xvEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of
the Comptroller
Washington, DC 20460
January 1989
tne
Budget
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
SUBJECT INDEX 9
SUMMARY 1-1
AIR 2-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Air Quality Research 2-8
Scientific Assessment. 2-15
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 2-16
Health Effects 2-18
Environmental Engineering and Technology 2-20
Environmental Processes and Effects ..: 2-22
Characterization, Transport and Fate 2-23
,Stratospheric Modification 2-25
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Air Quality and Stationary Source Planning and Standards . . . . 2-27
Emission Standards and .Technology Assessment 2-29
National Pollutant Policies, Strategies and Rules 2-31
State Program Guidelines and Air Standards Development . . . ... 2-34
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control and Fuel Economy 2-37
Emission Standards, Technical Assessment and Characterization. . 2-39
Testing, Technical and Administrative Support 2-40
Emissions and Fuel Economy Compliance 2-42
State Programs Resource Assistance 2-44
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 105 Grants) . . 2-45
Training 2-48
Air Quality Management Implementation 2-49
Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment 2-53
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring';! 2-55
Air Quality and Emissions-Data Management and Analysis 2-57
ENFORCEMENT ,
Stationary Source Enforcement 2-60
Mobile Source Enforcement 2-65
WATER QUALITY 3-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Water Quality Research 3-10
.Scientific Assessment. .: . 3-14
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 3-15
Health Effects ." 3-17
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Table of Contents
(Continued)
Environmental Engineering and Technology 3-18
Environmental Processes and Effects 3-19
Great Lakes 3-20
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Water Quality and Grants Program Management . 3-22
Water Quality Management 3-24
Great Lakes Program 3-26
Chesapeake Bay Program 3-28
Effluent Standards and Guidelines 3-31
Grants Assistance Programs 3-34
Clean Lakes Program 3-35
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106) 3-36
Water Quality Strategies Implementation 3-40
Wetlands Protection 3-42
Ocean Disposal Permits 3-45
Environmental Emergency Response and Prevention 3-47
Standards and Regulations 3-48
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis 3-51
Coastal Environment Management 3-53
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis 3-55
Municipal Source Control 3-58
Municipal Waste Treatment Facility Construction 3-60
Waste Treatment Operations and Maintenance 3-62
ENFORCEMENT
Water Quality Enforcement 3-65
Water Quality Permit Issuance . . . . 3-69
DRINKING WATER 4-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Drinking Water Research 4-7
Scientific Assessment 4-11
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 4-12
Health Effects 4-13
Environmental Engineering and Technology 4-15,,
Environmental Processes and Effects 4-16
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL ' -, .
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards and Guidelines . " 4-/J.S
Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 4-20
Drinking Water Implementation ^,*22
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance 4 7 25
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants <4,T26
Underground Injection Control Program Grants 4-28
Special Studies and Demonstrations ,4-30
Drinking Water Management ... ,4-32
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Assistance 4-34
Underground Injection Control Program 4-36
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Table of Contents
(Continued)
Page
Ground-Water Protection 4-39
ENFORCEMENT
Drinking Water Enforcement 4-44
HAZARDOUS WASTE 5-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Waste Research 5-7
Scientific Assessment 5-12
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 5-13
Health Effects 5-15
Environmental Engineering and Technology 5-15
Environmental Processes and Effects ^ 5-17
Integrated Hazardous Waste Research 5-18
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines and Policies 5-20
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Hazardous Waste 5-22
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Air and Radiation .... 5-24
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Water 5-25
Regulations, Guidelines & Policies - Underground Storage Tanks . 5-27
Financial Assistance 5-30
Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance to States. ... 5-31
Underground Storage Tanks State Grants 5-33
Waste Management Strategies Implementation 5-34
Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation. 5-35
Emergency Planning/Community Right-to-know - Title III 5-37
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Waste Enforcement 5-41
PESTICIDES 6-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Pesticides Research 6-7
Scientific Assessment 6-13
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance ... 6-14
Health Effects 6-15
Environmental Engineering and Technology 6-16
Environmental Processes and Effects 6-17
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Registration, Special Registration and Tolerances 6-19
Registration, Special Registration and Tolerances 6-21
Special Registration 6-23
Tolerances 6-24
Generic Chemical Review 6-25
Pesticides Program Implementation 6-30
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Table of Contents
(Continued)
Pesticides Program Implementation 6-31
Pesticides Program Implementation Grants 6-32
ENFORCEMENT
Pesticides Enforcement 6-34
Pesticides Enforcement 6-35
Pesticides Enforcement Grants 6-36
RADIATION 7-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Radiation Research 7-6
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 7-9
Environmental Engineering and Technology 7-10
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Radiation Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 7-12
Radiation Program Implementation 7-16
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment 7-19
Radon Action Program 7-22
Radon Action Program Implementation 7-26
INTERDISCIPLINARY 8-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Intermedia Programs 8-4
Scientific Assessment 8-12
Technical Information and Liaison. 8-13
Quality Assurance Management 8-15
Exploratory Research Core Program 8-15
Reduction of Uncertainties in Risk Assessment (RURA) 8-17
Human Exposure 8-18
Basic Ecological Research 8-19
Capital Investments 8-19
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Environmental Review and Coordination 8-21
Agencywide Technology Transfer Staff 8-24
Academic Training Grants 8-27
ENFORCEMENT
Enforcement Policy and Technical Support 8-29
Enforcement Policy and Operations 8-32
Criminal Investigations Program 8-36
Technical Support - Office of Enforcement and Compliance
Monitoring 8-38
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Table of Contents
(Continued)
Page
TOXIC SUBSTANCES 9-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Toxics Substances Research 9-7
Scientific Assessment 9-14
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 9-14
Health Effects 9-16
Environmental Engineering and Technology 9-17
Environmental Processes and Effects 9:18
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Toxic Substances Financial Assistance .... 9-21
Asbestos-in-Schools Loans and Grants 9-23
Asbestos-in-Schools Program Administration 9-24
Asbestos-in-Schools Contractor and Inspector Certification ... 9-25
Toxic Substances Strategies ..... 9-26
Chemical Testing 9-28
Existing Chemical Review 9-29
New Chemical Review 9-32
Asbestos-in-Buildings 9-33
Regional Toxics Program 9-34
OPTS Title III 9-36
ENFORCEMENT
Toxic Substances Enforcement 9-40
Toxic.Substances Enforcement 9-41
Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants 9-43
OPTS Title III Enforcement 9-44
ENERGY 10-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Multi-Media Energy 10-3
Acid Deposition 10-8
Environmental Engineering and Technology 10-10
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT 11-1
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management 11-6
Program Management - Air and Radiation 11-9
Program Management - Water 11-10
Program Management - Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring . . . 11-10
Program Management - External Affairs 11-11
Program Management - Pesticides and Toxic Substances 11-12
Program Management - General Counsel 11-13
Program Management - Research and Development 11-13
Program Management - Solid Waste and Emergency Response 11-14
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Table of Contents
(Continued)
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices 11-16
Immediate Office of the Administrator 11-19
Office of Regional Operations 11-20
Office of Executive Support 11-20
Administrator's Representation Fund 11-21
Office of International Activities 11-22
Office of Civil Rights 11-23
Science Advisory Board 11-24
Office of Administrative Law Judges 11-24
Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization 11-25
Office of Inspector General 11-27
Office of Inspector General 11-28
Office of General Counsel 11-31
General Counsel 11-32
Office of External Affairs 11-33
Office of Legislative Analysis 11-35
Office of Congressional Liaison 11-36
Office of Public Affairs 11-36
Office of Community and Intergovernmental Relations 11-37
Office of Federal Activities 11-38
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation 11-40
Program Management - Policy, Planning and Evaluation 11-42
Integrated Environmental Management Program. 11-43
Office of Policy Analysis 11-44
Office of Standards and Regulations 11-46
Office of Management Systems and Evaluation 11-47
Pollution Prevention Program ... 11-49
Office of Administration and Resources Management 11-51
Program Management-Administration 11-54
Financial Management - Headquarters 11-55
Office of the Comptroller 11-56
Contracts and Grants Management - Headquarters 11-57
Organization and Health Services 11-58
Facilities and Management Services 11-59
Information Systems and Services 11-60
Human Resources Management 11-61
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management 11-63
Resource Management - Regions 11-66
Financial Management - Regions 11-66
Personnel Management - Regions 11-67
Administrative Management - Regions 11-68
Regional Management 11-68
Regional Counsel 11-69
Planning, Evaluation and Analysis - Regions 11-70
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Table of Contents
(Continued)
SUPPORT COSTS
Support Costs 11-72
Professional Training 11-73
Nationwide Support Services 11-74
Headquarters Support Services 11-74
Regional Support Services 11-75
Automated Data Processing Support Costs 11-76
Lab Support - Research and Development 11-77
Lab Support - Air and Radiation 11-77
Lab Support - Pesticides and Toxic Substances 11-78
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES 12-1
Buildings and Facilities '. 12-3
New Facilities 12-4
Repairs and Improvements 12.-4
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS 13-1
Construction Grants 13-3
SUPERFUND 14-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Substance Research 14-8
Scientific Assessment 14-16
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 14-17
Health Effects ; 14-19
Environmental Engineering and Technology 14-20
Environmental Processes and Effects 14-22
Exploratory Research 14-23
Technical Information and Liaison 14-24
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE
Hazardous Substance Response 14-25
Hazardous Spill and Site Response 14-26
Hazardous Substance Response - Support 14-34
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Water 14-35
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Air and Radiation . . . 14-37
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency 14-38
Department of Health and Human Services 14-40
United States Coast Guard 14-42
Department of Justice 14-43
Federal Emergency Management Agency 14-43
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 14-44
Department of the Interior 14-45
Occupational Safety and Health Administration. . . 14-46
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Table of Contents
(Continued)
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement 14-47
Hazardous Substance Technical Support - Office of Enforcementnt
and Compliance Monitoring 14-49
Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement 14-51
Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement 14-53
Hazardous Substance Criminal Investigations 14-56
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Hazardous Substance Management and Support 14-58
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Headquarters 14-64
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Regions 14-65
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters . . 14-65
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Regions 14-66
Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants
Management - Headquarters 14-67
Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants
Management - Regions 14-68
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Headquarters 14-68
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Regions 14-69
Hazardous Substance Computer Services 14-69
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Headquarters 14-70
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Regions 14-70
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Inspector General 14-71
Hazardous Substance - Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation. 14-72
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Comptroller 14-74
Hazardous Substance - Office of External Affairs 14-74
Hazardous Substance - Executive Offices 14-75
Hazardous Substance - Office of Research
and Development - Lab Support. 14-76
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS 15-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
LUST Technical Support 15-4
Environmental Engineering and Technology 15-6
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
LUST Guidelines and Implementation 15-8
ENFORCEMENT
LUST Enforcement - Office of Enforcement and Compliance
Monitoring 15-11
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Management and Support 15-13
Policy and Analysis - Office of Policy, Planning and
Evaluation 15-15
Administrative Management - Headquarters 15-16
Administrative Management - Regions 15-16
Legal Services - Office of General Counsel 15-17
SPECIAL ANALYSES 16-1
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Subject Index by Media
Paj
AIR
Acid Aerosols 2-5,15,16,17,19,
23,34,35,36
Acid Deposition 2-5
Air Quality Monitoring 2-16,17,18,55
Air Toxics 2-2,3,4,15,16,17,19,
23,29,30,35,39,40,
45,46,47,50,51,52,
58
Compliance Monitoring Inspections 2-32
Consulting Services - Air 2-6
Enforcement - Air 2-2,3,4,7,32,41,45,
47,60,65
Fuel Economy 2-41,42,43
Global Climate Change 2,5,25,26,34
Health Effects Institute - Air 2-19
Indoor Air 2-2,4,5,16,17,19,21,
31,32,33
Inspection and Maintenance Program - Air 2-3,40,45
In-use Emission Factors 2-40
Mobile Source Pollutants 2-17,19,24
Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory 2-41
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) 2-2,3,15,16,17,19,
22,23,34,35,36,47,
48,50,51,56,57,58
National Crop Loss Assessment Network (NCLAN) 2-22
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants (NESHAPs) 2-3,4,7,17,29,30,
31,46,47,52
National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES-III). . . . 2-20
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) 2-17,21,23,29,30,
31,46,47
Ozone 2-2,3,4,5,16,19,22,
23,29,30,31,32,
33,34,35,36,39,
40,45,46,47,50,
56,57,58,59
Particulate Matter (PM10) 2-3,4,15,19,23,29,
34,35,45,46,47,
50,51,55,56,57,58
Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) 2-34,35,36,45,46,50,
51
Regional Modeling of Air Pollutants 2-23,24
Regional Oxidant Model 2-23
Selective Enforcement Audits 2-3
State Grants - Air 2-44,45,46,47
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Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
Page
State Implementation Plans (SIPs) 2-2,3,17,21,23,30,
34,35,36,40,45,
46,47,50,51,56,
57,58,59
Stationary Source Enforcement 2-60
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion 2-2,4,25,26,31,33
Tampering and Fuel Switching 2-41
WATER QUALITY
Advanced Wastewater Treatment Reviews 3-62
Aquatic Life Research 3-16
Biomonitoring 3-16,37,38,39,56,
57
Chesapeake Bay Program 3-4,19,28,29,30
Chesapeake Bay Toxics Reduction Strategy 3-28,29
Clean Lakes 3-35,36
Coastal Environment Management . . . 3-3,4,19,20,53,54,
55
Constructed Wetlands 3-3,18,19,20
Construction Grants Management 3-6,60,61,62,63,64
Corps of Engineers 3-42,43,44,45,46,60,
61,62
Consulting Services - Water Quality 3-7
Effluent Guidelines 3-15,32,33
Emergency Response - Water Quality 3-47,14-34,35
Enforcement - Water Quality. . . 3-7,37,38,39,66,67,
68
Great Lakes Program 3-4,20,21,26,27,28
Great Lakes Replacement Research Vessel . . 3-26,27
Gulf of Mexico Initiative 3-3,53,54,55
Indian Tribes - Water Quality 3-24,25,26,37,38,48,
49,50,60,61,62
International Pollution Control Agreements 3-4,21,26,27
Marine Outfalls - Section 301(h) 3-54,55
National Estuary Program 3-4,53,54,55
Near Coastal Waters 3-3,19,20,53,54,55
New York Bight 3-4,45,46
Nonpoint Sources 3-4,5,24,25,27,28,
29,30,36
NPDES Permits 3-5,7,37,38,54,66,
67,68,70,71,72
Ocean Disposal 3-2,19,20,45,46
Operations and Maintenance 3-62,63,64
Operator Training -Water Quality 3-63,64
Pretreatment 3-5,7,37,38,39,66,
67,68,70,71,72
10
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Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
Page
Sludge Management 3-5,15,20,37,38,39,
48,49,50,63,70,71,
72
State Clean Water Strategies 3-3
State Grants - Water Quality 3-24,25,26,35,36,37,
38,39
State Revolving Funds 3-6,60,61,62
Toxic Pollutant Controls 3-5,6,19,20,26,27,
28,29,37,38,39,
48,49,56,57,66,
67,68,70,71,72
Wastewater Treatment Compliance 3-7,37,38,63,64,66,
67,68
Water Quality Permit Issuance. 3-5,37,38,39,70,71,
72
Wetlands (Section 404) 3-3,42,43,44
DRINKING WATER
Class V Wells 4-2,4,23,24,28,29,
30,37,38,45
Drinking Water Implementation 4-22,23,24
Enforcement - Drinking Water 4-45,46,47
Epidemiology 4-14,15
Ground-Water Activities 4-2,4,5,13,16,40,
41,42,43
Ground-Water Protection Strategies 4-4,40,41,42,43
Ground-Water Research Activities 4-5,13,16
Health Advisories 4-14,21
Health Effects - Drinking Water 4-13,14,15
Indian Tribes -Drinking Water 4-24,27,28,29,35,
36,37,38
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations 4-2,13,20,23,27,35,
45
National Rural Water Association 4-30,31
National Survey of Pesticides 4-20,21
Public Water Systems Supervision 4-3,22,26,27,31
Rural Community Assistance Programs. ... 4-30,31
Small Systems Engineering Research 4-15
Small Systems Initiative 4-22,30,31
State Grants - Drinking Water 4-26,27,28,29,30,31
Underground Injection Control 4-4,13,16,23,24,28,
36,37,38
Wellhead Protection 4-2,16,40,41,42,43
11
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Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
Page
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Air Emission Standards 5-24
Chemical Emergency Planning. . . . 5-12,38
Community Right-to-know 5-12,14,1(5,38
Compliance Inspections 5-43
Consulting Services - Hazardous Waste 5-5
Corrective Action 5-42
Domestic Sewage Study 5-25
Enforcement - Hazardous Waste 5-42
Financial Responsibility 5-24
Ground Water Monitoring 5-14,24
Hazardous Waste Research 5-11,12,14
Incineration 5-12,15,16,24
Innovative/Alternatives Technologies 5-11,16
Land Banning Activities 5-24
Land Disposal 5-11,16,24
Listing/Delisting 5-18,23
Medical Waste 5-22
Mining Waste 5-4
Monitoring Methods 5-13,43
Municipal Waste Incineration 5-12,16,22
Municipal Wastewater Lagoon Study .5-27
Permitting 5-35
Policy and Guidance 5-22
Pollution Prevention 5-5,17
POTW Requirements - Hazardous Waste 5-25
Quality Assurance - Hazardous Waste 5-12,14
Regulations Development 5-22
Reports to Congress 5-24
Risk Assessment - Hazardous Waste 5-11,12,17
Solid Waste 5-36
State Authorizations -Hazardous Waste 5-36
State Grants - Hazardous Waste 5-31
Subtitle D Criteria 5-36
Surface Impoundments 5-16
Title III - Hazardous Waste 5-12,14,16,38
Treatment Standards 5-22
UIC Requirements (RCRA) 5-26
Underground Storage Tanks - Regulations and Guidelines . 5-12,27
Underground Storage Tanks Grants 5-33
Waste Characterization 5-2,11,13
Waste Minimization/Pollution Prevention 5-3,17
PESTICIDES
Biotechnology 6-4,22
Biotechnology Research 6-4,13,14,15,17
12
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Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
Page
Certification and Training 6-23,29,33
Consulting Services - Pesticides '1 ..... 6-4
Data Call-in 6-23,26,29
Disposal 6-2,4,16,22,26,29,
32,33
Emergency Exemptions 6-5,22,24
Endangered Species 6-2,3,22,26,31,33
Experimental Use Permit 6-2,5,22
Pesticides Protection/Workers Exposed to Pesticides. . . 6-2,4,23,26,31,33,
35,37
Ground Water - Pesticides 6-2,4,14,17,21,26,
31,33
National Survey of Pesticides in Drinking Water 6-27
Nebraska and Colorado Enforcement Program 6-33
Pesticide Program Implementation 6-23,30,33
Reregistration 6-2,3,26,28,37
Registration Fees 6-21,23
Registration Standards 6-3,5,6,26,29
Risk Assessment - Pesticides . 6-3,4,13,15
Special Review (RPAR) 6-3,5,27,29
State Grants - Pesticides 6-31,32
Tolerances 6-2,3,5,19,24,26,28
RADIATION
Airborne Radionuclide Standards 7-13
Environmental Radiation Ambient
Monitoring System (ERAMS). . 7-3,20,21
Nevada Nuclear Test Site 7-9,10
Radiological Emergency Response Plans 7-17
Radon Mitigation Research 7-4,10,11
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Agencywide Technology Transfer Staff 8-25
Case Referrals 8-33
Compliance Monitoring 8-38
Criminal Investigations 8-36
Ecological Trends 8-19
Ecological Research Initiative 8-19
Ecological Risk Assessment 8-18
Enforcement - Interdisciplinary 8-32
Enforcement Policy and Operations 8-32
Environmental Review and Coordination 8-22
Evidence Audits 8-38
13
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Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
Page
Exploratory Research 8-15
Federal Agencies Compliance 8-22
Human Exposure Research 8-18
Human Health Risk Assessment - Interdisciplinary . . . .8-17
Indians Programs - Interdisciplinary 8-22
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) 8-12
Academic Training Grants 8-28
Litigation 8-32
National Enforcement Investigation Center (NEIC) . . . .8-38
NEPA Compliance Program 8-22
Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring 8-32
Quality Assurance Interdisciplinary 8-15
Reduction of Uncertainties in Risk Assessment (RURA) . . 8-17
Regulatory Support - Interdisciplinary 8-14
Risk Assessment Guidelines - Interdisciplinary 8-12
Scientific Equipment 8-19
Small Business Innovation Research 8-16
Technical Information 8-14
Technology Transfer - ORD 8-14
Distinguished Visiting Scientists Program 8-16
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Adipose Tissue Survey 9-30,31
Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) 9-2,6,23-25,33-35,
41-43
Asbestos in Federal Buildings 9-24
Asbestos in Public Buildings 9-3,6,23-25,33,34
Asbestos Regulations 9-23-25,30-34
Asbestos Research 9-4,13,15,17,18,34
Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA) 9-2,6,23-25,34
Asbestos Accreditation Programs 9-25,33,34
Biotechnology 9-2,5,13,15,17,18,
19,32,33
Biotechnology Research 9-4
Comprehensive Assessment Information Rule (CAIR) .... 9-29-31
Consulting Services - Toxic Substances 9-4
Enforcement - Toxic Substances 9-4,40-43,45,46
Existing Chemical Review 9-2,3,5,29-31
Expedited New Chemical Follow-up 9-32,33
Interagency Testing Committee (ITC) 9-28,29
Lab/Data Integrity 9-6,41-43
Polychlorinated Biphenynls (PCBS) 9-2-6,29-31,35,
41-43
Premanufacture Notice Fees 9-32,33
Regional Toxics Program 9-3,34,35
Risk Assessment - Toxic Substances 9-3,5,12,14,15,
29-31
SARA Section 110 Toxicological Profiles 9-3,28
14
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Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
Significant New Use Rule (SNUR) 9-32,33
Test Guidelines 9-5,28,29
Test Rules 9-3,5,28,29,42
Title III Enforcement 9-4,6,44-47
Title III Research Support 9-4,13,14,15,18
Title III Toxic Release Inventory 9-2,3,6,28-31,37-39,
45-47
ENERGY
Acid Deposition 10-8,9,10
Acid Rain 10-2
Limestone Injection Multistage Burner (LIMB) 10-7,10,11
National Surface Water Survey 10-9
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Audits and Investigations .'....' 11-27
Automated Data Processing (ADP) 11-60,61,68,76,77
Fiscal Integrity . 11-55,66
Global Climate Change. ..... 11-22,44,45,46
Human Resources Management 11-61,62
International Activities 11-22
Legal Advice . 11-31
Legislation/Congressional Liaison Activities 11-35,36
Maintenance and Repair Projects 11-4
Management Systems Integrated 11-56
Managing for Environmental Results 11-47,48,49
Office of General Counsel 11-32
Regulatory Reform - OPPE 11-46,47
Support Services 11-73-78
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
Active Projects - Construction Grants 13-2,3,4
Administration's Phaseout - Construction Grants 13-3
Obligation/Outlays - Construction Grants . 13-3,4.
Set-Asides - Construction Grants 13-2,3,4
State Revolving Funds - Construction GRants 13-2,3
SUPERFUND
Alternative Technologies 14-4,15,18,21
Consulting Services - Superfund 14-5
15
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Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
Page
Cost Recovery - Superfund 14-51,52,53-56
Criminal Investigations - Superfund 14-56
Emergency Response - Superfund 14-29
Enforcement - Superfund ;' 14-49
Environmental Response Team 14-29
Health Research - Superfund 14-19
Interagency - Superfund 14-40
Management - Superfund 14-64
Office of Inspector General - Superfund 14-71
Remedial Response 14-26
Research and Development - Superfund 14-4,8-24
SITE Program 14-4,20,21
Support Services - Superfund 14-35
University Research Centers 14-15,23,24
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK
Consulting Services - LUST 15-3
Cooperative Agreements - LUST 15-9
Corrective Action - LUST 15-9
Cost Recovery - LUST 15-9
Enforcement - LUST 15-11,12
Guidelines - LUST. , . 15-9
Management - LUST 15-13,15
Technical Support - LUST 15-5,6
16
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Alphabetical Subject Index
A
Academic Training Grants 8-28
Acid Aerosols 2-5,15,16,17,19,
23,34,35,36
Acid Deposition - Air 2-5
Acid Deposition - Energy 10-8,9,10
Acid Rain 10-2
Active Projects - Construction Grants 13-2,3,4
Adipose Tissue Survey 9-30,31
Administration's Phaseout - Construction Grants 13-3
Advanced Wastewater Treatment Reviews 3-62
Agencywide Technology Transfer Staff 8-25
Air Emission Standards 5-24
Air Quality Monitoring . 2-16,17,18,55
Air Toxics 2-2,3,4,15,16,17,19,
23,29,30,35,39,40,
45,46,47,50,51,52,
58
Airborne Radionuclide Standards 7-13
Alternative Technologies 14-4,15,18,21
Aquatic Life Research 3-16
Asbestos Accreditation Programs 9-25,33,34
Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) 9-2,6,23-25,33-35,
41-43
Asbestos in Federal Buildings 9-24
Asbestos in Public Buildings 9-3,6,23-25,33,34
Asbestos Regulations 9-23-25,30-34
Asbestos Research 9-4,13,15,17,18,34
Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA) 9-2,6,23-25,34
Audits and Investigations 11-27
Automated Data Processing (ADP) 11-60,61,68,76,77
B
Biomonitoring 3-16,37,38,39,56, 57
Biotechnology - Pesticides 6-4,22
Biotechnology - Toxic Substances 9-2,5,13,15,17,18,
19,32,33
Biotechnology Research - Toxic Substances 9-4
Biotechnology Research - Pesticides 6-4,13,14,15,17
17
-------
Alphabetical Subject Index
(Continued)
Case Referrals 8-33
Certification and Training 6-23,29,33
Chemical Emergency Planning 5-12,38
Chesapeake Bay Program 3-4,19,28,29,30
Chesapeake Bay Toxics Reduction Strategy 3-28,29
Class V Wells 4-2,4,23,24,28,29,
30,37,38,45
Clean Lakes 3-35,36
Coastal Environment Management . . . . 3-3,4,19,20,53,54,
55
Community Right-to-know 5-12,14,16,38
Compliance Inspections 5-43
Compliance Monitoring 8-38
Compliance Monitoring Inspections. 2-32
Comprehensive Assessment Information Rule (CAIR) .... 9-29-31
Constructed Wetlands 3-3,18,19,20
Construction Grants Management 3-6,60,61,62,63,64
Consulting Services - Air 2-6
Consulting Services - Hazardous Waste .5-5
Consulting Services - LUST 15-3
Consulting Services - Pesticides 6-4
Consulting Services - Superfund ,14-5
Consulting Services - Toxic Substances 9-4
Consulting Services - Water Quality 3-7
Cooperative Agreements - LUST 15-9
Corps of Engineers 3-42,43,44,45,46,60,
61,62
Corrective Action 5-42
Corrective Action - LUST 15-9
Cost Recovery - LUST 15-9
Cost Recovery - Superfund 14-51,52,53-56
Criminal Investigations 8-36
Criminal Investigations - Superfund 14-56
Data Call-In 6-23,26,29
Disposal 6-2,4,16,22,26,29,
32,33
Distinguished Visiting Scientists Program. . . 8-16
Domestic Sewage Study 5-25
Drinking Water Implementation 4-22,23,24
18
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Alphabetical Subject Index
(Continued)
Page
Ecological Research Initiative 8-19
Ecological Risk Assessment 8-18
Ecological Trends 8-19
Effluent Guidelines 3-15,32,33
Emergency Exemptions 6-5,22,24
Emergency Response - Superfund 14-29
Emergency Response - Water Quality 3-47,14-34,35
Endangered Species 6-2,3,22,26,31,33
Enforcement - Air 2-2,3,4,7,32,41,45,
47,60,65
Enforcement - Drinking Water 4-45,46,47
Enforcement - Hazardous Waste 5-42
Enforcement - Interdisciplinary 8-32
Enforcement - LUST 15-11,12
Enforcement - Superfund 14-49
Enforcement - Toxic Substances 9-4,40-43,45,46
Enforcement - Water Quality 3-7,37,38,39,66,67,
68
Enforcement Policy and Operations 8-32
Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System. . . . 7-3,20,21
Environmental Response Team 14-29
Environmental Review and Coordination 8-22
Epidemiology 4-14,15
Evidence Audits 8-38
Existing Chemical Review 9-2,3,5,29-31
Expedited New Chemical Follow-up 9-32,33
Experimental Use Permit 6-2,5,22
Exploratory Research 8-15
Z
Federal Agencies Compliance 8-22
Financial Responsibility 5-24
Fiscal Integrity 11-55,66
Fuel Economy .' 2-41,42,43
G
Global Climate Change - Management and Support 11-22,44,45,46
Global Climate Change - Air 2,5,25,26,34
Great Lakes Program 3-4,20,21,26,27,28
Great Lakes Replacement Research Vessel 3-26,27
19
-------
Alphabetical Subject Index
(Continued)
Page
Ground Water - Pesticides 6-2,4,14,17,21,26,
31,33
Ground Water Monitoring 5-14,24
Ground-Water Activities 4-2,4,5,13,16,40,
41,42,43
Ground-Water Protection Strategies 4-4,40,41,42,43
Ground-Water Research Activities 4-5,13,16
Guidelines - LUST 15-9
Gulf of Mexico Initiative 3-3,53,54,55
H
Hazardous Waste Research 5-11,12,14
Health Advisories 4-14,21
Health Effects - Drinking Water .4-13,14,15
Health Effects Institute - Air 2-19
Health Research - Superfund 14-19
Human Exposure Research 8-18
Human Health Risk Assessment - Interdisciplinary . . . .8-17
Human Resources Management ..... 11-61,62
1
In-use Emission Factors 2-40
Incineration 5-12,15,16,24
Indian Tribes - Water Quality 3-24,25,26,37,38,48,
49,50,60,61,62
Indian Tribes -Drinking Water 4-24,27,28,29,35,
36,37,38
Indians Programs - Interdisciplinary 8-22
Indoor Air 2-2,4,5,16,17,19,21,
31,32,33
Innovative/Alternatives Technologies 5-11,16
Inspection and Maintenance Program - Air 2-3,40,45
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) 8-12
Interagency - Superfund 14-40
Interagency Testing Committee (ITC) 9-28,29
International Activities 11-22
International Pollution Control Agreements 3-4,21,26,27
20
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Alphabetical Subject Index
(Continued)
Page
Lab/Data Integrity 9-6,41-43
Land Banning Activities 5-24
Land Disposal 5-11,16,24
Legal Advice 11-31
Legislation/Congressional Liaison Activities 11-35,36
Limestone Injection Multistage Burner (LIMB) 10-7,10,11
Listing/Delisting 5-18,23
Litigation 8-32
Maintenance and Repair Projects 11-4
Management - LUST 15-13,15
Management - Superfund 14-64
Management Systems Integrated 11-56
Managing for Environmental Results 11-47,48,49
Marine Outfalls - Section 301(h) 3-54,55
Medical Waste 5-22
Mining Waste 5-4
Mobile Source Pollutants 2-17,19,24
Monitoring Methods 5-13,43
Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory 2-41
Municipal Waste Incineration 5-12,16,22
Municipal Wastewater Lagoon Study 5-27
N
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) 2-2,3,15,16,17,19,
22,23,34,35,36,47,
48,50,51,56,57,58
National Crop Loss Assessment Network (NCLAN) 2-22
National Emission Standards for Hazardous
Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) .... 2-3,4,7,17,29,30,
31,46,47,52
National Enforcement Investigation Center (NEIC) . . . . 8-38
National Estuary Program 3-4,53,54,55
National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES-III). . . . 2-20
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations 4-2,13,20,23,27,35,
45
National Rural Water Association 4-30,31
National Surface Water Survey 10-9
National Survey of Pesticides 4-20,21
21
-------
Alphabetical Subject Index
(Continued)
Page
National Survey of Pesticides in Drinking Water 6-27
Near Coastal Waters. .- 3-3,19,20,53,54,55
Nebraska and Colorado Enforcement Program 6-33
NEPA Compliance Program 8-22
Nevada Nuclear Test Site 7-9,10
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) 2-17,21,23,29,30,
31,46,47
New York Bight 3-4,45,46
Nonpoint Sources 3-4,5,24,25,27,28,
29,30,36
NPDES Permits 3-5,7,37,38,54,66,
67,68,70,71,72
Q
Obligation/Outlays - Construction Grants 13-3,4
Ocean Disposal 3-2,19,20,45,46
Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring 8-32
Office of General Counsel 11-32
Office of Inspector General - Superfund. . 14-71
Operations and Maintenance 3-62,63,64
Operator Training -Water Quality 3-63,64
Ozone 2-2,3,4,5,16,19,22,
23,29,30,31,32,
33,34,35,36,39,
40,45,46,47,50,
56,57,58,59
Particulate Matter (PMio)• • • 2-3,4,15,19,23,29,
34,35,45,46,47,
50,51,55,56,57,58
Permitting 5-35
Pesticide Program Implementation 6-23,30,33
Pesticides Protection/Workers Exposed to Pesticides. . . 6-2,4,23,26,31,33,
35,37
Policy and Guidance 5-22
Pollution Prevention 5-5,17
Polychlorinated Biphenynls (PCBS) 9-2-6,29-31,35,
41-43
POTW Requirements - Hazardous Waste 5-25
Premanufacture Notice Fees 9-32,33
22
-------
Alphabetical Subject Index
(Continued)
Pre treatment 3-5,7', 37,38,39,66,
67,68,70,71,72
Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) 2-34,35,36,45,46,
50,51
Public Water Systems Supervision 4-3,22,26,27,31
Quality Assurance - Hazardous Waste 5-12,14
Quality Assurance Interdisciplinary 8-15
E
Radiological Emergency Response Plans 7-17
Radon Mitigation Research 7-4,10,11
Reduction of Uncertainties in Risk Assessment (RURA) . . 8-17
Regional Modeling of Air Pollutants 2-23,24
Regional Oxidant Model 2-23
Regional Toxics Program. . . 9-3,34,35
Registration Fees. 6-21,23
Registration Standards 6-3,5,6,26,29
Regulations Development 5-22
Regulatory Reform - OPPE 11-46,47
Regulatory Support - Interdisciplinary 8-14
Remedial Response 14-26
Reports to Congress 5-24
Reregistration 6-2,3,26,28,37
Research and Development - Superfund 14-4,8-24
Risk Assessment - Hazardous Waste 5-11,12,17
Risk Assessment - Pesticides 6-3,4,13,15
Risk Assessment - Toxic Substances 9-3,5,12,14,15,
29-31
Risk Assessment Guidelines - Interdisciplinary 8-12
Rural Community Assistance Programs 4-30,31
SARA Section 110 Toxicological Profiles 9-3,28
Scientific Equipment 8-19
Selective Enforcement Audits 2-3
Set-Asides - Construction Grants 13-2,3,4
Significant New Use Rule (SNUR) 9-32,33
SITE Program 14-4,20,21
23
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Alphabetical Subject Index
(Continued)
Page
Sludge Management 3-5,15,20,37,38,39,
48,49,50,63,70,71,
72
Small Business Innovation Research 8-16
Small Systems Engineering Research 4-15
Small Systems Initiative 4-22,30,31
Solid Waste 5-36
Special Review (RPAR) 6-3,5,27,29
State Authorizations -Hazardous Waste 5-36
State Clean Water Strategies 3-3
State Grants - Air 2-44,45,46,47
State Grants - Drinking Water 4-26,27,28,29,30,31
State Grants - Hazardous Waste 5-31
State Grants - Pesticides 6-31,32
State Grants - Water Quality 3-24,25,26,35,36,37,
38,39
State Implementation Plans (SIPs) 2-2,3,17,21,23,30,
34,35,36,40,45,
46,47,50,51,56,
57,58,59
State Revolving Funds 3-6,60,61,62
State Revolving Funds - Construction GRants 13-2,3
Stationary Source Enforcement 2-60
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion 2-2,4,25,26,31,33
Subtitle D Criteria 5-36
Support Services - Management and Support 11-73-78
Support Services - Superfund . . 14-35
Surface Impoundments 5-16
1
Tampering and Fuel Switching 2-41
Technical Information 8-14
Technical Support - LUST 15-5,6
Technology Transfer - ORD 8-14
Test Guidelines 9-5,28,29
Test Rules 9-3,5,28,29,42
Title III - Hazardous Waste •. 5-12,14,16,38
Title III Enforcement 9-4,6,44-47
Title III Research Support 9-4,13,14,15,18
Title III Toxic Release Inventory 9-2,3,6,28-31,37-39,
45-47
Tolerances 6-2,3,5,19,24,26,28
24
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Alphabetical Subject Index
(Continued)
Toxic Pollutant Controls 3-5,6,19,20,26,27,
28,29,37,38,39,
48,49,56,57,66,
67,68,70,71,72
Treatment Standards 5-22
UIC Requirements (RCRA) 5-26
Underground Injection Control 4-4,13,16,23,24,28,
36,37,38
Underground Storage Tanks - Regulations and Guidelines . 5-12,27
Underground Storage Tanks Grants 5-33
University Research Centers 14-15,23,24
H
Waste Characterization 5-2,11,13
Waste Minimization/Pollution Prevention 5-3,17
Wastewater Treatment Compliance. 3-7,37,38,63,64,66,
67,68
Water Quality Permit Issuance 3-5,37,38,39,70,71,
72
Wellhead Protection. . . . 4-2,16,40,41,42,43
Wetlands (Section 404) 3-3,42,43,44
25
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1. SUMMARY
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2. AIR
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
AIR 2-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Air Quality Research 2-8
Scientific Assessment 2-15
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 2-16
Health Effects 2-18
Environmental Engineering and Technology 2-20
Environmental Processes and Effects 2-22
Characterization, Transport and Fate 2-23
Stratospheric Modification 2-25
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Air Quality and Stationary Source Planning and Standards .... 2-27
Emission Standards and Technology Assessment 2-29
National Pollutant Policies, Strategies and Rules 2-31
State Program Guidelines and Air Standards Development 2-34
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control and Fuel Economy 2-37
Emission Standards, Technical Assessment and Characterization. . 2-39
Testing, Technical and Administrative Support 2-40
Emissions and Fuel Economy Compliance 2-42
State Programs Resource Assistance 2-44
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 105 Grants) . . 2-45
Training 2-48
Air Quality Management Implementation 2-49
Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment 2-53
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring . 2-55
Air Quality and Emissions Data Management and Analysis 2-57
ENFORCEMENT
Stationary Source Enforcement 2-60
Mobile Source Enforcement 2-65
-------
ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
AIR
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
TOTAL, Air
$87,931.5 $90,256.2 $89,952.6 $94,565.3 $4,612.7
$120,255.0 $135,944.3 $135,291.2 $143,619.7 $8,328.5
$40,235.8 $43,378.3 $43,187.9 $57,279.2 $14,091.3
$248,422.3 $269,578.8 $268,431.7 $295,464.2 $27,032.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
1,628.2 1,700.7 1,692.0 1,753.9 61.9
1,717.4 1,741.1 1,731.9 1,753.9 22.0
$252,725.3 $254,008.4 $252,920.9 $281,987.2 $29,066.3
Authorization for the Clean Air Act expired
September 30, 1981. Reauthorization is pending.
2-1
-------
AIR
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Clean Air Act authorizes a nationwide program of air quality
planning, regulation, enforcement, and research to control air pollution.
EPA's strategy for implementing the nationwide program consists of five major
goals: (1) achieve National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs) to protect
public health; (2) reduce the risk of exposure to air toxics; (3) increase the
capacity and improve the effectiveness of state and local air quality agencies;
(4) determine the policy alternatives and strategy options available to address
stratospheric ozone depletion, global warming, indoor air pollution and acid
deposition; and (5) conduct research to provide a strong scientific and
technical basis for regulatory programs.
Achieve NAAQSs Nationwide
Establishing NAAQSs at levels that protect public health and prevent
other adverse effects has been the keystone of the national air quality
program. The NAAQSs are revised based on the results of regular assessments of
the most current scientific data on health and other effects of various air
pollutants. In 1990 EPA plans to promulgate revised or reaffirmed NAAQSs for
sulfur dioxide and propose revised or reaffirmed NAAQSs for lead.
To achieve NAAQSs, EPA helps states complete and enforce State
Implementation Plans (SIPs), as required by the Clean Air Act. Although air
quality has generally improved as a result of SIP measures, many SIPs have
proven inadequate for meeting NAAQSs by statutory deadlines.
\
The NAAQSs for ozone and carbon monoxide have proven to be the most
difficult standards to meet. Currently, 100 million people live in areas that
failed to meet the standards. About 70 areas did not meet the ozone standards
and about 60 areas failed to attain the carbon monoxide standards by December,
1987, the target date specified in the Clean Air Act. To help the post-1987
nonattainment areas meet the ozone and carbon monoxide NAAQSs, EPA proposed a
new national policy in November, 1987. The final policy, scheduled for
completion in 1989, will provide the framework for continued efforts towards
NAAQSs attainment. Significant resources will be required in 1990 and later
years to help EPA and states cover costs associated with implementing the
policy.
In 1990 EPA will provide guidance and development assistance to states to
help them correct and expand SIPs which have proven inadequate to meet the
ozone and carbon monoxide NAAQSs. EPA will begin developing documents which
identify appropriate levels of control technology. EPA and states will also
carry out a comprehensive enforcement program aimed at achieving continuous
compliance by stationary sources, primarily those emitting volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), which are ozone precursors.
2-2
-------
Another element of the strategy for attaining ozone and carbon monoxide
NAAQSs provides for continued reduction in emissions from in-use motor
vehicles . About half of the additional ozone precursor reduction required by
the proposed policy will come from continued enforcement of existing and new
mobile source standards. To ensure that vehicles meet emission standards
throughout their useful life, EPA will maintain a comprehensive Federal
compliance program. The program includes preproduction certification of
emission control systems; selective enforcement audits at manufacturers'
facilities; and recalls of insufficiently controlled vehicles. In 1990 EPA
will promulgate revised light-duty truck hydrocarbon emission standards. In
addition, EPA will commit additional resources to enforce emission standards
for trucks and buses; enforce vehicle fuel volatility requirements; demonstrate
alternative, less polluting fuels; and increase testing for mobile source
emission factors.
In 1990 EPA will also continue to work with states to establish and
maintain effective vehicle inspection/maintenance and anti- tampering programs.
By the end of 1989, 66 inspection and maintenance programs and 45 anti-
tampering programs are expected to be in operation. An additional nine new
anti -tampering programs are anticipated in 1990, bringing the total to 54.
EPA will also help states develop SIPs for attaining the revised NAAQSs
for PM10 and will review SIPs submitted by states as required under the Clean
Air Act. Approximately 150 areas, having a total population of 60 million
people, will not meet, or have the potential for not meeting, the revised PM^g
standard. In 1990 the PM^g program will focus on developing and reviewing
SIPs, particularly in the Group II nonattainment area where monitoring data
show PM^o violations. In previously identified Group I nonattainment areas,
States will continue developing SIPs to be ready for EPA review in 1990-1991.
In some cases, states will be developing measures for nontraditional sources.
Efforts will also be underway to develop policy for areas that cannot meet |
standards in the statutory timeframe. EPA will also publish final rules that
establish PM^g increment to prevent significant deterioration of air quality.
Reduce Risk of Exposure to Air Toxics
EPA's strategy for addressing air toxics consists of three elements:
expanded Federal regulation, increased state capabilities, and improved multi-
source, multi -pollutant approaches to control. In 1990 EPA will regulate toxic
emissions from point sources and nontraditional sources and help states improve
their air toxic programs.
As part of the Federal air toxics program, EPA will list and regulate
toxic air pollutants under section 112 of the Clean Air Act. Decisions for
Federal regulatory actions will be made for five to 10 pollutant/source
categories.
In 1990 EPA will be developing National Emission Standards for Hazardous
Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) for 12 hazardous pollutants. In addition, EPA will
promulgate two (NESHAPs) and propose five others. EPA will also regulate toxic
emissions by developing New Source Performance Standards for municipal
landfills and municipal waste combustors. EPA will continue to help states
build their ability to be responsible implementing NESHAPs. The 'Agency will
also increase emphasis on carrying out the revised strategy for the asbestos
2-3
-------
demolition and renovation NESHAPs.
As part of the program for addressing nontraditional sources of air
toxics, EPA will work towards promulgating regulations for air emissions from
seven types of hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities.
Since EPA has found that vehicle emissions and fuels are major components
of toxic air pollutants, part of the nontraditional source program will
increase efforts to control toxic emissions from motor vehicles and vehicle
fuels. To help ensure that manufacturers of heavy-duty diesel vehicles meet
more stringent particulate standards, EPA .will continue assessing technologies
and promulgating standards for controlling the quality of diesel fuels. The
Agency will also carry out a new heavy-duty engine enforcement program.
In 1990 EPA will continue to help states strengthen their air toxics
programs by implementing and revising their multi-year plans. The plans will
address NESHAPs implementation, control of high-risk point sources not covered
by NESHAPs, multi-pollutant/multi-source urban problems, and general program
improvements. In addition, EPA will provide states with information on
specific hazardous compounds to help them assess health risks, control needs,
and appropriate levels of control technology.
Strengthen State and Local Programs
EPA will continue to devote substantial effort to increasing the capacity
of state and local air pollution control agencies and to leveraging the effects
of its own resources. The Agency will support state and local air pollution
control programs by providing direct program assistance and training and by
facilitating information exchange. EPA will share information through the
Control Technology Center and clearinghouses. that provide information on air
toxics, emission factors, control technology, and risk. In 1990 EPA will
establish a PM^g modeling center that will provide state and local governments
with data bases, model documentation, and model applications for traditional
and nontraditional source categories.
EPA will also continue to carry out the National Air Audit System (NAAS).
The NAAS identifies obstacles which limit the effectiveness of state and local
control agencies and helps EPA define more efficient and influential national
programs. The NAAS will again cover five program areas in 1990: air quality
planning; new source review; compliance assurance; air monitoring; and vehicle
inspection/maintenance and anti-tampering. The results of the national audit
will be used to identify both the problems of individual state and local
agencies and more generic national problems.
Address Growing Problems: Stratospheric Ozone Depletion: Global Warming:
Indoor Air quality: and Acid Deposition
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion. Because the Clean Air Act gives the
Administrator of EPA authority to protect the stratosphere, EPA is responsible
for Federal efforts aimed at confronting ozone depletion, climate change
related to stratospheric alterations, and other effects and emissions caused by
stratospheric change. Under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete
the Ozone Layer, signed by the United States and 31 other nations, EPA will
implement and enforce domestic rules, support international implementation of
2-4
-------
rules and policies under the protocol, carry out risk and economic assessments
to monitor progress under the protocol, and share information on technology
development and alternative chemicals which minimize ozone depletion.
In 1988 EPA issued a final rule requiring! controls for producing and
consuming chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons and an Advance Notice of
Proposed Rulemaking that described possible additional or revised rules. In
1989 EPA is focusing on implementing and enforcing the domestic rule and
conducting analyses of possible further action. In 1990 EPA will continue
implementing and enforcing the domestic rule and will participate in a series
of assessments in support of the Montreal protocol.
Indoor Air Quality. Research completed by EPA and others indicates that
health risks are caused by total exposure to air pollutants and not just from
ambient exposures. Elevated levels of certain indoor air pollutants may pose a
substantial threat to human health. In 1990 EPA will continue to provide
policy direction to the indoor air quality research program; will disseminate
information to broad segments of the public on risks and ways to mitigate
indoor air quality problems; and will coordinate its activities with other EPA
programs, other Federal agencies, states, and the private sector. In 1990 EPA
will examine further the extent of the "sick building syndrome" and will
initiate the establishment of an Indoor Air Quality Technical and Non-technical
Clearinghouse.
Acid Deposition. In 1990 EPA will continue an acid deposition program
that includes accelerated research and analyses of policy and implementation
issues. EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD) will continue to
develop the scientific and technical information required to respond to policy
issues. In 1990 the Office of Air and Radiation Program will analyze
legislation, assess policy implications of research results, prepare guidance
for states, and provide advice and assistance to the Department of Energy Clean
Coal Technology Program.
Continue Research to-Support Regulatory Programs
ORD will provide health and ecological effects data, monitoring methods
and support, air pollutant transport models, assessments of emission reduction
technologies, and quality assurance to help meet the regulatory and public
information needs of the air program. In 1990 ORD will provide new resources
to substantially increase global climate change research; extend the regional
oxidant model (ROM) to areas outside of the Northeast; and initiate research on
acid aerosol measurement methodologies.
The Agency is proposing a major initiative for global climate change
research as part of a coordinated, multi-institutional effort to address the
likelihood and impact of global climate change. The program will focus
primarily on the regional effects of climate change.
The ROM will be applied to ozone non-attainment areas beyond the
Northeast, including the Southeast. Also, research begun in 1989 on the health
effects of acid aerosols will be supplemented by monitoring methods development
and modeling research. There is currently no low cost, acceptable means for
measuring acid aerosols. Work will focus on determining the temporal and
spatial distributions of acid aerosols in the atmosphere and understanding the
2-5
-------
atmospheric processes associated with their formation and removal.
Consulting Services
OAR funded a limited amount of consulting services in 1988. Section 117
of the Clean Air Act requires consultation with appropriate advisory committees
prior to publishing any NSPS or NESHAP. The National Air Pollution Control
Techniques Advisory Committee is comprised of members from industry,
environmental groups, academia, and state/local governments. The committee
typically meets three or four times per year to review the technical basis of
Federal emission standards.
A few small management service contracts were awarded in 1988. The
purpose of these contracts was to provide specialized expertise in
environmental economics needed to assess the economic impacts and benefits of
various NSPS, NESHAP, and NAAQS regulatory actions. The assessment of economic
impacts and benefits is required by Executive Order 12291.
2-6
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AIR
ACTUAL
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
ESTIMATE
1990
INCREASE (+)
DECREASE (-)
1990 vs 1989
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
National Ambient Air
Quality Standards
Number of Pollutants
Covered (Cumulative) 6 6 6
Proposals* 1 0 1 +1
Promulgations* 0 01+1
New Source Performance Standards
Source Categories
Covered (Cumulative) 59 66 72 +6
Proposals** 0 2 4 +2
Promulgations** 3 9 6 -3
National Emission Standards
for Hazardous Air Pollutants
Number of Source Categories
Covered (Cumulative) 31 32 33 +1
Number of Pollutants
Covered (Cumulative) 6 6 7 +1
Proposals** 315 +4
Promulgations** . 0 1 2 +1
Enforcement Actions - Stationary Sources
Inspections 2 ,019 1, 868 1, 868
Notices of Violations 287 300 300
Administrative Orders 224 225 225
.Civil Litigation 73 86 86
Criminal Litigation 20 10 10
Enforcement Actions - Mobile Sources
State and Local Tampering/
Fuel Switching Programs
(Cumulative) 42 45 54 +9
Assembly Line Testing
Test Orders 21 15 15 0
Recall Investigations 23 23 23 0
Notices of Violations
Tampering/Fuel Switching 367 400 400 0
* Revisions or reaffirmations
** New source categories and revisions. NESHAPs include air toxic standards
developed under other regulatory authorities.
NOTE: All outputs are incremental except as indicated.
2-7
-------
Research and
Development
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
AIR 2-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Air Quality Research 2-8
Scientific Assessment 2-15
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 2-16
Health Effects 2-18
Environmental Engineering and Technology 2-20
Environmental Processes and Effects 2-22
Characterization, Transport and Fate 2-23
Stratospheric Modification 2-25
-------
AIR
Air Quality Research
ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment
Air
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems.And
Quality Assurance - Air
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Health Effects - Air
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Air
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
And Effects - Air
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
$3
$2
$5
$6
$7
$14
$7
$13
$21
$3
$3
$7
$1
$2
,042
,147
,189
,304
,984
,289
,803
,563
,366
,508
,931
,440
$696
,384
,081
.8
.0
.8
.6
.5
.1
.0
.7
.7
.4
.8
.2
.7
.3
.0
$3
$2
$5
$6
$6
$13
$7
$13
$21
$3
$3
$6
$1
$2
,131
,391
,522
,581
,697
,278
,661
,604
,265
,416
,141
,558
$778
,301
,079
.6
.3
.9
.3
.1
.4
.8
.0
.8
.8
.2
.0
.8
.0
.8
$2
$2
$5
$6
$6
$13
$7
$13
$21
$3
$3
$6
$1
$2
,967
,217
,185
,478
,688
,167
,481
,604
,085
,391
,136
,528
$911
,301
,212
.6
.6
.2
.7
.8
.5
.0
.0
.0
.4
.9
.3
.5
.0
.5
$2
$2
$5
$6
$6
$12
$6
$18
$25
$4
$3
$7
$1
$2
,995
,216
,212
,344
,345
,689
,794
,374
,168
,028
,102
,130
$953
,301
,254
.1
.9
.0
.4
.0
.4
.8
.0
.8
.0
.7
.7
.0
.0
.0
$27.5
-$.7
$26.8
-$134.3
-$343.8
-$478.1
-$686.2
$4,770.0
$4,083.8
$636.6
-$34.2
$602.4
$41.5
$41.5
2-8
-------
AIR
Air Quality Research
ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Characterization,
Transport And Fate -
Air
Salaries & Expenses $3,538.9 $3,865.7 $3,742.9 $3,713.4 -$29.5
Research & Development $7,335.9 $7,336.7 $7,332.6 $8,332.6 $1,000.0
TOTAL $10,874.8 $11,202.4 $11,075.5 $12,046.0 $970.5
Stratospheric
Modification Program
Salaries & Expenses $353.4 $868.4 $924.4 $2,053.4 $1,129.0
Research & Development $3,888.6 $8,907.0 $8,907.0 $17,607.0 $8,700.0
TOTAL $4,242.0 $9,775.4 $9,831.4 $19,660.4 $9,829.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
$25,247.8 $26,304.4 $25,897.5 $26,882.1 $984.6
$40,235.8 $43,378.3 $43,187.9 $57,279.2 $14,091.3
Air Quality Research TOTAL $65,483.6 $69,682.7 $69,085.4 $84,161.3 $15,075.9
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Air
45.0
51.2
49.2
49.1
-.1
Monitoring Systems And
Quality Assurance - Air
Health Effects - Air
Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Air
Environmental Processes
And Effects - Air
112.1
9.5
113.0
107.4 120.1
59.9 57.8
13.8
112.2
13.8
102.0
117.3 115.0
57.6 57.5
13.8
-10.2
-2.3
-.1
2-9
-------
AIR
Air Quality Research
ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
Characterization,
Transport And Fate -
Air
Stratospheric
Modification Program
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
56.6
3.8
394.3
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
57.2 56.7 56.5
14.0
427.1
15.0
421.8
30.9
424.8
-.2
15.9
3.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Air
Monitoring Systems And
Quality Assurance - Air
Health Effects - Air
Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Air
Environmental Processes
And Effects - Air
Characterization,
Transport And Fate -
Air
Stratospheric
Modification Program
TOTAL WORKYEARS
49.2
113.3
10.5
59.6
4.5
413.7
51.2
113.0
13.8
57.2
14.0
427.1
49.2
112.2
13.8
56.7
15.0
421.8
49.1
102.0
116.0 120.1 117.3 115.0
60.6 57.8 57.6 57.5
13.8
56.5
30.9
424.8
-.1
-10.2
-2.3
-.1
-.2
15.9
3.0
2-10
-------
AIR
Air Quality Research
Principal Outputs by Objective
Objective 1: Provide Scientific Support to Develop and Review Primary and
Secondary National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).
1990: o Prepare External Review Drafts (ERD) for the nitrogen oxides and
carbon monoxide Air Quality Criteria Documents (AQCD) (Scientific
Assessment)
o Report on aerosol sources for the Eastern U.S. (Characterization)
o Report on response of the human respiratory tract to acute exposure
to acid aerosols (Health)
1989: o Complete supplement to the AQCD for ozone and other photochemical
oxidants (Scientific Assessment)
o Report on the effects of prolonged exposure (greater than six hours)
to ozone at or below current one-hour NAAQS (Health)
o Publication of a comprehensive research plan to determine the
effects of tropospheric ozone on U.S. forests (Environmental
Processes)
1988: o Report on pulmonary function response of normal subjects and
individuals with sensitive or diseased airways to ozone and nitrogen
dioxide (Health)
o Final report on the National Crop Loss Assessment Network (NCLAN)
(Environmental Processes)
Objective 2: Provide Scientific Support to Develop New Source Performance
Standards (NSPS) and State Implementation Plans (SIPs).
1990: o Report on the application of conventional particulate control
technology in major areas of concern (Engineering)
o Evaluation of the Regional Oxidant Model (ROM) using analytical test
data and new air quality data (Characterization)
o Report on area volatile organic compound (VOC) sources and control
options to support the Agency's post-1987 ozone non-attainment
strategy (Engineering)
1989: o Report on the development of an advanced process which utilizes
calcium silicate sorbents (ADVACATE) to control acid gases from
combustion sources (Engineering)
o Report on recommended modifications to the Complex Terrain Dispersion
Model (Characterization)
1988: o Report, recommendations, and supporting evidence on chemical
processes for use in regional ozone modeling (Characterization)
2-11
-------
Objective 3: Provide Scientific Support to Develop Regulations for Hazardous
Air Pollutants (HAPs).
1990:
1989:
1988:
o Report on retrofit technology for existing woodstoves (Engineering)
o Report on Boise field study of woodstove emissions (Engineering)
o Assessment of the contribution of wood burning and automobile
emissions to the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of airborne
pollutants (Health)
and carcinogenicity of
atmosphere from
o Assessment of the comparative mutagenicity
combustion source emissions (Health)
o Report on identities of HAPs produced in the
ubiquitous innocuous pollutants (Characterization)
o Final report on the TEAM studies of VOCs in Los Angeles, Baltimore,
and New Jersey (Monitoring)
o Journal article on the dosimetry of VOCs (Health)
o Journal article assessing HAPs resulting from light-duty vehicle
emissions (Characterization)
o Final report on TEAM study of indoor air in 10 buildings (Monitoring)
Objective 4:
Program.
Provide Scientific Support for the Mobile Source Regulatory
1990: o Journal article characterizing tailpipe, evaporative and refueling
emissions from gasoline fueled automobiles (Characterization)
o Assessment of the contribution of mobile source emissions to the
genotoxicity of ambient urban aerosol mixtures (Health)
1989: o Report on population exposure to mobile source pollutants for 1988
(Monitoring)
o Journal article evaluating emissions from diesels equipped with
advanced emission control technology (Characterization)
o Report on the effects of atmospheric transformation on the
mutagenicity of gaseous gasoline emissions (Health)
1988: o Article on the composition and rate of emissions during refueling
with data on the impact of control technologies (Characterization)
o Report on procedures for apportionment of observed ambient pollutant
concentrations to mobile sources (Characterization)
Objective 5: Provide Scientific Data on the Sources. Exposures, and Health
Effects Associated with Indoor Air Pollutants and Evaluate Control Strategies.
1990: o Report assessing the potential carcinogenicity of
emissions from unvented indoor kerosene heaters (HEALTH)
combustion
Report on human clinical studies assessing the effects of exposure to
volatile organic compounds found indoors (Health)
Develop personal computer model for evaluating indoor air quality
control options (Engineering)
Report on the Effectiveness of Air Cleaners for IAQ Control (Eng.)
2-12
-------
1988: o Report on indoor air monitoring methods development (Monitoring)
o- Report on the use of biomarkers for evaluating exposure to
environmental tobacco smoke in children (Health)
Objective 6: Provide Scientific Data to Determine the Effects of Stratospheric
Ozone Depletion and Evaluate Control Strategies ^
1990: o Report on the effects of UV-B radiation on rice yield (Strat Mod")
o Development of a predictive UV-B dose response model for commercially
important fish (Strat Mod)
o Establish domestic monitoring network for ground-level UV-B
irradiation (Strat Mod)
1989: o Biennial Congressional Report on ozone depletion (Strat Mod)
o Report on the most important fisheries resources likely to be
affected by UV-B radiation, both in terms of resource significance
and sensitivity (Strat Mod)
1988: o Report on nitrous oxide emissions from combustion sources (Strat Mod)
o Report on UV-B radiation effects on agro-ecosystems (Strat Mod)
Objective 7: Provide Scientific Data to Determine the Effects of Global
Warming and Evaluate Control Strategies
1990: o Report on surface water responses to altered temperature and
precipitation regimes for the contiguous United States (Strat Mod).
o Evaluate feedbacks from ecosystem and land-use changes, including
changes in tropical forests, to changes in climate (Strat Mod)
o Descriptions of emissions from agricultural and unmanaged ecosystems
(Strat Mod)
1989: o Interim Assessment of the response of terrestrial ecosystems to
changing climactic conditions, with the first estimates of landscape
sensitivity (Strat Mod)
o Evaluation of air quality changes due to changes in tropospheric
chemical reactions sensitive to climate change (Strat Mod)
1988: o Completed case studies in several regions of the U.S. for inclusion
in the Congressional Report on the potential effects of climate
change (Strat Mod)
o Draft five-year research plan for stratospheric ozone research on
emissions, atmospheric alterations and ecological effects (Strat Mod)
Objective 8: Provide Scientific Data and Support to the National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-III)
1990: o Status report on NHANES-III cooperative research (Health)
1989: o Status report on NHANES-III cooperative research (Health)
1988: o Initiate cooperative research project under NHANES-III (Health)
2-13
-------
AIR
Air Quality Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $84,161,300 supported by 424.8 total
workyears for 1990 an increase of $15,075,900 and 3.0 total workyears from
1989. Of the request, $26,882,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $57,279,200 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation, increases of $984,600 and $14,091,300 respectively.
Program Objectives
This research program provides the scientific and technical support
necessary for the Agency to carry out its regulatory and information transfer
responsibilities under the Clean Air Act. The following objectives support
these efforts:
Objective 1. Provide Scientific Support to Develop and Review Primary and
Secondary NAAQS. This research program provides the scientific data needed to
issue and revise national standards for emissions of criteria air pollutants.
Objective 2. Provide Scientific Support to Develop NSPS and SIPs. ' This
research supports issuance and revision of New Source Performance Standards and
State Implementation Plans through development of models and monitoring
techniques for air pollutants and engineering studies of control technologies.
Objective 3. Provide Scientific Support to Develop Regulations for
Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs). Under this objective, EPA conducts research
to identify and control emissions of air pollutants from a variety of sources
that are hazardous to human health but are not already regulated as criteria
air pollutants.
Objective 4. Provide Scientific Support for the Mobile Source Regulatory
Program. This research evaluates emissions, exposure patterns, and health
effects of mobile source pollutants.
Objective 5. Provide Scientific Data on the Sources. Exposures, and
Health Effects Associated with Indoor Air Pollutants and Evaluate Control
Strategies. Research conducted under this objective supports the Agency's
efforts to inform the public about hazards associated with indoor air
pollutants and to develop methods to control emissions from major sources.
Objective 6. Provide Scientific Data to Determine the Effects of
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Evaluate Control Strategies. This research
program provides data on the effects of stratospheric ozone depletion and the
resulting increases in harmful (UV-B) radiation on humans, plants, and
ecosystems.
2-14
-------
Objective 7. Provide Scientific Data to Determine the Effects of Global
Warming and Evaluate Control Strategies. This objective provides the research
needed to determine the regional consequences of global climate change and to
improve emissions estimates of greenhouse gases, specifically methane and
nitrous oxide.
Objective 8. Provide Scientific Support to the National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-III). Activities in support of this
objective will provide national baseline data on the health status of a
statistically representative sample of Americans. The data will be useful for
testing hypotheses about the health effects associated with some environmental
pollutants.
Objective 9. Provide Support for the Health Effects Institute (HEI). HEI
conducts research on the health effects of motor vehicle emissions and is
jointly funded by the Agency and private industry.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,212,000 supported by 49.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,995,100 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,216,900 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $27,500 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, a decrease of $700 in the Research and Development
appropriation, and a decrease of 0.1 total workyears. The increase in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects increased -personnel and support
costs, the decrease in the Research and Development appropriation reflects a
slight reduction in support for NAAQS assessments, and the workyear reduction
reflects a consolidation of resources for the Regional Scientists Program
within the Interdisciplinary media.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop and Review Primary and Secondary
NAAQS. Recent health studies and other new scientific data will be reviewed
for several air pollutants to support the Agency's statutory mandate to revise
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) every five years. These data
will be evaluated in Air Quality Criteria Documents (AQCD) which are the
primary source of information used by EPA regulatory decision makers in setting
or revising NAAQS. In 1990, a draft of the nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide
AQCDs will be issued for comment and data will be collected to support revision
of the particulate matter AQCD. In addition, data on the health effects of
acid aerosols will continue to be evaluated.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop Regulations for Hazardous Air
Pollutants. In order to provide the Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) with the
information needed to make regulatory decisions on specific hazardous air
pollutants, final comprehensive Health Assessment Documents (HADs) will be
completed for one chemical and External Review Drafts (ERDS) will be prepared
for one to three chemicals. Tier 1 screening documents, the initial review of
pertinent health effects data on potential HAPs, will also be completed for two
to four chemicals. Other activities will include: assessments of health data
for potential HAPs by source category; technical assistance to Regions and
2-15
-------
states on air toxics issues through the Air Risk Information Support Center
(Air RISC); and work on inhalation reference doses for air toxics.
Provide Scientific Data on the Sources. Exposures, and Health Effects
Associated with Indoor Air Pollutants and Evaluate Control Strategies. In
support of the Agency's Indoor Air Quality Implementation Plan, risk
assessments for indoor air pollutants will be conducted. These assessments,
which are based on the results of laboratory studies and available literature,
will be disseminated by EPA to other Federal agencies, state and local
governments, and the general public.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,185,200 supported by 49.2
total workyears for this program, of which $2,967,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,217,600 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. Support for NAAQS assessments in 1989 includes: work on
revising the AQCDs for particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and carbon
monoxide; completion of a supplement to the ozone AQCD; and preparation of a
final paper on the health effects of acid aerosols. Air toxics work includes
the first assessment of health data on a source-category basis (hospital
incinerators). Finally, indoor air health risk assessments are being initiated
to inform other Federal agencies, state and local governments, and the general
public about the potential risks of exposure to indoor air pollutants.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $5,189,800 supported by 49.2
total workyears for this program, of which $3,042,800 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,147,000 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. Work on revising the nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide AQCDs
was conducted and an issue paper on the health effects of acid aerosols was
prepared for external review. Two HADs, two ERDs, and three Tier 1 screening
documents for HAPs identified for study by the Office of Air and Radiation
(OAR) were also completed.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,689,400 supported by 102.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $6,344,400 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,345,000 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $134,300 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, a decrease of $343,800 in the Research and Development
appropriation, and a decrease of 10.2 total workyears. The reduction in
resources reflects the net transfer of the TEAM (Total Exposure Assessment
Methodology) program to the Interdisciplinary media and an increase to initiate
research on measurement techniques to characterize ambient acid aerosol levels.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop and Review Primary and Secondary
NAAQS. As state and local officials implement the particulate matter NAAQS,
improved methods are needed to refine measurements of particulates in the
2-16
-------
ambient air. Erroneous measurement techniques may lead to unnecessarily costly
control strategies or, conversely, failure to address potential health hazards.
As a result, the 1990 research program will evaluate cost-effective
methodologies for measuring particulates. This effort includes an evaluation
of PM^g continuous monitors and development of an aerosol classifier for
determining particle size distributions. The Agency will also initiate a
program to develop and improve methods for measuring human exposure to acid
aerosols. Specifically, this research will include measurements of indoor and
outdoor concentrations, improvement of existing instruments and measurement
methods, and development of instruments which can quickly determine peak
exposures. Finally, other ambient monitoring systems for existing criteria
pollutants will be evaluated, improved, and standardized.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop NSPS and SIPs. To ensure the
accuracy and precision of data used for NSPS and SIPs regulatory and
enforcement decisions, source measurement methodologies and" quality assurance
techniques will be developed for a variety of pollutants with emphasis on fine
particles; quality assurance for the source monitoring program will be provided
to other Agency offices, states, and Regions; and certified reference materials
for users will be distributed. In addition, three-dimensional data in real-
time intervals will be obtained using Light Induced Detection and Ranging
(LIDAR) techniques which are faster than fixed site monitoring and will provide
a quick way to make three dimensional area comparisons of selected pollutants.
Several monitoring and quality assurance activities will be moved from the
NAAQS objective into this objective in 1990 because they pertain directly to
SIPs rather than NAAQS development.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop Regulations for Hazardous Air
Pollutants. Source emission monitoring is needed to set the National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants mandated by the Clean Air Act (CAA) and
to determine compliance with these standards. In support of this goal, efforts
will focus on completing methodologies for ensuring compliance with existing
NESHAPS and conducting research to develop, evaluate and standardize monitoring
systems for. ambient and stationary sources. Specific methods are needed for
asbestos, cadmium, nickel, and gaseous organics. Measurement techniques such
as selective detectors and portable monitors will also be investigated to
improve the surveillance and control of industrial sources. The Integrated Air
Cancer Project (IACP), a multidisciplinary research program to quantify
exposure to airborne pollutants, will emphasize methods development for both
indoor and outdoor detection of carcinogenic HAPs.
Provide Scientific Support to the Mobile Source Regulatory Program. This
research will focus on improving the data base on actual human exposure to
mobile source pollutants. A general methodology for measuring population
exposure to carbon monoxide emitted from mobile sources has been successfully
field tested. This method will be extended to other mobile source pollutants.
In addition, data on human activity patterns and statistical models which
predict human exposures to pollutants while traveling will be evaluated.
Provide Scientific Data on the Sources. Exposures, and Health Effects
Associated with Indoor Air Pollutants and Evaluate Control Strategies. Based
on the human exposure research needs identified by the Total Human Exposure
Research Council and the Agency's Indoor Air Quality Implementation Plan,
indoor air monitoring research will focus on special microenvironments (e.g.
2-17
-------
homes, buildings). Studies will be conducted to develop and refine low-cost
personal and area monitors and, based on the results of an earlier field study,
survey and measurement methods will be refined and used to relate indoor air
quality to exposure.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $13,167,500 supported by
112.2 total workyears for this program, of which $6,478,700 is from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $6,688,800 is from the Research and
Development appropriation. Ambient air and stationary source monitoring
systems, including remote sensing and personal monitors, are being evaluated
and improved to help determine air quality trends, support compliance with
standards, and meet enforcement needs. The Toxic Air Monitoring Stations
(TAMS) are supporting efforts to determine the presence and concentrations of
hazardous air pollutants in urban environments. Human exposure monitoring
studies are also being carried out through the Integrated Air Cancer Program
(IACP), which is focusing on emissions from residential oil burners,
residential wood combustion, and automotive emissions, and the TEAM studies,
which are focusing on exposure to volatile organic compounds and particulates.
Indoor air monitoring research is focused on developing indoor air samplers and
quantifying indoor exposures. Quality assurance support emphasizes the
development of standard reference materials.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a!total of $14,289,100 supported by 113.3
total workyears for this program, of which $6,304,600 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,984,500 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. Specific 1988 accomplishments included: a report on LIDAR R&D
and applications; evaluation of a PM^o monitoring methodology; development and
evaluation of source monitoring methods for HAPs; the operation and findings
from TAMS; a report on population exposure to mobile source pollutants;
completion of the TEAM field work on human exposure to VOCs in Los Angeles,
Baltimore and New Jersey; and the final report on a five-year study of indoor
air quality in ten buildings.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $25,168,800 supported by 115.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $6,794,800 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $18,374,000 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $686,200 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $4,770,000 in the Research and
Development appropriation, and a decrease of 2.3 total workyears. The increase
in the Research and Development appropriation will provide funding to equip the
new clinical research facility planned for Chapel Hill, NC. The decrease in
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and in workyears reflects a reduction
in support for in-house research on the health effects of hazardous air
pollutants and several criteria pollutants including lead.
2-18
-------
Provide Scientific Support to Develop and Review Primary and Secondary
NAAOS. Acute, chronic, and sub-chronic exposure to criteria pollutants will be
investigated to support the CAA mandate for periodic reviews of NAAQS and to
refine the toxicological and epidemiological data base relevant to criteria
pollutants. The respiratory and immunological effects of ozone, acid aerosols,
particles, and to a lesser degree, NC>2 will be emphasized. The relationship
between long-term exposure to urban patterns of ozone and the onset or
exacerbation of chronic lung disease and the pulmonary effects associated with
exposure to acid aerosols will be studied. Data from the epidemiology study of
lung cancer in China will be evaluated to determine the impact of exposure to
particulates and sulfur oxides on both lung cancer and respiratory function.
Finally, to support the human inhalation studies conducted under this research
program, additional resources will be provided to procure equipment for the new
clinical research facility at Chapel Hill, NC.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop Regulations for Hazardous Air
Pollutants. Based on priorities identified within the Office of Research and
Development and by Agency regulatory offices, this research program will
evaluate whether prolonged exposures to ambient levels of potential HAPs poses
a significant health risk. In support of this effort, the IACP will examine
possible marker compounds associated with exposures from residential oil
burners, residential wood combustion, and automotive emissions. Tier I
bioassays will also be conducted to assess the mutagenic and carcinogenic
effects of exposure to individual hazardous chemicals and urban mixtures.
Finally, dose-response assays for several compounds will emphasize the effects
of acute exposures and dosimetry studies will focus on pulmonary deposition.
Provide Scientific Support to the Mobile Source Regulatory Program. This
research program will produce data for -the Office of Mobile Sources (QMS) on
the public health and welfare risks resulting from exposure to automotive
emissions and their atmospheric transformation products. Research on the
carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of motor vehicle fuels and additives,
including methanol, will be conducted. The data collected will be used in
health risk assessments for mobile source pollutants.
Provide Scientific Data on the Sources. Exposures, and Health Effects
Associated with Indoor Pollutants and Evaluate Control Strategies. One of the
primary goals of the Agency's Indoor Air Quality Implementation Plan is to
determine the health risks posed to the general population by exposure to
indoor air pollutants. In support of this goal, health effects studies will be
conducted on environmental tobacco smoke and volatile organic compounds
identified in characterization studies. The health effects associated with the
"sick building syndrome" will also be studied. Results from these studies will
be used to develop indoor air health risk assessments.
Provide Support for the Health Effects Institute (HEI). Research will
focus on human dose response characterization, and the quantification of human
risk from mobile source pollutants with increased attention on major
uncertainties concerning unregulated automotive pollutants. Federal funding
for HEI research will be matched by contributions from manufacturers and
marketers of motor vehicles.
2-19
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Provide Scientific Support to the National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES-III). EPA is one of several Federal agencies
providing support to the National Center for Health Statistics third national
health survey. Support for the data collection phase, which includes
interviews, physical examinations, and diagnostic and biomedical testing of a
statistically representative sample of Americans, will be provided in 1990.
The information obtained, including information on certain pollutants of
regulatory concern, such as lead, cadmium and certain volatile organic
compounds, will be used to develop important national baseline data on the
general health status of the U.S. population. Specific data on respiratory, and
neurological diseases will be provided.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $21,085,000 supported by
117.3 total workyears for this program, of which $7,481,000 is from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $13,604,000 is from the Research and
Development appropriation. Acute, chronic and sub-chronic exposures to ozone
and other NAAQS pollutants are being studied with emphasis on determining
respiratory, metabolic, and immune system effects. The relationship between
exposure and respiratory disease is being defined through epidemiology studies
of N02, 03, S02, and acid aerosols. Indoor air health effects studies are
focusing on improving biomarkers and determining the health effects of indoor
VOCs and combustion source emissions. In addition, the toxicity of air
pollutants emitted from mobile sources is being studied by HEI and support to
initiate the data collection phase of NHANES-III is being provided.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $21,366,700 supported by 116.0
total workyears for this program, of which $7,803,000 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $13,563,700 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. Twenty five reports/articles were issued addressing a wide
variety of research areas including the effects on human health resulting from
exposure to criteria pollutants, hazardous air pollutants, and mobile source
pollutants.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,130,700 supported by 57.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,028,000 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,102,700 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $636,600 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, a decrease of $34,200 in the Research and Development
appropriation, and a decrease of 0.1 total workyears. The increase in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects an enhancement for indoor air
source characterization studies and increased personnel and support costs, the
decrease in the Research and Development appropriation reflects a slight
decrease in research to assess air pollutant control options, and the workyear
reduction reflects a consolidation of resources for the Regional Scientist
Program within the Interdisciplinary media.
2-20
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Provide Support to Develop NSPS and SIPs. Research to support
development, review, and enforcement of NSPS and SIPs will focus on: testing a
low cost dry calcium silicate injection process (ADVACATE) to reduce emissions
of S02 and NOX from new power plants and other emitting sources; evaluating
selective catalyst reduction as a means of NOx reduction; resolving high
priority attainment problems including technical barriers associated with PM^o
and ozone attainment; and developing options for controlling area VOC emissions
which contribute to ozone formation.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop Regulations for Hazardous Air
Pollutants. Section 112 of the Clean Air Act directs EPA to provide
information on control technologies for hazardous air pollutants. To enhance
the Agency's capability in this area and to protect the public health from HAP
emissions, resources will be provided to support the Agency's Air Toxics
Control Implementation Strategy. The Air Toxics Control Technology Center
(CTC) will be expanded to assist state and local agencies and Regions implement
air toxics control programs. The CTC will have a rapid-response decision
capability based on generic control technology research being done on carbon
adsorption, catalytic oxidation, flares, and particle controls. Focused
control assessments and technology development will be conducted for key air
toxic sources such as woodstoves.
Provide Scientific Data on the Sources. Exposures, and Health Effects
Associated with Indoor Air. Pollutants and Evaluate Control Strategies. In
support of the Agency's Indoor Air Quality Implementation Plan, cost-effective
indoor air quality control techniques for both residences and large buildings
will _be demonstrated, tested, and evaluated. These techniques include
modifying pollutant sources and studying, both gaseous and particulate
filtration strategies. The use of increased temperature and ventilation during
occupied periods to reduce indoor exposures to volatile organic compounds in
new and remodelled buildings will also be studied. Source characterization
research will focus on determining the contribution of various sources
including building materials and ventilation systems to indoor air pollution.
1989 Program
In 1989 the Agency is allocating a total of $6,528,300 supported by 57.6
total workyears for this program, of which $3,391,400 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,136,900 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. Activities being conducted include: evaluating control
technologies for SC>2 and NOX to support NAAQS compliance; technical support to
Regions and states for NSPS compliance; .control assessments and technology
development for key air toxics sources such as woodstoves; providing
information to states and localities on the latest technologies for reducing
emissions of HAPs; and technical support to program offices, Regions, states
and localities to assist them attain ozone standards. In addition, the
multidisciplinary indoor air research program is evaluating air cleaners to
determine their effectiveness in removing particles and organic vapors from
indoor air.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $7,440,200 supported by 60.6
total workyears for this program, of which $3,508,400 was from the Salaries and
2-21
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Expenses appropriation and $3,931,800 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. Technical support for NSPS compliance and new source control
evaluations was provided to Regions and states and control assessments and
technology development were done for key air toxics sources. A survey was
initiated to determine engineering needs, especially VOC control, for ozone
attainment. Indoor Air source characterization and control technology studies
were also expanded.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,254,000 supported by 13.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $953,000 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,301,000 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $41,500 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation with no change in the Research and Development
appropriation or total workyears. The increase in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation reflects increased personnel and support costs.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop and Review Primary and Secondary
NAAQS. Data from EPA's acid deposition research efforts and other air
pollution research efforts indicate that tropospheric ozone may have
significant adverse impacts on forests. Therefore, the impact of ozone damage
on economically and ecologically significant forest species will be assessed.
Research on tree responses will begin to assess the risk from ozone on major
commercially valuable forest tree species in areas that are most at risk.
EPA's research program will be closely coordinated with the Departments of
Agriculture, Interior, and Energy, as well as private industry research
organizations such as the Electrical Power Research Institute and the National
Council for Air and Stream Improvements.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,212,500 supported by 13.8
total workyears for this program, of which $911,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,301,000 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. Research to determine the ecological effects of tropospheric
ozone on forests is being conducted, with emphasis on species of economic
importance. Selected forest species are being exposed to ozone levels which
are likely to occur in forest regions of the U.S.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $2,081,000 supported by 10.5
total workyears for this program, of which $696,700 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,384,300 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. The forest effects of ozone research plan was completed and
peer-reviewed and exposure studies on target tree species were initiated. A
final report on the NCLAN international scientific meeting was also prepared.
2-22
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CHARACTERIZATION. TRANSPORT. AND FATE
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,046,000 supported by 56.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,713,400 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $8,332,600 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $29,500 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $1,000,000 in the Research and
Development appropriation, and a decrease of 0.2 total workyears. The increase
in the Research and Development appropriation reflects an increase in
atmospheric transport and fate research on acid aerosols arid ozone, the
decrease in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a slight decrease
in research on the transport of mobile source pollutants, and the workyear
reduction reflects a consolidation of resources for the Regional Scientist
Program within the Interdisciplinary media.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop and Review Primary and Secondary
NAAQS. There is a growing public concern over the degradation of visibility and
several states have requested that the Agency conduct research on this problem.
Research will focus on the adverse effects of visibility reduction.
Specifically, air quality data obtained through field programs will be used to
provide a risk assessment for particulate matter damage to materials. An
integrated program will also be initiated to study acid aerosol formation and
neutralization. The effort will begin to focus on determining the temporal and
spatial distributions of acid aerosols in the atmosphere and understanding the
atmospheric processes associated with their formation and removal,
Provide Scientific S-upport to Develop NSPS and SIPs. To comply with the
Clean Air Act, the states and EPA must have air quality models to develop and
review SIPs for urban ozone. To assist in that regard, an evaluated chemical
mechanism that predicts ozone formation will be provided to the program office
for use by state governments in preparing ozone SIPs. Laboratory studies will
be conducted to assess the atmospheric chemistry of formaldehyde, an ozone
precursor. Data from the 1988 acid deposition field study will be used to
evaluate the Regional Particulate Model to improve its use for PM^Q attainment
strategies. To develop urban scale particulate models, studies of urban
boundary conditions will be undertaken, using 1989 regional mass measurement
field study data. A fugitive dust field study will be conducted to improve
emission factors for particle size distribution from roadways and construction
sites. The User's Network for Applied Modeling of Air Pollution (UNAMAP), a
program to transfer air quality modeling . technology to State and local
officials, will also be updated to provide 23 air quality models for use in
NAAQS attainment.
The Regional Oxidant Model (ROM), which has been developed to test and
evaluate control strategies for ozone abatement in the Northeastern U.S., will
be expanded for application to other regions of the U.S., such as the
Southeast. In order to expand the ROM to other non-attainment areas outside
the Northeast, regional differences in hydrocarbon emissions, meteorology, and
geography must be analyzed. The initial emphasis will focus on the Southeast,
where emissions data bases and meteorological data will be collected and
prepared to support this effort. ROM will be upgraded in terms of its ability
to predict both atmospheric transport and chemistry of ozone pollution.
2-23
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Provide Scientific Support to Develop Regulations for Hazardous Air
Pollutants. To support the Agency's new 5-year Urban Air Toxics Program and to
meet the mandate in the CAA to identify unregulated pollutants hazardous to
human health and the environment, laboratory and field studies will be
conducted to determine the atmospheric reaction rates and transformation
products of hazardous air pollutants under Agency review. The chemistry of
these pollutants will be studied under conditions that simulate atmospheric
conditions. Studies will be conducted to identify hazardous pollutants formed
in the atmosphere from innocuous air pollutants emitted from a variety of
sources and field measurements will quantify the ambient concentration
variabilities of hazardous pollutants in the urban atmosphere. In addition, as
part of EPA's Integrated Air Cancer Project, the formation, stability, and
transformation of volatile and aerosol bound organics will be examined.
Provide Scientific Support to the Mobile Source Regulatory Program. To
assess the potential risk to public health and welfare and to support the
Office of Mobile Sources regulatory program, research will characterize both
regulated and selected unregulated emissions. The impact of mobile source
control technologies on evaporative and automobile exhaust emissions will be
evaluated and analytical procedures will be developed to characterize motor
vehicle emissions. Procedures will also be developed for laboratory simulation
of roadway driving conditions and tailpipe, evaporative, and refueling
emissions from vehicles powered by gasoline or methanol blend fuels. Emissions
will be characterized based on vehicle configuration, fuel composition and
operating variables such as speed, load, and temperature.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $11,075,500 supported by 56.7
total workyears for this program, of which $3,742,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,332,600 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. Improved chemical models are being developed which will reduce
errors or uncertainties in predicting ozone formation associated with precursor
emissions of VOCs and NOX. Other ozone work underway includes evaluation of
the ROM against data obtained during several field studies and application of
the ROM to determine impacts of simulated VOC and NOX emission controls on
ozone air quality. The impact of atmospheric levels of fine particulate matter
on visibility reduction, including the relationship of fine particles and haze
patterns in the Eastern United States, is also being studied.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $10,874,800 supported by 59.6
total workyears for this program, of which $3,538,900 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,335,900 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. Studies were completed on haze patterns over the Eastern United
States and regional scale ozone modeling techniques were applied to investigate
the impact of hydrocarbon emissions from treatment, storage and disposal
facilities on ambient ozone levels. A study was also completed on the
influence of ambient temperature on tailpipe emissions from light duty gasoline
motor vehicles.
2-24
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STRATOSPHERIC MODIFICATION
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $19,660,400 supported by 30.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,053,400 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $17,607,000 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents increases of $1,129,000 and $8,700,000
respectively, and an increase of 15.9 total workyears. This resource increase
will be used to significantly enhance the global warming research program.
Data from this program will provide policy-makers with the foundation to
reliably project potential regional environmental consequences of global
warming.
Provide Scientific Data to Determine the Effects of Stratospheric Ozone
Depletion and Evaluate Control Technologies. Through the Montreal Protocol,
the international community has formally identified depletion of the
stratospheric ozone layer as one of the most important environmental problems
facing the world today. To address the scientific uncertainties associated
with ozone depletion, the Agency will conduct a multidiscipinary research
program that will determine the impacts of increased UV-B radiation on
terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and human health; investigate mitigative
solutions; and continue work on a ground-based UV-B monitoring network with
international linkages. Terrestrial effects studies will emphasize the impact
of UV-B levels (dose) and other widespread anthropogenic factors such as global
climate change arid tropospheric ozone on agricultural and forested ecosystems.
Aquatic effects research will focus on determining UV-B effects on the marine
food chain and fisheries production. Research results will be disseminated
within the U.S. and to developing nations.
Provide Scientific Data to Determine the Effects of Global Warming and
Evaluate Control Strategies. The potential impact of global climate change
could pose the largest and most significant long-term man-made environmental
problem of the future. To provide policy-makers with reliable projections on
the potential for global warming and its environmental consequences, the
current research program will be expanded substantially. The 1990 program will
focus on regional-scale effects including the impact of climate change on key
ecosystems (such as boreal forests). The proposed research, which has been
coordinated with other Federal agencies such as NASA, NOAA, and the DOE, will
emphasize estimating potential changes in such major resources as forested
ecosystems and surface water. Also,, emissions research will develop data for
source/sink relationships for a variety of radiative trace gases, and evaluate
potential emission management techniques. Atmospheric modeling will expand to
include estimates of global consequences of tropospheric air-quality changes.
Possible climatic conditions resulting from global warming will be developed
for a wide variety of regional situations. Finally, research will be initiated
on the effects of global warming on tropical vegetation and bio-diversity; the
possible consequences of reforestation strategies on total carbon and nitrogen
levels; and analysis of global monitoring data for trace gases.
2-25
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1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,831,400 supported by 15.0
total workyears for this program, of which $924,400 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $8,907,000 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. In response to increasing national and international concern
over depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer and the potential for
significant global temperature increases over the next several decades, the
Agency is expanding research on the ecological and human health effects
associated with these atmospheric changes. This research is providing Agency
policy-makers with the data needed to direct and develop an integrated national
strategy to address these global environmental problems. The stratospheric
ozone depletion research program is compiling and analyzing data from in-house,
national, and international sources to produce a scientific assessment on the
adverse effects of stratospheric ozone depletion. Specifically, research
includes: studies on the effects of increased UV-B radiation on human health
and important aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Also, a ground-based UV-B
monitoring network is being developed. The global climate research program is
studying ecological system sensitivities to climate changes and developing
regional maps of the projected consequences of climate change. Methods needed
to assess ecological responses are being developed to estimate the potential
changes in such major resources as forested ecosystems, and surface water
availability. Emissions research on greenhouse gases such as nitrous oxide
and methane includes development of emissions factors models and evaluation of
existing and potential emission management techniques. Atmospheric modeling
research is also expanding to develop estimates of regional consequences of
tropospheric and stratospheric air quality changes.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $4,242,000 supported by 4.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $353,400 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,888,600 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. Emissions estimates research and regional effects case studies
were conducted to contribute to the Congressional Report on the potential
effects of global climate change. Other accomplishments include compiling data
on nitrous oxide emissions, initiating evaluations of forest models for
response in changing climate, initiation of an investigation of climate
variability in the U. S., and research to support the scientific assessment
called for by the Montreal Protocol.
2-26
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Abatement
and Control
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
AIR 2-1
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Air Quality and Stationary Source Planning and Standards .... 2-27
Emission Standards and Technology Assessment 2-29
National Pollutant Policies, Strategies and Rules 2-31
State Program Guidelines and Air Standards Development 2-34
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control and Fuel Economy 2-37
Emission Standards, Technical Assessment and Characterization. . 2-39
Testing, Technical and Administrative Support 2-40
Emissions and Fuel Economy Compliance 2-42
State Programs Resource Assistance 2-44
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 105 Grants) . . 2-45
Training 2-48
Air Quality Management Implementation 2-49
Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment 2-53
. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring . 2-55
Air Quality and Emissions Data Management and.Analysis 2-57
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AIR
Air Quality and Stationary Source Planning and Standards
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Emission Standards &
Technology Assessment
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$5,569.1
$7,466.4
$4,624.8
$5,699.7
$5,274.1
$5,478.7
$5,525.6
$8,628.7
TOTAL $13,035.5 $10,324.5 $10,752.8 $14,154.3
$251.5
$3,150.0
$3,401.5
National Pollutant
Policies, Strategies &
Rules
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$4,345.8 $5,200.1 $1,796.1 $2,141.2 $345.1
$7,267.8 $11,697.9 ; $9,435.6 $7,935:6 -$1,500.0
TOTAL $11,613.6 $16,898.0 $11,231.7 $10,076.8 -$1,154.9
State Program
Guidelines & Air
Standards Development
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$3,163.2
$763.0
$3,455.2
$1,376.6
$5,518.6.
$2,952.1
$5,855.9
$4,752.1
$337.3
$1,800.0
TOTAL $3,926.2 $4,831.8 $8,470.7 $10,608.0 $2,137.3
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Air Quality &
Stationary Source
Planning & Standards
$13,078.1 $13,280.1 $12,588.8 $13,522.7 $933.9
$15,497.2 $18,774.2 $17,866.4 $21,316.4 $3,450.0
TOTAL $28,575.3 $32,054.3 $30,455.2 $34,839.1 $4,383.9
2-27
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AIR
Air Quality and Stationary Source Planning and Standards
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Emission Standards &
Technology Assessment
National Pollutant
Policies, Strategies &
Rules
State Program
Guidelines & Air
Standards Development
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
101.7
70.7
60.8
233.2
93.2
76.8
63.3
233.3
94.7
31.3
98.8
224.8
94.7
36.3
100.3
231.3
5.0
1.5
6.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Emission Standards &
Technology Assessment
National Pollutant
Policies, Strategies &
Rules
State Program
Guidelines & Air
Standards Development
TOTAL WORKYEARS
104.1
74.7
62.7
241.5
93.2
76.8
63.3
233.3
94.7
31.3
98.8
224.8
94.7
36.3
100.3
231.3
5.0
1.5
6.5
2-28
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AIR
Air Quality and Stationary Source Planning and Standards
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $34,839,100 supported by 231.3 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $4,383,900 and 6.5 total workyears from
1989. Of the request, $13,522,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $21,316,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation of $933,900 and an increase of $3,450,000 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.
EMISSION STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,154,300 supported by 94.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $5,525,600 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $8,628,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $251,500 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $3,150,000 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and no change in total
workyears from 1989. The increases will provide implementation support on
control technology for ozone and size-specific particulate matter (PM^g)
programs as well as support for development of a national rule on hospital
waste incineration.
A major program emphasis in 1990 will continue to be air toxics, including
development of standards under National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants (NESHAPs) and other authorities and regulatory decisions for high
priority pollutants/source categories. During 1990 the program includes
development of NESHAPs for asbestos (revision), coke oven emissions, dry
cleaning, degreasing, machinery manufacturing/rebuilding, ethylene oxide,
hazardous organic NESHAP, chromium (one NESHAP, one Toxic Substances Control
Act (TSCA) rule), and two new NESHAPs from the pollutant/source category
priority list; development of NSPSs for municipal landfills and municipal
waste combustion including section lll(d) guidelines; a control technology
document (CTD) for wastewater facilities; and regulatory decisions for five to
ten pollutant/source categories. In addition, work will continue on
development of a national rule on hospital waste incineration.
In 1990 six New Source Performance Standards (NSPSs) will be promulgated
and two of the remaining six NSPSs on the priority list will be under
development. These NSPSs will provide information useful to the states for
sustained progress toward meeting the ozone air quality program requirements.
2-29
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Support for technology transfer to state and local agencies on ozone and
air toxics will continue through the National Air Toxics Information
Clearinghouse (NATICH) , the Control Technology Center (CTC) , the Air Risk
Information Support Center (AirRISC) , and the Best Available Control
Technology/Lowest Achievable Emission Rate (BACT/LAER) Clearinghouse.
In 1990 the program includes support for the development of CTDs . For
ozone, work will begin on 11 documents which identify available emission
control technologies for source categories that are unregulated by State
Implementation Plans (SIPs). The 11 source categories include point sources
and area sources that contribute more than 480,000 tons per year of volatile
organic compound (VOC) emissions in nonattainment areas. For PM^Q, documents
will be under development which identify emission controls for non- traditional
sources, such as rural fugitive dust and residential woodstoves. The program
also includes support for effective transfer of this information to state and
local agencies.
1989 Program
In 1989 the Agency is allocating a total of $10,752,800 supported by 94.7
total workyears to this program, of which $5,274,100 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,478,700 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1989 NSPS development continues. Work continues on 13 priority list
NSPSs, but development of the final six NSPSs on the list has been deferred due
to higher priority work. Other activities include litigation work relating to
particulate matter, nitrogen oxide (NOX) , and sulfur dioxide (S02) emissions
from industrial boilers; and implementation support to states for ozone and
SIP development.
Notices of Intent to List (NITL) under section 112 have been published for
ten pollutants (butadiene, carbon tetrachloride , cadmium, chromium, ethylene
dichloride, chloroform, perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene , ethylene oxide,
and methylene chloride) . The current program is oriented toward regulation of
source categories that emit these ten pollutants; development of NESHAPs for
coke oven emissions; settling NESHAPs litigations on benzene, arsenic, and
vinyl chloride; and making regulatory decisions on new pollutant/source
category combinations that warrant Federal regulations. Work continues on the
proposal of standards for municipal landfills and municipal waste combustors.
Work has begun on the development of a national rule for hospital waste
incineration.
Consistent with the National Air Toxics Strategy, implementation support
is also being provided to state air toxic pollutant control programs. This
support is being provided through the operation of four centers and
clearinghouses and the publication of implementation support and technology
transfer documents for air toxics and ozone control.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of $13,035,500 supported by 104.1
total workyears, of which $5,569,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $7,466,400 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
2-30
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appropriation.
In 1988 three NSPSs were promulgated, rules were proposed for chromium
(comfort cooling towers) under TSCA, and the proposed response to benzene
litigation was published along with proposed benzene NESHAPs for four source
categories.
NATIONAL POLLUTANT POLICIES. STRATEGIES AND RULES
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,076,800 supported by 36.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,141,200 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,935,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $345,100 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, a decrease of $1,500,000 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation and an increase of 5.0 total workyears.
The increases reflect increased personnel and support costs to implement indoor
air pollution building studies and an information clearinghouse and a program
to charge market value for chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and halon production. The
decrease reflects anticipated completion of certain stratospheric ozone
depletion studies and regulatory development activities in 1989.
In 1990 the Indoor Air Program will consist of policy analyses,
coordination within the Federal establishment, participation in a North
Atlantic Treaty Organization Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society
pilot study on indoor air quality, development and issuance of additional fact
sheets on key aspects of the indoor air quality problem, and development of
more guidance for building owners. The Indoor Air Program will maintain and
expand contact with appropriate private sector organizations and state and
local agencies involved in indoor air quality activities. Additional
information will be provided on risk and economic effects of indoor air
pollutants. The program will expand its analysis and conduct field studies and
surveys to determine the extent of various "sick building" problems including
the issues of chemical sensitivity and building diagnostics. In addition, the
Indoor Air Program will initiate the implementation of the Indoor Air Quality
Technical and Non-Technical Information Clearinghouse.
In 1990 the Acid Rain Program will continue responding to the ten-year,
$500 million, National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP), an
interagency policy research program. This program will be completed by the end
of 1990. Coordination of and primary research on the economic aspects of the
NAPAP final report will be completed. Analysis of acid rain legislation will
continue. Support to the Administrator and Assistant Administrator for their
participation on the Domestic Policy Council (or its successor organization)
and the U.S. Bilateral Advisory and Consultative Group (BACG) will continue.
Also, in 1990 advice will continue to be provided to Department of Energy
(DOE), through the Innovative Control Technology Advisory Panel (ICTAP), on
DOE's five-year, $2.5 billion Clean Coal Technology (CCT) Program. The Acid
Rain Program will review, comment on, and help resolve controversial air permit
application issues for CCT demonstration projects, and will assist DOE in
obtaining air, water, and solid waste CCT permits.
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In 1990 the Global Change Program will continue many of the activities
started in 1989 and will initiate new projects. Domestically, the Agency will
develop its stratospheric ozone regulatory program and rules, as well as and
operate and enforce the program established in 1989. The current rulemaking
will be revised to charge market value for the privilege of producing or
importing CFCs or halons. Mechanisms to be considered could include: permit
fees; auctions; and other methods of capturing windfall profit that would
accrue to producers under the current rule. Monitoring of CFCs and halons
production will continue with timely data review, additional compliance
monitoring, technology reviews, better information control, and overall systems
performance. As part of the continuing effort to develop new proposals for
rulemaking, the program will incorporate public comments and results of
regulatory reviews by other agencies and EPA offices. The program will also be
integrally involved in the coordination of domestic and international efforts
to develop alternative technologies.
Internationally, the program will continue to support the implementation
of the Montreal Protocol. In 1990 EPA will participate in a series of
assessments: atmospheric, environmental, technological, and economic. EPA is
likely to be involved with the Protocol's working legal group and ad hoc groups
to negotiate, U.S. technology transfer responsibilities. In addition, the
Agency will continue to participate in efforts to get other nations to sign the
Protocol and will work with other Federal agencies to negotiate further
revisions. The tropospheric climate element of the Global Change Program will
initiate exploratory analysis of some point and non-point source emissions and
control technologies and their relationship and emission impact on existing
pollution control decisions.
1989 Program
In 1989 the Agency is allocating a total of $11,231,700 supported by 31.3
total workyears to this program, of which $1,796,100 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $9,435,600 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
EPA continues its indoor air effort to provide policy, coordination, and
information dissemination. In 1989 the Indoor Air Program will complete two
technical documents initiated in 1988, one on the mitigation of environmental
tobacco smoke and one on prevention of building-related problems. In addition,
in-house staff will coordinate the program and develop fact sheets. The Indoor
Air Program will initiate a program to communicate with various target groups
on possible "sick building" causes and solutions. The Report to Congress on
the long-term Federal role in indoor air quality will be completed and a
booklet on indoor air quality will be reprinted and issued.
In 1989 the Acid Rain Program will continue to focus on acid rain policy
and implementation issues. Legislative analysis will continue to focus on new
and potential legislative actions. In 1989 technical assistance' and
environmental policy formulation and implication activities will continue to be
provided to DOE on their CCT Program and NAPAP relative to the results of
research for the 1990 NAPAP Assessment. The Acid Rain Program will continue
to respond to petitions calling for additional control on U.S. sulfur dioxide
(S02) and nitrogen oxides (NOX). Support for on-going Administration
discussions with Canada will continue.
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In 1989 the Global Change Program activities will focus on implementation
of the domestic rule and the conduct of further analyses on possible follow-up
regulatory and non-regulatory actions. A program will be established and
implemented for enforcing regulatory levels on the production and consumption
of CFCs and halons. This involves developing a tracking system for permits,
finalizing and implementing a reporting and record keeping system, developing
an enforcement strategy, and assessing the market responses to regulation. In
addition, protocol assessments and studies to support the United Nation's
Environmental Program in the international implementation of the Protocol will
be ongoing. The international coordination of various groups and activities
concerned with developing alternative technologies and transfer of technologies
to lesser developing countries will also continue in 1989.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of $11,613,600 supported by 74.7
total workyears, of which $4,345,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $7,267,800 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1988 the Indoor Air Program focused on establishing a framework needed
to address the indoor air problem through coordinating EPA and Federal indoor
air quality activities, analyzing the appropriate Federal role in addressing
indoor air quality issues, preparing and disseminating information materials on
indoor air quality for the general public, and developing a Report to Congress
describing the activities carried out under Title IV of the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act. Publications completed in 1988 included a
booklet for the general public on indoor air quality, a directory of state
indoor air program contacts, and a series of fact sheets on timely indoor air
quality issues.
In 1988 the Acid Rain program focused on acid rain policy and
implementation issues. Legislative analyses focused on three potential
legislative actions. Also in 1988 the State Acid Rain Program final report was
completed that addressed potential acid rain control program implementation
issues. Comments were provided to the DOE on their CCT solicitation, and a
paper was presented to the ICTAP on potential EPA incentives to encourage
innovative control technology demonstrations and deployment. In 1988 results
of research from the 1990 NAPAP Assessment were reviewed for their policy
implications. The Agency responded to five petitions calling for additional
controls of U.S. transboundary S02 and NOX emissions, and supported discussions
with Canada on a possible bilateral accord.
In 1988 the Global Change Program issued a final domestic stratospheric
ozone rule which will enhance implementation of the Montreal Protocol on the
control of production and consumption of CFCs and halons. Technical support on
these bilateral activities was also provided. In addition, to establish the
stratospheric ozone depletion program and implement regulation, the program
developed and disseminated extensive analyses on risk assessment, economic
impact, and technology and chemical substitutions. An Advance Notice of
Proposed Rulemaking was issued that laid out possible additional regulatory
actions.
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In the area of global climate change, the Office of Policy Analysis worked
on two draft reports to Congress: the "Environmental Effects of Climate
Change" and "Policy Options for Stabilizing Climate." The program also worked
on developing an initial framework for estimates of future concentrations of
trace gases and global temperatures.
STATE PROGRAM GUIDELINES AND AIR STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,608,000 supported by 100.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $5,855,900 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,752,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $337,300 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $1,800,000 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 1.5 in
total workyears from 1989. The increases will support development of policy,
guidance, and assistance for preparing SIPs to address long-term nonattainment
problems involving ozone, carbon monoxide (CO), and
In 1990 the Agency will continue to provide management and assistance to
attain National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs) and prevent significant
deterioration (PSD) . Regulatory impact analyses (RIAs) for the ozone and lead
NAAQS reviews will be completed and a proposal to revise or reaffirm the lead
standards will be published. Revised or reaffirmed NAAQSs for sulfur oxides
will be promulgated. Addenda to the ozone criteria document and staff paper
addressing the need for longer term average standards will be prepared and
reviewed by the Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC) . Reviews o-f
the nitrogen dioxide (N02) and CO NAAQS will be under way as will the
evaluation of a potential acid aerosols NAAQS. Review of the need for a new
fine particle secondary NAAQS will continue.
The Agency will conduct an active program to carry out the post- 1987
ozone/CO attainment strategy. Efforts will focus on assisting states with SIP
development, including assisting states in identifying, adopting, and
implementing nontraditional control measures that will directly involve the
public (e.g., transportation controls and consumer solvent substitution).
Procedures and techniques for determining required emission reductions,
evaluating and selecting alternative control measures, preparing control
strategy demonstrations, tracking progress and compliance, evaluate strategies
using the airshed model, and analyzing transport strategies in the Northeast
will be provided. Review and regulatory action on SIP submittals from the
initial SIP calls will continue.
In 1990 the Agency will continue review and regulatory action on
SIPs, especially for newly identified nonattainment areas (Group II areas).
Case-by-case guidance and oversight of state efforts to develop and implement
fugitive source and nontraditional source control measures (e.g., street
cleaning) will be provided. Policy, guidance, and assistance in problem
definition and development of mitigation strategies will be provided for a
variety of problems contributing to long-term nonattainment. These include
woodstoves, prescribed burning, agricultural activities, and secondary
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particle formation. Management and overview of SIPs submitted by states and
required by court suits (i.e., visibility, stack heights) will continue.
Innovative measures to reduce the SIP backlog and expedite processing,
including a computerized SIP tracking and information system, will be fully
implemented. A training and information transfer program on the ozone and PM
SIP activities described above will be provided using short courses, workshops,
and videotapes.
In 1990 state and local air toxics programs will be further enhanced with
the implementation and revision of multi-year development plans. Technical
and program support to assist states in evaluating and regulating high-risk
point source (HRPS) and multi-pollutant urban toxics problems will continue.
The new source review (NSR) program will provide guidance and assistance to
Regions and states permitting new sources and support to national litigation
over current regulations. Regulations will be published setting PSD
increments for PM^o- Rulemaking on Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA)
Exhibit B issues will be completed.
Also in 1990, the Agency will continue its program to follow up on the
results of state audits and needed corrective actions, thereby improving
interregional and interstate consistency, addressing critical air pollution
infrastructure needs, and resolving current program weaknesses.
1989 Program
In 1989 the Agency is allocating a total of $8,470,700 supported by 98.8
total workyears to this program, of which $5,518,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,952,100 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1989 review of the staff paper for the lead NAAQS is scheduled to be
completed by CASAC and the RIA will also be completed. Work on the next round
of reviews of the NAAQSs for ozone, CO, and N02 and a new fine particle
secondary NAAQS is also underway. An evaluation of the need for an acid
aerosols NAAQS is being conducted. In the SIP area, primary emphasis is on
implementing ongoing programs for CO and ozone nonattainment areas and
developing and reviewing PM^Q 'SIPs. Work continues on completing the proposed
post-1987 ozone/CO policy, as well as completing SIP calls and nonattainment
designations. Policy and assistance is being provided for long-term PM^o
nonattainment areas. PM^Q SIP submittals are being reviewed. PSD increments
are scheduled to be promulgated for N02 and proposed for PM^o- Policy and
regulations to improve NSR programs as well as procedures to improve and
expedite SIP processing are scheduled to be published. Guidance and
assistance to develop and implement state air toxics programs through multi-
year development plans is continuing. Workshops, emissions factors, inventory
procedures, and other support is being provided to help states evaluate and
regulate HRPS and multi-pollutant urban toxic problems.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of $3,926,200 supported by 62.7 total
workyears, of which $3,163,200 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $763,000 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
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NAAQS review activities in 1988 focused on lead, ozone, SC>2, and possible
standards for fine particles and acid aerosols. A proposal to reaffirm the
current SC>2 standards was published. A policy for post-1987 nonattainment of
CO and ozone was proposed. Nonattainment area designations were proposed
pursuant to the Mitchell/Conte Amendment. SIP calls for deficient CO and
ozone SIPs were issued. PSD increments for N02 were proposed. Regulations to
protect visibility impairment in PSD Class I areas were promulgated for new
sources and proposed for existing sources in four states.
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AIR
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control and Fuel Economy
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Emission Standards,
Technical Assessment &
Characterization
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Testing, Technical &
Administrative Support
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance ;
Emissions & Fuel
Economy Compliance
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$4,163.7 $4,475.0 $5,026.7 $5,162.4 $135.7
$2,834.5 $5,288.9 $5,091.2 $6,499.7 $1,408.5
TOTAL $6,998.2 $9,763.9 $10,117.9 $11,662.1 $1,544.2
$5,384.6 $5,244.8 $5,244.8 $5,493.4
$850.2 $850.2 $850.2 $850.2
TOTAL $6,234.8 $6,095.0 $6,095.0 $6,343.6
$2,072.1 $1,835.6 $1,835.6 $2,002.8
$33.1 $33.1 $33.1 $33.1
TOTAL $2,105.2 $1,868.7 $1,868.7 $2,035.9
$248.6
$248.6
$167.2
$167.2
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Mobile Source Air
Pollution Control &
Fuel Economy
$11,620.4 $11,555.4 $12,107.1 $12,658.6 $551.5
$3,717.8 $6,172.2 $5,974.5 $7,383.0 $1,408.5
TOTAL $15,338.2 $17,727.6 $18,081.6 $20,041.6 $1,960.0
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AIR
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control and Fuel Economy
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Emission Standards,
Technical Assessment &
Characterization
Testing, Technical &
Administrative Support
Emissions & Fuel
Economy Compliance
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
72.5
91.5
31.5
195.5
84.3
92.9
33.1
210.3
84.8
92.9
33.1
210.8
84.8
92.9
35.1
212.8
2.0
2.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Emission Standards,
Technical Assessment &
Characterization
Testing, Technical &
Administrative Support
Emissions & Fuel
Economy Compliance
TOTAL WORKYEARS
78.9
94.3
33.6
206.8
84.3
92.9
33.1
210.3
84.8
92.9
33.1
210.8
84.8
92.9
35.1
212.8
2.0
2.0
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AIR
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control and Fuel Economy
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $20,041,600 supported by 212.8 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $1,960,000 and an increase of 2.0 total
workyears from 1989. Of the request, $12,658,600 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,383,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $551,500 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and an increase of $1,408,500 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
EMISSION STANDARDS. TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,662,100 supported by 84.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $5,162,400 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,499,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This is an increase of $135,700 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, $1,408,500 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, and no change in total workyears from 1989. The increase in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects increased personnel and support
costs. The increase in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation
will support additional work related to the use of alternative fuels.
In 1990 the standards program will continue to emphasize control of ozone
precursors and air toxics. Work will also ensure implementation support to the
new methanol emission standards as well as to the on-board refueling and
volatility regulations. Specific technology assessment work will focus on the
implementation of the post-1987 ozone/carbon monoxide attainment strategy. In
addition, the emissions impact of alternativexfuels, such as oxygenated blends
and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), will be investigated. Additional testing of
in-use vehicles will assess the effectiveness of emission control technologies
in controlling carbon monoxide emissions under cold temperature conditions.
The Emissions Factor Program will continue to determine emissions from in-use
vehicles. A pilot study will continue to assess sampling methodologies and
their effectiveness in closing the gaps in data on actual emissions from in-use
vehicles.
The final rule for controlling diesel fuel composition consistent with
toxics particulate control will be published. Also, the final rule for
heavy-duty emissions banking and trading will be promulgated. Revised
light-duty truck hydrocarbon standards will be promulgated. Additional work
will be done to insure the effectiveness of the enhanced vehicle inspection and
maintenance programs put into place by state and local jurisdictions. In
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addition, 15 audits and follow-ups of state and local Inspection and
Maintenance programs will be completed.
1989 Program
In 1989 the Agency is allocating a total of $10,117,900 supported by 84.8
total workyears for this program, of which $5,026,700 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,091,200 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1989 the standards program is continuing to emphasize control of ozone
precursors and air toxics. The regulatory program is continuing to concentrate
on control of evaporative and refueling emissions, excess hydrocarbon
emissions, formaldehyde, methanol, and particulates. Final emission standards
and test procedures for methanol vehicles are being promulgated. Revised
light-duty truck hydrocarbon standards are being proposed. Testing of in-use
vehicles to develop emission factors will be carried out. A pilot study to
assess alternative sampling methodologies for developing in-use emission
factors will be undertaken. The objective will be to determine the most
effective way to close gaps in data on actual emissions from in-use vehicles.
Support to the development of State Implementation Plans is continuing with
emphasis on inspection and maintenance programs for in-use vehicles. A total
of 15 formal audits and follow-ups of state and local inspection and
maintenance programs are being completed.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of $6,998,200 supported by 78.9 total
workyears, of which $4,163,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $2,834,500 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The program provided implementation assistance and review of State
Implementation Plans, particularly vehicle inspection and maintenance programs.
In 1988 ten inspection and maintenance program audits were carried out to
assess the effectiveness of state and local efforts. Four new inspection and
maintenance programs were begun in 1988, bringing the total number of urban
areas with inspection programs to 64.
In support of the Agency's air toxics control strategy, the regulatory
program continued work on control of formaldehyde and particulate matter.
Characterization of emissions from vehicles powered by alternative fuels also
continued, including work on a rulemaking setting standards and test procedures
for methanol-fueled vehicles. With the implementation of lead phasedown,
additional work was directed towards alternatives to leaded gasoline. A
systematic review of the heavy-duty standards for hydrocarbons, carbon
monoxide, and particulate matter continued for potential future revision.
TESTING. TECHNICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,343,600 supported by 92.9 total
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workyears for this program, of which $5,493,400 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $850,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $248,600 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, no change in the Abatement Control and
Compliance and no change in total workyears from 1989. The increase in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects increased personnel and support
costs.
This program will provide testing, technical, and administrative support
to the operating programs of the Office of Mobile Sources at the Motor Vehicle
Emissions Laboratory (MVEL) located in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Approximately
1,000 tests will be performed on prototype vehicles, and 1,350 tests on in-use
vehicles in support of the emissions factors and recall programs. In addition,
100 tests on new and in-use heavy-duty engines will be provided to support the
implementation and enforcement of the standards for these engines. General
activities that will be supported include recall, tampering and fuel switching,
standard-setting, emissions characterization, technology assessment, fuel
economy, in-use vehicle emissions assessment, and motor vehicle emission
certification. The support that will be provided includes: automated data
processing (ADP) timesharing services, laboratory data acquisition, and
computer operations; testing of motor vehicles to measure emissions and fuel
economy; quality assurance and control and correlation services for EPA and
industry testing programs; maintenance and engineering design of emission
testing equipment; and personnel, administrative, safety, environmental
compliance, and facilities support services. Testing and analysis of
approximately 12,000 fuel samples collected for enforcement purposes (including
volatility control) will continue.
1989 Program
In 1989 the Agency is allocating a total of $6,095,000 supported by 92.9
total workyears for this program, of which $5,244,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $850,200 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The 1989 program continues to focus on increasing the efficiency of the
testing, technical, and administrative support operations while maintaining or
expanding the quality and quantity of outputs.
Testing support to the certification, fuel economy, and in-use compliance
and assessment programs continues with a total of approximately 2,350 tests
scheduled for these programs in 1989. Testing activities supported at the MVEL
range from performing standard, well-established engineering tests to the
development and performance of new test procedures to accommodate new program
needs or changing technology.
Routine testing and analysis of 12,000 fuel samples collected in the field
for- enforcing fuels regulations continues. Correlation programs to maintain
equivalent test procedures between manufacturers and EPA continue. Test
equipment maintenance, calibration, and repair services are being provided.
The adequacy of existing procedures and equipment to test newer technology
vehicles is being evaluated. If necessary, new equipment and procedures will
be designed. In addition, personnel, facility support services, safety, ADP,
and administrative management functions are provided at the MVEL.
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1988 Accomplishments
In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of $6,234,800 supported by 94.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $5,384,600 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $850,200 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1988 a total of 1,000 tests were conducted for certification, fuel
economy labeling, and compliance programs. Testing in support of the recall,
surveillance, tampering/fuel switching programs; the development of emission
factors; and the assessment of the effectiveness of new emissions control
technology in maintaining the emission standards in use resulted in 1,500 tests
on in-use vehicles in 1988. Routine testing and analysis of 9,113 fuel samples
(collected in the field) were performed in 1988 to enforce fuel regulations.
Basic personnel and administrative management functions, including ADP
management, were provided. Also, safety and facility services, aimed at
maintaining a high level of occupational safety and health, were provided.
EMISSIONS AND FUEL ECONOMY COMPLIANCE
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,035,900 supported by 35.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,002,800 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $33,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $167,200 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and an increase of 2.0 total workyears but
no change in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation from 1989.
The increase in total workyears will support the development of regulations for
the collection of mobile source program fees.
The emissions certification program will continue to assess the validity
of the applications for certification of approximately 100 original equipment
manufacturers of light-duty vehicles, heavy-duty engines, and motorcycles.
Participation in the certification program by importers reselling vehicles is
expected to continue to increase as a result of new rules published in 1988.
Approximately 40 certificate holders will be bringing non-conforming imports
into compliance. •
In 1990, the in-use control effectiveness assessment program will shift
focus to assess the effectiveness of onboard diagnostic systems in identifying
component failure. Work will continue on suspected problems with
manufacturers' alleged use of defeat devices and more testing will be done
under non-Federal Test Procedure conditions to assess the degree to which
emission control devices control emissions only on the standard test cycle and
do not do so in actual on-road use. Changes in certification resulting from
volatility controls will be implemented.
The statutory fuel economy information program will be carried out, with
the provision of 1,000 labels, 50 CAFE calculations, and data for the Gas
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Mileage Guide. Guidance to manufacturers on implementing changes required by
revisions to the fuel economy regulations will continue.
1989 Program
In 1989 the Agency is allocating a total of $1,868,700 supported by 33.-1
total workyears for this program, of which $1,835,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $33,100 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The emissions certification program is continuing to issue certificates of
compliance to approximately 100 original equipment manufacturers of light-duty
vehicles, heavy-duty engines, and motorcycles. Participation in the
certification program by importers reselling vehicles will begin to increase
resulting from rules promulgated in 1987. Streamlined procedures for handling
these new certificate holders will be developed. In 1989 the in-use program is
placing further emphasis on assessment of high mileage vehicle control
technology and the precise nature of failures to meet standards at high
mileage. Work is also focusing on suspected problems with manufacturers' use
of defeat devices, as well as on emissions under conditions different from the
Federal Test Procedure. This additional engineering analysis will help assess
the degree to which emission control devices differ relative to the standard
test cycle versus actual on-road operational conditions. Procedures for
certifying aftermarket parts will be promulgated.
The statutory fuel economy information program is being carried out,
with 1,000 labels, 50 CAFE calculations, and data for the Gas Mileage Guide
being produced. Guidance to manufacturers on implementing changes required by
revisions to the fuel economy regulations is continuing.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of $2,105,200 supported by 33.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,072,100 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $33,100 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The emissions certification program issued certificates of compliance to
approximately 100 original equipment manufacturers of light-duty vehicles,
heavy-duty engines, and motorcycles. A certificate was issued to one
Independent Commercial Importer. Certification engineering review continued to
deter the production of vehicle designs not capable of meeting emission
standards. Participation in the certification program by importers reselling
vehicles continued to increase. A regulation for aftermarket parts
certification was proposed. The fuel economy program generated 1,000 fuel
economy labels, verified 50 CAFE calculations, and compiled data for the Gas
Mileage Guide. The in-use technology assessment program examined durability of
control technology at high mileage.
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AIR
State Programs Resource Assistance
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Control Agency Resource
Supplementation
(Section 105 Grants)
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$94,164.0 $101,500.0 $101,500.0 $99,700.0 -$1,800.0
TOTAL $94,164.0 $101,500.0 $101,500.0 $99,700.0 -$1,800.0
Training
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
$269.1
$269.1
$252.7
$252.7
$252.7
$252.7
$259.1
$259.1
$6.4
$6.4
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$269.1 $252.7 $252.7 $259.1 $6.4
$94,164.0 $101,500.0 $101,500.0 $99,700.0 -$1,800.0
State Programs TOTAL $94,433.1 $101,752.7 $101,752.7 $99,959.1 -$1,793.6
Resource Assistance
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Training
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Training
TOTAL WORKYEARS
4.3
4.3
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
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AIR
State Programs Resource Assistance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $99,959,100 supported by 4.0 total
workyears for 1990, a decrease of $1,793,600 and no change in total workyears
from 1989. Of the request, $259,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $99,700,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation of $6,400 and a decrease of $1,800,000 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
CONTROL AGENCY RESOURCE SUPPLEMENTATION (SECTION 105 GRANTS')
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $99,700,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents a decrease of $1,800,000 resulting from the completion of funding
for selected special projects.
In 1990- states will continue to be heavily involved in the implementation
of EPA's post- 1987 ozone/carbon monoxide (CO) attainment strategy. Efforts to
correct deficiencies in existing stationary source and mobile source control
programs will continue, ongoing programs will be reviewed for effectiveness,
monitoring and compliance programs will be continued, and State Implementation
Plans (SIPs) will be prepared for those areas not in attainment. In order to
develop SIPs, it will be necessary for states to analyze long-range transport
issues, evaluate and select alternative control measures, and develop vehicle
inspection and maintenance (I/M) strategies. Emissions inventories to support
alternative projected attainment dates for ozone and CO nonattainment areas
will be developed.
States will continue monitoring programs in Group I size-specific
particulate matter (PM^o) areas, including those areas with long-term
nonattainment problems, as they develop PM^Q SIPs. In addition to Group I PM^o
SIPs, states will continue to develop SIPs in any Group II or III areas which
show monitored air quality violations. States will also develop SIPs that
will replace total suspended particulate (TSP) Prevention of Significant
Deterioration (PSD) increments with PM^Q increments.
Air toxics control programs will continue and states will also continue to
submit sulfur dioxide (S02) SIP revisions for individual sources. Permits for
new sources will continue to be issued and states will continue to conduct
inspections and enforcement actions in the area of asbestos demolition and
renovation (D&R) .
Also, in 1990 states will continue to carry out activities essential to
2-45
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the operation and maintenance of effective air pollution regulatory programs.
This includes the implementation of source surveillance and compliance
programs aimed at assuring initial and continuous compliance by stationary
sources with SIP requirements, New Source Performance Standards (NSPSs), and
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs). States
will operate the National Air Monitoring System (NAMS) networks and maintain
quality assurance programs providing data on air quality levels, trends, and
attainment status. States will continue to assume responsibility for the
implementation of newly promulgated NSPSs and for the review and permitting of
new sources, including those to which PSD requirements apply.
Resources will continue to be used to support the provision of specialized
training of persons involved in abatement and air pollution control at the
state and local level.
1989 Program
In 1989 the Agency is allocating a total of $101,500,000, all of which is
from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1989 a major focus of the control agency support program is the
implementation of the post-1987 attainment strategy for ozone and CO. Efforts
initiated in 1988 for correcting and modifying existing regulations, control
measures, programs, and procedures, including the efforts to expand the
inspection and improve the compliance of Class A and B volatile organic
compound (VOC) sources, are continuing. A major initiative to prepare base-
year emissions inventories in ozone and CO nonattainment areas will commence.
States are working on revisions to their SIPs required by EPA's May, 1988 SIP
call. States are also analyzing the effectiveness of current VOC control
programs in order to correct these programs as necessary. Efforts within the
Northeast to apply the regional ozone model to identify transport and assess
control options over large areas continue. Efforts are underway to improve
baseline inventories and collect nonmethane organic compound (NMOC) data.
State and local agencies are continuing to implement various elements of
their multi-year plans for building and implementing programs for assessing
and reducing exposure to air toxics. Efforts within urban areas are moving
toward identifying and implementing specific measures to mitigate urban
exposures and toward expanding the number of state/local initiated actions. To
maximize the potential mitigation of exposure to air toxics, state and local
agencies are expanding efforts to identify and integrate air toxics considera-
tions into current programs for the review and permitting of new sources and
regulatory programs for both ozone and PM^Q. States are continuing to prepare
required PM^g SIPs for Group I areas. In addition, states are performing
necessary analyses and preparing SIPs for Group II areas where nonattainment
problems have been identified. Programs to establish the required PM^Q ambient
monitoring network will be completed. States continue to operate S02
monitoring networks and inspect major S02 sources. State PSD and NSR programs
are also continuing.
States are also carrying out inspection and source monitoring programs for
assuring initial and continuous compliance by all major stationary sources,
including timely and appropriate responses to violations. Emphasis continues
on identifying contractors that violate the asbestos D&R regulations and
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taking appropriate follow-up action. In addition, states are continuing to
fully operate and monitor the quality of the NAMS/SLAMS networks and to assume
responsibility for newly promulgated NSPSs and National Emission Standards for
Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) .
In 1989 resources have been made available to support specialized
training for persons involved in abatement and air pollution control at the
state and local level. These resources are being used to fund training course
and workshops, develop new courses, and revise some existing courses.
Approximately 35 short courses are scheduled which will address enforcement,
air toxics, SIP processing, ambient monitoring, and basic principles of air
pollution control.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of $94,164,000 all of which was from
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1988 major priorities were: continued implementation of the June 1985
Air Toxics Strategy; implementation of elements of the post- 1987 ozone/CO
strategy calling for correction and enhancement of existing programs in urban
areas not meeting the 1987 attainment deadline; and continuation of activities
to implement the NAAQS for
In 1988 states carried out key elements of the multi-year plans for the
enhancement and implementation of air toxics programs consistent with the Air
Toxics Strategy. Principal activities included the enforcement of existing
NESHAPs, including compliance with the asbestos demolition and renovation
requirements; the improvement of assessment capabilities and data bases needed
to manage air toxics risks; the continuation of state programs for evaluating
and mitigating exposures from specific non-NESHAPs point sources causing
individual risk; and the assessment of complex multi -pollutant/source air
toxics problems within the largest urbanized areas of the country. A limited
number of states developed final regulations for the control of air toxics
point sources.
States began taking action in response to notifications of ozone/CO SIP
inadequacies and to calls for development of corrective SIPs in areas that do
not meet the December 1987 attainment deadline. The action included steps to
prepare baseline inventories; correct identified deficiencies in existing
regulations; adopt reasonably available control technology (RACT) regulations
as required; improve inspection/compliance activities for sources of VOCs ; and
correct identified deficiencies in operating vehicle inspection/maintenance
(I/M) programs.
States continued to: establish ambient monitoring networks within the more
significant PM^o areas; update PMlQ emission inventories necessary for
preparation of required SIPs; and develop the required SIPs for Group I areas
as well as Group II areas with violations.
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TRAINING
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $259,100 supported by 4.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $6,400 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, and no change in total workyears from 1989.
In 1990 the Agency will continue to manage its program of training persons
involved in abatement and air pollution control at the state and local level.
In addition to providing self-instructional training, the program will
develop, update, and revise short courses. Technical support will also be
provided to states and Regions planning specialty workshops and training
courses.
1989 Program
In 1989 the Agency is allocating a total of $252,700 supported by 4.0
total workyears to this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation.
In 1989 the Agency is providing a self-study training program, with major
emphasis on the development of self-instructional training courses in the
areas of size-specific particulate matter (PM^g)> post-1987 attainment of
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs), and permitting. New short
courses are being developed. Existing courses provided through the seven Area
Training Centers (ATCs) are being updated and revised. The Agency is also
providing technical support to states and Regions planning workshops and
training courses,
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of $269,100 supported by 4.3 total
workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
In 1988 self-instructional training to persons involved in air pollution
control at the state and local level was provided, courses were updated by
staff on a limited basis, and technical support was provided to states and
Regions which provided funding for specialty workshops and training courses.
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AIR
Air Quality Management Implementation
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Air Quality Management
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$12,529.1 $12,538.4 $12,428.3 $12,955.2 $526.9
$300.2 $294.6 $323.2 $323.2
TOTAL $12,829.3 $12,833.0 $12,751.5 $13,278.4 $526.9
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$12,529.1 $12,538.4 $12,428.3 $12,955.2
$300.2 $294.6 $323.2 $323.2
Air Quality Management TOTAL $12,829.3 $12,833.0 $12,751.5 $13,278.4
Implementation
$526.9
$526.9
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Air Quality Management
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
269.5
269.5
272.1
272.1
271.0
271.0
288.7
288.7
17.7
17.7
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Air Quality Management
Implementation
TOTAL WORKYEARS
289.7
289.7
288.3
288.3
287.2
287.2
288.7
288.7
1.5
1.5
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AIR
Air Quality Management Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,278,400 supported by 288.7 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $526,900 and 1.5 total workyears from 1989.
Of the request, $12,955,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $323,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation of $526,900 and no change in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,278,400 supported by 288.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $12,955,200 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $323,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $526,900 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, no change in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 1.5 in total workyears from 1989.
The increases reflect increased personnel and support costs, as well as
additional support for ozone/carbon monoxide (CO) State Implementation Plan
(SIP) processing.
In 1990 the ten EPA Regional Offices will continue to implement measures
to achieve attainment of the ozone and CO air quality standards. Guidance
will be provided to states in a number of areas including the correction of
existing stationary and mobile source regulations and programs, the
application of procedures and techniques for determining required emission
reductions, the evaluation and selection of control measures, and the
preparation of attainment demonstrations. Ongoing control programs will be
reviewed for effectiveness and SIPs will be reviewed as they are submitted.
In addition, Regions will continue to provide guidance to states on the
development and submission of SIPs to implement the size-specific particulate
matter (PM^Q) National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS), and PM^o SIPs will
be reviewed as they are submitted. The Regions will assist states in
developing SIP revisions that will replace total suspended particulates (TSP)
for Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) reviews with PM^g- State and
local programs to control air toxics will be supported, including those
efforts to control high-risk point sources and to mitigate high-risk urban
impacts. Sulfur dioxide (S02) SIP revisions will be reviewed as they are
submitted. A number of other ongoing air quality management activities will
be continued including review/oversight of the air grants process,
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implementation of the national air audit system, support to litigation
activities, and support to state new source review (NSR)/PSD programs. As a
result of litigation, the need to develop Federal Implementation Plans (FIPs)
is expected to continue.
1989 Program
In 1989 the Agency is allocating a total of $12,751,500 supported by 287.2
total workyears to this program, of which $12,428,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $323,200 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
A major focus of the Regional air quality management program is the
implementation of the post-1987 strategy for correcting ozone and CO
nonattainment problems. The efforts to correct and improve existing
regulations, control measures, programs, and procedures continue in 1989.
Regions are providing detailed, hands-on assistance to those areas with the
most serious problems to complete the required revisions to the SIPs on
schedule. Regions have begun to review state submitted revisions and will
initiate appropriate rulemaking. Efforts to apply the Regional ozone model in
the Northeast will also continue.
The Regions continue to implement a number of other air quality management
programs. These include reviewing and taking rulemaking action on state-
submitted SIP revisions for PM^o, assisting state and local agencies in
implementing their multi-year development plans for improving and carrying out
air toxics control programs, reviewing and taking rulemaking action on state
initiated SC>2 SIP revisions, and performing other functions, such as managing
the air grants process, implementing the National Air Audit System, and
assisting states in the implementation of the programs for PSD. and NSR.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of $12,829,300 supported by 289.7
total workyears, of which $12,529,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $300,200 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation .
In 1988 the major priorities were assisting and overseeing state programs
for correction of existing SIPs and control measures in areas not meeting the
1987 attainment deadline for the ozone/CO NAAQSs; implementation of the NAAQS
for PM^o; and continued implementation of the June 1985 National Air Toxics
Strategy.
Consistent with the post- 1987 ozone/CO strategy, Regions notified states
of needed revisions to current SIPs; provided guidance on developing these
revisions; and worked with states to update baseline inventories. Regions
continued working with states in the Northeast corridor and Mid-Atlantic
region to employ the regional oxidant model where intercity transport will
require controls over large geographic areas. Major guidance and support was
also provided to help states complete SIPs to meet the NAAQS for
Programs were undertaken to help states implement multi-year plans for
improving and conducting air toxics . programs . Efforts focused on helping
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states to improve assessment capabilities and data bases to manage air toxics
risks; improve efforts in the agencies having plan commitments to evaluate and
mitigate exposures from non-NESHAPs point sources with high individual risk;
and complete initial screening programs to identify and assess complex air
toxics problems within large urban areas.
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AIR
Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$3,823.4 $3,859.2 $3,803.5 $4,041.4
$190.7 $114.2 $122.8 $122.8
TOTAL $4,014.1 $3,973.4 $3,926.3 $4,164.2
$237.9
$237.9
Air Quality & Emission
Data Management &
Analysis
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
$3,636.1 $3,746.6 $4,241.6 $4,470.4
$1,594.3 $3,599.4 $4,169.4 $6,669.4
$5,230.4 $7,346.0 $8,411.0 $11,139.8
$228.8
$2,500.0
$2,728.8
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Trends Monitoring &
Progress Assessment
$7,459.5 $7,605.8 $8,045.1 $8,511.8 $466.7
$1,785.0 $3,713.6 $4,292.2 $6,792.2 $2,500.0
TOTAL $9,244.5 $11,319.4 $12,337.3 $15,304.0 $2,966.7
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring
Air Quality & Emission
Data Management &
Analysis
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
81.5
65.0
146.5
81.5
70.6
152.1
80.2
80.5
160.7
86.2
80.5
166.7
6.0
6.0
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AIR
Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
TOTAL WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring
Air Quality & Emission
Data Management &
Analysis
TOTAL WORKYEARS
87.8
66.6
154.4
87.5
70.6
158.1
86.2
80.5
166.7
86.2
80.5
166.7
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AIR
Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,304,000 supported by 166.7 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $2,966,700 and no change in total workyears
from 1989. Of the request, $8,511,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $6,792,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation of $466,700 and an increase of $2,500,000 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,164,200 supported by 86.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,041,400 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $122,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $237,900 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, no change in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and no change in total workyears from 1989. The
increase will support increased personnel and support costs and upgrading the
capacity of EPA Regional laboratories.
In 1990 the ten EPA Regional Offices will continue overview and manage-
ment of state air monitoring programs, including: grants review; coordination
of emission and air quality data bases; and validation of data from the
National Air Monitoring System (NAMS) and the- State and Local Air Monitoring
System (SLAMS) data base. Data analyses including air quality trend
information will be developed to be used as input to the Regional Trend
Reports.
In the area of quality assurance, significant resources will be used for
on-site systems audits of state networks and monitors. In addition, the
Regional laboratories will continue to participate in the national air audit
program. Size-specific particulate matter (PM^o) monitors established during
1989 will be reviewed and visited to verify compliance with EPA air monitoring
regulations. Reviews of PM^Q ambient data and sampling frequency will continue
at a high level to support determinations on attainment and on possible control
strategies in additional areas.
Regional implementation of the Toxics Air Monitoring System (TAMS)
network will involve coordinating operational improvements with the Office of
Research and Development and state and local agencies. Resources will also be
used to provide monitoring/quality assurance support and technical assistance
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to states in evaluating the source impact of specific toxic air pollutants from
sources considered for regulation under state control programs. Support for
state and local toxics efforts in urban areas will continue with management,
coordination, and technical assistance provided to complete or refine toxics
emission data bases and to improve state and local ambient monitoring
capabilities .
Technical oversight and support will be provided to state and local
programs developing post- 1987 data bases in ozone and carbon monoxide (CO)
areas including limited coordination of the periodic nonmethane organic com-
pounds (NMOC) /nitrogen oxides (NOX) sampling programs and minimal oversight of
revisions to the CO and ozone ambient networks.
1989 Program
In 1989 the Agency is allocating a total of $3,926,300 supported by 86.2
total workyears to this program, of which $3,803,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $122,800 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1989 TAMS is being operated at three sites in Boston, Houston, and
Chicago and at a single site in Seattle. The SLAMS network operated by state
and local agencies is being reviewed and an assessment of equipment needs for
ozone/CO is being made. The Regions are continuing to work with states in
identifying and eliminating air monitoring sites that have marginal utility.
The Regions are continuing their programs of on-site visits to review/audit
NAMS (and a small percentage of SLAMS) and to review laboratories for proper
operating and quality assurance procedures. The validation, management, and
coordination of state and local air quality and emission data bases before
they are submitted to EPA's central .data bank are continuing. The Regions
continue to have an active role in overseeing the establishment of state and
local sampling networks for
As part of their oversight of ongoing PM^Q sampling programs, the Regions
are active in reviewing and interpreting ambient data and in coordinating
state adjustments to sampling frequency at sites experiencing exceedances of
the PM^o National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS). To support the
development of post-1987 ozone State Implementation Plans (SIPs) , Regional
efforts to improve the quality and timeliness of ambient and emission data
bases have increased. Quality assurance activities and state audits are
continuing, and strong emphasis on the National Air Audit System is also being
continued.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of $4,014,100 supported by 87.8 total
workyears, of which $3,823,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $190,700 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation .
In 1988 the Regional Offices coordinated the collection, validation, and
submission of ambient data necessary to support EPA actions calling for
revised SIPs for ozone and CO. In addition, the Regions assisted states in
preparing draft network plans for ambient monitoring of PM^Q anc* developing
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revisions necessary to meet EPA requirements. The Regions also assisted 62
state and local agencies in assessing potential risks from toxic pollutants
through ambient sampling and 51 agencies in developing emission inventories.
AIR QUALITY AND EMISSION DATA MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,139,800 supported by 80.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,470,400 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,669,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $228,800 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $2,500,000 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and no change in total
workyears from 1989. The increase will support improvements to urban scale
models for ozone, a center for support of PM^o modeling, development of PM^g
emission factors, software to analyze ozone and CO SIP progress, and
development of 1990 inventories for regional strategy analyses.
The existing Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS) Air Quality
Subsystem will be maintained and guidance provided to users. Access will be
provided to three to five additional states. New software to support high
priority ozone, CO and PM^g analyses will be developed. The AIRS Facility
Subsystem will be maintained, guidance provided, and access provided to 12
additional states.
Implementation of the Agency's toxic monitoring strategy will continue.
Support to the post-1987 CO ;and ozone program will continue 'with management of
regional ozone modeling of the Northeast, management of NMOC monitoring,
technical guidance on monitoring networks and on data bases needed for
attainment demonstrations, and consultation with agencies on the use of grid
(Airshed) models for ozone attainment demonstrations in major urban areas.
Initiatives will be undertaken to actively support development, storage,
and quality assurance of the 1990 -National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program (NAPAP) emission inventory and to develop special AIRS software to
track, summarize, and display air quality and emission data relating to ozone
and CO regulatory programs. A program will be initiated to develop an
official version of the Urban Airshed Model for regulatory use and to support
application of the model for ozone analyses in six nonattainment areas.
Active support of Headquarters, Regional, and state/local modeling of both
NAAQS and toxics pollutants will be continued as will on-going efforts to
evaluate model accuracy and provide refined models.
Emission testing support will continue with more emphasis on technical
support to state and local agencies. The program will also continue to
prepare analyses of ambient and emission trends, issue status and trends
reports, and provide national oversight of SIP ambient monitoring. Technical
support of Regional Office and state programs for PM^g monitoring, inventories,
and modeling will also be continued.
An initiative will be undertaken to fill gaps existing in the
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emission factor data base through emission tests of eight to 12 source
categories identified as significant particulate emitters in Group I areas.
The emission factor clearinghouse will actively support Regions and states in
applying the best factors available and in developing or estimating source
specific factors. Also, a center will be established to support PM^g model
users on data bases, model documentation, and application of dispersion and
receptor modeling techniques to traditional and non-traditional source
categories.
1989 Program
In 1989 the Agency is allocating a total of $8,411,000 supported by 80.5
total workyears to this program, of which $4,241,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,169,400 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1989 the program is focusing on four priority areas: (1) providing
active support to the Regional Offices and to an expanding number of state
users of the AIRS Air Quality Subsystem; (2) completing basic software for the
Facility Subsystem of AIRS and providing training, documentation, and system
access to the Regions and six states; (3) providing guidance and consultation
on techniques required to assess attainment of the NAAQS for PM^Q, revising
ambient networks and sampling frequencies, applying models for SIP analyses
and developing and applying emission factors to the PM^Q SIP inventories; and
(4) broadly supporting Regional Office and state efforts relating to future CO
and ozone SIP revisions, including: the review of ambient networks, the
development of technical and procedural guidance for preparing emission
inventories, the provision of assistance in preparing data bases needed to
apply models, and continuation of the multi-year project to assess the regional
transport of ozone and precursors in the Northeast.
Technical analyses to support reviews of the NAAQSs for ozone and lead are
continuing. The air toxics program includes continued implementation of the
ambient monitoring strategy with oversight of the TAMS network in four cities
and analyses of ambient levels for selected toxic compounds. Emission factors
and guidance on emission inventories will be issued to support SIP inventories
for PM^Q anc* ozone/CO. Guidance is being furnished to Regional Offices and
state/local agencies on applying models to provide screening estimates of air
quality for toxic pollutants. Additional software for the Air Quality
Subsystem is being developed and access is being provided to 12-15 more
agencies. The evaluation and refinement of dispersion models continues as
does support and guidance on model application for all NAAQS pollutants and
for those pollutants under assessment for possible regulation under the Clean
Air Act. Emission testing support is being provided to Headquarters offices
responsible for developing or revising emission standards and limited
technical support is provided to state/local agencies in applying test methods
used in SIP compliance and for non-routine tests. The program is continuing
to analyze ambient and emission trends for NAAQS pollutants, prepare various
status and trends reports, and provide national oversight of SIP ambient
monitoring.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of $5,230,400 supported by 66.6 total
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workyears, of which $3,636,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,594,300 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
• In 1988 emphasis continued on providing training and specialized
conversion assistance to Regions and establishing full access to the AIRS Air
Quality Subsystem "for 19 additional states. The software design phase was
completed for the new AIRS subsystem which will store and retrieve emissions
and compliance data. Other major activities included: publication and
distribution of final rulemaking to revise EPA's Air Modeling Guideline;
publication of the Air Quality and Emissions Trends Report for 1986 data; and
publication of a major supplement to EPA's Compilation of Air Pollutant
Emission Factors. The emissions program concentrated on providing technical
support to Regions and states in the application of PM and other factors, and
preparing proposed technical guidance and requirements for the development of
emission inventories for post-1987 SIPs for ozone and CO.
2-59
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Enforcement
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
AIR 2-1
ENFORCEMENT
Stationary Source Enforcement 2-60
Mobile Source Enforcement 2-65
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AIR
Stationary Source Enforcement
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Stationary Source
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$12,381.4 $13,308.2 $13,255.6 $13,754.5 $498.9
$2,900.0 $3,180.1 $3,155.7 $4,625.7 $1,470.0
TOTAL $15,281.4 $16,488.3 $16,411.3 $18,380.2 $1,968.9
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Stationary Source
Enforcement
$12,381.4 $13,308.2 $13,255.6 $13,754.5 $498.9
$2,900.0 $3,180.1 $3,155.7 $4,625.7 $1,470.0
TOTAL $15,281.4 $16,488.3 $16,411.3 $18,380.2 $1,968.9
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Stationary Source
Enforcement
285.6
296.2
294.1
311.8
17.7
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
285.6
296.2
294.1
311.8
17.7
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Stationary Source
Enforcement
302.6
314.4
311.8
311.8
TOTAL WORKYEARS
302.6
314.4
311.8
311.8
2-60
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AIR
Stationary Source Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $18,380,200 supported by 311.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $13,754,500 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,625,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $498,900 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $1,470,000 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and no change in total
workyears from 1989.
STATIONARY SOURCE ENFORCEMENT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $18,380,200 supported by 311.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $13,754,500 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,625,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $498,900 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $1,470,000 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and no change in total
workyears from 1989. The increase will support implementation of strategies
for asbestos demolition and renovation as well as ensuring credibility in
certification of woodstove production lines.
In 1990 the ten EPA Regional Offices will continue their compliance
monitoring and enforcement efforts to ensure (in concert with states)
compliance with State Implementation Plans (SIPs) , new source performance
standards (NSPS) , and National Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants
(NESHAPs) . The focus of the program will be on addressing sources in
nonattainment areas, with particular emphasis on volatile organic compound
(VOC) sources in ozone nonattainment areas and toxic air pollutant sources.
Implementation of strategies for the NESHAP program for asbestos demolition
and renovation (D&R) will continue, as will initiatives to enforce the other
NESHAP standards. Also continued will be a comprehensive program to determine
the effectiveness of VOC rules, implementation of the compliance monitoring
and inspection targeting program to ensure better utilization of inspection
resources, and workshop and technical support activities directed at improving
compliance efforts in ozone nonattainment areas. The initiative to enhance
VOC compliance in ozone nonattainment, including addressing small VOC sources,
will be continued.
In the area of size-specific particulate matter (PM^o) - tne Regions will
review proposed PM^o SIPs for enforceability and efforts will be initiated to
ensure compliance by sources subject to newly promulgated PM^Q SIPs.
Enforcement of continuous emission monitoring (CEM) requirements of sulfur
. 2-61
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dioxide (SC>2) sources will also continue.
In 1990 EPA Headquarters will continue to participate in the development
of policy guidance, planning, and budgeting activities, and the review of
selected Regional activities and program performance. Headquarters will also
assure the enforceability of proposed Agency regulations under NSPS , NESHAP,
and Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) programs; respond to formal
inquiries; manage the Compliance Data System (CDS) and the compliance portion
of the Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS) ; manage the level of
effort contract; and conduct technical studies. Headquarters will continue to
implement the technical agenda by developing jointly with the Regions a
planned list of technical projects to be initiated in 1990. In addition, the
program will assure the successful implementation of the revised Asbestos
Renovation and Demolition Strategy. Additional resources will be used to hire
Senior Environmental Personnel who will collect and distribute notification,
inspection and compliance information across EPA Regional programs and to
Headquarters .
During 1990 EPA Headquarters will ensure enhanced VOC compliance by
providing VOC technical and training support to the Regions and state
agencies, issuing policy guidance, monitoring compliance and enforcement
activities, and overviewing the implementation of the rule effectiveness
protocol. In addition, Headquarters will continue implementing the laboratory
program for woodstove testing, review of applications for woodstove
certification, monitoring certification tests, certifying production lines,
and conducting parameter inspections and random "compliance audits.
Approximately 250 woodstove production lines will be certified during 1990.
Headquarters will review proposed PM^Q SIPs for national enforceability
issues. Evaluating the effectiveness of state and EPA compliance monitoring
and inspection programs will continue to be a major activity in 1990, as will
promoting the use of and developing national guidance for CEM requirements.
In addition, Headquarters will provide implementation guidance and oversight
to the Regions and to producers, importers, and exporters of
chlorofluorocarbons and halons .
1989 Program
In 1989 the Agency is allocating a total of $16,411,300 supported by 311.8
total workyears to this program, of which $13,255,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,155,700 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1989 the Regional Office air compliance program continues to monitor
and ensure the compliance of the 26,500 largest stationary SIP sources, the
2,500 NSPS sources, and the 1,000 nontransitory NESHAP sources.
Implementation of the NESHAP program for asbestos D&R addressing approximately
8,000 contractors and 60,000 notifications also continues.
Major activities include continuing the initiative to enhance VOC source
compliance in ozone nonattainment areas, implementing a comprehensive program
to determine whether adopted VOC measures are being effectively implemented
and conducting VOC compliance workshops to improve the quality of inspections.
Efforts to help state and local air pollution agencies and improve their
2-62
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technical capabilities also continues. Other activities in 1989 include
ensuring no backsliding from existing total suspended particulate (TSP)
requirements during the development of PM^o SIPs and ensuring SC>2 sources meet,
where applicable, continuous emission monitoring requirements. Federal
enforcement actions, where required, focus on violating sources in
nonattainment areas, with particular emphasis on VOC sources and on enforcing
regulations at toxic air pollutant sources. EPA works closely with states in
this effort through implementation of Agency guidance on "timely and
appropriate" enforcement actions. Technical support is provided to the
ongoing litigation docket.
In 1989 EPA Headquarters continues to provide oversight of the Regional
programs to ensure national consistency and effectiveness through a
combination of comprehensive programmatic review and review of certain classes
of enforcement actions. This program also continues to assure the
enforceability of proposed EPA regulations, manage the CDS (including CDS ac-
tivities related to the development of the new AIRS Facility Subsystem); manage
the level of effort contract support program; develop technical and program
guidance; and conduct planning and budgeting activities.
In 1989 a major activity is implementation of the compliance monitoring
and inspection targeting strategy which will allow Regional Offices and state
agencies to better utilize their inspection resources. Implementation of the
NSPS woodstoves program is continuing, including the review of applications
for woodstoves certification, the monitoring of certification tests, and the
evaluation of test results. The program to enhance VOC compliance is also
continuing in 1989. Headquarters continues oversight and evaluation of
Regional and state efforts to implement enhanced VOC compliance monitoring and
inspection activities, the rule-effectiveness assessments, and the small VOC
source strategy. Also, Headquarters is developing a comprehensive VOC
training program and compliance determination guides for selected categories
of VOC sources. Work to promote use of CEM requirements, including support
for Regional and state efforts, also continues to be a major activity.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of $15,281,400 supported by 302.6
total workyears, of which $12,381,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,900,000 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In response to a need to improve the compliance program, a number of major
guidance documents and policies were issued in 1988. Implementation programs
were initiated to improve the success of these new approaches. The three most
important documents were: (1) the Compliance Monitoring Strategy which changes
the process used by states and Regions to determine their inspection program
for a given fiscal year or grant period. This guidance will permit agencies to
target inspection resources into areas that present the greatest environmental
or compliance problems; (2) the Asbestos Demolition and Renovation Activity
Strategy which focuses the compliance program on individual contractor
performance rather than on notification of activities. The strategy
recommends inspection procedures, identifies tracking activities to target
recalcitrant contractors, and encourages states to adopt training and
certification programs; (3) the Rule Effectiveness Protocol which outlines a
2-63
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procedure for determining the effectiveness of rules, particularly for VOC
sources. This is important in non-attaining areas where emission reductions
will be very difficult to achieve.
2-64
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AIR
Mobile Source Enforcement
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Mobile Source
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$5,346.1
$1,890.8
$5,411.2
$2,309.6
$5,377.5
$2,179.2
$6,021.3
$3,479.2
$643.8
$1,300.0
TOTAL $7,236.9 $7,720.8 $7,556.7 $9,500.5 $1,943.8
TOTAL:.
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Mobile Source
Enforcement
$5,346.1 $5,411.2 $5,377.5 $6,021.3 $643.8
$1,890.8 $2,309.6 $2,179.2 $3,479.2 $1,300.0
TOTAL $7,236.9 $7,720.8 $7,556.7 $9,500.5 $1,943.8
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Mobile Source
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
99.6
99.6
105.6
105.6
104.8
104.8
113.8
113.8
9.0
9.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Mobile Source
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS
104.4
104.4
105.6
105.6
104.8
104.8
113.8
113.8
9.0
9.0
2-65
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AIR
Mobile Source Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,500,500 supported by 113.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $6,021,300 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,479,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $643,800 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $1,300,000 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 9.0 total
workyears.
MOBILE SOURCE ENFORCEMENT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,500,500 supported by 113.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $6,021,300 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,479,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and
•Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $643,800 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $1,300,000 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 9.0 total
workyears. The increases reflect the additional resources needed to implement
the Agency's ozone control strategy, through enforcement of the vehicle fuel
volatility rules, and to implement a heavy-duty enforcement program.
In support of the ozone control policy, the recall program will
investigate 23 suspect light-duty vehicle classes together with carrying out
related diagnostic evaluation and remedy development work. A heavy-duty recall
program will be implemented to assess the effectiveness of more stringent
emission standards. The program will' investigate three heavy-duty engine
classes. Investigations of light-duty trucks will also continue. An estimated
seven emissions waiver requests from the State of California will be processed.
Investigations into the operations of importers of non-conforming vehicles will
continue in order ensure that the certification procedures are adequately
implemented. The Selective Enforcement Audit (SEA) program will conduct ten
audits of light-duty vehicle manufacturer facilities, five audits of heavy-duty
manufacturer facilities, and four production compliance audits in support of
the nonconformance penalties (NCP) program to ensure that new production
vehicles and engines meet emissions and NCP requirements.
The field enforcement program will consist of inspections of vehicle
fueling facilities as well as the investigation of suspected tampering and
misfueling incidents. The fuels inspection effort will continue the program of
sampling fuels for alcohol and other fuel additives to ensure that legal
limits are not exceeded. Lead phasedown enforcement (to ensure that
refineries, importers and distributors are complying with the lead phasedown
rules) will involve 15 audits and an active caseload of approximately 30 major
2-66
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violations. A total of 450 tampering investigations will result in
approximately 75 notices of violation. Audits of the incidence of tampering
and fuel switching will be carried out at 15 sites primarily to gauge the
effectiveness of the anti-tampering programs being implemented by state and
local jurisdictions. EPA will continue to assist with the development of state
and local programs aimed at preventing tampering and fuel switching. It is
anticipated that nine new programs will be implemented, thus bringing the total
to 54. The fuel volatility program will provide for 10,000 inspections of
retail fuel outlets, refiners, and distributors to ensure that fuels meet
volatility standards. These inspections are expected to lead to the
prosecution of approximately 500 violations of the volatility limits.
1989 Program
In 1989 the Agency is allocating a total of $7,556,700 supported by 104.8
total workyears for this program, of which $5,377,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,179,200 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The recall program is continuing with the investigation of 23 suspect
light-duty classes, together with related diagnostic evaluation and remedy
development work. An estimated seven emissions waiver requests from the State
of California are being processed. The implementation of the regulatory
revisions to the imports program continues. The program is processing an
estimated 8,000 applications for importation of nonconforming vehicles. The
SEA program is shifting focus " by conducting 10 audits of light-duty
manufacturer facilities and five audits of heavy-duty manufacturer facilities
to ensure that new production vehicles and engines meet emission requirements.
Four Production Compliance Audits will be completed. Approximately 1,800
consumer inquiries on emission warranty issues will be answered. The
anti-tampering and anti-fuel switching enforcement programs are expected to
result in 400 notices of violations of which approximately 34 cases will be
referred to the Department of Justice for prosecution. Audits of tampering and
fuel switching are being carried out at 15 sites. EPA is continuing to assist
with the development of state and local programs aimed at preventing tampering
and fuel switching. It is anticipated that three new programs will be
implemented, thus bringing the total to 45.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988 the Agency obligated $7,236,900 supported by 104.4 total workyears
for this program, of which $5,346,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,890,800 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
Under the recall program, 23 light-duty vehicle investigations were
conducted resulting in one ordered recall affecting nearly 500,000 vehicles.
An additional 10 influenced and 23 voluntary recalls, completed as a result of
EPA investigations, affected over 3.6 million vehicles. Eight California
waivers were issued. The SEA program conducted seven audits of light-duty
manufacturer facilities and four audits of heavy-duty manufacturer facilities
to ensure that new production vehicles and engines meet emissions requirements.
Three Production Compliance audits were conducted. Inquiries and applications
for the importation of nonconforming vehicles continued with the processing of
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15,000 applications.
The anti-tampering and anti-fuel switching enforcement program continued.
Accomplishments included the establishment of seven new programs by states and
localities; issuance of 367 notices of violation in the tampering and fuel
switching programs; and evaluation of three fuel and fuel additive waiver
requests. A study of the effects of the lead phasedown regulations on farm
equipment was completed.
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-3. WATER QUALITY
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
WATER QUALITY 3-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Water Quality Research 3-10
Scientific Assessment 3-14
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 3-15
Health Effects 3-17
Environmental Engineering and Technology 3-18
Environmental Processes and Effects 3-19
Great Lakes - 3-20
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Water Quality and Grants Program Management 3-22
Water Quality Management 3-24
Great Lakes Program 3-26
Chesapeake Bay Program 3-28
Effluent Standards and Guidelines 3-31
Grants Assistance Programs 3-34
Clean Lakes Program 3-35
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106) 3-36
Water Quality Strategies Implementation 3-40
Wetlands Protection 3-42
Ocean Disposal Permits 3-45
Environmental Emergency Response and Prevention 3-47
Standards and Regulations 3-48
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis . 3-51
Coastal Environment Management 3-53
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis 3-55
Municipal Source Control 3-58
Municipal Waste Treatment Facility Construction 3-60
Waste Treatment Operations and Maintenance 3-62
ENFORCEMENT
Water Quality Enforcement 3-65
Water Quality Permit Issuance 3-69
-------
WATER QUALITY
ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
Scientific Activities
Overseas
TOTAL, Water Quality
$101,980.7 $108,251.3 $107,380.8 $115,789.0
$146,594.3 $171,486.4 $170,542.2 $182,280.3
$8,570.2
$.8
$8,878.0 $8,848.1 $9,833.0
$8,408.2
$11,738.1
$984.9
$257,146.0 $288,615.7 $286,771.1 $307,902.3 $21,131.2
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
1,988.4 2,141.4 2,125.8 2,234.0 108.2
2,151.1 2,236.2 2,219.5 2,234.0 14.5
$268,124.2 $281,887.6 .$280,095.0 $303,722.7 $23,627.7
The Water Quality Act of 1987 reauthorized this program
at a level of $385,270.0 for 1988, $410,270.0 for 1989,
and $410,270.0 for 1990.
3-1
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WATER
WATER QUALITY
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Clean Water Act, as amended; Marine Protection, Research and
Sanctuaries Act; and the Marine Plastic Pollution Research and Control Act of
1987 provide the legislative basis for EPA's water quality programs. These
laws direct EPA to take measures to protect the Nation's waters in order to
safeguard public health, recreational uses, and aquatic life.
The Water Quality Act (WQA) of 1987, which amended the Clean Water Act
(CWA), expanded and strengthened the CWA through a number of changes designed
to enhance water quality and improve the well-defined partnership between the
EPA and the states. The amended Act ratifies existing programs (e.g.,
technology-based and water quality-based effluent limits for point source
dischargers). It also provides new tools to strengthen existing programs
(e.g., mandatory controls for sewage sludge use and disposal and administrative
penalties to streamline enforcement actions); establishes new approaches to
address existing water pollution problems (e.g., new programs for control of
nonpoint source pollution, stormwater and sludge); creates the state revolving
loan funds program to replace construction grants; and mandates requirements to
address existing and emerging problems (e.g., surface water toxic control
programs). The WQA gives legislative recognition to three programs which
impact near coastal waters: the National Estuary, Chesapeake Bay, and Great
Lakes Programs.
The Marine Protection, Research.and Sanctuaries Act is designed to protect
the ocean from unregulated dumping of material that would endanger human
health, public welfare, the marine environment, or economic potential. The Act
authorizes the Agency to develop criteria for ocean disposal of industrial
waste, municipal sludges, and other dredged materials. EPA is authorized to
designate disposal sites and issue permits for all non-dredged materials
through 1991. Recent amendments to the Act prohibit ocean dumping of sewage
sludge and industrial wastes after December 31, 1991. The Corps of Engineers
is responsible for issuing permits for dredged materials (not affected by the
ban); however, EPA reviews these applications for consistency with EPA
criteria.
The Marine Plastic Pollution Research and Control Act of 1987 implements
Annex V of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from
Ships, 1973; and establishes programs to identify and reduce the effects of
plastic pollution on the marine environment. Under this law, EPA is required
to submit a report to Congress on methods to reduce plastic pollution; assist
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in conducting a public
education program; prepare a New York Bight Restoration Plan; and submit a
report to Congress on the problems associated with plastic debris in the New
York Bight.
Water quality programs in 1990 and beyond will focus on three major
objectives: (1) building state and local capacity to protect high risk,
critical habitats from pollution; (2) protecting the nation's surface waters
from toxic and hazardous point discharges; and (3) maintaining the progress
made to date in cleaning up and developing infrastructure to protect our
surface waters. EPA will provide technical and financial assistance to the
3-2
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states to carry-out their increased base workload and meet new requirements.
Protect Critical Habitats and Valuable Ecosystems
State Clean Water Strategies (SCWS)
Since enactment of the Water Quality Act of 1987, EPA has encouraged
states to develop integrated, targeted, and prioritized plans, referred to as
State Clean Water Strategies, for addressing their overall water quality
problems. EPA expects that about half of the states will elect to develop
Strategies by the Fall of 1989. In 1990, EPA will continue to encourage and
assist states with Strategy implementation through coordination of EPA program
requirements; use of grant funds, technical assistance, guidance and
information transfer for implementing Strategy components; and by making
available expanded geographic-oriented data bases. In addition, EPA plans to
use SCWS in selected state priority critical habitats to coordinate related EPA
programs; leverage United States Department of Agriculture resources and
policies (with special emphasis on problem pesticides); encourage innovative
state and local approaches; and build public understanding of water quality
issues.
Protecting Wetlands
Wetlands loss has a major impact on our environment, including adverse
effects on species populations and the severity of flooding. In 1990, EPA will
continue to emphasize a more active state role in wetlands protection through
the development of state wetlands programs. Specifically, EPA will encourage
state assumption of Section 404 permitting responsibilities and incorporation-
of wetland values into their Section 401 water quality certification process.
EPA will continue to perform its Section 404 responsibilities with emphasis on
more aggressive enforcement and the use of administrative penalties to address
permit violations.
In 1990, EPA's wetland research program will conduct research to quantify
the water quality functions of inland wetlands, to evaluate the sensitivity of
wetlands to contaminants, to consider the adequacy of existing water quality
criteria, to develop cumulative impact assessment procedures, and improve
methods and guidance to mitigate wetland loss. Efforts will be directed toward
developing methods for monitoring the ecological condition of the Nation's
wetlands, and evaluating the potential use of man-made wetlands for treating
wastewaters from small communities and acid mine drainage.
Near Coastal Waters and Oceans
EPA will place major emphasis on protecting and restoring the Nation's
near coastal waters (NCW) and oceans. Near coastal waters activities will be
increased to apply the national NCW assessment data to permitting and other
regulatory and management programs. The Gulf of Mexico Initiative will be
expanded to include a monitoring and data collection program to be used in
evaluating the environmental health of the Gulf. In addition, the Agency will
work with the Gulf States to initiate development of policy options under the
Gulf Initiative's Framework for Action.
Using information derived from experience in the Great Lakes, Chesapeake
Bay, other estuary projects, and near coastal pilot projects, EPA will expand a
national network for information exchange about near coastal water problems,
management tools, and innovative and successful management techniques. This
3-3
-------
network is helping officials, especially local coastal zone managers, to make
sound environmental decisions and use resources effectively.
/
In 1990, the National Estuary Program (NEP) will expand to include a total
of sixteen estuary projects. The Agency will continue to support the twelve
existing estuary projects, with the first of these projects moving into the
implementation stage of its comprehensive plan. Four new projects will be
selected and initiated on the basis of national significance, with priority
consideration given to project sites referenced in the amended CWA. These four
projects will expand the geographic coverage of the program, support the
further development of project expertise, and apply and test remedial
approaches developed in the earlier estuary projects.
In response to provisions of the 1987 Chesapeake Bay Agreement, EPA will
continue a permit compliance initiative, undertake pesticides monitoring, and
begin evaluating the effectiveness of nutrient control projects in preparation
for the 1991 reassessment of the Bay Agreement. At the same time, the Great
Lakes program will be addressing toxics problems as set forth in the 1987 U.S.-
Canada Agreement by beginning three In-Place Pollutant Demonstration projects
and adding the ship-board toxics analysis capability to its research vessel.
EPA will be continuing its involvement with the Corps of Engineers in the
designation and management of dredged material disposal sites. The Agency will
undertake more intensive sampling and testing to enhance the environmental
impact studies prepared by the Corps and better assure compliance with EPA
criteria. A number of Congressionally mandated projects focusing on the New
York Bight -- the restoration plan, the Mud Dump site alternative, and the 106
mile site reassessment -- will be carried out. The Agency will begin
implementing recommendations from the marine pollution studies, including
public education and citizen, monitoring.
The research program will develop and validate assessment methodologies to
support comprehensive protection and management planning for estuaries and near
coastal waters. Assessment methods are required to characterize point and
nonpoint sources of pollution, determine the exposure of and effect on living
resources to pollutants, and provide quantitative risk assessment for managing
estuarine and near coastal waters. Emphasis will be given to the
development/testing of biomarker assessment methods, development of wasteload
allocation models for estuaries, studies of system resiliency, recovery, and
eutrophication.
Nonpoint Source Pollution Control
Recognizing that NFS pollution is a major contributor to both toxic and
nontoxic water quality problems, EPA will assist states to successfully develop
and implement Section 319 programs that will anchor the long-term future of NFS
management efforts across the United States. We will proceed in 1989 with full
state management program approvals only where the state has clearly met the
requirements of the Act; elsewhere EPA will use partial program approvals
combined with EPA assistance to help upgrade state programs prior to approval.
In 1990, EPA will provide financial and technical assistance to states to make
certain that state NPS programs succeed in both the short- and long-term.
Specifically, EPA will provide information and tools states need in a
national outreach program aimed at generating public understanding of and
commitment to deal effectively with NPS pollution. This outreach program will
help build support for state/local funding initiatives and innovative use of
3-4
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State Revolving Fund resources. EPA will help states develop innovative
statewide program approaches to NFS prevention and control, including
regulatory programs, funding mechanisms and financial incentives. This will be
achieved through a comprehensive program that transfers technical information
and successful approaches for implementing targeted watershed projects and a
clearinghouse for state/local funding ideas.
To further strengthen NFS management, EPA will network existing statutory
and regulatory authorities as well as continue to develop water quality
standards, criteria and monitoring approaches for NFS pollution. EPA will
encourage states to leverage other program resources for NFS control,
especially those of the USDA, and emphasize public/private partnerships to
promote use of land conservancy as a Best Management Practice. EPA will
integrate its authorities and programs to deal with pesticide and fertilizer
contamination associated with agricultural practices and to coordinate use of
stormwater permitting requirements under Section 402(p) with state programs.
Control Discharges of Toxic and Hazardous Pollutants
By February 1989, states will develop and submit to EPA lists of waters,
sources, and amounts of toxic pollutants, and individual control strategies
(ICS) for reducing the discharge of toxic pollutants and hazardous substances
into impaired waters. The ICS will consist of National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) permits based on total maximum daily loadings and
wasteload allocations, as needed, and accompanying fact sheets. EPA must then
review and approve or disapprove the states' lists and ICS within 120 days.
One year thereafter, EPA must issue ICS where the states failed to do so or
where such ICS are not approved by EPA.
EPA and states will issue or modify major permits where assessments are
completed and toxic/toxicity controls determined, issue major permits with
toxic/toxicity limits or biomonitoring requirements where assessments have not
been completed but toxics problems have been identified, and issue Best
Available Technology (BAT) permits to organic chemical facilities. As toxic
and hazardous pollutants and control needs are identified, pretreatment
programs will become increasingly important, and municipalities will need to
incorporate appropriate local limits into their pretreatment program
requirements. EPA will continue to audit municipal pretreatment programs to
assess the need for new or revised local limits and determine if publicly owned
treatment works (POTWs) are properly applying categorical standards. EPA/state
enforcement actions will be taken where POTWs do not adequately implement their
approved pretreatment program. Additionally, direct enforcement against
non-complying industrial users will provide an immediately effective means of
controlling toxic pollutant and toxicity discharges to POTWs. To accompany the
increasing emphasis on toxic controls in permits, EPA continues to work with
states to develop, revise, and approve state sludge management programs.
Sludge disposal/use controls will continue to be incorporated into high
priority POTW permits, as will sludge monitoring requirements into other
expiring POTW permits.
EPA will also implement a Toxics Control Strategy for NPDES enforcement
that addresses compliance monitoring for toxics and toxicity, identifies how to
track the results of permittee toxicity reduction evaluations, and recommends
appropriate enforcement responses. This Strategy will significantly change the
NPDES inspection program and require inspections to include assessing permittee
biomonitoring and toxics sampling capabilities and performance.
3-5
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In support of improved toxic assessments and controls, EPA will improve
its surface water monitoring data base and technical procedures for performing
exposure and risk assessments and identifying hazards. The Agency will also
perform exposure and risk assessments to identify toxic pollutants that are the
most likely candidates for future 307(a) listing or other regulatory
requirements (e.g., developing EPA criteria). EPA will develop controls and/or
guidance for treating industrial discharges that are identified or suspected of
being toxic; continue to review existing and new industries pursuant to 304(m);
develop additional EPA criteria (including criteria for sediments); and develop
and/or update guidance for identifying impaired waters, conducting risk
assessments/wasteload allocations, controlling additional toxic and hazardous
substances that contribute to use impairment, and conducting monitoring
programs. In 1990, EPA will also work with states and Indian tribes as they
develop water quality standards for toxic pollutants.
The research program will focus on the development of improved approaches
for enhanced control of toxics and toxicity in municipal wastewater treatment
and the determination of specific biological pathways and decomposition
products. It will also continue to develop a data base on the kinetics of
removal of specific toxics by sorption, volatilization, and biodegradation;
correlate fate data with fundamental physical-chemical properties of the
compounds; develop predictive methods or models for the fate of toxics in
publicly-owned treatment works; develop toxicity reduction evaluation (TRE)
procedures for municipal wastewater treatment plants to support the Agency's
"Policy for Development of Water Quality-Based Permit Limitations"; and assess
the treatability in municipal wastewater treatment plants of leachates and
effluents from superfund sites and other solid and hazardous waste dischargers.
The research data will facilitate evaluation and prediction of the consequences
of toxics pass-through in various wastewaters into the freshwater and marine
environment, thereby enabling rational decisions under Sections 403(c) and
301(h) of the CWA. The data directly support the pretreatment studies
required in Section 519 of the Water Quality Act of 1987, and the Agency's
regulatory decisions on RCRA compounds.
Continue Environmental Gains
EPA is managing dual programs to finance wastewater treatment facilities
under the Clean Water Act -- the construction grants program and the new State
Revolving Fund (SRF) program -- and by 1990, will be midway in implementing the
Act's transition to state and local self sufficiency with SRFs. Capitalization
grants will be provided to states for establishing and managing their SRF
programs on a sound, self-sustaining basis. Also, with the assistance of the
Corps of Engineers, EPA will be managing the large number of active grant
projects to prompt and effective completion. EPA will continue to work closely
with state and local governments to ensure effective transition of project
level fiscal and management responsibilities. At the same time EPA will
undertake important initiatives in outreach assistance to hard pressed small
communities, coordinating wastewater and drinking water treatment program
efforts for maximum local benefit.
EPA will also address national issues relating to current infrastructure
protection, financial and administrative impacts of water quality requirements,
and toxic and sludge management requirements in small communities and states.
Oversight of delegated programs, operations and maintenance compliance efforts,
and effective completion of construction grants responsibilities will continue.
3-6
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In 1990 the National Municipal Policy (NMP) effort will be almost
complete, with all but 85 major municipal facilities expected to have completed
construction to meet final effluent limits. The 1990 effort for NMP will be to
track compliance for these facilities and for a small number of facilities that
will not meet their 1989 construction completion deadlines. The major emphasis
of the municipal and industrial enforcement program in 1990 will be to enforce
requirements in NPDES permits designed to control toxic discharges. This will
involve a higher percentage of toxics-related inspections and an anticipated
increase in significant noncompliance requiring more complex enforcement
actions. The emphasis for the pretreatment program will continue to be on
compliance by POTWs and Industrial Users (IUs), and expanding the IU
compliance assessment/enforcement activities where EPA or the state is the
control authority.
Recognizing the critical role of accurate water quality information for
Federal and state surface water pollution control activities, EPA will continue
to develop and improve the information base, technical tools and data systems
needed for effective decision-making by EPA and the states. This will include
implementation of a national data base containing lists of impacted waters;
enhancement of the Permit Compliance System data base to enable data systems
integration and graphics and mapping applications; development of specific
program guidance for state monitoring and water quality analysis programs;
development of technical guidance on biological monitoring, ecoregions and
other monitoring techniques; and direct technical assistance and training for
state staffs.
Consulting Services
The Agency uses contractual resources to fulfill the requirements of its
operating legislation, specifically in providing technical assistance to
Regions, state, and local governments; collecting data and monitoring
background levels as a basis for future regulatory actions; and conducting
studies and analysis which support new programs.
3-7
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WATER QUALITY
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
EPA Ocean Dumping Permits. . . .
Ocean Discharge Criteria
Evaluations
Construction Grants
Awards
Active Construction Grants
Proj ects
Construction Project
Completions
Permits Issued by EPA:
Municipal
Maj or
Sludge Requirements
Minor
Non-Municipal
Maj or
Minor
General
Adjudicatory Hearings
Settled
Enforcement Actions:
Inspections
Admin. Orders (AOs)
AOs with Penalties
Civil Litigation
Criminal Litigation
Clean Lakes Projects
Awarded
Water Oualitv Criteria
Actual
1988
25
12
634
6,244
806
160
0
304
176
533
3
22
2,484
1,145
135
85
13
0
10
Current
Estimate
1989
25
12
282
5,996
681
175
175
0
235
0
5
65
1,900
463
387
110
11
77
5
Estimate
1990
25
28
63
5,529
528
219
219
0
223
0
5
75
1,900
635
246
59
14
10
5
Increase +
Decrease -
1990 vs.
1989
0
+16
-219
-467
-153
+44
+44
0
-12
0
0
+10
0
+172
-141
-51
+3
-67
0
3-8
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WATER QUALITY
Actual
1988
Current
Estimate
1989
Estimate
1990
Increase
Decrease
1990 vs.
1989
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Cumulative Outputs
Operational SRF Programs....
Final Effluent guidelines....
Propose Regulations for
Sludge Reuse/Disposal
Options
NPDES State Program Approvals
National Estuary Projects....
8
37
5
39
12
40
41
5
39
12
51
43
5
40
16
+11
+2
0
+1
+4
3-9
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Research and
Development
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
WATER QUALITY 3-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Water Quality Research 3-10
Scientific Assessment . 3-14
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 3-15
Health Effects 3-17
Environmental Engineering and Technology 3-18
Environmental Processes and Effects 3-19
Great Lakes 3-20
-------
ACTUAL
1988
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Research
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment -
Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems And
Quality Assurance -
Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Health Effects - Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
And Effects - Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Great Lakes Research -
Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
$315.4
$336.0
$651.4
$2,501.6
$906.7
$3,408.3
$1,212.1
$82.8
$1,294.9
$2,315.2
$3,268.4
$5,583.6
$8,998.9
$2,519.6
$11,518.5
$444 . 8
$1,456.7
$1,901.5
$15,788.0
$8,570.2
$310.2
$341.7
$651.9
$3,068.3
$1,006.4
$4,074.7
$661.5
$661.5
$2,143.0
$3,357.5
$5,500.5
$8,820.9
$2,674.8
$11,495.7
$461.5
$1,497.6
$1,959.1
$15,465.4
$8,878.0
$287.3
$316.7
$604.0
$3,013.3
$1,006.4
$4,019.7
$593.7
$593.7
$2,124.8
$3,352.6
$5,477.4
$8,870.0
$2,674.8
$11,544.8
$461.5
$1,497.6
$1,959.1
$15,350.6
$8,848.1
$305.0
$316.7
$621.7
$3,383.7
$1,006.4
$4,390.1
$614.2
$614.2
$2,558.6
$3,482.5
$6,041.1
$9,132.0
$3,529.8
$12,661.8
$480.0
$1,497.6
$1,977.6
$16,473.5
$9,833.0
$17.7
$17.7
$370.4
$370.4
$20.5
$20.5
$433.8
$129.9
$563.7
$262.0
$855.0
$1,117.0
$18.5
$18.5
$1,122.9
$984.9
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
Water Quality Research TOTAL $24,358.2 $24,343.4 $24,198.7 $26,306.5 $2,107.8
3-10
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Research
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Water
Monitoring Systems And
Quality Assurance -
Water
Health Effects - Water
Environmental
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
4.0 5.5 5.1 5.0 -.1
43.6 55.5 54.5 54.4 -.1
22.9 9.5 9.1 9.1
35.1 37.5 37.4 37.3 -.1
Engineering And
Technology - Water
Environmental Processes
And Effects - Water
Great Lakes Research -
Water
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Engineering And
Technology - Water
Environmental Processes
And Effects - Water
Great Lakes Research -
Water
TOTAL WORKYEARS
145.2
4.6
255.4
152.8
8.0
268.8
161.1
7.2
282.5
152.8
8.0
268.8
152.4
8.0
266.5
152.4
8.0
26.6.5
152.2
8.0
266.0
Scientific Assessment -
Water
Monito
Qualit
Water
Health
ring Systems And
y Assurance -
Effects - Water
Environmental
5
47
25
35
.5
.0
.8
.9
5
55
9
37
.5
.5
.5
.5
5
54
9
37
.1
.5
.1
.4
5
54
9
37
.0
.4
.1
.3
152.2
8.0
266.0
-.2
-.1
-.1
-.1
-.2
-.5
3-11
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Research
Principal Outputs by Objective
Objective 1: Develop Scientific Data to Support a Water Quality Based Approach
to Pollution Control
1990: o Report on validation of water quality criteria for Selenium
(Environmental Processes)
o Report on water quality functions of wetlands (Environmental
Processes)
o Report on the chronic toxicology of phthalic acids (Health)
o Prepare 10 new health advisories (Scientific Assessment)
o Evaluate monitoring techniques and a generic approach to measure-
ments of toxic compounds (Monitoring)
1989: o Finalize 55 water quality addenda for water criteria
documents (Scientific Assessment)
o Evaluate and standardize methodology for quantification of human
pathogens (Monitoring)
o Report on developing sediment quality criteria from existing water
quality criteria (Environmental Processes)
1988: o Provide addenda to 65 ambient water quality documents (Scientific
Assessment)
o Provide bioassay approach for evaluating the health hazards of
waste water effluents (Health)
o Report on the toxicity identification of the toxic components of
effluents (Environmental Processes)
Objective 2: Develop Scientific Data Needed to Support Environmentally Sound
Ocean Disposal. Estuarine and Great Lakes Programs
1990: o Assessment of the second generation techniques for permitting
ocean outfalls (Environmental Processes)
o Verification of models used in 301 (h) to define the zone of
initial dilution and water quality parameters (Environmental
Processes)
1989: o Development of validation of solid phase bioaccumulation tests
(Environmental Processes)
o Report on the ecological effects of nutrients vs. contaminants
from Publically-Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) (Environmental
Processes)
o Report on methods for predicting biological impacts of in-place
pollutants in the upper Great Lakes connecting channels
(Environmental Processes)
3-12
-------
1988: o Risk assessment of the ocean disposal of dredged material
(Environmental Processes)
o Report on assessment and application of pollutants biomag-
nification evaluation techniques (Environmental Processes)
o Report describing mass balances of toxicants of concern in the
upper Great Lakes connecting channels (Environmental Processes)
Objective 3: Evaluation of Innovative and Alternative (I/A)Technologies.
Sludge Management Alternatives and Toxicity Reduction Methods and Technology
1990: o Finalize surface impoundment methodology (Scientific Assessment)
o Report on the fate of toxic organics during sludge treatment
(Engineering)
o Report on pilot-scale treatability studies on the pesticides
manufacturing wastewater (Engineering)
o Maintain discharge monitoring report as support for the quality
assurance program (Monitoring)
1989: o Finalize pathogen land application methodology (Scientific
Assessment)
o Standardize methodology for collection, identification, and
enumeration of human pathogenic organisms in sludge and soil to
monitor the safety of direct land-application of wastewater and/or
sludge (Monitoring)
o Report on evaluation of effectiveness of available methodology for
reducing toxic metals and organics from incineration emissions
(Engineering)
1988: o Finalize chemical methodologies responding to the Science Advisory
Board's (SAB's) concerns (Scientific Assessment)
o Provide real-time process monitoring methodology for toxic
conditions (Monitoring)
o Report on the occurrence of synthetic chemical constituents in
distribution and marketing sludge products (Health)
3-13
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $26,306,500 supported by 266.0 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $2,107,800 and a decrease of 0.5 in total
workyears from 1989. Of the request, $16,473,500 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $9,833,000 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation, an increase of $1,122,900 and of $984,900, respectively.
Program Objectives
The Water Quality research program provides the scientific and technical
data to states and the EPA's Office of Water in implementing the Clean Water
Act and the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act.
Objective 1: Develop Scientific Data to Support a Water Quality Based
Approach to Pollution Control. This research provides the scientific base to
help states develop water quality standards, to conduct use-attainability
analyses and to provide needed information to implement a water quality based
pollution control program.
Objective 2: Develop Scientific Data Needed to Support Environmentally
Sound Ocean Disposal. Estuarine and Great Lakes Programs. This activity
provides the research needed by EPA for evaluating impacts of ocean disposal
practices, understanding the Great Lakes ecosystems and developing responsive
and scientifically valid estuarine and coastal waters programs.
Objective 3: Evaluation of Innovative and Alternative (I/A) Technolo-
gies. Sludge Management Alternatives and Toxicity Reduction Methods and
Technology. The wastewater research program provides the technical
information, engineering, and monitoring necessary to develop and implement
regulations and guidance for sludge disposal, control municipal treatment
plants to bring them into compliance with state discharge permits, and to
support the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES).
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $621,700 supported by 5.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $305,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $316,700 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $17,700 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, no change in the Research and Development
appropriation, and an reduction of 0.1 in total workyears. The increase in
Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs. The
3-14
-------
workyear reduction reflects a consolidation of resources for the Regional
Scientist Program within the Interdisciplinary Media.
Develop Scientific Data to Support a Water Quality Based Approach to
Pollution Control. This activity, in support of Post-BAT requirements, will
continue to support the Agency and the states in modifying, and implementing
health criteria for ambient water quality. This activity also develops health
advisories in support of effluent regulations for toxics and provides technical
support to the regions and states on risk assessments and the theories behind
them.
Evaluation of Innovative and Alternative (I/A') Technologies. Sludge
Management Alternatives and Toxicity Reduction Methods and Technology. The
CWA Amendments require the Agency to identify and regulate toxic pollutants in
sludge. This program will provide technical support in developing and
implementing these regulations including the development of criteria for the
assessment of hazard and risk from exposure to pathogens in sludge, and
surface impoundments methodology for disposed of municipal sludge.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $604,000 supported by 5.1
total workyears for this program, of which $287,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $316,700 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. The research efforts as in 1990 supports the Agency and states
on health criteria for water quality, develops health advisories in support of
effluent regulations, provides technical support for risk assessments to the
regions and states, develops criteria for assessment of hazard and risk from
pathogens in sludge, and develop methodology for disposal of municipal sludge
in surface impoundments.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $651,400 supported by 5.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $315,400 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $336,000 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. The program revised 65 ambient water quality documents.
Provided technical support to the regions and states on criteria documents.
Initiated pathogen and application methodology for use in risk assessment and
finalized chemical methodology responding to the Science Advisory Boards
(SAB's) comments.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,390,100 supported by 54.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,383,700 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,006,400 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $370,400 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, with no change in the Research and Development
appropriation and an reduction of 0.1 total workyears. The increase in
Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs. The
3-15
-------
workyear reduction reflects a consolidation of resources for the Regional
Scientist Program within the Interdisciplinary Media.
Develop Scientific Data to Support a Water Quality Based Approach to
Pollution Control. The CWA Amendments place emphasis on the development of
methods to measure and monitor water quality. In support of this activity, the
program will develop and standardize methods and provide field tested protocols
to assess ambient water quality. In addition, the program will evaluate
biological monitoring techniques and a generic approach for the chemical
measurement of toxic organics and inorganics in ambient sources.
Evaluation of Innovative and Alternative (I/A) Technologies. Sludge
Management Alternatives and Toxicitv Reduction Methods and Technology. The
Discharge Monitoring Report-Quality Assurance (DMRQA) Support Program will be
maintained to provide quality, self-monitoring DMRQA data submitted to the
States and EPA by the 7,000 major dischargers within the National Pollution
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES).
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,019,700 supported by 54.5
total workyears for this program, of which $3,013,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,006,400 is from the Research' and Development
appropriation.
This research program is evaluating chemical monitoring methods and
protocols designed to measure site-specific aspects of water quality. The
program provides cost-effective monitoring methods for the measurement of
chemical and biological parameters required in the National Pollution
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program and in the assessment of water
quality and contaminants in sediments and sludges.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $3,408,300 supported by 47.0
total workyears for its monitoring and quality assurance program in water
quality, of which $2,501,600 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $906,700 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In support of the Clean Water Act, the Marine Protection Research and
Sanctuaries Act, and the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES), standardized analytical methods were developed for the quantification
of physical phenomena and chemical characteristics of water, wastewater,
biological tissues, sediments, and sludges. Interlaboratory comparisons were
performed to assess the performance of chemical and biological methods for the
analysis of contaminants regulated under NPDES. A repository of toxic
standards and calibration samples was maintained.
3-16
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HEALTH EFFECTS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $614,200 supported by 9.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $614,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and no dollars for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $20,500 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, with no change in total workyears. The increase in Salaries and
Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs.
Evaluation of Innovative and Alternative (I/A) Technologies. Sludge
Management Alternatives and Toxicity Reduction Methods and Technology. Health
effects associated with exposure to chemicals found in sludge or sludge
products will be evaluated. The data generated from this research support the
development and defense of sludge disposal criteria. Methods will also be
developed to determine the delivered dose to target sites from exposure to
chemicals found in sludge.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $593,700 supported by 9.1
total workyears for this program, of which $593,700 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and no dollars for the Research and Development
appropriation.
The research program is providing data on the health aspects of chemicals
found in sludges used for land application, distribution and marketing and
other use and disposal options. To support risk evaluation of various sludge
disposal options, this in-house program is conducting research in dose-response
toxicology on major chemicals found in sludge products and on biological
indicators of dose to determine human exposure to chemicals found in sludge.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $1,294,900 supported by 25.8
total workyears for this program, of which $1,212,100 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $82,800 was from the Research and Development
appropriation.
Research activities were directed toward developing health effect
bioassays to support the evaluation of wastewater effluents and sludges, and
the occurrence of pathogens in sludge. A number of reports relating to this
research were produced. Several were: a health effects bioassay methods
manual for determining whether receiving streams meet water quality standards;
a report on the occurrence of synthetic chemical constituents in sludges and
sludge products in distribution and marketing channels; a report on survival of
ascaris eggs, a major pathogen contaminant in wastewater sludges, when sludges
are deposited on soils; and a report on the infectious dose of viruses in
environmental samples.
3-17
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ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,041,100 supported by 37.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,558,600 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,482,500 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $433,800 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, with an increase of $129,900 in the Research and
Development appropriation, and an reduction of 0.1 in total workyears. The
increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support
costs. The workyear reduction reflects a consolidation of resources for the
Regional Scientist Program within the Interdisciplinary Media.
Evaluation of Innovative and Alternative (I/A) Technologies. Sludge
Management Alternatives and Toxicitv Reduction Methods and Technology.
Innovative and alternative technologies will be evaluated to determine and
promote more cqst-effective treatment processes. Technical support will be
provided to the Office of Water on sludge regulation development and
implementation. To support the development of permit limitations for
municipal and industrial wastewaters, toxicity treatability will be assessed.
Toxicity reduction evaluation procedures and removal capabilities will also be
developed for the various treatment processes. Technical support will be
provided to municipalities to upgrade existing plant capabilities to achieve
compliance with minimal costs. Research and technical assistance related to
constructed wetlands will be initiated to evaluate the cost effectiveness and
efficiency of this treatment as an option.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,477,400 supported by 37.4
total workyears for this program, of which $2,124,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,352,600 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
Technology evaluations are being conducted on selected potential I/A
candidates. Technical support and engineering assistance are being provided
to EPA and municipalities for the development and implementation of sludge
technical regulation, especially in the area of sludge incineration. Support
and assistance are being provided to the state for the development of sludge
and permitting requirements rules. Treatment mechanisms in activated sludge
and other aerobic treatment processes in terms of toxics removal and control
are being investigated.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $5,583,600 supported by 35.9
total workyears for this program, of which $2,315,200 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $3,268,400 was from the Research and
Development appropriation.
3-18
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Several of the engineering accomplishments were: evaluation on
partitioning of harmful materials in sludge between sludge and seawater,
development of municipal Toxicity Reduction Evaluation (TRE) protocol with
case history, standard bench-scale testing protocol for assessing the
treatability of toxics in wastewater, and TRE case history for the Chesapeake
Bay program.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,661,800 supported by 152.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $9,132,000 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,529,800 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $262,000, in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, and an increase of $855,000 in the Research and
Development appropriation. Total workyears will decrease by 0.2 FTE. The
increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support
costs. The increase in the Research and Development appropriation reflects
additional research on sediment quality issues, new research on constructed
wetlands, and new research equipment to support the estuarine and coastal
waters research programs. The workyear reduction reflects a consolidation of
resources for the Regional Scientist Program within the Interdisciplinary
Media.
. Develop Scientific Data to Support a Water Quality Based - Approach to
Pollution Control. In response to the new Post-BAT requirements of the CWA
Amendments, the research program will develop methods to determine what uses
are attainable in aquatic systems, and to work on integrating pollutant-
specific control methods with whole toxicity testing procedures and best
available technology limits for use in permitting. Research will also
strengthen the scientific and technical data base and methodologies to assess
water quality functions of wetlands, to assess individual and cumulative
impacts of wetland conversions, and evaluate means of mitigating actions on
wetlands. Increased emphasis will be given to research on sediment quality
issues. The data from these studies will assist the States in developing
individual strategies for controlling toxic pollutants found in sediments.
Develop Scientific Data Needed to Support Environmentally Sound Ocean
Disposal. Estuarine and Great Lakes Programs. This activity will develop risk
assessment procedures to permit the evaluation of impacts due to the ocean
disposal of wastes in coastal waters. The integration of these procedures will
allow the determination of the relative safety of ocean disposal and provide
for the comparison of alternative disposal strategies. Research will also be
conducted to support the Agency's strategy to reduce pollution in near coastal
waters. The research program will focus on recovery of coastal ecosystems,
development of biomarker assessment methods, and development of wasteload
allocation models for estuarine and coastal waters.
3-19
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Evaluation of Innovative and Alternative (I/A) Technologies. Sludge
Management Alternatives and Toxicity Reduction Methods and Technology.
Research will continue to maintain and update the existing gas chromatograph/
mass spectroscopy tape library and develop new analytical data bases of toxic
pollutants found in industrial wastewater. The data bases will provide the
information on wastewater treatment technology needed to support the NPDES
program. Research on ecological fate and effects issues associated with
wetlands constructed for wastewater treatment will be initiated to evaluate the
effects of this option.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $11,544,800 supported by
152.4 total workyears for this program, of which $8,870,000 is from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $2,674,800 is from the Research and
Development appropriation.
Research is being conducted to develop methods to integrate whole
effluent testing procedures with chemical specific control technology. The
methods to assess water quality functions of wetlands, the cumulative loss of
wetlands as well as the mitigation of impacts on wetlands are being developed.
Research on methods to better assess the impacts of ocean disposal activities
is being conducted. These procedures will' be used in risk assessments.
Estuarine and near coastal waters research is focused on questions of ecosystem
recovery, eutrophication, wasteload allocation and biomarkers as assessment
techniques in coastal waters.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $11,518,500 supported by 161.1
total workyears for this program, of which $8,998,900 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $2,519,600 was from the Research and
Development appropriation.
Major accomplishments included the development of aquatic life water
quality criteria documents and water quality advisories. A report on the
identification of the toxic components of effluents using toxicity tests,
completion of a risk assessment of the ocean disposal of dredged materials,
and a. report on assessment and application of biomagnification evaluation
techniques.
GREAT LAKES
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,977,600 supported by 8.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $480,000 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,497,600 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $18,500 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, with no change in the Research and Development
appropriation or total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses
reflects increased personnel and support costs.
3-20
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Develop Scientific Data Needed to Support Environmentally Sound Ocean
Disposal. Estuarine and Great Lakes Programs. Research will develop and test
methods to determine the sources, movement and effects of toxic substances in
the Great Lakes. Emphasis will be given to research on in-place pollutants and
mass balance studies. This program will also provide the Great Lakes National
Program Office, Regions II, III and V, the Great Lakes states, and the
International Joint Commission (under the US/Canada Water Quality Agreement)
with technical support and research data.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,959,100 supported by 8.0
total workyears for this program, of which $461,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,497,600 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. The program is focusing on the impact and fate of toxic
materials in areas of concern identified by the Great Lakes Water Quality
Board. Emphasis is on in-place pollutants, chemical mass balance research, and
evaluation of the effectiveness of confined disposal facilities for dredged
material.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $1,901,500 supported by 7.2
total workyears for this program, of which $444,800 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,456,700 was from the Research and Development
appropriation.
Among the accomplishments of the Great Lakes Research program were: a
report describing the mass balance of toxicants of concern in the upper Great
Lakes connecting channels; and technical assistance provided to the Great Lakes
National Program Office, the Regions, and the International Joint Commission.
3-21
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Abatement and
Control
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
WATER QUALITY 3-1
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Water Quality and Grants Program Management 3-22
Water Quality Management 3-24
Great Lakes Program 3-26
Chesapeake Bay Program 3-28
Effluent Standards and Guidelines 3-31
Grants Assistance Programs 3-34
Clean Lakes Program 3-35
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106) 3-36
Water Quality Strategies Implementation 3-40
Wetlands Protection 3-42
Ocean Disposal Permits . . -. 3-45
Environmental Emergency Response and Prevention 3-47
Standards and Regulations 3-48
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis 3-51
Coastal Environment Management • 3-53
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis 3-55
Municipal Source Control 3-58
Municipal Waste Treatment Facility Construction 3-60
Waste Treatment Operations and Maintenance 3-62
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality And Grants Program Management
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Water Quality
Management
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Great Lakes Program
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$4,191.8 $4,932.0 $4,915.9 $5,298.4
$777.4 $1,171.0 $1,187.0 $1,187.0
TOTAL $4,969.2 $6,103.0 $6,102.9 $6,485.4
$1,410.5 $2,382.9 $2,382.9 $2,407.2
$9,472.4 $11,097.3 $11,023.7 $9,023.7
Chesapeake Bay Program
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$1,451.3 $1,216.2 $1,216.2 $1,264.8
$10,244.1 $11,000.0 $10,948.8 $10,698.8
TOTAL $11,695.4 $12,216.2 $12,165.0 $11,963.6
$382.5
$382.5
$24.3
-$2,000.0
TOTAL $10,882.9 $13,480.2 $13,406.6 $11,430.9 -$1,975.7
$48.6
-$250.0
-$201.4
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Water Quality And
Grants Program
Management
$7,053.6 $8,531.1 $8,515.0 $8,970.4 $455.4
$20,493.9 $23,268.3 $23,159.5 $20,909.5 -$2,250.0
TOTAL $27,547.5 $31,799.4 $31,674.5 $29,879.9 -$1,794.6
3-22
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality And Grants Program Management
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Water Quality
Management
Great Lakes Program
Chesapeake Bay Program
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Water Quality
Management
Great Lakes Program
Chesapeake Bay Program
TOTAL WORKYEARS
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
82.8 99.5 99.1 105.7 6.6
21.2 33.0 32.4 35.4 3.0
15.5 9.5 9.5 10.0 5
119.5 142.0 141.0 151.1 10.1
88.1 103.2 102.7 105.7 3.0
24.8 36.0 35.4 35.4
17.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
129.9 149.2 148.1 151.1 3.0
3-23
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WATER
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality and Grants Program Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $29,879,900 supported by 151.1 total
workyears for 1990, a decrease of $1,794,600 and an increase of 3.0 total
workyears from 1989. Of the request, $8,970,400 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $20,909,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $455,400 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a decrease of $2,250,000 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,485,400 supported by 105.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $5,298,400 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,187,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $382,500 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, no change in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 3.0 total workyears. The increase
will be used to initiate a National outreach program to educate the public and
local governments on nonpoint source (NFS) controls and to enhance the
dissemination of innovative/successful approaches to implementing targeted NFS
management programs.
In 1990, EPA will have approved most states' Section 319 NFS assessment
reports and management programs and the states will be working with EPA to
implement and refine these programs. EPA will initiate a National outreach
program to educate the public/local governments on NFS control and will
continue to implement a comprehensive program encouraging targeted
implementation to protect critical aquatic habitats. Supported by
Headquarters policies, guidance and technical support, Regions will work with
states to address categories of nonpoint sources inadequately addressed by
management programs. A final report to Congress will be prepared summarizing
the states' progress in implementing Section 319, including recommendations for
needed programmatic changes. Regions will continue negotiating and managing
work programs for Section 205(j)(5) grants to 57 states and territories to
complete development and/or initiate implementation of NFS management programs.
Headquarters will conduct limited program audits to assure national consistency
in the award and management of Section 205(j)(5) grants.
Headquarters will continue to allocate Section 106 funds to Regions,
states, and Indian tribes; provide guidance on basic program issues; conduct
mid-year evaluations of Regional programs; and evaluate the performance of
selected Indian tribes and regional organizations. Regions will continue to
negotiate and provide Sections 106 and 205(j)(l) grant funds to 203 state/
interstate/regional organizations and Indian tribe water quality agencies,
3-24
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ensuring that these funds are utilized effectively and targeted to critical
water quality needs. To accomplish this, Regions will issue guidance and
funding targets for specific priority activities, provide technical and
management assistance, track and evaluate grantee performance, and assure that
state level-of-effort (LOE) requirements are met.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,102,900 supported by 102.7
total workyears for this program, of which $4,915,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,187,000 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The review, revision, and approval of state NFS assessment reports and
management programs continues, leading to approval of approximately 52 state
management programs. An annual report to Congress is being prepared
summarizing the states' progress in implementing Section 319. Approximately 10
workshops and 10 consultations are being provided to states on proven
technologies for the design and implementation of watershed-level control
systems. Regions are negotiating and managing work programs for 205(j)(5)
grants to 57 states and territories to complete development and begin
implementing NFS management programs, and program audits are being conducted by
Headquarters to assure national consistency.
Headquarters is allocating Section 106 funds to Regions, states and Indian
tribes, providing guidance on basic program issues, conducting mid-year
evaluations of Regional programs and evaluating the performance of selected
Indian tribes. Regions continue to negotiate and provide Sections 106 and
205(j)(l) grant funds to 203 state, interstate, regional organizations and
Indian tribe water quality agencies. _ .
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $4,969,200 supported by 88^1
total workyears for this program, of which $4,191,800 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $777,400 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
Headquarters directed the development and approval of state NFS
assessment reports and management programs and provided technical support to
the Regions and states. Policies and guidance were issued, including technical
guidance describing current best management practices and encouraging the use
of technological and managerial innovations developed through the Chesapeake
Bay, Great Lakes, and the Department of Agriculture's Rural Clean Water
Programs. Regions provided review and approval of state submissions and
assisted selected states to correct deficiencies; negotiated and awarded
205(j)(5) grants; and provided support to ensure Federal, state and
intra-agency consistency on NFS management. Headquarters and Regions also
encouraged and assisted states to target their resources and those available
from other Federal agencies to high priority water quality needs.
In 1988, Headquarters conducted basic grants management functions for
Section 106 and 205(j) grants. The Water Quality Management grant regulations
were revised and policy and guidance were issued to assist the Regions to
provide grants to approximately 30 Indian tribes and 50 regional organizations.
Headquarters completed a State Funding Study, identifying the funding needs for
state management of water programs, and provided information on alternative
3-25
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financing mechanisms to advance states' efforts toward development of
innovative financing techniques to address state funding needs.
Regional staff worked to negotiate and manage performance-based Section
106, 205(j)(l), and non-construction 205(g) grants to state/interstate
agencies. In 1988, Regions began to provide grants directly to eligible Indian
tribes and ensured that the pass-through requirements applicable to local
agencies for Section 205(j)(l) funding were met. Regions also ensured that
state financial accounting systems met generally accepted accounting principles
and that state expenditures matched approved work programs.
GREAT LAKES PROGRAM
1990 Program Request
.0
The Agency requests a total of $11,430,900 supported by 35.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,407,200 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $9,023,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $24,300 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, a decrease of $2,000,000 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and no change in total
workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel
and support costs. The decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects
a reduced level of expenditures following the completion of the purchase and
refitting of the replacement research vessel and the nearing of completion of
Remedial Action Plans (RAPs) for 30 U.S. Areas of Concern (AOCs) identified by
the International Joint Commission (IJC).
Under the Clean Water Act (CWA) , as amended, and the Great Lakes Water
Quality Agreement (GLWQA), the Great Lakes National Program Office (GLNPO) will
continue to provide technical and management leadership to address the
emerging problems of persistent toxics in tributaries and near shore waters.
This includes continuing support to state and local agencies to develop RAPs.
By the end of 1990, 29 of the 30 plans are scheduled to be completed. The
development of complementary Lakewide Management Plans will continue with
initial plans developed for Lake Michigan and Lake Ontario.
The program office will continue with the Assessment and Remediation of
Contaminated Sediments projects (formerly the In-Place Pollutant
Demonstrations) at sites selected in 1989. These projects support RAP
implementation by determining feasible technology for abatement of contaminated
sediment problems, which have been identified in most of the AOCs. Outfitting
of the Agency's replacement research vessel with laboratory modules for toxics
monitoring needs will be completed. The configuration of the modules will be
based in part on the findings of the Green Bay Mass Balance Modeling Study.
Technical support for and tracking of various state-level nonpoint source
control programs designed to implement the U.S. phosphorus reduction plan will
continue. The program office will continue to convene .and participate in
bilateral U.S./Canadian committees and task forces. The program will provide
technical support to EPA Headquarters and to the Department of State on
official Canadian requests concerning the United States' Great Lakes policies
and programs. GLNPO will support Regions II, III, and V on water quality
standards and on technical matters in the development and review of permits and
permit compliance impacting the Great Lakes.
3-26
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Great Lakes monitoring and source assessment activities will continue
through annual programs for conventional and toxic pollutants; collection,
analyses, and reporting on both open lake migratory and near shore
non-migratory fish; and for collection of precipitation samples for the
analyses of metals, nutrients, and organic toxics through the Great Lakes
Atmospheric Deposition (GLAD) network. Surveillance activities will include
continued biological sampling and the addition of air monitoring stations in
the GLAD network. These analyses will be used to determine metals and nutrient
loadings to the Great Lakes as a basis for the design and operation of regional
pollution abatement programs. The Green Bay Mass Balance Study is developing
predictive models for identification, transport, and fate of toxic substances.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $13,406,600 supported by 35.4
total workyears for this program, of which $2,382,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $11,023,700 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
GLNPO is completing the preliminary field work and biological and chemical
studies required to select sites and begin the first projects in the Assessment
and Remediation of Contaminated Sediments Program. In addition, pilot scale
demonstrations of promising remedial technologies are being conducted.
Specifications are being developed and a contract is being bid and let for the
overhaul and outfitting of the replacement vessel to support Great Lakes
research activities. GLNPO is continuing to provide direction and technical
assistance to states in the development, review, and implementation of RAPs for
26 of the 30 U.S. AOCs.
The program office is beginning to carry out the recommendations of the
1988 Nonpoint Source Reduction Plan Implementation Report called for under
Annex 3 of the GLWQA. GLNPO is tracking nonpoint source pollution control
practices and providing technical assistance and monitoring for the Great Lakes
States' phosphorus reduction efforts, including elements of the 1986 United
States Plan for Phosphorus Load Reduction to Lake Erie, Lake Ontario and
Saginaw Bay. Tributary monitoring for toxic pollutants is underway.
The expansion of the GLAD network has increased its analytical and
research capabilities. GLNPO is also completing data acquisition for the Green
Bay Mass Balance Study and beginning the analysis and interpretation of the
data.
GLNPO is completing the negotiation of agreements with appropriate
agencies, as specified in the CWA. Specific cooperative studies are being
conducted with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to develop a
research inventory. GLNPO will publish the results of the bi-national multi-
agency Upper Great Lakes Connecting Channel study for use in developing the
international RAPs for the St. Marys, St. Clair, and Detroit Rivers.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $10,882,900 supported by 24.8
total workyears for this program, of which $1,410,500 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $9,472,400 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
3-27
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The program office continued preliminary work to meet CWA requirements for
selecting and initiating the Assessment and Remediation of Contaminated
Sediments projects. The office also continued to conduct monitoring activities
and laboratory analysis with emphasis on in-place toxics and establishment of
the enhanced GLAD network to identify and quantify airborne toxics. Additional
activities included continuation of both the Green Bay Mass Balance Study and a
major effort to assist state and local agencies in review and completion of
RAPs for 11 of 30 U.S. Areas of Concern. GLNPO also worked with all concerned
parties to begin implementing the 1987 revisions to the GLWQA.
GLNPO continued its sampling network and laboratory activities. The
various water chemistry, biota, sediment, and air analyses called for under
GLWQA were carried out. The program office functioned as the catalyst to
develop uniform multi-state fish consumption advisories.
CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,963,600 supported by 10.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,264,800 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,698,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $48,600 in Salaries
and Expenses, a decrease of $250,000 in Abatement, Control and Compliance, and
no- change in total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects
increased personnel and support costs. The decrease in Abatement, Control and
Compliance reflects a reduced level of expenditures following development of
the Basinwide Toxics Reduction Strategy and completion of related start-up
activities.
The Agency will continue to meet its expanded responsibilities under the
Chesapeake Bay Agreement (CBA) of 1987 among the three Bay States of
Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia, the District of Columbia, and EPA. A
redirection of program activities will continue in order to meet the CBA
signatories' commitment to reducing the level of nutrients in the Bay by 40
percent by the year 2000 as well as to meet the Clean Water Act requirements to
assess and control toxics through the program's ongoing monitoring activities.
Under the expanded CWA responsibilities and CBA commitments, the Chesapeake Bay
Liaison Office (CBLO) will continue to provide technical and management
leadership in nutrient control and begin to address the emerging problems of
persistent toxics in the Bay basin. The CBLO will continue its efforts to
control nonpoint toxic sources by providing matching grants to the Bay states
to implement such controls and improve the rate of progress to .achieve the
established levels of pollutant load reductions. Emphasis will continue on
implementing the toxics strategy developed in 1989. The program will continue
to give priority to nonpoint source pollution controls and the development of
the time-varying Bay water quality model, as well as to the monitoring efforts
needed to calibrate the model.
Building on the knowledge gained over the past several years concerning
the effectiveness of best management practices (BMPs) to reduce erosion and
sedimentation and manage animal waste, the states' and EPA will continue to
increase the number of acres treated, thus providing a greater reduction in the
flow of nutrients to the Bay. By combining living resources, habitat
requirements, and the geographic locations of prime habitat with monitoring
data, and by modeling the effects of current and proposed point and nonpoint
3-28
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source control actions, the CBLO will provide CBA participants with the
information necessary to target their efforts and improve cost effectiveness.
The information from the 1989 inspection of BMP installations will be used to
further improve nonpoint source control targeting and to modify the nonpoint
source control programs as necessary. Efforts to improve compliance of Bay
dischargers under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
will continue through implementation of the Bay Compliance Initiative.
The Agency will continue to provide technical and administrative staff
support to both the Chesapeake Bay Implementation Committee and Executive
Council. Coordination functions will continue to be carried out with the
states, other Federal agencies, and other Bay management agencies to ensure
that continued progress is made in restoring Bay water quality. The Agency's
support for monitoring the mainstem of the Bay will continue in concert with
the states' focus on monitoring the major tributaries. Continued support will
be provided for maintaining and improving the Chesapeake Bay data system, which
is reported on annually.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $12,165,000 supported by 10.0
total workyears for this program, of which $1,216,200 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,948,800 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The Agency is continuing to work with the Bay States to implement the
elements of the 1987 CBA. This includes development of criteria for the
protection of water quality and habitat conditions, a plan to reduce and
control toxic materials entering the Bay from point and nonpoint sources, and a
plan to achieve point and nonpoint source reduction from Federal installations
that parallels the states' load reduction.
Matching grants to the Bay states for the implementation of nonpoint
source controls are continuing to help states achieve the established levels of
pollutant load reductions. Assistance is provided primarily to identify
critical farm units within sub-basins, develop plans and schedules for
implementing BMPs, define outreach programs to encourage farmer participation,
and develop long-term comprehensive implementation programs. The primary
objective is to demonstrate the effectiveness of BMPs in critical areas so that
more farmers will adopt the practices. Water quality monitoring of pilot areas
is being used in conjunction with water quality models to continue to evaluate
the results of nonpoint source control implementation and develop quantitative
relationships between pollution controls and improvement of water quality. As
part of the time variant model development process, the steady state Bay model
and its sister watershed model are being updated and calibrated. Work is
expanding in the areas of toxics control and coordination of pollution controls
to improve the management of living resources in the Bay. This work includes
initial investigations into nonpoint sources of toxics, such as sediments and
the surface microlayer.
Efforts toward improving compliance under the NPDES are beginning with the
Bay Compliance Initiative, which increases the collection and evaluation of
discharge monitoring reports and other compliance information on a timely
basis.
The research and programmatic activities relating to the Bay and its basin
of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the U.S. Geological
3-29
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Survey, the Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the
Fish and Wildlife Service of the Department of the Interior continue to be
coordinated through the CBLO.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $11,695,400 supported by 17.0
total workyears for this program, of which $1,451,300 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,244,100 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
During 1988, the Agency continued to award grants to the Bay States to
implement the recommendations of the Chesapeake Bay Restoration and Protection
Plan of 1985. These 50 percent cost sharing grants continued to emphasize
nonpoint source control efforts and were targeted on projects which support the
long-term need for reducing loadings of toxics and nutrients. Grant assistance
was also provided to implement controls on new urban and suburban development
and on methods to retrofit nonpoint source controls in developed areas. About
150,000 acres have been treated with BMPs, and 1,170,000 tons of soil have been
saved from erosion. Nearly 4,630,000 pounds of phosphorus have been prevented
from entering the Bay.
The effort to produce a steady state model of water quality in the Bay has
been completed and the three-year effort to produce a second generation,
time-varying model of Bay water quality has completed its second year. These
models were designed as the bridge between water quality, living resource
criteria and objectives, and point and nonpoint source load controls programs.
The steady state model provided the analytical tools which were used to begin
developing abatement and control programs.
3-30
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WATER QUALITY
Effluent Standards & Guidelines
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Effluent Standards &
Guidelines
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$3,094.4 $3,691.2 $3,659.7 $3,669.7
$3,299.8 $6,212.4 $6,137.5 $6,137.5
TOTAL $6,394.2 $9,903.6 $9,797.2 $9,807.2
$10.0
$10.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Effluent Standards &
Guidelines
$3,094.4 $3,691.2 $3,659.7 $3,669.7
$3,299.8 $6,212.4 $6,137.5 $6,137.5
TOTAL $6,394.2 $9,903.6 $9,797.2 $9,807.2
$10.0
$10.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Effluent Standards &
Guidelines
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
46.1
46.1
50.2
50.2
49.7
49.7
45.7
45.7
-4.0
-4.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Effluent Standards &
Guidelines
TOTAL WORKYEARS
48.2
48.2
50.2
50.2
49.7
49.7
45.7
45.7
-4.0
-4.0
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WATER
WATER QUALITY
Effluent Standards and Guidelines
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,807,200 supported by 45.7 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $10,000 and a decrease of 4.0 total
workyears from 1989. Of the request, $3,669,700 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,137,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $10,000 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and no change in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
EFFLUENT STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,807,200 supported by 45.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,669,700 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,137,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $10,000 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, no change in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and a decrease of 4.0 total workyears. The increase
for Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs. The
decrease in workyears is due to a transfer to other water quality program
priorities.
In 1990, the effluent standards and guidelines program will continue to
address toxic dischargers through development of effluent limitations; and
guidance or decision documents for the non-regulated Domestic Sewage Study
(DSS) industries, including the transportation, hazardous waste treaters,
timber, waste oil recovery, machinery manufacturing and rebuilding, and textile
industries. A major emphasis in rulemaking activities will be to propose
limitations for the pulp and paper and pharmaceutical industries and final
regulations for the offshore oil and gas industry, and continue to develop a
proposed regulation for the pesticides manufacturing and formulator/package
industry segments.
Analytical methods development and validation will continue for the
analysis of pesticides, chemicals reported under Title III of the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act, and toxic and hazardous pollutants subject
to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. The Sample Control Center will
continue to provide a wide diversity of analytical capability services to
support effluent guidelines development and other intra-agency programs, such
as the Chesapeake Bay microlayer sampling; National Sewage Sludge Survey,
biomonitoring and bioaccumulation methods and sampling analyses, stormwater
survey and toxicity reduction evaluation studies for permitting and enforcement
activities. The program will also publish the "List of Lists," which presents
an integrated and continually up-to-date list of Agency-wide pollutants of
concern and identifies those for which analytical methods are available.
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1989 Program
In 1989 the Agency is allocating a total of $9,797,200 supported by 49.7
total workyears for this program, of which $3,659,700 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,137,500 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1989, the Effluent Guidelines program is developing regulations for the
pesticide manufacturers and formulator/packagers industry, the pulp and paper
industry and the offshore and coastal oil and gas industry. Headquarters is
continuing to study and expects to initiate the development of regulations on
the machinery manufacturing and rebuilding industry, hazardous waste treaters
industry and the pharmaceutical industry. Data gathering and analysis have
been initiated on one previously regulated industry (onshore oil and gas). The
final 304(m) plan, providing a listing of previously regulated and new
industries for which effluent guidelines need to be revised or developed, will
be published in the Federal Register in 1989.
Headquarters is also providing post-promulgation negotiation and
litigation support for placer mining, the nonferrous forming and manufacturing
phase II regulatory amendments, and continuing support for the organics
effluent limitations published in 1987. Eight comprehensive technical policy
workshops are being conducted covering the progress of the pesticides
regulations, the effluent limitation associated with the organics regulations,
findings of analytical studies and the DSS industries, and the oil and gas
regulatory efforts.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated 'a total of $6,394,200 supported by 48,2
total workyears for this program, of which $3,094,400 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,299,800 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1988, the review of the pulp and paper industry continued. Nine DSS
industry decision documents were prepared (transportation, machinery
manufacturing and rebuilding, paint, industrial laundries, hospitals, hazardous
waste treaters, solvent recyclers, barrel reclaimers and pharmaceuticals).
Work on the three remaining DSS industries continued. Final regulations were
issued for placer mining and organic chemicals, plastics and synthetic fibers
industries; a notice of availability of data and a reproposal of the offshore
oil and gas industry (muds and cutting) were developed. The program restudied
the pesticides industry by addressing over 420 previously regulated pollutants
of concern to the Drinking Water program in the pesticide manufacturing portion
of the pesticides industry.
The Agency published a proposed plan in the Federal Register to review
previously promulgated regulations and new industries under Section 304(m) and
published a report on dioxins in the pulp and paper industry and a treatability
study for the pulp and paper industry.
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WATER QUALITY
Grants Assistance Programs
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Clean Lakes Program
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$12,500.0 $12,500.0 $2,000.0 -$10,500.0
TOTAL $12,500.0 $12,500.0 $2,000.0 -$10,500.0
Control Agency Resource
Supplementation
(Section 106)
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$60,915.4 $67,100.0 $67,100.0 $83,200.0 $16,100.0
TOTAL $60,915.4 $67,100.0 $67,100.0 $83,200.0 $16,100.0
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Grants Assistance
Programs
$60,915.4 $79,600.0 $79,600.0 $85,200.0 $5,600.0
TOTAL $60,915.4 $79,600.0 $79,600.0 $85,200.0 $5,600.0
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WATER
WATER QUALITY
Grants Assistance Programs
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $85,200,000 for 1990, an increase of
$5,600,000 from 1989. All of the request will be for the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $5,600,000 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
CLEAN LAKES PROGRAM
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,000,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents a decrease of $10,500,000. This reduction is due to a redirection
of these funds to other programs that more broadly address high priority
national water quality problems.
The 1990 funds will support state-EPA cooperative agreements under
Section 314 of the Clean Water Act. These agreements will be used to support
the highest priority Phase I diagnostic feasibility studies, and/or Phase II
implementation activities to restore and protect lake water quality.
Approximately 10 projects will be selected based on an evaluation of the
environmental and public benefits of state Clean Lakes project proposals.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $12,500,000 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
includes $7,500,000 for the nationally competitive Clean Lakes Program and
$5,000,000 for the Demonstration Program under Section 314(d).
Under the nationally competitive Clean Lakes Program the Agency is
providing financial assistance to conduct 41 state and approximately 4 Tribal
lake water quality assessments to evaluate the status and trends in lake water
quality, establish a basis of needs for state/Tribal programs and Federal
assistance, and provide the Agency with data to determine future program
direction. Approximately 20 diagnostic/feasibility studies and lake restoration
and protection implementation projects will be conducted to determine the
causes and sources of pollution to lakes and implement measures to restore and
protect lake water quality. Approximately two post-restoration monitoring
studies will be initiated to advance the science of lake restoration, validate
methodologies, and determine the longevity and effectiveness of
restoration/protection measures.
Under the Demonstration Program, the Agency will conduct approximately 10
projects meeting the legislative objectives of Section 314(d). Priority
funding consideration will be given to the lakes named in Section 314 of the
3-35
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Act, and assistance will be provided consistent with the Clean Lakes Regulation
(40 CFR, Part 35 subpart H).
1988 Accomplishments
The Agency did not obligate any funds for the Clean Lakes Program in 1988.
CONTROL AGENCY RESOURCE SUPPLEMENTATION (SECTION 106)
1990 Program Request
In 1990 the Agency requests a total of $83,200,000 for this program, all
of which will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $16,100,000 for major initiatives in nonpoint
sources; ground water, including pesticides and wellhead protection; wetlands;
and to support water quality activities of Indian tribes. The additional
increment of Section 106 grant funds will be distributed to states/Indian
tribes to initiate and carryout specific activities in each of these areas.
EPA's nonpoint source (NPS) agenda recognizes that preventing and
controlling nonpoint source pollution is an important component of overall
water nonpoint source, pollution control; that control of nonpoint source
pollution primarily involves state and local responsibilities, especially as
related to land use and development and public/private partnerships; and that
effective control of nonpoint source pollution must be carried out in a multi-
year, targeted framework. The cornerstone of the national nonpoint source
program is the state management program required by the Clean Water Act.
States will use $7,000,000 to implement approved . nonpoint source
management programs and will initiate and build upon comprehensive NPS control
and protection approaches which include a targeting of their resources, as well
as resources available from other sources, to high priority NPS needs. Funds
will be provided for selected, targeted watershed management projects to
protect/improve critical aquatic habitats. Funds will also support statewide
NPS programs, including regulatory programs that address categories of
nonpoint pollution most effectively dealt with on a statewide basis (such as
forestry practices, construction erosion and stormwater runoff associated with
new development). States will continue enhancing their capabilities to
identify impaired waters, assess water quality trends and determine the most
effective targeted, risk-based options for addressing water quality problems.
Ground-water protection activities will receive a total of $11,200,000.
High priority will be assigned to the management of pesticides to include the
development of the hydrologic aspects of pesticide management plans required by
EPA's Agricultural Chemicals in Ground-water Strategy. These plans will
incorporate prevention measures focused on area-specific differences in ground-
water use, value and vulnerability and will include pilot management projects.
Wellhead protection activities will expand as states begin to utilize the
Wellhead Protection program as the core element in prioritizing and focusing
Federally supported ground-water protection activities (such as underground
injection control, nonpoint sources, hazardous waste management, underground
storage tanks, and pesticides). Wellhead protection activities will be
developed, implemented and tailored to hydrogeologic and environmental
conditions. Ground-water protection strategies will be expanded to include the
full range of institutional, legal, regulatory, data management and monitoring
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activities necessary to protect groundwater from actual or potential sources of
contamination, particularly those that are not Federally regulated.
States will use $1,500,000 for wetlands protection activities which will
expand beyond the traditional responsibility for the Section 404 dredge and
fill permitting program. In response to the National Wetlands Policy Forum,
states will begin to implement the action plan developed in 1989 and develop
comprehensive programs using a variety of regulatory and non-regulatory
approaches and tools. States will delineate wetlands, establish approvable
legal and regulatory authorities and train and maintain adequate personnel.
In 1990, three states will be administering the dredge and fill program
and additional states will be developing approvable programs. Section 106
funds will also be used to expand the Section 401 certification program.
Wetlands initiatives will include public outreach efforts, additions to the
wetlands science technical information base and interagency coordination.
State wetlands activities will complement nonpoint source, estuarine and near
coastal waters, clean lakes and other surface water protection activities.
Section 106 grants will continue to provide funding assistance for
operation of water pollution control programs for 63 state, interstate and
territorial agencies and approximately 30 Indian tribes. In 1990, states will
continue to review water quality standards and adopt numeric and/or narrative
water quality standards for toxic pollutants and toxicity. EPA and the states
will work to determine "new" or additional waters to be listed under Section
304(1) and emphasize completion of assessments for rivers, lakes, estuaries,
wetland and marine waters. Monitoring and assessment data will be used to
identify priority control needs and new toxic/hazardous chemicals, to develop
wasteload allocations for permits and to increase sediment contamination
information.
States will modify, issue or reissue permits, incorporating toxic
pollutants and/or water quality-based criteria or technology-based limitations.
Toxic/toxicity limits and/or biomonitoring requirements will be incorporated
where Section 304(1) assessments are not completed and where toxic problems
have been identified. State program activities will be expanded to include
permitting of combined sewer overflows and sludge controls, where needed.
Increased state pretreatment program delegations will be encouraged as well as
improved Publicly-Owned Treatment Works (POTW) reporting where the state is the
control authority. States will inspect POTWs and determine compliance status
and initiate enforcement actions against inadequate POTW implementation and/or
industrial user noncompliance.
States will ensure compliance of National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) facilities through an effective assessment, monitoring and
enforcement program. State enforcement programs will focus on the control of
toxic pollutants and protecting municipal compliance infrastructure.
Industrial enforcement actions and NPDES and pretreatment inspections will be
expanded to include toxicity reduction evaluation methodologies. National
Municipal Policy follow-up enforcement actions will focus on municipalities
that fail to meet their construction schedules.
1989 Program
In 1989 the Agency is allocating a total of $67,100,000 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
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Section 106 grants are providing funding assistance for operation of state
water pollution control programs for 63 state, interstate and territorial
agencies, and approximately 30 Indian tribes. In support of water
quality-based permits, states are resolving complex use/criteria revision and
modification issues, reviewing antidegradation policies, and developing
implementation methods. Special emphasis is being placed on determining
priority water segments requiring site-specific criteria, collecting water
quality data, and selecting appropriate methods and procedures for use
attainability analyses. States are finalizing their lists of waters impaired
by toxic discharges and developing individual control strategies to comply with
the requirements of Section 304(1).
States are issuing/reissuing expiring NPDES permits to control toxic
pollutants and toxicity where water quality is impaired due to toxics/toxicity
problems and data are sufficient to establish water quality-based permits.
They are also modifying a number of NPDES permits that have not expired, where
Section 304(1) assessments have been completed and the need for toxics controls
has been determined. Permits are being issued that incorporate toxic/toxicity
limits or biomonitoring requirements where Section 304(1) assessments are not
yet completed but toxic problems have been identified as well as issuing Best
Available Technology (BAT) permits to organic chemical facilities. States are
developing sludge programs and working with EPA to incorporate sludge limits
and/or impose biomonitoring requirements in some NPDES permits for POTWs and/or
other sludge handling facilities. States are assisting POTWs with approved
local pretreatment programs to develop and modify new and revised categorical
standards and local limits for controlling toxic/hazardous pollutants. Audits
are being conducted to determine the adequacy of local pretreatment programs
and states are revising their nonpoint source management programs based on EPA
reviews.
In the NPDES enforcement program, states are concluding the National
Municipal Pol-icy (NMP) effort primarily by use of judicial actions to set
schedules for facilities that missed the July 1, 1988 deadline for compliance.
In pretreatment enforcement, they are ensuring that industrial users comply
with their categorical standards and that local control authorities comply with
provisions of their approved programs. . States are conducting pretreatment
compliance inspections and ensuring that POTWs have adequate control mechanisms
in place. They are continuing to conduct both sampling and non-sampling
inspections and are being encouraged to use penalties to enforce Best
Achievable Technology (BAT) and water quality-based permit requirements to
address critical water-quality objectives.
States are reviewing and refining their ground-water protection strategies
to focus on the totality of their ground-water protection and concerns. This
comprehensive approach enables states to determine clearly the protection
measures needed for their ground-water resources, particularly in relationship
with the uses of this resource.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $60,915,400 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
During 1988, states continued to emphasize the control of toxic
pollutants. States established technically sound, enforceable water quality
standards, conducted use attainability analyses, developed site-specific
criteria, adopted criteria for toxic pollutants in standards, and clarified
3-38
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antidegradation policies and implementation methods. Existing information was
identified and evaluated to develop the list of waters impaired by toxic point
source pollutants and toxicity, and to develop individual control strategies.
States continued to emphasize control of hazardous/toxic pollutants and
toxicity from direct dischargers and concentrated on issuing NPDES permits to
achieve water quality standards within three years -after the establishment of
the individual control strategies.
In 1988, permits were modified to incorporate BAT guidelines for organic
chemicals, best management practices for nonpoint sources, permit conditions
based on biomonitoring and water quality studies, new technology-based
requirements, and pretreatment implementation requirements. Some permits with
sludge limits based on Best Professional Judgment and/or sludge management
practices were also modified. States developed detailed action plans to
strengthen their toxic control programs and worked with the Regions to manage a
substantial increase in enforcement actions, particularly referrals, due to the
1988 NMP deadline. A shift from manual data entry and review procedures to an
automated system of data management for EPA (Permits Compliance System) was
accomplished. In 1988, states continued their ground-water protection strategy
efforts and Headquarters began to award grants to Indian tribes for water
pollution control program development on reservations.
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Wetlands Protection
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Ocean Disposal Permits
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Environmental Emergency
Response & Prevention
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Standards & Regulations
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
EPA Oil Spills Project
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
$4,227.0 $4,552.4 $4,542.9 $5,183.9 $641.0
$2,050.9 $3,050.0 $3,015.0 $3,615.0 $600.0
TOTAL $6,277.9 $7,602.4 $7,557.9 $8,798.9 $1,241.0
$2,446.7 $2,602.9 $2,586.9 $2,840.6 $253.7
$5,036.5 $4,927.9 $4,915.1 $6,915.1 $2,000.0
TOTAL $7,483.2 $7,530.8 $7,502.0 $9,755.7 $2,253.7
$1,813.7 $1,764.3 $1,766.6 $1,550.9
$1,380.0 $1,200.0 $1,182.8 $1,182.8
TOTAL $3,193.7 $2,964.3 $2,949.4 $2,733.7
$4,590.0 $4,507.4 $4,519.4 $4,875.1
$1,901.2 $3,425.3 $3,384.0 $4,804.1
$.3
$-3
-$215.7
-$215.7
$355.7
$1,420.1
TOTAL $6,491.2 $7,932.7 $7,903.4 $9,679.2 $1,775.8
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Water Quality
Strategies
Implementation
$13,077.7 $13,427.0 $13,415.8 $14,450.5 $1,034.7
$10,368.6 $12,603.2 $12,496.9 $16,517.0 $4,020.1
TOTAL $23,446.3 $26,030.2 $25,912.7 $30,967.5 $5,054.8
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Wetlands Protection
Ocean Disposal Permits
Environmental Emergency
Response & Prevention
Standards & Regulations
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Wetlands Protection
Ocean Disposal Permits
Environmental Emergency
Response & Prevention
Standards & Regulations
TOTAL WORKYEARS
85
43
39
85
254
90
48
44
92
275
.1
.9
.9
.4
.3
.7
.3
.5
.4
.9
100
43
34
88
267
103
45
37
92
279
.6
.5
.6
.8
.5
.8
.4
.0
.8
.0
100
43
34
88
266
103
45
36
92
278
.4
.2
.4
.7
.7
.6
.1
.8
.7
.2
111.
45.
36.
94.
288.
111.
45.
36.
94.
288.
6
1
8
7
2
6
1
8
7
2
11.2
1.9
2.4
6.0
21.5
8.0
2.0
10.0
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WATER
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Strategies Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $30,967,500 supported by 288.2 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $5,054,800 and an increase of 10.0 total
workyears from 1989. Of the request, $14,450,500 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $16,517,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,034,700 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and an increase of $4,020,100 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
WETLANDS PROTECTION
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,798,900 supported by 111.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $5,183,900 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,615,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $641,000 and
$600,000, respectively, and an increase of 8.0 total workyears. The increases
reflect the Agency's focus on wetlands issues and support for state programs, to
protect wetlands.
In 1990, the Agency will continue to work with the Corps of Engineers and
other Federal agencies in issuing policies and procedures to clarify or amplify
Federal regulatory requirements of the Section 404 program. Implementation of
the enforcement memorandum of understanding, the administrative penalty
authorities, the EPA wetlands delineation manual, the 404(c) procedural
guidance, and the bottomland hardwood guidance will occur. Headquarters will
complete guidance for the Regions on state program assumption. The program
will implement the Tribal qualification regulations so that qualified and
approved Indian Tribes may administer the Section 404 program. The Agency
will also work through the Interagency Floodplain Task Force to demonstrate the
use of integrated floodplain management planning for reducing flood losses and
erosion, protecting wetlands, providing recreational opportunities, and
improving stream water quality.
Major activities in 1990 will include more intensive efforts aimed at
state program assumption, the use of anticipatory approaches for wetlands
protection, and aggressive enforcement activities. Active state 404 program
assumption development efforts are expected to increase in 1990 following an
information dissemination and education period in 1989. This momentum will be
augmented by the grant funds being requested under Section 106 of the Clean
Water Act for state program development and administration. In 1990, increased
staff resources for the Regions will permit expanded support to states in
formulating necessary state legislation and regulations, in training state
personnel, and in such direct field assistance activities as wetlands
delineation. The Agency will work with the states as they revise their 401
3-42
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water quality certification processes to reflect wetlands values and functions.
The Agency will increase its efforts to promote and use anticipatory
approaches for wetlands protection, particularly in areas where loss rates
continue to be unacceptably high and traditional program tools are not
satisfactorily addressing the problem. Additional resources will facilitate
the expansion of advance identification efforts to additional locations as well
as the undertaking of larger projects.
Enforcement activities will expand in 1990, building upon new directions
and experience gained under a new enforcement memorandum of understanding with
the Army, new guidance on the use of administrative civil penalties, an
expanding EPA criminal enforcement program, and greater field experience.
EPA's enhanced emphasis on targeting specific geographic areas and/or wetland
types for special protection requires an aggressive enforcement and compliance
monitoring effort on the part of Regional wetlands staff. The use of
administrative penalty orders will increase commensurate with these changes and
priorities, and with the Agency's enhanced ability to detect violations through
remote sensing, citizen awareness, and improved interagency networks of Federal
and state field personnel.
In 1990, the program will work with the Marine and Estuarine Protection
Program to implement the improved test methods and procedural guidance on
sediment criteria and disposal of dredged material in coastal waters.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,557,900 supported by 103.6
total workyears for this program, of which $4,542,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,015,000 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
Additional program and technical guidance is being developed for wetlands
protection with study efforts emphasizing increased scientific knowledge of
wetlands values and functions, and increased technical assistance provided to
states and' local entities. While the Army Corps of Engineers retains the
primary responsibility for issuing permits for the disposal of dredged or fill
material, the Agency has several key responsibilities in the administration and
implementation of the program. These responsibilities include: assuring permit
compliance with environmental criteria contained in the Section 404(b)(l)
Guidelines; restricting or prohibiting permit issuance if the effects are
determined to be environmentally unacceptable; bringing civil or criminal
enforcement actions against unauthorized dischargers and permit violators; and
delegating to interested and qualified states authority to administer the
Section 404 program.
A number of guidance documents and technical manuals are being revised or
developed to reflect evolving Agency policy. The final mitigation policy,
under the Section 404(b)(l) Guidelines, is being completed. EPA will issue
technical guidance on Section 404(c), EPA's "veto" authority over permit
issuance. Other technical guidance is being developed for open-water disposal
of contaminated spoil and de-minimus discharges. Guidance on the application
of Section 404 in bottomland hardwood wetlands is being issued in 1989. The
program is developing technical methods and data to support its Section 404
regulatory operations as well. A geographic jurisdiction delineation manual,
developed in conjunction with the Corps of Engineers, is being issued in 1989.
Manuals on two technical methods resulting from the bottomland hardwood studies
3-43
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are being published.
Enforcement activities under Section 404 are being emphasized. The
program is developing an enforcement practices manual and conducting
enforcement training in 1989. The Agency" is executing a Memorandum of
Agreement on Enforcement with the Department of the Army. The statutorily
mandated Report to Congress on Section 404 enforcement mechanisms will also be
issued. The Agency is pursuing the potential for field inspection support by
other agencies in enforcement actions as well as continuing its efforts to
implement the administrative penalty enforcement authorities for Section 404
compliance.
The Agency is working with states, Indian tribes and local entities to
promote delegation of the Section 404 administrative responsibilities and other
programs to increase wetland protection efforts. Guidance on state assumption
of the program is being prepared in 1989. Because of the unique authorities of
local governments (e.g., taxation, parks and recreation planning), the program
is developing specific initiatives directly related to local government
activities for wetlands protection. Guidance for EPA's Regions on advance
identification is being issued in 1989.
The National Forum on Wetlands Policy issued its final report and
recommendations in November 1988. As a result, the Agency is developing a
wetlands action plan and determining appropriate steps to act upon the
recommendations for a more comprehensive and integrated national approach to
wetlands protection.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $6,277,900 supported by ,90.7
total workyears for this program, of which $4,227,000 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,050,900 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The final revisions to the Section 404 state program assumption
regulations were promulgated, streamlining the process for assumption of
Section 404 administrative responsibility by the states. A major workshop on
state and local wetlands protection programs was held with participation by all
EPA Regions, approximately 40 states, and several Indian tribes.
The policy framework for the Section 404 program was strengthened through
technical and policy guidance in 1988. The base program of permit review,
enforcement and advanced identification was enhanced by the joint efforts of
EPA and the Corps of Engineers. In particular, the enforcement program used
the Water Quality Act's administrative penalty enforcement authorities for
increased' Section 404 compliance.
In 1988 more attention was targeted on geographic areas where the most
significant environmental problems were occurring from the loss of wetlands.
The Agency worked with the Corps of Engineers and other Federal, state and
local government agencies, and identified particularly valuable wetland
resources that were threatened by increasing development/conversion pressures.
Regions used this process to anticipate future permit needs and problems. Some
30 advance identifications were either completed, underway or planned during
1988.
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The National Forum on Wetlands Policy continued during 1988. Other
cooperative efforts with Federal agencies and the private sector to enhance
scientific knowledge and technical data bases for wetland protection also
continued. The Agency initiated an assessment/monitoring project on wetlands
status and quality.
OCEAN DISPOSAL PERMITS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total $9,755,700 supported by 45.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,840,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $6,915,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents increases of $253,700 in Salaries and Expenses
and $2,000,000 in Abatement, Control and Compliance, and no change in total
workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel
and support costs. The increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects
a more intensive Agency role in ocean disposal site management and monitoring,
increased support for the completion of the New York Bight Restoration Plan,
and expanded beach monitoring in Region II.
The Agency will have a more intensive role in the development of
environmental impact statements (EISs) for ocean dredged material disposal
sites, as well as dredged material disposal site management and monitoring.
The Agency's Regional offices will continue implementing the Memoranda of
Understanding (MOUs) with the Corps of Engineers (COE) District Offices for
dredged material disposal site EISs and site designations. Ongoing management
responsibilities will increase as more interim dredged material disposal sites
are designated as final sites. There will be further emphasis on data
management as the number of continuing and comprehensive site monitoring
programs increases.
Work will be continuing on two planning program studies in the New York
Bight area. The first of these is the designation of an alternative to the New
York Mud Dump Site for the disposal of dredged material, as required by the
Water Resources Development Act of 1986. The second study, which is being
accelerated to meet the December 1990 completion date in the Marine Plastic
Pollution Research and Control Act (MPPRCA), is the New York Bight Restoration
Plan, which will include the schedule for pollution control implementation and
recommendations for funding and interagency coordination. Additional support
will also be provided for monitoring of nearshore waters to address the
continuing problems of medical wastes and other floatables washing up on the
New York-New Jersey beaches.
Under the recently passed amendments to the Marine Protection, Research
and Sanctuaries Act, the Agency will begin collecting fees from dumpers using
the 106 Mile Site for disposal of sewage sludge. The fees will be used to
support increased work requirements added by the amendments. The Agency will
begin implementing the revised Ocean Disposal (OD) regulation which is to be
promulgated in final form in 1990, following revisions to meet the requirements
of the new amendments and court ordered judgements. There will be an
evaluation of the 106 Mile Site for redesignation as a part of the Agency's
ongoing monitoring of the site, with a decision on redesignation due in 1991.
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FflWO
1989 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $7,502,000 supported by 45.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,586,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,915,100 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The Agency is continuing development of a comprehensive revision to the OD
regulation and development of program guidance and technical protocols, as
required. The comprehensive revision is now being developed in response to the
changes required under statutory amendments and court judgements. As a
component to be included in the comprehensive revision, the Agency is
developing a fee system. The Agency's Regional offices are completing
negotiations and beginning implementation of MOUs with the COE District offices
for the preparation of dredged material disposal site EISs and site
designations. The monitoring of the 106 Mile Site is continuing for purposes
of site management.
Work is continuing on preparation of a New York Bight Restoration Plan,
which is to be completed by December of 1990. Two studies, one relating to the
selection of an alternative disposal site to replace the New York Mud Dump and
a second to determine the resolution of the problem of plastics disposal in
the New York Bight, are also being undertaken. The Mud Dump study including
recommendations for an alternate site is to be completed in 1990. The Agency
is continuing work on a study with National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) on the adverse effects of the improper disposal of
plastic articles on the marine environment and on methods to reduce the amount
of plastic debris. In addition, the Agency is continuing a three-year public
outreach and education program, initiated in 1988 in cooperation with NOAA and
the Department of Transportation, on the problems of plastic debris in the
marine environment and the need for reduction of such debris.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $7,483,200 supported by 48.3
total workyears for this program, of which $2,446,700 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,036,500 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The Agency continued development of a comprehensive revision to the OD
regulation. A national MOU was signed with the COE, which establishes the
basis for cooperative work in the final designation and management of three
categories of ocean dredged material disposal sites. The Agency's Regional
offices began negotiating and implementing MOUs with the COE District offices
to enhance interagency coordination in this activity. The Agency continued to
review COE permits for ocean dredged material disposal and issue permits for
municipal and industrial ocean disposal. This activity included evaluating and
characterizing waste samples on a case-by-case basis.
The New York Bight plastics study -- giving special attention to the
effects of plastics debris on beaches, marine life, the environment and coastal
waters in the New York Bight - - was completed with a report and recommendations
to Congress. A second report to Congress presenting the schedule for the0
completion of the New York Bight Plan and required reports was also completed.
The transfer of sludge dumping from the 12-mile site in the New York Bight to
the 106 Mile Site (deepwater municipal sludge dump site) and baseline
monitoring of this deepwater site was completed in 1988.
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ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND PREVENTION
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,733,700 supported by 36.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,550,900 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,182,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This reflects a decrease of $215,700 in Salaries and
Expenses, and no change in Abatement, Control and Compliance and total
workyears from 1989.
The oil spills response program has been operational for over a decade;
thus, the basic implementation mechanisms are in place and no significant
modifications will occur in 1990. The Agency is on 24-hour alert to receive
and respond to notifications of accidental releases of oil and other petroleum
products. The Agency will receive notifications of oil releases, and it will
direct and monitor removals at major oil incidents. EPA will also monitor on-
scene removals by potentially responsible parties (PRP) or state and local
authorities, conduct Spill Prevention and Control and Countermeasure (SPCC)
inspections at non-transportation related facilities, and provide technical
assistance to the U.S. Coast Guard on coasfal oil spills when the
Environmental Response Team (ERT) is activated or when the U.S. Coast Guard
makes a specific request. Additionally, funds will support the following
operational activities: regulation development, completion of a facilities
inventory, data base design and implementation, and development of an
inspection guidance manual.
1989 Program
In 1989,. the Agency is allocating a total of $2,949,400 supported by 36.8
total workyears for this program, of which $1,766,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,182,800 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The Agency continues to handle and monitor oil spill notifications;
direct response operations at major inland waterway oil spills where there is
no other governmental or private entity able or willing to respond; conduct
SPCC inspections at facilities where there is some indication that problems
exist with the contingency plan and/or plan implementation; and monitor on-
scene removal activities of PRPs or state and local authorities at major
spills. Moreover, the Agency updates Regional contingency plans; provides
advice and technical guidance to state and local officials and PRPs involved in
spill response; organizes and staffs Regional Response Team meetings; assists
the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) at major disasters; participates
in response and safety training of state and local staff; and maintains
response equipment and facilities.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated $3,193,700 supported by 44.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,813,700 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,380,000 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The program received and screened a total of 6,877 notifications of oil
spill releases, conducted 999 SPCC inspections, performed on-scene monitoring
of 275 oil spills, conducted 52 oil spill responses, and investigated 174 oil
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releases. In light of the oil spill at Ashland, a Task Force was formed to
develop a set of strategies on ways to improve the SPCC program.
STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS
1990 Program Request
I
The Agency requests a total of $9,679,200 supported by 94.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,875,100 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,804,100 is from Abatement, Control Compliance
appropriation, an increase of $355,700 and $1,420,100 respectively and 2.0
total workyears. The increases will support additional activities to support
promulgation of the sludge technical regulation.
In 1990, the water quality standards program will continue to (1)
emphasize state adoption of numeric criteria for toxic pollutants, (2) develop
methods for implementing state anti-degradation policies, (3) establish
priority objectives for the 1991-1993 water quality standards triennium, and
(4) oversee the expansion of the standards programs to Indian tribes which
qualify for treatment as states. Approximately five final water quality
criteria documents will be published and five proposed criteria documents will
be released for public review and comment. Up to 35 water quality advisories
will be issued to fill the gap between the large number of toxic pollutants and
the relatively small number of available criteria documents. Outreach programs
will continue to explain standards policies and requirements as well as to
provide information to states on the interpretation and use of water quality
criteria and advisories, especially for new areas such as sediment and
biological criteria. In order to ensure adoption of sediment criteria by the
.states, EPA will develop criteria and guidance for the 1991-1993 triennium.
In 1990, EPA will complete its response to public comments on the
proposed technical regulations for the use and disposal of sewage sludge. The
Agency will begin to evaluate the data base from the National Sewage Sludge
Survey which, along with public comments, will allow the Agency to begin
anticipated reproposal of portions of the technical regulations. As part of
this process, additional regulatory options will be prepared.
Additional modeling activities will be conducted and the proposed
numerical criteria re-evaluated. The pollutants will be evaluated for impact
on human health and the environment and if warranted, will be included in the
second round regulation. Draft pathogen criteria documents will also be
proposed for public comment. Headquarters will continue to work with the
Regions and states on implementation of the first round regulation and conduct
several outreach meetings and workshops.
The Agency will provide management oversight to 150 existing clean lake
projects. EPA will also review and approve state lake water quality
assessments, prepare reports to Congress on the status of lake water quality
and progress achieved under the Section 314(d) Demonstration Program, provide
technical supplements to the Lake and Reservoir Restoration Guidance manual,
and continue efforts to validate various restoration methodologies.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,903,400 supported by 92.7
total workyears for this program, of which $4,519,400 is from the Salaries and
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Expenses appropriation and $3,384,000 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The Agency is publishing proposed and final freshwater and saltwater
human health and aquatic toxicity criteria documents for up to five toxic and
nonconventional pollutants. Up to 30 water quality advisories are being
issued. Headquarters is assisting the Regions to review state and Indian
tribe standards relating to use attainability, site-specific criteria
development, antidegradation, and the adoption of criteria for toxic
pollutants. A final methodology for deriving sediment criteria values for
nonpolar organic contaminants is being developed, as are sediment criteria for
six contaminants.
Regions are working with states and Indian tribes to examine the adequacy
of all narrative criteria for toxics and the control methods recommended for
point source toxic discharges. In support of water quality-based permits,
Regions are working with states to resolve complex use/criteria revision and
modification issues and differences in state standards. Antidegradation
policies are being reviewed for consistency with regulatory requirements and
state implementation methods are being developed.
EPA is determining priority water segments that require development of
site-specific criteria and assisting states and Indian tribes to collect data
and select appropriate methods and procedures for use attainability analyses.
Where necessary, Regions are helping states to schedule and conduct use
attainability analyses and are providing guidance, Agency data, and examples
from other states or Regions.
Regions are continuing to provide guidance and assistance to States for
developing assessments of lake water quality and integrating these assessments
into Section 305(b) Reports. The Agency will submit a report to Congress on
state assessments of lake water quality. Regions are managing existing grants
to states for lake assessments and restorations.
In 1989, regulations identifying toxic pollutants in sludge, appropriate
management practices, and numerical limitations for 29 pollutants are being
proposed. Five technical support documents are being prepared that address
five common sludge use and disposal practices; land application, distribution
and marketing, landfilling, surface disposal, and incineration. Headquarters
will conduct two public hearings and two educational workshops for the proposed
regulations. Regional and state staffs are being trained to interpret and
apply the sludge technical regulations.
The Agency will evaluate and respond to an anticipated large volume of
public comments on the regulation. Analysis of the data base from the National
Sewage Sludge Survey will begin and efforts underway to generate incinerator
emissions data will continue. Sludge risk assessment methodologies and
criteria documents for pathogens are being finalized. Guidance will be
developed on sludge testing and monitoring, and technical requirements will be
incorporated into state water quality strategies.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $6,491,200 supported by 92.4
total workyears for this program, of which $4,590,000 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,901,200 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
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The program developed and issued criteria and advisories for toxic and
non-conventional pollutants concerning human health and aquatic life, with
emphasis on the human health effects of ingesting aquatic life where
bioaccumulation of toxics is of concern. Efforts focused on reviewing state
adopted standards for consistency with regulations and guidance and aiding
Regions, states, and Indian tribes to interpret and apply regulatory
requirements to implement the surface water toxic control program.
Draft sludge regulations were prepared for Agency review to cover five
reuse/disposal options: land application, distribution and marketing,
landfilling, incineration, and surface disposal. Five technical support
documents were prepared that address disposal options. A risk assessment
methodology for pathogens found in sludge is being drafted and criteria
documents initiated. The Agency initiated the National Sewage Sludge Survey
designed to gather information on sewage sludge quality and sludge use/disposal
practices from a national perspective. The program conducted an outreach
program on the proposed sludge regulations and the proposed technology-based
pathogen reduction regulation. Education/implementation efforts with the
states/Regions were initiated.
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MlWO
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Monitoring & Analysis
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Coastal Environment
Management
Salaries & Expenses $2,962.8 $4,148.4 $4,138.6 $6,480.6 $2,342.0
Abatement Control and $7,671.1 $11,378.5 $11,371.5 $16,851.5 $5,480.0
Compliance
TOTAL $10,633.9 $15,526.9 $15,510.1 $23,332.1 $7,822.0
Water Quality
Monitoring & Analysis
Salaries & Expenses $8,193.8 $8,053.7 $7,865.2 $9,309.1 $1,443.9
Abatement Control and $4,165.3 $6,659.9 $6,517.4 $6,905.4 $388.0
Compliance
TOTAL $12,359.1 $14,713.6 $14,382.6 $16,214.5 $1,831.9
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $11,156.6 $12,202.1 $12,003.8 $15,789.7 $3,785.9
Abatement Control and $11,836.4 $18,038.4 $17,888.9 $23,756.9 $5,868.0
Compliance
Water Quality TOTAL $22,993.0 $30,240.5 $29,892.7 $39,546.6 $9,653.9
Monitoring & Analysis
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Coastal Environment 57.5 88.8 88.5 124.0 35.5
Management
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Monitoring & Analysis
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
Water Quality
Monitoring & Analysis
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
163.9
.221.4
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
157.9 155.1 162.5
246.7
243.6
286.5
7.4
42.9
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Coastal Environment
Management
Water Quality
Monitoring & Analysis
TOTAL WORKYEARS
63.2
173.7
236.9
91.3
256.8
91.0
165.5. 162.5
253.5
124.0
162.5
286.5
33.0
33.0
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WATER
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $39,546,600 supported by 286.5 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $9,653,900 and an increase of 33.0 total
workyears from 1989. Of the request, $15,789,700 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $23,756,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $3,785,900 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and an increase of $5,868,000 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
COASTAL ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $23,332,100 supported by 124.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $6,480,600 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $16,851,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents increases of $2,342,000 in Salaries
and Expenses, $5,480,000 in Abatement, Control and Compliance, and 33.0 in
total workyears. The increases expand support for the twelve ongoing estuary
projects and will allow the Agency to initiate four additional projects in the
National Estuary Program (NEP), expand support for the. Gulf of Mexico
initiative, expand support for the Near Coastal Waters (NCW) technology
transfer activities, and expand support for the implementation of the Clean
Water Act (CWA), as amended, and Section 403(c) Ocean Discharge Criteria
Evaluation (ODCE) program. The NEP will also be supported by $2,000,000
provided through the CWA Section 205(1) set-aside from the Construction Grants
appropriation of one-third of 1.5 percent for implementation of the program
authorized in CWA Section 320.
For NCW initiatives, the Agency will continue working with the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the states on the national
assessment of environmental problems, the organization of data for application
in ongoing Agency programs and the assessment of innovative nonpoint control
programs. The national network to exchange information on NCW problems,
management tools, and estuary programs, including the Chesapeake Bay, the Great
Lakes, and NCW pilot projects, will be expanded to include management training
for local project managers. The Agency will expand support for the Gulf of
Mexico initiative, including further development of the initiative's
"Framework for Action" and additional monitoring and data collection to assess
environmental health and to establish a base for policy/regulatory options.
The NEP will provide expanded support and oversight to twelve estuary
projects, including six 1985-86 projects -- San Francisco Bay, Albemarle-
Pamlico Sounds, Narragansett Bay, Long Island Sound, Puget Sound, and Buzzards
Bay. The Buzzards Bay project will complete its Comprehensive Conservation and
Management Plan (CCMP) by mid-1990 and will begin the plan implementation phase
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of the program, while the other five projects will continue the intensive
environmental resource characterization and CCMP development phases. The six
1988 projects -- New York-New Jersey Harbor, Delaware Bay, Delaware Inland
Bays, Sarasota Bay, Galveston Bay, and Santa Monica Bay -- will begin the
intensive characterization phase. Four new projects, selected on the basis of
national significance and with priority consideration given to project sites
referenced in the amended CWA, will be designated in 1990 to expand the
program's geographic coverage, to develop further project expertise, and to
test remedial approaches developed in earlier estuary projects. Of the total
Abatement, Control and Compliance request, $13,180,000 will be used for the
NEP.
The Section 301(h) program will focus on the evaluation of monitoring
programs and permit reissuance. The Regions will make final waiver
determinations for the remaining first round applications, and preliminary work
will be completed to reissue permits which expire in 1991, including the
requirement for secondary treatment equivalency determinations.
Through a targeted strategy, the Agency will expand its efforts to bring
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permittees into
compliance with Section 403(c) ODCE requirements, consistent with the
recommendations of the 1989 report to Congress.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $15,510,100 supported by
91.0 total workyears for this program, of which $4,138,600 is from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $11,371,500 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. The NEP is also supported by $4,705,000 provided
through the Section 205(1) set-aside from the Construction Grants
appropriation.
In addition to ongoing estuarine activities, the Agency is continuing the
assessment of NCWs to determine environmental status and water quality trends
and to identify NCWs needing management attention. In a parallel effort, three
ongoing pilot projects and three new pilot projects are being conducted in
coastal and marine areas to demonstrate innovative solutions for identified
major environmental problems. The Agency is also continuing to support
development of the "Framework for Action" for the Gulf of Mexico Initiative to
begin resource characterization and assessment activities.
The NEP is supporting twelve projects in 1989. Three of the 1985
projects are developing their CCMP, and the remaining 1985 and 1986 projects
are continuing their environmental resources characterization work. The six
1988 NEP projects are beginning Planning Initiative, activities. Resources
support conducting pollutant load assessments and completing assessments of
status and trends. Systemwide monitoring will be developed in each program to
determine the environmental effectiveness of actions taken. Priority
Demonstration Plans to implement targeted clean-up strategies in selected
estuary projects will receive assistance using Section 205(1) set-aside
resources.
In the Section 301(h) marine discharge monitoring program, most first
round application waiver decisions are to be completed by the end of 1989, and
waiver recipients are beginning to implement required water quality monitoring
programs. In the Section 403(c) program, the Agency is developing a targeted
strategy for bringing NPDES permittees into compliance with ocean discharge
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criteria. A Permit Writer's Guide is being developed for use in conducting
Section 403(c) evaluations and addressing point source discharges to NCW.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $10,633,900 supported by 63.2
total workyears for this program, of which $2,962,800 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,671,100 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. The NEP was also supported by $7,680,000 provided
through the Section 205(1) set-aside from the Construction Grants
appropriation.
The Agency began an assessment of all NCWs to determine environmental
status and water quality trends and to identify NCWs needing management
attention. In a parallel effort, three NCW pilot projects were begun in coastal
and marine areas to demonstrate innovative solutions to identified major
environmental problems. The Agency also established an institutional framework
for the Gulf of Mexico initiative to identify and address priority water
quality and related environmental problems.
The NEP was expanded to twelve projects. State/EPA agreements which
documented the need to convene Management Conferences and to establish a
schedule for meeting the purposes and requirements of Section 320 were
negotiated for each of the six ongoing projects. The six new projects
selected at the end of 1988 began Planning Initiative activities. Project
resources supported the increased emphasis required for conducting pollutant
load assessments and completing assessments of status and trends. Systemwide
monitoring was developed in each project to determine the environmental
effectiveness of actions taken. Priority Demonstration Plans to demonstrate
targeted clean-up strategies in the initial ' six estuaries received
implementation assistance' using Section 205(1) set-aside resources. Program
guidance was developed by the Agency for a number, of activities, including
Governor's Nominations procedures, technology transfer manuals, a Program
Primer, a Financial Management Primer, a Management Handbook, and the Section
320 Grant regulation. An interagency agreement with NOAA was developed to
implement Section 320(j) regarding coordinated estuarine research and
management.
The Agency continued to provide technical support for the review of the
Section 301(h) marine discharge monitoring programs. The focus of the program
was shifted to the management and analysis of monitoring data from waiver
recipients, and meeting the statutory requirement for determinations of
secondary equivalency for toxics. The Agency also continued to support the
preparation of Section 403(c) ODCEs for general permits for offshore oil and
gas facilities. Technical assistance was provided nationally for preparation
of selected Evaluations.
WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND ANALYSIS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $16,214,500 supported by 162.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $9,309,100 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,905,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,443,900 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $388,000 for the Abate-
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merit, Control and Compliance appropriation, and no change in total workyears.
The increases will support assistance to states to build toxics monitoring and
assessment capacity, and a technology transfer study to modernize the Agency's
water quality data systems.
The program will continue a high priority effort to assure effective
implementation of Section 304(1) of the Clean Water Act, providing assistance
and oversight in addressing deficiencies in state submissions. Where states
fail to act, the Agency will develop and promulgate lists of waters impaired by
toxics and develop wasteload allocations (WLAs) for disapproved individual
control strategies (ICSs). The program will continue providing guidance and
assistance to states developing total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) and WLAs,
including a focus to control nonpoint sources.
Based on Phase I of the bioaccumulation study, the program will design
Phase II in 1990 to investigate high priority problems identified and develop
guidance for establishing point source controls needed for protection of human
health related to fish consumption. Also in 1990 the program will conduct
sampling to determine the nature of sediment contamination problems where
build-up of toxic pollutants is suspected of causing adverse impact on aquatic
life and causing bioaccumulation problems. The program will conduct an
aquatic life survey to assess accomplishments and trends in protecting
fisheries and other aquatic life from toxic effects of water pollution.
The surface water monitoring program will encourage states to adopt more
cost-effective approaches, such as rapid biological assessment techniques, and
to use citizen volunteers as part of state monitoring support networks.
Regional symposia and workshops will be held to address specialized issues,
such as nonpoint source monitoring and assessment, estuarine monitoring,
sediment and bioaccumulation issues. The program will also assist states in
the monitoring of toxic pollutants and toxicity, including use of technology
transfer workshops and specific technical assistance projects to support state
laboratory analytical capacities for toxics. The program will continue with
ongoing activities designed to strengthen state assessments and monitoring,
including trend assessment techniques, use of the 305(b) Waterbody System, and
improvements in water quality data management to enable integration with other
Agency data bases.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $14,382,600 supported by
162.5 total workyears for this program, of which $7,865,200 is from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $6,517,400 is from the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.
Headquarters is issuing regulations that govern the Section 304(1)
listing of waters impaired by toxic pollutants. A major program emphasis is to
provide adequate technical assistance and oversight to enable states to develop
complete, approvable submissions. Headquarters is performing national priority
assessments of toxic problems of national concern; for example the presence of
dioxin in fish tissues is expected to lead to control strategies for bleached
kraft pulp and paper mills. Three reports to Congress and a study required by
Sections 308(g), 516, 524 and 525 of the CWA are being completed.
Regions are assuring consistency in the Section 304(1) review process and
continuing to assist states in conducting WLAs and other analyses to develop
ICSs for waters with point source, related toxics problems. Regions continue I
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to conduct sampling to assist the national bioaccumulation study and, where
bioaccumulation problems are discovered, to assist states in developing
effective control strategies.
The Regions are responsible for approving or disapproving TMDLs and WLAs
developed by the states under Section 303(d), and for producing TMDLs/WLAs if
states fail to do so. The Regions are updating technical agreements which have
been established with most states concerning toxic pollutants. These revisions
govern states' methodologies for development of TMDLs/WLAs and the Regions'
approach to the review, approval, and disapproval of state developed limits.
The Regions continue to guide and assist states in developing TMDLs/WLAs for
complex situations with point sources, such as lake and estuarine areas and
rivers with multiple dischargers, with particular emphasis on control of toxic
pollutants.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $12,359,100 supported by 173.7
total workyears for this program, of which $8,193,800 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $4,165,300 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
Headquarters issued guidance governing the Section 304(1) listing of
waters impaired by toxic pollutants and provided technical assistance to enable
states to develop complete, approvable submissions. The program began to
implement recommendations for improving EPA and state long-term monitoring
programs from the Surface Water Monitoring Study, including holding a National
Symposium on Water Quality Assessment and working directly with the states. In
addition, the 1988 state Section 305(b) Reports were completed with an improved
format, and a supporting Waterbody System was established as well as a steering
committee to oversee and guide data systems.
Regions conducted sampling to assist the national bioaccumulation study,
and where bioaccumulation problems were discovered, assisted the states in
developing effective control strategies. Regions also provided direct
guidance and assistance to states for preparing biennial Water Quality
Inventory reports under Section 305(b) and implementing the Waterbody System.
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WATER QUALITY
Municipal Source Control
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Municipal Waste
Treatment Facility
Construction
Salaries & Expenses $19,907.8 $21,425.7 $21,234.3 $21,517.3 $283.0
Abatement Control and $32,763.4 $21,628.4 $21,368.2 $19,868.2 -$1,500.0'
Compliance
TOTAL $52,671.2 $43,054.1 $42,602.5 $41,385.5 -$1,217.0
Waste Treatment
Operations &
Maintenance
Salaries & Expenses $1,384.3 $1,477.3 $1,477.3 $1,544.9 $67.6
TOTAL $1,384.3 $1,477.3 $1,477.3 $1,544.9 $67.6
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $21,292.1 $22,903.0 $22,711.6 $23,062.2 $350.6
Abatement Control and $32,763.4 $21,628.4 $21,368.2 $19,868.2 -$1,500.0
Compliance
Municipal Source TOTAL $54,055.5 $44,531.4 $44,079.8 $42,930.4 -$1,149.4
Control
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Municipal Waste 402.5 423.8 421.4 430.0 8.6
Treatment Facility
Construction
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WATER QUALITY
Municipal Source Control
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
Waste Treatment
Operations &
Maintenance
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
28.0
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
30.6 30.6 31.5
430.5 454.4 452.0 461.5
9.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Municipal Waste
Treatment Facility
Construction
Waste Treatment
Operations &
Maintenance
TOTAL WORKYEARS
439.6 449.4 447.0 430.0 -17.0
30.1 31.5 31.5 31.5
469.7 - 480.9 478.5 461.5 -17.0
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WATER
WATER QUALITY
Municipal Source Control
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $42,930,400 supported by 461.5 total
workyears for 1990, a decrease of $1,149,400 and a decrease of 17.0 total
workyears from 1989. Of the request, $23,062,200 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $19,868,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, an increase of $350,600 and a decrease of $1,500,000
respectively.
MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITY CONSTRUCTION
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $41,385,500 supported by 430.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $21,517,300 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $19,868,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $283,000 and a
decrease of $1,500,000, respectively, and a decrease of 17.0 workyears. The
increase for Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support
costs. The decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance and - workyears
reflects reduced funding required for Needs Survey reports and State Revolving
Fund (SRF) guidance, a reduction of $1,000,000 to 1989 enacted funding for
operator training, and streamlined Construction Grants/SRF management.
In 1990, EPA will be managing dual wastewater treatment grant programs
with emphasis on the completion of ongoing construction grants projects and
implementation/oversight of SRF programs. Peak SRF workload is expected in
1990 with 40 operational programs and 11 new programs coming on line. The
highest program priority in the Regions will be the negotiation and award of
initial SRF grants and the conduct of first annual program reviews. In 1990,
Headquarters will promulgate final SRF regulations and update policy and
guidance documents based on experience gained from 1989 awards and program
reviews. Headquarters will also encourage states to use SRFs for expanded
wastewater management uses. Letter of credit payment issues and outlay
management will continue to require significant management attention.
Traditional construction grants management workload and state oversight
responsibilities will remain high, but begin to decline in 1990, due to the
large number of projects initially funded during 1987-89. Regions will
maintain essential emphasis on construction grants management activities and
will address a workload of approximately 5,500 grant projects. The funds
requested for the Corps of Engineers (COE) Interagency Agreement (IAG) will
purchase 245 workyears of effort to provide construction management assistance
to EPA and the states. The Indian grants program will receive increased
support to assure management and project integrity needs are fully met.
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In 1990, EPA will undertake important initiatives to enhance the
effectiveness of technology transfer and outreach programs and to address vital
infrastructure issues. Headquarters will maintain information on refinements,
advances, and cost-effectiveness of publicly-owned treatment works (POTWs)
technologies to lower costs and improve performance. The waste treatment and
drinking water programs will continue to engage in a cooperative effort to
provide information and assistance on financing and technology to hard-pressed
small communities. Making use of national organizations and the Small Flows
Clearinghouse, guidance materials on technology selection and financing methods
will be provided to local officials.
Headquarters will provide management strategies and information to address
sulfide sewer corrosion following the 1989 Report to Congress. The 1990 SRF
Report to Congress will help to identify needed policy, regulatory, and
legislative changes. The report will provide an inventory of facilities in
significant noncompliance and an estimate of cost needed to bring these
facilities back into compliance. The 1990 Needs Survey will be nearly complete
and Needs Survey data will be integrated with permits and grants information
systems to enable consolidated POTW reporting. EPA will provide $800,000 to
support state operator training programs. Activities associated with
management of the operator training program are described in the Operations and
Maintenance program element.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating $42,602,500 supported by 447.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $21,234,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $21,368,200 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
1989 is a critical year for the program with a maximum SRF implementation
effort and significant continuing responsibility for the management and
oversight of almost 6,000 ongoing construction grants projects. Since Title VI
requires states to commit 1989 funds to SRFs, essentially all states are
expected to submit capitalization grant applications. Major efforts are
required to effectively review state applications, negotiate payment schedules
and award initial grants. With contractor support, Regions and states are
receiving training, information and assistance for development, implementation
and oversight of SRF programs.
Traditional construction grants management and state oversight
responsibilities remain significant activities during 1989. EPA is monitoring
state delegation status and performing the remaining nondelegated project
management responsibilities. In addition, implementation of new construction
grants provisions, including grants to Indian tribes, is continuing. The
$15,300,000 allocated for the COE Interagency Agreement (IAG), combined with
carryover funds, is supporting 281 workyears to provide construction management
assistance to EPA and the states. The 1988 Needs Survey is being completed and
work is underway on the 1990 Needs Survey.
The program emphasizes a unified approach to POTW toxics management by
improving RCRA/Superfund coordination in treating wastes from sites addressed
under those programs. POTW technologies are being evaluated and information
disseminated to states, POTWs and architect/engineering firms on the
effectiveness of innovative/alternative (I/A) as well as conventional
treatment technologies. To support local self-sufficiency, especially among
small communities that need construction, EPA widely disseminates information
3-61
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on cost- and environmentally-effective treatment technologies and local
financial management approaches. Significant ongoing financial support to the
Small Flows Clearinghouse contributes to a much expanded community outreach
assistance program.
The technical reports to Congress on sulfide corrosion and
rainfall-induced infiltration of sewers are being completed. The Agency is
targeting $1,800,000 to selected states that provide effective on-site
operations and compliance assistance to small POTWs.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $52,671,200 supported by 439.6
total workyears for this program, of which $19,907,800 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $32,763,400 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
r
EPA moved toward implementing Title VI requirements for establishment of
self-sufficient SRF programs and other new statutory initiatives. Eight
states received SRF capitalization grants and 4 additional grant applications
were under review. Guidance, regulations and training were provided to states
and Regions for development, implementation and oversight of SRFs.
Headquarters completed a State Funding Study, identifying the funding needs for
state management of water programs, and provided information on alternative
financing mechanisms to advance states' efforts toward development of
innovative financing techniques to address state funding needs.
Effective Federal and state management and oversight of the construction
grants program continued with 634 construction grant awards in 1988 for a total
active project workload of 6,244. New construction grants statutory programs
were implemented, including Indian tribes, accelerated disputes resolutions and
"turnkey" projects. -The $15,500,000 obligated for the Corps of Engineers IAG
purchased 281 workyears of support to EPA and the states to ensure technical
and fiscal integrity of construction projects. The Indian Needs Survey and the
1988 Needs Survey were in final stages of completion. Headquarters and Regions
reviewed a total of 11 proposed Advanced Treatment (AT) projects with
incremental costs over $3,000,000. Marine Combined Sewer Overflow awards
totaling $23,100,000 were made for 8 projects.
Work on technologies evaluations and information transfer for both I/A and
conventional designs continued. The Agency obligated $1,800,000 to promote
state operator training programs to assist small communities. The scope of the
Small Flows Clearinghouse was also expanded with funds available from the
construction grants reallotment process, under the provisions of Section
104(q).
WASTE TREATMENT OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,544,900 supported by 31.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $67,600 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and no change in workyears. The increase reflects
increased personnel and support costs.
3-62
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Stable staffing, together with the resources requested to continue
operator training grants under the Municipal Waste Treatment Facilities
Construction program, reflect the Agency's commitment to the development of
effective state operations and maintenance (O&M) and operator training
programs, and support to improved minor municipal facilities compliance.
With $800,000 in grant funds, state and EPA Regional staff will be able to
provide on-site compliance assistance and operator training at about 270 minor
POTWs. Operator training grants will be provided to states which have
developed comprehensive municipal compliance programs. EPA will promote
improved local user charge and financial management systems and identification
of O&M compliance problems through effective diagnostic evaluation and
laboratory quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) programs. In
addition, the Agency will provide guidance, information and oversight to assist
the states and communities to strengthen local O&M programs for improved
sludge, toxics, and Innovative/Alternative and conventional technologies
management.
o
EPA will continue to recognize superior facilities through enhancements to
its National and Regional O&M Excellence Awards programs. Staff will review
project performance certifications submitted by new facilities and monitor
needs and corrective actions.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,477,300 supported by 31.5
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation.
Information and guidance continue to be is'sued to promote more cost-
effective O&M activities funded under Sections 104(g), 106 and 205(g). States
and EPA Regions expect to use $1,800,000 to provide on-site O&M assistance to
581 small communities. EPA is conducting a program to train on-site inspectors
to diagnose and assist resolution of small communities' financial and user
charge system problems where these contribute to O&M and permit compliance
problems.
EPA will continue with the highly successful O&M Excellence Awards
program which was expanded to recognize model nondischarging facilities. The
Agency plans to make 66 Regional awards and eight national awards. Likewise,
the national sludge beneficial use awards programs will continue. Staff are
reviewing project performance certifications and implementing minor POTW QA/QC
programs.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated $1,384,300 supported by 30.1 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
EPA and the states obligated $1,800,000 to provide on-site compliance
assistance to 688 small communities and returned 385 to compliance. Over 2,800
plants have been assisted to date, with over 1,587 having returned to
compliance and most of the others operating with improved performance. EPA
also studied factors limiting plant performance in small communities and
reported its findings to state and local officials and the architect and
engineering community.
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EPA expanded its O&M Excellence Awards program to recognize model non-
discharging facilities. The Agency made 64 Regional and eight national awards
recognizing outstanding facilities. In addition, a video on O&M management
factors contributing to outstanding plant performance was produced and a
brochure of success stories emphasizing innovative approaches to problem
solving for state and local officials and plant operators was issued.
3-64
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Enforcement
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
WATER QUALITY 3-1
ENFORCEMENT
Water Quality Enforcement 3-65
Water Quality Permit Issuance 3-69
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Enforcement
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Water Quality
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$18,188.9 $18,426.1 $18,223.0 $19,228.0 $1,005.0
$1,638.1 $1,607.0 $1,579.6 $2,579.6 $1,000:0
TOTAL $19,827.0 $20,033.1 $19,802.6 $21,807.6 $2,005.0
TOTAL: .
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Water Quality
Enforcement
$18,188.9 $18,426.1 $18,223.0 $19,228.0 $1,005.0
$1,638.1 $1,607.0 $1,579.6 $2,579.6 $1,000.0
TOTAL $19,827.0 $20,033.1 $19,802.6 $21,807.6 $2,005.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Water Quality
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
378.5
378.5
385.6
385.6
382.4
382.4
394.7
394.7
12.3
12.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Water Quality
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS
409.8
409.8
408.3
408.3
404.7
404.7
394.7
394.7
-10.0
-10.0
3-65
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WATER
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $21,807,600 supported by 394.7 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $2,005,000 from 1989. Of the request,
$19,228,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $2,579,600
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, an increase of
$1,005,000 for Salaries and Expenses, an increase of $1,000,000 for Abatement,
Control and Compliance, and a decrease of 10.0 total workyears.
WATER QUALITY ENFORCEMENT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $21,807,600 supported by 394.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $19,228,000 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,579,600 will be for the Abatement, "Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,005,000 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $1,000,000 for the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and a decrease of 10.0 total
workyears. The increase for Salaries and. Expenses reflects increased personnel
and support costs. The increase for Abatement, Control and Compliance will
support data systems integration and increased enforcement and monitoring of
toxic controls. The decrease of 10.0 workyears reflects the use of more
efficient enforcement mechanisms.
In 1990, EPA's priority will be to improve municipal compliance rates of
constructed facilities with final effluent limits. All but 85 major municipal
facilities will have completed construction to meet final effluent limits. EPA
and states will continue to monitor these facilities to ensure compliance with
their construction schedules. For those POTWs which have completed
construction, EPA will assess compliance using diagnostic inspections, identify
causes of noncompliance, and establish corrective action plans.
In support of municipal compliance, the pretreatment program will
increase enforcement against publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) which fail
to implement their approved pretreatment programs. EPA will continue to rely
on approved states and POTWs to ensure that industrial users (lUs) comply with
pretreatment standards. Where there is no approved local or state program,
EPA will continue to identify categorical lUs, monitor compliance through
review of semi-annual reports, and conduct inspections where environmental harm
is suspected. In serious cases of noncompliance, appropriate enforcement
action will be taken, including criminal enforcement.
In 1990, EPA will place a high priority on enforcing toxic permit
requirements and will implement the Compliance Monitoring and Enforcement
Strategy for Toxics Control, in cooperation with the states. EPA will also
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initiate enforcement of permits for combined sewer overflows and enforcement of
sludge requirements in permits.
The Permit Compliance System (PCS), the primary data base for the NPDES
program, will be used to generate Quarterly Noncompliance 'Reports;
automatically review Discharge Monitoring Reports (DMR); and track performance
of POTWs in implementing their pretreatment programs. Additional resources
will be used to enhance PCS capabilities by implementing new graphics and
mapping components and other information management techniques to facilitate
the integration and exchange of data with other automated systems.
Regions will maintain effective inspection programs by conducting 1,900
inspections of municipal and industrial permittees and will continue to
emphasize a "timely and appropriate" enforcement response in all cases of
significant noncompliance. Contractual and technical support will be provided
for approximately 120 judicial cases, many of which will be pretreatment or
cases involving discharge of toxic pollutants. Other non-NPDES administrative
enforcement activities will include inspections of facilities with spill
prevention control plans and enforcement against those not in compliance.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $19,802,600 supported by
404.7 total workyears for this program, o'f which $18,223,000 is from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,579,600 is from the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.
EPA is giving high priority to ensuring compliance with enforceable
construction schedules by the approximately 420 major National Municipal
Policy (NMP) facilities which have not yet completed construction to meet final
effluent limits. In 1989, the Agency will enforce these schedules through
referrals for civil judicial action or contempt actions. Major municipal
permittees in unapproved states that fail to comply with final permit limits
are also being addressed.
The pretreatment enforcement program will concentrate on evaluating some
1,500 POTWs to assure effective implementation of approved pretreatment
programs. Data provided through the pretreatment tracking system indicates
that approximately 40 percent of POTWs are failing to adequately implement at
least one significant component of their program. The Agency will use formal
enforcement action against the most serious cases of POTW noncompliance with
approved pretreatment programs.
EPA will continue to improve and expand compliance enforcement data
management capabilities through the use of Permit Compliance System (PCS). In
1989, all EPA Regions will produce Quarterly Noncompliance Reports on PCS and
enter data to the Pretreatment Permits and Enforcement Tracking System.
Regions will assess administrative penalties in all categories of
noncomplying permittees and in conjunction with orders requiring corrective
action. Regions continue to respond to all cases of significant noncompliance
with enforcement action, where necessary, and are addressing nearly all cases
of industrial noncompliance. Inspections are being used to verify the
compliance status of municipal and industrial permittees, with all major
municipal and industrial facilities inspected annually.
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1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $19,827,000 supported by 409.8
total workyears for this program, of which $18,188,900 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $1,638,100 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The highest priority in 1988 was to achieve the goals of the NMP. As of
the July 1, 1988 deadline, 71 percent of the NMP universe had completed
construction to comply with final effluent limits -- bringing the overall
compliance rate for municipal facilities to 87 percent. Only 13 of the
original 1,479 major NMP facilities were not yet on an enforceable schedule or
referred for judicial enforcement action. Enforceable construction schedules
have also been established for approximately 70 percent of the 1,700 minor
municipal facilities needing schedules. Judicial action was initiated against
54 POTWs as a means of establishing schedules in 1988.
Pretreatment activity focused on monitoring the compliance of approved
programs, and enforcement actions were brought against noncomplying POTWs and
IDs. EPA conducted a total of 798 pretreatment inspections and referred 23
pretreatment judicial actions to the Department of Justice. Additionally, EPA
issued 222 administrative orders and 25 administrative penalty orders for
violation . of pretreatment requirements. The Pretreatment Permits and
Enforcement Tracking System became fully operational and EPA developed and
implemented criteria for evaluating and reporting POTW noncompliance with
pretreatment implementation requirements. Regional and state personnel were
trained in monitoring and inspection techniques and POTWs with pretreatment
programs were trained to enforce pretreatment requirements.
Enforcement of Section 311 oil and hazardous substance spill requirements
included 81 referrals to the U.S. Coast Guard for assessment of civil penalties
and 50 administrative actions for violations of Spill Prevention Control and
Countermeasure plan requirements.
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Permit Issuance
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Permit Issuance
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$12,329.4 $13,605.4 $13,501.3 $14,145.0 $643.7
$5,278.7 $8,528.7 $8,311.6 $7,311.6 -$1,000.0
TOTAL $17,608.1 $22,134.1 $21,812.9 $21,456.6
-$356.3
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$12,329.4 $13,605.4 $13,501.3 $14,145.0 $643.7
$5,278.7 $8,528.7 $8,311.6 $7,311.6 -$1,000.0
Water Quality Permit TOTAL $17,608.1 $22,134.1 $21,812.9 $21,456.6 -$356.3
Issuance
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Permit Issuance
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
282.7
282.7
326.2
326.2
323.9
323.9
340.3
340.3
16.4
16.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Permit Issuance
TOTAL WORKYEARS
298.2
298.2
343.0
343.0
340.3
340.3
340.3
340.3
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WATER
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Permit Issuance
BudEet Request
The Agency requests a total of $21,456,600 supported by 340.3 total
workyears for 1990, a decrease of $356,300 from 1989. Of the request,
$14,145,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $7,311,600
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, an increase of
$643,700 and a decrease of $1,000,000, respectively.
PERMIT ISSUANCE
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $21,456,600 supported by 340.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $14,145,000 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,311,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents"an increase of $643,700 in Salaries
and Expenses, a decrease of $1,000,000 in Abatement, Control and Compliance,
and no change in total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses
reflects increased personnel and support costs. The decrease in Abatement,
Control and Compliance reflects the completion of the stormwater and the
Hilo-Hamakua Sugar Cane Processing Mills studies to Congress, and completion of
the state toxic control program assessments.
During 1990, emphasis will be placed on issuing or modifying permits to
facilities to incorporate discharge limitations where surface water toxic
assessments have been completed and new or revised toxic or toxicity controls
are needed; where state Individual Control Strategies (ICSs) have been
disapproved; where Section 403(c) permits are expiring; and to incorporate
sludge requirements in expiring major municipal permits. EPA will complete
approval/denial of the remaining 301(g) requests and fundamentally different
factors (FDF) requests from organic chemical and pesticide plants for
direct/indirect dischargers.
EPA will continue to review full and partial NPDES programs, including
Indian tribes and program modifications. EPA will assist states in developing
sludge programs and in issuing and modifying permits to include toxic/toxicity
controls. Contract support will assist in issuing an extraordinarily large
number of NPDES state permits that will expire in 1990.
In 1990, EPA will continue to conduct detailed on-site POTW pretreatment
program reviews, with appropriate follow-up actions, to ensure effective
implementation. EPA will assist POTWs to develop/modify local limits to
control toxics and hazardous pollutants in accordance with revised pretreatment
regulations and as required by ICSs and changes in sludge disposal standards.
Assistance will be provided to POTWs in revising control mechanisms for
significant industrial users in those states where EPA is the Control
Authority.
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EPA will promulgate revisions to the NPDES regulation to reflect
statutory changes contained in the Water Quality Act of 1987. EPA will
complete Congressionally required studies to establish procedures and methods
to control stormwater discharges, to determine the nature and extent of
pollutants from stormwater discharges, and to" mitigate their impacts on water
quality.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $21,812,900 supported by
340.3 total workyears for this program, of which $13,501,300 is from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $8,311,600 is from the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.
During 1989, emphasis continues on control of hazardous and toxic
pollutants from direct dischargers. Priority is given to completing the
issuance of ICSs to major and minor dischargers listed as required by Section
304(1) of the Clean Water Act, as amended. Remaining permits are being issued
to include toxicity-based or water quality-based limits based on human health
protection, toxicity reduction .evaluations, revised local pretreatment
programs, and/or Best Available Technology (BAT) for organic chemicals. To
ensure protection of critical habitats, EPA will focus on issuing permits to
major near coastal water dischargers that expire in 1989.
EPA will continue to review NPDES program and program modification
requests. In addition, EPA will assist states to develop sludge programs and
strengthen their NPDES state toxic control programs in accordance with action
plans.
In 1989, EPA will assist POTWs to develop/modify local limits to control
toxics and hazardous pollutants in accordance with revised pretreatment
regulations and as required by ICSs and changes in sludge disposal standards.
EPA will continue to audit POTWs to evaluate application of categorical
standards, local limits and issuance of control mechanisms. Guidance and
contract assistance will be provided to implement revisions to the general
pretreatment regulations based on the Pretreatment Implementation Review Task
Force; revise/develop local limits to include additional toxic pollutant
limits, including organics; conduct toxicity reduction evaluations and assess
toxicity related spills; and apply organic chemical categorical pretreatment
standards. Workshops and seminars will be provided on toxicity testing,
biomonitoring, and state/POTW pretreatment implementation.
The Agency is proposing NPDES regulation revisions to reflect changes
contained in the Water Quality Act of 1987. State program and permitting
regulations for sludge will also be promulgated.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $17,608,100 supported by 298.2
total workyears for this program, of which $12,329,400 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $5,278,700 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
Contract resources were used to develop individual control strategies,
evaluate state toxic control assessments, develop local limits and water
quality-based limits in POTW permits, conduct audits of approved local and
NPDES state pretreatment programs, and develop NPDES programs and program
3-71
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modifications, especially sludge programs. Workshops and seminars were held on
pretreatment implementation.
EPA issued a total of 336 major permits, of which 176 were industrial and
160 were municipal. Additionally, a total of 837 permits were issued for
minor facilities.
In 1988 work continued on reviewing several states' program requests or
program modification requests. No program approvals or program modifications
approvals and no partial programs were requested during 1988. During 1988, EPA
performed 146 local pretreatment program audits and another 175 were performed
by pretreatment states.
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4. DRINKING
WATER
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
DRINKING WATER 4-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Drinking Water Research 4-7
Scientific Assessment 4-11
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 4-12
Health Effects 4-13
Environmental Engineering and Technology 4-15
Environmental Processes and Effects 4-16
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 4-18
Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 4-20
Drinking Water Implementation 4-22
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance 4-25
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants 4-26
Underground Injection Control Program Grants 4-28
Special Studies and Demonstrations 4-30
Drinking Water Management 4-32
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Assistance 4-34
Underground Injection Control Program 4-36
Ground-Water Protection 4-39
ENFORCEMENT
Drinking Water Enforcement 4-44
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DRINKING WATER
ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
TOTAL, Drinking Water
$34,758.0 $36,109.9 $35,888.5 $40,088.1 $4,199.6
$59,900.1 $60,863.0 $60,678.8 $67,128.1 $6,449.3
$12,332.4 $11,364.2 $11,235.6 $11,738.4 $502.8
$106,990.5 $108,337.1 $107,802.9 $118,954.6 $11,151.7
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
687.6 720.3 716.5 766.7 50.2
746.8 745.5 741.1 766.7 25.6
$105,357.4 $103,886.0 $103,369.2 $112,690.6 $9,321.4
The Safe Drinking Water Act of 1986 reauthorized this
program at a level of $145,150.0 for 1988, $199,570.0
for 1989, and $199,570.0 for 1990.
4-1
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WATER
DRINKING WATER
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The goals of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) as amended in 1986 are to
assure that public water supplies are free of contaminants that may cause
health risks and to protect and prevent the endangerment of ground-water
resources that serve as drinking water supplies. EPA has developed a twofold
approach to this legislative mandate that includes protecting drinking water at
the tap and preventing contamination of ground-water sources of drinking water
supplies. The 1986 Amendments provide for an expanded Federal role in
protecting drinking water at the tap, mandating new national standards and
Federal responsibility to enforce them in the event of state inaction. EPA has
established a Five-Year Strategy for Drinking Water Protection, which
integrates the standard setting, implementation of new program
responsibilities, and ultimate enforcement authority components of this new
Federal mandate. The Strategy is intended to accomplish the goal of
establishing a new, comprehensive level of drinking water protection into the
twenty-first century.
EPA is also focusing on the prevention of contamination of
valuable/vulnerable ground-water resources by assisting states in the
development and implementation of comprehensive ground-water protection
strategies. These strategies will address both the full range of
actual/potential sources of ground-water contamination and provide for wellhead
protection activities in the areas around public water systems. In addition,
EPA is targeting specific activities to protect drinking water sources from the
harmful effects of injection of wastes and other fluids; and, in particular, is
developing a strategy to address the vast number of diverse "miscellaneous," or
Class V, injection wells.
Drinking Water Standard Setting
The first step in implementing a new, comprehensive level of drinking
water protection is to establish the framework, promulgating National Primary
Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs) on any contaminants "known or anticipated
to occur" in public water systems (PWSs) that may have any adverse human health
effects. The SDWA Amendments prescribe a stringent timetable for regulating 83
contaminants referenced in the law, a subsequent triennial cycle for listing
and regulating additional contaminants, and specific treatment technology
requirements.
EPA is proceeding with the required level of regulatory protection by
promulgating NPDWRs, setting the full array of standards and/or treatment
requirements mandated as fast as the state of scientific and technological
knowledge permits. These standards will entail the full measure of public
health protection prescribed by Congress; that is, Maximum Contaminant Levels
(MCLs) that represent the level of maximum feasible health protection. Not
only does this directly enhance protection at the tap, but also provides a
comprehensive array of standards for use as health protection benchmarks in
other environmental programs. At the same time, EPA will take into account the
potential burden of the wholesale increase in the number of regulatory
4-2
-------
requirements, building into the standards themselves both flexibility and
streamlined administrative requirements. To the extent they are compatible
with SDWA mandates, these standards will promote states' freedom of action.
The accompanying monitoring and reporting requirements are staggered, giving
smaller systems more time to prepare for monitoring and compliance.
In 1990, EPA will be in the midst of the first effort to provide a
comprehensive regulatory framework, pursuing NPDWRs for the required chemical,
radionuclide and microbiological contaminants and a treatment technology rule
for surface source systems. Among these are rules for three critical
contaminant risks: 1) the Surface Water Treatment Rule and a revised
microbiological monitoring MCL to address infectious disease risks; 2) a
corrosion-control treatment rule and lead MCL to address the palpable health
risks of lead in drinking water; and 3) MCLs for radon and other radionuclides.
The outstanding major health risk will be addressed with a complex of
disinfection requirements, disinfectant MCLs and standards for disinfectant
by-products, along with further standards for pesticides and other contaminants
listed in 1988.
PWS Program Implementation
EPA depends heavily on the states to ensure drinking water protection.
EPA and the states must lay the foundation to achieve the best possible start
on implementing the succession of new and revised regulatory requirements by
reducing current non-compliance to a minimum. To this end, the states are
pursuing a strategy that combines traditional and new approaches to address
both aspects simultaneously. In addition, the states are taking into account
the prevalence of numerous, dispersed small community, non-transient and
non-community systems that require individual attention in order to achieve
compliance.
EPA's first priority is to support the expansion of state program
capabilities which are essential to implement the growing regulatory framework.
States are being encouraged to invest in developing new approaches to
interacting with systems and other interested parties in order to increase
their effectiveness. EPA has been promoting the concept of mobilization--
attaining the maximum level of third-party participation and service -- as the
most cost-effective way to both promote autonomous system compliance and to
address the primary causes of system non-compliance (which include customer
resistance to higher rates, inadequate technical expertise, and poor training).
One challenge is simply to reach the thousands of small systems so that a large
degree of inadvertent non-compliance can be averted.
States have had notable success in maintaining and increasing systems'
compliance through their traditional programs, which themselves reflect a
balance of preventative measures (regular surveillance of systems' operations,
review of planned facility changes, operator certification), technical
assistance and an enforcement deterrent. Ultimately, however, additional
requirements mean increased non-compliance. In the future, EPA will have to
establish enforcement priorities on the basis of health risk, focusing on the
prevalence of microbiological, lead, radionuclide and by-product contamination.
As a first step, EPA has defined the category of Significant Non-compliance,
which now governs enforcement priorities, on the basis of health risk.
4-3
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Underground Injection Control
EPA and 40 state primacy programs will continue to maintain regulatory
coverage of 293,000 injection wells. The subset of Class V wells encompasses a
wide variety of different well types that resist uniform regulatory treatment,
ranging from radioactive waste-disposal wells, service station and industrial
drainage and disposal wells, to irrigation return wells. The Agency is
targeting its initial efforts on two to five "high-risk" Class V categories,
such as automobile service station wells and industrial process disposal
wells, based on their contamination potential. Possible regulatory controls of
Class V practices could range in stringency from outright banning, closure,
permitting, enforcement and publication of best management procedures, to
outreach and education.
Addressing the emerging problem of Class V wells complements and
reinforces the Agency's efforts in regulating the principal classes of
injection wells. Class II (oil and gas production and storage-related
injection wells) compliance evaluations will continue as the remaining states
complete their first five-year cycle of Class II file reviews. The program
will emphasize both permitting and ensuring compliance with permit and
statutory requirements of other UIC categories, particularly Class I and II.
Where a state does not or cannot respond to violations in a timely and
appropriate manner, EPA will take enforcement action.
Ground-Water Protection
In 1990, EPA will emphasize the use of state ground-water protection
strategies as the framework for a comprehensive approach to protecting and
preserving ground-water resources. EPA will focus on expanding the capability
of states to address the total range of activities that protect ground water
from actual and potential sources of contamination, particularly those that are
not Federally regulated. State ground-water protection strategies will
concentrate on integrating states' protection efforts with Federal programs to
assure compatibility between state and Federal activities. In response to the
Agency's Agricultural Chemicals in Ground-Water Strategy, a key EPA initiative
in 1990, ground-water protection strategies will serve as the basis for state
efforts to address agricultural, especially pesticide, contamination of ground
water. Through guidance and technical assistance from both the Agency
ground-water protection and pesticides programs, states will be developing
pesticide management plans that provide for highly tailored prevention
measures based on area-specific differences in ground-water use, value, and
vulnerability.
A central feature of a comprehensive ground-water protection strategy
includes activities targeted to high priority ground-water resources. A
primary example of this type of targeting is the protection of areas and fields
surrounding wells of public water systems, commonly known as wellhead
protection. Thus, in 1990, EPA will assist states in developing wellhead
protection programs and incorporating these activities into the implementation
of their ground-water protection strategies. The Agency will continue to
provide extensive direct assistance to states in the delineation of wellhead
protection areas. In addition, EPA will work with states in the assessment of
specific sources of contamination and the development of risk management
strategies and options for multiple sources of ground-water contamination.
In 1990, EPA will also assist states in building and strengthening their
capabilities in the area of ground-water information management. EPA will
4-4
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implement a minimum data element set to assure that ground-water data
collected by or on behalf of the Agency is comparable, compatible, and readily
accessible to Regional, state, and local managers, as well as other Federal
agencies. EPA will continue to enhance and modernize STORET and other EPA data
management systems to make them more user-friendly and, therefore, more
available to a larger number of state and local ground-water decision-makers.
The Agency will also continue to enhance and encourage the use of geographic
information systems as a means of identifying the most critical sources of
contamination in high priority ground-water protection areas.
Research and Development
The Agency will continue to focus on research of subsurface transport and
fate processes that influence ground-water contamination. In 1990, research
will emphasize the processes by which the transportation of subsurface water is
facilitated by certain chemical solvents, biological transformations, and
oxidation/reduction reactions that focus on the behavior of complex mixtures.
The results of the research will allow better human exposure assessments from
ground-water contamination. EPA will also develop an integrated research
effort focusing on new approaches to delineate and manage ground-water quality
within wellhead protection areas.
The research program will continue to support methods development to
detect ground-water contaminants, understand and predict their behavior,
evaluate the viability and cost-effectiveness of in-situ restoration as a
clean-up alternative, and support UIC regulatory efforts.
The Agency will develop data on the chemistry and •toxicology of
disinfectants used in place of chlorine, primarily ozone and chloramine and
their reaction by-products. EPA anticipates that in the near future many
municipalities will be forced to begin using ozone and chloramine as well as
combinations of the two chemicals for drinking water disinfection. Currently,
very little is known about either the spectrum of their by-products during
disinfection or the toxicological properties of these chemicals and/or mixtures
of chemicals. Research will begin to develop and validate biomarkers to
quantify exposure and effects, with particular emphasis placed on the
gastro-intestinal tract where the first exposure to chemicals occurs.
4-5
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DRINKING WATER
Actual
1988
Current
Estimate
1989
Estimate
1990
Increase
Decrease
1990 vs.
1989
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
UIC Permit Determinations
- for existing and new
facilities, by primacy
states
- for existing and new
facilities, by EPA
UIC MIT Testing
UIC File Review
Enforcement Actions - PWS:
Inspections
Notices of Violation
Administrative Orders....
Civil Litigation (new)...
Criminal Litigation
Enforcement Actions - UIC:
Inspections
Notices of Violation
Administrative Orders....
Civil Litigation (new)...
Criminal Litigation
Cumulative Outputs
PWS Primacy States
UIC Primacy States (full
and partial programs).. ,
Designated Sole Source
Aquifers
8,014
582
25,736
24,896
n/a
258
161
9
0
74,592
n/a
93
4
0
54
33/6
48
6,539
590
28,226
12,750
n/a
358
285
8
0
60,382
n/a
108
4
0
54
35/5
56
6,539
590
28,226
12,750
n/a
354
285
8
0
60,382
n/a
123
4
0
54
36/4
60
0
0
0
0
-4
0
0
0
0
+15
0
0
0
0
+4
4-6
-------
Research and
Development
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
DRINKING WATER
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Drinking Water Research 4-7
Scientific Assessment 4-11
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 4-12
Health Effects 4-13
Environmental Engineering and Technology 4-15
Environmental Processes and Effects 4-16
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Research
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment -
Drinking Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Drinking Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Health Effects -
Drinking Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Drinking
Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Drinking
Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
$450
$294
$745
$1,
$1,
$3,
$3,
$4,
$8,
$3,
$2,
$5,
$1,
$3,
657
569
227
312
970
282
092
092
184
554
404
.2
.9
.1
.9
.3
.2
.0
.9
.9
.2
.7
.9
.4
• 6
$2
$1
$3
$2
$3
$6
$3
$1
$5
$1
$3
$477.6
$296.8
$774.4
,150.8
,747.3
,898.1
,971.7
,934.9
,906.6
,263.7
,961.1
,224.8
,584.8
,424.1
$436
$271
$708
$2,
$1,
$3,
$2,
$3,
$6,
$3,
$1,
$5,
$1,
$3,
145
747
892
947
834
782
179
957
137
584
424
.2
.8
.0
.5
.3
.8
.9
.9
.8
.9
.5
.4
.8
.1
$2
$1
$4
$3
$3
$6
$3
$1
$5
$1
$4
$513.
$271.
$784.
,351.
,747.
,098.
,228.
,534.
,763.
,459.
,960.
,419.
,958.
,224.
0
8
8
2
3
5
8
9
7
5
3
8
0
1
$76.8
$76.8
$205.7
$205.7
$280.9
-$300.0
-$19.1
$279.6
$2.8
$282.4
TOTAL $4,959.0 $5,008.9 $5,008.9 $6,182.1
$373.2
$800.0
$1,173.2
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
Drinking Water
Research
$10,066.7 $10,448.6 $10,294.3 $11,510.5 $1,216.2
$12,332.4 $11,364.2 $11,235.6 $11,738.4 $502.8
TOTAL $22,399.1 $21,812.8 $21,529.9 $23,248.9 $1,719.0
4-7
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ACTUAL
1988
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Research
ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Drinking Water
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Drinking Water
Health Effects -
Drinking Water
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Drinking
Water
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Drinking
Water
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Drinking Water
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Drinking Water
Health Effects -
Drinking Water
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Drinking
Water
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Drinking
Water
TOTAL WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
9.1
28.3
61.3
59.9
27.2
185.8
9.4
28.3
65.6
61.9
30.1
9.0
37.9
58.3
57.8
29.3
192.3
9.0
37.9
58.3
57.8
29.3
8.0
37.9
58.3
56.4
29.3
189.9
8.0
37.9
58.3
56.4
29.3
8.0
37.8
58.2
56.3
29.2
189.5
8.0
37.8
58.2
56.3
29.2
-.1
-.1
-.1
-.1
- .4
-.1
-.1
195.3 192.3 189.9 189.5
4-8
-.1
-4
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Research
Principal Outputs by Objective
Objective 1: Develop Drinking Water Standards Based on Health Effects Through
Risk Assessment Studies
1990: o Develop supporting documentation for health advisories and
criteria documents (Scientific Assessment)
o Report on the mechanistic approaches to assess the interactions of
drinking water contaminants (Health)
o Report on cancer risks associated with the disinfection 'of
drinking water (Health)
1989: o Develop health advisories and criteria documents (Scientific
Assessment)
o Report on the carcinogenic and reproductive effects of
disinfectants/by-products (Health)
o Report on cancer risks associated with the chlorination of
drinking water. (Health)
o Report on the chemistry and toxicology of chlorinated hydroxyfura-
nones (Health)
1988: o Update and finalize 19 Phase II chemicals and 14 Phase V
chemicals (Scientific Assessment)
o Report on target organ toxicity of disinfectants and disinfectant
by-products (Health)
o Report on target organ toxicity of chemicals tested for
health advisory development (Health)
Objective 2: Provide Engineering Technologies and Monitoring Data for Drinking
Water Standards
1990: o Report on lead leaching from water faucets (Engineering)
o Develop and verify Legionella inactivation data for public
plumbing systems (Engineering)
1989: o Report on radiation methods validation and intercomparison
studies program for drinking water radiation quality assurance
(Monitoring)
o Provide systems performance procedures for on-site evaluation and
certification of drinking water monitoring laboratories
(Monitoring)
o Report on pilot plant disinfection and disinfection by-products
with ozone combined with chloramines and chlorine (Engineering)
o Report on treatment techniques to remove radon from small water
supplies (Engineering)
4-9
-------
1988: o Final standardized methods for synthetic organic chemicals and
pesticides for the underground water survey (Monitoring)
o Internal report on in-house pilot studies for control of
disinfectant by-products (Engineering)
Objective 3: Provide Scientific Methods and Data for Protection of Ground-
Water Resources
1990:
1989:
\
1988: o
Report on ozonization products in drinking water (Environmental
Processes)
Provide improved methods for predicting contaminant movement and
transformation (Monitoring)
Develop laser-induced fluorescence for monitoring groundwater by
fiber optics (Monitoring)
Report on sources of variability affecting groundwater monitoring
data (Monitoring)
Report on fiber optics for monitoring groundwater contaminants
(Monitoring)
Report on impacts of unregulated sources of groundwater
contamination in wellhead protection areas (Environmental
Processes)
Evaluate and develop of laser-induced fluorescence for
monitoring groundwater contamination using fiber optics
(Monitoring)
Report on in-situ restoration of an aquifer contaminated with
halogenated organic contaminants (Environmental Processes)
Report on hydro chemical characterization of a saline aquifer used
for waste disposal (Environmental Processes)
Report on the occurrence of synthetic chemical constituents in
Distribution and Marketing sludge products (Health)
4-10
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $23,248,900 supported by 189.5 total work-
years for 1990, an increase of $1,719,000 and a decrease of 0.4 in total
workyears from 1988. Of the request, $11,510,500 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $11,738,400 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation, increases of $1,216,200 and of $502,800, respectively.
Program Objectives
The Drinking Water research program provides support to States and the EPA
Office of Drinking Water (ODW) in implementing the Safe Drinking Water Act
(SDWA). This program consists of the following objectives:
Objective 1: Provide Scientific Basis for Drinking Water Standards.
Research in this activity provides health assessment information to support the
Office of Drinking Water in revising regulations to control drinking water
contaminants under the SDWA. The health research program also assists States
in ascertaining causes of outbreaks from waterborne infectious diseases .and
determining the hazard to humans from exposure to infectious agents
through drinking water.
Objective 2: Provide Engineering Technologies and Monitoring Data for
Drinking Water Standards. Research supporting this objective provides
analytical procedures to monitor drinking water contaminants. In addition,
engineering research will evaluate treatment processes and costs to support ODW
regulatory decision-making.
Objective 3: Provide Scientific Methods and Data for Protection of
Ground-Water Resources. Work in this category will provide the scientific
basis for the protection of underground drinking water sources to implement
Section 1421 and 1414 of the SDWA. These efforts are coordinated with the
Pesticides and Hazardous Waste Programs.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $784,800 supported by 8.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $513,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $271,800 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $76,800 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, with no change in the Research and Development
appropriation and total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses
reflects increased personnel and support costs.
4-11
-------
Provide Scientific Basis for Drinking Water Standards. This program
provides quantitative health risk assessments, from exposure to drinking water
contaminants, for the development of drinking water standards. It includes
review and disposition of comments received for drinking water health
assessment/criteria documents on Phase IV, V, and VI chemicals, continuing
documentation for the health advisory programs, providing technical support and
assistance to regions and states; maintaining state-of-the-art methodology for
assessment of potential risk to human health from exposure to constituents
found in drinking water.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $708,000 supported by 8.0
total workyears for this program, of which $436,200 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $271,800 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
In 1989, this program will finalize documentation for 14 Phase V
chemicals, initiate criteria documents on 8 Phase VI chemicals. Respond to
comments on Phase II documents, finalize criteria on 3 Phase IV chemicals and
assess typical mixtures found in drinking water as a result of the disinfection
process. The program will also provide technical support to regions and
states.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $745,100 supported by 9.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $450,200 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $294,900 was from the Research and Development
appropriation.
Major accomplishments included the finalization of documents on the Phase
II chemicals, preparation of the external review draft documents on the Phase V
chemicals and the revision (following QA/QC review) of health advisories of
30 unregulated VOCs listed under Section 1445 SDWA.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,098,500 supported by .37.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,351,200 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,747,300 will be. for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $205,700 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, no change in the Research and Development
appropriation, and an reduction of 0.1 in total workyears. The increase in
Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs. The
workyear reduction reflects a consolidation of resources for the Regional
Scientist Program within the Interdisciplinary Media.
Provide Engineering Technologies and Monitoring Data for Drinking Wate«
Standards. This activity will continue to provide analytical procedures for
4-12
-------
use by the Agency, states municipalities and system operators to monitor
contaminants to assure compliance with Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) (Sec.
1401 of the SDWA). The program will provide system performance procedures for
on-site evaluations and certification of drinking water monitoring
laboratories. Quality assurance activities will continue for all offices and
laboratories involved in data collection.
Provide Scientific Methods and Data for Protection of Groundwater
Resources. Research will provide both technical information and improved
methods for predicting contaminant movement and transformation to better assess
human exposure from groundwater contamination. Research includes evaluating
identification and assessment technologies for improving injection well
practices, assessing fluid movement from injection wells and developing laser
induced fluorescence for monitoring groundwater by fiber optics.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,892,800 supported by 37.9
total workyears for this program, of which $2,145,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,747,300 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
In 1989, the monitoring program is expediting methods validation work to
meet the new drinking water regulations for organic chemical contaminants. The
program provides analytical procedures to monitor drinking water contaminants
including development of procedures for analysis of radioactive contaminants
and improved coliform analysis methods.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $3,227,200 supported by 28.3
total workyears for its monitoring and quality assurance program in drinking
water, of which $1,657,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$1,569,300 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In support of the revised National Primary Drinking Water Regulations
(NPDWR) , chemical and microbiological methods were developed and/or
standardized for the determination of volatile, semi-volatile, and non volatile
organic compounds, coliform bacterial contamination, radionuclides, and
groundwater contamination. Interlaboratory comparisons were performed to
assess the performance of chemical microbiological methods for analysis of
contaminants regulated under. NPDWR and laboratories were certified to do
drinking water analysis. Quality assurance support was provided for EPA,
State, Regional, and contract laboratories.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,763,700 supported by 58.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,228,800 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,534,900 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $280,900 and a decrease of
4-13
-------
$300,000, respectively. An reduction of 0.1 workyear was made. The increase
in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs. The
decrease in the Research and Development appropriation reflects the completion
of toxicological testing on the major set of chemicals identified for
regulation under the SDWA. The workyear reduction reflects a consolidation of
resources for the Regional Scientist Program within the Interdisciplinary
Media.
Provide Scientific Basis for Drinking Water Standards. The health
research program will support the ODW in its effort to develop recommended
drinking water Maximum Contaminant Level Goals (MCLGs) and MCLs for twelve
disinfectants and more than eighteen types of disinfection by-products will be
considered. In response to the Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments, research
will be conducted to isolate, identify, synthesize and characterize the
toxicological effects of major disinfectant by-products that present the
highest probable health risks.
Heavy focus has been placed on the effects of disinfectants to be used as
an alternative to chlorine, such as ozone and chloramine, individually and in
combined mixtures. Research will begin to develop and validate biomarkers to
quantify exposure and effects, particularly on the gastrointestinal track
where the first exposure to chemicals occurs.
Risk extrapolation methodology will be developed for determining human
exposure to chemical mixtures as they occur in source waters for drinking
water. Epidemiology studies will continue to be conducted to determine the
association between the use of disinfectants and chronic health effects
(cancer and cardiovascular disease).
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency allocating a total of $6,782,800 supported by 58.3
total workyears for this program, of which $2,947,900 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,834,900 was from the Research and Development
appropriation.
The research program supports the Office of Drinking Water's efforts to
develop maximum contaminant levels and health advisories for specific chemicals
found in drinking water. The effort develops toxicological data to support
development of maximum contaminant level goals and fill gaps for the first set
of 83 contaminants for which regulations are required. This includes research
on disinfectants, and other organic and inorganic contaminants. Other research
is being conducted to improve risk extrapolation methods.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $8,282,900 supported by 65.6
total workyears for its monitoring and quality assurance program in drinking
water, of which $3,312,000 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$4,970,900 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Several of the major accomplishments were: a report on target organ
toxicities for chemicals evaluated for drinking water health advisories;
report on the analysis of nongenotoxic liver cancer from drinking water
4-14
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contaminants and research determining genotoxic effects of organic chemicals
in drinking water for incorporation into MCLGs; a report on research that
determined target organ toxicities of disinfectants and disinfectant by-
products required under the Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments; and a report on
an epidemiological determination of health hazards associated with low-level
occurrence of viruses.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,419,800 supported by 56.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,459,500 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,960,300 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $279,600 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, with an increase of $2,800 in the Research and
Development appropriation and an decrease of 0.1 in total workyears. The
increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support
costs. The workyear reduction reflects a consolidation of resources for the
Regional Scientist Program within the Interdisciplinary Media.
Provide Engineering Technologies and Monitoring Data for Drinking Water
Standards. This program will provide evaluation of processes for removal of
volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pesticides, and radionuclides for setting
standards and implementing regulations. It will provide information on
treatment systems performances and costs to permit cost-effectiveness analyses
of proposed treatment systems. The program also focuses on evaluations of
disinfectant effectiveness and factors contributing to microbial deterioration
of water quality in distribution systems. Research emphasizing technologies
especially adaptable to small systems are being performed.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,137,400 supported by 56.4
total workyears for this program, of which $3,179,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,957,500 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
Research is evaluating treatment processes and costs to support ODW
regulatory decision-making. Cost data is being compiled for unit processes to
do cost-effectiveness analyses of proposed treatment systems. Factors which
contribute to deterioration of water quality in distribution systems and
methods for control are being investigated. Research work emphasizing
technology particularly adaptable to small systems is also being performed.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $5,184,900 supported by 61.9
total workyears for this program, of which $3,092,200 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,092,700 was from the Research and Development
appropriation.
Several of the more significant accomplishments were: a report on
4-15
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treatment techniques to remove radon from small water supplies; a pilot study
for control of disinfection by-products; and studies on the role of
assimilable organic carbon in coliform compliance and composite coliform
sampling at filtration plants.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,182,100 supported by 29.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,958,000 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,224,100 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $373,200 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, and an increase of $800,000 in the Research and
Development appropriation. The total workyears are decreased by 0.1 FTE. The
increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support
costs. The increase of the Research and Development appropriation reflects an
enhancement of the wellhead protection program. The workyear reduction
reflects a consolidation of resources for the Regional Scientist Program within
the Interdisciplinary Media.
Provide Scientific Methods and Data for Protection of Ground Water
Resources. This program will focus on methods development and studies of
surface transport and fate processes. Research studies will be conducted on
in-situ aquifer restoration techniques which may potentially lead to a more
cost-effective cleanup of aquifers. This work is coordinated with the Hazardous
Waste and Pesticides Programs.
Research will provide field evaluation of movement and transformation of
wastes from underground injection wells. Joint studies will be conducted with
the People's Republic of China in the area of transport and fate of groundwater
contaminants. The program will provide technical assistance for the Wellhead
Protection Program, major technology transfer programs and support for the
Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,008,900 supported by 29.3
total workyears for this program, of which $1,584,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,424,100 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
Research is focused on developing and improving methods for predicting the
impacts of contamination on underground sources of drinking water as well as
providing for information transfer for the International Groundwater Modeling
Center. The program is determining the cost-effectiveness of in-situ aquifer
restoration techniques and •supports the Underground Injection Control (UIC)
program by studying the fate and transport of wastes in and from the injection
zone. The Wellhead Protection Program is providing a study of unregulated
sources and how they affect wellhead protection areas.
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1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $4,959,000 supported by 30.1
total workyears for this program, of which $1,554,400 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,404,600 was from the Research and Development
appropriation.
Among the accomplishments were: a report on in-situ restoration of an
aquifer contaminated with halogenated organic contaminants, and a report on
hydrochemical characterization of a saline aquifer used for waste disposal.
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Abatement
and Control
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
DRINKING WATER 4-1
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 4-18
Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 4-20
Drinking Water Implementation 4-22
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance 4-25
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants 4-26
Underground Injection Control Program Grants 4-28
Special Studies and Demonstrations 4-30
Drinking Water Management 4-32
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Assistance 4-34
Underground Injection Control Program 4-36
Ground-Water Protection 4-39
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards & Guidelines
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Criteria, Standards &
Guidelines
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$7,149.5 $4,859.0 $4,857.4 $5,325.6
$9,256.6 $7,188.7 $7,188.7 $7,138.0
TOTAL $16,406.1 $12,047.7 $12,046.1 $12,463.6
Drinking Water
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
$2,671.4 $2,665.9 $3,190.1
$2,714.3 $2,639.3 $4,639.3
$5,385.7 $5,305.2 $7,829.4
$468.2
-$50.7
$417.5
$524.2
$2,000.0
$2,524.2
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$7,149.5 $7,530.4 $7,523.3 $8,515.7
$9,256.6 $9,903.0 $9,828.0 $11,777.3
Drinking Water TOTAL $16,406.1 $17,433.4 $17,351.3 $20,293.0
Criteria, Standards &
Guidelines
$992.4
$1,949.3
$2,941.7
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Criteria, Standards &
Guidelines
Drinking Water
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
107.6
107.6
70.0
42.0
112.0
70.0
41.9
111.9
70.0
45.9
115.9
4.0
4.0
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards & Guidelines
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
TOTAL WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Criteria, Standards &
Guidelines
Drinking Water
Implementation
116.8
70.0
42.0
70.0
41.9
70.0
45.9
4.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
116.8
112.0
111.9
115.9
4.0
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WATER
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards and Guidelines
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $20,293,000 supported by 115.9 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $2,941,700 from 1989. Of the request,
$8,515,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $11,777,300
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, an increase of
$992,400 and $1,949,300 respectively, and 4.0 total workyears.
CRITERIA. STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,463,600 supported by 70.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $5,325,600 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,138,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $468,200 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, a decrease of $50,700 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, and no change in total workyears.
During 1990, EPA's first priority will be development of the remaining
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs) specifically listed by
name in the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). Amendments. These include standards
for inorganic and organic chemicals, pesticides and radionuclides. Proceeding
from the 1989 proposals for these rules, the program will work to finalize
standards and support the legal defense of the filtration, lead and coliform
NPDWRs promulgated in 1989. Meanwhile, work begins on NPDWRs for disinfection
by-products and 25 or more contaminants from the 53 on the 1988 contaminant
regulatory list. Determining NPDWRs for disinfectant chemicals and their
reaction by-products will require a balance between the degree of protection
against pathogenic microorganisms and the goal of keeping exposure to chronic
health risks at a minimum. To achieve this balance the most precise and
thorough chemical, toxicological and engineering data base will need to be
assembled. Development of the accompanying technical criteria and guidance
manuals will be of particular importance, given the intricacy of the
prospective rules and their widespread applicability.
In addition, the National Survey of Pesticides in Drinking Water Wells
will be completed, providing valuable information about the extent of national
occurrence by a wide spectrum of pesticides in drinking water wells, both
public and private.
1989 Program
In 1989 the Agency is allocating a total of $12,046,100 supported by 70.0
total workyears for this program, of which $4,857,400 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,188,700 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
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The centerpiece of 1989 standard-setting activity is the promulgation of
NPDWRs to address lead and microbiological contaminants. The NPDWR for lead
includes Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for lead and another corrosion
product, copper, to limit their entry into the distribution system and a
treatment rule that addresses the distribution system itself. Treatment, in
the form of corrosion control to minimize leaching from plumbing materials, is
contingent upon the results of a rigorous monitoring regimen of systems'
outlets for lead, copper and acidity.
The risk of infectious disease is addressed by two rules, one a treatment
rule establishing requirements for surface source systems, the other a revision
of the interim coliform MCL, which prescribes routine monitoring by all Public
Water Systems (PWSs) for general microbiological contamination. Another
critical milestone is proposal of the remaining MCL Goals and NPDWRs specified
by the Amendments, including standards for radon and other radionuclides.
Standards for a number of pesticides now in use are also being developed.
Development of these standards is expected to be affected by the 1988
Amendments to the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA),
which provide for accelerated review of all registered pesticides on a very
stringent schedule. In 1989, this program is coordinating with the pesticides
program as it develops priority lists for these reviews.
Standards for contaminants listed in 1988 must await completion of the
statutory list of 83 contaminants. The program is continuing to assemble and
interpret data on actual or potential contaminant occurrence and health
effects in order to assure maximum risk-reduction. One important data source
is the National Survey of Pesticides in Drinking Water Wells, conducted jointly
by the drinking water and pesticides programs. Another activity involves
conducting selected toxicological studies for four to eight individual
contaminants to ascertain acute, chronic and subchronic adverse health effects.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated $16,406,100 supported by 116.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $7,149,500 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $9,256,600 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. In 1988, this program included both implementation
and standard setting activities that were divided beginning in 1989 between
Criteria, Standards and Guidelines and the new Drinking Water Implementation
program.
The Agency proposed a treatment technology NPDWR for surface source PWSs
and microbiological MCLs, both to combat waterborne pathogens. The Agency also
published a required list of contaminants that will be candidates for
regulation in 1991, including pesticides and other synthetic organic chemicals
and compounds created by disinfection processes of conventional water system
treatment. Accelerated development of a regulatory strategy to reduce
waterborne lead resulted in a proposed lead regulation including a lead MCL and
treatment technique. The NPDWR for fluoride became effective and the public
notification regulation was promulgated. Sampling and information collection
were conducted for the National Survey of Pesticides in Drinking Water Wells
and health advisories were prepared.
The program undertook mobilization and technology transfer activities such
as the National Drinking Water Hotline and disseminated public information
4-21
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materials. Numerous public events, meetings, and briefings were held,
including the first "National Drinking Water Week" and the release of special
public service announcements on lead in drinking water. Revisions to the
public notice requirements were promulgated. PWS program management and
oversight increased as a result of new standards and new provisions (variances
and exemptions) to enhance compliance. As technical issues developed with
implementation of the Underground Injection Control (UIC) program, EPA helped
to assure consistency through guidance and regulatory revisions.
Other activities included the promulgation of (1) eligibility
requirements for Indian tribal authorities to be granted primary enforcement
authority (primacy) for PWS and UIC regulations; (2) procedures for states to
revise their PWS primacy authority for new regulatory responsibilities; and (3)
revisions to UIC regulations specifying new monitoring requirements for Class I
wells.
DRINKING WATER IMPLEMENTATION
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,829,400 supported by 45.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,190,100 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,639,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $524,200 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $2,000,000 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 4.0 total
workyears. This increase represents additional program responsibilities as a
result of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments of 1986.
The Amendments mandate a new, comprehensive level of drinking water
protection for regulators and the entire regulated community of 200,000 public
water systems (PWSs). EPA and state programs must acquire a new style of
interaction with the regulated Community that includes marketing the new
requirements to get the absolute maximum voluntary compliance and a smooth
transition to a new, comprehensive regulatory framework.
Additional resources will be used to provide a strong lead for
mobilization and technology-transfer activities at Headquarters, to ensure the
effort will extend nationwide throughout all levels (states, localities,
individual systems and consumers). Not only will materials, publications, and
audiovisual presentations be developed for Regional and state use, but
Headquarters will also work with national organizations with grass-roots
support to maximize coverage. The drinking water and wastewater treatment
programs will work in concert to provide financing and technology information
and assistance to hard-pressed small communities, building on outreach,
demonstrations, and clearinghouse activities currently operating in each of
these two programs.
While mobilization is aimed at all the institutions concerned about safe
drinking water, instituting a new comprehensive level of drinking water
protection will depend mainly upon reaching and working with the vast number of
small community and non-transient systems. Additional resources will also be
used to provide for specific assistance to small community and non-transient
systems. Such assistance may include provision of "circuit riders" to assess
and work out particular problems in individual systems. Circuit riders, in
conjunction with an additional Regional presence, will provide assistance to
4-22
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the majority of the 38,000 small community and 20,000 non-transient
noncommunity systems. The other components of assistance include training,
certification, and customized outreach and technology-transfer activities. To
the maximum extent possible, the Agency will make use of existing
communication frameworks with rural communities, such as the U.S. Department of
Agriculture's Soil Conservation Service and Extension Service, to better reach
small systems.
While new ties are being established to the regulated community, there
will also be increased need to provide guidance, implementation aids and
briefing materials to our traditional clientele, EPA Regional offices and state
primacy agents, as we develop National Primary Drinking Water Regulations
(NPDWRs) in 1989 and 1990. In order to minimize the burden upon the regulated
community, the new regulatory framework emphasizes flexible
monitoring/reporting (M/R) requirements, state agency discretion and new
regulatory devices to bring state regulators into closer working relationship
with systems. Among the new tools states may use to reduce systems' routine
M/R burden are "vulnerability assessments" of ground-water source systems and
sanitary surveys.
In 1990, Underground Injection Control (UIC) program oversight will
emphasize the development and initial implementation of an effective and
flexible Class V injection control strategy. Reflecting the multiplicity of
injection practices (32 major types, ranging from shallow injection of
industrial wastes to sewage disposal to irrigation return wells), a
multifaceted regulatory strategy will be developed using diverse regulatory and
control tools to match the situation. Class V controls will likewise be
prescribed according to the potential risk to current and potential public
water supplies and other critical ground-water resources that these injections
pose. Possible controls could range in stringency from outright banning,
closure, permit, and/or enforcement actions via UIC authorities, to generic.
rules, outreach and informational activities to promote voluntary preventive
action. The "mainstream" UIC oversight and supervision program will begin to
absorb and integrate enhanced regulatory controls on Class I injection, the
deep-well injection of hazardous, industrial and municipal wastes, pursuant to
both the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and SDWA.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,305,200 supported by 41.9
total workyears for this program, of which $2,665,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,639,300 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In implementing a comprehensive framework of new drinking water standards
and regulations, priority attention will be targeted towards contaminants such
as pathogenic microorganisms, lead and radionuclides that occur widely and pose
particular health risks. New standards are being finalized or proposed for
each of these in 1989.
The Agency is pursuing an aggressive mobilization strategy during the
transition period from promulgation of these rules to their effective dates, in
order to achieve as much voluntary compliance as possible. In assuming this
task, the Agency is expanding the development and dissemination of information
and technical assistance. Meanwhile, this program maintains its ongoing risk
assessment and advisory role within the framework of a fully integrated Agency
effort. EPA is issuing two important PWS program revisions, one governing new
4-23
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state primacy authorities and the other, variances and exemptions. Also, the
first application by Indian tribal authorities is now being evaluated under the
1988 regulations for Indian PWS and UIC program primacy.
The UIC program is a comparatively new regulatory framework relative to
other Agency programs. Therefore, EPA and the states are both evaluating the
controls that have been imposed so far. The UIC regulations recognized the
need for mid-course evaluation of key control provisions, such as mechanical
integrity testing and M/R requirements, based on EPA/state experience. As EPA
and the states work through the permitting/review of existing Class II oil and
gas industry related wells, we are reviewing regulatory requirements and
revising procedures for more effective oversight of injection practices.
Another area of concern is the contamination potential of hundreds of thousands
of Class V injection wells. The Report to Congress on the contamination
potential of these wells revealed a serious potential for contamination of both
current and potential drinking water sources. EPA has embarked upon an
initiative to prevent contamination through a multifaceted regulatory and
outreach approach, consistent with the diversity and number of these practices.
1988 Accomplishments
No funds were obligated for this program in 1988. This is a new program
element in 1989 that resulted from a division of implementation activities from
standard setting activities, both of which were funded in the Criteria,
Standards and Guidelines program element in 1988.
4-24
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Public Water Systems
Supervision Program
Grants
Abatement Control and $33,424.4 $33,450.0 $33,450.0 $40,450.0 $7,000.0
Compliance
TOTAL $33,424.4 $33,450.0 $33,450.0 $40,450.0 $7,000.0
Underground Injection
Control Program Grants
Abatement Control and $11,322.8 $10,500.0 $10,500.0 $10,500.0
Compliance
TOTAL $11,322.8 $10,500.0 $10,500.0 $10,500.0
Special Studies &
Demonstrations
Abatement Control and $2,999.9 $3,000.0 $3,000.0 $1,000.0 -$2,000.0
Compliance
TOTAL $2,999.9 $3,000.0 $3,000.0 $1,000.0 -$2,000.0
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and $47,747.1 $46,950.0 $46,950.0 $51,950.0 $5,000.0
Compliance
Drinking Water State TOTAL $47,747.1 $46,950.0 $46,950.0 $51,950.0 $5,000.0
Program Resource
Assistance
4-25
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WATER
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $51,950,000 for 1990, an increase of
$5,000,000 from 1989. All of the request will be for the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS SUPERVISION PROGRAM GRANTS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $40,450,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $7,000,000. The increase reflects additional
program activities resulting from the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water
Act (SDWA) Amendments of 1986. EPA will continue to use a portion of its
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation for direct implementation
activities, including travel.
The Public Water System (PWS) Supervision program will emphasize the
simultaneous implementation of a comprehensive new regulatory framework by
primacy authorities and the current compliance/technical assistance program
which is .designed to maintain and improve the level of drinking water
protection. The strategy is to build upon maximum compliance with existing
standards and monitoring/reporting (M/R) requirements in order to make the
transition to a new, comprehensive level of protection as smooth as possible.
State grants will support the essential elements of state compliance and
technical assistance programs as the states oversee compliance with the
existing and first new standards for volatile organic contaminants (VOCs), a
particular threat to ground-water source systems. Compliance activities will
include the core data-management activity and the identification of, and
immediate follow-up to, violations. Primacy programs will pursue more involved
compliance and enforcement activities, implementing voluntary or formal
compliance schedules under a variety of administrative and legal mechanisms
such as negotiated settlements, administrative orders, citations, judicial
orders, and variances or exemptions. States will also conduct quarterly
reporting to EPA focusing on responses to significant noncompliance (SNC)
violations as well as a growing number of program-sanctioned "vulnerability
assessments" of ground-water systems, the basis on which states may relax
chemical M/R requirements.
Technical assistance activities will focus on prevention measures by
offering support to systems against "backsliding" into noncompliance, thereby
averting problems before they grow into noncompliance. Activities will include
reviews of planned system modifications; periodic sanitary surveys; licensing
and permitting requirements, where state programs mandate them; and operator
certification and training. Finally, case-by-case responses to the
contamination of water supplies and other emergency situations will continue.
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Programs will continue to maintain disease surveillance activities and liaison
with hazardous-substance release programs, investigating disease outbreaks and
assessing the need for alternative drinking water supplies.
In 1990, additional support to state programs is intended to help states
implement new requirements, specifically the upgrading of the legal and
administrative authority to enforce new National Primary Drinking Water
Regulations (NPDWRs) as they are promulgated. Beyond upgrading their primacy
authorities, state programs will have to institute a completely revamped
laboratory capability for the 83 chemical, radionuclide and microbiological
parameters established under new NPDWRs.
Additional support to state programs serves two other objectives. First,
the proposed increase is expected to "leverage" an even greater commitment from
state authorities, in the form of higher state program budgets, innovative
program funding and/or greater regulatory program productivity. The second
objective is to institute mobilization and technology-transfer activities at
the state level. An important element of this effort will be state-initiated
institutional innovations and compliance tools (and the state program resources
to implement them), such as rules to ensure that new systems are self
sufficient and measures to help existing systems find the means to become
self-sufficient (such as consolidation with viable systems, other cooperative
assistance, and/or creative financial assistance programs).
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $33,450,000 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The program supports 54 state primacy programs,, three EPA direct
implementation programs, and programs on Indian lands that together constitute
the nationwide protection program. The principal task in 1989 is to transform
the regulatory framework of the PWS Supervision program while minimizing an
increase in system noncompliance due to increased regulatory requirements.
EPA's strategy is to promote rapid state implementation of the new requirements
while supporting states as they build their capacity to implement a new,
comprehensive regulatory framework. Integral to this strategy is the need to
involve agencies and constituencies beyond EPA in improving understanding of,
and mobilizing support for, enhanced protection of drinking water. This will
be accomplished through technical assistance, training, information and support
to encourage institutional change. At the same time, states are vigorously
pursuing ongoing violations with the full range of administrative and
enforcement tools at their disposal. Consequently, states must both maintain
their current high level of administrative and enforcement actions and meet the
new challenges while addressing the noncompliance problems of small systems.
During 1989, new NPDWRs for VOCs become effective. All PWSs will be
responsible for meeting the maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) prescribed by
these new regulations, although small and very small systems have an extended
period to monitor for them.
Grant funds continue to be available to Indian tribal authorities who are
in the process of qualifying for PWS primary enforcement responsibility. EPA
will continue to use grant funds to support its direct implementation
responsibilities, including travel.
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1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $33,424,400 for this program,
all of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
States continued to supervise compliance with the NPDWRs, revised their
legal authorities to accommodate new HCLs, expanded state laboratory
certification capability, and provided assistance in monitoring for regulated
and unregulated contaminants. States continued their emphasis on system
compliance, using a combination of technical assistance and enforcement and
took action against violations of drinking water standards. States began
implementing other changes including 1) new public notification requirements;
2) authorities to issue new 1-year exemptions, attendant enforceable compliance
schedules and 3-year "extensions" to compliance deadlines; and 3) bans on
lead-content plumbing materials which, if not enforced, will result in up to a
5 percent withholding of the PWS state grant. In 1988, Indian tribal
authorities received assistance in determining eligibility for development
grants consistent with forthcoming Federal regulations.
The FWS grant funds continued to support the primacy programs of 54 states
and territories and EPA direct implementation program activities including
analytical services, sanitary surveys, training, disease surveillance, on-site
technical activities, and data management.
UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM GRANTS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,50.0,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. This
represents no change from 1989. These funds will support programs to protect
underground sources of drinking water (USDW) from contamination through
underground injection in all 57 states and Territories, as well as on Indian
lands.
In 1990, EPA will begin implementing the Class V strategy and propose
regulations designed to control high risk well categories identified by such
characteristics as contamination potential to Public Water Supplies (PWSs),
well construction and the nature and volume of the injection fluid. Initial
regulations will focus on Class V wells, such as automobile service station
wells and industrial drainage wells, which have been determined to require
further control through permitting, closure, or cleanup. A one million dollar
set-aside will be used to fund Class V demonstration projects and will provide
critical information needed to support regulation development and best
management procedures.
Permitting, which enables states (or EPA) to apply the general Underground
Injection Control (UIC) requirements to site-specific conditions, will continue
with new Class I wells, the repermitting of hazardous waste Class I wells, new
Class II wells and selected Class V wells. EPA and state programs will, as
appropriate, revise existing UIC regulations for Class II wells based on the
1988 and 1989 mid-course evaluations, which focused on plugging and abandonment
procedures, mechanical integrity testing and construction requirements.. EPA
and the states will continue Class II compliance evaluations as the remaining
states complete their first five-year cycle of Class II file reviews. In
addition to the permitting responsibilities, EPA and the states will also
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witness mechanical integrity tests, inspect and review plugged and abandoned
wells, review well records, and track compliance with regulatory requirements
and permit conditions.
When necessary, administrative orders (AOs) and/or legal actions will be
initiated by state programs against owners/operators that significantly violate
UIC regulatory requirements. This will include preparing public notification
of violation and intent to issue AOs, and conducting public hearings.
The grant funds will also support technical assistance to operators,
maintenance of inventory data, and regulatory changes to accommodate new EPA
requirements and guidelines. The Agency will provide grants to Indian tribes
working towards primacy, and will continue to implement the program on Indian
lands and in non-primacy states. The Agency may use a portion of the grant
funds for travel related to direct implementation activities.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,500,000 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
These funds support 35 full and 5 partial primacy programs to protect
USDW from contamination through underground injection. EPA uses grant funds
allotted to 17 full non-primacy and 5 partial non-primacy states and Indian
lands to support direct implementation activities. The top priority for EPA
and the states continues to be permitting of new Class II wells and
repermitting of hazardous waste Class I wells. Under existing regulations, EPA
is increasing efforts to bring enforcement and/or regulatory action against
Class V wells which endanger USDW by targeting vulnerable areas and high risk
Class V wells. EPA is revising the Class V regulatory strategy and developing
the Class V well demonstration initiative.
Grant funds also support surveillance and compliance activities. The
programs' primary means of surveillance is through field inspections and the
review of reports submitted by operators. This requires the program to
maintain an effective verification effort to ensure the credibility of
operators' data. The demonstration of an absence of leaks through mechanical
integrity testing is also an important element of compliance. Where
violations are evident, appropriate enforcement action is being initiated.
States will emphasize compliance with permit conditions by increasing
inspections, mechanical integrity tests (MIT) and surveillance activities.
During 1989, Indian Tribes that are eligible to assume primacy may apply
for grants to establish a UIC program. This includes conducting an inventory
to determine the number and types of wells to be regulated and establishing the
framework for the permitting and enforcement programs.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $11,322,800 for this program,
all of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Grant funds supported 33 full and 6 partial programs. EPA implemented 24
Federal programs supported in part by the grant funds. The states and EPA
completed 8,596 permit determinations for new and existing wells and conducted
evaluations to determine if permit requirements were being met. In addition,
mechanical integrity tests were conducted to ensure the integrity of the wells.
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The states and EPA also focused on compliance activities by increasing field
inspections and initiating enforcement actions. As a result of a special
set-aside in the grants, the states increased their activities relating to
Class 1 and 11 wells.
Other activities included the review of monitoring reports, maintenance
of inventory data, and the initiation of an EPA Headquarters Class V well
regulatory strategy to control targeted, high-risk injection practices into
USDW, particularly those threatening PWSs.
SPECIAL STUDIES AND DEMONSTRATIONS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,000,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents a decrease of $2,000,000 from 1989. This decrease represents the
Agency's belief that the state affiliates should be able to provide additional
funding through their organizational dues and training fees.
This program supports rural water training and technical assistance
through the National Rural Water Association (NRWA) and its 35 independent,
nonprofit State Rural Water Associations covering 36 states. "Grassroots"
training and technical assistance is provided to owners and operators of rural
water systems to help achieve and maintain compliance with the Safe Drinking
Water Act (SDWA) Amendments. Owner/operator training which enhances the
delivery of clean, safe drinking water by rural water systems addresses the
operation and maintenance of small water systems and wells, monitoring and!
reporting, record keeping, water .regulations, rates, systems management and
distribution and disinfection procedures.
EPA will also provide funds to Rural Community Association Projects
(RCAPs) which complement the NRWA by assisting small public water systems to
improve their management capabilities, long term planning, rate structures,
financial management and SDWA compliance. By conducting site visits to these
systems, RCAP determines technical assistance needs and develops educational
programs to improve compliance.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,000,000 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
EPA is funding 35 independent, nonprofit state associations covering 36
states through agreements with the NRWA. These resources support technical
assistance to rural water systems in such areas as operations, maintenance,
finance and management to promote compliance with the national drinking water
standards. To be eligible for a grant, state Rural Water Associations must
provide direct training and technical seminars to small system owner/operators
and provide certificate training in cooperation with state primacy programs.
In 1989, EPA is funding the six RCAPs to assist small public water systems
in meeting the SDWA Amendments by improving the management capabilities, rate
structures and financial management of these small water systems. Through site
visits to rural systems, RCAP personnel determine technical assistance needs
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and develop appropriate educational programs to achieve the goal of improved
compliance.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $2,999,900 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The technical assistance and training program conducted by the NRWA and
its 32 affiliates included 360 informational seminars for operators and
decision makers, 119 technical training sessions, 33 jointly sponsored
specialized training sessions with other state and Federal agencies, and 36
problem solving sessions. The NRWA affiliates made 8,282 technical assistance
visits during this period to address individual rural water system problems
with compliance, operations and maintenance, finance and management. In
addition, the NRWA helped the Agency to implement the Mobile Home Park (MHP)
pilot project in the State of Texas by providing technical assistance and
guidance to MHP owners/ operators.
In 1988, EPA supported six RCAP grants designed to improve the management
capabilities and financial management of small public water systems. These
funds provided management and financial training and assistance to 60 small
systems covering 13 states. RCAP projects included an assistance program to
help small systems apply for loans and grants, a Resource Clearinghouse project
to compile all available funds within a state into a manual for small systems,
and the development of training information and manuals for small water
systems.
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Management
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Public Water Systems
Supervision Program
Assistance
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Underground Injection
Control Program
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
$5,124.9
$10.0
$5,134.9
$5.783.2
$5,783.2
$5,128.7
$10.0
$5,138.7
$5,721.8
$5,721.8
$5,106.2
$10.0
$5,116.2
$5,702.1
$5,702.1
$5,939.6
$10.0
$5,949.6
$6,083.9
$6,083.9
$833.4
$833.4
$381.8
$381.8
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Drinking Water
Management
$10,908.1 $10,850.5 $10,808.3 $12,023.5 $1,215.2
$10.0 $10.0 $10.0 $10.0
TOTAL $10,918.1 $10,860.5 $10,818.3 $12,033.5 $1,215.2
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Public Water Systems
Supervision Program
Assistance
111.9
114.9
114.2
135.3
21.1
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Management
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
Underground Injection
Control Program
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
138.8
250.7
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
138.2 137.8 145.2
253.1
252.0
280.5
7.4
28.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Public Water Systems
Supervision Program
Assistance
Underground Injection
Control Program
TQTAL WORKYEARS
123.7
154.4
278.1
124.0
145.8
269.8
123.3
145.2
268.5
135.3
145.2
280.5
12.0
12.0
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WATER
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,033,500 supported by 280.5 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $1,215,200 and 12.0 workyears from 1989. Of
the request, $12,023,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $10,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, an
increase of $1,215,200 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 12.0
workyears.
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS SUPERVISION PROGRAM ASSISTANCE
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,949,600 supported by 135.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $5,939,600 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $833,400 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, no change to the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 12.0 total workyears. The
increase in Salaries and Expenses and workyears will ensure the successful
delegation of new regulatory requirements to the states. EPA's biggest
priority is to work with the states so that they accept primacy for the new
regulations, implement the new program requirements, and enforce existing
standards.
EPA will use additional resources to increase emphasis on the development
of a nationwide mobilization framework as well as a delivery system for
technology transfer. Regional resources will be used to establish the
essential link between the national and state levels, actively encouraging the
states to take on the new role of "marketing" the new requirements across the
entire regulated community and of taking an active hand in systems' efforts to
establish self-sufficient revenues to implement the new, mandated level of
protection. The Regions will disseminate materials and develop their own
customized materials, as appropriate; conduct seminars; and carry out
videotaping and teleconferencing sessions with an eye towards maximum
"leverage" through the use of third parties that will generate further
local-level contacts.
The Regions will use additional resources to institute a program to reach
and work with small community and non-transient systems, supported by
extramural funding provided at Headquarters. Assistance will extend to
demonstration projects with regard to analytic methods, treatment and storage,
and source assessment and protection. A key component will be to improve the
interaction between vendors of package plants designed for small systems and
the systems themselves, since small systems are least likely to be adept with
state-of-the-art technologies.
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In the meantime, the Regions will also use increased resources to expand
their assistance to states in two areas: 1) adoption and execution of the lead
and surface water treatment rule (SWTR) authorities, and 2) response to a
growing number of issues arising from case-by-case implementation of the
microbiological monitoring/reporting (M/R) and volatile organic contaminant
(VOC) requirements. Implementation of the two new rules, the changes in
routine microbiological monitoring, and the first new standards for
ground-water contaminants, the VOCs, will generate unavoidable demands for EPA
involvement and technical assistance, particularly for the new procedures and
responses to specific contamination incidents. Key examples are the lead and
SWTR requirements, which stand to impact the very largest systems to a greater
extent than the other rules. These systems, which may extend interstate, are
bound to involve EPA as well as state authorities.
The Regions will supervise states' expansion of laboratory certification
programs to encompass the full range of regulated and unregulated toxic
chemicals, radionuclides, pesticides, and microbiological parameters. Where
the Regions have direct implementation responsibility, they must take on the
states' expanded duties directly. In most cases, this involves jurisdiction
over Indian water supplies. The Regions must both supervise implementation of
new requirements for these systems and work with Indian tribal authorities and
other jurisdictions without primacy to develop supervision programs of their
own. Finally, the Regions will be managing a sharp increase in compliance data
reported by the states and continuing to maintain the emphasis on eliminating
significant noncompliance inventories.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,116,200 supported by 123.3
total workyears for this program, of which $5,106,200 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,000 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The preeminent task in 1989 is to transform the state regulatory framework
of the Public Water System (PWS) Supervision program, while minimizing any
increase in system noncompliance caused by regulatory requirements. EPA's
strategy is to promote timely state implementation of the succession of new
requirements and to support states as they build their capacity to implement
the new requirements. New activities range from disseminating the new
requirements for protecting drinking water supplies, to making consumers and
the regulated community more aware of the health risks and the need to increase
monitoring, operator training and treatment efforts.
To get the best possible start on assuring compliance with the numerous
new and revised standards that will become effective, EPA and the states must
ensure maximum compliance with existing requirements. To this end, Regions are
negotiating with primacy states to obtain annual compliance targets and working
with the states to maintain vigilant monitoring of systems' compliance and
prompt, thorough response to violations. In non-primacy jurisdictions the
Regions are tracking systems' compliance status, notifying them of violations
and laying the groundwork for any necessary enforcement actions.
During 1989, new National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs) for
VOCs require all PWSs to be responsible for meeting the Maximum Contaminant
Levels (MCLs) if and when unsafe levels are found. In addition, the Regions
are to supervise state adoption of critical new regulatory requirements
promulgated during 1989 which consist of a Microbiological MCL, a NPDWR for
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lead and corrosion control, and a NPDWR specifying treatment technology and
performance for surface source PWSs. These requirements are of particular
importance by virtue of the widespread occurrence of lead contamination in
drinking. water and the particular vulnerability of surface source systems to
pathogenic microorganisms such as Giardia and viruses.
Pursuant to the new authorities making Indian tribes eligible to assume
primacy for PWS Supervision responsibilities, the Regions are assisting tribal
authorities to develop primacy prerequisites and make the necessary
applications. The Regions then review and resolve such applications with
Headquarters.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $5,134,900 supported by 123.7
total workyears for this program, of which $5,124,900 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,000 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
During 1988, the Regions supervised state adoption of several additional
statutory requirements designed to extend public health protection by
addressing specific chemical contaminants. The fluoride rule became effective
and implementation of the VOC NPDWRs continued as additional categories of
community and non-transient systems undertook monitoring according to the
staggered schedule within the rule. Regions worked with primacy states to
incorporate regulatory and monitoring requirements needed to enforce these and
other forthcoming standards and helped states with new analytical techniques to
meet additional laboratory certification requirements.
In promoting further gains in compliance with existing regulatory
requirements, the Regions continued to support states in emphasizing
elimination of all violations of the NPDWRs, using the full range of available
tools and escalating actions as needed. Pursuant to the Agency's guidance, the
Regions negotiated quarterly compliance targets with the states for the
reduction of "significant noncompliance" with microbiological, turbidity andf
chemical MCL requirements. The program continued to track state compliance
monitoring to find and help with problem systems and respond to contamination
of supplies and waterborne disease outbreaks. Ongoing assistance in response
to contamination incidents and all other oversight, evaluation and management
tasks continued.
UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,083,900 supported by 145.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $381,800 and no change in total
workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel
and support costs.
In 1990, EPA will continue to implement programs in 21 non-primacy States
(17 full and 4 partial) and on Indian lands which do not have primacy. Direct
implementation activities will include continuing to make permit determinations
as well as ensuring adherence to permit conditions and other regulatory
requirements. A key objective will be to ensure more effective compliance and
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enforcement through greater emphasis on field inspections and surveillance.
The Agency expects to complete its five-year schedule for permitting Class II
wells and continue general program management of contracts and grants for
program implementation activities, data management, and permit tracking.
EPA will be responsible for oversight of 36 full and 4 partial primacy
programs, with South Dakota expected to receive delegation under SDWA Section
1422. EPA will provide technical assistance to primacy states, evaluate state
efforts in implementing their programs, and ensure that the programs continue
to meet the minimum regulatory requirements. The Agency will continue to
review state permits to ensure that the permit conditions are properly
enforced. Other oversight activities will include reviewing state
noncompliance reports, compiling annual report data, preparing state-specific
guidance documents and administering the Underground Injection Control (UIC)
state grant program.
Regions will assist states in implementing an effective and flexible
Class V well control strategy designed to match the potential risk these
injection practices pose to current and potential public water supplies and
other critical ground-water resources. Possible controls could range in
stringency from outright banning, closure, permit, and/or enforcement actions
via UIC authorities. Regions will advise states to initially address high-risk
Class V wells (e.g., automobile service station wells and industrial drainage
wells), defined according to their intrinsic threat to underground sources of
drinking water (USDW). Using updated Class V inventory data, the Regions will
continue to search for Class IV wells and initiate Immediate closure. As the
high risk wells are addressed, the Agency will develop mechanisms to handle the
residual risk associated with the other categories of Class V wells.
Regions will review applications from Indian tribes and determine whether
they meet requirements for treatment as a state and also determine their
eligibility for primacy. For those Indian tribes applying for primacy, the
Agency will review applications and provide guidance and grant assistance. The
Regions will continue to implement requirements for Class I injection wells as
required under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) and subsequent regulatory
controls on deep-well injection of hazardous, industrial and municipal waste in
direct implementation states, and monitor the requirements addressed by
primacy states.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,702,100 supported by 145.2
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation.
The Agency continues to implement Federal programs in 22 non-primacy
states (17 full and 5 partial) and on Indian lands. Regions are negotiating
state grant workplans and agreements to ensure that states carry out
quantifiable Class V activities, such as inspections and permitting. This work
is designed to support the Agency in developing a regulatory strategy designed
to protect underground sources of drinking water from high-risk Class V wells
identified by such factors as proximity to PWSs, well construction, and the
nature and volume of the injection fluid.
EPA is providing oversight and technical assistance to 35 full and 5
partial primacy programs. Mississippi is expected to receive delegation under
SDWA Section 1425 and Nevada under SDWA Sections 1422 and 1425. EPA evaluates
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state efforts to implement their programs, to ensure that minimum regulatory
requirements are met. The Agency reviews state permits to ensure that they are
issued in accordance with approved state programs and that permit conditions
are properly enforced.
Following the mid-course evaluations, Regions are developing
state-specific compliance evaluation programs for each state and Federal
program as it completes the first five-year cycle of Class II file reviews.
Regions continue to emphasize permit determinations and are responsible for
ensuring compliance with the permit requirements by conducting on-site
inspections and witnessing and reviewing mechanical integrity tests. Other
activities include the development of site-specific guidance, maintaining
inventory data, and preparing annual reports.
Regions are implementing ambient monitoring requirements for Class I
injection wells, as required under the SDWA Amendments of 1986, in direct
implementation states. This work also includes the review of requirements
addressed in primacy states. The Regions are providing assistance to Indian
tribes who are working toward assuming primacy.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $5,783,200 supported by 154.4
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation.
The Agency implemented Federal programs in 24 states and on Indian lands.
Direct implementation activities focused on making permit determinations as
well as ensuring adherence to permit conditions and other regulatory
requirements.
Regional activities in primacy states included general oversight and
technical assistance through the issuance of guidance documents or on-site
assistance. Through quarterly reporting data, the Regions reviewed the states*
progress and took the necessary actions to ensure proper enforcement.
During 1988, the EPA began conducting mid-course evaluations of key
control provisions based on Region/state experience with regulating existing
Class II oil and gas wells. Regions reviewed and revised Class V well
inventories and assisted the states in identifying and taking enforcement
action against subcategories of high risk, Class V and/or Class IV wells.
Regions also provided assistance to Indian tribes working towards assuming
primacy as authorized by the SDWA Amendments.
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PROGRAM
DRINKING WATER
Ground-Water Protection
ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Ground-Water Protection
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$3,475.8
$2,886.4
$3,821.9
$4,000.0
$3,827.7
$3,890.8
$4,442.0
$3,390.8
TOTAL $6,362.2 $7,821.9 $7,718.5 $7,832.8
$614.3
-$500.0
$114.3
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Ground-Water
Protection
$3,475.8 $3,821.9 $3,827.7 $4,442.0 $614.3
$2,886.4 $4,000.0 $3,890.8 $3,390.8 -$500.0
TOTAL $6,362.2 $7,821.9 $7,718.5 $7,832.8 $114.3
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Ground-Water Protection
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
68.4
68.4
79.1
79.1
79.0
79.0
90.8
90.8
11.8
11.8
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Ground-Water Protection
TOTAL WORKYEARS
76.2
76.2
80.9
80.9
80.8
80.8
90.8
90.8
10.0
10.0
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WATER
DRINKING WATER
Ground-Water Protection
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,832,800 supported by 90.8 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $114,300 and 10.0 total workyears over 1989.
Of the request, $4,442,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $3,390,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, an increase of $614,300 and a decrease of $500,000 respectively.
GROUND-WATER PROTECTION
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,832,800 supported by 90.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,442,000 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,390,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $614,300 and a
decrease of $500,000, respectively, and an increase of 10.0 total workyears.
The increase in Salaries and Expenses and workyears reflects the need for
additional personnel to assist states in the development and implementation of
comprehensive ground-water protection programs. The decrease in Abatement,
Control and Compliance reflects the expected completion of a Congressionally
mandated study on point and nonpoint source pollution in the Spokane-Rathdrum
Valley Aquifer.
For 1990, EPA will issue guidance to the states on the refinement and
implementation of their ground-water protection strategies. Additional
resources will support the Agency's efforts to assist states in developing and
carrying out approaches that address the full range of actual/potential sources
of contamination to their ground-water resources. Working with the Agency's
pesticides program, the ground-water protection program will issue guidance to
assist state water agencies in developing hydrologic aspects of pesticides
management plans which provide for protection methods tailored to area-specific
differences in ground-water use, value and vulnerability -- a key feature of
the Agency's Agricultural Chemicals in Ground-Water Strategy. The Agency will
further assist states in the development of pesticides management plans by
conducting workshops and seminars on the appropriate options for preventing
pesticide contamination of ground-water.
In 1990, EPA will promote wellhead protection efforts by encouraging
states to incorporate wellhead protection programs into their ground-water
protection strategies. The use of wellhead protection as a central feature of
EPA ground-water protection activities will promote consistency in policy among
EPA programs and provide a more focused approach at state and local levels.
The Agency will continue to assist states in the delineation of wellhead
protection areas (WHPAs) and to enhance State capacity to both address specific
sources of contamination and develop appropriate risk management strategies.
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The Agency will continue its efforts to ensure that relevant data
collected by or on behalf of EPA is compatible, comparable and readily
accessible to state, local and Federal managers. Specific activities will
include the development of methods for translating new and historical
ground-water data into an automated form and the continuation of enhancements
to STORET and other EPA data bases. EPA will expand the field of ground-water
data collection to provide for both the establishment of standard
identification of key facilities and the digitalization of selected baseline
data, particularly for public water wells. The Agency will enhance and promote
the use of geographic information systems, particularly in identifying the most
critical sources of contamination in WHPAs, and will provide workshops and
seminars for state and local officials on the use of these data management
tools for ground-water protection.
EPA will also continue to both review and make Sole Source Aquifer (SSA)
designations according to the formal process established in 1987 and review
projects supported by Federal funds on or near a designated SSA.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,718,500 supported by 80.8
total workyears for this program, of which $3,827,700 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,890,800 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
During 1989, the Agency continues to support, through technical and
financial assistance, states' activities in developing and adopting
ground-water protection strategies. The Agency is completing an assessment to
summarize and evaluate the ground-water protection efforts being carried out by
the states and the extent of progress being made nationally to achieve
ground-water protection through state efforts. The findings are being
presented at an EPA/state forum which will address the states' current capacity
to undertake protection programs, particularly in the states' pesticide
management plans, which are required by EPA's proposed Agricultural Chemicals
in Ground-Water Strategy.
The Agency is continuing to assist states in the development of wellhead
protection (WHP) programs, to mitigate the effects of actual and potential
sources of contamination on ground waters which flow into public water systems.
Assistance to states continues to include technical guidance on the delineation
of WHPAs and on identifying and inventorying contamination sources, as well as
providing technical information on methods for protecting the land area around
public water wells from a wide variety of sources of contamination. In
particular, EPA has developed a simple personal computer model for delineating
WHPAs which can easily be used by local managers. EPA is conducting training
for selected state and local officials on the delineation methodology, the use
of the computer models, and various protection approaches. In addition, the
Agency is reviewing and approving WHP programs submitted by the states in
accordance with the June 1989 statutory requirements. The Agency expects at
least 17 states to submit their programs for review by that date.
EPA will continue working to incorporate the ground-water evaluation
(classification) guidelines into relevant EPA programs for use in decision
making and to assist states in the development and application of their own
classification systems.
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In 1989, the Agency is taking major steps to make ground-water data
collected by EPA programs more assessable and usable by states and localities,
as well as other Federal programs, by requiring that all programs collect a
minimum set of data elements when monitoring ground water. EPA is also making
the STORE! system more user-friendly by providing access through personal
computers. Efforts are being made to help small community managers make use of
existing data sources for their ground-water management purposes.
EPA manages the SSA program by responding to petitions for SSA designation
and by reviewing projects financially assisted by the Federal government which
may contaminate the designated aquifer.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $6,362,200 supported by 76.2
total workyears for this program, of which $3,475,800 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,886,400 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
During 1988, EPA provided technical and financial assistance to the states
for the development and implementation of state strategies and action plans for
overall ground-water protection efforts. The Agency sponsored a comprehensive
assessment of the status of the states' ground-water protection strategies to
ascertain how far the states have progressed in their strategies, what
problems/issues they have encountered, and the extent to which comprehensive
programs are in place or underway.
Also in 1988, EPA's ground-water protection program was actively involved
with other Agency programs in the development and review of state nonpoint
source assessments and management plans, as well as the provision of technical
support to the hazardous waste and cleanup decision processes on hydrogeologic
issues.
The Agency promoted the application of a differential protection approach
to protecting ground-water resources in order to give priority to those
resources which serve as drinking water supplies. Further, the Agency
provided states and localities with state-of-the-art knowledge and technical
approaches to the protection of wellhead areas contiguous to public water
wells. The Agency developed and published technical assistance documents on
such WHP issues as contingency planning for alternative sources of water
supplies, assessing and managing risks in WHPAs, identifying and controlling
for sources of contaminants in WHPAs, and identifying local sources of funding
for ground-water protection. In addition, the Agency sponsored training
sessions for Regional, state and local officials on the various models which
may be used to delineate WHPAs.
In 1988, the Agency developed a minimum set of data elements for all
Agency programs which collect ground-water data. These common data standards
will greatly increase the utility by all programs of data collected for other
purposes, greatly expanding the availability of usable data.
The Agency designated additional SSAs in 1988. The number of designated
aquifers increased to a total of 48 nationwide by the end of the year.
Because of this increase, EPA also reviewed a greater number of Federal
financially-assisted projects within SSA boundaries as required by the Safe
Drinking Water Act.
4-42
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Finally, as directed by Congress, and in conjunction with appropriate
state and local agencies, EPA initiated a study to identify point and nonpoint
sources of contamination and appropriate control measures for the
Spokane-Rathdrum Valley Aquifer in the Northwest.
4-43
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Enforcement
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
DRINKING WATER 4-1
ENFORCEMENT
Drinking Water Enforcement 4-44
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Enforcement
ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Drinking Water
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
$3,157.9 $3,458.5 $3,434.9 $3,596.4 $161.5
$3,157.9 $3,458.5 $3,434.9 $3,596.4 $161.5
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Drinking Water
Enforcement
$3,157.9 $3,458.5 $3,434.9 $3,596.4 $161.5
TOTAL $3,157.9 $3,458.5 $3,434.9 $3,596.4 . $161.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Drinking Water
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
75.1
75.1
83.8
83.8
83.7
83.7
90.0
90.0
6.3
6.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Drinking Water
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS
80.4
80.4
90.5
90.5
90.0
90.0
90.0
90.0
4-44
-------
WATER
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,596,400 supported by 90.0 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $161,500 from 1989. All of the request will
be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
DRINKING WATER ENFORCEMENT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,596,400 supported by 90.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $161,500 and no change in total
workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel
and support costs.
Compliance priorities for the Public Water Systems (PWSs) will continue to
focus on the reduction of all existing violations of the National Primary
Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs). The first priority will be the
elimination of all significant non-compliers (SNCs) of. these regulations.
Enforcement will be targeted mainly at the existing SNC universe; however, all
violations are at risk of enforcement action. The second priority will involve
developing an effective risk-based enforcement scheme to ensure that the newly
completed NPDWRs required under SDWA for chemical, radionuclide, and
microbiological contaminants and the treatment technology rule for surface
source systems are properly enforced. The lead and surface water treatment
rules are particularly complex with respect to enforcement, involving
negotiated compliance agreements and specific compliance schedules. With the
lead and coliform rules potentially affecting every PWS, the potential for
noncompliance greatly increases.
Headquarters will provide guidance and assistance to the Regions in
enforcing the additional program requirements and targeting enforcement actions
to eliminate the contaminant problems, especially where high-risk contaminant
violations occur. A key element in the transition to an expanded regulatory
framework is the continued reduction of existing noncompliance under interim
maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) to the greatest possible extent, using
notices of violation and administrative enforcement orders (AOs) against
noncomplying systems. Regions will also provide assistance to a state primary
enforcement authority in issuing an AO or taking other appropriate enforcement
action.
Enforcement activities against high-risk Class V wells that threaten
underground sources of drinking water will be melded into a comprehensive but
flexible Class V control program. Class I wells (waste disposal injections)
will require attention in 1990 because of the continuing need to issue and
reissue permits based on the new monitoring regulation. Failure to apply for a
4-45
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permit, test for well mechanical integrity, or provide monitoring reports will
result in Regional enforcement actions. In addition, the program will continue
to oversee the progress of civil enforcement cases including review of Regional
enforcement referral documents and case files, and monitoring the progress of
cases at the Department of Justice (DOJ) to ensure resolution after referral.
The program will provide support for cases prepared by Regional Counsels and
coordinate with other offices to present accurate and verifiable compliance
information when necessary. Regions will ensure that states take appropriate
action to bring SNCs into compliance, in order to avoid Regional enforcement
actions against violators.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,434,900 supported by 90.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation.
To get the best possible start on assuring compliance with the multitude
of new and revised standards coming into effect, EPA must assure maximum
compliance with the existing requirements. Regions continue to issue AOs
against violators of PWS and Underground Injection Control (UIC) program
requirements in order to achieve compliance with regulations and standards set
by the Agency. While SNCs are the first enforcement priority, all violations
are at risk of enforcement action. The Regional offices are concentrating on
reducing the rate of noncompliance by drawing on their past experience to
initiate enforcement actions quickly and appropriately and utilizing their
resources in the most efficient way possible. In the event state action has
failed to remedy a violation, EPA may issue administrative orders or initiate
court action.
EPA is building upon the microbiological/turbidity violations identified
as SNC by adding those systems which have failed to monitor or have
contamination levels that are an unreasonable risk to health for inorganic,.
radionuclide and pesticide chemicals. Violations of new standards (e.g..,
volatile organic contaminants) are being incorporated according to the general
framework of the SNC definition and pursued as appropriate.
EPA is implementing the new AO compliance tracking system, which was
designed to provide managers with information on the status of AOs and the
actions taken to return violators to compliance. The Regions are involved in
assisting Regional Counsels with documentation concerning violations which
require new and more stringent enforcement actions and participating in
activities related to civil enforcement referral to the DOJ.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $3,157,900 supported by 80.4
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation.
For the 12 months ending March 31, 1988, less than two percent of
community water systems were in SNC with microbiological or turbidity MCLs
and/or monitoring and reporting (M/R) requirements and/or total trihalomethane
M/R requirements. Approximately twenty-five percent of community water systems
reported some violations; three-fourths of these involved failure to properly
monitor and report results only, and nearly half of these M/R violations were
first-time failures, corrected in the next monthly compliance interval. The
4-46
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remaining seventy-five percent of community water systems were in full
compliance.
1988 marked the second year of the timely and appropriate determinations
for states. The provisions of this initiative set out a time frame and several
enforcement actions which states should use to promote compliance among the
water systems within their jurisdictions. Appropriate actions for SNCs are
defined in four categories: 1) state issuance of an Administrative Order, 2)
referral to State Attorney. General, 3) filing of & criminal case, or 4)
establishing a bilateral agreement between the state and the violator which
includes a compliance schedule. Through the third quarter of 1988, 54.3
percent of the SNCs identified had been resolved in a timely and appropriate
manner.
1988 was the first full year for the issuance of Federal AOs for UIC
violations. The Regions issued 68 proposed and 93 final UIC AOs for a total of
161 actions. This is an increase of nearly 68 percent from the 109 issued in
1987. The greatest improvement came in the number of final AOs issued. Final
UIC AOs increased by more than 500 percent over 1987. During 1988, the PWS
program issued 161 enforcement actions against violators.
4-47
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5. HAZARDOUS
WASTE
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
HAZARDOUS WASTE 5-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Waste Research 5-7
Scientific Assessment 5-12
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 5-13
Health Effects . . . 5-15
Environmental Engineering and Technology 5-15
Environmental Processes and Effects 5-17
Integrated Hazardous Waste Research. . . 5-18
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines and Policies 5-20
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Hazardous Waste 5-22
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Air and Radiation .... 5-24
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Water 5-25
Regulations, Guidelines & Policies - Underground Storage Tanks . 5-27
Financial Assistance 5-30
Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance to States. ... 5-31
Underground Storage Tanks State Grants . . . , 5-33
Waste Management Strategies Implementation 5-34
Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation. 5-35
Emergency Planning/Community Right-to-know - Title III 5-37
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Waste Enforcement 5-41
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
Scientific Activities
Overseas
TOTAL, Hazardous Waste
$71,048.0 $74,305.7 $73,984.6 $78,659.3 $4,674.7
$155,584.6 $161,193.8 $159,692.7 $166,698.4 $7,005.7
$29,801.2 $31,559.9 $31,095.5 $28,345.6 -$2,749.9
$5.1
$256,438.9 $267,059.4 $264,772.8 $273,703.3 $8,930.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
1,368.4 1,441.7 1,427.7 1,489.0 61.3
1,460.9 1,505.0 1,491.0 1,489.0 . -2.0
$258,469.6 $250,186.5 $248,053.2 $270,319.6 $22,266.4
The Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984 reauth-
orized this program at a level of $249,529,000 for 1988.
The Solid Waste Disposal Act as amended expired on
November 8, 1988. Reauthorization is pending.
NOTE: 1988 Actual does not include $250.3 discussed in Community Right To Know.
included in the Superfund media total for 1988.
It is
5-1
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), as revised by the
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1984, provides the legislative
mandate for a nationwide program to manage hazardous wastes from generation
through disposal.
A significant portion of the waste universe is not yet adequately
characterized or regulated, and many facilities still must comply with
regulatory standards. In addition, environmental contamination at many
facilities, including closed facilities, must be addressed through corrective
action requirements and permitting authorities. Due to HSWA, small quantity
generators and underground storage tank (UST) owners and operators have become
regulated. Finally, the identification and reporting of hazardous chemicals in
communities, regulated by Title III of the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA), requires state and local governments to
develop plans to protect the public in the event of a chemical accident.
To address these problems, the Agency has developed a strategy that
encompasses nine major objectives. These are to: (1) increase state program
capability; (2) increase the state role in the compliance monitoring and
enforcement program; (3) increase corrective action efforts by supporting
states in their corrective action endeavors; (4) maintain a strong permitting
program; (5) develop new and significantly improve existing regulations; (6)
address solid waste issues; (7) develop and implement a regulatory program for
underground storage tanks; (8) enhance the development and implementation of
the Title III program; and (9) conduct research and development to support the
regulatory programs.
Increase State Program Capability
Effective management of hazardous wastes is dependent on a strong
Federal/state partnership. The Agency will assist the states in upgrading
their program capabilities to meet new and modified Federal standards. The
Agency will continue to support the states by providing direct program
assistance, training, guidance, and financial support. The Agency and the
states will continue to operate within the National Criteria, which defines the
key factors and performance expectations for managing and evaluating the RCRA
program.
States will continue to develop legislation and regulations to incorporate
HSWA provisions into their programs. The Agency and the states will jointly
examine existing state authorities to determine what changes are needed.
Fifty states are expected to be authorized for the RCRA base program by the
end of 1990, and a substantial number of these will have received authori-
zation to implement various portions of HSWA.
Increased attention will be given to implementing the RCRA Information
System to enable the Regions and states to monitor facility progress as well as
national trends. This improved data collection system will provide the basis
for evaluation of the effectiveness of waste management regulations and
development of regulatory improvements.
5-2
-------
Increase State Role In Compliance Monitoring and Enforcement Program
With the proven capability of the states to perform inspections and
follow-up enforcement, the Agency will shift responsibility for Federal and
local facility inspections and enforcement to the states. With this shift, the
states will have assumed the lead in all mandated inspection and enforcement
efforts. Land disposal facilities, treatment and storage facilities, and a
significant percentage of large quantity generators and transporters will be
state-inspected. Violations detected and designated high priority, especially
land disposal restrictions violations, will be addressed by the states through
formal enforcement actions. EPA will perform oversight inspections and
inspections in non-participating and reverted states; undertake targeted
inspections and enforcement; and support the states in implementation of the
compliance monitoring and enforcement responsibilities through technical
assistance and training.
Support States in Corrective Action
The national program will assess RCRA facilities in terms of environmental
significance. RCRA Facility Investigations will continue to be required. As
corrective measures studies are completed, remedies will be selected and
required through either the permitting or enforcement process. EPA will
continue its corrective action efforts, especially at environmentally
significant facilities. The states will be encouraged through HSWA author-
ization and cooperative agreements to assume the lead for corrective action
oversight whenever possible. Training programs on corrective measures and
workshops for enforcement officers and permit writers will be conducted.
Maintain a Strong Permitting Program
Implementation activities expand from meeting statutory deadlines to
modifying permits completed under HSWA mandates, making post-closure permit
determinations, and processing permit appeals. As new regulations are
promulgated, it becomes necessary to revise permits to reflect these changes.
Amendments and additions to existing regulations -- including the Organic
Toxicity Characteristic, Corrective Action, Burner and Blender requirements,
and Alternative Closure rules -- will increase both the complexity of permits
and the size of the regulated universe. Modifications will also be necessary
as facilities increase capacity or manage waste streams not accounted for in
the original permit. The Agency will continue to provide technical assistance
to permit writers in order to facilitate the increasingly complex permitting
process. A number of permits are likely to be appealed, particularly at land
disposal and incineration facilities. Processing of these appeals will
continue in 1989 and 1990. The Regions and states will complete the
processing of most closure plans for interim status land disposal facilities
by the end of 1990. Processing Subpart X permits for miscellaneous units and
permit actions at Federal facilities will also be major activities.
Develop New and Revise Existing Regulations
The Hazardous Waste regulatory program focuses on implementing major HSWA
regulations completed in previous years, completing promulgation of remaining
HSWA requirements, and enhancing the waste management program through regu-
latory amendments. The Agency will emphasize the further definition of the
hazardous waste universe. The Agency will promote hazardous waste minimization
practices through development of industry-specific brochures and guidance
manuals. Regulations under development will be reviewed to ensure
incorporation of waste reduction concepts. The hazardous waste minimization
5-3
-------
program will be developed in conjunction with an Agency-wide strategy for
ensuring multimedia implementation of waste minimization practices. Imple-
mentation issues will continue to be a high priority, with guidances planned
for corrective measures, incineration and mixed waste management.
Address Solid Waste Issues
The Agency will continue efforts to address emerging solid waste
management (Subtitle D) issues. The Agency will promulgate revised criteria
and develop guidance for municipal solid waste landfills. The Agency will
assist the states, which have responsibility for implementing solid waste
management programs, by serving as a technical clearinghouse for solid waste
management information, options, and guidelines. The Agency will also continue
work on municipal waste combustion ash, including promulgating guidelines on
ash management and providing technical assistance to state and local govern-
ments. Other major enhancements to the RCRA program include the development of
regulations for the management of mining wastes and oil and gas production
wastes. These standards will be tailored under Subtitle D to account for their
special characteristics. The Agency will also continue to address emerging
medical waste issues through the development of regulations and guidance.
Develop and Implement the UST Program
Since a number of states already had underground storage tank regulatory
programs prior to the inception of the national legislation, the Federal task
has been to define and develop a comprehensive regulatory approach to prevent
leaks in underground storage tanks. The ongoing task will be to develop and
improve state programs, since many are not as comprehensive as the Federal
regulations. With the recent promulgation of the final Federal technical, leak
detection, and corrective action regulations for both petroleum and hazardous
substance tanks, and financial responsibility regulations for petroleum tanks,
states are engaged in developing legislative authorities and regulations no
less stringent than the Federal standards. Most states are expected to submit
an application for Federal program approval. The years 1989 and 1990 will be
transition years as states expand their programs to encompass the Federal
program, as well as manage their existing state programs.
The Agency will assist the states in development of their authorities and
regulations and in the program application process. Assisting the states in
developing the capacity to administer the entire Federal program will be an
equally important task. In addition, the Agency will provide states with
practical tools and guidances, in areas such as tank inspections and closures,
to facilitate enforcement of the technical standards and leak detection
requirements. EPA will also provide technical information to support state
outreach activities to enhance voluntary compliance by tank owners and
operators.
The last of the major Federal regulations required by Subtitle I will be
completed in 1990 with the promulgation of the financial responsibility
standards for tanks containing hazardous substances. Regulatory efforts will
then shift to consideration of deferred tanks, including bulk storage tanks and
individual sumps and reservoirs.
Develop and Implement the Emergency Planning/Community Right-To-Know Program
The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act was passed by
Congress as Title III of the SARA. Title III establishes a framework for
states and localities to identify hazardous chemicals present in their
5-4
-------
communities and to develop plans to protect the public in the event of an
emergency. The Agency will continue to support state efforts to develop
programs that meet Title III objectives. Also, the Agency will provide
technical assistance to states and local communities in the management and
proper use of the information generated through SARA's reporting requirements,
and in the implementation of a Title III enforcement program.
Conduct Research and Development to Support Regulatory Program
The Research and Development program will continue to develop scientific
and technical information to support hazardous waste regulatory development and
implementation. While research to support land disposal banning decisions is
nearing completion, resources will be shifted to augment the research
component of the Agency's new pollution prevention/waste minimization program
and to enhance research to support the characterization of non-hazardous wastes
from municipal, industrial, and mining facilities and monitoring of RCRA
Subtitle D facilities.
In 1990, a program to evaluate and demonstrate innovative technologies for
municipal waste treatment will begin. The Municipal Innovative Technology
Evaluation program , is designed to stimulate development and adoption of
innovative techniques relating to recycling, recovery, waste treatment,
including combustion, and waste minimization. It will also contain a
technology transfer component aimed at municipal waste decision-makers and the
private sector consulting services that support them. Research related to
exposure and risk of dioxin has been completed.
Consulting Services
Consulting services are required for several aspects of the Title III
program, since the Agency primarily performs a support role under this program.
The Agency will use advisory and assistance services of consultants for the
development of regulatory impact analyses, technical support in developing
regulations and guidance documents, technical assistance required for program
implementation and for the development of information management systems.
5-5
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Actual
1988
Current
Estimate
1989
Estimate
1990
Increase +
Decrease -
1990 vs.
1989
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Regulations:
RCRA Standards
Effl. Stds. Decision Doc
Effl. Stds. Data Summary
Proposals
Promulgations
UIC Petition Reviews....
Implementation:
Guidance Documents
Reports to Congress
State Auth. (cumul.)....
Base Program
HSWA Cluster I
Final Permit
Determinations/Closures
(cumulative)
UIC Permit Revisions....
Enforcement and
Corrective Actions:
Inspections
Administrative Orders...
Civil Litigation
Criminal Litigation
Corrective Action
Facility Assessments....
Monitoring of Corrective
Action Activities
POTW Corrective Measures
25
*
*
14
11
24
5
44
1
760
1,913
13,704
1,145
133
102
399
156
6
59
*
*
34
25
40
38
4
50
6
446
2,359
75
12,400
1,425
156
103
141
260
6
48
3
2
16
27
35
28
3
50
33
430
2,788
75
12,901
1,361
156
104
76
341
6
-11
+3
+2
-18
+2
-5
-10
-1
0
+27
-13
+430
+501
-64
0
+1
-65
+81
0
* Outputs for the Office of Water's Hazardous Waste Regulatory Development
Activities are not available for 1988 and 1989.
5-6
-------
Research and
Development
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
HAZARDOUS WASTE 5-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Waste Research 5-7
Scientific Assessment 5-12
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 5-13
Health Effects 5-15
Environmental Engineering and Technology 5-15
Environmental Processes and Effects 5-17
Integrated Hazardous Waste Research 5-18
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Research
ACTUAL
1988
PROGRAM
Scientific Assessment -
Hazardous Waste
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Hazardous Waste
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Health Effects -
Hazardous Waste
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Hazardous
Waste-
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Hazardous
Waste
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Integrated Hazardous
Waste Research
Research & Development
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
(DOLLARS
$1
$2
$3
$3
$8
$12
$1
$5
$10
$15
$3
$4
$7
$2
$2
,074
,460
,535
,895
,924
,820
$689
$950
,639
,153
,177
,331
,190
,487
,678
,800
,800
$14., 003
$29
,801
.3
.7
.0
.5
.8
.3
.1
.0
.1
.7
.8
.5
.8
.9
.7
.0
.0
.4
.2
$1,432
$2,443
$3,876
$4,019
$9,229
$13,249
$653
$950
$1,604
$5,270
$11,952
$17,223
$3,242
$4,483
$7,726
$2,500
$2,500
$14,619
$31,559
.8
.9
.7
.7
.8
.5
.8
.2
.0
.6
.4
.0
.5
.6
.1
.0
.0
.4
.9
$1
$2
$3
$3
$9
$13
$1
$5
$11
$16
$3
$4
$7
$2
$2
$14
$31
REQUEST
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
IN THOUSANDS)
,283.5
,192.6
,476.1
,949.0
,129.8
,078.8
$648.0
$950.2
,598.2.
,114.4
,839.3
,953.7
,324.9
,483.6
,808.5
,500.0
,500.0
,319.8
,095.5
$1,086
$1,685
$2,772
$3,353
$9,121
$12,475
$678
$850
$1,528
$5,398
$12,454
$17/853
$3,419
$4,233
$7,653
$13,936
$28,345
.4
.8
.2
.6
.4
.0
.0
.2
.2
.8
.6
.4
.4
.6
.0
.2
.6
-$197.
-$506.
-$703.
-$595.
-$8.
-$603.
$30.
-$100.
-$70.
$284.
$615.
$899.
$94.
-$250.
-$155.
-$2,500.
-$2,500.
-$383.
- -$2,749.
1
8
9
4
4
8
0
0
0
4
3
7
5
0
5
0
0
6
9
Hazardous Waste
Research
TOTAL $43,804.6 $46,179.3 $45,415.3 $42,281.8 -$3,133.5
5-7
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Research
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
; 1989 1990 VS 1989
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Hazardous Waste
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Hazardous Waste
Health Effects -
Hazardous Waste
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Hazardous
Waste
15.8
46.6
12.3
86.6
20.9
47.6
12.0
94.0
18.3
47.6
12.0
91.1
17.4
47.5
12.0
89.8
-.9
-.1
-1.3
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Hazardous
Waste
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
50.1
211.4
54.3
228.8
53.9
222.9
52.0
218.7
-1.9
-4.2
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Hazardous Waste
19.0
20.9
18.3
17.4
-.9
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Hazardous Waste
Health Effects -
Hazardous Waste
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Hazardous
Waste
52.4
12.3
93.8
47.6
12.0
94.0
47.6
12.0
91.1
47.5
12.0
89.8
-.1
-1.3
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Hazardous
Waste
52.0
54.3
53.9
52.0
-1.9
TOTAL WORKYEARS
229.5
228.8
222.9
218.7
-4.2
5-8
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Research
Principal Outputs by Objective
Objective 1: Develop Data to Support the Use of Alternate Technologies
1990: o Technical Report on Emerging Chemical and Biological Treatment
Methods for Halogenated Chemical Waste Streams (Engineering)
o Technical Report on the Evaluation of Waste Minimization
Technologies at Two Industrial Sites (Engineering)
1989: o Technical Resource Document on the Minimization and Control of
Hazardous Waste Combustion By-Products (Engineering)
o Report to Congress on Pollution Prevention Research (Engineering)
1988: o Technical Report on the Evaluation of Innovative Technology for
the Treatment of Hazardous Waste Streams (Engineering)
Objective 2: Develop and Evaluate Tests and Procedures for Conducting Risk
Assessments
1990: o Report on Field Evaluation of Unsaturated Zone Model (Envir.
Processes)
o Report on Evaluation of Using Plants to Decontaminate and
Metabolize PCB's (Envir. Processes)
o Report on Response to Toxicants of Plants Used as Cover Crops at
Hazardous Waste Sites (Envir. Processes)
1989: o Health and Environmental Effects Documents (Sci. Assessment)
o Field Validation of Solute Transport Model for Prediction of
Waste Concentrations in Ground Water (Envir. Processes)
1988: o Health and Environmental Effects Documents (Sci. Assessments)
o Risk Assessment Field Guide for RCRA (Sci. Assessment)
o User Manual for Metals-Speciation Model (MINTEQ) (Env. Processes)
Objective 3: Conduct Assessment and Control Research Necessary to Control
Dioxin
1989: o Report on Plant Uptake of Dioxin (Envir. Processes)
o Photodegradation Evaluation of Dioxin in Soils (Envir. Processes)
1988: o Final Report on Pharmacokinetics and Immunotoxicity of 2,3,7,8-
TCDD in Rhesus Monkeys (Sci. Assessment)
o Report on Ingestion of Soil by Children (Sci. Assessment)
5-9
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Objective 4: Develop Procedures to Identify and Measure Chemicals in Wastes
1990: o Report on Research Statistics, Geostatistics, and Chemometries
(Monitoring)
1989: o Development of Automated Expert Systems for Determining Location
Standards for Subtitle-D Facilities in Wet Environments (Monitor.)
1988: o Guidance Document for Determining Monitoring Methods for Subtitle
D Sites in or Near Wet Environments (Monitoring)
Objective 5:
Regulations
1990: o
1988: o
Develop the Data to Support Implementation of the Land Disposal
Complete Guidance Documents on the Design and Operation of
Landfills and Surface Impoundments (Engineering)
Development of an Expert System for Evaluating RCRA Closure Plans
(Engineering)
Objective 6: Develop Data to Support Implementation of the Incineration
Regulation
1990: o Technical Report on the Control Technology Assessment for Residues
from Municipal Waste Combustion Systems (Engineering)
1989: o Issue Best Practices Manual for Hazardous Waste Destruction in
High Temperature Industrial Processes (Engineering)
1988: o Assessment Report on Vermont Model Incinerator/Resource Recovery
Facility (Sci. Assessment)
Objective 7: Provide Quality Assurance Support to the Hazardous Waste Program
1990: o Annual Report on Quality Control Samples for RCRA Appendix VIII
Chemicals (Monitoring)
1989: o Annual Report on Quality Control Samples for RCRA Appendix VIII
Chemicals (Monitoring)
1988: o Annual Report on Quality Control Samples for RCRA Appendix VIII
Chemicals (Monitoring)
Objective 8: Develop Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous Releases
1990: o
1989: o
Technical Report on New and Improved Internal Tank . Inspection
Equipment and Procedures^ (Engineering)
Technical Report on the Evaluation of Automatic Product Monitoring
Devices for Underground Storage Tanks (Engineering)
5-10
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $42,281,800 supported by 218.7 total
workyears for 1990, a decrease of $3,133,500 and a decrease of 4.2 total
workyears from 1989. Of the request, $13,936,200 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $28,345,600 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation, decreases of $383,600 and $2,749,900 respectively.
Program Objectives
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) authorizes a regulatory
program to identify and manage wastes which pose a substantial hazard to human
health or the environment. RCRA also requires the promulgation of standards
related to Underground Storage Tank systems for both chemicals and petroleum
products. Section 311 of the Clean Water Act also mandates some of the
research conducted under this program, specifically the hazardous material
release efforts.
Objective 1: Develop Data to Support the Use of Alternative Technologies.
Research supporting this objective is being used to implement provisions of
RCRA that require the banning of highly hazardous wastes from land disposal.
The effectiveness of treatment alternatives and waste altering processes is
being evaluated and performance parameters established.
Objective 2: Develop and Evaluate Tests and Procedures for Conducting
Risk Assessments. Research supporting this objective will provide more
applicable, less expensive, simpler, and more accurate risk assessment
methodologies, as well as actual risk assessments for decision making.
Objective 3: Conduct Assessment and Control Research Necessary to Address
Dioxin. Research supporting this objective will evaluate the potential for
human health effects from dioxin in the environment.
Objective 4: Develop Procedures to Characterize Chemicals in Wastes.
Research develops and validates the analytical procedures and techniques
required to characterize wastes for Sections 3001 and 3013 of RCRA. These are
used for listing and other regulatory decisions made by the Office of Solid
Waste.
Objective 5: Develop Data to Support the Land Disposal Regulations. This
research program provides support for permitting of land disposal and land
treatment facilities, and for improvements in operation and design
requirements.
5-11
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Objective 6: Develop Data to Support the Incineration Regulations.
Laboratory, pilot and full-scale incineration units are being investigated to
determine the performance of a range of thermal treatment devices. Results are
used by permitting officials to evaluate permit requests and to monitor for
compliance with performance requirements. Evaluation of municipal waste
combustion processes also occurs under this objective. Health risk from
incinerator emissions and residues are investigated.
Objective 7: Provide Quality Assurance Support A quality assurance
program is being conducted to provide a scientific data base of known quality
to support RCRA regulatory activities. The program includes a repository of
calibration standards, reference materials, and on-site evaluations of
contractor laboratories.
Objective 8: Develop Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous
Releases. Research supporting this objective addresses requirements established
by Section 311 of the Clean Water Act (CWA) and RCRA's Underground Storage
Tank (UST) program. Research supporting these programs assesses the most cost-
effective technology and scientific techniques available to prevent and control
releases of hazardous substances.
Objective 10: Conduct Research Support for Emergency Planning and
Community Right-to-Know. Research will support the implementation of Title III
of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) on
Community Planning and Emergency Right-to-Know. Efforts will focus on
development of process measurement and monitoring techniques for prevention of
accidental and chronic releases in an effort to help state and local
governments, planning authorities, industry and private citizens assess and
respond to risks posed by hazardous substance releases.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,772,200 supported by 17.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,086,400 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,685,800 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents decreases of $197,100 and $506,800
respectively, and a decrease of 0.9 total workyears. These decreases reflect
the completion of the dioxin research program.
Develop and Evaluate Tests and Procedures for Conducting Risk Assessments.
Health and Environmental Effects Documents, Reference Doses, and technical
evaluations will continue to be provided to support the RCRA listing,
permitting and land disposal restriction programs. Microcomputer-assisted
risk assessment tools will be further developed.
Develop Data to Support the Incineration Regulations. A comprehensive
risk assessment methodology for evaluating health risks from municipal waste
incineration will be implemented. This methodology will include methods for
assessing the risks resulting from the use of municipal waste incineration as
well as assessing the risks remaining after the waste has been burned.
5-12
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1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,476,100 supported by 18.3
total workyears for this program, of which $1,283,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,192,600 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. In 1989, the program is emphasizing production of health and
environmental effects documents for the listing/delisting .programs, and
Reference Doses for the land disposal restriction program. Work is continuing
on the determination of patterns of soil ingestion by children for use in
exposure assessments, and a comprehensive risk assessment methodology to be
used in evaluating risks from municipal incineration is being developed to
permit assessment of potential risks from this disposal practice. The program
will continue its assessment of the model municipal waste combustor which was
initiated during 1987.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $3,535,000 supported by 19.0
total workyears for this program, of which $1,074,300 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,460,700 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. The 1988 program emphasized preparation of health and
environmental effects documents, Reference Doses, and carcinogenicity profiles.
Six petitions/exposure information reports were reviewed and assistance on
health/exposure assessment was provided to workgroups and the permit assistance
team.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,475,000 supported by 47.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,353,600 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $9,121,400 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents decreases of $595,400 and $8,400 respectively,
and a decrease of 0.1 total workyears. The reduction in Salaries and Expenses
reflects a reallocation of some non-personnel related resources to areas of
higher priority. The workyear reduction reflects a consolidation of resources
for the Regional Scientists Program within the Interdisciplinary media.
Develop Procedures to Characterize Chemicals in Wastes. Research will be
conducted to develop methods for characterizing and detecting wastes and
providing criteria for determining if those wastes constitute a potential
hazard. Methods will be tested for application to highly toxic wastes in soils
and sediments and for detection of organics in the ambient air of waste
disposal facilities. A validation of the methods contained in the Compendium
of Analytical Methods to Monitor for Solid Waste (SW-846) will be conducted.
These methods are used to determine the composition of wastes, detect trace
levels of toxic constituents, and rapidly screen for hazardous constituents.
Automated methods for subsurface monitoring will be developed and evaluated for
their ability to detect and track waste plume migration toward and into ground
water. An expert system will be developed for use in evaluating Subtitle-D
facility locations. Remote sensing will be -provided to assist permit writers.
5-13
-------
Provide Quality Assurance Support To ensure that the data on which
regulations and enforcement actions are based are accurate, quality control
samples and reference materials of wastes will continue to be provided to EPA
contractors, state, and local laboratories to standardize monitoring methods
and for calibration of RCRA analytical techniques.
Develop Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous Releases. Remote
sensing support will be provided to the Regions for monitoring spills and spill
threats under emergency conditions in support of Section 311 of the Clean Water
Act. In addition, leak monitoring methods outside underground storage tanks
will be evaluated in support of leak prevention and corrective action. This
activity will include evaluation of leak monitoring methods to establish which
existing instrumentation meets established performance criteria.
Support Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know. This new program
of research will focus on developing and evaluating process measurement and
monitoring methods that maximize the reliability of data without requiring
costly monitoring.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $13,078,800 supported by 47.6
total workyears for this program, of which $3,949,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $9,129,800 is from the Research and Develbpment
appropriation. Resources in 1989 are supporting RCRA requirements to determine
waste composition, to detect levels of toxic constituents in ground water/air,
and to characterize hazardous constituents through the evaluation, validation,
and development of new methods for SW-846. Monitoring methods are being
evaluated and/or developed for use at subtitle-D landfills in wet
environments. Remote sensing is also being provided to assist in the
assessment and mitigation of spills from facilities engaged in production,
storage, processing, and distribution of hazardous materials. Performance
criteria for evaluating leak monitoring methods are being established and
available techniques for conducting external leak monitoring from underground
storage tanks are being evaluated and developed.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $12,820,300 supported by 52.4
total workyears for this program, of which $3,895,500 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $8,924,800 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. During 1988, monitoring methods to detect hazardous
constituents in ground water, air, and soils were evaluated, validated, and
developed. Development of generic methods for analysis of Appendix VIII
compounds continued. Advanced analytical methods for waste detection were
under development. Biological procedures were evaluated as possible analytical
screening techniques. Over 40,000 quality control check samples and more than
25,000 organic calibration standards were distributed to RCRA laboratories.
All contractor laboratories were evaluated.
5-14
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,528,200 supported by 12.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $678,000 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $850,200 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $30,000 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and a decrease of $100,000 in the Research and
Development appropriation, and no change in total workyears. The increase in
Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs. The
decrease in Research and Development reflects a minor reduction in research on
health risk related to incineration.
Develop Data to Support the Incineration Regulations. Research will
continue to provide methods and health effects data on municipal and hazardous
waste combustion emissions and residual complex mixtures to .assist in the
assessment of potential human health risks. Pollutants from combustion control
technologies will be assessed using biological potency methods to evaluate the
potential hazards associated with waste incineration.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,598',200 supported by 12.0
total workyears for this program, of which $648,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $950,200 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. In 1989, this research program is assessing the potential for
health effects from air emissions and residues from incinerators using various
bioassay procedures. Health endpoints considered include genotoxicity,
pulmonary toxicity, and other major target organ effects.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $1,639,100 supported by 12.3
total workyears for this program, of which $689,100 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $950,000 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. A screening protocol for waste toxicity was completed and an
incineration health effects program was initiated with mutagenicity testing of
15 samples from 6 hazardous waste incinerators.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $17,853,400 supported by 89.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $5,398,800 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $12,454,600 will be for the Research and
Development appropriation. This represents increases of $284,400 and $615,300
respectively, and a decrease of 1.3 total workyears. The increase in Salaries
and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs. The increase in
Research and Development will be used to implement a new Municipal Waste
Innovative Technology Evaluation program and for implementation of SARA Title
III. The workyear decrease reflects a minor reduction in BOAT support.
5-15
-------
Develop Data to Support the Use of Alternative Technologies. Research
efforts will evaluate both existing and emerging alternative treatment
processes for wastes likely to be restricted from land disposal. The emerging
technology program will place emphasis on finding alternative disposal methods
for problem wastes which cannot be disposed of in landfills. A major focus of
the research program is now devoted to reducing the production of pollutants at
their source. New research will be conducted to define assessment techniques
to measure the reduction in quantities of pollutants produced and to identify
potential areas for pollution reduction. A new Municipal Waste Innovative
Technology Evaluation (MITE) program will be initiated. This •program is
designed to: 1) provide data on innovative equipment and techniques for
managing municipal waste; 2) accelerate early commercialization of innovative
equipment; 3) provide support and credibility to new techniques and equipment
being developed at the bench and pilot-scale; and 4) develop promising
techniques directly where a definite need exists. The initial emphasis will be
on demonstration of new or modified equipment processes or techniques at full
or nearly full scale.
Develop Data to Support the Land Disposal Regulations. Major issues
associated with disposal of hazardous waste to the land will continue to be
addressed. Synthetic and clay liners will be studied and the effectiveness of
alternative closure and monitoring procedures for surface impoundments will be
investigated. Research will also be conducted to characterize air emissions
from hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDFs) and
to assess methods to control them. Technical Resource Documents will be
updated for use by Regional and state agencies for permitting hazardous waste
facilities and for enforcing applicable regulations.
Develop Data to Support the Incineration Regulations. Incineration
research will focus on four areas: characterizing performance of existing
thermal technologies; developing methods for compliance monitoring of these
facilities; characterizing products of incomplete combustion and their
formation conditions; and developing methods to predict performance to avoid
process failure and control process reliability. Information will be developed
for both industrial processes and incinerators to support regulation of toxic
metal emissions, emission of products of incomplete combustion, and for the
refinement of the destruction removal efficiency rule. Research relative to
municipal solid waste incinerators will be conducted, with the emphasis
shifting from field characterization to evaluation of various air pollution
control devices and the assessment of ash utilization and disposal techniques.
Develop Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous Releases. Underground
storage tank (UST) research will evaluate prevention, detection, and corrective
action technologies to identify cost-effective, reliable techniques and
equipment for USTs. This research will result in publications on prevention
practices, assessment of retrofit techniques for leaking underground storage
tanks, identification and evaluation of reliable leak detection methods for
underground chemical tanks, and improvement of emergency response and remedial
corrective action technologies.
Support Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know. This new program
of research will focus on evaluating process measurement techniques applicable
to accidental and chronic releases.
5-16
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1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $16,953,700 supported by 91.1
total workyears for this program, of which $5,114,400 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $11,839,300 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. Activities in 1989 include the evaluation of emerging
alternative technologies and initiation of a waste minimization/pollution
prevention program. A report to the Congress will be submitted summarizing the
multimedia research which should be undertaken to prevent pollution from
industrial sources. Emerging technologies for detecting leaks from petroleum
and chemical tank systems are being evaluated. Major land disposal issues are
being investigated and various thermal destruction systems techniques are being
investigated.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $15,331,500 supported by 93.8
total workyears for this program, of which $5,153,700 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,177,800 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. The 1988 program produced performance evaluations of chemical
and biological treatment methods for halogenated aromatic chemical waste
streams as well as evaluations of innovative technologies for other waste
streams. An expert system for evaluating RCRA closure plans was developed and
work continued on development of leak detection' technologies for underground
storage tanks.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,653,000 supported by 52.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,419,400 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,233,600 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $94,500 and a decrease of
$250,000 respectively, with a decrease of 1.9 total workyears. The increase in
Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs. The
decrease in Research and Development reflects the completion of several
projects in the area of transport and fate research.
Develop and Evaluate Procedures for Conducting Risk Assessments. Research
will continue on multimedia site assessment models in support of hazardous
waste listing and delisting activities, methods for risk characterization of
complex wastes, and methods and data for predicting subsurface contamination.
An increased emphasis will be placed on ecological assessments. Transport
models for predicting waste concentrations in saturated and unsaturated zones
in the subsurface will be field evaluated, and a model describing speciation of
metals will be developed. Bioavailability, uptake, and metabolism of hazardous
chemicals by plants and animals will be investigated.
Develop Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous Releases. Research
.and field tests of biological, physical, and chemical methods, previously tried
at hazardous waste sites, will be conducted to determine their cost and
applicability to cleanup of pollutants from underground storage tanks.
5-17
-------
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,808,500 supported by 53.9
total workyears for this program, of which $3,324,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,483,600 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. In 1989, research will support the RCRA listing, delisting,
risk assessment, siting, and land disposal restriction programs. Development
of multimedia assessment methods and evaluation of waste management and
treatment needs, based on potential human health and environmental impacts, are
being prepared. Laboratory experiments are being conducted to determine plant
uptake of hazardous chemicals. The multimedia bioassessment screening
protocol used in evaluating damage caused by spills and potential risk
associated with waste sites is being revised based on the results of field
evaluations. In addition, studies on subsurface characteristics influencing
heavy metal contamination of ground water, evaluations of immiscible flow
processes controlling contaminant transport in ground water, and validation of
existing saturated and unsaturated zone contaminant transport models are being
conducted.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $7,678,700 supported by 52.0
total workyears for this program, of which $3,190,800 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,487,900 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. During 1988 the program completed the final version of a
methodology to allow the pollution potential of any hydrogeologic setting to be
evaluated. In addition, a seminar was prepared on transport and fate of
contaminants in the subsurface, a user's manual was prepared on the
quantitative geochemical model (MINTEQ) for predicting the equilibrium behavior
of metal species in a variety of environments, and studies were reported on
which indicated that in-situ biorestoration has potential for remediation of
aquifers contaminated by leaking underground storage tanks.
INTEGRATED HAZARDOUS WASTE RESEARCH
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this activity in 1990. Having funded
the Center for Environmental Management at Tufts University since 1983, the
Agency feels this Center is now fully established and should seek continued
funding on a competitive basis. Other sources of funding are available from
the private sector as well as other governmental sources.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,500,000 supported by no
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Research and Development
appropriation. The program is addressing a wide variety of research and
public policy issues. Issues being addressed include alternative technologies,
public perceptions associated with disposal facilities, development of
programs for public education, health effects, risk communication, waste
minimization, and alternatives to whole animal testing.
5-18
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1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $2,800,000 for this program from
the Research and Development appropriation. These resources were used to
continue funding research projects on health effects, monitoring systems,
alternative technologies, and risk communication.
5-19
-------
Abatement and
Control
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
HAZARDOUS WASTE 5-1
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines and Policies 5-20
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Hazardous Waste 5-22
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Air and Radiation .... 5-24
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Water 5-25
Regulations, Guidelines & Policies - Underground Storage Tanks . 5-27
Financial Assistance 5-30
Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance to States. ... 5-31
Underground Storage Tanks State Grants 5-33
Waste Management Strategies Implementation 5-34
Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation. 5-35
Emergency Planning/Community Right-to-know - Title III 5-37
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines & Policies
ACTUAL
1988
PROGRAM
Regulations , Guidelines
& Policies - Hazardous
Waste
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies - Office of
Air and Radiation
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies - Office of
Water
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Regulations, Guidelines
and Policies - Under-
ground Storage Tanks
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
'OTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
(DOLLARS
$15
$36
$52
$3
$3
$2
$4
$6
$2
$3
$6
$21
$48
,843.2
, 940 . 0
,783.2
$555.0
,215.0
,770.0
,112.1
,559.7
,671.8
,587.2
,955.0
,542.2
,097.5
,669.7
$15
$41
$57
$3
$3
$2
$5
$7
$3
$4
$7
$22
$53
, 940 . 5
,386.0
,326.5
$627.6
,265.0
,892.6
,274.8
,025.0
,299.8
,437.1
,200.0
,637.1
,280.0
,876.0
$16
$40
$56
$3
$3
$2
$4
$7
$3
$4
$7
$22
$52
REQUEST
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
IN THOUSANDS)
,190.0
,329.5
,519.5
$652.6
,106.8
,759.4
,436.6
,974.4
,411.0
,402.6
,165.4
,568.0
,681.8
,576.1
$17
$40
$58
$3
$3
$2
$4
$7
$3
$4
$7
$24
$52
,811
,329
,140
$673
,106
,780
,054
,974
,028
,739
,165
,904
,277
,576
.1
.5
.6
.4
.8
.2
.1
.4
.5
.0
.8
.8
.6
.5
$1,621
$1,621
$20
$20
-$382
-$382
$336
$336
$1,595
.1
.1
.8
.8
.5
.5
.4
$4
.8
.8
$4
Compliance
Waste Management TOTAL $69,767.2 $76,156.0 $75,257.9 $76,854.1 $1,596.2
Regulations,
Guidelines & Policies
5-20
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines & Policies
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies - Hazardous
Waste
Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies - Office of
Air and Radiation
Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies - Office of
Water
Regulations, Guidelines
and Policies - Under-
ground Storage Tanks
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
235.2 239.1 239.4 239.1
-.3
10.4 13.0 13.0
52.0 64.1 63.4
13.0
46.3 59.5 59.3 48.7
68.2
343.9 375.7 375.1 369.0
-10.6
4.8
-6.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies - Hazardous
Waste
Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies - Office of
Air and Radiation
Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies - Office of
Water
Regulations, Guidelines
and Policies - Under-
ground Storage Tanks
TOTAL WORKYEARS
240.4 239.1 239.4 239.1
10.4 13.0 13.0
13.0
56.5 67.6 66.9 68.2
-.3
49.2 60.9 60.7 48.7 -12.0
1.3
356.5 380.6 380.0 369.0 -11.0
5-21
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines, and Policies
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $76,854,100 supported by 369 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $1,596,200 and a decrease of 11 total
workyears from 1989. Of the request, $24,277,600 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $52,576,500 will be for the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation, increases of $1,595,800 and $400, respectively. The
increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support
costs. The decrease in total workyears reflects completed water regulatory
activities.
REGULATIONS. GUIDELINES. AND POLICIES -- HAZARDOUS WASTE
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $58,140,600 supported by 239.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $17,811,100 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $40,329,500 will be for the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,621,100 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, no change in the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation, and a decrease of 0.3 total workyears from 1989
levels. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and
support costs.
The Agency will continue the development and promulgation of the remaining
major regulations required by the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA).
Regulations that require corrective action at solid waste management units
will be finalized in 1990. The Agency will promulgate the treatment standards
for the final group of hazardous wastes in the land disposal restrictions
schedule. The Agency will also begin setting treatment standards for wastes
listed as hazardous since the 1984 Amendments, and soil and debris wastes from
RCRA corrective actions and Superfund remedial actions. Completing evaluation
of remaining HSWA-required listings such as Dyes and Pigments, Used Oil, and
Coke, will largely fulfill the Agency's HSWA mandates. In addition, the Agency
will continue to develop and disseminate technical guidance to permit writers
on the new regulations, including guidance on land disposal restrictions,
hazardous and solid waste incineration, and corrective measures.
, The Agency will continue to expand efforts to address nonhazardous waste
issues of national significance by serving as a technical clearinghouse for
nonhazardous waste management information, options, and guidelines. Following
final revision of the Subtitle D (nonhazardous waste) Criteria in 1989, the
Agency will assist states in developing solid waste management plans. The
Agency will continue to address growing national concern for the safe disposal
of municipal waste combustion ash by developing guidelines for ash disposal.
In addition, the Agency will develop regulations on medical wastes.
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Improving states' capabilities to perform hazardous waste management
activities will remain a high Agency priority. The Agency will streamline
state authorization and withdrawal procedures requirements, and will process
HSWA authorization packages to ensure that states adopt Federal provisions as
early as possible.
The Agency will continue to revise hazardous waste regulations based on
evaluation of the effectiveness of HSWA and pre-HSWA regulations. The Agency
may further revise the organic toxicity characteristic to more fully encompass
the hazardous waste universe and to reflect changes to maximum contaminant
levels. The Agency will continue to review rulemaking petitions, including
delisting petitions, submitted by the public and the regulated community in
order to more effectively characterize the hazardous waste universe and ease
any unnecessary regulatory burdens.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $56,519,500 supported by
239.4 total workyears for this program, of which $16,190,000 is from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $40,329,500 is from the Abatement,
Control, and Compliance appropriation.
The Agency is continuing to develop and revise hazardous waste regulations
to respond to HSWA requirements. The Agency will propose major revisions to
the location standards for hazardous waste facilities, as well as technical
requirements for performing corrective action at facilities where hazardous
constituents have contaminated the environment. The Agency will promulgate a
rule providing delay of closure of certain hazardous waste facilities that are
capable of receiving nonhazardous wastes.. EPA will also promulgate regulations
allowing. alternative closure activities based on certain site-specific waste
and location factors, as well as regulations that establish permitting
requirements for mobile treatment units and experimental facilities.
The Agency is continuing to develop a comprehensive nationwide program for
the safe management of municipal solid waste. The Agency will issue the
Municipal Solid Waste Strategy, which will outline options and preferred
practices to help states and municipalities develop integrated solid waste
management programs. EPA will also continue work on final Subtitle D criteria
revisions mandated by HSWA.
EPA is continuing to refine the definition of the hazardous waste universe
to include wastes that pose a hazard and to exclude benign wastes. The Agency
is finalizing a regulation incorporating a new test for determining wastes'
toxicity, the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure. This regulation will
also add approximately forty hazardous constituents to the Toxicity Charac-
teristic. The Agency is also finalizing regulations to list primary treatment
sludge from certain petroleum refining processes, as well as proposing the
listing of wastes from wood preserving and surface protection industries. The
Agency is continuing its review and promulgation of decisions on delisting
petitions and other rulemaking petitions.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $52,783,200 supported by 240.4
total workyears for this program, of which $15,843,200 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $36,940,000 was from the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation. ;
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In 1988, EPA promulgated regulations banning the land disposal of
untreated hazardous waste included in the First Third of the scheduled wastes.
The Agency enhanced permitting regulations by finalizing requirements for
permitting miscellaneous hazardous waste facilities, and by finalizing the
permit modification rule. EPA also provided relief to many facilities having
difficulties obtaining certification of financial responsibility by finalizing
regulations offering new mechanisms for proving liability coverage. The Agency
continued work on the incinerator amendments and waste-as-fuel regulations, and
issued several guidance documents on permitting incinerators and conducting
effective trial burns. The Agency also finalized regulations modifying the
statistical procedures to be used when monitoring for ground-water contami-
nation.
The Agency continued development of a strong nonhazardous waste program by
issuing the draft Municipal Solid Waste Strategy: An Agenda for Action. EPA
also proposed the HSWA-mandated Subtitle D Criteria revisions. Also in the
area of nonhazardous wastes, EPA published final Federal procurement guidelines
for re-refined oil and paper, and proposed guidelines for the procurement of
tires and insulation. The Agency issued reports to Congress on large-volume
wastes from utilities and the production of oil and gas.
REGULATIONS. GUIDELINES. AND POLICIES -- OFFICE OF AIR AND RADIATION
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,780,200 supported by 13.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $673,400 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,106,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $20,800 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, no change in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and no change in total workyears from 1989.
In 1990 the program will continue the development of regulations for
organic emissions from the seven types of treatment, storage, and disposal
facilities (TSDF) area sources. These types of sources include: surface
impoundments, landfills, wastewater treatment tanks, waste piles, land
treatment facilities, pretreatment facilities, and transfer operations. Some
sources will require additional regulations to control emissions of specific
toxic constituents that will not be covered by the 1991 rule. This program
will also provide technical support for states and EPA Regional offices in
implementing the TSDF regulations.
1989 Program
In 1989 the Agency is allocating a total of $3,759,400 supported by 13.0
total workyears to this program, of which $652,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,106,800 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1989 efforts are continuing on the development of regulations for the
seven types of TSDF area source types listed above. Proposal of regulations is
currently scheduled for late 1990. An accelerated rule covering a subset of
TSDF area source types including fugitive emissions and waste solvents is
scheduled to be promulgated in 1989.
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1988 Accomplishments
In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of $3,770,000 supported by 10.4 total
workyears, of which $555,000 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $3,215,000 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1988 work continued on the interim development of the TSDF rules.
REGULATIONS. GUIDELINES. AND POLICIES -- OFFICE OF WATER
1990 Program Request
In 1990, the Agency requests a total of $7,028,500 supported by 48.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,054,100 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,974,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents a decrease of $382,500 in Salaries
and Expenses and a decrease of 12.0 workyears. The decrease reflects the
reduction in the number of Publicly-Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) requiring
corrective action and completion of the double-liner waiver assessment.
In 1990, the Agency will continue information-gathering and sampling of
specific Domestic Sewage Study (DSS) industries -- wastewaters will be screened
and analyzed for hazardous constituents. Data summaries and decision documents
will be prepared for industries upon completion of a study of that industry.
The Agency will develop guidance for implementing the new specific
discharge prohibitions, including ignitability/explosivity and reactivity/fume
toxicity. The Agency will establish numerical discharge limits or other
controls to protect worker health and safety, establish Best Professional
Judgment technology-based limits for centralized water treaters, and perform
toxicity testing and reduction evaluations for POTWs. Contract assistance
will be provided to Regions and states for toxicity screening/testing and
modifying/developing local limits for controlling hazardous and toxic pollutant
discharges from industrial users discharging to POTWs.
Oversight of follow-up activity supplementing the original POTW Section
3007 survey will continue. EPA will continue to implement corrective action
requirements for a small number of POTWs and continue to focus on control of
hazardous and toxic pollutants through implementation of recommendations from
the DSS.
In 1990, a corrective action program under Section 3004(u) of RCRA will
continue to be implemented for Class I hazardous waste injection wells and will
include assessments of prior or continuing releases and proposals for clean-up.
The Regions will prepare assessments/site investigations of those wells where a
previous or continuing release has been identified. Proposals for clean-up
will be developed and incorporated into the Underground Injection Control (UIC)
permits.
Headquarters will continue to develop guidance and provide technical
advice for Regions and states in implementing hazardous waste disposal
restrictions. Headquarters will continue to assist Regions and states in
reviewing facility petitions and will provide technical assistance to Regions
and states in enforcing the loss of facility interim status.
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Pursuant to Sections 3004(f) and (g), the Agency will continue to review
petitions from operators who want to continue injecting banned wastes. Any
necessary UIC permit modifications required to implement the land ban
provisions will also be reviewed. The Agency will continue to provide training
for modeling applied to Class I hazardous waste well petition work. In
addition, EPA will initiate a study to determine whether the Class I hazardous
waste regulations should be applied to all Class 1 wells.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,411,000 supported by 60.7
total workyears for this program, of which $2,436,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,974,400 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
During 1989, EPA Headquarters is working towards developing regulations
for the Pharmaceuticals industry, which will improve controls on toxic
pollutants, hazardous wastes, and hazardous constituents. Headquarters is also
initiating regulation development for the equipment manufacturing and
rebuilding industry and the hazardous waste treaters industry. Sludge use and
disposal screening for RCRA constituents is continuing. The Regions and POTWs
are developing new local limits to address hazardous pollutants and are
increasing the number of spill prevention plans initiated. The Agency is also
proposing changes to the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) and general pretreatment regulations based on recommendations from the
DSS.
EPA and states are continuing to implement the corrective action
requirement for POTWs that accept hazardous waste. EPA will follow up on the
original survey with a supplemental Section 3007 POTW survey. : EPA and states
are collecting and analyzing data submitted by POTWs, and the Regions are
undertaking or overseeing necessary facility assessments, conducting visual
site inspections and sampling visits, and implementing remedial investigations
and corrective measures at appropriate POTWs. EPA and states are continuing to
implement the RCRA corrective action requirements, focusing on the RCRA
facility investigations and initiation of interim corrective actions where
appropriate. Implementation of RCRA pretreatment and sludge control require-
ments, based on the DSS, continues through establishment of additional local
limits for industrial uses of POTWs and enforcement of Federally-developed
categorical standards and POTW developed local limits.
During 1989, the Agency is planning to propose and promulgate the
"Second-Third" of the listed wastes regulated under Section 3004(g); as a
result, EPA expects to review up to 40 petitions from operators of hazardous
waste injection wells who are seeking exemptions from the injection ban, and
revise or modify up to 75 hazardous waste injection well permits. Guidance
outlining the criteria and procedures to be used in developing geologic data
and modeling waste fate and transport is under development.
Regional UIC permit writers are conducting corrective action
investigations for Class I hazardous waste wells, giving priority to wells with
permits issued after November 1984, which do not include a schedule for
corrective action. Owners or operators of Class I wells must certify
compliance with requirements for groundwater monitoring and financial
responsibility in order to retain authorization to inject hazardous materials.
The Regions will also continue to review petitions from operators of hazardous
waste injection wells seeking exemptions from the injection ban under Part 148.
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1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $6,671,800 supported by 49.2
total workyears for this program, of which $2,112,100 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,559,700 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
During 1988, revisions were made to the NPDES and general pretreatment
regulations due to the DSS. The Regions also implemented regulatory changes,
requiring additional discharge prohibitions. Specific regulatory development
was undertaken on two industries. Information gathering and wastewater
sampling and analysis of ten DSS industries continued and three decision
documents were prepared, along with guidance documents. The Agency developed
sludge disposal regulations and continued screening for hazardous constituents.
Headquarters developed procedural guidance and provided training to
Regions and states on data collection and evaluation and on implementation of
corrective action requirements for release of hazardous waste material from
solid waste management units. Training was provided for POTWs that receive
hazardous waste. POTWs were screened to identify those which received
hazardous waste by dedicated pipe, truck or rail. Enforcement efforts focused
on ensuring that POTWs comply with their reporting mandates and with other RCRA
permit-by-rule requirements. The Agency proposed state sludge program
regulations that link sludge disposal and use with hazardous waste
requirements.
The Agency promulgated amendments to the UIC regulations for Class I
hazardous waste injection wells and the standards and procedures for petitions
for exemption from the injection ban. The effective dates were promulgated in
August 1988, for restriction on injection of solvents, dioxins, California list
wastes and certain "First-Third" listed wastes regulated under Section 3004(g).
This included finalizing the associated regulatory impact analysis.
Regional UIC permit writers conducted corrective action investigations
for Class I hazardous waste wells which included an assessment of prior and
continuing releases and a proposal for clean-up. Regional assessments focused
on the nature and extent of the release, the potential threat to human health
and environment, and recommendations for clean-up.
Headquarters completed and forwarded the Municipal Wastewater Lagoon Study
to Congress in December 1987.
REGULATIONS. GUIDELINES. AND POLICIES -- UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (UST)
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,904,800 supported by 68.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,739,000 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,165,800 will be for the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation. This represents increases of $336,400 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriations and $400 for the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation, and a 1.3 total workyear increase. The increases
will provide additional implementation support for states and Indian tribes.
The Agency will continue its work to implement a national program based on
principles of franchise management by ensuring that states meet the conditions
for an approvable program before the formal application is submitted. The
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number of state programs receiving Federal approval will increase as many
states complete the legislative and regulatory changes required to ensure that
1) state programs are no less stringent than the Federal program, and 2) states
have adequate enforcement authorities and capacity.
The Agency recognizes that all states may not apply and be approved for
the UST program; however, the Agency will encourage and assist these states in
the development of their UST programs. The Agency will also increase outreach
efforts to tribal leaders and owner/operators with tanks on Indian lands, and
will provide the tribes with compliance and enforcement assistance.
As the states implement the new regulations, the Agency will continue to
provide ongoing technical information, assistance and training support. The
Agency will work with the states to identify specific areas for performance
improvement and assistance whether in technical, administrative, legal or
financial areas. For example, the Agency will examine ways to extend the
concepts developed for leak detection to other areas such as enforcement. The
Agency also will select and provide limited funding for Targeted Improvement
Projects to improve state capabilities.
Because of the size of the regulated tank universe, the Agency will
emphasize voluntary compliance by owners and operators. Although enforcement
efforts will focus on informal actions and streamlined enforcement procedures,
Federal enforcement will target national precedent-setting actions.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,568,000 supported by 66.9
total workyears for this program, of which $3,402,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,165,400 is from the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation.
Due to the diverse nature of environmental problems caused by leaking USTs
and the size of the regulated community, the Agency has designed the national
program for implementation at the state and local level using principles of a
franchiser-type organization. EPA's role in implementing this approach is to
provide ongoing support and services to state programs. State needs are
identified during routine communications and in program reviews. The Agency is
continuing to assist the states to improve their performance in specific areas
such as tank inspections, closures, enforcement and the administrative tasks of
regulating thousands of tanks.
In 1989, the Agency will 1) provide technical support and training to
states as they develop their programs; 2) review and approve a significant
number of state program applications; and 3) assist states in preparing
applications to meet Federal approval standards. The Agency is also assisting
the states in developing communication strategies, and negotiates and oversees
state grants.
The Agency's enforcement strategy emphasizes voluntary compliance and
promotes innovative techniques to achieve non-voluntary enforcement.
EPA is continuing to develop informational tools for professional use,
such as videos to demonstrate correct procedures for tank installation and
tank closure. The Agency is also developing other videos and brochures for the
general public.
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The final rule for financial responsibility for tanks containing hazardous
substances was issued in October 1988.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $6,542,200 supported by 56.5
total workyears, of which $2,587,200 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,955,000 from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
The Agency issued final regulations on corrective action, leak detection,
and technical performance standards for new and existing tanks that contain
petroleum products and hazardous substances, as well as final regulations on
requirements for state programs. The Agency developed supplemental policies
and guidances on the process and requirements for state regulatory program
authorization.
The Agency negotiated UST grants with all states and provided technical
assistance and guidance for implementation and enforcement. Efforts to assist
the states with program development and the program application process
included training and pilot projects on developing applications and a handbook
on state financing mechanisms.
The Agency also developed and distributed informational tools including
video tapes demonstrating correct procedures for tank installation and closure.
Brochures were also developed and distributed, including Musts for USTs which
describes the technical standards in plain English and a handbook on building
state compliance programs.
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
. Financial Assistance
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Waste
Management Financial
Assistance To States
Abatement Control and $68,593.7 $66,000.0 $66,020.0 $70,000.0 $3,980.0
Compliance
TOTAL $68,593.7 $66,000.0 $66,020.0 $70,000.0 $3,980.0
Underground Storage
Tanks State Grants
Abatement Control and $7,110.0 $9,000.0 $9,000.0 $9,000.0
Compliance
TOTAL $7,110.0 $9,000.0 $9,000.0 $9,000.0
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and $75,703.7 $75,000.0 $75,020.0 $79,000.0 $3,980.0
Compliance
Financial Assistance TOTAL $75,703.7 $75,000.0 $75,020.0 $79,000.0 $3,980.0
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Financial Assistance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $79,000,000 for this program for the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This is an increase of
$3,980,000 from the level provided in 1989.
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO STATES
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $70,000,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $3,980,000 to provide additional support for state
corrective action, compliance monitoring, and development of state programs as
they move toward authorization to administer the hazardous waste program.
EPA Regions will support the development of state capability in 1990. The
states will increase efforts to develop legislation and regulations to achieve
equivalence with the Federal hazardous waste management program. EPA expects
that fifty states will be authorized for the base program and will be actively
working toward authorization for specific Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendment
(HSWA) provisions.
The states will ensure that noncompliance is identified and addressed
through timely and appropriate enforcement actions and that handlers are
returned to compliance. A priority activity will be compliance monitoring at
generators and transporters, especially with respect to land ban requirements.
The states will take enforcement actions against facilities and oversee
adherence to compliance schedules. The states will take enforcement actions
for violation of approved closure plans. The states will inspect all operating
land disposal and incineration facilities annually, one half of all storage and
treatment facilities and closed land disposal facilities, the mandated
inspections at Federal and local government facilities, and a targeted portion
of generators and transporters. Inspections will be conducted to support the
processing of permit applications, and to ensure compliance with permit
provisions or existing administrative and judicial actions.
The states will ensure that corrective action initiated in prior years is
fully supported through the implementation of the appropriate remedy.
Corrective action orders and compliance schedules in the permits will ensure
that corrective measures are taken by the owner/operator at their facilities.
States will monitor the progress of corrective actions through oversight of
the owner/operator's RCRA Facility Investigation, development of the corrective
measures study, and implementation of the remedy to ensure that work is
performed correctly. New RCRA Facility Assessments will be initiated at
storage and treatment facilities seeking permits. Judicial actions will be
initiated when a permit schedule or administrative order is considered
insufficient to compel the owner/operator to undertake corrective measures
that would protect human health and the environment.
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The states will continue processing an increasing number of permit
modifications. Operating facilities' permits will require modification due to
a number of factors, including corrective action requirements, facility
improvements, expanding capacity, and changing waste streams. The states will
focus on processing most closure plans for land disposal facilities by the end
of 1990. Work will begin on the processing of permits for burners and blenders
who burn waste as fuel, and post-closure permitting will increase in 1990.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $66,020,000 for this
program, all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
States are required to amend their programs to incorporate the provisions
of RCRA and HSWA; they are proposing legislation and upgrading regulations to
achieve equivalence with the Federal hazardous waste management program.
Permitting efforts are directed toward meeting the November 1989 deadline
for issuing permits to all operating incineration facilities and for processing
permit modifications. The states are also completing processing of final
permit determinations for land disposal facilities by the November 1988
deadline. The states are emphasizing compliance monitoring and enforcement
efforts that will ensure adequate environmental safeguards for the generation,
transportation, and disposal of hazardous waste. The states are investigating
releases at facilities to determine the need for corrective action. As
releases are identified, the states and EPA are ensuring that the
owner/operators address the contamination.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $68,593,700, all of which was
from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The states developed legislation and regulations to achieve equivalence
with the Federal hazardous waste management program. A number of states
submitted applications for authorization for the various provisions of HSWA.
The states and Regions worked jointly on processing permits for those HSWA
provisions for which states were not authorized, particularly corrective
action.
The states placed a high priority on processing permit applications for
land disposal facilities in order to meet the November 1988 HSWA deadline.
Processing incineration permit applications was also a high priority due to the
November 1989 deadline.
The states performed the mandated inspections and took appropriate
enforcement actions. In addition, the states performed RCRA Facility'
Assessments to support the permitting program and to prioritize sites for
corrective action.
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UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK GRANTS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,000,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. This
represents no change from 1989.
Resources provided to the states will be used to supplement state funds in
the development and implementation of state Underground Storage Tank (UST)
programs. State program approval is expected to be a major activity in 1990.
Many states, having completed the necessary legislative and regulatory changes,
will be applying for state program approval. In addition, these states will
be building program capacity for administering the entire Federal program.
Other states will continue to develop and update their legislative and
regulatory standards, including technical, leak detection, financial
responsibility and corrective action standards.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,000,000 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
UST grant funds are being used primarily to stimulate development of state UST
programs. Most states are initiating legislative and regulatory changes
necessary for the state standards to be no less stringent than the final
Federal standards. Some states will complete this process in 1989, and are
then expected to begin the state program approval process. This includes
working with EPA to ensure that the application is complete and then submitting
the application for formal review and approval. In addition, states will be
building program capacity for administering the entire Federal program.
The phasing-in of the financial responsibility and leak detection
regulations will generate an additional workload as states process increased
numbers of tank closures. Implementation of these regulations will require a
systematic outreach and follow-up to owner/operators of tanks to increase
voluntary compliance with the new regulations. States will continue to process
tank notifications and take appropriate enforcement actions against violators.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated $7,110,000 for the program, all of which
was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. UST grant funds
were used to stimulate development of state UST programs. Forty-two states
have developed legislative authorities and proposed regulatory standards to
regulate underground storage tanks.
Implementation activities continued as states processed tank
notifications. Enforcement efforts focused on the development of compliance
and enforcement programs and, in some cases, on the enforcement of existing
state regulations equivalent to the Interim Prohibition requirements. An
important activity was the continuation of efforts to develop multi-year state
funding mechanisms, such as permit and license fees, gasoline taxes and
surcharges.
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Waste
Management Regulatory
Strategies
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$15,328.7 $15,816.6 $15,395.1 $16,788.0 $1,392.9
$3,997.9 $8,279.8 $8,257.2 $10,257.2 $2,000.0
TOTAL $19,326.6 $24,096.4 $23,652.3 $27,045.2 $3,392.9
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Waste Management
Strategies
Implementation
$15,328.7 $15,816.6 $15,395.1 $16,788.0 $1,392.9
$3,997.9 $8,279.8 $8,257.2 $10,257.2 $2,000.0
TOTAL $19,326.6 $24,096.4 $23,652.3 $27,045.2 $3,392.9
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Waste
Management Regulatory
Strategies
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
346.4
346.4
352.5
352.5
347.3
347.3
379.8
379.8
32.5
32.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Waste
Management Regulatory
Strategies
Implementation
TOTAL WORKYEARS
376.3
376.3
380.0
380.0
374.8
374.8
379.8
379.8
5.0
5.0
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Strategies Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $27,045,200 supported by 379.8 workyears
for 1990, an increase of $3,392,900 and 5 workyears from 1989. Of the request,
$16,788,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $10,257,200
will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation, increases of
$1,392,900 and $2,000,000, respectively.
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IMPLEMENTATION
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $27,045,200 supported by 379.8 workyears
for this program, of which $16,788,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $10,257,200 will be for the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation. This represents increases of $1,392,900 and
$2,000,000, respectively, and an increase of 5 workyears. The increases will
allow EPA to provide additional support to states as they revise their non-
hazardous waste management programs to achieve equivalence with the new Federal
criteria for solid waste facilities.
The Regions will continue efforts to support the development and
upgrading of state, legislation and regulations to achieve equivalence with the
Federal hazardous waste management program. This support from the Regions,
along with the resources available to the states through the Hazardous Waste
Management Financial Assistance grants, is designed to develop state capability
to manage effective hazardous waste management programs. Fifty states will be
authorized for the base program and will be actively working toward
authorization for specific Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendment (HSWA)
provisions.
In 1990, permitting activities will shift from meeting the statutory
deadline for permitting incineration facilities to permit modification and
permit appeal processing. The Regions and states will continue processing an
increasing number of permit modifications in 1990. Operating facility permits
will require modification due to a number of factors, including corrective
action requirements, expanding capacity, and changing waste streams. A number
of permits are likely to be appealed, particularly at land disposal facilities.
The Regions and states will complete the processing of closure plans for land
disposal facilities by the end of 1990, and will increase post-closure permit
processing. Permit activities at Federal facilities will be a major workload.
The Agency will also make permit determinations for Subpart X miscellaneous
units.
Work will continue on implementing the RCRA Information System to enable
the Regions and states to work closely together to monitor facility progress as
well as national trends. Efforts to encourage states to adopt stronger solid
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waste programs that incorporate the revised criteria will continue in 1990.
Resources for Subtitle D will be used to leverage states toward innovative
solutions to solid waste issues, and to support the states in the development
of solid waste programs consistent with the revised national criteria.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $23,652,300 supported by
374.8 total workyears for this program, of which $15,395,100 is from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $8,257,200 is from the Abatement,
Control, and Compliance appropriation.
Permitting efforts are directed toward meeting the November 1989 deadline
for issuing permits to all operating incineration facilities and processing
facility applications for new and expanding capacity. Efforts to issue permits
for environmentally significant operating storage and treatment and Subpart X
facilities are continuing.
The Regions are processing an increasing number of permit modifications,
particularly modifications that will result in new storage or treatment
capacity or in processes that minimize a facility's waste. Other important
permitting activities include addressing permit appeals and reviewing closure
plans.
The Regions are supporting the development and upgrading of state
legislation and regulations to achieve equivalence with the Federal hazardous
waste management program, as well as to ensure national consistency. Through
joint permitting, the Regions are processing those portions of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act permits that include HSWA provisions for which
the states are not authorized. The Regions are providing oversight of state
activities to ensure technical adequacy, enforceability, and national
consistency, as well as to provide state permit writers with technical
assistance as needed. The Agency is providing specific guidance on especially
complex regulatory requirements such as corrective action and closure and post-
closure plans.
The Regions are assisting states and municipalities in their development
of upgraded Solid Waste (Subtitle D) programs.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $19,326,600 supported by 376.3
total workyears, of which $15,328,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,997,900 was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
The Regions supported the states in the development of hazardous waste
management programs equivalent to the Federal program. With most states
authorized for the pre-HSWA program, the Agency focused on oversight and
technical support activities. The Regions provided technical assistance to the
states as they developed legislation and regulations consistent with the
provisions of HSWA and with regulatory revisions to the Federal base program.
The Regions and states worked together to process those permit
applications with HSWA provisions for states not yet authorized. High
priorities included processing the remainder of land disposal facility permit
applications for the November 1988 deadline and processing a large number of
incineration facility permits to work toward the November 1989 deadline.
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Emergency Planning - Community Right To Know
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990
1989 ]
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Emergency Planning -
Community Right To Know
Salaries & Expenses $1,219.1 $2,221.2 $2,291.2 $2,094.3
Abatement Control and $2,147.8 $2,938.0 $2,912.7 $2,938.0
Compliance
Hazardous Substance $250.3
Superfund
TOTAL $3,617.2 $5,159.2 $5,203.9 $5,032.3
FEMA EMERGENCY TRAINING
- TITLE III
Abatement Control and $4,666.9
Compliance .
TOTAL $4,666.9
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $1,219.1 $2,221.2 $2,291.2 $2,094.3
Abatement Control and $6,814.7 $2,938.0 $2,912.7 $2,938.0
Compliance
Hazardous Substance $250.3
Superfund
Emergency Planning - TOTAL $8,284.1 $5,159.2 $5,203.9 $5,032.2
Community Right To Know
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Emergency Planning - 19.7 29.5 29.5 32.0
Community Right To Know
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 19.7 29.5 29.5 32.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
.990 VS 1989
-$196.9
$25.3
-$171.6
-$196.9.
$25.3
-$171.6
2.5
2.5
Emergency Planning -
Community Right To Know
TOTAL WORKYEARS
22.3
22.3
30.5
30.5
30.5
30.5
32.0
32.0
1.5
1.5
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know -- Title III
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,032,300 supported by 32.0 total
workyears for 1990. Of the request, $2,094,300 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,938,000 will be for the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation. These levels represent a decrease of $196,900 and an
increase of $25,300 respectively, as well as an increase of 1.5 total
workyears. The Agency is not requesting $5,000,000 in emergency training
grants under Section 305(a). Instead, the Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA) will request funding for these grants.
EMERGENCY PLANNING AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW -- TITLE III
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,032,300 supported by 32.0 total
workyears for 1990. Of the request, $2,094,300 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,938,000 will be for the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation. These levels represent a decrease of $196,900 and an
increase of $25,300 respectively, as well as an increase of 1.5 total
workyears.
; The increases reflect the expanding enforcement efforts and the
increasing support needs of the states. A large quantity of new Title III
information generated by the expansion of the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration's hazard communication standard and by lower Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) Section 311/312/313
thresholds will be sent to states and local communities in 1990. The Agency
will develop risk communication and information management guidance to assist
local groups in interpreting and using this new and complex information. The
Agency will also continue to provide technical assistance and training in
emergency plan development and review, table-top and field simulations, and
hazard analysis. Assistance will also be given to Tribal governments to
implement Title III programs on Indian lands. Finally, the framework for the
enforcement program will be in place, and will be an area of increased emphasis
in 1990.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,203,900 supported by 30.5
total workyears, of which $2,291,200 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,912,700 is from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
The Agency provides program direction, regulations, and technical guidance
for the National Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know program.
Current activities include: 1) developing chronic toxicity, flammability, and
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reactivity criteria for the extremely hazardous substance list and undertaking
associated rulemaking; 2) developing and updating guidance for emergency
planning; 3) developing regulations on reporting requirements and guidance on
the organization and use of community right-to-know information; 4) evaluating
trade secret claims; and 5) developing policies and procedures for
implementing the enforcement program.
This is a critical year for the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-
Know program as many state and local governments are moving from planning to
implementation activities in response to a 1989 statutory deadline. Many local
emergency response plans are being completed and are moving into plan
simulation and revision/improvement phase. The Agency provides relevant
guidance, technical assistance, and training to states and priority area
communities in conducting plan simulations and in improving these plans. The
Agency also provides assistance to communities which have yet to meet the
statutory deadlines, in order to expedite their compliance.
A shift from policy development to program implementation is also taking
place in the Title III enforcement program as the Agency is working to finalize
procedures for Title III hearings and to encourage states to begin taking on
their own enforcement cases. To launch the enforcement effort, the Agency is
handling several administrative actions this year, which demonstrate the
procedures of the Title III enforcement program to the states.
The program is continuing to evaluate chemicals against the additional
criteria for the extremely hazardous substances list and is preparing
associated rulemaking where necessary. The Agency is evaluating the SARA
Section 311/312 (community right-to-know) reporting thresholds set in 1987 and,
if needed, will adjust the thresholds and required forms. Also, the Title III
Indian policy will be finalized. The Agency is evaluating trade secret
information and ruling on reporting exemptions resulting from Section 322 trade
secrecy claims. Risk communication assistance is available to states and
priority area communities to assist them in interpreting the information
generated through the Title III reporting processes, in understanding the risk
involved with listed chemicals, and in undertaking planning and other actions
to protect public health and the environment.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $3,617,200 and 22.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,219,100 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, $2,147,800 was from the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation, and $250,300 was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. Additionally, FEMA obligated a total of $4,666,900
from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation for Section 305(a)
training grants to states; a total of $333,000 will carryover into 1989 to
complete the Agency's participation in FEMA's grant program.
In 1988, the Agency promulgated the Title III trade secret regulations and
community right-to-khow requirements. It also delisted extremely hazardous
substances in response to the Section 302 updating and revision provisions of
the Act. A draft Title III Indian policy was developed. Additionally, the
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Agency completed its study of public alert programs and emergency systems for
detecting, monitoring, and preventing releases of extremely hazardous
substances into the environment and submitted the results of this study to
Congress.
In keeping with its support role, the Agency, in cooperation with FEMA
and the Department of Transportation, developed Technical Guidance for Hazards
Analysis, to assist emergency planning efforts of the Local Emergency Planning
Committees. Finally, the Agency held five national information management
workshops and provided technical assistance and training for states and local
governments.
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Enforcement
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
HAZARDOUS WASTE 5-1
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Waste Enforcement 5-41
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Enforcement
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Waste
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$19,399.3 $19,368.5 $19,296.7 $21,563.2 $2,266.5
$20,398.6 $21,100.0 $20,926.7 $21,926.7 $1,000.0
TOTAL $39,797.9 $40,468.5 $40,223.4 $43,489.9 $3,266.5
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abateme-nt Control and
Compliance
Hazardous Waste
Enforcement
$19,399.3 $19,368.5 $19,296.7 $21,563.2 $2,266.5
$20,398.6 $21,100.0 $20,926.7 $21,926.7 .$1,000.0
TOTAL $39,797.9 $40,468.5 $40,223.4 $43,489.9 $3,266.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Waste
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
447.0
447.0
455.2
455.2
452.9
452.9
489.5
489.5
36.6
36.6
Hazardous Waste
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS
476.3
476.3
485.1
485.1
482.8
482.8
489.5
489.5
6.7
6.7
5-41
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $43,489,900 supported by 489.5 workyears
for 1990, increases of $3,266,500 and 6.7 total workyears from 1989. Of the
request, $21,563,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$21,926,700 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $2,266,500 for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and an increase of $1,000,000 for the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation.
HAZARDOUS WASTE ENFORCEMENT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $43,489,900 supported by 489.5 workyears
for this program, of which $21,563,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $21,926,700 will be for the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation. This represents increases of $2,266,500 and
$1,000,000, respectively, and an increase of 6.7 total workyears from 1989.
The increases will support the ongoing workload associated with corrective
action and allow additional capability enhancement and support activities for
the states.
The Agency will develop policies to guide Regional oversight of state
enforcement work, especially state corrective action activities in both
authorized and unauthorized states. The Agency will issue additional guidance
on corrective action implementation and enforcement as the corrective action
program moves from the planning to the implementation phase. Headquarters will
develop guidance on inspections and enforcement strategies for implementation
of multimedia measures for disposal, such as air emissions and special wastes.
Guidance on the enforcement of new regulations on land disposal of the
prohibited wastes as well as a guidance for the detection of illegal disposal
will be revised. Special waste guidance will also be developed. The Agency
will revise and update national program policies on enforcement response and
assessed penalties.
Headquarters will support the Regions to assist the states in developing
the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984 (HSWA) enforcement
authorization. Regions will evaluate state programs to identify effective
legal and organizational structures, implementation problems and strategies, so
that these practices can be systematically shared with other states. The
program will increase emphasis on grant guidelines to ensure a nationally
consistent enforcement program, especially in the area of corrective action.
Corrective action activities will continue at operating and
environmentally significant closing facilities. The Agency will continue to
assess the need for corrective action at facilities seeking operating permits
and to prioritize closing facilities. The Agency will ensure that facilities
requiring corrective action will be addressed by the most appropriate means,
5-42
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whether through the permlt/post-closure process, issuance of consent or
unilateral administrative order, or Superfund authority. The Agency will
continue to promote effective working relationships with owners and operators
to facilitate remedy selection and successful implementation. Headquarters
will develop and offer training to the Regions and the states on the selection
process and criteria, as well as negotiation strategies.
The Agency will continue to ensure that state inspections are conducted
annually at all operating land disposal facilities, and biennially at closed
land disposal and treatment and storage facilities, as required by policy and
statute. Significant generators will be inspected to ensure compliance with
the expanding land ban regulations. The Agency will conduct annual inspections
of state government treatment, storage, and disposal facilities. Facilities
under an administrative order will generally receive a follow-up inspection to
ensure a return to compliance. The Agency will conduct additional inspections
at commercial facilities to ensure that these facilities can manage off-site
Superfund wastes in an environmentally safe manner.
The Agency will coordinate closely with the states to effect a smooth
implementation of the RCRA Information System, which emphasizes automated data
transfer, wide accessibility, and standardized formats among the Regions,
states, and headquarters.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $40,223,400 supported by
482.8 total workyears, of which $19,296,700 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $20,926,700 is from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
The Agency is supporting the implementation of inspection activities and
follow-up enforcement through guidance, training, and program performance
evaluation. It provides technical enforcement support for corrective action
oversight and remedy selection through guidance development and training. The
Agency has revised its enforcement policy to allow the Regions and states to
address the most environmentally significant facilities by a variety of
appropriate means. As the enforcement program matures, headquarters will
focus its efforts on the evaluation and revision of the implementation
strategies and policies.
Compliance monitoring and enforcement actions are being taken against
handlers that present the greatest threat to human health and the environment.
The Agency is ensuring that environmentally significant releases are detected.
The facilities that have urgent problems with releases or are in significant
non-compliance are addressed by administrative and judicial enforcement
actions. Inspections and follow-up enforcement actions for the surface
impoundment retrofit deadline of November 1988 will continue. Federal, state,
and local facilities that store, treat, or dispose of hazardous waste are being
inspected annually as required by HSWA. Inspections of commercial land
disposal and treatment facilities are conducted twice a year to ensure
compliance with the Superfund Off-Site Policy. Through technical enforcement
support and state program evaluations, the Agency ensures that the states take
timely and appropriate enforcement actions. When the states are unwilling or
unable, the Agency initiates enforcement actions. The Agency also brings
enforcement actions for violations of HSWA provisions for which states are not
authorized.
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The corrective action resources support initial assessments, studies, and
corrective action oversight of permitted or permit track facilities as well as
facilities that have been issued an administrative order. Those treatment and
storage facilities that are scheduled to be permitted in 1990 will receive a
Resource Conservation Recovery Act (RCRA) facility assessment in 1989.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $39,797,900 supported by 476.3
total workyears, of which $19,399,300 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and $20,398,600 was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
The Agency strengthened its compliance monitoring and enforcement program
by issuing inspection guidances, by training Regional and state personnel, and
by developing an overall strategy for enhancing the professional development of
inspectors. The Agency issued a revised RCRA enforcement response policy to
increase the ability of EPA and the states to respond to high priority
violators. Coordination with Superfund was improved by the Off-Site Policy and
the attendant proposed rule, by the expanded criteria for listing RCRA sites
on the National Priorities List, and by the administrative record guidance.
Land disposal restrictions, enforcement strategy for solvents/dioxins and
California list wastes, natural gas pipeline enforcement strategy, and the
enforcement strategy for the surface impoundment retrofitting requirements were
developed. The Agency developed manuals for and training on corrective action
orders.
The Agency performed the inspections required by statute and addressed all
but a few of the significant non-compilers with formal enforcement actions.
RCRA Facility ' Assessments were performed to support the incinerator and
treatment and storage permit deadlines and to address significant closing
facilities. In addition, the Agency, using a variety of means, began
prioritizing RCRA facilities for corrective action work. RCRA Facility
Investigations were formally required through imposition of permit conditions
and issuance of administrative orders.
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6. PESTICIDES
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
PESTICIDES 6-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Pesticides Research ' 6-7
Scientific Assessment 6-13
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 6-14
Health Effects 6-15
Environmental Engineering and Technology 6-16
Environmental Processes and Effects 6-17
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Registration, Special Registration and Tolerances . . ". 6-19
Registration, Special Registration and Tolerances 6-21
Special Registration 6-23
Tolerances 6-24
Generic Chemical Review 6-25
Pesticides Program Implementation 6-30
Pesticides Program Implementation 6-31
Pesticides Program Implementation Grants 6-32
ENFORCEMENT '
Pesticides Enforcement 6-34
Pesticides Enforcement 6-35
Pesticides Enforcement Grants 6-36
-------
APPROPRIATION
PESTICIDES
ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
TOTAL, Pesticides
$40,909.1 $42,012.4 $41,619.3 $47,365.0 $5,745.7
$34,625.1 $74,143.1 $73,938.8 $55,329.3 -$18,609.5
$6,804.9 $8,122.8 $7,789.3 $7,530.3 -$259.0
$82,339.1 $124,278.3 $123,347.4 $110,224.6 -$13,122.8
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
770.8 824.0 816.0 853.3 37.3
820.1 831.0 822.8 853.3 30.5
$77,918.8 $107,707.7 $106,905.9 $107,138.7 $232.8
Authorization for the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) expired September 30, 1986. The
FIFRA Amendments of 1988 reauthorized this program at a •
level of $83,000.0 for 1989, and $95,000.0 for 1990.
6-1
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PESTICIDES
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
Pesticides are among the most beneficial and the most hazardous of
substances. Pesticide products provide benefits to society, contributing to
agricultural productivity and controlling human diseases. Yet they are
inherently hazardous since they are specifically formulated to be injurious to
living target organisms, and are deliberately introduced into the environment
for that purpose. The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
(FIFRA), as amended, and sections 402, 406, 408, and 409 of the Federal Food,
Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) give the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
authority to regulate the distribution and use of pesticides in the United
States. The Agency is responsible for ensuring that pesticides perform their
intended functions without unreasonable adverse effects on public health and
the environment. This is a task of enormous scope and complexity. An
estimated 3.5 billion pounds of pesticide active ingredients are used annually
in this country, representing about 1,500 different active ingredients and
40,000 products.
The Agency's 1990 pesticide regulation strategy includes the following
elements: 1) registration of new products and control of pesticide residues in
the food chain, 2) review and reregistration of existing products, 3)
encouragement of correct uses of pesticides, 4) research and development to
support and improve EPA's ability to evaluate the risks and benefits of
pesticides, and 5) the enforcement of pesticide regulations. In 1990, the
Agency will place major emphasis on building Regional/state capabilities in the
emerging areas of protecting ground water, workers occupationally exposed to
pesticides, and endangered species, by increasing the Regional and state roles
in tailored management strategies.and implementation oversight. Emphasis will
also be placed on issuing Second Round Reviews (SRR's - formerly called Final
Regulatory Standards and Tolerance Reassessments) for existing pesticides with
complete data sets, and achieving closure on the reregistration of these
pesticides by revising formulations and labels for the affected end-use
products, as required. The Agency will also continue efforts on storage and
disposal of cancelled and suspended pesticides.
Registration Activities
FIFRA and FFDCA authorize EPA to set the terms and conditions of pesticide
registration, marketing, and use. Under the registration program, new
pesticide products are registered on the basis of data reviewed by Agency
scientists, and current registrations are amended to add new uses and/or new
formulations. Manufacturers are required to conduct a full range of health and
environmental testing before marketing their new products. This testing uses
sophisticated methodology and techniques, enabling the Agency to more
accurately determine the potential for ground-water contamination, residues on
food or feed, worker and applicator exposure, environmental risks, and chronic
and acute health hazards.
The registration program also includes special registration and tolerance-
setting activities. The special registration part of the program will continue
to perform an auxiliary function by permitting certain unregistered pesticide
uses for experimental purposes and to deal with emergency pest situations. It
also provides oversight and guidance to state registration and experimental use
6-2
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permit functions. The tolerance part of the program establishes safe and
enforceable maximum permissible residue levels (or, in some instances,
exemptions from tolerance requirements) for both active and inert pesticide
ingredients in or on raw agricultural commodities and processed foods.
Generic Chemical Review (including Reregistration)
The registrations of the majority of existing pesticide chemicals are
supported by data bases which the Agency has found insufficient by today's
scientific standards to support the required determination of ^no unreasonable
adverse effects." The Generic Chemical Review program is designed to remedy
this by requiring the upgrading of the scientific data base supporting
registrations, reviewing available data about each chemical, and formulating
scientifically based regulatory positions to guide the modification,
cancellation, or reregistration of existing products and the registration of
new products. The major activities which support the Generic Chemical Review
program are as follows:
(1) In 1990, the Agency will undertake a major new initiative to build
Regional and state capabilities to deal with emerging problems of protecting
ground water, workers occupationally exposed to pesticides, and endangered
species. These problems will entail a shift to more site-specific risk
assessments and management decisions, requiring a more active Regional and
state role, and corresponding increases in Regional positions and grants. The
pesticides program will evolve from its historical focus on national licensing
activities to a more balanced Headquarters/Regional/state effort.
(2) Registration Standards provide the basis for the interim reregistration of
existing products and for the registration .of new products containing currently
registered active ingredients. Initially established on the basis of a
thorough review of existing information on each pesticide, the Standards.
identify data gaps which must be filled> and explain the Agency's interim
regulatory position on the use of active ingredients common to large numbers of
pesticide products. In order to have the greatest impact, the program is
initially focusing on the review of the highest volume pesticides and food-use
pesticides.
(3) Second Round Reviews (SRR's) will be a major area of emphasis in 1990.
When all the data required by a Registration Standard have been obtained, the
initial Standard is revised by means of an SRR, which permits the Agency to
reregister the active ingredient. This in turn permits the program to achieve
real world impact through reregistration closure, involving end-use product
formulation and label changes, as required, for all products containing
reregistered active ingredients. Alternatively, review during either initial
Registration Standard development or Second Round Review may result in
initiation of a Special Review.
(4) Special Review is a formal process by which pesticides suspected of
causing unreasonable adverse effects are subjected to intensive risk/benefit
analysis, after which appropriate regulatory action is taken, such as
restricting or prohibiting specific uses of a pesticide. Special Reviews will
continue to be a high priority.
(5) With funds that were appropriated for storage, transportation and
disposal of cancelled and suspended pesticides for the first time in 1988, and
substantially increased in 1989, the Agency will complete final disposal of
ethylene dibromide (EDB) stocks in 1989, and plans to dispose of a significant
6-3
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portion of dinoseb. In 1990, depending on the availability of permitted
facilities and on the results of test burns, the Agency will make significant
progress on disposal of 2,4,5-T/Silvex stocks and any remaining dinoseb stocks.
Pesticides Enforcement
The enforcement provisions of FIFRA are carried out primarily through the
cooperative efforts of the states and territories, under a program of
Federal-state cooperative enforcement agreements established with EPA.
Participating states and territories conduct use inspections, inspect
pesticide-producing establishments, maintain marketplace surveillance, and
inspect dealers and users of restricted-use pesticides. In most instances in
which violations are detected, the states and territories develop and prosecute
enforcement cases as appropriate.' In limited numbers of cases, states and
territories may refer cases to EPA for action. The Agency encourages the states
and territories to design and operate their enforcement programs so as to place
greatest emphasis upon compliance with the use provisions of FIFRA, thereby
producing the greatest environmental benefit. The Agency will continue to
support and manage these cooperative efforts in 1990.
The Agency conducts Federal pesticides compliance monitoring programs in
cases in which states or territories are unable or unwilling to support
comprehensive compliance monitoring programs of their own. Federal programs in
such instances include use investigations, import and export surveillance, and
the preparation and prosecution of enforcement cases. Other activities that
are exclusively the responsibility of the Agency include providing technical
and compliance assistance to the states, the regulated community and the
public, and operating an automated data system which maintains information on
compliance inspections, enforcement actions and pesticide production. In 1990
the Agency's technical and compliance assistance efforts will also emphasize
worker protection, ground-water protection, development of state enforcement
response policies under FIFRA sections 26 and 27, and tracking and enforcement
of compliance with pesticide registration requirements.
Research and Development
The Office of Research and Development (ORD) will continue to support the
Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) by performing research in the areas of test
method development and validation; biomarkers, dosimetry and extrapolation;
exposure monitoring; environmental engineering and technology; environmental
fate and transport; ecology risk assessment; and biotechnology. In addition
biotechnology research will be performed in the health and environmental
processes and effects area. This will include methods development for
detecting, identifying and monitoring biological pesticide agents in mammalian
cells and gene exchange potential.
Consulting Services
Consulting services are utilized by the Agency to support the Scientific
Advisory Panel which, in accordance with section 25(d) of FIFRA, provides
comments, evaluations and recommendations on actions and regulations proposed
by the Agency.
6-4
-------
PESTICIDES
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
1988 1989 1990
Increase*
Decrease-
1990 vs.
1989
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
Special Review Decisions....
New Chemical and Biochemical/
Microbial Agent Reviews....
Old Chemical Reviews.
Amended Registration
Reviews
New Use Reviews.
Emergency Exemption
Reviews
Experimental Use Permit
Reviews
24(c) State Registration
Reviews
Temporary Tolerance
Petition Reviews..,
Tolerance Petition
Reviews
Inert Ingredient
Reviews
Producer Establishment
Inspections a/
Use/Reentry and Experimental
Use Observations a/
Marketplace
Investigations a/
14
Import Inspections a/.
110
456
13
2,070
18,000
4,610
300
13
150
475
60
2,070
18,000
4,000
315
13
3
10
348
,905
,380
457
394
284
892
330
3,850
4,560
300
250
400
475
330
3,850
4,560
300
250
400
475
150
475
60
2,528
19,284
4,000
315
+458
+1,284
6-5
-------
PESTICIDES (continued)
Actual
1988
Current
Estimate
1989
Estimate
1990
Increase*
Decrease -
1990 vs.
1989
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
Applicator License
and Record Inspections,
State Dealer
Record Inspections
Federal Laboratory
Inspections
Test Study Audits,
Registration Standard
Guidance Packages
Established
Second Round Reviews.
Cumulative Outputs
Registration Standard
Guidance Packages
Established
Review of Incoming Studies
on Existing Chemicals
9,992
8,008
65
390
9,990
8,010
47
219
9,990
8,468
60
344
— — —
+458
+13
+125
16
9
183
2,038
15
10
198
2,628
15
10
213
3,218
+15
+590
a/ Includes both Federal and State enforcement activities
6-6
-------
Research and
Development
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
PESTICIDES
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Pesticides Research 6-7
Scientific Assessment 6-13
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 6-14
Health Effects 6-15
Environmental Engineering and Technology 6-16
Environmental Processes and Effects 6-17
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment -
Pesticides
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Pesticides
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Health Effects -
Pesticides
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Pesticides
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Pesticides
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
$415.8
$307.5
$723.3
$391.7
$1,025.6
$1,417.3
$2,021.5
$1,666.4
$3,687.9
$48.5
$790.2
$838.7
$3,032.8
$3,015.2
$6,048.0
$5,910.3
$6,804.9
$439.5
$343.6
$783.1
$424.1
$957.2
$1,381.3
$2,052.6
$1,667.9
$3,720.5
$170.3
$2,112.0
$2,282.3
$3,029.7
$3,042.1
$6,071.8
$6,116.2
$8,122.8
$125.4
$12.0
$137.4
$376.7
$957.2
$1,333.9
$2,045.3
$1,667.9
$3,713.2
$169.8
$2,110.1
$2,279.9
$3,040.5
$3,042.1
$6,082.6
$5,757.7
$7,789.3
$146.5
$146.5
$354.5
$957.2
$1,311.7
$2,331.5
$1,817.9
$4,149.4
$115.8
$1,113.1
$1,228.9
$3,861.8
$3,642.1
$7,503.9
$6,810.1
$7,530.3
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
Pesticides Research TOTAL $12,715.2 $14,239.0 $13,547.0 $14,340.4
$21.1
-$12.0
$9.1
-$22.2
-$22.2
$286.2
$150.0
$436.2
-$54.0
-$997.0
•$1,051.0
$821.3
$600.0
$1,421.3
$1,052.4
-$259.0
$793.4
6-7
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Pesticides
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Pesticides
Health Effects -
Pesticides
Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Pesticides
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Pesticides
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
6.1
6.7
32.7
.8
54.4
100.7
6.7
7.3
38.7
3.0
61.8
117.5
1.7
5.9
38.7
3.0
61.8
111.1
1.5
5.7
39.5
2.0
62.7
111.4
.8
-1.0
.9
.3
Scientific Assessment -
Pesticides
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Pesticides
Health Effects -
Pesticides
Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Pesticides
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Pesticides
TOTAL WORKYEARS
6.5
7.0
36.0
.8
61.7
112.0
6.7
7.3
38.7
3.0
61.8
117.5
1.7
5.9
38.7
3.0
61.8
111.1
1.5
5.7
39.5
2.0
62.7
111.4
.8
-1.0
.9
.3
6-8
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
Principal Outputs by Objective
Objective 1: Develop and Validate Test Methods for FIFRA Studies
1990: o Report on teratological responses in M. Beryllina for
environmental hazard assessment (Environmental Processes)
o Report on immunotoxicology methods development and validation in
the rat (Health)
1989: o Report on short-term predictors of chronic toxicity to pesticides
on crustacean populations (Environmental Processes)
o Assessment of neurotoxicity in workers occupationally exposed to
organophosphorus pesticides: A neurobehavioral and biochemical
study (Health)
1988: o Report on the role of salinity in toxicity of pesticides to
crustaceans (Environmental Processes)
Objective 2: Perform Health Research on Biological Markers. Dosimetry and
Extrapolation
1990: o Report on markers and dosimetry research activity for exposure
monitoring (Monitoring)
1988: o Systems plan for implementation of biomarkers and pharmacokinetics
research program (Monitoring)
Objective 3: Perform Ecological Research Validation
1990: o Report on experimental design studies for aquatic ecosystem
testing (Environmental Processes)
o Report on field censusing techniques for large scale avian field
studies (Environmental Processes)
1989: o Report on field validation of enclosure protocols for evaluating
pesticides in natural waters (Environmental Processes)
1988: o Report on effects of field applications of agricultural pesticides
on estuarine biota (Environmental Processes)
Objective 4: Perform Engineering Research in Support of FIFRA
1990: o Report on the effects of co-firing chlorinated wastes with high
nitrogen compounds on NOx emissions (Engineering)
6-9
-------
o Study results on the combustion effects of sulfur on a bromine
containing waste (Engineering)
1989: o Report on the performance results of a pilot-scale trial burn of
Dinoseb pesticide formulations (Engineering)
o Report on performance result of full-scale incineration
operations of EDB inventory disposal (Engineering)
1988: o Report on field study of the effectiveness of protective clothing
for greenhouse pesticide applicators (Engineering)
o Report on the effectiveness of protective clothing materials for
agricultural pesticide operations (Engineering)
Objective 5: Perform Exposure Monitoring Research
1990: o Report on exposure of field applications of biological agents used
as agricultural pesticides (Monitoring)
1989: o Final report on the Non-Occupational Pesticide Exposure Study
(HOPES) methodology (Monitoring)
1988: o Progress report on completion of the NOPES (Monitoring)
Objective 6: Perform Research on Biotechnology and Microbial and Biochemical
Pest Control Agents
1990: o Report on test methods for BCAs to avians (Environ. Processes)
o Laboratory methods for appraising the safety of a microbial pest
control agent in freshwater systems (Environmental Processes)
1989: o Final report on development of enclosed multispecies systems for
testing effects of microbial pest control agents on estuarine
organislns (Environmental Processes)
o Report on dispersal of BCAs released into the atmosphere
(Environmental Processes)
1988: o Report on the movement and survival of a biological control agent
in two natural systems (Environmental Processes)
Objective 7: Perform Studies on Ecotoxicitv and Develop Environmental Risk
Assessment Protocols
1990: o Users manual for updated TEAM Model (Environmental Processes)
1989: o Final report on biological data base for risk assessment (Env.
Processes)
1988: o Report: Physiochemical factors affecting toxicity:. pH, salinity
and temperature (Environmental Processes)
6-10
-------
Objective 8: Provide Support Services for FIFRA Activities
1989: o Annual report on operation of pesticide repository (Monitoring)
1988: o Report on the spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment
(Monitoring)
6-11
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,340,400 supported by 111.4 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $793,400 and 0.3 total workyears from 1989.
Of the request, $6,810,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $7,530,300 will be for the Research and Development appropriation, an
increase of $1,052,400 and a decrease of $259,000, respectively.
Program Objectives
The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and the
Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act require the regulation of pesticide use to
avoid unreasonable adverse effects to public health and the environment. The
research program improves our understanding of how pesticides interact with
human activities and the environment, to assure that their use minimizes damage
from pests, while maximizing the protection of man's food, health and the
environment.
Objective 1: Develop and Validate Test Methods for FIFRA Studies. This
research effort develops and validates environmental and health test methods
for use by industry to assist them in meeting pesticide registration
requirements and enforcement responsibilities under Sections 3 and 26 of FIFRA.
Objective 2: Perform Health Research on Biological Markers. Dosimetrv.
and Extrapolation. This research effort develops methods for extrapolating
from high to low doses between mammalian species, evaluates dermal penetration
of pesticides and examines structure activity relationships. Biological
markers are evaluated and tested to determine their potential use in exposure
monitoring studies. This information is used by the Agency to evaluate
pesticide data submitted by industry as part of the registration and re-
registration process.
Objective 3: Perform Ecological Research Including Transport. Fate and
Field Validation. This research effort validates laboratory studies by
quantifying pesticide effects through field testing in order to evaluate
mortality, reproduction and recovery potential of fishes, invertebrates, birds
and other organisms. This approach allows comparison between laboratory
studies and actual field results. This research also investigates the movement
of pesticides through the environment in order to determine the eventual
disposition of pesticides in the environment.
Objective 4: Perform Engineering Research in Support of FIFRA. This
research effort provides performance information on protective clothing and
equipment for pesticide loaders, mixers, and applicators to meet the Office of
Pesticides Programs' (OPP) regulatory needs under FIFRA.
Objective 5: Perform Exposure Monitoring Research. This research effort
develops equipment and specialized monitoring protocols and procedures for
6-12
-------
total human exposure monitoring for pesticide exposure to characterize sources
and routes of exposure for national pesticide monitoring efforts.
Objective 6: Perform Research on Biotechnology and Microbial and
Biochemical Pest Control Agents. This research effort evaluates the effects of
microbial and biochemical pest control agents (MBPCAs) and products of
biotechnology on humans and the environment to support registration activities
of OPP.
Objective 7: Perform Studies on Ecotoxicity and Develop Environmental
Risk Assessment Protocols. This research effort provides the means to
determine the risk posed to actual ecosystems by environmental pollutants by
determining critical endpoints and devising mathematical models in order to
predict impacts. This work will provide risk assessment protocols and
guidelines for use in determining potential effects to terrestrial and aquatic
ecosystems.
Objective 8: Provide Support Services for FIFRA Activities. This
activity provides support to risk and exposure assessments by providing
quality assurance materials and reference compounds for pesticide residue
analyses.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1990 Program Request
The Agency•requests a total of $146,500 supported by 1.5 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $21,100 which reflects increased
personnel and support costs. There is a minor decrease of 0.2 in total
workyears which reflects a consolidation of resources for the Regional
Scientists Program within the Interdisciplinary media.
Provide Support Services for FIFRA Activities. The Scientific Assessment
program will continue to prepare and review health risk assessments for cancer,
mutagenicity, adverse reproductive/developmental effects and exposure to
support OPP implementation of FIFRA Section 3 provisions for evaluating risk
from pesticides use. Support will also be provided for laboratory data audits.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $137,400 supported by 1.7
total workyears for this program, of which $125,400 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $12,000 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. The program will continue to prepare and review health risk
assessments and provide support for laboratory data audits.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $723,300 supported by 6.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $415,800 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $307,500 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. In 1988, activities included support for laboratory data
6-13
-------
audits, participation in OPP's hazard evaluation peer review panel which
reviewed over 40 chemicals for regulatory analysis, review of National Cancer
Institute human data on the herbicide 2,4-D, and review of developmental
toxicity data on larvadex and carbaryl.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,311,700 supported by 5.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $354,500 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $957,200 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $22,200 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and no change in the Research and Development
appropriation. There is a decrease of 0.2 total workyears. The decrease in
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and total workyears reflects a small
shift of resources due to the transfer of the operation of the pesticides
repository to the Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Develop and Validate Test Methods for FIFRA Studies. Monitoring methods
and strategies will be developed for determining the effect of agricultural
pesticide usage on the quality of surface and ground water systems. Research
will focus on identifying factors which are critical to ground water
susceptibility.
Perform Health Research on Biological Markers. Dosimetry and
Extrapolation. Biological markers will be tested for their use as sensitive
indicators of exposure. Candidate biological markers will be tested under
control and field conditions to estimate the capability and accuracy of these
measurements compared to conventional approaches.
Perform Exposure Monitoring Research. This research will use statistical
tools, monitoring equipment, protocols and methodologies based on total human
exposure monitoring of pesticides to. assess exposure of lawn and garden
pesticides to infants and toddlers.
Perform Research On Biotechnology and Microbial and Biochemical Pest
Control Agents. Protocols for use in regulatory decision-making concerning
identification, fate and survival of biological agents, including recombinant
and DNA will be developed.
Provide Support Services for FIFRA Activities. Quality assurance
research regarding sample collection and analysis procedures will be
conducted. This will include research on the selection of representative
samples and how to optimize instrument settings for data analysis.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,333,900 supported by 5.9
total workyears for this program, of which $376,700 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $957,200 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. In 1989, a coordinated effort with the health research program
will be continued to identify and test biological markers of exposure to
6-14
-------
priority pesticide chemicals. Monitoring equipment, expertise and staff to
provide protocols and methodologies for total human exposure monitoring for „
pesticides will be provided.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $1,417,300 supported by 7.0
total workyears for this program, of which $391,700 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,025,600 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. An annual report was published for the pesticides and
industrial chemicals repository. The field portion of the Non-Occupational
Pesticide Exposure Study (NOPES) on exposure to common household pesticides was
completed.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,149,400 supported by 39.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,331,500 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,817,900 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $286,200 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $150,000 in the Research and Development
appropriation and 0.8 total workyears. The increases will be used to fund new
research in biotechnology. The workyear decrease reflects a consolidation of
resources for the Regional Scientists Program within the Interdisciplinary
media. •
Develop and Validate Test Methods for FIFRA Studies. Health effects
efforts will develop and refine bioassays for the detection of adverse
developmental, reproductive, mutagenic, carcinogenic, neurotoxic and
immunotoxic effects for use by industry as part of FIFRA Section 3 evaluation
of risks. New projects will include determination of age related
subpopulation neurotoxic sensitivity to pesticides and development of
procedures to determine if the immune system has been compromised.
Perform Health Research on Biological Markers. Dosimetry and
Extrapolation. Research efforts will develop models to assess health risks and
improve methodology for extrapolating results of animal toxicity studies into
risk estimates for humans. Studies will include comparison of in vivo and in
vitro methods for estimating the dermal penetration of pesticides and
potential interaction between alterations in maternal health status and
susceptibility to pesticides exposures. These models will assist in the
evaluation of pesticides data submitted as part of the registration and re-
registration process.
Perform Research on Biotechnology and Microbial and Biochemical Pest
Control Agents. Research in this area will provide methods for detecting,
identifying and monitoring biological pesticide agents in mammalian cells as a
basis for test protocols to support microbial pesticide registration. Research
will be accelerated on new generation pesticides that are produced through
genetic engineering. The results of this research will provide the basis for
validation of Subpart M guidelines for testing microbial pesticides.
6-15
-------
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,713,200 supported by 38.7
total workyears for this program, of which $2,045,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,667,900 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. Data on the effects of microbial and biochemical pest control
agents and genetically engineered pesticides will be provided, methods to
detect adverse alterations in the reproductive processes in animals to allow
for more accurate evaluations of reproductive development and function are
being developed, and research to develop animal models to assess health risks
caused by pesticides is being performed.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $3,687,900 supported by 36.0
total workyears for this program, of which $2,021,500 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $1,666,400 was from the Research and
Development appropriation. Ten reports were provided in the areas of methods
development, biomarkers and biotechnology, including non-cancer endpoints and
the effects of biological agents on mammalian cells for use in regulatory
analysis.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,228,900 supported by 2.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $li5,800 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,113,100 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents decreases of $54,000 and $997,000,
respectively, and a decrease of 1.0 total workyear. This decrease reflects
the completion of a significant portion of research on the destruction/disposal
technologies for indemnified pesticides and the evaluation of protective
clothing for agricultural workers.
Perform Engineering Research in Support of FIFRA. A broad-based
cooperative environmental management program will be initiated for individual
users of pesticides. Brochures, workshops, video tapes and demonstrations
designed to increase user knowledge on the safe use of pesticides will be
developed. Treatment and disposal strategies for classes of pesticides will be
developed and technical assistance for the disposal of currently indemnified
pesticides will continue.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,279,900 supported by 3.0
total workyears for this program, of which $169,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,110,100 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. Engineering research activities are continuing to provide
information on the effectiveness of protective garments for pesticide mixers,
loaders and applicators as well as research on disposal/destruction
technologies for cancelled and suspended pesticides.
6-16
-------
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $838,700 supported by 0.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $48,500 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $790,200 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. A study of pesticide exposure to greenhouse workers using
protective clothing was completed. The data from the study will serve as a
basis for the extension of the agricultural worker protection standards to
greenhouse workers.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,503,900 supported by 62.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,.861,800 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,642,100 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents increases of $821,300 and $600,000,
respectively, and an increase of 0.9 total workyears. The increase in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects increased personnel and support
costs. The workyear increase and the increase in the Research and Development
appropriation will support additional research in biotechnology.
Develop and Validate Test Methods for FIFRA Studies. Research efforts
will develop and validate bioassays and other methodologies for use as
•standardized testing protocols to determine the effects of chemical pesticides
on marine and fresh-water animals. These efforts will provide testing methods
which the Agency can recommend for use by pesticide manufacturers.
Perform Ecological Research Including Transport. Fate and Field
Validation. Research in this area will concentrate on the development and
validation of techniques and models to measure and predict pesticide transport,
degradation, exposure, effects and fate in the environment. The effects of
pesticides on estuarine freshwater and terrestrial (avian) biota will be
investigated. Soil processes, run-off problems, and agricultural practices
will be evaluated for their relationship to ground water pollution. Modeling
and predictive techniques, exposure dosing relationships, sediment toxicity and
hazard assessment criteria will be evaluated in aquatic habitats.
Perform Research on Biotechnology and Microbial and Biochemical Pest
Control Agents. Research in this area will develop and improve testing
protocols for unaltered Microbial Pest Control Agents (MPCAs) and genetically
altered Biological Control Agents (EGAs). Dispersal,, effect and survival of
BCAs will be studied. Research results will support modifications of testing
protocols for Subpart M guidelines used by industry to provide registration
data.
o
Perform Studies on Ecotoxicitv and Develop Environmental Risk Assessment
Protocols. Research in this area will develop methodologies to predict risk to
ecosystems. The development of ecological risk assessment protocols and
guidance for investigating terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems is necessary to
quantify the probability that adverse effects may occur as a result of exposure
6-17
-------
to pesticides and will allow estimation of the significance of such effects in
the environment. Activities will include modeling and determining species
susceptibility, including exposure and uptake of pesticides by birds, fish,
mollusks and other important populations. Physiochemical factors and impacts
of pesticides on different populations will be incorporated into ecological
risk assessments.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,082,600 supported by 61.8
total workyears for this program, of which $3,040,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,042,100 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. This program will develop test methods in support of FIFRA
guidelines, perform research on transport, fate and field validation, and
determine the effects of biological pest control agents and develop risk
assessment techniques.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $6,048,000 supported by 61.7
total workyears for this program, of which $3,032,800 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $3,015,200 was from the Research and
Development appropriation. Eleven major reports were supplied to users and the
public which covered four research areas: test methods; transport/fate/field
validation; biotechnology; and risk assessment.
6-18
-------
Abatement
and Control
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
PESTICIDES 6-1
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Registration, Special Registration and Tolerances 6-19
Registration, Special Registration and Tolerances 6-21
Special Registration 6-23
Tolerances 6-24
Generic Chemical Review 6-25
Pesticides Program Implementation 6-30
Pesticides Program Implementation 6-31
Pesticides Program Implementation Grants . . 6-32
-------
PESTICIDES
Registration, Special Registration & Tolerances
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
Registration, Special
Registration, and
Tolerances
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$8,517.3 $13,726.5 $13,666.2 $14,188.4
$3,233.5 $3,230.0 $3,045.1 $3,016.7'
TOTAL $11,750.8 $16,956.5 $16,711.3 $17,205.1.
Special Registration
Salaries & Expenses
$1,991.1
TOTAL $1,991.1
Tolerances
Salaries & Expenses $2,920.1
TOTAL $2,920.1
$522.2
-$28.4
$493.8
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$13,428.5 $13,726.5 $13,666.2 $14,188.4 $522.2
$3,233.5 $3,230.0 $3,045.1 $3,016.7 -$28.4
Registration, Special TOTAL $16,662.0- $16,956.5 $16,711.3, $17,205.1.
Registration &
Tolerances
$493.8
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Registration, Special
Registration, and
Tolerances
Special Registration
Tolerances
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
155.7
41.3
67.4
264.4
267.2
267.2
265.9.
265.9
265.9
265.9
6-19
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PESTICIDES ;
Registration, Special Registration & Tolerances
i
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Registration, Special
Registration, and
Tolerances
Special Registration
Tolerances
TOTAL WORKYEARS
166.0
43.2
70.6
279.8
267.2
265.9
265.9
267.2
265.9
265.9
6-20
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PESTICIDES
Registration, Special Registration, and Tolerances
Budget Request /
The Agency requests a total of $17,205,100 supported by 265.9 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $493,800 and no change in total workyears
from 1989. Of the request, $14,188,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,016,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, an increase of $522,200 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a decrease of $28,400 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
This request reflects the merger in 1989 of the Registration, Special
Registration, and Tolerance programs into one program.
REGISTRATION. SPECIAL REGISTRATION. AND TOLERANCES
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $17,205,100 supported by 265.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $14,188,400 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,016,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $522,200 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, reflecting increased personnel and support
costs, a decrease of $28,400 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, and no change in total workyears.
In 1990, the Agency expects to conduct 330 reviews of new chemicals and
biochemical/microbial agents, 3,850 reviews of old chemicals, 4,560 amended
registration reviews, 300 new use reviews, and 475 tolerance petition reviews.
Registration reviews will emphasize the impact on ground water and endangered
species. Rapid communication with affected parties and states and other
measures will be continued to minimize processing times and backlogs. Special
emphasis will continue to be placed on the regulatory implications of
genetically engineered, microbial pesticides (GEMP's) and necessary interagency
coordination.
The emphasis on processing of new chemicals and new uses (especially the
first food use of any pesticide) will be continued in 1990. The findings of a
productivity initiative related to old chemicals and amendments will be
implemented but the impact cannot be determined at this time.
Increased emphasis will be given to ground-water protection including
registrant-performed monitoring, more extensive use of environmental fate test
data, geographical restrictions and restricted use classifications. These
measures will help prevent future environmental clean-up problems.
Regional liaison will be improved by working closely with the Regional
pesticide experts and other Regional staff to improve Regional and state
understanding of Headquarters regulatory activities. Regions will be more
routinely involved in consultations on policies affecting their mission,
facilitating enforcement, enhancing public understanding and compliance with
6-21
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EPA policies, and improving oversight of section 18 experimental use permit
reviews and section 24(c) state and local need programs. The burden on
Headquarters resources will be relieved and programs run more effectively by
addressing special problems and Regional and state issues (e.g., container
disposal and ground-water contamination) at the Regional level.
Stringent criteria for granting section 18 exemptions, such as
consideration of progress towards permanent registration and clarification of
"emergency" and "significant economic loss" as criteria used in considering
emergency exemptions, will continue to be applied to avoid circumvention of the
full registration process. Headquarters will continue to work closely with the
Regions to monitor emergency exemptions and state and local needs provisions to
prevent circumvention of registration requirements.
Emphasis will be placed on policies to ensure that tolerances reflect the
most current regulatory status of each active ingredient including revocation
of tolerances on cancelled pesticides and tolerance reassessments in
conjunction with Registration Standard review. The processing of tolerance
petitions will be modified, as required, based on the National Academy of
Sciences (NAS)-Delaney report follow-up decisions. A complete Tolerance
Assessment System (TAS), used to determine estimates of dietary exposure to
pesticide residues, will be available in micro-computer form for use by Agency
officials to improve decision-making and work-flow. Tolerance fees will be
increased to reflect any increase in the General Schedule pay-scale.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $16,711,300 supported by
265.9 total workyears for this program, of which $13,666,200 is from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $3,045,100 is from the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1989, registration reviews are emphasizing new chemicals and new uses
to facilitate the rapid availability of new, potentially safer chemicals which
may replace older, more hazardous ones still in use. The program continues to
promote ground-water protection and worker/applicator safety. The old chemical
and amendment review process is being evaluated to reduce costs and processing
times while ensuring the quality of required reviews. A new .rule on
restricted use classification for ground-water contaminating substances is
planned for publication in 1989.
In 1989, state participation in the Emergency Exemption, Experimental Use
Permit, and State and Local Needs programs is being enhanced through EPA
guidance and close Federal/state cooperation. For experimental use permits,
special emphasis is being placed on the review of products of biotechnology,
which involves special skills and expedited review not required of more
conventional pesticides.
The TAS is being updated and refined for use by Agency risk managers.
Increased emphasis is being placed on evaluating potential risks of inert
ingredients and contaminants. Crop group tolerances continue to be used where
applicable to reduce data requirements and efficiently deal with minor uses. A
strategy for implementing the recommendations in the 1987 NAS report is being
prepared.
6-22
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1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $11,750,800 supported by 166.0
total workyears for this program, of which $8,517,300 was from^the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,233,500 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1988, resources were shifted from old chemical and amended registration
reviews to the Regions through the Pesticide Program Implementation program
(formerly Certification and Training) in order to develop an expert Regional
capability for pesticide regulatory activities. An evaluation of the
productivity of the old chemicals and amendments review process was initiated
to attempt to reduce the cost of these activities while ensuring adequate
quality of required reviews. Any cost reductions achieved through the
productivity initiative will result in increased outputs and shorter delays.
Proposed revisions to the Worker Protection Standards and a final rule for
registration user fees were published in 1988. Registration user fees were
implemented in June 1988 but subsequently superseded by the 1988 amendments to
FIFRA, which established a separate reregistration fee system and suspended the
collection of the registration fee.
Based on the 1987 inerts policy, inerts of toxicological concern are to be
removed from pesticide products and pesticide product labels are to be amended
accordingly. Such inerts that remain in use undergo data call-ins. The
continually updated, computer-based TAS was used for determining estimates of
dietary exposure to pesticide residues. Crop group tolerances continued to be
used where applicable to reduce- data requirements and effectively deal with
minor uses.
SPECIAL REGISTRATION
1990 Program Request
No resources are requested for this program in 1990 due to its
consolidation in 1989 within the new Registration, Special Registration, and
Tolerances program.
1989 Program
In 1989, resources for this program are being consolidated within the new
Registration, Special Registration, and Tolerances program.
o
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $1,991,100 supported by 43.2
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation.
In 1988, the Special Registration program regulated the experimental use,
emergency use, and state registration of pesticides.
6-23
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TOLERANCES
1990 Program Request
/
No resources are requested for tills program in 1990 due to its
consolidation in 1989 within the new Registration, Special Registration, and
Tolerances program.
1989 Program
In 1989, resources for this program are being consolidated within the new
Registration, Special Registration, and Tolerances program.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $2,920,100 supported by 70.6
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation.
In 1988, the Tolerance program established safe pesticide residue levels
on food and feed as required by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
6-24
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PESTICIDES
Generic Chemical Review
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Generic Chemical Review
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$16,442.8 $16,557.7 $16,346.7*' $18,940.6'' $2,593.9
$18,331.9, $58,004.7 $57,985.87 $26,904.7- -$31,081.1
TOTAL $34,774.7 - $74,562.4 $74,332.5, $45,845.3 „ -$28,487.2
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Generic Chemical
Review
$16,442.8 $16,557.7 $16,346.7 $18,940.6 $2,593.9
$18,331.9 $58,004.7 $57,985.8 $26,904.7 -$31,081.1
TOTAL $34,774.7 $74,562.4 $74,332.5 $45,845.3 -$28,487.2
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Generic Chemical Review
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
294.4 319.3 314.3 314.3
294.4 319.3 314.3 314.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Generic Chemical Review
306.9
319.3
314.3
314.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
306.9
319.3
314.3
314.3
6-25
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PESTICIDES
Generic Chemical Review
Budget Request ^
The Agency requests a total of $45,845,300 supported by 314.3 total
workyears for 1990, a decrease of $28,487,200 from 1989. Of the request,
$18,940,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and
$26,90.4,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, an
increase of $2,593,900 and a decrease of $31,081,100 respectively, with no
change in total workyears.
GENERIC CHEMICAL REVIEW
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $45,845,300 supported by 314.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $18,940,600 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, and $26,904,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,593,900 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, a decrease of $31,081,100 in the
Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation and no change in total
workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel
and support costs. The decrease in Abatement, Control, and Compliance reflects
a reduction in need for transportation, storage and disposal funding of
remaining stocks of cancelled and suspended pesticides due to significant
progress that will be achieved using funds appropriated in 1989 for this
purpose.
There will be a new initiative in 1990 to build Regional and state
capabilities in the important areas of protecting ground water, workers
occupationally exposed to pesticides, and endangered species. The Generic
Chemical Review program contains resources for the initiative's Headquarters
national program development and liaison function.
Of the resources requested in 1990 for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, $15,000,000 will be earmarked for transportation,
storage and disposal of cancelled and suspended pesticides. These funds will
allow further progress toward final disposal of 2,4,5-T/Silvex and any
remaining dinoseb stocks. The Agency's responsibility to indemnify holders and
bear the costs of disposal of cancelled and suspended pesticides will continue
in 1990 for chemicals which were suspended and cancelled prior to the 1988
FIFRA amendments.
The program will continue the emphasis, begun in 1988, on issuance of
Second Round Reviews (SRR's, formerly Final Regulatory Standards and Tolerance
Reassessments) with reregistration closure. SRR's are the product of the
updating of Registration Standards when all of the data required by the Data
Call-In and Registration Standards programs are available and reviewed. Ten
SRR's with reregistration closure will be conducted.
The Agency also expects to establish 15 initial Registration Standards in
1990, the same number as in 198:9. Initial standards will be developed for
6-26
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potentially high risk pesticides to provide for the development of
substantially complete data bases for SRR review in future years. The number
of completed SRR's, initial Standards and Special Reviews, may vary according
to the priority of candidates for each type of review.
The Agency will continue to address the complex issues raised by the
National Academy of Sciences (NAS) 1987 study of the Delaney Clause of the
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act^(FFDCA). These issues have potentially
far-reaching effects on the reregistration program.
The Agency will continue efforts to assess the potential for agricultural
pesticides to contaminate the nation's supply of underground drinking water,
including both the degree and likely extent of contamination. 'In addition,
ground-water contamination concerns will be considered in reregistration and
registration reviews. The National Survey of Pesticides in Drinking Water
Wells will be completed in 1990, and the results will be used to refine the
Agency's ground-water strategy.
Review of studies called in during prior years, including studies of
ground-water contamination and chronic health effects, will be continued.
Priority will be given to those studies which meet criteria indicating
potential adverse effects. Remaining studies will be reviewed in the course of
SRR's.
Resources requested for 1990 will enable the completion of 13 Special
Review decisions. Special Reviews will be initiated according to criteria
which reflect actual risk, and will emphasize ground-water considerations,
accelerated decision-making, and increased use of restricted use
classifications to control risk. The number of Special Reviews may vary since
the initiation of Special Reviews is responsive to the identification of
potential risks during the development of Registration Standards and the
receipt of studies from Registration Standards and Data Call-In indicating
potential adverse effects. The outcomes of these activities cannot be
predetermined. If fewer or additional Special Reviews are required, resources
may be shifted between Special Reviews and Registration Standards or SRR's.
Administrative hearings will be held, as required, on regulatory action
proposed by the Agency in the Special Review process.
The results of lab audits will be employed in the Special Review and
Registration processes to assure the validity of health and environmental
effects data used to support pesticide registration actions. Monitoring of
selected pesticide exposure problems and accidental exposure incidents will be
continued in cooperation with various Federal, state and other institutional
sources. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) will be considered in Special
Reviews, on a case-by-case basis, among the full range of potential
risk-reduction measures examined.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $74,332,500 supported by
314.3 total workyears for this program, of which $16,346,700 is from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $57,985,800 is from the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.
Data Call-In (DCI) resources are focusing on call-ins which are low in
cost and have a high potential to encourage registrants to opt for voluntary
cancellation to avoid the cost of providing required data, thereby minimizing
6-27
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the expenditure of Agency resources on chemicals destined for voluntary
cancellation. The DCI program continues to improve the product chemistry data
base necessary to identify inerts, impurities, and contaminants of
toxicological concern in pesticide products.
The reregistration program is continuing a shift to the production of
SRR's, including label and formulation changes on end-use products also known
as "closure." This shift will permit EPA to address complete data bases, and
will result in greater environmental payoffs and greater real world impacts
from the reregistration program. Ten SRR's with closure are planned for 1989.
The Agency expects to establish 15 Registration Standards in 1989. Initial
standards continue to be developed for potentially high risk pesticides, and
provide for the continued development of substantially complete data bases for
SRR review in future years. Registration Standards follow-up is being enhanced
to obtain more complete payoff both from Registration Standards already
developed and from other actions such as the call-in of toxicology and exposure
information for anti-microbials.
The Regions are continuing an effort begun in 1988 to develop an expert
Regional capability to support pesticide regulatory activities, including a
strong focus on ground-water concerns, other geographic-specific environmental
concerns, and Regional monitoring.
Resources continue to be directed to respond to the Delaney Clause issues
highlighted in the National Academy of Sciences report, including a likely
requirement to reassess tolerances for the highest risk and most widely used
pesticides. Thirteen Special Reviews are projected for 1989. Automated
decision support systems, for assessing dietary exposure, are being enhanced to
support this work.
In accordance with the shift in the focus of ground-water initiatives to
the Regions and the states, Headquarters personnel are being utilized to
provide ground-water technical assistance to the Regions. In addition, the
Agency is continuing efforts to assess the potential for agricultural
pesticides to contaminate the nation's supply of underground drinking water,
including both the likely extent and degree of contamination.
In 1989 the focus of disposal efforts is on nearing completion of the
disposal of dinoseb.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $34,774,700 supported by 306.9
total workyears for this program, of which $16,442,800 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $18,331,900 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1988, nine SRR's were conducted, 16 initial Registration Standards were
established, and 14 Special Review decisions were reached. New review
procedures provided for early involvement of all appropriate EPA offices in the
development of regulatory decisions, including Special Reviews.
In 1988, the Data Call-In program continued to develop improvements in the
product chemistry data base necessary to determine inerts, impurities, and
contaminants which are of toxicological concern in pesticide products.
Laboratory data audits were conducted by the Agency or cooperatively with other
6-28
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agencies to ensure the development of high-quality test data on the health and
environmental effects of pesticides.
The Pesticides disposal effort increased considerably in 1988 due to the
requirement of the Agency to accept stocks of suspended and cancelled chemicals
(ethylene dibromide (EDB), 2,4,5-T/Silvex, and dinoseb) for storage and
disposal. Most of the national stocks of EDB were disposed of in 1988 and
approximately half of the 2,4,5-T/Silvex stocks were stored by the Agency.
6-29
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PESTICIDES
Pesticides Program Implementation
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Pesticides Program
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses
$622.1 $910.2 $960.9 $1,966.1 $1,005.2
TOTAL $622.1 $910.2 $960.9 $1,966.1 $1,005.2
Pesticides Program
Implementation - Grants
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$4,015.2 $4,000.0 $4,000.0 $12,500.0 $8,500.0
o
TOTAL $4,015.2 $4,000.0 $4,000.0 $12,500.0 $8,500.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Pesticides Program
Implementation
$622.1 $910.2 $960.9 $1,966.1 $1,005 ,'2
$4,015.2 $4,000.0 $4,000.0 $12,500.0 $8,500.0
TOTAL $4,637.3 $4,910.2 $4,960.9 $14,466.1 $9,505.2
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Pesticides Program
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
13.5
13.5
20.3
20.3
20.3
20.3
44.4
44.4
24.1
24.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Pesticides Program
Implementation
TOTAL WORKYEARS
15.0
15.0
22.4
22.4
22.2
22.2
44.4
44.4
22.2
22.2
6-30
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PESTICIDES
Pesticides Program Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,466,100 supported by 44.4 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $9,505,200 and 22.2 total workyears from
1989. Of the request, $1,966,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $12,500,000 will be for the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation, increases of $1,005,200 and $8,500,000 respectively.
PESTICIDES PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,966,100 supported by 44.4 total
workyears for this program (formerly the Certification and Training program),
all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
represents an increase of $1,005,200 and 22.2 total workyears. The increase
reflects a new initiative to increase Regional and state capabilities in the
areas of protecting ground water, workers occupationally exposed to pesticides,
and endangered species.
Increasing concerns about the pesticide threat to ground water, endangered
species, and workers occupationally exposed to pesticides have necessitated a
fundamental shift in the pesticide program from its traditional, primary focus
on national licensing activities to a more balanced Headquarters/field effort.
Local variations in pesticide programs and in these problem areas require a
strong Federal and state presence. The requested resources will address these
problem areas through the development and dissemination of training materials,
management of special projects, public and private sector initiatives, national
and joint workshops, and oversight and coordination of state efforts. The
program will also expand its support to the development and implementation of
state plans, negotiation and monitoring of state grants, and provision of
technical assistance and outreach programs to the states and the public.
In 1990, the program will also continue to implement the EPA/State FIFRA
Issues Research and Evaluation Group (EPA/SFIREG) recommendations with emphasis
on revising and implementing certification regulations. Initiatives to
implement Federally administered state certification and training (C&T)
programs will be completed. Headquarters staff will direct the development of
training materials on the new training issues of ground water, endangered
species, and worker safety. Updated Integrated Pest Management materials will
be developed in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture
(USDA).
In 1990, emphasis will be placed on overseeing the process of remedying
deficiencies in state pesticides management plans identified through Regional
evaluations and negotiations. The program will also implement rules governing
the sale of restricted use pesticides to non-certified persons. Regional
staff, in conjunction with USDA, will conduct in-depth evaluations of State
Cooperative Extension Service (CES) training programs for applicator
certification and training', and work with USDA/State Extension Service and the
6-31
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states to strengthen existing programs. Regional staff will also continue to
provide technical expertise on specific, issues relating to the use and
application of pesticides.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $960,900 supported by 22.2
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation.
In 1989 the major focus is to implement the recommendations of the
EPA/SFIREG Certification and Training Task Force to upgrade C&T materials. EPA
and USDA are jointly reviewing 30 training programs for private applicators
which will be expanded to commercial applicators in 1991. One tribal plan is
in place and five are under review.
EPA Regional pesticide experts are providing technical expertise on
pesticide issues such as certification and training, application techniques,
toxicity, pesticide disposal, restricted use pesticides, and other topical
pesticide issues.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $622,100 supported by 15.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
In 1988, special project state grants were funded to develop, evaluate and
update training materials. As recommended by EPA/SFIREG, this process will
continue until all materials have been evaluated. Twenty four joint USDA/EPA
reviews of private applicator training programs were completed. In 1988,
follow-up was conducted to ensure that all recommendations were implemented.
PESTICIDES PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION GRANTS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,500,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $8,500,000. The increase reflects a new initiative
to increase Regional and state capabilities beyond their traditional focus on
certification and training of pesticide applicators to deal with the problems
of protecting ground water, workers, and endangered species from pesticides.
These grants were formerly known as Certification and Training Grants.
Increasing concerns about the pesticide threat to ground water, endangered
species, and workers and applicators have necessitated a fundamental shift in
the pesticide program from a primarily licensing activity to a more balanced,
Headquarters/field effort. Local variations in pesticide programs and in these
problem areas require a strong Federal and state presence. State plans are
needed to manage each of these problem areas but states are reluctant to begin
such significant programs without evidence of additional Federal support. The
requested increase will be used to develop and implement site-specific state
regulatory, outreach and management plans coordinated among necessary state
agencies (e.g., agriculture,, health, water, and environment).
6-32
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Funding for certification agreements will help to support 53 applicator
certification programs in participating states and territories and in the
Federally conducted programs in Colorado and Nebraska. EPA will continue its
interagency agreement with USDA to provide training to pesticide applicators by
working through State Cooperative Extension Services. A grant to the
USDA/State Extension Services will help to support the applicator training
programs.
Regional educational packages and special initiatives to meet national and
Regional emerging pesticide issues and critical information gaps will be
developed. Resources will also be used to develop training programs for
non-agricultural applicators to whom training expertise is not currently
available.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,000,000 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This funding is being used to help support 53 delegated certification
programs, 53 delegated training programs, and the Federally conducted programs
in Colorado and Nebraska. The states are updating their programs to address
newly restricted pesticides, changes in technology and new information on the
use and effects of pesticides. The program will support seven to nine C&T
special initiatives to address Regional issues and non-agricultural training
needs (including proper use of restricted use pesticides in lawn care and
within structures, and relating to ground water and disposal procedures). A
steering committee has been established to identify and make accessible
appropriate private sector resources that are currently not being used in C&T.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $4,015,200 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. EPA
helped to support 53 applicator certification programs and 53 training programs
and operated programs in Colorado and Nebraska.
6-33
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Enforcement
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
PESTICIDES 6-1
ENFORCEMENT
Pesticides Enforcement 6-34
Pesticides Enforcement 6-35
Pesticides Enforcement Grants 6-36
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Enforcement
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Pesticides Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Pesticides Enforcement
Grants
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$4,505.4 $4,701.8 $4,887.8 $5,459.8
$108.2 $105.0 $104.5 $104.5
TOTAL $4,613.6 $4,806.8 $4,992.3 $5,564.3
TOTAL
$8,936.3 $8,803.4 $8,803.4 $12,803.4
$8,936.3 $8,803.4 $8,803.4 $12,803.4
$572.0
$572.0
$4,000.0
$4,000.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$4,505.4 $4,701.8 $4,887.8 $5,459.8 $572.0
$9,044.5 $8,908.4 $8,907.9 $12,907.9 $4,000.0
Pesticides Enforcement TOTAL $13,549.9 $13,610.2 $13,795.7 $18,367.7 $4,572.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Pesticides Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
97.8
97.8
99.7
99.7
104.4
104.4
117.3
117.3
12.9
12.9
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Pesticides Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS
106.4
106.4
104.6
104.6
109.3
109.3
117.3
117.3
8.0
8.0
6-34
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PESTICIDES
Pesticides Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $18,367,700 supported by 117.3 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $4,572,000 and 8.0 in total workyears from
1989. Of the request, $5,459,800 will be for the , Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $12,907,900 will be for the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation, increases of $572,000 and $4,000,000, respectively.
PESTICIDES ENFORCEMENT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,564,300 supported by 117.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $5,459,800 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $104,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $572,000 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, no change in the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 8.0 total workyears. The
increase in Salaries and Expenses and workyears reflects the expanded
development of worker protection enforcement requirements in Regional offices.
In 1990, the Pesticides Enforcement program will again concentrate on
state delegation, under cooperative enforcement agreements, in the nationwide
pesticide compliance monitoring program. The Agency will emphasize achieving
compliance with rules governing pesticide use with less emphasis on product
surveillance in the marketplace. Tracking and enforcement of pesticide
registration requirements will be a major component of the pesticide
enforcement program. The states will be responsible for enforcing notices of
intent to suspend product registrations issued under this compliance program.
The Federal role at the Regional level will include oversight and management of
state cooperative agreement programs.
An increase of 8.0 total workyears will allow Regional offices to develop
Federal compliance activities in support of the emerging new worker protection
regulations. With increased resources, the Regions will be able to train
states as to the enforcement provisions and response policies to the final
worker protection rule, supplement and coordinate state compliance activities
focused on worker protection, conduct Regional worker protection-related
inspections, take enforcement actions in this area and develop cases to support
worker protection enforcement actions. The Regions will continue to oversee
the development of state enforcement response policies under sections 26 and
27, and track and follow up on compliance with section 3(c)(2)(B)
cancellations.
Headquarters will provide overall program guidance and management, will
assist in developing new and revised regulation's, and develop compliance
monitoring strategies and enforcement response policies for all such rules.
Headquarters staff will also provide guidance and general oversight of the
Federal/state cooperative enforcement agreement program, and technical and
6-35
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analytical support for Regional activities. Both Headquarters and the Regional
offices are responsible for quality assurance and quality control of all
enforcement data collected by EPA.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,992,300 supported by
109.3 total workyears for this program, of which $4,887,800 is from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $104,500 is from the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1989, the Agency is continuing to emphasize state participation in
pesticide compliance monitoring and enforcement activities through cooperative
enforcement agreements. There are 55 cooperative enforcement agreements with
states and territories and eight additional agreements with Indian Tribes and
tribal organizations. Federal compliance monitoring activities continue in
states without cooperative agreements. Other Federal responsibilities include
import and export surveillance, technical and compliance assistance to the
states and the regulated community, and operation of a computer system
maintaining pesticide producer establishment and production records and other
related enforcement data. Tracking and enforcement of pesticide registration
requirements will continue to be a vital component of the Federal compliance
program.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $4,613,600 supported by 106.4
total workyears for this program, of which $4,505,400 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $108,200 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1988, the Federal compliance monitoring program accomplished the
following: 125 inspections of pesticide producing establishments, 400 dealer
record inspections, 200 use and re-entry inspections, 300 import inspections at
ports of entry, 250 marketplace investigations, and 65 laboratory inspections..
A total of 55 cooperative enforcement agreements were in place with
states and territories, plus another eight agreements with Indian Tribes and
tribal organizations, in 1988. As part of the cooperative agreement program,
the Agency supplemented training for state inspectors, chemists and case
development staff.
In 1988, the final phase of the transfer of functions from the Office of
Pesticide Programs relating to the monitoring and enforcement of pesticide data
registration requirements was concluded.
PESTICIDES ENFORCEMENT GRANTS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,803,400 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $4,000,000. This increase will allow states to
ensure compliance with the new worker protection regulations, expansion of
product cancellation/suspension enforcement activities at user, dealer, and
producer levels, enforcement of new labeling requirements produced by the
6-36
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reregistration process, and adoption of new technology to improve pesticide use
monitoring. State laboratory analytical equipment currently supporting the
cooperative agreement program and enforcement case development is becoming
increasingly outdated and needs to be updated and replaced.
The Agency will continue cooperative enforcement agreements with 55
participating states and territories, and eight agreements with Indian Tribes
and tribal organizations. The cooperative enforcement agreement program
continues to be the primary means for ensuring public and environmental safety
from hazardous pesticides by enforcing the requirements of FIFRA.
States will ensure coordination with all agencies responsible for the
safety of workers occupationally exposed to pesticides, notify prospective
constituents of the provisions of the final rule, and conduct worker
protection-related inspections, incident investigations and legal action. The
inspections will ensure that product labeling includes the new worker
protection statements and will focus on new use-related requirements under the
revised regulations.
In addition to use, dealer record and producer establishment inspections,
states will continue to conduct pesticide marketplace, applicator license and
record inspections, and worker reentry inspections.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,803,400 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1989, the Agency is continuing 55 cooperative enforcement agreements
with states and territories, and eight additional agreements with Indian
Tribes and tribal organizations. These agreements emphasize user compliance
with label directions for proper use and application, as well as manufacturer
adherence to product formulation requirements under FIFRA. Inspections also
address applicator licenses and records, producer establishments, marketplacesf
and pesticide dealers.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $8,936,300 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Under the terms of their cooperative enforcement agreements, 55
participating states and territories, plus eight Indian Tribes and tribal
organizations, conducted 17,800 use, reentry and experimental use inspections,
1,945 inspections of pesticide-producing establishments, 9,992 applicator
license and record inspections, 7,608 dealer record inspections, and 4,360
marketplace investigations.
6-37
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7. RADIATION
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
RADIATION 7-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Radiation Research 7-6
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 7-9
Environmental Engineering and Technology 7-10
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Radiation Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 7-12
Radiation Program Implementation 7-16
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment 7-19
Radon Action Program 7-22
Radon Action Program Implementation 7-26
-------
APPROPRIATION
RADIATION
ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
TOTAL, Radiation.
$10,014.0 $11,225.7 $11,343.3 $12,037.9 694.6
$8,140.5 $9,565.6 $9,423.5 $17,223.5 $7,800.0
$1,509.5 $2,290.7 $2,258.2 $2,561.5 $303.3
$19,664.0 $23,082.0 $23,025.0 $31,822.9 $8,797.9
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
158.3 198.5 196.8 200.2 3.4
170.9 200.9 199.2 200.2 1.0
$16,266.9 $20,192.7 $20,142.3 $30,660.8 $10,518.5
The "Radon Pollution Control Act of 1988" authorizes
$14 million in 1989, 1990, and 1991 plus other general
authorizations for radon activities. All other
authorization except for Research and Development is
by virtue of the Appropriation Act. The Environmental
Research, Development and Demonstration Act expired
September 30, 1981. Reauthorization is pending.
7-1
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RADIATION
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
EPA's mandate to protect the public health and environment from adverse
effects of radiation exposure is derived from several statutes: the Atomic
Energy Act, which provides authority for Federal guidance and general
environmental standards (transferred to EPA by Reorganization Plan #3 of 1970);
the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977, which provide authority to regulate
radioactive air pollutants; the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and the
Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act, which charge EPA with providing
standards for protection from waste materials with radioactive content; the
Indoor Radon Abatement Act (IRAA) of 1988 and the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA), which provide authority for a nationwide program to
address indoor radon. Other authorities are contained in the Nuclear Waste
Policy Act; the Federal Water Pollution Control Act; the Marine Protection,
Research, and Sanctuaries Act; the Safe Drinking Water Act; the Public Health
Service Act; and the National Environmental Policy Act.
»
The statutes prescribe EPA's role in assessing the environment, assessing
technology, setting standards, and conducting research. In some cases,
enforcement responsibilities are vested in other agencies, notably the Nuclear
Regulatory Commission (NRC). In these instances, EPA performs some oversight
functions to ensure that established standards and guidance are followed.
EPA's Radiation Program aims to accomplish four major objectives: (1)
reduce health effects and environmental impacts; (2) assess emerging radiation
problems; (3) maintain a capability to respond to emergencies; and (4) carry
out supporting research.
Reduce adverse health effects and environmental impact from radiation exposure
through a program of standards and guides
Under section 112 of the Clean Air Act, EPA assesses and, when
appropriate, regulates source categories that emit airborne radionuclides. If
regulations are appropriate, the Agency promulgates and implements National
Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs). In 1990 the Agency
will focus on implementing final NESHAPs rules issued in 1989. EPA will
provide implementation guidance to states and Regions, and will work with
states to transfer NESHAPs implementation responsibility to them.
EPA evaluates and regulates various classes of radioactive wastes and
disposal options through a program designed to ensure that waste is disposed in
a manner which is environmentally sound and limits exposures. As part of the
effort to address the problem of radioactive waste disposal, EPA will work
towards promulgating the final low-level radioactive waste standard and will
provide implementation assistance to the Regions and states. In 1990 the
Agency will also continue developing a high-level waste standard, which will
include a background information document and a regulatory impact assessment.
7-2
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In 1990 the Agency will continue its radiofrequency program at a level
sufficient to maintain measurement capabilities, conduct limited field studies,
and disseminate information to the public.
Assess and quantify existing and emerging radiation problems and their
potential impact
Along with increasing use of radioactive materials comes more widespread
knowledge about radiation exposure and the potential for contamination of
environmental pathways. As a consequence, requests for assistance in site
assessments and radiochemical analyses of environmental samples have increased
substantially, particularly from the Federal sector.
One of the most significant radiation problems identified in recent years
is indoor radon. Radon, a naturally occurring radioactive gas, is estimated to
cause between 5,000 and 20,000 lung cancer fatalities annually. In response to
elevated indoor radon levels found in areas such as the Reading Prong region of
Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York; a similar area in North Dakota and
Minnesota; and other parts of the country, the Congress enacted the Indoor
Radon Abatement Act (IRAA) in 1988. Included in the Act is a mandate to set a
long-term national goal of reducing indoor radon concentrations to ambient
levels.
The Radon Action Program, initiated by EPA in 1986, will continue to be
one of the Agency's highest priorities in 1990. The program consists of four
objectives: assessing the problem, carrying out mitigation and prevention
research and applications, developing state and private sector capability, and
developing and disseminating public information and education materials. The
activities, which incorporate functions mandated under IRAA, the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA), and other statutory authority are
parts of an integrated program that relies on a voluntary partnership between
Federal, state, and private sectors. Specific activities include a national
survey of radon in residences, more intensive state surveys, and preparation
for national surveys of radon in schools and workplaces.
In 1990 EPA will begin a three-year Radon State Grant program to help
states develop and implement programs to assess and mitigate radon. In
addition, the Agency will continue the House Evaluation Program (HEP) to
provide the opportunity for state personnel and contractors to learn and
practice the latest techniques in mitigating significant radon problems in
residences. EPA will use regional training centers to help build state and
local capabilities in radon measurement, assessment, and mitigation. The
Agency will also continue its National Radon Measurement Proficiency program to
provide a vehicle for the public to gain information on the capability of
private measurement firms. Beginning in 1990, the Agency will also provide
information on mitigation contractors through the National Radon Mitigation
Contractor Proficiency program.
Maintain a capability to respond to emergencies and to aid development and
testing of state, local, and Federal plans for emergency response
The Agency maintains the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System
(ERAMS) to provide a mechanism for tracking and measuring large atmospheric
7-3
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releases of radioactive materials across the country. The system also
provides continuous information on radiation levels in environmental pathways.
The Agency maintains two emergency response teams in a state of readiness so
that they can be flown to sites where significant radiation releases have
occurred or appear imminent. In 1990 EPA will seek to extend the number of
staff trained to respond to radiation emergencies. The Agency will also
participate in full field exercises scheduled by the Federal -Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA). In addition, the Agency will continue developing a
protective action guide for ingestion pathways and will initiate development
of criteria for accident contamination recovery.
Conduct supporting research
The EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) performs two key
functions in support of the Agency's radiation goals. First, ORD provides data
needed to support the Agency's Radon Action Program. In 1990 ORD will continue
to demonstrate radon mitigation techniques in a variety of residential
structures, in coordination with the Agency's HEP, and will use the results to
publish updated handbooks and technical manuals that detail mitigation
techniques for homeowners and builders. ORD will also expand its current
mitigation demonstration program to address schools with elevated levels of
radon.
Second, to assist laboratories that measure radionuclide emissions, ORD
provides monitoring and quality assurance support, including inter-laboratory
comparison studies. Under an interagency agreement with the Department of
Energy, ORD also provides support in the form of off-site monitoring around
nuclear test sites. Support includes long-term hydrological monitoring, a
human surveillance investigation program, and maintenance of a radiation data
base.
7-4
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RADIATION
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Cumulative Outputs
CURRENT
ACTUAL ESTIMATE ESTIMATE
1988 1989 1990
INCREASE (+)
DECREASE (-)
1990 vs 1989
Regulations:
Proposals
Promulgations.
14
14
-13
-14
Guides:
Proposals.
+1
Final,
-2
Key for Cumulative Outputs:
1988: 1 plume protective action guide (PAG) proposed
1 relocation PAG proposed
1989: 13 NESHAPs proposed
1 Low-level waste standard proposed
1 plume PAG final guide
1 relocation PAG final guide
1990: 1 high-level waste standard proposed
1 PAG proposed (undetermined)
7-5
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Research and
Development
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
RADIATION 7-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Radiation Research 7-6
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 7-9
Environmental Engineering and Technology 7-10
-------
RADIATION
Radiation Research
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Radiation
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology - Radiation
Salaries & Expenses
Research ft Development
TOTAL
$153.1
$153.1
$1,046.4
$1,509.5
$2,555.9
$167.9
$167.9
$1,165.2
$2,290.7
$3,455.9
$167.9
$167.9
$1,160.0
$2,258.2
$3,418.2
$292.3
$292.3
$1,386.4
$2,561.5
$3,947.9
$124.4
$124.4
$226.4
$303.3
$529.7
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
Radiation Research
$1,199.5
$1,509.5
$1,333.1
$2,290.7
$1,327.9
$2,258.2
$1,678.7
$2,561.5
TOTAL $2,709.0 $3,623.8 $3,586.1 $4,240.2
$350.8
$303.3
$654.1
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Radiation
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology - Radiation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
3.1
16.3
19.4
4.7
18.0
22.7
4.7
17.9
22.6
4.7
17.9
22.6
7-6
-------
RADIATION
Radiation Research
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
TOTAL WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Radiation
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology - Radiation
TOTAL WORKYEARS
4.0
16.7
20.7
4.7
18.0
22.7
4.7
17.9
22.6
4.7
17.9
22.6
7-7
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RADIATION
Radiation Research
Principal Outputs by Oblective
Objective 1: Provide Monitoring and Quality Assurance Support to Federal.
State, and Local Laboratories
1990: o Annual report for calendar year 1989 on off-site surveillance
around the Nevada Test Site (Monitoring)
o Annual report on laboratory radionuclide intercomparison studies
(Monitoring)
1989: o Annual report for calendar year 1988 on off-site surveillance
around the Nevada Test Site (Monitoring)
1988: o Annual report for calendar year 1987 on off-site surveillance
around the Nevada Test Site (Monitoring)
o Annual report on laboratory radionuclide intercomparison studies
(Monitoring)
Objective 2: Provide Scientific Data to Support the Radon Action Program
1990: o Second annual national symposium on Radon and Radon Reduction
Technology (Engineering)
o Updated guidance to mitigation professionals, do-it-yourself
homeowners, and state officials on radon mitigation techniques for
existing homes (Engineering)
o Report on initial school mitigation studies (Engineering)
1989: o Update the guidance manual entitled "Radon Resistant Residential
New Construction" (Engineering)
1988: o Manuals on radon reduction techniques for new and existing homes
(Engineering)
o First annual Symposium on Radon and Radon Reduction Technology
(Engineering)
7-8
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RADIATION
Radiation Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,240,200 supported by 22.6 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $654,100 from 1989 and no change in total
workyears. Of the request, $1,678,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,561,500 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation, an increase of $350,800 and $303,300 respectively.
Program Objectives
This research program provides the Office of Radiation Programs (ORP) and
other EPA, Federal, Regional, state and local officials with the scientific
data, methods, assessments and mitigative techniques necessary to determine and
control public exposure to radon and other radioactive materials in the
environment. The following objectives support these goals:
Objective 1. Provide Monitoring and Quality Assurance Support to Federal.
State, and Local Laboratories. This program provides comprehensive
radiological monitoring and surveillance services to meet specific Department
of Energy (DOE) requirements for its nuclear testing programs, especially at
the Nevada Test Site. This work is conducted under a reimbursable arrangement
with DOE. EPA also conducts a radiochemical analytical quality assurance
program which supports Federal, state, and local laboratories making
radioactivity measurements.
Objective 2. Provide Scientific Data to Support the Radon Action Plan.
Under this program, the Office of Research and Development (ORD) conducts
research on, demonstrates and evaluates techniques to prevent and mitigate
exposure to radon gas in existing homes, homes under construction, and school
buildings.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $292,300 supported by 4.7 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $124,400 for increased personnel
and support costs, and no change in total workyears.
Provide Monitoring and Quality Assurance Support to Federal. State, and
Local Laboratories. This research program will provide the data needed by
policy-makers to make decisions regarding the control of public exposure to
radioactive materials. Monitoring support for DOE at the Nevada Test Site and
other test locations will be provided. This support consists of a radiation
safety monitoring program, a long-term hydrological monitoring program, a human
7-9
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surveillance investigation program, and maintenance of the radiation data base.
Technical expertise and guidance will be provided to Regional, state, and
contractor laboratories for radiochemical analyses of environmental samples.
Interlaboratory comparison studies will also be conducted to provide data on
the precision and accuracy of radioactivity measurements in milk, drinking
water, and air.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $167,900 supported by 4.7
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. Monitoring support including routine monitoring in
off-site areas and support during nuclear tests is being provided to the
Department of Energy at the Nevada Test Site and other installations. In
addition, the Agency is conducting a quality assurance program for Regional,
state, and contractor laboratories involved in the radiochemical analyses of
radionuclides in environmental samples.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $153,100 supported by 4.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. Annual reports on the laboratory radionuclide intercomparison
studies and the off-site surveillance program were published.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY '
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,947,900 supported by 17.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,386,400 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,561,500 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents increases of $226,400 and $303,300,
respectively, and no change in total workyears. The increase in funding will
be used for school mitigation research and for increased personnel and support
costs.
Provide Scientific Data' to Support the Radon Action Plan. Exposure to
indoor radon gas poses a significant risk to public health. In order to
address the risks associated with radon and to respond to growing public
concern, the "Radon Gas and Indoor Air quality Research Act of 1986" (SARA
Title IV) and the "Radon Pollution Control Act of 1988" were enacted by
Congress. These acts authorize EPA to conduct a variety of applied research on
indoor radon including demonstrations of techniques to reduce exposure. The
1990 radon research program will carry out this responsibility by demonstrating
and evaluating mitigation techniques in existing homes, evaluating preventive
measures for homes under construction, and evaluating mitigation techniques for
school buildings.
Increased emphasis will be placed on assessing whether radon mitigation
techniques presently used in houses are effective in schools. Specifically,
the Agency will examine the structural, architectural, and ventilation
differences between homes and schools to determine if the unique
7-10
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characteristics of school buildings alter the effectiveness of previously
examined mitigation techniques. The results from the school mitigation program
will be provided to state agencies and local school districts.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,418,200 supported by 17.9
total workyears for this program, of which $1,160,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,258,200 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. Radon reduction techniques are being demonstrated and tested in
existing houses and preventive measures are being evaluated for homes under
construction. Studies are also being conducted in the laboratory to tests
several mitigation techniques. The research program is demonstrating these
techniques for a representative matrix of homes with different initial radon
levels and construction characteristics located in a variety of geological
settings. The results of the research in new homes will be used to update the
manual entitled "Radon Resistant Residential New Construction." In addition,
Agency staff provide technical information to community leaders and
participating homeowners at the demonstration sites.
1988 Accdmplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $2,555,900 supported by 16.7
total workyears for this program, of which $1,046,400 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,509,500 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. Demonstrations of radon mitigation techniques were conducted in
both existing homes and new construction. Technical guidance documents were
produced for both of these areas. The brochure "Radon Reduction Methods: A
Homeowners Guide" continued to be widely reprinted and circulated throughout
the nation.
7-11
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Abatement and
Control
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
RADIATION 7-1
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Radiation Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 7-12
Radiation Program Implementation 7-16
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment 7-19
Radon Action Program 7-22
Radon Action Program Implementation 7-26
-------
RADIATION
Radiation Criteria, Standards & Guidelines
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Radiation Criteria,
Standards & Guidelines
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$3,320.6
$2,960.6
$3,389.6
$2,035.6
$3,372.3
$1,994.4
$3,524.1
$1,794.4
TOTAL $6,281.2 $5,425.2 $5,366.7 $5,318.5
$151.8
•$200.0
-$48.2
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Radiation Criteria, TOTAL
Standards & Guidelines
$3,320.6 $3,389.6 $3,372.3 $3,524.1 $151.8
$2,960.6 $2,035.6 $1,994.4 $1,794.4 -$200.0
$6,281.2 $5,425.2 $5,366.7 $5,318.5 -$48.2
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radiation Criteria,
Standards & Guidelines
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
52.6
52.6
57.9
57.9
56.6
56.6
57.6
57.6
1.0
1.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radiation Criteria,
Standards & Guidelines
TOTAL WORKYEARS
56.7
56.7
57.9
57.9
56.6
56.6
57.6
57.6
1.0
1.0
7-12
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RADIATION
Radiation Criteria, Standards, and Guidelines
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,318,500 supported by 57.6 total
workyears for 1990. Of the request, $3,524,100 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,794,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $151,800 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, a decrease of $200,000 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 1.0 workyear from
1989.
RADIATION CRITERIA. STANDARDS. AND GUIDELINES
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,318,500 supported by 57.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,524,100 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,794,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $151,800 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, a decrease of $200,000 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 1.0 workyear from
1989. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased.personnel and
support costs. The decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects a
shift from the high-level waste program to radiofrequency activities, due to
completed activities.
In 1990 EPA will continue to concentrate on three major program areas:
addressing airborne radionuclides, establishing standards for radioactive waste
management, and developing Federal Guidance. The airborne radionuclides effort
will focus on implementing the final National Emission Standards for Hazardous
Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) rules issued in 1989. The Agency will continue to
pursue transfer of NESHAPs implementation responsibilities to the states and
will provide guidance to those states seeking delegation of authority.
Guidance on implementing the NESHAPs program will also be given to the Regions.
In addition, the Agency will maintain a national data base related to the
implementation program.
As part of the effort to address the problem of radioactive waste
disposal, EPA will work towards promulgation of the final low-level
radioactive waste standard and provide required implementation assistance to
the Regions and states. The Agency will develop a site evaluation model as
well as other user-friendly computer models, and will initiate a study of
naturally and accelerator produced radioactive materials. EPA will also
continue the development of a high-level waste standard required by a court
remand, including the development of a background information document and
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regulatory impact assessment.
The Agency will continue its radiofrequency efforts at a level sufficient
to maintain measurement capabilities, conduct limited field studies, and
disseminate information to the public. Working arrangements have been
established with the Federal Communications Commission, the Department of
Defense, and other agencies. Technical advice, assistance, and oversight will
also be provided.
As part of its nuclear accident response efforts, EPA will continue
development of a protective action guide (PAG) for ingestion pathways and will
initiate development of criteria for accident contamination recovery. The
Agency will conduct a training program to help ensure the uniform application
of the PAGs nationwide in emergency situations.
1989 Program
In 1989 the Agency is allocating a total of $5,366,700 supported by 56.6
total workyears for this program, of which $3,372,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,994,400 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1989 EPA is giving priority to revising the radionuclide NESHAPs in
accordance with the court remand of established standards. Modifications have
been made, as necessary, to respond to the court decision that limits the use
of cost factors in establishing required levels. All standards that were
previously promulgated have been reviewed for compliance with the court order,
and source categories that were determined not to require regulation are being
reexamined to determine the propriety of those decisions. In 1989 a notice of
proposed rulemaking will be published, public hearings conducted, comments
received and considered, and the final rule issued. Agreements with the
Department of Energy and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission will determine
responsibilities for implementation of the standards for facilities under their
respective jurisdictions.
The notice of proposed rulemaking for land disposal of low-level
radioactive waste, including naturally and accelerator produced materials, is
being published following the completion of both the background information
document and environmental impact assessment. Public hearings will be
conducted, and comments received and considered for the final rule. Existing
standards for inactive mill tailings sites under the Uranium Mill Tailings
Radiation Control Act are being augmented with the promulgation of standards
for ground water protection at these sites.
As part of its work toward reproposal of the high-level waste standard
remanded by the court, EPA will continue development of a background
information document and regulatory impact assessment. The Agency will also
continue development of residual radioactivity standards and will complete a
risk assessment and a sensitivity analysis of the on-site pathway code. In
addition, the Agency will initiate an inventory of contaminated sites that will
be completed in 1990.
An electromagnetic strategy will be finalized and a study of a radio tower
will be conducted, followed by a report of findings. The Agency will issue
, 7-14
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PAGs for plume and relocation in the event of a nuclear incident. These PAGs
are being incorporated in the Manual of Protective Actions, used in Federal,
state, and local emergency preparedness plans in the event of a domestic or
foreign radiation incident. Work on the protective action guide for ingestion
(food and water) will continue.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988 the Agency obligated $6,281,200 and 56.7 total workyears for this
program, of which $3,320,600 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $2,960,600 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In support of the NESHAPs rulemaking, information was compiled for source
categories, sampling was conducted at selected facilities, and site specific
categories were determined. Guidance was provided to the Regions on NESHAPs
implementation, inspection, and enforcement. A total of 120 requests for
review, acceptance, extensions, and exemptions to the radionuclide NESHAPs
standard were completed.
Proposed rules for the low-level waste standard were submitted to the
Office of Management and Budget for review and comment, and testimony regarding
the high-level waste standard provided to the Congress. Analysis necessary to
develop environmental standards for residual radioactivity at decommissioned
nuclear facilities continued. Development of standards for inactive uranium
mill tailings sites, as well as development of radiofrequency guidance,
proceeded. Plume and relocation PAG development was completed.
7-15
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RADIATION
Radiation Program Implementation
ACTUAL
1988
PROGRAM
Radiation Program
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses $409.5
TOTAL $409 . 5
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $409.5
Radiation Program TOTAL $409.5
ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$341.7 $358.7 $369.9
$341.7 $358.7 $369.9
$341.7 $358.7 $369.9
$341.7 $358.7 $369.9
$11.2
$11.2
$11.2
$11.2
Implementation
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radiation Program
Implementation
7.1
6.0
6.0
7.0
1.0
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
7.1
6.0
6.0
7.0
1.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radiation Program
Implementation
TOTAL WORKYEARS
8.2
8.2
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7-16
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RADIATION
Radiation Program Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $369,900 supported by 7.0 total workyears
for 1990, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $11,200 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and no change in total workyears from 1989.
RADIATION PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $369,900 supported by 7.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $11,200 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and no change in total workyears from 1989. The
increase reflects increased personnel and support costs.
In 1990 Regional Offices will participate fully in all aspects of the
implementation program for sources covered by NESHAPs for airborne
radionuclides from emission sources within their geographic boundaries. The
testing and evaluation of state emergency response plans will continue to be an
important element of Regional operations, along with review of updated plans.
EPA assists states in the development of radiological emergency response plans
and formally reviews these plans along with other Federal agencies under the
coordination of the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Also, the Regions
will remain involved with state agencies and the public in presenting and
interpreting Agency information and guidance regarding radiation problems in
their area.
Regional Offices will continue to participate in identification and
assessment of hazardous waste sites that are contaminated with radioactivity,
and will serve as coordination points for remedial action programs for sites in
their Regions. This effort supports both the EPA Headquarters hazardous waste
programs and the requests from the states. The Regions will continue to be the
primary reviewers of environmental impact statements for radiation facilities,
such as commercial nuclear power plants, uranium mines and mills, and
radioactive waste disposal facilities. They will also respond to special
problems involving actual or potential radiation releases or exposures.
1989 Program
In 1989 the Agency is allocating a total of $358,700 supported by 7.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
7-17
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Expenses appropriation.
In 1989 the Regional radiation program is continuing to focus on
emergency preparedness and technical assistance to states. Activities
include: participation in Regional Assistance Committees, testing and
evaluation of emergency response plans, and review of updated state and local
emergency response plans. Regional Offices are reviewing requests for
construction permits, modifications to facilities, and other requirements
associated with the airborne radionuclides NESHAPs. The Regional staff is
also providing coordination necessary where the national program is directly
involved in implementation of the radionuclide NESHAPs in areas such as
waivers, exemptions, and alternate requirements. Regional programs continue to
be involved in the characterization of hazardous waste sites subject to
possible remedial action. This includes staff participation as on-site
radiation consultants in addressing problems at sites that are on the
Superfund National Priority List. The Regions are continuing as the primary
reviewer of environmental impact statements for radiation facilities, such as
uranium mills and mines, and radioactive waste disposal facilities.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of $409,500 supported by 8.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
In 1988 emergency preparedness and technical assistance to the states and
other EPA Regional programs remained a central focus of the Regional radiation
program. Regional Offices also reviewed requests for construction permits and
requests for exemptions for facilities covered by airborne radionuclide
NESHAPs. They continued to review environmental impact statements for
radiation facilities, such as uranium mills and mines, and radioactive waste
disposal sites. They also continued to be involved with the characterization
of hazardous waste sites, and provided technical assistance and advice to the
Superfund program on actual or possible remedial actions.
7-18
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RADIATION
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Radiation Environmental
Impact Assessment
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$2,885.6 $2,991.0 $3,119.1 $3,200.7
$250.3 $30.3 $30.3 $30.3
TOTAL $3,135.9 $3,021.3 $3,149.4 $3,231.0
$81.6
$81.6
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Radiation
Environmental Impact
Assessment
$2,885.6 $2,991.0 $3,119.1 $3,200.7
$250.3 $30.3 $30.3 $30.3
TOTAL $3,135.9 .$3,021.3 $3,149.4 $3,231.0
$81.6
$81.6
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radiation Environmental
Impact Assessment
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
43.5
43.5
51.0
51.0
51.0
51.0
51.0
96.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radiation Environmental
Impact Assessment
TOTAL WORKYEARS
47.4
47.4
51.0
51.0
51.0
51.0
51.0
51.0
7-19
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RADIATION
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,231,000 supported by 51.0 total
workyears for 1990. Of the request, $3,200,700 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $30,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $81,600 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and no change in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation or in total workyears.
RADIATION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,231,000 supported by 51.0 total
workyears of which $3,200,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $30,300 will be for Abatement Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $81,600 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and no change the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation or in total workyears. The increase reflects increased personnel
and support costs. .
In L990 EPA will continue to support development, implementation, and
enforcement of standards under the Clean Air Act, the Atomic Energy Act, and
other statutory authorities. This will include support for implementing
NESHAPs for airborne radionuclides, and may include collecting and analyzing
air samples from facilities to verify compliance with existing standards.
Analysis of data obtained through field data collection from the Idaho survey
will facilitate a decision on what additional steps should be taken.
EPA will continue to maintain emergency response capabilities at two field
locations, and will also participate in field exercises scheduled by FEMA. In
addition, EPA will extend training for nuclear accident responses to the
radiation staff beyond the core group who normally participate in tests and
exercises of the existing Federal emergency response plans. The 268 stations
of the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS), which collect
and analyze samples of air, precipitation, and milk to help determine ambient
radiation levels, will continue in full operation.
EPA will continue to provide limited support to states, other Federal
agencies, and other parts of EPA in the form of radiochemical analyses,
technical assistance, and participation in the Conference of Radiation Control
Program Directors. The Agency will make available reports of radiation levels
in naval harbors surveyed at the request of the Navy.
7-20
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1989 Program
In 1989 the Agency is allocating a total of $3,149,400 supported by 51.0
total workyears for this program, of which $3,119,100 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $30,300 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1989 EPA is continuing laboratory and technical support for regulation
and guidance development. Collection of environmental information related to
the proposal of regulations for residual radioactivity at decommissioned
nuclear facilities is also continuing. Environmental assessments in harbors
servicing nuclear-powered vessels are being provided, in accordance with an
Interagency Agreement with the Navy. A similar arrangement with the Federal
Communications Commission provides for measurement of radiofrequency levels in
specific locations of interest or concern.
Other activities in 1989 include: maintenance of an emergency response
capability, coordination of EPA Regional Office review and testing of state
emergency response plans, assistance to other EPA offices and to state
radiological programs, and operation of ERAMS.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of $3,135,900 supported by 47.4 total
workyears for this program of which $2,885,600 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $250,300 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1988 EPA continued laboratory and technical support of regulation and
guidance development. Program activities also included the maintenance of an
emergency response capability, participation in a full field exercise of the
Federal Radiation Emergency Response Plan, coordination of EPA Regional Office
review and testing of state emergency response plans, assistance to other EPA
offices and to state radiological programs, and operation of ERAMS. Ocean
disposal support activities continued for the development of technical criteria
in support of the Agency's ocean disposal regulation, which will cover low
level radioactive waste.
7-21
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RADIATION
Radon Action Program
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Radon Action Program
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$1,562.9 $2,515.8 $2,542.4 $2,614.9
$4,899.6 $7,499.7 $7,398.8 $15,398.8
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$1,562.9 $2,515.8
$4,899.6 $7,499.7
$72.5
$8,000.0
TOTAL $6,462.5 $10,015.5 $9,941.2 $18,013.7 $8,072.5
$2,542.4 $2,614.9 $72.5
$7,398.8 $15,398.8 $8,000.0
Radon Action Program TOTAL $6,462.5 $10,015.5 $9,941.2 $18,013.7 $8,072.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radon Action Program
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
23.7
23.7
45.3
45.3
45.3
45.3
45.3
45.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radon Action Program
TOTAL WORKYEARS
24.5
24.5
45.3
45.3
45.3
45.3
45.3
45.3
7-22
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RADIATION
Radon Action Program
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $18,013,700 supported by 45.3 total workyears
for 1990, an increase of $8,072,500 and no change in total workyears from 1989.
Of the request, $2,614,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $15,398,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $72,500 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $8,000,000 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and no change in total workyears.
RADON ACTION PROGRAM
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $18,013,700 supported by 45.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,614,900 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $15,398,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $72,500 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $8,000,000 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and no change in total
workyears. The increases reflect the increase in personnel and support costs
and the establishment of a state grant program.
In 1990 EPA will continue to conduct a comprehensive Radon Action Program
to address and reduce the health impacts of radon exposure. Specific
activities will include the completion of the field operation and data
collection phase of the national survey of radon in residences, continuation of
the House Evaluation Program (HEP), and the development of protocols for
measuring radon in schools. EPA will also continue to provide technical
assistance to individual states in the design and execution of state-wide
surveys, including the collection of screening measurements in homes and the
presentation of analyses of potentially high-risk radon areas to the public.
For the first time, EPA will issue grants to states to assist them in the
development and implementation of programs to assess and mitigate radon. State
programs funded through these Federal grants will include activities such as
carrying out radon surveys; establishment of radon assessment, mitigation, and
control programs; development of public information and educational materials;
development of data storage and management systems; operation of radon
hotlines; and the purchase of analytical equipment.
EPA will continue the National Radon Measurement Proficiency (RMP)
Program, which evaluates the capability of firms to accurately measure radon
levels. The Agency will make information about the proficiency of individual
7-23
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firms available to the public through state radiation offices. In addition,
EPA will initiate the National Radon Mitigation Contractor Proficiency (RMCP)
Program to evaluate the capability of firms to mitigate radon.
In 1990 additional Regional training centers will be selected and
established through cooperative agreements. In addition to training offered at
the centers, five sessions of the Radon Diagnostician and Mitigation Training
course will be conducted in 1990.
1989 Program
In 1989 the Agency is allocating a total of $9,941,200 supported by 45.3
total workyears for this program, of which $2,542,400 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,398,800 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1989 EPA is continuing to implement a comprehensive Radon Action
Program to minimize the health risks of radon through partnerships with states.
Specific activities include continuing field work and data collection efforts
associated with the national survey of radon in residences, providing interim
protocols needed to carry out a national survey of radon levels in schools, and
developing standardized protocols for soil gas measurements and for measuring
radon levels in workplaces. In addition, EPA is incorporating new technology
into the HEP and evaluating and designing mitigation schemes for 20 homes in
that program. The Agency is also providing direct technical assistance to
states, including assisting eight states in designing and conducting intensive
state-wide surveys.
In 1989 EPA is continuing to conduct the national RMP Program. The Agency
is also developing a mitigation contractor proficiency program to evaluate
radon mitigation firms and provide information to the public on the capability
of firms working in the radon mitigation field.
The Agency is developing criteria for the selection of Regional training
centers, establishing guidelines for their operation, and issuing cooperative
agreements to establish three centers in 1989. The Agency is also updating the
Radon Diagnostician and Mitigation Training Course and plans to conduct seven
sessions of the updated three-day course in 1989.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of $6,462,500 supported by 24.5 total
workyears, of which $1,562,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $4,899,600 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
EPA continued implementation of the Radon Action Program in 1988 through
initiation of a national survey of radon levels in residences and development
of protocols for soil gas and radon in schools measurements. In addition, the
Agency began incorporating new technology into the HEP and evaluated and
designed mitigation schemes for ten homes in the program. The Agency provided
technical assistance to states and seven states completed surveys with design
and analytic support from EPA.
The National RMP Program was continued and another round of evaluations was
7-24
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completed. Eight sessions of the Radon Diagnostician and Mitigation Training
Course were conducted. EPA also distributed an interim guide and technical
guidance on radon reduction in new construction.
7-25
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RADIATION
Radon Action Program Implementation
ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED CURRENT
1989 ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Radon Action Program
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
$635.9
$30.0
$665.9
$635.9
$30.0
$654.5 $622.9
$654.5 $622.9
$654.5 $622.9
$649.6
$649.6
$649.6
$26.7
$26.7
$26.7
Compliance
Radon Action Program
Implementation
TOTAL $665.9 $654.5 $622.9 $649.6
$26.7
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radon Action Program
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
12.0
12.0
15.6
15.6
15.3
15.3
16.7
16.7
1.4
1.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radon "Action Program
Implementation
TOTAL WORKYEARS
13.4
13.4
17.0
17.0
16.7
16.7
16.7
16.7
7-26
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RADIATION
Radon Action Program Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $649,600 supported by 16.7 total workyears
for 1990, an increase $26,700 and no change in total workyears from 1989. All
of the request will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
represents an increase of $26,700 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and no change in total workyears from 1989.
RADON ACTION PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $649,600 supported by 16.7 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
approprition. This represents an increase of $26,700 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and no change in total workyears from 1989. The
increase reflects increased personnel and support costs.
In 1990, the Regional Offices will continue to support implementation of
the Radon .Action Program by coordinating radon activities at the state and
local level. Regions will oversee implementation of the Agency's new radon
state grant program. Additionally, six to eight states will be assisted in the
design and execution of state-wide radon surveys. Screening measurements will
be collected in 15,000 to 20,000 homes and the Regions will assist in making
the results available to the public.
The Regions will also continue participation in the House Evaluation Program
(HEP), with an assessment of approximately twenty homes in ten states. The
Regions will continue to support development of state and local radon
capabilities by overseeing the operation of Regional training centers and by
arranging five presentations of the Radon Diagnostic and Mitigation Training
Course at selected locations. The Regions will also assist the states in their
efforts to conduct the course independently.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $622,900 supported by 16.7
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation.
In 1989, Regional Offices are continuing to assist and coordinate
activities to support the implementation of the radon program by providing
direct support to the states in the development of state capabilities. This
includes assistance in developing state survey designs, review of state plans
7-27
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for participation in the national assessment of indoor radon, assistance in the
development of state radon capabilities, participation in the HEP, and
technical advice and assistance to state and local governments.
The Regions are assisting in the selection of sites for Regional training
centers and will oversee these centers when they become operational. Regional
Offices are also participating in the presentation of the Radon Diagnostic and
Mitigation Training Course. Support to states is being provided as needed to
deal with the most critical radon problems as they are discovered. The Regions
are also continuing to act as distribution points for public information
materials and are involved in radon public awareness activities.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $665,900 supported by 13.4 total
workyears, of which $635,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $30,000 was from the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1988, the Regional Offices supported the Radon Action Program by
providing technical assistance to states in their efforts to develop programs
to address exposure to indoor radon. Regional efforts included developing
state survey designs, reviewing state plans for participation in the national
assessment of indoor radon, assisting in the development of state radon
capabilities, participation in the HEP, assistance in the presentation of the
Radon Diagnostic and Mitigation Training Course, and providing technical
assistance to state and local governments. The Regions also conducted
outreach programs to the public and local agencies as part of a continuing
radon educational program.
7-28
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
RADIATION 7-1
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Radiation Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 7-12
Radiation Program Implementation 7-16
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment 7-19
Radon Action Program 7-22
Radon Action Program Implementation 7-26
-------
RADIATION
Radiation Criteria, Standards & Guidelines
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Radiation Criteria,
Standards & Guidelines
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$3,320.6
$2,960.6
$3,389.6
$2,035.6
$3,372.3
$1,994.4
$3,524.1
$1,794.4
TOTAL $6,281.2 $5,425.2 $5,366.7 $5,318.5
$151.8
•$200.0
-$48.2
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Radiation Criteria, TOTAL
Standards & Guidelines
$3,320.6 $3,389.6 $3,372.3 $3,524.1 $151.8
$2,960.6 $2,035.6 $1,994.4 $1,794.4 -$200.0
$6,281.2 $5,425.2 $5,366.7 $5,318.5 -$48.2
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radiation Criteria,
Standards & Guidelines
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
52.6
52.6
57.9
57.9
56.6
56.6
57.6
57.6
1.0
1.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radiation Criteria,
Standards & Guidelines
56.7
57.9
56.6
57.6
1.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
56.7
57.9
56.6
57.6
1.0
7-12
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RADIATION
Radiation Criteria, Standards, and Guidelines
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,318,500 supported by 57.6 total
workyears for 1990. Of the request, $3,524,100 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,794,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $151,800 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, a decrease of $200,000 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 1.0 workyear from
1989.
RADIATION CRITERIA. STANDARDS. AND GUIDELINES
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,318,500 supported by 57.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,524,100 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,794,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an -increase of $151,800 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, a decrease of $200,000 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, and . an increase of 1.0 workyear from
1989. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and
support costs. The decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects a
shift from the high-level waste program to radiofrequency activities, due to
completed activities.
In 1990 EPA will continue to concentrate on three major program areas:
addressing airborne radionuclides, establishing standards for radioactive waste
management, and developing Federal Guidance. The airborne radionuclides effort
will focus on implementing the final National Emission Standards for Hazardous
Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) rules issued in 1989. The Agency will continue to
pursue transfer of NESHAPs implementation responsibilities to the states and
will provide guidance to those states seeking delegation of authority.
Guidance on implementing the NESHAPs program will also be given to the Regions.
In addition, the Agency will maintain a national data base related to the
implementation program.
As part of the effort to address the problem of radioactive waste
disposal, EPA will work towards promulgation of the final low-level
radioactive waste standard and provide required implementation assistance to
the Regions and states. The Agency will develop a site evaluation model as
well as other user-friendly computer models, and will initiate a study of
naturally and accelerator produced radioactive materials. EPA will also
continue the development of a high-level waste standard required by a court
remand, including the development of a background information document and
7-13
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regulatory impact assessment.
The Agency will continue its radiofrequency efforts at a level sufficient
to maintain measurement capabilities, conduct limited field studies, and
disseminate information to the public. Working arrangements have been
established with the Federal Communications Commission, the Department of
Defense, and other agencies. Technical advice, assistance, and oversight will
also be provided.
As part of its nuclear accident response efforts, EPA will continue
development of a protective action guide (PAG) for ingestion pathways and will
initiate development of criteria for accident contamination recovery. The
Agency will conduct a training program to help ensure the uniform application
of the PAGs nationwide in emergency situations.
1989 Program
In 1989 the Agency is allocating a total of $5,366,700 supported by 56.6
total workyears for this program, of which $3,372,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,994,400 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1989 EPA is giving priority to revising the radionuclide NESHAPs in
accordance with the court remand of established standards. Modifications have
been made, as necessary, to respond to the court decision that limits the use
of cost factors iti establishing required levels. All standards that were
previously promulgated have been reviewed for compliance with the court order,
and source categories that were determined not to require regulation are being
reexamined to determine the propriety of those decisions. In 1989 a notice of
proposed rulemaking will be published, public hearings conducted, comments
received and considered, and the final rule issued. Agreements with the
Department of Energy and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission will determine
responsibilities for implementation of the standards for facilities under their
respective jurisdictions.
The notice of proposed rulemaking for land disposal of low-level
radioactive waste, including naturally and accelerator produced materials, is
being published following the completion of both the background information
document and environmental impact assessment. Public hearings will be
conducted, and comments received and considered for the final rule. Existing
standards for inactive mill tailings sites under the Uranium Mill Tailings
Radiation Control Act are being augmented with the promulgation of standards
for ground water protection at these sites.
As part of its work toward reproposal of the high-level waste standard
remanded by the court, EPA will continue development of a background
information document and regulatory impact assessment. The Agency will also
continue development of residual radioactivity standards and will complete a
risk assessment and a sensitivity analysis of the on-site pathway code. In
addition, the Agency will initiate an inventory of contaminated sites that will
be completed in 1990.
An electromagnetic strategy will be finalized and a study of a radio tower
will be conducted, followed by a report of findings. The Agency will issue
7-14
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PAGs for plume and relocation in the event of a nuclear incident. These PAGs
are being incorporated in the Manual of Protective Actions, used in Federal,
state, and local emergency preparedness plans in the event of a domestic or
foreign radiation incident. Work on the protective action guide for ingestion
(food and water) will continue.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988 the Agency obligated $6,281,200 and 56.7 total workyears for this
program, of which $3,320,600 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $2,960,600 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In support of the NESHAPs rulemaking, information was compiled for source
categories, sampling was conducted at selected facilities, and site specific
categories were determined. Guidance was provided to the Regions on NESHAPs
implementation, inspection, and enforcement. A total of 120 requests for
review, acceptance, extensions, and exemptions to the radionuclide NESHAPs
standard were completed.
Proposed rules for the low-level waste standard were submitted to the
Office of Management and Budget for review and comment, and testimony regarding
the high-level waste standard provided to the Congress. Analysis necessary to
develop environmental standards for residual radioactivity at decommissioned
nuclear facilities continued. Development of standards for inactive uranium
mill tailings sites, as well as development of radiofrequency guidance,
proceeded. Plume and relocation PAG development was completed.
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RADIATION
Radiation Program Implementation
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Radiation Program
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses $409.5 $341.7 $358.7 $369.9
TOTAL $409.5 $341.7 $358.7 $369.9
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $409.5 $341.7 $358.7 $369.9
Radiation Program TOTAL $409.5 $341.7 $358.7 $369.9
$11.2
$11.2
$11.2
$11.2
Implementation
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radiation Program
Implementation
7.1
6.0
6.0
7.0
1.0
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
7.1
6.0
6.0
7.0
1.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radiation Program
Implementation
TOTAL WORKYEARS
8.2
8.2
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7-16
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RADIATION
Radiation Program Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $369,900 supported by 7.0 total workyears
for 1990, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $11,200 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and no change in total workyears from 1989.
RADIATION PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $369,900 supported by 7.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $11,200 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and no change in total workyears from 1989. The
increase reflects increased personnel and support costs.
In 1990 Regional Offices will participate fully in all aspects of the
implementation program for sources covered by NESHAPs for airborne
radionuclides from emission sources within their geographic boundaries. The
testing and evaluation of state emergency response plans will continue to be an
important element of Regional operations, along with review of updated plans.
EPA assists states in the development of radiological emergency response plans
and formally reviews these plans along with other Federal agencies under the
coordination of the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Also, the Regions
will remain involved with state agencies and the public in presenting and
interpreting Agency information and guidance regarding radiation problems in
their area.
Regional Offices will continue to participate in identification and
assessment of hazardous waste sites that are contaminated with radioactivity,
and will serve as coordination points for remedial action programs for sites in
their Regions. This effort supports both the EPA Headquarters hazardous waste
programs and the requests from the states. The Regions will continue to be the
primary reviewers of environmental impact .statements for radiation facilities,
such as commercial nuclear power plants, uranium mines and mills, and
radioactive waste disposal facilities. They will also respond to special
problems involving actual or potential radiation releases or exposures.
1989 Program
In 1989 the Agency is allocating a total of $358,700 supported by 7.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
7-17
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Expenses appropriation.
In 1989 the Regional radiation program is continuing to focus on
emergency preparedness and technical assistance to states. Activities
include: participation in Regional Assistance Committees, testing and
evaluation of emergency response plans, and review of updated state and local
emergency response plans. Regional Offices are reviewing requests for
construction permits, modifications to facilities, and other requirements
associated with the airborne radionuclides NESHAPs. The Regional staff is
also providing coordination necessary where the national program is directly
involved in implementation of the radionuclide NESHAPs in areas such as
waivers, exemptions, and alternate requirements. Regional programs continue to
be involved in the characterization of hazardous waste sites subject to
possible remedial action. This includes staff participation as on-site
radiation consultants in addressing problems at sites that are on the
Superfund National Priority List. The Regions are continuing as the primary
reviewer of environmental impact statements for radiation facilities, such as
uranium mills and mines, and radioactive waste disposal facilities.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of $409,500 supported by 8.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
In 1988 emergency preparedness and technical assistance to the states and
other EPA Regional programs remained a central focus of the Regional radiation
program. Regional Offices also reviewed requests for construction permits and
requests for exemptions for facilities covered by airborne radionuclide
NESHAPs. They continued to review environmental impact statements for
radiation facilities, such as uranium mills and mines, and radioactive waste
disposal sites. They also continued to be involved with the characterization
of hazardous waste sites, and provided technical assistance and advice to the
Superfund program on actual or possible remedial actions.
7-18
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RADIATION
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Radiation Environmental
Impact Assessment
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$2,885.6 $2,991.0 $3,119.1 $3,200.7
$250.3 $30.3 $30.3 $30.3
TOTAL $3,135.9 $3,021.3 $3,149.4 $3,231.0
$81.6
$81.6
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Radiation
Environmental Impact
Assessment
$2,885.6 $2,991.0 $3,119.1 $3,200.7
$250.3 $30.3 $30.3 $30.3
TOTAL $3,135.9 $3,021.3 $3,149.4 $3,231.0
$81.6
$81.6
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radiation Environmental
Impact Assessment
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
43.5
43.5
51.0
51.0
51.0
51.0
51.0
96.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radiation Environmental
Impact Assessment
TOTAL WORKYEARS
47.4
47.4
51.0
51.0
51.0
51.0
51.0
51.0
7-19
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RADIATION
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,231,000 supported by 51.0 total
workyears for 1990. Of the request, $3,200,700 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $30,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $81,600 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and no change in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation or in total workyears.
RADIATION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,231,000 supported by 51.0 total
workyears of which $3,200,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $30,300 will be for Abatement Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $81,600 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and no change the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation or in total workyears. The increase reflects increased personnel
and support costs.
In 1990 EPA will continue to support development, implementation, and
enforcement of standards under the Clean Air Act, the Atomic Energy Act, and
other statutory authorities. This will include support for implementing
NESHAPs for airborne radionuclides, and may include collecting and analyzing
air samples from facilities to verify compliance with existing standards.
Analysis of data obtained through field data collection from the Idaho survey
will facilitate a decision on what additional steps should be taken.
EPA will continue to maintain emergency response capabilities at two field
locations, and will also participate in field exercises scheduled by FEMA. In
addition, EPA will extend training for nuclear accident responses to the
radiation staff beyond the core group who normally participate in tests and
exercises of the existing Federal emergency response plans. The 268 stations
of the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS), which collect
and analyze samples of air, precipitation, and milk to help determine ambient
radiation levels, will continue in full operation.
EPA will continue to provide limited support to states, other Federal
agencies, and other parts of EPA in the form of radiochemical analyses,
technical assistance, and participation in the Conference of Radiation Control
Program Directors. The Agency will make available reports of radiation levels
in naval harbors surveyed at the request of the Navy.
7-20
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1989 Program
In 1989 the Agency is allocating a total of $3,149,400 supported by 51.0
total workyears for this program, of which $3,119,100 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $30,300 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1989 EPA is continuing laboratory and technical support for regulation
and guidance development. Collection of environmental information related to
the proposal of regulations for residual radioactivity at decommissioned
nuclear facilities is also continuing. Environmental assessments in harbors
servicing nuclear-powered vessels are being provided, in accordance with an
Interagency Agreement with the Navy. A similar arrangement with the Federal
Communications Commission provides for measurement of radiofrequency levels in
specific locations of interest or concern.
Other activities in 1989 include: maintenance of an emergency response
capability, coordination of EPA Regional Office review and testing of state
emergency response plans, assistance to other EPA offices and to state
radiological programs, and operation of ERAMS.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of $3,135,900 supported by 47.4 total'
workyears for this program of which $2,885,600 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $250,300 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1988 EPA continued laboratory and technical support of regulation and
guidance development. Program activities also included the maintenance of an
emergency response capability, participation in a full field exercise of the
Federal Radiation Emergency Response Plan, coordination of EPA Regional Office
review and testing of state emergency response plans, assistance to other EPA
offices and to state radiological programs, and operation of ERAMS. Ocean
disposal support activities continued for the development of technical criteria
in support of the Agency's ocean disposal regulation, which will cover low
level radioactive waste.
7-21
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RADIATION
Radon Action Program
ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Radon Action Program
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$1,562.9 $2,515.8
$4,899.6 $7,499.7
$2,542.4 $2,614.9
$7,398.8 $15,398.8
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$1,562.9 $2,515.8
$4,899.6 $7,499.7
$72.5
$8,000.0
TOTAL $6,462.5 $10,015.5 $9,941.2 $18,013.7 $8,072.5
$2,542.4 $2,614.9 $72.5
$7,398.8 $15,398.8 $8,000.0
Radon Action Program TOTAL $6,462.5 $10,015.5 $9,941.2 $18,013.7 $8,072.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radon Action Program
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
23.7
23.7
45.3
45.3
45.3
45.3
45.3
45.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radon Action Program
TOTAL WORKYEARS
24.5
24.5
45.3
45.3
45.3
45.3
45.3
45.3
7-22
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RADIATION
Radon Action Program
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $18,013,700 supported by 45.3 total workyears
for 1990, an increase of $8,072,500 and no change in total workyears from 1989.
Of the request, $2,614,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $15,398,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $72,500 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $8,000,000 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and no change in total workyears.
RADON ACTION PROGRAM
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $18,013,700 supported by 45.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,614,900 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $15,398,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $72,500 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $8,000,000 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and no change." in total
workyears. The increases reflect the increase in personnel and support costs
and the establishment of a state grant program.
In 1990 EPA will continue to conduct a comprehensive Radon Action Program
to address and reduce the health impacts of radon exposure. Specific
activities will include the completion of the field operation and data
collection phase of the national survey of radon in residences, continuation of
the House Evaluation Program (HEP), and the development of protocols for
measuring radon in schools. EPA will also continue to provide technical
assistance to individual states in the design and execution of state-wide
surveys, including the collection of screening measurements in homes and the
presentation of analyses of potentially high-risk radon areas to the public.
For the first time, EPA will issue grants to states to assist them in the
development and implementation of programs to assess and mitigate radon. State
programs funded through these Federal grants will include activities such as
carrying out radon surveys; establishment of radon assessment, mitigation, and
control programs; development of public information and educational materials;
development of data storage and management systems; operation of radon
hotlines; and the purchase of analytical equipment.
EPA will continue the National Radon Measurement Proficiency (RMP)
Program, which evaluates the capability of firms to accurately measure radon
levels. The Agency will make information about the proficiency of individual
7-23
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firms available to the public through state radiation offices. In addition,
EPA will initiate the National Radon Mitigation Contractor Proficiency (RMCP)
Program to evaluate the capability of firms to mitigate radon.
In 1990 additional Regional training centers will be selected and
established through cooperative agreements. In addition to training offered at
the centers, five sessions of the Radon Diagnostician and Mitigation Training
course will be conducted in 1990.
1989 Program
In 1989 the Agency is allocating a total of $9,941,200 supported by 45.3
total workyears for this program, of which $2,542,400 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,398,800 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1989 EPA is continuing to implement a comprehensive Radon Action
Program to minimize the health risks of radon through partnerships with states.
Specific activities include continuing field work and data collection efforts
associated with the national survey of radon in residences, providing interim
protocols needed to carry out a national survey of radon levels in schools, and
developing standardized protocols for soil gas measurements and for measuring
radon levels in workplaces. In addition, EPA is incorporating new technology
into the HEP and evaluating and designing mitigation schemes for 20 homes in
that program. The Agency is also providing direct technical assistance to
states, including assisting eight states in designing and conducting intensive
state-wide surveys.
In 1989 EPA is continuing to conduct the national RMP Program. The Agency
is also developing a mitigation contractor proficiency program to evaluate
radon mitigation firms and provide information to the public on the capability
of firms working in the radon mitigation field.
The Agency Is developing criteria for the selection of Regional training
centers, establishing guidelines for their operation, and issuing cooperative
agreements to establish three centers in 1989. The Agency is also updating the
Radon Diagnostician and Mitigation Training Course and plans to conduct seven
sessions of the updated three-day course in 1989.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of $6,462,500 supported by 24.5 total
workyears, of which $1,562,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $4,899,600 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
EPA continued implementation of the Radon Action Program in 1988 through
initiation of a national survey of radon levels in residences and development
of protocols for soil gas and radon in schools measurements. In addition, the
Agency began incorporating new technology into the HEP and evaluated and
designed mitigation schemes for ten homes in the program. The Agency provided
technical assistance to states and seven states completed surveys with design
and analytic support from EPA.
The National RMP Program was continued and another round of evaluations was
7-24
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completed. Eight sessions of the Radon Diagnostician and Mitigation Training
Course were conducted. EPA also distributed an interim guide and technical
guidance on radon reduction in new construction.
7-25
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RADIATION
Radon Action Program Implementation
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Radon Action Program
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
$635.9
$30.0
$654.5 $622.9 $649.6
$665.9 $654.5 $622.9
$649.6
$26.7
$26.7
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Radon Action Program
Implementation'
TOTAL
$635.9
$30.0
$654.5 $622.9 $649.6
$665.9 $654.5 $622.9 $649.6
$26.7
$26.7
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radon Action Program
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
12.0
12.0
15.6
15.6
15.3
15.3
16.7
16.7
1.4
1.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radon Action Program
Implementation
TOTAL WORKYEARS
13.4
13.4
17.0
17.0
16.7
16.7
16.7
16.7
7-26
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RADIATION
Radon Action Program Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $649,600 supported by 16.7 total workyears
for 1990, an increase $26,700 and no change in total workyears from 1989. All
of the request will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
represents an increase of $26,700 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and no change in total workyears from 1989.
RADON ACTION PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $649,600 supported by 16.7 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
approprition. This represents an increase of $26,700 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and no change in total workyears from 1989. The
increase reflects increased personnel and support costs.
In 1990, the Regional Offices will continue to support implementation of
the Radon Action Program by coordinating radon activities at'the state arid
local level. Regions will oversee implementation of the Agency's new radon
state grant program. Additionally, six to eight states will be assisted in the
design and execution of state-wide radon surveys. Screening measurements will
be collected in 15,000 to 20,000 homes and the Regions will assist in making
the results available to the public.
The Regions will also continue participation in the House Evaluation Program
(HEP), with an assessment of approximately twenty homes in ten states. The
Regions will continue to support development of state and local radon
capabilities by overseeing the operation of Regional training centers and by
arranging five presentations of the Radon Diagnostic and Mitigation Training
Course at selected locations. The Regions will also assist the states in their
efforts to conduct the course independently.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $622,900 supported by 16.7
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation.
In 1989, Regional Offices are continuing to assist and coordinate
activities to support the implementation of the radon program by providing
direct support to the states in the development of state capabilities. This
includes assistance in developing state survey designs, review of state plans
7-27
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for participation in the national assessment of indoor radon, assistance in the
development of state radon capabilities, participation in the HEP, and
technical advice and assistance to state and local governments.
The Regions are assisting in the selection of sites for Regional training
centers and will oversee these centers when they become- operational. Regional
Offices are also participating in the presentation of the Radon Diagnostic, and
Mitigation Training Course. Support to states is being provided as needed to
deal with the most critical radon problems as they are discovered. The Regions
are also continuing to act as distribution points for public information
materials and are involved in radon public awareness activities.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $665,900 supported by 13.4 total
workyears, of which $635,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $30,000 was from the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1988, the Regional Offices supported the Radon Action Program by
providing technical assistance to states in their efforts to develop programs
to address exposure to indoor radon. Regional efforts included developing
state survey designs, reviewing state plans for participation in the national
assessment of indoor radon, assisting in the development of state radon
capabilities, participation in the HEP, ' assistance in the presentation of the
Radon Diagnostic and Mitigation Training Course, and providing technical
assistance to state and local governments. The Regions also conducted
outreach programs to the public and local agencies as part of a continuing
radon educational program.
7-28
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S.IIMTERDISCfPLINARY
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
INTERDISCIPLINARY 8-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Intermedia Programs 8-4
Scientific Assessment 8-12
Technical Information and Liaison 8-13
Quality Assurance Management 8-15
Exploratory Research Core Program 8-15
Reduction of Uncertainties in Risk Assessment (RURA) 8-17
Human Exposure 8-18
Basic Ecological Research 8-19
Capital Investments 8-19
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Environmental Review and Coordination 8-21
Agencywide Technology Transfer Staff 8-24
Academic Training Grants 8-27
ENFORCEMENT
Enforcement Policy and Technical Support 8-29
Enforcement Policy and Operations 8-32
Criminal Investigations Program 8-36
Technical Support - Office of Enforcement and Compliance
Monitoring 8-38
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
Scientific Activities
Overseas
TOTAL, Interdisciplinary
$32,194.3 $33,801.8 $35,001.2 $40,462.8 $5,461.6
$7,225.7 $10,672.0 $11,043.5 $12,160.0 $1,116.5
$21,617.9 $29,493.0 $30,849.3 $65,871.6 $35,022.3
$19.1
$61,057.0 $73,966.8 $76,894.0 $118,494.4 $41,600.4
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
581.4 633.7 656.1 740.0 83.9
630.2 657.6 679.9 740.0 60.1
$62.066.7 $69,494.1 $72,246.7 $113,974.5 $41,727.8
All authorization except for Research and Development is
by virtue of the Appropriation Act. The Environmental
Research, Development and Demonstration Act expired
September 30, 1981. Reauthorization is pending.
8-1
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Interdisciplinary Program is
composed of several activities that cut across programmatic lines and are not
readily assignable to a specific media. These programs address environmental
concerns that affect several media and require an interdisciplinary approach.
The Interdisciplinary Program includes the Intermedia Research Program, the
Federal Agencies Compliance Program and the National Environmental Policy Act
(NEPA) Compliance Program, and the legal support programs for the Agency's
enforcement efforts.
Intermedia Research
The Intermedia Research Program consists of eight major activities:
scientific assessments, technical information and liaison., quality assurance
management, exploratory research, reducing uncertainties in risk assessment,
human exposure assessment, basic ecological research, and capital equipment.
The Scientific Assessment Program has responsibility for developing uniform
risk assessment guidelines for Agency-wide application, assuring consistency of
approach to guidelines, and coordinating with other agencies through the Risk
Assessment Forum. The Technical Information and Liaison Program provides for
production and transfer of technical and scientific information products
developed by the Office of Research and Development (ORD) with an emphasis on
communicating cost-effective methods for complying with EPA's regulations. The
Quality Assurance Management Program provides centralized guidance and
management for the Agency's quality assurance activities and performs audits to
assess the effectiveness of the Agency's Quality Assurance efforts. The
Exploratory Research Program provides long range exploratory research,
conducted primarily through grants and academic research centers. It includes
the Visiting Scientist Program. The integrated program to Reduce
Uncertainties in Risk Assessment includes projects to develop dose-response and
exposure models for estimating the adverse effects of environmental pollution
on humans and ecosystems. The Human Exposure Assessment Program will evaluate
the effects on humans of exposure to pollutants from all sources. The Basic
Ecological Research Program will define appropriate endpoints to assess
ecological health and collect statistics and other relevant data to define
ecological quality trends and report on them periodically. Finally, a Capital
Equipment Program will ensure that the Agency acquires the high caliber of
scientific instrumentation necessary to produce first-rate research and attract
and retain the highest quality researchers.
Abatement. Control, and Compliance
The Environmental Review and Coordination Program accomplishes statutory
objectives under the authority of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA);
Section 309 of the Clean Air Act; and Executive Order 12088 - Federal
Compliance with Pollution Control Standards; and includes four program
activities as well as support for regional interdisciplinary projects and EPA
technology transfer activities. The NEPA Compliance program assures EPA's
actions comply with the intent of NEPA. This includes reviews that are the
functional equivalent for those Agency programs that are not specifically
8-2
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covered by NEPA. The Federal Facilities Compliance Program oversees Federal
compliance with all Federal statutory environmental requirements, and
specifically with Executive Order 12088. The Environmental Review Program
ensures that Federal agencies carry out their activities in an environmentally
sound manner pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act and Section 309
of the Clean Air Act.
The Indians program develops and implements policies for dealing with
environmental problems on Indian lands. Regional interdisciplinary projects
enable rapid response to unique intermedia environmental problems. EPA's
technology transfer activities are intended to improve efficiency and
performance in environmental programs through technology transfer and
information exchange.
Enforcement
The Enforcement Policy and Technical Support Program provides consistent
direction to EPA enforcement for all non-Superfund media to assure the most
effective possible stewardship of EPA's enforcement responsibilities as they
contribute to the protection of environmental quality. To accomplish this
goal, this program establishes compliance monitoring and enforcement
priorities, policies, and procedural guidelines so that enforcement actions are
properly selected and prepared and establishes measures to ensure policies and
procedures are correctly implemented by the media enforcement programs and
Regional offices. It conducts all legal case development, litigation, and
adjudicatory hearing activities for media enforcement programs, including
oversight of evidence gathering, preparation and management of cases, and
referral of cases to the Department of Justice for litigation.
In addition, this program contains the Agency's criminal investigations
effort which entails investigation, preparation, and referral of cases
involving criminal violations of environmental statutes. Investigators and
attorneys provide support to the Department of Justice during subsequent
investigations and litigation of these cases.
The National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) provides specialized
technical expertise in support of EPA enforcement case preparation activities.
NEIC serves as a point of coordination and support for complex investigations
which have a national impact on environmental enforcement.
8-3
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Research and
Development
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
INTERDISCIPLINARY 8-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Intermedia Programs 8-4
Scientific Assessment 8-12
Technical Information and Liaison 8-13
Quality Assurance Management 8-15
Exploratory Research Core Program 8-15
Reduction of Uncertainties in Risk Assessment (RURA) 8-17
Human Exposure 8-18
Basic Ecological Research 8-19
Capital Investments 8-19
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Intermedia Programs
ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Technical Information &
Liaison
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Quality Assurance
Management
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Exploratory Research
Core Program
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Reduction of Uncertainties
in Risk Assessments
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Human Exposure
Assessment
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
$1,494.
$1,014.
$2,508.
$3,143.
$1,197.
$4,340.
$815.
$890.
$1,706.
$994.
$15,516.
$16,511.
$2,998.
$2,998.
1
8
9
4
0
4
8
8
6
8
4
2
9
9
$1
$2
$4
$1
$6
$1
$15
$16
$10
$10
,529
$898
,428
,367
,980
,348
$849
$855
,704
$783
,759
,542
$279
,000
,279
.8
.3
.1
.7
.3
.0
.5
.4
.9
.5
.0
.5
.7
.0
.7
$2
$1
$4
$4
$2
$6
$1
$15
$16
$10
$10
,264
,880
,145
,361
,354
,715
$849
$855
,704
$783
,759
,542
$280
,000
,280
.6
.7
.3
.3
.2
.5
.5
.4
.9
.5
.0
.5
.'3
.0
.3
$2
$1
$4
$5
$3
$8
$1
$1
$25
$26
$10
$10
$3
$4
,385
,844
,229
,480
,079
,559
$901
$833
,735
,153
,639
,793
$278
,000
,278
$858
,259
,118
.1
.8
.9
.1
.4
.5
.9
.9
.8
.5
.5
.0
.2
.0
.2
.6
.8
.4
$120.5
-$35.9
$84.6
$1,118.8
$725.2
$1,844.0
$52.4
-$21.5
$30.9
$370.0
$9,880.5
$10,250.5
-$2.1
-$2.1
$858.6
$3,259.8
$4,118.4
8-4
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Intermedia Programs
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Basic Ecological
Research
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Capital Investments
Research & Development
TOTAL
$796.4
$17,214.2
$18,010.6
$4,000.0
$4,000.0
$796.4
$17,214.2
$18,010.6
$4,000.0
$4,000.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
$6,448.1 $7,810.2 $8,539.2 $11,853.8 $3,314.6
$21,617.9 $29,493.0 $30,849.3 $65,871.6 $35,022.3
Intermedia Programs TOTAL $28,066.0 $37,303.2 $39,388.5 $77,725.4 $38,336.9
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information &
Liaison
Quality Assurance Management
Exploratory Research
Core Program
Reduction of Uncertainties
in Risk Assessments
25.2
40.6
11.4
16.6
25.1
63.9
14.5
13.0
38.5
63.5
14.5
13.0
39.1
72.0
14.5
15.0
.6
8.5
2.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
Human Exposure Assessment
Basic Ecological
Research
13.0
12.0
13.0
12.0
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
93.8
120.5
133.5
169.6
36.1
8-5
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Intermedia Programs
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
TOTAL WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information &
Liaison
Quality Assurance Management
Exploratory Research
Core Program
Reduction of Uncertainties
in Risk Assessments
Human Exposure Assessment
Basic Ecological
Research
TOTAL WORKYEARS
27.1
43.9
11.4
16.9
25.1
63.9
14.5
13.0
38.5
63.5
14.5
13.0
39.1
72.0
14.5
15.0
.6
8.5
2.0
4.0
4.0
99.3
120.5
133.5
4.0
13.0
12.0
169.6
13.0
12.0
36.1
8-6
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Intermedia Programs
Principal Outputs bv Objective
Objective 1: Uniform Risk Assessment
1990: o Final guidelines for exposure measurements, neurotoxicity, and
non-cancer health effects. (Scientific Assessment)
o Final amendments for guidelines on cancer and developmental
toxicity. (Scientific Assessment)
o Risk Assessment Forum analyses of specific risk assessment issues
(Scientific Assessment)
o Development of a mainframe version of the IRIS system (Scientific
Assessment)
1989: o Final guidelines for assessment of risks to the male and female
reproductive system. (Scientific Assessment)
o Propose guidelines for neurotoxicity, making and using exposure
measurements, and for assessing certain risks from non-cancer
' health effects. (Scientific Assessment)
o Propose amendments to current guidelines for cancer and
developmental toxicity. (Scientific Assessment)
o Develop guidelines for ecological risk assessment. (Scientific
Assessment)
o Issue final reports from 1988 Risk Assessment Forum (Scientific
Assessment)
o Addition of inhalation reference doses to the IRIS system
(Scientific Assessment)
1988: o Proposed guidelines for assessing male reproductive risk and for
assessing female reproductive risk (Scientific Assessment)
o The Risk Assessment Forum documents, including:
- Special Report on Ingested Inorganic Arsenic
- Skin Cancer, Nutritional Essentiality - Final and Thyroid
Follicular Cell Carcinogenesis
- Mechanistic and Science Policy Considerations - External Review
Draft. (Scientific Assessment)
Objective 2: Technical Information and Regulatory Support
1990: o Analysis to ensure scientific integrity in the Agency's
regulatory development process (Technical Information)
1989: o Analysis to ensure scientific integrity in the Agency's regulatory
development process (Technical Information)
8-7
-------
1988:
Analysis to ensure scientific integrity in the Agency's regulatory
• development process (Technical Information)
Objective 3: Technology Transfer
1990:
1989:
1988:
o
o
Seminar series on the statistical procedures used to detect
groundwater contamination at hazardous waste facilities.
(Technical Information)
Workshops on the use of the expert system for evaluating and
improving POTW performance. (Technical Information)
Handbook on air toxics risk assessment and control alternatives.
(Technical Information)
Seminar series on innovative technologies for municipal wastewater
treatment facilities. (Technical Information)
Handbook on sampling and analysis methods for toxic emissions from
incinerators. (Technical Information)
Seminar series and publication on how to conduct sanitary surveys
of small drinking water treatment facilities. (Technical
Information)
Seminar series on leak detection and prevention methods,
corrective action techniques, and inspection and maintenance
procedures for underground storage tanks. (Technical Information)
Expert system for improving the performance of POTWs. (Technical
Information)
Workshops and handbook on drinking water contamination. (Technical
information)
Objective 4: Quality Assurance Management Program
1989:
o
o
o
o
o
o
9
o
1988:
o
o
Revised guidance on data quality objectives (QA Management)
Four management systems reviews (QA Management)
Guidance on audits of data quality (QA Management)
Program of alternative procedures for measurement methods
validation and laboratory quality control (QA Management)
Review of 25 QA program plans (QA Management)
Development of four QA training courses (QA Management)
Support of the implementation of data quality objectives by Agency
organizations (QA Management)
Three management systems reviews (QA Management)
Pilot demonstration of a Program of alternative procedures for
measurement methods validation and laboratory quality control (QA
Management)
Review of 30 QA program plans submitted by Agency organizations
(QA Management)
Development of three QA training courses (QA Management)
Computerized data quality objectives implementation tools
developed (QA Management)
Guidance on performing management systems review (QA Management)
Alternative procedures for measurement methods validation and
8-8
-------
laboratory quality control developed. (QA Management)
35 QA program plans reviewed (QA Management)
Two QA courses developed (QA Management)
Objective 5: Exploratory Grants and Centers Program
1990: o Solicitation of 1990 research grants proposals (Exploratory
Research)
o Annual reports on Grants and Centers Programs (Exploratory
Research)
o Bibliography of research grant articles published (Exploratory
Research)
1989:
1988:
o
o
Solicitation of 1989 research grants proposals (Exploratory
Research)
Annual reports on Grants and Centers Programs (Exploratory
Research)
Bibliography of research grant published articles (Exploratory
Research)
Awarded four new research grants (Exploratory Research)
Publication of 99 technical articles in referred journals
(Exploratory Research)
Objective 6: Distinguished Visiting Scientists Program
1990: o Solicitation and selection of scientists and engineers for 1990
Distinguished Visiting Scientists Program (Exploratory Research)
1989: o Solicitation and selection of scientists and engineers for 1989
Distinguished Visiting Scientists Program (Exploratory Research)
1988: o Selection of five new scientists or engineers for the
Distinguished Visiting Scientists Program (Exploratory Research)
Objective 8: Reduction of Uncertainties In Risk Assessments (RURA)
1990:
1989:
for route to
route
Report on pharmacokinetic methods
extrapolation (Scientific Assessments)
Correlation of learning and memory tasks in humans and laboratory
animals (Health Effects)
Interspecies relation between sperm production and fertility
(Scientific Assessments and Health Effects)
Ecosystem function, change and vulnerability, endpoints and
hazards associated with system stress determined. (Processes and
Effects)
Integrated approach to evaluate/characterize the uncertainties in
risk assessment (Scientific Assessment)
Integrated exposure models which include human activity analysis
to improve health risk assessments (Scientific Assessment)
8-9
-------
o Expanded project plan for reduction of uncertainties in health
risk assessment (Scientific Assessment and Health Effects)
o Integrated research program for improving ecological risk
assessment (Processes and Effects)
1988: o Processes identified to improve health risk assessments, (health
effects)
o Report for the Congress on the planned research program to reduce
uncertainties in risk assessment. (Scientific Assessment)
Objective 9: Human Exposure
1990: o Final report on TEAM Study of particles and metals. (Human
Exposure)
o Completion of continuous personal monitor for NC>2 (Human Exposure)
Objective 10: Basic Ecological Research
1990: o Classification and characterization of near-coastal systems and
selection of prototype region for study. (Basic Ecological
Research)
o Catalog of indicators of ecosystem condition (Basic Ecological
Research)
o Existing monitoring data quality assessed (Basic Ecological
Research).
o Plan for rural air quality network to measure air pollutant
exposures on ecosystems. (Basic Ecological Research)
8-10
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Intermedia Programs
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $77,725,400 supported by 169.6 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $38,336,900 and an increase of 36.1 total
workyears from 1989. Of the request, $11,853,800 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $65,871,600 will be for the Research and
Development appropriation, an increase of $3,314,600 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and an increase of $35,022,300 in the Research and
Development appropriation.
Program Objectives
The Intermedia budget subactivity consists of those ORD programs which
cross all media. These are Uniform Risk Assessment, Technical Information and
Liaison, Quality Assurance Management, Exploratory Research, Reduction of
Uncertainties in Risk Assessment, Exploratory Research, Human Exposure, Basic
Ecological Research, and Capital Investments.
Objective 1: Uniform Risk Assessment. This activity provides Agency-wide
guidance to perform exposure and risk assessments. These guidelines are
intended to ensure uniform assessments that rely on sound scientific principles
and information.
Objective 2: Technical Information and Regulatory Support. This program
manages the development of ORD's scientific and technical information products
to ensure they are efficiently planned, controlled, distributed and produced
with a high quality. This data is coordinated with proposed regulations in
order to ensure that all regulatory decisions are based on the most current
technical information.
Objective 3: Technology Transfer. These activities support the
Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act (P.L. 96-480) as amended by the
Technology Transfer Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-502). The program provides States and
localities with the technology and scientific data needed to meet their
regulatory responsibilities. The program provides on-site advice and
assistance to Regions; and develops processes to expedite commercialization of
industry and government research.
Objective 4: Quality Assurance Management Program. This activity
provides policy direction, management guidance and oversight for the Agency's
mandatory quality assurance program for environmental data operations.
Objective 5: Exploratory Grants and Centers Program. The grants program
funds individual investigator-initiated research in areas of concern to the
Agency through an open, competitive, peer-reviewed evaluation process. The
long-term exploratory research centers will focus on multi-disciplinary
research in the eight topic areas of Hazardous Waste Research, Ecosystems
Research, Industrial Waste Elimination Research, Intermedia Transport Research,
8-11
-------
Marine Sciences Research, Environmental Epidemiology, Advanced Environmental
Control Technology Research, and Groundwater Research.
Objective 6: Distinguished Visiting Scientists Program. This activity
develops and implements programs to strengthen and enhance the quality of the
Agency's research programs by supporting the efforts of outside researchers at
EPA facilities. The major activity is the Visiting Scientists and Engineers
program, which enables accomplished scientists to conduct research at ORD
laboratories.
Objective 7: Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) Program. This
program supports implementation of the Small Business Innovation Development
Act (P.L. 97-219), which requires the Agency to award 1.25 percent of its
extramural research budget to small business concerns which conduct innovative
research.
Objective 8: Reduction of Uncertainties In Risk Assessments (RURA).
This program supports an integrated effort to reduce uncertainties in
ecological and health risk assessments.
Objective 9: Human Exposure. This activity provides the methods,
monitoring approaches and models to determine and predict the exposures of
human populations to environmental pollutants with known precision.
Objective 10: Basic Ecological Research. Under this activity, EPA would
lead a coordinated Federal effort to monitor and gather environmental data and
to report periodically on the status, changes, trends and relationships among
pollutant exposures and indicators of ecological conditions in the nation's
ecosystems. In addition, the Agency will carry out basic ecological research.
Objective 11: Capital Investments. This activity provides ORD
laboratories and research programs the scientific support necessary to conduct
investigations and analyses in a safe and timely manner with the most up to
date instrumentation and components available. This enables ORD to recruit and
retain the highest quality scientists and engineers.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,229,900 supported by 39.1 .total
workyears for this program, of which $2,385,100 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,844,800 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $120,500 and a decrease of
$35,900 respectively, and an increase of 0.6 in total workyears. The increase
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects increased personnel and
support costs. The decrease reflects completion of several risk assessment
guidelines. The program will provide guidance on risk assessment through
development of guidelines and support documents, as well as provide support to
the Risk Assessment Forum and the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
The program will also conduct risk assessments research on biostatistics and
pharmacokinetics. The Agency will promote interagency consensus on the use of
risk assessment guidelines through the Risk Assessment Forum. Chemical
8-12
-------
summaries will be added to a mainframe version of IRIS bringing the number of
chemical summaries available to 600.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,145,300 supported by 38.5
total workyears for this program, of which $2,264,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,880,700 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. Improvement of risk assessments is the primary focus of this
program. During 1989 final guidelines for the assessment of risks to the male
and female reproductive systems will be produced. Additional guidelines for
neurotoxicity, making and using exposure measurements and for assessing
certain risks from non-cancer health effects will be proposed. Work on
ecological risk assessment guidelines will be conducted. The Risk Assessment
Forum will promote consensus on risk assessment issues, and will ensure that
consensus is incorporated into risk assessment guidance. Several Forum reports
on risk assessment issues (e.g. thyroid neoplasia) will be issued as final
documents. Inhalation reference doses will be added to IRIS. This will bring
the total number of chemicals available in the system to 450. The second
annual report on the Reduction of Uncertainties in Risk Assessment prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment will be distributed. A
program is scheduled to begin on the evaluation of exposure uncertainties.
Planning for a validation project comparing predictive exposure assessment with
direct measurement and reconstructive exposure assessment is also underway.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $2,508,900 supported by 27.1
total workyears, of which $1,494,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,014,800 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. In the area of risk assessment guidelines, two proposed
guidelines were published in the Federal Register for public review and
comment, the proposed Guidelines for Assessing Male Reproductive Risk and the
proposed Guidelines for Assessing Female Reproductive Risk. The Risk
Assessment Forum completed the following documents: Special Report on Ingested
Inorganic Arsenic; Skin Cancer, Nutritional Essentiality-Final and Thyroid
Follicular Cell Carcinogenesis: Mechanistic and Science Policy Considerations-
External Review Draft.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND LIAISON
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,559,500 supported by 72.0 total
workyears, of which $5,480,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,079,400 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,118,800 and $725,200
respectively, and an increase of 8.5 total workyears. This increase
represents an expansion of the technology transfer and regional liaison efforts
to enhance scientific and technical knowledge on environmental protection
within the public and private sectors as mandated by the Stevenson Wydler Act
and the Technology Transfer Act of 1986.
8-13
-------
Technical Information and Regulatory Support. In 1990, the Center for
Environmental Research Information (CERI) will track, process, and distribute
all ORD reports, develop special reports as needed and produce all ORD project
summaries and review them for policy implications. Activities will include
processing reports and journal articles to the National Technical Information
Service (NTIS), reviewing and controlling the quality of project summaries, and
printing and distributing ORD information products. In 1990, CERI estimates it
will receive 1,500 reports for processing to NTIS. Regulatory support
activities will coordinate the available scientific data with proposed
regulations. This will ensure that all regulatory decisions are based on the
most current technical information. Responsibilities include participation in
Agency regulatory work groups, review of option/selection packages, and
analysis of regulatory requirements.
Technology Transfer. ORD disseminates technical data in response to
requests from the EPA program offices, the EPA regional offices, States, and
private industry. These activities will be carried out in support of the
Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act and the Technology Transfer Act of
1986. Activities will include the design, production, quality control, and
distribution of materials such as design manuals, users' guides, handbooks and
workshops and a new project to target technology transfers to state and local
environmental managers. Support for the National Environmental Technology
Applications Corporation will be increased. Commercialization of Research and
Development outputs will be implemented in accordance with the Federal
Technology Transfer Act of 1986.
Regional Scientists Liaison. This program will be expanded in 1990 to
permit full implementation of the Regional Scientists Program to all 10 EPA
Regional Offices. The program will provide an ORD scientist as a liaison
officer on station in each Regional Office to facilitate regional access to ORD
products and services.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,715,500 supported by 63.5
total workyears for this program, of which $4,361,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,354,200 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. CERI activities in 1989 include tracking, processing and
distributing all ORD reports, developing special reports as needed; and
producing ORD summaries. Technology transfer activities support NETAC and the
production of technology transfer tools for the Program Offices and the
Regions. Regulatory support activities will ensure technically sound
development of Agency regulations. The Regional Scientists Program has been
expanded to 7 regions.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $4,340,400 supported by 43.9
total workyears for this program, of which $3,143,400 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,197,000 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. Major accomplishments in 1988 included processing of over 1,300
documents to NTIS. Approximately 400 project summaries were produced and
distributed and over 30,000 requests for publications were answered. A program
8-14
-------
was Initiated to commercialize the research and development products of
government and industry.
QUALITY ASSURANCE MANAGEMENT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,735,800 supported by 14.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $901,900 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $833,900 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $52,400 and a decrease of
$21,500 respectively, and no change in total workyears. The increase in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects increased personnel and support
costs. The decrease in the Research and Development appropriation reflects
completion of major efforts related to quality assurance program plans
production and review.
In 1990, Program Offices, Regional offices and ORD laboratories will
implement quality assurance procedures consistent with Agency policy to ensure
that data generated by EPA are adequate to support the Agency's decision-making
process. This program includes ongoing review of QA Program plans, support for
development of data quality objectives; continuation of Management Systems
Reviews; and implementation of alternative laboratory quality control
procedures and data quality audits.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,704,900 supported by 14.5
total workyears for this program, of which .$849,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $855,400 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. Quality assurance activities in 1989 involve the implementation
and evaluation of programs to ensure the integrity of Agency data.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $1,706,600 supported by 11.4
total workyears for this program, of which $815,800 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $890,800 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. Accomplishments in 1988 included the review of Quality Assurance
Program plans, development of guidance on data quality objectives, performance
of management systems reviews, development of alternative procedures for
measurement methods validation and laboratory quality control, and quality
assurance training.
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH CORE PROGRAM
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $26,793,000 supported by 15.0 total
workyears for this program. Of this total, $1,153,500 will be for the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $25,639,500 will be for the Research and
Development appropriation. This represents increases of $370,000 in the
8-15
-------
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $9,880,500 in the Research and
Development appropriation and 2 total workyears. The increase in the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation is the result of the additional workyears and
increased personnel and support costs. The increase for the Research and
Development appropriation is to provide greater support to basic long term
research through the research grants program.
Exploratory Research Grants and Centers ProEram. The Agency requests a
total of $18,200,000 for the Research and Development appropriation for the
Exploratory Research Grants program. This program will award 125 new grants
and continue support for 55 existing grants. Applications from individual
researchers will be received, peer reviewed and analyzed for relevance to EPA's
mission and priorities. The program will emphasize continued improvement in
quality of research, coordination with the Agency's research planning process,
dissemination of results from completed grants, and coordination with other
Federal agencies. Seminars and workshops featuring the completed work of
grantees will continue in Agency laboratories and at other locations around the
country.
The Agency requests a total of $4,444,500 for the Research and Development
appropriation ($556,000 per center) for the Centers program to support studies
of high priority to the Agency such as groundwater and hazardous waste control
technologies. Management attention in the eight operating centers will focus
on new trends and discoveries coming from ongoing research studies. The eight
university centers and their research themes are as follows:
o Louisiana State University - 'Hazardous Waste Research;
o Cornell University - Ecosystems Research;
o Illinois Institute of Technology - Industrial Waste Elimination
Research;
o University of California (Los Angeles) - Intermedia Transport Research;
o University of Rhode Island - Marine Sciences Research;
o University of Pittsburgh - Environmental Epidemiology;
o University of Illinois (Urbana) - Advanced Environmental Control
Technology Research;
o Rice University, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma State University-
Groundwater Research.
An annual report will summarize the activities and accomplishments of the
centers. Symposia, workshops and publications in referred journals ensure that
information learned from center studies is shared with the environmental
research community.
Distinguished Visiting Scientists Program. This program will enable
distinguished scientists and engineers to work in ORD laboratories on projects
of special importance to the Agency. Eminent scientists and engineers will
collaborate with their counterparts in ORD laboratories on relevant areas of
environmental research.
Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) Prosram. The Agency requests a
total of $2,500,000 (1.25 percent of the extramural research budget) for the
SBIR program to provide 36 awards in 1990 to small businesses conducting
innovative research.
8-16
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1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $16,542,500 supported by 13.0
total workyears for this program, of which $783,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $15,759,000 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. Of this $15,759,000, $8,200,000 is allocated for Exploratory
Research Grants, $4,576,000 is for the eight research centers, and $2,500,000
is for the SBIR program. In 1989, the Exploratory Research Grants program will
review 300 grant proposals, award 60 new grants and continue support for 29
grants. The program will also manage the academic research centers to support
the Agency's long-term research needs. The Visiting Scientists Program is
enabling outside scientists and engineers to conduct research in ORD
laboratories. The SBIR Program will make 36 awards to small businesses.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $16,511,200 supported by 16.9
total workyears for this program, of which $994,800 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $15,516,400 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. In 1988, the Exploratory Research Program reviewed 363 grant
proposals, awarded 4 new grants and continued support for 50 grants. The
Visiting Scientists Program approved the appointment of 13 new visitors to ORD
laboratories to strengthen EPA's scientific basis for regulatory decision
making. The SBIR program will award 37 contracts to small businesses.
REDUCTION OF UNCERTAINTIES IN RISK ASSESSMENT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,278,200 for this program supported by
4.0 total work years. Of this total, $278,200 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,000,000 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $2,100 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and no change in the Research and Development
appropriation request. The program includes expansion of the human health risk
efforts initiated in 1988 and initiation of an integrated program for reduction
of uncertainties in ecological risk assessment.
Human Health Risk Assessment. In 1990, a report will be prepared
describing procedures used to assess uncertainty in individual risk
assessments. This report will address uncertainties in the assumptions and
data used to develop risk assessments and will provide decision makers with a
standard method to qualitatively and quantitatively assess uncertainty in
specific cases. Research will focus on integrating exposure assessments with
particular emphasis on the analysis of human activity patterns, improving
exposure measurement data, and standardizing Agency use of exposure
information. Further research will be conducted to develop physiologically
based pharmacokinetics models focusing on route to route extrapolations and
theoretical and computational models for making intra- and inter-species
extrapolations. Research to improve dose-response models will concentrate on
pulmonary, neurological and reproductive/developmental effects.
8-17
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Ecological Risk Assessment. The emphasis will be placed on three areas of
uncertainty. First, the program will address the uncertainty of how ecosystems
function. Research will be directed towards measuring the current state of
ecosystems, determining the nature, rate and direction of change and estimating
the system vulnerability. Second, the program will conduct research to identify
and measure ecological endpoints and interpret evaluations of functional
change. Third, research will be performed to assess hazards associated with
ecosystem stress.
1989 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $10,280,300 for this activity
supported by 4.0 work years. Of the total, $280,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,000,000 from the Research and Development
appropriation to develop a comprehensive program for reducing uncertainties in
risk assessment. This research program addresses the major scientific
uncertainties which impact the development of accurate Health and Ecological
Risk Assessments. The four major activities of the Health Risk Assessment
program are: 1) analysis of uncertainty in selected risk assessments; 2)
develop integrated exposure models based on the relationship between ambient
and biological measurements, including human activity analysis; 3) develop
physiologically based pharmacokinetics models to more accurately predict the
delivered dose of a toxicant to the site of action; and 4) develop
biologically based dose-response models focused on our understanding of the
mechanism through which toxicants exert their effect. Ecological Risk
Assessment activities will be conducted to implement an integrated plan to
reduce the gaps in the data base and improve the reliability of models
required to assess the uncertainty of how ecosystems function.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988 the Agency obligated $2,998,900 from the Research and
Development appropriation for this program. An integrated research program
was initiated to improve the health risk assessment process. A report to
Congress was prepared to inform the Congress of the planned research in this
program area.
HUMAN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,118,400 supported by 13.0 total work
years. Of this total, $858,600 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $3,259,800 is for the Research and Development appropriation. This request
reflects a shift of resources within the base research program from the Air to
the Interdisciplinary media to conduct a complete program of research and
evaluation of human exposure to environmental pollutants from all sources.
This activity will include a major survey to determine the activity patterns of
the population including lifestyles and use of consumer products. Also
included are several studies on microenvironments (home, work, transportation)
of human exposure. Methods for screening exposures near major point sources of
pollution (industrial sites, hazardous waste sites) will be instituted. The
existing Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM) program will continue to
8-18
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provide human exposures estimates based on direct measurements. Data from each
component of the program will be used to develop models of human exposure that
can be used for extrapolation to entire populations at risk.
1989 Program
In 1989, there are no Human Exposure resources within the
Interdisciplinary media. All resources related to this activity are in the Air
media.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, there were no Human Exposure resources within the
Interdisciplinary media. All resources related to this activity are in the Air
media.
BASIC ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $18,010,600 supported by 12.0 total
workyears for this program. Of this total, $796,400 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $17,214,200 is for the Research and Development
appropriation. This request reflects both a shift of resources within the base
research program to support a program in ecological monitoring and trends
research and a request for additional resources to begin a national ecological
research and environmental statistics initiative. This activity will
facilitate EPA's lead role within the Federal government in classifying
ecosystems, coordinating monitoring efforts, reviewing existing databases and
monitoring networks, and performing research to develop indicators of current
ecosystem conditions.
1989 Program
As part of the Agency effort in reducing uncertainties in risk
assessment, preliminary work will be performed on ecosystem classification,
monitoring network design, database management, and environmental statistics
culminating in a research and implementation plan for the Basic Ecological
Research Program.
1988 Accomplishments
No activity in this area.
CAPITAL INVESTMENTS
1990 Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,000,000 in the Research and Development
appropriation for new and replacement scientific equipment. This is in addition
to $2,000,000 distributed among the media programs for media -specific
equipment needs.
8-19
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1989 Program
The Agency has allotted a total of $2,000,000 from the Research and
Development appropriation for the replacement of scientific equipment. This
funding is distributed among the media programs.
1988 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated $2,000,000 from the Research and Development
appropriation to the various media programs for the replacement of scientific
equipment.
8-20
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Abatement and
Controi
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
INTERDISCIPLINARY 8-1
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Environmental Review and Coordination 8-21
Agencywide Technology Transfer Staff 8-24
Academic Training Grants. . 8-27
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Environmental Review and Coordination
ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Environmental Review
and Coordination
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$4,721.3
$4,504.0
$4,621.4
$7,730.5
$4,605.5
$6,387.7
$4,877.4
$7,200.0
TOTAL $9,225.3 $12,351.9 $10,993.2 $12,077.4
$271.9
$812.3
$1,084.2
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Environmental Review
and Coordination
$4,721.3 $4,621.4 $4,605.5 $4,877.4 $271.9
$4,504.0 $7,730.5 $6,387.7 $7,200.0 $812.3
TOTAL $9,225.3 $12,351.9 $10,993.2 $12,077.4 $1,084.2
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Environmental Review
and Coordination
102.7
107.3
106.8
114.9
8.1
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
102.7
107.3
106.8
114.9
8.1
TOTAL.WORKYEARS
Environmental Review
and Coordination
TOTAL WORKYEARS
112.5
112.5
115.4
115.4
114.9
114.9
114.9
114.9
8-21
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Environmental Review and Coordination
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,077,400 supported by 114.9 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $1,084,200 and no change in total workyears
from 1989. Of the request, $4,877,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $7,200,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, an increase of $271,900 in Salaries and Expenses and an increase
of $812,300 in the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
I
ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW AND COORDINATION
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,077,400 supported by 114.9 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $1,084,200 and no change in total workyears
from 1989. Of the request, $4,877,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $7,200,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, an increase of $271,900 in Salaries and Expenses and an increase
of $812,300 in the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. The
increase will support EPA compliance with its National Environmental Policy Act
(NEPA) requirements, support the development of state environmental review
programs for State Revolving Funds, and increased personnel and support costs.
An increase in the demand for NEPA compliance resources in conducting
functionally equivalent analyses, particularly in the CERCLA and TSCA areas is
also expected. In 1990 a new Federal facilities compliance strategy will be
fully implemented which utilizes new approaches to compliance and enforcement
response. Emphasis will be placed on management techniques, such as
environmental auditing. The Agency will continue to review and comment on
draft and final EISs and improve coordination with other Federal agencies with
respect to Section 309 and NEPA review processes. Finally, the Agency will
continue overall outreach with Tribal groups by providing resources that will
provide technical support and consultation designed to strengthen the
environmental management capabilities of tribal governments.
Extramural resources included in this request will also support Agency-
wide interdisciplinary environmental projects. These funds, to be extended on
special environmental projects, will enable rapid Regional response to
significant or unique intermedia environmental problems.
1989 Program
In 1989 the Agency is allocating a total of $10,993,200 supported by 114.9
total workyears for this program, of which $4,605,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,387,700 from the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation. In 1989, the NEPA compliance program provides
8-22
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assistance to delegated state construction grants programs, ensures that EPA
issued NPDES new source permits are in compliance with NEPA, assists EPA's
Office of research and Development and laboratories in meeting NEPA
requirements for research and development projects and assists EPA Regional
program offices in their efforts to comply with other environmental laws and to
carry out reviews equivalent to NEPA. The Agency continues to assist Federal
agencies in identifying facilities needing pollution controls, determining the
most cost effective control, and resolving disputes surrounding facilities
which are out of compliance. Particular emphasis is placed on hazardous waste
problems on Federal installations in cooperation with the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response. The Agency is also continuing to work on the review of
environmental impacts of proposed projects, regulations, and other major
Federal actions as required by both NEPA and Section 309. The major objective
is to minimize the adverse environmental impact of Federal proposals by: (1)
effective liaison with other Federal agencies, (2) early identification of
significant environmental issues, and (3) timely review of major actions. In
1989, technical assistance continues to be provided to Indian tribes with the
focus of the Indian programs being priority environmental problems on Indian
Lands.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of $9,225,300 supported by 112.5
workyears for this program, of which $4,721,300 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,504,000 from the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation. The NEPA compliance program increased emphasis on
oversight of state programs which are doing much of the basic environmental
analysis. EPA also continued work on site specific assessments and EISs, and
increased efforts in conducting functionally equivalent analyses, especially in
the hazardous and toxic waste areas. The Agency continued its efforts to
provide technical advice and assistance to Federal agencies to ensure that
their facilities comply with pollution control requirements in a cost effective
manner; to review and comment on proposed actions of other Federal agencies to
ensure that public health and the environment are protected; to improve liaison
with other Federal agencies; and to identify and resolve environmental concerns
on Indian lands.
8-23
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Agencywide Technology Transfer Staff
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Agencywide Technology
Transfer Staff
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
$437.8 $149.5 $711.0 $747.0
$394.0 $1,745.0 $1,760.0
$831.8 $149.5 $2,456.0 $2,507.0
$36.0
$15.0
$51.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$437.8 $149.5 $711.0 $747.0
$394.0 $1,745.0 $1,760.0
$36.0
$15.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Agencywide Technology
Transfer Staff
2-. 4
5.0
16.0
16.0
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
2.4
5.0
16.0
16.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Agencywide Technology
Transfer Staff
2.6
5.0
16.0
16.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
2.6
5.0
16.0
16.0
8-24
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Agencywide Technology Transfer Staff
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,507,000 supported by 16.0 total workyears
in 1990. This represents an increase of $51,000 and no change in total
workyears form 1989. Of the request, $747,000 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,760,000 will be for Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $36,000 in the
Salaries and Expenses and an increase of $15,000 in the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation.
AGENCYWIDE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER STAFF
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,507,000 supported by 16.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $747,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,760,000 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $36,000 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $15,000 in the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation, and no change in total workyears from 1989. The
increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support
costs.
This program will continue to develop a national program that identifies,
documents, and disseminates selective exemplary environmental practices;
establishes a national network of environmental technical experts; expands
EPA's academic and vocational infrastructure through environmental management
institutes; assures continued growth in the management of EPA's National
Network for Environmental Management Studies (NNMES); staffs the
Administrator's National Advisory Council on Environmental Technology Transfer
(NACETT) and its four committees, and oversees the response to those of its
recommendations accepted by the Administrator; and identifies and promotes the
development and use of needed new and innovative environmental technologies
through appropriate cooperative efforts with organizations and institutions
outside EPA and by identifying and initiating efforts to remedy administrative
and other barriers to the development and use of needed new environmental
technology.
In addition, this program will seek and assess new and existing
environmental technologies outside of the Agency for possible use by the Agency
or by others and will do so with the assistance of experts in academia, and
among technological leaders in business and industry, and in other Federal,
State and local agencies.
8-25
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1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,456,000 supported by 16.0
total workyears for this program of which $711,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,745,000 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. The program is developing a national program to
identify, document and disseminate selected environmental "best practices"
that constitute model approaches worthy of replication; establishing a national
network of environmental experts and communication focal points at the Federal
and State levels of government; expanding EPA's academic and vocational
infrastructure ties through the development of regionally based cooperative
environmental management institutes; assuring continued growth in the
management of EPA's National Network for Environmental Management Studies
(NNMES); and creating and staffing the Administrator's National Advisory
Council for Environmental Technology Transfer (NACETT) to address issue areas
of national concern. In cooperation with Program and Regional Offices, and
State and local agencies, this program will identify and promote innovative
environmental management and implementation strategies through ongoing program
development activities and demonstrations. In cooperation with the Office of
Research and Development (ORD), it will promote and support activities required
by the Federal Technology Transfer Act of 1986 (FTTA) and President's Executive
Order 12591 to accelerate the development and commercialization of needed new
(environmental) technology. Finally, this program will manage the
Administrator's National Small Community Regulatory Outreach Program.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $831,800 supported by 2.6 total
workyears, of which $437,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $394,000 was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
During its six months of full scale operations, the following accomplishments
were achieved: establishment of the Administrator's National Advisory Council
on Environmental Technology Transfer consisting of 37 senior executives drawn
equally from various sectors of society; completion of the first cycle of
studies under the National Network for Environmental Management Studies;
leading the development in conjunction with the Office of Research and
Development and other EPA offices of the implementation policies and procedures
for implementation within the Agency of the Federal Technology Transfer Act of
1986 and Executive Order 12591; supporting a wide array of new program-
specific, Region-specific and Agencywide initiatives to improve the
implementation of EPA programs through improved information sharing within and
outside the Agency; promoting and supporting the development of university-led
consortia within which to assess the efficacy of newly developed environmental
technologies and to promote the commercialization of those technologies found
to be needed and efficacious; development and initiation of a program to
disseminate case studies of environmental best practices; and establishment of
a network of technology transfer focal points in each Headquarters and Regional
Office and in each State.
8-26
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Academic Training Grants
ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Academic Training
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
$423.5 $1,000.0 $991.5
$423.5 $1,000.0 $991.5
-$991.5
-$991.5
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Academic Training TOTAL
Grants
$423.5 $1,000.0 $991.5
$423.5 $1,000.0 $991.5
-$991.5
-$991.5
8-27
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Academic Training Grants
Budget Request
The Agency requests no resources for this activity in 1990.
ACADEMIC TRAINING GRANTS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program.
1989 Program
In 1989 the Agency is allocating $991,500 for this program, which provide
academic and professional training to state and local environmental personnel
in the areas of pollution control and environmental engineering. The programs
also are providing economic support, through fellowships and training grants,
to minority students to allow them to receive academic training in the
environmental field.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated $423,500 in training grants to assist States
with issues in: toxic substances and hazardous wastes, air pollution, and
enforcement case resolution.
8-28
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Enforcement
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
: 1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
INTERDISCIPLINARY
ENFORCEMENT
Enforcement Policy and Technical Support 8-29
Enforcement Policy and Operations 8-32
Criminal Investigations Program 8-36
Technical Support - Office of Enforcement and Compliance
Monitoring 8-38
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Enforcement Policy & Technical Support
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Enforcement Policy &
Operations
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$15,076.5 $15,320.9 $15,260.5 $16,110.9
$493.7 $330.6 $324.8 $1,525.1
TOTAL $15,570.2 $15,651.5 $15,585.3 $17,636.0
Criminal Investigation
Program
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Technical Support
Office of Enforcement
And Compliance
Monitoring
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$2,070.3
$2,070.3
$2,637.5
$2,637.5
$2,635.9
$2,635.9
$3,441.2
$1,410.5
$3,262.3
$1,610.9
$3,249.1
$1,594.5
$3,412.3
$3,412.3
$3,461.4
$1,674.9
TOTAL $4,851.7 $4,873.2 $4,843.6 $5,136.3
$850.4
$1,200.3
$2,050.7'
$776.4
$776.4
$212.3
$80.4
$292.7
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$20,588.0 $21,220.7 $21,145.5 $22,984.6 $1,839.1
$1,904.2 $1,941.5 $1,919.3 $3,200.0 $1,280.7
Enforcement Policy & TOTAL $22,492.2 $23,162.2 $23,064.8 $26,184.6 $3,119.8
Technical Support
8-29
-------
TOTAL WORKYEARS
ACTUAL
1988
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Enforcement Policy & Technical Support
ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Enforcement Policy &
Operations
Criminal Investigation
Program
Technical Support
Office of Enforcement
And Compliance
Monitoring
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
289.1
32.3
61.1
297.0
42.4
61.5
296.1
42.4
61.3
318.8
57.4
63.3
22.7
15.0
2.0
382.5
400.9
399.8
439.5
39.7
Enforcement Policy &
Operations
Criminal Investigation
Program
Technical Support
Office of Enforcement
And Compliance
Monitoring
TOTAL WORKYEARS
316.3
33.3
66.2
312.8
42.4
61.5
311.8
42.4
61.3
318.8
57.4
63.3
7.0
15.0
2.0
415.8
416.7
415.5
439.5
24.0
8-30
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Enforcement Policy & Technical Support
ACTUAL
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
ESTIMATE
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 vs 1989
Enforcement Actions
Administrative Orders
EPA 2,964 3,503
States 4,249 *
New Judicial Referrals
EPA
Civil 213 269
Criminal 60 60
State
Civil 865 *
Judicial Cases, Ongoing
Civil Cases Start of Year 627 620
Civil Cases Concluded 220 186
Active Consent Decrees 3.82 *
Criminal Investigations, New ... 94 96
Investigations Start of Year.. 113 148
Defendants Criminally Charged 73 *
Contractor Listing:
Delistings and Discretionary
Listings 10 29
Permit Support
RCRA 41 70
NPDES 339 390
UIC 582 590
Penalties Assessed
Administrative & Civil ... $33,700,000 *
Criminal $8,400,000 *
3,687
*
222
68
703
190
105
*
*
30
158
342
590
*
*
+184
*
-47
+8
+83
+4
+9
*
*
+88
-48
0
*
*
* Future year projections are not made for this data element.
8-31
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ENFORCEMENT
Enforcement Policy and Technical Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $26,184,600 supported by 439.5 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $3,119,800 and an increase of 24.0 total
workyears from 1989. Of the request, $22,984,600 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,200,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents increases of $1,839,100 and
$1,280,700, respectively.
ENFORCEMENT POLICY AND OPERATIONS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests $17,636,000 supported by 318.8 t6tal workyears for
this program, of which $16,110,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,525,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $850,400 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, of $1,200,300 in Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, and of 7.0 in total workyears from 1989. The increase in
Salaries and Expenses reflects both the costs associated with the requested
workyears and increased personnel and support costs. The increased Abatement,
Control and Compliance funding reflects both an initiative for litigation
support and increased funding for activities designed to foster capacity
building in the Regions and states. The workyear increases are requested for
legal enforcement work related to SARA Title III and the Criminal
Investigations Program.
This program's goal is to respond to instances of non-compliance with
environmental statutes by consistent, timely, and effective enforcement
actions. Resources requested for Headquarters and the Regions reflect
anticipated workload for new and ongoing civil and criminal judicial litigation
as well as projected administrative enforcement actions. In 1990, additional
legal resources will be needed to increase the focus on new requirements under
SARA Title III regarding toxic substance reporting as well as legal support to
an expanding criminal enforcement program. Criminal enforcement investigations,
referrals, and indictments will expand dramatically as the criminal
investigations program grows, as investigators are able to handle a greater
number of significant leads on environmental crimes, and as increased numbers
of cases are likely to go to trial. Increases in legal resources are
requested for both Headquarters and the Regions to respond to this added
workload.
Legal resources will be required to support high levels of civil judicial
and administrative enforcement activity in all media. Particular areas of
emphasis will include, in:
Hazardous Waste
o enforcement of corrective action measures
8-32
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o enforcement follow-up to HSWA "hammer" provisions
o enforcement against permit violations
Air
o enforcement of newly promulgated benzene NESHAP
o enforcement under the woodstove NSPS
o enforcement under the new Ozone Strategy, and CFC enforcement
strategy
o aggressive use of administrative penalty authority against Publicly
Owned Treatment Works (POTWs)
o aggressive administrative enforcement support for wetlands
protection
o enforcement of SDWA monitoring requirements, with particular
emphasis on high hazard contaminants
Toxics and Pesticides
o enforcement against premanufacture notice and existing chemical
compliance violations
o enforcement of AHERA regulations regarding asbestos in public
buildings
o PCS disposal enforcement
o SARA Title III reporting requirements related to b.oth the toxic
substance inventory and emergency reporting of a toxic or hazardous
release
o aggressive enforcement against pesticide misuse
Headquarters resources will focus on provision of appropriate guidance,
selective involvement in major precedent-setting cases, capacity building (for
Regions and states) and broad program oversight (to insure that Agency efforts
are both focussed on appropriate targets and achieving proper results).
Capacity building efforts, such as inspector development training, attorney
training, and penalty model applications, begun as pilot efforts will be
expanded with the increased Abatement, Control and Compliance funding
requested. Policy work will continue in areas of new statutory interpretation
and development of Agency enforcement strategies, based on lessons learned from
oversight. Similarly, Headquarters staff will participate in a limited number
of judicial and administrative cases in all media which demand national
expertise. Administrative enforcement actions under SARA Title III related to
information reporting requirements of the Toxic Release Inventory under Section
313 will require significant Headquarters staff involvement. In addition,
continued emphasis on the contractor listing program will require Headquarters
attention, and special efforts will be made to expand criminal enforcement
capabilities in the states.
The Regions will be responsible for initiating new enforcement actions
based upon statutory, regulatory, and programmatic directives. Civil judicial
referrals to Headquarters, direct referrals to Justice, and administrative
litigation in all media will receive legal support. Regional legal resources
will be needed to respond to growth in the numbers of criminal investigations,
referrals, indictments and penalties expected to occur as a result of the
expansion in the criminal investigation program. Increased Regional workload
8-33
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is also anticipated as a result of administrative enforcement actions taken
under SARA Title III authority - primarily Section 313 which requires a
facility to notify state and local authorities when a release of a hazardous
and toxic chemical occurs. A small increase in Regional legal resources has
been requested to meet increased workload in both these areas. Regional legal
resources will also press vigorously for successful closure of cases active on
the Agency's growing judicial docket, as well as careful oversight and follow-
through on active consent decrees with conditions still not met. Support will
also be given to permit decisions and appeals.
Follow through on enforcement actions begun in prior years will require
significant Headquarters and Regional legal support. The enforcement
consequences of several major statutory deadlines in 1988 and 1989 resulted in
aggressive Agency use of legal resources and a growing judicial docket. For
this reason, a major increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance funding is
requested in 1990 to improve the Agency's tools in pursuing its growing
caseload. As enforcement cases become more complex, litigation support funding
has become crucial for major environmental enforcement case prosecution. Major
non-Superfund judicial cases have changed in character from relatively clear
technical issues to complicated assessments of corporate practice and/or
management behavior. These cases often require commitment of substantial
resources for litigation support activities including evidence audit, document
organization, and development of automated indices. The Agency must also be
able to call upon specialized talent to analyze evidence received through
discovery (for example computer tapes). Use of these litigation support tools
is expected to both improve the Agency's credibility in judicial proceedings
and the terms of the settlements achieved.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $15,585,300 supported by
311.8 total workyears for this program, of which $15,260,500 is from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $324,800 is from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
The strong enforcement program carried out in 1988 is expected to
continue. Legal enforcement support will address emerging areas such as water
toxics and SARA Title III. By statute, enforcement priorities include:
o The Clean Air Act (CAA): VOC sources in ozone nonattainment areas;
violation of asbestos demolition and removal regulations; toxic air
pollutant sources; and the chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) compliance program;
o The Clean Water Act (CWA): pretreatment, wetlands protection;
o TSCA/FIFRA: PCB disposal; Premanufacture Notices; compliance with
the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA); worker protection
requirements; pesticide suspension and cancellation; and
o RCRA: land ban violations; storage and treatment violations.
Headquarters attorneys will develop or review guidance and policy on:
RCRA corrective action schedules; RCRA permitting requirements; municipal waste
enforcement strategy; CWA hearing procedures for Class I and II administrative
penalties; model forms related to new CWA authorities; CAA enforcement under
the New Ozone Strategy; CFC Enforcement Strategy, Benzene NESHAP Enforcement
8-34
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Strategy; TSCA Section 6 Asbestos Ban, AHERA regulations, enforcement of PCB
retirement; and SARA Title III enforcement.
The scope of the Agency's enforcement agenda in 1989 is sufficiently
broad and complex that successful support can only be maintained by continuing
to build vigorously on streamlining initiatives begun in earlier years. For
example, significant efforts are being made to test and refine innovative
enforcement techniques, such as alternative dispute resolution. Coupled with
implementation of direct referrals designed to enhance the line management
capacity of the Regions, these strategies should enable the Agency to meet its
enforcement commitments.
Headquarters resources continue to focus on direct involvement in major
national litigation which demands special expertise, and in test cases under
new statutory authorities (such as the administrative penalty authority under
the Water Quality Act). Management of the growing contractor listing program
will continue to demand attention, as will the criminal enforcement program
(with particular emphasis on enhancing state capabilities).
In 1989, Regional legal resources are being devoted to administrative,
civil, and criminal enforcement actions in support of program enforcement
priorities in all media. Levels of effort reflect both continuing work in
mature programs, introduction of new approaches (administrative penalty actions
in SDWA, CWA) and increased enforcement efforts as a result of major statutory
deadlines (National Municipal Policy, RCRA land ban). Regional staff have
devoted considerable effort to improving the speed (while safeguarding the
outcome) of the enforcement process. Specific examples include: development of
standard approaches for use in certain types of administrative enforcement
actions, an expansion of the use of paralegal specialists, and experimentation
with greater use of new settlement techniques, such as environmental auditing
provisions. These approaches, taken in conjunction with careful and
comprehensive Regional planning of enforcement strategy, enable Regional legal
resources to keep pace with much more complicated business.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $15,570,200 supported by 316.3
total workyears for this program, of which $15,076,500 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $493,700 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The thrust of this program in 1988 continued to be vigorous enforcement
and compliance monitoring, in partnership with the states, to produce maximum
environmental results, and aggressive use of both administrative and judicial
enforcement to achieve compliance with environmental statutes. Record levels
of civil and criminal referrals were sent to the Department of Justice. These
actions coupled with strong administrative enforcement activity levels sent a
clear message to the regulated community regarding the Agency's commitment to
enforcing compliance. In addition, by the end of 1988 over 380 judicial
consent decrees were in place and being monitored to ensure compliance with the
provisions of the decrees. Where noncompliance with the terms of a consent
decree was found, the Agency initiated contempt proceedings with the court to
compel compliance.
Although final data are not yet available, preliminary statistics indicate
that civil judicial and administrative penalty assessments for 1988 have
8-35
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already exceeded levels achieved in 1987. Criminal penalties assessed prior to
suspension more than doubled in 1988 from 1987 levels.
Activities at Headquarters included involvement in selected judicial
actions with precedent potential, development of legal policy guidance and case
management for the criminal investigation program, development and
implementation of enforcement strategies and initiatives, and operation of the
Strategic Planning and Management System for Agency enforcement. Particular
emphasis was placed on policy and guidance necessary to swiftly implement the
enforcement provisions of the Water Quality Act.
Regional legal resources were devoted to generation of civil referrals and
administrative enforcement actions most likely to return significant violators
to compliance, maintaining a credible enforcement presence, resolution of
ongoing judicial cases and legal support to the criminal investigation program.
Legal time was devoted to careful consultation with media counterparts early in
the compliance monitoring and enforcement process, resulting in the generation
of high number of enforcement actions with major compliance payoffs. Effective
use was made of administrative penalty provisions under the Clean Water Act and
Safe Drinking Water Act. Enforcement using these relatively new tools
increased significantly over 1987 levels.' In RCRA, enforcement efforts
concentrated on administrative actions taken against violations by Treatment,
Storage and Disposal Facilities. In the Air program, strong enforcement of the
Asbestos Demolition and Renovation regulations sent a message to the demolition
and renovation contracting industry regarding the EPA commitment to protecting
the public from preventable exposure to asbestos.
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION PROGRAM
1990 Program Request
In 1990, the Agency requests a total of $3,412,300 supported by 57.4
total workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. This represents an increase of $776,400 and 15.0 in
total workyears from 1989.
The objective of this program will continue to be forceful deterrence of
violation of environmental laws by providing the regulated community clear
evidence that willful (and in extreme situations, negligent) statutory
violations will be met with harsh sanctions (in terms of both jail sentences
and substantial assessed penalties). Close coordination will continue with
each media program, to ensure the most effective targeting of these resources.
The increase in workyears will enable a sizeable expansion in the
investigations, referrals, and indictments pursued by the criminal
investigators. These added criminal investigations will be carefully targeted.
Aggressive prosecution of willful violators will expand the program's enormous
deterrent value. Under SARA Title III, implementation of the toxic release
inventory requirements will result in increased criminal investigation leads.
Effective prosecution of these violations will .send a clear message to the
regulated community regarding willful violation of Title III requirements.
Continued effort will be made to expand and strengthen partnerships with
State and other Federal law enforcement agencies through training and advisory
support. Increased emphasis will be placed on leveraging in conjunction with
other Federal and state law enforcement agencies through joint investigations.
8-36
-------
Specific program emphases will include the following:
o in RCRA, illegal disposal, storage and transportation of waste to
unpermitted facilities; blended fuel/waste oil; loss-of-interim-status
reduction in on-site capacity; land ban regulations; small quantity
generators;
o in CWA/SDWA, data falsification connected with greater use of toxicity
limits in NPDES permits; unpermitted discharges into water and
wetlands;
o in CAA, air toxics, asbestos demolition; lead phase-down; major motor
vehicle pollution control violations; and
o in Sara Title III, provisions regarding notice of toxic releases
and inventory reporting requirements.
1989 Program Request
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,635,900 supported by 42.4
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation.
In 1989, the criminal investigation program continues its operation as a
national network, with particular emphasis on hazardous waste enforcement, TSCA
enforcement- primarily concerning illegal disposal of PCB's, and water quality
enforcement (where felony provisions provide improved opportunities for
deterrence). In addition, priority is being given to the cases with the
greatest deterrent impact in the areas of air toxics, data falsification and
deliberate failure to report to EPA under TSCA. The program stresses close
coordination with administrative and civil judicial enforcement initiatives to
maximize the number of significant violators brought into compliance. The
program continues to work closely with state criminal enforcement programs
through the Environmental Criminal Coordinating Committees in the Northeast,
South, Midwest and West, and the National Association of Attorneys General.
In addition, close working partnerships are maintained with other Federal law
enforcement agencies. For example, the Agency is implementing a Memorandum of
Understanding with the U.S. Customs Service to coordinate investigative roles
and responsibilities to better detect instances of illegal export of hazardous
wastes.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $2,070,300 supported by 33.3
total workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The program continued to reinforce the growing deterrent presence it
achieved in prior years, as the Court system responded with stiff sanctions
including a dramatic increase in penalties assessed.
In 1988, the number of criminal referrals as well as the number of new
criminal investigations increased substantially. The proportion of cases
producing significant indictments increased as did the number of pleas and
convictions. This trend is expected to continue.
8-37
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The program continues to put emphasis on rigorous criminal investigations,
particularly with respect to multi-facility compliance issues; improved case
management through efficient use of investigative resources; greater
accessibility of criminal investigators to Assistant U.S. Attorneys; greater
access to appropriate automated databases; and improved technical investigation
and evidence audit support.
Priority was given to investigations, cases and enforcement actions having
the highest potential for environmental improvement and protection of public
health. The program operates in close cooperation with state environmental
crimes units and other Federal law enforcement agencies, which effectively
multiplies the visibility and deterrent message of criminal enforcement in the
environmental protection arena.
TECHNICAL SUPPORT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,136,300 supported by 63.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,461,400 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,674,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase from 1989 of $212,300 in
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $80,400 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 2.0 total
workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects both the cost of the
added workyears requested and increased personnel and support costs. The
increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects the need to build more
effective enforcement information systems to support the Criminal
Investigation Program. The workyear change reflects increased emphasis on
technical support of criminal investigations.
In 1990, the National Enforcement and Investigations Center (NEIC) will
continue to provide case development support in nationally managed cases with
the potential for precedent, unique technological requirements, and resource
requirements exceeding Regional capabilities. NEIC will emphasize case support
which promotes Regional priorities in toxics (air, water), ground water, public
drinking water and wetlands. Illegal transport, storage and disposal of
hazardous wastes will continue to be investigated, coupled with national
compliance evaluations of multi-facility waste disposal firms, ground-water
monitoring investigations, and environmental audit inspections. An increased
level of effort is expected for evidence audit activities, automation of
Potentially Responsible Parties Inventories for RCRA cases, consent decree
tracking, and environmental compliance audits for EPA laboratories and other
appropriate facilities. NEIC will also provide analytical and field support
for both FBI and EPA criminal investigations. The agency has also been able to
increase the effectiveness of the Criminal Investigations Program by providing
FBI agents with the technical training necessary to investigate environmental
crimes.
NEIC will continue to develop innovative management approaches to
enforcement such as expansion of state enforcement coordinating committees to
form a link between the environmental regulatory agencies and the law
enforcement entities of the member states. This facilitates a technology and
information transfer whereby both the law enforcement and environmental
officials become aware of and use new approaches. Abatement, Control and
8-38
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compliance resources will be devoted to improving access to cost-effective
major information systems (such the Criminal Information Index, and commercial
data bases on corporate structure and finances) to provide Regions and states!
with information vital to case development.
1989 Program Request
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,843,600 supported by
61.3 total workyears for this program, of which $3,249,100 is from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $1,594,500 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
NEIC resources are supporting the development of significant enforcement
litigation in all media. The Center's primary responsibilities include
providing background analysis for case preparation and evidence audits,
conducting field investigations and laboratory analyses, developing expert
testimony, and negotiating the technical aspects of consent decrees. Cases
are selected for NEIC support on the basis of program and Regional enforcement
priorities.
The Center continues to serve as a coordination point between both Federal
and state law enforcement and environmental protection agencies. It provides
technical assistance and training to personnel in these agencies on topics
which are vital to effective environmental enforcement (e.g. evidence
handling, laboratory procedures, and criminal investigative techniques). The
Center also continues to implement ways to make information systems function as
a-more effective tool in targeting environmental enforcement actions.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $4,851,700 supported by 66.2
total workyears for this program, of which $3,441,200 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,410,500 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
Particular emphasis was placed on support to the RCRA program in 1988,
including auditing contractor performance on hazardous waste transportation and
disposal. Under the Clean Water Act, the NEIC provided compliance evaluations,
performance audit inspections, multi-media inspection.';, and evaluations of
major publicly-owned treatment works suspected of noncompliance, as well as
Clean Water Act case support. Technical assistance was also provided to the
pesticides and toxics enforcement efforts, with particular emphasis on
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's), as well as management in seven Regions of
compliance inspections under Sections 5 and 8 of the Toxic Substances Control
Act (TSCA).
8-39
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9. TOXIC
SUBSTANCES
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
TOXIC SUBSTANCES 9-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Toxics Substances Research 9-7
Scientific Assessment 9-14
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance .... . . 9-14
Health Effects 9-16
Environmental Engineering and Technology 9-17
Environmental Processes and Effects. ..... 9-18
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Toxic Substances Financial Assistance ...... 9-21
Asbestos-in-Schools Loans and Grants , 9-23
Asbestos-in-Schools Program Administration . . . . . . . . . .... 9-24
Asbestos-in-Schools Contractor and Inspector Certification ... 9-25
Toxic Substances Strategies 9-26
Chemical Testing 9-28
Existing Chemical Review .................... 9-29
New Chemical Review. . 9-32
Asbestos-in-Buildings . . . . . . . 9-33
Regional Toxics Program 9-34
OPTS Title III 9-36
ENFORCEMENT
Toxic Substances Enforcement 9-40
Toxic Substances Enforcement 9-41
Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants. .............. 9-43
OPTS Title III Enforcement 9-44
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
TOTAL, Toxic Substances
$43,835.9 $45,101.4 $44,996.7 $47,567.3 $2,570.6
$79,031.8 $82,056.8 $81,236.0 $42,920.7 -$38,315.3
$15,351.8 $17,161.4 $16,986.4 $16,737.2 -$249.2
$138,219.5 $144,319.6 $143,219.1 $107,225.2 -$35,993.9
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
822.8 864.7 861.8 880.6 18.8
863.1 875.0 871.6 880.6 9.0
$130,925.1 $143,954.6 $142,854,6 $113,155.2 $29,699.4
Authorization for the Toxic Substances Control Act expired
on September 30, 1983. Reauthorization is pending.
NOTE: 1988 Actual does not include $105.0 discussed in OPTS Title III. It is included
in the Superfund media total for 1988.
9-1
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Toxic Substances media covers programs implemented under four
environmental statutes, all of which are focused on control of toxic chemical
use. The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) provides the authority and
responsibility to protect human health and the environment from unreasonable
risks arising from the manufacture, distribution, use or disposal of existing
and new chemicals. The Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA) directs
the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to assist states and local
educational agencies (LEAs) in determining the extent of risks from exposure to
asbestos containing materials. The Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act
(AHERA) imposes inspection and abatement requirements on all public and private
elementary and secondary schools, and requires EPA to examine the issue of
asbestos in public and commercial buildings. Finally, section 313 of Title 111
of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) requires EPA to
establish an inventory of toxic chemical emissions from certain facilities as
part of a broader emergency planning and community right-to-know program.
To carry out its mandates under the laws, EPA will implement the following
major goals in 1990: 1) ensure new chemicals, including products of
biotechnology, do not enter commerce without appropriate controls; 2) identify
existing chemicals which pose unreasonable risks; 3) reduce risks from future
marketing and use of existing chemicals; 4) remove especially toxic chemicals,
such as asbestos and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), from continued use; and
5) ensure strong enforcement and research and development support.
Ensure New Chemicals Do Not Enter Commerce Without Proper Controls
The New Chemical Review program reflects the preventive philosophy of TSCA
by reviewing new chemicals for risks before they are manufactured or imported.
The number of new chemical submissions received under section 5 of TSCA will
reach an estimated 3,000 notices in 1990. New biotechnology product reviews,
particularly those involving deliberate releases to the environment through
field experiments, are expected to increase significantly. This increase
reflects continued growth in the market for genetically engineered
microorganisms and the expectation that many small scale research and
development applications will reach full scale commercial development by 1990.
EPA must review all submissions and impose appropriate controls or ban the
manufacture or import of certain products in order to ensure protection of
public health and the environment.
Identify Existing Chemicals Which Pose Unreasonable Risks
The Toxic Substances program carries out its review function on hundreds
of thousands of existing chemicals in order to identify those which pose
unreasonable risks by pursuing a multifaceted strategy:
o New data on chemicals are screened to identify hazards;
o Data in the possession of industry on manufacturing and use of
chemicals are collected on chemicals of concern;
9-2
-------
o Industry is required to conduct studies and to do testing to fill data
gaps on chemicals of concern;
o Annual data on emissions and discharges of toxic chemicals are.
collected and made available to the public and other environmentall
programs at the Federal, state and local level;
o Risk assessments on suspect chemicals are conducted to determine
whether controls should be imposed on their future use.
There are important new aspects of this strategy for 1990. A test rule
will be completed to fill data gaps identified in the Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry's (ATSDR) toxicological profiles developed
under section 110 of SARA. TSCA section 4 testing is identified in section 110
as a major mechanism for carrying out the mandated research program on
chemicals which are found at known Superfund sites.
A test rule will also be completed to fill data 'gaps identified by the
SARA section 313 Toxic Release Inventory (TRI). The TRI is the public
inventory created from the submission of reports showing annual emissions and
discharges of toxic chemicals by virtually all manufacturers and significant
users of over 300 toxic chemicals. This new inventory is expected to identify
new cases of possible exposure to toxic substances, which will lead to further
investigation of these chemicals. In 1990 the second set of annual submissions
will be processed and added to the inventory, and the data will be made
available to the public.
Reduce Risks from Future Marketing and Use of Existing Chemicals
The Existing Chemicals program will focus on those chemicals for which,
there is the maximum potential for reducing risks through governmental
intervention, and which cannot be controlled effectively by other Federal
regulatory programs. The program will continue its work on controlling
asbestos, PCBs and chlorinated solvents. It will add work on dioxins and
furans and other chemicals, which are identified through such mechanisms as the
TRI and by other Federal programs, for regulation under TSCA.
Remove Especially Toxic Chemicals from Continued Use
Some chemicals pose such unreasonable risks that controls on their use are
not always sufficient and in many cases they must be removed from continued
use. Two chemicals already subject to such removal actions are PCBs and
asbestos used in schools. A major new initiative in this area in 1990 is the
consolidation of the Asbestos-in-Schools program into a broader program related
to asbestos in buildings. The Asbestos-in-Buildings program will implement the
key recommendations made in the 1988 Report to Congress on asbestos in public
and commercial buildings, including studies to develop improved data on
exposure to asbestos in public and commercial buildings and to evaluate various
mitigation methods.
In addition, to support the Agency's efforts to ensure that the removal of
these especially toxic chemicals from continued use does not result in an
actual increase in public health risk because of improper handling, the Agency
will establish a Regional Toxics program to complement the existing toxic
substances compliance program. This new program will work with the states to
9-3
-------
help them become more active in program operations for the Asbestos-in-
Buildings and PCS programs. This effort will seek to build a coordinated
Federal/state program in these two areas.
Ensure Strong Toxic Substances Enforcement
The major objective of the Agency's Toxic Substances Enforcement program
is to maintain an efficient and effective national compliance monitoring
program with appropriate coverage of all enforceable TSCA regulations. The
enforcement program depends increasingly upon the assistance of state agencies
which conduct compliance monitoring inspections under the terms of cooperative
enforcement agreements. Twenty-two states currently participate in the TSCA
cooperative agreement program and this number is expected to increase by seven
to ten states in 1990. State programs emphasize compliance monitoring of
existing chemical control rules, particularly those for asbestos and PCBs!
Since the states cannot initiate TSCA enforcement actions without meeting
certain strict criteria of equivalency provided for in the law, the Agency is
responsible for case development and prosecution for all detected violations,
whether originating from state- or EPA-conducted inspections.
Of concern to both EPA and the public is controlling hazards from asbestos
and assuring the proper storage and disposal of PCBs. The enforcement program
is placing a growing emphasis on conducting a comprehensive compliance program
in these areas, including more frequent and comprehensive inspections at PCB
disposal sites, and will be targeting inspections at brokers, storers and
transporters of such materials.
The Toxic Substances Enforcement program also supports the enforcement
provisions of SARA Title III. Prior to the time that these provisions became
fully enforceable, the Agency provided compliance assistance to the regulated
community, the states, and local authorities. With all sections of Title III
now fully enforceable, EPA has begun an inspection program to ensure that
manufacturers, processors, and users of subject chemicals comply with section
313 requirements to submit reports of the annual emissions and discharges of
toxic chemicals.
Ensure Strong Research and Development Support
The Office of Research and Development (ORD) will continue to support the
Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) by performing research in the areas of test
method development and validation; biomarkers, dosimetry and extrapolation;
exposure monitoring; environmental engineering and technology; special human
data needs; structure activity relationships (SARs); environmental fate and
transport; ecology risk assessment; and biotechnology. In addition, research
efforts will focus on development and evaluation of asbestos abatement, control
and monitoring technologies, emission and monitoring methods for SARA Title III
chemicals, and increased health and environmental effects and engineering work
in biotechnology.
Consulting Services
Consulting services are used on an intermittent basis to supplement
technical expertise needed in the asbestos program.
9-4
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Actual
1988
Current
Estiaate
1989
Estimate
1990
Increase+
Decrease-
1990 vs.
1989
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
Existing Chemical Review
Section 8(e), FYI's Received
Section 8 Reports
Section 8 and 5(a) Rules
Preliminary Risk Assessments
Detailed Risk Assessments....
List 2 Inerts Screened
PCB Disposal Permits.
Option Selections
Rulemakings
Section 9 Referrals
PCB Exemptions
Asbestos Ban Exemptions.. . . . .
New Chemical Review
Rulemakings
New Chemical Submissions.....
New Chemical Control Actions
Biotechnology Notices.
Biotechnology Control Actions
New Chemical SNURS
Receipt of Test Data.
Bona Fide Submissions.
Commencement Notices
Chemical Testing
ITC Testing Actions
Non-ITC Testing Actions
Test Guidelines
Test Standard Modifications.,
Interim Test Program Reviews
Final Test Program Reviews
417
601
14
15
2
15
12
2
4
0
12
1
3,039
180
13
3
50
387
1,239
14
1
1
30
3
4
400
,050
9
10
2
35
12
3
4
1
10
15
3
2,800
140
65
15
185
30
500
1,200
20
2
2
60
7
12
400
,320
11
20
6
50
12
4
1
1
10
15
0
3,000
140
' 155
30
185
30
600
1,200
20
3
2
75
12
17
+270
+2
+10
+4
+15
+1
-3
-3
+200
+90
+15
+100
+1
+15
+5
+5
. 9-5
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES (continued)
Actual
1988
Current
Estinate
1989
Estioate
1990
Increase+
Decrease-
1990 vs.
1989
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
Title III
TRI Forms Received
TRI Forms Processed
Notices of Noncompliance...
Receipt of Corrected Forms.
Petitions Received
On-Site Technical Audits...
Suspect Tech. Data Review..
Rulemakings
71,109
71,109
3,000
20
Asbestos-in-Schools Loans and Grants
Abatement Projects Funded... 226
Exposure Hours Reduced 2,000,000
Asbestos-in-Buildings*
Abatement Projects Closed out 320
State Programs Developed.... 11
Enforcement Actions
Title III Inspections 153
Title III Administrative Orders 0
Laboratory Inspections 10
Test Study Audits 27
Inspections, Sec. 5 330
Inspections, Sec. 6
PCS Inspections**. 1,935
Asbestos Inspections***.... 1,614
Inspections, Sec. 8 185
150,000
100,000
30,000
28,000
10
200
1,000
0
450
3,300,000
590
11
735
265
10
47
306
1,800
2,180
100
200,000
150,000
35,000
35,000
10
100
1,000
1
600
16
960
380
15
73
200
2,175
2,555
100
+50,000
+50,000
+5,000
+7,000
-100
+1
+10
+5
+225
+115
+5
+26
-106
+375
+375
*1988 and 1989 outputs were accomplished under Asbestos-in-Schools
Program Administration and Contractor Certification programs, which are
merged in 1990 into the Asbestos-in-Buildings program.
**Includes Federal and state inspections
***Includes Federal, state and contractor inspections
9-6
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Research and
Development
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
TOXIC SUBSTANCES 9-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Toxics Substances Research. 9-7
Scientific Assessment 9-14
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance ............ 9-14
Health Effects ...... ........ 9-16
Environmental Engineering and Technology 9-17
Environmental Processes and Effects. .... 9-18
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Research
ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment -
Toxic Substances
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Toxic Substances
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Health Effects - Toxic
Substances
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Toxic
Substances
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Toxic
Substances
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
$219.8
$208.0
$427.8
$1,447.7
$3,351.6
$4,799.3
$3,231.0
$5,318.2
$8,549.2
$568.7
$2,050.7
$2,619.4
$5,555.5
$4,423.3
$9,978.8
$239.1
$208.0
$447 . 1
$1,505.3
$3,423.6
$4,928.9
$3,479.1
$7,356.3
$10,835.4
$626.1
$1,712.6
$2,338.7
$5,309.5
$4,460.9
$9,770.4
$107'.!
$7.2
$114.3
$1,479.7
$3,420.4
$4,900.1
$3,428.4
$7,356.3
$10,784.7
$623.4
$1,711.1
$2,334.5
$5,367.9
$4,491.4
$9,859.3
$122.0
$55.6
$177.6
$1,555.0
$3,820.4
$5,375.4
$3,525.6
$5,506.3
$9,031.9
$636.9
$2,313.5
$2,950.4
$5,429.3
$5,041.4
$10,470.7
$14.9
$48.4
$63,3
$75.3
$400.0
$475.3
$97.2
•$1,850.0
•$1,752.8
$13.5
$602.4
$615.9
$61.4
$550.0
$611.4
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
Toxic Substances
Research
$11,022.7 $11,159.1 $11,006.5 $11.268.8 $262.3
$15,351.8 $17,161.4 $16,986.4 -$16,737.2 -$249.2
TOTAL $26,374.5 $28,320.5 $27,992.9 $28,006.0 $13.1
9-7
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Research
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -|
1989 1990 VS 1989
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Toxic Substances
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Toxic Substances
Health Effects - Toxic-
Substances
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Toxic
Substances
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Toxic
Substances
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
3.9
22.7
60.5
8.8
81.2
177.1
4.0
25.1
61.6
11.0
85.6
187.3
2.0
25.1
62.6
11.0
86.2
186.9
2.0
25.0
62.4
11.0
85.5
185.9
-.1
-.2
-.7
-1.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Toxic Substances
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Toxic Substances
Health Effects - Toxic
Substances
3.9
24.1
64.0
4.0
25.1
61.6
2.0
25.1
62.6
2.0
25.0
62.4
-.1
-.2
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Toxic
Substances
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Toxic
Substances
TOTAL WORKYEARS
9.5
11.0
11.0
11.0
85.4
186.9
85.6
187.3
86.2
186.9
85.5
185.9
- .7
-1.0
9-8
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Research
Principal Outputs by Objective
Objective 1: Develop and Validate Test Methods in Support of TSCA Studies
L990:
1989:
1988:
Progress report on determining dose for small aquarium animals
fish used in chronic bioassays (Environmental Processes)
Report on chemometric research (Monitoring)
Report: Carcinogenicity of the widely used herbicide alachlor in
freshwater and marine fishes (Environmental Processes)
Evaluation of the sensitivity of a screening procedure with
specific reproductive toxins (Health)
Objective 2:
Extrapolation
1990: o
Perform Research on Biological Markers. Dosimetrv and
1988: o
Evaluation of biological models for prediction of tumorigenesis
for asbestos and other mineral fibers (Health)
Evaluation of potential use for biological markers in human
exposure monitoring studies (Monitoring)
Structure activity correlation of the reproductive effects of
diazo dyes administered in utero (Health)
Objective 3: Provide Information on Special Human Data Needs
1989: o Report on the effects of asbestos exposure on teachers (Health)
Objective 4: Perform Ecological Research Including Transport. Fate and Field
Validation
L990:
1989:
Report describing structure activity relationships (SAR) in uptake
of chemicals by plants (Environmental Processes)
Internal report on transfer mechanisms of chemicals to eggs and
offspring of avians (Environmental Processes)
Objective 5: Perform Engineering Research in Support of TSCA
1990: o Report on the feasibility of a testing/certification program for
asbestos equipment and materials (Engineering)
9-9
-------
1988:
Report on advanced development of methodologies for estimating
protective clothing performance for the PUN review process)
(Engineering)
Study of workplace exposure in the polymer processing industry
(Engineering)
Oblective 6: Perform Exposure Monitoring Research
1990:
Interim report on blood/breath monitoring for total human exposure
to toxic pollutants (Monitoring)
Progress report on modeling pollutant sources and human activity
patterns associated with exposure to toxic pollutants (Monitoring)
Obiective 7: Develop Structure Activity Relationships Data
1990:
1989:
Report documenting application of expert systems for predicting
reactivity parameters for PMN Chemicals (Environmental Processes)
Final report on SAR methods for predicting metabolism from
chemical structure (Environmental Processes)
Obiective 8: Perform Research In Biotechnology
L990:
1989:
1988:
Interim report to assess methods of recombinant bacteria in
terrestrial ecosystems (Environmental Processes)
Report on the survival, persistence and expression of genetically
engineered viruses in vitro and in vivo under laboratory
conditions (Health)
Report: Fate and survival of altered microbes and genetic
material in the terrestrial environment (Environmental Processes)
Guidelines for monitoring releases of microbes (Monitoring)
Objective 9: Perform Studies on Ecotoxicity and Develop Environmental Risk
Assessment Protocols
1990:
1989:
1988:
Users manual update of stratified lake transport model for risk
assessment (Environmental Processes)
Report on the comparison of laboratory microcosms and natural pond
responses to Dursban (Environmental Processes)
Report documenting the coupled plant-soil model and software for
predicting the fate of xenobiotic chemicals in terrestrial plants
(Environmental Processes)
9-10
-------
Objective 10: Provide Support Services for TSCA Studies
1990: o Guidelines for use of human exposure model in regulatory review
and report on production of reference materials for quality
control (Monitoring)
1989: o Annual report on production of quality control materials and
asbestos for routine monitoring procedures (Monitoring)
1988: o Annual report on the asbestos audit program (Monitoring)
9-11
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $28,006,000 supported by 185.9 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $13,100 and a decrease of 1.0 workyear from
1989. Of the request, $11,268,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $16^737,200 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation, an increase of $262,300 and a decrease of $249,200,
respectively. »
Program Objectives
The Toxic Substances research program supports the Office of Toxic
Substances (OTS) by providing the scientific tools and supporting information
needed to implement the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), the Asbestos
Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) and Title III of the Superfund Amendments
and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA).
Objective 1. Develop and Validate Test Methods for TSCA Studies. This
research develops and validates health and environmental testing protocols to
be incorporated into TSCA Section fa guidelines, risk assessment methods, and
analytical methods for identifying and quantifying environmental pollutants.
Objective 2. Perform Health Research on Biological Markers. Dosimetry and
Extrapolation. This effort develops methods for extrapolating from high to low
doses between mammalian species to enhance risk assessment predictability and
capability. Research also focuses on developing biomonitoring techniques and
applying biochemical indicators of exposure and effects to the study of
populations exposed to toxicants.
Objective 3. Provide Information on Special Human Data Needs. This
activity focuses on investigations of human populations exposed to
environmental pollutants. This research will help determine whether
biological indicators of dose and/or effects are related to environmental
levels of exposure and if they are correlated with adverse effects measured by
traditional methods. This research provides an important component to the
Agency's overall ability to accurately estimate risks from exposure to
chemicals and make regulatory decisions under TSCA.
Objective 4. Perform Ecological Research Including Transport. Fate, and
Field Validation. This research focuses on developing and conducting exposure
and hazard assessments of chemicals in water, air, and multimedia
environments. This work is conducted in response to the TSCA requirement that
the Agency take into account ecological risks when making regulatory
decisions. Work focuses on inclusion of identified transport and
transformation processes, pathways of exposure, population characteristics,
environmental features and hazard assessment techniques.
9-12
-------
Objective 5. Perform Engineering Research in Support of TSCA. This
research focuses on the development of models to predict the release of andl
exposure to new and existing chemicals. The program addresses those classes"
of chemicals for which the Agency does not have adequate information on the
degree to which existing control systems limit their release, resulting in
more effective Pre-Manufacture Notification (PMN) decisions.
Objective 6. Perform Exposure Monitoring Research. This research
develops methods and evaluates data bases and statistical tools to improve
exposure monitoring. Multimedia monitoring methods and data analysis
techniques are designed and tested to characterize human exposure to chemicals
of concerns.
Objective 7. Develop Structure Activity Relationships Data. These
research efforts develop predictive methods (structure activity relationships)
to provide a tool for determining whether new chemicals pose unreasonable risk
1 or require further testing. Structure activity relationships data are
important for reviewing and screening PMN chemicals under Section 5 of TSCA.
The findings and techniques established by this research will be used to select
appropriate toxicity tests, to document test results, to develop fate and
effects data bases, and to provide the modeling means to predict toxicity.
Objective 8. Perform Research in Biotechnology. Research in this area
develops methods to assess the potential health and environmental hazards of
biotechnology products. Methods are also being developed to monitor, contain
and destroy genetically engineered* organisms from releases and manufacturing
processes.
Objective 9. Perform Studies on Ecotoxicity and Develop Environmental
Risk Assessment Protocols. Research in this area focuses on development of
methodologies and models to determine risks posed to ecosystems by exposure to
environmental pollutants. The program is currently developing environmental
risk assessment protocols for both aquatic and terrestrial systems which will
be used in evaluating risks from both new and existing chemicals.
Objective 10. Provide Support Services for TSCA Studies. This research
provides support, for risk and exposure assessments, quality assurance,
dissemination of reference standards and quality assurance reagents as well as
expert consultation on problems associated with the evaluation of PMN chemicals
and other toxic substances.
Objective 11. Perform Research on Community Right-to-Know Issues (SARA
Title III). This new research effort will evaluate and validate emission
estimation techniques and monitoring methods to be used by industry and the
Office of Toxic Substances in support of the Community Right-to-Know provisions
of the Superfund Amendments Reauthorization Act (SARA).
Objective 12. Perform Asbestos Research. Research in this area focuses
on testing and evaluating: asbestos abatement and control technologies and on
development of sampling techniques for asbestos in support of the Asbestos
Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA).
9-13
-------
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT .
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $177,600 supported by 2.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $122,000 will be for Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $55,600 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents increases of $14,900 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $48,400 in the Research and Development
appropriation and no change in total workyears. The increase in the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation reflects increased personnel and support costs. The
increase in the Research and Development appropriation will be used to fund new
research in support of SARA Title III implementation.
Provide Support Services for TSCA Activities. Scientific assessment
support will be provided for preparation, consultation and review of OTS
generated assessments of cancer, mutagenicity, adverse reproductive/
developmental effects, and exposure. These activities will support decision
making under TSCA (existing chemicals program, PMN review, and test guidelines
and test rule development).
Perform Research on Community Right-to-Know Issues (SARA Title III).
Chemical profiles will be prepared and installed into the Agency's Integrated
Risk Information System (IRIS) to provide information to various governmental
agencies and the public on the health effects of chemicals released into the
environment.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $114,300 supported by 2.0
total workyears for this program, of which $107,100 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,200 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. The 1989 program is providing support for preparation and
review of risk and exposure assessments and developing protocols for
environmental risk assessments.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $427,800 supported by 3.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $219,800 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $208,000 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. In 1988, a review of 2,4-TDA was conducted and assistance was
provided for data review on reproductive and developmental toxicity of diglymes
and phenol. ' . •
MODELING. MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,375,400 supported by 25.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,555,000 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,820,400 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents increases of $75,300 in the Salaries and
9-14
-------
Expenses appropriation and $400,000 in the Research and Development
appropriation and a decrease of 0.1 total workyears. The increase in the.
Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects increased personnel and support'
costs. The increase in the Research and Development appropriation will be used
to fund additional research on asbestos monitoring and for implementation of
SARA Title III. The workyear reduction reflects a consolidation of resources
for the Regional Scientists Program within the Interdisciplinary media.
Develop and Validate Test Methods for TSCA Studies. Biological and
chemical techniques will be developed and evaluated to identify and quantify
pollutants in both humans and the environment. This information provides the
exposure component for conducting risk assessments. New efforts will study
infrared spectra to develop and validate effective and economical analytical
and biological methodologies for routine measurements.
Perform Health Research on Biological Markers. Dosim'etr'y and
Extrapolation. Existing genetic, immunological and biochemical biomarkers will
be pilot tested for suitability as markers of exposure to pollutants. The use
of DNA protein adducts as biomarkers will be explored. Biomarkers will provide
a quick, accurate, and cost-effective means to detect the presence of toxicants
in body tissue which cannot currently be detected using conventional monitoring
methods.
Perform Exposure Monitoring Research. Research in this area will develop
monitoring systems and models to estimate human exposure to pollutants via
multiple pathways. Statistical survey procedures and data analysis techniques
will be used to produce predictive techniques in microenvironments andi
categorize human activity patterns. This research will improve exposure"
assessment capabilities for regulatory efforts.
Perform Research in Biotechnology. Monitoring procedures and methods for
sampling for genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) will be standardized
for monitoring routine releases of GEMs into the environment. Bioaerosol
formation will be studied and half-life determinations will be performed.
Provide Support Services for TSCA Activities. Monitoring and quality
assurance support will continue for the production of reference standards and
quality assurance reagents. Quality assurance guidelines will be produced for
data management procedures for bioassays. Computerized approaches for risk
evaluation will be tested by application of geographic information system (CIS)
technology to existing exposure data collected by the program office.
Perform Research on Community Right-to-Know Issues (SARA Title III).
Validated sampling and analytical methods will be provided to support
environmental and exposure monitoring investigations of chemical releases of
SARA Title III chemicals. Reference standards and quality assurance materials
will be synthesized or procured and added to the Agency's Hazardous Materials
and Toxic Chemical repository. Research will be conducted to use CIS
technology to model environmental pollution from multimedia emission sources.
Perform Asbestos Research. Research will support the implementation of
the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) by developing sampling and
analysis protocols to monitor exposure to airborne asbestos.
9-15
-------
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,900,100 supported by 25.1
total workyears for this program, of which $1,479.,700 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,420,400 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. The 1989 program is continuing support for exposure monitoring,
developing analytical methods and providing quality assurance support and
standard reference materials. Factors important in the dispersal of
genetically engineered organisms are being identified and described.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $4,799,300 supported by 24.1
total workyears for this program, of which $1,447,700 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,351,600 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. Biological monitoring methods and biomarkers were evaluated for
their possible use in human monitoring studies. Consumer product models and
initial comparisons of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were-completed.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,031,900 supported by 62.4 total
workyears for this program, .of which $3,525,600 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,506,300 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $97,200 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and a decrease of $1,850,000 in the Research and
Development appropriation and a decrease of 0.2 total workyears. The increase
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects increased personnel and
support costs. The decrease in the Research and Development appropriation
reflects a shift of funding for asbestos research conducted by the Health
Effects Institute (HEI) from ORD to OPTS. The workyear decrease reflects a
consolidation of resources for the Regional Scientist Program within the
Interdisciplinary media.
Develop and Validate Test Methods for TSCA Studies. Health research will
focus on developing bioassay methods for predicting non-cancer endpoints, with
particular emphasis on neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity and developmental
toxicity. These methodologies are used to evaluate industry submitted data on
health effects of new chemicals to provide test guidelines which ensure that
the data is accurate, reproducible and consistent.
Perform Health Research on Biological Markers. Dosiraetrv and
Extrapolation. This research will provide improved methods for extrapolation
from animal data to assess human health risks. This research provides an
important component to the risk assessment process. Emphasis will be placed on
target organ dosimetry, including oral, dermal and inhalation routes of
exposure, to determine if the equivalent doses reaching the target site produce
equivalent effects.
Provide Information On Special Human Data Needs. Research will examine
the application of biological markers to human populations groups exposed to
9-16
-------
environmental contaminants which are suspect toxicants. Methods will be
developed to directly measure genetic damage in humans and to define the health!
effects of such damage. Efforts will also be initiated to use laboratory
estimates of molecular dose for epidemiology studies of humans highly exposed
to toxic agents.
Develop Structure Activity Relationships Data. Methods for predicting
enzymatic, mutagenic, carcinogenic and other biological activities from
molecular structure of chemicals will be developed using pattern recognition
and statistical and thermodynamic techniques. Research results provide a rapid
method for predicting effects of new chemicals based on known data for
chemicals of similar structure.
Perform Research in Biotechnology. Potential dispersal capability of
bioengineered organisms will be studied, along with their potential health
hazards. Health studies will compare the effects of these organisms and
naturally occurring strains on mammalian gut flora. Research will also be
initiated to determine the interaction on invertebrate viruses with human and
other vertebrate cells. This research supports the PMN review process for
biotechnology products.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,784,700 supported by 62.6
total workyears for this program, of which $3,428,400 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,356,300 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. The 1989 program is developing test methods in support of TSCA*
Section 4 test guidelines, conducting research on extrapolation, biological
markers, and structure activity relationships, and assessing potential health
effects from genetically engineered organisms. In 1989, $2,000,000 of Research.
and Development funds will be used by the Health Effects Institute (HEI) to
conduct asbestos research.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $8,549,200 supported by 64.0
total workyears for this program, of which $3,231,000 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,318,200 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. Twenty-three reports were issued in the following research
areas: methods development; biomarkers; structure activity relationships; and
biotechnology.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total 'of $2,950,400 supported by 11.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $636,900 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,313,500 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $13,500 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and- $602,400 in the Research and Development^
appropriation. There is no change in total workyears. The increase in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects increased personnel and support
9-17
-------
costs. The increase in the Research and Development appropriation will be used
to fund additional research on asbestos, SARA Title III, and biotechnology.
Perform Engineering Research in Support of TSCA. Predictive techniques
for potential toxic releases and exposures from processing and manufacturing
new chemicals will be developed. Research will focus on priority dye-class
compounds, as determined by the Interagency Testing Committee, for improving
their treatability in wastewater systems with respect to their toxicity.
Perform Research in Biotechnology. A comprehensive risk-management model
will be developed by completing several industrial-process and worker personal
protection equipment evaluations to support the TSCA PMN review process. An
effort will be initiated to investigate operator/process equipment interactions
and actual plant data on the source and approximate magnitude of release and
worker exposure will be acquired. Evaluation of this work supports the TSCA
requirement to evaluate biotechnology products for workplace exposure during
manufacturing and processing.
Perform Research on Community Right-to-Know Issues (SARA Title III).
Industrial scenarios where current release estimation is very difficult and
uncertain will be identified. These scenarios will be analyzed in an attempt
to develop three levels of estimation certainty based on the amount of
information known.
Perform Asbestos Research. Research efforts will focus on identifying
factors that, must be included in the design of abatement in tall buildings,
improving protocols for abatement equipment and materials and evaluating
decontamination techniques.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,334,500 supported by 11.0
total workyears for this program, of which $623,400 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,711,100 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. The 1989 program is developing information on release,
exposure and control measures for. new and existing chemicals in the workplace,
particularly genetically engineered organisms.
1988 Accomplishments .
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $2,619,400 supported by 9.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $568,700 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,050,700 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. In 1988, the final clean-up phase of abatement at twenty
schools was evaluated and revealed that the areas were determined to be cleared
using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,470,700 supported by 85.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $5,429,300 will be for the Salaries and
9-18
-------
Expenses appropriation and $5,041,400 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents increases of $61,400 and $550,000,|
respectively, and a decrease of 0.7 total workyears. The increase in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects increased personnel and support
costs. The increase in the Research and Development appropriation will be used
to fund additional biotechnology research and purchase needed equipment for the
new Gulf .Breeze laboratory. The workyear decrease reflects a consolidation of
resources for the Regional Scientists Program within the Interdisciplinary
media.
Develop and Validate Test Methods for TSCA Studies. This research will
develop and evaluate test methods for assessing the impact of existing
chemicals on aquatic biota (freshwater and marine) and on habitat alterations.
Tests on bioavailability, on comparisons of hazard ranking and of single
.species effects (e.g., carcinogenicity) will be improved. Short-term cancer
assays will be developed. Such information will directly support development
of TSCA Section 4 guidelines.
Perform Ecological Research Including Transport. Fate and Field
Validation. Environmental process models will be developed based on toxicant
sources, exposure pathways, exposed populations and toxicant levels. Methods
will be developed to determine exposure transformation rates and community
level effects. Terrestrial investigations will focus on bird studies with
regard to toxic effects on immunity and the transfer mechanisms of toxic
effects to eggs and offspring. This research will support the TSCA. PMN
process and Section 4 test rule development.
Develop Structure Activity Relationships Data. This research will develop
and evaluate structure activity relationships as predictors of a chemicals fate
and biological effects. Results of this research will provide a quick method
for predicting effects of new chemicals submitted under TSCA Section 5 by using
existing data for chemicals of similar structure.
Perform Research in Biotechnology. This research will develop methods,
analytical techniques and testing protocols for estimating survival, fate and
effects of genetically altered microbes and the stability within their genetic
pool. Methods will be developed for detecting gene persistence and transfer.
This information will aid OTS in reviewing PMN applications for products of
biotechnology.
Perform Studies on Ecotoxicity and Develop Environmental Risk Assessment
Protocols. Research efforts will provide mathematical integration of exposure
and effects research. Predictive models and methodology will be subjected to
field testing. Ecosystem impacts and recovery potential will be determined.
These environmental risk assessment methods will substantially enhance the
Agency's ability to regulate chemicals under Sections 4 and 5 of TSCA.
Provide Support Services for TSCA Activities. Environmental process
efforts will support OTS on complex problems associated with the evaluations of
PMN chemicals, including products of biotechnology.
9-19
-------
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,859,300 supported by 86.2
total workyears for this program, of which $5,367,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,491,400 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. This program is developing test methods in support of TSCA
Section 4 guidelines, conducting research on transport, fate and field
validation, and developing structure-activity relationships data. Work is also
being performed on the development of environmental risk assessment methods, as
well as research to determine the environmental effects of genetically
engineered organisms.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $9,978,800 supported by 85.4
total workyears for this program, of which $5,555,500 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,423,300 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. In 1988, twenty-one major reports were produced across six
research areas, including toxicant effects on biota, genetically manipulated
organisms, degradation of toxicants, modeling and extrapolation of
environmental data and SAR methods for predicting pollution impacts.
9-20
-------
Abatement and
Control
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
TOXIC SUBSTANCES 9-1
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Toxic Substances Financial Assistance .9-21
Asbestos-in-Schools Loans and Grants 9-23
Asbestos-in-Schools Program Administration 9-24
Asbestos-in-Schools Contractor and Inspector Certification . . . 9-25
Toxic Substances Strategies 9-26
Chemical Testing ; 9-28
Existing Chemical Review ........ 9-29
New Chemical Review. ....... 9-32
Asbestos-in-Buildings 9-33
Regional Toxics Program 9-34
OPTS Title III. 9-36
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances - Financial Assistance
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Asbestos-In-School -
Abatement Loans and
Grants
Abatement Control and $37,975.9 $45,000.0 $45,000.0 -$45,000.0
Compliance
TOTAL $37,975.9 $45,000.0 $45,000.0 -$45,000.0
Asbestos-In-School -
Program Administration
Salaries & Expenses $497.6 $559.2 $559.2 -$559.2
Abatement Control and $6,744,2 $4,520.0 $4,520.0 -$4,520.0
Compliance
TOTAL $7,241.8 $5,079.2 $5,079.2 -$5,079.2
Asbestos-In-School -
Contractor
Certification Program
Abatement Control and $5,996.3 $800.0 $800.0 -$800.0
Compliance
TOTAL $5,996.3 $800.0 $800.0 -$800.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $497.6 ' $559.2 $559.2 -$559.2
Abatement Control and $50,716.4 $50,320.0 $50,320.0 -$50,320.0
Compliance
Toxic Substances - TOTAL $51,214.0 $50,879.2 $50,879.2 -$50,879.2
Financial Assistance
9-21
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances - Financial Assistance
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Asbestos-In-School -
Program Administration
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
9.4
9.4
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
-11.0
-11.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Asbestos-In-School -
Program Administration
TOTAL WORKYEARS
9.8
9.8
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
-11.0
-11.0
9-22
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Financial Assistance
Budget Request
The Agency requests no funding in 1990 under this subactivity. All
asbestos-related funding for 1990 is now found within the Toxic Substances
Strategies subactivity, under the Asbestos-in-Buildings program. This is a
decrease of $50,879,200 and 11.0 total workyears in this subactivity from 1989.
Of the decrease, $559,200 is in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$50,320,000 is in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
ASBESTOS-IN-SCHOOLS LOANS AND GRANTS
1990 Program Request
No .funds are requested for this program in 1990. This represents a
decrease of $45,000,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation
from 1989. The decrease reflects the Agency's decision not to request funds
for loans and grants for asbestos abatement in schools. Previous Federal
funding has already greatly reduced the need for further Federal intervention.
Over $200,000,000 will have been spent on the asbestos problem in schools
through 1989. Furthermore, many states have initiated active asbestos
management or contractor accreditation programs for schools and should be able
to continue these activities. Hence, the Agency believes these activities
should now be the responsibility of state and local governments.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating $45,000,000 for this program, all of
which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The Agency will administer its fifth loan and grant award cycle under the
Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA) to help local education agencies
(LEAs) across the nation to abate asbestos hazards. The Agency will solicit
applications from schools, award grants and loans and monitor abatement
activities.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $37,975,900 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The Agency awarded $22,600,000 to 103 public school districts and private
schools for 226 individual abatement projects, mostly removals. This brings
the total for federal assistance from 1984 through 1988 to over $150,000,000.
These funds were provided to approximately 650 LEAs for nearly 1,800 individual
abatement projects. When completed, these EPA-funded projects will eliminate
approximately 13.3 million exposure hours to students and employees each week.
An additional $15,000,000 was provided in 1988 to states to help schools
conduct inspections and develop asbestos management plans under the Asbestos
Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA).
9-23
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ASBESTOS-IN-SCHOOLS PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION
1990 Program Request
Funding for this program is being requested under the Asbestos-in-
Buildings program in 1990. This transfer represents decreases of $559,200 in
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $4,520,000 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, and a decrease of 11.0 total workyears in
this subactivity from 1989.
1989 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $5,079,200 supported by 11.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $559,200 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,520,000 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1989, this program will continue to focus on AHERA implementation.
Emphasis will be placed on providing compliance assistance and guidance to
states and LEAs to implement management plans which schools are required to put
into effect by July 1989. Course approvals for accreditation of asbestos
abatement inspectors, contractors and others will continue. The Agency will
provide technical assistance to school officials and building owners through
the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP), including close-out
inspections of ASHAA projects from previous years; abatement counseling on
unfunded ASHAA applicant projects; and evaluation of potential hazards in non-
school buildings. The Agency and General Services Administration (GSA) will
continue to work together on improving the management of asbestos abatement
projects in Federal buildings.
In addition, this program will provide administrative support to the
ASHAA loan and grant program. Under this program, EPA solicits applications
from schools, ranks applications in terms of hazard and financial need, and
makes award determinations in consultation with the states.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $7,241,800 supported by 9.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $497,600 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,744,200 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The Agency implemented programs to: (1) assist states and schools in
complying with the new AHERA regulatory standards on asbestos inspection,
control, and abatement; (2) help states establish AHERA accreditation programs
which govern school asbestos inspections, management planning, and response
actions; and (3) provide compliance assistance to enable schools to develop
appropriate, responsible management plans under AHERA. Further, the Agency
provided general technical assistance to school officials and other building
owners through the asbestos information and training centers, new guidance and
model training course development, and outreach at the Regional level. The
Agency developed and submitted a Report to Congress containing recommendations
on asbestos in commercial and public buildings. In addition, the Agency and
GSA initiated a pilot Asbestos in Federal Buildings project to improve the
management of asbestos abatement projects in Federal buildings.
9-24
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The Agency also administered the ASHAA loan and grant program, and a grant
program to help schools conduct inspections and develop management plans under
AHERA.
ASBESTOS-IN-SCHOOLS CONTRACTOR CERTIFICATION
1990 Program Request
Funding for this program is being requested under the Asbestos-in-
Buildings program. This transfer represents a decrease of $800,000 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation from 1989 in this subactivity.
1989 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $800,000 for this program, all of
which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The Agency will continue to encourage state management, accreditation and
training programs by developing model state legislation for asbestos management
and contractor certification and training programs. EPA will provide technical
assistance and guidance materials to help state officials meet AHERA
requirements and will initiate an evaluation of the AHERA schools program to
improve its administration and better determine its applicability to public and
commercial buildings.
1988 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $5,996,300 for this program, all of which
was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These funds were
used for 17 grants to states for inspector certification and training programs
in compliance with the EPA Model Accreditation Plan for States, published in
April 1987. The Agency also collaborated with the State of Maryland and the
National Conference of State Legislatures to conduct management plan review
training for state officials.
9-25
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Strategies
PROGRAM
Chemical Testing
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Existing Chemical
Review
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
New Chemical Review
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Asbestos -In-Buildings -
Headquarters
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Regional Toxics Program
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$4 , 544 . 2
$3,275.4
$7,819.6
$5,784.7
$6,285.1
$12,069.8
$12,010.7
$8,557.0
$20,567.7
$22,339.6
$18,117.5
. $4,155.0
$3,725.3
$7,880.3
$5,320.6
$5,904.8
$11,225.4
$12,417.9
$8,837.1
$21,255.0
$21,893.5
$18,467.2
$4,281.8
$3,219.7
$7,501.5
$5,473.7
$5,904.8
$11,378.5
$12,440.8
$8,564.1
$21,004.9
$22,196.3
$17,688.6
$4
$3
$7
$6
$5
$11
$13
$8
$22
$5
$6
$25
$23
,204
,162
,366
,068
,904
,973
,936
,564
,500
$606
,820
,426
$433
$433
,249
,451
.0
.2
.2
.9
.8
.7
.5
.1
.6
.9
.0
.9
.5
.5
.8
.1
-$77.
-$57.
-$135.
$595.
$595.
$1,495.
$1,495.
$606.
$5,820.
$6,426.
$433.
$433.
$3,053.
$5,762.
8
5
3
2
2
7
7
9
0
9
5
5
5
5
Compliance
Toxic Substances
Strategies
TOTAL $40,457.1 $40,360.7 $39,884.9 $48,700.9 $8,816.0
'9-26
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Strategies
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Chemical Testing
Existing Chemical
Review
New Chemical Review
Asbestos-In-Buildings -
Headquarters
Regional Toxics Program
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
78.4
111.6
246.7
77.9 76.2
110.0 110.0
252.6
252.6
436.7
440.5
438.8
76.2
110.0
252.6
11.0
10.0
459.8
11.0
10.0
21.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Chemical Testing
Existing Chemical
Review
New Chemical Review
Asbestos-In-Buildings -
Headquarters
Regional Toxics Program
TOTAL WORKYEARS
80.4
114.8
253.6
77.9
110.0
252.6
76.2
110.0
252.6
448.8
440.5
438.8
76.2
110.0
252.6
11.0
10.0
459.8
11,0
10,0
21.0
9-27
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Strategies
BudEet Request
The Agency requests a total of $48,700,900 supported by 459.8 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $8,816,000 and 21.0 total workyears from
1989. Of the request, $25,249,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $23,451,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This is an increase of $3,053,500 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,762,500 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
CHEMICAL TESTING
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,366,200 supported by 76.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,204,000 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,162,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents a decrease of $77,800 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, a decrease of $57,500 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, and no change in total workyears. The
decreases reflect a significant reduction in the backlog of the Interagency
Testing Committee's (ITC) testing recommendations from previous years.
In 1990, activities related to the Interagency Testing Committee's (ITC)
recommendations will include publication of 20 decisions, including eight final
actions. Data development will begin on the 25th and 26th ITC lists. Test
rules for chemicals identified by processes other than the ITC will include a
final multi-chemical rule for the Office of Drinking Water, the first final
Superfund Amendments and Reauthbrization Act (SARA) section 110 test rule to
obtain data on chemicals nominated by the Agency for Toxic Substances and
Disease Registry (ATSDR) whose toxicity profiles indicate priority data needs,
and a second proposed SARA section 110 test rule. The SARA section 110
chemicals are those found at Superfund sites. Obtaining needed data will
facilitate cleanup of the sites and help to protect the public from the
potential hazards associated with these chemicals. Section 4 of TSCA is
identified in section 110 of SARA as a major mechanism for obtaining these
data.
Work will also begin on a multi-chemical rule to cover specific Toxic
Release Inventory (SARA Title III section 313) chemicals. This rule will
require basic health and environmental data to permit the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) to determine priorities for further data development
and/or risk analysis and risk management.
Data being developed under rules promulgated in prior years will require
test program monitoring and review. In many cases testing has been required on
a "tiered" basis, with initial testing results leading to decisions either to
do additional specified tests or to terminate any further testing. Initial
data sets from such tiered testing schemes will be reviewed to determine
whether further testing is required. Final studies will be reviewed to
9-28
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determine whether data are adequate or whether further review within the
Existing Chemical program is warranted. Data from the rule which requires test
data on the content of dioxins and furans in products will be evaluated and a
determination made as to whether further risk analysis is warranted under the
Existing Chemical program.
A procedural rule for expediting test standard modification will be
completed. The Agency will also review and update published test guidelines,
which are an essential part of any test rule. Following evaluation of a
candidate list, two new test guidelines will be completed.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,501,500 supported by 76.2
total workyears for this program, of which $4,281,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,219,700 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1989, the ITC testing program will publish initial testing decisions on
seven chemicals from the 21st and 22nd ITC lists. Another 13 testing actions
on ITC chemicals will be published, including eight final rules requiring
testing to begin.
The non-ITC testing program (for chemicals identified by sources other
than the ITC) will include a proposed multi-chemical rule for the Office of
Drinking Water to support drinking water advisories and a proposed rule for
nonylphenol. Work will begin on assessing the need for chemical testing of
former pre-manufacture notice (PUN) chemicals now in full production. A
procedural rule for expediting test standard modifications will be proposed.
Two new test guidelines will be completed.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $7,819,600 supported by 80.4
total workyears for this program, of which $4,544,200 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,275,400 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
During 1988, testing actions were completed on a total of 15 chemicals.
Initial decisions included three chemicals on the 19th and 20th ITC lists;
another 11 testing decisions were published, including 10 final rules and one
enforceable consent order. Non-ITC testing actions resulted in a final test
rule covering 33 chemicals to support land disposal decisions under the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). One new test guideline was
published in 1988. To date, a total of 102 test guidelines have been developed
covering 120 methodologies.
EXISTING CHEMICAL REVIEW
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,973,700 supported by 110.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $6,068,900 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,904,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $595,200 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and no change in the Abatement, Control
9-29
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and Compliance appropriation or total workyears. The Salaries and Expenses
increase reflects increased personnel and support costs.
In 1990, information gathering and data development activities will
continue to provide EPA and others with essential data to support various risk
assessment, regulatory and hazard communication functions at both the national
and Regional levels. Eleven information gathering rules, including amendments
to the Comprehensive Assessment Information Rule (CAIR), will be published.
The program will continue to coordinate and publicize collection of the Toxic
Substances Control Act (TSCA) information and data bases to increase utility of
this unique, unpublished data. By 1990, two years of toxic release data
collected under section 313 of SARA Title III is expected to give EPA new
insights into possible exposure to existing toxic chemicals. The screening of
these data should begin to generate candidates for further information
gathering, data development and risk assessment. Headquarters staff will work
with Regions to develop cross-media risk screening and assessment methodologies
appropriate for evaluating the section 313 data. The Agency will continue to
review and take appropriate action on TSCA section 8(e) and voluntary "for your
information" (FYI) notices, incorporating the toxic release data wherever
appropriate. In addition, EPA will continue to work with the Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) on SARA section 110 data gaps and play
a substantial role in a national and international cooperative effort in the
assessment of existing chemicals.
In 1990, priority attention will be given to those existing chemicals for
which there is maximum potential for reduction of environmental and general
population risks. Work on regulatory options analysis will begin for products
found under our TSCA section 4 rule to be significantly contaminated with
chlorinated dioxins and furans. The program will also complete the
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) rule proposed in 1989 and evaluate the need for
additional rulemakings to address scrapping and salvaging of PCB-contaminated
equipment and the disposal of fluff from shredding operations. Implementation
of the permit provisions of the asbestos ban/phase out rule will begin and PCB
exemption and permit activities will continue. Headquarters will also continue
to maintain and to provide Regional offices with access to the PCB Permit
Clearinghouse.
Resources have been provided to continue the National Human Adipose Tissue
Survey in 1990 at a level which is consistent with past levels of funding,
pending the recommendations of an evaluation being conducted by the National
Academy of Sciences in 1989.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $11,378,500 supported by
110.0 total workyears for this program, of which $5,473,700 is from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $5,904,800 is from the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1989, TSCA information gathering activities will continue to generate a
significant amount of data on existing chemicals. The Agency will propose or
finalize nine information gathering rules.. Some of these rules, particularly
the section 8(a) CAIR, will provide data collection on multiple chemicals for
EPA and other interested Federal agencies. The Existing Chemicals program will
screen and quickly disseminate to the appropriate audience section 8(e) and
voluntary "for-your-information" notices; we will closely review data that
indicate multi-media environmental or high non-occupational exposure concerns.
9-30
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We will expand our risk assessment services to the EPA Regions, drawing
significantly on TSCA and Title III section 313 data to address Regional health
and ecological issues. We will continue to assist ATSDR with the development
of toxicological profiles under SARA section 110.
In 1989, PCBs, asbestos, formaldehyde, and chlorinated solvents will be'
subject to risk management analysis or action. The PCB notification and
manifesting rule will be finalized, enabling the Agency to better track the
disposal of PCB wastes and obtain information on the companies that handle and
store PCB wastes prior to disposal; a proposed PCB permit revocation rule will
establish criteria and procedures for revocation of PCB permits issued under
TSCA; the rule regarding PCB petitions for exemptions will be completed; and
the Asbestos Ban and Phase Out Rule will be completed. Options selection will
be completed on metal cleaning, aerosols and paint stripping uses of
chlorinated solvents and on formaldehyde used in wood products. Rulemaking
will be initiated for the evaluation of the metals recycling industry and
control of PCBs, lead and other contaminants found in both shredded metals and
fluff. Headquarters will also continue to maintain and to provide Regional
offices with access to the PCB Permit Clearinghouse.
An evaluation of the National Human Adipose Tissue Survey and related
blood network will be conducted by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in
1989. NAS will evaluate past applications and possible future uses of the
Survey, placing it in the context of overall Federal efforts to monitor the'
general population's exposure to various toxicants. Decisions regarding
appropriate activities and funding levels for the Survey in 1990 and beyond
will be made after the completion of the NAS evaluation.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $12,069,800 supported by 114.8
total workyears for this program, of which 5,784,700 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,285,100 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1988, 14 proposed or final information gathering section 8 or section
5(a) rules were promulgated. The section 8(a) CAIR was completed. The Agency
received 601 reports under section 8(a) and section 8(d); and 417 section 8(e)
or FYI notices. A program to use TSCA data to respond to risk related
questions from the Regions was fully implemented. Preliminary risk assessments
on 15 chemicals and detailed risk assessments on two chemicals were conducted.
Completed risk management actions included options selection on commercial
uses of asbestos; a proposed rule on PCB notification and manifesting; a
proposed rule regarding petitions for exemptions for the manufacture,
processing or distribution in commerce of PCBs; options selection on dry
cleaning uses of chlorinated solvents; a final rule placing additional
restrictions and conditions on the use of PCB transformers; and a final rule
for deregulating equipment and products contaminated with PCBs at less than the
regulatory threshold of 50 parts per million. A PCB Permit Clearinghouse was
established to serve as a centralized source of information for the Regions,
and guidance was developed for the Regions on permitting of alternative
technologies fcr PCB destruction.
9-31
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NEW CHEMICAL REVIEW
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $22,500,600 supported by 252.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $13,936,500 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $8,564,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,495,700 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and no change in the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation or total workyears. The increase in Salaries and
Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs.
In 1990, we estimate receipt of approximately 3,000 new chemical notices.
We will continue to subject new chemicals to a thorough review which includes
an emphasis on exposure concerns. About 5 percent of the PMN reviews will
result in some type of action to develop data through testing or to reduce
risks through formal or voluntary control actions. Testing of new chemicals is
usually obtained through section 5(e) consent orders which establish triggers
on production levels at which the testing must be performed. Reviews of test
data produced by previous testing arrangements will be conducted to determine
if further action should be taken on the chemical. The majority of notices
will be subject to the user fee rule published in 1988, generating
approximately $4,800,000 in revenues for deposit into the General Fund.
The Agency will fully implement the Significant New Use Program.
Significant New Use Rules (SNURs) close the loop on control actions for those
new chemicals subject to section 5 consent orders. Whereas a consent order
covers only the submitter of the original PMN, a SNUR covers all other
potential manufacturers, importers, or processors. These rules also allow the
Agency to place controls on certain other chemicals not subject to a section
5(e) order that have the potential to pose problems if not limited to certain
production levels or uses. Implementation involves writing and promulgating
significant new use notices and, when needed, modifying or revoking the
conditions of a specific SNUR and responding to requests for approval of
alternative control measures.
By 1990, the number of biotechnology notices requiring review and action
by EPA is expected to grow significantly. The majority of this growth will be
in notices dealing with deliberate release of engineered microorganisms to the
environment through field experiments and commercial use. The review of
biotechnology products poses unique risk and exposure concerns. EPA will
Involve outside experts in the biotechnology review process and will continue
efforts to facilitate public understanding of and participation in the review
of biotechnology products, particularly those involving field releases.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $21,004,900 supported by
252.6 total workyears for this program, of which $12,440,800 is from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $8,564,100 is from the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1989, the Agency will continue an effective new chemical review program
to ensure that any unreasonable health and environmental risks are addressed
before a new chemical enters the marketplace. Approximately 2,800 new chemical
notices are expected; about 5 percent of these new chemicals will result in
testing to develop needed data or formal or voluntary control actions to reduce
9-32
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risk. A fee to new chemical submitters to partially defray the cost of these
reviews took effect in October 1988; those fees are expected to generate
approximately $4,200,000 in revenues for deposit into the General Fund.
The Agency will promulgate the expedited significant new use procedural
rule. Once this more efficient follow-up mechanism is in place, the program
will be able to subject more new chemicals to significant new use control. The
program will also review and take action on test studies received as a result
of section 5(e) consent orders with testing triggers.
In 1989, the Agency will publish final rules covering biotechnology
product review and reporting under TSCA. The rules include procedures covering
submission of notices for field releases of living microorganisms and a section
5 SNUR for certain microorganisms released to the environment. An increase in
notices is expected, reflecting the continued rapid development of the market.
The program will take steps to facilitate adequate peer review and public
participation in reviews.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $20,567,700 supported by 253.6
total workyears for this program, of which $12,010,700 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $8,557,000 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
Receipt of new chemical notices reached a high of over 3,000; over 700
notices were received in the last month of the fiscal year before the user fee
took effect in late September. EPA reviewed public comments on the 1987
proposed procedural rule for expedited significant new use. The Agency alsoi
published the final rule to implement a user fee for new chemical reviews.
The Agency reviewed 13 biotechnology notices. These reviews resulted in
the issuance of three section 5(e) consent orders. Development of
biotechnology rules continued, as did coordination with other Federal agencies,
the private sector, and international organizations.
ASBESTOS-IN-BUILDINGS
1990 Program Request
"• The Agency requests a total of $6,426,900 supported by 11.0 total
workyears for this program of which $606,900 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,820,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $606,900 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $5,820,000 for the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 11.0 total
workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses and workyears reflects the
transfer of resources previously shown in the Asbestos-in-Schools Program
Administration program. The increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance
results from the transfer of resources previously shown under the Asbestos-in-
Schools Program Administration and Contractor Certification programs and
increased resources to address recommendations made in the 1988 Report to
Congress on asbestos in commercial and public buildings.
9-33
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In 1990, EPA will conduct close-out site evaluations on Asbestos School
Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA) loan and grant projects awarded in 1987 and 1988
and monitor projects awarded in 1989. Technical assistance services, including
a monthly average of 1,200 assistance contacts by phone, letter, or visits,
will be provided through AARP personnel. The Agency will continue to provide
technical assistance and guidance documents to assist schools in complying with
Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) rules, and offer counsel about
AHERA requirements to school officials, particularly those with abatement
projects that have not been addressed through the ASHAA loan and grant program.
The AHERA schools program will involve a variety of implementation
activities, including new training materials for special operations and
maintenance activities in schools and a parent/teacher guide to asbestos.
Another major activity will be helping states improve and expand their
accreditation programs, which they are required to establish under AHERA, and
other state management programs affecting schools.
In 1990, the program will complete the final studies in the evaluation of
the AHERA schools program and report on the potential applicability of the
schools program to commercial and public buildings. The Agency will also use
additional resources to carry out other recommendations from the Report to
Congress on asbestos in commercial and public buildings. These include:
encouraging an increase in the supply of qualified experts through one-time
grants to States; thermal system insulation asbestos abatement training, course
materials and guidance; and a worker training program for public buildings. EPA
public and commercial buildings efforts in 1990 will produce considerable
amounts of information regarding methods and strategies for addressing asbestos
problems in these buildings.
EPA will continue to jointly sponsor with the Health Effects Institute
(HEI) the research program started in 1989. Studies will be conducted to
develop improved data on exposure to asbestos in public and commercial
buildings and to evaluate various mitigation methods. This program includes
funding contributions from a variety of private interests, including current
and former product manufacturers, realtors, building owners and managers,
mortgage bankers, labor organizations and.environmental groups.
1989 Program
This is a new program element in 1990. In 1989 activities to support the
ASHAA and AHERA programs were contained in the Asbestos-in-Schools Program
Administration and Contractor Certification program elements.
1988 Accomplishments
This is a new program element in 1990. In 1988 activities to support the
ASHAA and AHERA programs were contained in the Asbestos-in-Schools Program
Administration and Contractor Certification program elements.
REGIONAL TOXICS PROGRAM
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $433,500 supported by 10.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $433,500 and 10.0 total
9-34
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workyears, reflecting the establishment of a new Regional presence to
coordinate and administer toxic substances regulatory programs.
In 1990, EPA will establish a toxic substances presence in the Regions to
enhance implementation of TSCA programs and facilitate the development of state|
programs. In this decentralization effort, Regional personnel will provide
expertise and perspective in implementing Headquarters program policy on the
TSCA regulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and encourage and assist
states in assuming AHERA and PCS program responsibilities.
The extensive regulation of PCBs generates a significant, ongoing need
for guidance and interpretation of existing regulations including disposal
requirements. The program will also provide technical and risk assessment
support for unanticipated local PCB issues, one example of which is the need to
monitor the waste from the shredding of household appliances (fluff) for the
presence of PCBs.
The Regions will also encourage states to assume Asbestos Hazard Emergency
Response Act (AHERA) program responsibilities; assist states in developing
programs for the accreditation of asbestos professionals; review and grant
state waiver proposals under AHERA, and provide technical assistance to'
commercial and public building owners to ensure nationally consistent and sound
environmental policies.
1989 Program
No resources are being allocated for this program in 1989. This is a new
program in 1990.
1988 Accomplishments
No resources are being allocated for this program in 1988. This is a new
program in 1990.
9-35
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
OPTS Title III
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
OPTS Title III
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Hazardous Substances
Superfund
TOTAL
$1,898.2 $3,260.5 $3,005.0 $2,102.9
$5,927.6 $7,554.1 $7,554.1 $10,904.1
$105.0
$7,930.8 $10,814.6 $10,559.1 $13,007.0
-$902.1
$3,350.0
$2,447.9
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Hazardous Substances
Superfund
OPTS Title III
$1,898.2
$5,927.6
$105.0
$3,260.5 $3,005.0 $2,102.9 -$902.1
$7,554.1 $7,554.1 $10,904.1 $3,350.0
TOTAL $7,930.8 $10,814.6 $10,559.1 $13,007.7 $2,447.9
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
OPTS Title III
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
28.4
28.4
40.3
40.3
40.3
40.3
40.9
40.9
.6
.6
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OPTS Title III
TOTAL WORKYEARS
29.9
29.9
40.9
40.9
40.9
40.9
40.9
40.9
9-36
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
OPTS Title III
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,007,000 supported by 40.9 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $2,447,900 and no change in total workyears
from 1989. Of this amount, $2,102,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $10,904,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $902,100 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and an increase of $3,350,000 in the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
OPTS TITLE III
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,007,000 supported by 40.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,102,900 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,904,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents a decrease of $902,100 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $3,350,000 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and no change in total
workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects the completion of
initial efforts, funded in 1989 with monies targeted for this purpose, to
process industry data submissions and provide technical guidance to Regional
offices. The increase in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation
will support grants to states to quality assure the Toxic Release Inventory
(TRI) data base, Headquarters data quality efforts initiated in 1989, and data
analyses.
In 1990, chemical release information on 1987 and 1988 emissions gathered
under section 313 of Title III of the Superfund Amendmends and Reauthorization
Act (SARA) will be available to the Regions, states, and the public. A total
of 150,000 reports will be processed: 50,000 reports from the July 1989
reporting cycle and 100,000 of the 200,000 reports expected in July 1990.
Making these data available through the EPA and public databases, and through
other means, continues to be a primary objective of this program. The program
will complete a section 313 rule on peak releases, revise the list of chemicals
covered, provide technical support to other EPA offices engaged in Title III
activities, and review petitions and trade secret claims.
Using additional resources in 1990, EPA will conduct a cost effective data
quality program that will continue a multi-level approach to identifying and
correcting errors in the data submitted. This process includes automated
screening of all forms to identify both obvious errors and questionable
responses; generate error notices to firms submitting forms with obvious
errors; target detailed followup on questionable responses; and target on-site
technical audits. The proposed budget includes both the direct costs of these
quality reviews and the cost of re-entering corrected data into the TRI
system.
9-37
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In 1990, the Regions will continue to assist facilities that need help
in reporting accurately, including facilities subject to reporting requirements
for the first time due to decreasing reporting thresholds set forth in the
statute. Regional outreach to the regulated community is an important part of
our overall data quality program because annual changes in thresholds forj
reporting add to the universe of covered facilities. By 1990, facilities will
be more aware of section 313 requirements, and will turn to the Regions with
increasing frequency for advice and assistance on meeting reporting
requirements. In addition, public awareness and availability of the TRI data
will create increased demand by state and local governments for assistance in
using and understanding the data. Additional resources will enable the Regions
to develop state communication networks to provide responses to these
inquiries. Headquarters will provide some basic materials and training
programs which will aid all users of the section 313 data.
Resources in 1990 will also be used to provide seed money to states under
section 28 of TSCA. The seed money will support the use of available
information resources in identifying multi-media toxics issues that are most
appropriately managed at the state or local level. These one-to-two year
grants will support state activities aimed at utilizing information from a
variety of exposure and release data bases, 'including state air and water
permits, RCRA manifests and bienniel reports, compliance records and toxic
chemical specific ambient monitoring data, as well as Title III submissions
under section 313. Although the section 313 data provide a unique multi-media
emissions database, these data need to be supplemented by information
available from one or more of the other databases because of limitations in
coverage, data quality and degree of detail reported. States will be
encouraged to compare information across databases to identify information
inconsistencies and gaps that need to be addressed through additional data
collection as well as to build linkages that would facilitate analyses usingj
multiple data resources. These activities will allow states to develop a
multi-media perspective on significant sources of risk, and set priorities for
in-depth reviews.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,559,100 supported by 40.9
total workyears for this program, of which $3,005,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,554,100 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1989, the first chemical release information gathered under SARA
section 313 will be made available to the public, Regions and states.
Approximately 150,000 emissions reports are expected in July 1989, 100,000 of
which will be processed by the end of the fiscal year. Data quality checks
will include computerized edit checks to detect both so-called "fatal" errors
(those which prevent data entry) and other serious omissions and errors. The
edit checks will generate notices of noncompliance to facilities and lead to
subsequent resubmission of corrected data on approximately 25,000 forms.
Computerized identification of suspect technical errors will be used to target
detailed technical audits on 1,000 reports, and on-site technical audits at 200
facilities.
The Regions will continue to disseminate information and provide training
on reporting requirements, concentrating their efforts on facilities subject to|
reporting requirements for the first time due to decreasing reporting
thresholds set forth in the statute. The Regions will also assist Headquarters
9-38
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in evaluating and making any necessary amendments to the reporting form and
associated guidance materials.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $7,930,800 supported by 29.9
total workyears for this program, of which $1,898,200 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, $5,927,600 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and $105,000 was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
The Agency made significant progress toward program implementation in
1988. The Agency published the final section 313 emissions inventory rule in
January 1988. The first reporting cycle generated 70,000 reports on 1987
emissions. An operational framework to support the information management and
dissemination requirements of section 313 was put in place. This framework
included a processing center, an Agency database, and a public database
arranged through the National Library of Medicine. Provisions were made at the
processing center to allow special access to the data prior to availability by
computerized systems. The Agency assisted state officials in preparation for
public inquiries through development and distribution of informational
materials. Outreach activities were conducted through Regional personnel,
regional American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) staff, and Headquarters
staff. These activities included written guidance, training sessions,
workshops, public meetings for Federal, state and local officials, as well as
for industry and environmental groups. Twenty petitions were received for
Agency decisions to list or delist chemicals and technical support was provided
to other EPA offices engaged in Title III activities.
9-39
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Enforcement
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
TOXIC SUBSTANCES 9-1
ENFORCEMENT
Toxic Substances Enforcement. 9-40
Toxic Substances Enforcement 9-41
Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants 9-43
OPTS Title III Enforcement. .... 9-44
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Enforcement
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Toxic Substances
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Toxic Substances
Enforcement Grants
.Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
$7,762.0 $7,808.0 $7,805.1 $8,433.5 $628.4
$1,999.2 $2,015.5 $1,992.1 $2,884.3 $892.2
TOTAL $9,761.2 $9,823.5 $9,797.2 .$11,317.8 $1,520.6
$2,271.1 $2,200.0 $2,200.0 $3,200.0 $1,000.0
$2,271.1 $2,200.0 $2,200.0 $3,200.0 $1,000.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Toxic Substances
Enforcement
$7,762.0 $7,808.0 $7,805.1 $8,433.5 $628.4
$4,270.3 $4,215.5 $4,192.1 $6,084.3 $1,892.2
TOTAL $12,032.3 $12,023.5 $11,997.2 $14,517.8 $2,520.6
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Toxic Substances
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
164.4
164.4
174.7
174.7
173.9
173.9
183.0
183.0
9.1
9.1
Toxic Substances
Enforcement
'TOTAL WORKYEARS
179.9"
179.9
184.3
184.3
183.0
183.0
183.0
183.0
9-40
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,517,800 and 183.0 total workyears for
1990, an increase of $2,520,600 and no change in total workyears from 1989. Of
the request, $8,433,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
and $6,084,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $628,400 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and an increase of $1,892,200 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
TOXIC SUBSTANCES ENFORCEMENT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,317,800 and 183.0 total workyears for
this program, of which $8,433,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,884,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $628,400 for Salaries and
Expenses, an increase of $892,200 in Abatement, Control and Compliance, and no
change in total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects
increased personnel and support costs. The increase in Abatement, Control and
Compliance will support enhanced enforcement and inspection tracking systems.
In 1990, Regional personnel will conduct compliance inspections and
provide case development specifically targeted at polychlorinated biphenyl
(PCB) disposal sites and broker/transporter/storer facilities, while continuing
to emphasize asbestos inspections at local education agencies or asbestos
contractors under the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA).
Inspections in support of the PCB ban, marking and disposal rules will continue
to receive strong emphasis. The Regions will also conduct compliance
inspections in support of existing Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) rules,
although many PCB inspections and most asbestos compliance inspections will be
conducted either under contract or through cooperative enforcement agreements
with state agencies.
Regional staff will participate in the laboratory data integrity program
by conducting good laboratory practices (CLP) inspections at laboratories that
perform toxic substances testing. The Regional offices will also conduct
compliance inspections in support of Section 5 new chemical regulations and
Section 8 reporting rules. The total number of Section 5 investigations has
been reduced to allow for more detailed and thorough investigations and more
time for complex Section 5 technical case reviews. It is anticipated that new
programs for monitoring compliance with new Section 6 control regulations on
asbestos and hexavalent chromium will also be initiated.
Headquarters manages the national toxic substances enforcement program
through guidance to and periodic reviews of Regional programs, including
on-site program evaluations. Headquarters also manages a cooperative agreement
with the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) to conduct compliance
monitoring inspections in support of the asbestos-in-schools rule, and
9-41
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exercises overall authority in conducting the Agency's laboratory data
integrity program. EPA will continue to conduct full-scale audits of completed
test studies submitted to the Agency, and inspections of testing laboratories
to verify compliance with good laboratory practices. Both the Regions and
Headquarters will also prepare and issue notices of noncompliance and civilj
administrative complaints and will provide technical assistance and support as
necessary to the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring (OECM) in the
prosecution of civil and criminal cases.
In 1990 increased extramural funding will be utilized to obtain contractor
support to assist in priority compliance areas. These are: sample analysis
for PCBs, asbestos, and Section 5 chemicals; inspection support for the section
6 existing chemicals compliance program; case processing support for TSCA
subpoena/investigatory reviews and TSCA enforcement reviews, and the
development of program guidance and summary materials to assist Regions and
states in setting priorities and carrying put necessary compliance activities.
The increased funds will be managed by Headquarters personnel in centralized
contracts which will provide support for both Headquarters and the Regions in
carrying out program functions.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,797,200 and 183 total
workyears for this program, of which $7,805,100 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,992,100 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The Regions are conducting inspection programs to determine compliance
with TSCA rules. The Regions are also providing assistance to firms that are
either seeking to comply voluntarily with TSCA requirements, or that wish toj
take remedial actions to achieve compliance. The Regional offices are preparing
and issuing notices of noncompliance and civil administrative orders, and
developing and prosecuting cases when compliance is not achieved. Oversight of
the cooperative enforcement agreement program, review and approval of PCB
landfills and unique-design stationary PCB incinerators, and PCB site disposal
monitoring are also responsibilities of the Regional offices. New programs in
1989 include enforcement of AHERA and PCB storage and disposal requirements.
In addition to providing overall program guidance and management,
Headquarters is managing the laboratory data integrity program and conducting
audits of test studies submitted to the Agency under TSCA testing rules.
Headquarters staff are managing the AARP cooperative agreement that supports
compliance monitoring inspections under the asbestos-in-schools program.
Headquarters is also participating in regulation development directed by the
Office of Toxic Substances, and preparing enforcement response policies and
compliance monitoring strategies for newly developed regulations.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $9,761,200 supported by 179.9
total workyears for this program, of which $7,762,000 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,999,200 was from the Abatement, Cpntrol and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1988 the program conducted compliance inspections, data processing, and
scientific review of data audits. The Regional offices conducted compliance
inspections in support of existing TSCA rules, placing particular emphasis on
9-A2
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FOB and asbestos-in-schools inspections under Section 6. Upon detection of
violations, including those originating from state-conducted inspections, the
Regional staff developed and prosecuted enforcement cases. The Agency issued
administrative orders in 607 cases, issued 898 notices of noncompliance, and
referred six civil cases to the Department of Justice.
TOXIC SUBSTANCES ENFORCEMENT GRANTS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,200,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $1,000,000 to allow an additional seven to ten states
to participate in the PCB and asbestos enforcement cooperative agreement
program. Currently, 22 states participate in this program, which emphasizes
compliance monitoring of chemical control rules, particularly for PCBs and
asbestos. The increase reflects the program's commitment to building state
capabilities, and will support an additional 750 compliance inspections in
critical program areas.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,200,000 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
These funds support state-conducted toxic substances compliance monitoring,
programs in 22 states. These state programs focus on Section 6 chemical
control rules, particularly PCB and asbestos compliance monitoring.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $2,271,100 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These
funds supported state cooperative enforcement agreement programs in 21 states.
These states conducted 1022 asbestos-in-schools inspections and 792 PCB
inspections.
9-43
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
OPTS Title III Enforcement
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
OPTS Title III
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
$315.8 $421.1 $424.6 $512.3 $87.7
$1,500.0 $1,481.2 $2,481.2 $1,000.0
$315.8 $1,921.1 $1,905.8 $2,993.5 $1,087.7
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
OPTS Title III TOTAL
Enforcement
$315.8 - $421.1 $424.6 $512.3 $87.7
$1,500.0 $1,481.2 $2,481.2 $1,000.0
$315.8 $1,921.1 $1,905.8 $2,993.5 $1,087.7
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
OPTS Title III
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
6.8
6.8
10.9
10.9
10.9
10.9
11.0
11.0
.1
.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OPTS Title III
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS
7.8
7.8
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
9-44
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
OPTS Title III Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,993,500 supported by 11.0 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $1,087,700 and no change in total workyears
from 1989. Of this amount, $512,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,481,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, increases of $87,700 and $1,000,000 respectively.
OPTS TITLE III ENFORCEMENT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,993,500 supported by 11.0 total
workyears for this program, of. which $512,300 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, and $2,481,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $87,700 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $1,000,000 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and no change in total
workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel
and support costs. The increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance will
provide enhanced computer support and increases in contractor inspections
provided through a grant to the American Association of .Retired Persons (AARP).
In 1990, contractor personnel will inspect chemical facilities that use,
manufacture or process potentially harmful chemicals to verify that such
facilities observe the reporting requirements of section 313 of Title III of
the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA). Section 313 requires
facilities to submit annual toxic chemical release forms to EPA and the state
in which the facility is located. Such forms list amounts of chemicals
released into the environment during the preceding year. Since many such
facilities are also subject to the reporting requirements of sections 5, 8 and
13 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), the Regions will integrate
Title III inspections with TSCA recordkeeping and reporting inspections where
possible. The Regions will develop appropriate enforcement actions in response
to any violations of Title III detected during these inspections.
In 1990, Headquarters staff will review and update enforcement response
policies, compliance monitoring strategies, procedural manuals and guidance
relating to section 313 of Title III. Headquarters personnel will also conduct
case development activities and will continue to oversee and provide assistance
for Regional case development. Other Headquarters activities will include
participation with the Office of Toxic Substances in rulemaking, and providing
training to Regional and contractor staff.
Headquarters will also manage a grant with the American Association of
Retired Persons (AARP) to conduct compliance inspections and provide paralegal
case development under SARA Title III. Such contractor support enables the
Agency to reach a broader portion of the regulated community. Headquarters
will also expand automated data processing (ADP) support for an "expert"
computer system to target compliance inspections. The computer system will
9-45
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cross-check production and facility profile data to identify facilities that
might be expected to submit reports under section 313 but have not. Facilities
with the highest potential for failure to submit reports will be targeted for
inspections. ADP support will also enable Regions to monitor inspections and
cases to manage the program most efficiently.
In 1990, the additional resources will permit the Agency to expand its
compliance coverage of the regulated community to include emphasizing the
quality and accuracy of data received by supporting contract inspections for
data quality compliance. Also, Headquarters . staff will complete the
development and in-field application of an automated risk reduction inspection
targeting system.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,905,800 supported by 11.0
total workyears for this program, of which $424,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,481,200 of which is from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
The Regions are providing, compliance assistance to the regulated
community, the states, and local authorities. Compliance assistance includes
responding to inquiries from individual facilities or the regulated industry as
a whole on enforcement requirements, providing training in compliance matters
to industry, state or local representatives, and reviewing and implementing
enforcement policies, strategies and inspection procedures. The Regions are
also conducting a limited number of compliance inspections, some of which are
integrated with other inspections under TSCA sections 5, 8 and 13. The Regions
are also implementing case development as violations are detected.
In 1989, Headquarters personnel are developing final enforcement response
policies and compliance monitoring strategies to accompany final rules
developed by the Office of Toxic Substances under Title III, and providing
training for regional personnel. Headquarters staff participate in regulation
development to assure the enforceability of new rules and to develop rules of
practice. Other projects include developing guidance documents, inspection
guidelines, procedural manuals and other materials to implement specific
program activities. Finally, staff are also conducting case development
activities, and providing oversight and assistance in regional case
development. Considerable attention to and oversight of case development is
critical for a newly enforceable program to provide program-wide consistency
among cases and to make precedent-setting determinations in cases of first
impression, thereby assuring the integrity of the national compliance
monitoring effort. .
Headquarters is also providing oversight of the grant to the AARP to
conduct inspections under Title III.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $315,800 supported by 7.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
During 1988, the Regions provided compliance assistance to the regulated^
community, the states, and local authorities in anticipation of the effective"
dates of various portions of the statute. The Regions initiated the compliance
9-46
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program during the fourth quarter, including conducting a limited number of
compliance inspections. Headquarters personnel developed enforcement response
policies and compliance monitoring strategies corresponding to the legislation
and rules, and provided initial training for Regional personnel. Headquarters
staff participated in regulation development and issued guidance documents,
inspection guidelines, procedural manuals and other materials to implement
specific program activities.
9-47
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10, ENERGY
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
ENERGY 10-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Multi-Media Energy. . . . . . . . . . ... . . . 10-3
Acid Deposition 10-8
Environmental Engineering and Technology 10-10
-------
ENERGY
ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL, Energy
$5,368.8 $4,717.0 $4,653.5 $3,104.5 -$1,549.0
$49,885.7 $50,251.7 $50,249.7 $35,103.2 -$15,146.5
$55,254.5 $54,968.7 $54,903.2 $38,207.7 -$16,695.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
72.0 69.7 68.6 52.4 -16.2
77.0 69.7 68.6 52.4 -16.2
$57,328.2 $59,667.1 $59,595.6 $52,016.0 -$7,579.6
Authorization for Energy is under the Environmental
Research, Development and Demonstration Act which expired
September 30, 1981. Reauthorization is pending.
10-1
-------
ENERGY
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Multimedia Energy research and development program provides the
scientific information necessary to evaluate environmental impacts and
potential controls on the energy sector (e.g., utilities, industry, and
automobiles). This research program focuses on two issues: (1) reducing
scientific uncertainties related to acid deposition; and (2) developing testing
and evaluating Limestone Injection Multistage Burner (LIMB) control
technologies.
Acid Deposition
1990 is the final year of the National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program (NAPAP), mandated by the Energy Security Act of 1980 (Title VII of P.L.
96-294). NAPAP's objective is to understand the causes and effects of acid
deposition and to provide policy makers with credible, peer reviewed scientific
data which can be used to assess potential controls on air emissions that cause
acid deposition. This research will be reduced in 1990 as the Agency places
more focus on synthesizing and integrating results from completed projects for
the 1990 NAPAP Final Assessment Report to Congress.
In 1990, continued research efforts will enhance the Agency's capability
to predict deposition trends and will focus on providing an integrated
assessment of the state-of-the-science for inclusion in the 1990 NAPAP
Assessment Report to Congress. Research will continue to be focused in six
major areas. First, air emission estimates of acid rain precursors will be
improved. Second, the advanced version of the Regional Acid Deposition Model
(RADM) will be evaluated using field data. RADM is designed to assist policy
makers predict changes in acid deposition levels resulting from changes in
nearby and remote source emissions. Third, wet and dry deposition of acidic
pollutants will be monitored to enhance data bases for use in effects studies.
Fourth, data will be integrated to produce a national scale assessment of
damage to sensitive aquatic ecosystems. Fifth, forests considered sensitive to
acid deposition will be studied while available data on forest effects will be
integrated for the 1990 Assessment. Finally, the materials effects program
will assess the effects of acid deposition on the service life of materials and
develop estimates on material deterioration resulting from exposure.
LIMB Control Technology
The LIMB control technology program is designed to demonstrate an
effective and inexpensive air emission control system that will simultaneously
remove sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from the flue gases of
existing pulverized coal-fired boilers. The 1990 'program will emphasize
testing the commercial-scale demonstration of the tangential-fired LIMB
technology. The completion of the commercial-scale demonstration of the wall-
fired LIMB technology is expected in 1989.
10-2
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Research and
Development
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
ENERGY 10-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Multi-Media Energy. ... • • • 10-3
Acid Deposition 10-8
Environmental Engineering and Technology . . 10-10
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ACTUAL
1988
ENERGY
Multi-Media Energy
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Acid Deposition
Salaries & Expenses $4,271.0 $3,566.3 $3,565.7 $2,016.0
Research & Development $47,386.3 $47,821.8 $47,821.8 $32,669.8
TOTAL $51,657.3 $51,388.1 $51,387.5 $34,685.8
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
-$1,549.7
-$15,152.0
-$16,701.7
$1,097.8
$2,499,4
$3,597.2
$1,150.7
$2,429.9
$3,580.6
$1,087.8
$2,427.9
$3,515.7
$1,088.5
$2,433.4
$3,521.9
$7
$5.5
$6.2
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
Multi-Media Energy
$5,368.8 $4,717.0 $4,653.5 $3,104.5 -$1,549.0
$49,885.7 $50,251.7 $50,249.7 $35,103.2 -$15,146.5
TOTAL $55,254.5 $54,968.7 $54,903.2 $38,207.7 -$16,695.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Acid Deposition
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
52.4 49.7 49.7 33.6
19.6 20.0 18.9 18.8
72.0
69.7
68.6
52.4
-16.1
-.1
-16.2
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Acid Deposition
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology
I
TOTAL WORKYEARS
57.3
19.7
49.7
20.0
77.0 69,7
10-3
49.7
18.9
68.6
33,6
18.8
52.4
-16.1
-.1
-16.2
-------
ENERGY
Multimedia Energy
Principal Outputs by Oblective
Objective 1: Estimate Emissions from Man-made Sources (Acid Deposition)
1990: o Develop quality assurance plan for 1990 emissions inventory
o Report on sensitivity testing of the advanced utility simulation
and industrial emissions models
1989: o Report on and computer tape of the 1985 S02, NOX, VOCs, and
alkaline material air emissions inventory
o Release updated versions of the advanced utility emissions
simulation model and the industrial emissions model
1988: o Final 1985 air emissions inventory on S02, NOX, VOCs, and alkaline
material
Objective 2: Understand Atmospheric Processes (Acid Deposition)
1990: o Evaluate Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM) using surface and
aircraft monitoring data
1989: o State-of-science report on RADM with user's guide
1988: o Advanced version of RADM completed
Objective 3: Establish Deposition Monitoring Data Bases (Acid Deposition)
1990: o Report on temporal and spatial trends in acid deposition
1989: o Expand dry deposition monitoring network to 52 sites. First year
data provided by 52 sites
1988: o Final report on the Pilot Snowfall Monitoring Study
Objective 4: Understand and Quantify Aquatic Effects (Acid Deposition)
1990: o Report on Direct/Delayed Response Program predictions for Mid-
Appalachian region
o Report on temporal and chemical variability in lakes within the
Northeastern U.S.
1989: o Report on Direct/Delayed Response Program predictions for the
Northeast and Southern Blue Ridge province (Level III)
o Regional case studies of surface water response characteristics
10-4
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1988: o Report on the Mid-Atlantic/Southeastern U.S. Stream Survey
Objective 5: Understand and Quantify Terrestrial Effects (Acid Deposition)
1990: o Final report on the roles of sulfur and nitrogen in forest decline
o Report on projections of the effect of alternative deposition
scenarios on terrestrial ecosystems
1989: o Preliminary report on the roles of sulfur and nitrogen in forest
decline
o Evaluation of factors other than air pollution affecting the
growth and decline of forests
1988: o Annual Report on the Forest Response Program
o Report on seedling exposure studies
o Evaluation of the extent and magnitude of changes in forest
conditions
Objective 6: Understand and Quantify Materials and Cultural Resource Effects
(Acid Deposition)
1990: o Report on dose-response functions for selected coating systems
1989: o Field study report on acid deposition damage function for metallic
materials
1988: o Report on field verification of the acid deposition damage
function for galvanized steel
Objective 7: Evaluate Control Technologies (Acid Deposition)
1990: o Report on site-specific performance cost estimates of S02 and NOX
controls from 200 coal-fired power plants in the eastern U.S.
1989: o Update on "generic costs" for reducing S02, and NOX air emissions
1988: o Interim Report on site-specific performance cost estimates of S02
and NOX controls from 50 coal-fired power plants in the Eastern
U.S.
Objective 8: Develop and Evaluate LIMB Control Technology (Engineering)
1990: o Final design report on the tangentially-fired LIMB demonstration
o Report on pilot-scale evaluation of the E-SOX process utilizing
recycled sorbent
1989: o Report on a commercial-scale demonstration of the wall-fired LIMB
technology on controlling S02 and NOX air emissions from coal-|
fired utility boilers
10-5
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Report on a pilot-scale characterization of the E-SOX process to
control SC>2 air emissions in retrofit coal-fired applications
Report on fundamental studies to enhance the LIMB process to
control S(>2 air emissions in retrofit coal-fired applications
Report on the technical and economic feasibility of the E-SOX
process to control SOX air emissions from existing coal-fired
boilers
Initiate testing of LIMB on a pilot-scale tangential-fired
prototype (60 megawatt) boiler
Complete testing of the wall-fired LIMB technology commercial-
scale demonstration
10-6
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ENERGY
Multimedia Energy
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $38,207,700 supported by 52.4 total
workyears for 1990, a decrease of $16,695,500 and 16.2 total workyears from
1989. Of the request, $3,104,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $35,103,200 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation, a decrease of $1,549,000 and $15,146,500, respectively.
Program Objectives
The goal of multimedia energy research and development program is to
provide EPA program and Regional offices; Federal, state, and local
governments; and industry with the scientific information necessary to help
guide the development and utilization of energy resources in an environmentally
acceptable manner. This scientific information is obtained through the Acid
Deposition research program which was established in response to the Energy and
Security Act of 1980 and a control technology program which is investigating
retrofit boiler technologies such as the Limestone Injection Multistage Burner
(LIMB) process. Acid deposition research is coordinated through the
Interagency Task Force of the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
(NAPAP), chaired by the EPA Administrator, which is responsible for preparing
the 1990 Final NAPAP Assessment Report to Congress. LIMB research is conducted
in conjunction with the Department of Energy, which is responsible for the
Federal Clean Coal Technology Program. The following objectives define the
Agency's energy research and development activities:
Objective 1. Estimate Emissions from Man-made Sources. This research
will improve the Agency's understanding of the amount of acidic pollutants
formed as a result of man's activities. .
Objective 2. Understand Atmospheric Processes. This research addresses
the atmospheric processes involved in acid deposition and examines and predicts
the transport, chemical transformation, and deposition processes of acidic air
masses.
Objective 3. Establish Deposition Monitoring Data Bases. This research
will quantify wet and dry acid deposition levels to establish deposition
trends, provide vital inputs to effects studies, and provide precise
information for statistical analyses on source/receptor relationships.
Objective 4; Understand and Quantify Aquatic Effects. This research will
quantify the impacts of acidification on representative aquatic ecosystems.
Objective 5. Understand and Quantify Terrestrial Effects. This research
will quantify the extent of acid deposition effects on important plants (i.e.,
forests and crops), develop quantitative cause and e'ffect relationships (i.e.,
10-7
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dose/response) for these plants, and predict the range of effects under
alternative deposition level scenarios.
Objective 6. Understand and Quantify Materials and Cultural Resource
Effects. This research will determine how materials are incrementally damaged
from acid deposition. This includes determining the materials at risk and
differentiating the effects of acid deposition from those of other sources of
pollution.
Objective 7. Evaluate Control Technologies. This research will develop
"cost of control" data to help evaluate alternative acid deposition control
strategies. This includes analyzing selected engineering technologies, their
performance and their costs.
Objective 8. Develop and Evaluate LIMB Control Technology. This research
will develop and evaluate air emission control technologies that will remove
sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from flue gases of pulverized
coal-fired boilers.
ACID DEPOSITION
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $34,685,800 supported by 33.6 total
workyears for this research, of which $2,016,000 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $32,669,800 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $1,549,700 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, $15,152,000 in the Research and Development
appropriation, and a decrease of 16.1 total workyears. The reduction reflects
completion of aquatic effects research projects including all Direct/Delayed
response program activities in the Northeast, Southeast and Mid-Appalachian
regions; completion of some terrestrial effects research projects including
assessments in the western conifers, eastern hardwoods, and southern commercial
pines; completion of emission projection models; completion of RADM
development, control technology assessments, and the galvanized steel materials
effects research; and a reduction in the costs associated with the Dry
Deposition Monitoring Network for the West.
»
Estimate Emissions from Man-made Sources. This research will produce
estimates of major atmospheric acid-forming emissions resulting from man's
activities and the relationships among these emissions. To enhance emission
estimates from man-made sources, the Agency will examine the interrelationship
of major acid deposition pollutants. Research will support development of
emission inventories, new source tests, New Source Performance Standards
(NSPS); and refinement of models specific to major source - sectors. This work
will build on the 1985 emission data base and on the final S02, NOX, volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), and alkaline material emissions inventory and will be
used in the Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM). Substantial progress will
be made toward a 1990 data base which will reduce uncertainty in emissions
estimates and will be useful in assessing changes over a five-year time span.
Information from this program will be used by other program areas and will be
an important part of the 1990 NAPAP assessment.
10-8
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Understand Atmospheric Processes. This program will broaden the Agency's
understanding of acidic pollutants emitted into the atmosphere, and will
deliver a predictive model (RADM) useful for policy-makers. Data collection
and model evaluation will differentiate the contribution of local versus
distant sources and will enable policy-makers to predict changes in deposition
levels resulting from reductions in nearby or distant emissions. Other
research includes sensitivity testing of the advanced version of RADM using
existing monitoring data bases and refinement of RADM using field study data.
RADM will be used to evaluate control strategies, perform source/receptor
analyses, and provide deposition estimates for sensitive receptors. Evaluation
of the question of non-linearities in the atmosphere, their importance in
source/receptor relationships and in forecasting seasonal and annual deposition
under alternative emission scenarios are critical elements of the NAPAP 1990
Assessment.
Establish Deposition Monitoring Data Bases. Research will quantify wet
and dry deposition of acidic materials with greater resolution. Specific
projects will include support for the 150 station National Trends Network (NTN)
for wet deposition and operation of 52 dry deposition monitoring sites. This
work will assist in the establishment of cause and effect relationships for use
in effects studies and will help establish a statistically valid database to
compare various levels of deposition. Information on deposition trends and
data tapes will be used in preparing the final NAPAP Assessment Report.
Understand and Quantify Aquatic Effects. A national-scale assessment of
the damage to sensitive aquatic ecosystems caused by both chronic and short-
term acidification will be developed to support preparation of the final NAPAP
Assessment Report. Current resource status estimates will be refined by
examining the chemistry of "small lakes" and streams in small catchments which
were not included in the National Surface Water Survey. .In addition, the
aquatics program is developing a system for classifying surface waters by
quantifying the subset of surface waters (subpopulation) at risk to, or damaged
by, acidic deposition. Included in this program are projects to develop
regional-scale patterns in lake and stream water chemistry. A major focus will
be placed on quantifying past damage (i.e., determining the extent both in
numbers, surface areas, and proportion of the entire surface water resource to
which acidic deposition could be responsible for the present chemical status of
surface waters) and examining biological effects of surface water acidification
(including effects on populations and physiological condition of fish and other
biota).
Understand and Quantify Terrestrial Effects. The main thrust of
cooperative research programs will be completion of data analysis and
interpretation for the 1990 Assessment. Studies of multiple pollutants and
stresses and the interactions of pollutant and natural stresses will be
emphasized. Research will also concentrate on those areas which have shown, in
problem definition studies, to have particular problems. The atmospheric
exposure project which emphasizes integration of atmospheric data relevant to
forests, support for interagency efforts in long-term monitoring, and
improvement of ongoing monitoring networks will support the 1990 NAPAP
Assessment by helping to develop exposure estimates that interface between the
forest program and other NAPAP task groups. Finally, synthesis and integration
(S&I) activities will support completion of the 1990 Assessment and production
of other outputs due from the forest effects research program.
10-9
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Understand and Quantify the Effects on Materials and Cultural Resources.
Research will progress towards developing damage functions for paint/substratej
systems using data generated through chamber studies and will identify the
micro/macro effects of acid deposition on specific coating/substrate systems.
Incremental damage to galvanized steel will be targeted for the 1990 NAPAP
materials assessment.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $51,387,500 supported by 49.7
total workyears for this research, of which $3,565,700 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $47,821,800 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. These resources are being used to complete high priority
research needed for the NAPAP Final Assessment Report to Congress. Research
being emphasized includes: improving current area source methodologies; testing
emission models specific to major source sectors; a field study to evaluate
RADM; developing dry deposition measurement techniques and biological response
models for fish populations; correlation studies of forest condition and
atmospheric deposition; and evaluation of various emerging control
technologies.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $51,657,300 supported by 57.3
total workyears for this research, of which $4,271,000 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $47,386,300 was from the Research and
Development appropriation.
Several key projects were completed in 1988 including an advanced version
of the Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM-II), the final 1985 air emissions
data base and inventory, and a report on the Mid-Atlantic/Southeastern U.S.
stream study. In addition, work continued on evaluating the extent and
magnitude of changes in forest condition and on developing site-specific cost
estimates for reducing 862 and NOX air emissions.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,521,900 supported by 18.8 total
workyears for this research, of which $1,088,500 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,433,400 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents increases of $700 and $5,500, respectively, and
a decrease of 0.1 total workyears. The increase in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation reflects increased personnel and support costs, the increase in
the Research and Development appropriation supports combustion engineering
tests of a small prototype tangential-fired furnace, and the workyear reduction
reflects a consolidation of resources for the Regional Scientists Program
within the Interdisciplinary media.
Develop and evaluate LIMB Control Technology. Research will be conducted^
in three areas: (1) laboratory, bench, and pilot demonstration of innovative
SOX/NOX technologies; (2) field prototype testing of the E-SOX process; and (3)
10-10
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commercial scale demonstration of the tangentially-fired boiler technology.
Laboratory development will involve work in improved sorbents, reactivation of
sorbents, humidification, precipitators and general support for the LIMB and E-
SOX processes. Field prototype testing of the E-SOX process, a co-sponsored
program with the Ohio Coal Development Office (OCDO) and Babcock and Wilcox
(B&W), will be in progress at the Ohio Edison Burger Station. Support
modeling, combustion testing, and preliminary design will be completed for the
tangentially-fired boiler LIMB demonstration at Yorktown, VA. This large scale
demonstration is important because approximately 40% of U.S. utility boilers
are tangentially fired. The LIMB commercial demonstration program is being
funded jointly by the Federal government and industry.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,515,700 and 18.9 total
workyears for this research, of which $1,087,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,427,900 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
Pilot-scale testing to improve SOX and NOX removal efficiency and cost
effectiveness plus improve sorbent and humidification efficiency is being
conducted. Research on the commercial-scale demonstration of the wall-fired
technology is being completed and documented. Research is focusing on a
commercial-scale demonstration of the tangential-fired boiler technology in
order to complete a small boiler test to provide engineering design and
construction parameters for the full scale demonstration. The LIMB commercial-
scale demonstrations are jointly funded by the Federal government and the
utility industry.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988", the Agency obligated a total of $3,597,200 supported by 19.7
total workyears for this research, of which $1,097,800 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $2,499,400 was from the Research and Development
appropriation.
•" In 1988, research included: (1) testing of LIMB processes on a pilot-
scale; (2) testing of high activity sorbent injection and mixing
characteristics; (3) testing a commercial-scale demonstration of the wall-fired
boiler technology at the Edgewater station of Ohio Edison; (4) determining
engineering characteristics to design a commercial-scale demonstration of the
tangential-fired boiler technology; and (5) monitoring and evaluating waste
characteristics and disposal techniques at the commercial-scale wall-fired
demonstration. The Department of Energy provided $5,000,000 to support the
commercial-scale demonstration of the tangential-fired boiler technology.
10-11
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11. MANAGEMENT
AND SUPPORT
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT 11-1
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management 11-6
Program Management - Air and Radiation 11-9
Program Management - Water ....... 11-10
Program Management - Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring . . . 11-10
Program Management - External Affairs 11-11
Program Management - Pesticides and Toxic Substances . . . . . . 11-12
Program Management - General Counsel . 11-13
Program Management - Research and Development. . . . . . . . . . 11-13
Program Management - Solid Waste and Emergency Response 11-14
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices . . . . 11-16
Immediate Office of the Administrator 11-19
Office of Regional Operations 11-20
Office of Executive Support 11-20
Administrator's Representation Fund. ... 11-21
Office of International Activities ... . . . ... 11-22
Office of Civil Rights 11-23
Science Advisory Board 11-24
Office of Administrative Law Judges. 11-24
Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization 11-25
Office of Inspector General . . . . . 11-27
Office of Inspector General. . '•, 11-28
Office of General Counsel . 11-31
General Counsel 11-32
Office of External Affairs. 11-33
Office of Legislative Analysis ...... ... 11-35
Office of Congressional Liaison. . 11-36
Office of Public Affairs . . 11-36
Office of Community and Intergovernmental Relations . 11-37
Office of Federal Activities ..... ...... 11-38
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation .... 11-40
Program Management - Policy, Planning and Evaluation 11-42
Integrated Environmental Management Program 11-43
Office of Policy Analysis. 11-44
Office of Standards and Regulations. . . . . . . . . . 11-46
Office of Management Systems and Evaluation 11-47
Pollution Prevention Program . 11-49
Office of Administration and Resources Management 11-51
Program Management-Administration 11-54
Financial Management - Headquarters 11-55
Office of the Comptroller 11-56
Contracts and Grants Management - Headquarters 11-57
Organization and Health Services . . 11-58
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Facilities and Management Services ...... 11-59
Information Systems and Services 11-60
Human Resources Management . 11-61
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management 11-63
Resource Management - Regions 11-66
Financial Management - Regions .... 11-66
Personnel Management - Regions ....... 11-67
Administrative Management - Regions . 11-68
Regional Management 11-68
Regional Counsel ...... 11-69
Planning, Evaluation and Analysis - Regions 11-70
SUPPORT COSTS
Support Costs ..... . 11-72
i Professional Training . . 11-73
Nationwide Support Services 11-74
Headquarters Support Services 11-74
Regional Support Services. . . . . . . . . 11-75
Automated Data Processing Support Costs. .11-76
Lab Support - Research and Development ....... 11-77
Lab Support - Air and Radiation 11-77
Lab Support - Pesticides and Toxic Substances 11-78
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
APPROPRIATION
Salaries & Expenses
Office of the
Inspector General
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Scientific Activities
Overseas
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$333,397.1 $358,218.6 $359,179.5 $388,943.4
21,417.4
$554.6
$29,763.9
$21,417.4
$9,700.0 $13,778.3 $12,640.0 -$1,138.3
TOTAL, Program Management $333,951.7 $367,918-.6 $372,957.8 $423,000.8 $50,043.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
2,605.3 2,730.9 2,771.3 2,971.9 200.6
2,845.4 2,878.0 2,917.7 2,917.9 : 54.2
$334,689.1 $368,449.3 $373,250.6 $415,768.7 $42,518.1
Authorization is by virtue of the Appropriation Act.
11-1
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
Management and Support provides executive direction and policy oversight
for all Agency programs as well as those administrative and support services
that are not assigned to a specific program. We will continue our efforts to
provide quality legal services, promote technically and economically defensible
regulatory and policy alternatives, enhance the public's perception and
understanding of the Agency's goals, manage for environmental results, and
pursue a focused human resources management effort to build a skilled career
environmental workforce.
The major components of this medium are Program Management, Agency
Management, Regional Management, and Support Costs.
Program Management includes policy development, program development and
oversight, and the associated management activities for the Agency's
environmental program offices. These include the Offices of Air and Radiation,
Watery Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring, External Affairs, Pesticides and
Toxic Substances, General Counsel, Research and Development, and Solid Waste
and Emergency Response.
Agency Management includes Agencywide management functions and policy
activities. .
Policy Direction, through the Executive Offices at Headquarters, consists
of the Administrator and Deputy Administrator and their immediate staffs,
Regional Operations, Executive Support, Administrator's Representation Fund,
International Activities, Civil Rights, Science Advisory Board, Administrative
Law Judges, Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, and the Technology
Transfer Staff.
Policy, Planning and Evaluation is organized into the following
components: the Integrated Environmental Management and Pollution Prevention
Programs and the Offices of Policy Analysis, Standards and Regulations, and
Management Systems and Evaluation.
Legal Services for litigation in which the Agency is a defendant are
provided to Agency programs by the General Counsel in Headquarters and by a
Regional Counsel in each Regional office. The Office of General Counsel (OGC)
provides legal services and advice to the Administrator and Agency managers.
OGC, in cooperation with the Department of Justice, represents the Agency in
all legal matters in which the Agency is a defendant. Additionally, OGC
reviews proposed actions, decisions, and regulations to assure that they are
.legally defensible. . . .
External Affairs activities are performed by five component offices:
Legislative Analysis, Congressional Liaison, Public Affairs, Office of
Community and Intergovernmental Relations, and Federal Activities.
Inspector General activities include investigation and audit of Agency
activities to promote efficiency and effectiveness, and to prevent and detect
fraud, waste, and abuse.
11-2
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Administration and Resources Management provides management activities in
Headquarters, as well as administrative services to all program operations
located in Cincinnati, Ohio and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. The
office has several components: Program Management, Financial Management,
Comptroller, Organization and Health Services, Contracts and Grants, Facilities^
and Management Services, Information Systems and Services, and Human Resources"
Management.
Regional Management includes the centralized management and administrative
functions performed in each Regional office. The Regional elements cover the
Regional and Deputy Regional Administrators, their immediate staffs, and
Regional staff for public affairs, Congressional and intergovernmental
relations, and civil rights. Other activities include budget development and
execution, preparation of Regional operating plans, legal services, program
planning, regulatory and policy analysis, economic analysis, program
evaluation, financial and personnel management, information management,
administration of Freedom of Information Requests, and facilities and property
management.
Support Costs include the costs of general support services for all Agency
programs. In this diverse category are:
o Office and building services, such as library services, commercial
telephone use, printing and copying, utilities, security, ADP
technical support, and custodial and maintenance services for programs
located at Headquarters, Research Triangle Park, and Cincinnati;
o Nationwide costs, such as facility rental costs, centralized data
processing, professional training, U.S. Postal Service charges, -Federal
Telecommunications System (FTS) charges, unemployment and workmen'si
compensation, and health and safety costs for all Agency programs in
all locations;
o Office and building services for laboratories and field stations
operated by the Offices of Air and Radiation, Research and Development,
and Pesticides and Toxic Substances; and
o Common services in Regional offices, such as supplies and equipment,
commercial telephones, printing, facilities operations and maintenance,
library services, and mini-computer operations.
Program Priorities
Priorities for the Executive Offices in 1990 will include: continued
emphasis on enforcement and compliance efforts for both environmental and civil
rights regulations; stronger support from Headquarters and Regions to small,
minority, and women's environmental businesses; bringing greater scientific
credibility to regulatory decision-making through an emphasis on reviews by the
Science Advisory Board; more effective communication between Headquarters and
the Regions; and continued international environmental activities with emphasis
on global and regional air pollution issues such as global climate change and
acid precipitation.
The Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation will exercise a leadership,
role in multi-media pollution prevention by developing Agency policy, support-'
ing state programs, and providing incentives for industry, consumers, and all
levels of government to reduce or eliminate residuals before they become
11-3
-------
"pollutants". It also will have lead responsibility for important aspects of
the Agency's global climate change program, working closely with the Offices of
Research and Development and Air and Radiation as well as with other agencies
and international organizations. Risk reduction will receive continued empha-
sis as will the targetting of resources to projects that support the program
and Regional offices, as well as states, in this respect. Other areas of focus
will include development of environmental indicators to evaluate programs and
innovative approaches to the control of complex and multi-media environmental
problems.
The Office of General Counsel will continue to provide legal advice and
counsel to the Agency's top management and media program offices concerning
legal interpretation of EPA administered statutes, other applicable laws, and
on such matters as personnel, grants, and contracts. Additionally, the Office
of General Counsel will continue to represent the Agency in all major
regulatory actions, and ensure that legal errors are avoided and legal
positions are presented in the most persuasive manner.
The Office of External Affairs will continue to provide a clear
interpretation of EPA's programs and priorities; increase Agency effectiveness
by improving Congressional liaison; continue effective liaison with state and
local governments; establish outreach programs with the private and public
sectors and involve citizen participation; reaffirm and strengthen Federal
Agency contacts; and provide a crossmedia perspective in review of
environmental problems.
The Office of Inspector General will continue to emphasize internal and
management audits to improve the economy, effectiveness, and efficiency of EPA
programs. The Office of INspector General will increase the number of audits
in construction grants program and begin audits of States' Revolving Fund
programs. The office will continue its investigation of antitrust activities
and other construction-related fraud and will aggressively pursue new
initiatives to ferret out fraud in EPA-funded contracts. It will further its
efforts in fraud prevention by publicizing its activities to EPA employees,
identifying areas sensitive to fraud, and developing new fraud detection
methods.
The Office of Administration and Resources Management will continue to
assure a strong system of financial internal controls, including work toward
integration and improvement of all Agency financial management and accounting
systems; continue developing a program for' better information management
planning, particularly between EPA and states; continue improvements in
contracts administration; pursue a focused human resources management effort to
build a skilled career environmental workforce; continue to achieve significant
productivity improvements; continue managing the planning, design and
construction of a consolidated Headquarters facility; and continue to provide
essential administrative and support services to enhance the Agency's ability
to fulfill its various mandates.
In the Regional management areas, the Agency will continue its commitment
to strengthen Regional environmental programs and maintain strong Regional
planning and management efforts. Development of State/EPA data management
plans to improve efficiency and reliability of methods for sharing
environmental data will receive priority attention.
In Support, the program will continue to provide general support services
to Agency programs. This request will also enable the Agency to continue its
effort to replace obsolete computers in the Regional offices and to oversee the
11-4
-------
escalations such as rent, telephone, and utility rate increases.
Consulting Service
Management consulting services provide general advisory and consulting/
services in such areas as: management assistance for the design of financial
systems, regional management assistance in support of the EPA/State Data
Management program and management support of the Agency's public-private
partnership initiative.
11-5
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Program
Management
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT 11-1
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management . 11-6
Program Management - Air and Radiation 11-9
Program Management - Water 11-10
Program Management - Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring . . . 11-10
Program Management - External Affairs . . 11-11
Program Management - Pesticides and Toxic Substances 11-12
Program Management - General Counsel 11-13
Program Management - Research and Development 11-13
Program Management - Solid Waste and Emergency Response 11-14
-------
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management
PROGRAM
Program Management -
Air And Radiation
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Program Management -
Water
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Program Management -
Enforcement And
^Compliance Monitoring
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Program Management -
External Affairs
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Program Management -
Pesticides and Toxic
Substances
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Program Management -
General Counsel
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Program Management -
Research & Development
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$3.026.6
$3.026.6
$2,707.7
$2,707.7
$461.8
$461.8
$667.8
$667.8
$2,369.7
$2,369.7
$479.4
$479.4
$4,683.0
$4,683.0
$3,037.2
$3,037.2
$2,863.2
$2,863.2
$478.9
$478.9
$718.1
$718.1
$2,839.6
$2,839.6
$489.8
$489.8
$4,797.3
$4,797.3
$2,930.7
$2,930.7
$2,863.2
$2,863.2
$478.9
$478.9
$717.4
$717.4
$3,079.8
$3,079.8
$489.8
$489.8
$5,715.0
$5,715.0
$3,005.7
$3,005.7
$3,160.8
$3,160.8
$538.1
$538.1
$779.7
$779.7
$3,008.7
$3,008.7
$518.3
$518.3
$5,462.5
$5,462.5
$75.0
$75.0
$297.6
$297.6
$59. '2'
$59.2
$62.3
$62.3
-$71.1
-$71.1
$28.5
$28.5
-$252.5
-$252.5
11-6
-------
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program Management -
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Program Management
$1,860.9 $1,619.2 $1,619.2 $1,742.0 $122.8
TOTAL $1,860.9 $1,619.2 $1,619.2 $1,742.0 $122.8
$16,256.9 $16,843.3 $17,894.0 $18,215.8 $321.8
TOTAL $16,256.9 $16,843.3 $17,894.0 $18,215.8 $321.8
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Program Management -
Air And Radiation
Program Management '-
Water
Program Management -
Enforcement And
Compliance Monitoring
Program Management -
External Affairs
Program Management -
Pesticides and Toxic
Substances
Program Management -
General Counsel
Program Management -
Research & Development
Program Management -
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
48.1
42.3
7.0
10.6
35.7
9.5
51.3
28.5
233.0
47.8
45.9
9.0
11.7
42.9
8.2
56.2
28.2
249.9
44.6
45.9
9.0
11.7
42.8
8.2
62.5
28.2
252.9
44.6
45.9
9.0
11.7
42.6
10.5
62.4
28.0
254.7
-.2
2.3
-.1
-.2
1.8
11-7
-------
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
TOTAL WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program Management -
Air And Radiation
51.0
47.8
44.6
44.6
Program Management -
Water
47.0
45.9
45.9
45.9
Program Management -
Enforcement And
Compliance Monitoring
Program Management -
External Affairs
8.0
11.0
9.0
11.7
9.0
11.7
9.0
11.7
Program Management -
Pesticides and Toxic
Substances
38.4
42.9
42.8
42.6
-.2
Program Management -
General Counsel
9.9
10.5
10.5
10.5
Program Management - .
Research & Development
Program Management -
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
TOTAL WORKYEARS
52.7
30.4
248.4
56.2
28.2
252.2
62.5
28.2
255.2
62.4
28.0
254.7
-.1
-.2
-.5
1.1-8
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Program Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $18,215,800 supported by 254.7 workyears
for 1990, an increase of $321,800 and a decrease of .5 total workyears from
1989. All of the request is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - AIR AND RADIATION
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,005,700 supported by 44.6 total
workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $75,000 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and no change in total workyears. The increase in
Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs. Air and
radiation program management will focus on implementation of the new Indoor
Radon Abatement Act, the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977, the Atomic Energy
Act, the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act, and the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act, and on development of major policies and
decisions related to these acts.
1989 Program
In 1989 the Agency is allocating a total of $2,930,700 supported by 44.6
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. This program provides management support for
implementation of the new Indoor Radon Abatement Act, the Clean Air Act, the
Atomic Energy Act, the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act, and the
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act. Key activities include:
executive management, program planning and analysis, resource management, and
budget formulation. The program also provides administrative support to Office
of Air and Radiation (OAR) components.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988 the Agency obligated $3,026,600 for this program supported by
51.0 workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The program provided executive management, program planning and analysis, and
budget and administrative support to OAR offices.
11-9
-------
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - WATER
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,160,800 supported by 45.9 total(
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $297,600 from 1989 and no change
in total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and support costs.
The 1990 request supports the development of national policy and
implementation of the national regulatory programs for the Water Quality and
Drinking Water media. Specific activities include: management of the Office of
Water operating guidance and accountability system; development of program
plans and budget for implementation of Agency policies; development of
legislative initiatives and directions; review of regulations and program
policies; tracking of budget execution; and administrative management.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,863,200 supported by 45.9
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation.
This program is supporting the development of national policy and
implementation of the national regulatory programs for the Water Quality and
Drinking Water media. Specific activities include: management of the Office of
Water operating guidance and accountability system; development of program
plans and budget for implementation of Agency policies; development of
legislative initiatives and directions; review of regulations and programj
policies; tracking of budget execution; and administrative management.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $2,707,700 supported by 47.0
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. The program continued to focus in 1988 on the
implementation of the Clean Water Act and Safe Drinking Water Act. Activities
such as long-range planning and policy analysis, budget development and
execution, and administrative management were accomplished.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE MONITORING
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $538,100 supported by 9.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $59,200 and no change in total
workyears from 1989. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and support costs.
This request will be used to provide basic administrative, financial and
management services to the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring
11-10
-------
(OECM). These functions include program planning, personnel management,
budgeting, financial management, management analysis and administrative
services. The resources will also be used to continue to provide support and
oversight of the management operations of the National Enforcement
Investigations Center (NEIC). This level of funding will also provide
resources for budget formulation and resource distribution for the legal
enforcement functions of the ten Regional Counsels.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $478,900 supported by 9.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation.
The program provides program direction and management support for OECM.
In addition to supporting the Assistant Administrator, it includes the OECM
management operations functions. The Management Operations staff is
responsible for the internal program planning, budget formulation, financial
management, and administrative operations for the entire Office of Enforcement
and Compliance Monitoring, as well as budget formulation and resource
distribution for the enforcement functions of the ten Regional Counsels.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated $461,800 supported by 8.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. -
This program provided basic managerial support for program planning,
personnel, budget, financial management, and administrative support services to
the Assistant Administrator"of OECM. In addition, budget formulation support
was provided to the NEIC, Regional legal enforcement, and the expanding and
increasingly visible Criminal Investigation Program. In 1988, emphasis on
improving management systems continued. Many of these systems were automated
to provide more consistent and timely information for use in enforcement
management.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - EXTERNAL AFFAIRS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $779,700 supported by 11.7 total workyears,
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $62,300 and no change in total
workyears from 1989. The increase will provide additional resources for
increased personnel and support costs. In 1990 this office will continue the
full coordination of the staff offices in External Affairs; provide the
necessary oversight, management, planning, and support services to these staff
offices; and support the Administrator and Assistant Administrators in
coordinating, representing and communicating the Agency's programs and policies
to Congress, the public, government entities and the news media.
11-11
-------
1989 Program
In 1989 the Agency is allocating total of $717,400 supported by 11.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. Continued emphasis is placed on strengthening strategies and|
procedures for communicating better with outside groups by informing affected
parties in a timely manner about Office of External Affairs (OEA) actions and
the decisions and risks the Agency must face.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of $667,800 supported by 11.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. In 1988, the office worked to enhance a process to communicate
more effectively with the public and outside groups. This program element also
provided management resources and administrative support necessary to support
the Offices of External Affairs and staff offices.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,008,700 supported by 42.6 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $71,100 and a decrease of 0.2
total workyears from 1989. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses results from
management efficiencies. .
This program will support senior level management of the Pesticides
Toxic Substances program and the Immediate Office of the Assistant
Administrator for Pesticides and Toxic Substances:, as well as partially
funding, along with the Office of Research and Development (ORD) , the
activities of the Biotechnology Science Advisory Committee. Key activities
include:, efficient and effective general management ,. strategies planning, and
administrative and budget support.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,079,800 supported by 42.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the' Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. These resources provide senior level management of the
Pesticides and Toxic Substances programs and the Immediate Office of the
Assistant Administrator for Pesticides and Toxic Substances with support, as
well as partially funding, along with ORD, the activities of the Biotechnology
Science Advisory Committee.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of $2,369,700 supported by 38.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources provided support for the senior level
management of the Pesticides and Toxic Substances programs and the Immediate
Office of the Assistant Administrator for Pesticides and Toxic Substances and,
11-12
-------
along with the Office of Research and Development, funded the activities of the
Biotechnology Science Advisory Committee.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - GENERAL COUNSEL
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $518,300 supported by 10.5 workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $28,500 and no change in total workyears from
1989. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and
support costs.
The request will support planning, budgeting, financial management,
management analysis, and administrative services to the Office of General
Counsel.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $489,800 supported by 10.5
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation.
The program provides for planning, budgeting, financial management,
management analysis, and administrative services to the Office of General
Counsel.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $479,400 supported by 9.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
Activities focused on providing planning, analytical support, budgeting,
financial management, and administrative services to the Office of General
Counsel.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,462,500 supported by 62.4 total
workyears, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $252,500 and 0.1 total workyears from 1989. The
decreases reflect anticipated operating efficiencies.
In 1990, ORD's program management activities will provide overall
direction, scientific policy guidance and administrative support to a
diversified research program which is conducted in Headquarters in 12 major
laboratories and 6 field sites across the country. These activities will
ensure the coordination of research efforts and efficient use of resources to
meet the Agency's research requirements. Specific activities include the
formulation and dissemination of scientific and managerial policy for ORD,
11-13
-------
coordination of the research program planning and budgeting cycle, development
of research strategies and program plans for a balanced and integrated program,
and the monitoring and analysis of current year resources, research operations
and research products.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,715,000 supported by 62.5
total workyears, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Program management will continue to coordinate and integrate the entire
research and development effort of the Agency, ensuring that the needs
identified by program and Regional offices are met.
1988 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $4,683,000 supported by 52.7 total
workyears in 1988, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources provided for the overall direction, policy
guidance, management analyses, liaison activities, program planning and
budgeting, ORD's information systems, and general administrative support.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,742,000 supported by 28.0 total
workyears, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $122,800 and a decrease of 0.2 in workyears from
1989. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and|
support costs.
This request will allow the Agency to continue to maintain a complete
administrative and programmatic management team within the Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER). This will provide for the full array of
policy development and analysis activities, institutional and public liaison
functions, financial management, and other support activities for the OSWER
programs.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,619,200 supported by 28.2
total workyears, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This level of resources provides for a wide range of support from the OSWER
management team to the Regions, to the program offices, and to the Agency.
OSWER program management activities include the review of policy
recommendations and proposed regulations; integration of both program and funds
control; information management; property management; and administrative
support.
11-14
-------
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $1,860,900 supported by 30.4
total workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
OSWER program management integrated hazardous waste and Superfund activities;
managed the review of policy recommendations and proposed regulations;
maintained effective management controls; and provided personnel, financial,
administrative, and information management support to the program offices.
11-15
-------
Office of the
Administrator
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT 11-1
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices . .- . . . . . . . . .11-16
Immediate Office of the Administrator. .... 11-19
Office of Regional Operations 11-20
Office of Executive Support . . . 11-20
Administrator's Representation Fund 11-21
Office of International Activities 11-22
Office of Civil Rights . . 11-23
Science Advisory Board 11-24
Office of Administrative Law Judges. . . 11-24
Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization ..... 11-25
Office of Inspector General 11-27-
Office of Inspector General. ....... .. 11-28
Office of General Counsel .... .......... 11-31
General Counsel. ". . 11-32
Office of External Affairs. .. 11-33
Office of Legislative Analysis ......... 11-35
Office of Congressional Liaison. .... 11-36
Office of Public Affairs 11-36
Office of Community and Intergovernmental Relations 11-37
Office of Federal Activities 11-38
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation 11-40
Program Management - Policy, Planning and Evaluation ...... 11-42
Integrated Environmental Management Program 11-43
Office of Policy Analysis. 11-44
Office of Standards and Regulations. 11-46
Office of Management Systems and Evaluation. 11-47
Pollution Prevention Program ........... . 11-49
Office of Administration and Resources Management 11-51
Program Management-Administration. ..... 11-54
Financial Management - Headquarters 11-55
Office of the Comptroller .. 11-56
Contracts and Grants Management - Headquarters . . . . . . . . .11-57
Organization and Health Services . . . . . . . 11-58
Facilities and Management Services 11-59
Information Systems and Services . . ...... 11-60
Human Resources Management . 11-61
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Immediate Office of the
Administrator
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Regional
Operations
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Executive
Support
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Administrator's
Representation Fund
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of International
Activities
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Office of Civil Rights
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Science Advisory Board
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of
Administrative Law
Judges
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
$1,953.3
$1,953.3
$489.7
$489.7
$921.9
$921.9
$2.9
$2.9
$1^593.0
$1,593.0
$1,486.7
$1,486.7
$1,317.2
$1,317.2
$896.7
$896.7
$2,120.3
$2,120.3
$383.8
$383.8
$998.1
$998.1
$3.0
$3.0
$1,619.9
$1,619.9
$1,481.9
$1,481.9
$1,440.3
$1,440.3
$1,050.4
$1,050.4
$2,120.3
$2,120.3
$383.8
$383.8
$997.3
$997.3
$3.0
$3.0
$1,779.8
$432.5
$2,212.3
$1,476.4
$1,476.4
$1,438.0
$1,438.0
$1,050.4
$1,050.4
$2,182.3
$2,182.3
$409.4
$409.4
$1,045.3
$1,045.3
$5.0
$5.0
$1,831.8
$440.0
$2,271.8
$1,528.4
$1,528.4
$1,482.0
$1,482.0
$1,130.5
$1,130.5
$62.0
$62.0
$25.6
$25.6
$48.0
$48.0
$2.0
$2.0
$52.0
$7.5
$59.5
$52.0
$52.0
- $44.0
$44.0
$80.1
$80.1
11-16
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 . 1990 VS 1989
Office of Small &
Disadvantaged Business
Utilization
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$547.6 $513.9 $513.1 $537.1
$547.6 $513.9 $513.1 $537.1
$24.0
$24.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$9,209.0 $9,611.6 $9762.1 $10,151.8
$432.5 • $440.0
Office of the
Administrator/
Executive Offices TOTAL $9,209.0 $9,611.6 $10,194.6 $10,591.8
$389.7
$7.5
$397.2
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Immediate Office of the
Administrator
Office of Regional
Operations
Office of Executive
Support
Office of International.
Activities
Office of Civil Rights
Science Advisory Board
Office of
Administrative Law
Judges
Office of Small &
Disadvantaged Business
Utilization
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
30.8
6.2
21.8
23.3
7.4
143.5
35.3
5.0
24.8
24 .-0
6.9
151.2
34.8
5.0
24.8
27.0
6.9
153.7
37.8
5.0
24.8
28.0
3.0
6.9
169.1
1.0
23.7
13.2
17.1
23.8
14.6
16.8
23.8
14.6
16.8
24.8
24.4
17.4
1.0
9.8
6
15.4
11-17
-------
Administrative Law
Judges
Office of Small &
Disadvantaged Business
Utilization
TOTAL WORKYEARS
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Immediate Office of the
Administrator
Office of Regional
Operations
Office of Executive
Support
Office of International
Activities
Office of Civil Rights
Science Advisory Board
Office of
32.6
6.6
22.9
24.9
24.6
19.6 •
17.1
38.3
5.0
24.8
25.0
24.8
24.4
17.4
37.8
5.0
24.8
28.0
24.8
24.4
17.4
37.8
5.0
24.8
28.0
24.8
24.4
17.4
7.4
155.7
6.9
166.6
' 6.9
169.1
6.9
169.1
11-18
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,591,800 supported by 169.1 total
workyears in 1990. This represents an increase of $397,200 and no change in
total workyears from 1989. Of the request, $10,151,800 will be for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $440,000 will be for the Abatement,
Control, and Compliance Appropriation.
IMMEDIATE OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,182,300 and 37.8 total workyears for
this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $62,000 and no change in total workyears from
1989. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and
support costs. The Office is responsible for Agency policy and direction, and
for setting environmental goals. In 1990, emphasis will be put on the Judicial
Officer function to accommodate the expanding number of requests sent to the
Judicial Officer for final decision, especially the Resource Conversation and
Recovery Act permits and civil penalty cases which are expected to increase
over the next several years.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,120,300 supported by 37.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. The major priorities in the Immediate Office are:
increased emphasis on enforcement and compliance efforts of both environmental
and civil rights regulations, continued delegations to State and local
governments, on-going support of enhanced science as a basis for decision-
making, and use of improved methodologies for managing risk.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $1,953,300 supported by 32.6
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. The major focus of activity .was enforcement and
compliance efforts to ensure better internal management, and to meet the
increased number of requests sent to the Judicial Officer function for final
decision.
11-19
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OFFICE OF REGIONAL OPERATIONS
1990 Program Request '
The Agency requests a total of $409,400 supported by 5.0 total workyears^
for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $25,600 and no change in total workyears from
1989. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and
support costs. The Office will continue to ensure that the Administrator's
policies are effectively communicated to the Regional Administrators; that the
Administrator is alerted to potential Regional problems and concerns; and that
the Administrator is assisted in managing significant Regional issues. The
Office will also continue to address the basic management needs of the
Environmental Services Divisions and will continue to advise the Regional
Offices on risk reduction and management.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $383,800 and 5.0 total
workyears, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The
Office provides a key communications link between the Administrator and the ten
Regional offices, and plays an active part in Regional budget issues. The
Office also has put emphasis on providing guidance for and oversight of the ten
Environmental Services Divisions.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $489,700 and 6.6 total workyears
for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Office ensured that the Administrator's policies werej
effectively communicated to the Regional Administrators, that the Regions were
included in the policy-making and decision-making processes, and that the
Administrator was kept informed of Regional concerns and issues. In addition,
the Office carried out its responsibility as the Headquarters focal point for
the Agency's Environmental Services Divisions.
OFFICE OF EXECUTIVE SUPPORT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,045,300 .supported by 24.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $48,000 and no change in total
workyears from 1989. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and support costs. This Office will continue to provide monitoring
of resource expenditures, develop the outyear budget for the staff offices,
provide centralized personnel and management support services, and provide
assistance to staff offices with recruitment, staffing, and property control.
The Office will continue to prepare a yearly report to Congress on the cost to
the Agency and to the public of/administering the Freedom of Information Act,
to provide policy and program oversight on the Freedom of Information program,
and to manage and track executive and Congressional correspondence.
11-20
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1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $997,300 supported by 24.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. The Office is responsible for monitoring resource
expenditures, developing the outyear budget for the staff offices, providing
centralized personnel and management support services, and providing assistance
to staff offices with recruitment, staffing, and property control. The Office
continues to prepare a yearly report to Congress on the cost to the Agency and
to the public of administering the Freedom of Information Act, to provide
policy and program oversight on the Freedom of Information Act, and to manage
and track executive and Congressional correspondence.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $921,900 supported by 22.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Office completed monthly financial and operating plan
reports, developed the outyear budget for the staff offices, and conducted
workload analyses for Regional Management. In addition, it provided assistance
and staffing plan development, program management services, and resource and
computer planning studies for the Administrator's staff offices. The Office
logged, controlled and monitored all Freedom of Information requests,
Congressional correspondence, and correspondence addressed to the Administrator
and the Deputy Administrator.
ADMINISTRATOR'S REPRESENTATION FUND
1990 Program Request .
The Agency requests a total, of $5,0.00 for this program, all of which is
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an increase of
$2,000 from 1989. This increase will be the first increase since 1979 and will
provide the Administrator the resources necessary to meet the expanding
requirements for official reception and meetings for visiting dignitaries. The
increase will also help offset the increased cost of these functions over the
past 10 years.
1989 Program .
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,000 to this program, all
of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds are to
cover the expenses of official receptions and other functions.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $2,900 for this function from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This amount .covered the expenses of
official receptions and other functions.
11-21
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OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,271,800 supported by 28.0 total
workyears for this Office, of which $1,831,800 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $440,000 is for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $52,000 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, $7,500 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation and no change in total workyears from 1989. The increase in
Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs. The
Office will continue to manage the Agency's international activities and
programs with an active role in bilateral agreements, such as the
transboundary pollution management agreements with Mexico and Canada, and
international organizations. In 1990, the Office's activities will focus on a
host of global and Regional air pollution issues involving policy formulation,
intra- and inteiragency coordination, and international negotiations. Emphasis
will be three-fold: on global climate change, particularly to influence the
policies and activities of United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) and the
World Meteorological Organization (WMO); on acid precipitation from sulfur and
nitrogen oxides, including the design and implementation of Regional accords
and international conventions; and on urban air pollution from vehicles and
other sources. In addition, the Office will play an active role in emphasizing
the marine environment, extending its responsibilities to include policy
formulation, intra-and interagency coordination and international negotiations.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,212,300 supported by 28.0
total workyears to this Office, of which $1,779,800 is from the Salaries andj
Expenses appropriation and $432,500 is from the Abatement Control, and
Compliance appropriation. The Office continues to provide guidance,
coordination, and exchange of scientific and technical information on a regular
basis in support of Agency programs and fosters agreed upon approaches to
common environmental problems with border countries. In 1989, the Office is
playing a more active role with international organizations including the
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the United Nations
Environment Program and the Economic Commission for Europe. In addition, the
Office will be serving as the U.S. coordinator for the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization's (NATO) Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society (CCMS).
1988 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $1,593,000 and 24.9 total workyears for
this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Dealing with border pollution problems with Canada and Mexico dominated the
focus of OIA. This included negotiations with Canada on transboundary air
quality issues including ozone, and negotiations with Mexico concerning a new
border agreement on control of border sanitation problems. New initiatives
were also taken in support of bilateral cooperation with the USSR and China.
Emphasis was also directed to facilitating trade and environmental aspects of
trade in chemicals and shipment of hazardous wastes.
11-22
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OFFICE OF CIVIL RIGHTS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,528,400 supported by 24.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $52,000 and no change in total
workyears from 1989. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and support costs. In 1990, the Office of Civil Rights will continue
to provide technical guidance and direction to the Agency's civil rights
efforts; provide policy guidance and implementation of the discrimination
complaints processing system; increase policy monitoring and support for
Regional Civil Rights Offices, as well as for Headquarters Office of Civil
Rights; provide continuous monitoring of affirmative action plan
implementation; expand and improve the Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO)
counseling program to resolve complaints through informal conciliation;
strengthen and improve the special emphasis programs by conducting seminars and
workshops for special emphasis employees and Agency managers; increase quantity
and quality of EEO reviews and studies; and improve the implementation of the
Agency regulations regarding non-discrimination in Federally assisted
programs. Emphasis will be put on reducing the average processing time for
complaints of discrimination to comply with the regulatory limit and providing
increased management support and quality control through on-sight evaluations.
1989 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $1,476,400 and 24.8 total workyears for
this Office, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
These resources enable the Office of Civil Rights (OCR) to continue to provide
technical guidance and direction for the Agency's Civil Rights efforts. The
Office is strengthening and improving the special emphasis programs by
conducting seminars and workshops for special emphasis employees and Agency
managers, and continues to conduct EEO reviews and studies and provide
management support and quality control through on-site program evaluations.
OCR continues to implement the Agency's regulations regarding "non-
discrimination in Federally-assisted programs.
1988 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $1,486,700 supported by 24.6 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Office of Civil Rights carried out national equal employment
opportunity monitoring and enforcement programs; managed the Agency's
affirmative action program, special emphasis programs and the discrimination
complaints program; implemented regulations and programs requiring EPA grant
recipients to adhere to the civil rights laws and labor standard requirements
of applicable Federal statutes; and served as the Agency's focal point for the
Historically Black Colleges and Universities program. Specifically, the Office
evaluated activities required to carry out the Agency's responsibilities to
assure.equal opportunity and to prohibit discrimination in employment at EPA;
ensured implementation of the Agency's Special Emphasis Programs (Federal
Women's, Hispanic Employment and Black Employment Programs); implemented and
monitored the Agency's Affirmative Action Plans to remedy under representation
in the workforce; and assured compliance by Agency grantees and contractors
11-23
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with provisions of civil rights laws and labor standards requirements of
applicable Federal statutes.
SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,482,000 supported by 24.4 total workyears
for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $44,000 and no change in total workyears from
1989. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and
support costs. In 1990, approximately 78 regulatory issues will be identified
for the Science Advisory Board (SAB) to review. The increased number of issues
will include 9 new water reviews related to the Safe Drinking Water Act.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,438,000 supported by 24.4
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. The Science Advisory Board is providing expert,
independent advice to the Administrator and the Agency on 61 scientific and
technical issues before the Agency.
1988 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $1,317,200 supported by 19.6 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The SAB was involved in 56 reviews during 1988. Included among
these reviews were issues relating to hazardous air pollutants, toxici
substances, ozone in drinking water, municipal waste combustion, radiological
protection, and radon.
OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES (ALJ)
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,130,500 supported by 17.4 total workyears
for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $80,100 and no change in total workyears from
1989. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and
support costs. In 1990, this Office will continue to preside over and conduct
hearings required by the Administrative Procedures Act related to suspension,
cancellation, licensing and enforcement actions, including the assessment of
civil penalties initiated by the Agency. Preliminary estimates indicate that
there will be approximately 1,100 cases on the Office of Administrative Law
Judges' docket, an increase of approximately 150 cases from 1988.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,050,400 supported by 17.4
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. The ALJ expects to receive approximately 1,050 cases
11-24
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from EPA Regional offices in 1989. Of this total, approximately 220 cases are
expected to be under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), 550
cases under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), 145 cases under the
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), and 35 cases under
the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). In addition, this Office will handle
approximately 135 cases originating at Headquarters, including suspensions;
cancellations; Sec. 3(c)(l)(D) of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act (FIFRA); and Clean Air Act cases.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $896,700 and 17.1 total workyears
for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This Office maintained a docket of 934 cases. Of these cases,
205 were under RCRA; 532 were under TSCA; and 140 cases were under FIFRA.
OFFICE OF SMALL AND DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS UTILIZATION
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $537,100 supported by 6.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $24,000 and no change in total
workyears from 1989. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and support costs. The 'Office will continue to provide technical
assistance to both Headquarters and Regional program office personnel to ensure
that small, minority and/or women's businesses are receiving a "fair share" of
procurement dollars under EPA's Financial Assistance Program. In addition, the
ombudsman will respond to approximately 8,000 inquiries from small firms on
regulatory matters and will provide advice on the many new regulations that
will bring about the desired level of voluntary compliance to several thousand
small businesses.
1989 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $513,100 supported by 6.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. In 1989, emphasis is being placed on handling additional
"Hotline" calls, implementing a Small Business Ombudsman Strategy, creating
business regulatory outreach demonstration projects, and promoting Minority
Business Enterprise and Women's Business Enterprise participation in the
Agency's financial assistance programs to comply with Executive Order 12432.
In addition, the Office will monitor and provide advice on the many new
regulations that will bring about the desired level of voluntary
compliance by several thousand small businesses.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $547,600 supported by 7.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Office coordinated activities with EPA's procurement and
financial assistance programs by providing training and technical assistance;
provided .assistance toward increasing the level of Minority Business
11-25
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Enterprise/Women's Business Enterprise (MBE/WBE) participation in EPA-assisted
programs; provided technical and managerial assistance to Headquarters and
Regional staff assigned to socio-economic program activities, and counseled
minority and women's businesses in compliance with Executive Order 12432.
11-26
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Office of Inspector
General
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Inspector General
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Office of Inspector
General
Salaries & Expenses
Office of Inspector
General
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Office of Inspector
General
$15,558.1 $16,245.7 $16,193.9
$21,417.4
TOTAL $15,558.1 $16,245.7 $16,193.9 $21,417.4
$15,558.1 $16,245.7 $16,193.9
$21,417.4
TOTAL $15,558.1 $16,245.7 $16,193.9 $21,417.4
•$16,193.9
$21,417.4
•$16,193.9
$5,223.5
•$16,193.9
$21,417.4
$5,223.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS '
Office of Inspector
General
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
220.8
220.8
227.4
227.4
226.8
226.8
242.8
242.8
16.0
16.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Office of Inspector
General
TOTAL WORKYEARS
224.7
224.7
227.4
227.4
226.8
226.8
242.8
242.8
16.0
16.0
11-27
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of Inspector General
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $21,417,400 supported by 242.8 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $5,223,500 and 16 total workyears from 1989.
All of this request will be for activities in the Office of the Inspector
General appropriation that were transferred from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL
1990 Program Request : •
The Agency requests a total of $21,417,400 supported by 242.8 total
workyears, all of which will be for activities in the Office of the Inspector
General appropriation that were transferred from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $5,223,500 and 16 total
workyears from 1989. We will use these resources to (1) provide audits of
construction grants, including mega-grantees, that save the most Agency
dollars; (2) help build State and local capacity through audits of States'
Revolving Fund plans to assist States in establishing and administering their
programs according to statute; (3) investigate construction grant fraud; (4)
support the Agency personnel security program and the OIG human resources
development program; and (5) provide support costs such as rent, ADP, and
telecommunications. As a result of newly enacted legislation, the OIG now has
a separate appropriation which includes the above staff support costs.
The resources requested will be used by the Office of Inspector General
(OIG) to continue conducting internal and management audits to improve the
economy, efficiency, and effectiveness of EPA programs and to provide and
expand audit coverage to EPA programs, and operations which have received little
or no previous attention. The OIG will emphasize reviewing programs aimed at
achieving environmental results and ensuring strong enforcement including (1)
air and water quality, (2) hazardous waste disposal, (3) pesticides and toxics,
and (4) asbestos grants and loans. The OIG will expand its program of external
audits of grants and contracts which have historically recovered over $14 in
costs for each audit dollar spent and initiate audits of State Revolving Funds.
The OIG will also expand investigations of antitrust activities and other
construction-related " fraud and will aggressively pursue new initiatives,
including examinations of possible antitrust activities, the use of substandard
materials by architectural and engineering firms and conspiracies to defraud by
contract laboratories. By focusing efforts on fraud cases in vulnerable areas
and by taking more proactive initiatives, the OIG expects to obtain greater
results, including more indictments, convictions, and monetary recoveries.
11-28
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The OIG will continue its efforts in fraud prevention by publicizing OIG
activities to EPA employees, identifying areas sensitive to fraud, and
developing new fraud detection tools and methods.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $16,193,900 supported by
226.8 total workyears, all of which is from the Salaries and Expense
appropriation. The OIG is continuing to perform internal and management audits
needed to help improve the economy, efficiency, and effectiveness of the
Agency's overall program operations. Primary emphasis is on reviewing programs
or areas in which insufficient audit resources have been devoted. For example,
this includes such reviews as EPA's controls over the importation and
exportation of hazardous wastes, enforcement of standards for non-community
water systems, enforcement of the national emission standards for asbestos, and
the enforcement of financial penalties and closures of sites for hazardous
waste violations. Such reviews assist Agency managers to identify and correct
major systemic problems which in turn strengthen environmental programs. These
reviews help the Agency meet its mission while ensuring that limited resources
are used more efficiently and effectively.
The OIG investigative resources are devoted to conducting criminal
investigations relating to EPA programs and operations. Major investigations
cover bid rigging and other fraud in EPA-funded construction activities;
procurement fraud; false claims; fraud and misconduct concerning EPA employees;
and administrative investigations of improprieties involving EPA programs and
personnel. New initiatives have been aggressively started to identify fraud in
the contract laboratory program and use of substandard materials in
construction projects. Efforts are continuing to encourage the use of the OIG
hotline to uncover instances of suspected fraud, waste, and mismanagement.)
Under the fraud prevention program, the OIG is providing technical and audit
assistance to the Agency assessing the adequacy of internal controls as
required by the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act of 1982.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $15,558,100 supported by 224.7
total workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The Office of Inspector General issued 1,920 audit reports which questioned
costs of $484,200,000. Overall, $53,000,000 of costs questioned were sustained
by Agency management. During the year, the Agency obtained $47,700,000 of
costs efficiencies and $42,900,000 of actual cash recoveries as a result of
audit efforts. An expanded internal and management audit program was
implemented and about 35 percent of the OIG audit resources were devoted to
examining many critical areas which had not previously been audited. Internal
audits provided recommendations for improving the effectiveness, efficiency,
and results of EPA program operations. Investigative activities focusing on
major civil and criminal violations have resulted in the recovery of $1,655,026
in fines and restitution.
Key improvements resulting from OIG audits included: (1) strengthening
inspections and enforcement of hazardous air pollutants standards for asbestos;
(2) strengthening of controls over the permitting of hazardous waste sites;
(3) developing and enacting an enforcement strategy over the export and import
11-29
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of hazardous wastes; and (4) initiating an aggressive action plan to identify
and enforce closings of hazardous waste sites. The.OIG opened 290 new investi-
gations and closed 264 investigations, obtaining 67 indictments or convictions.
Significant results were achieved in investigations of construction-related
fraud, and bribery in the inspection of asbestos removal, and the submission of
fraudulent documentation involving emissions testing of foreign vehicles. The
OIG also initiated a fraud prevention and detection awareness program for EPA
managers to encourage and improve their recognition and reporting of possible
fraud and abuse.
11-30
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Office of
General Counsel
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of General Counsel
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Office of General
Counsel
Salaries & Expenses $7,255.9 $7,223.0 $7,190.5 $7,864.5 $674.0
TOTAL $7,255.9 $7,223.0 $7,190.5 $7,864.5 $674.0
TOTAL: . . -
Salaries & Expenses $7,255.9 $7,223.0 $7,190.5 $7,864.5 $674.0
Office of General
Counsel TOTAL $7,255.9 $7,223.0 $7,190.5 $7,864.5 $674.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Office of General ' 105.7 117.9 117.5 125.7 8.2
Counsel
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 105.7 117.9 117.5 125.7 8.2
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Office of General 115.4 125.1 124.7 125.7 1.0
Counsel
TOTAL WORKYEARS 115.4 125.1 124.7 125.7 1.0
11-31
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of General Counsel
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,864,500 supported by 125.7 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $674,000 and an increase of 1.0 total
workyears from 1989. All of the request will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
GENERAL COUNSEL
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,864,500 supported by 125.7 workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $674,000 and an increase of 1.0 total workyears
from 1989. The increase will provide for additional legal support to the
Agency's procurement program, and for increased personnel and support costs.
The Office of General Counsel (OGC) will provide legal advice and counsel
to Agency management and media program offices concerning legal interpretation
of EPA administered statutes, other applicable laws, regulations and
administrative areas such as personnel, grants, contracts, and access by the
public to EPA held information. The OGC will handle litigation in which EPA is
a defendant. Legal support and review will be provided for all major
regulatory actions, policy documents and guidelines to insure that legal error
is avoided.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,190,500 supported by 124.7
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. The 1989 program provides continued support to Agency
program priorities through legal advice and assistance, handling defensive
litigation, review of Agency rulemaking actions, and participating in selected
administrative proceedings.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $7,255,900 supported by 115.4
total workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
In 1988, the OGC supported Agency priorities by providing legal advice and
support to Agency managers and by defending the Agency in litigation filed
against it. OGC also reviewed regulatory actions to ensure legal defensibility
and provided advice on other actions, such as grants, contracts, and personnel
matters.
11-32
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Office of
External Affairs
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of External Affairs
. . ACTUAL
1988
PROGRAM
Office of
Analysis
Salaries
Office of
Liaison
Salaries
Office of
Affairs
Salaries
Office of
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989 .
REQUEST
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Legislative
& Expenses
TOTAL
Congressional
& Expenses
TOTAL
Public
& Expenses
TOTAL
Community and
$904
$904
$935
$935
$2,781
$2,781
.2
.2
.4
.4
.2
.2
$1,004.
$1,004.
$938.
$938.
$2,691.
$2,691.
7
7
8
8
3
3
$991.
$991.
$931.
$931.
$2,690.
$2,690.
7
7
1
1
2
2
$1,078
$1,078
$1,012
$1,012
$2,994
$2,994
.4
.4
.5
.5
.2
.2
$86
$86
$81
$81
$304
; $304
.7
.7
.4
.4
.0
.0
Intergovernmental
Relations
Salaries
Office of
Activities
Salaries
& Expenses
TOTAL
Federal
& Expenses
TOTAL
$755
$755
$1,830
$1,830
.3
.3
.0
.0
$879.
$879.
$1,930.
$1,930.
3
3
3
3
$876.
$876.
$1,980.
$1,980.
0
0
3
3
$952
$952
$2,161
$2,161
.6
.6
.1
.1
$76
$76
$180
$180
.6
.6
.8
.8
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Office of External
Affairs
TOTAL
$7,206.1 $7,444.4 $7,469.3 $8,198.8 $729.5
$7,206.1 $7,444.4 $7,469.3 $8,198.8 $729.5
11-33
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of External Affairs
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Office of Legislative 14.9 16..4 16.4 19.8
Analysis
Office of Congressional 17.8 19.0 19.0 20.8
Liaison
Office of Public Affairs 40.5 38.5 38.5 43.5
Office of Community and 10.6 14.4 14.4 14.4
Intergovernmental Relations
Office of Federal 27.0 28.3 28.3 31.9
Activities
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 110.8 116.6 . 116.6 130.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Office of Legislative 17.2 20.1 19.8 19.8
Analysis
Office of Congressional 19.8 20.9 20.8 20.8
Liaison
Office of Public Affairs 45.9 42.5 42.5 43.5
Office of Community and 11.6 14.4 14.4 14.4
Intergovernmental Relations
Office of Federal Activities 30.6 30.9 30.9 31.9
TOTAL WORKYEARS 125.1 128.8 128.4 130.4
3.4
1.8
5.0
3.6
13.8
1.0
1.0
2.0
11-34
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of External Affairs
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,198,800 supported by 130.4 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $729,500 and 2.0 total workyears from 1989.
All of the request will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
OFFICE OF LEGISLATIVE ANALYSIS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,078,400 supported by 19.8 total
workyears for 1990, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $86,700 and no change in total
workyears from 1989. The increase will provide for increased personnel and
support costs. During 1990, the Office will continue to ensure that testimony,
draft legislation, and analyses and reports on' pending and proposed legislation
will be developed and provided to OMB and the Congress in a timely fashion and
consistent with Agency and Administration policies.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $991,700 supported by 19.8
total workyears for this Office, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The 1989 program includes developing draft legislative
proposals extending the appropriations required for seven of EPA's major
statutory authorities. In addition, the Office will conduct extensive analyses
in connection with a multitude of significant amendments to the Clean Air Act
and other air related issues. The Office also has begun preparation of the
1989 legislative program and selected areas in which legislative proposals were
considered for possible introduction during the remainder of • the 101st
Congress.
1988 Accomplishments
"in 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $904,200 supported by 17.2 total
workyears for this Office, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Office developed draft legislative proposals extending the
appropriations required for all of EPA's major statutory authorities. In 1988,
the Office developed testimony and related material for 109 hearings, reviewed
and responded to 145 bills referred to the Agency from OMB and Congressional
committees, 120 draft legislative reports proposed by other agencies, and 172
statements or testimony of other agencies.
11-35
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OFFICE OF CONGRESSIONAL LIAISON
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,012,500 supported by 20.8 total
workyears for 1990, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $81,400 and no change in total
workyears. The increase will provide for increased personnel and support
costs. The budget request will enable the Office to provide effective day-to-
day liaison with the Congress and will ensure that increasing member and
committee requests are handled in a timely manner. The Office will continue to
represent the views of the Agency to Congress, coordinate EPA related hearings
and supervise daily interaction with Congressional members and staff.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $931,100- supported by 20.8
total workyears for this Office, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Office will continue to provide effective day-to-day
liaison with Congress as it examines legislation relating to environmental
issues.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $935,400 supported by 19.8 total
workyears for this Office, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Office of Congressional Liaison was responsible for all
day-to-day Congressional contacts, including more than 250 briefings of members
and/or staff, involvement in approximately 108 hearings, and coordination of
numerous meetings, courtesy calls, specific Committee investigative information
requests and casework generated by Congress.
OFFICE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,994,200 supported by 43.5 total
workyears for 1990, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $304,000 and 1.0 total workyears
from 1989. The increase will support an EPA consumer affairs ombudsman as well
as increased personnel and support costs. In 1990, the Office of Public
Affairs will continue to inform, educate, and involve the public on the issues
before the Agency and to promote understanding of the Agency's mission and the
Administrator's goals and objectives.
1989 Program
•
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,690,200 supported by 42.5
total workyears for this Office, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
11-36
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appropriation. In addition to working with the news media and providing
informational materials for the general public, OPA is emphasizing: (1)
improving coordination within the Agency of communication activities related to
major Agency actions, and (2) strengthening long range planning of public
information activities in coordination with major EPA program offices and the
Regional offices.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $2,781,200 supported by 45.9
total workyears for this Office, all of which was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. In addition to the general activities of informing the
news media and providing information material to the public, the Office focused
on Agency priority issues of concern to the public and provided communications
support for major EPA initiatives.
OFFICE OF COMMUNITY AND INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $952,600 supported by 14.4 total workyears
for this Office, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $76,600 and no change in total
workyears from 1989. The increase will provide for increased personnel and
support costs. In 1990, the Office will continue its implementation of
leadership and guidance activities to support community relations efforts
throughout the Agency, to maintain • Agency liaison with state and local
officials while increasing activities to enhance technology transfer
capabilities and ensure emphasis on Federalism. In addition, the Agency plans
to increase communications with private sector organizations not traditionally
involved in environmental efforts, provide continuing assistance in delegation
of environmental programs to State and local governments, and implement the
President's Environmental Youth Awards program and other youth outreach
activities.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of «$876,000 supported by 14.4
total workyears for this Office, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. During this year, the Office is implementing Agency guidance in
community relations activities to provide maximum appropriate local involvement
in EPA's decisions. The Office is developing enhanced ability to work with
state and local governments, especially small governments, to improve their
capacity for environmental responsibilities. The Office is continuing to
enhance EPA's relationships with the States through the ongoing State/EPA
Committee and its various adhoc work groups, developing ongoing communications
with major environmental and other interest groups as well as private sector
organizations; Support and coordination will continue to increase for the
President's Environmental Youth Awards program.
11-37
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1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $755,300 supported by 11.6 total
workyears for this Office, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. During 1988, the Office established an ongoing series ofj
briefings relating to national environmental organization leadership, increased
the activities of the Agency's Youth Program, through the State/EPA Committee
addressed major national environmental concerns of both States and EPA, and
initiated regular dialogue on environmental issues with local government
organizations.
OFFICE OF FEDERAL ACTIVITIES
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,161,100 supported by 31.9 total
workyears for this Office, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $180,800 and 1.0 total workyears.
The increase will provide additional resources for monitoring EPA's Federal
activities compliance program as well as for increased personnel and support
costs. The Office of Federal Activities (OFA) will: maintain oversight
concerning EPA's compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act, (NEPA)
and other cross cutting Federal environmental statutes; oversee development and
implementation of "NEPA-like" environmental processes for State Revolving Fund
activities; direct activities to assure compliance by other Federal agencies
with all environmental statutes pursuant to Executive Order 12088; and review
the budget plans of other agencies to assure adequate funding of abatement
projects pursuant to Office of Management and Budget Circular A-106; review
other Federal agencies' projects and actions, including their Environmental!
Impact Statement (EISs in accordance with Section 309 of the Clean Air Act and
NEPA; coordinate the implementation of EPA programs on Indian reservations;
provide limited technical assistance to international environmental impact
assessment program development and project reviews; and continue its Council on
Environmental Quality EIS filing activities.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,980,300 supported by 30.9
total workyears for this Office, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Office continues to: ensure that EPA programs operate in
comformance with NEPA and other cross cutting Federal environmental statutes;
direct activities pursuant to Executive Order 12088 and Office of Management
and Budget Circular A-106 related to compliance of Federal installations with
environmental regulations; review other Federal actions for potential
environmental impact; analyze EPA policies associated with other Federal
agencies; oversee the implementation of EPA's Indian Policy; provide limited
supported for international environmental impact activities; and operate the
Federal EIS filing, effort. '
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $1,830,000 supported by 30.6
total workyears for this Office, all of which was from the Salaries and
11-38
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Expenses appropriation. The Office focused its activity on: improving
allocation and control of funding for the preparation of NEPA documents (EISs)
and Finding of no. Significant Impact (FNSIs), implementing new procedures for
both review of Federal agency actions and interaction with other agencies as
required by NEPA and Section 309 of the Clean Air Act; increasing emphasis on
compliance of Federal agencies with Federal environmental statutes; developing
and implementing an Agency policy with Indian tribes relating to environmental
issues on reservation lands.
11-39
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Office of Policy,
Planning and
Evaluation
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Policy, Planning & Evaluation
ACTUAL
1988
PROGRAM
Program Management -
Policy, Planning And
Evaluation
Salaries & Expenses $823.8
TOTAL $823.8
Integrated
Environmental
Management Program
Salaries & Expenses $2,846.8
TOTAL $2,846.8
Office of Policy
Analysis
Salaries & Expenses $8,604.5
Abatement Control and
Compliance.
TOTAL $8,604.5
Office of Standards &
Regulations
Salaries & Expenses $5,132.4
TOTAL $5,132.4
Office of Management
Systems & Evaluation
Salaries & Expenses $2,824.6
TOTAL $2,824.6
Pollution Prevention
Program .
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $20,232.1
Abatement, Control and
ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST
1989 ESTIMATE 1990
1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$908.5 $889.1 $893.7
$908.5 $889.1 $893.7
$2,956.8 $2,932.3 $2,999.3
$2,956.8 $2.932.3 $2,999.3
$11,770.9 $10,548.7 $10,915.3
$5,700.0 $6,895.0 $6,200.0
$17,470.9 $17,443.7 $17,115.3
$5,319.5 $5,189.2 $5,493.0
$5,319.5 $5,189.2 $5,493.0
$2,990.9 $2,921.3 $3,052.8
$2,990.9 $2,921.3 $3,052.8'
$233.4 $636.3 $664.8
$4,000.0 $4,951.6 $4,500.0
$4,233.4 $5,587.9 $5,164.8
$24,180.0 $23,116.9 $24,018.9
$9,700.0 $11,846.6 $10,700.0
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
$4.6
$4.6
$67.0
- $67.0
$366.6
-$695.0
-$328.4
$303.8
$303.8
. $131.5
$131.5
- $28.5
-$451.6
-$423.1
.. $902.0
-$1,146.6
Compliance
Office of Policy, Planning
& Evaluation TOTAL
$20,232.1 $33,880.0
11-40
$34,963.5 $34,718.9
-$244.6
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Policy, Planning & Evaluation
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Program Management -
Policy, Planning And
Evaluation
Integrated
Environmental
Management Program
Office of Policy
Analysis
Office of Standards &
Regulations
Office of Management
Systems & Evaluation
Pollution Prevention
Program
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
12.8
13.2
49.8
58.3
47.4
181.5
13.9
16.0
57.0
61.9
51.6
5.0
205.4
13.9
16.0
54.4
59.8
50.3
9.7
204.1
14.8
18.9
64.3
64.5
51.9
9.7
224.1
2.9
9.9
4.7
1.6
20.0
Program Management -
Policy, Planning And
Evaluation
Integrated
Environmental
Management Program
Office of Policy
Analysis
Office of Standards &
Regulations
Office of Management
Systems & Evaluation
Pollution Prevention
Program
TOTAL WORKYEARS
14.8
18.8
59.2
66.4
51.0
14.8
18.9
64.9
66.6
53.2
5.0
14.8
18.9
62.3
64.5
51.9
9.7
14.8
18.9
64.3
64.5
51.9
9.7
2.0
210.2 223.4 222.1 224.1
11-41
2.0
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of Policy. Planning and Evaluation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $34,718,900 supported by 224.1 total
workyears for 1990, a decrease of $244,600 and an increase of 2.0 total
workyears from 1989. Of the request $24,018,900 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,700,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation of $902,000 and a decrease of $1,146,600 in the
Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - POLICY. PLANNING AND EVALUATION
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $893,700 supported by 14.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $4,600 and no change in total
workyears. The increase reflects increased personnel and support costs.
This request will provide the Assistant Administrator with sufficient
staff and resources for the policy direction, special analyses, human resources
initiatives, and budgetary and administrative support necessary to manage
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation and its component offices efficiently
and effectively. It also will enable the Agency to respond appropriately to
General Accounting Office evaluations of EPA programs.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $889,100 supported by 14.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. This program is providing overall policy direction and
conducting the activities necessary to manage the component offices of OPPE.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $823,800 supported by 14.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These funds supported the basic budgetary, administrative,
analytic, and planning activities necessary to manage OPPE. .
11-42
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INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM (IEMP)
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,999,300 supported by 18.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $67,000 and no change in total
workyears from 1989. The increase reflects increased personnel and support
costs.
IEMP will disseminate the knowledge and experience from a limited number
of completed state/Regional demonstration projects designed as models for
transferring multi-media, risk-based environmental management methods to the
states, Regions, and Indian tribes. Specific products include: state/Regional
use of risk-based tools and integrated environmental management processes to
set environmental management priorities; state/Regional implementation of
environmental action plans based on those priorities; and institutionalization
of a negotiation process between state, Regional and national program managers
which appropriately reflects an efficient balance of Federal/local partnership
to address environmental issues and provide the basis for measuring the value
of pollution control action.
IEMP also will concentrate on improving the links between scientific
research and information needed for policy-making. It will sponsor projects
which expand risk analysis to account for ecological effects. The program will
work with other Agency offices to develop more realistic exposure data and
exposure assumptions, and will support future regulatory activities such as
management of contaminated sediments in near coastal waters and identification
and assessment of the ecological impacts at Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act waste sites. Finally, it will work with program offices to develop better!
methods for evaluating the wide range of human health effects associated with
subchronic exposures to pollution and better guidance for incorporating
uncertainty in risk assessment and risk management.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a'total of $2,932,300 supported by 18.9
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation.
IEMP is completing a limited number of state and Regional demonstration
projects designed as models for transferring multi-media, risk-based
environmental management methods to the states and Regions. Non-participating
states and Regions are receiving some technical assistance. IEMP also is
helping states and Regions to use risk analysis techniques and is helping to
improve the link between scientific research and policy-making. Current
projects include: development of weight-of-evidence classification and potency
estimation procedures for non-cancer effects; increased standardization of
methods and models used for exposure assessment; creation of classification
schemes for addressing scientific uncertainty in cross-media comparative risk
analysis; development of specific criteria for evaluating environmental threats
posed by contaminated sediments; and identification of biological parameters
that can be used to define and project the effectiveness of EPA regulatory
programs.
11-43
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1988 Accomplishments
In FY 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $2,846,800 supported by 18.8
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation.
IEMP completed the Denver project and began the transition from these
methodology-building, site-specific pollution control initiatives to
institutionalization of cross-media risk, cost analysis, and decision-making by
sponsorship of five state-level and Regional integration programs and through
technical assistance to non-program states and Regions. This
institutionalization work was carried out in the States of Pennsylvania and
Colorado, in Regions I, III, and X, and for the Turtle Mountain Band of
Chippewa Indians. Work on developing quantitative methods to assess non-cancer
health effects was performed. IEMP also undertook case studies of the risk
assessments for two chemicals to provide decision-makers with a better
understanding of the uncertainties and margins of safety in Agency risk
assessments. To more accurately reflect actual exposure conditions and risks,
a study of risks from air toxics was completed;
OFFICE OF POLICY ANALYSIS (OPA)
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $17,115,300 supported by 64.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $10,915,300 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,200,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $366,600 and a
decrease of $695,000, respectively, and an increase of 2.0 total workyears from
1989. The increases in Salaries and Expenses reflect increased personnel and
support costs and expanded efforts in global climate change. The decrease in
Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects the one-time cost associated with
the 1989 National Academy of Sciences global climate study.
With these resources, OPA will analyze EPA's highest priority regulatory
actions and non-regulatory initiatives, focussing particularly on issues
identified as posing high risks to health, environment and public welfare. OPA
will analyze proposed Clean Air Act (CAA) amendments, especially in the areas
of acid rain and air toxics, and analyze costs and environmental benefits of
key air regulations under development. OPA will assist in the analysis and
implementation of the State Clean Water Strategy, the EPA Ground-water
Strategy, oceans initiatives and coordination of water and hazardous waste
policies, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Subtitle D and corrective
action programs. OPA also will provide important support in the area of Title
III and related activities. OPA will continue to perform economic analyses
with emphasis on use of benefit/cost evaluations in state water quality reports
and on impacts of EPA regulations on different sectors of the economy. The
Economic Research Program will determine economic damages to materials and
waterbodies from acid precipitation, and the economic value of ground-water
protection.
11-44
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OPA will have lead responsibility for important aspects of an expanded
Agency global climate change program, working closely with the Offices of
Research and Development (ORD) and Air and Radiation (OAR). The OPPE program
will have a strong interagency focus. It will build on the reports to
Congress, work with and integrate other EPA activities, position the Agency to
evaluate all policy options, and provide stimulus to expand international
understanding and involvement in response to strategy issues. Primary
activities will involve data gathering, analysis of reduction strategies, and
adaptation of policy analyses.
Work in environmental resources will focus on improving integration of
agricultural and environment policies through review of the Food and Drug
Administration and the Departments of Agriculture (USDA) and Interior
regulations and review of agriculture legislative proposals. OPA also will
assist USDA to implement aspects of the Conservation Reserve Program. Work on
risk assessment/ management/communication will focus on training for EPA staff;
technical assistance to program and Regional offices; support to the Risk
Assessment Council, the Risk Assessment Forum and the Center for Risk
Management; and other activities to improve the Agency's performance in this
area. OPA will coordinate this work with other related OPPE efforts.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $17,443,700 supported by 62.3
total workyears for this program, of which $10,548,700 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,895,000 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
OPA is analyzing EPA's highest priority regulatory actions and non-
regulatory initiatives, which include policy implications of the National Acid|
Precipitation Program's final report, implementation issues for the
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) control and tropospheric ozone programs, integrated
water - quality-based targeting strategy implementation, cross-media impacts of
solid wastes and hazardous substances, and industrial wastes under Subtitle D.
Benefit/cost analyses required under Executive Order (E.O.) 12291 are
continuing in all program areas and the Economic Research Program is helping to
develop new analytical methods to improve risk management. Work on risk
assessment/management/communication is focussed on training for EPA staff and
technical assistance to program and Regional offices as well as support for the
Center for Risk Management.
In the area of global climate change, OPA is working closely with the ORD
and OAR to complete and follow up on two major reports to Congress: "Policy
Options for Stabilizing Climate" and the "Environmental Effects of Climate
Change." OPA also is working with other agencies and organizations on climate
issues, representing EPA in the Interagency National Climate Program and at
conferences sponsored by the World Meteorological Organization and United
Nations Environmental Programme. It is refining the analytical framework for
analyzing stabilization, building modeling systems for effects, and studying
adaptive responses.
11-45
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1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $8,604,500 supported by 59.2
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation.
With these resources, OPA focused on new stationary and mobile source
controls, stratospheric ozone protection, drinking water standards, non-point
sources, Subtitle D regulations for industrial landfills and mining waste
regulations, and other high-priority regulatory efforts. Work in the area of
global climate change included drafting two reports to Congress, developing the
initial framework for estimating future concentrations of trace gases and
global temperatures, and analyzing the impact of climate change. OPA oversaw
implementation of E.O. 12291; and its Economic Research Program worked on major
projects on pesticides policy and improved morbidity risk valuation. OPA
continued its efforts to improve EPA's performance in the areas of risk
assessment, risk management, and risk communication.
OFFICE OF STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS (OSR)
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,493,000 supported by 64.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $303,800 and no change in total
workyears from 1989. The increase reflects increased personnel and support
costs.
OSR will continue to administer the Agency's internal regulation review
and analysis process and to provide quality control and clearance for all EPA
reporting and recordkeeping required of the public. It will review regulatory
and policy documents for compliance with Executive Orders (E.O.) 12291, 12498,
12630 and 12612, the Regulatory Flexibility Act, the amended Paperwork
Reduction Act (PRA) and Federal Register requirements. OSR will provide
training in regulation development to program and Regional offices, and will
investigate application of expert systems in regulatory decisionmaking and
increased use of computer conferencing to facilitate full participation in
rulemaking. OSR will provide expert statistical support to the program and
Regional offices and foster implementation of Data Quality Objectives.
Emphasis in Title III support will progress from management of data collection
to evaluation of program effectiveness. Support for the Office of Pesticides
and Toxic Substances (OPTS) will emphasize policy development for control of
harmful chemicals and oversight of EPA's biotechnology program and move toward
resolution of indemnification issues and problems associated with disposal of
cancelled pesticides.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,189,200 supported by 64.5
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation:
11-46
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OSR continues to administer and direct the Agency's internal regulation
review and analysis process and to provide quality control and clearance for
all EPA reporting and recordkeeping required of the public. It reviews
regulatory and policy documents for compliance with all applicable
requirements. OSR is expanding its regulation development course audience toj
include the Regions and additional program offices. Through highly specialized
statistical consultation and support, OSR is aiding programs in improving
survey design, sampling, monitoring and data analysis methods. OSR is
assisting enforcement offices in developing optional enforcement inspection
strategies and supports implementation of Data Quality Objectives. OSR
promotes the use of consultative and consensual activities in issue resolution,
decisionmaking and negotiation. Regulatory innovation is focusing on provision
of technical assistance to Regions/states in identifying and controlling non-
point sources of pollution and on identification and promotion of integrated
waste management alternatives to reduce the volume of waste. Pesticides support
is emphasizing assistance to the program office in meeting the demands of the
1988 amendments to the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act and
analysis in the area of toxic substances is concentrating on development of an
Agency policy on testing chemicals.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $5,132,400 supported by 66.4
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and
Expenses
appropriation.
With these resources, OSR ensured compliance with the Executive Orders,
the
amended PRA, and other requirements by continuing its technical, statistical^
and policy review of existing regulations as well as those under development.
OSR developed a training course on regulation development in EPA and presented
it to several program offices. It effectively promoted the value of
statistical analysis in support of EPA decisionmaking and sponsored training
and a national conference on environmental statistics. OSR promoted
negotiation as an alternative to formal rulemaking and expanded active
assistance and participation in the use of consensual techniques. Regulatory
innovation efforts resulted in initiation of a work group to address
proliferation of EPA lists of toxic chemicals and provided information,
analysis and preliminary 'products to support initiation of the Pollution
Prevention Office. OSR continued oversight and support of OPTS, participating
directly in rulemaking for OPTS's biotechnology rule and in development of
reports to Congress on asbestos in public schools and public buildings. OSR
also contributed to development of a new approach to pesticide regulation with
respect to ground-water contamination and introduced the use of cost-
effectiveness analysis in decisionmaking.
OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND EVALUATION (OMSE)
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,052,800 supported by 51.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
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appropriation. This represents an increase of $131,500 and no change in total
workyears from 1989. The increase reflects increased personnel and support
costs.
Improvements in EPA's management systems will focus on developing
strategies for EPA programs that define specific environmental goals that can
be tracked over time. In addition to work on selected programs' strategies,
OMSE will work with the hazardous waste, ground water, nonpoint source, and
pollution prevention programs to define appropriate environmental indicators
that complement the programs' goals. Other efforts will focus on improving
EPA's priority-setting process and link budget decisions more closely with
health and environmental priorities. Evaluation projects will include problem
assessments and problem-solving projects in several EPA program areas,
including municipal and other solid waste, air toxics, ground-water
contamination, and infectious waste, as well as reviews of state/EPA
interactions in selected programs.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,921,300 supported by 51.9
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation.
OMSE is managing the Agency's planning and management system and adapting
it to meet new management objectives. OMSE is supporting development of an
Agencywide strategy that will articulate both management and environmental
goals for each major program and enable the Administrator to track progress
over time and evaluate the effectiveness of the programs. OMSE is
demonstrating and promoting ways to use existing environmental data for problem
assessment, priority setting, and program evaluation at national, Regional and
local levels and will conduct a seminar on effective ways to manage for
environmental results. OMSE also plans demonstration projects in two to four
states to test ways to improve the use of environmental information in
decisions concerning water resources and pesticide contamination. Evaluation
projects include the development and evaluation of inexpensive methods of
motivating people to test their homes for radon, an effort to define the roles
of Headquarters and Regional offices in implementing the Pesticides in Ground-
water Strategy, an examination of the process by which Federal agencies request
funding for pollution abatement and clean-up projects, and an evaluation of a
pilot test of differential oversight in the National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System program under the Clean Water Act.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated $2,824,600 supported, by 51.0 total
workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
OMSE managed the Agency's two core program management processes, the
Strategic Planning and Management System and the Action Tracking System. With
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Office of Water, and
the appropriate Regional offices, OMSE developed an analysis of near coastal
waters in Region I and a statewide analysis of surface and ground-water
resources in the State of Oregon. It improved the national priority-setting
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process by ensuring Headquarters managers took into account the region-specific
health and environmental priorities of the Regions and states. OMSK also
prepared an update of the 1984 document, "Environmental Progress and
Challenges", the only comprehensive EPA report on environmental conditions and
trends in each of Agency's major programs. Evaluation projects included
assessments of EPA's experience with negotiated rulemaking, state/EPA relations
in delegated programs, options for setting up a waste minimization
clearinghouse, policy options for regulating hazardous waste exports, and
compliance monitoring strategies developed to guide enforcement of pesticides
regulatory actions. OMSE also assisted the Office of Underground Storage Tanks
(OUST) in developing a long-term program plan.
POLLUTION PREVENTION PROGRAM (PPP) -
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,164,800 supported by 9.7 total workyears
for this program, of which $664,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,500,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $28,500 and a decrease of
$451,600, respectively, and no change in total workyears from 1989. The
increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support
costs. The decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects the award of
one-time state grants used to initiate State pollution prevention programs.
PPP will continue to pursue the four goals identified and initiated in
1989, but with a more focused agenda. Agency products will include
availability of information through a national clearinghouse and a hotline on
technologies, substitutions, and approaches that are known to be effective fort
specific industries and facilities as well as recommendations on how to create"
additional incentives for pollution prevention and how to eliminate existing
barriers. Support of state pollution prevention programs through the
distribution of multi-media grants will continue. In addition, the Office will
evaluate'existing state pollution prevention programs to be used by the states
and EPA as a future planning and priority-setting tool. The program also will
continue to work on developing reliable indicators of waste reduction and
pollution prevention. Data collected from the Superfund . Amendments and
Reauthorization Act, section 313, and from other Agency data bases will be used
to begin to identify national trends and to target areas of opportunity.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,587,900 supported by 9.7
total workyears for this program, of which $636,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,951,600 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
PPP is working to meet four specific goals: (1) communicating to state
and local governments, industry, public interest groups, citizen groups,
Congress, Federal agencies and other appropriate organizations the need for and
capability to achieve pollution prevention and. source reduction initiatives;
(2) developing a multi-media approach through regulatory review of incentives
and disincentives for pollution prevention and through creation of media-
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specific pollution prevention plans; (3) encouraging state and local programs
through distribution of grant dollars to state programs to support state
pollution prevention programs and through creation of networks of technical
experts available to local governments; and (4) evaluating progress and
targeting opportunities through development of reliable indicators of pollution
prevention and implementation of a data collection strategy. A product of this
first year's work is a national pollution prevention strategy which ties the
four objectives together and involves industry, public interest groups, Federal
agencies, and other interested organizations in its design, development and
implementation.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated no dollars and no workyears for this
program.
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Office of Administra-
tion and Resources
Management
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Administration & Resources Management
ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Program Management -
Administration
Salaries & Expenses
Financial Management
Headquarters
Salaries & Expenses
$1,380.9
TOTAL $1,380.9
$7,566.1
TOTAL $7,566.1
$1,461.6
$1,461.6
$6,396.5
$6,396.5
$1,460.1
$1,460.1
$7,870.2
$7,870.2
$1,540.5
$1,540.5
$8,335.6
$8,335.6
$80.4
$80.4
$465.4
$465.4
Office of the
Comptroller
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Contracts and Grants
Management
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Organization and Health
Services
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Facilities & Management
Services
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
$1,380.9
$1,380.9
$7,566.1
$7,566.1
$4,515.2
$4,515.2
$10,389.6
$10,389.6
$8,114.7
$8,114.7
$6,930.4
$6,930.4
$1,461.6
$1,461.6
$6,396.5
$6,396.5
$6,492.1
$6,492.1
$10,177.0
$10,177.0
$2,560.6
$2,560.6
$7,083.3
$7,083.3
$1,460.1
$1,460.1
$7,870.2
$7,870.2
$5,033.4
$500.0
$5,533.4
$10,204.8
$10,204.8
$2.490.5
$2,490.5
$7,111.2
$7,111.2
$1,540.5
$1,540.5
$8,335.6
$8,335.6
$6,661.0
$500.0
$7,161.0
$11,757.8
$11,757.8
$2,886.8
$2,886.8
$8,094.8
$8,094.8
$80.4
$80.4
$465.4
$465.4
$1,627.6
$1,627.6
$1,553.0
$1,553.0
$396.3
$396.3
$983.6
$983.6
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Administration & Resources Management
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Information Systems &
Services
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$8,867.0 $8,776.3 $8,993.7 $10,118.1 $1,124.4
$999.2 $1,000.0 $.8
TOTAL $8,867.0 $8,776.3 $9,992.9 $11,118.1 $1,125.2
Office of Human .
Resources Management
Salaries & Expenses $1,897.1 $7,586.3 $8,005.5 $9,403.3 $1,397.8
TOTAL $1,897.1 $7,586.3 $8,005.5 $9,403.3 $1,397.8
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$49,661.0 $50,533.7 $51,169.4 $58,797.9 $7,628.5
$1,499.2 $1,500.0 $.8
Office of
Administration &
Resources Management TOTAL $49,661.0 $50,533.7 $52,668.6 $60,297.9 $7,629.3
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Program Management -
Administration
Financial Management
Headquarters
Office of the
Comptroller
Contracts and Grants
Management
Organization and Health
Services
Office of Human
Resources Management
20.8
127.3
70.1
218.5
161.3
27.2
24.0
135.0
70.0
222.1
44.0
148.7
24.0
134.6
83.7
221.1
43.1
154.7
24.8
139.9
84.4
239.3
46.1
177.6
.8
5.3
.7
18.2
3.0
22.9
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Administration & Resources Management
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
Facilities & Management
Services
Information Systems &
Services
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
159.5
141.8
926.5
168.9
146.9
168.9
151.3
175.9
164.1
959.6 981.4 1,052.1
7.0
12.8
70.7
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Program Management -
Administration
Financial Management
Headquarters
Office of the
Comptroller
Contracts and Grants
Management
Organization and Health
Services
Facilities & Management
Services
Information Systems &
Services
Office of Human
Resources Management
TOTAL WORKYEARS
25.3
131.8
73.8
226.1
180.6
169.3
149.6
27.8
984.3
24.8
140.3
72.0
226.3
47.0
175.9
151.7
161.6
24.8
139.9
85.7
225.3
46.1
175.9
156.1
167.6
24.8
139.9
84.4
239.3
46.1
175.9
164.1
177.6
-1.3
14.0
999.6 1,021.4 1,052.1
8.0
10.0
30.7
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of Administration and Resources Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $238,370,100 supported by 1,052.1 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $34,651,000 and 30.7 total workyears from
1989. Of the request, $236,870,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,500,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation of $34,650,200 and an increase of $800 in the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - ADMINISTRATION . •
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,540,500 supported by 24.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $80,400 and no change in total
workyears from 1989. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and support costs. In 1990, the office will continue to provide
guidance and direction as well as program and administrative support for OARM,
direct and manage OARM's resources, administer and report on OARM's portions of
the Administrator's Action Tracking System and the Strategic Planning and
Management System, and conduct strategies to enhance the efficiency and
effectiveness of the Agency. This office will also coordinate and consolidate
OARM's internal control reporting, ensure compliance with the' Freedom of
Information Act and Agency audit recommendations, and oversee OARM information
management needs.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,460,100 supported by 24.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. These resources are used for overall policy direction
and guidance to the Agency's management programs, budget development and
execution, review of organization and consolidation issues, continued
strengthening of EPA's financial, budgetary, contracts, and information
resources management programs, as well as initiation of management
effectiveness strategies within the Agency.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $1,380,900 supported by 25.3
total workyears for this program all of which was from the Salaries and
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Expenses appropriation. These resources were used to provide office-wide
management and policy direction, manage the development and execution of OARM's
budget, provide Action Tracking and Strategic Planning and Management reports,
coordinate internal control reporting and responses to Freedom of Information
Act requests, and conduct special analyses and projects on Agencywide
management issues. . . .
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,335,600 supported by 139.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $465,400 and no change in total
workyears from 1989. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and support costs. The Office's major priority for 1990 is to
implement and integrate administrative systems in support of OMB Circular A-
127. The installation will require additional data analysis, module testing,
and policies and procedures; contract management support; and training of
Headquarters and regional staff. Other initiatives include: (1) Strengthening
the integrity of basic operations by supporting initiatives that improve the
delivery of financial services to clients and implement strong quality
assurance for all functions and locations; (2) Improving analytic and reporting
capabilities by developing a program directed at improving financial data
analysis and enhancing reporting capabilities; and (3) Maintaining a long range
strategic planning program to enable the Division to identify future objectives
and achieve them in a planned and logical manner. This request will also allow
Headquarters, Cincinnati, Las Vegas and Research and Triangle Park offices to
provide necessary financial accounting and fiscal services.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,870,200 supported by 139.9
total, workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. These resources provide a full array of financial
services to EPA managers, including: payroll, accounting, debt collection,
accounts payable and policy guidance. This program also manages the Agency's
Financial Management System. The 1989 program emphasis is on implementing the
Office of Management and Budget's Circular A-127 requirements, implementing
Section 4 of the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act of 1982, increasing
the timeliness of payments processed as required by the Prompt Payment Act,
exploring further cash management initiatives, and bringing the Financial
Management System into full compliance, with General Accounting Office
standards.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $7,566,100 supported by 131.8
total workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
With these resources, the Agency improved the financial services provided by
Headquarters and Research Triangle Park financial operations, developed
standard quality assurance programs for the Agency, developed a long-term
planning process for the Financial Management System, completed a Comptroller
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Directives System for consolidation of all financial policies and procedures,
and transferred the software programs to operate the Financial Management
System to the National Computer Center.
OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,161,000 supported by 84.4 total
workyears for this program. Of the request, $6,661,000 will be for the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $500,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,627,600 and
decrease of 1.3 total workyears in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
no change in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation from 1989.
The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support
costs. The decrease in workyears reflects a shift in emphasis in the fees
initiative to a more decentralized approach. We will continue implementation
of OMB Circular A-127, a major initiative which will integrate and improve the
Agency's financial management systems, support of the Agency's Public-.Private
Partnership efforts and an enhanced level of support for the Agency's
productivity activities.
These resources will provide the Office of the Comptroller with the
capabilities to perform all mandatory activities associated with OMB and
Congressional budget submissions for 1991 and 1992, provide budget analyses and
reports to Agency program offices through the Resource Planning and Budgeting
System, and maintain an allocation, control and review system for all workyear
and financial resources. The office will continue its focus on maintaining of
EPA's Productivity Improvement Program, which will reduce costs and enhance
program effectiveness across the Agency. The Comptroller will also continue to
implement the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act, and implement OMB
Circular A-76.
1989 Program .
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,533,400 supported by 85.7
total workyears for this program, of which $5,033,400 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $500,000 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. With these resources the Office of the Comptroller
prepares the 1990 budget request, develops current and outyear budget guidance
to program and Regional offices, analyzes budget issues, develops and
implements Agency budget policy, and administers and provides policy guidance
to EPA managers on a range of fiscal concerns.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $4,515,200 supported by 73.8
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. With these resources, this program managed the
development of the 1989 Operating Plans, provided budget and policy guidance to
Program and Regional offices for the 1990 budget request, performed oversight
of audit resolution and follow-up, implemented the Federal Managers' Financial
Integrity Act, and continued EPA's Productivity Improvement Program.
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CONTRACTS AND GRANTS MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,757,800 supported by 239.3 total work-
years for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,553,000 and an increase of
14.0 total workyears from 1989. The increase in workyears will fund contract
placement and management support for the RCRA program. In the contracts area,
the request will enable the Agency to process and award new contracts and
purchase orders, manage and close out existing contracts, evaluate contractor
cost proposals, process contract terminations and claims, and provide technical
review, policy compliance, and administrative oversight and management to the
three procurement operations in Headquarters, Cincinnati, and Research Triangle
Park (RTF). In the grants area, these funds will allow the Agency to develop
and interpret policy and procedural guidance for Agencywide assistance
programs, award and administer Headquarters grants and loans, cooperative
agreements, and interagency agreements, provide outreach to the regions, states
and federal assistance recipients, continue to modify, update, and simplify our
assistance regulations, continue inhouse audit and cost analyses, increase our
noncompliance efforts against program participants who abuse the privilege of
Federal assistance, implement the Federal Technology Transfer Act, and enhance
the role of the Agency's Grants Information System Management Council.
1989 Program ' .
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,204,800 supported by
225.3 total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. These resources are being used to perform a full ranged
of grants and contract activities including awarding and managing contracts,
grants, loans, purchase orders, and interagency agreements. This also includes
negotiating indirect cost rates, processing terminations and claims, managing
procurement operations at Headquarters, Cincinnati and RTP, developing suspens-
ion and debarment cases under the EPA assistance and procurement program,
addressing policy development, internal review and systems management issues in
both contracts and grants areas, implementing new State Revolving Fund policy,
implementing a new automated assistance document system, and providing project
and contracting officer training.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency allocated a total of $10,389,600 supported by 226.1
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expen-
ses appropriation. The major accomplishments in this program area included
increased emphasis on contract management, continued implementation of the
Federal Acquisition Regulation, improvement of the contract planning system and
automated procurement and grants document systems, issuance of additional
awards for the Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Program, and development of a
Grants Information System Management Council. We also published the final rule
of a government-wide debarment and suspension regulation, took noncompliance
actions and recovered Federal funds from program participants who abused the
privileges of Federal assistance, and developed and issued policy and guidance
for the State Revolving Fund.
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ORGANIZATION AND HEALTH SERVICES
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,886,800 supported by 46.1 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $396,300 and no change in total
workyears from 1989. The increase in the Salaries and Expenses reflects
increased personnel and support costs. In addition, we will expand our efforts
to ensure that Agency organizations, management systems and processes are as
efficient and effective as possible by conducting management and organization
analytical studies; overseeing the Agency's Directives system; managing the
development and review of Agencywide delegations of authority and
reorganizations; managing the Agency's public advisory committees;
administering management support contracts; and providing technical assistance
on management and organization issues. The Agency will continue to coordinate
the management of the planning, design, construction and move process for a new
consolidated Agency Headquarters and focus on construction planning and
coordination. Particular emphasis will be placed on oversight of
interior/exterior design. Our environmental compliance program will continue to
perform audits and provide technical assistance and training to Agency
laboratories. Waste minimization will be a new area receiving emphasis. Our
health and safety program will continue to monitor Agency workspace for safe
and healthful working conditions and provide technical assistance and training.
1989 Program
In 1989 the Agency is allocating a total of $2,490,500 supported by 46.1
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. These resources provide high quality management
assistance to all Agency organizations. We will design an automated Agency
reference system to provide current information essential to the Agency's
evolving mission. Management assistance will enable the Agency to respond to
complex environmental issues such as source reduction, technology transfer, and
alternative financing mechanisms. Delegations of authority and organizational
analyses will strive towards strengthening management processes and
streamlining organizations. Planning for the new Headquarters facility will
involve identification and selection of a developer who best meets the Agency's
functional requirements and refinement of specific design characteristics. An
environmental compliance manual and model program will be established for
Agency laboratories. Environmental compliance audits will focus on Agency
laboratories with prior problems. Our health and safety program will
concentrate on improving the indoor air quality of our facilities, implementing
and monitoring asbestos operations and maintenance programs, and reviewing the
drinking water in our facilities to ensure safe levels of lead.
1988 Accomplishments .
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $8,114,700 supported by 180.6
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. A comprehensive review of EPA's organizational
history, legislative responsibilities, and priorities was prepared to
facilitate the management transition to the incoming Administration.
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Management and contract assistance resulted in a series of organizational and
management improvements for Agency responsibilities required by current and new
environmental legislation. Additionally, technical support resulted in the
establishment of the National Advisory Council for Environmental Technology
Transfer. The planning process for the new Headquarters facility involved
establishment of detailed technical requirements, and compilation of sitei
analysis information. Environmental compliance program evaluation, training and
technical support was provided to our laboratories, and Agency health and
safety programs were reviewed. A health and safety model and asbestos operation
and maintenance plans were also developed. The Agency also simplified its
workforce planning methodology and accepted some delegated authority and
implemented employment flexibility to streamline the employment process. The
Agency implemented a comprehensive program to provide continuous assistance on
the Federal Employee Retirement Systems (FERS) and Civil Service Retirement
Systems Programs, and consolidated direct contact personnel services for
Headquarters employees in a one-stop Human Resources Service Center. Resources
supported improvement and utilization of personnel data information systems and
provided continuing support to meet the Agency's special recruitment needs.
FACILITIES AND MANAGEMENT SERVICES
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,094,800 supported by 175.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $983,600 and no change in total
workyears from 1989. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and support costs. With these resources the Agency will administer
the Nationwide Support, Headquarters Support, and Buildings and Facilities
budgets, provide operational support and housekeeping services, and monitor and
direct contractor resources under support contracts.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,111,200 supported by 175.9
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. These funds are being used to provide timely, high
quality and cost effective facilities management and support services for EPA
facilities in Washington, Research Triangle Park (RTP), North Carolina and
Cincinnati, Ohio. These resources provide ongoing services in the areas of
property and space management, building operational services, office support
services, real estate and lease enforcement support, transportation management,
printing and publication operations, security services, and facilities design
and construction management.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $6,930,400 supported by 169.3
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. With these resources the Agency provided responsive
facilities management services to EPA facilities in Washington, RTP and
Cincinnati, established better administrative controls over property
management, and effectively managed space needs. We also initiated planning
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for the new Headquarters facility, improved ventilation throughout Waterside
Mall and provided effective security services. In addition, 165 acres of land
were acquired at Edison, New Jersey to support research activities. This
program supervised the design and construction of a new water quality
monitoring field station in Newport, Oregon; the design of the clinical inhala-
tion research lab in Chapel Hill, North Carolina; the construction of the
radiation laboratory in Montgomery, Alabama; and the construction of the
hazardous waste containment laboratory in Cincinnati, Ohio.
INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND SERVICES
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,118,100 supported by 164.1 total
workyears for this program.Of the request, $10,118,100 will be for the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $1,000,000 will be for the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation of $1,124,400 and 8.0 total workyears and an increase of
$800 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation from 1989. The
increase will provide for increased operating costs and increased efforts in
working with States to effectively use the national data systems. The
requested resources will enable the Agency to maintain current, centrally
administered information systems and services in support of EPA programs and
the public. This program provides the personnel to manage the Agency's central
and distributed computing and data transmission network, its major
administrative and programmatic data systems, and library services. In
addition, these resources will permit the Agency to continue to strengthen
information resources management including long and short-range Automated Data
Processing (ADP) planning, ADP security, records management, software and data
standards, internal controls on information resources,and systems
modernization. Technical support is provided for the Regional ADP
Modernization effort and emphasis is placed on improving data sharing with
State environmental agencies. This program also supports Title III efforts by
designing and implementing Title III reporting requirements;
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,992,900 supported by 156.1
total workyears for this program, of which $8,993,700 and 156.1 is from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $999,200 is from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation. Continued efforts will be devoted to improved
information systems planning by EPA programs, strengthening information
security, and implementing the Integrated Financial Management System. Major
progress was made to integrate State/ EPA data systems and improve the exchange
of environmental data. All the states became involved in this effort through
direct telecommunications link-up to the Agency's national data bases. This
program also provided the requirements analysis, design, development and
implementation of information systems to track emergency plans and
notifications, support of the Toxic Release Inventory and the establishment of
a national clearinghouse on material safety data sheets.
1988 Accomplishments
11-60
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In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $8,256,100 supported by 147.5
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. During 1988, EPA continued to update its accounting
systems in response to the General Accounting Office (GAO) requirements, and
continued support of the regional ADP modernization program. Significant
progress was made in the internal information security program and in the|
establishment of internal information management policy guidelines. Phase I of
our State/EPA data management program data sharing was successfully implemented
in over thirty states. Data integration efforts began in many of the Regions
and participating States. This program also supported requirements analysis of
information systems to support Title III.
HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT '
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,403,300 supported by 177.6 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,397,800 and 10.0 total
workyears from 1989. The increase supports expansion of the Technology
Transfer Program to States, local and tribal governments, managerial and
executive development, and increased delegated examining authority for key
employee groups and high priority occupations. This program will continue to
perform client oriented personnel services and direction in the areas of
recruitment, position management, classification, performance management, pay
administration, personnel and payroll processing, labor management and employee
relations, personnel information system management, Equal Employment
Opportunity, and technical assistance and advisory services. It is also
charged with expanding and institutionalizing the Human Resources initiatives
begun during the last several years. These include: extension of the EPA
Institute, creation and delivery of programs dealing with important workplace
issues (e.g. AIDS, substance abuse), expansion of workforce planning and
organizational programs, streamlining and simplifying employment and position
classification programs, and the development and implementation of executive
and management development programs as well as developmental and intern
programs for critical occupations.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,005,500 supported by 167.6
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. These resources will provide professional and
administrative recruitment services, selection and.placement of new employees,
centralized examination and referral services, position management,
classification and job analysis, advice to management on labor management and
employee relations, employee and management development services, and personnel
and payroll processing. Policy guidance and national support will be provided
to the Agency. These resources will allow for maintenance of personnel data and
information systems. Among the Human Resources initiatives to be introduced in
1989 are the broad use of the EPA Institute to transfer technology to State,
local and tribal governments and the implementation of an automated catalogue
of all EPA taught courses nationwide. The Agency will also establish its own
Intern Program, expand management courses to include a "Core Course for
11-61
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Executives" and enhance supplemental managerial development programs. In
addition, EPA will field a substance abuse training program, expand
organizational development support.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $1,897,100 supported by 27.8 total
workyears for the program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Agency implemented and expanded key Human Resources
initiatives. Among those initiatives was the expansion of the EPA Institute to
regional and field locations, development of pre-supervisory training and
expansion of managerial courses. The Agency also simplified its workforce
planning methodology and accepted some delegated authority and implemented
employment flexibility to streamline the employment process. The Agency
implemented a comprehensive program to provide continuous assistance on the
FERS and Civil Service Retirement System Programs, and consolidated direct
contact personnel services for Headquarters employees in a one-stop Human
Resources Service Center. Resources supported improvement and utilization of
personnel data information systems and provided continuing support to meet the
Agency's special recruitment needs.
11-62
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Regional
Management
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT 11-1
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management 11-63
Resource Management - Regions. . 11-66
Financial Management - Regions . 11-66
Personnel Management - Regions . 11-67
Administrative Management - Regions 11-68
Regional Management 11-68
Regional Counsel 11-69
Planning, Evaluation and Analysis - Regions. 11-70
-------
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management
ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
(DOLLARS
PROGRAM
Resource Management -
Regions
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Financial Management -
Regions
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Personnel Management -
Regions
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Administrative
Management - Regions
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Regional Management
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Regional Counsel
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Planning, Evaluation &
Analysis - Regions
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
$1
$1
$3
$3
$3
$3
$6
$6
$11
$11
$4
$4
$2
. $2
, 589 .
,589.
,034.
,034.
,756.
,756.
,434.
,434.
,316.
,316.
,029.
,029.
,853.
,853.
2
2
8
8
0
0
4
4
3
3
9
9
6
6
$1,
$1,
$2,
$2,
$3,
$3,
$6,
$6,
$10,
$10,
$4,
$4.
$3,
$3,
607.1
607.1
995.5
995.5
650.8
650.8
301.4
301.4
619.4
619.4
021.1
021.1
654.7
654.7
$1
$1
$2
$2
$3
$3
$6
$6
$11
$11
$3
$3
$3
$3
REQUEST
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
IN THOUSANDS)
,742.5
,742.5
,990.7
,990.7
,648.1
,648.1
,849.4
,849.4
,019.6
,019.6
,981.4
,981.4
,713.7
,713.7
$1
$1
$3
$3
$3
$3
$7
$7
$11
$11
$4
$4
$4
$4
,829.6
,829.6
,140.2
,140.2
,830.5
,830.5
,216.4
.216.4
,357.2
,357.2
,260.0
,260.0
,091.5
,091.5
$87
$87
$149
$149
$182
$182
$367
$367
$337
$337
$278
$278
$377
$377
.1
.1
.5
.5
.4
.4
.0
.0
.6
.6
.6
.6
.8
.8
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $33,014.2 $32,850.0 $33,945.4 $35,725.4 $1,780.0
Regional Management TOTAL $33,014.2 $32,850.0 $33,945.4 . $35,725.4 $1,780.0
11-63
-------
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Resource Management -
Regions
Financial Management -
Regions
Personnel Management -
Regions
Administrative
Management - Regions
Regional Management
Regional Counsel
Planning, Evaluation &
Analysis - Regions
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Resource Management -
Regions
Financial Management -
Regions
Personnel Management -
Regions
Administrative
Management - P-.egions
Regional Management
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
36.1 37.1 37.0 40.8 3.8
86.7 84.7 84.5 89.5 5.0
89.1 84.6 84.6 93.0 8.4
151.3 161.3 176.3 188.8 12.5
189.1 172.3 172.5 187.0 14.5
73.5 76.8 76.3 83.0 6.7
57.7 86.1 87.1 90.9 3.8
683.5 702.9 718,3 773.0 54.7
41.3 41.0 40.8 40.8
92.7 89.7 89.5 89,5
103.7 93.0 93.0 93.0
178.5 171.8 186.8 188.8 2.0
214.1 186.8 187.0 187.0
11-64
-------
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Regional Counsel 83.4 82.5 82.0 83.0 1.0
Planning, Evaluation & , 67.9 90.1 90.9 90.9 ^
Analysis - Regions
TOTAL WORKYEARS 781.6 754.9 770.0 773.0 3.0
11-65
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Regional Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $35,725,400 supported by 773.0 total
workyears for 1990, this is an increase of $1,780,000 and 3 workyears
from 1989. All of the request is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS .
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,829,600 supported by 40.8 total
workyears, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $87,100 and no change in total workyears from
1989. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and
support costs. This level of funding supports Regional resource management and
control activities, including budget and operating plan development and
workload analysis. In addition, these resources will allow the Regional
offices to continue implementing the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act
and further strengthen funds control.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,742,500 supported by 40.8
total workyears' for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. These resources are being used to conduct budgeting
and resource analysis functions in the ten Regional offices.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $1,589,200 supported by 41.3
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. These resources allowed Regional Administrators to
effectively and efficiently manage their resources and operating plan
processes.
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,140,200 supported by 89.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $149,500 and no change in
workyears from 1989. The increase in Salaries and Expenses provide the
capability . to continue conducting internal control reviews as required by the
Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act of 1982 as well as Cash Management
Reviews mandated by the Deficit Reduction Act of 1984. The acquisition of
micro computers will provide the staff with the necessary tools to develop
automated improvements to recurring operations. This level of funding will
11-66
-------
allow the financial management offices to provide basic financial services and
maintain ongoing financial management functions. The financial management
offices will continue to provide accounting, payment processing, billings and
collections for grants, travel, payroll, contracts, purchase orders, and all
other financial transactions as well as payroll support and general ledger
activities.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,990,700 supported by 89.5
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. These resources are being used to provide the Regions
with accounting, payment processing, payroll support, financial reporting
services, and comprehensive financial management.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $3,034,800 supported by 92.7
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. With these resources, the Financial Management Offices
provided accounting, payment processing, payroll support,' financial reporting
services, and comprehensive financial management.
PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT - REGIONS .
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,830,500 supported by 93.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses|
appropriation. This represents an increase of $182,400. and no change in total
workyears from 1989.' The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and staff costs. The resources will allow Regional personnel offices
to meet basic regulatory requirements and maintain current service levels.
These services include processing recruitment and classification actions,
entering data and updates to the Agency's payroll system, providing advisory
services and reorganization reviews, administering the grievance system,
negotiating with unions, and managing the Performance Management and
Recognition System.
/
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,648,100 supported by 93.0
total workyears to this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources are being used to formalize local human
resources management programs, provide for recruitment, staffing, and
classification actions, conduct position management and pay administration,
process personnel and payroll transactions, administer grievance system and
disciplinary action procedures, provide employment development and training,
consult and negotiate with local unions, conduct special. studies, and advise
Regional managers on the above functions.
11-67
-------
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $3,756,000 supported by 103.7
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. With these resources, the Regional personnel offices
provided ongoing personnel services to support the accomplishment of the
Regions' program operations and goals, provided better training programs for
Regional employees, and initiated human resources management programs.
ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,216,400 supported by 188.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $367,000 and 2.0 total workyears
from 1989. These resources will allow the Regions to provide administrative
management services that include maintaining administrative information systems
and minicomputer operations, ensuring ADP operations support for Regional
programs, managing word processing equipment and ADP systems acquisition, and
coordinating Regional records management. Development of State data management
plans to ensure efficient and reliable methods of State/EPA data sharing will
receive priority attention. In addition, this program will continue to direct
contracting and purchasing activities, ensure the safety and security of
Regional personnel, manage property and supplies, provide general office
services, and provide program management for all support services.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,849,400 supported by 186.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. These resources are being used to provide the Regions
with administrative management activities in the areas of information
management, small purchases and procurements, health and safety, and facilities
support. This program will continue to improve methods for EPA and States to
share, environmental data.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $6,434,400 supported by 178.5
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. With these resources, the Regions provided
administrative management services as well as implementation of information
management plans to increase use of personal computers and integrate electronic
telecommunications lines to achieve cost savings and productivity gains..
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT . .
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,357,200 supported by 187.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $337,600 and no additional
workyears from 1989. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and support costs. The budget request will enable the Regional
offices to continue to shape and articulate policy for State and local
11-68
-------
governments; respond to inquiries from Congress, the news media and the public;
establish regular communications with public interest, environmental and
business groups; and maintain an effective Equal Employment Opportunity
program. In 1990, regional management emphasis will be put on information
coordination and dissemination of the increasing number of information requests
including Freedom of Information requests, which are increasing by|
approximately 20 percent per year.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $11,019,600 and 187.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. Basic press services and media relations activities
are being maintained as well as policy guidance and executive direction for
the Region as a whole. The program will continue the processing of Freedom of
Information (FOI) requests, issuing critical news releases, maintaining a
Regional Equal Employment Opportunity program, responding to Congressional
inquiries, and coordinating EPA involvement in major State environmental
issues. °
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated $11,316,300 and 214.1 total workyears for
this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This program provided support for the Regional Administrators and their
immediate staffs, as well as for the basic staff functions of public affairs,
Congressional and intergovernmental activities, and the equal employment
opportunity function.
REGIONAL COUNSEL .
1990"Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,260,000 supported by 83.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $278,600 and an increase of 1.0
total workyears from 1989. The increase will provide for additional legal
support to Regional Clean Air Act activities, and for increased personnel and
support costs. .
The Offices of Regional Counsel (ORC) will continue to handle defensive
litigation involving principally Regional issues. They will provide advice and
counsel to Regional programs; review Regional rulemaking actions; assist states
by reviewing State program delegations and advising State agencies on obtaining
adequate legal authorities; and support Agency contract and assistance programs
through resolution of grant appeals, bid protests, and debarment and suspension
actions.
1989 Program .
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,981,400 supported by 82.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. The ORCs handle defensive litigation involving
principally Regional issues. They provide advice and counsel to Regional
programs; review Regional rulemaking actions; and assist States by reviewing.
State program delegations and advising State agencies on obtaining adequate
legal authorities. Additionally, the ORCs continue to support Agency
11-69
-------
assistance and procurement programs through resolution of grant appeals, bid
protests, and debarment and suspension actions.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $4,029,900 supported by 83.4
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. In 1988, the ORCs supported Agency priorities by
providing legal advice and support to Regional managers and defending the
Agency in litigation. They also advised on actions such as grants, contracts,
and personnel actions. Additionally, the ORCs activities including advising
State agencies on the legal requirements for assuming environmental protection
programs, assisting in drafting appropriate regulatory language, and helping to
negotiate and document the terms of delegation agreements.
PLANNING. EVALUATION. AND ANALYSIS - REGIONS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,091,500 supported by 90.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $377,800 and no change in total
workyears from 1989. The increase Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and support costs.
The ten Regions will carry out essential Regional planning, evaluation and
analysis activities including planning and accountability; environmental
management and reporting; regulatory review and analysis; program evaluation;
management systems analysis; and risk assessment, management and communication
which focuses on developing and implementing comprehensive Regional risk
reduction strategies to establish the necessary institutional framework for
addressing risk in the field. Region 7 also will conduct State/EPA data
management activities. In addition, these resources will provide four to five
Regions with the staff needed to perform activities related to cross-media
pollution prevention. Products will include implementation of Regional
pollution prevention plans; integration of pollution prevention and source
reduction approaches in site-specific decisionmaking; sponsoring training and
education events for State and local governments, industry and citizen groups;
and supporting multi-State, Regional councils, established specifically to deal
with pollution prevention and source reduction initiatives.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,713,700 supported by 90.9
total workyears for this, program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation.
These resources are providing the ten Regional Administrators with the
staff needed to perform essential planning, evaluation, and analysis
activities. In addition, each Region continues to develop an overall strategy
for improving the use of risk analysis in its decisionmaking by continuing to
work with the Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation (OPPE) in building
priority-setting and planning processes and in improving the ability to set
priorities based on risk reduction; increasing the scientific and technical
risk capability in each Region; initiating programs to facilitate information
exchange among State environmental agencies on new technical and management
applications; developing new methods to explain environmental risks to the
11-70
-------
public; and identifying specific training needs and sponsoring classes for
employees in risk-related techniques. Region 7 also is using resources for
State/EPA data management activities. Additionally, three or four Regions are
establishing Regional pollution prevention demonstration programs. These
cross-media programs support work at the state level by providing technical
assistance, training opportunities and support to Regional, multi-Statel
advisory councils. Several Regions are sponsoring projects which are targeting
pollution prevention opportunities for key industrial facilities in sensitive
environmental areas, and another of the demonstration Regions is integrating
pollution prevention approaches into their enforcement priority-setting
efforts. Evaluations of these efforts will be available early in 1990.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $2,853,600 supported by 67.9
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation.
Necessary planning, evaluation and analysis functions included the
development of two pilot projects for managing for environmental results;
assessment of the Mining Wastes and Denver Air Toxics Action Plans;
identification of overlapping areas of statutory regulations which effect
inter-media program efforts and coordination; evaluation of enforcement
agreement implementation; and examination of State environmental agencies'
funding arid staffing. Three Regions participated in OPPE's Regional integrated
environmental management projects. All Regions devoted additional resources to
beginning the development of comprehensive Regional risk reduction strategies
to establish the necessary institutional framework for addressing risk
assessment, management, and communication. First steps involved examining the
Regions' priority-setting process, developing a more objective means of setting
priorities (including use of Geographic Information System technologies) andl
establishing a process for increased Regional participation in developing
Agency priorities and assessing Regional risk reduction efforts.
11-71
-------
Support
Costs
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT 11-1
SUPPORT COSTS
Support Costs 11-72
Professional Training 11-73
Nationwide Support Services 11-74
Headquarters Support Services IT-74
Regional Support Services 11-75
Automated'Data Processing Support Costs. 11-76
Lab Support - Research and Development 11-77
Lab Support - Air and Radiation. 11-77
Lab Support - Pesticides and Toxic Substances . . . . 11-78
-------
SUPPORT COSTS
Support Costs
ACTUAL .
1988
Professional Training
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Nationwide Support
Services
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Headquarters Support
Services
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
i •
Regional Support
Services
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Automated Data
Processing Support
Costs
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Lab Support-Research &
Development .
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Lab Support - Air And
Radiation
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Lab Support -
Pesticides & Toxic
Substances
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
$69
$69
$34
$34
$28
$28
$33
$33
$6
$6
$1
$1
$487
$487
,462
.462
.809
,809
.129
.129
,880
,880
.281
,281
,747
,747
$204
$204
.2
.2
.4
.4
.9
.9
.9
.9
.8
.8
.6
.6
.4
.4
.6
.6
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST
1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$520.4 $515,9 $600
$520.4 $515.9 $600
$76,236
$76,236
$40,773
$40,773
$32,028
$32,028
$33,625
$33,625
$7,798
$7,798
'$1,853
$1,853
$451
$451
.5
.5
.1
.1
.9
.9
.0
.0
.4
.4
.2
.2
.4
.4
$76.468
$76,468
$39,491
$39,491
$31.632
$31,632
$34,575
$34,575
$7,450
$7,450
$1,853
$1,853
$451
$451
.3
.3
.3
.3
.6
.6
.0
.0
.3
.3
.2
.2
.4
.4
$82,328
$82,328
$48.923
$48,923
$37,282
$37,282
$46,220
$46,220
$8,188
$8,188
$1,953
$1.953
$474
$474
.0
.0
.0
.0
.7
.7
.6
.6
.5
.5
.3
.3
.2
.2
.0
.0 .
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
$84
$84
$5,859
$5,859
$9,432
$9,432
$5,650
$5,650
$11,645
$11,645
$738
$738
$100
$100
$22
$22
.1
.1
.7
.7
.4
.4
.0
.0
.5
.5
.0
.0
.0
.0
.6
.6
Salaries & Expenses
Support Costs
$175,003.8 $193,286.9 $192,438.0 $225,970.3 $33,532.3
TOTAL $175,428.5 $193,286.9 $192,438.0 $225,970.3 $33,532.3
11-72
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Support Costs
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $225,970,300 for 1990, an increase of
$33,532,300 from 1989. All of the request is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
PROFESSIONAL TRAINING
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $600,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an
increase of $84,100 from 1989. The increase will enhance current training and
development programs as well as support human resources management initiatives
especially in the areas of expanding technology transfer to state, local and
tribal governments. The Agency will continue to offer training and development
to managers and support staff. Scientific and technical courses will be
developed. The EPA Institute will add to its current offerings. Career
development activities will be enhanced in order to help employees develop and
maintain needed skills.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $515,900 for this program,
all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds are
being used to develop and deliver a widening variety of training opportunities
through the EPA Institute and will increase the number of employees trained to
conduct these courses. Institute courses Agencywide will be consolidated into
an automated course catalogue. The Agency will emphasize Regional Institute
activities, especially those involving transfer of technology to states and
tribal communities. EPA will continue to conduct supervisory and managerial
training courses including "Framework for Supervision", "Keys to Managerial
Excellence", and "Managing for Results" and will introduce "A Core Course for
Executives". In addition, it will develop programs to augment these core
managerial courses. Career development programs will be supported which
increase the cross-agency and cross-media experience of employees and managers,
and improve their ability to address complex environmental problems. Current
activities of the Senior Executive Service (SES) Candidate Development Program,
the Presidential Management Intern Program and the" Greater Leadership
Opportunities Program will be maintained. The Agency will continue to support
the career advisory committees and the Human Resources Council.
11-73
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1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $487,200 for this program, all of
which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds were
utilized to provide training in the areas of supervisory management, executive
development, clerical skills, and technical and scientific development. EPA
Institute operations were expanded to regions and field locations. The Agency
developed a pre-supervisory training program as well as the Greater Leadership
Opportunities Program (GLO), a program targeted at helping women and minorities
to advance.
NATIONWIDE SUPPORT SERVICES
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $82,328,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an
increase of $5,859,700 from 1989. The increase will cover additional space
rental and FTS rate increases as well as cost escalations to service contracts.
These funds -will pay for Agencywide support costs including space rental, Ann
Arbor laboratory lease-purchase agreement, postage, FTS and telecommunications
costs, national security, Code of Federal Regulations typesetting, unemployment
compensation, workmen's compensation, health and safety studies, and personnel
support for Public Health Service commissioned officers. The request also
reflects the transfer of $1,675,000 for basic Nationwide Support services to
the Inspector General Appropriation to implement the new Inspector General Act
Amendments of 1988.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $76,468,300 for this program,
all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources
are being used by the Agency to provide efficient nationwide services to the
Agency workforce.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $69,462,400 for this program, all
of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources
allowed the Agency to pursue several nationwide support efforts in the areas of
space planning, telecommunications, information security, and personal property
management.
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT SERVICES
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $48,923,700 for this program, all of which
will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an
increase of $9,432,400 from 1989. The increase will provide for cost increases
for utilities and cost escalations to service contracts, as well as cover
anticipated utility rate increases. It will also support information management
11-74
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services and provide ADP technical support for the State/EPA Data Management
Program, the Integrated Financial Management System, administrative systems,
systems modernization and records management. These resources will provide
space planning and coordination services for the new Headquarters facility.
These resources will also provide ongoing Headquarters Support services
including motor pool, printing and copying, telephones, utilities, facilities
operations and maintenance, and ADP technical support to EPA operations in
Washington, Research Triangle Park (RTP), North Carolina, and Cincinnati, Ohio.
This request also reflects the transfer of $609,200 for basic Headquarters
Support services to the Inspector General Appropriation to implement the IG Act
Amendments of 1988.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $39,491,300 for this program,
all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources
are being used to provide ongoing office, building, and information management
services to EPA operations in Washington, RTP, and Cincinnati. With this
funding level the Agency will provide critical ongoing services necessary to
operate and manage EPA facilities, office supply/support services, and
management information systems. Additionally, the Agency will continue to
carry-out its operating plans for delegation of authority for lease
enforcement/building operations at headquarters facilities, and will continue
to refine procedures for property management/inventory control. We will
continue to plan for the new Headquarters facility and focus on refinement of
design characteristics.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $34,809,900 for this program, all
of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources
provided basic Headquarters Support services to EPA operations in Washington,
RTP, and Cincinnati. In addition, detailed technical requirements, evaluation
criteria, and site analysis information was performed in preparation for the
new Headquarters facility. ADP support was provided for the first modules of
the Integrated Financial Management System.
REGIONAL SUPPORT SERVICES '
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $37,282,600 for this program, all of which
will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an
increase of $5,650,000 from 1989. The increase will allow for contract and
rate increases in basic operating costs, provide for the purchase of ESD lab
equipment, support Regional moves and the Regional Institutes and provide
support for Financial Management activities. This level of resources will
provide the ten Regional offices with basic support services including printing
and copying, minicomputer operations, utilities, mail, telephone, library
operations, general training, office and laboratory facility maintenance, and
technical support.
11-75
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1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $31,632,600 for this program,
all of which is form the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources)
are being used to provide basic office, building, and information management
services to the Regions.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $28,129,900 for this program, all
of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds
provided ongoing support services in the Regions, including improved property
management and better safety and security for EPA employees. Also, the Regions
continued efforts to increase Regional productivity.
AUTOMATED DATA PROCESSING SUPPORT COSTS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $46,220,500 for this program, all of which
will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an
increase of $11,645,500 from 1989. This increase will enable the Agency to
allow for increased timeshare capacity to meet additional program and
administrative ADP needs. These resources will provide the mainframe computing
capacity, telecommunications network and operations to support the access and
use of environmental and management data. This request also reflects the
transfer of $130,000 for basic ADP support services to the Inspector General
Appropriation to implement the Inspector General Act Amendments of 1988.
1989 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $34,575,000, all of which is from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds are being used to maintain
current computing services in support of all Agency programs, exclusive of
Superfund. The Agency is also completing the replacement of obsolete Regional
computing with modern technology and is beginning to implement a more open
telecommunications architecture centered around current communications
standards.
1988. Accomplishments t
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $33,880,800, all of which was
from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The Agency used these funds to
maintain and operate its mainframe computing systems, continue the replacement
of obsolete minicomputers in the Agency's Regional Offices with modern
processors that are compatible with the Agency's mainframe and
telecommunications architecture, implemented the Agency's short-term
telecommunications strategy which increased bandwidth and improved
concentration of data transmission, began the implementation of its long-term
intelligent workstation program by awarding a master contract for a range of
11-76
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compatible personal computers (PC's) and related support services, and
continued to support modernization of the Agency's laboratory computing
resources.
LAB SUPPORT - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,188,300 all of which will be for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an increase of $738,000
from 1989 to provide for the operating costs for a biotechnology building in
Gulf Breeze, Florida and the Hatfield Marine Science Center in Newport, Oregon.
Funds provide for essential services required to operate and maintain ORD's
seven remote laboratories located in:
• •
o Athens, Georgia
o Ada, Oklahoma
o Corvallis, Oregon
o Duluth, Minnesota
o Narragansett, Rhode Island
o Gulf Breeze, Florida
o Las Vegas, Nevada
Services include, but are not limited to, facilities operation and
maintenance; janitorial and guard services; local telephone services;
utilities; and equipment operations, maintenance and rental costs.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,450,300, all of which is
from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This program provides funds for
the operation and maintenance of ORD's seven remote laboratories.
1988 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated $6,281,600, all of which was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. These funds provided for the operation and maintenance
of remote laboratories.
LAB SUPPORT - AIR AND RADIATION ,
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,953,200 for this program, all of which
is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an increase of
$100,000 from 1989. The increase reflects increased support costs at air and
radiation laboratories. .This program supports the Motor Vehicle Emissions
Laboratory (MVEL) in Ann Arbor, Michigan; the Eastern Environmental Radiation
Facility (EERF) in Montgomery, Alabama; and the Las Vegas radiation facility
(LVF) in Nevada. These funds provide basic operation and maintenance support
11-77
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at these locations. The support provided includes security, janitorial, and
maintenance services; utilities; General Services Administration vehicles;
supplies and materials; and communications.
1989 Proeram
In 1989 the Agency is allocating $1,853,200 to support the three
laboratories, all from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The 1989
program is providing the same types of activities described for 1990: basic
laboratory operations, maintenance, and supplies. These activities are
required on a continuing basis for effective and safe laboratory operation.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of $1,747,400 for this program, all
of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds
provided the basic facilities operations and maintenance costs necessary to
operate the three laboratories.
LAB SUPPORT - PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $474,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an
increase of $22,600, reflecting.increased equipment maintenance costs. These
funds will be used for basic facilities and operation and maintenance costs for
the laboratories in Beltsville, Maryland and Bay St. Louis, Mississippi. These
costs include utilities, security, communications, warehousing, custodialI
services, and building maintenance. These resources will also provide for the
purchase of new laboratory equipment to replace equipment which is obsolete or
no longer cost-effective to repair, and cover increasing maintenance costs for
existing equipment. The increase will also provide for the purchase of
equipment for building analytical capacity for biotechnology and other unique
products which cannot be validated with traditional laboratory instruments.
1989 Program .
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $451,400 for this program,
all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The 1989 program
supports the facilities, operations, and maintenance costs for the laboratories
in Beltsville, Maryland and Bay St. Louis, Mississippi. These costs include
utilities, security, communications, warehousing, custodian services, building
maintenance, purchase of new laboratory equipment to replace equipment which is
obsolete or no longer cost-effective to repair, equipment maintenance, building
biotechnology capacity, and analyzing unique products which cannot be validated
with traditional analytical laboratory instruments.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $204,600 for this program, all of
which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The funds were used to
provide general support and maintenance of the laboratories.
11-78
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12. BUILDING AND
FACILITIES
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES 12-1
Buildings and Facilities. . . ............ 12-3
New Facilities . . 12-4
Repairs and Improvements 12-4
-------
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 . ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION $18,247.1 $8,000.0 $16,514.8 $8,000.0 -$8,514.8
OUTLAYS $9,247.0 $12,929.0 $12,929.0 $18,623.0 $5,694.0
AUTHORIZAITON LEVELS Authorization is by virtue of the Appropriation Act.
12-1
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BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Buildings and Facilities appropriation funds the design, construction,
repair and improvement of buildings occupied by EPA. The Agency currently has
ten Regional offices with associated Regional laboratories, two large research
and development laboratories, a number of field stations with laboratory faci-
lities and a large headquarters complex.
This program provides a safe and healthful work environment for EPA
employees by providing for renovation upgrades, repair or replacement of our
facilities. Major efforts are directed towards implementing intermediate and
long-range plans which assess alternative housing options for EPA operations,
as well as continuing a repair program that protects the investment in EPA's
real property holdings. Resources are also used to upgrade and modify current
facilities to more adequately and efficiently address Agency programs.
Particular emphasis will be placed on environmental compliance efforts in EPA
facilities where modifications are needed to accommodate storage of hazardous
materials, removal of asbestos and PCB's, upgrading fire and life safety
systems, such as installation of sprinkler and detection systems as well as the
removal of Halon systems, and renovating HVAC systems to meet ventilation standards.
12-2
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BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
Buildings and Facilities
ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
New Facilities
Buildings & Facilities
TOTAL
Repairs & Improvements
Buildings & Facilities
TOTAL
$11,752.2
$11,752.2
$6,494.9
$6,494.9
$1,900.0 $10,100.7
$1,900.0 $10,100.7
$6,100.0
$6,100.0
$6,414.1
$6,414.1
$500.0
$500.0
$7,500.0
$7,500.0
•$9,600.7
•$9,600.7
$1,085.9
$1,085'.9
TOTAL:
Buildings & Facilities
$18,247.1 $8,000.0 $16,514.8 $8,000.0 -$8,514.8
12-3
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Buildings and Facilities
Budget Request
The Agency requests $8,000,000 for the Buildings and Facilities appropria-
tion, a decrease of $8,514,800 from 1989.
NEW FACILITIES
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $500,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Building and Facilities appropriation. This represents a decrease
of $9,600,700 from 1989. This request will provide funds to construct daycare
facilities.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating $10,100,700 for this program, all of which
is from the Buildings and Facilities appropriation. These funds are being used
to construct a new water quality monitoring field station in Newport, Oregon;
design and renovate a Superfund Lab in Edison, New Jersey; and substantially
complete the design for a Clinical Inhalation Research Laboratory at Chapel
Hill, North Carolina. These funds will design and construct a biotechnology
lab in Gulf Breeze, Florida; design and renovate a lab to test and evaluate
innovative hazardous waste treatment technologies in Edison, New Jersey;
continue to construct a. radiation lab in Montgomery, Alabama; and support
construction management activities at the Newport, Oregon laboratory.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $11,752,200 for this program, all
of which was carryover from the Buildings and Facilities appropriation. These
funds were used to start construction on a new water quality monitoring field
station in Newport, Oregon, and to design a lab for clinical inhalation
research in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. In addition, work continued on the
Montgomery radiation lab, and construction was completed on the hazardous waste
containment laboratory in Cincinnati, Ohio.
REPAIRS AND IMPROVEMENTS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,500,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Buildings and Facilities appropriation. This represents an
increase of $1,085,900 from 1989. The increase will be used for health and
safety and environmental compliance projects. These funds will provide
planning, engineering design, and construction related to the repair and
improvement of buildings occupied by EPA. More specifically, these funds will
be used to address critical repaj.rs related to employee health and safety (fire
protection installation); environmental compliance efforts in EPA facilities
(asbestos removal and hazardous materials storage); and required alterations
and repairs (electrical distribution, air conditioning, emergency power for
animal facilities).
12-4
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1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,414,100 for this program,
all of which is from the Buildings and Facilities appropriation. These
resources are being utilized primarily to provide facilities maintenance and
repair in an effort to prevent further deterioration of EPA facilities; to
initiate environmental compliance activities such as asbestos and PCB removal;
and to continue health and safety improvements and modifications to facilities
reflecting shifts in program priorities and upgraded space requirements.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $6,494,900, all of which was from
the Buildings and Facilities appropriation. These resources were used to
complete various health and safety and environmental compliance improvements to
protect EPA employees and provide routine and emergency repairs at multiple
sites throughout the nation.
12-5
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13. CONSTRUCTION
GRANTS
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS 13-1
Construction Grants 13-3
-------
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECRESE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION $2,793,098.0 1950,000.0 1950,000.0 1200,000.0 -$750,000.0
OUTLAYS $2,514,461.0 2390,000.0 2390,000.0 2350,000.0 -$40,000.0
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS The Water Quality Act of 1987 reauthorized this program
at a level of $2,400,000,000 for each year 1987 through
1991.
13-1
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CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
Program Background
Since 1973 the construction grants program has completed about 7,000
construction projects and provided over $50 billion of the more than $73
billion invested in grant-assisted wastewater treatment works. There are
currently about 15,600 treatment plants in the nation serving over 176 million
people.
This program has been authorized since 1972 through Title II of the Clean
Water Act (CWA). Legislative amendments in 1977 and 1981 made a number of
significant changes to the program which increased state responsibilities for
direct grants management and reduced the Federal role in financing project
grants. The statute provides a formula for annual allotment of funds to
states and contains authorities for various funding set-asides to support
delegated state management, water quality management planning, innovative and
alternative technologies, and rural communities.
Program Transition
The Water Quality Act (WQA) of 1987 set the stage for significant program
changes. The traditional program of grants to communities for constructing
facilities is being replaced by grants to states to capitalize revolving loan
funds (SRFs), ushering in expanded state responsibilities and autonomy in an
already extensively delegated program. Although several Title II requirements
will apply to projects funded with capitalization grants for the initial round
of assistance under the SRF program, the new Title VI of the CWA gives states
substantial flexibility to meet their municipal pollution control needs. Under
the SRF program, states will have greater flexibility to use funds for nonpoint
source and estuary programs after they have addressed National Municipal Policy
projects. Eight states received SRF grants in 1988; 40 SRF grants are
projected for 1989, and a total of 51 SRF grants are expected in 1990.
Another key change brought by the WQA was the creation of several set-
asides from construction grants (Title II funds). These include National
reserves for Indian tribe wastewater treatment grants, Marine Combined Sewer
Overflow grants, and funding for the National Estuary Program. A state set-
aside allows each state to use one percent or $100,000, whichever is greater,
for nonpoint source programs. The set-asides have provided significant
financial support to these activities since the WQA was enacted; however, they
will end with the final appropriation of Title II funds in 1990.
Although construction grants funding will end after 1990, grants
management activities will continue at significant levels through the 1990's.
In 1989, almost 6,000 grants will remain active. EPA will help assure that
grant-assisted projects utilize appropriate and affordable designs, are
constructed in the most cost-effective manner, and are managed and operated to
comply with program and discharge requirements.. Effective management of the
national construction grants program will be stressed, emphasizing development
and implementation of multi-year Regional and state strategies to construct,
complete, and close out construction grants. EPA will request delegated states
seeking SRF capitalization grants to provide strategies for constructing and
completing grant projects, including resource plans covering the remaining
period through construction, audit and grant closeout.
13-2
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CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
Construction Grants
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,200,000,000 for the construction grants
appropriation, under Titles II and VI of the Clean Water Act (CWA). This
request is divided between construction grants ($400,000,000) and State
Revolving Funds (SRF) ($800,000,000), and represents a decrease of
$750,000,000 from 1989.
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,200,000,000 for the construction grants
appropriation, a decrease of $750,000,000 from 1989. This request is
consistent with the Administration's $12 billion phaseout of the program, which
was designed to provide the Federal resources needed to construct the highest
priority projects and bring noncomplying publicly owned treatment works back
into compliance with the secondary treatment requirements of Title II.
Gross obligations for the construction grants program will total
approximately $221,000,000; gross obligations for the SRF program will total
approximately $1,222,000,000. Net outlays are projected to be $1,676,000,000
for construction grants and $674,000,000 for the SRF program.
The requested funding level will provide for a total of 63 construction
grant awards, resulting in a total active workload of approximately 5,500
construction grant projects at the end of 1990. There will also be an
estimated 51 operational SRF programs during 1990. Section 205(g) and (j) set-
aside obligations are expected to continue at authorized levels. In addition,
construction grant set-asides (Title II funds only) under Section 205 will
provide grants for Indian tribes, marine combined sewer overflows, and
estuaries.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,950,000,000 from the
construction grants appropriation.
Gross obligations for the construction grants program will total
approximately $1,166,000,000 and approximately $1,361,000,000 for the SRF
program. Net outlays will be approximately $2,262,000,000 for construction
grants and $128,000,000 for the SRF program. The 1989 funding level will
result in a total of 282 Title II grant awards and a total active workload of
almost 6,000 construction grants projects at the end of 1989. The Agency also
expects to have 40 operational SRF programs in 1989. Section 205 set-aside
obligations are expected to continue at authorized levels.
The 1989 construction grants appropriation included $68,000,000 which
Congress earmarked for Boston Harbor ($25,000,000), Des Moines ($20,000,000),
Tijuana ($20,000,000), and Oakwood Beach/Red Hook ($3,000,000). Authorizations
13-3
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for these activities are contained in Sections 513, 515, 510, and 512,
respectively, of the Water Quality Act of 1987. The Agency is working with the
affected jurisdictions to develop,, plans for the use of these funds consistent
with their authorized purposes.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, gross obligations totaled $2,685,098,000 for construction grants
and $108^000,000 for the SRF program. This funding supported 634 Title II
grant awards and resulted in a total active workload of 6,244 grant projects at
the end of 1988. Federal outlays totaled $2,514,461,000 for construction
grants and $371,000 for the SRF program. States obligated $82,704,000 under
205 (g) and $24,100,000 under 205 (j) for water quality and nonpoint source
planning.
13-4
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14. SUPERFUND
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
SUPERFUND 14-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Substance Research. ........ 14-8
Scientific Assessment. 14-16
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 14-17
Health Effects 14-19
Environmental Engineering and Technology 14-20
Environmental Processes and Effects 14-22
Exploratory Research 14-23
Technical Information and Liaison 14-24
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE
Hazardous Substance Response. . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-25
Hazardous Spill and Site Response. . 14-26
Hazardous Substance Response - Support 14-34
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Water . . .... . . . 14-35
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Air and Radiation . . . 14-37
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency 14-38
Department of Health and Human Services. 14-40
United States Coast Guard. . , 14-42
Department of Justice. ...... 14-43
Federal Emergency Management Agency 14-43
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 14-44
Department of the Interior ....... . 14-45
Occupational Safety and Health Administration 14-46
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement. ..... . 14-47
Hazardous Substance Technical Support - Office of Enforcementnt
and Compliance Monitoring 14-49
Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement 14-51
Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement 14-53
Hazardous Substance Criminal Investigations 14-56
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT .
Hazardous Substance Management and Support. ............ 14-58
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Headquarters. . . . . 14-64
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Regions . . . . . . . 14-65
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters . .14-65
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Regions. .... 14-66
Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants
Management - Headquarters. . . 14-67
Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants ;
Management - Regions 14-68
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Headquarters. ...... 14-68
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Regions . . . . . . . . . 14-69
Hazardous Substance Computer Services. ..... 14-69
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Headquarters . 14-70
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Regions .. 14-70
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Inspector General 14-71
Hazardous Substance - Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation. 14-72
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Comptroller. 14-74
Hazardous Substance - Office of External Affairs 14-74
Hazardous Substance - Executive Offices. 14-75
Hazardous Substance - Office of Research
and Development - Lab Support 14-76
-------
SUPERFUND
Actual
1988
Current
Estimate
1989
Estimate
1990
Increase +
Decrease -
1990 vs.
1989
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
Removal Actions:
Fund Financed
PRP Response
Pre-remedial Activities:
Preliminary Assessments
Site Inspections
Remedial Investigations/
Feasibility Studies:
Fund Financed
PRP Response
Remedial Designs:
Fund Financed
PRP Response
Remedial Actions:
Fund Financed
PRP Response
Judicial Enforcement:
106 Referrals
107 Referrals...
Criminal Referrals
195
78
2,884
1,237
53
48
39
26
37
21
26
59
1
190
42
2,500
1,325
43
60
61
67
23
44
68
66
1
190
56
2,500
1,325
55
67*
75
65
41
50
83
60
4
0
+14
0
0
+12
+7
+14
-2
+18
+6
+15
-6
+3
* Includes State-Enforcement Lead
14-6
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SUPERFOND
Actual
1988
Current
Estimate
1989
Estimate
1990
Increase +
Decrease
1990 v
1989
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Cumulative Outputs
Removal Actions:
Fund Financed.
FRP Response
Pre-remedial Activities:
Preliminary Assessments
Site Inspections
Remedial Investigations/
Feasibility Studies
Fund Financed
PRP Response
Both
Remedial Designs:
Fund Financed
PRP Response
Remedial Actions:
Fund Financed
PRP Response
Both
Judicial Enforcement:
106 Referrals
107 Referrals.
Criminal Referrals
1,034
262
26,888
9,072
485
143
72
163
81
104
83
4
139
236
1
1.224
304
29,388
10,397
528
203
N/A
224
148
127
127
N/A
207
302
2
1,414
360
31,888
11,722
583
270
N/A
299
213
168
.177
N/A
290
362
6
+190
+56
+2,500
+1,325
+55
+67
N/A
+75
+65
+41
+50
N/A
+83
+60
+4
14-7
-------
SUPERFUND
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECRESE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Hazardous Substance $1497,370.3 1425,000.0 1579,093.2 1739,683.0 $160,589.8
Superfund
Office of the $10,317.0 $10,317.0
Inspector General
TOTAL, Superfund $1497,370.3 1425,000.0 1579,093.2 1750,000.0 $170,906.8
^
PERMANENT WORKYEARS 2,451.9 2,706.7 2,701.7 2,535.0 -166.7
TOTAL WORKYEARS 2,642.2 2,830.0 2,824.7 3,035.0 210.3
OUTLAYS $828,912.0 1150,000.0 1150,000.0 1375,000.0 $225,000.0
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA)
of 1986 authorizes a total of $8,500,000,000 for this
program for 1987 through 1991.
NOTE: 1988 Actual includes $250.3 discussed in Hazardous Waste, Community Right To Know;
and $105.0 discussed in Toxic Substances, OPTS Title III.
14-1
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SUPERFUND
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
(CERCLA) of 1980, as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act (SARA) of 1986, charges the Agency with the responsibility for providing
emergency response for hazardous substances released into the environment and
the remediation of inactive hazardous waste disposal sites. The Agency
endeavors to mitigate or eliminate one or more of the following situations: 1)
contamination of drinking water supplies, ground water, and soil; 2) pollution
of surface streams and lakes; 3) danger of fire or explosion; 4) spreading of
toxic fumes; and 5) direct contact by humans and wildlife with hazardous
materials. The Hazardous Substance Superfund finances the required activities
to implement CERCLA through excise taxes levied on oil and chemical
manufacturers, a corporate environmental tax, cost recoveries, fines and
penalties, and general revenues.
The Agency will respond to releases of hazardous substances, pollutants,
and contaminants by either a removal or remedial action or by compelling
potentially responsible parties (PRPs) to undertake the response action.
Removal actions are generally short-term responses taken to abate an immediate
threat posed by the uncontrolled release of hazardous substances at sites or
spills into the air, land, or water. Remedial actions involve long-term and
more permanent remedies taken instead of, or in addition to, removal actions.
The program will continue to select sites for remedial action from the National
Priorities List (NPL) and to undertake all response actions in accordance with
the National Contingency Plan (NCP).
While the Agency has the primary responsibility for implementing the
program, CERCLA, Executive Order 12580, and SARA, provide a mandate for the
Agency to work closely with a variety of other Federal agencies and the states
to carry out the Act. The Agency undertakes five major activities in
implementing the .Superfund program: Hazardous Substance Response, Enforcement,
Interagency Support, Research and Development, and Management and Support.
The effective integration of these activities involves close cooperation among
various Agency offices, the states, and other Federal agencies with specific
program responsibilities.
Response Actions Address Environmental Threats
The response program addresses two major goals: 1) to stabilize actual or
potential threats from releases of hazardous substances; and 2) to ensure
that environmental threats posed by uncontrolled hazardous waste sites are
addressed quickly and effectively.
The emphasis in 1990 will be to continue a shift to greater involvement of
PRPs in the remedial process. This program growth will occur as the Agency
continues to balance environmental concerns and program priorities. Work
directed to pre-remedial activities will continue at a constant level as the
emphasis of the program shifts to the completion of feasibility studies and
remedial designs. Progress in moving sites to the final response stages will
14-2
-------
be stressed as the Agency strives to meet the SARA schedules for remedial
action starts. Increased resources are being directed to fund remedial actions
that will be ready for construction to begin in 1990. The Agency will continue
to place an emphasis on the requirement of preference for treatment
technologies and permanent remedies.
The Agency will focus its removal actions on "classical emergencies" or
time-critical responses where there is no PRP, state, or local response
alternative. A lack of action on the Agency's part in these situations could
result in substantial harm to the public health and/or the environment.
Continued emphasis will be placed on greater PRP, state and local participation
in all areas of emergency response.
Activities complementary to direct response actions will be supported.
The Agency's Environmental Response Team will continue to provide training and
technical support to Agency, state, and local government personnel. The Agency
will continue to operate a system for collecting comprehensive national
notification and response data on accidental releases of hazardous substances.
Emphasis will continue on the transfer of research outcomes and other technical
information among decision makers, with emphasis on the transfer of information
concerning alternative technologies to land disposal.
To ensure that Superfund response activities do not result in radiation
hazards or diminished air and water quality, the Office of Air and Radiation
and the Office of Water will continue to provide laboratory . analyses,
technical assistance and guidance for these efforts.
Enforcement Actions Continue to Emphasize Privately-Funded Response Activities
The enforcement component of the Superfund program continues tot
emphasize privately-funded response actions. PRPs will be prompted to act
through negotiated administrative settlements for pre-remedial actions and
through settlements embodied in a Consent Decree for remedial design and
construction. Negotiations will be based on assessments of site conditions and
alternative solutions identified by the Agency.
Where negotiations are unsuccessful, either a Fund-financed action with
subsequent cost recovery will occur, or a CERCLA Section 106 judicial action
will be undertaken to compel a privately-financed response. Settlements and
judgements will be monitored for compliance and, where necessary, punitive
action taken.
The Agency will enter into agreements with the states to encourage their
active .involvement in the Superfund program. Through these agreements, the
Agency will provide technical assistance as the states compel PRP response
under state authorities and oversee privately-funded response actions.
The enforcement program will also provide technical assistance to other
Federal agencies that are addressing uncontrolled hazardous conditions at
facilities owned or operated by that agency. EPA will concur or select the
site remedy and will negotiate an agreement with the agencies to implement the
remedy.
The Criminal Enforcement program will use the felony provisions of SARA to
prosecute parties who illegally dispose of waste, fail to report hazardous
substance releases, destroy records, or submit false information on claims.
14-3
-------
The Agency will provide specialized support for the Enforcement program through
laboratory analysis of high hazard samples, field investigation, technical
assistance in the negotiations of consent decrees, and evidence audits to
assure the accuracy of records and analyses.
Research and Development to Support Response Actions
The Research and Development program will provide support to the Agency,
states, and industry in resolving technical problems which inhibit the
effective implementation of removal and remedial actions at Superfund sites.
Support focuses on adapting existing technologies and scientific information
for application to uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
In addition to providing expanded technical support, the program will
emphasize the commercialization of alternative and innovative treatment
technologies for use in remedial and removal actions by developing reliable
performance and cost information through full scale demonstrations under the
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program.
Additional resources will be devoted to evaluating naturally occurring or
improved microorganisms (biosystems) for their ability to degrade hazardous
substances. Increased resources will also be provided to develop advanced
field monitoring techniques for the measurement of hazardous substances
commonly found at Superfund sites. Technologies which are now primarily used
in the laboratory will be adapted and further developed for field use to
provide techniques and methods that provide more cost-effective field
monitoring at Superfund sites.
EPA Will Continue to Relv Upon the Specialized Expertise of Other Federal
Agencies
As part of the requirement for close cooperation among various Federal
agencies, the Agency integrates the efforts of the Departments of Health and
Human Services, Justice, Transportation, Commerce, Interior, Labor, and the
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and manages an interagency budget
process under Executive Order 12580, signed by the President in January, 1987.
The activities of other Federal agencies are divided into two basic categories.
The first category includes those activities which are episodic in nature and
taken in direct support of specific site or spill response actions. The second
category of other Federal agency involvement is support for on-going
activities which are generally not incident-specific. These activities include
developing program policies and guidance, conducting health research, training
response personnel, litigating civil and criminal cases, and providing
scientific and technical advice to EPA on-scene coordinators.
The Department of Health and Human Services provides the largest
supporting element to Superfund activities through the work of the Agency for
Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the National Institute for
Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). ATSDR will: 1) provide health
assessments at NPL and non-NPL sites; 2) enhance and maintain toxicology data
bases for chemicals found at Hazardous Waste sites; and 3) provide health
consultations for emergency responses. NIEHS will continue its basic research
grant program of conducting biomedical studies investigating new and unique
methodologies to measure levels of exposure and its effects on humans. Other
Federal agencies will provide additional support for EPA. Department of
Justice will conduct litigation and provide legal advice to achieve PRP actions
or cost recovery at abandoned hazardous waste sites. FEMA will support
permanent and temporary relocation operations. The U.S. Coast Guard will
14-4
-------
respond to spills of hazardous substances in coastal and Great Lakes waters and
maintain the National Response Center. The other agencies provide specialized
expertise to the Superfund program and support the activities of the National
Response and Regional Response Teams (NRT/RRT). The agencies together enable
EPA to respond more effectively and efficiently to emergencies and long-term^
response actions, and to carry out a vigorous enforcement effort.
Management and Support Will Continue to Provide Effective and Efficient
Services and Ensure a High Level of Trust Fund Integrity
The Agency will continue to decentralize the Superfund Contracting program
by placing the balance of Regional contracting officers, in the field. This
will provide greater assurances that site-specific contracting needs are
effectively addressed. Likewise, the Agency will place Superfund Grants
management personnel in the Regions to manage and oversee Superfund
Cooperative and Interagency Agreements, and Technical Assistance Grants.
In addition, the Health and Safety program, both in Headquarters and the
Regions, will be improved significantly to provide the training and health
monitoring needed to ensure that the health of our workers is safeguarded and
that the Agency is in compliance with health and safety regulations. Financial
management services will continue to assure data integrity and provide timely
and accurate reports to Regional and Headquarters managers. Other adminis-
trative services will be enhanced in areas such as Superfund property
management and program systems development.
The Office of Policy and Planning Evaluation will undertake a
comprehensive review of the Superfund program in order to assess program
planning and implementation.
Consulting Services
The response program uses consulting services to provide additional
technical expertise. Specifically, consultants are called upon to develop
designs for cost analysis research, models for remedial project cost
estimation, and project management training courses for Remedial Project
Managers and On-Scene Coordinators.
As in the response program, the enforcement program uses consulting
services to provide additional technical expertise. Consultants are called
upon to develop designs for cost analysis research, models for project cost
estimation, and project management training courses for enforcement project managers.
14-5
-------
Research and
Development
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
SUPERFUND . 14-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT .
Hazardous Substance Research 14-8
Scientific Assessment . 14-16
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance ... 14-17
Health Effects 14-19
Environmental Engineering and Technology .... 14-20
Environmental Processes and Effects 14-22
' Exploratory Research 14-23'
Technical Information and Liaison. . 14-24
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substances Research
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment-
Super fund
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Health Effects
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
TOTAL
$4,166.7
$4,166.7
TOTAL
TOTAL
$12,728.3
$12,728.3
$3,696.7
$3,696.7
$4,445.2 $4,376.3 $4,226.3
$4,445.2 $4,376.3 $4,226.3
$13,031.4 $12,933.2 $13,322.5
$13,031.4 $12,933.2 $13,322.5
$3,745.0 $3,745.0 $3,825.3
$3,745.0 $3,745.0 $3,825.3
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
& Effects -• Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
TOTAL
$26,427.7
$26,427.7
$3,142.1
$3,142.1
$32.403.7 $32,403.7 $32,201.6
$32,403.7 $32,403.7 $32,201.6
6
$4,698.7 $4,865.8 $5,218.3
$4,698.7 $4,865.8 $5,218.3
-$150.0
•$150.0
$389.3
$389.3
$80.3
$80.3
-$202.1
•$202.1
$352.5
$352.5
14-8
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substances Research
ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Exploratory Research
Hazardous Substance
Super fund
TOTAL
Technical Information
And Liaison
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
TOTAL
$3,128.5
$3,128.5
$582.2
$582.2
$9,050.0
$9,050.0
$693.3
$693.3
$14,050.0
$14,050.0
$693.3
$693.3
$8,600.0
$8,600.0
$693.3
$693.3
-$5,450.0
-$5,450.0
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance
Superfund 1-
$53,872.2 $68,067.3 $73,067.3 $68,087.3 -$4,980.0
Hazardous Substances TOTAL $53,.872.2 $68,067.3 $73,067.3 $68,087.3 -$4,980.0
Research
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment-
Superfund
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Superfund
Health Effects
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Superfund
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Superfund
11.8
25.9
7.0
14.1
25.3
9.5
14.1
25.3
9.5
14.1
26.3
3.0 • 3.0 3.0 3.0
41.5 .47.9 47.9 48.9
11.5
1.0
1.0
2.0
14-9
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substances Research
ACTUAL ENACTED
1988 1989
CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Exploratory Research
Technical Information
And Liaison
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment-
Super fund
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Superfund
Health Effects
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Superfund
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Superfund
Exploratory Research
Technical Information
1.0
.5 2.0
89.7 102.8
12.6 14.1
26.6 25.3
3.0 3.0
44.3 47.9
7.0 9.5
1.0
.5 2.0
1.0 1.0
2.0 2.0
102.8 106.8 4.0
14 . 1 14 . 1
25.3 26.3 1.0
3.0 3.0
47.9 48.9 l.-O
9.5 11.5 2.0
1.0 1.0
2.0 2.0
And Liaison
TOTAL WORKYEARS
94.0
102.8
102.8
106.8
4.0
14-10
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Research
Principle Outputs by Oblective
Objective 1: Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation
Assessment
1990: o Health and Environmental Effects Documents (Sci. Assessment)
o Report on Evaluation and Improvement of Protective Clothing,
Equipment and Procedures for Hazardous Substance Response
Operations (Engineering)
1989: o Health and Environmental Effects Documents (Sci. Assessment)
o Technical Guidance Document on Emerging Technology for the
Treatment of Metal-Bearing Wastes (Engineering)
1988: o Prototype Cost Engineering Models for Remedial Response
Technologies (Engineering)
Objective 2: Develop Technologies to Manage Uncontrolled Waste Sites
1990: o Handbook of In-Situ .Treatment- of Hazardous Waste (Sci.
Assessment)
o Technical Report on Field Testing of White Rot Fungus for the
Destruction of Hazardous Waste (Engineering)
Status Report on Best Demonstrated Available Technologies (BOAT)
for Superfund Wastes (Engineering)
Assessment Report for Stabilization/Fixation Methods for Soils
L989:
1988: o
Objective 3: Provide Information on Personal Health. Protective Equipment, and
Procedures
1990: o Report on the Development of Methodology for Determining the
Reliability of Flexible Membrane Liners (Engineering)
1989: o Interim Report on Improvement of Worker Safety via Robotics,
Automation, and Task Modification (Engineering)
1988: o Technical Report on the Evaluation of Personal Hazard Detectors
for Highly Toxic Chemicals (Engineering)
14-11
-------
Objective 4: Support Reportable Quantities Regulatory Efforts
1990: o
1989: o
Reportable Quantity Chapters for Health and Environmental Effects
Documents (Sci. Assessment)
Reportable Quantity Chapters for Health and Environmental Effects
Documents (Sci. Assessment)
1988: o Reportable Quantities Documentation for Carcinogenicity and
Chronic Health Effects (Sci. Assessment)
Objective 5: Provide Technical Support to Enforcement. Program, and Regional
Offices
1990: o
L989:
L988:
Report on Development and Application of Toxicity Bioassays for
Field Use at Superfund Sites (Envir. Processes)
Evaluation of Bioremediation as a Remedial Action Technology
(Envir. Processes)
Aerial Remote Sensing Program for Hazardous Waste Sites
(Monitoring)
Engineering Research Symposia for Selected Regions (Engineering)
Objective 6: Provide Quality Assurance Support for Superfund Program
Requirements
1990: o Annual Report on Quality Assurance Support to the Contract
Laboratory Program (Monitoring)
1989: o Annual Report on Quality Assurance Support to the Contract
Laboratory Program (Monitoring)
1988: o Annual Report on Quality Assurance Support to the Contract
Laboratory Program (Monitoring)
Objective 7: Provide Technology Transfer
1990: o Annual Report on Technology Transfer Activities (Tech. Info.)
1989: o Annual Report on Technology Transfer Activities (Tech. Info.)
1988: o Annual Report on Technology Transfer Activities (Tech. Info.)
Objective 8: Conduct Alternative/Innovative Technology Research. Development
and Demonstration
L990:
Reports on Evaluations Conducted Under the SITE Program with
Applications Analyses (Envir. Engineering)
SITE Annual Report to Congress (Envir. Engineering)
14-12
-------
1989: o Report on Ten SITE Program Demonstrations and Applications
Analyses (Envir. Engineering)
o SITE Annual Report to Congress (Envir. Engineering)
o Annual Report on Development and Demonstration of Immunoassay
Detection System for Rapid Screening at Superfund Sites
(Monitoring)
1988: o SITE Annual Report to Congress (Envir. Engineering)
Objective 9: Conduct Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk Assessment and
Detection Research
1990: o Annual Report on Superfund Health Risk Research (Sci. Assessment)
o Report on Portable X-Ray Fluorescence for Characterizations of
Hazardous Waste Sites (Monitoring)
, 1989: o Annual Report on Superfund Health Risk Research (Sci. Assessment)
1988: o Report on the Genetic Activity Profiles of Superfund Priority
Group 2 Chemicals (Health)
Objective 10: Manage University Hazardous Substance Research Centers
1990: o Annual Report on the Hazardous Substances Research Centers
1989: o Annual Report on the- Hazardous Substance Research Centers
1988: o Annual Report on the Hazardous Substance Research Centers
14-13
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $68,087,300 supported by 106.8 total
workyears for 1990, a decrease of $4,980,000 and an increase of 4.0 total
workyears over the 1989 level. All of the request will be for the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation. The decrease in funding results because of
the inclusion of $5,000,000 in 1988 carryover funds in the current 1989 budget.
These funds were appropriated in 1988 for establishment of five university-
based Research Centers. However, because of the lengthy selection process, the
Agency was unable to obligate the funds in 1988.
Program Objectives
The Superfund research and development program provides a core of
scientific and technical information to support implementation of the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)
as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA).
The research program concentrates on assessing the health and environmental
risks posed by Superfund sites and on evaluating equipment and techniques for
discovering, assessing, preventing, removing, and disposing of hazardous
substances released into the environment.
Objective 1; Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation
Assessment. This research provides techniques and procedures to allow on-
site coordinators . and remedial project managers to quickly and effectively
assess the degree of hazard posed at specific uncontrolled waste sites.
Objective 2: Develop Technologies to Manage Uncontrolled Waste Sites.
This research program develops and evaluates technologies which are not yet
ready for field application and require additional lab development. These
technologies are being developed by the Agency as tools for cleanup under the
Superfund program. This development activity must be carried out by the Agency
because of the low commercial interest, low potential for profit, or because
of the high economic risks associated with the development of the technology.
Objective 3: Provide Information on Personnel Health. Protective
Equipment, and Procedures. This research provides evaluation and assessment of
the technologies applicable to ensuring personnel health and safety during
removal and remedial response operations.
Objective 4: Support Reportable Quantities Regulatory Efforts. This
research supports Superfund regulatory efforts by ranking and assigning
reportable quantities to chemicals based upon either carcinogenicity or
chronic health effects information. This information is then used by the
program office to adjust reportable quantities for these chemicals.
14-14
-------
Objective 5: Provide Technical Support to Enforcement. Program and
Regional Offices. This research provides review of remedial action design and
implementation plans and review of new data submitted by liable parties for
specific site problems. Review and technical expertise is also provided to
the Enforcement program and the Regional offices.
Objective 6: Provide Quality Assurance Support for Superfund Program
Requirements. This program provides extensive support to the National
Contract Laboratory Program. Activities include development and promulgation
of analytical methods to measure and characterize samples from Superfund sites,
and review and evaluation of quality assurance and quality control plans.
Objective 7: Provide Technology Transfer. This program disseminates
information to the Program office, Regions, states and local authorities to
assist them in Superfund site cleanups.
Objective 8: Conduct Alternative/Innovative Technology Research.
Development and Demonstration. This program fulfills the Agency's
responsibility under SARA Section 311(b) to carry out a comprehensive program
of research, development and demonstration for the purpose of promoting the
commercialization of innovative and alternative treatment and monitoring
technologies.
Objective 9: Conduct Health Effects/Risk Assessment and Detection
Research. This program fulfills the Agency's responsibility under SARA
Section 311(c) to carry out a comprehensive program of research and development
to enhance the Agency's scientific capabilities to detect, assess, and evaluate
effects on, and risks to, human health from hazardous substances.
Objective 10: Manage University Hazardous Substance Research Centers.
This program funds research and training related to the manufacture, use,'
transportation, disposal, and management of hazardous substances through a
university based centers program as authorized under SARA Section 311(d).
Objective 11: Alternative/Innovative Treatment Technology Test Facility.
This program will provide the funds to fully establish the Test and Evaluation
facility at Edison, NJ, by providing required monitoring, emissions control and
other equipment for the facility.
Objective 13: Conduct Research at the Gulf Coast Hazardous Waste
Research Center. The Gulf Coast Hazardous Waste Research Center is a
university-based research center comprised of eight institutions of higher
education and located at Laraar University. Under joint Agency and state
funding, it will conduct hazardous waste research on issues indigenous to the
Gulf Coast area.
o
Objective 14: Superfund Scientific Instrumentation. This program
provides support for ORD research for scientific instrumentation and equipment
with cost under $50,000. .
14-15
-------
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,226,300 supported by 14.1 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents a decrease of $150,000 in funding and
no change in total workyears. The reduction reflects a reallocation of some
non-personnel related resources to areas of higher priority research.
Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assessment.
Site-, chemical-, and situation-specific exposure assessment and risks
assessments will be prepared to assist the program office, Enforcement, and
the Regions in evaluating the degree of hazard at uncontrolled waste sites
during the remedial investigation and feasibility study (RI/FS) process.
Specific activities will include the preparation of health effects assessments
and participation in the development, review, and implementation of toxicology
profiles.
Support Reportable Quantities Regulatory Efforts. Chemical-specific
health effects documentation (cancer and other chronic effects) will be
provided to the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response (OERR) for use in
adjusting the Reportable Quantity amounts for various hazardous substances.
These two risk categories are among those which are considered by the program
office in adjusting Reportable Quantity amounts of given hazardous substances
to reflect the potential hazard associated with their release into the
environment.
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement. Program and Regional Offices.
Site- and chemical-specific health assessments will be prepared to assess the
relative health risk associated with remedial activities at Superfund sites at
which Enforcement has the lead for implementing remedial responses. The
Regional Risk Assessment Review Group will conduct reviews of risk assessments
submitted by EPA Regional offices.
Conduct Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk Assessment and Detection
Research. Scientific assessment research will develop toxicity assessments and
risk characterization and exposure assessments. Screening techniques for early
detection and for adverse health effects and improved measurement techniques
for non-cancer health end-points will be developed. An extensive program of
pharmacokinetics modeling and exposure assessment methodology development is
planned.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,376.300 supported by 14.1
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. Site-, chemical-, and situation-specific exposure and
risk assessments are being prepared to assist Superfund operations,
Enforcement, and the Regional offices in evaluating alternative cleanup
decisions at uncontrolled Superfund sites. Activities include development of
toxicological profiles, and provision of rapid response health assessments.
Chemical-specific data are being provided on carcinogenicity and on chronic
.effects to support the Superfund activities necessary to adjust or establish
14-16
-------
the Reportable Quantities (RQ) for hazardous substances. The Regional Risk
Assessment Review Group was established.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $4,166,700 supported by 12.6'
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. The program produced 43 health and environmental
effects documents and rapid response health assessments, and carcinogenic and
chronic health effects documents for many hazardous substances to support
reportable quantity adjustment. The program assisted with health and risk
assessment of sites for the Enforcement office. Thirteen toxicological
profiles were completed in 1988.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,322,500 supported by 26.3 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents an increase of $389,300 and 1.0
total workyear. The increase reflects increased personnel and support costs
and additional support for research in advanced field monitoring techniques.
Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assessment.
Monitoring procedures for all media will be evaluated, validated and
standardized. Analytical protocols, sampling techniques and data
interpretation approaches will be prepared. Techniques to be investigated
include air .monitoring techniques for ambient and source sampling, sample
preparation methods, automated data transfer techniques, geophysical methods,
and remote sensing techniques.
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement. Program and Regional Offices.
Site-specific technical assistance, and monitoring and characterization support
will continue to be provided to the Program and Regional offices in response to
their needs for accurate and precise site-specific data. This will include
providing aerial imagery, photographic interpretation, and maps for pre- and
post remedial site assessment. Oversight reviews for the monitoring portions
of settlement agreements will be provided. In addition, support will be
provided in the areas of ground water sampling, network design, use of
geophysical techniques, and analytical methods.
Conduct Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk Assessment and Detection
Research. The program to develop advanced field monitoring techniques for
measurement of hazardous substances will continue. Technologies which are now
primarily used in the laboratory will be adapted and further developed for
field use to provide techniques and methods that allow more focused, complete,
expedient, and cost-effective field monitoring for common hazardous substances
at Superfund sites. The application of these in-the-field monitoring
techniques and methods will accelerate site cleanup and reduce costs.
Activities will focus on the development, evaluation, and standardization of
field analytical and sampling methods; development of cost effective sampling
designs and approaches; and development of techniques for managing and
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interpreting field data. Immunoassay systems for screening single compounds or
classes of compounds and field portable systems such as fiber optics chemical
sensors and x-ray fluorescence will be developed. Since volatile organic
compounds are the most common contaminants at Superfund sites, initial
analytical and sampling efforts will focus on these compounds. New screening
methods for exposure assessment (exposure biomarkers) will be developed.
Provide Quality Assurance Support for Superfund Program Requirements.
Quality assurance support will be provided to the Contract Laboratory Program
(CLP) to ensure that data of known and documented quality are used in the
Superfund program. A quality assurance program provides the basis for
determining the accuracy of data used to make operational decisions. Quality
assurance reference materials, such as calibration standards, quality control
samples and performance evaluation samples will be prepared and distributed
according to uniform and consistent protocols, for analysis by contract
laboratories. The analytical data generated by the laboratories are audited in
order to assess intra- and inter-laboratory performance and methods
performance. These data are maintained in the Quality Assurance/Quality
Control Data Base. Pre-award and post award on-site contract laboratory
inspections are performed to complement the performance evaluations.
Conduct Alternative/Innovative Technology Research. Development and
Demonstration. Resources in 1990 will be used to demonstrate and evaluate
innovative monitoring technologies. This will be a cooperative program with
the private sector to determine technology applicability to Superfund site
assessment and pollutant characterization. Monitoring techniques lacking
private sector support, which are not yet ready for demonstration, also will be
evaluated and further developed for validation and demonstration. Technologies
to be investigated will be selected from candidates currently being researched
and/or developed in the private sector.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $12,933,200 supported by 25.3
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. Innovative technologies and approaches that offer
potentially significant cost and time savings to Superfund site investigations
are being given priority for investigation. In the area of advanced field
monitoring methods, a range of technologies meeting the above criteria will be
studied, including field portable x-ray technology for metals detection, fiber
optic technology for in situ ground water monitoring, immunoassay methods for
organics detection, field portable gas chromatography for volatile organics
monitoring, and canister-based air samplers for detection of volatile organics.
Field sampling quality assurance research has been introduced in 1989. This
effort will focus on developing standardized sampling guidance and audit
procedures. Site and situation assessment procedures, such as analytical
protocols, sample preparation procedures, and data interpretation procedures
are being developed, evaluated, or demonstrated. Site-specific technical
assistance will continue to be provided in numerous areas, including remote
sensing, geophysical support, sampling and monitoring, and CIS. Quality
assurance support also will be provided in 1989. Pre- and post-award onsite
contract laboratory inspections are being performed to complement the
performance evaluation studies.
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1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $12,728,300 supported by 26.6
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance,
Superfund appropriation. During 1988, a geostatistical environmental!
assessment software package that ,constructs contour maps of pollutant
concentrations was completed. The package provides procedures that assist the
site and situation assessments ongoing in the EPA Regions. Much site-specific
technical assistance was provided by the program during 1988. At least 30
topographic maps and 400 aerial images (photographs) were analyzed as part, of
the program's remote sensing support. Support to enhance user competency of
Geographic Information Systems (CIS) continued. During 1988, CIS
demonstrations were provided to four EPA Regions. The program also provided
quality assurance support, including reference materials, performance
evaluation samples, and laboratory audits to six EPA Regions.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,825,300 supported by 3.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $80,300 in funding and no
change in total workyears. This increase reflects increased personnel and
support costs.
Conduct Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk Assessment and Detection
Research. This program provides improved evaluation measures and data to,
detect, assess, and evaluate human health risk from hazardous substances at'
Superfund sites. This work includes providing methods to evaluate the hazard
potential of waste mixtures, screening techniques for early detection of
adverse health effects, and identification and improvement of measures of
health endpoints, particularly non-cancer endpoints such as reproductive
effects and neurotoxicity.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,745,000 supported by 3.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. In 1989, the health effects research program is
working to provide methods to detect, assess, and evaluate the risks to human
health from hazardous substances associated with Superfund sites. Test
methods are being developed for the evaluation of hazard potential of waste
mixtures, as are predictive techniques that can reduce uncertainties in risk
assessment caused by data limitations. This research is focused on improving
the EPA Superfund risk assessment process and is coordinated with the
scientific assessment program and activities of the Program office, as well as
with the research activities of both the National Institute of Environmental
Health Sciences (NIEHS) and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry (ATSDR).
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1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $3,696,700 supported by 3.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. Research on rapid response toxicity testing, dose
measurement techniques and development of methods for predicting neurotoxic
effects from complex mixtures occurred.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $32,201,600 supported by 48.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents a decrease of $202,100 and an
increase of 1.0 total workyears. The workyear increase reflects staff support
for the development of an expert system to aid decision-makers in such areas as
construction design, screening, and selection of remedial alternatives at
Superfund sites. The decrease reflects the combined effects of a disinvestment
in equipment resources for the Test and Evaluation facility at Edison, NJ, the
addition of resources for the Gulf Coast Research Center, and the enhancement
of support for the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program.
Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assessment.
Engineering expertise and assessment procedures will be provided to assist:
the Superfund program in RI/FS studies at specified Superfund sites.
Information will be provided on the cost and effectiveness of remedial action
technologies for specific sites based on data collected from surveys and
technology evaluations. Emphasis will continue to be placed on the development
of support tools to assist with RI/FS activities. Information will be provided
on the biochemistry and genetics of PCB degradation by bacteria and on the
evaluation of solidification techniques for hazardous waste treatment.
Evaluate Technologies to Manage Uncontrolled Waste Sites. Evaluations
will be conducted on technologies which are being developed as cleanup tools
for Superfund sites but which are not yet at the stage of being available for
field application. Activities will continue to focus on ' technologies
involving extraction, degradation and/or detoxification, immobilization studies
for solidification and/or stabilization of contaminated material combustion
research biosystems and/or stabilization biosystems technology, in situ
techniques for large municipal waste NPL sites, cross-media impacts of
technologies, and BDAT development of Superfund wastes. Increased emphasis
will be placed on biosystems research due to its potential to significantly
reduce the cost of site cleanups and because the private sector has shown
limited interest because of the high economic risks.
Provide Information on Personnel Health. Protective Equipment and
Procedures. Personnel protective clothing, equipment, and procedures suitable
for use at Superfund sites will be evaluated. This will include
identification and evaluation of promising new protective materials, garments,
respirators, personal hazard detectors, and equipment. Evaluation of the use
of robotics at Superfund sites has been completed.
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Provide Technical Support to Enforcement. Program and Regional Offices.
Technical support will be provided to Agency and state personnel on engineering
issues that arise during emergency and remedial response at Superfund sites for
case support. Information from Superfund research will be provided to ensure
that the latest available procedures and technologies are employed.
Conduct Alternative/Innovative Technology Research. Development and
Demonstration. The innovate treatment technology demonstration program (SITE)•
will continue to be focused on separation, chemical stabilization,
detoxification and destruction technologies that provide potential for
improvement in cleanup at Superfund sites. SITE is composed of a field
demonstration and evaluation component, an emerging technology component that
cost shares development of promising technological ideas from the concept stage
to pilot scale demonstration, and a technology transfer component which
consists of project evaluation reporting and the SITE clearinghouse. Ten
additional field demonstrations will be conducted and eight new emerging
technologies projects will be added.
Provide Research in Prevention of Accidental and Chronic Releases of
Hazardous Substances. Research will be initiated on the engineering aspects of
pollution plume modeling and process measurement and monitoring techniques to
assist State and local governments and private organizations in planning for
and responding to risks posed by hazardous substance releases.
Conduct Research at the Gulf Coast Hazardous Substance Research Center.
This Center is jointly funded by the Agency and the State of Texas to research
hazardous waste technological issues indigenous to the Gulf Coast area. It is
a consortium of eight institutions of higher education, with Lamar University
serving as grantor. The Center is operated through a cooperative agreement and
will initially conduct research in the areas of pollution prevention,(
treatment technologies and technology transfer.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $32,403,700 supported by 47.9
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. In 1989, the engineering research program is working
to provide improved and innovative technologies for cleaning up Superfund sites
more economically. There is an expansion of the research into the use of
biological degradation (biosystems) for such cleanups. The SITE information
clearinghouse is being expanded by the addition of a computer system that
integrates all components of the clearinghouse. Ten additional SITE field
demonstration projects are planned and eight new emerging technology projects
will be selected for evaluation. the 1990 solicitation will be made in 1989
and call for projects that deal with treatment of contaminated soils and
sludge. Equipment for the Test and Evaluation Facility will be procured.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $26,427,700 supported by 44.3
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. During 1988, the program provided engineering
technical support to review site assessment and feasibility plans and advise on
remedial action were demonstrated. Work continued on the demonstration of in-
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situ control technologies with focus on activities in the most promising
combined systems at field-scale application. Work continued in the SITE
program to demonstrate on-site control technologies that can extract, degrade,
detoxify, or immobilize contaminants. Six field demonstrations were completed
in the area of thermal extraction technologies (2), solidification/
stabilization (2), in situ vacuum extraction (1), and solvent extraction (1).
Eight emerging technologies projects were initiated.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,218,300 supported by 11.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents an increase of $352,500 and 2.0
total workyears. The increase reflects additional resources for technical
support for substance modeling for the Superfund research program and for
increased personnel and support costs
Develop Technologies to Manage Uncontrolled Waste Sites. Environmental
processes work will be expanded on the cleanup potential of in situ
biodegradation techniques (biosysterns) related to contaminated soils and
ground water. The expanded activity in this area is integrated with
biosystems research in the engineering program and is an integral part of the
efforts needed to bring these new, less costly, cleanup technologies to the
field for use in achieving permanent site remediation as required by SARA. New
activity will include characterizing the subsurface biological, chemical, and
physical processes that promote in situ bio-remediation; environmentally
enhancing the metabolic capabilities of indigenous microorganisms for
biodegradation; and genetically manipulating microorganisms to design microbial
strains with novel and enhanced biodegradation characteristics. Research will
also focus on the ecological effects that might be associated with these
biodegradation technologies. Potential environmental and health effects
associated with genetically engineered organisms will be evaluated.
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement. Program and Regional Offices.
Technical support will be provided to Agency and state personnel on the use of
subsurface models, sampling and analytical techniques, assessment of
contaminated marine coastal areas, development of exposure/risk assessment
methodologies, and on the application of bioassessment protocols for
determining the toxicity of contaminated sites and samples. Work on the
bioassessment protocol will be expanded with applications at actual Superfund
sites for validation of the technique under rigorous, complex waste situations.
These activities are needed to support program office activities to prioritize
sites on the basis of their risk.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,865,800 supported by 9.5
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. Research is being initiated on the cleanup potential
of in situ biodegradation techniques related to contaminated soils and ground
water. This research is closely coordinated with the engineering evaluations
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of techniques to prevent the migration of hazardous substances into ground
water, and will be instrumental in determining whether biodegradation methods
are potentially cost-effective alternatives to soil excavation or withdrawal
and treatment of contaminated ground water. Technical support is being
provided to Agency and state staffs for site-and case-specific issues.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $3,142,100 supported by 7.0
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. During 1988, technical support was provided in
response to specific requests from EPA Regions, Enforcement, and states on
ground water sampling, analyses, data interpretation and site-specific
modeling. Plume movement and biological stabilization of subsurface
contaminants were evaluated and uptake of contaminants by fish was studied.
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,600,000 and 1.0 total workyear for this
program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substances Superfund
appropriation. This decrease of $5,450,000 is primarily caused by the
availability of $5,000,000 in carryover for the Hazardous Substance Research
Centers. In addition, resources for the Gulf Coast Research Center which will
be established in 1989 will be transferred to the Engineering program in 1990.
There is no change in total workyears.
Conduct Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk Assessment and Detectio^
Research. Targeted grants in the area of in-situ treatment of hazardous waste
and monitoring for Superfund site assessments will be awarded. In addition,
targeted grants in two new areas of research relevant to the Superfund program
will be initiated. Approximately ten new grants will be awarded in 1990.
Manage University Hazardous Substances Research Centers. Five competitive
Hazardous Substances Research Centers will continue to fund research and
training in areas related to the manufacture, use, transportation, disposal,
and management of hazardous substances. This program is considered by the
Agency to be an important part of the overall multtdisciplinary research
program to address health, environmental, and engineering issues associated
with hazardous substances. This university based program will foster the
application of academic expertise in basic research to Superfund issues.
Superfund Scientific Instrumentation. This program provides scientific
instrumentation support to ORD research. Resources for 1990 will purchase
needed equipment such as gas and high pressure liquid chromatographs, emission
spectrometers and other bench testing equipment and instruments.
1989 Prpgrpm.
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $14,050,000 supported by 1.0
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. In 1989, a targeted grants program is fundird
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research on hazardous waste abatement and control with the focus on
biodegradation of hazardous organics at Superfund sites. The Hazardous
Substances Research Centers program was initiated when peer review panels
reviewed proposals and selected five University-based centers that will fund
research and training on the manufacture, use, transportation, disposal, and
management of hazardous substances.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $3,128,500 supported by no
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. In 1988, a targeted competitive grants research
program was established to fund applied research on hazardous substances
abatement and control activities. The initial focus was on the study of in-
situ methods for decontamination of ground water and 'development of rapid
analytical methods applicable to complex mixtures at Superfund sites. A
national solicitation for funding proposals for the Hazardous Substance
Research Centers program was issued. Peer review panels were established to
review proposals and recommend awards in response to the solicitation.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND LIAISON
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $693,300 and 2.0 total workyear for this
program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents no change in dollars or total workyears.
Provide Technology Transfer.• This activity provides technology transfer
and training assistance on issues relevant to the Superfund cleanup program for
the Program office, EPA Regions, and states.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $693,300 supported by 2.0
total workyear for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substances
Superfund appropriation. This program is coordinating technology transfer
activities, and delivering technological information and training to the
Program office, Regions, states and contractors responsible for cleanup
activities. This activity enhances the effective, timely, and efficient
planning of permanent solutions in Superfund response actions.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $582,200 supported by 0.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This program developed mechanisms to coordinate ORD
technology transfer activities, and delivered technological information to the
program office, Regions, States and contractors responsible for cleanup
activities.
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Hazardous Substance
Response Actions
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
SUPERFUND 14-1
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE
Hazardous Substance Response. . 14-25
Hazardous Spill and Site Response. 14-26
Hazardous Substance Response - Support. 14-34
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Water 14-35
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Air and Radiation . . . 14-37
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency. ............ 14-38
Department of Health and Human Services. ... . . . . . . . . . 14-40
United States Coast Guard 14-42
Department of Justice. 14-43
Federal Emergency Management Agency 14-43
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 14-44
Department of the Interior 14-45
Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 14-46
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
, (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Spill & Site
Response
Hazardous Substance $1150,977.8 1027,167.3 1184,151.3 1345,300.3 $161,149.0
Superfund
TOTAL $1150,977.8 1027,167.3 1184,151.3 1345,300.3 $161,149.0
TOTAL: .
Hazardous Substance $1150,977.8 1027,167.3 1184,151.3 1345,300.3 $161,149.0
Superfund
Hazardous Substance TOTAL $1150,977.8 1027.167.3 1184,151.3 1345,300.3 $161,149.0
Response
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Spill & Site 1,023.2 1,034.9 1,124.3 736.7 -387.6
Response
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 1,023.2 1,034.9 1,124.3 736,7 -387.6
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Spill & Site 1,092.5 1,089.7 1,178.9 1,236.7 57.8
Response
TOTAL WORKYEARS 1,092.5 1,089.7 1,178.9 1,236.7 57.8
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Environmental Protection Agency
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,345,300,300 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. Of these resources, $72,758,800 will be for the
salaries and expenses to support 1,236.7 total workyears. This resource level
represents an increase of $161,149,000 and 57.8 total workyears from 1989. The
increase reflects the continuing growth of design and construction activities
at National Priorities List (NPL) sites.
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,184,151,300 from the
Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. Of these resources, $64,567,700
is for salaries and expenses to support 1,178.9 total workyears.
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $1,150,977,800 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund. Of these resources, $61,186,500 was for salaries and
expenses to support 1,092.5 total workyears.
PRE-REMEDIAL PROGRAM
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $83,534,000 for the Pre-remedial Program
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This represents a
decrease of $1,635,000 from 1989 levels. The majority of these resources
support preliminary assessment (PA) and site inspection (SI) activities
conducted at potential Superfund sites. Reductions in this program area
reflect the completion of the revised Hazard Ranking System (HRS) and National
Contingency Plan (NCP).
In 1990, the Pre-remedial Program will continue to place an emphasis on
improving the effectiveness of site screening during the early stages of site
evaluation to ensure that the Agency's responses are focused on the most
serious environmental and public health threats. The Agency will strive to.
meet the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) mandated goal that
all sites will be evaluated for inclusion on the NPL within four years of
initial discovery. In addition, the Agency, in cooperation with the states,
will fully implement the new HRS. Work directed toward pre-remedial activities
will continue at a stable level for preliminary assessments and site
inspections targeting the most environmentally significant sites for further
action.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $85,169,000 from the
Hazardous Substance 'Superfund appropriation for the Pre-remedial Program. The
Agency is developing and implementing procedures to identify and characterize
sites that represent the greatest environmental and public health threats from
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hazardous substances. The revised HRS enables the Agency to expedite site
planning activities through improved initial site characterization. As a
result, available resources may be directed toward the sites that have the most
immediate need for response. The Agency is striving to meet the pre-remedial
completion deadlines imposed by SARA to perform Sis where PAs have shown they
are warranted.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $71,037,000 for the Pre-remedial
Program from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. The Agency has
met the SARA mandated goal to conduct PAs by January 1, 1988, at all sites on
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Information
System (CERCLIS) at the time of the enactment of°SARA. The program completed
2,884 PAs and 1,237 Sis. By the end of 1988, two of the ten Regions were close
to meeting their SARA mandated goal for SI completions. In addition, the
program added over 200 proposed sites to the NPL. The Agency has revised the
HRS to put in place mechanisms to address high priority releases first.
REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION/FEASIBILITY STUDY (RI/FS)
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $98,500,000 for this program from the
Hazardous Substance Superfuhd appropriation. This represents a decrease of
$1,000,000 from 1989 levels. This reduction is in support of the Agency plans
to fund remedial projects that will be ready for construction in 1990.
In 1990, the Agency will start 55 new and 25 subsequent RI/FS. The Agency
will issue guidance and provide technical assistance on the use of applicable
relevant and appropriate requirements in ' setting response standards,
streamlined RI/FS, public health risk assessment, environmental evaluation and
implementation of the new remedy selection process. Emphasis will also be
placed on implementing a quality control program on risk assessment in the
Regions. By the end of 1990, the RI/FS full funding strategy, which was begun
in 1988, will be completed. Other initiatives to streamline project costs and
reduce RI/FS budgets will also be implemented.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $99,500,000 for this program
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. The Agency plans to
initiate new Fund-financed RI/FS at 43 projects and to start subsequent RI/FS
at 18 projects. With RI/FS projects that are overseen by potentially
responsible parties (PRPs) and funded through the Enforcement Program, the
Agency will meet the SARA schedule for RI/FS project starts. Initiatives to
prevent or minimize cost growth in RI/FS are being implemented, and include:
performance incentives such as cost and schedule control for remedial
contractors under the ARCS; policy and guidance to streamline RI/FS projects by
reducing the amount of work required to support a remedy selection decision;
and a three year full-funding strategy and average cost ceiling. In an effort
to better assess the factors contributing to the cost of performing a RI/FS,
the Agency published a cost evaluation of the process in October 1988. The
evaluation included several recommendations for .cost cutting measures. The
Agency anticipates that the full-funding strategy will complement other
ongoing efforts to reduce RI/FS budgets and improve cost management.
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1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $142,410,400 for this program
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. At the end of 1988, 203
of the total RI/FS project initiations mandated by SARA had been started. The
overall number of Records of Decision signed during the fiscal year was
approximately double that of 1987. The program also developed interim guidance
for the NCP. The guidance implemented a site-specific process in which nine
criteria are analyzed to make a decision concerning the final remedy selection
for a project.
REMEDIAL DESIGN (RD)/REMEDIAL ACTION (RA)
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $675,621,400 for the RD and RA stages of
the Remedial Program for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This
total amount includes $20,200,000 for projects with PRP oversight and
$655,421,400 for Fund-financed projects. This request represents an increase
of $160,972,700 for remedial design and construction activities from 1989
levels.
In 1990, the Superfund Program will continue to emphasize response actions
financed by PRPs. PRPs will oversee 65 new designs and 20 subsequent design
initiations at remedial projects. In addition, PRPs will begin 50 new actions
and 15 subsequent actions.
The Superfund Trust Fund will assume responsibility for all projects where
PRP response is not achieved. In 1990, the Fund will finance 75 new designs
and 35 subsequent designs at remedial projects. In addition,.the Fund will be
responsible for the starting 41 new and 24 subsequent remedial action projects.
Of these 65 projects, 30 will have been deferred from 1989, and will have the
highest priority for funding in 1990.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $514,648,700 for this program
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. The Agency will continue
progress toward the SARA mandated deadlines (e.g., 175 remedial action starts
by October 1989 and the additional 200 starts by 1991), while ensuring steady
funding of those projects that are ready to proceed to construction. The
Agency continues to encourage PRP participation in the Superfund Program
through the timely completion of negotiations and effective use of the
settlement authorities in SARA. PRPs are responsible for preparing designs at
67 new projects and at 16 subsequent projects. PRPs will also start new
actions at 44 projects and subsequent actions at 7 projects. The Trust Fund
will begin new designs at 61 sites and subsequent designs at 35 projects. In
addition, the Trust Fund will commence 23 new actions and 21 subsequent
actions at remedial projects. The Agency also performs long term activities at
sites, after the RA is completed, to ensure that the hazardous condition(s) has
been permanently remedied.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $551,488,700 for this program
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. Resources were used to
initiate only Fund-financed remedial projects in 1988. PRP oversight of cost
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and program management was funded through the Agency's Enforcement project. Of
the designs started, 39 were new and 30 were subsequent projects. For RAs, 37
were started at new projects and 14 at subsequent projects.
REMOVAL ACTIONS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests $99,750,000 for this program for the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation. This represents a decrease of $5,500,000
from 1989 levels. This reduction reflects the Agency's initiative to redirect
resources to the remedial program in an effort to fund remedial projects that
are ready for construction.
In 1990, the Agency will continue to use its expanded removal authorities
for emergency actions. The Removal Program will remain in a steady state as it
continues to stabilize NFL sites where significant threats exist while
additional long-term response is being considered.
1989 Program
The Agency is allocating $105,250,000 workyears for removal actions from
the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. Removal actions enable the
Agency to initiate immediate response to protect public health and the
environment and do not require completion of a long-term analysis of the site
or the results of more detailed site assessments. In addition to responding to
emergencies, removals may be initiated when an immediate response is not
critical, but some early response is necessary to protect public health or the
environment. The Agency is planning to provide emergency responses at 190
major hazardous substance releases.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $95,249,100 for removal actions
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. These resources were
used to conduct removal actions at 53 NPL sites and at 161 non-NPL sites. In
addition, removal actions were completed at 42 NPL and 155 non-NPL sites.
Completions included sites that were started in previous years.
RESPONSE SUPPORT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $103,562,000 for the Response Support
Program from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This represents
a decrease of $7,060,000 from 1989 levels. The majority of these resources
support: sample analysis services; technical training to on-scene coordinators
(OSCs), Remedial Project Managers (RPMs), and states; policy analysis; and
budget development. The decrease in requested funds is attributed to the
reduction in management costs due to the shift from nationally managed remedial
contracts to contracts managed within the Regions.
In 1990, the Response Support Program will resume its responsibilities for|
sample analysis and data review for all phases of the pre-remedial, remedial
and removal programs. The Laboratory Program anticipates conducting at least
130,000 samples during 1990 through its 96 sample laboratories. Consistent
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with the goal of increasing the quality assurance (QA) of sample related
activities, programs will expand and improve auditing efforts at Superfund
sites. In addition, the program will continue to be active in assisting the
states with establishing their QA programs.
The Response Support Program will continue to ensure that the training and
transfer of technology from the Office of Research and Development, other
Federal agencies, and the private sector is available to OCSs, RPMs, the
states, and Superfund contractors. Activities undertaken to ensure the
transfer of information and technologies will include: 1) updating the
treatability data base; 2) conducting joint seminars with Office of Research
Development in the Regions; 3) enhancing analytical services to meet site
assessment needs; and 4) expanding the electronic bulletin board to include the
private sector. The program will also continue to assess and evaluate the
Remedial Program for improvements and management initiatives. Some of these
initiatives will be to: improve the process for conducting remedial
investigations and feasibility studies; evaluate design and construction
performance; implement appropriate improvements expanding Regional contract
support capacity; enhance contract cost controls; and ensure adequate training
and administrative support for RPMs.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $110,622,000 for the Response
Support Program. The sample analysis and management activities conducted by
the Contract Laboratory Program, the Environmental Services Divisions, and the
states continue to be a primary component of the Response Support Program. By
the end of 1989, the program's 96 sample analysis laboratories will have
analyzed at least 120,000 samples, of which 46 percent will be for remedial
projects, 29 percent for pre-remedial projects and 25 percent for removal
actions. This program is also responsible for promulgation of the revisions to
the NCP during 1989.
The program continues developing technologies and practices for preventing,
releases, identifying the causes of accidents, and preparing for the
mitigation of chemical accidents. Knowledge gained from this effort is shared
with state and local governments, trade associations, professional societies,
industry, and the public sector. The Response Support Program ensures
technical and management coordination within the Agency and with other Federal
agencies, and provides oversight of remedial and removal activities through the
Superfund Comprehensive Accomplishments Plan (SCAP). The SCAP is the central
mechanism for planning, tracking and evaluating Superfund program activities.
Support activities also include budget formulation, strategic planning, policy
and program evaluation, program forecasting, financial accounting and tracking,
and administrative services.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $109,879,800 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation. The objectives and goals of the Response
Support Program were met through the expansion of field activities and quality
assurance procedures for sample analysis and the revision of the NCP and HRS.
Specifically, the laboratory support program conducted a total of 119,808
samples, of which 39,910 were special analytical samples and 79,898 were
routine analytical samples. The revisions to the NCP provided procedures and
standards for remedial actions consistent with SARA, clarified existing NCP
language, reorganized the NCP to describe more accurately the sequence of
response actions, and incorporated changes based on program experience since
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the last revisions to the NCF. In addition, the Agency has improved project
and information management, automated analytical data transmission from the
contract laboratories, developed procedures and guidelines for program
operations, provided direct technical support to the states, and developed new
contracting mechanisms to ensure accelerated growth in site activities.
CERCLIS was implemented and provides the Agency with direct access to site-
related management data.
REMEDIAL SUPPORT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $137,330,100 for the Remedial Support
Program for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This represents
an increase of $1,965,200 over 1989. The majority of these resources support
remedial contract management activities, technical assistance for remedial
projects, and grants to states and local groups.
The Agency will proceed with the implementation of several management
initiatives related to the Remedial Program. The program will continue to
develop the diversified contracting strategy started in 1988 to enhance
competition and strengthen Regional responsibility and involvement in
contractor performance and evaluation. Initiatives to improve management of
programs such as the Contractor Support Program will also receive support.
Efforts to track site response progress will be enhanced as the program
increases its reliance on the CERCLIS as an efficient and effective program
management tool. The Agency will also continue to provide grants to local
interest groups through the Technical Assistance Grants Program, administer
Core Grants to the states, and monitor projects awaiting further remedial/
activity.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $135,364,900 for this program
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund Program. This program continues to
emphasize rapid decision making and a bias for action. Superfund actions are
being directed toward achieving and exceeding program targets. The program
encourages a balanced approach to site work, and provides technical assistance
to potentially responsible parties and states that assume responsibility for
remedial activities. States and Indian tribes are being consulted throughout
the project planning process as a primary means of ensuring an integrated and
coordinated program effort. The Agency also continues to fund Multi-Site
Cooperative Agreements.
The Agency is implementing the Alternative Remedial Contracts Strategy
(ARCS). The purpose of ARCS is to obtain project management and technical
services to support remedial response activities at NPL sites. The ARCS
Program is based upon the concept of performance incentives. Quality of work
performed on projects is directly related to the amount of future work received
as well as the level of fee awarded to contractors. Approximately 40 contracts
are being awarded during 1989.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated $56,943,100 from the Hazardous Substance'
Superfund Program. The ARCS Program was developed during 1988. ARCS contracts
include two categories of functional activity: site specific technical support
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and program management. The first category covers site specific project work
that is tasked by work assignment. Program management includes contract
management functions necessary to support multiple work assignments.
The Agency also provided support to the states through the Management
Assistance Program. The goal of this program is to improve state
administrative and financial programs. Training and outreach efforts have
increased to support the growing number of cooperative agreements.
Deficiencies in the hazardous waste disposal capacity assurances have been
addressed and assistance has been given for correction of the problems. The
Agency involved Federally recognized Indian tribes in hazardous waste
management activities by expanding outreach efforts to this population through
training on the Superfund Program.
In addition, the Agency developed the Superfund Memorandum of Agreement
(SMOA) and the Core Program Cooperative Agreement (CPCA) to ensure substantial
and meaningful involvement of states in the Superfund Program, as required by
SARA. The SMOA is an agreement between a state or an Indian tribe and a Region
that defines each party's roles and responsibilities in the implementation of
the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
(CERCLA) as amended. This agreement provides maximum flexibility to EPA and
the state/tribes in planning and implementing response activities, and
clarifies EPA and state roles and expectations. The CPCA provides funds to
conduct CERCLA activities not assigned to specific sites, but support a
state's Response Program. Participation in this process enhances states'
involvement in remedial activities and ensures that states have appropriate
management systems for financial control of CERCLA funds.
REMOVAL SUPPORT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $74,244,000 for the Removal Support Program
for the Hazardous Substance Superfund Appropriation. This represents an
increase of $5,215,000 from 1989. The majority of these resources are used to
manage removal contracts which provide on-site technical services. Additional
resources will support the emergency response operations of the Technical
Action Team (TAT) and the Emergency Response Cleanup Services (ERCS) contracts,
and an anticipated increase in the number of removal investigations.
In 1990, the Agency will continue to receive and screen hazardous
substance release notifications to determine what, if any, response is
required. These resources will provide policy direction and technical support
for Removal activities including the review of waiver requests from statutory
limitations. The program will remain in a steady state. No major changes in
policy are expected.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating $69,029,000 for the Removal Support
Program from the Hazardous Response Superfund appropriation. These resources
support 11,000 release notifications, 660 release investigations, and on-scene
monitoring of hazardous substances at 150 sites. In addition, the regulatory
and guidance framework are being completed for the Removal Program, including
use of revised removal authorities and promulgation of final regulations on
the notification, reportable quantities, and the designation of additional
hazardous substances. The program establishes reportable quantity (RQ) levels
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for extremely hazardous substances, publishes technical updates for some of the
RQs that have been promulgated, and implements the rules currently being
developed. In the vast majority of cases, the potentially responsible party
or state or local government will take the lead in addressing the problem. In
situations where more than one state is involved or where there is an unusually
complex problem, the Federal government will coordinate and fund the response.!
EPA and the U.S. Coast Guard will continue to maintain an emergency response
capability, including EPA's Environmental Response Team, comprised of Agency
employees with special engineering and scientific expertise. This inter-agency
relationship improves the Agency's ability to provide timely engineering and
scientific advice to Federal, state, and local officials during hazardous
substance response actions, and results in reliable and cost-effective
solutions to existing and potential environmental threats.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated $62,783,200 to the Removal Response Program
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. These resources were
used to conduct 700 release investigations, 8,992 release notifications, and
on-scene monitoring of hazardous substances at 150 sites. This program
provided administrative support personnel and training to assist OSCs in
managing removal actions. The program continued to pursue a diversified
contracting strategy, shifting contracting responsibilities to the Regions.
The program awarded six new Regional ERGS contracts bringing the total number
of contracts awarded to twelve. These awards increased the number of companies
participating in the Removal Program.
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Support
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Response - OW
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Response - OAR
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
$1,819.7 $2,092.9
TOTAL $1,819.7 $2,092.9
$2,178.5 $1,916.3
TOTAL $2,178.5 $1,916.3
$2,093.4 $2,173.7
$2,093.4 $2,173.7
$80.3
$80.3
$1,915.3 $3,102.2 $1,186.9
$1.915.3 $3,102.2 $1,186.9
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
$3,998.2 $4,009.2 $4,008.7 $5,275.9 $1,267.2
Hazardous Substance TOTAL $3,998.2 $4,009.2 $4,008.7 $5,275.9 $1,267.2
Response - Support .
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance
Response - OW
Hazardous Substance
Response - OAR
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
19.5
19.8
39.3
23.3
17.1
40.4
23.3
17.1
40.4
24.0
20.5
44.5
3.4
4.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance
Response - OW
Hazardous Substance
'Response - OAR
TOTAL WORKYEARS
21.6
21.9
43.5
24.0
18.0
42.0
24.0
18.0
42.0
24.0
20.5
44.5
2.5
2.5
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,275,900 supported by 44.5 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $1,267,200 and an increase of 2.5 total
workyears from 1989. All of the request will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE - OFFICE OF WATER
1990 Program Request
In 1990, the Agency requests a total of $2,173,700 supported by 24.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents an increase of $80,300 which reflects
increased personnel and support costs.
The Agency will continue to analyze samples of untreated wastewaters,
pretreated wastewaters, and pretreatment systems from ten Superfund sites that
discharge to Publicly-Owned Treatment Works (POTWs); five additional sites will
be sampled on an extended basis. Data from the samples will supplement and
expand existing data to characterize untreated Superfund site wastewaters, the
performance of on-site pretreatment systems, and the fate of pollutants in
POTWs receiving these wastewaters. The program will continue its treatability
studies of on-site pretreatment systems. In conjunction with ORD, the program
will continue to update, refine and test the PC-based treatability model to be
used by CERCLA site personnel, POTW operators and other pretreatment program
personnel to predict the fate of pollutants in POTWs. This new data will be
published in a final guidance manual.
Regions will continue to analyze the need for new or revised local limits
at those facilities identified as receiving CERCLA wastewaters. Approximately
30 such facilities will require efforts in this activity. Regions will
continue to review remedial action alternatives to ensure appropriate
technology and water quality considerations have been addressed. Regions will
continue to assess compliance where Superfund facilities have existing
discharges to surface waters.
The Regions will continue to review response actions to ensure that
applicable, relevant and appropriate drinking water standards are among the
benchmarks that are applied. Where Maximum Contaminant Levels (MGLs) or
Maximum Contaminant Level Goals (MCLGs) have not been established for a
particular contaminant, the Regions will provide assistance with toxicological
data. Once a site with a contaminated water supply has been selected for
inclusion on the National Priority List (NPL), the Regions will participate in
reviewing Remedial Investigations (RI), Feasibility Studies (FS), and in
preparing Records of Decision (ROD). These studies select and document the
response actions for contaminated water supplies and address the need to
provide alternate water supplies.
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The Regions, together with the states, will evaluate the effectiveness of
drinking water remedial actions and will provide oversight of drinking water
regulations to meet requirements under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA).
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,093,400 supported by 24.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
During 1989, the Agency is continuing its efforts to characterize
wastewater from Superfund sites. The Compatibility Analysis begun in 1987 is
being updated, as three additional sites are sampled and analyzed to expand the
data base on the treatment and characteristics of wastewater. In addition,
analytical methods and Quality Assurance/Quality Control procedures are being
developed as necessary.
Regions are continuing to review disposal alternatives and coordinate and
develop discharge controls for an expanded list of Superfund sites.
Additionally, they are participating in meetings to develop workplans for each
NPL site. The need for new or revised local limits will be analyzed at
approximately 50 facilities identified as receiving CERCLA wastewaters.
Regions are continuing to review remedial action alternatives to ensure that
they address water quality considerations. Compliance with imposed discharge
conditions is being assessed at locations where Superfund facilities discharge
into surface water.
The Regions are reviewing response actions to ensure that applicable,
relevant and appropriate drinking water standards are applied. They are also,
participating in the review of RI/FSs and in the preparation of RODs which'
document the final cleanup actions of contaminated water supplies, particularly
the need to provide alternate water supplies. Analytical information is being
provided for the feasibility study process which compares the
cost-effectiveness of remedial alternatives.
The Regions, together with the states, are evaluating the effectiveness of
drinking water remedial actions and providing oversight of drinking water
regulations to meet requirements under SDWA.
1988 Accomplishments .
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $1,819,700 supported by 21.6
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
During 1988, emphasis was placed on preparing guidance for the treatment
of Superfund wastes discharged into POTWs. EPA continued a limited collection
and analysis of technical information that characterizes wastewater from
Superfund sites. The Compatibility Analysis done in 1987 to determine
potential POTW interference levels for specific pollutants in wastewaters and
sludges was updated with three additional site studies.
The Regional review of disposal alternatives and/or coordination and
development of discharge controls was increased as response activities were
undertaken by EPA for an expanded list of Superfund sites. Assistance was
provided to POTWs for developing local limits and/or other control mechanisms
where such facilities received Superfund. wastewaters. Evaluations were
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required for existing discharges to ensure that such wastewaters were in
compliance with imposed discharge conditions.
Technical assistance was provided to state health officials on drinking
water concerns. Assistance was given in characterizing both the relative
health risk associated with the potential contamination of water supplies and
the need for remedial action.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE - OFFICE OF AIR AND RADIATION
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,102,200 supported by 20.5 total
workyears. This represents increases of $1,186,900 and 2.5 total workyears
from 1989. The increases will provide support for the development of interim
Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements (ARARS) for
radium/thorium/uranium contaminated sites; the continuation of the Volume
Reduction/Chemical Extraction (VORCE) pilot project; the collection, analysis,
and reporting of potentially radioactive samples, and site discovery
development. As part of the VORCE project, the Agency will construct a
treatability pilot plant at the Glen Ridge/Montclair site and complete soilwash
and chemical extractions at Ottawa, Illinois.
In 1990 the program will also continue to provide technical support for
addressing air quality problems associated with hazardous waste site clean-up
activities. This support includes the use of air quality models to determine
risks posed by air emissions from clean-up activities, and establishment of
temporary air monitoring networks around selected sites. The program will
evaluate potential disposal techniques and technology, and review remedial
action plans prior to implementation.
1989 Program
In 1989 The Agency is allocating $1,915,300 supported by 18.0 workyears to
complete the design of the Glen Ridge/Montclair pilot plant and initiate
evaluation of treatment technologies for mixed wastes. The EPA radiation
laboratories are analyzing each quarter a minimum of 700 samples that may be
radioactive. The Agency is also providing other technical support, including
air quality modeling and monitoring, for site clean-up activities. The program
is continuing to help assure that site decisions involving air pollution and
radiation contamination issues are consistent with air and radiation program
policies and regulations.
1988 Accomplishments .
In 1988 the Agency obligated $2,178,500 supported by 21.9 total workyears
for this program. .The program continued to provide training of Regional staff
and development of technical data and guidance to determine the air and
radiation impacts and remedial measures for Superfund sites. The radiation
laboratories continued to provide sample analysis.
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Interagency Superfund
Department of Health &
Human Services (ATSDR)
Hazardous Substance $42,999.9 $44,500.0 $44,500.0 $44,500.0
Superfund
TOTAL $42,999.9 $44,500.0 $44,500.0 $44,500.0
Interagency Superfund
Department of Health &
Human Services (NIEHS)
Hazardous Substance $28,915.0 $21,915.0 $21,915.0 $21,915.0
Superfund
TOTAL $28,915.0 $21,915.0 $21,915.0 $21,915.0
Interagency Superfund
United States Coast
Guard
Hazardous'Substance $3,027.6 $4,948.2 $4,948.2 $4,948.2
Superfund
TOTAL $3,027.6 $4,948.2 $4,948.2 $4,948.2
Interagency Superfund
Department of Justice
Hazardous Substance $16,373.0 $16,700.0 $16,700.0 $19,200.0 $2,500.0
Superfund
TOTAL $16,373.0 $16,700.0 $16,700.0 $19,200.0 $2,500.0
Interagency Superfund
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
Hazardous Substance $1,879.6 $1,879.6 $1,879.6
Superfund
TOTAL $1,879.6 $1,879.6 $1,879.6
Interagency Superfund
FEMA-Relocation
Hazardous Substance $2,784.0
Superfund
TOTAL $2,784.0
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Interagency Superfund
National Oceanic
& Atmospheric
Administration
Hazardous Substance $2,429.4 $2,280.1 $2,280.1 $2,280.1
Superfund
TOTAL $2,429.4 $2,280.1 $2,280.1 $2,280.1
Interagency Superfund
Department of the
Interior
Hazardous Substance $1,113.5 $1,253.5 $1,253.5 $1,253.5
Superfund
TOTAL $1,113.5 $1,253.5 $1,253.5 $1,253.5
Interagency Superfund
Occupational Safety &
Health Administration
Hazardous Substance $:380.9 $1,008.2 $1,008.2 $1,008.2
Superfund '
TOTAL $380.9 $1,008.2 $1,008.2 $1,008.2
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance $98,023.3 $94,484.6 $94,484.6 $96,984.6 $2,500,0
Superfund
Hazardous Substance TOTAL $98,023.3 $94,484.6 $94,484.6 $96,984.6 $2,500.0
Response - Interagency
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $96,984,600 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for Interagency activities in 1990, an increase of
$2,500,000 from 1989. The increase will be used for the Department of
Justice. The requested funding will also finance the on-going Superfund
program activities of the Department of Health and Human Services, United
States Coast Guard, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the
Department of the Interior, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, and the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration. These agencies and offices
request workyears in their own budget requests.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (HHS)
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $66,415,000 ($44,500,000 for the Agency for
Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and $21,915,000 for the National
Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)) from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for this program. This request represents no
increase over 1989 levels.
In 1990, ATSDR will continue to provide technical support and expertise as
required under the Comprehensive Emergency Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act (CERCLA), as amended, to protect public health and worker safety,
and to determine the toxicological and human health impacts associated with
hazardous substances. Emphasis will be placed on expanding state responsi-
bilities and involvement along with continuing efforts in the areas of health
assessments, toxicological profiles and registries, and health research.
In 1990, NIEHS will continue to provide for basic research and advanced or
graduate level training to increase the scientific understanding of the
relationships between exposure to hazardous substances and human health and the
environment. Four University-based grant projects inaugurated in 1987 will be
expanded to a total of 40 projects and six support core projects. These
grants include basic biomedical research studies and each will investigate new
and unique methodologies to measure exposure levels and the effects of exposure
in humans. Seventeen of the projects involve research in engineering, 13 are
hydrogeological in content, and six are ecologically oriented. The intent is
to award additional program grants to institutions with coordinated,
multicomponent, and interdisciplinary programs in the environmental and allied
sciences.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $66,415,000 ($44,500,000 for
ATSDR and $21,915,000 for NIEHS) from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation to this program.
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In 1989, ATSDR is overseeing an estimated 1,100 health assessments. These
health assessments are being carried out at National Priorities List (NPL)
sites, state non-NPL sites, and in response to citizens' petitions. ATSDR
continues to enhance and maintain toxicology data bases for chemicals generally
found at Superfund sites or encountered in emergency situations. In addition,|
ATSDR provides health assistance support for emergency responses in the form of
an estimated 1,000 health consultations. Through this process, ATSDR is
expanding state roles for routine concerns and/or on site consultations when
necessary. The listing of 100 additional toxic substances, required by the
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA), was published in
the Federal Register on October 20, 1988. ATSDR continues to maintain a
national registry of serious diseases and illnesses and of persons exposed to
toxic substances. This activity includes maintenance of current registries as
well as initiating and collecting data for seven new subregistries.
Further, ATSDR continues the implementation and refinement of the ATSDR
health research plan, including coordination of the plan with EPA and the
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. ATSDR is implementing
studies on birth defects and developmental disabilities. In addition, the
Dioxin Morbidity study is scheduled to be completed. The research agenda goal
to determine the levels of exposure that pose a significant threat to human
health is being finalized for 50 hazardous substances and proposed for an
additional 58. ATSDR provides support and technical assistance to the health
community by maintenance of automated directories and information systems such
as the Environmental Health Information Resources Directory. A second listing
of at least 100 additional substances is scheduled to be completed, as
required, by the end of 1989.
In 1989, NIEHS is proceeding with the training of workers, such as
laborers, emergency, responders, hazardous materials transporters, and
supervisors who are, or may be, engaged in activities related to hazardous
substance removal and containment. The eleven grants awarded in 1987 to train
workers and supervisors are being monitored for their efficiency and
effectiveness. Five of these grants targeted specific categories of workers on
a nationwide basis and six were aimed at consortiums of universities, state and
local agencies, or other non-profit organizations. Results from basic research
programs are issued annually by NIEHS at meetings of the Advisory Committee on
Hazardous Substances Research and Training. These meetings are attended by
representatives of private industry, government (Federal, state, and local),
and academia. Reports of research findings are also published in peer-reviewed
scientific journals. NIEHS continues to work in conjunction with the National
Institute of Occupational Safety and Health to provide short courses and
continuing education to state and local officials.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, $71,914,900 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation by HHS ($42,999,900 for ATSDR and $28,915,000 for NIEHS).
These resources enabled ATSDR to identify and rank the first 100 most
hazardous substances as required by CERCLA. The listing was published in the
Federal Register on April 17, 1987. Toxicological profiles for the first 25
substances are in final preparation. The second set of 25 profiles are in
preparation for release for public review and comment next month. Profiles are
being developed at a rate of at least 25 per year. ATSDR is required tot
conduct health assessments for all sites on the National Priorities List. As
of September 30, 1988, health assessments have been completed on 560 NPL sites.
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In 1988, NIEHS received supplemental applications from the four
universities that were awarded grants in 1987 to support programs of basic
biomedical research into the effects of hazardous substances on human health.
Each of these institutions has developed independent research projects that are
well integrated into the overall program. In addition, curricula has been
developed and pilot tested from the eleven grants awarded in 1987 that support
worker training and education. The curricula included initial and refresher
training courses in the management of hazardous substance-related emergencies
and long term responses by Federal, state, and local governments.
UNITED STATES COAST GUARD (USCC^
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,948,200 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for the USCG. This request represents no increase over
1989 levels.
In 1990, the USCG will continue to conduct removals and monitor non-
Federally funded removals in coastal areas. The USCG will proceed with its
efforts to reduce the occurrence and effects of releases of hazardous
substances by enforcing applicable sections of CERCLA, as amended. This will
encompass activities such as: issuing and checking Certificates of Financial
Responsibility; investigating spill reports; and determining potentially
responsible parties (PRPs) for penalty and liability assessment. The USCG
continues to provide an adequately equipped and properly trained workforce to
investigate releases of hazardous substances, and to monitor removal actions.
The USCG will continue to provide a central point for receiving reports of
releases of hazardous substances and for notifying -the predesignated Federal
on-scene coordinator and other appropriate governmental and/or private
entities.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,948,200 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for this program.
The USCG maintains the medical monitoring system to minimize the
possibility of any physical impairment or harmful effects to USCG enforcement
or response personnel from exposure to hazardous substances. The Coast Guard
maintains information systems for program management analysis and the necessary
chemical assessment data systems. An estimated 80 new chemicals are being
added to the Chemical Hazards Response Information System. USCG establishes
policies, plans, and training that aid on-scene coordinators in successfully
dealing with Superfund incidents.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, $3,027,600 was obligated from the Hazardous Substances Superfund
appropriation for USCG. These resources maintained safety equipment,
conducted response training for USCG personnel, upgraded the capabilities of
the National Response Center, and provided field data systems to support
response programs and minimize the possibility of harm to personnel from
exposure to hazardous substances.
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DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (DOJ)
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $19,200,000 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This request represents an increase of $2,500,000 for
DOJ's expanded Superfund caseload and the operation of a system which provides
automated data support for complex cases.
In 1990, DOJ will increase its support to EPA in reviewing negotiated
consent decrees, de •inlmis settlements, enforcement of information requests,
and an expanded docket of access cases. Civil penalties will be imposed in
instances where PRPs violate notification requirements, deny access to sites,
destroy records, violate financial responsibility regulations, or violate
administrative and judicial settlement agreements. Criminal cases will be
pursued and continued support will be provided to EPA's expanded cost recovery
efforts. DOJ will also defend the Agency against citizen suits, pre-
enforcement review cases, reimbursement claims, and challenges to EPA
administrative civil penalty decisions.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $16,700,000 from the
Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation for this program. DOJ is providing
civil and criminal enforcement litigation which includes: counseling on and
enforcing administrative orders; issuing warrants for entry; and instituting
suits to compel removal and remedial actions and to recover response costs
incurred by the Fund.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, $16,373,000 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation by DOJ. These resources were used for litigation and other
enforcement related activities. Key accomplishments included the filing of 29
settlement/injunctive (CERCLA Section 106) cases and 49 cost recovery (CERCLA
Section 107) cases. In addition to the cases filed, DOJ supported 42 Section
106 and 116 Section 107 on-going cases filed prior to 1988. DOJ also
concluded 18 Section 106 cases and 20 Section 107 cases by consent decrees.
FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY C-FEMA)
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,879,600 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for FEMA. This request represents no increase over
1989 levels.
Funds will be used to maintain local, state, and Federal emergency
preparedness and administrative support. Resources will continue to fund the
distribution of educational materials at state and local levels, and to support
the training and ' team building necessary to enhance specialized response
capabilities.
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1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,879,600 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation. FEMA is conducting permanent and temporary
relocation operations, providing general administrative support, and revising
relocation manuals and regulations as required. An additional coordinator has
been placed in one of the Regions to provide technical assistance to EPA and
the states. FEMA provides support management and coordination of training
programs for local officials through the Emergency Management Institute and the
National Fire Academy. Additional emphasis is being placed on delivery of the
Hazards Analysis course in the field and at Emmitsburg, Maryland, and also on
training by the Emergencies Management Institute. FEMA also provides technical
assistance to state and local governments through improved coordination with
the Regional Response Teams (RRT). The RRT are involved in all preparedness
activities, including contingency plan review, training support, planning
support for four Regional workshops, and exercise evaluations.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, $2,784,000 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
by FEMA, of which $1,130,000 supported temporary and permanent relocation.
Other resources were used to: (1) support FEMA's development of relocation
guidelines and regulations; (2) provide management oversight for temporary and
permanent relocations; (3) provide preparedness guidance and technical
assistance to state and local governments; (4) maintain the FEMA/Department Of
Transportation information exchange system; (5) enhance coordination of
hazardous materials issues with the public and private sector; (6) provide
continued support for National and Regional Response Teams (NRT/RRT)
initiatives; and (7) support the FEMA/EPA instructor exchange program. FEMA
also enhanced Knowledge, Skill, and .Abilities standards for instructors and
continued to deliver existing training systems at the state and local levels.
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION (NOAA)
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,280,100 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for NOAA. This request represents no increase over
1989 levels.
These resources will allow NOAA to continue its efforts to support: (1)
Federal on-scene coordinators' use of advanced emergency information technology
for response actions; (2) coastal resource coordination and hazardous waste
remedial support activities that ensure full compliance with CERCLA; and (3)
RRT contingency planning efforts.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating $2,280,100 from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for NOAA. These resources are supporting NOAA's
efforts to provide technical assistance to Federal on-scene coordinators for
releases of hazardous substances in coastal and marine areas. NOAA continues
to maintain the enhanced computer-based information CAMEO program which
combines meteorological and chemical-specific analytical data for emergency
response activities. In addition, NOAA furnishes technical support to EPA
during removal actions and evaluates the impact from releases of hazardous
substances on natural resources. It also acts as a technical liaison with EPA
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and other Federal, state, and local agencies on coastal resource issues of
common interest. Other services provided by NOAA are: technical support for
activities associated with hazardous waste site removal and remedial actions
affecting coastal and marine resources; and policy support to the NRT/RRT and
to state and local entities in the areas of contingency planning, community
relations, communications, preparedness evaluation, and training.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, $2,429,400 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation by NOAA. These resources were used to support training for the
scientific response team, to purchase and maintain protective equipment for
personnel, and to maintain field instrumentation. Funds were also used to
establish an Environmental Compliance Division in the Office of the Assistant
Secretary for Administration to develop policies and procedures to meet the
pollution control and mitigation requirements of CERCLA and related
environmental laws.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (DOT)
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,253,500 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for DOI. This request represents no increase over
1989 levels. These resources will be used to support DOI's core program in
response management and preparedness, and damage assessment capability.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,253,500 from the Hazarded
Substance Superfund appropriation for this program. DOI continues to
participate in NRT/RRT preparedness and training activities and to provide
direction, guidance, and coordination of scientific and natural resource
expertise in response to releases of hazardous substances at Superfund sites.
DOI is pursuing its efforts to provide guidance, consultation, technical
assistance, and .training to state and local governments on emergency
preparedness, response planning, and the implementation of response actions.
These efforts will be necessary to ensure that proper consideration is given to
natural resources in response activities. DOI also provides technical
assistance and review for damage assessments conducted by states and others to
ensure that natural resource losses can be compensated where eligible.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, $1,113,500 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
by DOI. These resources enabled DOI to participate in NRT/RRT preparedness and
training activities and to initiate its involvement in state and local
emergency preparedness and technical assistance to trustees of natural
resources.
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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION fOSHAl
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,008,200 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for OSHA. This request represents no increase over
1989 levels. The resources will allow OSHA to support technical assistance at
hazardous waste sites, worker safety inspections and enforcement at sites where
Superfund remedial actions are underway, and assistance to the NRT/RRT in
preparedness and training activities. Resources will be redirected from
inspections/enforcement to the areas of technical assistance, standards
development, and NRT/RRT support to provide EPA with a more balanced program.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,008,200 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation. Funds are being used to: conduct audits
and evaluations of safety plans, health plans, and work practices at Superfund
sites; provide sampling and laboratory analysis of hazards located at
approximately 100 sites to determine proper personnel protective equipment; and
provide technical assistance on worker safety and health issues, such as
revising the Hazardous Waste Referral Manual. OSHA conducts Federal
inspections at approximately 90 hazardous waste sites, including inspection of
the purchase and use of protective sampling and communications equipment for
personnel working at Superfund sites. OSHA also provides grants for a state
inspection program of approximately SO non-Federally inspected Superfund sites.
Funds are also applied to: support information sharing activities; assist in
review and development of contingency plans; participate in simulation
exercises; and assist in training activities. OSHA uses resources to develop
required standards for certification of training for employees engaged in
hazardous waste operations.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, $380,900 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation by OSHA. These funds were used to train OSHA inspectors,
maintain a special inspection program for Superfund sites, provide technical
assistance to EPA, provide support for the activities of the NRT/RRT, and
develop a required worker protection standard.
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Enforcement
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
SUPERFUND 14-1
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement. ...... 14-47
Hazardous Substance Technical Support - Office of Enforcementnt
and Compliance Monitoring 14-49
Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement 14-51
Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement. . . 14-53
Hazardous Substance Criminal Investigations 14-56
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response-Enforcement
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Technical Support -
Office of Enforcement
And Compliance
Monitoring
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Technical Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Legal Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Criminal Investigations
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
$8,595.1 $8,739.0 $8,739.0 $10,475.1 $1,736.1
i.
TOTAL $8,595.1 $8,739.0 $8,739.0 $10,475.1 $1,736.1
$84,535.2 $108,532.2 $92,804.3 $96,776.1 $3,971.8
TOTAL $84,535.2 $108,532.2 $92,804.3 $96,776.1 $3,971.8
$11,583.9 $13,685.3 $13,672.8 $14,865.6 $1,192.8
TOTAL $11,583.9 $13,685.3 $13,672.8 $14,865.6 $1,192.8
$1,378.5 $1,592.9 $1,592.9 $1,592.9
TOTAL $1,378.5 $1,592.9 $1,592.9 $1,592.9
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
$106,092.7 $132,549.4 $116,809.0 $123,709.7 $6,900.7
Hazardous Substance TOTAL $106,092.7 $132,549.4 $116,809.0 $123,709.7 $6,900.7
Response-Enforcement
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response-Enforcement
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Technical Support -
Office of Enforcement
And Compliance
Monitoring
Hazardous Substance
Technical Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
Legal Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
Criminal Investigations
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
37.9
594.0
19.8
45.5
706.2
17.3
45.5
613.5
197.9 263.1 262.8
17.3
45.5
735.9
280.5
17.3
849.6 1,032.1 939.1 1,079.2
122.4
17.7
140.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance
Technical Support -
Office of Enforcement
And Compliance
Monitoring
Hazardous Substance
Technical Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
Legal Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
Criminal Investigations
TOTAL WORKYEARS
40.4
45.5
45.5
45.5
640.5
227 .4
20.1
744.4
277.5
17.3
651.7
277.2
17.3
735.9
280.5
17.3
84.2
3.3
928.4 1,084.7 991.7 1,079.2
87.5
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $123,709,700 supported by 1,079.2 total
workyears for 1990 for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation for
technical, administrative, and legal enforcement activities. This represents
an increase of $6,900,700 and 87.5 total workyears from 1989. The increase
reflects expanded efforts to execute interagency agreements with other Federal
agencies to remediate sites owned or operated by those agencies, to secure
potentially responsible party (PRP) site remediation and to pursue recovery of
Federal and state costs from responsible parties.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE TECHNICAL SUPPORT ,
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,475,100 supported by 45.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This $1,736,100 increase from 1989 will support
expanded evidence* audit activities and cover increases in personnel and support
costs. There is no change in total workyears.
In 1990, the National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) will
continue to provide its full range of support services, which were expanded in
1988 in response to the demands of SARA. Areas of continuing emphasis will
include:
b Responsible Party Searches - The substantial increase in emphasis on
negotiation will make early comprehensive searches much more important.
NEIC provides a major resource to the Regions in automated data base
analysis for corporate histories and chains of ownership.
o Nonbinding Preliminary Allocations of Responsibility and De Minimis
Settlements - These two new areas will use NEIC's unique information
retrieval systems and technical analysis skills to assess the source
and character of hazardous wastes involved in the allocation process
and to support complex settlements involving de minimis parties.
o Section 106 and 107 Judicial Actions - NEIC will continue to provide
analytical expertise in developing judicial cases and supporting
complex expert testimony needs through to completion. Increased
evidence audit support will assure ready access to records relating to
particular sites, so that accurate citations can be ensured as the
number of actions being prepared for litigation for remedy or cost
recovery increases.
o Criminal Referrals Under Section 103 - These areas, will continue to be
emphasized as a result of the significant increase in criminal
enforcement authorities.
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o Negotiation for Response at Federal Facility Sites - NEIC will support
the increased emphasis on negotiating agreements with other Federal
agencies for response actions at sites owned or operated by those
agencies.
This program will also continue to conduct field investigations in
support of case development, provide laboratory analysis (including ground-
water sample analysis), provide technical testimony, negotiate technical
aspects of key consent decrees, ensure evidence audit quality control, and
provide for the safe disposal of hazardous waste material gathered during
criminal investigation.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,739,000 supported by 45.5
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
As a result of Superfund reauthorization, the technical support program
at NEIC is responding to a growing demand for services. This is due primarily
to three factors: growth in the size of the'National Priority List (NPL) which
increases demand for the special environmental monitoring work at which NEIC is
expert; growth in levels of enforcement-related activities in areas which have
historically demanded NEIC support; and the introduction of several new areas
of responsibility which NEIC is particularly well qualified to handle. These
include work related to non-binding preliminary allocations of responsibility,
de nininis settlements, and Federal facility sites. In addition, laboratory
and technical support work due to changes in the criminal provisions of the
statute will see expanded activity. Evidence audit control processes are
being continued to ensure effective preparation for litigation.
In areas of special sensitivity, such as criminal case management or
Federal facility enforcement, NEIC is able to provide high caliber staff
expertise without the risk of conflict of interest which might be inherent in
the use of contractor staff. The NEIC also protects the Agency's interests by
continuing to audit contract laboratories.
1988 Accomplishments -
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $8,595,100 supported by 40.4
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. •
In 1988, NEIC supported new and ongoing civil and criminal judicial
enforcement actions, handled requests for computerized information system
searches for data relating to responsible parties and sites, conducted quality
assurance inspections at contract laboratories, and participated in several
major environmental assessment projects. Major laboratory support was provided
to the Regions and Headquarters for analysis of hazardous waste samples. In
addition, NEIC has supported evidence audit and computerized file development
projects as well as training, placement and oversight of contractor evidence
audit personnel in each Region. NEIC continued to provide extensive technical
assistance to EPA and state laboratories in the following areas: analytical
procedures; preparation and handling of high hazard samples; disposal of
hazardous laboratory wastes; shipping and safety procedures; protection and]
restoration plans; and site investigations and safety procedures. The NEIC
also continued its in-depth studies of chemical hazards to laboratory and field
personnel engaged in hazardous waste investigations.
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE TECHNICAL ENFORCEMENT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $96,776,100 supported by 735.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This reflects an increase of $3,971,800 and 84.2
total workyears to support an increased number of negotiations at Federal
Facilities for the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act (CERCLA) Section 120 interagency agreements, increased support
for state-lead enforcement, and a focus on remedial design/remedial actions
negotiations to achieve potentially responsible parties (PRPs) response.
The largest area of growth in the program is the Federal Facility program.
It is estimated that over 200 Federal Facilities will be on the final National
Priorities List (NPL) or in the scoring pipeline in 1990. All of these
facilities will require Section 120 Interagency Agreements (lAGs). lAGs are
enforceable agreements for conducting remedial investigation/feasibility study
(RI/FS) and remedial actions requiring significant participation by a state,
EPA, and, primarily, the other Federal agency. Given the size and complexity
of many Federal facilities and the Agency's experience in the hazardous waste
field, EPA's role is crucial to the long-term remediation of these facilities.
The Technical Enforcement effort in 1990 will focus on providing the
administrative and judicial support to ensure PRP response actions, and on
managing an expanding remedial enforcement pipeline of sites already underway.
This will be the first year that the number of PRP first remedial starts exceed
EPA fund-financed starts. This reflects the Agency's success in negotiating
for greater involvement of PRPs in the remedial process. The enforcement
program will oversee PRP conduct of the engineering phase of the process the
RI/FS, and will negotiate Consent Decrees for the remedial design and remedial
action phases which include explicit project milestones as well as provisions
for collection of stipulated penalties and dispute resolution in case the PRP
fail to meet their commitments.
The program will encourage settlements with PRPs through the use of de
minimis and mixed funding settlements. Where settlements are not achieved, the
program will swiftly pursue litigation for injunctive relief. Particular
attention will be given to non-settlers in mixed funding situations. Another
area of major emphasis of the Technical Enforcement program will be an
aggressive cost recovery effort. The Agency will be increasing enforcement
activity for litigation and settlement of cases to recover Trust Fund
expenditures at sites where Fund-financed remedial response has occurred.
The program will build on legal precedent and negotiation experience to
design more effective strategies for securing PRP response. Guidance documents
will be revised to improve settlement incentive strategies, PRP oversight
policies, and state enforcement policies. In addition, guidance on state-
Federal cooperative agreements will be completed. More effective use will be
made of integrated information systems to better plan negotiation and
litigation strategy. The Agency will provide support to states to assist them
with state enforcement actions at NPL sites and to ensure that site deletion
from the NPL is in accordance with the National Contingency Plan (NCP). In
addition, the program will target support to a small number of criminal
enforcement actions designed to deter deliberate violations of the law,
particularly in such critical areas as records management and release
reporting.
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1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $92,804,300 supported by
651.7 total workyears, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation, to secure and oversee responsible party response actions at NPLi
and other priority sites and to pursue cost recovery actions.
EPA has responsibility for selecting site remedies for the PRP-financed
studies. Procedures for maintaining the administrative record have been
developed to ensure that the remedy selected at these sites is consistent with
the NCP.
As the RI/FS process draws to a conclusion, negotiations with PRPs for
implementation of the remedy are vigorously pursued. De minimis and mixed
funding settlements figure prominently as incentives for settlement, coupled
with aggressive pursuit of non-settlers. In cases where a settlement is not
reached, the Agency is pursuing litigation to compel PRPs to undertake
remedial design and remedial action. The Agency is also making effective use
of unilateral administrative orders and their commensurate treble damages to
compel PRP response.
In addition to selecting site remedies and negotiating with PRPs, the
program is ensuring compliance by PRPs with agreed upon response activities at
sites where a settlement has been reached and work is underway. Additional
enforcement action will be taken when required, assessing stipulated penalties
or conducting alternative dispute resolution at those sites where the PRPs fall
out of compliance with the order or consent decree. Oversight costs will be
included in Response Agreements at all PRP-financed sites.
Where Fund-financed action has been undertaken, the program is pursuing I
administrative or judicial cost recovery actions. The growth in the cost
recovery program is in the area of remedial cost recovery as Fund-financed
actions are completed. Cost recovery action will be pursued against non-
settlers, which increases the risk for PRPs. Civil investigators are being
hired to develop evidence to support enforcement action against recalcitrants,
in litigation, settlements, and in cost recovery cases.
The program plans to enter into Federal Facility lAGs as well as continue
oversight of ongoing Federal Facility responses. EPA must review and concur on
the selection of remedy at Federal Facilities. Early involvement by EPA at the
RI/FS stage prevents delays in the approval of the Record of Decision. EPA
must ensure public participation; EPA also ensures state involvement in the
process. In addition to those sites where lAGs are planned, the Agency is
working with other Federal agencies where remedial studies are underway.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated $84,535,200 and used 640.5 total workyears,
all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
Major efforts were initiated to implement the provisions of SARA. The
Agency completed: 1) the Enforcement guidance for implementing the revised
NCP; 2) the national Cost Recovery Strategy; 3) de minimis and mixed funding
guidance; and 4) the state enforcement strategy. These strategies will
encourage PRP settlements and provide more definitive guidance to the states so I
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that they can effectively use their state authorities to compel PRP response.
In addition to these guidance documents and strategies, the Agency took steps
to improve the management and information systems that monitor and evaluate
programmatic achievements.
This was an important year for PRP response actions as a result of
continued enforcement efforts. PRPs are taking an increasingly active role in
site response. PRPs conducted, and the Agency provided oversight of,
approximately half of the RI/FS initiated in 1988. The program also concluded
RD/RA negotiations at NPL sites and referred settlement cases to the Department
of Justice (DOJ) for entering in the courts. Mixed funding agreements and de
minimis authorities have provided incentives to settlement. In addition, the
program ensured that negotiated removal actions conducted by PRPs met Agency
standards.
The Federal Facility Task Force developed policy and implementation
procedures for Section 120 provisions of SARA. The Task Force also distributed
boiler plate agreements negotiated with the Department of Defense and
Department of Energy for Regional use at sites owned or operated by these
agencies.
The Agency continued cost recovery efforts, referring both remedial and
removal cases to DOJ. The Agency recovered $55.6 million in 1988, exceeding
Agency estimates by 6 percent. This was triple the dollars recovered in 1987.
Program-to-date, the Agency has collected almost $105 million. There also was
a substantial administrative caseload for cost recovery, including cases under
the new arbitration regulations.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LEGAL ENFORCEMENT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,865,600 supported by 280.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,192,800 and an
increase of 3.3 total workyears from 1989. This increase reflects not only
the cost of the added workyears but also increased personnel and support costs.
The increase in workyears reflects greater legal support to ongoing civil
judicial cases, particularly for cost recovery actions.
Federal legal enforcement work will continue to fall into two major
categories: (1) actions to secure privately-financed site cleanups and (2)
"cost recovery" actions to recoup Hazardous Substance Trust Fund dollars
actually expended in Fund-financed cleanups. Aggressive enforcement actions to
secure privately-financed cleanups will be a high priority. These actions will
allow the Agency to focus Fund resources on abandoned sites or sites with
insolvent responsible parties where direct use of the Fund presents the only
available response option. "Cost Recovery" actions return monies to the Trust
Fund and permit the Agency to address a larger number of sites.
Headquarters staff will continue to serve in two distinct but related
capacities. The first is the development of national policy and guidance on
issues which require clarification and resolution to ensure a nationally
uniform approach. Continued implementation of SARA by the program office will
require development of policy and guidance to address new issues as they
arise. In addition, policies developed early in the CERCLA program and those
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developed soon after SARA was enacted were, of necessity, general in nature,
and will need major revisions based on case-specific applications. Finally,
revised guidance will often be necessary to incorporate lessons learned during
management reviews of overall program performance.
The second Headquarters role is that of litigation support. Although the
trend in CERCLA will be to decrease Headquarters participation in routine
litigation management, this objective will be counterbalanced by the
anticipated growth in the number of precedent-setting actions expected to be
litigated in 1990. Two important criteria for Headquarters involvement will be
the need for special subject-matter expertise that has been developed in
Headquarters, and case-by-case assistance on specialized, complex or resource
intensive lawsuits as requested by the Regions. Headquarters staff will also
provide a focal point for exchange of ideas and strategies useful for
particularly complex cases or in cases where responsible parties are
particularly recalcitrant. Headquarters will be particularly active in case
development for Section 106 actions, in serving as the EPA lead for developing
amicus briefs for a growing number of private contribution suits which can set
important legal precedents affecting Federal enforcement, and in such
relatively new areas as enforcement of information requests.
Headquarters staff will continue to provide technical assistance and
training for new regional and state personnel and on-site technical assistance
as new issues surface. Here the clearinghouse services of Headquarters will be
extremely useful in getting information out to all parties.
Regional legal enforcement will continue to reflect the emphasis of SARA
on negotiation with potentially responsible parties (PRPs), mandatory schedules
for dealing with sites on the National Priorities List (NPL), substantial
public participation, and the introduction of new enforcement remedies. These!
emphases require a dramatic expansion in regional legal enforcement work in
1989, which is expected to continue in 1990. Areas of intense regional legal
effort required or emphasized by the new legislation will continue to include
the following:
o Records of Decision (RODs) and the supporting administrative records
must be able to withstand court scrutiny when PRPs challenge respon-
sibility to conduct- remedial action and/or respond to cost recovery
claims. Strong legal support is needed to ensure that these RODs are
legally sufficient and supported by adequate documentation.
o De Minimis Settlements require legal involvement to ensure that they
are appropriately handled, particularly with respect to subsequent
negotiations.
o Consent Decrees are now required to codify successful completion of
negotiations with PRP's to conduct a remedial action. This process can
be more complex than the former alternative of administrative
resolution.
o Administrative Orders for remedial investigations and feasibility
studies are important legal documents that must be negotiated and
reviewed by the regional legal staff.
o Use of Administrative or Civil Judicial Remedies for Reportable-
Quantity Violations will result in legal enforcement activity in an
area where formerly only criminal remedies were available.
14-54
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o Emergence of Federal facilities as an important subject of EPA
attention will demand energetic legal participation in the negotiation
of implementable agreements.
Because of the preeminence of negotiation, legal enforcement resources
will continue to be involved early in the enforcement decision-making process.
In addition, the requirement for active state participation and renewed
emphasis on public participation will complicate all legal action. Legal
enforcement resources will also be responding to a steady growth in the NPL.
Substantial emphasis will be placed on cost recovery actions, particularly
those begun in prior years.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $13,672,800 supported by
277.2 total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation.
Legal work is continuing on a number of landmark CERCLA cases. The
importance of intense legal involvement early in enforcement actions to achieve
maximum environmental benefit is recognized by identification of intermediate
steps in the enforcement process, careful linking of outputs to CERCLA
technical enforcement projections, and estimation of the degree of legal input
at each stage. In 1989, a large proportion of regional legal resources are
being utilized in negotiation with responsible parties and in administrative
enforcement. This shift of legal staff attention to earlier stages in the
enforcement process should prove cost-effective by reducing the need for
protracted judicial litigation. Civil judicial referrals are used primarily to
secure potentially responsible party cleanup and for larger cost recovery
actions.
Headquarters support for judicial enforcement remains essential as the
Agency establishes precedents with new types of enforcement activity such as
civil remedies for reportable quantity violations. In addition, policy
development and guidance work is underway in the areas of landowner liability,
stipulated penalties, administrative penalty procedures, arbitration
regulations, and the Section 106 strategy. Development of these policies is
needed to effectively implement SARA.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated $11,583,900 supported by 227.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
In 1988, Headquarters and Regional attorneys contributed valuable legal
support to the best year ever for enforcement with PRP settlements. The 1988
totals for removals (85), remedial investigations/feasibility studies (RI/FS)
(74), and remedial design/remedial actions (RD/RA) (55), were nearly 50% of
total activity levels in the period 1981-1987.
In 1988, Headquarters staff provided significant support to negotiations
and trial preparation for cases such as Stringfellow. Love Canal. and Cannon
Engineering. A summary judgement on liability was obtained against Occidental
in the Love Canal case, clearing the way for cost recovery litigation in 1989.
14-55
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During 1988, Headquarters developed guidance to assist in implementation
of SARA provisions (e.g., (de minimis settlements. access to sites, information
gathering through request Uetters and subpoenas, etc.) which vill improve the
consistency of Federal Superfund enforcement actions. Substantial resources
were also used to participate in the NCP revisions. In addition to on-site
consultation, technical assistance efforts included development of an
model for calculation of interest payable by defendants in cost recovery
and establishment of an automated, key worded full text library of model CERCLA
consent decrees.
A Headquarters, Regional and DOJ task force has been formed with the goal
of streamlining the civil judicial enforcement process, concentrating on
identifying settlement incentives and disincentives, and suggesting policies
and procedures to enhance the use of various enforcement tools to encourage
/settlements. Regional work continued on landmark CERCLA cases, such as Royal
C. Hardage. Love Canal. Monsanto (S.C.R.D.I). Strlngfellow. Thomas Solvent.
Ottati and Coss. and Western Processing. Significant legal support was
devoted to preliminary enforcement activity and administrative enforcement.
Civil Judicial referrals and follow through continued to demand significant
regional legal support.
During 1988, noteworthy settlements were reached with Conservation
Chemical. Texas Eastern, and Seymour Recycling. A precedent setting bankruptcy
settlement was reached with Smith International, a case involving a large
multi-generator site where a significant dollar settlement was achieved. In
addition, major progress was made at several Cannons Engineering sites in
Region I. The Agency initiated and implemented a strategic enforcement plan
intended to obtain full site cleanup and reimbursement of response costs from a
large number of parties responsible for four different but related sites.
Under the settlement obtained, the large volume PRP generators agreed /
undertake several of the site cleanups and reimburse a significant amount
past costs; the de minimis parties agreed, in three separate settlements, to
pay money to be used for site cleanup and for reimbursement of the government's
costs. By adding premiums to the later settlements, the de minimis agreements
were structured in a manner that encouraged PRPs to sign up early in the
negotiation process. To encourage early settlement in other cases, the Agency
is also pursuing the recalcitrant PRPs for the remaining costs incurred and to
be incurred. In taking these actions, the Region has utilized well the
enforcement and settlement tools available under CERCLA.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS
1990 Program Request .
The Agency requests a total of $1,592,900 supported by 17.3 total
vorkyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents no change in dollars or total
workyears from 1989.
SARA contains a number of significant provisions which will improve the
effectiveness of the Agency's Criminal Enforcement Program. Existing criminal
sanctions (for failure to report releases of hazardous substances, and for
submitting false information in a claim) have been raised from misdemeanor,
felony-level, punishable by a maximum of three years imprisonment. SARA al
establishes a citizen award program to pay cash awards to .citizens providing
EPA with information on criminal violations. Because of these changes,
criminal enforcement activity is expected to continue at the increased levels
14-56
-------
experienced in 1988 and 1989. Referral and indictaent activity vill increase
in complexity as veil. The substantial growth in the number of NFL sites has
increased the temptation to avoid liability by falsifying documents. Improve-
ments in staff capabilities through training and development of relevant
automated information systems vill assist investigators in responding to the
increase in complexity.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,592,900 supported by 17.3
total vorkyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
As discussed above, 1989 criminal investigative activity is responding to
an increase in volume and complexity of Superfund-related issues. With
aggressive use of the more severe SARA sanctions, the regulated community is
expected to become more avare of the penalties associated with submission of
false information. In 1989, the clear establishment of the Agency's deterrent
message on these important concerns is being made through an increase in
investigative activity. However, because prosecutions are frequently combined
with counts under other statutory authorities, CERCLA output data taken alone
do not accurately reflect the amount of effort expended.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $1,378,500 supported by 20.1
total vorkyears, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation.
Investigative resources were devoted to implementation of the expanded
enforcement authorities under SARA, linked, as appropriate, to other statutory
enforcement actions for maximum impact.
14-57
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Management and
Support
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
SUPERFUND ' 14-1
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Hazardous Substance Management and Support. ..... 14*58
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Headquarters 14-64
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Regions .14-65
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters . . 14-65
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Regions 14-66
Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants
Management - Headquarters 14-67
Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants
Management - Regions . 14-68
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Headquarters 14-68
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Regions . . . . . . . . . 14-69
Hazardous Substance Computer Services. ...... 14-69
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Headquarters. ....... 14-70
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Regions . . . 14-70
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Inspector General 14-71
Hazardous Substance - Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation. 14-72
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Comptroller. 14-74
Hazardous Substance - Office of External Affairs 14-74
Hazardous Substance - Executive Offices. ... 14-75
Hazardous Substance - Office of Research
and Development - Lab Support. ...... 14-76
-------
SUPERFUND
Management and Support
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management - Regions
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
$6,535.7 $9,284.3 $16,284.3
TOTAL $6,535.7 $9,284.3 $16,284.3
$3,648.8 $6,171.8 $6,172.5
TOTAL $3,648.8 $6,171.8 $6,172.5
$13,320.9 $13,668.1 $13,672.1
TOTAL $13,320.9 $13,668.1 $13,672.1
$3,250.8 $2,925.3 $3,434.9
TOTAL $3,250.8 $2,925.3 $3,434.9
$9,364.3
$9,364.3
$6,239.0
$6,239.0
$4,093.9
$4,093.9
$2,642.9
$2,642.9
-$6,920.0
•$6,920.0
$66.5
$66.5
-$9,578,2
•$9,578.2
-$792.0
-$792.0
Hazardous Substance
Contracts and Grants
Management
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
TOTAL
$10,281.2 $10,281.2
$10,281.2 $10,281.2
14-58
-------
SUPERFUND
Management and Support
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Contracts and Grants
Management - Regions
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Support Services
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
TOTAL
$1,932.0
$1,932.0
$22,750.0 $30,447.7 $30,447.7 $32,996.9
TOTAL $22,750.0 $30,447,7 $30,447.7 $32,996.9
$1,932.0
$1,932.0
$2,549.2
$2,549.2
Hazardous Substance
Support Services
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
$15,084.3 $14,931.4 $15,267.2 $14,965.5 -$301.7
TOTAL $15,084.3 $14,931.4 $15,267.2 $14,965.5 -$301.7
Hazardous Substance
Computer Services
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
$5,872.2 $7,247.7 $7,247.7 $10,279.8 $3,032.1
TOTAL $5,872.2 $7,247.7 $7,247.7 $10,279.8 $3,032.1
TOTAL
$866.6
$866.6
$756.0
$756.0
$756.0
$756.0
$816.0
$816.0
$60.0
$60.0
$949.9 $1,162.8 $1,162.8 $1,162,8
TOTAL $949.9 $1,162.8 $1,162.8 $1,162.8
14-59
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SUPERFUND
Management and Support
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
Hazardous Substance
Office of the Inspector
General
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
TOTAL
Hazardous Substance
Office of the
Inspector General
Office of the
Inspector General
TOTAL
Hazardous Substance
Office of Policy,
Planning And Evaluation
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
$6,285.1
$6,285.1
TOTAL
$4,315.5
$4,315.5
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$6,896.1 $6,896.1
$6,896.1 $6,896.1
$3,433.5 $3,433.5 $3,433.5
$3,433.5 $3,433.5 $3,433.5
-$6,896.1
-$6,896.1
$10,316.9 $10,316.9
$10,316.9 $10,316.9
Hazardous Substance
Office of the
Comptroller
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Office of External
Affairs
Hazardous Substance
Superfund .
Hazardous Substance
Executive Offices
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
TOTAL
TOTAL
$843.5 $944.0 $944.0 $1,064.0 $120.0
$843.5 $944.0 $944.0 $1,064.0 $120.0
$111.6
$111.6
$202.5
$202.5
$202.5
$202.5
$202.5
$202.5
TOTAL
$401.0
$401.0
$401.0
$401.0
$401.0
$401.0
14-60
-------
SUPERFUND
Management and Support
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
Hazardous Substance
Office of Research and
Development - Lab
Support
Hazardous Substance $215.9
Superfund
TOTAL $215.9
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$250 .0 $250.0 $450.0
$250.0 $250.0 $450.0
$200.0
$200.0
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance $84,050.8 $98,722.2 $106,572.3 $100,325.3 -$6,247.0
Superfund
Office of the $10,316.9 $10,316.9
Inspector General
Management and Support TOTAL $84,050.8 $98,722.2 $106,572.3 $110,642.2 $4,069.9
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance 50.8 53.0 53.0 54.4 1.4
Financial Management
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance 72.5 90.2 90.2 95.9 5.7
Financial Management
Regions
Hazardous Substance 145.1 172.3 159.3 54.7 -104.6
Administrative
Management .
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance 76.3 66.6 78.3 55.8 -22.5
Administrative
Management - Regions
Hazardous Substance 124.6 124.6
Contracts and Grants
Management
Headquarters
14--61 .
-------
ACTUAL
1988
SUPERFUND
Management and Support
ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
Hazardous Substance
Contracts and Grants
Management - Regions
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Office of the Inspector
General
Hazardous Substance
Office of Policy,
Planning And Evaluation
Hazardous Substance
Office of the
Comptroller
Hazardous Substance
Office of External
Affairs
9.8
21.6
52.3
8.3
10.7
1.8
11.0
24.7
52.8
10.0
11.9
3.0
10.9
24.7
52.8
10.0
11.9
3.0
46.0
12.0
25.9
67.8
12.8
13.9
3.0
46.0
1.1
1.2
15.0
2.8
2.0
Hazardous Substance
Executive Offices
1.0
1.0
1.0
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
449.2 496.5 495.1
567.8
72.7
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management
Regions
51.6
78.2
53.0
96.0
53.0
95.9
54.4
95.9
1.4
14-62
-------
ACTUAL
1988
SUPERFUND
Management and Support
ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management - Regions
Hazardous Substance
Contracts and Grants
Management
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Contracts and Grants
Management - Regions
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Office of the Inspector
General
Hazardous Substance
Office of Policy,
Planning And Evaluation
Hazardous Substance
Office of the
Comptroller
Hazardous Substance
Office of External
Affairs
151.9
172.3
159.3
54.7
-104.6
89.3
10.0
25.1
52.6
11.7
10.7
1.8
71.1
11.0
25.9
52.8
12.8
11.9
3.0
82.8
10.9
25.9
52.8
12.8
11.9
3.0
55.8
124.6
46.0
12.0
25.9
67.8
12.8
13.9
3.0
-27.0
124.6
46.0
1.1
15.0
2.0
Hazardous Substance
Executive Offices
1.0
1.0
1.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
482.9
510.8
509.3
567.8
58.5
14-63
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Management and Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $110,642,200 supported by 567.8 total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $4,069,900 and 58.5 total workyears from
1989. All of the request will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,364,300 supported by 54.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents a decrease of $6,920,000 and an
increase of 1.4 total workyears from 1989. This will provide for the
implementation and maintenance of an automated nationwide document storage and
retrieval system and an increased cost recovery program. The decrease in
dollars requested reflects the purchase of the system in 1989.
The program will continue to provide the level of Headquarters financial
management support necessary to ensure the integrity of Superfund site-specific
cost accounting data. This encompasses the review and reconciliation of Head-
quarters site-specific documents as they are being processed to assure that the
information is accurate as well as to assure that it is entered into the
Financial Management System accurately. It also includes monitoring of
Headquarters costs charged to site-specific accounts by EPA employees, other
Federal agencies, State and local governments, and commercial entities to
ensure that amounts are properly documented and within budget. The program
will also calculate and apply indirect cost rates to assure that full Agency
costs are charged to sites and claimed in cost recovery actions. In addition,
the program will provide for basic financial services including payroll
support, invoice and voucher processing, reports preparation, and funds control
for Headquarters.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $16,284,300 supported by 53.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Response Superfund appropriation. These resources provide for the purchase of
an automated document collection and retrieval system that is necessary to
maintain pace with the increased requests for cost documentation. These
resources also provide for the establishment of current cost documentation
files in Headquarters so that costs claimed in cost recovery litigation can be
supported immediately. This is particularly important in bankruptcy cases where
time is of the essence. In the past, an extensive manual file search has been
necessary to gather documents that support costs being claimed. In addition,
these resources provide for an enhanced level of review and reconciliation to
insure the integrity of Headquarters charges posted against site-specific
accounts in the Financial Management System as well as providing for basic
financial services to an expanding Superfund program.
14-64
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1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $6,535,700 supported by 51.6
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. These resources provided for site-specific accounting
support arid preparation of cost recovery documentation. Also provided were
basic financial services for the Superfund program such as payroll'and invoice
processing.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,239,000 supported by 95.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents an increase of $66,500 and no change
in total workyears from 1989. This will provide for the collection and
verification of regional cost documentation and the reconciliation of these
documents with the Financial Management System on a current basis. This will
be done by establishing a cost documentation file in each region as costs are
incurred rather than gathering documentation at a later date. This will allow
us to respond immediately with documentation for bankruptcy cases where time is
of the essence as well as assure that all documents needed for protracted
negotiation or litigation are available when requested. Resources will also
provide for the review of State accounting systems and for support to assure
that State systems adequately document expenditures of Federal assistance so
that they too can be recovered from responsible parties. Also included are
resources necessary to provide basic financial services to the regional
Superfund program for payroll and voucher processing, funds control and
reporting for management and program purposes.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,172,500 supported by 95.9
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. These resources support the enhanced regional
Superfund financial activities, specifically the cost documentation file and
the State accounting systems described above.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $3,648,800 supported by 78.2
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. With these resources, the regional financial
management offices provided site-specific accounting support and gathered
regional cost documentation as requested by regional counsel when cases entered
the negotiation or litigation phases. Also provided were basic financial
services for the regional Superfund program, such as payroll and invoice
processing and reporting.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,093,900 supported by 54.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents a decrease of $9,578,200 and 104.6
14-65
-------
total workyears from 1989. The reduction in resources reflects the transfer of
Contracts and Grants workyears to a new program element in FY 1990, Hazardous
Substance - Contracts and Grants, Headquarters. We will continue to effectively
manage automated systems, provide recruitment, staffing, training/development,
workforce planning, management and organizational analysis, and classification
activities and provide sufficient facilities management to support the overall
Superfund program. We will develop health and safety training courses,
implement specialized medical monitoring programs, and verify through technical
support and environmental audits that Superfund waste handled by EPA
laboratories is disposed in accordance with the off-site disposal requirements
of the statute. A regional contract for Superfund waste disposal at EPA
laboratories is anticipated.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $13,672,100 supported by
159.3 total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous
Substance Response Superfund appropriation. These resources enable the program
to provide centralized administrative and management services to Superfund
activities. In 1989, emphasis will be on awarding and managing increasing
numbers of contracts, grants, cooperative and interagency agreements. Special
emphasis will be placed on oversight of grants activities and developing
guidance for more complex cooperative agreements and new program grants.
Another priority is to provide for the intense and specialized training needs
of Superfund employees, and to provide management and organizational analysis
to strengthen Superfund management processes. These resources will provide
technical support, guidance, training, and oversight to ensure that Superfund
waste from EPA labs is properly managed; We also plan to create a database on
protective clothing to enhance the health and safety of our employees.
Resources are used to revise or develop information systems including systems
to track hazardous substance releases at Federal Facilities, and the
administrative/financial systems used to manage the Superfund Program.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988,. the Agency obligated a total of $1.3,320,900 supported by 151.9
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. These resources enabled the Agency to award and
administer the contracts and cooperative and interagency agreements required to
carry out emergency and remedial response activities and provided central
technical support for developing, operating, and maintaining all automated
Superfund information systems. The Agency completed environmental audits at
EPA laboratories to document the procedures for the disposal of Superfund
waste. We provided training to EPA labs on these requirements and developed
improved chemical protective clothing information. We also refined health and
safety standards and procedures, and maintained and supported the Agency human
resources requirements of the Superfund program staff. The Agency developed
delegations of authority so that Superfund activities could be carried out in
an effective manner.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1990 Program Request .
The Agency requests a total of $2,642,900 supported by 55.8 total
workyears for.this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents a decrease of $792,000 and 27.0 total
14-66
-------
workyears from 1989. The reduction in resources reflects the transfer of
Contract and Grant workyears to a new program element in FY 1990, Hazardous
Substance - Contracts and Grants Management, Regions. Regional administrative
management activities will include: continuing recruitment of personnel to work
in the area of hazardous waste, assuring a reliable health and safety and
environmental compliance program, providing adequate ADP technical assistance
to support the site-specific recordkeeping requirements of the Superfund
program and improved information systems for EPA and State operations.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,434,900 supported by 82.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. These resources provide regional Superfund
administrative support services for contracting and procurement, personnel,
health and safety, and environmental compliance of EPA facilities, and
information management activities. Workyear increases reflect the
implementation of the Agency's decentralized Superfund contracting strategy.
The program is placing special emphasis on efforts to recruit properly
qualified personnel and to provide for the intense and specialized training
needs of Superfund employees. Increased efforts are also underway in the area
of information resources management to efficiently respond to increasing
program demands for staff support.
1988 Accomplishments .
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $3,250,800 supported by 89.3
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. These resources provided a full complement of admin-
istrative management services to the regional Superfund program.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTRACTS AND GRANTS MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS
1990 Program
The Agency requests a total of $10,281,200 supported by 124.6 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents an increase of $750,000 and 15 total
workyears over the 1989 program. However, the total dollar and workyear level
is an increase as the program element is new in 1990. This increase will
continue to effectively award and actively manage rapidly increasing numbers of
contracts as well as assure quality control over contracts with increasingly
high obligation amounts. The increased resources will provide more effective
assistance and contracts management through greater outreach to the regions
and states; ensure a more aggressive Superfund cost-recovery documentation
effort; support more oversight, training and technical assistance to our
federal partners; and develop and refine policy guidance and procedures for
more complex procurement needs and cooperative and interagency agreements and
new grant programs.
1989 Program
Resources for this program resided in Hazardous Substance Administrative
Management - Headquarters in 1989.
14-67
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1988 Accomplishments
Resources for this program resided in Hazardous Substance Administrative
Management - Headquarters in 1988.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTRACTS AND GRANTS MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,932,000 supported by 46.0 total work-
years for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents an increase of $950,000 and 19 total
workyears over the 1989 program. However, the total dollar and workyear level
is an increase as the program element is new in 1990. This increase will allow
the Agency to staff the Regional Contracting Officer Program. These workyears
will provide the Regional Superfund program offices with procurement and
contracts management support for the remedial and removal programs. The grants
increase will be used to effectively award, administer and manage complex
Superfund cooperative and interagency agreements and grants for emergency and
remedial response activities. Special emphasis will be placed on
accountability and ensuring that every Superfund assistance award complies with
regulatory and policy requirements.
1989 Program
Resources for this program resided in Hazardous Substance Administrative
Management-Regions in 1989. '
1988 Accomplishments
Resources for this program resided in Hazardous Substance Administrative
Management-Regions in 1988.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPPORT SERVICES - HEADQUARTERS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $32,996,900 for this program, all of which
will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund Appropriation. This represents
an increase of $2,549,200 from 1989. The increase reflects the additional
management and support required for the operation of an expanding Hazardous
Substance Response program. These resources will fund the Hazardous Substance
Response program's share of Headquarters and Agencywide costs and support
enhanced program systems modernization. These costs will include: facilities
rental, Federal Telecommunications System, revisions and development of
Information systems, utilities, local telephone service, printing and copying,
postage, other building and office services and health and safety training.
This request also reflects the transfer of $720,800 for basic Support services
to the Inspector General Appropriation to implement the new Inspector General
Act Amendments of 1988.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $30,447,700 for this program,
all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. The
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resources fund support costs in Headquarters which include facilities rental,
FTS, utilities, local telephone and other related services.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $22,750,000 for this program, all
of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. These
resources were the Superfund programs' share of the Agency management and
support costs needed to operate the Headquarters operation.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPPORT SERVICES - REGIONS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,965,500 for this program, all of which
will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This represents a
decrease of $301,700 from 1989. This will support the operation of the
Hazardous Substance Response program and will cover utilities, local telephone
service, printing and copying, minicomputer operations, equipment maintenance,
and all other support services related to the Superfund program activities in
the Regions.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $15,267,200 for this program,
all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund- appropriation. This
program is funding the same services that will be supported in 1990.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $15,084,300 for this program, all
of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This
program funded the same services that will be supported in 1990.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE COMPUTER SERVICES
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,279,800 for this program, all of which
will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This represents
an increase of $3,032,100 which will be used to support the additional ADP
requirements for the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and
Liability Information System (CERCLIS), the Superfund contract laboratory
program data systems that support the program. These resources will provide
centralized computing services to the Hazardous Substance Response Program by
the Agency's National Computer Center in Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina. These funds pay a portion of the Center's costs for equipment,
telecommunications, software leases and maintenance and facility operations.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating $7,247,700 for this program, all of
which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This amount re-
flects an increase in the size and use of Hazardous Substance Response program
data bases.
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1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $5,872,200 for this program, all
of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. The program
provided computer services to the Hazardous Substance Response program.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LEGAL SERVICES - HEADQUARTERS
1990 Program Request
In 1990, the Agency requests a total of $816,000 supported by 12.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents an increase of $60,000 and an
increase of 1.1 total workyears from 1989. The increases will support
resolution of appeals under the Freedom, of Information Act (FOIA).
The Office of General Counsel (OGC) will provide legal advice and
consultation on matters related to the implementation of the Superfund program.
The OGC will support the Agency's promulgation of rules, establishment of
policy and preparation of guidance documents for program implementation of the
Superfund program. This includes legal support to financial and administrative
operation of Superfund, including contract law, audits, cooperative agreements
and FOIA. The OGC handles Superfund litigation in which the Agency is a
defendant.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $756,000 supported by 10.9
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. The OGC is providing advice and consultation on
financial and administrative matters such as eligible uses of the Fund; legal
guidance on program matters such as interpretation of the statute, development
of regulations, and changes to the National Contingency Plan; and defense of
the Agency in any litigation brought against it concerning CERCLA.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $866,600 supported by 10.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. The OGC provided legal guidance in program matters
such as statutory interpretation, development of response priorities, review of
proposed regulatory actions, and defense of the Agency where litigation had
been brought against it concerning CERCLA.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LEGAL SERVICES - REGIONS . .
1990 Program Request
In 1990, the Agency requests a total of $1,162,800 supported by 25.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund Appropriation. This represents no change from 1989.
The Offices of Regional Counsel will provide legal advice and consultation
on matters related to the implementation of the Superfund program to the
Regional Administrators, Regional Superfund managers and State agencies.
Principal activities will be the defense of the Agency in CERCLA litigation
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filed against it, participation in formal administrative proceeding, review of
state cooperative agreements, activities relating to access by the public to
EPA held information, development of . the administrative record for the
selection of cleanup remedies, legal support to program response activities,
and the provision of a wide variety of legal counsel and advice to Regional,
state and local program officials.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,162,800 supported by 25.9
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund Appropriation. The Offices of Regional Counsel will continue to
represent the Agency in regional defensive litigation concerning Superfund. In
addition, the Offices of Regional Counsel will provide legal assistance by
reviewing state cooperative agreements for legal sufficiency; advising state
agencies regarding the legal requirements of the Superfund program; determining
eligible uses of the Fund; and advising on the treatment of requests for EPA
held information.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $949,900 supported by 25.1 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. The Offices of Regional Counsel provided EPA and
state agencies with legal advice and consultation on matters related to the
implementation of CERCLA. Principal activities of the Offices of the Regional
Counsel included the conduct of defensive litigation, legal review of
cooperative agreements with states for site cleanup, and general legal support
to the Superfund program in the Regions.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,316,900 supported by 67.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be activities in the Office of
the Inspector General appropriation that were transferred from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation. This represents an increase of $3,420,800
and 15 total workyears in support of the Inspector General's statutory
requirements from the Superfund reauthorization, additional critically needed
audits, and support costs such as rent, telecommunications, and ADP. As a
result of recently enacted legislation, the OIG now has a separate
appropriation which necessitates billing Superfund for staff support costs.
The OIG will expand its program of external audits performed by public
accounting firms and other Government agencies as well as provide additional
but limited internal audit coverage to examine the economy, efficiency, and
effectiveness of the Fund's management. The OIG will continue to investigate
referrals of suspected criminal activity with high potential for criminal
prosecution. Also, investigative resources will enable the Office of Inspector
General to identify and eliminate situations which create the opportunity for
fraud and abuse.
1989 Program
I
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total $6,896,100 supported by 52.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous.Substance
Superfund appropriation. These resources enable the Office of Inspector
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General to continue meeting the statutory requirements placed on it by Congress
in the Superfund reauthorization. These annual requirements include (1)
auditing payments, obligations, reimbursements or other uses of the funds; (2)
examining a sample of agreements with States carrying out response actions; (3)
examining remedial investigations and feasibility studies; (4) reviewing the
Administrator's status report on all remedial and enforcement actions; and (5)
reviewing the Administrator's estimate of the amount of resources necessary for
EPA to complete the implementation of its Superfund responsibilities. The DIG
will also continue its program of external audits performed by public
accounting firms and other Government audit agencies as well as operate a
limited internal audit program to examine the economy, efficiency, and
effectiveness of the Fund's management. It will investigate referrals of
suspected criminal activity with high potential for criminal prosecution and
develop and present training for the identification of deficiencies and
indicators of wrong-doing.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $6,285,100 supported by 52.6
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. During 1988, the Office of Inspector General issued
86 audit reports on the Fund. Internal audits focused on: improvements to the
management and performance of State cooperative agreements; the Agency's
accounting for Superfund costs, receivables and property; and the propriety of
EPA's payments to technical support contractors for non-technical work.
Superfund audits questioned and set aside almost $300 million,, of the
approximately $2.7 billion audited. Investigative efforts resulted in the
identification of several major schemes in connection with cleanup actions that
are being pursued for both criminal and civil prosecution.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF POLICY. PLANNING AND EVALUATION
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,433,500 supported by 12.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents no change in total dollars and no
change in total workyears from 1989.
The Office of Policy Analysis (OPA) will continue policy development and
analysis of effects of the revised National Contingency Plan (NCP) on program/
enforcement implementation under the Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization
Act (SARA) of 1986. It will remain involved in the development, review, and
analysis of policy proposals, including extensive workgroup participation;
assist the Regions and the program (OSWER) with incorporating risk information
into Superfund selection of remedy decisions; develop a data base of Records of
Decision and other documents to serve as a repository of risk and other
technical/policy types of information; and analyze the use and effectiveness of
institutional controls at Superfund sites. With the Office of Management
Systems and Evaluation (OMSE), OPA will undertake a comprehensive review of the
Superfund program in order to assess a program planning and implementation.
The Office of Standards and Regulations (OSR) will continue to provide
statistical support to the program office, designing statistical methodologies
for Superfund site characterization and developing guidelines for evaluating
attainment of standards in additional media at disposal sites. In the
information policy area, OSR will initiate development of expert-system based
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electronic data collection instruments which will replace currently used paper
forms, build in data quality and control, and provide data in an electronic
medium readily transferred to program office data bases. Regulatory
innovations will target greater participation by potentially responsible
parties (PRPs) and states in clean-ups, increased use of innovative technology,
and consideration of wetland restoration by PRPs through mitigation banks.
OMSK will continue to conduct management reviews of several states and
Regions to determine how best to oversee the hazardous waste programs. Program
evaluation studies will include public involvement in selection of Superfund
remedies and state roles in Superfund. OMSE will continue its studies of
Superfund implementation -- with a focus on evaluation of steps taken to deal
with problems previously identified by OMSE and other groups.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,433,500 supported by 12.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
OPA is concentrating on policy development as the Superfund program
implements the 1986 amendments and the revised NCP. It is working on the
development, review, and analysis of policy proposals, including extensive
workgroup participation; conducting comprehensive analysis of Superfund risk
data; assisting the Regions in implementing risk assessment methodologies and
decision-making processes; evaluating the impact of the amendments and the
revised NCP on remedy decisions and analyzing the role of states and citizens
in the Superfund process as an adjunct to OMSE studies.
OSR continues development of statistical guidance for determining
attainment of cleanup standards at Superfund sites, support for enforcement of
Superfund site cleanup, and statistical consultation on complex or unique
problems. OSR's ongoing efforts to develop innovative approaches to
implementation of Superfund include application of alternative dispute
resolution to expedite Superfund settlements and fostering innovative cleanup
technologies.
OMSE is working with OSWER to identify and study Superfund implementation
issues to provide options for overcoming obstacles to effective implementation
of the Superfund program. The Superfund Indicators Demonstration Project will
continue with focus groups including the public, the Congress, and other
interest groups to test the usefulness of measures for communicating progress.
OMSE evaluation studies include identifying and overcoming managerial,
organizational, and institutional factors that adversely affect implementation
of the Superfund program. OMSE also will study the feasibility of evaluating
EPA's efforts to improve states' ability to deal with hazardous waste sites.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $4,315,500 supported by 11.7
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
OPA identified and analyzed major Superfund implementation policy and
regulatory issues. It promoted a balanced review of all statutory criteria in
selection of Superfund remedies toward getting prompt action at sites; greater
use of multi-media risk assessment methods for setting priorities and making
clean-up decisions; and risk communication and citizen participation.
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OSR administered EPA's internal review and analysis process and insured
compliance with Executive Orders, legislated requirements and the Paperwork
Reduction Act. Its statistical activities involved Superfund enforcement and
implementation of statistically valid Data Quality Objectives as well as
continuing development of sampling methods and guidance for determining when
cleanup standards have been met at Superfund sites. Regulatory innovations
included investigation of the applicability of wetlands mitigation banking to
Superfund sites located in wetlands.
OMSE developed a series of environmental indicators for the Superfund
program based primarily on current data available from remedial and removal
actions. Program evaluation activities included a study that identified ways
of streamlining the process EPA uses to add hazardous waste sites to the
National Priority List for the Superfund program.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,064,000 "supported by 13.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents an increase of $120,000 and 2.0 total
workyears from 1989. These increases reflect the management and support
required for an expanding Hazardous Substance Response program, such as
improved accounting procedures for cost recovery, Superfund settlement issues,
and internal controls for Superfund finances. These resources will support:
the preparation of the Agency's budget submissions to the Office of Management
and Budget (OMB) and Congress; response to Congressional inquires; analysis and
review of major issues concerning workload and pricing models; and analysis of
ongoing resource issues related to the operation and management of the Trust
Fund.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $944,000 and 11.9 total work-
years for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. These resources support the ongoing budget activities;
responses to Congressional inquires and analysis of ongoing resource issues.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $843,500 and 10.7 total workyears
for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. The Office of the Comptroller coordinated and prepared the OMB
and Congressional budget submissions, responded to Congressional inquiries, and
provided fund oversight activities including ongoing resource reviews for the
Superfund program. In addition, the program conducted in-house studies on
site-specific charging.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $202,500 supported by 3.0 total workyears
for this office, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents no change in total dollars and in total
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workyears from 1989. The Office of External Affairs (OEA) will continue to use
existing, and develop new, communication vehicles to exchange information on
acute hazardous, National Priority List (NPL) site activity, emergency
planning, chemical release information, and enforcement activity. The Office
will also continue to work closely with the Regions and newly established
emergency response commissions and local emergency planning committees, and
other citizen groups in site activities. OEA will assist Federal agencies in
addressing and documenting over 3,000 sites'in an EPA Federal agency hazardous
waste docket, as well as prepare guidance and technical assistance documents to
assess sites in the docket and, if listed on the NPL, to begin remediation
efforts.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating $202,500 and 3.0 total workyears for
this office, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. In 1988, OEA is supporting the regions and assisting states and
localities with plans to respond to chemical emergencies. The Office is playing
a critical role in exchanging information with local health professionals,
public safety officials, local government and State government officials. The
Office is assisting in the development of Section 120 implementation guidance
and policies related to Federal sites and is playing an active role in
assisting agencies in meeting SARA requirements.
1988 Accomplishments
In 19.88, the Agency obligated a total of $111,600 supported by 1.8 total
workyears, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. The Office coordinated the identification of inactive sites
with other Federal agencies; provided a wide variety of communication support,
including the development of fact sheets and publications; and worked on
information exchange with1 State and local governments.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - EXECUTIVE OFFICES
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $401,000 supported by 1.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which is for the Superfund appropriation. This
represents no change from 1989. This program will provide support to the
National Environmental Service Officer (NESO) located within the Office of
Regional Operations. The NESO will conduct management reviews of Environmental
Services Division (ESDs); develop Headquarters guidance to ensure efficiency in
the utilization of resources and improved planning/procurement system;
represent ESDs in the Superfund program planning and budget activities
including workload model development; ensure Superfund policies are effectively
communicated to ESDs; schedule and convene quarterly ESDs conferences; plan,
schedule and convene meetings of the Superfund Analytical Services Advisory
Committee; evaluate options for securing the most effective lab support"to meet
Superfund goals; and review ESD lab capabilities and their cost effectiveness.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $401,000 supported by 1.0
total workyear for this program, all of which is in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The NESO provides the ESD's with Headquarters policy guidance,
oversight, and management support, in areas affecting both ESDs and Superfund;
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their cooperation and participation in meeting the objectives of the Superfund
program in the identification of hazardous waste sites and in the management of
any potential risks from these sites. The NESO performs analyses of critical
Superfund projects such as workload models, quality assurance and quality
control roles, sample and site tracking, resource accountability, data
usability tracking, laboratory demand, sample analysis options, and analytical
costs; and develops a national equipment planning and procurement process for
ESDs to meet Superfund and other Agency needs.
1988 Accomplishments
No resources were requested in FY 1988.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - LAB SUPPORT
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $450,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This represents
an increase of $200,000. These resources will provide essential support
services for remote Office of Research and Development (ORD) laboratories which
perform research in the hazardous substances area. These resources will fund
such items as facilities operation and maintenance, utilities and equipment
operations, rental costs, and other non-personnel support costs that are
essential for the operation and maintenance of ORD's remote laboratories in
support of Superfund research. This increase reflects, the increased costs of
operation for non-personnel support.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $250,000 for this program.
all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. These
resources provide for the essential services as described above, which are
required to operate and maintain ORD's remote laboratories in support of
Superfund research.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated $215,900 for this program, all of which was
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This funding provided
the essential ORD laboratory support services associated with the Superfund
research program.
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C
to
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS 15-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
LUST Technical Support. . . . ... . . . . 15-4
Environmental Engineering and Technology 15-6
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
LUST Guidelines and Implementation 15-8
ENFORCEMENT
LUST Enforcement - Office of Enforcement and Compliance
Monitoring 15-11
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Management and Support 15-13
Policy and Analysis - Office of Policy, Planning and
Evaluation ........ 15-15
Administrative Management - Headquarters . . .... . . . . . . 15-16
Administrative Management - Regions 15-16
Legal Services - Office of General Counsel 15-17
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks
TOTAL, Leaking.Underground
Storage Tanks
$41,749.7 $50,000.0 $52,325.9 $100,000.0 $47,674.1
$41,749.7 $50,000.0 $52,325.9 $100,000.0 $47,674.1
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
65.5 82.6 82.6 91.3 8.7
72.9 90.0 90.0 91.3 1.3
$13,838.0 $31,820.0 $31,820.0 $43,260.0 $11,440.0
The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA)
of 1986, extablished the Leaking Underground Storage
Tanks Trust Fund and authorizes a total of $500,000,000
to be appropriated to this fund from 1987 to 1991.
15-1
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LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The goal of Subtitle I of the Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965, as amended
by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, is to assure the
timely and appropriate remediation of leaking underground storage tanks
containing petroleum. The Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Trust Fund
is to be used by states to provide enforcement and oversight of responses by
tank owners and operators who have primary responsibility for cleaning up
leaks, and to directly remediate sites that are abandoned or where the owners
and operators are unwilling or unable to respond.
The Agency's strategy is to encourage the development of comprehensive and
permanent LUST programs in all the states and territories. State program
responsibilities include conducting site investigations when the initial
report of a leak is received, taking emergency response actions when
appropriate, ensuring adequate owner and operator response at as many sites as
possible, taking response action when owner and operator response cannot be
obtained, and recovering Trust Fund monies spent on response actions. The
Agency provides national program direction, guidance, and technical support to
support these state activities through cooperative agreements.
This is a period of transition for the state LUST programs from initial
program development to full response and enforcement capabilities. States
have inventoried thousands of leaking tanks, many of which are now awaiting
response. The last of the regulations have been promulgated and will take
effect in January, 1989. The leak detection requirements are being phased in
beginning with the oldest tanks -- the population most likely to leak. Due to
these requirements, the demand on state LUST programs is expected to increase
substantially. In support of strong, effective state programs, Agency efforts
will focus on (1) enhancing and expanding state programs; (2) strengthening
enforcement capabilities; (3) expanding state response capacity; (4) providing
national direction and scientific support; and (5) providing management
support.
Enhance and Expand State Programs
The Agency's implementation concept is based on the private-sector
"franchise" model. Under this model, the Agency seeks to build and enhance
state program capabilities. Using the performance appraisal system, the Agency
will identify areas where program improvements can be made and will work with
the states to provide the technical assistance and training needed. Based on
the results of these evaluations, the Agency will develop and distribute
practical tools for states and local governments. The Agency will also fund
Targeted Improvement Projects (TIPs) to improve state performance and, after
evaluating the projects, will disseminate the results on a nationwide basis.
As the workload increases, with the phasing in of leak detection, the
Agency will work with states to expand their enforcement, oversight, and
response capabilities. In the few states with new programs, the emphasis will
remain on basic program development. The Agency will also assist states to
develop funding mechanisms to provide ongoing and consistent funding for state
LUST programs.
15-2
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Strengthen Enforcement Capabilities
Enforcement of the LUST program encompasses both voluntary and non-
voluntary compliance by owners and operators. Voluntary compliance is the key
to successful implementation as the costs of addressing the number of expected
leaks will greatly exceed available Federal and state resources. To this end,
states must be able to enlist the cooperation of thousands of owners and
operators to perform response actions at their own sites, as well as to provide
them oversight and technical assistance. Formal enforcement actions will be
used to compel response actions by recalcitrant owners and operators.
The Agency will evaluate and develop tools to improve states ability to
achieve timely reporting and response by owners and operators. Regional legal
staff will provide technical assistance for state enforcement activities.
Expand State Response Capacity
The lack of commercial insurance and other financial assurance
mechanisms for many categories of businesses has led to the phasing in of
financial responsibility requirements over a two-year period. During this
interim period, owners and operators of small facilities may not be financially
able to undertake response actions at their sites. In order to address threats
to the environment, states will be required to continue to take direct response
actions at many of these sites and at abandoned sites.
Provide National Direction and Scientific Support
The Agency's role is to provide national program direction and communicate'
clear priorities to states implementing the program. EPA will issue guidance
and provide direction for all phases of response and enforcement activity. The
Agency will also provide technical support focusing on low-cost approaches for
assessing site contamination and for evaluating various response technologies.
Provide Management Support
As the program develops and the policies and procedures of the Trust Fund
are established, the Agency will continue to provide full support in management
and administrative services to program operations. Agency support will be
provided in personnel, budgeting, financial management, contracts and grants,
legal advice and state program planning and evaluation to ensure effective and
efficient program operations.
Consulting Services
Consulting services will be used to evaluate several state management and
administrative systems, including grants administration and recordkeeping, to
determine areas where the processes can be improved. Input of consultants may
be sought as the Agency continues to develop policies to implement the LUST
Trust Fund. In addition, technical assistance will be provided by consultants
in specialized areas such as site assessment and corrective action
technologies and may include some training of state personnel.
15-3
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Research and
Development
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS 15-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
LUST Technical Support. . . 15-4
Environmental Engineering arid Technology 15-6
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (LUST)
LUST Technical Support
ACTUAL ENACTED
1988 1989
CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks
TOTAL
$749.3 $770.0 $770.0 $773.6
$749.3 $770.0 $770.0 $773.6
TOTAL:
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks
$749.3 $770,0 $770.0 $773.6
LUST Technical Support TOTAL $749.3 $770.0 $770.0 $773.6
$3.6
$3.6
$3.6
$3.6
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
1.7
1.7
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology
TOTAL WORKYEARS
1.9
i.9
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
15-4
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LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
Principle Outputs by Objective
Objective 1: Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund Technical Support.
90: o Report on Soil Washing and In-situ Soil Flushing Demonstrations
(Engineering)
o Technical Assistance Document on Corrective Action on Contaminated
Soils at LUST Sites (Engineering)
o Technical Document on the Identification of
Innovative/Alternative Corrective Action Technologies
(Engineering)
1989: o Development of a Technology Transfer Seminar on LUST Corrective
Action Technology (Engineering)
1988: o Performance Evaluation Report of a Vacuum Extraction Technology
(Engineering)
o Report on Corrective Action Guidance (Engineering)
15-5
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST) TRUST FUND
LUST Technical Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $773,600 supported by 2.0 total workyears
for 1990, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST)
Trust Fund. This represents an increase of $3,600 in funding and no change in
total workyears for 1990. The increase in funding will cover increased
personnel and support costs.
Program Objectives
This program provides technical support to Federal, state, and local
agencies implementing the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Trust Fund
program.
Objective 1: Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund Technical
Support. This activity provides technical support to the Office of
Underground Storage Tanks (OUST), Regions, states, and local agencies
implementing the LUST Trust Fund program. This work contributes to ensuring
the selection of the best available site assessment and cleanup procedures by
responsible authorities.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $773,600 supported by 2.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank
Trust Fund. This represents an increase of $3,600 in funding and no increase
in total workyears.
Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund Technical Support. This
program will evaluate selected cleanup technologies developed for petroleum and
hazardous chemical releases and demonstrate them at LUST sites. These
evaluations play an important role in developing ORD's capabilities to provide
technical guidance for corrective actions at LUST sites. Evaluations/
demonstrations will focus on soil washing and in-situ soil flushing techniques.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $770,000 supported by 2.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the LUST Trust Fund.
The program is evaluating RCRA and CERCLA cleanup technologies developed for
petroleum and hazardous chemical releases for their applicability to petroleum
leaks from underground tanks. Demonstrations at LUST sites are also being
conducted. Case studies of past and on-going corrective actions are being
performed and a guidance document on site specific procedures for cost-
effective corrective action is being outlined.
15-6
-------
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $749,300 supported by 1.9 total'
workyears for this program, all of which was from the LUST Trust Fund. A
full-scale field evaluation of a vacuum extraction technology was initiated at
a LUST site. Collection and analysis of an initial data set, including soil-
gas, soil and ground water samples, was completed. Results indicated
significant reductions in soil contamination. A project was initiated to
identify the mechanisms which control the migration, retention, transformation
and remobilization of gasoline released from underground storage tanks.
15-7
-------
Abatement and
Control
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS 15-1
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
LUST Guidelines and Implementation 15-8
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (LUST)
Guidelines & Implementation
ACTUAL ENACTED
1988 1989
CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Guidelines &
Implementation
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks
$39,230.7 $46,292.1 $48,617.9 $96,300.7 $47,682.8
TOTAL $39,230.7 $46,292.1 $48,617.9 $96,300.7 $47,682.8
TOTAL:
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks
Guidelines &
Implementation
$39,230.7 $46,292.1 $48,617.9 $96,300.7 $47,682.8
TOTAL $39,230.7 $46,292.1 $48,617.9 $96,300.7 $47,682.8
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Guidelines &
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
51.4
51.4
56.9
56.9
56.9
56.9
62.0
62.0
5.1
5.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Guidelines &
Implementation
TOTAL WORKYEARS
56.0
56.0
61.0
61.0
61.0
61.0
62.0
62.0
1.0
1.0
15-8
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST) TRUST FUND
LUST Guidelines and Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $96,300,700 supported by 62.0 total
workyears for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund appropriation.
This is an increase of $47,682,800 and 1.0 total workyear from 1989.
LUST GUIDELINES AND IMPLEMENTATION
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $96,300,700 supported by 62.0 total
workyears for 1990 for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $47,682,800 and 1.0 total
workyear from 1989. The increases will provide expanded funding of state
cooperative agreements in -response to an expected backlog of sites ready for
cleanup and increasing discoveries of new sites as a result of new leak
detection requirements.
In 1990, the number of sites requiring response actions will increase as
owners and operators install leak detection devices and procedures and as
insurance companies require testing for leaks prior to issuing insurance
policies. States will conduct site investigations based on their priority
lists, encourage and compel responses by owners and operators, and provide
oversight of these responses. States will also initiate response actions at
abandoned sites and where the owners and operators are unwilling or financially
unable 'to respond. LUST Trust Fund cooperative agreements will provide a
significant level of resources to support these response efforts.
The Agency will continue its comprehensive analysis of functions and tasks
to achieve improved state performance in such areas as site assessment and
response. These are new fields where many technical issues require resolution.
Other areas of effort will include: 1) developing appropriate follow-up
guidelines for Trust Fund Implementation; 2) evaluating costs of response,
effectiveness of state enforcement, and the ability of states to recover funds;
and 3) producing videos and brochures on a number of response topics such as
site assessments and corrective action.
EPA will continue to fund Targeted Improvement Projects (TIPs). These
projects will allow states to address specific implementation, enforcement, or
administrative problems. The results will be evaluated and distributed oh a
nationwide basis.
The statute requires that Trust Fund funds used to respond 'to leaking
tanks be recovered where possible. The number of states bringing cost recovery
actions will increase in 1990. The Agency legal staff will provide assistance
on cost recovery issues to the states.
The Agency's major task in the development of state LUST programs is to
determine state needs and to develop tools to assist the states and localities
in implementing the program. Through the program appraisal system and ongoing
communication, EPA will continue working with the states to provide innovative
solutions to technical and managerial problems.
15-9
-------
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $48,617,900 supported by 61.0
total workyears, all of which is from the Leaking Underground Storage Tank
Trust Fund appropriation.
States are identifying sites, encouraging owners and operators to take
needed response actions at their sites, and taking appropriate response actions
as necessary. They are also taking enforcement actions to compel owner and
operator response. A significant portion of these efforts are funded by LUST
Trust Fund cooperative agreements. The Agency will maintain a limited
response capability to be used only in extreme emergencies.
The Agency will continue to negotiate new and amend existing cooperative
agreements with states. Based on the approved policy, guidance is being
developed on cost recovery which allows states to keep recovered LUST Trust
Fund money to address additional sites. EPA is also funding TIPs which allow a
state to address specific implementation or administrative problems.
The Agency has also developed an enforcement strategy which focuses on
achieving voluntary compliance and promotes the use of innovative formal
enforcement techniques to achieve non-voluntary compliance. The large number
of tanks and facilities potentially requiring response mandates a streamlining
of traditional enforcement procedures. Although the states have primary
enforcement responsibility, the Agency is prepared to take a limited number of
enforcement actions.
EPA is also continuing to implement an outreach program to inform the
states, the regulated community, and the public of the risks associated with
leaking tanks and the responsibility of owners and operators to manage these I
risks.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $39,230,700 supported by 56.0
total workyears, all of which was from the Leaking Underground Storage Tank
Trust Fund appropriation.
The Agency oversaw the development and implementation of state response
programs and provided technical assistance to states that needed to develop
cooperative agreements to enter the program, and helped prepare states to
undertake emergency responses. Agency oversight included the examination of
state programs, procedures, and mechanisms for addressing releases, including
appropriate program and fiscal systems.
The Agency developed an innovative policy statement and strategy for cost
recovery under the LUST Trust Fund program which allows states to keep
recovered money to address other sites. Policies and procedures for Federal
responses in emergency cases were finalized.
The states have undertaken 16,630 site investigations, 1,750 emergency
responses and 4,425 enforcement actions in 1988. In addition, states have
provided oversight for or have initiated longer-term response actions at a
total of 8,050 sites.
15-10
-------
Enforcement
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS 15-1
ENFORCEMENT
LUST Enforcement - Office of Enforcement and Compliance
Monitoring 15-11
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (LUST)
LUST Enforcement
PROGRAM
LUST Legal Enforcement
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks
LUST Enforcement TOTAL
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
LUST Legal Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
LUST Legal Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$132.0 $255.0 $255.7 $270.3 $14.6
$132.0 $255.0 $255.7 $270.3 $14.6
$132.0 $255.0 $255.7 $270.3 $14.6
$132.0 $255.0 $255.7 $270.3 $14.6
1.8 4.5 4.5 5.6 1.1
1.8 4.5 4.5 5.6 1.1
2.8 5.6 5.6 5.6
2.8 5.6 5.6 5.6
15-11
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST) TRUST FUND
LUST Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $270,300 supported by 5.6 total workyears,
all of which Is for the LUST Trust Fund appropriation. This represents an
increase of $14,600.
LUST LEGAL ENFORCEMENT - OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE MONITORING
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $270,300 supported by 5.6 total workyears,
all of which is for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund appro-
priation. This represents an increase of $14,600 in salaries and expenses for
increased personnel and support costs, but no change in the total workyears
from 1989.
The primary workload for Regional legal enforcement staff in 1990 will
shift from the intense involvement in state cooperative agreement negotiations
to guidance and technical assistance for the implementation of new LUST
programs in those states with signed cooperative agreements. Coordination with
states and headquarters will be required to ensure uniform implementation,
particularly regarding issues of financial viability of owner/operators, cost
recovery, and use of enforcement actions.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $255,700 supported by 5.6
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Leaking Underground
Storage Tank Trust Fund appropriation.
Legal efforts 'are concentrated primarily on developing and negotiating
cooperative agreements with the states. Owner/operators generally provide the
lead in response actions for releases from leaking tanks. States may take
response and enforcement actions, governed by the cooperative agreements
negotiated with EPA, which give states authority to determine the need for and
type of response actions. The Agency maintains a backup response capability to
be used only in the event of a major public health emergency and when no state
authority or owner/operator is available to respond in a timely manner.
Regional legal staff will issue and follow through on enforcement orders and
pursue cost recovery if required.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $132,000 supported by 2.8 total
workyears for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund appropriation.
Initial efforts focused on assisting states in understanding the new legis-
lation and in developing and negotiating Trust Fund cooperative agreements.
15-12
-------
Management and
Support
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1990 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS 15-1
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Management and Support. ..... 15-13
Policy and Analysis - Office of Policy, Planning and
Evaluation 15-15
Administrative Management - Headquarters . . 15-16
Administrative Management - Regions 15-16
Legal Services - Office of General Counsel '..... 15-17
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (LUST)
LUST Management & Support
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Policy & Analysis -
Office of Policy,
Planning & Evaluation
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks
Administrative
Management - Office of
Administration &
Resources Management.
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks
Legal Services - Office
of General Counsel
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks
TOTAL:
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks
LUST Management &
Support
TOTAL
$283.1
$283.1
$310.0
$310.0
$310.0
$310.0
$276.9
$276.9
•$33.1
•$33.1
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
$1,228.1
$1,228.1
$126.5
$126.5
$1,637.7
$1,637.7
$2,088.8
$2,088.8
$284.1
$284.1
$2,682.9
$2,682.9
$2,087.5
$2,087.5
$284.8
$284.8
$2,682.3
$2,682.3
$2,079.2
$2,079.2
$299.3
$299.3
$2.655.4
$2,655.4
-$8.3
-$8.3
$14.5
$14.5
-$26.9
-$26.9
15-13
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
LUST Management & Support
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ' ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Policy & Analysis -
Office of Policy,
Planning & Evaluation
Administrative
Management - Office of
Administration &
Resources Management
Legal Services - Office
of General Counsel
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
.3
8.2
2.1
10.6
1.0
14.0
4.2
19.2
1.0
14.0
4.2
19.2
.3
16.0
-.7
2.0
5.4 K ' 1.2
21.7
2.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Policy & Analysis -
Office of Policy,
Planning & Evaluation
Administrative
Management - Office of
Administration &
Resources Management
Legal Services - Office
of General Counsel
.6
8.3
3.3
1.0
15.0
5.4
1.0
15.0
5.4
.3
16.0
5.4
-.7
1.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
12.2
21.4
21.4
21.7
.3
15-14
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST) TRUST FUND
LUST Management and Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,655,400 supported by 21.7 total
workyears for 1990, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage
Tank Trust Fund appropriation. This represents a decrease of $26,900 and an
increase of .3 total workyears from 1989.
POLICY AND ANALYSIS - OFFICE OF POLICY. PLANNING AND EVALUATION
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $276,900 supported by 0.3 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank
Trust Fund appropriation. This represents a decrease of $33,100 and a decrease
of 0.7 total workyears from 1989. These decreases reflect the shift in
emphasis from policy development, led by the policy office (OPA), to
implementation led by the program office.
OPA will continue to assist the program in developing a better
understanding of the problem created by the approximately 3,500,000 million
underground storage tanks (USTs) exempt from UST requirements, as well as to
assist the program office in developing programs to control this problem. OPA
also will assist states in developing better priority setting and UST
classification schemes, and in developing tools to improve corrective action
decisionmaking. In each of these areas, OPA will refine the tools and
methodologies developed in 1989 to improve their usefulness in a different
state or local setting, expand upon their current applications to include new
ones (e.g., from reactive to proactive priority setting), and evaluate how best
to implement, deliver and distribute these to states and possibly local
communities.
1989 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $310,000 supported by 1.0
total workyear for this program, all,of which is from the Leaking Underground
Storage Tank Trust Fund appropriation.
OPA is continuing its participation on two workgroups--Financial
Responsibility Requirements (FRR) for Petroleum USTs and FRRs for Chemical
USTs; and is presently assisting the program with the implementation of the
Technical Standards Rule. With emphasis shifting from policy development to
implementation, it is actively assisting the program office in the analysis and
evaluation of broad' regulatory and LUST Trust Fund issues and is playing an
active role in the development of a report to Congress on exempt farm and
heating oil tanks. OPA also continues to implement its LUST workplan, which
covers a broad set of issues. These include ground-water protection issues,
such as analysis of class systems and corrective action decision-making
15-15
-------
process; and implementation analysis, such as facilitating risk-based
decisionmaking in the field and data/management tools for state UST Programs.
OPA also plans to initiate general policy studies, including measuring the LUST
program's environmental results.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $283,100 supported by 0.6 total
workyear for this program, all of which was from the Leaking Underground
Storage Tank Trust Fund appropriation. With the resources, OPA continued to
identify and analyze major issues associated with the implementation of the
LUST Trust Fund.
ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,200,200 supported by 9.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank
Trust Fund appropriation. This represents a decrease of $174,100 and 1.0 total
workyear from 1989. These resources will be used to provide support costs such
as rent, utilities, security and mail operation for the LUST program and
administrative services, such as contracts, grants, health and safety,
environmental compliance, personnel support, and basic financial services such
as processing payroll and vouchers and producing accurate financial reports
will also be provided.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,374,300 supported by 10.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Leaking Underground
Storage Tank Trust Fund appropriation. These resources are used to provide
support services, financial services and administrative services as described
above.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $1,037,000 supported by 6.9 total
workyears, all of which was from the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust
Fund appropriation. These resources provided support services, financial
services and administrative services described above.
ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1990 Program Request .
The Agency requests a total of $879,000 supported by 7.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank
Trust Fund appropriation. This represents an increase of $165,800 and 2.0
total workyears from 1989. An increase in workyears will support Grant
Activities in the Regions. Resources will be used to provide support costs
such as rent, utilities, security, and mail operations for the LUST program.
15-16
-------
Basic financial services will also be provided, such as processing payroll and
vouchers and providing accurate financial reports.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $713,200 supported by 5.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Leaking Underground
Storage Tank Trust Fund appropriation. These resources are used to provide
support services and financial services as described above.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $191,100 supported by 1.4 total
workyears, all of which was from Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund
appropriation. These resources were used to provide support services and
financial services as described above. .
LEGAL SERVICES - OFFICE OF GENERAL COUNSEL
1990 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $299,300 supported by 5.4 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank
Trust Fund appropriation. This represents an increase of $14,500 and no change
in total workyears from 1989. The increase reflects increased personnel and
support costs.
The resources will provide legal support for the development of guidelines
and policies for administration of the Fund, assisting the delegation of
authority to the States, supporting cooperative agreements between EPA and
States, providing advice and interpretations, and defense of the Agency in
legal actions taken against it regarding the Trust Fund.
1989 Program .
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $284,800 supported by 5.4
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Leaking Underground
Storage Tank Trust Fund appropriation.
The request will provide legal support for the development of guidelines
and policies for administration of the fund; assist the delegation of authority
to the States; support cooperative agreements between EPA and States; and
provide advice, interpretations, and defense for the Agency in legal actions
taken against it regarding the Trust Fund.
1988 Accomplishments
In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $126,500 supported by 3.3 total
workyears, all of which was from the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust
Fund appropriation. Legal support was provided to the development of
guidelines and policies through advice, counsel and interpretations.
15-17
-------
16. SPECIAL
ANALYSIS
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SPECIAL ANALYSES
Table of Contents
Page
«
EPA Organization Chart . 16-1
EPA Regional Offices - Locations 16-2
Summary of Resources, by Appropriation 16-3
Summary of Resources, by Media. 16-7
Object Classification - By Appropriation 16-12
Summary of State Grant Resources 16-16
Permanent Positions by Grade (Salaries and Expenses) 16-17
Permanent Positions by Grade (Office of Inspector General).... 16-18
Permanent Positions by Grade (Superfund) 16-19
Permanent Positions by Grade (LUST Trust Fund) 16-20
Permanent Positions by Grade (Reimbursables) 16-21
Average Grade and Salary. . . . . 16-22
-------
ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
//, U.S. Environmental
,.',', * ' ,' ' ,
Protection Agency
% v * xs • j. •• ^i. '•'••'
,"?/'".'„* Y / ' '. ADMINISTRATOR "4. - ^ Associate Administrator
_,%__, • t ^m ~~ — — ***
' ' ' Staff Of*™-? DEPUTY ADI
'.'
^ ' , ' ,, , , „ , - ,'v
I I
Assistant Administrator \ssistantAdministratorfoi ''--'':
for Administration And ; Enforcement and '"::i|.-
Resources Management ' Compliance Monitoring '.;;'•?!.
' - '-,-',-< -','„*"-''•.->•; V^V^^^"
• 1 1 -:• ;.. .
«*«**<*>«* ''"''f
"'•.-.'*
f *
\" ",
• 1 1 .-.-/:
% •. ":\^
Assistant Administrator - Assistant Administrator -\ >^
tor Air and Radiation for Pesttedes and Toxic , -^
Substances '• '
^ ^ ^; ," ^ ^^ ;%
1 1 1
Region 1 Region II Region III
Boston New York Philadelphia
%
1 1
Region VII Region VIII ;
Kansas City Denver
^ -
s; \f : for International
IINISTRATOR ^^' ^ Activities
V\" " %x'% sC~s ••
\'"^c ?>-",» \4 s c 1 Associate Administrator
, \' ^ N -" ^\ -<^ ^ % for Regional Operations
' "* % s
II
-„*, " - Assistant Administrator
, -i ' < General Counsel tor Policy, Planning and
'£*•- Evaluation
' ? y\-'-' '"/ -V'"'**" f\'r /s^":^^" ' " I--
tf -^^"m "™™™"" "^
••••^••^HMM 1
>r Assistant Administrator * Assisant Adm-rastrator
for water - tor SoM Waste and
// Emergency Response
- ~-< „ '' '" ,
7^V> v| "/':/;. ' . '
;. ' Assistant Administrator
,/ \ tor Research and \
' - ' ' Development ' '
, ,-r * \ -', " :-
I I I
Region IV Region V : Region VI
Atlanta Chicago • Dallas
'
1 1
Region IX Region X
San Francisco Seattle
16-1
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGIONS
Locations and States
Region I
Region II
Region III
Region IV
Region V
Region VI
Region VII
Region VIII
Region IX
Region X
Headquarters. Boston. Massachusetts
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts
New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont
Headquarters. New York. Nev York
New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
Headquarters. Philadelphia. PA
Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland
Pennsylvania, Virginia, Vest Virginia
Headquarters. Atlanta. Georgia
Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky
Mississippi, North Carolina,
South Carolina, Tennessee
Headquarters. Chicago. Illinois
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan,
Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin
Headquarters. Dallas. Texas
Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico,
Oklahoma, Texas
Headquarters. Kansas City. Kansas
Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska
Headquarters. Denver. Colorado
Colorado, Montana,, North Dakota,
South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming
San Francisco. California
Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada,
American Samoa, Gxiam, Trust Territories of
Pacific Islands, Northern Mariana Islands
Headquarters. Seattle. Washington
Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington
16-2
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Summary of Budget Authority,
Obligations, Outlays, and Work/ears
By Appropriation
(dollars in thousands)
Actual
1988
Enacted
1989
Current
Estimate
1989
Request
1990
Increase/
Decrease
1990 Req. vs.
Current 1989
Salaries and Expenses
Budget Authority $765,000.0 $ 804,000.0 $ 804,000.0 $ 868,582.6 $ 64,582.6
Obligations 761,437.4 804,000.0 804,000.0 868,582.6 64,582.6
Outlays....... 762,502.0 805,024.0 805,024.0 839,991.0 34,967.0
Permanent Uorkyears..... 10,683.2 11,325.6 11,332.6 11,699.2 366.6
Total Uorkyears 11,482.9 11,740.0 11,743.3 11,699.2 (44.1)
Office of Inspector General
(Salaries and Expenses)
Budget Authority. S 0.0 $ 0.0 % 0.0 $ 21.417.4 $ 21,417.4
Obligations 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,417.4 21,417.4
Outlays 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,419.0 18,419.0
Permanent Uorkyears- 0.0 0.0 0.0 242.8 242.8
Total Workyears 0.0 0.0 0.0 242.8 242.8
Research and Development
Budget Authority $ 186,350.0 S 202,500.0 S 202,500.0 $ 235,000.0 $ 32,500.0
Obligations..., 186.109.4 200,535.4 200.535.4 234,311.0 33,775.6
Outlays 203,608.0 198,873.0 198,873.0 221,404.0 22,531.0
Abatement, Control, and
Compliance
Budget Authority $ 606,192.3 $ 715,625.0 $ 715,625.0 $ 700,000.0 $ (15,625.0)
Obligations ,. 611,357.1 712,913.6 712,913.6 .700,258.4 (12,655.2)
Outlays..... 597,721.2 655,374.0 655,374.0 721,344.0 65,970.0
Buildings and Facilities
Budget Authority $ 23,500.0 $ 8,000.0 $ 16,514.8*$ 8,000.0.$ (8,514.8)
Obligations 18,247.1 16,185.0 16,185.0 8,163.0 (8,022.0)
Outlays 9,247.0 12,929.0 12,929.0 18,623.0 5,694.0
16-3
-------
Scientific Activities
Overseas
Obi i gat i ens
Out 1 ays
SUBTOTAL,
OPERATING PROGRAMS
Budget Authori ty
Obi i gat i ons
Out 1 ays
Permanent Uorkyears... . .
Total Workyears
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Budget Authority. .......
Out lays
Permanent Uorkyears
Total Workyears.
Office of Inspector General
(Superfund)
Budget Authority........
Obi i gat i ons
Outlays
Permanent Uorkyears.....
Total Uorkyears.
LUST Trust Fund
Obi i gat ions.
Out 1 ays
Permanent Uorkyears
Total Uorkyears
Actual
1988
$ 579.6
42.0
$1,581,042.3
1,577,730.6
1,573,120.2
10,683.2
11,482.9
$1,128,000.0
1,497,370.3
828,912.0
2,451.9
2,642.2
$ 0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
$ 14,400.0
41 749.7
13,838.0
65.5
72.9
Enacted
1989
$ 0.0
213.0
$1,730,125.0
1,733,634.0
1,672,413.0
11,325.6
11,740.0
$1,425,000.0
1,579,093.2
1.150JOOO.O
2,706.7
2,830.0
$ 0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
$ 50.000.0
52,325.9
31,820.0
82.6
90.0
Current
Estimate
1989
$ 0.0
213.0
$1,738,639.8
1,733,634.0
1,672,413.0
11,332.6
11,743.3
$1,579,093.2
1,579,093.2
1,150,000.0
2,701.7
2,824.7
$ ' 0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
$ 52,325.9
52,325.9
31,820.0
82.6
90.0
Request
1990
$ 0.0
326.0
* $1,833,000.0
1,832,732.4
1,820,107.0
11,942.0
11,942.0
• $1,739,683.1
1,739,683.1
1,372,524.0
2,467.2
2,967.2
$ 10,316.9
10,316.9
2,476.0
67.8
67.8
* $ 100,000.0
100,000.0
43,260.0
91.3
91.3
Increase/
Decrease
1990 Req. vs;
Current 1989
$ 0.0
113.0
$ 94,360.2
99,098.4
147,694.0
609.4
198.7
$ 160,589.9
160,589.9
222,524.0
(234.5)
142.5
$ 10 316.9
10 316.9
2,476.0
»
67.8
67.8
. «
$ 47,674.1
47 674.1
11 440.0
8.7
1.3
16-4
-------
Construction Grants
Budget Authority. ......
Obi igations ,
Outlays ,
Actual
1988
$2, 304, 000.0
2,793,098.0
2.514,461.0
Enacted
1989
$1,950,000.0
2, 527, 000.0
2.390.000.0
Current
Estimate
1989
$1,950,000.0
2,527,000.0
2.390.000.0
Request
1990
$1,200,000.0
1,443,000.0
2.350.000.0
Increase/
Decrease
1990 Req. vs.
Current 1989
$ (750,000.0)
(1,084,000.0)
(40.000.0)
Operations, Research
and Facilities
Obligations $
Outlays
Tolerances
Revolving Fund
16.0 $
(88.0)
50.0 $
250.0
50.0 $
250.0
50.0 $
175.0
Obligations $
Out Iays
Misc. Contrib. Funds
Obligations $
Outlays
.Reregistration & Expedited
Processing Revolving Fund
Obligations $
Outlays
Reimbursements - S&E
Obligations.
Permanent Uorkyears.
Total Uorkyears
62.6
65.2
62.0
62.0
62.0
62.0
62.0
62.0
Reimbursements-R&D
Obligations $
0.0
(75.0)
933.0 $
(196.0)
15.0 $
7.0
1,000.0 $
(200.0)
10.0 $
40.0
1,000.0 $
(200.0)
10.0 $
40.0
1,000.0 $
(200.0)
10.0-$
28.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
(12.0)
0.0 $ 5,000.0 $ 5,000.0 $ 14,000.0 $ 9,000.0
0.0 (9,000.0) (9,000.0) 0.0 9,000.0
$ 20,444.1 $ 25,000.0 $ 25,000.0 $ 26,583.0 $ 1,583.0
0.0
0.0
Reimbursements-Superfund
Obligations. $ 13,548.4 $ 30,000.0 $ 30,000.0 $ 30,000.0 $ 0.0
0.0 $
0.0 $ 5,000.0 $ 5,000.0 $
0.0
• 16-5
-------
Actual
1988
Reimbursements-AC&C
Obligations.... $
0.0
TOTAL, EPA
Budget Authority $5,027,442.3
Obligations 5,944,905.1
Outlays 4,930,054.2
Enacted
1989
Current
Estimate
1989
Request
1990
Increase/
Decrease
1990 Req. vs.
Current 1989
0.0 $
5,000.0
5,000.0 $
0.0
$5,155,125.0 $5,320,058.9 * $4,883,000.0 $ (437,058.9)
5,953,113.1 5,963,113.1 5,207,375.4 (755,737.7)
5,235,323.0 5,235,323.0 5,588,370.0 353,047.0
Permanent Uorkyears.
Total Uorkyears
13,263.2
14,263.2
14,176.9
14,722.0
14,178.9
14,720.0
14,630.3
15,130.3
451.4
410.3
Includes planned prior year funds.
16-6
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Surmary of Budget Authority,
Obligations, Outlays, and Uorkyears
By Media
(dollars in thousands)
Air
Budget Authority
Obi i gat ions.
Out I ays
Permanent Uorkyears....
Total Uorkyears. .......
Water Quality
Budget Authority.......
Obi i gat i ons ............
Out I ays
Permanent Workyears. . . .
Total Workyears
Drinking Water
Obi i gat ions
Out 1 ays
Permanent Workyears....
Total Workyears
Hazardous Waste
Budget Authority.......
Obi i gat ions
Permanent Workyears....
Total Workvears
Actual
1988
S 247,351.9
248,422.3
252,725.3
1,628.2
1,717.4
$ 260,545.6
257,146.0
268,124.2
1,988.4
2,151.1
. $ 107,444.2
106 990.5
105,357.4
687.6
746.8
. $ 258,952.2
256 438.9
258,469.6
1 368.4
1.460.9
Enacted
1989
$ 269,578.8
266,020.1
254,008.4
1,700.7
1,741.1
S 288,615.7
290,262.3
281,887.6
2,141.4
2,236.2
$ 108,337.1
107,563.9
103,886.0
720.3
745.5
$ 267,059.4
268 862.3
250,186.5
1,441.7
1.505.0
Current
Estimate
1989
$ 268,431.7
264,890.0
252,920.9
1,692.0
1,731.9
$ 286,771.1
288,437.0
280, 095 .'0
2,125.8
2,219.5
S 107,802.9
107,037.0
103,369.2
716.5
741 . 1
$ 264,772.8
266 616.0
248,053.2
1,427.7
1.491.0
Request
1990
S 295,464.2
291,841.0
281,987.2
1,753.9
1,753.9
$ 307,902.3
310,783.0
303,722.7
2,234.0
2,234.0
$ 118,954.6
118,244.0
112,690.6
•766.7
766.7
$ 273,703.3
277 372 0
270,319.6
1,489.0
1.489.0
Increase/
Decrease
1990 Req. vs.
Current 1989
27,032.5
26,951.0
29,066.3
61.9
22.0
21,131.2
22,346.0
23,627.7
108.2
14.5
11,151.7
11,207.0
9,321.4
50.2
25.6
8,930.5
10,756.0
22,266.4
61.3
(2.0)
16-7
-------
Pesticides
Budget Authority. .......
Permanent Workyears.. °...
Total Workyears
Radiation
Budget Authority
Obi i gat i ons
Permanent Workyears
Total Uorkyears
Noise
Budget Author i ty
Obi i gat ions.
Out I ays .................
Interdisciplinary
Budget Authority
Obi i gat ions.
Outlays. ................
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Toxic Substances
Budget Author i ty
Obi i gat ions.
Out I ays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Actual
1988
$ 81,934.8 $
82,339.1
77,918.8
770.8
820.1
$ 19,709.5 $
19,664.0
16,266.9
158.3
170.9
$ 0.0 $
0.0
1.9
$ 61,323.6 $
61,057.0
62,066.7
581.4
630.2
$ 129 755.6 $
138,219.5
130 925.1
622.8
863.1
Enacted
1989
124,278.3 $
122,675.5
107,707.7
824.0
831.0
23,082.0 $
22,846.9
20,192.7
198.5
200.9
0.0 $
0.0
50.0
73,966.8 $
73,355.8
69,494.1
633.7
657.6
%
144,319.6 *
143/051.5
143 954.6
864.7
875.0
Current
Estimate
1989
123,347.4 $
121,754.0
106,905.9
816.0
822.8
23,025.0 *
22,794.0
20,142.3
196.8
199.2
0.0 $
0.0
50.0
76,894.0 $
76,248.0
72,246.7
656.1
679.9
143,219.1 $
141,971.0
142,854.6
861.8
871.6
Request
1990
110,224.6
109,073.0
107,138.7
853.3
853.3
31,822.9
31,448.0
30,660.8
200.2
200.2
0.0
0.0
50.0
118,494.4
117,620.0
113,974.5
740.0
740.0
107,225.2
107,090.0
113 155.2
880.6
880.6
Decrease
1990 Req. vs.
Current 1989
(13,122.8)
(12,681.0)
232.8
37.3
30.5
8,797.9
8,654.0
10,518.5
3.4
1.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
$ 41,600.4
41,372.0
41,727.8
83.9
60.1
$ (35,993.9)
(34,881.0)
(29,699.4)
18.8 '
9.0
16-8
-------
Energy
Budget Authority.
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Uorkyears.
Total Workyears.....
Management and Support
Budget Authority.
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears.
Total Uorkyears.....
Buildings and Facilities
Budget Authori ty
Obligations
Outlays
SUBTOTAL,
OPERATING PROGRAMS
Budget Authority
Obii gat i ons
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Budget Authority
Obii gat i ons
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
$
$
s
$1
1
1
$1
1
Actual
1988
55,303.5
55,254.5
57,328.2
72.0
77.0
335,221.4
333,951.7
334,689.1
2,605.3
2,845.4
23,500.0
18,247.1
9,247.0
,581,042.3
,577,730.6
,573,120.2
10,683.2
11,482.9
,128,000.0
,497,370.3
828,912.0
2,451.9
2,642.2
Enacted
1989
$ 54,968.7
54,592.8
59,667.1
69.7
69.7
$ 367,918.6
368,217.9
368,449.3
2,730.9
2,878.0
$ .3,000.0
16,185.0
12,929.0
$1,730,125.0
1,733,634.0
1,672,413.0
11,325.6
11,740.0
$1, 425, 000.0
1,579,093.2
1,150,000.0
o
2,706.7
2,830.0
Current
Estimate
1989
S 54,903.2 $
54,528.0
59,595.6
68.6
68.6
$ 372,957.8 $
373,174.0
373,250.6
2,771.3
2,917.7
$ 16;514.8 ** $
16,185.0
12,929.0
$1,738,639.8 ** $
1,733,634.0
1,672,413.0
11,332.6
11,743.3
$1,579,093.2 ** $
1,579,093.2
1,150,000.0
2,701.7
2,824.7
Request
1990
38,207.7
37,766.0
52,016.0
52.4
52.4
423,000.8
423,332.4
415,768.7
2,971.9
2,971.9
8,000.0
8,163.0
18,623.0
1,833,000,0
1,832,732.4
1,820,107.0
11,942.0
11,942.0
1,750,000.0
1,750,000.0
1,375,000.0
2,535.0
3,035.0
Decrease
1990 Req. vs.
Current 1989'
$ (16,695.5)
(16,762.0)
(7,579.6)
(16.2)
(16.2)
* $ 50, 043.. 0
50,158.4
42,518.1
200.6
54.2
$ (8,514.8)
(8,022.0)
5,694.0
" $ 94,360.2
99,098.4
147,694.0
609.4
198.7
*** $ 170,906.8
170,906.8
225,000.0
(166.7)
210.3
16-9
-------
LUST Trust Fund
Budget Authori ty
Obi i gat i ons
Permanent Uorkyears. ....
Total Workyears. ........
Construction Grants
Budget Author ity
Operations, Research
and Facilities
Obligations
Out I ays .........i
Tolerances
Revolving Fund
Obi i gat ions
Out I ays
Misc. Contrib. Funds
Obi i gat ions.
Reregistration & Expedited
Processing Revolving Fund
Obi i gat ions
Outlays
Reimbursements • S&E
Obi i gat ions
Permanent Uorkyears
Total Workvears....
Actual
1988
$ 14,400.0
41,749.7
13,838.0
65.5
72.9
$2,304,000.0
2,793,098.0
2,514,461.0
$ 16.0
-88.0
$ 933.0
(196.0)
$ 15.0
7.0
*
$ 0.0
0.0
$ 20,444.1
62.6
65.2
Enacted
1989
$ 50,000.0
52,325.9
31,820.0
82.6
90.0
$1,950,000.0
2,527,000.0
2,390,000.0
$ 50.0
250.0
$ 1,000.0
(200.0)
$ 10.0
40.0
$ 5,000.0
(9,000.0)
$ 25,000.0
62.0
62.0
Current
Estimate
1989
$ 52,325.9 ** $
52,325.9
31,820.0
82.6
90.0
$1,950,000.0 $
2,527,000.0
2,390,000.0
$ 50.0 $
250.0
$ 1,000.0 $
(200.0)
$ 10.0 $
40.0
$ 5,000.0 $
(9,000.0)
$ 25,000.0 $
62.0
62.0
Request
1990
100,000.0
100,000.0
43,260.0
91.3
91.3
1,200,000.0
1,443,000.0
2,350,000.0
50.0
175.0
1,000.0
(200.0)
10.0
28.0
14,000.0
0.0
26,583.0
62.0
62.0
Increase/
Decrease
1990 Req. vs.
Current 1989
$ 47 674.1
47,674.1
11,440.0
8.7
1.3
$ (750,000.0)
(1;084, 000.0)
(40,000.0)
$ 0.0
(75.0)
$ 0.0
0.0
$ 0.0
(12.0)
$ 9,000.0
9,000.0
$ 1,583.0
0.0
0.0
16-10
-------
Actual
1988
Enacted
1989
Current
Estimate
1989
Request
1990
Reimbursements-Superfund
Obligations....... $ 13,548.4 $ 30,000.0 $ 30,000.0 $ 30,000.0
Reimbursements-R&D
Obligations $
Reimbursements-AC&C
Obligations $
0.0 $ 0.0 $ 5,000.0
0.0 S 0.0 $ 5,000.0
5,000.0
5,000.0
Increase/
Decrease
1990 Req. vs.
Current 1989
0.0
0.0
0.0
TOTAL, EPA
Budget Authority.......
Obi i gat ions
Permanent Uorkyears....
Total Workyears
$5,027,442.3
5,944,905.1
4,930,054.2
13,263.2
14,263.2
$5 15'i 125.0
5,953,113.1
5,235,323.0
14,176.9
14,722.0
$5,320,058.9 *
5,963,113.1
5,235,323.0
14,178.9
14,720.0
* $ 4 883 000.0
5 207,375.4
5,588,370.0
14,630.3
15,130.3
$ (437 058 9)
(755 737 7)
353,047.0
451.4
410.3
* Includes $21,417,400 in budget authority and obligations and $18,419,000 in outlays
from the Office of Inspector General appropriation.
** Includes planned prior year funds.
*** Includes $10,316,900 in budget authority and obligations and $2,467,000 in outlays
from the Office of Inspector General appropriation.
16-11
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Object Classification
Direct Obligations
(dollars in thousands)
Salaries and Expenses
Personnel Services $
Other objects:
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons ....
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.1 Rental payments to GSA...
23.2 Rental payments to others
23.3 Commun i cat ions, uti I i ties,
and misc. charges
24.0 Printing and reproduction
25.0 Other services
26.0 Supplies and materials —
31.0 Equipment
32.0 Land and structures
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
cont r i but i ons
42.0 Insurance, claims, and
indemnities.
subtotal, other objects...
Total obligations
Office of the Inspector General
Personnel Services
Other objects:
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons
23.1 Rental payments to GSA...
Actunl
1988
505.991.9 *
20.979.6
2,253.9
44.656.1
13,865.0
26,944.0
5,469.0
84,967.2
13,410.5
' 39,082.4
234.8
3;517.9
85.1
255,445.5
761,437.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
Current
Estimate
1989
523,248.0 *
23,365.6
4,738.3
53,915.9
16,747.0
32,545.0
8,529.9
98,767.6
13,125.7
25,332.5
1.0
3,675.5
8.0
280,752.0
804,000.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Increase/
decrease
Request 1990 Req. vs
1990 Current 1989
/
519,923.9 $
25,937.8
7,243.9
60,368.2
18,752.0
36,440.0
10,066.9
136,711.8
15,545.1
35,597.4
0.0
1,995.6
0.0
348,658.7
868,582.6
12,250.0
1,798.0
1,234.0
(3,324.1)
2,572.2
2,505.6
6,452.3
2,005.0
3,895.0
1,537.0
37,944.2
2,419.4
10,264.9
(1.0)
(1,679.9)
(8.0)
67,906.7
64,582.6
12,250.0
1,798.0
1,234.0
16-12
-------
23.3 Conrunications,utilities,
and misc. charges
25.0 Other services
subtotal, other objects...
Total obligations (OIG)....
Research and Development
25.0 Other services $
31.0 Equipment
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions
Total obligations
Abatement, Control, and
Compliance
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons..... $
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.3 Communications,uti lities,
and misc. charges
24.0 Printing and reproduction
25.0 Other services
26.0 Supplies and materials...
31.0 Equipment
33.0 Investments and loans
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions
Total obligations
Buildings and Facilities
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons $
Actual
1988
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
119,956.0 $
3,014.0
63,139.0
186,109.0
278.0 %
29.0
183.0
214.0
229,032.0
25.0
625.0
15,400.0
365,571.0
611,357.0
94.0 $
Current
Estimate
1989
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
117,106.0
1,672.0
81,757.0
200,535.0
327.0
7.0
2.0
10.0
335,317.0
3.0
3.0
31,500.0
345,745.0
712,914.0
98.0
Increase/
decrease
Request 1990 Req. vs
1990 Current 1989
1,129.0
15,323.0
19,484.0
31,734.0
S 139,201.0 $
12,348.0
82,762.0
234,311.0
S 596.0 S
4.0
0.0
6.0
341,584.0
1.0
1,960.0
0.0
356,107.0
700,258.0
$ 218.0 $
1,129.0
15,323.0
19,484.0
31,734.0
22,095.0
10,676.0
1,005.0
33,776.0
269.0
(3.0)
(2.0)
(4.0)
6,267.0
(2.0)
1,957.0
(31,500.0)
10,362.0
(12,656.0)
120.0
16-13
-------
22.0 Transportation of things.
25.0 Other services
26.0 Supplies and materials...
31.0 Equipment
32.0 Land and structures
Total obligations (B&F)...
Actual
1988
4.0
6,189.0
9.0
212.0
11,739.0
Current
Estimate
1989
0.0
6,188.0
0.0
0.0
9,899.0
Request
1990
0.0
7,435.0
0.0
0.0
510.0
Increase/
decrease
1990 Req. vs
Current 1989
0.0
1,247.0
0.0
0.0
(9,389.0)
18,247.0
16,185.0
8,163.0
(8,022.0)
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Personnel Services $ 108,957.0 $ 117,858.0 $ 120,687.0 $ 2,829.0
Other objects:
21 .0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.1 Rental payments to GSA...
23.2 Rental payments to others
23.3 Communications.uti lilies,
24.0 Printing and reproduction
25.0 Other services.
26.0 Supplies and materials...
31.0 Equipment
32.0 Land and structures......
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions
42.0 Insurance, claims, and
9,154.0
597.0
10,039.0
2,144.0
6,037.0
839.0
1,078,094.0
3,085.0
15,252.0
35.0
213,291.0
139.0
.10,035.0
1,819.0
11,654.0
2,489.0
7,008.0
2,006.0
1,076,840.0
4,645.0
22,884.0
0.0
270,884.0
50.0
11,325.0
1,022.0
12,005.0
2,564.0
7,219.0
1,706.0
1,178,061.0
3,534.0
20,099.0
0.0
330,540.0
0.0
1,290.0
(797.0)
351.0
75.0
211.0
'(300.0)
101,221.0
(1,111.0)
(2,785.0)
0.0
59,656.0
(50.0)
subtotal, other objects... 1,338,706.0 1,410,314.0 1,568,075.0 157,761.0
Subtotal direct obligations.. 1,447,663.0 1,528,172.0 1,688,762.0 160,590.0
ALLOCATION ACCOUNTS
Personnel Services.
Other objects:
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons.....
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.1 Rental payments to GSA...
8,086.0
1,334.0
109.0
32.0
8,283.0
1,367.0
112.0
33.0
8,283.0
1,367.0
112.0
33.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0:0
16-14
-------
23.3 Communications, utilities,
and misc. charges. .......
24.0 Printing and reproduction
25.0 Other services...........
26.0 Supplies and materials...
31 0 ECJU i pment . .
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions...
subtotal, allocation accts.
Reimbursable obligations
Total obligations
LUST Trust Fund
Personnel Services
Other objects:
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.1 Rental payments to GSA...
23.2 Rental payments to others
23.3 Conrounications.uti lilies,
and misc. charges........
24.0 Printing and reproduction
25.0 Other services
26.0 Supplies and materials...
31 0 ECJU i pment
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
cont r i but i ons
subtotal, other objects...
Actual
1988
198.0
73.0
32,177.0
224.0
1,624.0
5,851.0
49,708.0
13,548.0
1,510,919.0
$ 2,924.0
188.0
8.0
326.0
49.0
55.0
5.0
3,081.0
18.0
215.0
34,881.0
38,826.0
Current
Estimate
1989
203.0
75.0
32,961.0
229.0
1,664.0
5.994.0
50,921.0
30,000.0
1,609,093.0
$ 3,936.0
197.0
14.0
401 .0
60.0
68.0
39.0
4,362.0
106.0
316.0
42,827.0
48,390.0
Increase/
decrease
Request 1990 Req. vs
1990 Current 1989
203.0
75.0
32,961.0
229.0
1,664.0
5,994.0
50,921.0
30,000.0
1,769,683.0
$ 3,001.0 *
485.0
11.0
403.0
61.0
68.0
139.0
5,060.0
228.0
339.0
90,205.0
96,999.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
160,590.0
(935.0)
288.0
(3.0)
' 2.0
1.0
0.0
100.0
698.0
122.0
23.0
47,378.0
48,609.0
Total obligations (LUST).
41,750.0
52,326.0 100,000.0
47,674.0
16-15
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Summary of State Grant Resources
AIR
Section 105
WATER QUALITY
Section 106 .......
Clean Lakes
DRINKING WATER
Public Water Systems
Program Grants
Underground Injection
Control Program
Special Studies & Demos .
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste
Management . . . . ' . . .
Underground Storage Tanks
PESTICIDES
Pesticide Enforcement
Grants
Pesticide Certification
& Training .......
Pesticides Program
Implementation .....
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxics Enforcement
Grants
SUBTOTAL . .
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS . . .
TOTAL .......
(in thousands
ACTUAL
1988
S94. 164.0
60.915.4
60,915.4
47.747.1
33,424.4
11,322.8
2,999.9
75.703.7
68,593.7
7,110.0
12.951.5
8,936.3
4,015.2
2.271.1
. $293,752.8
. 2,793,098.2
.$3.086.851.0
of dollars)
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
'$101.500.0
79.600.0
67,100.0
12,500.0
46.950.0
33,450.0
10,500.0
3,000.0
75.020.0
66,020.0
9.000.0
12.803.4
8,803.4
4,000.0
2.200.0
$318,073.4
1,950.000.0
$2.268.073.4
ESTIMATE
1990
S99. 700.0
85.200.0
83,200.0
2,000.0
51.950.0
40,450.0
10.500.0
1,000.0
79.000.0
70.00Q.O
9,000.0
25.303.4
12,803.4
12,500.0
3.200.0
$344.353.4
1,200,000.0
$1.544.353.4
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
- $1 . 800 . 0
+5.600.0
+16,100.0
-10,500.0
+5.000.0
+7 , 000 . 0
-2,000.0
+3.980.0
+3,980.0
+12.500.0
+4,000 0
-4 000 0
+12,500.0
+1.000.0
+$26,280.0
-750,000.0
-$723.720.0
16-16
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions By Grade
SALARIES AND EXPENSES
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
Grades 1988 1989 1990
Executive Level II . 1 1 1
Executive Level IV . . 8 10 10
Executive Level V. . 1 1 i_i_i__
Subtotal . 10 12 11
ES-6 3 3 3
ES-5 . 34 36 35
ES-4 83 89 86
ES-3 . 73 78 76
ES-2 13 14 14
ES-1 11 12 12
Subtotal 217 232 226
GS-17 1 1 1
GS-16 11 11 12
GS/GM-15 . . • 635 645 667
GS/GM-14 '.....'.' 1,354 1,375 1,421
GS/GM-13 . 2,007 2,038 2,107
GS-12. . 2,027 2,059 2,128
GS-11. 1,087 1,104 1,141
GS-10 66 67 69
GS-9 827 840 868
GS-8 192 195 202
GS-7 922 937 976
GS-6 ' 523 531 549
GS-5 654 664 687
GS-4 297 302 312
GS-3 46 48 48
GS-2 . . . 7 7 7
GS-1 . IJ_I ,_,_,_
Subtotal 10,656 10,824 11,195
Positions established by act of July 1, 1974
(42 U.S.C. 207):
Director grade 06, $33,878 to $58,526. . . 62 62 62
Senior grade 05, $27,095 to $47,751 98 98 98
Full grade 04, $22,841 to $39,930 39 39 39
Assistant grade 03, $21,226 to $34,534 . . . 8 8 8_
Subtotal ............ 207 207 207
Positions established by act of November 16, ,
1977 (42 U.S.C. 201) compensation for which
is not to exceed the maximum rate payable
for a GS-18. 7 7 . 7
Ungraded 50 51 53
TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS 11,147 11,333 11,699
16-17
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions By Grade
OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL
Grades
Executive Level V. . . . .
Subtotal . . ,
'"'ES-5
ES-4
ES-3 . . . . . . . . . . ,
Subtotal .
"GS/GM-15 ....
GS/GM-14 . .
GS/GM-13 . ' .
GS-12. . .
GS-11. ..........
GS-10
GS-9
GS-8 • ,
GS-7
GS-6
GS-5 . . : . .
'GS-A . ,
•GS-3..
GS-2
Subtotal . . .
TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS,
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
1988 1989 1990
20
AO
80
61
20
2
19
3
35
8
7
7
1
1_
304
311
16-18
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions Bv Grade
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPERFUND
Grades
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
1988 1989 1990
ES-5 1 3, 3
ES-4 5 7 7
ES-3 . 7 8 8
ES-2 2 8 8
ES-1 , 3 4 4
Subtotal ............ 18 30 30
GS/GM-15 72 81 74
GS/GM-14 194 218 198
GS/GM-13 460 516 471
GS-12. 645 725 660
GS-11 293 329 300
GS-10 1 1 1
GS-9 192 215 196
GS-8 12 13 12
GS-7 148 166 151
GS-6 71 80 73
GS-5 157 176 161
GS-4 , 101 113 103
GS-3 17 19 17
GS-2 . 3 33
Subtotal .... 2,366 2,655 2,420
Positions established by act of July 1, 1974
(42 U.S.C. 207):
Director grade 06, $33,878 to $58,526. .. 6 6 6
Senior grade 05, $27,095 to $47,751. ... 4 4 4
Full grade 04, $22,841 to $39,930 5 5 5
Assistant grade 03, $21,226 to $34,534 . . . 2 2 2_
Subtotal 17 17 17
TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS 2,401 2,702 2,467
16-19
-------
1 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
''•-•"'• -Permanent Positions By Grade
LEAKING .UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST)
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
Grades 1988 1989 1990
:• it
-GS/GM-15- .-. -.--. .'•• . 1 1 2
GS/GM-14 6 7 9
GS/GM-13,. ...:..... 14 16 9
GS-12. ...... ......... 15 17 23
?-'.jss.-ii .::... 9 10 12
GS-9 ......'......... 12 13 8
^ GS-7 . 4 5 11
GS-6 ..:... 2 2 2
GS-5 3 6 8
GS-4 . . ';.. . 2 5 6
GS-3 ... ... ...
GS-2 . . . . . ^_
Subtotal 68 82 90
Positions established by act of July 1, 1974
(42 U.S.C. 207):
Director grade 06. $33,878 to $58,526. . . 1 1 1
TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS. ; . 69 83 91
16-20
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions By Grade
REIMBURSABLE^
(SALARIES AND EXPENSES)
Grades
GS/GM-15 .
GS/GM-14 .
GS/GM-13
GS-12
GS-11
GS-IO :
GS-9 . . i . . .
GS-8
GS-7
GS-6
GS-5
Subtotal ...
Positions established by act of July 1, 1974
(42 U.S.C. 207):
Director grade 06, $33,878 to $58,526. . .
Senior grade 05, $27,095 to $47,751. ...
Subtotal
TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
1988 1989 . 1990
3
3
4
10
6
2
9
5
2
4
5
53
6
2
4
11
6
2
9
5
2
4
5
54
6
2
8
3
3
; ' 4
11
- 6
.; 2
"' ' 9
':.., 5
:J 2
4
5_
54
61
62
62
16-21
-------
^ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
(•> Average Grade and Salary ; ,,i
Approprlation/Pav Plan
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
1988 1989 1990
Salaries and Expenses
Average ES Salary. . . .... ... . . ... $72,643 $74,163 $77,203
Average GS/GM Grade. . . . . 10.8 10.8 10.8
Average GS/GM Salary ..... ... . . .. $36,627 $38,000 $39,558
Average Salary of Ungraded Positions . . . $13,698 $14,211 $14,793
Office of the Inspector General ,
Average ES Salary. ............. — — $76,888
Average GS/GM Grade. .. — - ->- 11.3
Average GS/GM Salary . . , . . , --- --- $39,910
Superfund
Average ES Salary. ..'... $71,209 $73,879 $73,879
Average GS/GM Grade. . . . . . ... 10.7 10.7 10.7
Average GS/GM Salary . .......... $34,298 $35,584 $37,042
Leaking Underground Storage Tank
Average ES Salary.
Average GS/GM Grade. ..... 11.0 10.4 10.1
Average GS/GM Salary . .... . , . . . . $34,425 $35,715 $37,179
Reimbursables
Average GS/GM Grade. ....... . .' . . 10.0 10.0 10.0
Average GS/GM Salary . ..... $32,571 $33.793 $35,177
TOTAL AGENCY AVERAGE .
Average ES Salary. . . ... .... . . . $71,926 $74,306 $75,500
Average GS/GM Grade. 10.8 10.7 10.8
Average GS/GM Salary . . . . . . . .. . . . $34,480 $35,773 $37,239
Average Salary of Ungraded Positions . . . $13,698 $14.211 $14.793
16-22
------- |