xvEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of
the Comptroller
Washington, DC 20460
                                           January 1989
          tne
                                     Budget

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990  Budget  Estimate

                              Table of Contents

                                                                         Page

SUBJECT INDEX                                                             9

SUMMARY                                                                 1-1

AIR                                                                     2-1

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   Air Quality Research	2-8
      Scientific Assessment.	  2-15
      Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 	  2-16
      Health Effects	  2-18
      Environmental Engineering and Technology	  2-20
      Environmental Processes and Effects	..: 2-22
      Characterization, Transport and Fate	2-23
      ,Stratospheric Modification  	2-25
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
      Air Quality and Stationary Source Planning and Standards  .  .  .  .  2-27
      Emission Standards and .Technology Assessment	  2-29
      National Pollutant Policies, Strategies and Rules	2-31
      State Program Guidelines and Air Standards Development  .  .  .  ...  2-34
   Mobile Source Air Pollution Control and Fuel Economy	  2-37
      Emission Standards, Technical Assessment and Characterization.  .  2-39
      Testing, Technical and Administrative Support	2-40
      Emissions and Fuel Economy Compliance	2-42
   State Programs Resource Assistance	2-44
      Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 105 Grants)  .  .  2-45
      Training	2-48
   Air Quality Management Implementation 	  2-49
   Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment 	  2-53
      Ambient Air Quality Monitoring';!	2-55
      Air Quality and Emissions-Data Management and Analysis	2-57
ENFORCEMENT   ,
   Stationary Source Enforcement  	  2-60
   Mobile Source Enforcement 	  2-65


WATER QUALITY                                                           3-1

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   Water Quality Research	3-10
      .Scientific Assessment. .:  .	3-14
      Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 	  3-15
      Health Effects	."	3-17

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                              Table of Contents
                                 (Continued)
      Environmental Engineering and Technology 	  3-18
      Environmental Processes and Effects	3-19
      Great Lakes	3-20
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
   Water Quality and Grants Program Management 	 .  	  3-22
      Water Quality Management 	  3-24
      Great Lakes Program	3-26
      Chesapeake Bay Program 	  3-28
   Effluent Standards and Guidelines 	  3-31
   Grants Assistance Programs	3-34
      Clean Lakes Program	3-35
      Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106)	3-36
   Water Quality Strategies Implementation 	  3-40
      Wetlands Protection	3-42
      Ocean Disposal Permits	  3-45
      Environmental Emergency Response and Prevention	3-47
      Standards and Regulations	3-48
   Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis	  3-51
      Coastal Environment Management 	  3-53
      Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis	3-55
   Municipal Source Control	3-58
      Municipal Waste Treatment Facility Construction	3-60
      Waste Treatment Operations and Maintenance 	  3-62
ENFORCEMENT
   Water Quality Enforcement 	  3-65
   Water Quality Permit Issuance	 .  .  .  .  3-69


DRINKING WATER                                                          4-1

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   Drinking Water Research 	  4-7
      Scientific Assessment	4-11
      Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 	  4-12
      Health Effects 	  4-13
      Environmental Engineering and Technology	4-15,,
      Environmental Processes and Effects	4-16
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL                                       '        -,       .
   Drinking Water Criteria, Standards and Guidelines	  . " 4-/J.S
      Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 	  4-20
      Drinking Water Implementation	^,*22
   Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance	4 7 25
      Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants	  <4,T26
      Underground Injection Control Program Grants 	  4-28
      Special Studies and Demonstrations	,4-30
   Drinking Water Management 	  ... ,4-32
      Public Water Systems Supervision Program Assistance	4-34
      Underground Injection Control Program	4-36

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                              Table of Contents
                                 (Continued)
                                                                         Page

Ground-Water Protection	  4-39
ENFORCEMENT
   Drinking Water Enforcement	  4-44
HAZARDOUS WASTE                                                         5-1

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   Hazardous Waste Research	5-7
      Scientific Assessment	5-12
      Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance	  5-13
      Health Effects 	  5-15
      Environmental Engineering and Technology 	  5-15
      Environmental Processes and Effects	^	5-17
      Integrated Hazardous Waste Research	5-18
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
   Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines and Policies 	  5-20
      Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Hazardous Waste 	  5-22
      Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Air and Radiation ....  5-24
      Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Water 	  5-25
      Regulations, Guidelines & Policies - Underground Storage Tanks  .  5-27
   Financial Assistance	5-30
      Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance to States.  ...  5-31
      Underground Storage Tanks State Grants 	  5-33
   Waste Management Strategies Implementation	5-34
      Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation.  5-35
   Emergency Planning/Community Right-to-know - Title III	5-37
ENFORCEMENT
   Hazardous Waste Enforcement 	  5-41
PESTICIDES                                                              6-1

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   Pesticides Research 	  6-7
      Scientific Assessment	6-13
      Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 	 ...  6-14
      Health Effects 	  6-15
      Environmental Engineering and Technology 	  6-16
      Environmental Processes and Effects	6-17
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
   Registration, Special Registration and Tolerances 	  6-19
      Registration, Special Registration and Tolerances	6-21
      Special Registration 	  6-23
      Tolerances	6-24
   Generic Chemical Review 	  6-25
   Pesticides Program Implementation	6-30

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                              Table of Contents
                                 (Continued)
      Pesticides Program Implementation	6-31
      Pesticides Program Implementation Grants 	  6-32
ENFORCEMENT
   Pesticides Enforcement	  6-34
      Pesticides Enforcement 	 	  6-35
      Pesticides Enforcement Grants	6-36
RADIATION                                                               7-1

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   Radiation Research	7-6
      Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 	  7-9
      Environmental Engineering and Technology 	  7-10
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
   Radiation Criteria,  Standards and Guidelines	7-12
   Radiation Program Implementation	7-16
   Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment 	  7-19
   Radon Action Program	7-22
   Radon Action Program Implementation 	  7-26
INTERDISCIPLINARY                                                       8-1

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   Intermedia Programs	8-4
      Scientific Assessment	8-12
      Technical Information and Liaison.	  8-13
      Quality Assurance Management 	  8-15
      Exploratory Research Core Program	8-15
      Reduction of Uncertainties in Risk Assessment (RURA) 	  8-17
      Human Exposure	8-18
      Basic Ecological Research	8-19
      Capital Investments	8-19
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
   Environmental Review and Coordination 	  8-21
   Agencywide Technology Transfer Staff	8-24
   Academic Training Grants	8-27
ENFORCEMENT
   Enforcement Policy and Technical Support	8-29
      Enforcement Policy and Operations	8-32
      Criminal Investigations Program	8-36
      Technical Support - Office of Enforcement and Compliance
        Monitoring	8-38

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                              Table of Contents
                                 (Continued)
                                                                         Page

TOXIC SUBSTANCES                                                        9-1

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   Toxics Substances Research	9-7
      Scientific Assessment	9-14
      Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 	  9-14
      Health Effects 	  9-16
      Environmental Engineering and Technology 	  9-17
      Environmental Processes and Effects	9:18
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
   Toxic Substances Financial Assistance ....  	  9-21
      Asbestos-in-Schools Loans and Grants 	  9-23
      Asbestos-in-Schools Program Administration 	  9-24
      Asbestos-in-Schools Contractor and Inspector Certification ...  9-25
   Toxic Substances Strategies 	 .....  9-26
      Chemical Testing 	  9-28
      Existing Chemical Review 	  9-29
      New Chemical Review	9-32
      Asbestos-in-Buildings	9-33
      Regional Toxics Program	9-34
   OPTS Title III	  9-36
ENFORCEMENT
   Toxic Substances Enforcement	  9-40
      Toxic.Substances Enforcement 	  9-41
      Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants	9-43
   OPTS Title III Enforcement	9-44
ENERGY                                                                 10-1

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   Multi-Media Energy	10-3
      Acid Deposition	10-8
      Environmental Engineering and Technology 	 10-10
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT                                                 11-1

PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
   Program Management	11-6
      Program Management - Air and Radiation	11-9
      Program Management - Water 	 11-10
      Program Management - Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring .  .   . 11-10
      Program Management - External Affairs	11-11
      Program Management - Pesticides and Toxic Substances 	 11-12
      Program Management - General Counsel 	 11-13
      Program Management - Research and Development	11-13
      Program Management - Solid Waste and Emergency Response	11-14

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                              Table of Contents
                                 (Continued)
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
   Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices 	 11-16
      Immediate Office of the Administrator	11-19
      Office of Regional Operations	11-20
      Office of Executive Support	11-20
      Administrator's Representation Fund	11-21
      Office of International Activities 	 11-22
      Office of Civil Rights 	 11-23
      Science Advisory Board 	 11-24
      Office of Administrative Law Judges	11-24
      Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization 	 11-25
   Office of Inspector General 	 11-27
      Office of Inspector General	11-28
   Office of General Counsel 	 11-31
      General Counsel	11-32
   Office of External Affairs	11-33
      Office of Legislative Analysis 	 11-35
      Office of Congressional Liaison	11-36
      Office of Public Affairs 	 11-36
      Office of Community and Intergovernmental Relations	11-37
      Office of Federal Activities 	 11-38
   Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation 	 11-40
      Program Management - Policy, Planning and Evaluation 	 11-42
      Integrated Environmental Management Program.  	 11-43
      Office of Policy Analysis	11-44
      Office of Standards and Regulations	11-46
      Office of Management Systems and Evaluation	11-47
      Pollution Prevention Program ... 	 11-49
   Office of Administration and Resources Management 	 11-51
      Program Management-Administration	11-54
      Financial Management - Headquarters	11-55
      Office of the Comptroller	11-56
      Contracts and Grants Management - Headquarters 	 11-57
      Organization and Health Services 	 11-58
      Facilities and Management Services 	 11-59
      Information Systems and Services 	 11-60
      Human Resources Management 	 11-61
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
   Regional Management 	 11-63
      Resource Management - Regions	11-66
      Financial Management - Regions 	 11-66
      Personnel Management - Regions 	 11-67
      Administrative Management - Regions	11-68
      Regional Management	11-68
      Regional Counsel 	 11-69
      Planning, Evaluation and Analysis - Regions	11-70

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                              Table of Contents
                                 (Continued)
SUPPORT COSTS
   Support Costs 	 11-72
      Professional Training	11-73
      Nationwide Support Services	11-74
      Headquarters Support Services	11-74
      Regional Support Services	11-75
      Automated Data Processing Support Costs	11-76
      Lab Support - Research and Development 	 11-77
      Lab Support - Air and Radiation	11-77
      Lab Support - Pesticides and Toxic Substances	11-78
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES                                               12-1

   Buildings and Facilities	'.	12-3
      New Facilities	12-4
      Repairs and Improvements	12.-4
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS                                                    13-1

   Construction Grants 	 13-3

SUPERFUND                                                              14-1

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   Hazardous Substance Research	14-8
      Scientific Assessment	14-16
      Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 	 14-17
      Health Effects	; 14-19
      Environmental Engineering and Technology 	 14-20
      Environmental Processes and Effects	14-22
      Exploratory Research 	 14-23
      Technical Information and Liaison	14-24
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE
   Hazardous Substance Response	14-25
      Hazardous Spill and Site Response	14-26
   Hazardous Substance Response - Support	14-34
      Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Water 	 14-35
      Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Air and Radiation .   .  . 14-37
   Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency	14-38
      Department of Health and Human Services	14-40
      United States Coast Guard	14-42
      Department of Justice	14-43
      Federal Emergency Management Agency	14-43
      National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration	14-44
      Department of the Interior	14-45
      Occupational Safety and Health Administration. .  .	 14-46

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                              Table of Contents
                                 (Continued)
ENFORCEMENT
   Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement	14-47
      Hazardous Substance Technical Support - Office of Enforcementnt
        and Compliance Monitoring	14-49
      Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement	14-51
      Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement	 14-53
      Hazardous Substance Criminal Investigations	14-56
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
   Hazardous Substance Management and Support	14-58
      Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Headquarters	14-64
      Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Regions 	 14-65
      Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters  .  . 14-65
      Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Regions	14-66
      Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants
        Management - Headquarters	14-67
      Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants
        Management - Regions 	 14-68
      Hazardous Substance Support Services - Headquarters	14-68
      Hazardous Substance Support Services - Regions 	 14-69
      Hazardous Substance Computer Services	14-69
      Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Headquarters	14-70
      Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Regions 	 14-70
      Hazardous Substance - Office of the Inspector General	14-71
      Hazardous Substance - Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation. 14-72
      Hazardous Substance - Office of the Comptroller	14-74
      Hazardous Substance - Office of External Affairs 	 14-74
      Hazardous Substance - Executive Offices	14-75
      Hazardous Substance - Office of Research
        and Development - Lab Support.	14-76

LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS                                      15-1

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   LUST Technical Support	15-4
      Environmental Engineering and Technology 	 15-6
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
   LUST Guidelines and Implementation	15-8
ENFORCEMENT
   LUST Enforcement - Office of Enforcement and Compliance
     Monitoring	15-11
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
   Management and Support	15-13
      Policy and Analysis - Office of Policy, Planning and
        Evaluation	15-15
      Administrative Management - Headquarters 	 15-16
      Administrative Management - Regions	15-16
      Legal Services - Office of General Counsel 	 15-17
SPECIAL ANALYSES                                                       16-1

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990 Budget Estimate

                            Subject Index by Media

                                                           Paj
AIR
Acid Aerosols	2-5,15,16,17,19,
                                                           23,34,35,36
Acid Deposition	2-5
Air Quality Monitoring 	  2-16,17,18,55
Air Toxics 	  2-2,3,4,15,16,17,19,
                                                           23,29,30,35,39,40,
                                                           45,46,47,50,51,52,
                                                           58
Compliance Monitoring Inspections	2-32
Consulting Services - Air	2-6
Enforcement - Air	2-2,3,4,7,32,41,45,
                                                           47,60,65
Fuel Economy 	  2-41,42,43
Global Climate Change	2,5,25,26,34
Health Effects Institute - Air 	  2-19
Indoor Air 	  2-2,4,5,16,17,19,21,
                                                           31,32,33
Inspection and Maintenance Program - Air 	  2-3,40,45
In-use Emission Factors	2-40
Mobile Source Pollutants 	  	  2-17,19,24
Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory 	  2-41
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) 	  2-2,3,15,16,17,19,
                                                           22,23,34,35,36,47,
                                                           48,50,51,56,57,58
National Crop Loss Assessment Network (NCLAN)	2-22
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
  Pollutants (NESHAPs) 	  2-3,4,7,17,29,30,
                                                           31,46,47,52
National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES-III).  .  .  .  2-20
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS)	2-17,21,23,29,30,
                                                           31,46,47
Ozone	2-2,3,4,5,16,19,22,
                                                           23,29,30,31,32,
                                                           33,34,35,36,39,
                                                           40,45,46,47,50,
                                                           56,57,58,59
Particulate Matter (PM10)	2-3,4,15,19,23,29,
                                                           34,35,45,46,47,
                                                           50,51,55,56,57,58
Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD)	  2-34,35,36,45,46,50,
                                                           51
Regional Modeling of Air Pollutants	2-23,24
Regional Oxidant Model 	  2-23
Selective Enforcement Audits 	  2-3
State Grants - Air	2-44,45,46,47

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                            Subject Index by Media
                                 (Continued)
                                                           Page

State Implementation Plans (SIPs)	2-2,3,17,21,23,30,
                                                           34,35,36,40,45,
                                                           46,47,50,51,56,
                                                           57,58,59
Stationary Source Enforcement	2-60
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion	2-2,4,25,26,31,33
Tampering and Fuel Switching	2-41
WATER QUALITY

Advanced Wastewater Treatment Reviews	3-62
Aquatic Life Research	3-16
Biomonitoring	3-16,37,38,39,56,
                                                           57
Chesapeake Bay Program 	  3-4,19,28,29,30
Chesapeake Bay Toxics Reduction Strategy 	  3-28,29
Clean Lakes	3-35,36
Coastal Environment Management 	  .  .  .  3-3,4,19,20,53,54,
                                                           55
Constructed Wetlands 	  3-3,18,19,20
Construction Grants Management 	  3-6,60,61,62,63,64
Corps of Engineers 	  3-42,43,44,45,46,60,
                                                           61,62
Consulting Services - Water Quality	3-7
Effluent Guidelines	3-15,32,33
Emergency Response - Water Quality 	  3-47,14-34,35
Enforcement - Water Quality. .  .  	  3-7,37,38,39,66,67,
                                                           68
Great Lakes Program	3-4,20,21,26,27,28
Great Lakes Replacement Research Vessel	  .  .  3-26,27
Gulf of Mexico Initiative	3-3,53,54,55
Indian Tribes - Water Quality	3-24,25,26,37,38,48,
                                                           49,50,60,61,62
International Pollution Control Agreements 	  3-4,21,26,27
Marine Outfalls - Section 301(h)  	  3-54,55
National Estuary Program 	  3-4,53,54,55
Near Coastal Waters	3-3,19,20,53,54,55
New York Bight	3-4,45,46
Nonpoint Sources 	  3-4,5,24,25,27,28,
                                                           29,30,36
NPDES Permits	3-5,7,37,38,54,66,
                                                           67,68,70,71,72
Ocean Disposal 	  3-2,19,20,45,46
Operations and Maintenance 	  3-62,63,64
Operator Training -Water Quality 	  3-63,64
Pretreatment 	  3-5,7,37,38,39,66,
                                                           67,68,70,71,72
                                     10

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                           Subject Index by Media
                                 (Continued)
                                                           Page

Sludge Management	3-5,15,20,37,38,39,
                                                           48,49,50,63,70,71,
                                                           72
State Clean Water Strategies 	  3-3
State Grants - Water Quality 	  3-24,25,26,35,36,37,
                                                           38,39
State Revolving Funds	3-6,60,61,62
Toxic Pollutant Controls 	  3-5,6,19,20,26,27,
                                                           28,29,37,38,39,
                                                           48,49,56,57,66,
                                                           67,68,70,71,72
Wastewater Treatment Compliance	3-7,37,38,63,64,66,
                                                           67,68
Water Quality Permit Issuance.	3-5,37,38,39,70,71,
                                                           72
Wetlands (Section 404) 	  3-3,42,43,44
DRINKING WATER

Class V Wells	  4-2,4,23,24,28,29,
                                                           30,37,38,45
Drinking Water Implementation	4-22,23,24
Enforcement - Drinking Water 	  4-45,46,47
Epidemiology 	  4-14,15
Ground-Water Activities	4-2,4,5,13,16,40,
                                                           41,42,43
Ground-Water Protection Strategies 	  4-4,40,41,42,43
Ground-Water Research Activities 	  4-5,13,16
Health Advisories	4-14,21
Health Effects - Drinking Water	4-13,14,15
Indian Tribes -Drinking Water	4-24,27,28,29,35,
                                                           36,37,38
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations	4-2,13,20,23,27,35,
                                                           45
National Rural Water Association 	  4-30,31
National Survey of Pesticides	4-20,21
Public Water Systems Supervision 	  4-3,22,26,27,31
Rural Community Assistance Programs.  ...  	  4-30,31
Small Systems Engineering Research 	  4-15
Small Systems Initiative 	4-22,30,31
State Grants - Drinking Water	4-26,27,28,29,30,31
Underground Injection Control	4-4,13,16,23,24,28,
                                                           36,37,38
Wellhead Protection	4-2,16,40,41,42,43
                                      11

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                            Subject  Index by Media
                                 (Continued)
                                                           Page
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Air Emission Standards 	 5-24
Chemical Emergency Planning. .  .  .  	 5-12,38
Community Right-to-know	5-12,14,1(5,38
Compliance Inspections 	 5-43
Consulting Services - Hazardous Waste	5-5
Corrective Action	5-42
Domestic Sewage Study	5-25
Enforcement - Hazardous Waste	5-42
Financial Responsibility 	 5-24
Ground Water Monitoring	5-14,24
Hazardous Waste Research 	 5-11,12,14
Incineration 	 5-12,15,16,24
Innovative/Alternatives Technologies 	 5-11,16
Land Banning Activities	5-24
Land Disposal	5-11,16,24
Listing/Delisting	5-18,23
Medical Waste	5-22
Mining Waste 	 5-4
Monitoring Methods	5-13,43
Municipal Waste Incineration 	 5-12,16,22
Municipal Wastewater Lagoon Study	.5-27
Permitting	5-35
Policy and Guidance	5-22
Pollution Prevention 	 5-5,17
POTW Requirements - Hazardous Waste	5-25
Quality Assurance - Hazardous Waste	5-12,14
Regulations Development	5-22
Reports to Congress	5-24
Risk Assessment - Hazardous Waste	5-11,12,17
Solid Waste	5-36
State Authorizations -Hazardous Waste	5-36
State Grants - Hazardous Waste 	 5-31
Subtitle D Criteria	5-36
Surface Impoundments 	 5-16
Title III - Hazardous Waste	5-12,14,16,38
Treatment Standards	5-22
UIC Requirements (RCRA)	5-26
Underground Storage Tanks - Regulations and Guidelines  . 5-12,27
Underground Storage Tanks Grants 	 5-33
Waste Characterization 	 5-2,11,13
Waste Minimization/Pollution Prevention	5-3,17
PESTICIDES

Biotechnology	6-4,22
Biotechnology Research 	 6-4,13,14,15,17
                                      12

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                            Subject  Index by Media
                                 (Continued)
                                                           Page

Certification and Training	 6-23,29,33
Consulting Services - Pesticides	'1 ..... 6-4
Data Call-in 	 6-23,26,29
Disposal 	 6-2,4,16,22,26,29,
                                                           32,33
Emergency Exemptions 	 6-5,22,24
Endangered Species 	 6-2,3,22,26,31,33
Experimental Use Permit	6-2,5,22

Pesticides Protection/Workers Exposed to Pesticides. .   . 6-2,4,23,26,31,33,
                                                           35,37
Ground Water - Pesticides	6-2,4,14,17,21,26,
                                                           31,33
National Survey of Pesticides in Drinking Water	6-27
Nebraska and Colorado Enforcement Program	6-33
Pesticide Program Implementation 	 6-23,30,33
Reregistration 	 6-2,3,26,28,37
Registration Fees	6-21,23
Registration Standards 	 6-3,5,6,26,29
Risk Assessment - Pesticides	   . 6-3,4,13,15
Special Review (RPAR)	6-3,5,27,29
State Grants - Pesticides	6-31,32
Tolerances	 6-2,3,5,19,24,26,28
RADIATION

Airborne Radionuclide Standards	7-13
Environmental Radiation Ambient
  Monitoring System (ERAMS).  .	  	  7-3,20,21
Nevada Nuclear Test Site 	  7-9,10
Radiological Emergency Response Plans	7-17
Radon Mitigation Research	7-4,10,11
INTERDISCIPLINARY

Agencywide Technology Transfer Staff 	  8-25
Case Referrals	8-33
Compliance Monitoring	8-38
Criminal Investigations	8-36
Ecological Trends	8-19
Ecological Research Initiative 	  8-19
Ecological Risk Assessment	8-18
Enforcement - Interdisciplinary	8-32
Enforcement Policy and Operations	8-32
Environmental Review and Coordination	8-22
Evidence Audits	8-38
                                     13

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                            Subject  Index by Media
                                 (Continued)
                                                           Page

Exploratory Research 	 8-15
Federal Agencies Compliance	8-22
Human Exposure Research	8-18
Human Health Risk Assessment - Interdisciplinary .  .  .   .8-17
Indians Programs - Interdisciplinary 	 8-22
Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS)	8-12
Academic Training Grants 	 8-28
Litigation	8-32
National Enforcement Investigation Center (NEIC) .  .  .   .8-38
NEPA Compliance Program	8-22
Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring	 8-32
Quality Assurance Interdisciplinary	8-15
Reduction of Uncertainties in Risk Assessment (RURA)  .   . 8-17
Regulatory Support - Interdisciplinary 	 8-14
Risk Assessment Guidelines - Interdisciplinary 	 8-12
Scientific Equipment 	 8-19
Small Business Innovation Research  	 8-16
Technical Information	8-14
Technology Transfer - ORD	8-14
Distinguished Visiting Scientists Program	8-16
TOXIC SUBSTANCES

Adipose Tissue Survey	9-30,31
Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) 	 9-2,6,23-25,33-35,
                                                           41-43
Asbestos in Federal Buildings	9-24
Asbestos in Public Buildings 	 9-3,6,23-25,33,34
Asbestos Regulations 	 9-23-25,30-34
Asbestos Research	9-4,13,15,17,18,34
Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA)  	 9-2,6,23-25,34
Asbestos  Accreditation Programs 	 9-25,33,34
Biotechnology	9-2,5,13,15,17,18,
                                                           19,32,33
Biotechnology Research 	 9-4
Comprehensive Assessment Information Rule (CAIR)  .... 9-29-31
Consulting Services - Toxic Substances 	 9-4
Enforcement - Toxic Substances 	 9-4,40-43,45,46
Existing Chemical Review 	 9-2,3,5,29-31
Expedited New Chemical Follow-up 	 9-32,33
Interagency Testing Committee (ITC)	9-28,29
Lab/Data Integrity 	 9-6,41-43
Polychlorinated Biphenynls (PCBS)	9-2-6,29-31,35,
                                                           41-43
Premanufacture Notice Fees 	 9-32,33
Regional Toxics Program	9-3,34,35
Risk Assessment - Toxic Substances 	 9-3,5,12,14,15,
                                                           29-31
SARA Section 110 Toxicological Profiles	9-3,28
                                      14

-------
                            Subject  Index by Media
                                 (Continued)
Significant New Use Rule (SNUR)	9-32,33
Test Guidelines	9-5,28,29
Test Rules 	 9-3,5,28,29,42
Title III Enforcement	9-4,6,44-47
Title III Research Support 	 9-4,13,14,15,18
Title III Toxic Release Inventory	9-2,3,6,28-31,37-39,
                                                           45-47
ENERGY

Acid Deposition	10-8,9,10
Acid Rain	10-2
Limestone Injection Multistage Burner (LIMB) 	 10-7,10,11
National Surface Water Survey	10-9
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT

Audits and Investigations	.'....'	11-27
Automated Data Processing (ADP)	11-60,61,68,76,77
Fiscal Integrity 	 .  	 11-55,66
Global Climate Change. .....  	 11-22,44,45,46
Human Resources Management 	 11-61,62
International Activities 	 11-22
Legal Advice .	11-31
Legislation/Congressional Liaison Activities 	 11-35,36
Maintenance and Repair Projects	11-4
Management Systems Integrated	11-56
Managing for Environmental Results 	 11-47,48,49
Office of General Counsel	11-32
Regulatory Reform - OPPE 	 11-46,47
Support Services 	 11-73-78
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS

Active Projects - Construction Grants	13-2,3,4
Administration's Phaseout - Construction Grants	13-3
Obligation/Outlays - Construction Grants	  . 13-3,4.
Set-Asides - Construction Grants 	 13-2,3,4
State Revolving Funds - Construction GRants	13-2,3
SUPERFUND

Alternative Technologies 	  14-4,15,18,21
Consulting Services - Superfund	14-5
                                      15

-------
                            Subject  Index by Media
                                 (Continued)
                                                           Page

Cost Recovery - Superfund	14-51,52,53-56
Criminal Investigations - Superfund	14-56
Emergency Response - Superfund 	 14-29
Enforcement - Superfund	;'	14-49
Environmental Response Team	14-29
Health Research - Superfund	14-19
Interagency - Superfund	14-40
Management - Superfund 	 14-64
Office of Inspector General - Superfund	14-71
Remedial Response	14-26
Research and Development - Superfund 	 14-4,8-24
SITE Program	 14-4,20,21
Support Services - Superfund 	 14-35
University Research Centers	14-15,23,24
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK

Consulting Services - LUST	15-3
Cooperative Agreements - LUST	15-9
Corrective Action - LUST	15-9
Cost Recovery - LUST	15-9
Enforcement - LUST	15-11,12
Guidelines - LUST.	,   . 15-9
Management - LUST	15-13,15
Technical Support - LUST 	 15-5,6
                                     16

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990 Budget Estimate

                         Alphabetical Subject Index
A

Academic Training Grants 	 8-28
Acid Aerosols	2-5,15,16,17,19,
                                                           23,34,35,36
Acid Deposition - Air	2-5
Acid Deposition - Energy 	 10-8,9,10
Acid Rain	10-2
Active Projects - Construction Grants	13-2,3,4
Adipose Tissue Survey	9-30,31
Administration's Phaseout - Construction Grants	13-3
Advanced Wastewater Treatment Reviews	3-62
Agencywide Technology Transfer Staff 	 8-25
Air Emission Standards 	 5-24
Air Quality Monitoring 	 .  	 2-16,17,18,55
Air Toxics 	 2-2,3,4,15,16,17,19,
                                                           23,29,30,35,39,40,
                                                           45,46,47,50,51,52,
                                                           58
Airborne Radionuclide Standards	7-13
Alternative Technologies 	 14-4,15,18,21
Aquatic Life Research	3-16
Asbestos  Accreditation Programs 	 9-25,33,34
Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) 	 9-2,6,23-25,33-35,
                                                           41-43
Asbestos in Federal Buildings	9-24
Asbestos in Public Buildings 	 9-3,6,23-25,33,34
Asbestos Regulations 	 9-23-25,30-34
Asbestos Research	9-4,13,15,17,18,34
Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA) 	 9-2,6,23-25,34
Audits and Investigations	11-27
Automated Data Processing (ADP)	11-60,61,68,76,77
B

Biomonitoring	3-16,37,38,39,56, 57
Biotechnology - Pesticides 	 6-4,22
Biotechnology - Toxic Substances 	 9-2,5,13,15,17,18,
                                                           19,32,33
Biotechnology Research - Toxic Substances	9-4
Biotechnology Research - Pesticides	6-4,13,14,15,17
                                     17

-------
                         Alphabetical Subject Index
                                 (Continued)
Case Referrals	8-33
Certification and Training 	  6-23,29,33
Chemical Emergency Planning	5-12,38
Chesapeake Bay Program 	  3-4,19,28,29,30
Chesapeake Bay Toxics Reduction Strategy 	  3-28,29
Class V Wells	  4-2,4,23,24,28,29,
                                                           30,37,38,45
Clean Lakes	3-35,36
Coastal Environment Management 	  .  .  .  .  3-3,4,19,20,53,54,
                                                           55
Community Right-to-know	5-12,14,16,38
Compliance Inspections 	  5-43
Compliance Monitoring	8-38
Compliance Monitoring Inspections. 	  2-32
Comprehensive Assessment Information Rule (CAIR)  ....  9-29-31
Constructed Wetlands	  3-3,18,19,20
Construction Grants Management 	  3-6,60,61,62,63,64
Consulting Services - Air	2-6
Consulting Services - Hazardous Waste	.5-5
Consulting Services - LUST	15-3
Consulting Services - Pesticides 	  6-4
Consulting Services - Superfund	,14-5
Consulting Services - Toxic Substances 	  9-4
Consulting Services - Water Quality	3-7
Cooperative Agreements - LUST	15-9
Corps of Engineers 	  3-42,43,44,45,46,60,
                                                           61,62
Corrective Action	5-42
Corrective Action - LUST	15-9
Cost Recovery - LUST	15-9
Cost Recovery - Superfund	14-51,52,53-56
Criminal Investigations	8-36
Criminal Investigations - Superfund	14-56
Data Call-In 	  6-23,26,29
Disposal 	  6-2,4,16,22,26,29,
                                                           32,33
Distinguished Visiting Scientists Program.  .  .  	  8-16
Domestic Sewage Study	5-25
Drinking Water Implementation	4-22,23,24
                                     18

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                         Alphabetical Subject Index
                                 (Continued)
                                                         Page
Ecological Research Initiative 	  8-19
Ecological Risk Assessment 	  8-18
Ecological Trends	8-19
Effluent Guidelines	3-15,32,33
Emergency Exemptions 	  6-5,22,24
Emergency Response - Superfund 	  14-29
Emergency Response - Water Quality 	  3-47,14-34,35
Endangered Species 	 	  6-2,3,22,26,31,33
Enforcement - Air	2-2,3,4,7,32,41,45,
                                                           47,60,65
Enforcement - Drinking Water 	  4-45,46,47
Enforcement - Hazardous Waste	5-42
Enforcement - Interdisciplinary	8-32
Enforcement - LUST 	  15-11,12
Enforcement - Superfund	14-49
Enforcement - Toxic Substances 	  9-4,40-43,45,46
Enforcement - Water Quality	3-7,37,38,39,66,67,
                                                           68
Enforcement Policy and Operations	8-32
Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System. .  .  .  7-3,20,21
Environmental Response Team	14-29
Environmental Review and Coordination	8-22
Epidemiology 	  4-14,15
Evidence Audits	8-38
Existing Chemical Review 	  9-2,3,5,29-31
Expedited New Chemical Follow-up 	  9-32,33
Experimental Use Permit	6-2,5,22
Exploratory Research 	  8-15
Z

Federal Agencies Compliance	8-22
Financial Responsibility 	 5-24
Fiscal Integrity 	 	 11-55,66
Fuel Economy .'	2-41,42,43
G

Global Climate Change - Management and Support 	  11-22,44,45,46
Global Climate Change - Air	2,5,25,26,34
Great Lakes Program	3-4,20,21,26,27,28
Great Lakes Replacement Research Vessel	3-26,27
                                      19

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                         Alphabetical Subject Index
                                 (Continued)
                                                         Page
Ground Water - Pesticides	6-2,4,14,17,21,26,
                                                           31,33
Ground Water Monitoring	5-14,24
Ground-Water Activities	4-2,4,5,13,16,40,
                                                           41,42,43
Ground-Water Protection Strategies 	  4-4,40,41,42,43
Ground-Water Research Activities 	  4-5,13,16
Guidelines - LUST	15-9
Gulf of Mexico Initiative	3-3,53,54,55
H

Hazardous Waste Research 	 5-11,12,14
Health Advisories	4-14,21
Health Effects - Drinking Water	.4-13,14,15
Health Effects Institute - Air 	 2-19
Health Research - Superfund	14-19
Human Exposure Research	8-18
Human Health Risk Assessment - Interdisciplinary .  .  .   .8-17
Human Resources Management 	 ..... 11-61,62


1

In-use Emission Factors	2-40
Incineration 	 5-12,15,16,24
Indian Tribes - Water Quality	3-24,25,26,37,38,48,
                                                           49,50,60,61,62
Indian Tribes -Drinking Water	4-24,27,28,29,35,
                                                           36,37,38
Indians Programs - Interdisciplinary 	 8-22
Indoor Air 	 2-2,4,5,16,17,19,21,
                                                           31,32,33
Innovative/Alternatives Technologies 	 5-11,16
Inspection and Maintenance Program - Air 	 2-3,40,45
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)	8-12
Interagency - Superfund	14-40
Interagency Testing Committee (ITC)	9-28,29
International Activities 	 11-22
International Pollution Control Agreements 	 3-4,21,26,27
                                     20

-------
                         Alphabetical Subject Index
                                 (Continued)
                                                         Page
Lab/Data Integrity 	 9-6,41-43
Land Banning Activities	5-24
Land Disposal	5-11,16,24
Legal Advice	11-31
Legislation/Congressional Liaison Activities 	 11-35,36
Limestone Injection Multistage Burner (LIMB) 	 10-7,10,11
Listing/Delisting	 5-18,23
Litigation	8-32
Maintenance and Repair Projects	11-4
Management - LUST	15-13,15
Management - Superfund 	 14-64
Management Systems Integrated	11-56
Managing for Environmental Results 	 11-47,48,49
Marine Outfalls - Section 301(h) 	 3-54,55
Medical Waste	5-22
Mining Waste 	 5-4
Mobile Source Pollutants 	 2-17,19,24
Monitoring Methods 	 5-13,43
Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory 	 2-41
Municipal Waste Incineration 	 5-12,16,22
Municipal Wastewater Lagoon Study	5-27


N

National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) 	 2-2,3,15,16,17,19,
                                                           22,23,34,35,36,47,
                                                           48,50,51,56,57,58
National Crop Loss Assessment Network (NCLAN)	2-22
National Emission Standards for Hazardous
  Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) ....  	 2-3,4,7,17,29,30,
                                                           31,46,47,52
National Enforcement Investigation Center (NEIC)  .  .  .  . 8-38
National Estuary Program 	 3-4,53,54,55
National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES-III).  .  .  . 2-20
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations	4-2,13,20,23,27,35,
                                                           45
National Rural Water Association 	 4-30,31
National Surface Water Survey	10-9
National Survey of Pesticides	4-20,21
                                      21

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                         Alphabetical Subject Index
                                 (Continued)
                                                         Page
National Survey of Pesticides in Drinking Water	6-27
Near Coastal Waters. .-	3-3,19,20,53,54,55
Nebraska and Colorado Enforcement Program	6-33
NEPA Compliance Program	8-22
Nevada Nuclear Test Site 	  7-9,10
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS)	2-17,21,23,29,30,
                                                           31,46,47
New York Bight	3-4,45,46
Nonpoint Sources 	  3-4,5,24,25,27,28,
                                                           29,30,36
NPDES Permits	3-5,7,37,38,54,66,
                                                           67,68,70,71,72
Q

Obligation/Outlays - Construction Grants 	  13-3,4
Ocean Disposal 	  3-2,19,20,45,46
Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring	8-32
Office of General Counsel	11-32
Office of Inspector General - Superfund. .  	  14-71
Operations and Maintenance 	  3-62,63,64
Operator Training -Water Quality 	  3-63,64
Ozone	2-2,3,4,5,16,19,22,
                                                           23,29,30,31,32,
                                                           33,34,35,36,39,
                                                           40,45,46,47,50,
                                                           56,57,58,59
Particulate Matter (PMio)•  •  •  	  2-3,4,15,19,23,29,
                                                           34,35,45,46,47,
                                                           50,51,55,56,57,58
Permitting	5-35
Pesticide Program Implementation 	  6-23,30,33
Pesticides Protection/Workers Exposed to Pesticides.  .  .  6-2,4,23,26,31,33,
                                                           35,37
Policy and Guidance	5-22
Pollution Prevention 	  5-5,17
Polychlorinated Biphenynls  (PCBS)	9-2-6,29-31,35,
                                                           41-43
POTW Requirements - Hazardous Waste	5-25
Premanufacture Notice Fees  	  9-32,33
                                     22

-------
                         Alphabetical  Subject Index
                                 (Continued)
Pre treatment	3-5,7', 37,38,39,66,
                                                           67,68,70,71,72
Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD)	2-34,35,36,45,46,
                                                           50,51
Public Water Systems Supervision 	 4-3,22,26,27,31
Quality Assurance - Hazardous Waste	5-12,14
Quality Assurance Interdisciplinary	8-15
E

Radiological Emergency Response Plans	7-17
Radon Mitigation Research	7-4,10,11
Reduction of Uncertainties in Risk Assessment (RURA) .  . 8-17
Regional Modeling of Air Pollutants	2-23,24
Regional Oxidant Model 	 2-23
Regional Toxics Program.  . .  	 9-3,34,35
Registration Fees.	 6-21,23
Registration Standards 	 6-3,5,6,26,29
Regulations Development	5-22
Regulatory Reform - OPPE 	 11-46,47
Regulatory Support - Interdisciplinary 	 8-14
Remedial Response	14-26
Reports to Congress	5-24
Reregistration 	 6-2,3,26,28,37
Research and Development - Superfund 	 14-4,8-24
Risk Assessment - Hazardous Waste	5-11,12,17
Risk Assessment - Pesticides 	 6-3,4,13,15
Risk Assessment - Toxic Substances 	 9-3,5,12,14,15,
                                                           29-31
Risk Assessment Guidelines -  Interdisciplinary 	 8-12
Rural Community Assistance Programs	4-30,31
SARA Section 110 Toxicological Profiles	9-3,28
Scientific Equipment 	  8-19
Selective Enforcement Audits 	  2-3
Set-Asides - Construction Grants 	  13-2,3,4
Significant New Use Rule (SNUR)	9-32,33
SITE Program 	  14-4,20,21
                                     23

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                         Alphabetical Subject Index
                                 (Continued)
                                                         Page
Sludge Management	3-5,15,20,37,38,39,
                                                           48,49,50,63,70,71,
                                                           72
Small Business Innovation Research 	  8-16
Small Systems Engineering Research 	  4-15
Small Systems Initiative 	  4-22,30,31
Solid Waste	5-36
Special Review (RPAR)	6-3,5,27,29
State Authorizations -Hazardous Waste	5-36
State Clean Water Strategies 	 	  3-3
State Grants - Air	2-44,45,46,47
State Grants - Drinking Water	4-26,27,28,29,30,31
State Grants - Hazardous Waste 	  5-31
State Grants - Pesticides	  6-31,32
State Grants - Water Quality 	  3-24,25,26,35,36,37,
                                                           38,39
State Implementation Plans (SIPs)	2-2,3,17,21,23,30,
                                                           34,35,36,40,45,
                                                           46,47,50,51,56,
                                                           57,58,59
State Revolving Funds	3-6,60,61,62
State Revolving Funds - Construction GRants	13-2,3
Stationary Source Enforcement	2-60
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion	2-2,4,25,26,31,33
Subtitle D Criteria	5-36
Support Services - Management and Support	11-73-78
Support Services - Superfund	.  .  14-35
Surface Impoundments 	  5-16
1

Tampering and Fuel Switching	2-41
Technical Information	8-14
Technical Support - LUST 	  15-5,6
Technology Transfer - ORD	8-14
Test Guidelines	9-5,28,29
Test Rules	9-3,5,28,29,42
Title III - Hazardous Waste	•.	5-12,14,16,38
Title III Enforcement	9-4,6,44-47
Title III Research Support 	  9-4,13,14,15,18
Title III Toxic Release Inventory	9-2,3,6,28-31,37-39,
                                                           45-47
Tolerances 	  6-2,3,5,19,24,26,28
                                     24

-------
                         Alphabetical Subject Index
                                 (Continued)
Toxic Pollutant Controls 	  3-5,6,19,20,26,27,
                                                           28,29,37,38,39,
                                                           48,49,56,57,66,
                                                           67,68,70,71,72
Treatment Standards	5-22
UIC Requirements (RCRA)	5-26
Underground Injection Control	4-4,13,16,23,24,28,
                                                           36,37,38
Underground Storage Tanks - Regulations and Guidelines .  5-12,27
Underground Storage Tanks Grants 	  5-33
University Research Centers	14-15,23,24
H

Waste Characterization 	  5-2,11,13
Waste Minimization/Pollution Prevention	5-3,17
Wastewater Treatment Compliance. 	 	  3-7,37,38,63,64,66,
                                                           67,68
Water Quality Permit Issuance	3-5,37,38,39,70,71,
                                                           72
Wellhead Protection. .  .  .	  4-2,16,40,41,42,43
Wetlands (Section 404)  	  3-3,42,43,44
                                     25

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1. SUMMARY

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2. AIR

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents

                                                                        Page

AIR                                                                     2-1

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   Air Quality Research	2-8
      Scientific Assessment	2-15
      Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 	  2-16
      Health Effects 	  2-18
      Environmental Engineering and Technology 	  2-20
      Environmental Processes and Effects	2-22
      Characterization, Transport and Fate 	  2-23
      Stratospheric Modification 	  2-25
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
      Air Quality and Stationary Source Planning and Standards ....  2-27
      Emission Standards and Technology Assessment 	  2-29
      National Pollutant Policies,  Strategies and Rules	2-31
      State Program Guidelines and Air Standards Development 	  2-34
   Mobile Source Air Pollution Control and Fuel Economy	2-37
      Emission Standards, Technical Assessment and Characterization.  .  2-39
      Testing, Technical and Administrative Support	  2-40
      Emissions and Fuel Economy Compliance	2-42
   State Programs Resource Assistance	2-44
      Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 105 Grants)  .  .  2-45
      Training	2-48
   Air Quality Management Implementation 	  2-49
   Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment 	  2-53
      Ambient Air Quality Monitoring .	2-55
      Air Quality and Emissions Data Management and Analysis 	  2-57
ENFORCEMENT
   Stationary Source Enforcement 	  2-60
   Mobile Source Enforcement 	  2-65

-------
                                ACTUAL
                                 1988
             ENACTED
              1989
                                                    AIR
 CURRENT
ESTIMATE
  1989
REQUEST
 1990
  INCREASE +
  DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
APPROPRIATION
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
 Research & Development

TOTAL, Air
 $87,931.5  $90,256.2  $89,952.6  $94,565.3    $4,612.7
$120,255.0 $135,944.3 $135,291.2 $143,619.7    $8,328.5

 $40,235.8  $43,378.3  $43,187.9  $57,279.2   $14,091.3

$248,422.3 $269,578.8 $268,431.7 $295,464.2   $27,032.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
   1,628.2    1,700.7    1,692.0    1,753.9        61.9
   1,717.4    1,741.1    1,731.9    1,753.9        22.0
$252,725.3 $254,008.4 $252,920.9 $281,987.2   $29,066.3
Authorization for the Clean Air Act expired
September 30, 1981.  Reauthorization is pending.
                                       2-1

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                                     AIR
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
     The  Clean  Air  Act  authorizes  a  nationwide  program  of  air  quality
planning,  regulation,  enforcement,  and  research  to  control air  pollution.
EPA's strategy  for  implementing the nationwide program consists  of  five major
goals:  (1)  achieve  National  Ambient Air Quality Standards  (NAAQSs)  to protect
public health;  (2)  reduce  the  risk of  exposure to  air toxics; (3) increase the
capacity and improve the effectiveness of state and local air quality agencies;
(4) determine the policy alternatives and strategy options available to address
stratospheric ozone depletion, global warming,  indoor air pollution  and acid
deposition;  and  (5)   conduct   research  to  provide  a strong scientific  and
technical basis for regulatory programs.

Achieve NAAQSs Nationwide

     Establishing  NAAQSs  at  levels  that protect  public  health and  prevent
other  adverse  effects  has  been  the  keystone  of  the  national air  quality
program.  The NAAQSs are revised based on the results of regular assessments of
the most  current scientific  data on health  and  other effects of various air
pollutants.   In 1990  EPA plans to promulgate  revised or  reaffirmed NAAQSs for
sulfur dioxide and propose revised or reaffirmed NAAQSs for lead.

     To   achieve   NAAQSs,   EPA   helps   states  complete   and enforce  State
Implementation  Plans  (SIPs),  as  required by  the  Clean Air Act.   Although air
quality has generally  improved as a  result  of SIP  measures, many  SIPs have
proven inadequate for meeting NAAQSs by statutory deadlines.
                                                                     \
     The  NAAQSs for  ozone and carbon monoxide  have  proven to  be  the most
difficult standards to  meet.   Currently,  100  million people live  in areas that
failed to meet  the  standards.   About 70  areas did not meet the ozone standards
and about 60  areas  failed  to  attain the  carbon monoxide standards by December,
1987,  the  target  date  specified  in the Clean Air  Act.   To help  the post-1987
nonattainment areas meet the  ozone and carbon monoxide NAAQSs,  EPA proposed a
new  national policy   in November,  1987.    The  final policy,  scheduled  for
completion  in 1989, will provide  the  framework for  continued efforts  towards
NAAQSs  attainment.   Significant  resources will be  required  in 1990 and later
years  to  help  EPA and states cover  costs  associated  with  implementing the
policy.

     In 1990 EPA will  provide  guidance and  development assistance to states to
help  them correct  and expand SIPs which  have proven inadequate to meet the
ozone and  carbon  monoxide NAAQSs.   EPA  will begin  developing documents which
identify appropriate  levels  of control technology.   EPA and states will also
carry  out  a  comprehensive  enforcement program aimed at achieving  continuous
compliance  by stationary  sources,  primarily  those  emitting  volatile  organic
compounds (VOCs),  which are ozone precursors.
                                 2-2

-------
     Another element  of the strategy  for  attaining ozone and  carbon monoxide
NAAQSs  provides  for  continued  reduction  in  emissions  from  in-use  motor
vehicles .   About  half of the additional ozone  precursor  reduction required by
the proposed policy will come  from  continued enforcement of existing and new
mobile  source  standards.   To  ensure  that  vehicles  meet emission  standards
throughout  their  useful  life,   EPA  will  maintain  a  comprehensive  Federal
compliance  program.    The program   includes   preproduction  certification  of
emission  control  systems;  selective  enforcement  audits  at  manufacturers'
facilities; and  recalls of  insufficiently  controlled vehicles.   In  1990 EPA
will promulgate  revised light-duty  truck  hydrocarbon emission standards.   In
addition,   EPA  will commit  additional  resources to enforce  emission standards
for trucks and buses; enforce vehicle fuel volatility requirements; demonstrate
alternative,   less  polluting  fuels;   and increase  testing  for mobile  source
emission factors.

     In 1990  EPA  will  also  continue  to  work  with states  to establish and
maintain effective  vehicle  inspection/maintenance  and anti- tampering programs.
By  the end  of  1989,  66  inspection  and maintenance  programs  and  45  anti-
tampering  programs  are  expected  to  be in operation.   An additional  nine new
anti -tampering programs are anticipated in 1990, bringing the total to 54.

     EPA will  also help states develop  SIPs  for attaining  the revised NAAQSs
for PM10 and will review SIPs submitted by states  as required  under the Clean
Air Act.   Approximately 150 areas,   having  a  total  population of  60 million
people, will not meet,  or  have  the potential  for not meeting,  the revised PM^g
standard.    In 1990 the PM^g program will focus  on developing and reviewing
SIPs,   particularly  in  the  Group  II  nonattainment  area where  monitoring data
show PM^o  violations.    In  previously  identified Group I  nonattainment areas,
States will continue  developing SIPs to be ready  for EPA review in 1990-1991.
In some cases,  states will be developing measures  for  nontraditional sources.
Efforts will  also  be  underway  to develop  policy  for  areas that  cannot meet |
standards  in the  statutory timeframe.   EPA will  also publish  final rules that
establish PM^g increment to prevent significant deterioration of air quality.
Reduce Risk of Exposure to Air Toxics

     EPA's  strategy  for  addressing  air  toxics  consists  of  three  elements:
expanded Federal  regulation,  increased  state  capabilities,  and improved multi-
source, multi -pollutant approaches to control.  In 1990 EPA will regulate toxic
emissions from point sources and nontraditional sources and help states improve
their air toxic programs.

     As  part  of  the  Federal air  toxics program, EPA  will  list  and regulate
toxic  air  pollutants  under  section  112 of the Clean  Air Act.   Decisions for
Federal  regulatory actions   will  be  made  for  five   to  10  pollutant/source
categories.

     In  1990 EPA  will be  developing National Emission  Standards  for Hazardous
Air Pollutants  (NESHAPs)  for 12 hazardous  pollutants.    In  addition,  EPA will
promulgate two (NESHAPs) and propose five others.   EPA will also regulate toxic
emissions  by  developing  New   Source   Performance   Standards  for  municipal
landfills  and  municipal waste  combustors.    EPA  will  continue to  help states
build  their  ability to be responsible  implementing  NESHAPs.   The  'Agency will
also increase  emphasis on carrying  out the revised strategy for the asbestos
                               2-3

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demolition and renovation NESHAPs.

     As  part of  the  program for  addressing  nontraditional  sources  of  air
toxics, EPA  will  work towards promulgating regulations for  air emissions from
seven types of hazardous waste treatment,  storage,  and disposal facilities.

     Since EPA has found  that vehicle  emissions  and fuels are major components
of  toxic  air pollutants,  part  of  the   nontraditional  source  program  will
increase  efforts  to  control  toxic  emissions from  motor  vehicles  and  vehicle
fuels.   To help  ensure that  manufacturers of heavy-duty diesel  vehicles meet
more stringent particulate  standards,  EPA .will  continue assessing technologies
and promulgating  standards  for controlling  the  quality of  diesel  fuels.   The
Agency will also carry out a new heavy-duty engine enforcement program.

     In  1990 EPA will continue  to help states strengthen their air  toxics
programs by  implementing  and  revising their multi-year plans.   The plans will
address NESHAPs implementation, control of high-risk point  sources not  covered
by  NESHAPs,  multi-pollutant/multi-source   urban  problems,  and  general  program
improvements.   In  addition,  EPA  will  provide states  with  information  on
specific hazardous compounds  to  help them assess health  risks,  control needs,
and appropriate levels of control technology.

Strengthen State and Local Programs

     EPA will continue to devote  substantial  effort to increasing the capacity
of state and local air pollution control agencies and to leveraging the  effects
of  its  own resources.  The Agency  will support state  and  local  air pollution
control programs  by  providing direct  program assistance  and  training  and by
facilitating  information  exchange.    EPA will  share  information  through  the
Control Technology  Center and clearinghouses. that  provide  information  on  air
toxics,  emission  factors,  control   technology,  and  risk.    In 1990 EPA will
establish a  PM^g  modeling center  that  will provide  state  and local governments
with  data  bases,  model documentation,  and model applications  for traditional
and nontraditional source categories.

     EPA will also continue to carry  out  the National Air Audit System (NAAS).
The NAAS identifies  obstacles which  limit the  effectiveness of state and local
control agencies  and helps  EPA define more  efficient  and influential national
programs.  The  NAAS  will  again cover  five  program  areas  in 1990:   air  quality
planning; new source  review;  compliance assurance;  air monitoring; and  vehicle
inspection/maintenance and  anti-tampering.   The results  of  the national audit
will  be used  to   identify  both  the  problems  of  individual  state  and  local
agencies and more generic national problems.

Address  Growing  Problems:    Stratospheric  Ozone  Depletion:   Global  Warming:
Indoor Air quality: and Acid Deposition

     Stratospheric Ozone  Depletion.    Because  the Clean  Air Act  gives  the
Administrator of  EPA  authority to protect the  stratosphere,  EPA is responsible
for  Federal  efforts  aimed   at  confronting  ozone   depletion,  climate  change
related to stratospheric alterations, and other effects and emissions caused by
stratospheric change.  Under  the Montreal Protocol  on Substances  that  Deplete
the Ozone  Layer,  signed by the  United States and  31 other nations, EPA will
implement  and  enforce domestic rules,  support  international implementation of
                                2-4

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rules and policies under the protocol,  carry  out  risk and economic assessments
to monitor  progress  under  the  protocol,  and  share information  on  technology
development and alternative chemicals which minimize ozone depletion.

     In  1988  EPA  issued a  final rule  requiring!  controls  for  producing  and
consuming  chlorofluorocarbons   (CFCs)  and  halons  and  an Advance  Notice  of
Proposed Rulemaking  that described possible  additional  or revised  rules.   In
1989  EPA is  focusing  on  implementing  and  enforcing the  domestic rule  and
conducting  analyses  of  possible  further action.   In 1990  EPA  will  continue
implementing and enforcing  the  domestic rule and will participate in a series
of assessments in support of the  Montreal protocol.

     Indoor Air Quality.   Research completed by EPA  and  others indicates that
health risks are caused by total exposure to air pollutants  and not just from
ambient exposures.   Elevated levels of certain indoor air pollutants may pose a
substantial threat  to  human  health.   In 1990  EPA will  continue  to  provide
policy direction to  the indoor  air quality research  program;  will disseminate
information to  broad  segments  of the  public on  risks and  ways to  mitigate
indoor air  quality problems; and  will coordinate  its  activities with other EPA
programs, other Federal  agencies, states, and the private  sector.  In 1990 EPA
will  examine  further  the  extent of  the "sick  building  syndrome" and  will
initiate the establishment of an Indoor Air Quality Technical and Non-technical
Clearinghouse.

     Acid Deposition.    In  1990 EPA will  continue  an acid  deposition  program
that  includes  accelerated research  and  analyses  of policy  and implementation
issues.   EPA's  Office  of Research  and Development  (ORD)  will continue  to
develop the scientific  and  technical  information  required  to  respond to policy
issues.    In  1990   the Office   of  Air  and Radiation  Program  will  analyze
legislation, assess  policy  implications of research  results,  prepare guidance
for states,  and provide advice and assistance to the Department of Energy Clean
Coal Technology Program.

Continue Research to-Support Regulatory Programs

     ORD will  provide health and ecological effects  data,  monitoring  methods
and support, air pollutant  transport  models,  assessments  of  emission reduction
technologies,  and  quality  assurance  to help  meet the  regulatory  and public
information needs of the air program.  In 1990 ORD will  provide new resources
to substantially increase  global climate change research; extend the regional
oxidant model (ROM)  to areas outside of the Northeast; and initiate research on
acid aerosol measurement methodologies.

     The Agency  is  proposing  a  major  initiative  for  global climate change
research as part  of a  coordinated,  multi-institutional  effort to  address  the
likelihood  and  impact  of  global  climate  change.    The program  will  focus
primarily on the regional effects of climate change.

     The  ROM  will  be  applied  to  ozone  non-attainment  areas  beyond  the
Northeast,  including the Southeast.   Also,  research begun in 1989 on the health
effects of acid aerosols will be supplemented by monitoring methods development
and modeling research.   There  is currently  no low cost,  acceptable means  for
measuring acid  aerosols.   Work  will  focus  on determining  the  temporal  and
spatial distributions of acid aerosols  in the atmosphere  and understanding the
                                2-5

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atmospheric processes associated with their formation and removal.

Consulting Services

     OAR funded  a  limited amount of consulting services  in  1988.   Section 117
of the Clean Air Act requires consultation with appropriate advisory committees
prior  to  publishing any  NSPS  or NESHAP.   The National Air  Pollution Control
Techniques  Advisory   Committee  is   comprised   of  members   from  industry,
environmental  groups,  academia, and  state/local governments.    The  committee
typically meets  three  or  four  times per year  to  review the  technical basis of
Federal emission standards.

     A  few small  management  service  contracts  were  awarded in  1988.    The
purpose   of   these  contracts   was   to   provide  specialized   expertise  in
environmental economics needed  to  assess the economic  impacts  and  benefits of
various NSPS,  NESHAP, and NAAQS regulatory actions.   The assessment of economic
impacts and benefits is required by Executive Order 12291.
                                2-6

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                                      AIR
                                ACTUAL
                                  1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
  1989
ESTIMATE
  1990
INCREASE (+)
DECREASE (-)
1990 vs 1989
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES

National Ambient Air
Quality Standards
 Number  of Pollutants
 Covered (Cumulative)  	         6              6          6
 Proposals* 	        1              0          1            +1
 Promulgations*	        0              01+1

 New Source Performance  Standards

 Source  Categories
   Covered (Cumulative)	      59             66         72            +6
 Proposals**	        0              2          4            +2
 Promulgations**	         3              9          6            -3

 National  Emission  Standards
 for Hazardous Air  Pollutants

 Number  of Source Categories
   Covered (Cumulative)	      31           32        33             +1
 Number  of Pollutants
   Covered (Cumulative)	       6            6         7             +1
 Proposals**	        315             +4
 Promulgations**	 .        0            1         2             +1

 Enforcement Actions  - Stationary  Sources

 Inspections	    2 ,019        1, 868     1, 868
 Notices of Violations	      287          300       300
 Administrative  Orders	      224          225       225
.Civil Litigation	       73           86        86
 Criminal  Litigation	       20           10        10

 Enforcement Actions  - Mobile  Sources

 State and Local Tampering/
   Fuel  Switching Programs
   (Cumulative)	      42           45        54             +9
 Assembly  Line Testing
   Test  Orders	      21           15        15              0
 Recall  Investigations	       23           23        23              0
 Notices of Violations
     Tampering/Fuel Switching      367          400       400              0

   * Revisions  or  reaffirmations
   ** New  source categories and  revisions.   NESHAPs  include air  toxic  standards
     developed  under other regulatory  authorities.
  NOTE:  All outputs  are incremental except  as  indicated.
                                2-7

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Research and
Development

-------
                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents
AIR                                                                     2-1

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   Air Quality Research	2-8
      Scientific Assessment	2-15
      Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 	  2-16
      Health Effects 	  2-18
      Environmental Engineering and Technology 	  2-20
      Environmental Processes and Effects	2-22
      Characterization, Transport and Fate	2-23
      Stratospheric Modification 	  2-25

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                                                   AIR
                                          Air Quality Research
ACTUAL
1988

ENACTED
1989

CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment
Air
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                       TOTAL
Monitoring Systems.And
Quality Assurance -  Air
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                       TOTAL
Health Effects - Air
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                       TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Air
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                       TOTAL
Environmental Processes
And Effects - Air
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                       TOTAL
$3
$2
$5
$6
$7
$14
$7
$13
$21
$3
$3
$7

$1
$2
,042
,147
,189
,304
,984
,289
,803
,563
,366
,508
,931
,440
$696
,384
,081
.8
.0
.8
.6
.5
.1
.0
.7
.7
.4
.8
.2
.7
.3
.0
$3
$2
$5
$6
$6
$13
$7
$13
$21
$3
$3
$6

$1
$2
,131
,391
,522
,581
,697
,278
,661
,604
,265
,416
,141
,558
$778
,301
,079
.6
.3
.9
.3
.1
.4
.8
.0
.8
.8
.2
.0
.8
.0
.8
$2
$2
$5
$6
$6
$13
$7
$13
$21
$3
$3
$6

$1
$2
,967
,217
,185
,478
,688
,167
,481
,604
,085
,391
,136
,528
$911
,301
,212
.6
.6
.2
.7
.8
.5
.0
.0
.0
.4
.9
.3
.5
.0
.5
$2
$2
$5
$6
$6
$12
$6
$18
$25
$4
$3
$7

$1
$2
,995
,216
,212
,344
,345
,689
,794
,374
,168
,028
,102
,130
$953
,301
,254
.1
.9
.0
.4
.0
.4
.8
.0
.8
.0
.7
.7
.0
.0
.0
   $27.5
    -$.7
   $26.8
 -$134.3
 -$343.8
 -$478.1
 -$686.2
$4,770.0
$4,083.8
  $636.6
  -$34.2
  $602.4
   $41.5

   $41.5
                                       2-8

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                                                   AIR
                                          Air Quality Research
                                ACTUAL
                                 1988
            ENACTED
             1989
         CURRENT
        ESTIMATE
          1989
          REQUEST   INCREASE +
           1990     DECREASE -
                  1990 VS 1989
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

Characterization,
Transport And Fate -
Air
 Salaries & Expenses           $3,538.9   $3,865.7   $3,742.9   $3,713.4      -$29.5
 Research & Development        $7,335.9   $7,336.7   $7,332.6   $8,332.6    $1,000.0
                       TOTAL  $10,874.8  $11,202.4  $11,075.5  $12,046.0      $970.5

Stratospheric
Modification Program
 Salaries & Expenses             $353.4     $868.4     $924.4   $2,053.4    $1,129.0
 Research & Development        $3,888.6   $8,907.0   $8,907.0  $17,607.0    $8,700.0
                       TOTAL   $4,242.0   $9,775.4   $9,831.4  $19,660.4    $9,829.0
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
$25,247.8  $26,304.4  $25,897.5  $26,882.1      $984.6
$40,235.8  $43,378.3  $43,187.9  $57,279.2   $14,091.3
Air Quality Research   TOTAL  $65,483.6  $69,682.7  $69,085.4  $84,161.3   $15,075.9
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Air
     45.0
 51.2
 49.2
 49.1
  -.1
Monitoring Systems And
Quality Assurance - Air

Health Effects - Air

Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Air

Environmental Processes
And Effects - Air
    112.1
      9.5
113.0
    107.4      120.1

     59.9       57.8
 13.8
112.2
 13.8
102.0
           117.3      115.0

            57.6       57.5
 13.8
-10.2


 -2.3

  -.1
                                       2-9

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                                                   AIR
                                          Air Quality Research
                                ACTUAL
                                 1988
        ENACTED
         1989
         CURRENT
        ESTIMATE
          1989
          REQUEST   INCREASE +
           1990     DECREASE -
                  1990 VS 1989
Characterization,
Transport And Fate -
Air

Stratospheric
Modification Program

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
 56.6
  3.8
394.3
  (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

 57.2       56.7       56.5
 14.0
427.1
 15.0
421.8
 30.9
424.8
                         -.2
 15.9
  3.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Air

Monitoring Systems And
Quality Assurance - Air

Health Effects - Air

Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Air

Environmental Processes
And Effects - Air

Characterization,
Transport And Fate -
Air

Stratospheric
Modification Program

TOTAL WORKYEARS
 49.2
113.3
 10.5
 59.6
  4.5
413.7
 51.2
113.0
 13.8
 57.2
 14.0
427.1
 49.2
112.2
 13.8
 56.7
 15.0
421.8
 49.1
102.0
116.0      120.1      117.3      115.0

 60.6       57.8       57.6       57.5
 13.8
 56.5
 30.9
424.8
  -.1


-10.2


 -2.3

  -.1
  -.2
 15.9
  3.0
                                      2-10

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                                      AIR
                              Air Quality Research
                            Principal Outputs by Objective
Objective  1:    Provide  Scientific  Support  to Develop  and Review  Primary and
Secondary National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).

1990:  o  Prepare  External Review  Drafts  (ERD)  for the  nitrogen  oxides and
          carbon  monoxide Air  Quality Criteria  Documents  (AQCD)  (Scientific
          Assessment)
       o  Report on aerosol sources for the Eastern U.S. (Characterization)
       o  Report on  response  of the human respiratory  tract  to  acute exposure
          to acid aerosols (Health)

1989:  o  Complete  supplement to  the  AQCD for  ozone and  other photochemical
          oxidants (Scientific Assessment)
       o  Report on  the effects  of  prolonged  exposure (greater than six hours)
          to ozone at or below current one-hour NAAQS (Health)
       o  Publication  of  a  comprehensive  research  plan  to  determine  the
          effects  of   tropospheric  ozone  on  U.S.   forests  (Environmental
          Processes)

1988:  o  Report  on pulmonary  function  response   of  normal   subjects  and
          individuals with sensitive or diseased airways to ozone and nitrogen
          dioxide (Health)
       o  Final  report  on the  National  Crop  Loss Assessment Network (NCLAN)
          (Environmental Processes)


Objective  2:    Provide  Scientific  Support  to Develop  New  Source  Performance
Standards (NSPS) and State Implementation Plans (SIPs).

1990:  o  Report  on  the  application of  conventional  particulate  control
          technology in major areas of concern (Engineering)
       o  Evaluation of the Regional Oxidant  Model (ROM) using analytical test
          data and new air quality data (Characterization)
       o  Report on  area volatile  organic  compound (VOC)  sources  and control
          options  to  support  the  Agency's  post-1987  ozone  non-attainment
          strategy (Engineering)

1989:  o  Report  on the  development  of  an  advanced  process  which  utilizes
          calcium  silicate  sorbents   (ADVACATE)  to  control  acid  gases  from
          combustion sources   (Engineering)
       o  Report on recommended modifications to the Complex Terrain Dispersion
          Model (Characterization)

1988:  o  Report,  recommendations,   and   supporting  evidence   on   chemical
          processes for use in regional ozone modeling (Characterization)
                               2-11

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Objective 3:   Provide Scientific Support to Develop  Regulations  for Hazardous
Air Pollutants (HAPs).
1990:
1989:
1988:
o  Report on retrofit technology for existing woodstoves (Engineering)
o  Report on Boise field study of woodstove emissions (Engineering)
o  Assessment  of  the  contribution  of  wood  burning  and  automobile
   emissions  to  the   mutagenicity   and   carcinogenicity  of  airborne
   pollutants (Health)
                                                 and carcinogenicity  of

                                                        atmosphere  from
o  Assessment  of the  comparative mutagenicity
   combustion source emissions (Health)
o  Report  on  identities  of  HAPs  produced  in  the
   ubiquitous innocuous pollutants (Characterization)
o  Final report  on  the  TEAM studies of VOCs  in  Los  Angeles,  Baltimore,
   and New Jersey (Monitoring)

o  Journal article on the dosimetry of VOCs (Health)
o  Journal  article  assessing  HAPs  resulting from  light-duty  vehicle
   emissions (Characterization)
o  Final report on TEAM study of indoor air in 10 buildings (Monitoring)
Objective  4:
Program.
         Provide Scientific  Support for  the  Mobile  Source  Regulatory
1990:  o  Journal  article  characterizing  tailpipe,  evaporative  and  refueling
          emissions from gasoline fueled automobiles (Characterization)
       o  Assessment  of the  contribution of  mobile source  emissions  to  the
          genotoxicity of ambient urban aerosol mixtures (Health)

1989:  o  Report  on  population exposure  to  mobile source pollutants  for 1988
          (Monitoring)
       o  Journal  article  evaluating  emissions   from  diesels  equipped  with
          advanced emission control technology (Characterization)
       o  Report   on   the  effects   of  atmospheric   transformation   on  the
          mutagenicity of gaseous gasoline emissions (Health)

1988:  o  Article  on  the  composition and rate  of emissions  during  refueling
          with data on the impact of control technologies (Characterization)
       o  Report  on procedures  for  apportionment  of observed  ambient pollutant
          concentrations to mobile sources (Characterization)


Objective 5:   Provide  Scientific  Data on  the Sources. Exposures,  and Health
Effects Associated with Indoor Air Pollutants and Evaluate Control Strategies.
1990:  o  Report   assessing   the  potential   carcinogenicity   of
          emissions from unvented indoor kerosene heaters (HEALTH)
                                                              combustion
          Report on human clinical studies assessing the effects of exposure to
          volatile organic compounds found indoors (Health)
          Develop personal  computer model  for evaluating indoor  air  quality
          control options (Engineering)
          Report on the Effectiveness of Air Cleaners for IAQ Control (Eng.)
                               2-12

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1988:  o  Report on indoor air monitoring methods development (Monitoring)
       o-  Report   on   the  use  of  biomarkers   for   evaluating  exposure  to
          environmental tobacco smoke in children (Health)


Objective 6:  Provide Scientific Data to Determine the Effects of Stratospheric
Ozone Depletion and Evaluate Control Strategies                                ^

1990:  o  Report on the effects of UV-B radiation on rice yield  (Strat Mod")
       o  Development of a predictive UV-B dose response model for commercially
          important fish (Strat Mod)
       o  Establish   domestic   monitoring  network   for   ground-level   UV-B
          irradiation (Strat Mod)

1989:  o  Biennial Congressional Report on ozone depletion (Strat Mod)
       o  Report  on  the  most  important  fisheries   resources  likely   to  be
          affected by  UV-B radiation, both in terms  of  resource  significance
          and sensitivity (Strat Mod)

1988:  o  Report on nitrous oxide emissions from combustion sources (Strat Mod)
       o  Report on UV-B radiation effects on agro-ecosystems (Strat Mod)


Objective  7:    Provide  Scientific  Data  to  Determine the  Effects  of  Global
Warming and Evaluate Control Strategies

1990:  o  Report   on  surface  water  responses   to   altered  temperature  and
          precipitation regimes for the contiguous United States (Strat Mod).
       o  Evaluate  feedbacks  from  ecosystem and land-use  changes,  including
          changes  in tropical forests, to changes in climate (Strat Mod)
       o  Descriptions of emissions  from  agricultural and unmanaged ecosystems
          (Strat Mod)

1989:  o  Interim  Assessment  of  the  response  of  terrestrial  ecosystems  to
          changing climactic conditions,  with  the first estimates  of landscape
          sensitivity (Strat Mod)
       o  Evaluation of  air  quality changes  due to  changes in  tropospheric
          chemical reactions sensitive to climate change (Strat Mod)

1988:  o  Completed case  studies  in several regions of the  U.S. for inclusion
          in  the  Congressional  Report  on  the  potential  effects of  climate
          change (Strat Mod)
       o  Draft  five-year  research  plan  for stratospheric  ozone  research  on
          emissions, atmospheric alterations and ecological effects (Strat Mod)


Objective 8:   Provide  Scientific  Data  and Support to  the National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-III)

1990:  o  Status report on NHANES-III cooperative research (Health)

1989:  o  Status report on NHANES-III cooperative research  (Health)

1988:  o  Initiate cooperative research project under NHANES-III (Health)
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                                         AIR
                                 Air Quality Research
Budget Request
     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of $84,161,300  supported  by 424.8  total
workyears  for 1990  an increase  of $15,075,900 and  3.0 total  workyears from
1989.   Of  the  request,  $26,882,100  will be  for the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation  and  $57,279,200  will  be  for  the  Research  and  Development
appropriation, increases of $984,600 and $14,091,300 respectively.


Program Objectives

     This  research  program  provides   the scientific   and  technical  support
necessary for  the Agency  to carry  out  its  regulatory and information transfer
responsibilities  under the Clean  Air  Act.   The following  objectives  support
these efforts:

     Objective 1.  Provide Scientific Support to Develop and Review Primary and
Secondary NAAQS.  This research  program provides the  scientific data needed to
issue and revise national standards for emissions of criteria air pollutants.

     Objective 2.   Provide Scientific  Support to Develop NSPS  and SIPs.  ' This
research supports issuance and revision of New Source Performance Standards and
State  Implementation  Plans  through  development  of  models  and  monitoring
techniques for air pollutants and engineering studies of control technologies.

     Objective  3.    Provide  Scientific  Support  to  Develop  Regulations  for
Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs).    Under  this objective, EPA conducts research
to identify  and  control emissions of air  pollutants  from a  variety of sources
that are  hazardous  to human  health but are not already regulated as criteria
air pollutants.

     Objective 4.  Provide  Scientific  Support  for  the Mobile Source Regulatory
Program.   This  research   evaluates emissions,  exposure patterns,  and  health
effects of mobile source pollutants.

    Objective    5.    Provide  Scientific  Data  on the Sources.   Exposures,  and
Health  Effects  Associated with  Indoor  Air  Pollutants  and Evaluate  Control
Strategies.   Research conducted  under  this  objective  supports  the Agency's
efforts  to  inform  the  public  about  hazards  associated  with  indoor  air
pollutants and to develop methods to control emissions from major sources.

     Objective    6.    Provide  Scientific  Data  to  Determine  the Effects  of
Stratospheric Ozone  Depletion and  Evaluate Control  Strategies.  This research
program provides  data on  the effects of  stratospheric ozone depletion and the
resulting  increases   in  harmful   (UV-B)   radiation  on  humans,  plants,  and
ecosystems.
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     Objective  7.   Provide Scientific Data to Determine  the Effects of Global
Warming and Evaluate Control Strategies.    This objective provides the research
needed to  determine the regional consequences of  global  climate change and to
improve  emissions  estimates  of greenhouse  gases,  specifically methane  and
nitrous oxide.

     Objective  8.    Provide  Scientific   Support   to  the  National Health  and
Nutrition  Examination  Survey  (NHANES-III).    Activities  in  support  of  this
objective  will  provide national  baseline  data  on  the  health  status  of  a
statistically representative sample of Americans.   The  data  will be useful for
testing hypotheses  about the health  effects  associated  with  some environmental
pollutants.

     Objective 9.  Provide Support for the Health Effects Institute (HEI).   HEI
conducts  research  on  the  health  effects of motor  vehicle emissions and  is
jointly funded by the Agency and private industry.


SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests   a  total   of   $5,212,000  supported  by  49.1  total
workyears  for  this  program,  of  which $2,995,100 will be  for  the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and $2,216,900 will be for  the Research and Development
appropriation.   This  represents an  increase of  $27,500  in the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation,  a decrease  of  $700  in the  Research  and Development
appropriation,  and  a  decrease of 0.1 total  workyears.   The   increase in  the
Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation  reflects increased -personnel  and support
costs, the  decrease in the  Research  and Development appropriation  reflects  a
slight reduction  in support  for NAAQS assessments, and  the  workyear reduction
reflects  a consolidation  of  resources   for  the  Regional  Scientists  Program
within the Interdisciplinary media.

     Provide  Scientific  Support  to  Develop  and Review Primary  and Secondary
NAAQS.   Recent health studies and  other new scientific data will be reviewed
for several air pollutants to  support the Agency's statutory mandate to revise
National Ambient  Air Quality  Standards  (NAAQS)  every five  years.   These  data
will  be   evaluated  in  Air  Quality  Criteria  Documents  (AQCD)  which  are  the
primary source of information used by EPA regulatory decision makers in setting
or revising NAAQS.  In 1990,  a draft of the nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide
AQCDs will be issued for comment and data will be collected to support revision
of  the particulate  matter AQCD.   In addition, data  on the health  effects  of
acid aerosols will continue to be evaluated.

     Provide  Scientific  Support to   Develop Regulations   for Hazardous  Air
Pollutants.  In order to provide the Office of Air  and Radiation (OAR) with the
information needed   to  make  regulatory   decisions on  specific hazardous  air
pollutants,  final  comprehensive Health  Assessment Documents  (HADs)  will  be
completed  for  one chemical and External  Review Drafts  (ERDS)  will be prepared
for one to three chemicals.  Tier 1  screening documents,  the initial review of
pertinent health effects data on potential HAPs,  will also be completed for two
to four chemicals.   Other  activities will include: assessments of health  data
for potential  HAPs  by source category;  technical assistance  to Regions  and
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states  on air  toxics  issues through  the  Air Risk  Information  Support Center
(Air RISC); and work on inhalation reference doses for air toxics.

     Provide  Scientific Data  on  the  Sources.  Exposures,  and  Health Effects
Associated  with Indoor Air Pollutants  and Evaluate  Control  Strategies.   In
support   of  the  Agency's  Indoor  Air  Quality   Implementation  Plan,   risk
assessments for indoor air pollutants will be conducted.   These assessments,
which are based on  the results  of laboratory studies and available literature,
will  be  disseminated  by  EPA  to  other  Federal  agencies,   state  and  local
governments, and the general public.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency  is allocating a total of $5,185,200 supported by 49.2
total workyears  for this program,  of which  $2,967,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and $2,217,600  is  from  the Research and Development
appropriation.    Support   for  NAAQS  assessments  in  1989   includes:  work  on
revising  the  AQCDs   for  particulate  matter,  nitrogen  oxides,  and  carbon
monoxide; completion  of a  supplement  to the ozone AQCD; and  preparation of a
final paper on  the  health effects of  acid  aerosols.   Air toxics work includes
the  first  assessment  of  health  data on  a  source-category  basis   (hospital
incinerators).  Finally, indoor air health risk assessments are being  initiated
to inform other  Federal agencies,  state  and local governments, and the general
public about the potential risks of exposure to indoor air pollutants.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency  obligated a total  of  $5,189,800 supported by 49.2
total workyears for this program, of which $3,042,800 was from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $2,147,000 was  from  the Research and Development
appropriation.  Work on revising  the nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide AQCDs
was  conducted and an  issue paper on  the health  effects of acid aerosols was
prepared  for  external  review.  Two HADs,  two ERDs, and  three  Tier 1  screening
documents  for HAPs identified  for study by the Office of Air  and Radiation
(OAR) were also completed.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $12,689,400  supported  by 102.0  total
workyears for  this program,  of which  $6,344,400 will be for  the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,345,000 will be  for the Research and Development
appropriation.  This represents  a  decrease  of  $134,300  in  the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation, a decrease  of $343,800  in the Research and Development
appropriation,  and  a  decrease  of  10.2  total  workyears.    The  reduction  in
resources reflects the net  transfer of  the TEAM (Total  Exposure  Assessment
Methodology) program to the Interdisciplinary media and an increase to initiate
research on measurement techniques to characterize ambient acid aerosol levels.

     Provide  Scientific  Support  to Develop and Review Primary  and Secondary
NAAQS.   As  state  and  local  officials  implement  the  particulate matter NAAQS,
improved  methods  are  needed to  refine  measurements of  particulates in  the


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ambient air.  Erroneous measurement techniques may lead to unnecessarily costly
control strategies or, conversely, failure to address potential health hazards.
As   a  result,    the   1990  research  program  will   evaluate  cost-effective
methodologies for measuring particulates.  This  effort  includes an evaluation
of  PM^g  continuous  monitors  and  development  of  an  aerosol  classifier  for
determining  particle  size distributions.   The  Agency will  also  initiate  a
program  to develop and  improve methods  for  measuring human  exposure  to acid
aerosols.  Specifically,  this  research will  include  measurements of indoor and
outdoor  concentrations,   improvement  of  existing instruments  and measurement
methods,  and  development  of   instruments  which  can  quickly  determine  peak
exposures.   Finally,  other ambient monitoring  systems for  existing criteria
pollutants will be evaluated,  improved, and standardized.

    Provide  Scientific  Support  to  Develop  NSPS and SIPs.    To  ensure  the
accuracy  and  precision   of   data  used  for  NSPS  and  SIPs  regulatory  and
enforcement  decisions,  source  measurement methodologies and" quality assurance
techniques will be developed for  a  variety of pollutants with emphasis on fine
particles; quality assurance for the source monitoring program will be provided
to other Agency offices, states, and Regions; and certified reference materials
for users  will  be distributed.   In addition, three-dimensional data in real-
time  intervals  will  be  obtained  using  Light  Induced  Detection  and  Ranging
(LIDAR) techniques which are faster than fixed site monitoring and will provide
a quick way  to make  three dimensional  area comparisons of selected pollutants.
Several  monitoring and  quality assurance activities  will be moved from  the
NAAQS  objective  into this  objective in  1990 because  they  pertain directly to
SIPs rather than NAAQS development.

     Provide  Scientific  Support  to  Develop Regulations  for  Hazardous  Air
Pollutants.  Source emission monitoring  is needed to  set the National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants mandated by the Clean Air Act (CAA) and
to determine compliance with these standards.  In support of this goal,  efforts
will  focus  on completing  methodologies  for  ensuring  compliance with existing
NESHAPS and conducting research to develop, evaluate and standardize monitoring
systems  for.  ambient  and stationary  sources.   Specific methods  are needed for
asbestos,  cadmium, nickel, and gaseous organics.  Measurement techniques such
as  selective detectors  and portable  monitors will  also  be  investigated  to
improve the surveillance and control of industrial sources.   The Integrated Air
Cancer  Project   (IACP),   a  multidisciplinary  research  program  to  quantify
exposure  to  airborne pollutants, will emphasize  methods development for both
indoor and outdoor detection of carcinogenic HAPs.

     Provide Scientific Support to  the Mobile Source  Regulatory Program.   This
research  will  focus on  improving the data  base  on  actual human  exposure  to
mobile  source  pollutants.   A general  methodology  for measuring population
exposure to  carbon monoxide emitted from mobile  sources has  been successfully
field tested.  This method will be  extended  to  other mobile source pollutants.
In  addition,  data  on human  activity patterns  and  statistical models  which
predict human exposures to pollutants while traveling will be evaluated.

     Provide Scientific  Data  on the  Sources.  Exposures,  and  Health  Effects
Associated with Indoor Air Pollutants  and Evaluate Control  Strategies.    Based
on  the  human exposure  research needs  identified  by the Total  Human Exposure
Research  Council   and  the  Agency's Indoor  Air  Quality Implementation  Plan,
indoor air  monitoring research will focus on special  microenvironments  (e.g.


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homes, buildings).   Studies will be  conducted to develop  and refine low-cost
personal and area monitors and, based on the results of an earlier field study,
survey and  measurement methods will be  refined and used to  relate  indoor air
quality to exposure.

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the  Agency is  allocating  a total  of $13,167,500  supported by
112.2  total  workyears  for  this  program,  of which  $6,478,700  is  from  the
Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation  and  $6,688,800 is  from  the  Research and
Development  appropriation.    Ambient air  and stationary  source  monitoring
systems,   including  remote sensing  and personal monitors, are being  evaluated
and  improved  to help determine  air  quality  trends,  support  compliance  with
standards,  and meet  enforcement needs.    The Toxic  Air Monitoring Stations
(TAMS) are  supporting efforts  to determine the presence  and concentrations of
hazardous  air pollutants  in  urban environments.    Human exposure  monitoring
studies are also  being  carried  out through the Integrated  Air Cancer Program
(IACP),  which   is   focusing  on   emissions   from   residential  oil   burners,
residential wood  combustion,  and automotive  emissions,  and the  TEAM studies,
which are focusing  on exposure to volatile  organic  compounds and particulates.
Indoor air monitoring research is focused on developing indoor air samplers and
quantifying  indoor  exposures.    Quality  assurance  support  emphasizes  the
development of standard reference materials.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the  Agency  obligated a!total of $14,289,100  supported by 113.3
total workyears for this program, of which $6,304,600 was from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $7,984,500  was from  the Research and Development
appropriation.  Specific 1988  accomplishments included:  a report  on  LIDAR R&D
and applications; evaluation of  a PM^o monitoring  methodology; development and
evaluation  of  source  monitoring methods  for  HAPs;  the operation  and findings
from  TAMS;  a report on  population  exposure to  mobile  source  pollutants;
completion  of  the  TEAM  field  work  on human  exposure  to VOCs  in  Los Angeles,
Baltimore and New Jersey;  and the  final  report on a five-year study  of indoor
air quality in ten buildings.

HEALTH EFFECTS

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $25,168,800  supported  by 115.0  total
workyears for  this  program,  of  which  $6,794,800  will be for  the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $18,374,000 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation.    This  represents  a decrease  of  $686,200 in  the  Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation,   an  increase  of  $4,770,000   in   the  Research  and
Development appropriation, and a decrease of 2.3 total workyears.  The increase
in the Research and Development appropriation will provide funding to equip the
new clinical  research facility planned for Chapel  Hill, NC.   The decrease in
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation  and in workyears reflects a  reduction
in  support for  in-house  research  on the health  effects  of hazardous  air
pollutants and several criteria pollutants including lead.
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     Provide  Scientific Support  to  Develop and  Review Primary  and Secondary
NAAOS.  Acute, chronic, and sub-chronic exposure to criteria pollutants will be
investigated  to  support the CAA  mandate  for periodic reviews of NAAQS and to
refine  the toxicological  and  epidemiological  data  base relevant  to criteria
pollutants.  The respiratory and immunological effects of ozone,  acid aerosols,
particles,  and  to a lesser  degree,  NC>2 will be  emphasized.   The relationship
between  long-term  exposure  to  urban patterns  of  ozone  and   the onset  or
exacerbation of chronic lung disease  and  the pulmonary effects associated with
exposure to acid aerosols will be studied.  Data from the epidemiology study of
lung cancer  in  China will be evaluated to  determine  the impact  of exposure to
particulates  and  sulfur oxides on both  lung cancer  and respiratory function.
Finally, to support  the human  inhalation  studies  conducted under this research
program, additional resources will be provided to procure equipment for the new
clinical research facility at Chapel Hill, NC.

     Provide  Scientific  Support  to  Develop Regulations  for Hazardous   Air
Pollutants.   Based  on priorities identified within the  Office of Research and
Development  and  by Agency  regulatory  offices,   this  research program  will
evaluate whether prolonged exposures  to ambient levels of potential HAPs poses
a significant health risk.  In support  of this effort,  the  IACP will examine
possible  marker  compounds  associated with exposures   from residential  oil
burners,  residential  wood  combustion,   and automotive emissions.    Tier  I
bioassays  will  also  be  conducted  to  assess   the  mutagenic  and carcinogenic
effects  of  exposure  to  individual  hazardous  chemicals  and urban mixtures.
Finally, dose-response  assays for several  compounds will emphasize the effects
of acute exposures and  dosimetry  studies  will  focus  on pulmonary deposition.

      Provide Scientific Support to the Mobile Source Regulatory  Program.  This
research program  will  produce data  for -the Office of Mobile Sources (QMS) on
the  public health  and welfare  risks  resulting  from  exposure   to  automotive
emissions  and  their  atmospheric  transformation  products.    Research  on  the
carcinogenicity  and  mutagenicity   of motor   vehicle  fuels and  additives,
including  methanol,  will be  conducted.    The  data collected will be  used in
health risk assessments for mobile source pollutants.

     Provide  Scientific Data  on the  Sources.  Exposures,  and  Health  Effects
Associated with Indoor  Pollutants and Evaluate  Control Strategies.   One of the
primary  goals  of the  Agency's  Indoor Air  Quality  Implementation Plan  is to
determine  the health  risks posed  to the  general population by  exposure to
indoor air pollutants.  In support of this goal, health effects studies will be
conducted  on  environmental  tobacco  smoke  and  volatile  organic  compounds
identified in characterization studies.  The health effects associated with the
"sick building syndrome" will also be studied.   Results from these studies will
be used to develop indoor air health risk assessments.

     Provide Support  for  the Health  Effects Institute  (HEI).    Research will
focus on human dose  response characterization,  and  the quantification of human
risk  from   mobile   source  pollutants  with   increased  attention  on  major
uncertainties concerning  unregulated  automotive  pollutants.   Federal  funding
for  HEI research  will  be matched  by  contributions  from   manufacturers  and
marketers of motor vehicles.
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     Provide   Scientific   Support   to   the   National  Health    and  Nutrition
Examination  Survey  (NHANES-III).    EPA  is  one  of  several Federal  agencies
providing support  to the National Center for Health Statistics third national
health  survey.    Support  for  the  data  collection  phase,  which  includes
interviews, physical examinations,  and diagnostic and biomedical  testing of a
statistically  representative  sample of Americans,  will  be provided  in 1990.
The  information  obtained,  including   information  on certain pollutants  of
regulatory  concern,  such  as  lead,  cadmium  and  certain  volatile  organic
compounds,  will be  used to  develop important national  baseline data  on the
general health status of the U.S. population.  Specific data on respiratory, and
neurological diseases will be provided.

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the  Agency  is  allocating  a  total  of $21,085,000  supported  by
117.3  total  workyears   for  this  program,   of  which  $7,481,000  is   from  the
Salaries and  Expenses appropriation and  $13,604,000 is  from the  Research and
Development appropriation.   Acute,  chronic and sub-chronic  exposures  to ozone
and  other  NAAQS  pollutants  are  being studied  with  emphasis   on determining
respiratory,  metabolic,  and  immune  system  effects.    The  relationship between
exposure and  respiratory disease  is  being defined through epidemiology studies
of N02,  03,  S02,  and acid aerosols.   Indoor air health effects studies are
focusing on improving biomarkers  and determining  the health effects  of indoor
VOCs  and  combustion source  emissions.   In  addition,   the toxicity of  air
pollutants emitted  from  mobile sources is being  studied  by  HEI and support to
initiate the data collection phase of NHANES-III is being provided.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the  Agency obligated  a  total  of $21,366,700  supported  by 116.0
total workyears for  this program, of which $7,803,000 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation  and $13,563,700 was  from  the Research  and Development
appropriation.   Twenty  five  reports/articles  were  issued  addressing  a wide
variety of research  areas  including  the effects  on human health resulting from
exposure to  criteria pollutants, hazardous  air  pollutants,  and mobile source
pollutants.


ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests   a  total  of  $7,130,700  supported  by 57.5  total
workyears for  this program,  of which  $4,028,000 will be  for the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,102,700 will be for the  Research  and Development
appropriation.   This represents  an increase of  $636,600 in the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation,  a  decrease  of  $34,200 in  the  Research  and Development
appropriation,  and a decrease  of 0.1  total workyears.    The  increase  in the
Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation reflects  an enhancement  for indoor  air
source characterization studies and  increased personnel  and support costs,  the
decrease  in  the  Research  and  Development  appropriation  reflects   a  slight
decrease in research to  assess  air  pollutant control options,  and the workyear
reduction  reflects  a  consolidation of resources for  the  Regional  Scientist
Program within the Interdisciplinary media.


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     Provide   Support   to   Develop  NSPS  and  SIPs.     Research  to  support
development, review, and enforcement  of  NSPS  and  SIPs will focus on: testing a
low cost  dry calcium silicate  injection  process (ADVACATE) to reduce emissions
of  S02  and NOX  from new power  plants  and other  emitting sources;  evaluating
selective  catalyst  reduction  as  a  means  of  NOx  reduction;   resolving  high
priority  attainment  problems including  technical  barriers associated with PM^o
and ozone attainment; and developing options for controlling area VOC emissions
which contribute to  ozone formation.

     Provide  Scientific  Support  to Develop  Regulations  for  Hazardous  Air
Pollutants.    Section  112  of  the  Clean Air Act directs  EPA  to  provide
information on control  technologies for hazardous air pollutants.   To enhance
the Agency's capability in  this  area and to protect the public health from HAP
emissions,  resources will  be  provided  to support  the  Agency's  Air  Toxics
Control  Implementation Strategy.    The  Air  Toxics  Control  Technology  Center
(CTC) will be expanded to assist state and local agencies and Regions implement
air  toxics  control  programs.    The  CTC will  have  a rapid-response  decision
capability based  on generic control  technology research being  done  on carbon
adsorption,  catalytic  oxidation,   flares,   and particle  controls.    Focused
control assessments  and technology development will be  conducted for  key air
toxic sources such as woodstoves.

     Provide  Scientific Data  on  the  Sources. Exposures,  and  Health  Effects
Associated with  Indoor Air. Pollutants  and Evaluate Control Strategies.   In
support of the Agency's Indoor Air Quality Implementation Plan,  cost-effective
indoor air quality control  techniques for both residences and  large buildings
will  _be  demonstrated,  tested,   and  evaluated.     These  techniques  include
modifying  pollutant  sources   and  studying,  both   gaseous  and  particulate
filtration strategies.   The use of increased temperature and ventilation during
occupied  periods  to reduce indoor  exposures  to volatile  organic  compounds in
new and  remodelled  buildings  will also  be  studied.  Source characterization
research  will  focus  on  determining  the  contribution  of  various  sources
including building materials and ventilation systems to indoor air pollution.

1989 Program

     In 1989 the  Agency is  allocating a  total  of $6,528,300 supported by 57.6
total workyears for  this program,  of which  $3,391,400 is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $3,136,900   is  from  the Research and  Development
appropriation.      Activities   being  conducted   include:   evaluating  control
technologies for SC>2 and NOX to  support  NAAQS compliance; technical  support to
Regions  and  states  for NSPS  compliance; .control assessments  and  technology
development  for   key   air   toxics  sources   such  as   woodstoves;   providing
information to states  and localities on the latest  technologies  for reducing
emissions of HAPs;  and technical  support to program offices, Regions,  states
and  localities  to  assist  them  attain  ozone  standards.    In  addition,  the
multidisciplinary  indoor  air  research  program is evaluating air cleaners to
determine their  effectiveness in  removing particles  and organic vapors  from
indoor air.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency  obligated  a  total  of  $7,440,200 supported by  60.6
total workyears for  this program, of which $3,508,400 was from the Salaries and


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Expenses  appropriation and  $3,931,800  was  from  the Research  and Development
appropriation.    Technical support for NSPS  compliance  and new source control
evaluations  was provided  to Regions and states  and control  assessments  and
technology  development were  done  for key  air toxics sources.   A  survey  was
initiated  to determine  engineering needs,  especially  VOC control,  for ozone
attainment.   Indoor  Air  source  characterization and control technology studies
were also expanded.


ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of   $2,254,000   supported  by  13.8  total
workyears  for  this  program,  of which  $953,000 will be  for the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and $1,301,000 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation.   This  represents  an  increase of  $41,500  in the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation  with  no   change  in  the  Research  and  Development
appropriation or  total workyears.   The  increase in  the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation reflects increased personnel and support costs.

     Provide  Scientific  Support to Develop  and  Review Primary  and Secondary
NAAQS.    Data  from   EPA's  acid  deposition  research efforts  and  other  air
pollution   research   efforts   indicate   that  tropospheric  ozone   may  have
significant adverse  impacts on  forests.   Therefore,  the  impact of ozone damage
on economically and  ecologically significant forest  species  will  be assessed.
Research on tree responses will begin  to assess the risk  from ozone on major
commercially  valuable forest tree species  in areas that  are most  at risk.
EPA's  research  program will  be closely  coordinated with  the Departments  of
Agriculture,  Interior,  and  Energy,  as  well  as  private   industry  research
organizations such as  the  Electrical  Power Research Institute and the National
Council for Air and Stream Improvements.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency  is  allocating a  total of $2,212,500 supported by 13.8
total workyears for  this program,   of which $911,500 is from the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation and  $1,301,000  is  from  the  Research  and Development
appropriation.    Research to determine  the  ecological effects  of tropospheric
ozone  on forests  is  being   conducted,  with emphasis on  species of economic
importance.   Selected forest species are being exposed to  ozone  levels which
are likely to occur in forest regions of the U.S.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,   the Agency  obligated  a  total of  $2,081,000  supported  by 10.5
total workyears  for  this  program,  of which  $696,700  was  from the Salaries  and
Expenses   appropriation  and  $1,384,300 was  from the Research  and Development
appropriation.   The  forest  effects of  ozone  research plan  was  completed  and
peer-reviewed and  exposure studies on target tree species were  initiated.   A
final report on the NCLAN international  scientific meeting was also prepared.
                               2-22

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CHARACTERIZATION. TRANSPORT. AND FATE

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $12,046,000  supported by  56.5  total
workyears  for  this program, of  which  $3,713,400 will be  for  the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and  $8,332,600 will  be  for the Research and Development
appropriation.     This  represents a decrease  of  $29,500  in  the  Salaries and
Expenses   appropriation,  an  increase   of   $1,000,000  in  the  Research  and
Development appropriation, and a decrease of 0.2 total workyears.   The increase
in  the  Research  and   Development  appropriation  reflects  an  increase  in
atmospheric  transport  and  fate research  on  acid  aerosols   arid  ozone,  the
decrease in the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation reflects a slight decrease
in  research on  the transport  of mobile source  pollutants,  and  the workyear
reduction  reflects a  consolidation of  resources  for the  Regional  Scientist
Program within the  Interdisciplinary media.

     Provide  Scientific  Support  to  Develop and  Review Primary  and  Secondary
NAAQS. There is a growing public concern over the degradation of visibility and
several states have requested that the Agency conduct research on this problem.
Research   will   focus  on   the   adverse  effects   of  visibility  reduction.
Specifically, air quality data  obtained  through  field programs will be used to
provide  a  risk  assessment  for  particulate matter damage  to materials.   An
integrated program  will  also be initiated  to  study acid aerosol  formation and
neutralization.  The effort will begin to focus on determining the temporal and
spatial distributions of  acid  aerosols in the  atmosphere and understanding the
atmospheric processes associated with their formation and removal,

     Provide Scientific  S-upport  to  Develop  NSPS and  SIPs.   To comply with the
Clean Air  Act,  the states and EPA must  have air  quality models to develop and
review SIPs  for urban ozone.  To assist  in that  regard,  an evaluated chemical
mechanism  that predicts ozone  formation  will be  provided to the program office
for use by state  governments in preparing ozone  SIPs.  Laboratory studies will
be  conducted  to  assess  the atmospheric chemistry  of formaldehyde,   an  ozone
precursor.   Data  from the 1988  acid  deposition  field study  will  be used  to
evaluate the Regional Particulate Model  to  improve its use for PM^Q attainment
strategies.   To  develop  urban  scale  particulate  models, studies  of  urban
boundary conditions will be undertaken,  using 1989  regional  mass  measurement
field study  data.  A fugitive dust field  study  will be  conducted  to improve
emission factors for particle size distribution from roadways and construction
sites.   The  User's Network  for  Applied  Modeling of  Air  Pollution  (UNAMAP),  a
program  to  transfer air  quality  modeling .  technology   to   State  and  local
officials,  will  also be updated to  provide 23 air quality models for use  in
NAAQS attainment.

     The Regional Oxidant Model  (ROM),  which has  been developed to  test and
evaluate control  strategies  for  ozone abatement  in the Northeastern U.S., will
be  expanded  for  application   to other  regions  of  the  U.S.,  such  as  the
Southeast.    In order to  expand  the  ROM to other  non-attainment  areas outside
the Northeast, regional  differences  in hydrocarbon emissions,  meteorology, and
geography must be analyzed.  The initial emphasis will focus on the Southeast,
where emissions   data  bases  and meteorological  data  will be collected  and
prepared to support this  effort.  ROM will  be  upgraded in terms of its ability
to predict both atmospheric transport and chemistry of ozone pollution.
                               2-23

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     Provide  Scientific  Support  to  Develop  Regulations  for  Hazardous  Air
Pollutants.  To support the Agency's new 5-year Urban Air Toxics Program and to
meet  the  mandate in  the  CAA  to  identify unregulated pollutants  hazardous  to
human  health  and  the environment,   laboratory  and  field  studies  will  be
conducted  to  determine  the  atmospheric reaction  rates  and  transformation
products  of  hazardous air  pollutants  under Agency  review.   The  chemistry  of
these  pollutants  will be studied under  conditions  that simulate atmospheric
conditions.  Studies will be conducted to identify hazardous  pollutants formed
in  the atmosphere  from  innocuous  air pollutants  emitted from  a variety  of
sources  and   field measurements  will  quantify the  ambient  concentration
variabilities of hazardous pollutants in the urban atmosphere.  In addition,  as
part  of EPA's  Integrated Air  Cancer  Project, the  formation,  stability,  and
transformation of volatile and aerosol bound organics will be examined.

     Provide Scientific Support to the Mobile Source  Regulatory  Program.   To
assess  the  potential  risk  to  public  health  and welfare and  to  support  the
Office  of  Mobile Sources regulatory  program,  research will  characterize both
regulated  and  selected unregulated  emissions.   The  impact  of mobile  source
control technologies  on  evaporative and  automobile  exhaust  emissions  will  be
evaluated  and  analytical procedures  will be  developed to characterize  motor
vehicle emissions.  Procedures will also be developed for laboratory simulation
of  roadway  driving   conditions   and   tailpipe,   evaporative,   and  refueling
emissions from vehicles powered by gasoline or methanol blend fuels.  Emissions
will  be characterized  based  on  vehicle  configuration,  fuel composition  and
operating variables such as speed,  load, and temperature.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency  is allocating a total of $11,075,500 supported by 56.7
total workyears for this  program,  of which $3,742,900  is  from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $7,332,600 is  from  the  Research and Development
appropriation.   Improved chemical  models are being developed  which will reduce
errors or uncertainties in predicting ozone formation associated with precursor
emissions of VOCs and NOX.   Other ozone work underway  includes  evaluation of
the ROM against data  obtained during several  field  studies  and application of
the ROM to  determine  impacts of  simulated  VOC  and NOX emission  controls  on
ozone air quality.  The impact of atmospheric levels  of fine particulate matter
on visibility reduction,  including the  relationship  of fine  particles and haze
patterns in the Eastern United States,  is also being  studied.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the Agency obligated  a  total  of $10,874,800  supported  by 59.6
total workyears for this program,  of which $3,538,900 was from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $7,335,900  was from  the Research  and Development
appropriation.   Studies were completed on haze patterns over the Eastern United
States and regional scale ozone modeling techniques were applied to investigate
the  impact  of hydrocarbon  emissions  from  treatment,   storage   and  disposal
facilities  on   ambient ozone  levels.    A study was  also   completed on  the
influence of ambient temperature on tailpipe emissions  from light duty gasoline
motor vehicles.
                                2-24

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STRATOSPHERIC MODIFICATION

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $19,660,400  supported by  30.9  total
workyears  for  this program, of which  $2,053,400 will be for  the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $17,607,000 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation.     This   represents   increases  of  $1,129,000  and  $8,700,000
respectively, and  an  increase of  15.9  total workyears.   This resource increase
will be  used  to  significantly enhance  the  global  warming  research  program.
Data  from  this  program  will provide policy-makers  with  the  foundation  to
reliably  project  potential  regional  environmental  consequences  of  global
warming.


    Provide  Scientific  Data  to  Determine  the  Effects of  Stratospheric  Ozone
Depletion  and  Evaluate Control Technologies.   Through the  Montreal  Protocol,
the  international  community  has  formally  identified   depletion   of  the
stratospheric ozone layer as  one  of the most important  environmental  problems
facing the world  today.   To address  the  scientific  uncertainties  associated
with  ozone  depletion,  the  Agency  will  conduct  a multidiscipinary  research
program  that  will  determine the   impacts  of   increased  UV-B  radiation  on
terrestrial  and  aquatic  ecosystems  and human  health; investigate  mitigative
solutions;  and  continue  work on  a  ground-based  UV-B monitoring network with
international linkages.   Terrestrial effects  studies  will  emphasize  the impact
of UV-B levels (dose) and other widespread anthropogenic factors such as global
climate change arid tropospheric ozone  on  agricultural  and  forested ecosystems.
Aquatic effects  research  will focus  on determining UV-B effects  on  the marine
food chain and  fisheries  production.   Research  results  will be  disseminated
within the U.S. and to developing nations.

     Provide Scientific  Data to  Determine  the Effects  of Global Warming and
Evaluate  Control Strategies.   The  potential impact  of global climate  change
could pose the  largest  and most  significant long-term man-made  environmental
problem of the  future.   To provide  policy-makers  with reliable  projections on
the  potential  for global  warming  and  its environmental  consequences,  the
current research program will be  expanded substantially.   The 1990 program will
focus on  regional-scale  effects  including the impact of climate  change on key
ecosystems  (such as boreal  forests).   The proposed research, which  has been
coordinated with other  Federal agencies  such as  NASA, NOAA,  and  the  DOE, will
emphasize  estimating  potential changes  in such  major  resources as  forested
ecosystems  and surface  water.   Also,,  emissions research will  develop  data for
source/sink relationships for a variety of  radiative  trace  gases,  and evaluate
potential  emission management techniques.   Atmospheric modeling will  expand to
include estimates  of  global consequences of  tropospheric  air-quality  changes.
Possible  climatic  conditions resulting from  global warming will be  developed
for a wide variety of regional situations.  Finally, research will be initiated
on the effects of  global  warming  on  tropical  vegetation and bio-diversity; the
possible consequences of  reforestation strategies  on  total  carbon and nitrogen
levels;  and analysis of global monitoring data for trace gases.
                                2-25

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1989 Program

      In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,831,400 supported by 15.0
total workyears  for this program,  of which $924,400 is  from  the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $8,907,000  is  from  the  Research  and Development
appropriation.  In response  to increasing  national  and  international  concern
over  depletion  of  the  stratospheric  ozone  layer  and  the  potential  for
significant  global temperature  increases  over the  next several  decades,  the
Agency  is  expanding  research on  the  ecological  and  human health  effects
associated with  these  atmospheric changes.   This  research  is  providing Agency
policy-makers with the data needed to direct and develop an integrated national
strategy  to  address  these  global  environmental  problems.   The  stratospheric
ozone depletion research program is compiling and analyzing data from in-house,
national, and  international  sources to produce a  scientific assessment on the
adverse  effects  of  stratospheric  ozone  depletion.    Specifically,  research
includes:  studies on the effects of  increased UV-B  radiation on human health
and  important  aquatic and terrestrial  ecosystems.   Also,  a ground-based UV-B
monitoring network is  being  developed.   The global climate  research program is
studying  ecological  system  sensitivities  to  climate  changes and developing
regional maps of  the projected consequences of climate  change.  Methods needed
to assess  ecological responses are being  developed to estimate  the potential
changes  in such  major resources  as  forested ecosystems,   and  surface  water
availability.    Emissions research on greenhouse gases  such  as  nitrous oxide
and methane includes development  of emissions  factors models  and evaluation of
existing  and  potential emission  management techniques.  Atmospheric modeling
research  is  also  expanding  to develop  estimates  of regional  consequences  of
tropospheric and stratospheric air quality changes.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $4,242,000 supported by 4.5 total
workyears  for  this  program,  of  which $353,400  was  from the   Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation and  $3,888,600 was  from  the Research  and Development
appropriation.  Emissions estimates research and  regional effects case studies
were  conducted to  contribute  to  the  Congressional  Report  on  the  potential
effects of global climate change.  Other accomplishments include compiling data
on  nitrous  oxide  emissions,   initiating   evaluations  of  forest  models  for
response  in  changing  climate,   initiation of  an  investigation  of  climate
variability in  the U.  S.,  and  research to support the  scientific assessment
called for by the Montreal Protocol.
                               2-26

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Abatement
and Control

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents


                                                                        Page

AIR                                                                     2-1

ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
      Air Quality and Stationary Source Planning and Standards ....  2-27
      Emission Standards and Technology Assessment 	  2-29
      National Pollutant Policies,  Strategies and Rules	2-31
      State Program Guidelines and Air Standards Development 	  2-34
   Mobile Source Air Pollution Control and Fuel Economy	2-37
      Emission Standards, Technical Assessment and Characterization.  .  2-39
      Testing, Technical and Administrative Support	2-40
      Emissions and Fuel Economy Compliance	2-42
   State Programs Resource Assistance	2-44
      Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 105 Grants)  .  .  2-45
      Training	2-48
   Air Quality Management Implementation 	  2-49
   Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment 	  2-53
    .  Ambient Air Quality Monitoring .	2-55
      Air Quality and Emissions Data Management and.Analysis 	  2-57

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                                                        AIR
                               Air Quality and Stationary Source Planning and Standards

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Emission Standards &
Technology Assessment
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
        $5,569.1
        $7,466.4
$4,624.8
$5,699.7
$5,274.1
$5,478.7
$5,525.6
$8,628.7
                       TOTAL  $13,035.5  $10,324.5  $10,752.8  $14,154.3
  $251.5
$3,150.0

$3,401.5
National Pollutant
Policies, Strategies &
Rules
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
        $4,345.8   $5,200.1   $1,796.1   $2,141.2      $345.1
        $7,267.8  $11,697.9 ;  $9,435.6   $7,935:6   -$1,500.0
                       TOTAL  $11,613.6  $16,898.0  $11,231.7  $10,076.8   -$1,154.9
State Program
Guidelines & Air
Standards Development
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
        $3,163.2
          $763.0
$3,455.2
$1,376.6
$5,518.6.
$2,952.1
$5,855.9
$4,752.1
  $337.3
$1,800.0
                       TOTAL   $3,926.2   $4,831.8   $8,470.7  $10,608.0    $2,137.3
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance

Air Quality &
Stationary Source
Planning & Standards
       $13,078.1  $13,280.1  $12,588.8  $13,522.7      $933.9
       $15,497.2  $18,774.2  $17,866.4  $21,316.4    $3,450.0
TOTAL  $28,575.3  $32,054.3  $30,455.2  $34,839.1    $4,383.9
                                      2-27

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                                                        AIR
                               Air Quality and Stationary Source Planning and Standards

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Emission Standards &
Technology Assessment

National Pollutant
Policies, Strategies &
Rules

State Program
Guidelines & Air
Standards Development

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
101.7
 70.7
 60.8
233.2
 93.2
 76.8
 63.3
233.3
 94.7
 31.3
 98.8
224.8
 94.7
 36.3
100.3
231.3
5.0
1.5
6.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Emission Standards &
Technology Assessment

National Pollutant
Policies, Strategies &
Rules

State Program
Guidelines & Air
Standards Development

TOTAL WORKYEARS
104.1
 74.7
 62.7
241.5
 93.2
 76.8
 63.3
233.3
 94.7
 31.3
 98.8
224.8
 94.7
 36.3
100.3
231.3
5.0
1.5
6.5
                                       2-28

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                                      AIR
           Air  Quality  and  Stationary  Source  Planning  and  Standards
Budget Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $34,839,100  supported  by 231.3  total
workyears  for  1990,  an  increase  of $4,383,900 and  6.5 total  workyears  from
1989.   Of  the  request,  $13,522,700 will  be  for the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and $21,316,400 will be for the Abatement,  Control and Compliance
appropriation.     This represents  an increase  in  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation  of $933,900  and  an increase  of $3,450,000  in  the  Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.
EMISSION STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests   a  total  of  $14,154,300  supported by  94.7  total
workyears for  this program, of  which  $5,525,600 will be  for  the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation  and $8,628,700 will be  for the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance  appropriation.   This represents  an  increase  of  $251,500  for the
Salaries  and   Expenses  appropriation,   an   increase  of  $3,150,000  in  the
Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  appropriation,   and   no   change  in  total
workyears from 1989.   The increases  will provide  implementation support  on
control  technology  for  ozone   and  size-specific  particulate  matter  (PM^g)
programs  as well  as  support  for  development of a  national   rule  on hospital
waste incineration.

     A major program emphasis  in 1990 will continue to be air toxics,  including
development  of standards under  National  Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants  (NESHAPs)  and other  authorities  and regulatory decisions  for high
priority  pollutants/source categories.     During  1990   the  program  includes
development  of  NESHAPs for  asbestos  (revision),   coke   oven emissions,  dry
cleaning,   degreasing,   machinery   manufacturing/rebuilding,   ethylene  oxide,
hazardous organic  NESHAP,   chromium  (one  NESHAP, one Toxic  Substances Control
Act  (TSCA)   rule),  and  two new NESHAPs  from  the  pollutant/source  category
priority  list;  development of  NSPSs for  municipal  landfills  and  municipal
waste  combustion  including section  lll(d)  guidelines;  a control  technology
document (CTD)  for wastewater facilities; and regulatory  decisions  for five to
ten  pollutant/source   categories.     In  addition,  work will   continue  on
development of a national rule on hospital waste incineration.

     In  1990  six New Source Performance Standards  (NSPSs) will  be  promulgated
and  two  of  the remaining six  NSPSs on  the  priority  list will  be  under
development.   These NSPSs  will  provide  information  useful  to the  states for
sustained progress toward meeting the ozone air quality program requirements.
                                2-29

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     Support for  technology  transfer  to state and local  agencies  on ozone and
air  toxics  will  continue  through  the  National   Air  Toxics   Information
Clearinghouse  (NATICH) ,   the  Control  Technology Center  (CTC) ,  the Air  Risk
Information  Support   Center  (AirRISC) ,   and  the   Best   Available  Control
Technology/Lowest Achievable Emission Rate (BACT/LAER) Clearinghouse.

     In  1990  the program  includes  support for  the  development of  CTDs .   For
ozone,   work will begin  on  11  documents  which identify   available  emission
control  technologies  for source  categories  that   are  unregulated by  State
Implementation Plans  (SIPs).   The 11  source  categories  include point  sources
and area sources that contribute more  than 480,000 tons per  year of volatile
organic  compound  (VOC)  emissions  in  nonattainment areas.   For PM^Q, documents
will be  under  development  which  identify  emission controls  for non- traditional
sources,  such  as  rural  fugitive  dust and  residential  woodstoves.   The program
also includes  support  for effective  transfer of  this  information  to state and
local agencies.

1989 Program

     In  1989 the  Agency  is allocating  a total of $10,752,800 supported by 94.7
total workyears  to  this  program,  of which  $5,274,100  is  from  the  Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and   $5,478,700  is  from the  Abatement,   Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     In  1989 NSPS development continues.   Work continues  on  13  priority list
NSPSs,  but development of  the final six NSPSs  on the list has been deferred due
to higher priority work.   Other  activities include  litigation  work relating to
particulate matter,  nitrogen oxide  (NOX) ,  and sulfur  dioxide  (S02) emissions
from industrial  boilers;  and  implementation  support  to  states for  ozone and
     SIP development.
     Notices of Intent to List (NITL) under section 112 have been published for
ten  pollutants  (butadiene, carbon  tetrachloride ,  cadmium,  chromium,  ethylene
dichloride,  chloroform,  perchloroethylene,  trichloroethylene ,  ethylene  oxide,
and methylene chloride) .   The  current  program  is oriented toward regulation of
source categories  that emit these  ten pollutants;  development  of  NESHAPs for
coke  oven emissions;  settling NESHAPs  litigations on  benzene, arsenic,  and
vinyl  chloride;  and  making  regulatory  decisions  on  new  pollutant/source
category combinations  that warrant  Federal  regulations.   Work continues  on the
proposal of  standards for municipal landfills and  municipal waste  combustors.
Work  has  begun on  the  development   of  a national  rule  for  hospital  waste
incineration.

     Consistent with  the National Air Toxics  Strategy,  implementation support
is  also  being provided  to state air  toxic pollutant  control  programs.   This
support  is  being   provided   through   the  operation  of   four  centers  and
clearinghouses  and  the  publication of  implementation  support  and technology
transfer documents for air toxics and ozone control.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988  the Agency  obligated  a  total of $13,035,500  supported  by 104.1
total  workyears,   of  which  $5,569,100  was  from  the  Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation and  $7,466,400  was  from  the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance
                                2-30

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appropriation.

     In  1988  three NSPSs  were  promulgated,  rules  were proposed  for  chromium
(comfort  cooling  towers)  under TSCA,  and  the  proposed  response to  benzene
litigation was  published along with proposed  benzene NESHAPs for  four source
categories.


NATIONAL POLLUTANT POLICIES. STRATEGIES AND RULES

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests   a  total  of  $10,076,800  supported by  36.3  total
workyears  for  this program, of which  $2,141,200 will be  for  the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation  and $7,935,600 will  be  for the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance  appropriation.    This  represents  an  increase  of  $345,100  in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, a decrease of $1,500,000 in the Abatement,
Control  and  Compliance  appropriation and  an increase of  5.0  total workyears.
The increases reflect increased personnel and support costs to implement indoor
air pollution building  studies  and an information  clearinghouse and  a program
to charge market value  for chlorofluorocarbon  (CFC)  and halon production.   The
decrease   reflects  anticipated  completion   of   certain  stratospheric  ozone
depletion studies and regulatory development activities in 1989.

     In  1990   the  Indoor Air  Program   will   consist  of  policy  analyses,
coordination  within  the  Federal   establishment,  participation  in  a  North
Atlantic  Treaty Organization  Committee  on  the  Challenges  of Modern  Society
pilot study on  indoor air  quality,  development  and issuance of additional fact
sheets  on  key  aspects  of  the indoor air  quality problem, and  development  of
more guidance  for building owners.   The  Indoor Air  Program  will  maintain and
expand  contact  with  appropriate  private  sector  organizations  and state and
local   agencies   involved   in   indoor  air  quality  activities.     Additional
information  will  be  provided  on  risk  and economic  effects  of indoor  air
pollutants.  The program will expand its  analysis and conduct field studies and
surveys  to determine  the extent of various  "sick  building"  problems  including
the issues of chemical  sensitivity  and building  diagnostics.   In addition, the
Indoor  Air Program will initiate  the implementation  of  the  Indoor Air Quality
Technical and Non-Technical Information Clearinghouse.

     In  1990  the Acid Rain Program will  continue  responding  to  the  ten-year,
$500  million,  National Acid  Precipitation Assessment   Program   (NAPAP),  an
interagency policy research program.  This program will be completed by the end
of 1990.   Coordination  of  and primary research  on the economic  aspects of the
NAPAP final report will be completed.   Analysis  of acid rain legislation will
continue.  Support to  the  Administrator  and Assistant  Administrator  for their
participation on the  Domestic  Policy  Council (or  its  successor  organization)
and the U.S.  Bilateral  Advisory and  Consultative Group (BACG) will  continue.
Also,   in 1990  advice  will continue  to  be  provided  to  Department of Energy
(DOE),   through  the Innovative  Control Technology  Advisory Panel  (ICTAP),  on
DOE's five-year,  $2.5  billion Clean Coal  Technology (CCT) Program.   The Acid
Rain Program will review, comment  on,  and help resolve controversial air permit
application  issues for  CCT demonstration  projects,  and  will  assist  DOE  in
obtaining air, water,  and solid waste CCT permits.
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     In  1990  the Global  Change  Program will  continue many of  the  activities
started in 1989  and will  initiate  new  projects.   Domestically,  the Agency will
develop  its  stratospheric ozone  regulatory program  and rules,   as well  as and
operate  and  enforce  the program established  in 1989.   The  current  rulemaking
will be  revised to  charge  market value  for  the privilege  of producing  or
importing CFCs  or halons.  Mechanisms  to  be considered could  include:  permit
fees;  auctions;   and  other methods  of  capturing windfall  profit that  would
accrue to  producers under  the current  rule.   Monitoring  of CFCs and  halons
production  will  continue  with  timely  data  review,  additional  compliance
monitoring,  technology reviews, better information control,  and overall systems
performance.    As part  of the continuing effort  to  develop new proposals for
rulemaking,   the  program  will  incorporate  public   comments  and  results  of
regulatory reviews by other agencies and EPA offices.   The program will also be
integrally involved  in the coordination of domestic  and international efforts
to develop alternative technologies.

     Internationally,  the  program  will continue  to support  the implementation
of  the  Montreal Protocol.    In  1990  EPA will  participate  in  a  series  of
assessments:   atmospheric, environmental, technological,  and economic.   EPA is
likely to be involved with the Protocol's working legal group and ad hoc groups
to  negotiate, U.S.  technology  transfer responsibilities.    In  addition,  the
Agency will continue to participate in efforts to get other nations to sign the
Protocol  and will  work  with  other  Federal   agencies  to  negotiate  further
revisions.  The  tropospheric climate element  of the Global Change Program will
initiate exploratory analysis  of some  point and non-point source emissions and
control  technologies  and  their  relationship and emission  impact on  existing
pollution control decisions.

1989 Program

     In 1989 the Agency  is allocating  a total  of $11,231,700 supported by 31.3
total workyears  to this  program,  of which $1,796,100  is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and   $9,435,600  is  from  the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     EPA continues its  indoor air  effort to provide  policy,  coordination, and
information dissemination.   In 1989 the  Indoor Air  Program will complete two
technical documents  initiated in  1988,  one on  the mitigation of environmental
tobacco smoke and one on prevention of building-related problems.  In addition,
in-house staff will coordinate the program and develop fact sheets.  The Indoor
Air Program will initiate a  program to communicate with various target groups
on possible  "sick building"   causes and solutions.   The  Report  to  Congress on
the  long-term  Federal  role   in  indoor  air  quality  will be  completed  and  a
booklet on indoor air quality will be reprinted and issued.

     In 1989 the Acid  Rain Program will continue  to  focus on acid rain policy
and implementation issues.  Legislative  analysis  will continue  to focus on new
and  potential   legislative   actions.     In  1989  technical   assistance' and
environmental policy formulation and implication activities will continue to be
provided to  DOE  on  their CCT Program  and  NAPAP relative  to   the results  of
research for the 1990 NAPAP  Assessment.   The Acid Rain Program will  continue
to respond to petitions  calling  for additional control  on U.S.  sulfur dioxide
(S02)  and  nitrogen   oxides   (NOX).     Support  for   on-going  Administration
discussions  with Canada will continue.
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     In 1989 the Global Change Program  activities  will  focus  on implementation
of the domestic rule and the conduct of further analyses on possible follow-up
regulatory  and non-regulatory  actions.   A program  will  be  established  and
implemented for  enforcing  regulatory levels on the production  and consumption
of CFCs  and halons.   This  involves developing a  tracking  system  for permits,
finalizing  and  implementing a reporting and record keeping system,  developing
an enforcement strategy, and  assessing  the  market  responses to  regulation.   In
addition,  protocol assessments  and  studies   to  support  the  United  Nation's
Environmental Program in the  international  implementation  of  the Protocol will
be ongoing.   The  international coordination  of various groups and activities
concerned with developing alternative technologies and transfer of technologies
to lesser developing countries will also continue in 1989.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988  the  Agency  obligated  a  total of  $11,613,600 supported  by 74.7
total  workyears,  of  which  $4,345,800  was  from  the   Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation  and  $7,267,800 was  from the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance
appropriation.

     In 1988 the Indoor Air Program focused on establishing a framework needed
to address  the  indoor  air  problem  through  coordinating  EPA and Federal indoor
air  quality activities,  analyzing  the  appropriate Federal role  in addressing
indoor air quality issues,  preparing and disseminating information materials on
indoor air  quality for the  general  public,  and developing  a Report to Congress
describing  the  activities  carried  out  under  Title  IV  of  the  Superfund
Amendments  and Reauthorization Act.  Publications  completed in  1988 included a
booklet  for the general public on  indoor  air quality,  a directory  of state
indoor air  program contacts,  and a  series  of  fact sheets  on  timely indoor air
quality issues.

     In  1988   the Acid   Rain  program  focused  on   acid  rain  policy  and
implementation  issues.     Legislative  analyses  focused  on   three  potential
legislative actions.  Also  in 1988 the State Acid Rain Program final report was
completed  that addressed potential acid rain control  program implementation
issues.   Comments  were provided  to the DOE on  their CCT  solicitation,  and a
paper  was   presented  to the  ICTAP  on  potential  EPA  incentives  to  encourage
innovative  control  technology demonstrations  and deployment.   In  1988 results
of  research from  the  1990 NAPAP  Assessment  were reviewed  for  their policy
implications.   The Agency   responded to five  petitions  calling for additional
controls of U.S. transboundary S02 and NOX emissions,  and supported discussions
with Canada on a possible bilateral accord.

     In  1988 the Global Change Program issued a  final  domestic stratospheric
ozone  rule  which will  enhance  implementation  of the Montreal  Protocol on the
control of production and consumption of CFCs  and halons.  Technical support on
these  bilateral  activities  was also provided.   In addition,  to establish the
stratospheric  ozone  depletion program  and implement  regulation,   the  program
developed  and   disseminated extensive  analyses  on  risk  assessment,  economic
impact,  and technology  and  chemical   substitutions.    An Advance Notice  of
Proposed Rulemaking  was issued  that laid  out possible additional regulatory
actions.
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     In the area of global climate change, the Office of Policy Analysis worked
on  two  draft  reports  to  Congress:  the  "Environmental  Effects  of  Climate
Change" and "Policy Options for  Stabilizing  Climate."   The program also worked
on developing an initial framework  for  estimates of future  concentrations of
trace gases and global temperatures.
STATE PROGRAM GUIDELINES AND AIR STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $10,608,000  supported  by 100.3  total
workyears  for  this program,  of which  $5,855,900 will be  for  the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and $4,752,100 will be  for the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance  appropriation.    This  represents  an  increase  of  $337,300  for the
Salaries   and   Expenses  appropriation,   an  increase  of  $1,800,000  in  the
Abatement,  Control and  Compliance  appropriation, and  an  increase  of  1.5  in
total workyears  from  1989.   The increases  will  support development of policy,
guidance,  and assistance for preparing  SIPs to  address  long-term nonattainment
problems  involving ozone, carbon monoxide (CO),  and
     In 1990  the  Agency will continue to provide  management  and assistance to
attain National Ambient  Air  Quality  Standards  (NAAQSs)  and prevent significant
deterioration (PSD) .  Regulatory  impact  analyses  (RIAs)  for the ozone and lead
NAAQS reviews will  be completed and a proposal to revise  or  reaffirm the lead
standards will  be published.   Revised  or reaffirmed NAAQSs  for sulfur oxides
will be promulgated.   Addenda  to  the ozone criteria document  and staff paper
addressing  the  need  for longer  term  average standards  will be  prepared and
reviewed by  the Clean Air Scientific  Advisory Committee  (CASAC) .   Reviews o-f
the  nitrogen  dioxide  (N02)  and  CO  NAAQS will  be  under  way  as  will  the
evaluation of  a potential acid aerosols  NAAQS.   Review of the  need  for a new
fine particle secondary NAAQS will continue.

     The Agency will  conduct  an  active program  to carry out  the  post- 1987
ozone/CO attainment strategy.   Efforts will  focus  on assisting states with SIP
development,   including  assisting  states   in    identifying,   adopting,   and
implementing  nontraditional  control measures  that  will  directly  involve the
public  (e.g.,  transportation  controls   and  consumer  solvent  substitution).
Procedures  and   techniques   for   determining  required  emission  reductions,
evaluating  and  selecting  alternative  control   measures,  preparing  control
strategy demonstrations,  tracking  progress  and compliance, evaluate strategies
using the  airshed model, and analyzing  transport strategies  in the  Northeast
will be  provided.   Review and regulatory  action on  SIP  submittals  from the
initial SIP calls will continue.
     In  1990  the Agency  will  continue  review and  regulatory action  on
SIPs,  especially for  newly  identified nonattainment  areas (Group  II  areas).
Case-by-case guidance  and  oversight  of state efforts  to  develop  and implement
fugitive  source  and  nontraditional  source  control  measures   (e.g.,  street
cleaning)  will   be  provided.    Policy,  guidance,  and  assistance   in  problem
definition  and  development  of  mitigation  strategies  will be  provided  for  a
variety  of problems  contributing  to  long-term  nonattainment.    These  include
woodstoves,  prescribed   burning,    agricultural   activities,   and   secondary
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particle formation.   Management and overview  of SIPs submitted by  states  and
required  by  court suits  (i.e.,  visibility,   stack heights)  will  continue.
Innovative  measures  to  reduce  the  SIP  backlog  and  expedite  processing,
including a  computerized SIP  tracking  and information  system,  will be  fully
implemented.  A  training and information transfer program  on  the  ozone and PM
SIP activities described above will be provided using short courses,  workshops,
and videotapes.

     In 1990 state and  local  air  toxics  programs will be further enhanced with
the  implementation and  revision  of multi-year  development plans.   Technical
and  program  support to  assist states in  evaluating and  regulating high-risk
point  source  (HRPS)  and multi-pollutant urban toxics problems  will continue.
The  new  source  review  (NSR)  program will  provide guidance and  assistance to
Regions and  states permitting new  sources  and support   to  national  litigation
over   current   regulations.     Regulations  will  be  published  setting  PSD
increments  for  PM^o-    Rulemaking  on Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA)
Exhibit B issues will be completed.

     Also in  1990, the Agency will continue  its  program  to follow up  on  the
results  of   state audits  and needed  corrective actions,  thereby  improving
interregional and interstate  consistency,  addressing  critical air pollution
infrastructure needs,  and resolving current program weaknesses.

1989 Program

     In 1989  the  Agency is allocating a total  of $8,470,700 supported by 98.8
total  workyears  to this program,  of which  $5,518,600 is from  the Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation  and   $2,952,100  is  from  the Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     In 1989  review of the staff  paper  for the lead NAAQS  is  scheduled to be
completed by CASAC and  the RIA will also be completed.   Work on the next round
of  reviews  of  the NAAQSs  for  ozone,   CO,  and  N02  and  a new  fine  particle
secondary NAAQS   is  also underway.   An evaluation  of  the need  for  an acid
aerosols NAAQS  is being conducted.   In the SIP area,  primary  emphasis  is on
implementing  ongoing  programs  for  CO  and  ozone  nonattainment  areas  and
developing and reviewing PM^Q  'SIPs.  Work  continues  on  completing the proposed
post-1987 ozone/CO  policy,  as well  as  completing SIP calls  and nonattainment
designations.   Policy  and  assistance  is  being provided  for  long-term PM^o
nonattainment areas.   PM^Q  SIP submittals  are being  reviewed.   PSD increments
are  scheduled  to be  promulgated for N02  and proposed  for PM^o-   Policy  and
regulations  to   improve NSR  programs  as  well  as procedures  to improve  and
expedite  SIP  processing  are scheduled   to   be published.     Guidance  and
assistance to develop and implement state  air toxics programs  through multi-
year development  plans  is  continuing.  Workshops, emissions factors, inventory
procedures,   and  other  support is  being provided to help  states  evaluate  and
regulate HRPS and multi-pollutant urban toxic problems.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of $3,926,200  supported by 62.7 total
workyears,   of    which   $3,163,200  was   from   the   Salaries   and  Expenses
appropriation and  $763,000  was  from the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance
appropriation.
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     NAAQS review activities in  1988  focused  on lead,  ozone,  SC>2,  and possible
standards  for  fine particles  and acid aerosols.   A proposal  to  reaffirm the
current SC>2  standards  was  published.   A policy for post-1987 nonattainment of
CO  and ozone  was proposed.   Nonattainment  area  designations were  proposed
pursuant  to  the  Mitchell/Conte   Amendment.   SIP  calls  for  deficient  CO and
ozone SIPs were issued.  PSD  increments  for N02 were proposed.  Regulations to
protect visibility  impairment in  PSD Class  I  areas were promulgated  for new
sources and proposed for existing sources in four states.
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                                                    AIR
                                Mobile Source Air Pollution Control and Fuel Economy

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Emission Standards,
Technical Assessment &
Characterization
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
Testing, Technical &
Administrative Support
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance ;
Emissions & Fuel
Economy Compliance
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
        $4,163.7   $4,475.0   $5,026.7   $5,162.4      $135.7
        $2,834.5   $5,288.9   $5,091.2   $6,499.7    $1,408.5
                       TOTAL   $6,998.2   $9,763.9  $10,117.9  $11,662.1    $1,544.2
        $5,384.6   $5,244.8   $5,244.8   $5,493.4
          $850.2     $850.2     $850.2     $850.2

TOTAL   $6,234.8   $6,095.0   $6,095.0   $6,343.6
        $2,072.1   $1,835.6   $1,835.6   $2,002.8
           $33.1      $33.1      $33.1      $33.1
                       TOTAL   $2,105.2   $1,868.7   $1,868.7   $2,035.9
$248.6


$248.6



$167.2


$167.2
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance

Mobile Source Air
Pollution Control &
Fuel Economy
       $11,620.4  $11,555.4  $12,107.1  $12,658.6      $551.5
        $3,717.8   $6,172.2   $5,974.5   $7,383.0    $1,408.5
TOTAL  $15,338.2  $17,727.6  $18,081.6  $20,041.6    $1,960.0
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                                                    AIR
                               Mobile Source Air Pollution Control and Fuel Economy

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Emission Standards,
Technical Assessment &
Characterization

Testing, Technical &
Administrative Support

Emissions & Fuel
Economy Compliance

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
 72.5
 91.5
 31.5
195.5
 84.3
 92.9
 33.1
210.3
 84.8
 92.9
 33.1
210.8
 84.8
 92.9
 35.1
212.8
2.0
2.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Emission Standards,
Technical Assessment &
Characterization

Testing, Technical &
Administrative Support

Emissions & Fuel
Economy Compliance

TOTAL WORKYEARS
 78.9
 94.3
 33.6
206.8
 84.3
 92.9
 33.1
210.3
 84.8
 92.9
 33.1
210.8
 84.8
 92.9
 35.1
212.8
2.0


2.0
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                                        AIR
                 Mobile  Source Air  Pollution Control  and  Fuel Economy
Budget Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $20,041,600  supported  by 212.8  total
workyears  for 1990,  an  increase of  $1,960,000  and an  increase of  2.0  total
workyears from 1989.  Of the  request,  $12,658,600 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and $7,383,000 will be  for the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance  appropriation.    This represents  an  increase of  $551,500 in the
Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation  and  an  increase  of  $1,408,500 in  the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
EMISSION STANDARDS. TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests   a  total  of  $11,662,100  supported by  84.8  total
workyears  for  this program, of  which  $5,162,400 will be  for  the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation  and $6,499,700 will be  for the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance appropriation.  This is an increase of $135,700 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation,  $1,408,500 for  the  Abatement, Control  and Compliance
appropriation, and no change in total workyears from 1989.  The increase in the
Salaries and  Expenses appropriation  reflects  increased  personnel  and support
costs.   The increase  in the Abatement,  Control and  Compliance  appropriation
will support additional work related to the use of alternative fuels.

     In 1990 the  standards  program will  continue to emphasize control of ozone
precursors and air toxics.   Work will also ensure implementation support to the
new  methanol   emission  standards  as well  as  to  the  on-board  refueling  and
volatility regulations.  Specific  technology assessment work will focus on the
implementation of  the post-1987  ozone/carbon monoxide attainment  strategy.   In
addition,  the  emissions  impact of  alternativexfuels,  such as oxygenated blends
and Compressed Natural Gas  (CNG),  will be  investigated.   Additional testing of
in-use vehicles will  assess  the  effectiveness  of emission control technologies
in  controlling carbon  monoxide  emissions under cold  temperature  conditions.
The Emissions  Factor  Program will continue to  determine  emissions  from in-use
vehicles.   A  pilot  study  will  continue  to  assess sampling methodologies and
their effectiveness in closing the gaps in data on actual emissions from in-use
vehicles.

     The final rule  for controlling diesel  fuel  composition  consistent  with
toxics  particulate  control will  be  published.   Also,  the  final   rule  for
heavy-duty  emissions  banking  and  trading  will  be  promulgated.    Revised
light-duty  truck  hydrocarbon standards will  be promulgated.   Additional  work
will be done to insure the effectiveness of the enhanced vehicle inspection and
maintenance  programs put  into  place by  state  and  local  jurisdictions.  In
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addition,  15  audits  and  follow-ups  of   state   and  local  Inspection  and
Maintenance programs will be completed.

1989 Program

     In 1989 the Agency  is  allocating a total  of $10,117,900 supported by 84.8
total workyears for this program,  of which  $5,026,700  is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and $5,091,200  is  from  the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     In 1989 the standards  program is continuing to emphasize control of ozone
precursors and air toxics.   The regulatory program is continuing to concentrate
on  control   of  evaporative  and  refueling   emissions,   excess  hydrocarbon
emissions, formaldehyde, methanol,  and particulates.   Final emission standards
and  test procedures  for methanol  vehicles are being  promulgated.    Revised
light-duty truck hydrocarbon standards  are  being proposed.   Testing  of in-use
vehicles  to  develop emission factors will  be  carried out.   A pilot  study to
assess  alternative  sampling  methodologies  for  developing  in-use  emission
factors  will be  undertaken.    The objective  will  be  to  determine  the  most
effective way to  close gaps in data on actual  emissions from in-use vehicles.
Support  to  the  development  of  State Implementation  Plans is  continuing with
emphasis  on  inspection and  maintenance  programs for in-use  vehicles.   A total
of  15  formal  audits  and  follow-ups   of  state  and  local  inspection  and
maintenance programs are being completed.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of $6,998,200 supported by 78.9 total
workyears, of which $4,163,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $2,834,500 was from the Abatement,  Control and Compliance appropriation.

     The  program  provided  implementation  assistance  and  review  of  State
Implementation Plans, particularly vehicle inspection and maintenance programs.
In  1988  ten  inspection and  maintenance program  audits  were  carried  out to
assess  the effectiveness  of state and local efforts.   Four new inspection and
maintenance  programs  were  begun  in 1988,  bringing the total  number  of urban
areas with inspection programs to 64.

     In  support  of the  Agency's  air toxics  control strategy,  the  regulatory
program  continued  work  on  control of  formaldehyde  and  particulate  matter.
Characterization of  emissions  from vehicles powered by  alternative  fuels  also
continued, including work on a rulemaking setting standards and test procedures
for  methanol-fueled vehicles.    With  the  implementation  of  lead  phasedown,
additional work was  directed  towards  alternatives  to  leaded  gasoline.    A
systematic  review  of  the heavy-duty   standards  for  hydrocarbons,  carbon
monoxide, and particulate matter continued for potential future revision.
TESTING. TECHNICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $6,343,600  supported  by  92.9  total
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workyears for this program, of which $5,493,400 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $850,200  will be  for  the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance  appropriation.    This represents  an  increase  of  $248,600  in  the
Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation,  no  change  in the Abatement Control  and
Compliance  and  no change  in  total  workyears from  1989.   The increase  in  the
Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation  reflects  increased personnel and support
costs.

     This program  will  provide testing,  technical,  and administrative support
to the operating programs  of  the  Office of Mobile Sources  at the Motor Vehicle
Emissions  Laboratory (MVEL)  located  in  Ann Arbor,  Michigan.   Approximately
1,000 tests will be  performed on prototype vehicles,  and 1,350 tests on in-use
vehicles in support of the emissions factors and recall programs.  In addition,
100 tests on new  and in-use  heavy-duty engines  will be provided to support the
implementation  and enforcement of  the standards for  these engines.   General
activities that will be supported include  recall, tampering and fuel  switching,
standard-setting,   emissions   characterization,   technology  assessment,  fuel
economy,  in-use  vehicle  emissions  assessment,  and   motor  vehicle  emission
certification.   The  support  that will be provided includes:   automated data
processing  (ADP)   timesharing  services,   laboratory   data  acquisition,  and
computer  operations;  testing of motor  vehicles  to  measure emissions  and fuel
economy;  quality  assurance and  control and correlation  services  for  EPA  and
industry  testing  programs;   maintenance   and  engineering  design  of  emission
testing   equipment;   and  personnel,   administrative,   safety,   environmental
compliance,  and   facilities   support   services.     Testing  and  analysis   of
approximately 12,000  fuel samples collected for enforcement purposes  (including
volatility control) will continue.

1989 Program

     In 1989  the  Agency is allocating  a  total  of $6,095,000  supported by 92.9
total workyears for  this program, of  which $5,244,800  is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and   $850,200  is  from  the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     The  1989 program continues to  focus  on increasing the  efficiency of  the
testing,  technical,  and  administrative support  operations  while  maintaining or
expanding the quality and quantity of outputs.

     Testing support  to  the  certification,  fuel  economy,  and in-use  compliance
and assessment  programs continues  with a  total  of approximately 2,350 tests
scheduled for these programs  in 1989.  Testing activities supported at the MVEL
range  from performing   standard,  well-established  engineering  tests  to  the
development and performance  of new test procedures  to  accommodate new program
needs or changing  technology.

     Routine testing  and analysis of 12,000 fuel samples collected in the field
for- enforcing  fuels  regulations  continues.   Correlation programs to  maintain
equivalent  test  procedures   between  manufacturers  and  EPA  continue.    Test
equipment  maintenance,  calibration,  and  repair  services  are being provided.
The adequacy  of  existing  procedures  and equipment to test  newer  technology
vehicles  is being evaluated.   If necessary, new  equipment  and procedures will
be designed.  In addition,  personnel, facility support services,  safety, ADP,
and administrative management  functions are provided at the MVEL.
                               2-41

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1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of $6,234,800 supported by 94.3 total
workyears  for  this  program,  of  which  $5,384,600  was  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $850,200  was   from  the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     In  1988  a  total  of  1,000  tests  were  conducted for  certification,  fuel
economy labeling,  and  compliance  programs.   Testing  in  support of the recall,
surveillance,  tampering/fuel  switching  programs;  the development  of emission
factors;  and the  assessment of  the  effectiveness  of  new emissions  control
technology in maintaining the emission standards in use resulted in 1,500 tests
on in-use vehicles in 1988.  Routine testing and analysis of 9,113 fuel samples
(collected in the field) were performed in 1988 to enforce fuel regulations.

     Basic  personnel and  administrative management  functions,  including  ADP
management,  were  provided.    Also,   safety  and  facility  services,  aimed  at
maintaining a high level of occupational safety and health, were provided.
EMISSIONS AND FUEL ECONOMY COMPLIANCE

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total   of  $2,035,900  supported  by  35.1  total
workyears for  this  program, of which $2,002,800 will be for  the  Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $33,100   will  be  for  the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance  appropriation.    This   represents  an  increase  of  $167,200  in  the
Salaries and Expenses  appropriation and  an  increase  of 2.0  total workyears but
no  change  in the Abatement,  Control and  Compliance appropriation  from 1989.
The increase in total workyears will  support the development of regulations for
the collection of mobile source program fees.

     The emissions  certification  program will continue to  assess  the validity
of  the  applications for certification of approximately 100 original equipment
manufacturers  of light-duty  vehicles,  heavy-duty  engines,  and  motorcycles.
Participation in  the certification program by importers reselling vehicles is
expected to  continue to increase  as  a  result of new  rules  published in 1988.
Approximately 40  certificate holders will  be bringing non-conforming imports
into compliance.                           •

       In 1990, the  in-use  control effectiveness assessment program will shift
focus to assess the  effectiveness  of  onboard diagnostic  systems in identifying
component   failure.      Work  will   continue   on   suspected   problems   with
manufacturers'   alleged use of  defeat devices  and  more  testing will  be done
under non-Federal Test  Procedure conditions  to  assess  the  degree  to  which
emission control  devices control  emissions  only  on  the standard test cycle and
do  not  do  so in  actual  on-road use.   Changes in  certification resulting from
volatility controls will be implemented.

     The statutory  fuel  economy  information program will be  carried out, with
the provision  of 1,000  labels,   50  CAFE calculations,  and  data  for  the  Gas
                               2-42

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Mileage Guide.   Guidance  to manufacturers on implementing  changes  required by
revisions to the fuel economy regulations will continue.

1989 Program

     In 1989  the  Agency is allocating a  total  of  $1,868,700  supported by 33.-1
total workyears for this program,  of  which  $1,835,600  is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $33,100  is  from the   Abatement,   Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     The emissions certification program is continuing to issue certificates of
compliance to  approximately 100  original equipment manufacturers  of light-duty
vehicles,  heavy-duty   engines,   and  motorcycles.      Participation   in  the
certification  program  by   importers reselling vehicles will begin  to  increase
resulting from rules promulgated  in 1987.   Streamlined procedures for handling
these new certificate holders will be developed.  In 1989 the in-use program is
placing  further  emphasis  on  assessment  of  high  mileage  vehicle  control
technology  and  the  precise  nature  of   failures  to  meet  standards  at  high
mileage.  Work is also focusing  on suspected problems with manufacturers' use
of defeat devices, as  well as on emissions  under conditions different from the
Federal Test  Procedure.  This additional engineering  analysis  will help assess
the degree  to which emission control  devices differ  relative  to the  standard
test  cycle  versus  actual on-road  operational  conditions.    Procedures  for
certifying aftermarket parts will be promulgated.

       The  statutory  fuel  economy information  program  is being  carried out,
with  1,000  labels,  50  CAFE calculations, and  data  for the Gas  Mileage Guide
being produced.   Guidance  to manufacturers  on implementing changes required by
revisions to the fuel economy regulations is continuing.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of $2,105,200 supported by 33.6 total
workyears  for this  program,  of  which  $2,072,100 was  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $33,100  was  from  the  Abatement,   Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     The emissions  certification program issued certificates  of  compliance to
approximately  100 original equipment  manufacturers   of light-duty  vehicles,
heavy-duty engines,  and motorcycles.   A certificate was issued to one
Independent Commercial Importer.   Certification engineering review continued to
deter  the  production   of   vehicle  designs  not capable of  meeting  emission
standards.   Participation  in the certification  program  by importers reselling
vehicles  continued   to   increase.    A  regulation   for   aftermarket  parts
certification  was proposed.   The fuel  economy program generated  1,000 fuel
economy labels,  verified  50 CAFE calculations,  and compiled  data  for the Gas
Mileage Guide.  The in-use  technology assessment program examined durability of
control technology at high mileage.
                                2-43

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                                                   AIR
                                   State Programs Resource Assistance

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Control Agency Resource
Supplementation
(Section 105 Grants)
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
       $94,164.0 $101,500.0 $101,500.0  $99,700.0   -$1,800.0

TOTAL  $94,164.0 $101,500.0 $101,500.0  $99,700.0   -$1,800.0
Training
 Salaries & Expenses
                       TOTAL
          $269.1
          $269.1
$252.7
$252.7
$252.7
$252.7
$259.1
$259.1
$6.4
$6.4
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
          $269.1     $252.7     $252.7     $259.1        $6.4
       $94,164.0 $101,500.0 $101,500.0  $99,700.0   -$1,800.0
State Programs         TOTAL  $94,433.1 $101,752.7 $101,752.7  $99,959.1   -$1,793.6
Resource Assistance
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Training

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
             4.0

             4.0
   4.0

   4.0
   4.0

   4.0
   4.0

   4.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Training

TOTAL WORKYEARS
             4.3

             4.3
   4.0

   4.0
   4.0

   4.0
   4.0

   4.0
                                      2-44

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                                      AIR
                       State  Programs Resource Assistance
Budget Request
     The  Agency  requests  a  total   of   $99,959,100  supported  by  4.0  total
workyears for  1990,  a decrease of $1,793,600 and  no  change in total workyears
from  1989.   Of  the  request,  $259,100  will be  for  the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation  and   $99,700,000  will  be  for  the  Abatement,   Control  and
Compliance  appropriation.    This  represents an  increase  in  the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation  of  $6,400   and   a decrease  of   $1,800,000  in  the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
CONTROL AGENCY RESOURCE SUPPLEMENTATION (SECTION 105 GRANTS')

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of  $99,700,000  for this program, all of which
will  be  for  the  Abatement,   Control  and  Compliance  appropriation.    This
represents a  decrease of $1,800,000  resulting  from the completion  of funding
for selected special projects.

     In 1990- states will continue  to  be heavily  involved in the implementation
of EPA's post- 1987  ozone/carbon monoxide  (CO) attainment strategy.   Efforts to
correct deficiencies  in existing  stationary  source and mobile  source control
programs will  continue, ongoing  programs  will  be  reviewed  for  effectiveness,
monitoring and compliance programs will be continued,  and State Implementation
Plans  (SIPs) will be  prepared  for those areas not  in  attainment.   In order to
develop SIPs, it  will be necessary for states to  analyze  long-range transport
issues, evaluate  and  select alternative control measures,  and develop vehicle
inspection and maintenance  (I/M)  strategies.  Emissions  inventories  to support
alternative  projected attainment  dates  for ozone  and CO  nonattainment  areas
will be developed.

     States  will   continue   monitoring   programs   in   Group  I  size-specific
particulate  matter   (PM^o)   areas,   including  those   areas   with   long-term
nonattainment problems, as they develop PM^Q SIPs.   In addition to Group I PM^o
SIPs,  states will continue  to  develop SIPs in any  Group  II  or III areas which
show monitored  air quality  violations.    States will  also develop  SIPs  that
will  replace  total  suspended particulate   (TSP)  Prevention of  Significant
Deterioration (PSD) increments with PM^Q increments.
     Air toxics control programs will continue and states will also continue to
submit sulfur dioxide  (S02)  SIP  revisions  for individual sources.   Permits for
new  sources  will continue  to be  issued and  states  will continue  to conduct
inspections  and  enforcement  actions  in the  area of asbestos  demolition and
renovation (D&R) .

     Also,  in  1990  states will  continue to carry out  activities  essential to
                                2-45

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the operation  and maintenance of effective air pollution  regulatory programs.
This  includes  the   implementation   of   source   surveillance  and  compliance
programs  aimed at  assuring  initial  and continuous  compliance by  stationary
sources with  SIP  requirements, New  Source  Performance Standards  (NSPSs),  and
National  Emission Standards  for  Hazardous  Air  Pollutants (NESHAPs).   States
will operate  the  National Air Monitoring System (NAMS) networks  and maintain
quality assurance  programs  providing data on  air quality levels,  trends,  and
attainment  status.    States  will  continue  to assume  responsibility for  the
implementation of newly promulgated NSPSs and  for the  review and permitting of
new sources, including those to which PSD requirements apply.

     Resources will continue to be used to support the provision of specialized
training  of persons  involved in abatement  and  air  pollution control  at  the
state and local level.

1989 Program

     In 1989 the Agency is  allocating a  total  of $101,500,000, all of which is
from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.

     In  1989   a  major  focus  of  the  control  agency  support  program  is  the
implementation of the post-1987 attainment strategy  for ozone and CO.  Efforts
initiated  in  1988 for correcting  and modifying  existing  regulations,  control
measures,  programs,   and   procedures, including   the  efforts  to  expand  the
inspection  and improve   the  compliance  of  Class  A  and B  volatile  organic
compound  (VOC)  sources,  are  continuing.   A  major initiative  to  prepare base-
year emissions  inventories  in ozone  and CO nonattainment  areas will commence.
States are  working  on revisions  to their SIPs required by EPA's  May, 1988 SIP
call.   States  are also  analyzing  the  effectiveness of  current VOC  control
programs  in order  to  correct these programs as necessary.   Efforts  within the
Northeast  to  apply the regional ozone model  to  identify  transport  and assess
control  options  over  large  areas  continue.    Efforts  are underway  to improve
baseline inventories and collect nonmethane  organic compound (NMOC) data.

     State  and local  agencies are  continuing to  implement various elements of
their multi-year  plans for building and implementing programs  for assessing
and reducing  exposure to  air toxics.   Efforts  within urban  areas  are  moving
toward  identifying  and  implementing  specific  measures  to  mitigate  urban
exposures and toward expanding the number of state/local initiated actions.  To
maximize  the  potential  mitigation of  exposure  to air toxics,  state and local
agencies are expanding efforts to identify and integrate  air toxics considera-
tions into  current  programs  for the  review  and permitting of new sources and
regulatory  programs for both  ozone and PM^Q.   States are  continuing to prepare
required  PM^g  SIPs for  Group I  areas.    In  addition,  states are  performing
necessary  analyses  and  preparing SIPs for Group II areas where  nonattainment
problems have been identified.  Programs  to  establish the  required PM^Q ambient
monitoring  network  will  be  completed.    States  continue  to  operate  S02
monitoring  networks and inspect major S02 sources.   State PSD and NSR programs
are also continuing.

     States are also carrying out inspection and source monitoring programs for
assuring  initial  and continuous  compliance  by  all  major stationary sources,
including  timely  and  appropriate responses  to violations.   Emphasis continues
on  identifying contractors  that  violate  the  asbestos   D&R  regulations  and
                                2-46

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taking appropriate  follow-up action.   In addition,  states are  continuing  to
fully operate and monitor the quality  of  the  NAMS/SLAMS networks and to assume
responsibility for newly promulgated NSPSs and  National Emission Standards for
Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) .

     In  1989  resources  have  been  made  available  to  support  specialized
training for  persons involved  in abatement and  air pollution  control  at the
state and local level.  These resources are being used to fund training course
and  workshops,  develop  new   courses,   and  revise  some  existing  courses.
Approximately 35  short courses  are  scheduled which will  address enforcement,
air  toxics,  SIP processing,  ambient  monitoring,  and  basic principles  of air
pollution control.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988 the Agency obligated a  total of  $94,164,000 all of which was from
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.

     In 1988 major  priorities were:  continued implementation of the June 1985
Air  Toxics  Strategy;  implementation  of   elements  of  the  post- 1987  ozone/CO
strategy calling for  correction and enhancement of  existing programs  in urban
areas not meeting the 1987  attainment  deadline; and continuation of activities
to implement the NAAQS for
     In 1988  states  carried out key  elements of the multi-year  plans  for the
enhancement and  implementation  of  air toxics programs consistent  with  the Air
Toxics  Strategy.   Principal  activities included  the enforcement  of existing
NESHAPs,  including  compliance  with  the  asbestos  demolition  and  renovation
requirements;  the  improvement of assessment  capabilities  and data bases needed
to manage  air  toxics risks;  the continuation of state  programs for evaluating
and  mitigating  exposures  from specific  non-NESHAPs  point  sources  causing
individual  risk;  and  the  assessment  of  complex  multi -pollutant/source  air
toxics problems  within  the  largest urbanized areas of  the  country.   A limited
number  of  states  developed  final  regulations  for the  control of  air toxics
point sources.

     States began  taking action in response  to notifications  of  ozone/CO SIP
inadequacies and to  calls for development  of corrective  SIPs  in  areas  that do
not meet the  December 1987  attainment deadline.  The action included steps to
prepare  baseline  inventories;   correct  identified   deficiencies  in  existing
regulations; adopt reasonably available control technology  (RACT) regulations
as required; improve  inspection/compliance activities for sources of VOCs ; and
correct  identified  deficiencies  in  operating vehicle  inspection/maintenance
(I/M) programs.

     States continued to: establish ambient monitoring networks within the more
significant  PM^o  areas;  update   PMlQ  emission   inventories   necessary  for
preparation of required SIPs;  and  develop  the  required  SIPs for  Group  I areas
as well as Group II areas with violations.
                               2-47

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TRAINING

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total of $259,100 supported by  4.0 total workyears
for  this  program,  all  of  which  will  be  for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.   This represents  an increase  of $6,400  for the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation,  and no change in total workyears from 1989.

     In 1990 the Agency will continue to manage its  program of training persons
involved in abatement and air pollution control at  the state  and local level.
In  addition   to   providing  self-instructional  training,   the  program  will
develop, update,  and revise  short courses.   Technical  support will  also  be
provided  to  states  and  Regions  planning  specialty workshops and  training
courses.

1989 Program

     In  1989  the  Agency  is allocating a  total of  $252,700 supported  by  4.0
total  workyears  to  this  program,  all  of which  is  from  the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation.

     In 1989 the Agency is  providing a  self-study training program,  with major
emphasis  on  the  development  of self-instructional  training  courses  in  the
areas  of  size-specific   particulate  matter  (PM^g)>  post-1987 attainment  of
National Ambient  Air Quality  Standards  (NAAQSs),  and  permitting.    New short
courses are being  developed.   Existing  courses provided  through the  seven Area
Training Centers  (ATCs)  are  being updated  and  revised.    The Agency  is  also
providing  technical  support   to  states  and  Regions planning workshops  and
training courses,

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988  the  Agency obligated  a  total  of $269,100 supported  by 4.3 total
workyears,  all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.

     In 1988  self-instructional  training  to persons  involved  in air pollution
control  at  the state  and  local  level  was provided,  courses  were  updated  by
staff  on  a limited  basis,  and  technical  support  was  provided to  states  and
Regions which provided funding for specialty workshops and training courses.
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                                                   AIR
                                  Air Quality Management Implementation

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Air Quality Management
Implementation
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
       $12,529.1  $12,538.4  $12,428.3  $12,955.2      $526.9
          $300.2     $294.6     $323.2     $323.2

TOTAL  $12,829.3  $12,833.0  $12,751.5  $13,278.4      $526.9
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
       $12,529.1  $12,538.4  $12,428.3  $12,955.2
          $300.2     $294.6     $323.2     $323.2
Air Quality Management TOTAL  $12,829.3  $12,833.0  $12,751.5  $13,278.4
Implementation
                                 $526.9
                                                       $526.9
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Air Quality Management
Implementation

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
           269.5
           269.5
272.1
272.1
271.0
271.0
288.7
288.7
17.7
17.7
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Air Quality Management
Implementation

TOTAL WORKYEARS
           289.7
           289.7
288.3
288.3
287.2
287.2
288.7
288.7
 1.5
 1.5
                                      2-49

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                                      AIR
                     Air Quality Management Implementation
Budget Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $13,278,400  supported  by 288.7  total
workyears for 1990, an  increase  of $526,900 and 1.5 total workyears from 1989.
Of   the   request,  $12,955,200   will  be   for   the  Salaries   and  Expenses
appropriation and $323,200 will be  for  the Abatement, Control  and Compliance
appropriation.    This  represents  an increase  in  the Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation  of  $526,900  and  no  change  in  the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.
AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $13,278,400  supported  by 288.7  total
workyears for  this  program,  of which $12,955,200 will  be  for the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $323,200 will be  for  the  Abatement, Control  and
Compliance  appropriation.    This  represents an  increase  of  $526,900  for  the
Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation, no  change  in the Abatement, Control  and
Compliance appropriation, and an  increase  of 1.5  in total  workyears  from 1989.
The  increases  reflect  increased personnel  and  support   costs,  as  well  as
additional  support  for  ozone/carbon monoxide  (CO)  State  Implementation  Plan
(SIP) processing.

     In 1990  the ten EPA Regional Offices will continue  to implement measures
to  achieve  attainment of  the ozone  and  CO air  quality  standards.    Guidance
will be  provided to  states  in a number  of  areas including  the  correction of
existing  stationary  and   mobile   source  regulations   and  programs,   the
application  of  procedures  and  techniques for  determining  required  emission
reductions,   the  evaluation  and selection   of   control   measures,   and  the
preparation  of attainment demonstrations.   Ongoing  control  programs  will be
reviewed for effectiveness and SIPs will be reviewed as they are submitted.

     In addition, Regions  will continue  to  provide guidance to  states on the
development and  submission  of SIPs  to  implement  the  size-specific particulate
matter (PM^Q) National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS), and PM^o SIPs will
be  reviewed  as  they are   submitted.    The  Regions  will   assist  states  in
developing SIP  revisions that will  replace total  suspended particulates (TSP)
for Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD)  reviews with PM^g-   State and
local  programs  to   control  air  toxics  will  be   supported,  including  those
efforts  to  control  high-risk  point  sources  and  to  mitigate high-risk  urban
impacts.    Sulfur dioxide  (S02)  SIP revisions will  be reviewed  as  they  are
submitted.   A number of other  ongoing  air quality management  activities  will
be   continued   including   review/oversight   of   the   air  grants   process,
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implementation  of  the  national  air  audit  system,   support  to  litigation
activities, and  support  to state new  source review (NSR)/PSD programs.   As a
result of  litigation,  the  need to develop Federal  Implementation  Plans (FIPs)
is expected to continue.

1989 Program

     In 1989 the Agency is allocating a total of $12,751,500 supported by 287.2
total workyears to this program,  of  which  $12,428,300  is  from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $323,200  is   from  the  Abatement,   Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     A  major   focus  of  the Regional  air  quality  management  program  is  the
implementation  of   the   post-1987   strategy  for  correcting  ozone   and  CO
nonattainment  problems.     The  efforts  to  correct  and  improve  existing
regulations,  control  measures,   programs,  and  procedures  continue  in  1989.
Regions are  providing detailed,  hands-on  assistance to  those areas  with the
most  serious   problems to  complete  the  required  revisions  to   the   SIPs  on
schedule.    Regions  have  begun  to  review state  submitted revisions  and will
initiate appropriate rulemaking.  Efforts  to  apply  the  Regional ozone model in
the Northeast will also continue.

     The Regions continue to implement a number of other air quality management
programs.    These  include  reviewing  and  taking  rulemaking  action on state-
submitted  SIP  revisions   for  PM^o,  assisting  state   and  local  agencies  in
implementing their multi-year  development  plans  for improving and carrying out
air toxics  control  programs,   reviewing  and  taking  rulemaking action  on state
initiated  SC>2  SIP  revisions,  and performing other  functions,  such as  managing
the  air  grants  process,   implementing  the  National   Air Audit  System,  and
assisting states in the implementation of the programs  for PSD. and NSR.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988  the Agency  obligated  a  total  of $12,829,300  supported  by 289.7
total  workyears,  of which  $12,529,100 was  from  the  Salaries   and  Expenses
appropriation  and $300,200 was  from  the Abatement,   Control and  Compliance
appropriation .

     In 1988 the major priorities were assisting  and overseeing state programs
for correction of  existing SIPs and control measures in  areas  not meeting the
1987 attainment deadline  for  the ozone/CO  NAAQSs;  implementation  of the NAAQS
for PM^o;  and continued  implementation of  the  June  1985  National  Air Toxics
Strategy.

     Consistent with  the  post- 1987  ozone/CO strategy,   Regions  notified states
of  needed  revisions  to  current  SIPs;  provided  guidance  on developing these
revisions;   and worked with states   to update baseline  inventories.   Regions
continued  working with  states   in  the Northeast  corridor and  Mid-Atlantic
region  to  employ the  regional  oxidant  model where  intercity transport  will
require controls over  large geographic areas.   Major guidance  and support was
also provided to help states complete SIPs  to meet the  NAAQS for
     Programs were  undertaken to  help states  implement multi-year  plans  for
improving  and  conducting  air toxics . programs .    Efforts  focused on  helping
                               2-51

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states to  improve  assessment capabilities and data bases  to  manage air toxics
risks; improve efforts in  the  agencies  having plan commitments to evaluate and
mitigate exposures  from non-NESHAPs point  sources with high  individual risk;
and  complete  initial  screening  programs to  identify  and assess  complex  air
toxics problems within large urban areas.
                                2-52

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                                                   AIR
                                 Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
        $3,823.4   $3,859.2   $3,803.5   $4,041.4
          $190.7     $114.2     $122.8     $122.8
                       TOTAL   $4,014.1   $3,973.4   $3,926.3   $4,164.2
                                 $237.9


                                 $237.9
Air Quality & Emission
Data Management &
Analysis
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
                       TOTAL
        $3,636.1   $3,746.6   $4,241.6   $4,470.4
        $1,594.3   $3,599.4   $4,169.4   $6,669.4

        $5,230.4   $7,346.0   $8,411.0  $11,139.8
                                 $228.8
                               $2,500.0

                               $2,728.8
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance

Trends Monitoring &
Progress Assessment
        $7,459.5   $7,605.8   $8,045.1   $8,511.8      $466.7
        $1,785.0   $3,713.6   $4,292.2   $6,792.2    $2,500.0
TOTAL   $9,244.5  $11,319.4  $12,337.3  $15,304.0    $2,966.7
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring

Air Quality & Emission
Data Management &
Analysis

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
            81.5
            65.0
           146.5
 81.5
 70.6
152.1
 80.2
 80.5
160.7
 86.2
 80.5
166.7
6.0
6.0
                                       2-53

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                                                   AIR
                                 Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
TOTAL WORKYEARS
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring

Air Quality & Emission
Data Management &
Analysis

TOTAL WORKYEARS
 87.8
 66.6
154.4
 87.5
 70.6
158.1
 86.2
 80.5
166.7
 86.2
 80.5
166.7
                                       2-54

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                                      AIR
                   Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment
Budget Request

     The  Agency requests  a  total of  $15,304,000  supported by  166.7  total
workyears for 1990, an  increase  of $2,966,700  and no change in total workyears
from 1989.   Of the request,  $8,511,800  will be for the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and $6,792,200 will  be  for  the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance
appropriation.   This  represents  an  increase  in  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation  of  $466,700  and  an increase of $2,500,000  in the  Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total   of  $4,164,200  supported  by  86.2  total
workyears for  this  program, of which $4,041,400 will be for  the  Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $122,800  will be  for the  Abatement,   Control  and
Compliance  appropriation.    This  represents an  increase of  $237,900  for  the
Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation,  no change  in the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance  appropriation,  and no  change  in  total workyears  from 1989.   The
increase will  support  increased  personnel  and support costs  and  upgrading the
capacity of EPA Regional laboratories.

     In 1990  the  ten  EPA Regional  Offices will continue overview and manage-
ment of state  air monitoring programs,  including:   grants  review;  coordination
of  emission  and  air  quality data  bases;  and validation  of  data  from  the
National  Air  Monitoring System (NAMS) and the- State and Local  Air Monitoring
System  (SLAMS)  data  base.    Data   analyses   including   air  quality  trend
information  will  be   developed  to  be  used  as  input  to  the Regional  Trend
Reports.

     In the area  of quality assurance, significant resources  will be used for
on-site  systems audits  of  state  networks  and monitors.    In  addition,  the
Regional  laboratories  will  continue  to participate  in the national  air audit
program.    Size-specific particulate matter (PM^o) monitors  established during
1989 will be  reviewed  and visited to  verify  compliance  with EPA air monitoring
regulations.  Reviews  of PM^Q ambient data and sampling frequency will continue
at a high level to support determinations on attainment and on possible control
strategies in additional areas.

     Regional  implementation  of  the  Toxics  Air  Monitoring  System  (TAMS)
network will  involve  coordinating  operational improvements with  the  Office of
Research and Development and state and  local  agencies.   Resources will also be
used to provide monitoring/quality  assurance support and  technical assistance
                                2-55

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to states in evaluating the source impact of specific toxic air pollutants from
sources  considered  for regulation under  state  control programs.   Support  for
state and  local toxics efforts  in  urban areas will  continue  with management,
coordination,  and  technical assistance  provided  to complete  or  refine  toxics
emission  data  bases  and  to  improve  state  and  local  ambient  monitoring
capabilities .

     Technical  oversight   and  support  will be  provided  to  state and  local
programs developing post- 1987 data  bases  in  ozone  and  carbon  monoxide  (CO)
areas including limited coordination  of the periodic nonmethane organic com-
pounds  (NMOC) /nitrogen oxides  (NOX)  sampling programs and minimal oversight of
revisions to the CO and ozone ambient networks.

1989 Program

     In  1989 the Agency  is allocating a  total  of  $3,926,300 supported by 86.2
total workyears to  this  program, of which  $3,803,500 is  from  the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $122,800  is  from  the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     In  1989 TAMS  is  being operated  at three sites  in  Boston,  Houston,  and
Chicago  and  at a  single  site in  Seattle.   The  SLAMS  network operated by state
and local  agencies  is  being reviewed  and an assessment of equipment needs for
ozone/CO is  being  made.   The Regions are   continuing to work with  states in
identifying  and eliminating air  monitoring sites  that have marginal  utility.
The Regions  are continuing  their programs   of  on-site visits  to review/audit
NAMS  (and  a  small  percentage  of SLAMS)  and to review laboratories for proper
operating  and  quality assurance  procedures.   The validation,  management,  and
coordination of state and local air  quality and  emission data  bases  before
they  are submitted  to  EPA's central  .data  bank are  continuing.    The Regions
continue to  have  an active  role in overseeing the establishment of state  and
local sampling networks for
     As part of their  oversight  of  ongoing  PM^Q  sampling programs,  the Regions
are  active in  reviewing  and  interpreting  ambient  data  and  in  coordinating
state  adjustments  to  sampling frequency  at sites experiencing exceedances of
the  PM^o  National  Ambient  Air  Quality  Standard  (NAAQS).    To  support  the
development  of post-1987  ozone  State  Implementation  Plans  (SIPs) ,  Regional
efforts  to improve  the  quality  and  timeliness of  ambient and emission data
bases  have increased.    Quality assurance  activities  and  state  audits  are
continuing, and strong emphasis  on  the  National  Air  Audit System is also being
continued.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988 the Agency obligated a total  of $4,014,100 supported by 87.8 total
workyears,  of  which   $3,823,400   was   from  the   Salaries  and   Expenses
appropriation  and  $190,700  was  from  the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance
appropriation .

     In 1988 the  Regional Offices coordinated the collection,  validation,  and
submission  of   ambient  data  necessary  to  support   EPA  actions  calling  for
revised SIPs for  ozone  and CO.   In addition,  the  Regions  assisted  states in
preparing  draft  network plans for  ambient monitoring  of PM^Q  anc*  developing
                                2-56

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revisions  necessary  to meet  EPA requirements.   The Regions also  assisted 62
state  and local agencies  in assessing potential  risks from toxic pollutants
through ambient sampling and 51 agencies in developing emission inventories.
AIR QUALITY AND EMISSION DATA MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests   a  total  of  $11,139,800  supported by  80.5  total
workyears  for  this program, of  which  $4,470,400 will be  for  the  Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and $6,669,400 will be  for the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance  appropriation.   This represents  an  increase  of  $228,800  for the
Salaries   and   Expenses  appropriation,   an  increase  of  $2,500,000  in  the
Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  appropriation,   and   no  change  in  total
workyears  from 1989.   The increase will  support improvements to  urban scale
models  for ozone,  a center for  support of PM^o modeling,  development  of PM^g
emission   factors,   software  to analyze   ozone   and  CO  SIP  progress,  and
development of 1990  inventories  for regional strategy analyses.

     The  existing  Aerometric  Information  Retrieval  System (AIRS)  Air  Quality
Subsystem  will  be  maintained and guidance provided to users.  Access  will be
provided  to three  to  five additional  states.   New  software  to  support high
priority  ozone,  CO  and  PM^g  analyses  will be developed.   The AIRS Facility
Subsystem  will be  maintained,   guidance  provided,  and access  provided  to  12
additional states.

     Implementation  of  the Agency's  toxic monitoring  strategy will  continue.
Support to  the  post-1987 CO ;and  ozone  program will continue 'with management of
regional  ozone  modeling  of  the  Northeast,   management   of  NMOC  monitoring,
technical  guidance  on  monitoring   networks  and  on  data  bases  needed  for
attainment  demonstrations,  and  consultation with  agencies on the  use  of grid
(Airshed) models for ozone attainment demonstrations in major urban areas.

     Initiatives will be undertaken to actively  support  development, storage,
and  quality  assurance   of the  1990  -National  Acid  Precipitation Assessment
Program  (NAPAP)  emission  inventory and  to develop  special  AIRS  software  to
track,  summarize,  and display  air quality  and emission data  relating to ozone
and  CO  regulatory  programs.    A  program will  be  initiated to  develop  an
official version of the  Urban  Airshed Model  for  regulatory use  and to  support
application  of  the model for  ozone  analyses   in   six  nonattainment  areas.
Active  support of  Headquarters, Regional,  and state/local  modeling  of both
NAAQS  and  toxics  pollutants  will  be  continued  as  will  on-going efforts  to
evaluate model accuracy and provide  refined models.

     Emission  testing  support  will continue with  more emphasis on  technical
support  to state  and  local  agencies.    The program  will  also   continue  to
prepare  analyses  of ambient  and  emission trends,  issue status  and  trends
reports, and provide national  oversight of SIP ambient monitoring.  Technical
support of Regional Office and  state programs for PM^g monitoring,   inventories,
and modeling will also be continued.

     An  initiative  will  be  undertaken  to  fill  gaps  existing   in  the
                               2-57

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emission  factor  data  base   through  emission  tests  of  eight  to  12  source
categories  identified as  significant  particulate emitters  in Group  I  areas.
The emission  factor  clearinghouse  will  actively support Regions and  states in
applying  the  best factors available and  in developing or estimating  source
specific  factors.   Also,  a  center will be  established to support PM^g model
users on  data bases,  model  documentation, and  application of dispersion  and
receptor  modeling   techniques   to  traditional  and   non-traditional  source
categories.

1989 Program

     In 1989  the  Agency is allocating a total of $8,411,000  supported by 80.5
total workyears to this program,  of which $4,241,600  is from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation  and   $4,169,400  is  from  the   Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     In 1989  the  program  is  focusing on  four  priority areas:   (1)  providing
active  support  to the  Regional Offices and  to an  expanding  number  of state
users of  the  AIRS Air Quality Subsystem;  (2)  completing basic  software for the
Facility  Subsystem  of AIRS and providing  training,  documentation, and system
access  to the Regions and six  states; (3) providing guidance  and consultation
on  techniques required  to assess  attainment of  the NAAQS for PM^Q,  revising
ambient networks  and  sampling  frequencies,  applying  models  for  SIP  analyses
and developing  and applying  emission factors to the PM^Q  SIP  inventories;  and
(4) broadly supporting Regional Office and state efforts relating  to  future CO
and  ozone  SIP  revisions,  including:    the   review  of  ambient  networks,  the
development  of  technical  and  procedural  guidance  for  preparing  emission
inventories,  the  provision of  assistance  in  preparing data  bases needed to
apply models,  and continuation of the multi-year project to assess the regional
transport of ozone and precursors in the Northeast.

     Technical analyses to support reviews  of the NAAQSs for ozone and lead are
continuing.    The  air toxics  program  includes continued implementation  of  the
ambient monitoring strategy with  oversight of the TAMS  network  in four cities
and analyses  of ambient  levels  for  selected  toxic  compounds.   Emission factors
and guidance  on emission inventories will  be  issued  to support SIP inventories
for PM^Q  anc*  ozone/CO.   Guidance is being  furnished  to  Regional  Offices  and
state/local agencies  on  applying  models  to provide  screening  estimates  of  air
quality  for  toxic   pollutants.   Additional  software  for  the  Air  Quality
Subsystem  is  being   developed  and  access is  being  provided to  12-15  more
agencies.    The evaluation and refinement of dispersion  models  continues as
does support  and  guidance on model application  for all  NAAQS pollutants  and
for those pollutants  under assessment for  possible  regulation under  the Clean
Air Act.   Emission  testing support  is  being provided  to  Headquarters offices
responsible   for  developing   or  revising  emission   standards   and  limited
technical support is  provided to state/local  agencies  in applying  test methods
used in SIP compliance  and for non-routine  tests.   The program  is continuing
to analyze  ambient  and  emission trends  for  NAAQS pollutants, prepare various
status  and  trends  reports,   and provide  national  oversight  of  SIP  ambient
monitoring.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of  $5,230,400 supported by 66.6 total
                               2-58

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workyears,   of  which   $3,636,100  was   from  the   Salaries  and   Expenses
appropriation  and  $1,594,300 was  from the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance
appropriation.

    • In   1988   emphasis   continued  on  providing  training   and   specialized
conversion assistance to  Regions  and establishing full access  to  the AIRS Air
Quality  Subsystem "for 19 additional  states.   The software  design  phase was
completed for  the  new AIRS  subsystem  which will store and  retrieve  emissions
and  compliance  data.     Other  major  activities  included:    publication  and
distribution  of final  rulemaking to  revise  EPA's  Air  Modeling  Guideline;
publication of  the  Air Quality and Emissions Trends Report  for 1986  data; and
publication  of  a   major  supplement  to  EPA's Compilation  of  Air  Pollutant
Emission  Factors.   The emissions  program concentrated on providing  technical
support  to Regions  and  states in  the  application of PM and  other  factors, and
preparing proposed  technical guidance  and requirements for the  development of
emission inventories for post-1987 SIPs for ozone and  CO.
                                2-59

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Enforcement

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents


                                                                        Page

AIR                                                                     2-1

ENFORCEMENT
   Stationary Source Enforcement 	 	  2-60
   Mobile Source Enforcement 	  2-65

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                                                   AIR
                                       Stationary Source Enforcement

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Stationary Source
Enforcement
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
       $12,381.4  $13,308.2  $13,255.6  $13,754.5      $498.9
        $2,900.0   $3,180.1   $3,155.7   $4,625.7    $1,470.0

TOTAL  $15,281.4  $16,488.3  $16,411.3  $18,380.2    $1,968.9
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance

Stationary Source
Enforcement
       $12,381.4  $13,308.2  $13,255.6  $13,754.5      $498.9
        $2,900.0   $3,180.1   $3,155.7   $4,625.7    $1,470.0
TOTAL  $15,281.4  $16,488.3  $16,411.3  $18,380.2    $1,968.9
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Stationary Source
Enforcement
           285.6
296.2
294.1
311.8
17.7
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
           285.6
296.2
294.1
311.8
17.7
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Stationary Source
Enforcement
           302.6
314.4
311.8
311.8
TOTAL WORKYEARS
           302.6
314.4
311.8
311.8
                                       2-60

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                                      AIR
                         Stationary Source Enforcement
Budget Request

     The  Agency requests  a  total of  $18,380,200  supported by  311.8  total
workyears for  this  program,  of which $13,754,500 will be  for the  Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and $4,625,700 will be  for  the Abatement, Control and
Compliance  appropriation.    This  represents an  increase  of  $498,900  for the
Salaries  and   Expenses  appropriation,  an  increase  of   $1,470,000  in  the
Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  appropriation,  and   no  change  in  total
workyears from 1989.


STATIONARY SOURCE ENFORCEMENT

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency requests  a  total of  $18,380,200  supported by  311.8  total
workyears for  this  program,  of which $13,754,500 will be  for the  Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and $4,625,700 will be  for  the Abatement, Control and
Compliance  appropriation.    This  represents an  increase  of  $498,900  for the
Salaries  and   Expenses  appropriation,  an  increase  of   $1,470,000  in  the
Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  appropriation,  and   no  change  in  total
workyears from 1989.   The  increase will  support implementation of  strategies
for  asbestos   demolition  and  renovation  as well  as  ensuring credibility  in
certification of woodstove production lines.

     In  1990   the  ten  EPA  Regional  Offices  will   continue  their  compliance
monitoring  and  enforcement   efforts  to   ensure   (in  concert   with  states)
compliance  with State  Implementation  Plans  (SIPs) ,  new source  performance
standards (NSPS) ,  and National Emission Standard for  Hazardous  Air  Pollutants
(NESHAPs) .    The  focus  of  the  program  will  be   on addressing  sources  in
nonattainment  areas,  with particular emphasis  on  volatile  organic  compound
(VOC)  sources  in ozone nonattainment areas and  toxic air pollutant sources.
Implementation  of  strategies  for  the NESHAP  program  for  asbestos  demolition
and  renovation (D&R)  will continue,  as will  initiatives  to  enforce  the other
NESHAP standards.  Also continued will be  a comprehensive  program to determine
the  effectiveness  of VOC  rules,   implementation  of the compliance  monitoring
and  inspection targeting  program  to ensure better utilization of  inspection
resources, and  workshop and  technical  support  activities directed  at improving
compliance  efforts  in ozone  nonattainment areas.    The  initiative  to  enhance
VOC  compliance  in ozone nonattainment, including  addressing small  VOC sources,
will be continued.
     In the  area  of size-specific particulate matter  (PM^o) -  tne  Regions will
review proposed PM^o  SIPs  for enforceability and efforts  will be  initiated to
ensure  compliance  by  sources  subject  to  newly   promulgated   PM^Q  SIPs.
Enforcement  of continuous  emission  monitoring  (CEM)  requirements of sulfur
                              .  2-61

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dioxide (SC>2) sources will also continue.

     In 1990 EPA  Headquarters  will  continue to participate in  the  development
of  policy  guidance,  planning,  and  budgeting activities,  and  the  review  of
selected Regional  activities  and  program performance.   Headquarters will  also
assure  the  enforceability of proposed  Agency regulations under NSPS ,  NESHAP,
and Prevention  of Significant Deterioration (PSD) programs; respond to  formal
inquiries;  manage  the  Compliance  Data  System (CDS) and the compliance  portion
of  the  Aerometric  Information  Retrieval System  (AIRS) ;  manage  the  level  of
effort contract; and conduct technical  studies.   Headquarters will  continue  to
implement  the   technical  agenda  by  developing   jointly  with  the  Regions  a
planned list of  technical projects  to  be initiated in 1990.  In addition,  the
program will assure  the  successful implementation  of  the  revised Asbestos
Renovation and Demolition Strategy.   Additional resources will  be used  to  hire
Senior  Environmental  Personnel who  will  collect  and distribute  notification,
inspection  and  compliance  information  across  EPA  Regional  programs  and  to
Headquarters .

     During  1990  EPA Headquarters  will  ensure   enhanced  VOC  compliance  by
providing  VOC  technical  and  training  support   to   the  Regions   and  state
agencies,   issuing  policy  guidance,  monitoring   compliance   and  enforcement
activities,   and  overviewing   the  implementation of  the  rule  effectiveness
protocol.   In addition, Headquarters will continue  implementing the  laboratory
program  for  woodstove  testing,   review   of   applications   for  woodstove
certification,   monitoring certification  tests,   certifying production  lines,
and   conducting   parameter    inspections   and   random  "compliance   audits.
Approximately 250 woodstove production  lines will  be certified  during 1990.
     Headquarters will  review proposed PM^Q  SIPs  for national  enforceability
issues.   Evaluating  the effectiveness of  state  and EPA compliance  monitoring
and inspection programs will  continue to  be a major activity  in  1990,  as  will
promoting  the  use of  and  developing national guidance  for CEM  requirements.
In addition,  Headquarters  will provide  implementation guidance  and  oversight
to   the   Regions   and   to  producers,   importers,    and   exporters   of
chlorofluorocarbons and halons .

1989 Program

     In 1989 the Agency is  allocating a total  of  $16,411,300 supported by 311.8
total workyears to this program, of which  $13,255,600  is from  the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and   $3,155,700  is  from  the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     In 1989  the  Regional  Office air  compliance  program continues to  monitor
and ensure  the compliance of the  26,500  largest  stationary SIP  sources,  the
2,500   NSPS   sources,   and  the   1,000   nontransitory  NESHAP   sources.
Implementation of the NESHAP  program  for asbestos  D&R  addressing approximately
8,000 contractors and 60,000  notifications  also continues.

     Major activities  include continuing  the  initiative to  enhance VOC source
compliance in  ozone  nonattainment  areas,  implementing a comprehensive  program
to determine  whether adopted VOC  measures are  being effectively  implemented
and conducting VOC compliance workshops to improve the quality  of inspections.
Efforts  to help  state and   local  air pollution  agencies  and   improve  their
                               2-62

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technical  capabilities  also  continues.    Other  activities   in  1989  include
ensuring  no  backsliding  from  existing  total  suspended  particulate  (TSP)
requirements during the development of PM^o SIPs and ensuring SC>2  sources meet,
where  applicable,  continuous   emission  monitoring  requirements.     Federal
enforcement   actions,   where   required,   focus   on   violating   sources   in
nonattainment areas, with  particular  emphasis on VOC sources  and on enforcing
regulations at  toxic air pollutant sources.  EPA  works closely with states in
this  effort   through   implementation  of  Agency   guidance   on   "timely  and
appropriate"  enforcement  actions.    Technical support   is  provided  to  the
ongoing litigation docket.

     In 1989  EPA Headquarters continues  to provide oversight  of the Regional
programs   to   ensure   national   consistency   and  effectiveness   through  a
combination of  comprehensive programmatic  review and review of certain classes
of  enforcement   actions.     This  program  also   continues   to assure  the
enforceability of proposed EPA  regulations, manage  the CDS  (including CDS ac-
tivities related to the development of the new AIRS Facility Subsystem); manage
the level  of effort contract  support program;  develop technical and program
guidance;  and conduct planning and budgeting activities.

     In 1989  a major activity  is  implementation of  the  compliance  monitoring
and inspection  targeting  strategy  which will allow  Regional  Offices and state
agencies to better  utilize their inspection resources.   Implementation of the
NSPS woodstoves program  is  continuing,  including the review  of applications
for woodstoves  certification,  the monitoring  of certification tests,  and the
evaluation  of test results.   The program to  enhance  VOC compliance  is also
continuing  in  1989.     Headquarters   continues oversight  and   evaluation  of
Regional and  state  efforts  to implement  enhanced VOC compliance monitoring and
inspection  activities,  the rule-effectiveness  assessments,  and  the small VOC
source  strategy.    Also,  Headquarters  is  developing  a  comprehensive  VOC
training program and compliance determination  guides  for  selected  categories
of VOC  sources.  Work to promote use of CEM  requirements,  including support
for Regional and state efforts,  also continues to be a major activity.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988  the Agency  obligated a  total of  $15,281,400 supported by 302.6
total  workyears, of  which  $12,381,400  was  from  the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation  and $2,900,000 was  from  the Abatement,  Control and  Compliance
appropriation.

     In response to a need to improve the compliance program,  a number of major
guidance documents  and  policies  were  issued in 1988.   Implementation programs
were initiated  to improve  the success  of these  new approaches.  The  three most
important documents were:  (1) the  Compliance  Monitoring Strategy  which changes
the process  used by states and  Regions to determine  their inspection program
for a given fiscal year or grant period.  This guidance will permit agencies to
target inspection resources into areas that present the greatest  environmental
or compliance problems;  (2)  the  Asbestos  Demolition  and  Renovation Activity
Strategy  which   focuses   the   compliance  program  on  individual  contractor
performance   rather  than  on  notification  of   activities.     The  strategy
recommends  inspection   procedures,  identifies  tracking  activities   to  target
recalcitrant  contractors,  and  encourages  states   to   adopt  training  and
certification programs;  (3)  the Rule  Effectiveness Protocol  which  outlines  a
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procedure  for  determining  the effectiveness  of rules,  particularly  for  VOC
sources.   This  is important  in  non-attaining areas where  emission reductions
will be very difficult to achieve.
                                2-64

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                                                   AIR
                                        Mobile Source Enforcement

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Mobile Source
Enforcement
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
        $5,346.1
        $1,890.8
$5,411.2
$2,309.6
$5,377.5
$2,179.2
$6,021.3
$3,479.2
  $643.8
$1,300.0
                       TOTAL   $7,236.9   $7,720.8   $7,556.7   $9,500.5    $1,943.8
TOTAL:.
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance

Mobile Source
Enforcement
        $5,346.1   $5,411.2   $5,377.5   $6,021.3      $643.8
        $1,890.8   $2,309.6   $2,179.2   $3,479.2    $1,300.0
TOTAL   $7,236.9   $7,720.8   $7,556.7   $9,500.5    $1,943.8
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Mobile Source
Enforcement

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
            99.6
            99.6
   105.6
   105.6
   104.8
   104.8
   113.8
   113.8
     9.0
     9.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Mobile Source
Enforcement

TOTAL WORKYEARS
           104.4
           104.4
   105.6
   105.6
   104.8
   104.8
   113.8
   113.8
     9.0
     9.0
                                      2-65

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                                      AIR
                           Mobile Source Enforcement
Budget Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $9,500,500  supported  by  113.8  total
workyears  for this program,  of which $6,021,300 will be  for the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $3,479,200 will  be for the  Abatement,  Control and
Compliance  appropriation.   This  represents  an  increase  of $643,800  in the
Salaries   and  Expenses  appropriation,   an  increase  of  $1,300,000  in  the
Abatement,  Control  and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 9.0 total
workyears.
MOBILE  SOURCE  ENFORCEMENT

1990  Program Request

      The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $9,500,500  supported  by  113.8   total
workyears  for  this program,  of which $6,021,300 will  be  for the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $3,479,200 will  be for  the  Abatement,  Control and
•Compliance  appropriation.   This  represents  an  increase  of $643,800  in the
Salaries   and   Expenses  appropriation,   an  increase  of  $1,300,000  in  the
Abatement,  Control and Compliance appropriation, and  an increase of 9.0  total
workyears.  The increases reflect the additional resources needed to implement
the  Agency's  ozone control  strategy,  through enforcement  of the vehicle  fuel
volatility  rules,  and  to  implement a heavy-duty enforcement program.

      In  support   of   the  ozone  control  policy,   the  recall  program   will
investigate 23 suspect  light-duty  vehicle classes  together  with carrying out
related diagnostic  evaluation  and remedy development work.  A heavy-duty recall
program will  be  implemented  to assess  the  effectiveness  of  more stringent
emission  standards.    The   program  will'  investigate  three  heavy-duty engine
classes.  Investigations  of  light-duty trucks  will also  continue.  An estimated
seven emissions waiver requests  from the State of California  will be processed.
Investigations  into the operations of importers of non-conforming vehicles  will
continue  in  order ensure   that  the certification  procedures  are adequately
implemented.   The  Selective Enforcement  Audit (SEA)  program will  conduct ten
audits  of light-duty vehicle manufacturer  facilities,  five  audits of heavy-duty
manufacturer  facilities,  and  four  production compliance audits  in support  of
the   nonconformance  penalties  (NCP)  program to  ensure  that  new production
vehicles  and engines meet emissions and NCP  requirements.

        The  field  enforcement  program will  consist  of  inspections  of vehicle
fueling facilities as well as  the investigation  of suspected  tampering and
misfueling  incidents.   The fuels  inspection  effort will  continue  the program  of
sampling  fuels  for alcohol  and  other  fuel  additives  to  ensure  that   legal
limits  are not   exceeded.     Lead  phasedown  enforcement  (to  ensure   that
refineries,  importers  and  distributors  are complying with the lead phasedown
rules)  will involve 15 audits and an active caseload of approximately  30  major
                                2-66

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violations.    A   total   of  450  tampering  investigations  will   result  in
approximately 75  notices  of violation.   Audits  of the  incidence  of tampering
and  fuel  switching will  be carried  out at  15  sites  primarily to  gauge the
effectiveness of  the  anti-tampering  programs being  implemented by  state and
local jurisdictions.  EPA will continue to assist with the development of state
and  local  programs aimed  at  preventing tampering and  fuel switching.   It  is
anticipated that nine new programs will be implemented,  thus bringing the total
to  54.   The  fuel volatility  program will provide  for 10,000  inspections  of
retail  fuel  outlets,  refiners,  and  distributors to  ensure  that  fuels  meet
volatility  standards.    These  inspections  are  expected  to   lead  to  the
prosecution of approximately 500 violations of the volatility limits.

1989 Program

     In 1989 the Agency is  allocating a total of $7,556,700 supported by 104.8
total workyears for this program,  of  which  $5,377,500  is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and $2,179,200  is  from  the   Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     The recall  program  is  continuing  with  the  investigation  of  23 suspect
light-duty  classes,   together  with related diagnostic  evaluation  and  remedy
development work.   An  estimated  seven emissions  waiver  requests  from the State
of  California  are  being  processed.    The  implementation  of   the  regulatory
revisions  to  the  imports program continues.   The  program is  processing  an
estimated  8,000  applications   for  importation of nonconforming  vehicles.   The
SEA  program  is   shifting  focus  " by  conducting  10   audits   of  light-duty
manufacturer facilities and five  audits of heavy-duty  manufacturer facilities
to ensure  that new production  vehicles  and  engines meet emission requirements.
Four  Production   Compliance  Audits will be  completed.    Approximately  1,800
consumer  inquiries  on  emission  warranty  issues  will  be  answered.     The
anti-tampering and anti-fuel  switching enforcement  programs  are  expected  to
result  in  400  notices  of violations  of which approximately 34 cases will  be
referred to the Department of Justice  for prosecution.   Audits of tampering and
fuel switching are being  carried out  at 15  sites.   EPA is continuing to assist
with the development of state  and  local programs aimed at preventing tampering
and  fuel  switching.    It  is  anticipated that three  new  programs will  be
implemented,  thus bringing the total to 45.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988 the Agency obligated $7,236,900 supported by 104.4 total workyears
for  this  program,  of  which   $5,346,100  was   from the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and $1,890,800  was  from  the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance
appropriation.

     Under  the   recall program,  23   light-duty vehicle   investigations  were
conducted  resulting  in one ordered recall  affecting nearly 500,000 vehicles.
An additional 10  influenced and  23 voluntary  recalls,  completed  as a result of
EPA  investigations,   affected  over 3.6 million vehicles.   Eight  California
waivers  were  issued.    The SEA  program conducted seven audits  of light-duty
manufacturer facilities and four  audits of heavy-duty  manufacturer facilities
to ensure that new production vehicles and engines meet emissions requirements.
Three Production  Compliance audits were  conducted.   Inquiries and applications
for  the importation of nonconforming  vehicles  continued with the processing of
                                2-67

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15,000 applications.

     The anti-tampering and  anti-fuel  switching enforcement program continued.
Accomplishments included the establishment of seven new  programs  by states and
localities;  issuance  of 367  notices  of  violation in  the tampering  and  fuel
switching  programs;  and  evaluation of  three  fuel  and  fuel additive  waiver
requests.    A study of  the  effects of the  lead phasedown  regulations  on  farm
equipment was completed.
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-3. WATER QUALITY

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents

                                                                        Page

WATER QUALITY                                                           3-1

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   Water Quality Research	3-10
      Scientific Assessment	3-14
      Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 	  3-15
      Health Effects	3-17
      Environmental Engineering and Technology 	  3-18
      Environmental Processes and Effects	3-19
      Great Lakes	-	3-20
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
   Water Quality and Grants Program Management 	  3-22
      Water Quality Management 	  3-24
      Great Lakes Program	3-26
      Chesapeake Bay Program 	  3-28
   Effluent Standards and Guidelines 	  	  3-31
   Grants Assistance Programs	3-34
      Clean Lakes Program	3-35
      Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106)	3-36
   Water Quality Strategies Implementation 	  3-40
      Wetlands Protection	3-42
      Ocean Disposal Permits 	  3-45
      Environmental Emergency Response and Prevention	3-47
      Standards and Regulations	3-48
   Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis	  .  3-51
      Coastal Environment Management 	  3-53
      Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis	3-55
   Municipal Source Control	3-58
      Municipal Waste Treatment Facility Construction	3-60
      Waste Treatment Operations and Maintenance 	  3-62
ENFORCEMENT
   Water Quality Enforcement 	  3-65
   Water Quality Permit Issuance 	  3-69

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                                                    WATER QUALITY
ACTUAL
1988

ENACTED
1989

CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST
1990

INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
 APPROPRIATION
                                                (DOLLARS  IN THOUSANDS)
  Salaries  & Expenses
  Abatement Control  and
  Compliance
  Research  & Development
  Scientific Activities
  Overseas

 TOTAL,  Water Quality
$101,980.7 $108,251.3 $107,380.8 $115,789.0
$146,594.3 $171,486.4 $170,542.2 $182,280.3
  $8,570.2
       $.8
$8,878.0   $8,848.1   $9,833.0
 $8,408.2
$11,738.1

   $984.9
$257,146.0 $288,615.7 $286,771.1 $307,902.3   $21,131.2
 PERMANENT  WORKYEARS
 TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
 AUTHORIZATION  LEVELS
   1,988.4    2,141.4    2,125.8    2,234.0       108.2
   2,151.1    2,236.2    2,219.5    2,234.0        14.5
$268,124.2 $281,887.6 .$280,095.0 $303,722.7   $23,627.7
The Water Quality Act of 1987 reauthorized this program
at a level of $385,270.0 for 1988,  $410,270.0 for 1989,
and $410,270.0 for 1990.
                                        3-1

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                                     WATER

                                WATER QUALITY
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY

     The  Clean  Water  Act,  as   amended;  Marine   Protection,   Research  and
Sanctuaries Act; and  the  Marine Plastic Pollution Research and  Control Act of
1987 provide  the legislative basis  for EPA's  water quality programs.   These
laws direct  EPA to take  measures  to protect the Nation's  waters in  order to
safeguard public health, recreational uses,  and aquatic life.

     The Water  Quality Act  (WQA)  of 1987,  which amended the Clean Water  Act
(CWA),  expanded  and strengthened  the CWA through a  number  of changes  designed
to enhance water quality  and improve the well-defined partnership between  the
EPA  and  the  states.  The  amended  Act  ratifies   existing  programs  (e.g.,
technology-based  and   water  quality-based  effluent  limits  for point  source
dischargers).    It  also  provides  new  tools  to  strengthen  existing  programs
(e.g.,  mandatory controls for sewage sludge  use and  disposal and administrative
penalties  to  streamline  enforcement actions);  establishes  new  approaches  to
address existing water pollution problems  (e.g., new programs  for  control of
nonpoint source  pollution, stormwater and sludge);  creates  the state revolving
loan funds program to replace construction grants;  and mandates requirements to
address  existing and emerging  problems (e.g.,  surface water   toxic  control
programs).   The  WQA   gives  legislative recognition to  three  programs  which
impact near  coastal waters:  the  National  Estuary,  Chesapeake  Bay,  and Great
Lakes Programs.

     The Marine Protection, Research.and Sanctuaries Act is  designed to protect
the  ocean  from unregulated  dumping of material  that  would  endanger  human
health, public welfare, the marine environment,  or economic  potential.   The Act
authorizes  the  Agency  to develop criteria for ocean  disposal  of  industrial
waste,  municipal sludges, and other dredged  materials.   EPA is authorized to
designate  disposal sites and  issue  permits  for   all  non-dredged  materials
through 1991.   Recent amendments  to the Act prohibit ocean  dumping of sewage
sludge and  industrial  wastes after December 31, 1991.   The Corps of Engineers
is responsible  for  issuing permits for  dredged materials (not affected by the
ban);  however,   EPA  reviews  these  applications  for  consistency  with  EPA
criteria.

     The Marine  Plastic  Pollution  Research  and Control Act of 1987  implements
Annex V  of the  International Convention for  the Prevention  of  Pollution from
Ships,  1973;  and establishes programs  to  identify  and reduce  the  effects of
plastic pollution on  the  marine environment.   Under this law,  EPA is  required
to submit  a report  to Congress on methods  to  reduce plastic  pollution; assist
the  National Oceanic  and Atmospheric  Administration  in conducting  a public
education  program;  prepare  a  New York Bight Restoration  Plan; and  submit  a
report to  Congress  on the problems  associated with plastic  debris  in the  New
York Bight.

     Water  quality programs in  1990  and  beyond  will   focus  on three  major
objectives:    (1)  building  state and  local  capacity to  protect  high  risk,
critical habitats  from pollution;  (2)  protecting the nation's  surface waters
from toxic  and  hazardous point discharges; and  (3) maintaining  the  progress
made  to   date   in  cleaning  up  and  developing  infrastructure  to protect  our
surface waters.   EPA  will provide  technical  and financial  assistance to  the
                                3-2

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states to carry-out their increased base workload and meet new requirements.

Protect Critical Habitats and Valuable Ecosystems

State Clean Water Strategies (SCWS)

     Since  enactment  of  the Water  Quality Act  of  1987,  EPA has  encouraged
states to develop  integrated,  targeted,  and prioritized plans, referred  to  as
State  Clean  Water Strategies,  for  addressing  their overall  water  quality
problems.   EPA expects  that about half  of the  states will elect  to  develop
Strategies by  the  Fall of 1989.   In  1990,  EPA will  continue to  encourage and
assist states with Strategy  implementation  through  coordination of EPA program
requirements;  use   of  grant   funds,   technical  assistance,   guidance  and
information  transfer  for  implementing  Strategy  components;  and  by  making
available expanded geographic-oriented  data bases.   In addition,  EPA  plans  to
use SCWS in selected state priority critical habitats to coordinate related EPA
programs;  leverage  United  States Department  of  Agriculture  resources  and
policies  (with  special emphasis on problem pesticides);   encourage  innovative
state  and local approaches;  and build public  understanding of  water  quality
issues.

Protecting Wetlands

     Wetlands loss  has a  major impact on  our  environment,  including  adverse
effects on species populations and the severity of flooding.  In 1990,  EPA will
continue  to  emphasize  a more active state  role  in  wetlands protection through
the development of  state  wetlands  programs.  Specifically,  EPA will encourage
state  assumption  of  Section 404 permitting responsibilities and  incorporation-
of wetland values  into their Section 401 water  quality certification  process.
EPA will  continue to perform its Section  404 responsibilities with emphasis on
more aggressive enforcement  and  the use of  administrative  penalties  to address
permit violations.

     In 1990, EPA's wetland  research program will conduct  research to  quantify
the water quality functions  of  inland wetlands,  to  evaluate the  sensitivity of
wetlands  to  contaminants,  to consider  the  adequacy of existing  water  quality
criteria,  to  develop   cumulative  impact  assessment  procedures,  and  improve
methods and guidance to mitigate wetland loss.   Efforts will be directed toward
developing  methods for  monitoring the  ecological  condition of  the  Nation's
wetlands, and  evaluating the potential use of  man-made wetlands  for  treating
wastewaters from small communities and acid mine drainage.

Near Coastal Waters and Oceans

     EPA  will  place major  emphasis  on protecting  and restoring  the  Nation's
near coastal waters  (NCW)  and oceans.   Near coastal  waters activities  will be
increased to apply the  national NCW assessment  data to   permitting and  other
regulatory  and  management  programs.    The  Gulf  of Mexico  Initiative  will  be
expanded  to  include a monitoring and  data collection program  to  be  used  in
evaluating the environmental health of  the  Gulf.  In addition,  the Agency will
work with the  Gulf States to initiate  development  of policy options under the
Gulf Initiative's Framework for Action.

     Using information  derived  from experience in  the  Great Lakes,  Chesapeake
Bay, other estuary projects, and near coastal pilot  projects, EPA will expand a
national  network  for  information  exchange  about near coastal water problems,
management  tools,  and  innovative  and  successful management techniques.  This


                                 3-3

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network is helping  officials,  especially local coastal zone managers,  to  make
sound environmental decisions and use resources effectively.
              /
     In 1990, the National Estuary Program (NEP) will expand to include a total
of sixteen estuary  projects.   The  Agency will continue to support  the twelve
existing estuary  projects,  with  the  first of  these projects moving  into  the
implementation  stage  of  its  comprehensive plan.   Four new  projects  will  be
selected and initiated on  the basis of  national  significance, with  priority
consideration given to project sites referenced in the amended CWA.   These four
projects will  expand  the  geographic coverage  of  the program,  support  the
further  development  of  project   expertise,   and   apply   and  test  remedial
approaches developed in the earlier estuary projects.

   In response  to provisions  of the 1987  Chesapeake Bay Agreement,  EPA  will
continue a permit compliance  initiative, undertake  pesticides  monitoring,  and
begin evaluating  the effectiveness  of nutrient  control  projects in  preparation
for the  1991 reassessment of  the Bay Agreement.   At the same  time,  the Great
Lakes program will be addressing toxics  problems as set forth in the 1987 U.S.-
Canada Agreement  by beginning three  In-Place  Pollutant Demonstration projects
and adding the ship-board toxics analysis capability to its research vessel.

     EPA will be  continuing its  involvement with the Corps  of Engineers in the
designation and management of dredged material disposal sites.   The  Agency will
undertake more  intensive  sampling and  testing to  enhance the  environmental
impact  studies  prepared  by  the  Corps  and better  assure  compliance  with  EPA
criteria.  A number of Congressionally  mandated projects focusing  on the  New
York Bight -- the restoration  plan,  the  Mud Dump site alternative,  and the 106
mile  site   reassessment  --  will  be carried  out.    The  Agency  will  begin
implementing  recommendations  from  the   marine pollution  studies,  including
public education  and citizen, monitoring.

     The research program will develop and validate assessment methodologies to
support comprehensive protection and management planning for estuaries and near
coastal waters.   Assessment  methods are required  to  characterize point  and
nonpoint sources  of  pollution, determine the exposure  of and  effect on living
resources to  pollutants,  and provide  quantitative  risk assessment  for managing
estuarine  and   near  coastal  waters.      Emphasis  will  be   given   to  the
development/testing of  biomarker assessment methods,  development of wasteload
allocation models for estuaries,  studies of system  resiliency, recovery,  and
eutrophication.

Nonpoint Source Pollution Control

     Recognizing  that  NFS pollution  is  a major contributor to  both toxic  and
nontoxic water quality problems, EPA will assist states to successfully develop
and implement Section 319 programs that  will anchor the long-term future of NFS
management efforts across the United  States.  We will proceed in 1989 with full
state management  program approvals  only where  the  state  has  clearly met  the
requirements  of  the  Act;  elsewhere  EPA  will  use  partial program approvals
combined with EPA assistance to  help  upgrade  state  programs prior  to approval.
In 1990, EPA will provide financial and  technical  assistance  to states to make
certain that state NPS programs succeed in both the short-  and long-term.

     Specifically,  EPA will provide  information and tools states  need in a
national  outreach  program  aimed  at generating public  understanding  of  and
commitment to deal  effectively with NPS  pollution.   This outreach  program will
help build  support  for state/local  funding initiatives and innovative use  of
                                3-4

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State  Revolving  Fund  resources.  EPA  will  help  states  develop  innovative
statewide  program   approaches   to  NFS  prevention  and   control,   including
regulatory programs, funding mechanisms  and financial incentives.   This will be
achieved through  a  comprehensive program that  transfers  technical information
and  successful  approaches for  implementing  targeted watershed projects  and a
clearinghouse for state/local funding ideas.

     To further strengthen NFS  management, EPA  will  network existing statutory
and  regulatory  authorities  as  well  as  continue   to  develop  water  quality
standards,  criteria and  monitoring  approaches  for  NFS pollution.    EPA will
encourage  states   to   leverage  other  program  resources   for   NFS  control,
especially those  of  the USDA,  and emphasize  public/private partnerships  to
promote  use  of  land conservancy  as a  Best Management  Practice.    EPA will
integrate its  authorities and programs to deal with pesticide and  fertilizer
contamination associated  with  agricultural practices and to  coordinate use of
stormwater permitting requirements under Section 402(p)  with state programs.

Control Discharges of Toxic and Hazardous Pollutants

     By February  1989,  states  will develop and submit  to EPA lists  of waters,
sources, and amounts of toxic pollutants,  and individual  control  strategies
(ICS) for reducing  the  discharge of toxic pollutants and hazardous  substances
into  impaired  waters.    The  ICS will consist of National  Pollutant Discharge
Elimination  System  (NPDES)  permits based on  total  maximum  daily  loadings and
wasteload allocations,  as needed,  and accompanying fact sheets.   EPA must then
review  and  approve  or  disapprove  the  states'  lists  and  ICS within 120 days.
One  year thereafter,  EPA must  issue ICS  where the  states  failed to  do so or
where such ICS are not approved by EPA.

     EPA and states will issue  or modify major permits where  assessments are
completed  and  toxic/toxicity  controls  determined,  issue  major   permits with
toxic/toxicity limits or  biomonitoring requirements  where assessments have not
been  completed  but toxics  problems  have  been identified,  and  issue  Best
Available Technology  (BAT)  permits to organic  chemical facilities.    As toxic
and  hazardous  pollutants  and  control  needs   are   identified,   pretreatment
programs will  become increasingly important, and municipalities  will need to
incorporate   appropriate  local   limits   into   their  pretreatment   program
requirements.   EPA  will  continue  to audit municipal pretreatment programs to
assess the need for new or revised local limits  and determine if publicly owned
treatment works (POTWs)  are properly applying categorical  standards.   EPA/state
enforcement actions will be taken where  POTWs do not  adequately implement their
approved  pretreatment  program.    Additionally,   direct   enforcement  against
non-complying industrial  users  will provide  an immediately  effective  means of
controlling toxic pollutant and toxicity discharges  to POTWs.  To accompany the
increasing emphasis  on  toxic controls in permits,  EPA continues  to work with
states  to  develop,  revise,  and  approve state  sludge  management programs.
Sludge  disposal/use  controls  will  continue  to  be   incorporated  into  high
priority  POTW  permits,  as  will  sludge  monitoring requirements  into  other
expiring POTW permits.

     EPA will  also  implement a  Toxics  Control  Strategy for NPDES enforcement
that addresses compliance monitoring for toxics  and toxicity, identifies how to
track the  results of permittee toxicity  reduction evaluations,  and  recommends
appropriate enforcement responses.   This Strategy will significantly change the
NPDES inspection program and require inspections to  include  assessing permittee
biomonitoring and toxics sampling capabilities and performance.
                                3-5

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     In support  of improved toxic assessments  and controls, EPA will  improve
its surface water monitoring data base  and  technical  procedures  for performing
exposure  and  risk assessments and identifying hazards.  The Agency will also
perform exposure and risk assessments to identify toxic pollutants that are the
most  likely   candidates   for   future  307(a)  listing  or  other   regulatory
requirements (e.g., developing EPA criteria).   EPA will develop  controls and/or
guidance for treating industrial discharges that are identified  or suspected of
being toxic; continue to review existing and new industries  pursuant to 304(m);
develop additional EPA criteria (including criteria for sediments);  and develop
and/or  update  guidance  for  identifying  impaired  waters, conducting  risk
assessments/wasteload allocations,  controlling additional toxic  and hazardous
substances  that  contribute  to  use  impairment,  and  conducting  monitoring
programs.    In  1990,  EPA will  also work with  states and Indian  tribes  as they
develop water quality standards for toxic pollutants.

     The research program will focus  on the development  of  improved approaches
for enhanced control  of toxics and toxicity  in municipal wastewater treatment
and  the  determination  of  specific  biological  pathways   and  decomposition
products.    It  will  also  continue to  develop a  data base  on the  kinetics of
removal of  specific  toxics  by sorption,  volatilization,  and  biodegradation;
correlate  fate  data with  fundamental physical-chemical  properties  of  the
compounds;  develop predictive  methods or  models  for  the   fate  of  toxics in
publicly-owned  treatment  works;  develop toxicity  reduction evaluation  (TRE)
procedures  for municipal  wastewater  treatment  plants to support  the Agency's
"Policy for Development of Water  Quality-Based Permit Limitations"; and assess
the  treatability  in  municipal wastewater  treatment plants  of  leachates  and
effluents from superfund sites and other solid and hazardous waste dischargers.
The research data will facilitate evaluation and prediction  of the consequences
of  toxics pass-through  in various wastewaters  into the freshwater and marine
environment,  thereby enabling rational decisions  under Sections   403(c)  and
301(h)  of  the  CWA.    The  data  directly support  the  pretreatment  studies
required  in Section  519  of the Water  Quality Act of 1987, and the Agency's
regulatory decisions on RCRA compounds.

Continue Environmental Gains

     EPA  is  managing dual programs to  finance  wastewater treatment facilities
under the Clean Water Act  --  the  construction grants  program and the new State
Revolving Fund (SRF) program -- and by 1990, will be midway  in implementing the
Act's transition to state and local self sufficiency with SRFs.   Capitalization
grants  will be  provided  to  states  for  establishing and  managing  their  SRF
programs on  a  sound,  self-sustaining basis.  Also, with the assistance of the
Corps  of  Engineers,  EPA  will be  managing the  large number  of active  grant
projects to prompt and effective completion.  EPA will continue  to work closely
with  state  and  local governments  to ensure  effective  transition  of  project
level  fiscal  and  management  responsibilities.    At  the  same  time EPA will
undertake important  initiatives in  outreach  assistance to hard  pressed small
communities,  coordinating  wastewater  and drinking  water  treatment  program
efforts for maximum local benefit.

     EPA will  also address national  issues relating  to  current infrastructure
protection,  financial and administrative impacts of water quality requirements,
and toxic and  sludge management requirements in  small  communities  and states.
Oversight of delegated programs, operations and maintenance  compliance efforts,
and effective completion of construction grants responsibilities will continue.
                                3-6

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     In  1990  the  National  Municipal  Policy  (NMP)  effort  will  be  almost
complete, with all but 85 major municipal  facilities expected to have completed
construction to meet final effluent limits.   The 1990 effort for NMP will be to
track compliance for these facilities and  for a small number of facilities that
will not meet their 1989 construction completion deadlines.   The major emphasis
of the municipal and  industrial enforcement  program in 1990 will be to enforce
requirements in NPDES permits designed to control  toxic  discharges.   This will
involve  a  higher percentage of  toxics-related inspections and  an anticipated
increase  in  significant  noncompliance  requiring  more  complex  enforcement
actions.   The  emphasis  for  the  pretreatment  program will  continue to  be on
compliance  by  POTWs  and  Industrial  Users   (IUs),   and   expanding  the  IU
compliance  assessment/enforcement activities  where EPA  or the  state  is  the
control authority.

     Recognizing  the  critical  role  of  accurate water quality  information for
Federal and state surface water pollution  control activities, EPA will continue
to develop  and  improve  the information base, technical  tools  and data systems
needed for effective  decision-making by EPA  and the states.   This will include
implementation  of  a national  data base containing lists of  impacted waters;
enhancement of  the  Permit Compliance System data  base to  enable data systems
integration  and  graphics  and mapping  applications;  development of  specific
program  guidance  for  state  monitoring  and water  quality  analysis  programs;
development  of technical  guidance  on  biological  monitoring,  ecoregions  and
other monitoring  techniques; and direct technical  assistance  and training for
state staffs.

Consulting Services

     The Agency uses  contractual  resources  to  fulfill the  requirements  of its
operating  legislation,   specifically  in   providing  technical  assistance  to
Regions,  state,  and  local  governments;   collecting   data   and  monitoring
background  levels  as a  basis  for future regulatory  actions; and  conducting
studies and analysis which support new programs.
                                3-7

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 WATER QUALITY

PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
EPA Ocean Dumping Permits. . . .
Ocean Discharge Criteria
Evaluations 	
Construction Grants
Awards 	
Active Construction Grants
Proj ects 	
Construction Project
Completions 	
Permits Issued by EPA:
Municipal
Maj or 	
Sludge Requirements 	
Minor 	
Non-Municipal
Maj or 	
Minor 	
General 	
Adjudicatory Hearings
Settled 	
Enforcement Actions:
Inspections 	
Admin. Orders (AOs) 	
AOs with Penalties 	
Civil Litigation 	
Criminal Litigation 	
Clean Lakes Projects
Awarded 	
Water Oualitv Criteria 	
Actual
1988
25
12
634
6,244
806
160
0
304
176
533
3
22
2,484
1,145
135
85
13
0
10
Current
Estimate
1989
25
12
282
5,996
681
175
175
0
235
0
5
65
1,900
463
387
110
11
77
5
Estimate
1990
25
28
63
5,529
528
219
219
0
223
0
5
75
1,900
635
246
59
14
10
5
Increase +
Decrease -
1990 vs.
1989
0
+16
-219
-467
-153
+44
+44
0
-12
0
0
+10
0
+172
-141
-51
+3
-67
0
3-8

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                                 WATER QUALITY
                                   Actual
                                    1988
       Current
      Estimate
        1989
       Estimate
          1990
      Increase
      Decrease
       1990 vs.
         1989
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES

Cumulative Outputs

Operational SRF Programs....

Final Effluent guidelines....

Propose Regulations for
 Sludge Reuse/Disposal
 Options	

NPDES State Program Approvals

National Estuary Projects....
 8

37



 5

39

12
40

41



 5

39

12
51

43



 5

40

16
+11

 +2



  0

 +1

 +4
                                3-9

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Research and
Development

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990  Budget  Estimate

                              Table of Contents
WATER QUALITY                                                           3-1

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   Water Quality Research	3-10
      Scientific Assessment	  .  3-14
      Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 	  3-15
      Health Effects 	  3-17
      Environmental Engineering and Technology 	  3-18
      Environmental Processes and Effects	3-19
      Great Lakes	3-20

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                                ACTUAL
                                 1988
                                                  WATER QUALITY
                                              Water Quality Research
ENACTED
 1989
 CURRENT
ESTIMATE
  1989
REQUEST
 1990
  INCREASE +
  DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment -
Water
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                       TOTAL
Monitoring Systems And
Quality Assurance -
Water
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                       TOTAL
Health Effects - Water
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                       TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Water
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                       TOTAL
Environmental Processes
And Effects - Water
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                       TOTAL
Great Lakes Research -
Water
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                       TOTAL
$315.4
$336.0
$651.4
$2,501.6
$906.7
$3,408.3
$1,212.1
$82.8
$1,294.9
$2,315.2
$3,268.4
$5,583.6
$8,998.9
$2,519.6
$11,518.5
$444 . 8
$1,456.7
$1,901.5
$15,788.0
$8,570.2
$310.2
$341.7
$651.9
$3,068.3
$1,006.4
$4,074.7
$661.5
$661.5
$2,143.0
$3,357.5
$5,500.5
$8,820.9
$2,674.8
$11,495.7
$461.5
$1,497.6
$1,959.1
$15,465.4
$8,878.0
$287.3
$316.7
$604.0
$3,013.3
$1,006.4
$4,019.7
$593.7
$593.7
$2,124.8
$3,352.6
$5,477.4
$8,870.0
$2,674.8
$11,544.8
$461.5
$1,497.6
$1,959.1
$15,350.6
$8,848.1
$305.0
$316.7
$621.7
$3,383.7
$1,006.4
$4,390.1
$614.2
$614.2
$2,558.6
$3,482.5
$6,041.1
$9,132.0
$3,529.8
$12,661.8
$480.0
$1,497.6
$1,977.6
$16,473.5
$9,833.0
$17.7
$17.7
$370.4
$370.4
$20.5
$20.5
$433.8
$129.9
$563.7
$262.0
$855.0
$1,117.0
$18.5
$18.5
$1,122.9
$984.9
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development

Water Quality Research TOTAL  $24,358.2  $24,343.4  $24,198.7  $26,306.5    $2,107.8
                                       3-10

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                                                  WATER QUALITY
                                              Water Quality Research


PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Water
Monitoring Systems And
Quality Assurance -
Water
Health Effects - Water
Environmental
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

4.0 5.5 5.1 5.0 -.1

43.6 55.5 54.5 54.4 -.1
22.9 9.5 9.1 9.1
35.1 37.5 37.4 37.3 -.1
Engineering And
Technology - Water

Environmental Processes
And Effects - Water

Great Lakes Research -
Water

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS

 TOTAL WORKYEARS
Engineering And
Technology - Water

Environmental Processes
And Effects - Water

Great Lakes Research -
Water

TOTAL WORKYEARS
145.2
  4.6
255.4
152.8
  8.0
268.8
161.1
  7.2
282.5
152.8
  8.0
268.8
152.4
  8.0
266.5
152.4
  8.0
26.6.5
152.2
  8.0
266.0
Scientific Assessment -
Water
Monito
Qualit
Water
Health
ring Systems And
y Assurance -
Effects - Water
Environmental
5
47
25
35
.5
.0
.8
.9
5
55
9
37
.5
.5
.5
.5
5
54
9
37
.1
.5
.1
.4
5
54
9
37
.0
.4
.1
.3
152.2
  8.0
266.0
-.2
                                                                                 -.1
                                                                                 -.1
                                                                                 -.1
-.2
-.5
                                       3-11

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                                   WATER QUALITY


                               Water Quality Research


                           Principal Outputs by Objective
Objective 1: Develop Scientific Data  to  Support  a Water Quality Based Approach
to Pollution Control

1990:  o     Report  on  validation  of  water  quality   criteria  for  Selenium
             (Environmental Processes)
       o     Report on water quality  functions of wetlands  (Environmental
             Processes)
       o     Report on the chronic toxicology of phthalic acids (Health)
       o     Prepare 10 new health advisories (Scientific Assessment)
       o     Evaluate monitoring  techniques  and  a generic approach to measure-
             ments of toxic compounds (Monitoring)

1989:  o     Finalize 55 water quality addenda for water criteria
             documents (Scientific Assessment)
       o     Evaluate and  standardize methodology for quantification of human
             pathogens (Monitoring)
       o     Report on developing sediment quality criteria from existing water
             quality criteria (Environmental Processes)

1988:  o     Provide addenda to 65  ambient  water quality documents (Scientific
             Assessment)
       o     Provide bioassay  approach  for  evaluating  the  health hazards  of
             waste water effluents (Health)
       o     Report on the toxicity identification of the toxic components of
             effluents (Environmental Processes)

Objective 2:   Develop  Scientific  Data Needed to  Support Environmentally Sound
Ocean Disposal. Estuarine and Great Lakes Programs

1990:  o     Assessment  of  the   second  generation  techniques  for  permitting
             ocean outfalls (Environmental Processes)
       o     Verification  of models  used  in  301 (h)  to  define  the  zone  of
             initial  dilution  and  water  quality  parameters  (Environmental
             Processes)

1989:  o     Development of validation of solid phase bioaccumulation tests
             (Environmental Processes)
       o     Report on  the  ecological  effects  of nutrients vs.  contaminants
             from  Publically-Owned  Treatment   Works   (POTWs)   (Environmental
             Processes)
       o     Report on methods for predicting biological impacts  of in-place
             pollutants in the upper Great Lakes  connecting  channels
             (Environmental Processes)
                                3-12

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1988:   o     Risk  assessment  of   the   ocean   disposal   of  dredged  material
             (Environmental Processes)
       o     Report  on  assessment   and  application  of  pollutants  biomag-
             nification evaluation techniques (Environmental Processes)
       o     Report  describing  mass  balances  of toxicants  of concern  in the
             upper Great Lakes connecting channels (Environmental Processes)

Objective  3:    Evaluation  of  Innovative  and  Alternative  (I/A)Technologies.
Sludge Management Alternatives and Toxicity Reduction Methods and Technology

1990:   o     Finalize surface impoundment methodology (Scientific Assessment)
       o     Report on the fate of  toxic  organics during  sludge treatment
             (Engineering)
       o     Report on pilot-scale treatability studies on  the pesticides
             manufacturing wastewater (Engineering)
       o     Maintain discharge monitoring report as  support  for  the quality
             assurance program (Monitoring)

1989:   o     Finalize pathogen land application methodology  (Scientific
             Assessment)
       o     Standardize methodology  for collection,  identification,  and
             enumeration of human pathogenic organisms in sludge  and soil to
             monitor the safety of direct land-application of wastewater and/or
             sludge (Monitoring)
       o     Report on evaluation of effectiveness of available methodology for
             reducing toxic metals and organics from  incineration emissions
             (Engineering)

1988:   o     Finalize chemical methodologies responding to the Science Advisory
             Board's (SAB's)  concerns   (Scientific  Assessment)
       o     Provide real-time process monitoring methodology  for toxic
             conditions (Monitoring)
       o     Report on the occurrence of  synthetic  chemical  constituents in
             distribution and marketing sludge  products (Health)
                               3-13

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                                   WATER QUALITY


                               Water Quality Research
Budget Request
     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $26,306,500  supported by  266.0  total
workyears for  1990,  an increase of  $2,107,800  and a decrease of  0.5  in total
workyears from 1989.  Of the  request,  $16,473,500  will  be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $9,833,000 will be for  the Research and Development
appropriation, an increase of $1,122,900 and of $984,900,  respectively.

Program Objectives

     The Water  Quality  research program provides  the scientific  and technical
data to  states  and the EPA's  Office of Water in  implementing the Clean Water
Act and the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries  Act.

     Objective  1:   Develop  Scientific  Data to  Support a Water Quality Based
Approach to  Pollution Control.   This research provides the  scientific base to
help  states  develop  water  quality  standards,  to  conduct  use-attainability
analyses and  to  provide  needed information to implement  a water quality based
pollution control program.

     Objective  2:   Develop  Scientific  Data Needed to  Support Environmentally
Sound  Ocean  Disposal.  Estuarine  and  Great  Lakes  Programs.    This  activity
provides the  research  needed by EPA for evaluating impacts of  ocean  disposal
practices, understanding the  Great Lakes ecosystems and  developing responsive
and scientifically valid estuarine and coastal waters programs.

     Objective  3:   Evaluation  of Innovative  and  Alternative  (I/A)  Technolo-
gies.  Sludge  Management  Alternatives  and  Toxicity  Reduction  Methods  and
Technology.      The  wastewater   research  program   provides   the   technical
information,  engineering,  and monitoring  necessary to  develop and  implement
regulations  and  guidance  for  sludge  disposal,   control municipal  treatment
plants  to  bring  them into  compliance with  state discharge  permits,  and to
support the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES).


SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT

1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a  total of $621,700 supported by 5.0 total workyears
for  this  program, of  which  $305,000  will be  for the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation   and   $316,700  will  be  for   the   Research   and   Development
appropriation.   This represents  an increase  of  $17,700  in the  Salaries  and
Expenses   appropriation,   no   change   in   the   Research   and   Development
appropriation,  and  an reduction of  0.1 in total  workyears.   The  increase in
Salaries and Expenses reflects  increased personnel  and support  costs.   The


                               3-14

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workyear  reduction  reflects  a  consolidation  of  resources  for  the  Regional
Scientist Program within the Interdisciplinary Media.

     Develop  Scientific Data  to  Support  a  Water Quality  Based Approach  to
Pollution Control.   This activity,  in support of Post-BAT  requirements,  will
continue  to  support the Agency  and the states in modifying,  and implementing
health criteria for  ambient water  quality.   This  activity also develops health
advisories in support of effluent regulations for toxics and provides technical
support to  the  regions  and states  on  risk  assessments  and the theories behind
them.

     Evaluation  of  Innovative  and  Alternative  (I/A')  Technologies.  Sludge
Management  Alternatives and Toxicity  Reduction Methods  and Technology.   The
CWA Amendments require  the Agency  to identify and regulate toxic pollutants in
sludge.    This  program will  provide  technical  support  in  developing  and
implementing  these  regulations  including the development of  criteria  for the
assessment  of  hazard  and  risk  from  exposure to  pathogens  in sludge,  and
surface impoundments methodology for disposed of municipal sludge.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the Agency  is  allocating a  total  of  $604,000  supported by 5.1
total workyears  for this program,  of  which $287,300 is  from  the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $316,700   is  from  the  Research and Development
appropriation.  The  research efforts as in  1990 supports  the Agency and states
on health criteria  for  water quality,  develops  health  advisories in support of
effluent  regulations,  provides  technical support  for  risk assessments to the
regions and  states,  develops criteria  for  assessment  of hazard  and risk from
pathogens in  sludge,  and develop methodology for  disposal  of municipal sludge
in surface impoundments.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the  Agency obligated a  total  of  $651,400 supported by 5.5 total
workyears  for  this  program,  of  which $315,400  was  from  the   Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation   and  $336,000  was   from the Research and Development
appropriation.    The program  revised  65   ambient  water  quality  documents.
Provided  technical  support to the regions   and states  on  criteria  documents.
Initiated pathogen  and  application methodology for use in  risk  assessment and
finalized  chemical  methodology   responding  to the  Science  Advisory Boards
(SAB's) comments.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $4,390,100  supported  by  54.4  total
workyears for this program, of which $3,383,700 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and  $1,006,400 will be  for  the  Research and Development
appropriation.   This represents  an  increase  of  $370,400 in the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation,   with  no  change  in  the  Research  and  Development
appropriation  and  an reduction  of  0.1 total  workyears.   The  increase  in
Salaries  and Expenses reflects  increased personnel  and  support  costs.    The


                               3-15

-------
workyear  reduction  reflects  a  consolidation of  resources  for the  Regional
Scientist Program within the Interdisciplinary Media.

     Develop  Scientific Data  to  Support  a  Water  Quality  Based Approach  to
Pollution  Control.   The  CWA  Amendments place  emphasis on  the  development  of
methods to measure and monitor water quality.  In support of this activity, the
program will develop and standardize methods and provide field tested protocols
to  assess  ambient  water  quality.   In addition,  the  program will  evaluate
biological  monitoring  techniques  and  a  generic  approach  for the  chemical
measurement of toxic organics and inorganics in ambient sources.

     Evaluation  of  Innovative  and  Alternative  (I/A)  Technologies.  Sludge
Management  Alternatives and Toxicitv  Reduction Methods  and Technology.   The
Discharge Monitoring  Report-Quality Assurance (DMRQA)  Support  Program will  be
maintained  to provide  quality,   self-monitoring  DMRQA  data submitted  to the
States  and EPA by  the 7,000 major dischargers  within  the  National Pollution
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES).

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency  is allocating  a total  of $4,019,700 supported by 54.5
total workyears for  this program,  of which $3,013,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $1,006,400  is  from the  Research'  and  Development
appropriation.

     This  research  program  is   evaluating  chemical  monitoring  methods  and
protocols  designed  to  measure  site-specific aspects of water  quality.   The
program  provides  cost-effective  monitoring  methods  for  the  measurement  of
chemical  and   biological   parameters   required  in   the   National   Pollution
Discharge  Elimination  System (NPDES) program and in the assessment  of water
quality and contaminants in sediments and sludges.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency  obligated a  total of  $3,408,300 supported  by  47.0
total  workyears for  its monitoring  and  quality  assurance  program  in water
quality, of which  $2,501,600  was from the  Salaries  and Expenses appropriation
and $906,700 was from the Research and Development appropriation.

     In  support of  the Clean Water  Act,   the Marine  Protection Research and
Sanctuaries  Act,   and  the  National  Pollution  Discharge  Elimination  System
(NPDES), standardized  analytical  methods were developed for the quantification
of  physical  phenomena  and chemical  characteristics   of  water,  wastewater,
biological  tissues,  sediments,  and sludges.  Interlaboratory  comparisons  were
performed to assess  the performance of  chemical  and  biological  methods for the
analysis  of  contaminants  regulated under  NPDES.     A  repository  of  toxic
standards and calibration samples was maintained.
                               3-16

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HEALTH EFFECTS

1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of $614,200  supported  by 9.1 total workyears
for  this  program,  of which  $614,200  will be for  the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation  and no dollars  for  the Research and  Development appropriation.
This  represents   an  increase  of  $20,500   in   the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation, with no change  in total workyears.  The  increase in Salaries and
Expenses reflects  increased personnel and support costs.

     Evaluation  of  Innovative  and  Alternative  (I/A)   Technologies.  Sludge
Management Alternatives and Toxicity Reduction Methods and Technology.  Health
effects  associated  with   exposure  to  chemicals  found   in sludge   or  sludge
products will be  evaluated.   The data  generated from this research support the
development  and  defense  of  sludge disposal  criteria.    Methods will  also  be
developed  to determine the  delivered dose  to target sites from  exposure  to
chemicals found in sludge.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the Agency  is  allocating a total  of  $593,700 supported by 9.1
total workyears  for this  program,   of  which  $593,700 is  from  the  Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  no  dollars  for  the  Research  and  Development
appropriation.

     The research  program  is  providing data on the health aspects of chemicals
found  in  sludges  used  for land application,  distribution and marketing and
other use  and  disposal  options.   To support  risk evaluation of various sludge
disposal options, this in-house program is conducting research in dose-response
toxicology  on major  chemicals  found in  sludge  products  and on  biological
indicators of dose to determine human exposure to chemicals found in sludge.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the  Agency  obligated a  total   of  $1,294,900 supported  by  25.8
total workyears  for this  program,  of which  $1,212,100  was from  the Salaries
and Expenses  appropriation and  $82,800 was from the Research  and Development
appropriation.

     Research  activities  were  directed  toward   developing   health  effect
bioassays to  support the  evaluation of  wastewater effluents and  sludges, and
the occurrence of pathogens  in  sludge.   A number of reports relating to  this
research were  produced.   Several  were:    a   health effects bioassay methods
manual for determining whether receiving  streams  meet water quality standards;
a report on the  occurrence of  synthetic  chemical constituents  in sludges and
sludge products in distribution and marketing  channels;  a report on survival of
ascaris eggs, a major pathogen contaminant in wastewater sludges,  when sludges
are deposited  on  soils;  and a  report on  the infectious  dose of viruses  in
environmental samples.
                                3-17

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ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $6,041,100  supported  by  37.3  total
workyears  for  this program, of which $2,558,600 will be for  the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and  $3,482,500 will be  for  the  Research and Development
appropriation.   This represents  an increase  of  $433,800 in the  Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation,   with  an  increase   of $129,900  in  the  Research  and
Development appropriation,  and an  reduction of 0.1  in total workyears.   The
increase  in Salaries  and  Expenses  reflects  increased  personnel and  support
costs.   The workyear reduction reflects  a  consolidation of  resources  for the
Regional Scientist Program within the Interdisciplinary Media.

     Evaluation  of  Innovative  and  Alternative  (I/A)  Technologies.   Sludge
Management  Alternatives   and   Toxicitv  Reduction  Methods   and  Technology.
Innovative  and alternative  technologies  will be evaluated  to determine  and
promote  more  cqst-effective treatment  processes.    Technical support  will  be
provided   to  the  Office   of  Water  on  sludge  regulation  development  and
implementation.    To  support  the   development  of  permit  limitations  for
municipal  and  industrial  wastewaters, toxicity  treatability  will  be assessed.
Toxicity reduction evaluation procedures and removal capabilities  will  also be
developed  for  the  various  treatment  processes.   Technical  support  will  be
provided  to municipalities  to upgrade  existing plant capabilities  to  achieve
compliance  with  minimal  costs.    Research and  technical  assistance  related  to
constructed wetlands will  be initiated  to evaluate  the  cost  effectiveness and
efficiency of this treatment as an option.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency  is  allocating a  total of  $5,477,400 supported by 37.4
total workyears for  this  program, of  which $2,124,800  is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $3,352,600  is  from the  Research and  Development
appropriation.

     Technology  evaluations are  being  conducted  on   selected  potential  I/A
candidates.   Technical  support and  engineering assistance are being provided
to  EPA  and municipalities  for the  development and  implementation  of sludge
technical  regulation, especially  in the  area  of sludge  incineration.   Support
and assistance  are being provided  to  the  state for the  development of sludge
and permitting  requirements rules.    Treatment mechanisms in  activated sludge
and other  aerobic  treatment processes in terms of toxics removal  and  control
are being  investigated.


1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency obligated  a  total  of $5,583,600  supported  by 35.9
total workyears  for this  program,  of which $2,315,200 was from  the Salaries
and   Expenses   appropriation  and  $3,268,400  was   from  the  Research  and
Development appropriation.
                               3-18

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   Several   of   the   engineering   accomplishments   were:      evaluation   on
partitioning  of  harmful  materials  in  sludge  between  sludge  and  seawater,
development  of  municipal  Toxicity  Reduction Evaluation  (TRE)  protocol  with
case  history,   standard  bench-scale  testing  protocol   for  assessing  the
treatability of  toxics  in wastewater,  and TRE case  history for  the Chesapeake
Bay program.


ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $12,661,800  supported by   152.2  total
workyears for  this program,  of  which  $9,132,000 will be  for  the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and $3,529,800 will be for  the Research and Development
appropriation.  This  represents  an  increase  of  $262,000,  in  the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation,   and  an increase  of  $855,000  in the  Research  and
Development  appropriation.  Total  workyears will  decrease by  0.2 FTE.   The
increase  in Salaries  and Expenses  reflects  increased personnel  and  support
costs.   The increase  in  the  Research  and Development  appropriation  reflects
additional  research  on  sediment quality  issues,  new research  on constructed
wetlands,  and new research equipment  to support  the  estuarine   and  coastal
waters research  programs.   The workyear reduction reflects  a  consolidation of
resources  for  the Regional   Scientist  Program within the  Interdisciplinary
Media.

   .  Develop  Scientific  Data  to Support  a  Water  Quality  Based - Approach  to
Pollution Control.   In  response to the new  Post-BAT requirements of  the  CWA
Amendments,  the  research program will develop  methods to  determine what uses
are  attainable  in aquatic  systems, and  to  work  on integrating pollutant-
specific  control  methods  with  whole  toxicity  testing  procedures  and  best
available  technology  limits  for   use  in permitting.    Research will  also
strengthen the  scientific  and  technical  data base and  methodologies  to assess
water  quality  functions   of  wetlands,  to  assess   individual and cumulative
impacts  of  wetland conversions, and evaluate means  of mitigating actions  on
wetlands.   Increased emphasis will be given to research  on  sediment  quality
issues.    The data from  these studies   will  assist  the  States  in developing
individual strategies for  controlling toxic pollutants found in sediments.

     Develop  Scientific  Data  Needed  to  Support  Environmentally   Sound  Ocean
Disposal. Estuarine and Great  Lakes  Programs.  This  activity will  develop risk
assessment procedures  to  permit the evaluation of  impacts  due to the  ocean
disposal of wastes in coastal waters.  The integration of these procedures will
allow the  determination  of the  relative  safety  of ocean  disposal  and  provide
for the  comparison of  alternative  disposal strategies.  Research  will  also be
conducted to support the Agency's strategy to reduce  pollution in near coastal
waters.    The research program will focus on recovery of coastal ecosystems,
development  of  biomarker  assessment  methods,  and  development of  wasteload
allocation models for estuarine and coastal waters.
                               3-19

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     Evaluation  of  Innovative  and  Alternative  (I/A)  Technologies.  Sludge
Management  Alternatives   and  Toxicity  Reduction  Methods   and  Technology.
Research will  continue  to maintain and update  the  existing gas chromatograph/
mass spectroscopy  tape  library and develop new  analytical  data bases of toxic
pollutants  found in  industrial  wastewater.  The data  bases  will provide  the
information  on wastewater  treatment  technology needed  to support  the  NPDES
program.    Research  on  ecological  fate  and  effects  issues   associated  with
wetlands constructed for wastewater treatment will be initiated to evaluate the
effects of this option.

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the Agency is  allocating  a total  of $11,544,800  supported by
152.4  total  workyears   for  this  program,  of  which  $8,870,000  is   from  the
Salaries and  Expenses appropriation  and  $2,674,800 is from the  Research  and
Development appropriation.

     Research  is  being  conducted  to  develop  methods  to  integrate  whole
effluent testing procedures  with  chemical specific  control technology.   The
methods to  assess  water  quality functions of wetlands,  the cumulative loss of
wetlands as well as  the  mitigation of impacts on wetlands are being developed.
Research on methods  to  better assess  the impacts  of ocean disposal activities
is  being  conducted.    These  procedures  will' be  used  in risk  assessments.
Estuarine and near coastal waters research is focused on questions of ecosystem
recovery,  eutrophication,  wasteload  allocation and  biomarkers  as  assessment
techniques in coastal waters.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the  Agency obligated  a total of  $11,518,500 supported by 161.1
total workyears  for this  program,  of which  $8,998,900 was from  the Salaries
and  Expenses   appropriation  and   $2,519,600   was  from  the  Research  and
Development appropriation.

     Major  accomplishments  included  the  development  of  aquatic life  water
quality  criteria documents  and water quality  advisories.   A report  on  the
identification  of  the  toxic  components  of  effluents  using  toxicity  tests,
completion  of  a risk  assessment of  the  ocean disposal  of dredged materials,
and  a.   report  on  assessment  and  application  of biomagnification  evaluation
techniques.


GREAT LAKES

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $1,977,600  supported  by  8.0  total
workyears  for  this program,  of which  $480,000 will be  for the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and $1,497,600  will be  for  the  Research and Development
appropriation.  This  represents  an  increase  of  $18,500  in  the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation,   with  no  change  in  the  Research  and  Development
appropriation  or  total   workyears.   The  increase   in  Salaries   and  Expenses
reflects increased personnel and support costs.
                               3-20

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     Develop  Scientific  Data  Needed  to  Support  Environmentally  Sound  Ocean
Disposal. Estuarine  and Great  Lakes Programs.  Research  will  develop and test
methods to determine  the  sources, movement   and effects of toxic substances in
the Great Lakes. Emphasis will be given to  research on in-place pollutants and
mass balance studies.   This  program will  also provide the Great Lakes National
Program  Office, Regions II,  III  and  V,   the  Great  Lakes  states,  and  the
International  Joint  Commission (under  the  US/Canada Water  Quality Agreement)
with technical support and research data.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the  Agency is allocating a total of $1,959,100  supported by 8.0
total workyears  for  this program,  of  which $461,500 is  from  the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $1,497,600 is  from the  Research  and  Development
appropriation.  The  program is  focusing  on  the  impact and  fate  of  toxic
materials  in  areas  of  concern  identified  by  the Great Lakes  Water  Quality
Board.  Emphasis is on in-place pollutants,  chemical mass balance research, and
evaluation of  the effectiveness  of confined  disposal  facilities  for  dredged
material.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency obligated a total  of  $1,901,500  supported by  7.2
total workyears  for  this program,  of which  $444,800  was  from  the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $1,456,700  was   from  the  Research  and  Development
appropriation.

     Among the accomplishments of  the  Great Lakes  Research program were:   a
report describing  the mass  balance  of toxicants of concern  in the  upper Great
Lakes connecting channels; and technical assistance provided to the Great Lakes
National Program Office, the Regions, and the International Joint Commission.
                               3-21

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Abatement and
   Control

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents
WATER QUALITY                                                           3-1

ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
   Water Quality and Grants Program Management 	  3-22
      Water Quality Management 	  3-24
      Great Lakes Program	3-26
      Chesapeake Bay Program 	  3-28
   Effluent Standards and Guidelines 	  3-31
   Grants Assistance Programs	3-34
      Clean Lakes Program	3-35
      Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106)	  3-36
   Water Quality Strategies Implementation 	  3-40
      Wetlands Protection	3-42
      Ocean Disposal Permits .  .  -.	3-45
      Environmental Emergency Response and Prevention	3-47
      Standards and Regulations	3-48
   Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis 	  3-51
      Coastal Environment Management	•	3-53
      Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis	3-55
   Municipal Source Control	3-58
      Municipal Waste Treatment Facility Construction	3-60
      Waste Treatment Operations and Maintenance 	  3-62

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                                                   WATER QUALITY
                                    Water Quality And Grants Program Management

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Water Quality
Management
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
Great Lakes Program
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
        $4,191.8   $4,932.0   $4,915.9   $5,298.4
          $777.4   $1,171.0   $1,187.0   $1,187.0
                       TOTAL   $4,969.2   $6,103.0   $6,102.9   $6,485.4
        $1,410.5   $2,382.9   $2,382.9   $2,407.2
        $9,472.4  $11,097.3  $11,023.7   $9,023.7
Chesapeake Bay Program
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
        $1,451.3   $1,216.2   $1,216.2   $1,264.8
       $10,244.1  $11,000.0  $10,948.8  $10,698.8
                       TOTAL  $11,695.4  $12,216.2  $12,165.0  $11,963.6
   $382.5
                                                       $382.5
    $24.3
-$2,000.0
                       TOTAL  $10,882.9  $13,480.2  $13,406.6  $11,430.9   -$1,975.7
    $48.6
  -$250.0

  -$201.4
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance

Water Quality And
Grants Program
Management
        $7,053.6   $8,531.1   $8,515.0   $8,970.4      $455.4
       $20,493.9  $23,268.3  $23,159.5  $20,909.5   -$2,250.0
TOTAL  $27,547.5  $31,799.4  $31,674.5  $29,879.9   -$1,794.6
                                       3-22

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               WATER QUALITY
Water Quality And Grants Program Management


PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Water Quality
Management
Great Lakes Program
Chesapeake Bay Program
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Water Quality
Management
Great Lakes Program
Chesapeake Bay Program
TOTAL WORKYEARS
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

82.8 99.5 99.1 105.7 6.6
21.2 33.0 32.4 35.4 3.0
15.5 9.5 9.5 10.0 5
119.5 142.0 141.0 151.1 10.1

88.1 103.2 102.7 105.7 3.0
24.8 36.0 35.4 35.4
17.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
129.9 149.2 148.1 151.1 3.0
   3-23

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                                     WATER


                                 WATER QUALITY


                  Water Quality and Grants Program Management
Budget Request
     The  Agency requests  a  total of  $29,879,900  supported by  151.1  total
workyears  for  1990,  a  decrease of  $1,794,600 and  an increase  of 3.0  total
workyears  from  1989.   Of the request, $8,970,400 will be  for the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and  $20,909,500 will  be for the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance  appropriation.    This  represents  an  increase  of  $455,400 in  the
Salaries  and  Expenses   appropriation  and  a  decrease of $2,250,000  in  the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.


WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests   a  total  of  $6,485,400   supported by  105.7  total
workyears  for  this  program, of  which  $5,298,400  will be  for  the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and  $1,187,000 will be  for  the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance  appropriation.   This represents  an increase  of  $382,500  for  the
Salaries and  Expenses appropriation,  no change in  the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 3.0 total workyears.   The increase
will be used to  initiate a  National  outreach  program to  educate the public and
local  governments  on nonpoint source  (NFS)  controls   and  to  enhance  the
dissemination of  innovative/successful approaches to implementing  targeted NFS
management programs.

     In 1990,  EPA will  have  approved  most states'  Section 319 NFS assessment
reports and management  programs and the  states  will be  working  with EPA to
implement  and  refine these programs.   EPA  will  initiate a  National  outreach
program  to  educate  the public/local  governments   on NFS   control  and  will
continue    to   implement  a   comprehensive   program  encouraging   targeted
implementation   to   protect   critical  aquatic   habitats.     Supported   by
Headquarters policies, guidance and technical  support, Regions will  work with
states  to  address  categories  of  nonpoint sources  inadequately  addressed by
management  programs.   A  final report to Congress will be  prepared summarizing
the states' progress  in  implementing Section 319,  including recommendations for
needed  programmatic changes.    Regions will continue  negotiating  and managing
work programs  for  Section  205(j)(5) grants  to 57  states and territories to
complete development  and/or initiate implementation of NFS management programs.
Headquarters will conduct limited program audits to assure national consistency
in the award and management of Section 205(j)(5) grants.

     Headquarters  will  continue  to  allocate  Section 106  funds   to  Regions,
states, and Indian tribes;  provide  guidance  on basic program issues;  conduct
mid-year  evaluations of Regional  programs;  and evaluate the performance of
selected  Indian tribes and regional  organizations.   Regions  will continue to
negotiate  and provide Sections 106  and  205(j)(l)   grant  funds to  203 state/
interstate/regional  organizations   and  Indian  tribe  water   quality  agencies,
                                 3-24

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ensuring  that  these funds  are  utilized effectively  and targeted  to  critical
water  quality  needs.   To  accomplish  this,  Regions will  issue guidance  and
funding  targets  for  specific  priority  activities,   provide  technical  and
management assistance, track and evaluate  grantee performance,  and  assure that
state level-of-effort (LOE)  requirements are met.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is  allocating a total of $6,102,900 supported by 102.7
total workyears for  this program, of which $4,915,900  is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and $1,187,000  is  from the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     The  review,  revision,  and  approval  of state  NFS  assessment  reports  and
management programs  continues,  leading to approval of  approximately  52 state
management  programs.    An  annual  report   to  Congress   is  being  prepared
summarizing the states' progress in implementing Section 319.   Approximately 10
workshops  and  10  consultations  are  being  provided  to  states   on  proven
technologies  for  the  design  and  implementation   of  watershed-level  control
systems.   Regions  are  negotiating and managing work  programs for  205(j)(5)
grants  to  57  states  and  territories  to  complete  development   and  begin
implementing NFS management programs,  and program audits are being conducted by
Headquarters to assure national consistency.

     Headquarters is allocating Section 106 funds to Regions,  states and Indian
tribes,  providing  guidance  on  basic  program  issues,  conducting  mid-year
evaluations  of  Regional programs  and  evaluating the  performance  of  selected
Indian  tribes.    Regions  continue  to  negotiate and  provide  Sections  106  and
205(j)(l)  grant  funds  to   203  state,   interstate,  regional  organizations  and
Indian tribe water quality agencies.             _          .

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency  obligated a  total of $4,969,200 supported  by 88^1
total workyears for this program, of which $4,191,800 was from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $777,400   was  from  the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     Headquarters   directed   the  development   and  approval   of   state  NFS
assessment reports  and management  programs  and provided  technical  support to
the Regions and states.  Policies and guidance were  issued, including technical
guidance  describing  current best management practices and encouraging the use
of  technological  and managerial  innovations developed  through  the Chesapeake
Bay,  Great  Lakes,   and  the  Department  of Agriculture's Rural  Clean Water
Programs.    Regions  provided  review and  approval  of  state submissions  and
assisted  selected  states   to   correct  deficiencies;  negotiated  and  awarded
205(j)(5)  grants;   and  provided  support   to  ensure   Federal,   state  and
intra-agency  consistency  on  NFS management.   Headquarters  and Regions also
encouraged and  assisted  states to  target  their resources  and  those available
from other Federal agencies to high priority water  quality needs.

     In  1988,   Headquarters  conducted  basic grants  management functions  for
Section 106  and 205(j) grants.   The Water  Quality Management grant regulations
were  revised and  policy  and  guidance  were  issued to  assist  the  Regions  to
provide grants to approximately 30 Indian tribes and 50 regional organizations.
Headquarters completed a State Funding Study, identifying the funding needs for
state  management  of water  programs,  and  provided  information  on  alternative


                                3-25

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financing  mechanisms   to   advance  states'  efforts  toward   development   of
innovative financing techniques to address state funding  needs.

     Regional staff  worked to negotiate  and manage performance-based  Section
106,  205(j)(l),   and   non-construction  205(g)  grants   to   state/interstate
agencies.  In 1988, Regions began to provide grants  directly to eligible Indian
tribes  and  ensured  that  the pass-through  requirements  applicable  to  local
agencies  for Section 205(j)(l)  funding were met.   Regions also ensured  that
state financial accounting systems met generally accepted accounting principles
and that state expenditures matched approved work programs.


GREAT LAKES PROGRAM

1990 Program Request
                                                     .0
     The  Agency  requests   a  total  of  $11,430,900 supported  by  35.4  total
workyears  for  this program, of  which  $2,407,200 will  be  for the Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation  and $9,023,700 will be  for  the Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance  appropriation.   This   represents  an  increase  of  $24,300  in  the
Salaries   and   Expenses  appropriation,  a  decrease  of   $2,000,000   in   the
Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  appropriation,  and   no  change  in  total
workyears.   The increase in Salaries  and  Expenses reflects increased personnel
and support  costs.   The decrease in Abatement,  Control and Compliance reflects
a reduced level of  expenditures  following  the  completion of the purchase  and
refitting  of the  replacement  research vessel and the  nearing  of  completion of
Remedial Action Plans (RAPs)  for 30 U.S.  Areas  of Concern (AOCs)  identified by
the International Joint Commission  (IJC).

     Under the  Clean Water Act  (CWA) ,  as amended,  and  the Great  Lakes  Water
Quality Agreement  (GLWQA), the Great Lakes National  Program Office (GLNPO)  will
continue   to  provide   technical  and  management  leadership  to   address   the
emerging  problems  of persistent toxics in  tributaries and near  shore  waters.
This includes continuing support to state and  local agencies  to  develop RAPs.
By  the  end  of  1990,  29 of the  30 plans are scheduled  to be completed.   The
development  of  complementary Lakewide Management  Plans  will  continue  with
initial plans developed for Lake Michigan and Lake Ontario.

     The  program  office will continue  with  the Assessment and Remediation of
Contaminated   Sediments   projects   (formerly  the   In-Place   Pollutant
Demonstrations)  at  sites  selected  in  1989.    These  projects  support  RAP
implementation by determining feasible technology for abatement of contaminated
sediment problems, which have been identified in most  of the AOCs.   Outfitting
of  the Agency's replacement research  vessel  with laboratory modules for toxics
monitoring needs  will be completed.  The configuration  of the  modules  will be
based in part on the findings of the Green Bay Mass  Balance Modeling Study.

     Technical  support  for and  tracking of  various  state-level nonpoint source
control programs  designed  to  implement  the  U.S.  phosphorus reduction plan will
continue.    The  program office  will continue  to  convene .and participate  in
bilateral  U.S./Canadian committees and  task forces.   The  program will  provide
technical  support  to   EPA Headquarters  and to the  Department  of  State  on
official  Canadian requests concerning  the United States'  Great Lakes policies
and  programs.    GLNPO   will  support Regions II,  III,  and V on  water  quality
standards  and on technical matters  in the development and review of permits and
permit compliance  impacting the  Great Lakes.
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     Great  Lakes  monitoring  and  source  assessment  activities  will  continue
through  annual programs  for  conventional  and  toxic pollutants;  collection,
analyses,  and  reporting   on  both  open   lake  migratory  and   near   shore
non-migratory  fish;   and  for  collection  of  precipitation  samples  for  the
analyses  of metals,  nutrients,  and  organic  toxics  through  the  Great  Lakes
Atmospheric Deposition  (GLAD) network.    Surveillance activities  will  include
continued biological  sampling and the addition  of air monitoring  stations  in
the GLAD network.   These analyses will be used to determine metals and nutrient
loadings to the Great Lakes as a basis for the design and operation of regional
pollution abatement programs.   The Green Bay Mass  Balance  Study is developing
predictive models for identification,  transport,  and fate of toxic substances.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the Agency is allocating a total of $13,406,600 supported by 35.4
total workyears for this program,  of  which $2,382,900 is  from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $11,023,700  is  from  the Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     GLNPO is completing the preliminary field work and biological and chemical
studies required to select sites and begin the first projects in the Assessment
and Remediation of  Contaminated Sediments Program.   In  addition,  pilot  scale
demonstrations  of  promising  remedial   technologies  are   being  conducted.
Specifications are being developed and a contract  is  being bid and let for the
overhaul  and   outfitting  of  the  replacement  vessel  to   support  Great  Lakes
research activities.   GLNPO  is  continuing to  provide direction  and technical
assistance to states in the development,  review,  and implementation of RAPs for
26 of the 30 U.S.  AOCs.

     The program  office  is beginning to  carry out the recommendations of the
1988  Nonpoint Source  Reduction Plan  Implementation Report  called  for  under
Annex  3  of the  GLWQA.   GLNPO is tracking  nonpoint  source  pollution  control
practices and providing technical assistance  and monitoring for the Great  Lakes
States'  phosphorus  reduction  efforts,  including elements  of the  1986 United
States  Plan  for  Phosphorus  Load Reduction  to Lake Erie,  Lake  Ontario  and
Saginaw Bay.  Tributary monitoring for toxic  pollutants is underway.

     The  expansion of  the  GLAD  network has  increased  its  analytical  and
research capabilities.  GLNPO is also completing data acquisition for the  Green
Bay Mass  Balance  Study  and  beginning the analysis and  interpretation of the
data.

     GLNPO  is  completing  the  negotiation   of  agreements  with  appropriate
agencies, as  specified  in  the  CWA.   Specific  cooperative  studies  are  being
conducted with the National Oceanic and  Atmospheric Administration to develop a
research inventory.   GLNPO  will publish the  results  of  the  bi-national multi-
agency Upper  Great Lakes  Connecting  Channel  study  for  use  in  developing the
international RAPs for the St. Marys,  St.  Clair,  and Detroit Rivers.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency  obligated  a total  of  $10,882,900  supported by 24.8
total workyears for this program, of which $1,410,500 was from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $9,472,400   was  from  the Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.
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     The program office continued preliminary work to meet CWA requirements for
selecting  and  initiating  the  Assessment  and  Remediation  of  Contaminated
Sediments projects.  The office also continued to conduct monitoring activities
and laboratory analysis with  emphasis  on in-place toxics  and  establishment of
the enhanced GLAD network to identify and quantify airborne toxics.   Additional
activities included continuation of both the Green Bay Mass Balance Study and a
major effort  to  assist state  and local agencies  in review and  completion of
RAPs for 11 of 30  U.S.  Areas  of Concern.   GLNPO also worked with all concerned
parties to begin implementing the 1987  revisions to the GLWQA.

     GLNPO  continued  its  sampling  network  and  laboratory  activities.    The
various water  chemistry,  biota,  sediment,  and air  analyses called  for  under
GLWQA were   carried  out.   The  program office  functioned as the  catalyst to
develop uniform multi-state fish consumption advisories.
CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $11,963,600  supported  by  10.0  total
workyears for  this program,  of which  $1,264,800 will be for the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation  and $10,698,800 will be for the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance appropriation.  This  represents an increase of  $48,600  in Salaries
and Expenses, a decrease of $250,000  in Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance, and
no- change  in total workyears. The  increase in  Salaries  and  Expenses reflects
increased personnel and support costs.   The decrease  in Abatement,  Control and
Compliance reflects  a reduced level  of expenditures following  development of
the  Basinwide  Toxics  Reduction  Strategy  and completion of related start-up
activities.

     The Agency will  continue  to meet  its  expanded responsibilities  under the
Chesapeake  Bay  Agreement  (CBA)  of  1987  among  the  three  Bay  States  of
Pennsylvania, Maryland,  and  Virginia,   the  District of Columbia, and  EPA.    A
redirection  of program activities  will  continue  in  order  to  meet  the  CBA
signatories' commitment  to reducing  the level of  nutrients  in the  Bay  by 40
percent by the year 2000 as well  as to meet the Clean Water Act  requirements to
assess and control  toxics  through  the  program's  ongoing monitoring activities.
Under the expanded CWA responsibilities and CBA commitments, the Chesapeake Bay
Liaison  Office  (CBLO)  will   continue  to  provide  technical  and  management
leadership in  nutrient control and begin  to address the emerging  problems of
persistent toxics  in  the  Bay  basin.   The  CBLO  will continue   its  efforts to
control nonpoint  toxic sources by providing matching grants  to  the Bay states
to  implement such  controls  and  improve  the rate  of progress  to .achieve the
established  levels of pollutant  load reductions.   Emphasis  will  continue on
implementing the toxics strategy developed in  1989.  The program will continue
to give priority  to nonpoint source pollution controls  and the development of
the time-varying Bay water quality model,  as well as  to the monitoring efforts
needed to calibrate the model.

     Building on  the  knowledge gained over the  past several years concerning
the  effectiveness  of  best management practices  (BMPs)  to  reduce  erosion and
sedimentation  and manage  animal  waste,  the states'  and  EPA will  continue to
increase the number of acres treated,  thus providing a greater reduction in the
flow  of  nutrients  to  the   Bay.     By combining  living  resources,  habitat
requirements,  and the  geographic  locations of  prime habitat  with monitoring
data, and  by modeling  the effects  of current and  proposed point and nonpoint


                                 3-28

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source  control  actions,   the  CBLO  will  provide  CBA  participants  with  the
information necessary  to  target their efforts and  improve  cost effectiveness.
The information  from  the  1989 inspection of BMP  installations  will  be used to
further improve  nonpoint  source control  targeting  and  to modify  the  nonpoint
source  control  programs  as  necessary.    Efforts  to improve compliance  of  Bay
dischargers under  the  National Pollutant Discharge  Elimination System (NPDES)
will continue through implementation of the Bay Compliance Initiative.

     The  Agency  will  continue  to provide  technical and administrative  staff
support  to both the  Chesapeake Bay  Implementation Committee and  Executive
Council.   Coordination  functions will  continue to  be carried  out  with  the
states, other  Federal agencies,  and other Bay  management  agencies to  ensure
that continued progress  is made in restoring Bay water quality.   The  Agency's
support for monitoring the mainstem of  the Bay will continue  in  concert with
the states' focus on monitoring  the  major tributaries.   Continued support will
be provided for maintaining and improving the Chesapeake Bay data system, which
is reported on annually.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the Agency is allocating a total of $12,165,000 supported by 10.0
total workyears  for this program, of which  $1,216,200 is  from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $10,948,800  is from  the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     The  Agency  is continuing  to work  with  the Bay States to  implement  the
elements  of  the  1987 CBA.    This  includes  development  of  criteria for  the
protection of water  quality  and habitat  conditions,  a  plan  to reduce  and
control toxic materials entering the Bay from point and  nonpoint sources, and a
plan to achieve  point  and  nonpoint  source reduction from  Federal installations
that parallels the states'  load reduction.

     Matching  grants  to  the Bay  states  for  the  implementation of  nonpoint
source controls are continuing to help states achieve the  established levels of
pollutant  load  reductions.    Assistance  is  provided  primarily  to  identify
critical  farm  units  within  sub-basins,  develop  plans  and  schedules  for
implementing BMPs, define  outreach  programs to  encourage  farmer participation,
and  develop   long-term comprehensive  implementation programs.   The  primary
objective is  to demonstrate the effectiveness of BMPs in critical areas so that
more farmers  will adopt the practices.   Water quality monitoring of pilot areas
is being used in conjunction with water  quality  models  to continue to evaluate
the results of nonpoint source  control  implementation and develop quantitative
relationships between pollution controls  and improvement of water  quality.   As
part of the time variant model  development  process,  the steady state Bay model
and its sister  watershed  model  are  being updated  and calibrated.   Work is
expanding in the areas of toxics control and coordination of pollution controls
to improve the management  of living resources in the Bay.   This work includes
initial investigations into  nonpoint  sources  of toxics, such  as  sediments and
the surface microlayer.

     Efforts  toward improving compliance under the NPDES are beginning with the
Bay Compliance  Initiative,  which  increases the  collection and  evaluation of
discharge  monitoring   reports  and  other compliance  information  on  a  timely
basis.

     The research and programmatic activities relating to  the Bay and its basin
of  the  National Oceanic  and Atmospheric Administration,  the  U.S.  Geological


                                3-29

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Survey, the  Corps of  Engineers,  the U.S.  Department  of Agriculture, and  the
Fish  and  Wildlife Service  of the Department  of the  Interior  continue to  be
coordinated through the CBLO.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the Agency obligated  a total of $11,695,400 supported by  17.0
total workyears for this program,  of which $1,451,300 was from the Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation and  $10,244,100  was  from the  Abatement, Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     During  1988,  the Agency  continued  to award grants  to the  Bay  States  to
implement the recommendations  of  the  Chesapeake  Bay  Restoration and Protection
Plan  of  1985.   These 50 percent cost sharing  grants continued  to  emphasize
nonpoint source control efforts and were  targeted on projects which support  the
long-term need for reducing loadings of toxics  and nutrients.  Grant assistance
was also provided to  implement controls  on new  urban  and suburban development
and on methods to  retrofit nonpoint  source controls  in developed areas.   About
150,000 acres have been treated with BMPs,  and 1,170,000 tons of soil have been
saved from erosion.   Nearly  4,630,000 pounds of phosphorus have been prevented
from entering the Bay.

     The effort to produce a steady state model of water quality in the Bay has
been  completed  and  the  three-year  effort  to  produce  a  second  generation,
time-varying model of Bay water quality  has completed  its second year.   These
models were  designed  as  the  bridge  between  water  quality,   living  resource
criteria and objectives,  and point and nonpoint source load controls programs.
The steady state  model provided the  analytical  tools  which were used to begin
developing abatement and control programs.
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                                                   WATER QUALITY
                                          Effluent Standards  & Guidelines

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Effluent Standards &
Guidelines
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
$3,094.4   $3,691.2   $3,659.7   $3,669.7
$3,299.8   $6,212.4   $6,137.5   $6,137.5
                       TOTAL   $6,394.2   $9,903.6   $9,797.2   $9,807.2
                                                        $10.0


                                                        $10.0
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance

Effluent Standards &
Guidelines
        $3,094.4   $3,691.2   $3,659.7   $3,669.7
        $3,299.8   $6,212.4   $6,137.5   $6,137.5
TOTAL   $6,394.2   $9,903.6   $9,797.2   $9,807.2
                                                $10.0
                                                $10.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Effluent Standards &
Guidelines

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
            46.1
            46.1
               50.2
               50.2
49.7
49.7
45.7
45.7
-4.0
-4.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Effluent Standards &
Guidelines

TOTAL WORKYEARS
            48.2
            48.2
               50.2
               50.2
49.7
49.7
45.7
45.7
-4.0
-4.0
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                                     WATER


                                 WATER QUALITY


                       Effluent Standards and Guidelines
Budget Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $9,807,200  supported  by  45.7  total
workyears  for  1990,  an  increase  of  $10,000 and  a  decrease  of  4.0  total
workyears from  1989.   Of the request, $3,669,700 will  be  for  the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation  and  $6,137,500 will be  for  the Abatement, Control and
Compliance  appropriation.    This  represents   an  increase  of   $10,000  in  the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and no change in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.


EFFLUENT STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests   a total  of $9,807,200    supported by 45.7  total
workyears for  this  program, of  which  $3,669,700 will be  for  the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation  and  $6,137,500 will be  for  the Abatement, Control and
Compliance  appropriation.    This  represents   an  increase  of   $10,000  in  the
Salaries and  Expenses appropriation, no change  in  the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and a  decrease of 4.0  total  workyears.   The increase
for Salaries and  Expenses reflects increased personnel  and support costs.   The
decrease  in workyears  is  due  to  a  transfer  to other water   quality  program
priorities.

     In  1990,  the effluent  standards  and  guidelines  program will continue to
address  toxic  dischargers   through  development  of  effluent limitations;  and
guidance  or decision documents for the  non-regulated Domestic  Sewage  Study
(DSS)  industries,  including  the  transportation,  hazardous  waste  treaters,
timber, waste oil recovery,  machinery manufacturing and rebuilding, and textile
industries.    A  major  emphasis  in  rulemaking activities will  be to  propose
limitations  for the  pulp  and  paper and  pharmaceutical  industries   and  final
regulations for  the offshore oil  and  gas  industry,  and continue to  develop a
proposed  regulation  for  the pesticides  manufacturing and  formulator/package
industry segments.

     Analytical  methods  development  and  validation   will  continue  for  the
analysis of pesticides, chemicals reported  under Title  III of  the  Superfund
Amendments and  Reauthorization  Act,  and  toxic  and hazardous  pollutants subject
to the Resource Conservation and Recovery  Act.   The  Sample Control Center will
continue  to provide  a wide diversity  of analytical  capability services  to
support  effluent  guidelines development and other intra-agency programs,  such
as  the  Chesapeake  Bay  microlayer  sampling;  National  Sewage Sludge  Survey,
biomonitoring  and bioaccumulation methods and  sampling  analyses,  stormwater
survey and toxicity reduction evaluation studies for permitting and enforcement
activities.   The  program will  also publish the "List  of Lists," which presents
an  integrated  and  continually  up-to-date list  of  Agency-wide  pollutants  of
concern and identifies those for which analytical methods are available.
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1989 Program

     In 1989 the Agency  is allocating a total of $9,797,200  supported by 49.7
total workyears for this program, of which  $3,659,700  is  from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $6,137,500  is  from the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     In 1989, the Effluent Guidelines program is  developing regulations for the
pesticide manufacturers  and  formulator/packagers industry, the pulp  and paper
industry and the  offshore and coastal  oil  and gas  industry.   Headquarters is
continuing to  study and  expects  to initiate the development  of regulations on
the machinery  manufacturing  and  rebuilding industry, hazardous  waste treaters
industry and  the pharmaceutical  industry.   Data gathering and  analysis  have
been initiated on one previously  regulated industry  (onshore oil and gas).   The
final  304(m)  plan,   providing   a listing  of  previously  regulated  and  new
industries for which effluent guidelines need  to be  revised or developed,  will
be published in the Federal Register in 1989.

     Headquarters   is   also   providing  post-promulgation  negotiation   and
litigation support for placer mining,  the nonferrous forming and manufacturing
phase  II  regulatory  amendments,  and continuing  support  for  the  organics
effluent limitations  published in 1987.  Eight  comprehensive  technical policy
workshops  are  being  conducted covering  the  progress   of  the  pesticides
regulations,  the effluent  limitation associated  with the  organics regulations,
findings of  analytical  studies  and  the DSS  industries,   and  the oil  and gas
regulatory efforts.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency  obligated 'a  total of $6,394,200 supported  by  48,2
total workyears for this program, of which $3,094,400 was  from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $3,299,800 was from  the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     In 1988,  the  review of the pulp  and  paper  industry  continued.   Nine DSS
industry  decision   documents   were  prepared  (transportation,   machinery
manufacturing and rebuilding,  paint,  industrial laundries,  hospitals,  hazardous
waste  treaters,  solvent recyclers,  barrel reclaimers  and  pharmaceuticals).
Work on  the  three  remaining DSS  industries continued.   Final regulations were
issued for placer  mining and organic chemicals,  plastics  and synthetic fibers
industries; a  notice  of  availability of data and a  reproposal of the offshore
oil and gas industry  (muds and cutting) were developed.   The program restudied
the pesticides industry  by addressing  over  420 previously  regulated pollutants
of concern to the Drinking Water  program in the pesticide  manufacturing portion
of the pesticides industry.

     The Agency  published a proposed  plan in  the  Federal Register  to review
previously promulgated regulations and  new  industries under Section 304(m) and
published a report on dioxins in  the pulp  and paper  industry and a treatability
study for the pulp and paper industry.
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                                                   WATER QUALITY
                                            Grants Assistance Programs

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Clean Lakes Program
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
                  $12,500.0  $12,500.0   $2,000.0  -$10,500.0

TOTAL             $12,500.0  $12,500.0   $2,000.0  -$10,500.0
Control Agency Resource
Supplementation
(Section 106)
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
       $60,915.4  $67,100.0  $67,100.0  $83,200.0   $16,100.0

TOTAL  $60,915.4  $67,100.0  $67,100.0  $83,200.0   $16,100.0
TOTAL:
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance

Grants Assistance
Programs
       $60,915.4  $79,600.0  $79,600.0  $85,200.0    $5,600.0


TOTAL  $60,915.4  $79,600.0  $79,600.0  $85,200.0    $5,600.0
                                       3-34

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                                     WATER


                                 WATER QUALITY


                          Grants Assistance Programs
Budget Request
     The  Agency requests  a  total  of  $85,200,000 for  1990,  an  increase  of
$5,600,000 from  1989.   All of  the  request  will be for the Abatement,  Control
and Compliance appropriation.   This  represents an increase of  $5,600,000 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
CLEAN LAKES PROGRAM

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total of $2,000,000 for this program,  all  of which
will  be  for  the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  appropriation.    This
represents a  decrease  of  $10,500,000.   This reduction  is  due  to  a redirection
of  these  funds  to  other programs  that more  broadly  address  high  priority
national water quality problems.

     The  1990  funds  will  support  state-EPA  cooperative  agreements  under
Section  314  of  the Clean Water Act.  These agreements  will be used to support
the highest  priority Phase I  diagnostic  feasibility  studies,  and/or  Phase  II
implementation  activities   to  restore  and   protect  lake  water  quality.
Approximately  10   projects  will  be selected  based on an evaluation of  the
environmental and public benefits of state Clean Lakes  project proposals.

1989 Program

     In  1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $12,500,000  for this  program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance  appropriation.   This
includes  $7,500,000 for  the  nationally  competitive  Clean  Lakes  Program  and
$5,000,000 for the Demonstration Program under Section 314(d).

     Under  the  nationally  competitive  Clean  Lakes   Program  the  Agency  is
providing  financial  assistance to  conduct 41 state and approximately  4 Tribal
lake water quality  assessments to  evaluate  the  status  and  trends in lake water
quality,  establish  a  basis of  needs  for  state/Tribal programs  and Federal
assistance,  and  provide  the  Agency with  data  to determine  future  program
direction. Approximately 20 diagnostic/feasibility studies  and lake restoration
and  protection implementation projects  will  be  conducted  to   determine  the
causes and sources  of  pollution  to lakes  and  implement measures  to restore and
protect  lake water quality.   Approximately  two post-restoration monitoring
studies  will be initiated  to advance  the  science  of lake restoration,  validate
methodologies,   and   determine    the  longevity   and  effectiveness   of
restoration/protection measures.

     Under the Demonstration Program, the Agency  will  conduct approximately 10
projects  meeting  the  legislative objectives  of  Section 314(d).   Priority
funding  consideration  will be given  to the lakes named in Section 314 of the


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Act, and assistance will be provided consistent with the Clean Lakes Regulation
(40 CFR, Part 35 subpart H).

1988 Accomplishments

     The Agency did not obligate any funds for the Clean Lakes Program in 1988.


CONTROL AGENCY RESOURCE SUPPLEMENTATION (SECTION 106)

1990 Program Request

     In 1990  the  Agency requests a total of  $83,200,000  for  this  program,  all
of which will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.  This
represents  an  increase  of   $16,100,000  for  major  initiatives  in  nonpoint
sources; ground water,  including pesticides and wellhead protection;  wetlands;
and  to  support  water  quality  activities of  Indian tribes.   The  additional
increment  of Section  106 grant funds will  be  distributed  to  states/Indian
tribes to initiate and carryout specific activities in each of these areas.

     EPA's  nonpoint   source   (NPS)   agenda   recognizes   that  preventing  and
controlling  nonpoint   source  pollution is  an  important  component of  overall
water  nonpoint  source, pollution control;  that  control  of nonpoint  source
pollution  primarily  involves  state  and local responsibilities, especially  as
related to  land  use  and development and public/private partnerships;  and that
effective control of nonpoint source pollution must  be  carried out in a multi-
year, targeted  framework.   The  cornerstone  of  the  national nonpoint  source
program is the state management program required by the Clean  Water Act.

     States   will   use  $7,000,000  to  implement   approved  . nonpoint  source
management programs and will  initiate  and build  upon comprehensive NPS control
and protection approaches which include a targeting of their resources, as well
as  resources  available from  other sources,  to high  priority  NPS needs.   Funds
will  be  provided for selected,  targeted watershed management  projects  to
protect/improve critical  aquatic habitats.   Funds will also  support  statewide
NPS  programs,   including regulatory   programs   that  address   categories   of
nonpoint pollution  most effectively dealt with  on  a statewide basis  (such  as
forestry practices, construction erosion  and  stormwater  runoff associated with
new  development).    States   will  continue  enhancing  their  capabilities  to
identify  impaired  waters, assess water quality  trends  and determine  the most
effective targeted, risk-based options for addressing water quality problems.

     Ground-water protection  activities will  receive a  total  of  $11,200,000.
High priority will be  assigned to the  management  of pesticides  to include  the
development of the hydrologic aspects of pesticide management  plans required by
EPA's  Agricultural Chemicals  in Ground-water  Strategy.    These plans  will
incorporate prevention measures focused on area-specific differences in ground-
water use, value and vulnerability and will include pilot management projects.

     Wellhead protection  activities will expand  as  states begin to utilize  the
Wellhead  Protection program  as  the  core  element in  prioritizing  and focusing
Federally  supported ground-water  protection  activities  (such as underground
injection  control,  nonpoint  sources,  hazardous waste management, underground
storage  tanks,   and  pesticides).   Wellhead  protection  activities  will  be
developed,   implemented   and   tailored  to  hydrogeologic  and  environmental
conditions.   Ground-water protection strategies will be expanded to include the
full range  of institutional,  legal,  regulatory,  data management and monitoring
                                3-36

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activities necessary to protect groundwater from actual or potential sources of
contamination, particularly those that are not Federally regulated.

     States will  use  $1,500,000 for wetlands protection  activities  which will
expand beyond the traditional  responsibility for the  Section 404  dredge  and
fill permitting  program.   In  response  to the National Wetlands  Policy Forum,
states will begin to implement  the  action plan developed in  1989  and develop
comprehensive  programs  using  a  variety  of  regulatory  and  non-regulatory
approaches  and tools.   States  will  delineate  wetlands,  establish  approvable
legal and regulatory authorities and train and maintain adequate personnel.

     In 1990,  three  states will be  administering the dredge  and fill program
and  additional states will  be  developing approvable programs.   Section  106
funds  will also  be  used to  expand  the Section 401 certification  program.
Wetlands  initiatives  will include  public outreach  efforts,  additions  to  the
wetlands  science  technical   information  base  and  interagency  coordination.
State wetlands  activities will complement nonpoint source, estuarine  and near
coastal waters, clean lakes and other surface water protection activities.

     Section  106  grants  will  continue  to  provide  funding  assistance  for
operation  of  water pollution  control programs  for 63  state, interstate  and
territorial agencies and  approximately 30  Indian  tribes.   In  1990,  states will
continue to review water quality standards and adopt  numeric  and/or narrative
water quality  standards  for toxic pollutants  and  toxicity.  EPA and the states
will work  to  determine  "new"  or additional  waters to be  listed  under Section
304(1) and emphasize completion of  assessments for rivers,  lakes,  estuaries,
wetland and marine waters.   Monitoring  and  assessment  data  will  be  used to
identify priority  control needs and new  toxic/hazardous  chemicals,  to develop
wasteload  allocations  for permits   and  to  increase  sediment  contamination
information.

     States  will  modify,  issue  or  reissue   permits,   incorporating  toxic
pollutants and/or water quality-based criteria or technology-based limitations.
Toxic/toxicity  limits  and/or  biomonitoring  requirements will  be incorporated
where  Section 304(1)  assessments are not completed  and where toxic  problems
have been  identified.    State  program activities  will be expanded  to include
permitting  of  combined  sewer  overflows  and sludge  controls,  where  needed.
Increased  state pretreatment program  delegations will  be  encouraged as well as
improved Publicly-Owned Treatment Works  (POTW) reporting where the state is the
control authority.   States will inspect POTWs and determine  compliance status
and  initiate  enforcement actions against inadequate  POTW implementation and/or
industrial user noncompliance.

     States will  ensure  compliance of National  Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System  (NPDES)  facilities through  an  effective assessment,  monitoring  and
enforcement program.   State  enforcement programs will focus  on the control of
toxic   pollutants   and  protecting   municipal  compliance   infrastructure.
Industrial  enforcement  actions and NPDES  and pretreatment  inspections will be
expanded  to  include  toxicity  reduction  evaluation  methodologies.    National
Municipal  Policy follow-up enforcement  actions will  focus  on municipalities
that fail to meet their construction schedules.

1989 Program

     In 1989  the Agency  is allocating a  total of $67,100,000  for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement,  Control and Compliance appropriation.
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     Section 106 grants are providing funding assistance for operation of state
water  pollution control  programs  for 63  state,  interstate  and  territorial
agencies,  and   approximately   30  Indian  tribes.     In  support   of   water
quality-based permits,  states  are resolving complex use/criteria  revision and
modification  issues,   reviewing  antidegradation  policies,  and  developing
implementation  methods.   Special  emphasis  is  being placed  on  determining
priority  water   segments  requiring  site-specific  criteria,  collecting  water
quality  data,  and  selecting  appropriate  methods  and  procedures  for  use
attainability analyses.   States  are finalizing their  lists of waters impaired
by toxic discharges and developing individual control strategies  to comply with
the requirements of Section 304(1).

     States  are  issuing/reissuing  expiring  NPDES  permits to  control  toxic
pollutants and  toxicity where water quality  is  impaired due to  toxics/toxicity
problems  and data  are sufficient  to establish  water quality-based permits.
They are also modifying a number of NPDES  permits that have not  expired, where
Section 304(1) assessments have been completed and the need for  toxics controls
has been determined.   Permits are being  issued  that incorporate  toxic/toxicity
limits or  biomonitoring requirements  where Section 304(1)  assessments  are not
yet completed but  toxic problems have been identified as  well as  issuing Best
Available Technology  (BAT) permits  to  organic chemical facilities.   States are
developing sludge  programs  and working with  EPA to incorporate sludge  limits
and/or impose biomonitoring requirements in some NPDES permits  for  POTWs and/or
other  sludge handling  facilities.   States are  assisting POTWs with approved
local pretreatment  programs  to  develop and modify  new and revised categorical
standards and local  limits for  controlling toxic/hazardous pollutants.   Audits
are being  conducted to determine the  adequacy  of  local  pretreatment programs
and states are  revising their nonpoint source management  programs  based on EPA
reviews.

     In  the   NPDES  enforcement  program,   states  are  concluding  the National
Municipal  Pol-icy  (NMP)  effort  primarily  by use  of  judicial  actions  to set
schedules for facilities that missed  the July  1,  1988  deadline  for compliance.
In pretreatment enforcement, they  are ensuring  that   industrial  users  comply
with their categorical standards and that local control authorities comply with
provisions of  their  approved programs. .  States  are  conducting  pretreatment
compliance inspections and ensuring that POTWs have adequate control mechanisms
in place.    They  are  continuing  to  conduct  both  sampling and  non-sampling
inspections  and  are  being  encouraged  to  use  penalties  to   enforce  Best
Achievable Technology  (BAT)  and water  quality-based  permit  requirements  to
address critical water-quality objectives.

     States are reviewing and refining their ground-water protection  strategies
to focus on  the totality of their  ground-water  protection and concerns.  This
comprehensive  approach  enables   states  to  determine  clearly  the  protection
measures needed for their  ground-water resources,  particularly  in  relationship
with the uses of this resource.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $60,915,400 for this  program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.

     During   1988,   states   continued  to  emphasize   the   control  of   toxic
pollutants.   States  established technically sound, enforceable water quality
standards,   conducted  use   attainability   analyses,   developed   site-specific
criteria,  adopted criteria  for  toxic pollutants  in  standards,  and clarified


                                3-38

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antidegradation policies and  implementation methods.   Existing information was
identified and evaluated to develop  the  list  of  waters impaired by toxic point
source pollutants  and toxicity,  and to  develop  individual  control strategies.
States  continued  to  emphasize  control  of  hazardous/toxic  pollutants  and
toxicity from direct  dischargers  and concentrated on  issuing  NPDES  permits to
achieve water quality standards  within three years -after the  establishment of
the individual control strategies.

     In 1988, permits were  modified to  incorporate BAT  guidelines for organic
chemicals,  best  management practices  for  nonpoint sources,  permit  conditions
based  on  biomonitoring  and water  quality  studies,   new  technology-based
requirements, and  pretreatment implementation requirements.   Some permits with
sludge  limits  based  on Best Professional Judgment  and/or  sludge  management
practices  were   also  modified.    States developed  detailed  action plans  to
strengthen their toxic control programs and worked with the Regions to manage a
substantial increase  in enforcement actions,  particularly referrals,  due to the
1988 NMP deadline.  A shift  from manual  data entry and review procedures to an
automated  system of  data management for EPA (Permits Compliance System)  was
accomplished.  In 1988, states continued their ground-water protection strategy
efforts  and Headquarters  began  to  award grants  to  Indian tribes  for water
pollution control program development on reservations.
                                3-39

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                                                   WATER QUALITY
                                      Water Quality Strategies Implementation
                                ACTUAL
                                 1988
           ENACTED
            1989
 CURRENT
ESTIMATE
  1989
REQUEST
 1990
  INCREASE +
  DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Wetlands Protection
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
Ocean Disposal Permits
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
Environmental Emergency
Response & Prevention
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
Standards & Regulations
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
EPA Oil Spills Project
 Salaries & Expenses
                       TOTAL
$4,227.0   $4,552.4   $4,542.9   $5,183.9      $641.0
$2,050.9   $3,050.0   $3,015.0   $3,615.0      $600.0
                       TOTAL   $6,277.9   $7,602.4   $7,557.9   $8,798.9    $1,241.0
$2,446.7   $2,602.9   $2,586.9   $2,840.6      $253.7
$5,036.5   $4,927.9   $4,915.1   $6,915.1    $2,000.0
                       TOTAL   $7,483.2   $7,530.8   $7,502.0   $9,755.7    $2,253.7
$1,813.7   $1,764.3   $1,766.6   $1,550.9
$1,380.0   $1,200.0   $1,182.8   $1,182.8
                       TOTAL   $3,193.7   $2,964.3   $2,949.4   $2,733.7
$4,590.0   $4,507.4   $4,519.4   $4,875.1
$1,901.2   $3,425.3   $3,384.0   $4,804.1
     $.3
     $-3
                        -$215.7


                        -$215.7
                         $355.7
                       $1,420.1
                       TOTAL   $6,491.2   $7,932.7   $7,903.4   $9,679.2    $1,775.8
                                       3-40

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                                                   WATER QUALITY
                                      Water Quality Strategies Implementation

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL:

 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance

Water Quality
Strategies
Implementation
       $13,077.7  $13,427.0  $13,415.8  $14,450.5    $1,034.7
       $10,368.6  $12,603.2  $12,496.9  $16,517.0    $4,020.1
TOTAL  $23,446.3  $26,030.2  $25,912.7  $30,967.5    $5,054.8
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Wetlands Protection
Ocean Disposal Permits
Environmental Emergency
Response & Prevention
Standards & Regulations
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Wetlands Protection
Ocean Disposal Permits
Environmental Emergency
Response & Prevention
Standards & Regulations
TOTAL WORKYEARS
85
43
39
85
254

90
48
44
92
275
.1
.9
.9
.4
.3

.7
.3
.5
.4
.9
100
43
34
88
267

103
45
37
92
279
.6
.5
.6
.8
.5

.8
.4
.0
.8
.0
100
43
34
88
266

103
45
36
92
278
.4
.2
.4
.7
.7

.6
.1
.8
.7
.2
111.
45.
36.
94.
288.

111.
45.
36.
94.
288.
6
1
8
7
2

6
1
8
7
2
11.2
1.9
2.4
6.0
21.5

8.0


2.0
10.0
                                      3-41

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                                     WATER


                                 WATER QUALITY


                    Water Quality Strategies Implementation
Budget Request
     The  Agency requests  a  total of  $30,967,500  supported by  288.2  total
workyears  for  1990,  an  increase  of $5,054,800 and  an increase of  10.0  total
workyears from  1989.  Of the  request,  $14,450,500  will be for the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $16,517,000  will be for  the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance appropriation.   This  represents an increase  of $1,034,700 in the
Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation  and  an  increase  of  $4,020,100  in  the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
WETLANDS PROTECTION

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $8,798,900  supported by  111.6  total
workyears  for  this program, of  which  $5,183,900 will be for the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation  and $3,615,000 will be  for the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance  appropriation.    This  represents  an  increase  of  $641,000  and
$600,000, respectively, and an increase  of  8.0  total workyears.   The increases
reflect the Agency's focus  on wetlands issues and support for state programs, to
protect wetlands.

     In 1990,  the  Agency  will continue  to work  with the Corps of Engineers and
other Federal agencies in issuing policies and procedures to clarify or amplify
Federal regulatory requirements  of  the  Section  404 program.   Implementation of
the  enforcement   memorandum  of  understanding,   the  administrative  penalty
authorities,  the  EPA  wetlands  delineation  manual,  the  404(c)  procedural
guidance,  and  the  bottomland  hardwood guidance will  occur.   Headquarters will
complete guidance  for the  Regions  on  state  program assumption.   The program
will  implement  the  Tribal qualification  regulations  so  that qualified and
approved  Indian Tribes may administer  the Section  404  program.    The Agency
will also work through the  Interagency Floodplain Task Force  to demonstrate the
use of  integrated  floodplain management  planning for reducing flood losses and
erosion,   protecting  wetlands,   providing   recreational   opportunities,   and
improving stream water quality.

     Major  activities  in  1990  will  include  more  intensive  efforts  aimed at
state  program  assumption,  the  use  of anticipatory  approaches  for  wetlands
protection,  and aggressive enforcement  activities.   Active  state 404 program
assumption  development  efforts  are expected  to increase in  1990  following an
information dissemination  and education  period  in 1989.   This momentum will be
augmented  by the  grant  funds  being requested  under Section 106  of the Clean
Water Act  for  state program development and administration.   In 1990, increased
staff  resources for  the  Regions  will  permit  expanded  support  to  states in
formulating  necessary  state  legislation  and  regulations,  in  training state
personnel,   and   in   such  direct   field  assistance  activities  as  wetlands
delineation.  The Agency  will  work with  the states  as  they revise  their 401
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water quality certification processes to reflect wetlands values and functions.

     The  Agency will  increase its  efforts to  promote  and use  anticipatory
approaches  for  wetlands  protection,  particularly  in areas  where loss  rates
continue  to  be  unacceptably high  and  traditional  program  tools  are  not
satisfactorily  addressing  the problem.   Additional resources  will  facilitate
the expansion of advance identification efforts to additional locations as well
as the undertaking of larger projects.

     Enforcement activities  will  expand in 1990, building upon new directions
and experience  gained under  a  new  enforcement  memorandum of  understanding with
the  Army,  new  guidance  on  the   use  of  administrative civil penalties,  an
expanding  EPA  criminal enforcement  program,   and greater  field  experience.
EPA's enhanced  emphasis on targeting specific geographic areas and/or wetland
types for special protection requires  an  aggressive enforcement and compliance
monitoring  effort  on  the  part   of  Regional  wetlands  staff.   The  use  of
administrative penalty orders will increase commensurate with these changes and
priorities,  and with the Agency's  enhanced ability to  detect  violations through
remote sensing,  citizen awareness,  and improved interagency networks of Federal
and state field personnel.

     In 1990, the  program will work with the Marine  and Estuarine Protection
Program  to  implement  the  improved  test methods  and  procedural guidance  on
sediment criteria and disposal of dredged material in  coastal waters.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the Agency is allocating a total  of $7,557,900  supported by 103.6
total workyears for this program,  of which  $4,542,900  is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $3,015,000  is  from  the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     Additional program and  technical  guidance  is  being  developed for wetlands
protection  with study  efforts emphasizing increased  scientific  knowledge  of
wetlands values and functions, and increased  technical  assistance provided to
states  and' local entities.    While  the Army  Corps of  Engineers retains  the
primary responsibility for  issuing permits  for  the  disposal  of dredged or fill
material, the Agency has several key responsibilities  in the  administration and
implementation  of the program.  These responsibilities include: assuring permit
compliance  with  environmental criteria  contained in  the  Section  404(b)(l)
Guidelines;   restricting or  prohibiting  permit  issuance  if  the effects  are
determined  to  be   environmentally unacceptable;  bringing  civil or  criminal
enforcement actions against  unauthorized  dischargers  and permit violators;  and
delegating  to  interested  and  qualified states  authority  to administer  the
Section 404 program.

     A number of guidance  documents and  technical  manuals are being revised or
developed to  reflect  evolving Agency policy.   The  final  mitigation policy,
under the  Section 404(b)(l)  Guidelines,  is being  completed.   EPA will issue
technical  guidance  on Section  404(c),  EPA's  "veto"  authority over  permit
issuance.  Other technical  guidance is being developed for open-water disposal
of contaminated spoil  and de-minimus  discharges.   Guidance  on the application
of Section  404  in bottomland  hardwood wetlands  is being issued  in 1989.   The
program  is  developing technical methods  and  data  to support  its  Section 404
regulatory operations  as  well.  A geographic  jurisdiction delineation manual,
developed in conjunction with  the  Corps  of  Engineers,  is being issued in 1989.
Manuals on two  technical methods resulting from the bottomland hardwood studies


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are being published.

     Enforcement  activities  under  Section  404  are  being emphasized.    The
program   is   developing  an   enforcement   practices  manual   and   conducting
enforcement  training  in  1989.    The  Agency"  is  executing  a  Memorandum  of
Agreement  on  Enforcement with the Department  of  the Army.    The  statutorily
mandated Report to  Congress on Section  404  enforcement mechanisms will also be
issued.   The  Agency is pursuing the potential  for  field inspection support by
other  agencies  in  enforcement actions as  well  as  continuing  its  efforts  to
implement  the   administrative penalty enforcement  authorities  for  Section 404
compliance.

     The  Agency  is working with  states,  Indian  tribes  and local  entities  to
promote delegation of the Section 404 administrative responsibilities and other
programs to increase wetland  protection efforts.  Guidance  on  state assumption
of the program is being prepared in 1989.   Because of the unique authorities of
local  governments  (e.g.,  taxation, parks and  recreation  planning),  the program
is  developing  specific  initiatives  directly  related  to  local   government
activities  for  wetlands  protection.    Guidance  for EPA's  Regions   on advance
identification is being issued in 1989.

     The  National  Forum  on   Wetlands  Policy  issued   its  final  report  and
recommendations  in November  1988.   As a  result,  the Agency  is developing a
wetlands  action  plan  and determining appropriate   steps  to  act  upon  the
recommendations  for a more comprehensive  and integrated national  approach to
wetlands protection.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency obligated a  total of  $6,277,900 supported  by ,90.7
total workyears for this program,  of which $4,227,000 was from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $2,050,900 was  from  the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance appropriation.

     The   final   revisions   to  the  Section  404   state   program   assumption
regulations  were  promulgated,  streamlining   the  process  for  assumption  of
Section 404 administrative  responsibility  by the states.   A major  workshop on
state  and  local wetlands protection programs was held with participation by all
EPA Regions, approximately 40  states, and several Indian tribes.

     The policy  framework for the  Section  404 program  was  strengthened through
technical  and policy  guidance in 1988.   The base program of  permit review,
enforcement and  advanced identification was  enhanced  by the joint efforts of
EPA and  the Corps  of  Engineers.   In particular, the  enforcement program used
the  Water  Quality Act's  administrative  penalty  enforcement   authorities for
increased'  Section 404 compliance.

     In  1988  more  attention  was  targeted  on geographic areas where  the most
significant environmental problems were occurring  from the loss  of wetlands.
The Agency worked  with the  Corps  of  Engineers  and  other Federal,  state and
local  government   agencies,   and  identified  particularly  valuable  wetland
resources  that were threatened by increasing development/conversion pressures.
Regions used this process to  anticipate future permit needs and problems.  Some
30  advance identifications were  either completed,  underway or  planned during
1988.
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     The  National  Forum  on  Wetlands  Policy  continued  during 1988.    Other
cooperative efforts  with  Federal agencies  and the  private  sector to  enhance
scientific  knowledge and  technical data bases  for wetland  protection  also
continued.  The  Agency  initiated an assessment/monitoring project  on wetlands
status and quality.
OCEAN DISPOSAL PERMITS

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total $9,755,700 supported by 45.1  total  workyears
for  this  program,  of which $2,840,600 will be  for  the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and $6,915,100 will be for  the Abatement,  Control and Compliance
appropriation.  This represents  increases of $253,700  in Salaries  and Expenses
and  $2,000,000  in Abatement,  Control  and Compliance,  and  no  change  in total
workyears.  The increase  in Salaries and  Expenses  reflects  increased personnel
and support costs.  The increase  in Abatement,  Control and  Compliance reflects
a more intensive Agency role in  ocean  disposal  site  management  and monitoring,
increased support  for  the  completion  of  the  New York  Bight  Restoration Plan,
and expanded beach monitoring in Region II.

     The  Agency  will  have a  more   intensive  role  in  the  development  of
environmental  impact  statements  (EISs)  for  ocean  dredged material  disposal
sites, as  well as  dredged  material disposal  site management  and monitoring.
The  Agency's  Regional  offices  will   continue  implementing  the  Memoranda  of
Understanding  (MOUs)  with  the  Corps  of  Engineers  (COE) District  Offices  for
dredged material disposal site EISs and site designations.   Ongoing management
responsibilities will increase as more interim  dredged material disposal sites
are  designated as  final   sites.   There will  be  further  emphasis  on  data
management  as  the  number  of  continuing  and   comprehensive   site  monitoring
programs increases.

     Work will  be  continuing on  two planning  program studies  in  the  New York
Bight area.  The first of these is the  designation of an alternative to the New
York  Mud  Dump Site for the disposal   of  dredged  material,  as  required  by  the
Water Resources  Development Act  of 1986.   The second  study,  which  is being
accelerated to  meet the  December 1990 completion  date in the Marine Plastic
Pollution Research and Control Act  (MPPRCA), is  the  New York Bight Restoration
Plan, which will include  the schedule  for pollution  control implementation and
recommendations for funding and  interagency coordination.   Additional support
will  also  be provided  for monitoring  of  nearshore  waters  to   address  the
continuing problems of  medical wastes  and  other floatables washing  up  on the
New York-New Jersey beaches.

     Under  the  recently passed  amendments  to  the Marine Protection,  Research
and  Sanctuaries Act,  the  Agency will   begin collecting  fees  from dumpers using
the  106  Mile  Site  for  disposal  of sewage  sludge.   The fees will be used to
support increased work  requirements added by the amendments.   The Agency will
begin implementing  the  revised Ocean  Disposal  (OD)  regulation  which  is to be
promulgated in final form in 1990, following revisions to meet  the requirements
of  the  new  amendments   and  court  ordered  judgements.    There   will  be  an
evaluation  of the  106 Mile Site for   redesignation  as  a part  of  the Agency's
ongoing monitoring of the site, with a decision on redesignation due in 1991.
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                                                                          FflWO
1989 Program

     The Agency  is allocating  a  total of  $7,502,000  supported by 45.1  total
workyears  for this  program,  of  which  $2,586,900 is  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation  and $4,915,100  is  from  the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     The Agency is continuing development of a comprehensive revision  to the OD
regulation  and development  of program  guidance and  technical protocols,  as
required.  The comprehensive revision is now being developed in response to the
changes  required  under  statutory  amendments  and court   judgements.    As  a
component  to  be  included  in  the  comprehensive  revision,  the Agency  is
developing  a  fee  system.     The  Agency's  Regional  offices  are completing
negotiations and beginning implementation of MOUs with  the  COE District offices
for  the   preparation  of   dredged  material  disposal  site   EISs   and  site
designations.  The monitoring  of  the 106 Mile  Site is continuing  for purposes
of site management.

     Work  is  continuing  on preparation of  a New York Bight  Restoration Plan,
which is to be completed by December of 1990.  Two studies,  one relating to the
selection of an alternative  disposal  site  to replace the New York  Mud Dump and
a  second to determine the  resolution of  the  problem  of plastics disposal in
the New  York Bight, are also  being undertaken.   The Mud Dump  study  including
recommendations for an alternate  site is to be  completed in  1990.  The Agency
is  continuing  work   on  a  study  with  National  Oceanic   and   Atmospheric
Administration  (NOAA)  on  the  adverse effects  of  the  improper  disposal  of
plastic articles  on the  marine  environment  and on methods  to reduce the amount
of plastic  debris.   In addition,  the Agency is  continuing  a three-year public
outreach and education program, initiated  in 1988  in cooperation with NOAA and
the Department of  Transportation,  on  the  problems of plastic debris  in the
marine environment and the need for reduction of such debris.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency  obligated  a  total  of $7,483,200 supported  by 48.3
total workyears for this program,  of which $2,446,700 was  from the  Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and $5,036,500  was  from  the Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     The Agency  continued development  of  a  comprehensive  revision  to  the OD
regulation.   A national MOU was  signed  with  the  COE,  which  establishes the
basis  for  cooperative work  in the  final  designation  and  management  of three
categories  of ocean dredged material disposal  sites.   The  Agency's  Regional
offices began  negotiating  and  implementing MOUs with the COE District offices
to enhance  interagency coordination  in  this  activity.  The  Agency  continued to
review COE permits for  ocean  dredged material disposal and  issue  permits for
municipal and industrial ocean disposal.  This activity included evaluating and
characterizing waste samples on a case-by-case basis.

     The  New York Bight plastics  study  -- giving special  attention  to the
effects of plastics debris on beaches, marine life, the environment and coastal
waters in the New York Bight - - was completed with a report and recommendations
to  Congress.   A   second report to  Congress presenting the  schedule  for the0
completion of the New York Bight Plan and required reports  was also completed.
The transfer  of  sludge dumping from  the 12-mile  site in the  New York Bight to
the  106  Mile  Site  (deepwater  municipal  sludge  dump  site)  and  baseline
monitoring of this deepwater site was completed in 1988.
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ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND PREVENTION

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $2,733,700  supported  by  36.8  total
workyears for  this  program, of which  $1,550,900 will be for  the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation  and $1,182,800  will be  for the Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.  This reflects a decrease of $215,700 in Salaries  and
Expenses,  and  no  change  in  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  and  total
workyears from 1989.

     The oil  spills response program has  been operational for  over  a decade;
thus,  the  basic  implementation mechanisms  are  in  place  and  no  significant
modifications will  occur in 1990.   The  Agency is on 24-hour  alert to receive
and respond to notifications of accidental releases of  oil  and other petroleum
products.  The  Agency will receive notifications of  oil  releases,  and it will
direct and monitor  removals  at major oil incidents.   EPA will also monitor on-
scene  removals  by  potentially  responsible parties  (PRP)  or  state  and  local
authorities,   conduct  Spill  Prevention  and Control  and  Countermeasure  (SPCC)
inspections  at  non-transportation  related facilities,  and provide  technical
assistance  to   the  U.S.  Coast  Guard  on   coasfal  oil   spills  when  the
Environmental Response  Team (ERT)  is  activated or when the U.S.  Coast  Guard
makes  a specific  request.   Additionally, funds  will  support the  following
operational  activities:    regulation  development,  completion  of  a facilities
inventory,  data  base   design  and  implementation,   and  development  of  an
inspection guidance manual.

1989 Program

     In 1989,. the Agency  is  allocating  a total  of $2,949,400 supported by 36.8
total workyears for this  program,  of which $1,766,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and $1,182,800  is  from  the  Abatement,   Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     The  Agency  continues  to  handle  and monitor   oil  spill  notifications;
direct response operations at  major inland waterway  oil  spills  where there is
no  other  governmental or  private  entity  able  or willing  to  respond;  conduct
SPCC  inspections  at  facilities where  there  is  some  indication  that problems
exist  with  the contingency  plan  and/or plan  implementation;  and  monitor  on-
scene  removal  activities  of  PRPs or  state   and  local  authorities  at  major
spills.   Moreover,  the  Agency  updates Regional  contingency plans;  provides
advice and technical guidance to state  and local officials and PRPs involved in
spill  response;  organizes and staffs Regional Response  Team  meetings; assists
the Federal Emergency Management Agency  (FEMA)  at major disasters;  participates
in  response   and safety  training  of   state  and  local  staff;  and  maintains
response equipment and facilities.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the   Agency obligated   $3,193,700  supported  by  44.5  total
workyears  for  this  program, of  which  $1,813,700  was  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation  and $1,380,000  was  from  the  Abatement,   Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     The program  received and screened  a  total of 6,877 notifications  of oil
spill  releases,  conducted 999 SPCC  inspections,  performed  on-scene monitoring
of  275  oil spills,  conducted 52 oil spill responses,  and investigated 174 oil


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releases.   In light  of  the oil spill  at  Ashland,  a Task  Force  was formed to
develop a set of strategies on ways to  improve the SPCC program.


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS

1990 Program Request
                                      I
     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of $9,679,200  supported  by   94.7  total
workyears  for  this  program,  of  which $4,875,100  is  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation and  $4,804,100  is  from Abatement,  Control Compliance
appropriation,  an  increase  of  $355,700  and  $1,420,100  respectively  and  2.0
total  workyears.   The increases will support  additional  activities to support
promulgation of the sludge technical regulation.

     In  1990,  the  water  quality  standards   program  will  continue  to  (1)
emphasize state adoption  of numeric criteria for toxic  pollutants,  (2) develop
methods   for   implementing  state  anti-degradation  policies,    (3)  establish
priority  objectives  for  the  1991-1993  water  quality standards triennium,  and
(4)  oversee the  expansion of  the standards  programs  to  Indian tribes  which
qualify  for  treatment as  states.   Approximately  five  final  water  quality
criteria  documents  will be published and  five  proposed  criteria documents will
be  released for public review and  comment.  Up to 35  water quality advisories
will be issued to fill the gap between  the large number of  toxic pollutants and
the relatively small  number of available criteria documents.  Outreach programs
will  continue to  explain standards  policies  and  requirements as  well  as to
provide  information to states on  the  interpretation and  use  of water quality
criteria  and  advisories,  especially  for  new  areas  such  as   sediment  and
biological  criteria.   In order  to  ensure  adoption of  sediment criteria by the
.states, EPA will develop  criteria and guidance for the 1991-1993  triennium.

     In  1990,  EPA  will  complete  its response  to public comments  on  the
proposed  technical  regulations  for the  use and disposal of sewage  sludge.  The
Agency will begin  to evaluate  the  data base  from the National  Sewage Sludge
Survey which,  along  with  public  comments,  will  allow   the  Agency  to  begin
anticipated reproposal of portions  of  the technical regulations.   As part of
this process, additional  regulatory options will be prepared.

     Additional  modeling  activities  will  be  conducted  and  the  proposed
numerical criteria  re-evaluated.  The  pollutants will  be  evaluated for impact
on  human  health and  the  environment  and  if warranted,  will be included in the
second round  regulation.   Draft  pathogen criteria  documents  will  also be
proposed  for public  comment.   Headquarters  will continue  to  work  with  the
Regions and states  on implementation of the first round regulation and conduct
several outreach meetings  and workshops.

     The  Agency will provide management  oversight to 150  existing clean  lake
projects.    EPA  will  also  review  and  approve  state   lake  water  quality
assessments,  prepare  reports to  Congress  on the status  of lake water quality
and progress  achieved under the Section  314(d)  Demonstration Program, provide
technical  supplements to  the  Lake and Reservoir  Restoration  Guidance manual,
and continue efforts  to validate various restoration methodologies.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency  is allocating a total of $7,903,400 supported by  92.7
total  workyears for this  program,  of which $4,519,400  is from  the  Salaries and
                                3-48

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Expenses  appropriation  and $3,384,000  is  from  the Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     The  Agency  is  publishing  proposed and  final  freshwater and  saltwater
human health and  aquatic toxicity criteria documents for up  to five  toxic and
nonconventional pollutants.    Up  to 30  water  quality  advisories  are  being
issued.   Headquarters  is  assisting  the Regions  to review  state and  Indian
tribe   standards   relating  to   use  attainability,  site-specific   criteria
development,   antidegradation,   and  the   adoption   of  criteria  for   toxic
pollutants.   A final  methodology  for  deriving sediment  criteria values  for
nonpolar organic  contaminants is  being developed,  as  are  sediment  criteria for
six contaminants.

     Regions are  working with states and Indian  tribes  to  examine  the adequacy
of all  narrative  criteria for toxics  and  the control methods  recommended for
point  source  toxic  discharges.    In  support of  water quality-based  permits,
Regions are working  with states  to resolve complex  use/criteria  revision and
modification  issues   and  differences  in   state   standards.    Antidegradation
policies  are  being  reviewed for  consistency with regulatory  requirements and
state implementation methods are being developed.

     EPA  is  determining  priority water segments  that  require  development of
site-specific criteria  and  assisting states and Indian tribes  to  collect data
and select  appropriate  methods  and procedures for use  attainability  analyses.
Where  necessary,   Regions  are  helping  states  to  schedule  and  conduct  use
attainability  analyses  and are providing  guidance,  Agency data,  and examples
from other states or Regions.

     Regions are  continuing to  provide  guidance  and assistance to States for
developing assessments  of lake water  quality and integrating these assessments
into Section  305(b)  Reports.   The Agency  will submit a report to  Congress on
state assessments of lake water quality.   Regions  are managing existing grants
to states for lake assessments and restorations.

     In 1989,  regulations identifying toxic pollutants  in  sludge,  appropriate
management  practices,  and  numerical  limitations  for 29  pollutants  are  being
proposed.    Five  technical  support documents are  being  prepared  that address
five common  sludge use and disposal practices;  land application,  distribution
and marketing,  landfilling,  surface disposal, and incineration.   Headquarters
will conduct two public hearings and two educational workshops  for the proposed
regulations.   Regional  and state  staffs  are being  trained to  interpret and
apply the sludge  technical regulations.

     The  Agency will evaluate and respond  to  an anticipated  large  volume of
public comments on the regulation.  Analysis of the data base from the National
Sewage  Sludge  Survey will begin  and efforts underway to  generate  incinerator
emissions  data  will  continue.     Sludge   risk  assessment  methodologies  and
criteria  documents  for  pathogens are  being  finalized.    Guidance  will  be
developed on sludge  testing and monitoring,  and  technical  requirements will be
incorporated into state water quality strategies.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the Agency obligated  a  total of  $6,491,200 supported by 92.4
total workyears for  this program,  of which $4,590,000 was from  the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and $1,901,200  was  from  the  Abatement,  Control and
Compliance appropriation.
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     The program  developed and  issued  criteria and  advisories  for  toxic  and
non-conventional  pollutants concerning  human  health and  aquatic life,  with
emphasis  on  the  human  health   effects   of   ingesting  aquatic  life  where
bioaccumulation of  toxics  is of  concern.   Efforts focused  on reviewing state
adopted  standards for  consistency with  regulations and  guidance and aiding
Regions,  states,   and  Indian  tribes  to  interpret   and   apply  regulatory
requirements to implement the surface water toxic control program.

     Draft  sludge regulations  were  prepared  for Agency  review  to cover  five
reuse/disposal   options:   land  application,   distribution  and  marketing,
landfilling,  incineration,   and  surface   disposal.    Five  technical  support
documents were  prepared  that   address  disposal options.    A risk  assessment
methodology  for  pathogens   found in  sludge  is being  drafted   and  criteria
documents initiated.   The Agency  initiated the National  Sewage  Sludge Survey
designed to gather information on sewage sludge quality and sludge use/disposal
practices from  a national  perspective.    The program  conducted an outreach
program  on  the  proposed  sludge regulations and the  proposed technology-based
pathogen  reduction  regulation.   Education/implementation  efforts  with  the
states/Regions were initiated.
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                                                                              MlWO
                                                  WATER QUALITY
                                       Water Quality Monitoring & Analysis

                               ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                      1989               1990 VS 1989
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

PROGRAM
Coastal Environment
Management
 Salaries & Expenses           $2,962.8   $4,148.4   $4,138.6   $6,480.6    $2,342.0
 Abatement Control and         $7,671.1   $11,378.5  $11,371.5  $16,851.5    $5,480.0
 Compliance
                       TOTAL  $10,633.9   $15,526.9  $15,510.1  $23,332.1    $7,822.0

Water Quality
Monitoring & Analysis
 Salaries & Expenses           $8,193.8   $8,053.7   $7,865.2   $9,309.1    $1,443.9
 Abatement Control and         $4,165.3   $6,659.9   $6,517.4   $6,905.4      $388.0
 Compliance
                       TOTAL  $12,359.1   $14,713.6  $14,382.6  $16,214.5    $1,831.9


TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses          $11,156.6   $12,202.1  $12,003.8  $15,789.7    $3,785.9
 Abatement Control and        $11,836.4   $18,038.4  $17,888.9  $23,756.9    $5,868.0
 Compliance

Water Quality          TOTAL  $22,993.0   $30,240.5  $29,892.7  $39,546.6    $9,653.9
Monitoring & Analysis


PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Coastal Environment                57.5       88.8       88.5      124.0        35.5
Management
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                                                   WATER QUALITY
                                        Water Quality Monitoring & Analysis

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
Water Quality
Monitoring & Analysis

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
 163.9
.221.4
  (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

157.9      155.1      162.5
246.7
243.6
286.5
                         7.4
42.9
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Coastal Environment
Management

Water Quality
Monitoring & Analysis

TOTAL WORKYEARS
  63.2
 173.7
 236.9
 91.3
256.8
 91.0
165.5.     162.5
253.5
124.0
           162.5
286.5
33.0
33.0
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                                     WATER


                                 WATER QUALITY


                     Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
Budget Request
     The  Agency requests  a  total of  $39,546,600  supported by  286.5  total
workyears  for  1990,  an  increase  of $9,653,900 and  an increase of  33.0  total
workyears from  1989.  Of the  request,  $15,789,700  will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and  $23,756,900  will be for the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance  appropriation.   This  represents an increase  of $3,785,900 in the
Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation  and  an  increase  of  $5,868,000  in  the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.


COASTAL ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency requests  a  total of  $23,332,100  supported by  124.0  total
workyears  for  this program, of which  $6,480,600  will be  for  the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and  $16,851,500  will be for the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance appropriation.   This represents  increases  of $2,342,000 in Salaries
and  Expenses,  $5,480,000 in  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance,  and  33.0  in
total workyears.   The  increases expand support for  the twelve ongoing estuary
projects and will  allow  the Agency to  initiate four  additional projects in the
National  Estuary  Program  (NEP),  expand  support  for  the.  Gulf  of  Mexico
initiative,  expand  support  for   the   Near Coastal  Waters   (NCW)  technology
transfer  activities,  and expand  support  for  the  implementation of  the  Clean
Water  Act  (CWA),  as  amended,  and Section  403(c)   Ocean Discharge  Criteria
Evaluation  (ODCE)  program.    The  NEP  will also  be  supported by  $2,000,000
provided through the CWA Section  205(1) set-aside  from the Construction Grants
appropriation  of  one-third  of  1.5 percent for  implementation of  the  program
authorized in CWA Section 320.

     For NCW  initiatives,  the Agency will  continue  working with  the National
Oceanic and  Atmospheric  Administration (NOAA) and the states on  the national
assessment of  environmental problems,  the organization of data for application
in ongoing  Agency  programs  and the assessment of innovative  nonpoint  control
programs.    The national network  to  exchange  information  on  NCW  problems,
management tools, and estuary programs, including the Chesapeake Bay, the  Great
Lakes, and NCW  pilot projects,  will be  expanded  to include management training
for  local  project  managers.  The  Agency  will expand support for the  Gulf  of
Mexico   initiative,   including   further    development   of   the   initiative's
"Framework for Action" and  additional monitoring and  data collection to assess
environmental health and to  establish  a base for policy/regulatory options.

     The  NEP  will provide  expanded support  and  oversight  to  twelve  estuary
projects,   including  six  1985-86  projects --  San  Francisco Bay,  Albemarle-
Pamlico Sounds, Narragansett Bay,  Long  Island  Sound,  Puget Sound,  and Buzzards
Bay.  The Buzzards  Bay project will complete its  Comprehensive Conservation and
Management Plan (CCMP)  by mid-1990 and will begin the plan implementation phase
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of  the  program,  while the  other five  projects will  continue the  intensive
environmental resource  characterization  and CCMP development phases.   The  six
1988 projects  -- New  York-New Jersey  Harbor,  Delaware  Bay,  Delaware  Inland
Bays, Sarasota  Bay, Galveston  Bay,  and  Santa Monica  Bay  --  will begin  the
intensive characterization phase.  Four new projects, selected  on  the  basis of
national  significance  and with priority  consideration  given to project  sites
referenced  in  the  amended  CWA,  will  be  designated  in  1990  to expand  the
program's  geographic  coverage,  to  develop further  project  expertise, and to
test remedial approaches  developed  in  earlier estuary projects.   Of the  total
Abatement,  Control  and Compliance request,  $13,180,000 will be used  for  the
NEP.

     The  Section 301(h)  program  will  focus  on the  evaluation of  monitoring
programs  and   permit   reissuance.     The  Regions  will  make  final  waiver
determinations for the remaining first  round applications,  and preliminary work
will be  completed  to  reissue  permits  which  expire  in  1991,  including  the
requirement for secondary treatment equivalency determinations.

     Through a  targeted strategy,  the  Agency will expand  its efforts  to  bring
National  Pollutant  Discharge   Elimination   System   (NPDES) permittees   into
compliance  with   Section  403(c)  ODCE  requirements,  consistent  with  the
recommendations of the 1989 report to Congress.

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the  Agency is allocating  a total  of $15,510,100  supported by
91.0 total workyears for this program,  of which $4,138,600 is from  the  Salaries
and  Expenses  appropriation  and  $11,371,500 is from the Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance  appropriation.   The  NEP  is also  supported  by $4,705,000  provided
through  the   Section   205(1)   set-aside   from   the   Construction   Grants
appropriation.

     In addition  to ongoing estuarine activities,  the Agency is continuing the
assessment  of NCWs  to  determine environmental status and  water  quality trends
and to identify NCWs needing management attention.   In a parallel effort,  three
ongoing  pilot  projects and  three new  pilot projects  are being  conducted in
coastal  and marine areas to demonstrate  innovative solutions  for  identified
major  environmental problems.    The  Agency  is  also  continuing  to  support
development of  the  "Framework for Action"  for the  Gulf  of Mexico Initiative to
begin resource characterization and assessment activities.

     The  NEP  is supporting  twelve  projects  in  1989.    Three  of the  1985
projects  are  developing their CCMP, and  the  remaining 1985 and 1986  projects
are  continuing  their  environmental  resources  characterization  work.   The  six
1988 NEP projects  are beginning  Planning Initiative, activities.   Resources
support  conducting  pollutant load  assessments  and  completing  assessments of
status and  trends.  Systemwide monitoring  will  be  developed  in  each program to
determine   the   environmental   effectiveness   of  actions   taken.     Priority
Demonstration  Plans to  implement  targeted  clean-up  strategies  in  selected
estuary  projects  will  receive  assistance  using  Section  205(1)  set-aside
resources.

     In  the Section  301(h)  marine  discharge monitoring  program,  most  first
round application waiver  decisions are to  be  completed  by the  end  of 1989,  and
waiver recipients are beginning  to  implement  required water  quality monitoring
programs.   In  the Section 403(c) program, the  Agency is  developing a targeted
strategy  for  bringing  NPDES  permittees into  compliance  with  ocean discharge
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criteria.   A Permit Writer's  Guide is being  developed  for use  in  conducting
Section 403(c) evaluations and addressing point source discharges to  NCW.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency  obligated a total  of $10,633,900 supported by  63.2
total workyears for this program,  of which $2,962,800 was from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $7,671,100  was  from  the Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.   The NEP was  also  supported by  $7,680,000  provided
through  the  Section   205(1)   set-aside   from   the   Construction   Grants
appropriation.

     The  Agency  began an  assessment of  all  NCWs  to determine  environmental
status  and  water quality  trends  and  to identify  NCWs  needing  management
attention. In a parallel effort, three NCW pilot projects were begun  in coastal
and  marine  areas to  demonstrate  innovative  solutions to  identified  major
environmental problems. The Agency also  established  an institutional framework
for  the  Gulf of  Mexico  initiative  to  identify  and address  priority  water
quality and related environmental problems.

     The  NEP was  expanded to  twelve projects.    State/EPA  agreements  which
documented  the need  to  convene   Management  Conferences  and  to  establish  a
schedule  for  meeting  the purposes  and requirements  of  Section  320  were
negotiated  for each   of  the  six  ongoing projects.    The  six  new  projects
selected  at   the  end  of  1988  began  Planning  Initiative activities.   Project
resources  supported  the increased  emphasis  required  for conducting pollutant
load assessments  and  completing assessments  of status and  trends.   Systemwide
monitoring  was  developed  in  each  project   to  determine  the  environmental
effectiveness  of  actions taken.   Priority Demonstration Plans  to  demonstrate
targeted   clean-up   strategies   in   the  initial  ' six   estuaries   received
implementation assistance' using Section  205(1)  set-aside  resources.   Program
guidance  was developed by  the Agency  for a  number, of  activities,  including
Governor's  Nominations  procedures,  technology transfer  manuals,  a  Program
Primer, a Financial Management Primer,  a Management Handbook,  and the Section
320  Grant regulation.   An interagency  agreement with  NOAA  was developed to
implement   Section  320(j)   regarding   coordinated  estuarine   research   and
management.

     The  Agency continued to  provide  technical  support  for  the  review  of the
Section 301(h) marine  discharge monitoring programs.   The focus of the program
was  shifted  to  the management  and  analysis  of monitoring  data from  waiver
recipients,   and  meeting  the  statutory  requirement  for  determinations  of
secondary  equivalency  for toxics.   The  Agency  also continued to support the
preparation  of  Section 403(c) ODCEs  for  general permits for offshore oil and
gas  facilities.   Technical assistance was provided  nationally  for  preparation
of selected Evaluations.
WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND ANALYSIS

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $16,214,500  supported by  162.5  total
workyears for  this  program,  of which  $9,309,100 will be for  the  Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and $6,905,400 will be  for the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance appropriation.   This represents an  increase of $1,443,900  for the
Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation,  an  increase of  $388,000 for  the Abate-
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merit, Control and  Compliance  appropriation,  and no change  in  total workyears.
The increases will support assistance to states  to build toxics  monitoring and
assessment capacity,  and a technology transfer study  to  modernize  the Agency's
water quality data systems.

     The  program will  continue a  high priority  effort  to assure  effective
implementation of  Section 304(1)  of the Clean Water  Act,  providing assistance
and oversight in addressing deficiencies in  state  submissions.    Where  states
fail to act, the Agency will develop and promulgate lists of waters impaired by
toxics  and  develop  wasteload  allocations  (WLAs)  for disapproved individual
control strategies  (ICSs).   The program will continue providing  guidance and
assistance  to  states developing  total  maximum  daily  loads (TMDLs)  and WLAs,
including a focus to control nonpoint sources.

     Based  on  Phase  I  of  the bioaccumulation  study,  the  program will  design
Phase II  in 1990 to  investigate high priority problems  identified and develop
guidance for establishing point source  controls  needed for protection of human
health  related  to fish consumption.    Also  in  1990  the program  will conduct
sampling  to determine  the  nature  of  sediment  contamination problems  where
build-up of  toxic pollutants  is suspected of  causing  adverse impact on aquatic
life  and  causing  bioaccumulation  problems.    The   program will conduct  an
aquatic  life  survey  to  assess  accomplishments  and  trends  in  protecting
fisheries and other aquatic life from toxic  effects of water pollution.

     The surface water  monitoring program will encourage  states to adopt more
cost-effective approaches, such as  rapid biological assessment techniques, and
to  use  citizen volunteers  as  part  of  state  monitoring support  networks.
Regional  symposia  and workshops will  be held  to  address  specialized issues,
such  as  nonpoint  source  monitoring   and  assessment,  estuarine  monitoring,
sediment and bioaccumulation  issues.    The  program will also  assist  states in
the monitoring  of  toxic pollutants and toxicity,  including use of technology
transfer workshops and  specific technical assistance  projects  to support state
laboratory  analytical  capacities  for toxics.   The  program  will continue with
ongoing  activities  designed  to  strengthen  state  assessments and monitoring,
including trend assessment techniques,  use of the  305(b)  Waterbody System, and
improvements in water quality data  management to enable  integration with other
Agency data bases.

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the Agency  is allocating  a  total  of  $14,382,600  supported by
162.5   total workyears for  this  program,  of  which $7,865,200  is  from the
Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation  and  $6,517,400  is  from  the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.

     Headquarters  is  issuing  regulations   that  govern  the  Section  304(1)
listing of waters impaired by toxic  pollutants.  A major program emphasis is to
provide adequate technical assistance and oversight to enable states to develop
complete, approvable submissions.   Headquarters is performing national priority
assessments of toxic problems of national concern;  for example the presence of
dioxin in  fish  tissues  is  expected to  lead  to  control strategies  for bleached
kraft pulp  and paper mills.   Three  reports  to Congress and a study required by
Sections 308(g), 516, 524 and 525 of the CWA are being completed.

     Regions are assuring consistency in the  Section  304(1) review process and
continuing  to assist states in conducting  WLAs  and  other  analyses to develop
ICSs for waters  with point  source,  related toxics problems.   Regions continue I


                               3-56

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to  conduct  sampling to assist the  national  bioaccumulation study and,  where
bioaccumulation  problems  are  discovered,   to  assist  states  in  developing
effective control strategies.

     The Regions are  responsible  for approving or disapproving TMDLs  and WLAs
developed by the states  under Section 303(d), and for  producing  TMDLs/WLAs if
states fail to do so.   The Regions are updating technical agreements which have
been established with most states concerning toxic pollutants.  These revisions
govern  states'  methodologies  for  development of  TMDLs/WLAs  and  the  Regions'
approach to  the  review,  approval, and  disapproval of  state  developed limits.
The Regions  continue  to guide and assist states  in  developing TMDLs/WLAs for
complex  situations  with point sources,  such  as  lake and estuarine  areas and
rivers with multiple  dischargers, with particular emphasis on control of toxic
pollutants.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency obligated  a  total of $12,359,100 supported  by 173.7
total workyears  for  this program,  of which  $8,193,800 was  from  the  Salaries
and Expenses appropriation  and $4,165,300 was from the  Abatement,  Control and
Compliance appropriation.

     Headquarters  issued guidance  governing  the  Section 304(1)  listing  of
waters impaired by toxic pollutants and provided technical assistance to enable
states  to  develop  complete,  approvable  submissions.   The  program began  to
implement  recommendations   for improving EPA and  state  long-term  monitoring
programs from the Surface Water Monitoring  Study,  including holding a National
Symposium on Water Quality Assessment and working directly with the states.  In
addition, the 1988 state Section 305(b) Reports were completed with an improved
format,  and a supporting Waterbody System was established as well  as a steering
committee to oversee and guide data systems.

     Regions conducted  sampling  to assist  the national bioaccumulation study,
and where  bioaccumulation  problems  were  discovered,  assisted  the states  in
developing  effective  control strategies.    Regions   also   provided  direct
guidance  and  assistance  to  states  for  preparing  biennial Water  Quality
Inventory reports under Section 305(b) and implementing the Waterbody System.
                               3-57

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                                                   WATER QUALITY
                                             Municipal Source Control

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

PROGRAM
Municipal Waste
Treatment Facility
Construction
 Salaries & Expenses          $19,907.8  $21,425.7  $21,234.3  $21,517.3      $283.0
 Abatement Control and        $32,763.4  $21,628.4  $21,368.2  $19,868.2   -$1,500.0'
 Compliance
                       TOTAL  $52,671.2  $43,054.1  $42,602.5  $41,385.5   -$1,217.0

Waste Treatment
Operations &
Maintenance
 Salaries & Expenses           $1,384.3   $1,477.3   $1,477.3   $1,544.9       $67.6
                       TOTAL   $1,384.3   $1,477.3   $1,477.3   $1,544.9       $67.6


TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses          $21,292.1  $22,903.0  $22,711.6  $23,062.2      $350.6
 Abatement Control and        $32,763.4  $21,628.4  $21,368.2  $19,868.2   -$1,500.0
 Compliance

Municipal Source       TOTAL  $54,055.5  $44,531.4  $44,079.8  $42,930.4   -$1,149.4
Control
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Municipal Waste                   402.5      423.8      421.4      430.0         8.6
Treatment Facility
Construction
                                       3-58

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                                                   WATER QUALITY
                                             Municipal Source Control

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
Waste Treatment
Operations &
Maintenance

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
 28.0
 (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

30.6       30.6       31.5
430.5      454.4      452.0      461.5
                                   9.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Municipal Waste
Treatment Facility
Construction

Waste Treatment
Operations &
Maintenance

TOTAL WORKYEARS
439.6      449.4      447.0      430.0       -17.0
 30.1       31.5       31.5       31.5
469.7    -  480.9      478.5      461.5       -17.0
                                       3-59

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                                     WATER


                                 WATER QUALITY


                           Municipal  Source Control
Budget Request
     The  Agency requests  a  total of  $42,930,400  supported by  461.5  total
workyears  for  1990,  a  decrease of  $1,149,400 and  a decrease  of 17.0  total
workyears from 1989.  Of the  request, $23,062,200  will be for the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and  $19,868,200  will  be for the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance appropriation, an  increase of $350,600  and a decrease of $1,500,000
respectively.


MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITY CONSTRUCTION

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency requests  a  total of  $41,385,500  supported by  430.0  total
workyears for  this  program,  of which $21,517,300 will be for the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and  $19,868,200  will  be for the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance  appropriation.    This  represents  an  increase  of $283,000  and  a
decrease of  $1,500,000,  respectively,  and a decrease of  17.0 workyears.   The
increase  for Salaries and  Expenses reflects  increased  personnel  and  support
costs.    The  decrease  in  Abatement,   Control and   Compliance  and - workyears
reflects reduced funding required  for Needs  Survey reports and State Revolving
Fund  (SRF)  guidance, a  reduction of  $1,000,000  to  1989 enacted  funding for
operator training,  and streamlined Construction Grants/SRF management.

     In  1990,  EPA  will  be  managing dual  wastewater treatment  grant programs
with  emphasis  on the completion of ongoing construction grants  projects and
implementation/oversight of  SRF programs.    Peak  SRF workload  is  expected in
1990  with  40 operational programs and 11 new programs  coming  on line.   The
highest  program  priority in  the Regions will be the negotiation  and award of
initial  SRF  grants  and  the  conduct of  first annual  program reviews.   In 1990,
Headquarters  will   promulgate  final  SRF  regulations  and  update policy  and
guidance  documents  based on  experience gained  from 1989 awards   and  program
reviews.   Headquarters  will  also encourage states   to use  SRFs  for expanded
wastewater  management uses.     Letter  of  credit payment  issues and  outlay
management will continue to require significant management attention.

     Traditional construction grants management  workload and state  oversight
responsibilities will remain high, but begin to  decline in 1990, due  to the
large  number  of projects  initially  funded  during 1987-89.    Regions  will
maintain  essential  emphasis  on  construction grants   management  activities and
will  address a  workload of  approximately  5,500  grant  projects.    The  funds
requested  for  the  Corps of Engineers  (COE)  Interagency   Agreement  (IAG)  will
purchase 245 workyears of effort to provide  construction  management assistance
to  EPA  and  the states.    The  Indian  grants program  will  receive  increased
support  to assure management and project integrity needs are fully met.
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     In  1990,  EPA  will  undertake  important   initiatives   to   enhance   the
effectiveness of technology transfer and outreach programs and to  address vital
infrastructure issues.  Headquarters will maintain  information on refinements,
advances,  and cost-effectiveness  of publicly-owned treatment  works  (POTWs)
technologies to lower  costs  and improve performance.  The waste  treatment  and
drinking water  programs will  continue  to  engage in a  cooperative  effort  to
provide  information and assistance on financing  and  technology to hard-pressed
small communities.   Making use of  national  organizations and  the  Small Flows
Clearinghouse, guidance materials  on technology selection and financing methods
will be provided to local officials.

     Headquarters will provide management strategies and  information to address
sulfide  sewer corrosion following the  1989  Report  to Congress.  The 1990  SRF
Report  to   Congress  will  help  to  identify needed policy,  regulatory,   and
legislative  changes.   The report  will  provide  an  inventory of  facilities  in
significant  noncompliance  and an  estimate  of  cost needed  to  bring these
facilities  back into compliance.  The 1990 Needs Survey will  be nearly complete
and Needs  Survey  data will be  integrated with permits  and  grants  information
systems  to  enable consolidated POTW reporting.   EPA will provide  $800,000  to
support  state  operator   training  programs.    Activities   associated  with
management  of the operator training program are described in  the Operations and
Maintenance program element.

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the Agency  is  allocating $42,602,500  supported by  447.0 total
workyears  for this  program,   of  which  $21,234,300  is   from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and  $21,368,200  is   from  the Abatement,   Control  and
Compliance  appropriation.

     1989 is a critical year  for  the program with a maximum  SRF implementation
effort  and  significant  continuing  responsibility  for  the  management   and
oversight of almost 6,000 ongoing construction grants projects.  Since Title  VI
requires states   to  commit  1989  funds  to  SRFs,  essentially  all  states  are
expected to  submit  capitalization  grant  applications.   Major   efforts   are
required to  effectively review state applications,  negotiate  payment  schedules
and award  initial grants.   With  contractor support, Regions and states  are
receiving training, information and  assistance  for  development,  implementation
and oversight of SRF programs.

     Traditional  construction   grants   management   and   state   oversight
responsibilities  remain significant activities during 1989.   EPA  is monitoring
state  delegation   status   and  performing  the remaining nondelegated  project
management  responsibilities.   In  addition,  implementation of  new construction
grants  provisions,  including  grants to  Indian  tribes,  is   continuing.   The
$15,300,000  allocated  for  the  COE  Interagency Agreement (IAG),  combined  with
carryover funds,  is supporting 281 workyears  to provide  construction management
assistance  to EPA and the states.   The  1988 Needs Survey  is being  completed and
work is underway on the 1990 Needs Survey.

     The program  emphasizes  a  unified  approach to  POTW toxics  management  by
improving RCRA/Superfund coordination  in treating wastes  from sites  addressed
under those  programs.   POTW  technologies  are being evaluated  and  information
disseminated  to   states,   POTWs  and   architect/engineering  firms   on   the
effectiveness  of  innovative/alternative   (I/A)   as  well    as   conventional
treatment  technologies.   To  support  local  self-sufficiency,  especially among
small communities  that need construction, EPA widely disseminates  information


                                3-61

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on  cost-  and   environmentally-effective   treatment   technologies   and  local
financial management approaches.  Significant ongoing  financial  support to  the
Small Flows  Clearinghouse contributes  to  a much  expanded community  outreach
assistance program.

     The   technical   reports   to   Congress  on   sulfide   corrosion   and
rainfall-induced infiltration  of sewers are being completed.   The Agency  is
targeting  $1,800,000  to  selected  states  that   provide   effective   on-site
operations and compliance assistance  to  small POTWs.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the  Agency obligated a total of $52,671,200 supported  by 439.6
total workyears  for this program, of which $19,907,800 was from  the  Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $32,763,400 was from the Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.
                                                             r
     EPA moved  toward  implementing Title VI requirements for  establishment  of
self-sufficient  SRF programs  and  other  new  statutory  initiatives.    Eight
states received  SRF capitalization  grants  and 4 additional  grant  applications
were under review.  Guidance,  regulations  and  training were  provided to states
and   Regions   for   development,  implementation   and   oversight  of   SRFs.
Headquarters completed a State Funding Study,  identifying  the funding needs  for
state management of water  programs,  and  provided information  on  alternative
financing  mechanisms   to   advance   states'  efforts   toward  development   of
innovative financing techniques to address  state  funding needs.

     Effective Federal  and  state management and oversight of  the  construction
grants program continued with 634 construction  grant awards  in 1988 for a total
active project workload  of  6,244.   New  construction grants  statutory  programs
were implemented, including Indian tribes,  accelerated  disputes resolutions  and
"turnkey" projects. -The $15,500,000  obligated for the Corps  of Engineers  IAG
purchased 281 workyears  of support to  EPA and the states to  ensure technical
and fiscal integrity of construction  projects.  The Indian Needs  Survey and the
1988 Needs Survey were in final stages of completion.   Headquarters and Regions
reviewed  a  total  of  11  proposed   Advanced  Treatment   (AT)  projects  with
incremental  costs   over  $3,000,000.    Marine  Combined Sewer  Overflow  awards
totaling $23,100,000 were made for 8  projects.

     Work on technologies evaluations and information transfer for both I/A and
conventional  designs  continued.   The Agency  obligated $1,800,000  to promote
state operator training programs to assist small  communities.   The scope of the
Small Flows  Clearinghouse  was  also  expanded  with funds available  from  the
construction  grants  reallotment process,  under   the  provisions  of  Section
104(q).


WASTE TREATMENT OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $1,544,900 supported  by  31.5  total
workyears for this  program,  all  of which will  be  for  the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.   This  represents an increase  of  $67,600  in the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation  and  no  change  in  workyears.   The  increase  reflects
increased personnel and support costs.
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     Stable  staffing,  together  with  the  resources  requested  to  continue
operator  training  grants  under  the  Municipal  Waste  Treatment  Facilities
Construction program,  reflect  the  Agency's commitment  to  the  development  of
effective  state  operations  and   maintenance   (O&M)   and   operator  training
programs, and support to improved minor municipal facilities compliance.

     With $800,000 in grant funds,  state and EPA Regional staff will be able to
provide on-site compliance assistance and  operator  training at about 270 minor
POTWs.     Operator  training   grants  will  be provided  to  states  which  have
developed  comprehensive  municipal   compliance   programs.    EPA  will  promote
improved local user charge and  financial management systems and identification
of  O&M  compliance   problems  through  effective   diagnostic   evaluation  and
laboratory  quality  assurance  and  quality  control  (QA/QC)   programs.    In
addition, the Agency will provide guidance, information and oversight to assist
the  states and  communities  to strengthen local  O&M  programs  for  improved
sludge,  toxics,  and  Innovative/Alternative   and  conventional  technologies
management.
           o
     EPA will continue to recognize superior facilities through enhancements to
its National and  Regional O&M  Excellence  Awards programs.   Staff  will  review
project  performance  certifications  submitted  by  new  facilities   and  monitor
needs and corrective actions.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency  is  allocating  a total  of $1,477,300 supported by 31.5
total  workyears   for  this  program,  all  of  which  is from  the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation.

     Information  and  guidance  continue to be   is'sued to  promote  more  cost-
effective O&M activities  funded under Sections  104(g),  106  and 205(g).   States
and EPA Regions expect  to use $1,800,000 to provide on-site  O&M assistance to
581 small communities.  EPA is conducting a program to train on-site inspectors
to  diagnose  and  assist resolution  of  small communities'  financial and  user
charge  system  problems where these  contribute to  O&M  and permit compliance
problems.

     EPA  will   continue  with  the   highly  successful  O&M  Excellence  Awards
program which was  expanded  to recognize model  nondischarging  facilities.   The
Agency plans to make  66 Regional awards and eight national awards.  Likewise,
the national sludge beneficial   use  awards  programs will continue.   Staff are
reviewing  project performance certifications and implementing  minor POTW QA/QC
programs.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,   the   Agency   obligated  $1,384,300  supported   by   30.1  total
workyears  for  this program,  all of which  was  from the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.

     EPA  and the  states obligated $1,800,000   to provide  on-site compliance
assistance to 688 small communities and returned 385 to compliance.  Over 2,800
plants  have  been  assisted  to  date,  with over  1,587  having   returned  to
compliance and  most  of  the   others  operating with  improved performance.   EPA
also  studied  factors  limiting plant  performance  in  small   communities  and
reported  its findings  to  state and local  officials and  the architect  and
engineering community.


                                3-63

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     EPA  expanded  its O&M  Excellence  Awards program  to  recognize model  non-
discharging facilities.  The Agency made  64  Regional  and  eight national awards
recognizing outstanding  facilities.    In  addition,  a  video on O&M  management
factors  contributing  to outstanding  plant  performance   was  produced and  a
brochure  of  success  stories   emphasizing  innovative  approaches  to  problem
solving for state and local officials and plant operators  was issued.
                                 3-64

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Enforcement

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents


                                                                        Page

WATER QUALITY                                                           3-1

ENFORCEMENT
   Water Quality Enforcement 	  3-65
   Water Quality Permit Issuance 	  3-69

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                                                   WATER QUALITY
                                             Water Quality Enforcement

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Water Quality
Enforcement
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
       $18,188.9  $18,426.1  $18,223.0  $19,228.0    $1,005.0
        $1,638.1   $1,607.0   $1,579.6   $2,579.6    $1,000:0

TOTAL  $19,827.0  $20,033.1  $19,802.6  $21,807.6    $2,005.0
TOTAL: .
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance

Water Quality
Enforcement
       $18,188.9  $18,426.1  $18,223.0  $19,228.0    $1,005.0
        $1,638.1   $1,607.0   $1,579.6   $2,579.6    $1,000.0
TOTAL  $19,827.0  $20,033.1  $19,802.6  $21,807.6    $2,005.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Water Quality
Enforcement

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
           378.5
           378.5
385.6
385.6
382.4
382.4
394.7
394.7
 12.3
 12.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS

Water Quality
Enforcement

TOTAL WORKYEARS
           409.8
           409.8
408.3
408.3
404.7
404.7
394.7
394.7
-10.0
-10.0
                                       3-65

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                                     WATER


                                WATER QUALITY


                          Water Quality Enforcement
Budget Request
     The  Agency requests  a  total of  $21,807,600  supported by  394.7  total
workyears  for  1990,  an  increase  of  $2,005,000 from  1989.    Of the  request,
$19,228,000 will be for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation  and $2,579,600
will be for the Abatement,  Control and Compliance appropriation,  an increase of
$1,005,000 for Salaries  and  Expenses, an  increase  of $1,000,000  for Abatement,
Control and Compliance, and a decrease of 10.0 total workyears.


WATER QUALITY ENFORCEMENT

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency requests  a  total of  $21,807,600  supported by  394.7  total
workyears  for  this  program,  of which $19,228,000 will be  for the  Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and $2,579,600 will be  for the Abatement, "Control and
Compliance appropriation.   This represents an  increase  of $1,005,000  for the
Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation,   an  increase  of  $1,000,000  for  the
Abatement, Control  and Compliance  appropriation,  and a decrease of 10.0 total
workyears.  The increase for Salaries and. Expenses reflects increased personnel
and  support  costs.    The increase  for  Abatement,  Control and Compliance will
support  data  systems  integration  and increased enforcement  and monitoring of
toxic  controls.    The decrease  of  10.0  workyears  reflects   the  use  of more
efficient enforcement mechanisms.

     In  1990,  EPA's priority will be to  improve municipal compliance rates of
constructed facilities with  final  effluent  limits.   All  but 85 major municipal
facilities will have completed construction to meet final effluent limits.  EPA
and  states will continue to  monitor these facilities to  ensure compliance with
their   construction  schedules.     For   those   POTWs  which have  completed
construction, EPA will assess compliance using diagnostic inspections, identify
causes of noncompliance, and establish corrective action plans.

     In   support  of   municipal   compliance,   the   pretreatment   program  will
increase  enforcement  against publicly owned treatment  works  (POTWs) which fail
to  implement  their  approved pretreatment programs.  EPA will continue to rely
on  approved states  and POTWs to  ensure  that industrial users   (lUs) comply with
pretreatment  standards.   Where  there is no  approved local  or  state program,
EPA  will  continue  to  identify  categorical  lUs,  monitor compliance  through
review of  semi-annual  reports, and  conduct inspections where environmental harm
is  suspected.    In serious  cases of  noncompliance,  appropriate  enforcement
action will be taken,  including criminal enforcement.

     In  1990,  EPA  will  place  a high  priority  on enforcing  toxic  permit
requirements  and will  implement   the  Compliance  Monitoring and  Enforcement
Strategy   for  Toxics  Control,  in cooperation with the states.   EPA will also
                                3-66

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initiate enforcement of permits for combined sewer overflows and enforcement of
sludge requirements in permits.

     The Permit  Compliance  System (PCS), the  primary data base  for  the  NPDES
program,   will  be   used   to  generate   Quarterly  Noncompliance  'Reports;
automatically review Discharge Monitoring Reports  (DMR);  and track performance
of  POTWs  in  implementing  their pretreatment  programs.    Additional  resources
will  be used  to  enhance  PCS capabilities  by implementing  new  graphics  and
mapping components  and other  information  management techniques  to  facilitate
the integration and exchange of data with other automated systems.

     Regions will  maintain effective  inspection  programs by  conducting  1,900
inspections  of  municipal   and  industrial  permittees  and  will  continue  to
emphasize  a "timely  and appropriate"  enforcement  response  in  all  cases  of
significant noncompliance.   Contractual  and  technical support  will be provided
for approximately  120 judicial  cases,  many of which will be  pretreatment or
cases involving  discharge of  toxic pollutants.  Other non-NPDES administrative
enforcement  activities  will  include   inspections   of  facilities  with  spill
prevention control plans and enforcement against those not in compliance.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the Agency  is  allocating a total  of $19,802,600  supported by
404.7  total workyears  for  this program,  o'f which $18,223,000  is  from  the
Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation  and $1,579,600  is  from the  Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.

     EPA  is  giving  high  priority  to  ensuring   compliance  with  enforceable
construction  schedules  by  the   approximately 420  major  National  Municipal
Policy  (NMP) facilities which have not yet completed construction to meet final
effluent  limits.   In  1989,  the Agency will  enforce these schedules  through
referrals  for civil  judicial action  or contempt  actions.    Major  municipal
permittees  in  unapproved states that  fail  to comply with  final  permit limits
are also being addressed.

     The pretreatment  enforcement  program will concentrate  on evaluating some
1,500  POTWs  to  assure  effective  implementation  of  approved  pretreatment
programs.    Data provided  through the  pretreatment tracking  system  indicates
that approximately 40  percent of POTWs  are failing  to  adequately implement at
least one  significant  component  of their program.   The  Agency will use formal
enforcement action against  the most serious  cases of POTW  noncompliance with
approved pretreatment programs.

     EPA  will  continue  to   improve  and  expand   compliance  enforcement  data
management capabilities through  the  use  of  Permit  Compliance  System (PCS).   In
1989, all  EPA  Regions  will produce Quarterly  Noncompliance  Reports  on PCS  and
enter data to the Pretreatment Permits and Enforcement Tracking System.

     Regions  will  assess   administrative   penalties   in  all  categories   of
noncomplying  permittees  and  in  conjunction with  orders  requiring  corrective
action.  Regions continue to  respond to all  cases  of significant noncompliance
with enforcement action, where necessary,  and are addressing  nearly  all cases
of  industrial  noncompliance.    Inspections   are  being  used  to  verify  the
compliance  status of municipal and  industrial   permittees,   with all  major
municipal and industrial facilities inspected annually.
                                3-67

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1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the  Agency obligated a  total  of $19,827,000 supported  by 409.8
total workyears for  this  program,  of which $18,188,900  was  from the  Salaries
and Expenses appropriation  and  $1,638,100  was from the Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     The highest priority  in 1988  was to achieve the goals of the  NMP.   As of
the  July   1,  1988  deadline, 71  percent  of  the  NMP  universe  had  completed
construction to  comply  with final  effluent  limits  -- bringing  the  overall
compliance  rate  for  municipal  facilities to  87  percent.    Only  13  of  the
original 1,479 major NMP facilities were not  yet  on an enforceable schedule or
referred for judicial  enforcement  action.   Enforceable construction schedules
have  also  been established for approximately  70 percent  of the  1,700 minor
municipal  facilities needing schedules.  Judicial  action was  initiated against
54 POTWs as a means of establishing schedules in 1988.

     Pretreatment  activity  focused on  monitoring the  compliance  of  approved
programs,   and  enforcement  actions  were brought against noncomplying POTWs  and
IDs.   EPA conducted a total of 798  pretreatment inspections and  referred 23
pretreatment judicial  actions to the Department of Justice.   Additionally,  EPA
issued  222 administrative   orders   and 25  administrative  penalty  orders  for
violation  . of  pretreatment  requirements.    The   Pretreatment   Permits  and
Enforcement Tracking  System  became fully  operational and  EPA  developed  and
implemented  criteria  for   evaluating  and  reporting  POTW  noncompliance  with
pretreatment implementation requirements.   Regional  and  state personnel were
trained in monitoring  and   inspection techniques  and  POTWs  with pretreatment
programs were trained  to enforce pretreatment requirements.

     Enforcement of  Section 311  oil  and hazardous  substance spill requirements
included 81 referrals  to the U.S. Coast Guard for assessment of civil penalties
and 50  administrative  actions for violations  of  Spill Prevention  Control  and
Countermeasure plan requirements.
                                3-68

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                                                   WATER QUALITY
                                           Water Quality Permit Issuance

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Permit Issuance
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
$12,329.4  $13,605.4  $13,501.3  $14,145.0      $643.7
 $5,278.7   $8,528.7   $8,311.6   $7,311.6   -$1,000.0
                       TOTAL  $17,608.1  $22,134.1  $21,812.9  $21,456.6
                                               -$356.3
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
$12,329.4  $13,605.4  $13,501.3  $14,145.0      $643.7
 $5,278.7   $8,528.7   $8,311.6   $7,311.6   -$1,000.0
Water Quality Permit   TOTAL  $17,608.1  $22,134.1  $21,812.9  $21,456.6     -$356.3
Issuance
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Permit Issuance

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
    282.7

    282.7
326.2

326.2
323.9

323.9
340.3

340.3
16.4

16.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Permit Issuance

TOTAL WORKYEARS
    298.2

    298.2
343.0

343.0
340.3

340.3
340.3

340.3
                                       3-69

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                                     WATER


                                WATER QUALITY


                        Water Quality Permit Issuance
BudEet Request
     The  Agency requests  a  total of  $21,456,600  supported by  340.3  total
workyears  for  1990,  a  decrease  of  $356,300 from  1989.   Of  the  request,
$14,145,000 will be for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation  and $7,311,600
will be for the Abatement,  Control and Compliance  appropriation,  an increase of
$643,700 and a decrease of $1,000,000, respectively.


PERMIT ISSUANCE

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency requests  a  total of  $21,456,600  supported by  340.3  total
workyears for  this  program,  of which $14,145,000 will be  for the  Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and $7,311,600 will be  for the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance appropriation.  This represents"an  increase of  $643,700 in Salaries
and Expenses,  a decrease of  $1,000,000  in Abatement, Control and Compliance,
and no change  in  total  workyears.    The  increase   in  Salaries  and  Expenses
reflects  increased  personnel and  support costs.   The  decrease in  Abatement,
Control  and  Compliance  reflects  the completion  of  the   stormwater  and  the
Hilo-Hamakua Sugar Cane Processing Mills  studies to Congress,  and completion of
the state toxic control program assessments.

     During 1990,  emphasis will be placed  on issuing or  modifying  permits to
facilities  to  incorporate  discharge  limitations where  surface  water  toxic
assessments have been  completed and  new or revised  toxic  or  toxicity controls
are  needed;  where  state  Individual  Control  Strategies  (ICSs)  have  been
disapproved;  where  Section  403(c) permits  are expiring;  and to  incorporate
sludge  requirements  in expiring  major  municipal  permits.   EPA will  complete
approval/denial  of  the remaining  301(g)  requests and fundamentally different
factors   (FDF)   requests   from  organic   chemical  and   pesticide   plants  for
direct/indirect dischargers.

     EPA  will  continue to  review full and  partial  NPDES  programs,  including
Indian tribes  and program  modifications.   EPA will assist  states in developing
sludge programs  and in  issuing  and modifying  permits  to  include  toxic/toxicity
controls.   Contract support  will assist in  issuing an extraordinarily large
number of NPDES state permits that will expire in 1990.

     In 1990,  EPA  will  continue to conduct detailed  on-site  POTW  pretreatment
program  reviews,  with  appropriate   follow-up actions,   to  ensure  effective
implementation.   EPA  will  assist POTWs  to  develop/modify   local  limits  to
control toxics and hazardous pollutants in accordance with revised pretreatment
regulations and  as  required by ICSs  and  changes  in  sludge disposal standards.
Assistance  will  be provided  to  POTWs   in  revising control  mechanisms  for
significant  industrial  users  in  those  states   where   EPA  is  the  Control
Authority.

                                  3-70

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     EPA  will  promulgate  revisions  to   the  NPDES   regulation  to  reflect
statutory  changes  contained  in  the Water  Quality Act of  1987.   EPA  will
complete Congressionally  required studies  to establish  procedures  and  methods
to  control  stormwater  discharges,  to  determine  the   nature  and  extent  of
pollutants from stormwater  discharges, and to" mitigate  their impacts on water
quality.

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the Agency is allocating  a total  of $21,812,900  supported  by
340.3  total  workyears  for  this program,  of which $13,501,300  is  from  the
Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation  and   $8,311,600  is  from  the  Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.

     During  1989,   emphasis  continues  on  control  of  hazardous  and  toxic
pollutants  from direct  dischargers.   Priority  is  given to  completing  the
issuance of  ICSs  to  major and minor dischargers  listed  as  required by  Section
304(1) of the Clean Water Act,  as amended.   Remaining  permits are being issued
to include toxicity-based or  water quality-based limits based  on human health
protection,  toxicity   reduction  .evaluations,   revised   local   pretreatment
programs,  and/or  Best Available  Technology (BAT)  for  organic  chemicals.   To
ensure protection  of  critical habitats,  EPA  will focus on issuing permits  to
major near coastal water dischargers that expire  in 1989.

     EPA  will   continue  to  review NPDES  program and  program  modification
requests.  In addition,  EPA will assist states to  develop  sludge programs and
strengthen their NPDES  state  toxic control programs in  accordance  with action
plans.

     In 1989, EPA  will  assist POTWs to develop/modify  local  limits to  control
toxics  and  hazardous  pollutants  in  accordance  with  revised  pretreatment
regulations  and as required by  ICSs and changes  in sludge  disposal standards.
EPA  will  continue to  audit  POTWs  to  evaluate  application  of  categorical
standards,  local   limits  and issuance  of  control  mechanisms.    Guidance  and
contract  assistance  will be  provided to  implement revisions  to  the  general
pretreatment regulations  based  on  the Pretreatment Implementation Review Task
Force;  revise/develop  local  limits  to   include   additional  toxic  pollutant
limits, including  organics;  conduct toxicity reduction  evaluations and assess
toxicity  related  spills;  and apply organic chemical  categorical pretreatment
standards.   Workshops  and  seminars will  be provided  on toxicity  testing,
biomonitoring,  and state/POTW pretreatment implementation.

     The  Agency is  proposing  NPDES  regulation   revisions  to  reflect  changes
contained  in the  Water  Quality  Act of 1987.    State  program and permitting
regulations for sludge will also be promulgated.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the  Agency obligated a  total of $17,608,100 supported by 298.2
total workyears  for  this program,  of  which $12,329,400 was  from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation  and  $5,278,700  was from  the  Abatement,  Control and
Compliance appropriation.

     Contract resources  were used to develop  individual  control  strategies,
evaluate  state   toxic  control  assessments,  develop  local  limits and  water
quality-based limits  in  POTW permits, conduct  audits  of  approved  local  and
NPDES  state  pretreatment programs,  and  develop  NPDES  programs  and  program
                               3-71

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modifications, especially sludge programs.   Workshops and seminars were held on
pretreatment implementation.

     EPA issued a total of 336  major  permits,  of  which 176 were industrial and
160 were  municipal.   Additionally,   a  total  of  837 permits  were issued  for
minor facilities.

     In 1988  work  continued on  reviewing  several states' program  requests  or
program modification  requests.   No program approvals  or  program modifications
approvals and no partial programs were requested during 1988.   During 1988,  EPA
performed 146 local pretreatment program audits and  another 175 were  performed
by pretreatment states.
                                3-72

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4. DRINKING
  WATER

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990  Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents

                                                                        Page

DRINKING WATER                                                          4-1

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   Drinking Water Research 	   4-7
      Scientific Assessment	4-11
      Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 	   4-12
      Health Effects 	   4-13
      Environmental Engineering and Technology 	   4-15
      Environmental Processes and Effects	4-16
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
   Drinking Water Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 	   4-18
      Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 	   4-20
      Drinking Water Implementation	4-22
   Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance	4-25
      Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants	4-26
      Underground Injection Control Program Grants 	   4-28
      Special Studies and Demonstrations 	   4-30
   Drinking Water Management 	   4-32
      Public Water Systems Supervision Program Assistance	4-34
      Underground Injection Control Program	4-36
Ground-Water Protection	4-39
ENFORCEMENT
   Drinking Water Enforcement	4-44

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                                                     DRINKING WATER
                                ACTUAL
                                 1988
             ENACTED
              1989
 CURRENT
ESTIMATE
  1989
REQUEST
 1990
  INCREASE +
  DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
APPROPRIATION
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
 Research & Development

TOTAL, Drinking Water
 $34,758.0  $36,109.9  $35,888.5  $40,088.1    $4,199.6
 $59,900.1  $60,863.0  $60,678.8  $67,128.1    $6,449.3

 $12,332.4  $11,364.2  $11,235.6  $11,738.4      $502.8

$106,990.5 $108,337.1 $107,802.9 $118,954.6   $11,151.7
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
     687.6      720.3      716.5      766.7        50.2
     746.8      745.5      741.1      766.7        25.6
$105,357.4 $103,886.0 $103,369.2 $112,690.6    $9,321.4
The Safe Drinking Water Act of 1986 reauthorized this
program at a level of $145,150.0 for 1988, $199,570.0
for 1989, and $199,570.0 for 1990.
                                        4-1

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                                     WATER
                                DRINKING WATER
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
     The goals of the Safe Drinking Water Act  (SDWA)  as  amended in 1986  are  to
assure  that public  water supplies  are free  of contaminants  that may  cause
health  risks and  to  protect and  prevent  the  endangerment  of  ground-water
resources that serve  as  drinking water supplies.  EPA has  developed  a  twofold
approach to this legislative mandate that includes  protecting drinking water  at
the tap and preventing contamination of  ground-water  sources  of drinking water
supplies.     The  1986  Amendments  provide  for  an  expanded  Federal  role  in
protecting  drinking  water at  the tap,  mandating  new national standards and
Federal responsibility to enforce them in the event of state inaction.   EPA has
established  a   Five-Year  Strategy  for  Drinking  Water   Protection,   which
integrates   the   standard   setting,   implementation   of   new   program
responsibilities, and  ultimate  enforcement  authority components  of  this new
Federal  mandate.    The  Strategy  is  intended   to  accomplish  the  goal  of
establishing a new,  comprehensive  level  of  drinking water  protection into the
twenty-first century.

     EPA   is   also   focusing   on   the   prevention   of   contamination   of
valuable/vulnerable   ground-water   resources  by   assisting  states   in  the
development  and  implementation  of  comprehensive  ground-water  protection
strategies.     These  strategies  will   address  both   the  full  range   of
actual/potential sources of ground-water contamination and provide for wellhead
protection activities in  the  areas  around public water  systems.   In  addition,
EPA is targeting specific activities to protect drinking  water sources from the
harmful effects of injection of wastes and other  fluids;  and,  in particular,  is
developing a strategy to address the vast number  of diverse  "miscellaneous,"  or
Class V, injection wells.

Drinking Water Standard Setting

     The  first  step  in  implementing  a  new, comprehensive  level of drinking
water protection is  to establish the  framework,  promulgating National  Primary
Drinking Water Regulations  (NPDWRs)  on any  contaminants  "known or  anticipated
to occur" in public water systems (PWSs)  that may have any adverse human health
effects.  The SDWA Amendments prescribe a stringent timetable for regulating  83
contaminants referenced in  the law, a  subsequent  triennial cycle  for  listing
and  regulating  additional   contaminants,  and  specific  treatment  technology
requirements.

     EPA  is  proceeding with  the required  level of  regulatory protection  by
promulgating  NPDWRs,  setting  the  full  array  of  standards  and/or  treatment
requirements mandated  as fast  as the  state of  scientific and  technological
knowledge permits.   These  standards will  entail  the full measure of  public
health protection prescribed  by Congress;  that is, Maximum Contaminant  Levels
(MCLs)  that  represent the level of maximum  feasible health protection.  Not
only  does  this  directly  enhance protection at  the tap, but  also provides  a
comprehensive array  of standards for  use as  health  protection benchmarks  in
other environmental programs.   At the same time,  EPA will take into account the
potential  burden  of  the wholesale   increase  in  the  number  of regulatory

                                 4-2

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requirements,  building into  the standards  themselves both   flexibility  and
streamlined  administrative  requirements.    To the  extent they  are  compatible
with  SDWA  mandates,  these  standards  will promote  states'  freedom  of  action.
The  accompanying  monitoring and  reporting  requirements  are  staggered,  giving
smaller systems more time to prepare for monitoring and compliance.

     In  1990,  EPA  will be  in  the  midst  of the  first effort to provide  a
comprehensive  regulatory framework,  pursuing NPDWRs for the required chemical,
radionuclide and  microbiological contaminants and a  treatment  technology rule
for  surface  source  systems.     Among  these  are  rules  for  three  critical
contaminant  risks:  1)  the   Surface  Water  Treatment  Rule  and   a  revised
microbiological  monitoring  MCL  to  address  infectious  disease risks;  2)  a
corrosion-control treatment  rule and lead MCL  to address the palpable  health
risks of lead in drinking water; and 3)  MCLs for radon and other radionuclides.
The  outstanding  major  health  risk  will  be  addressed with  a  complex  of
disinfection  requirements,  disinfectant  MCLs and  standards for  disinfectant
by-products, along with further standards for pesticides and other contaminants
listed in 1988.

PWS Program Implementation

     EPA depends  heavily on  the states  to  ensure drinking  water  protection.
EPA and  the  states  must lay the  foundation to achieve  the  best  possible start
on implementing  the  succession of new  and  revised regulatory requirements by
reducing current  non-compliance  to  a minimum.    To  this  end,   the  states  are
pursuing a  strategy that  combines  traditional  and new approaches  to  address
both aspects simultaneously.   In addition,  the states  are  taking into  account
the  prevalence  of  numerous,   dispersed  small   community,  non-transient  and
non-community  systems  that  require  individual  attention in order  to  achieve
compliance.

     EPA's  first  priority  is  to  support   the  expansion  of  state  program
capabilities which are essential to implement the growing regulatory framework.
States  are  being  encouraged  to  invest  in  developing  new  approaches  to
interacting  with  systems  and  other  interested  parties  in  order to  increase
their  effectiveness.    EPA has  been  promoting  the  concept  of  mobilization--
attaining the maximum  level  of third-party participation  and service --  as the
most  cost-effective  way to  both promote autonomous  system compliance  and to
address  the  primary causes  of  system  non-compliance  (which include  customer
resistance to higher rates, inadequate technical expertise,  and poor training).
One challenge is simply to reach the thousands of small systems  so that a large
degree of inadvertent non-compliance can be  averted.

     States  have  had  notable  success in maintaining and  increasing  systems'
compliance  through  their   traditional  programs,  which  themselves  reflect  a
balance of preventative measures  (regular surveillance  of systems'  operations,
review  of   planned   facility  changes,  operator  certification),   technical
assistance  and  an   enforcement  deterrent.    Ultimately,  however,  additional
requirements mean  increased non-compliance.   In  the  future, EPA will have to
establish enforcement  priorities  on  the  basis of health  risk,  focusing  on the
prevalence of microbiological,  lead,  radionuclide and  by-product contamination.
As a  first  step,  EPA  has  defined the category of Significant  Non-compliance,
which now governs enforcement priorities,  on the basis of health risk.
                                4-3

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Underground Injection Control

     EPA  and  40 state  primacy  programs will  continue  to maintain  regulatory
coverage of 293,000 injection wells.   The subset of Class V wells encompasses a
wide variety of different well  types  that  resist  uniform regulatory  treatment,
ranging from  radioactive  waste-disposal wells, service  station  and  industrial
drainage  and  disposal  wells,  to  irrigation  return  wells.     The  Agency  is
targeting its  initial efforts on  two  to five  "high-risk" Class V categories,
such  as automobile   service  station  wells  and  industrial  process  disposal
wells, based on their contamination potential.  Possible regulatory controls of
Class V practices could  range  in stringency  from outright banning,  closure,
permitting,   enforcement  and publication  of  best management  procedures,  to
outreach and education.

     Addressing  the  emerging  problem of   Class  V   wells   complements  and
reinforces  the  Agency's  efforts  in  regulating  the  principal  classes  of
injection  wells.     Class  II   (oil  and gas  production  and  storage-related
injection wells)  compliance evaluations will continue as  the  remaining states
complete  their first five-year cycle  of Class II  file reviews.  The program
will  emphasize  both  permitting  and  ensuring  compliance  with  permit  and
statutory requirements  of other UIC  categories,  particularly  Class I  and II.
Where  a  state does  not or cannot  respond  to  violations  in  a  timely and
appropriate manner, EPA will take enforcement action.

Ground-Water Protection

     In  1990,  EPA  will  emphasize  the  use  of  state  ground-water  protection
strategies  as  the  framework for  a  comprehensive  approach  to  protecting and
preserving ground-water resources.  EPA will  focus  on  expanding  the  capability
of  states to  address the total  range of activities that  protect ground water
from actual and potential sources of contamination, particularly those that are
not  Federally  regulated.    State  ground-water  protection  strategies  will
concentrate on integrating  states' protection  efforts with Federal programs to
assure compatibility between state and  Federal  activities.   In response to the
Agency's Agricultural Chemicals in Ground-Water Strategy,  a key  EPA initiative
in  1990,  ground-water protection  strategies  will serve  as the basis for state
efforts to  address  agricultural,  especially  pesticide,  contamination of ground
water.    Through  guidance   and  technical  assistance   from  both  the  Agency
ground-water  protection  and pesticides programs,  states will   be  developing
pesticide  management   plans that  provide   for   highly  tailored  prevention
measures  based on  area-specific  differences  in  ground-water  use,  value,  and
vulnerability.

     A  central feature of  a  comprehensive  ground-water protection  strategy
includes  activities  targeted   to  high  priority  ground-water  resources.    A
primary example of this type of targeting is  the protection of areas and fields
surrounding  wells  of  public  water   systems,   commonly known  as  wellhead
protection.     Thus,  in 1990,  EPA will assist states  in developing  wellhead
protection programs and incorporating  these  activities  into  the  implementation
of  their  ground-water  protection strategies.    The  Agency will continue  to
provide extensive  direct  assistance  to  states  in the delineation of  wellhead
protection areas.  In addition, EPA will work with states in the assessment of
specific  sources  of  contamination  and  the  development of  risk  management
strategies and options for multiple sources of ground-water contamination.

     In 1990,  EPA  will  also assist states in  building  and strengthening their
capabilities  in  the  area of ground-water  information  management.    EPA will
                                4-4

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implement  a  minimum  data  element  set  to  assure  that  ground-water  data
collected by or on behalf  of  the  Agency is comparable,  compatible,  and readily
accessible  to  Regional,  state, and local managers,  as well as  other Federal
agencies.   EPA will continue to enhance and modernize STORET and other EPA data
management  systems  to  make   them more   user-friendly and,  therefore,  more
available to a  larger number  of state  and local  ground-water decision-makers.
The Agency  will also continue  to  enhance and encourage the  use  of geographic
information  systems  as  a  means  of identifying  the  most  critical  sources  of
contamination in high priority ground-water protection areas.

Research and Development

     The Agency will  continue  to  focus  on research  of subsurface  transport and
fate processes  that  influence  ground-water  contamination.    In 1990,  research
will emphasize the processes by which the transportation of subsurface water is
facilitated  by  certain  chemical  solvents,  biological  transformations,  and
oxidation/reduction reactions  that focus on the  behavior of complex mixtures.
The results  of  the  research will allow better human  exposure assessments from
ground-water  contamination.    EPA  will  also  develop  an  integrated  research
effort focusing on new approaches  to  delineate and  manage  ground-water quality
within wellhead protection areas.

     The  research program will  continue  to  support  methods  development  to
detect  ground-water  contaminants,  understand  and  predict  their  behavior,
evaluate  the viability  and  cost-effectiveness   of  in-situ  restoration  as  a
clean-up alternative, and support UIC regulatory efforts.

     The  Agency  will   develop   data   on  the  chemistry   and •toxicology  of
disinfectants used  in place  of chlorine, primarily  ozone  and chloramine and
their  reaction  by-products.    EPA  anticipates that  in the  near  future  many
municipalities will  be  forced to begin using ozone and chloramine  as well as
combinations of the two  chemicals  for  drinking water  disinfection.   Currently,
very little is known about  either the  spectrum of  their  by-products during
disinfection or the toxicological properties of these chemicals and/or mixtures
of  chemicals.    Research  will begin  to  develop and  validate biomarkers  to
quantify  exposure  and  effects,   with  particular   emphasis  placed  on  the
gastro-intestinal tract where  the first exposure  to  chemicals occurs.
                                4-5

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                                DRINKING WATER
                                   Actual
                                    1988
           Current
          Estimate
            1989
           Estimate
             1990
          Increase
          Decrease
           1990 vs.
             1989
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES

Incremental Outputs

UIC Permit Determinations
 - for existing and new
   facilities, by primacy
   states	
 - for existing and new
   facilities, by EPA	

UIC MIT Testing	

UIC File Review	

Enforcement Actions - PWS:
 Inspections	
 Notices of Violation	
 Administrative Orders....
 Civil Litigation (new)...
 Criminal Litigation	

Enforcement Actions - UIC:
 Inspections	
 Notices of Violation	
 Administrative Orders....
 Civil Litigation (new)...
 Criminal Litigation	

Cumulative Outputs

 PWS Primacy States	
 UIC Primacy States (full
  and partial programs).. ,
 Designated Sole Source
  Aquifers	
 8,014

   582

25,736

24,896
   n/a
   258
   161
     9
     0
74,592
   n/a
    93
     4
     0
    54

  33/6

    48
 6,539

   590

28,226

12,750
   n/a
   358
   285
     8
     0
60,382
   n/a
   108
     4
     0
    54

  35/5

    56
 6,539

   590

28,226

12,750
   n/a
   354
   285
     8
     0
60,382
   n/a
   123
     4
     0
    54

  36/4

    60
  0

  0

  0

  0
 -4
  0
  0
  0
  0

+15
  0
  0
  0

  0

 +4
                                 4-6

-------
Research and
Development

-------
                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                            1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents
DRINKING WATER

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   Drinking Water Research 	   4-7
      Scientific Assessment	4-11
      Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 	   4-12
      Health Effects 	   4-13
      Environmental Engineering and Technology 	   4-15
      Environmental Processes and Effects	4-16

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                                                     DRINKING WATER
                                              Drinking Water Research

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment -
Drinking Water
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                       TOTAL
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Drinking Water
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                       TOTAL
Health Effects -
Drinking Water
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                       TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Drinking
Water
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                       TOTAL
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Drinking
Water
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
$450
$294
$745
$1,
$1,
$3,
$3,
$4,
$8,
$3,
$2,
$5,
$1,
$3,
657
569
227
312
970
282
092
092
184
554
404
.2
.9
.1
.9
.3
.2
.0
.9
.9
.2
.7
.9
.4
• 6


$2
$1
$3
$2
$3
$6
$3
$1
$5
$1
$3
$477.6
$296.8
$774.4
,150.8
,747.3
,898.1
,971.7
,934.9
,906.6
,263.7
,961.1
,224.8
,584.8
,424.1
$436
$271
$708
$2,
$1,
$3,
$2,
$3,
$6,
$3,
$1,
$5,
$1,
$3,
145
747
892
947
834
782
179
957
137
584
424
.2
.8
.0
.5
.3
.8
.9
.9
.8
.9
.5
.4
.8
.1


$2
$1
$4
$3
$3
$6
$3
$1
$5
$1
$4
$513.
$271.
$784.
,351.
,747.
,098.
,228.
,534.
,763.
,459.
,960.
,419.
,958.
,224.
0
8
8
2
3
5
8
9
7
5
3
8
0
1
                                                        $76.8

                                                        $76.8
                                                       $205.7

                                                       $205.7
                                                       $280.9
                                                      -$300.0
                                                       -$19.1
                                                       $279.6
                                                         $2.8
                                                       $282.4
                      TOTAL   $4,959.0   $5,008.9   $5,008.9   $6,182.1
                                                       $373.2
                                                       $800.0

                                                    $1,173.2
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development

Drinking Water
Research
       $10,066.7  $10,448.6  $10,294.3  $11,510.5    $1,216.2
       $12,332.4  $11,364.2  $11,235.6  $11,738.4      $502.8

TOTAL  $22,399.1  $21,812.8  $21,529.9  $23,248.9    $1,719.0
                                        4-7

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                                ACTUAL
                                 1988
                 DRINKING WATER
             Drinking Water Research

        ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
         1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                     1989               1990 VS 1989
PERMANENT WORKYEARS

Scientific Assessment -
Drinking Water

Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Drinking Water

Health Effects -
Drinking Water

Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Drinking
Water

Environmental Processes
& Effects - Drinking
Water

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS

TOTAL WORKYEARS

Scientific Assessment -
Drinking Water

Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Drinking Water

Health Effects -
Drinking Water

Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Drinking
Water

Environmental Processes
& Effects - Drinking
Water

TOTAL WORKYEARS
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
  9.1
 28.3
 61.3
 59.9
 27.2
185.8
  9.4
 28.3
 65.6
 61.9
 30.1
  9.0
 37.9
 58.3
 57.8
 29.3
192.3
  9.0
 37.9
 58.3
 57.8
 29.3
  8.0
 37.9
 58.3
 56.4
 29.3
189.9
  8.0
 37.9
 58.3
 56.4
 29.3
  8.0
 37.8
 58.2
 56.3
 29.2
189.5
  8.0
 37.8
 58.2
 56.3
 29.2
-.1
-.1
-.1
-.1
- .4
-.1
-.1
195.3      192.3      189.9      189.5

     4-8
-.1
                                     -4

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                                   DRINKING WATER


                              Drinking Water Research


                           Principal Outputs by Objective
Objective 1:  Develop Drinking Water  Standards  Based on Health Effects Through
Risk Assessment Studies

1990:  o     Develop supporting  documentation for health  advisories and
             criteria documents (Scientific Assessment)
       o     Report on the mechanistic approaches to assess the interactions of
             drinking water contaminants (Health)
       o     Report  on  cancer  risks  associated  with  the  disinfection 'of
             drinking water (Health)

1989:  o     Develop  health  advisories  and  criteria  documents  (Scientific
             Assessment)
       o     Report   on   the   carcinogenic   and   reproductive   effects   of
             disinfectants/by-products (Health)
       o     Report  on  cancer  risks  associated  with  the  chlorination  of
             drinking water. (Health)
       o     Report on the chemistry and toxicology of chlorinated hydroxyfura-
             nones (Health)

1988:  o     Update  and  finalize  19  Phase  II  chemicals  and  14  Phase  V
             chemicals (Scientific Assessment)
       o     Report on  target organ toxicity  of disinfectants  and disinfectant
             by-products (Health)
       o     Report on  target organ  toxicity  of  chemicals tested  for
             health advisory development (Health)

Objective 2:  Provide Engineering Technologies and Monitoring Data for Drinking
Water Standards

1990:  o     Report on lead leaching from water  faucets (Engineering)
       o     Develop  and  verify   Legionella  inactivation  data  for  public
             plumbing systems (Engineering)

1989:  o     Report  on   radiation  methods  validation   and   intercomparison
             studies program  for  drinking water  radiation quality  assurance
             (Monitoring)
       o     Provide systems performance procedures  for on-site evaluation and
             certification   of   drinking   water   monitoring   laboratories
             (Monitoring)
       o     Report on  pilot plant disinfection and  disinfection  by-products
             with ozone combined with  chloramines and chlorine (Engineering)
       o     Report on treatment techniques to  remove  radon from  small water
             supplies (Engineering)
                                4-9

-------
      1988:   o     Final standardized methods for synthetic organic chemicals and
                   pesticides for the underground water  survey  (Monitoring)
             o     Internal  report  on   in-house  pilot  studies  for  control  of
                   disinfectant by-products  (Engineering)

      Objective 3:   Provide Scientific  Methods  and Data  for  Protection of  Ground-
      Water Resources
      1990:
      1989:
\
      1988:   o
Report on ozonization products in drinking water  (Environmental
  Processes)
Provide improved  methods  for predicting contaminant  movement  and
transformation (Monitoring)
Develop laser-induced fluorescence for monitoring  groundwater  by
fiber optics (Monitoring)

Report on sources  of variability  affecting  groundwater monitoring
data (Monitoring)
Report  on  fiber  optics  for  monitoring groundwater  contaminants
(Monitoring)
Report  on   impacts   of   unregulated   sources  of   groundwater
contamination   in  wellhead  protection   areas   (Environmental
Processes)

Evaluate and  develop of  laser-induced fluorescence  for
monitoring   groundwater   contamination  using   fiber   optics
(Monitoring)
Report on in-situ  restoration of an aquifer contaminated with
halogenated organic contaminants  (Environmental Processes)
Report on hydro chemical  characterization of a saline  aquifer used
for waste disposal (Environmental  Processes)
Report on the occurrence of synthetic chemical  constituents  in
Distribution and Marketing sludge  products  (Health)
                                      4-10

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                                   DRINKING WATER
                              Drinking Water Research
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total of $23,248,900 supported by 189.5 total work-
years  for 1990,  an  increase  of  $1,719,000  and a  decrease of  0.4  in  total
workyears from  1988.  Of the request, $11,510,500 will be  for  the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $11,738,400 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation, increases of $1,216,200 and of $502,800,  respectively.

Program Objectives

     The Drinking Water research program provides support to States and the EPA
Office  of Drinking Water  (ODW)  in  implementing the  Safe Drinking  Water Act
(SDWA). This program consists of the following objectives:

     Objective 1:   Provide  Scientific Basis  for  Drinking Water  Standards.
Research in this activity provides health assessment information to support the
Office  of Drinking Water  in  revising  regulations  to  control drinking  water
contaminants under  the  SDWA.   The health  research program also assists States
in  ascertaining causes  of  outbreaks from waterborne infectious  diseases .and
determining the hazard to humans from exposure to infectious agents
through drinking water.

     Objective  2:   Provide  Engineering  Technologies and Monitoring Data for
Drinking  Water   Standards.     Research  supporting   this   objective  provides
analytical procedures  to monitor  drinking water  contaminants.   In addition,
engineering research will evaluate treatment processes and costs to support ODW
regulatory decision-making.

     Objective  3:    Provide  Scientific  Methods  and  Data  for Protection  of
Ground-Water  Resources.   Work in this  category will  provide the  scientific
basis  for  the protection of  underground  drinking water sources  to implement
Section  1421  and 1414  of  the  SDWA.   These  efforts are  coordinated with the
Pesticides and Hazardous Waste Programs.


SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $784,800 supported by 8.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $513,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation   and   $271,800   will  be   for  the   Research  and  Development
appropriation.   This  represents  an increase  of $76,800  in the  Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation,  with  no  change  in  the  Research  and  Development
appropriation  and  total workyears.  The  increase  in   Salaries   and  Expenses
reflects increased personnel and support costs.
                                4-11

-------
     Provide  Scientific  Basis  for  Drinking Water  Standards.   This  program
provides quantitative health  risk  assessments,  from  exposure to drinking water
contaminants,  for  the  development  of drinking water  standards.    It includes
review  and   disposition   of  comments   received   for   drinking  water  health
assessment/criteria  documents on  Phase  IV,  V,  and VI  chemicals,  continuing
documentation for the health advisory programs,  providing technical support and
assistance to  regions  and states;  maintaining state-of-the-art methodology for
assessment of potential  risk to  human health from exposure  to  constituents
found in drinking water.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the Agency  is  allocating  a  total  of  $708,000  supported  by 8.0
total workyears  for this  program,  of which $436,200 is  from  the  Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $271,800  is  from  the  Research   and  Development
appropriation.

     In  1989,  this  program  will  finalize  documentation  for  14  Phase  V
chemicals, initiate  criteria documents on  8  Phase  VI  chemicals.  Respond to
comments on  Phase  II documents,  finalize criteria on  3  Phase  IV chemicals and
assess typical mixtures found in drinking water as a  result of the disinfection
process.   The  program  will also  provide  technical  support  to   regions  and
states.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $745,100 supported by 9.4 total
workyears  for  this  program,  of  which  $450,200 was  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation and $294,900  was  from  the  Research  and  Development
appropriation.

     Major accomplishments  included the finalization  of documents on the Phase
II chemicals, preparation of the external review draft documents on the Phase V
chemicals and the revision  (following QA/QC review) of health advisories of
30 unregulated VOCs listed under Section 1445 SDWA.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total   of  $4,098,500  supported  by  .37.8  total
workyears for  this program, of which $2,351,200 will be for  the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and  $1,747,300 will be. for  the  Research and Development
appropriation.  This represents an increase of $205,700 in the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation,   no   change  in   the   Research  and   Development
appropriation,  and an reduction  of  0.1 in  total  workyears.   The  increase in
Salaries  and Expenses reflects  increased personnel  and support  costs.   The
workyear  reduction  reflects a  consolidation of  resources  for the  Regional
Scientist Program within the Interdisciplinary Media.

     Provide  Engineering  Technologies and Monitoring  Data for  Drinking Wate«
Standards.   This  activity will continue  to  provide analytical  procedures for
                               4-12

-------
use  by  the  Agency,  states  municipalities  and  system  operators  to  monitor
contaminants to  assure  compliance with  Maximum Contaminant  Levels (MCLs)  (Sec.
1401 of  the  SDWA).   The program will provide system performance procedures for
on-site   evaluations   and   certification   of   drinking   water   monitoring
laboratories.  Quality  assurance activities  will continue  for  all  offices and
laboratories involved in data collection.

     Provide  Scientific  Methods   and   Data  for  Protection  of  Groundwater
Resources.   Research  will  provide  both  technical  information and  improved
methods for predicting contaminant movement and transformation to better assess
human  exposure  from groundwater  contamination.   Research  includes evaluating
identification   and  assessment  technologies   for   improving  injection  well
practices, assessing fluid  movement from injection wells and developing laser
induced fluorescence for monitoring groundwater by fiber optics.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency  is  allocating  a total of $3,892,800 supported by 37.9
total workyears  for  this  program, of which $2,145,500  is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $1,747,300   is  from  the  Research  and  Development
appropriation.

     In  1989, the  monitoring program is expediting methods  validation work to
meet the new drinking water regulations  for organic chemical contaminants.  The
program provides  analytical  procedures  to monitor  drinking water contaminants
including  development  of procedures  for analysis  of  radioactive contaminants
and improved coliform analysis methods.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency obligated  a  total  of  $3,227,200 supported  by 28.3
total workyears  for  its monitoring  and quality assurance  program  in  drinking
water, of which $1,657,900 was from the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$1,569,300 was from  the Research and Development appropriation.

     In  support  of  the  revised National Primary  Drinking Water  Regulations
(NPDWR) ,   chemical   and   microbiological   methods   were   developed   and/or
standardized for the determination of volatile, semi-volatile, and non volatile
organic compounds, coliform bacterial contamination, radionuclides,  and
groundwater  contamination.     Interlaboratory   comparisons  were  performed  to
assess  the performance  of   chemical  microbiological methods  for  analysis  of
contaminants  regulated  under.  NPDWR  and  laboratories  were certified  to  do
drinking  water   analysis.    Quality  assurance  support  was  provided  for EPA,
State, Regional,  and contract laboratories.


HEALTH EFFECTS

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total   of $6,763,700  supported  by  58.2  total
workyears  for this  program,   of  which $3,228,800 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,534,900 will be  for the  Research  and Development
appropriation.    This  represents an  increase  of $280,900   and a  decrease  of
                                4-13

-------
$300,000,  respectively.   An reduction of 0.1 workyear  was made.   The increase
in  Salaries  and Expenses reflects  increased personnel and  support  costs.  The
decrease  in  the  Research and Development appropriation reflects the completion
of  toxicological  testing  on  the  major  set  of  chemicals  identified  for
regulation under the  SDWA.   The workyear reduction reflects a consolidation of
resources  for  the Regional  Scientist  Program  within the  Interdisciplinary
Media.

     Provide  Scientific  Basis  for  Drinking  Water  Standards.    The  health
research  program will  support  the  ODW  in  its effort to  develop recommended
drinking  water Maximum  Contaminant Level  Goals  (MCLGs)  and MCLs  for  twelve
disinfectants and more  than eighteen types  of disinfection by-products will be
considered.   In response to  the  Safe Drinking Water Act  Amendments,  research
will  be  conducted  to  isolate,   identify,   synthesize  and  characterize  the
toxicological  effects  of  major  disinfectant  by-products   that  present  the
highest probable health risks.

     Heavy focus has been placed on the effects of disinfectants to be used as
an  alternative  to  chlorine, such as ozone  and  chloramine,  individually and in
combined  mixtures.  Research will begin to  develop and validate biomarkers to
quantify  exposure  and  effects,  particularly  on  the  gastrointestinal  track
where the  first exposure to chemicals occurs.

     Risk  extrapolation methodology will  be developed for  determining  human
exposure  to  chemical  mixtures as  they occur  in  source  waters  for  drinking
water.   Epidemiology studies  will  continue  to be conducted to  determine  the
association  between  the  use  of  disinfectants   and  chronic  health  effects
(cancer and cardiovascular disease).

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the Agency  allocating a  total  of $6,782,800  supported  by 58.3
total workyears for this program, of which $2,947,900 was from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $3,834,900  was  from  the  Research  and Development
appropriation.

     The  research  program supports the  Office  of Drinking Water's  efforts to
develop maximum contaminant levels and health advisories for specific chemicals
found  in drinking water.   The effort  develops toxicological  data  to support
development of maximum  contaminant  level goals  and fill gaps for the first set
of  83 contaminants for  which  regulations are required.   This includes research
on  disinfectants, and other organic and inorganic contaminants.   Other research
is being conducted to improve risk extrapolation methods.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency  obligated a  total of  $8,282,900 supported  by 65.6
total workyears  for  its monitoring  and  quality assurance program  in  drinking
water, of which $3,312,000 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$4,970,900 was from the Research and Development appropriation.

     Several of  the  major accomplishments  were:   a  report  on  target  organ
toxicities  for  chemicals  evaluated  for   drinking  water  health  advisories;
report  on the  analysis  of  nongenotoxic  liver  cancer   from  drinking  water
                                4-14

-------
contaminants  and research determining  genotoxic  effects of  organic chemicals
in  drinking water  for  incorporation  into MCLGs;  a report  on research  that
determined  target  organ  toxicities  of  disinfectants  and  disinfectant  by-
products required under the Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments;  and a report on
an  epidemiological  determination of health  hazards associated  with low-level
occurrence of viruses.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total   of  $5,419,800  supported  by  56.3  total
workyears  for  this program, of which $3,459,500 will be for  the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and  $1,960,300 will be  for  the  Research and Development
appropriation.   This represents  an  increase  of  $279,600 in  the  Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation,   with  an increase  of  $2,800   in  the  Research  and
Development  appropriation  and  an decrease  of  0.1  in  total  workyears.   The
increase  in Salaries  and  Expenses  reflects  increased  personnel  and  support
costs.   The workyear reduction reflects  a consolidation of resources  for the
Regional Scientist Program within the Interdisciplinary Media.

     Provide Engineering  Technologies and Monitoring  Data for  Drinking Water
Standards.    This program will provide  evaluation of processes  for removal of
volatile organic compounds  (VOCs),  pesticides,  and radionuclides  for  setting
standards  and  implementing  regulations.    It  will  provide  information  on
treatment  systems  performances and costs  to  permit cost-effectiveness analyses
of  proposed treatment systems.   The  program also  focuses  on  evaluations  of
disinfectant effectiveness  and  factors  contributing  to microbial deterioration
of  water quality  in distribution systems.  Research emphasizing  technologies
especially adaptable to small systems are being performed.

1989 Program

     In  1989, the  Agency  is allocating  a  total of $5,137,400  supported by 56.4
total workyears  for  this  program, of which $3,179,900  is from  the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation  and $1,957,500 is  from the  Research  and  Development
appropriation.

     Research  is  evaluating treatment  processes  and  costs  to   support  ODW
regulatory decision-making.  Cost data is being compiled for unit processes to
do  cost-effectiveness  analyses  of proposed  treatment  systems.   Factors which
contribute  to  deterioration of  water  quality  in  distribution   systems  and
methods  for  control  are  being  investigated.     Research work  emphasizing
technology particularly adaptable to  small systems is also being performed.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency obligated   a  total  of  $5,184,900  supported  by  61.9
total workyears for this program,  of  which $3,092,200 was from  the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation  and  $2,092,700  was from  the Research and  Development
appropriation.

     Several  of  the more   significant  accomplishments  were:    a report  on
                                4-15

-------
treatment  techniques  to  remove radon from small water  supplies;  a pilot study
for  control   of  disinfection  by-products;   and  studies  on   the   role  of
assimilable  organic  carbon  in  coliform compliance   and  composite  coliform
sampling at filtration plants.


ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of   $6,182,100  supported  by  29.2  total
workyears  for  this program, of  which $1,958,000 will be for  the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and  $4,224,100 will be  for  the  Research and Development
appropriation.   This represents  an increase  of  $373,200 in the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation,   and  an increase  of  $800,000  in  the  Research  and
Development appropriation.  The  total workyears  are  decreased  by 0.1 FTE.  The
increase  in Salaries  and  Expenses reflects  increased personnel  and  support
costs.   The increase  of  the Research and Development appropriation reflects an
enhancement  of  the  wellhead  protection program.    The  workyear  reduction
reflects a consolidation of resources for the Regional Scientist Program within
the Interdisciplinary Media.

     Provide  Scientific  Methods  and Data  for  Protection  of  Ground  Water
Resources.   This  program  will  focus on methods development  and studies  of
surface transport and fate processes.  Research studies will be conducted on
in-situ aquifer  restoration techniques  which  may potentially  lead to  a more
cost-effective cleanup of aquifers. This  work is coordinated with the Hazardous
Waste and Pesticides Programs.

     Research will provide field evaluation of movement and transformation of
wastes from underground  injection wells.  Joint  studies will be conducted with
the People's Republic of China in the area of transport and fate of groundwater
contaminants.   The  program  will provide   technical assistance  for the  Wellhead
Protection  Program,  major  technology transfer  programs and  support  for the
Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the Agency  is  allocating a total of $5,008,900  supported by 29.3
total workyears  for this  program,  of which $1,584,800  is from  the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $3,424,100   is  from the  Research  and  Development
appropriation.

     Research is focused on developing and improving methods for predicting the
impacts of  contamination on underground  sources  of  drinking water  as  well as
providing  for  information transfer  for  the  International Groundwater  Modeling
Center. The program is  determining the  cost-effectiveness of  in-situ  aquifer
restoration techniques  and •supports the Underground  Injection  Control  (UIC)
program by studying the  fate  and transport of  wastes in and from the injection
zone.   The Wellhead  Protection  Program is  providing  a study  of  unregulated
sources and how they affect wellhead protection areas.
                                4-16

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1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency  obligated  a  total of  $4,959,000 supported by  30.1
total workyears for this program, of which $1,554,400 was from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $3,404,600  was  from  the Research  and  Development
appropriation.

     Among  the  accomplishments were:   a  report  on in-situ restoration of an
aquifer  contaminated  with halogenated  organic contaminants,  and a  report on
hydrochemical characterization of a saline aquifer used for waste disposal.
                                4-17

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Abatement
and Control

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents
DRINKING WATER                                                          4-1

ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
   Drinking Water Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 	   4-18
      Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 	   4-20
      Drinking Water Implementation	4-22
   Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance	4-25
      Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants	4-26
      Underground Injection Control Program Grants 	   4-28
      Special Studies and Demonstrations 	   4-30
   Drinking Water Management 	   4-32
      Public Water Systems Supervision Program Assistance	4-34
      Underground Injection Control Program	4-36
Ground-Water Protection	4-39

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                                                    DRINKING WATER
                                   Drinking Water Criteria,  Standards & Guidelines

                                 ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                  1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                        1989               1990 VS 1989
 PROGRAM
                                                (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
 Criteria,  Standards &
 Guidelines
  Salaries  & Expenses
  Abatement Control and
  Compliance
        $7,149.5   $4,859.0   $4,857.4   $5,325.6
        $9,256.6   $7,188.7   $7,188.7   $7,138.0

TOTAL  $16,406.1  $12,047.7  $12,046.1  $12,463.6
Drinking Water
Implementation
  Salaries & Expenses
  Abatement Control and
  Compliance
                        TOTAL
                   $2,671.4   $2,665.9   $3,190.1
                   $2,714.3   $2,639.3   $4,639.3

                   $5,385.7   $5,305.2   $7,829.4
                                 $468.2
                                 -$50.7

                                 $417.5
                                 $524.2
                               $2,000.0

                               $2,524.2
 TOTAL:
  Salaries & Expenses
  Abatement Control and
  Compliance
        $7,149.5   $7,530.4   $7,523.3   $8,515.7
        $9,256.6   $9,903.0   $9,828.0  $11,777.3
 Drinking Water         TOTAL  $16,406.1  $17,433.4  $17,351.3  $20,293.0
 Criteria, Standards &
 Guidelines
                                 $992.4
                               $1,949.3
                                                     $2,941.7
 PERMANENT WORKYEARS
 Criteria, Standards &
 Guidelines

 Drinking Water
 Implementation

 TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
           107.6
           107.6
 70.0
                       42.0
112.0
 70.0
            41.9
111.9
 70.0
            45.9
115.9
              4.0
4.0
                                         4-18

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                                                   DRINKING WATER
                                  Drinking Water Criteria,  Standards & Guidelines

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
TOTAL WORKYEARS
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Criteria,  Standards &
Guidelines

Drinking Water
Implementation
116.8
 70.0
            42.0
 70.0
            41.9
 70.0
            45.9
              4.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
116.8
112.0
111.9
115.9
4.0
                                        4-19

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                                     WATER
                                DRINKING WATER
               Drinking Water Criteria, Standards and Guidelines


Budget Request

     The  Agency requests  a  total of  $20,293,000  supported by  115.9  total
workyears  for  1990,  an  increase  of  $2,941,700 from  1989.    Of the  request,
$8,515,700 will be  for the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation and $11,777,300
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation,  an increase of
$992,400 and $1,949,300 respectively,  and 4.0 total workyears.


CRITERIA. STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency requests  a  total  of  $12,463,600 supported by  70.0  total
workyears  for  this  program, of  which  $5,325,600 will  be for  the  Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $7,138,000 will be  for the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance  appropriation.    This  represents  an  increase  of  $468,200 in the
Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation,  a  decrease  of $50,700  in  the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation,  and no change in  total workyears.

     During 1990,  EPA's   first  priority  will be  development of the  remaining
National  Primary  Drinking  Water Regulations (NPDWRs)  specifically listed by
name in the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). Amendments.   These include standards
for inorganic  and organic chemicals,  pesticides  and radionuclides.   Proceeding
from  the 1989  proposals  for these rules,  the  program  will work  to  finalize
standards  and  support the  legal  defense  of the filtration,  lead  and coliform
NPDWRs promulgated  in 1989.  Meanwhile,  work begins on NPDWRs for  disinfection
by-products and 25  or more contaminants from the  53  on the  1988  contaminant
regulatory  list.    Determining  NPDWRs   for  disinfectant  chemicals and  their
reaction  by-products  will require a balance between the degree of protection
against pathogenic  microorganisms  and the goal  of  keeping exposure to chronic
health  risks   at  a  minimum.    To  achieve this  balance the  most   precise and
thorough  chemical,  toxicological  and  engineering  data  base will  need  to be
assembled.   Development  of the  accompanying technical criteria and  guidance
manuals  will  be   of  particular  importance,   given   the   intricacy  of  the
prospective rules and their widespread applicability.

     In  addition,  the National  Survey  of Pesticides  in Drinking  Water  Wells
will be completed,  providing valuable information  about  the  extent  of national
occurrence  by a  wide spectrum of pesticides  in  drinking  water   wells,  both
public and private.

1989 Program

     In 1989 the Agency is  allocating a  total of $12,046,100 supported by 70.0
total workyears for this  program,  of  which  $4,857,400  is from the  Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and $7,188,700  is  from  the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

                                4-20

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     The centerpiece  of 1989 standard-setting activity is  the  promulgation of
NPDWRs to  address  lead and  microbiological  contaminants.   The NPDWR for lead
includes  Maximum  Contaminant  Levels  (MCLs) for  lead and another  corrosion
product,   copper,   to  limit  their entry  into  the  distribution  system  and  a
treatment  rule  that addresses the distribution system itself.    Treatment,  in
the form of corrosion control  to  minimize  leaching  from plumbing materials, is
contingent  upon the  results  of  a  rigorous monitoring   regimen of  systems'
outlets for lead, copper and acidity.

     The risk of infectious  disease  is  addressed by two rules,  one a treatment
rule establishing requirements for surface source systems,  the other a revision
of the interim  coliform MCL, which prescribes routine  monitoring by all Public
Water  Systems  (PWSs)  for  general  microbiological  contamination.    Another
critical milestone  is proposal of the  remaining MCL Goals  and NPDWRs specified
by  the Amendments,  including  standards   for radon and   other  radionuclides.
Standards  for a number of  pesticides  now  in  use are  also being  developed.
Development  of  these  standards  is  expected   to  be  affected  by  the  1988
Amendments to  the  Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA),
which  provide  for  accelerated review  of  all registered  pesticides  on  a very
stringent  schedule.   In 1989,  this program is coordinating with the pesticides
program as it develops priority lists for these  reviews.

     Standards  for contaminants   listed in 1988 must  await completion  of the
statutory  list  of  83  contaminants.  The program is continuing  to assemble and
interpret  data  on  actual  or potential  contaminant  occurrence  and  health
effects in order  to assure maximum risk-reduction.  One  important data source
is the National Survey of Pesticides in Drinking Water  Wells,  conducted jointly
by  the drinking  water and  pesticides programs.    Another activity involves
conducting  selected  toxicological  studies for   four  to  eight  individual
contaminants to ascertain acute,  chronic and subchronic adverse health effects.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency  obligated   $16,406,100  supported  by  116.8  total
workyears  for  this  program,  of  which $7,149,500  was from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation and  $9,256,600 was   from  the  Abatement, Control  and
Compliance appropriation.   In 1988,  this  program  included both implementation
and standard  setting activities  that  were  divided beginning in  1989  between
Criteria,   Standards and Guidelines  and the  new Drinking  Water Implementation
program.

     The Agency proposed  a treatment technology NPDWR  for surface source PWSs
and microbiological MCLs,  both to combat waterborne pathogens.   The Agency also
published  a  required  list  of  contaminants  that will  be  candidates  for
regulation in 1991, including  pesticides and other  synthetic  organic chemicals
and compounds  created by  disinfection  processes of conventional  water system
treatment.    Accelerated     development  of  a  regulatory   strategy   to  reduce
waterborne lead resulted in a proposed lead regulation  including a lead MCL and
treatment  technique.    The NPDWR  for fluoride  became  effective and the public
notification regulation was  promulgated.   Sampling  and information collection
were conducted  for the National  Survey of Pesticides   in  Drinking Water Wells
and health advisories were prepared.

     The program undertook mobilization and technology  transfer activities such
as  the  National  Drinking Water  Hotline  and disseminated public information

                                4-21

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materials.    Numerous  public  events,   meetings,   and  briefings  were  held,
including the  first  "National Drinking  Water Week" and  the  release of special
public  service announcements  on lead  in drinking  water.    Revisions to  the
public  notice  requirements   were  promulgated.    PWS program  management  and
oversight increased as a result  of new  standards and new provisions (variances
and  exemptions)  to  enhance  compliance.   As  technical  issues developed  with
implementation of  the Underground Injection Control  (UIC) program,  EPA helped
to assure consistency through guidance and regulatory revisions.

     Other   activities   included   the   promulgation   of   (1)   eligibility
requirements for Indian  tribal authorities to be granted primary  enforcement
authority (primacy) for PWS and  UIC  regulations; (2)   procedures  for states to
revise their PWS primacy authority for new regulatory responsibilities; and (3)
revisions to UIC regulations specifying new monitoring requirements for Class I
wells.
DRINKING WATER IMPLEMENTATION

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $7,829,400  supported  by  45.9  total
workyears for  this  program, of which  $3,190,100 will be for  the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation  and $4,639,300  will be  for the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance  appropriation.    This  represents  an  increase  of  $524,200  in the
Salaries  and  Expenses   appropriation,  an   increase   of   $2,000,000  in  the
Abatement, Control  and  Compliance  appropriation, and an increase  of 4.0 total
workyears.   This increase represents additional program responsibilities  as a
result of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)  Amendments of 1986.

     The  Amendments  mandate  a  new,  comprehensive  level   of drinking  water
protection for regulators  and  the entire regulated community of 200,000 public
water  systems  (PWSs).   EPA and  state programs must  acquire  a new  style  of
interaction  with  the  regulated  Community  that  includes   marketing the  new
requirements to  get  the  absolute maximum  voluntary compliance  and  a  smooth
transition to a new, comprehensive regulatory framework.

     Additional  resources   will  be  used  to  provide  a   strong  lead  for
mobilization and technology-transfer activities  at Headquarters,  to ensure the
effort  will  extend  nationwide   throughout   all  levels  (states,  localities,
individual systems  and consumers).   Not only  will  materials, publications, and
audiovisual  presentations  be  developed  for  Regional  and  state  use,   but
Headquarters  will  also  work  with  national organizations with  grass-roots
support  to  maximize  coverage.   The drinking water  and wastewater treatment
programs will work  in concert  to provide financing and technology information
and  assistance  to  hard-pressed  small  communities,   building  on  outreach,
demonstrations,  and clearinghouse activities currently operating in each  of
these two programs.

     While mobilization is aimed  at  all the  institutions concerned about  safe
drinking  water,   instituting  a  new comprehensive  level   of  drinking  water
protection will depend mainly upon reaching and working with the vast number of
small community and non-transient systems.  Additional  resources   will also be
used to  provide  for  specific  assistance  to  small community and non-transient
systems.  Such assistance may  include  provision of "circuit riders" to assess
and work out particular  problems  in individual  systems.    Circuit  riders,  in
conjunction  with  an  additional Regional presence, will provide  assistance  to
                                4-22

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the  majority   of  the  38,000   small   community  and  20,000   non-transient
noncommunity  systems.  The  other components  of  assistance  include  training,
certification, and customized outreach and  technology-transfer activities.   To
the  maximum  extent   possible,   the  Agency  will  make    use   of  existing
communication frameworks with rural  communities,  such as the  U.S.  Department of
Agriculture's Soil Conservation Service and Extension Service, to better  reach
small systems.

     While new  ties  are being  established to  the regulated community,  there
will  also be  increased need to  provide  guidance,  implementation aids  and
briefing materials to our traditional clientele,  EPA Regional offices and  state
primacy  agents,   as  we  develop  National  Primary  Drinking  Water  Regulations
(NPDWRs) in 1989  and 1990.   In order to  minimize the burden  upon the regulated
community,    the   new   regulatory   framework   emphasizes   flexible
monitoring/reporting  (M/R)  requirements,   state  agency  discretion  and  new
regulatory devices to  bring state regulators into  closer  working relationship
with systems.   Among the new tools  states  may use to reduce systems'  routine
M/R burden are  "vulnerability assessments"  of ground-water  source  systems  and
sanitary surveys.

     In  1990,   Underground  Injection Control   (UIC)  program  oversight  will
emphasize  the  development   and  initial  implementation of  an  effective  and
flexible Class  V injection  control  strategy.   Reflecting  the multiplicity of
injection  practices  (32  major  types,   ranging  from   shallow   injection   of
industrial  wastes   to  sewage  disposal   to   irrigation   return   wells),   a
multifaceted regulatory strategy will be  developed using diverse  regulatory  and
control  tools  to  match the situation.    Class  V controls will likewise  be
prescribed according  to the potential risk  to  current and potential public
water supplies and other critical ground-water resources that these injections
pose.   Possible  controls  could  range  in  stringency  from  outright  banning,
closure, permit,  and/or enforcement actions via  UIC  authorities,  to  generic.
rules,  outreach  and informational activities  to promote  voluntary preventive
action.  The "mainstream" UIC oversight  and  supervision  program will begin to
absorb  and  integrate enhanced regulatory  controls on  Class I  injection,  the
deep-well injection of hazardous, industrial and municipal wastes,  pursuant to
both the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and  SDWA.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the Agency is allocating a  total  of $5,305,200  supported  by 41.9
total workyears for this program, of which  $2,665,900 is from the Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation and  $2,639,300  is  from  the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     In implementing a comprehensive  framework of new drinking water standards
and regulations,  priority attention  will be  targeted  towards contaminants such
as pathogenic microorganisms, lead and radionuclides that occur widely and pose
particular health risks.   New  standards are being finalized  or  proposed  for
each of these in 1989.

     The Agency  is  pursuing an  aggressive mobilization  strategy  during  the
transition period from promulgation of these rules to their effective dates, in
order to  achieve  as  much voluntary  compliance  as possible.   In  assuming this
task, the Agency  is expanding the development and dissemination  of information
and technical assistance.   Meanwhile, this  program maintains its  ongoing risk
assessment and advisory role within  the  framework of  a  fully integrated Agency
effort.  EPA is issuing two  important PWS program revisions, one governing  new
                                4-23

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state primacy authorities  and the other,  variances and exemptions.   Also,  the
first application by Indian tribal authorities is now being evaluated under the
1988 regulations for Indian PWS and UIC program primacy.

     The UIC program  is  a comparatively new regulatory framework   relative to
other Agency programs.   Therefore,  EPA and the  states are  both evaluating the
controls that  have been  imposed so far.    The UIC regulations  recognized  the
need for mid-course evaluation of  key  control provisions,  such as  mechanical
integrity testing and M/R  requirements, based  on EPA/state  experience.   As EPA
and the states work through  the  permitting/review of  existing Class II oil and
gas  industry  related wells,  we  are  reviewing  regulatory  requirements  and
revising  procedures  for  more  effective   oversight  of  injection  practices.
Another area of concern is the contamination potential of hundreds  of thousands
of  Class  V  injection wells.    The Report  to  Congress  on  the  contamination
potential of these wells revealed a serious potential for contamination of both
current  and potential   drinking  water sources.   EPA  has  embarked upon  an
initiative  to   prevent   contamination  through  a  multifaceted regulatory  and
outreach approach, consistent with the diversity and number of these practices.

1988 Accomplishments

     No funds were  obligated for this program in  1988.   This is a new program
element in 1989 that resulted from a division of implementation activities from
standard  setting  activities,  both of which  were  funded  in  the  Criteria,
Standards and Guidelines program element in 1988.
                                4-24

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                                                   DRINKING WATER
                                  Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

PROGRAM
Public Water Systems
Supervision Program
Grants
 Abatement Control and        $33,424.4  $33,450.0  $33,450.0  $40,450.0    $7,000.0
 Compliance
                       TOTAL  $33,424.4  $33,450.0  $33,450.0  $40,450.0    $7,000.0

Underground Injection
Control Program Grants
 Abatement Control and        $11,322.8  $10,500.0  $10,500.0  $10,500.0
 Compliance
                       TOTAL  $11,322.8  $10,500.0  $10,500.0  $10,500.0

Special Studies &
Demonstrations
 Abatement Control and         $2,999.9   $3,000.0   $3,000.0   $1,000.0   -$2,000.0
 Compliance
                       TOTAL   $2,999.9   $3,000.0   $3,000.0   $1,000.0   -$2,000.0


TOTAL:
 Abatement Control and        $47,747.1  $46,950.0  $46,950.0  $51,950.0    $5,000.0
 Compliance

Drinking Water State   TOTAL  $47,747.1  $46,950.0  $46,950.0  $51,950.0    $5,000.0
Program Resource
Assistance
                                       4-25

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                                     WATER
                                DRINKING WATER
               Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance


Budget Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total of  $51,950,000  for  1990,  an  increase  of
$5,000,000 from  1989.   All of  the request will be  for  the  Abatement,  Control
and Compliance appropriation.


PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS SUPERVISION PROGRAM GRANTS

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of $40,450,000 for this program, all of which
will  be  for  the  Abatement,   Control  and  Compliance  appropriation.    This
represents   an   increase  of $7,000,000.    The  increase  reflects  additional
program activities  resulting  from the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water
Act  (SDWA)  Amendments  of  1986.   EPA will  continue to use  a portion  of its
Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  appropriation  for  direct  implementation
activities, including travel.

     The  Public  Water  System  (PWS)  Supervision program will  emphasize  the
simultaneous  implementation  of a  comprehensive new  regulatory  framework  by
primacy  authorities and  the  current  compliance/technical  assistance  program
which  is  .designed  to  maintain  and  improve   the  level  of  drinking  water
protection.   The strategy is  to  build upon maximum compliance  with existing
standards  and  monitoring/reporting  (M/R)  requirements  in  order to make  the
transition to  a  new,  comprehensive level of protection  as smooth as possible.
State  grants  will  support  the  essential  elements  of  state compliance  and
technical  assistance  programs   as the states  oversee  compliance  with  the
existing and first  new standards  for volatile organic contaminants  (VOCs),  a
particular threat to  ground-water source systems.   Compliance activities will
include  the core  data-management activity  and  the  identification of,  and
immediate follow-up to, violations.  Primacy programs will pursue more involved
compliance  and   enforcement  activities,   implementing  voluntary  or  formal
compliance  schedules  under a  variety  of  administrative and  legal mechanisms
such  as negotiated settlements,  administrative  orders,  citations,  judicial
orders,  and variances  or exemptions.    States  will  also  conduct  quarterly
reporting  to  EPA focusing  on   responses  to  significant noncompliance  (SNC)
violations  as  well as  a growing number of program-sanctioned "vulnerability
assessments" of  ground-water  systems,  the  basis  on which  states  may  relax
chemical M/R requirements.

     Technical  assistance  activities   will  focus  on prevention measures  by
offering support  to systems  against  "backsliding"  into  noncompliance,  thereby
averting problems before they grow into  noncompliance.  Activities will include
reviews of  planned  system modifications; periodic  sanitary  surveys;  licensing
and  permitting  requirements, where state programs mandate  them;  and operator
certification   and   training.      Finally,  case-by-case   responses  to   the
contamination  of  water supplies and other emergency  situations will continue.
                                4-26

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Programs will  continue to maintain disease surveillance activities and liaison
with hazardous-substance  release  programs,  investigating disease outbreaks and
assessing the need for alternative drinking water supplies.

     In 1990, additional  support  to state programs  is  intended to help states
implement  new  requirements,   specifically  the  upgrading of   the  legal  and
administrative  authority  to  enforce  new  National  Primary  Drinking  Water
Regulations  (NPDWRs)  as  they  are  promulgated.  Beyond  upgrading their primacy
authorities,  state  programs  will  have  to  institute  a completely  revamped
laboratory  capability for  the  83  chemical,  radionuclide and  microbiological
parameters established under new NPDWRs.

     Additional support to  state  programs  serves two other objectives.  First,
the proposed increase is expected to "leverage" an even greater commitment from
state  authorities,  in the  form  of higher  state  program budgets,  innovative
program funding and/or  greater  regulatory  program  productivity.   The second
objective  is  to institute  mobilization and  technology-transfer activities at
the state  level.   An important element of this  effort will  be state-initiated
institutional innovations and compliance tools (and the state program resources
to  implement  them),  such as  rules  to  ensure  that  new   systems   are  self
sufficient  and  measures  to help existing  systems  find  the means  to become
self-sufficient  (such as consolidation with  viable  systems,  other cooperative
assistance, and/or creative financial assistance programs).

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $33,450,000 for this program,
all of which is from  the Abatement,  Control and Compliance appropriation.

     The  program   supports  54   state  primacy  programs,,  three  EPA  direct
implementation programs,  and programs on  Indian  lands that together constitute
the nationwide protection program.  The principal  task in 1989 is to transform
the regulatory  framework of  the  PWS Supervision  program while  minimizing an
increase  in system noncompliance  due  to  increased regulatory requirements.
EPA's strategy is to promote rapid state implementation of the new requirements
while  supporting  states  as  they  build  their  capacity  to  implement  a  new,
comprehensive regulatory  framework.   Integral to this  strategy is the need to
involve agencies  and constituencies beyond  EPA in  improving  understanding of,
and mobilizing  support  for,  enhanced protection of  drinking  water.   This will
be accomplished through technical assistance, training, information and support
to encourage  institutional change.   At  the same  time,  states are vigorously
pursuing  ongoing  violations  with  the   full  range  of  administrative  and
enforcement tools  at  their  disposal.   Consequently,  states must both maintain
their current high level of administrative and enforcement actions and meet the
new challenges while addressing the noncompliance problems of small systems.

     During  1989,  new NPDWRs  for  VOCs  become effective.    All PWSs  will be
responsible  for meeting  the  maximum contaminant  levels  (MCLs)  prescribed by
these new  regulations, although  small and very small  systems have an extended
period to monitor for them.

     Grant funds continue to be available  to Indian tribal authorities who are
in the process  of  qualifying  for PWS primary enforcement responsibility.   EPA
will  continue  to  use  grant  funds  to  support  its  direct  implementation
responsibilities, including travel.
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1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the Agency obligated a  total of $33,424,400 for  this   program,
all of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.

     States  continued  to supervise compliance  with the NPDWRs,  revised their
legal   authorities   to  accommodate   new  HCLs,    expanded   state  laboratory
certification capability,  and provided assistance  in monitoring for regulated
and  unregulated contaminants.   States    continued their  emphasis on  system
compliance,  using a combination  of technical  assistance  and enforcement  and
took  action against violations of drinking water standards.    States  began
implementing other changes  including   1)  new public notification requirements;
2) authorities to issue new 1-year exemptions, attendant enforceable compliance
schedules  and 3-year  "extensions" to compliance  deadlines;  and  3)  bans  on
lead-content plumbing materials which, if not enforced,  will  result in up to a
5  percent  withholding  of  the PWS   state  grant.   In  1988,  Indian  tribal
authorities  received  assistance  in  determining  eligibility for  development
grants consistent with forthcoming Federal regulations.

     The FWS grant funds continued to support the primacy programs of 54 states
and  territories  and  EPA  direct  implementation  program  activities  including
analytical  services, sanitary surveys, training,  disease surveillance,  on-site
technical activities,  and data management.


UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM GRANTS

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total of $10,50.0,000 for this program, all of which
will  be  for  the Abatement,  Control, and  Compliance  appropriation.    This
represents  no change from  1989.  These funds will support programs to protect
underground  sources  of  drinking  water   (USDW)  from  contamination  through
underground  injection  in all 57 states  and Territories, as well  as  on Indian
lands.

     In 1990,  EPA will  begin  implementing the  Class  V strategy  and  propose
regulations  designed to  control high  risk well categories identified  by such
characteristics as  contamination potential to Public  Water  Supplies  (PWSs),
well construction  and  the nature  and  volume of  the injection fluid.   Initial
regulations  will  focus on  Class  V wells,  such as  automobile service  station
wells  and  industrial  drainage  wells,  which have  been  determined  to  require
further control through permitting, closure,  or cleanup.   A one  million dollar
set-aside will be used to  fund  Class V demonstration projects and will provide
critical  information  needed  to   support  regulation   development  and  best
management procedures.

     Permitting, which enables states  (or EPA) to apply the general Underground
Injection Control (UIC) requirements to site-specific conditions, will continue
with new Class I wells,  the repermitting  of hazardous  waste Class I wells, new
Class  II  wells  and selected  Class  V  wells.  EPA and state  programs  will,  as
appropriate, revise existing UIC regulations for Class II wells  based on the
1988 and 1989 mid-course evaluations,  which focused on plugging and abandonment
procedures,  mechanical  integrity testing  and construction requirements..  EPA
and the states  will  continue Class II compliance evaluations as the remaining
states  complete  their first five-year cycle of  Class  II file reviews.   In
addition  to the  permitting  responsibilities,  EPA  and the  states will also
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witness mechanical  integrity tests,  inspect  and review plugged  and abandoned
wells, review  well  records,  and track compliance with regulatory requirements
and permit conditions.

     When necessary, administrative orders (AOs) and/or legal  actions  will be
initiated by state programs against owners/operators that significantly violate
UIC regulatory requirements.   This will  include preparing public notification
of violation and intent to issue AOs, and conducting public hearings.

     The  grant  funds  will  also  support technical  assistance  to  operators,
maintenance of inventory  data,  and regulatory changes  to   accommodate new EPA
requirements and guidelines.  The  Agency  will  provide grants to Indian tribes
working towards  primacy,  and will continue to  implement the program on Indian
lands and  in non-primacy states.   The Agency may  use a portion of the grant
funds for travel related to direct implementation activities.

 1989 Program

     In 1989,  the Agency is allocating a total of $10,500,000 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.

     These  funds support 35  full  and 5 partial  primacy  programs  to  protect
USDW from  contamination through underground  injection.   EPA uses  grant funds
allotted to  17  full non-primacy and  5  partial non-primacy  states  and Indian
lands to  support direct implementation activities.   The  top priority  for EPA
and  the  states  continues  to  be  permitting  of  new  Class  II  wells  and
repermitting of hazardous waste Class I wells.  Under existing regulations, EPA
is  increasing  efforts  to  bring enforcement  and/or regulatory action  against
Class V wells  which endanger USDW by  targeting  vulnerable areas  and high risk
Class V wells.   EPA is  revising the Class V regulatory strategy and developing
the Class V well demonstration initiative.

     Grant  funds also  support  surveillance  and compliance activities.   The
programs' primary means of surveillance  is  through field  inspections  and the
review  of  reports   submitted  by  operators.    This  requires  the program  to
maintain  an   effective  verification  effort  to  ensure  the  credibility  of
operators' data.  The  demonstration of an absence  of leaks through mechanical
integrity  testing   is  also  an  important   element  of  compliance.     Where
violations  are  evident,  appropriate  enforcement  action  is being  initiated.
States  will   emphasize  compliance  with  permit   conditions  by  increasing
inspections, mechanical integrity tests (MIT) and surveillance activities.

     During 1989, Indian  Tribes that are eligible  to  assume primacy may apply
for grants  to  establish a UIC program.   This includes conducting an inventory
to determine the number and types of wells to be regulated and establishing the
framework for  the permitting and enforcement programs.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the  Agency obligated  a total of $11,322,800  for this  program,
all of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.

     Grant funds supported 33 full  and 6  partial programs.   EPA implemented 24
Federal programs  supported in  part by the  grant  funds.   The states  and EPA
completed 8,596 permit  determinations  for new and  existing wells  and conducted
evaluations to determine  if  permit requirements were  being  met.   In addition,
mechanical integrity tests were conducted to ensure the integrity of the wells.
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The  states  and EPA also  focused on compliance activities  by increasing field
inspections  and  initiating  enforcement actions.   As  a result  of  a special
set-aside  in the  grants,  the  states  increased  their  activities  relating to
Class 1 and 11 wells.

     Other  activities  included the review of monitoring  reports,   maintenance
of  inventory data,  and the  initiation of  an  EPA Headquarters  Class  V well
regulatory  strategy to  control targeted,  high-risk  injection practices into
USDW, particularly those threatening PWSs.


SPECIAL STUDIES AND DEMONSTRATIONS

1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of $1,000,000 for this  program,  all of which
will  be  for  the  Abatement,  Control   and  Compliance  appropriation.    This
represents  a  decrease of  $2,000,000 from  1989.   This  decrease represents the
Agency's belief  that  the  state affiliates  should be  able to provide additional
funding through their organizational dues and training fees.

     This  program  supports  rural  water  training   and  technical  assistance
through  the National Rural  Water Association (NRWA)  and  its  35  independent,
nonprofit  State  Rural  Water  Associations  covering  36  states.   "Grassroots"
training and technical  assistance  is provided to  owners and operators of rural
water systems  to help  achieve  and maintain compliance with  the  Safe Drinking
Water  Act  (SDWA)  Amendments.    Owner/operator  training  which  enhances  the
delivery of clean, safe  drinking water by  rural water  systems  addresses the
operation  and  maintenance  of small water  systems and wells, monitoring and!
reporting,  record keeping,  water .regulations,  rates,  systems management and
distribution and  disinfection procedures.

     EPA  will  also  provide  funds to  Rural Community  Association   Projects
(RCAPs) which  complement the NRWA by  assisting  small public water systems to
improve  their  management  capabilities,  long term  planning,  rate  structures,
financial management  and SDWA compliance.   By conducting site visits to these
systems, RCAP  determines  technical  assistance  needs and develops  educational
programs to improve compliance.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency  is  allocating  a total of $3,000,000 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.

     EPA is  funding 35  independent,  nonprofit state  associations   covering 36
states  through  agreements with  the  NRWA.    These resources  support technical
assistance  to  rural water  systems in  such  areas as operations,  maintenance,
finance and management  to promote compliance with the  national drinking water
standards.   To be  eligible for a grant,  state  Rural Water  Associations must
provide direct training and technical seminars to small system owner/operators
and provide certificate training in cooperation with state primacy programs.

     In 1989, EPA is funding the six RCAPs  to assist small public water systems
in meeting  the  SDWA Amendments by improving the  management capabilities, rate
structures and financial management of these small water systems.   Through site
visits  to  rural  systems,  RCAP personnel determine technical assistance needs

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and develop  appropriate educational programs to  achieve the goal  of improved
compliance.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $2,999,900 for this  program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.

     The technical  assistance and training program  conducted by the NRWA and
its  32  affiliates  included  360  informational  seminars  for  operators  and
decision  makers,   119   technical  training   sessions,   33  jointly  sponsored
specialized  training sessions with  other state  and  Federal agencies,  and 36
problem solving sessions.  The  NRWA affiliates  made  8,282 technical assistance
visits during  this  period  to address  individual rural water  system problems
with  compliance,  operations  and  maintenance,  finance  and  management.  In
addition, the  NRWA helped the  Agency  to implement the Mobile  Home Park (MHP)
pilot  project  in  the  State  of  Texas  by providing  technical  assistance  and
guidance to MHP owners/ operators.

     In 1988, EPA supported six RCAP grants designed  to improve the management
capabilities and  financial management  of small  public  water systems.   These
funds  provided  management and  financial training and  assistance  to  60 small
systems covering  13 states.   RCAP  projects  included an  assistance program to
help small systems apply for loans and grants, a Resource Clearinghouse project
to compile all available  funds  within a state into a manual for small systems,
and  the  development of  training  information  and  manuals  for   small  water
systems.
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                                                   DRINKING WATER
                                              Drinking Water Management

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Public Water Systems
Supervision Program
Assistance
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
                       TOTAL
Underground Injection
Control Program
 Salaries & Expenses
                       TOTAL
$5,124.9
$10.0
$5,134.9
$5.783.2
$5,783.2
$5,128.7
$10.0
$5,138.7
$5,721.8
$5,721.8
$5,106.2
$10.0
$5,116.2
$5,702.1
$5,702.1
$5,939.6
$10.0
$5,949.6
$6,083.9
$6,083.9
$833.4
$833.4
$381.8
$381.8
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance

Drinking Water
Management
       $10,908.1  $10,850.5  $10,808.3  $12,023.5    $1,215.2
           $10.0      $10.0      $10.0      $10.0
TOTAL  $10,918.1  $10,860.5  $10,818.3  $12,033.5    $1,215.2
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Public Water Systems
Supervision Program
Assistance
           111.9
114.9
114.2
135.3
21.1
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                                                   DRINKING WATER
                                              Drinking Water Management

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
Underground Injection
Control Program

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
138.8
250.7
  (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

138.2      137.8      145.2
253.1
252.0
280.5
                         7.4
28.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Public Water Systems
Supervision Program
Assistance

Underground Injection
Control Program

TQTAL WORKYEARS
123.7
154.4
278.1
124.0
145.8
269.8
123.3
145.2
268.5
135.3
145.2
280.5
12.0
12.0
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                                     WATER
                                DRINKING WATER
                           Drinking Water Management
Budget Request
     The  Agency  requests  a  total of  $12,033,500  supported  by 280.5  total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $1,215,200 and 12.0 workyears from 1989.  Of
the request,  $12,023,500 will be  for  the Salaries and  Expenses appropriation
and $10,000 will be for the Abatement,  Control and Compliance appropriation, an
increase  of  $1,215,200 for  the  Salaries and  Expenses appropriation  and 12.0
workyears.


PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS SUPERVISION PROGRAM ASSISTANCE

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total of  $5,949,600   supported  by 135.3  total
workyears for  this program,  of which  $5,939,600 will be for  the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $10,000 will  be  for the  Abatement, Control  and
Compliance appropriation.    This  represents an  increase of $833,400  for  the
Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation,  no  change  to the Abatement, Control and
Compliance  appropriation,  and an increase  of  12.0  total workyears.    The
increase  in  Salaries  and  Expenses and  workyears will  ensure  the  successful
delegation  of  new regulatory requirements  to  the  states.    EPA's  biggest
priority  is  to work with  the  states  so  that  they accept primacy for the new
regulations,   implement the  new program  requirements,  and    enforce  existing
standards.

     EPA will use  additional resources to  increase emphasis  on the development
of  a  nationwide  mobilization framework  as well as  a delivery system  for
technology  transfer.     Regional   resources  will be  used  to  establish  the
essential link between the national and  state  levels,  actively encouraging the
states to take  on the  new role of "marketing" the new requirements  across the
entire regulated community and of  taking  an  active hand in  systems'  efforts to
establish self-sufficient  revenues  to  implement the new,  mandated  level of
protection.    The  Regions  will  disseminate materials and  develop  their  own
customized  materials,   as  appropriate;   conduct  seminars;   and  carry  out
videotaping  and   teleconferencing  sessions  with  an   eye  towards   maximum
"leverage"  through  the use  of   third  parties   that  will  generate  further
local-level contacts.

     The Regions will use  additional resources to institute  a program to reach
and  work  with   small   community   and   non-transient  systems,  supported  by
extramural  funding  provided  at   Headquarters.    Assistance  will  extend  to
demonstration projects with  regard to analytic methods,  treatment and storage,
and source assessment  and  protection.   A key component  will be to improve the
interaction between vendors  of package plants designed for small systems  and
the systems themselves,  since  small systems are  least  likely  to be  adept with
state-of-the-art technologies.

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     In the meantime,  the Regions will also use  increased resources to expand
their assistance to states in two areas:  1) adoption and execution of the lead
and  surface  water  treatment rule  (SWTR)  authorities,  and  2)  response  to  a
growing  number  of issues  arising  from  case-by-case  implementation of  the
microbiological  monitoring/reporting  (M/R)  and  volatile  organic  contaminant
(VOC)  requirements.    Implementation  of  the  two  new rules,  the  changes  in
routine  microbiological   monitoring,   and  the   first   new   standards   for
ground-water contaminants, the VOCs,  will generate  unavoidable demands for EPA
involvement and  technical assistance, particularly for the new procedures and
responses to specific  contamination incidents.   Key examples are  the lead and
SWTR requirements, which  stand to impact the very largest systems  to a greater
extent than the  other  rules.   These  systems, which may extend interstate, are
bound to involve EPA as well as state authorities.

     The Regions  will  supervise  states'  expansion  of  laboratory certification
programs  to encompass the  full  range  of regulated and  unregulated  toxic
chemicals,  radionuclides,  pesticides,  and microbiological parameters.   Where
the Regions have direct  implementation  responsibility,  they must  take  on the
states' expanded  duties directly.   In most cases,   this  involves  jurisdiction
over Indian water supplies.  The  Regions must both  supervise implementation of
new requirements for these systems  and work with Indian tribal authorities and
other jurisdictions  without primacy  to  develop supervision  programs  of their
own.  Finally,  the Regions will be managing a sharp increase  in compliance data
reported by the states  and continuing to maintain the  emphasis on  eliminating
significant noncompliance inventories.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the Agency is allocating a total of $5,116,200  supported by 123.3
total workyears for this  program,  of which $5,106,200  is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation   and  $10,000  is  from  the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     The preeminent task in 1989 is to transform the state regulatory framework
of  the  Public Water  System  (PWS)  Supervision  program,  while  minimizing any
increase in  system  noncompliance  caused by regulatory  requirements.   EPA's
strategy is  to promote timely  state  implementation of the  succession  of new
requirements and  to  support states  as they build  their  capacity  to implement
the  new  requirements.    New activities  range  from  disseminating  the  new
requirements for  protecting drinking  water supplies,  to  making consumers and
the regulated community more aware of the health risks  and the need to increase
monitoring, operator training and treatment efforts.

     To get the  best possible start on assuring compliance  with  the numerous
new and revised  standards that will become effective,  EPA and the states must
ensure maximum compliance with existing requirements.  To this end, Regions are
negotiating with primacy states to obtain annual compliance targets and working
with  the  states  to  maintain vigilant monitoring  of  systems'  compliance and
prompt,  thorough response  to violations.   In non-primacy  jurisdictions the
Regions are tracking  systems'  compliance  status, notifying them of violations
and laying the groundwork for any necessary enforcement actions.

     During 1989, new National Primary Drinking Water Regulations  (NPDWRs) for
VOCs  require  all PWSs  to be responsible for  meeting  the Maximum Contaminant
Levels (MCLs)  if and when unsafe levels are  found.   In  addition,  the Regions
are  to  supervise  state   adoption  of  critical  new  regulatory  requirements
promulgated during  1989 which consist of  a Microbiological MCL,   a NPDWR for
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lead and  corrosion control,  and a NPDWR  specifying treatment  technology  and
performance  for  surface  source  PWSs.   These requirements  are of  particular
importance by  virtue  of  the widespread  occurrence of  lead contamination  in
drinking. water and the particular vulnerability  of surface source  systems  to
pathogenic microorganisms such as Giardia and viruses.

     Pursuant to  the  new authorities making  Indian tribes eligible  to assume
primacy for  PWS Supervision responsibilities,  the Regions  are  assisting tribal
authorities  to   develop   primacy   prerequisites   and   make    the   necessary
applications.   The  Regions  then  review  and resolve  such applications  with
Headquarters.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the Agency  obligated  a total  of  $5,134,900 supported by 123.7
total workyears for this program, of which $5,124,900 was from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $10,000  was  from  the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     During  1988,  the  Regions supervised state adoption  of several  additional
statutory  requirements   designed   to  extend  public   health   protection  by
addressing specific chemical  contaminants.  The  fluoride rule  became effective
and  implementation of  the  VOC  NPDWRs  continued  as additional categories  of
community  and non-transient systems  undertook  monitoring according  to  the
staggered  schedule within  the  rule.   Regions worked  with primacy  states  to
incorporate  regulatory and  monitoring requirements needed  to enforce these and
other forthcoming standards and helped states with new analytical techniques to
meet additional laboratory certification requirements.

     In  promoting  further  gains   in   compliance  with  existing  regulatory
requirements,  the  Regions  continued   to   support  states   in   emphasizing
elimination  of all violations of the  NPDWRs,  using the full range of available
tools and escalating actions as needed.   Pursuant to the Agency's guidance, the
Regions  negotiated  quarterly  compliance  targets  with  the  states   for  the
reduction  of "significant  noncompliance"  with microbiological, turbidity andf
chemical MCL requirements.    The program  continued to  track  state  compliance
monitoring to find and help with problem  systems  and  respond  to contamination
of supplies  and waterborne  disease outbreaks.  Ongoing  assistance in response
to contamination  incidents  and all other  oversight, evaluation and management
tasks continued.
UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $6,083,900  supported by  145.2  total
workyears for this program, all  of  which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.  This represents  an  increase  of $381,800 and no change in total
workyears.  The increase  in Salaries  and Expenses reflects increased personnel
and support costs.

     In 1990, EPA will  continue  to  implement programs in 21 non-primacy States
(17 full  and 4 partial) and on  Indian lands  which do not have primacy.  Direct
implementation activities will include continuing to make permit determinations
as  well  as ensuring  adherence  to  permit   conditions and  other  regulatory
requirements.  A key objective will be to ensure more effective compliance and
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enforcement  through greater emphasis  on field  inspections and  surveillance.
The Agency expects  to  complete its five-year schedule  for  permitting Class II
wells  and continue  general program  management  of  contracts  and grants  for
program implementation activities, data management, and permit tracking.

     EPA  will  be responsible  for oversight of 36  full and 4  partial primacy
programs, with  South Dakota expected to receive  delegation under SDWA Section
1422.  EPA will  provide  technical assistance  to primacy states, evaluate state
efforts in implementing  their  programs,  and ensure that  the  programs continue
to  meet   the  minimum  regulatory  requirements.    The Agency  will  continue to
review  state  permits   to  ensure  that  the  permit  conditions  are  properly
enforced.     Other  oversight   activities   will   include  reviewing  state
noncompliance reports,  compiling  annual report data,  preparing state-specific
guidance  documents  and administering  the  Underground  Injection  Control (UIC)
state grant program.

     Regions will  assist  states  in implementing an effective and   flexible
Class  V   well  control  strategy  designed  to match  the  potential risk these
injection practices pose  to current  and potential  public  water  supplies  and
other  critical   ground-water    resources.   Possible  controls  could  range in
stringency from  outright banning, closure, permit,  and/or  enforcement actions
via UIC authorities.  Regions will advise states to initially address high-risk
Class V wells  (e.g.,  automobile service station  wells  and  industrial drainage
wells), defined  according to their intrinsic threat to underground sources of
drinking water  (USDW).  Using  updated  Class V inventory data,  the Regions will
continue  to  search  for Class IV wells and initiate  Immediate  closure.   As the
high risk wells are addressed,  the Agency will develop mechanisms to handle the
residual risk associated with the other categories of Class  V wells.

     Regions will review  applications  from Indian tribes  and determine whether
they  meet requirements  for  treatment as  a state  and  also  determine their
eligibility  for  primacy.    For those  Indian  tribes  applying for primacy,  the
Agency will review applications and provide guidance and grant assistance.  The
Regions will continue  to  implement  requirements for  Class I injection wells as
required  under  the Safe  Drinking Water Act  (SDWA)  and  subsequent regulatory
controls on deep-well injection of hazardous,  industrial and municipal waste in
direct  implementation  states,  and  monitor  the  requirements  addressed  by
primacy states.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,702,100 supported by 145.2
total  workyears for  this  program, all  of  which  is  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation.

     The  Agency continues to  implement Federal programs  in 22  non-primacy
states (17 full  and 5  partial) and on Indian lands.    Regions are negotiating
state  grant  workplans  and agreements  to    ensure   that  states  carry  out
quantifiable Class V activities, such as inspections and permitting.  This work
is designed to support the Agency in developing a regulatory strategy designed
to protect underground sources of drinking water from  high-risk  Class V wells
identified by  such factors  as proximity to  PWSs,  well  construction,  and the
nature and volume of the injection fluid.

     EPA  is  providing  oversight  and  technical  assistance  to 35 full  and  5
partial primacy programs.   Mississippi is expected to  receive delegation under
SDWA Section 1425 and Nevada under SDWA Sections 1422 and  1425.  EPA evaluates
                                4-37

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state efforts  to  implement their programs,  to  ensure that minimum  regulatory
requirements are met.  The Agency reviews state  permits to ensure that they are
issued in  accordance with approved state  programs  and that permit  conditions
are properly enforced.

     Following   the  mid-course   evaluations,    Regions   are   developing
state-specific  compliance evaluation  programs   for each  state  and   Federal
program as  it completes  the  first five-year cycle  of Class II  file reviews.
Regions continue  to  emphasize  permit determinations  and are responsible  for
ensuring  compliance  with  the  permit   requirements  by  conducting  on-site
inspections  and witnessing and  reviewing mechanical  integrity  tests.   Other
activities  include  the  development   of  site-specific  guidance,  maintaining
inventory data, and preparing annual reports.

     Regions  are  implementing  ambient  monitoring  requirements   for   Class  I
injection  wells,  as  required  under the  SDWA Amendments of   1986,  in  direct
implementation  states.    This  work also includes   the  review of requirements
addressed  in primacy states.   The  Regions are  providing assistance  to  Indian
tribes who are working toward assuming primacy.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the Agency  obligated a total of $5,783,200 supported by 154.4
total workyears  for  this program,  all  of  which  was from  the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation.

     The Agency implemented Federal programs in 24  states  and on Indian lands.
Direct implementation activities focused  on making  permit  determinations as
well  as   ensuring  adherence  to  permit   conditions  and  other   regulatory
requirements.

     Regional  activities  in  primacy  states included general  oversight  and
technical  assistance through  the   issuance  of   guidance  documents  or on-site
assistance.  Through quarterly reporting data,  the  Regions reviewed the states*
progress and took the necessary actions to ensure proper enforcement.

     During  1988,  the   EPA  began  conducting  mid-course  evaluations  of  key
control provisions  based on  Region/state experience with  regulating existing
Class  II   oil  and  gas   wells.    Regions  reviewed  and  revised  Class  V  well
inventories  and  assisted the  states in identifying  and taking  enforcement
action  against subcategories  of high risk, Class  V and/or  Class  IV  wells.
Regions also provided  assistance   to  Indian tribes  working towards assuming
primacy as authorized by the SDWA Amendments.
                                 4-38

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PROGRAM
                                                   DRINKING WATER
                                              Ground-Water Protection
ACTUAL
1988

ENACTED
1989

CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Ground-Water Protection
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
        $3,475.8
        $2,886.4
$3,821.9
$4,000.0
$3,827.7
$3,890.8
$4,442.0
$3,390.8
                       TOTAL   $6,362.2   $7,821.9   $7,718.5   $7,832.8
 $614.3
-$500.0

 $114.3
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance

Ground-Water
Protection
        $3,475.8   $3,821.9   $3,827.7   $4,442.0      $614.3
        $2,886.4   $4,000.0   $3,890.8   $3,390.8     -$500.0
TOTAL   $6,362.2   $7,821.9   $7,718.5   $7,832.8      $114.3
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Ground-Water Protection

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
            68.4

            68.4
    79.1

    79.1
    79.0

    79.0
    90.8

    90.8
   11.8

   11.8
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Ground-Water Protection

TOTAL WORKYEARS
            76.2

            76.2
    80.9

    80.9
    80.8

    80.8
    90.8

    90.8
   10.0

   10.0
                                       4-39

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                                     WATER
                                DRINKING WATER
                           Ground-Water Protection
Budget Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $7,832,800  supported  by  90.8  total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $114,300 and 10.0 total workyears over 1989.
Of the request, $4,442,000 will be for  the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and   $3,390,800   will   be   for  the   Abatement,   Control  and   Compliance
appropriation, an increase of $614,300 and a decrease of $500,000 respectively.


GROUND-WATER PROTECTION

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $7,832,800  supported  by  90.8  total
workyears for  this program,  of which  $4,442,000 will be for the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation  and $3,390,800 will be  for the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance  appropriation.   This  represents  an increase  of $614,300 and  a
decrease of  $500,000,  respectively,  and an increase of  10.0 total workyears.
The  increase in  Salaries and Expenses and  workyears reflects  the need for
additional personnel to assist states in the  development  and implementation of
comprehensive  ground-water protection programs.   The  decrease in Abatement,
Control  and  Compliance reflects  the  expected completion of  a  Congressionally
mandated study on point and nonpoint source pollution  in the Spokane-Rathdrum
Valley Aquifer.

     For  1990,  EPA will  issue guidance to the states  on the  refinement and
implementation  of  their  ground-water  protection  strategies.     Additional
resources will support  the Agency's efforts to  assist  states in developing and
carrying out approaches that address  the full range of actual/potential sources
of contamination  to their ground-water resources.   Working with  the Agency's
pesticides program, the ground-water protection  program will issue guidance to
assist  state water  agencies  in  developing hydrologic  aspects of pesticides
management plans which provide for protection methods tailored to area-specific
differences  in ground-water  use,  value and vulnerability -- a  key feature of
the Agency's Agricultural  Chemicals in Ground-Water  Strategy.   The Agency will
further  assist  states  in the development of pesticides management plans  by
conducting workshops  and  seminars  on the appropriate options  for preventing
pesticide contamination of ground-water.

     In  1990,  EPA will  promote  wellhead protection  efforts  by  encouraging
states  to incorporate  wellhead  protection programs  into  their  ground-water
protection strategies.  The  use of wellhead protection as a central feature of
EPA ground-water protection activities will promote consistency in policy among
EPA programs and provide  a  more  focused  approach  at state and local  levels.
The  Agency   will  continue  to assist  states in the  delineation   of  wellhead
protection areas  (WHPAs) and to enhance State capacity to both address specific
sources of contamination and develop  appropriate risk management strategies.

                                4-40

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     The  Agency  will  continue   its  efforts  to  ensure  that  relevant  data
collected  by  or  on behalf  of  EPA  is compatible,  comparable  and  readily
accessible  to  state, local  and  Federal  managers.    Specific activities  will
include  the  development  of  methods   for  translating   new  and  historical
ground-water data  into  an  automated form and the continuation  of enhancements
to STORET and other  EPA data bases.   EPA will  expand the  field of ground-water
data   collection  to   provide   for   both  the   establishment   of   standard
identification of  key  facilities and the digitalization  of  selected baseline
data, particularly for public water wells.  The Agency will enhance and promote
the use of geographic information systems, particularly in identifying the most
critical sources of  contamination  in WHPAs,  and will provide workshops  and
seminars for  state  and local  officials  on  the use  of  these  data  management
tools for ground-water protection.

     EPA will also continue  to both review and make  Sole  Source Aquifer (SSA)
designations according  to  the formal process  established in 1987  and review
projects supported by Federal funds on or near  a designated SSA.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total  of $7,718,500  supported by 80.8
total workyears  for this program, of which  $3,827,700 is  from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation  and    $3,890,800  is from  the Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance  appropriation.

     During  1989,   the  Agency continues  to  support,  through technical  and
financial   assistance,   states'   activities   in   developing  and   adopting
ground-water protection strategies.   The  Agency is completing an assessment to
summarize and evaluate the ground-water protection efforts being carried out by
the  states  and  the extent  of  progress  being  made  nationally to  achieve
ground-water  protection  through  state  efforts.     The   findings  are  being
presented at an  EPA/state forum which will address the states' current capacity
to  undertake  protection  programs,  particularly  in  the  states'   pesticide
management plans,  which are  required by  EPA's proposed Agricultural Chemicals
in Ground-Water  Strategy.

     The Agency  is continuing  to assist  states in the development of wellhead
protection  (WHP) programs, to mitigate  the  effects of  actual and potential
sources of contamination on ground waters which flow into  public water systems.
Assistance to states continues to include technical guidance on the delineation
of WHPAs and on  identifying and  inventorying contamination sources,  as well as
providing technical  information on methods for protecting  the land area around
public  water wells  from  a  wide variety  of  sources  of  contamination.   In
particular, EPA  has  developed  a  simple personal computer  model for delineating
WHPAs which can  easily  be  used by  local  managers.   EPA  is conducting training
for selected state and  local officials on the  delineation methodology, the use
of the  computer  models, and various  protection approaches.   In addition,  the
Agency  is  reviewing  and  approving  WHP  programs  submitted  by the  states  in
accordance with  the June  1989 statutory requirements.   The  Agency  expects at
least 17 states  to submit their programs for review by that date.

     EPA will continue working  to  incorporate   the ground-water  evaluation
(classification)  guidelines  into relevant  EPA  programs    for use  in decision
making  and to assist states  in  the  development  and application  of  their own
classification systems.
                                4-41

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     In  1989,   the  Agency  is taking  major  steps  to  make ground-water  data
collected by EPA programs more assessable  and usable  by states and localities,
as well  as other  Federal  programs,  by requiring  that all programs  collect  a
minimum set of  data elements  when monitoring  ground water.   EPA is also making
the  STORE! system  more  user-friendly by providing  access   through  personal
computers.  Efforts are being made to help small community managers make use of
existing data sources for their ground-water management purposes.

     EPA manages the SSA program by responding to petitions for SSA designation
and by reviewing projects financially  assisted by  the Federal  government which
may  contaminate the designated aquifer.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency  obligated  a total  of $6,362,200 supported   by 76.2
total workyears for this program, of which $3,475,800 was from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and   $2,886,400 was  from  the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     During 1988, EPA provided technical and financial assistance to the states
for the development and implementation of state strategies and action plans for
overall ground-water protection  efforts.   The Agency sponsored a comprehensive
assessment of  the  status of  the states' ground-water  protection strategies to
ascertain  how  far  the  states  have  progressed  in  their  strategies,  what
problems/issues  they  have encountered, and the extent  to  which comprehensive
programs are in place or underway.

     Also  in 1988,  EPA's  ground-water  protection program was  actively involved
with  other Agency  programs   in  the  development and  review of  state nonpoint
source assessments and management plans, as well as the provision of technical
support to the  hazardous waste and cleanup decision processes  on hydrogeologic
issues.

     The Agency promoted  the  application of a differential protection approach
to  protecting  ground-water   resources  in  order   to give priority  to those
resources  which  serve  as  drinking  water    supplies.    Further,  the  Agency
provided  states and localities  with state-of-the-art knowledge and technical
approaches  to   the  protection of  wellhead  areas  contiguous  to public water
wells.   The  Agency developed and published technical assistance  documents on
such  WHP  issues  as  contingency planning for  alternative sources   of water
supplies,  assessing and managing risks  in WHPAs,   identifying and controlling
for sources of  contaminants in WHPAs,  and  identifying local sources of funding
for  ground-water  protection.   In  addition,  the Agency sponsored  training
sessions  for Regional,  state and local  officials  on  the  various  models which
may be used to  delineate WHPAs.

     In  1988,   the  Agency developed  a minimum  set of  data  elements  for  all
Agency programs which  collect ground-water data.   These common data standards
will greatly increase  the utility by  all  programs  of data collected for other
purposes, greatly expanding the availability of usable data.

     The Agency designated  additional SSAs in  1988.   The number of designated
aquifers  increased to  a  total  of  48  nationwide by  the  end  of  the year.
Because  of  this  increase,   EPA  also  reviewed a  greater number of Federal
financially-assisted projects within  SSA  boundaries  as required by  the Safe
Drinking Water Act.

                                4-42

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     Finally,  as  directed by  Congress,  and in  conjunction with  appropriate
state and local agencies, EPA initiated a study to  identify  point  and nonpoint
sources   of   contamination   and  appropriate   control  measures   for   the
Spokane-Rathdrum Valley Aquifer in the Northwest.
                                4-43

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Enforcement

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                            1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents


                                                                        Page

DRINKING WATER                                                          4-1

ENFORCEMENT
   Drinking Water Enforcement	4-44

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                                                   DRINKING WATER
                                             Drinking Water Enforcement
                                ACTUAL
                                 1988
                   ENACTED
                    1989
        CURRENT
       ESTIMATE
         1989
         REQUEST
          1990
        INCREASE +
        DECREASE -
      1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Drinking Water
Enforcement
 Salaries & Expenses
                       TOTAL
        $3,157.9   $3,458.5   $3,434.9   $3,596.4      $161.5
        $3,157.9   $3,458.5   $3,434.9   $3,596.4      $161.5
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses

Drinking Water
Enforcement
        $3,157.9   $3,458.5   $3,434.9   $3,596.4      $161.5

TOTAL   $3,157.9   $3,458.5   $3,434.9   $3,596.4  .    $161.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Drinking Water
Enforcement

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
            75.1
            75.1
83.8
83.8
83.7
83.7
90.0
90.0
6.3
6.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Drinking Water
Enforcement

TOTAL WORKYEARS
            80.4
            80.4
90.5
90.5
90.0
90.0
90.0
90.0
                                       4-44

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                                     WATER
                                DRINKING WATER
                          Drinking Water Enforcement
Budget Request
     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $3,596,400  supported  by  90.0  total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $161,500 from 1989.   All of the request will
be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
DRINKING WATER ENFORCEMENT

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total   of  $3,596,400  supported  by  90.0  total
workyears for this program,  all  of which will  be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.  This represents  an increase  of $161,500 and no change in total
workyears.  The increase  in Salaries  and Expenses reflects increased personnel
and support costs.

     Compliance priorities for the Public Water Systems (PWSs) will continue to
focus  on the  reduction  of all  existing  violations  of  the National  Primary
Drinking  Water  Regulations   (NPDWRs).    The  first   priority  will  be  the
elimination  of all  significant non-compliers  (SNCs) of. these  regulations.
Enforcement will be targeted mainly at the existing  SNC universe; however, all
violations are at risk of enforcement action.  The second priority will involve
developing an effective risk-based enforcement scheme  to  ensure that the newly
completed  NPDWRs   required  under   SDWA   for   chemical,   radionuclide,   and
microbiological contaminants  and the  treatment technology  rule for  surface
source  systems  are properly  enforced.   The  lead and  surface  water treatment
rules   are   particularly   complex  with   respect to   enforcement,   involving
negotiated compliance  agreements and specific compliance  schedules.   With the
lead  and coliform rules  potentially  affecting every  PWS,  the  potential  for
noncompliance greatly increases.

     Headquarters  will provide   guidance  and  assistance  to  the  Regions  in
enforcing the additional program requirements and targeting enforcement actions
to eliminate  the  contaminant problems, especially where  high-risk contaminant
violations occur.   A key  element in the  transition to an expanded regulatory
framework is  the  continued  reduction of existing noncompliance  under interim
maximum  contaminant levels  (MCLs)   to  the   greatest   possible extent,  using
notices  of  violation   and  administrative  enforcement  orders  (AOs)  against
noncomplying systems.  Regions will also provide assistance to a state primary
enforcement authority in  issuing an AO or  taking other appropriate enforcement
action.

     Enforcement  activities  against  high-risk  Class  V  wells that  threaten
underground sources of  drinking  water will be  melded  into a comprehensive but
flexible Class  V  control  program.   Class  I  wells (waste disposal injections)
will  require  attention in 1990  because of  the  continuing  need to  issue  and
reissue permits based on the new monitoring regulation.  Failure to apply for a
                                 4-45

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permit, test for well mechanical  integrity,  or  provide  monitoring reports will
result in Regional enforcement actions.  In addition,  the program will continue
to oversee the progress of civil enforcement cases including review of Regional
enforcement referral documents  and case files,  and monitoring  the progress of
cases at  the  Department of Justice (DOJ) to  ensure  resolution after referral.
The program will  provide support  for  cases prepared by  Regional Counsels and
coordinate with other  offices to  present  accurate and verifiable   compliance
information when necessary.   Regions  will ensure  that  states  take appropriate
action to  bring SNCs into  compliance,  in order  to avoid Regional enforcement
actions against violators.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency  is allocating a total  of $3,434,900 supported by 90.0
total  workyears for  this  program, all of  which  is  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation.

     To get the best  possible start on  assuring  compliance with the multitude
of  new and  revised  standards coming into  effect,  EPA  must  assure  maximum
compliance with the  existing  requirements.    Regions  continue  to  issue  AOs
against  violators  of   PWS  and  Underground  Injection  Control  (UIC)  program
requirements in order to  achieve  compliance  with  regulations and standards set
by the Agency.  While  SNCs are the first  enforcement priority, all violations
are at risk  of  enforcement action.  The Regional offices are concentrating on
reducing  the  rate  of  noncompliance  by drawing  on  their past  experience to
initiate  enforcement  actions  quickly  and appropriately  and  utilizing  their
resources  in  the  most efficient  way possible.   In the event  state action has
failed to  remedy  a  violation,  EPA may  issue  administrative orders or initiate
court action.

     EPA is building upon the  microbiological/turbidity violations  identified
as  SNC  by  adding  those  systems  which  have  failed  to  monitor  or  have
contamination levels  that  are  an unreasonable risk  to health for inorganic,.
radionuclide  and  pesticide chemicals.   Violations  of  new standards  (e.g..,
volatile organic contaminants)  are being incorporated according to the general
framework of the SNC definition and pursued as appropriate.

     EPA  is  implementing  the  new AO  compliance tracking  system,  which  was
designed  to  provide managers  with information on the status  of AOs  and the
actions taken to  return violators to compliance.   The  Regions  are involved in
assisting  Regional  Counsels  with  documentation   concerning violations  which
require  new  and  more   stringent  enforcement  actions  and  participating  in
activities related to civil enforcement referral to the DOJ.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the  Agency obligated a total of  $3,157,900 supported  by 80.4
total  workyears for  this  program,  all of which was from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation.

     For  the 12  months  ending  March  31,   1988,  less  than  two percent  of
community  water  systems  were  in  SNC  with  microbiological or  turbidity MCLs
and/or monitoring and reporting (M/R)  requirements and/or total trihalomethane
M/R requirements.   Approximately twenty-five percent of community water systems
reported some violations;  three-fourths of these  involved failure to properly
monitor and report  results  only,  and nearly half of  these M/R violations were
first-time failures, corrected in  the  next  monthly  compliance  interval.   The
                                 4-46

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remaining  seventy-five  percent  of  community  water  systems  were  in  full
compliance.

     1988 marked  the  second year of the timely  and  appropriate determinations
for states.  The provisions of this initiative set out a time frame and several
enforcement  actions  which  states  should use to  promote compliance  among the
water  systems  within their jurisdictions.   Appropriate  actions for  SNCs are
defined  in  four categories: 1)  state  issuance  of an Administrative  Order,  2)
referral  to State  Attorney. General,   3)  filing  of & criminal  case,  or  4)
establishing a bilateral agreement between  the  state  and the  violator which
includes  a  compliance  schedule.   Through  the  third  quarter  of 1988,  54.3
percent  of  the SNCs  identified  had been resolved in a timely and appropriate
manner.

     1988 was  the  first  full year  for the  issuance  of  Federal AOs for UIC
violations.  The Regions issued 68 proposed and 93 final UIC AOs for a total of
161 actions.   This  is an increase of nearly 68  percent from the 109 issued in
1987.  The  greatest  improvement  came  in the  number of final AOs issued.   Final
UIC AOs  increased by more  than  500 percent over 1987.  During 1988,  the PWS
program  issued 161 enforcement actions against violators.
                                 4-47

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5. HAZARDOUS
   WASTE

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990  Budget  Estimate

                              Table of Contents

                                                                        Page

HAZARDOUS WASTE                                                         5-1

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   Hazardous Waste Research	5-7
      Scientific Assessment	5-12
      Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 	  5-13
      Health Effects . .  .	5-15
      Environmental Engineering and Technology 	  5-15
      Environmental Processes and Effects	5-17
      Integrated Hazardous Waste Research.  .  . 	  5-18
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
   Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines and Policies 	  5-20
      Regulations, Guidelines and Policies -  Hazardous Waste 	  5-22
      Regulations, Guidelines and Policies -  Air and Radiation ....  5-24
      Regulations, Guidelines and Policies -  Water 	  5-25
      Regulations, Guidelines & Policies -  Underground Storage Tanks  .  5-27
   Financial Assistance	5-30
      Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance to States.  ...  5-31
      Underground Storage Tanks State Grants  . .  .  ,  	  5-33
   Waste Management Strategies Implementation	5-34
      Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation.  5-35
   Emergency Planning/Community Right-to-know - Title III	5-37
ENFORCEMENT
   Hazardous Waste Enforcement 	  5-41

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                                                     HAZARDOUS WASTE
                                 ACTUAL
                                  1988
             ENACTED
              1989
 CURRENT
ESTIMATE
  1989
REQUEST
 1990
  INCREASE +
  DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
 APPROPRIATION
                                                (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
  Salaries & Expenses
  Abatement Control and
  Compliance
  Research & Development
  Scientific Activities
  Overseas

 TOTAL, Hazardous Waste
 $71,048.0  $74,305.7  $73,984.6  $78,659.3    $4,674.7
$155,584.6 $161,193.8 $159,692.7 $166,698.4    $7,005.7

 $29,801.2  $31,559.9  $31,095.5  $28,345.6   -$2,749.9
      $5.1
$256,438.9 $267,059.4 $264,772.8 $273,703.3    $8,930.5
 PERMANENT WORKYEARS
 TOTAL WORKYEARS
 OUTLAYS
 AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
   1,368.4    1,441.7    1,427.7    1,489.0        61.3
   1,460.9    1,505.0    1,491.0    1,489.0     .   -2.0
$258,469.6 $250,186.5 $248,053.2 $270,319.6   $22,266.4
The Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984 reauth-
orized this program at a level of $249,529,000 for 1988.
The Solid Waste Disposal Act as amended expired on
November 8, 1988.  Reauthorization is pending.
NOTE:  1988 Actual does not include $250.3 discussed in Community Right To Know.
       included in the Superfund media total for 1988.
                                                    It is
                                        5-1

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                                HAZARDOUS WASTE
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
     The  Resource  Conservation  and Recovery  Act  (RCRA),  as  revised by  the
Hazardous and  Solid  Waste  Amendments (HSWA) of 1984, provides  the legislative
mandate  for  a nationwide  program to manage  hazardous  wastes  from generation
through disposal.

     A  significant  portion  of  the waste  universe  is  not  yet  adequately
characterized  or  regulated,  and  many  facilities  still  must  comply  with
regulatory  standards.    In  addition,   environmental  contamination  at  many
facilities,  including  closed facilities,  must be  addressed  through corrective
action requirements  and permitting authorities.   Due to HSWA,  small quantity
generators and underground storage  tank (UST)  owners  and operators have become
regulated.  Finally,  the identification and reporting of hazardous chemicals in
communities,   regulated  by  Title  III   of  the  Superfund   Amendments  and
Reauthorization  Act  of 1986  (SARA),  requires state  and local  governments  to
develop plans to protect the public in the event of a chemical accident.

     To  address  these  problems,  the  Agency  has  developed a strategy  that
encompasses nine major  objectives.   These are to:   (1)  increase state program
capability;   (2)  increase  the  state role  in  the compliance  monitoring  and
enforcement  program;  (3)  increase  corrective  action  efforts by  supporting
states in their  corrective action endeavors;  (4)  maintain a strong permitting
program;  (5)  develop new  and significantly improve  existing regulations;  (6)
address solid waste  issues;  (7)  develop and implement a regulatory program for
underground storage  tanks;  (8)  enhance the development and  implementation of
the Title III program;  and (9)  conduct  research and development to support the
regulatory programs.

Increase State Program Capability

     Effective  management  of  hazardous   wastes  is  dependent  on  a  strong
Federal/state  partnership.    The Agency will  assist the  states  in  upgrading
their program  capabilities  to  meet new and  modified Federal  standards.   The
Agency  will  continue  to  support   the  states  by  providing  direct  program
assistance,  training,  guidance,  and financial support.   The  Agency  and  the
states will continue to operate within the National Criteria, which defines the
key factors and  performance  expectations  for managing and evaluating the RCRA
program.

     States will continue to develop legislation and regulations to incorporate
HSWA provisions  into their  programs.   The Agency and the states  will jointly
examine  existing  state authorities  to  determine  what  changes  are  needed.
Fifty states  are expected to be authorized for  the  RCRA base program by  the
end   of 1990, and a substantial number of  these will have  received authori-
zation to implement various portions of HSWA.

     Increased attention  will  be given to  implementing the RCRA Information
System to enable the Regions and states to monitor facility progress as well as
national trends.   This  improved data collection  system  will provide  the basis
for  evaluation  of  the  effectiveness  of  waste  management   regulations  and
development of regulatory improvements.
                                5-2

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Increase State Role In Compliance Monitoring and Enforcement Program

     With  the proven  capability  of  the  states  to  perform inspections  and
follow-up  enforcement,  the Agency will shift  responsibility for  Federal  and
local facility inspections and enforcement to the states.  With this shift,  the
states will  have assumed the  lead in all mandated  inspection and enforcement
efforts.   Land  disposal  facilities,  treatment and  storage facilities,  and a
significant  percentage  of large  quantity  generators and  transporters  will be
state-inspected.  Violations detected and  designated high priority, especially
land disposal restrictions violations, will be  addressed by the states through
formal  enforcement  actions.     EPA  will  perform  oversight  inspections  and
inspections  in  non-participating  and  reverted  states;  undertake  targeted
inspections  and  enforcement;  and  support  the  states in  implementation of  the
compliance   monitoring  and  enforcement  responsibilities  through  technical
assistance and training.

Support States in Corrective Action

     The national program will assess RCRA facilities in terms of environmental
significance.  RCRA Facility  Investigations will continue  to  be  required.   As
corrective  measures  studies   are  completed,  remedies  will  be  selected  and
required  through either  the  permitting  or  enforcement  process.    EPA will
continue   its    corrective  action  efforts,   especially   at  environmentally
significant  facilities.   The  states  will be  encouraged through HSWA author-
ization and  cooperative agreements  to assume  the  lead for  corrective action
oversight  whenever  possible.    Training programs on corrective measures  and
workshops for enforcement officers and permit writers will be conducted.

Maintain a Strong Permitting Program

     Implementation  activities  expand  from meeting  statutory  deadlines  to
modifying  permits  completed under HSWA mandates,  making  post-closure permit
determinations,  and  processing  permit  appeals.    As  new  regulations  are
promulgated, it  becomes necessary to revise permits  to reflect  these changes.
Amendments  and  additions  to  existing  regulations   --  including  the  Organic
Toxicity  Characteristic,  Corrective  Action,  Burner  and  Blender  requirements,
and Alternative  Closure rules  -- will increase both  the complexity of permits
and the size of the regulated universe.   Modifications will also be necessary
as facilities  increase  capacity or manage waste streams  not  accounted for in
the original permit.  The Agency will continue  to provide technical assistance
to permit  writers  in order to facilitate  the  increasingly complex permitting
process.   A  number  of permits are  likely  to be appealed,  particularly at land
disposal  and  incineration  facilities.     Processing  of   these  appeals  will
continue  in  1989  and  1990.     The   Regions   and  states  will  complete  the
processing   of most closure plans  for  interim status land disposal facilities
by the  end of 1990.  Processing  Subpart X permits  for miscellaneous units and
permit actions at Federal facilities will also be major activities.

Develop New and Revise Existing Regulations

     The Hazardous Waste regulatory program  focuses  on implementing major HSWA
regulations  completed in  previous years,  completing  promulgation of remaining
HSWA requirements,  and enhancing the waste  management program  through regu-
latory  amendments.   The Agency will  emphasize  the  further definition of  the
hazardous waste universe.   The Agency will promote hazardous waste minimization
practices  through  development  of  industry-specific  brochures  and  guidance
manuals.     Regulations  under   development  will   be  reviewed   to   ensure
incorporation of waste reduction  concepts.  The hazardous  waste  minimization

                               5-3

-------
program  will be  developed in  conjunction with  an  Agency-wide strategy  for
ensuring  multimedia  implementation of  waste minimization  practices.   Imple-
mentation issues  will  continue to be  a high priority, with  guidances planned
for corrective measures, incineration and mixed waste management.

Address Solid Waste Issues

     The   Agency  will   continue   efforts  to address  emerging  solid  waste
management (Subtitle D) issues.  The  Agency will promulgate  revised criteria
and  develop  guidance  for  municipal solid  waste landfills.   The  Agency will
assist  the   states,  which  have  responsibility for  implementing  solid  waste
management programs, by serving as a  technical clearinghouse for  solid  waste
management information, options, and guidelines.  The Agency will also continue
work on municipal waste combustion  ash,  including promulgating guidelines  on
ash management  and providing technical assistance  to state and local govern-
ments.   Other major enhancements to the RCRA program include the development of
regulations  for the management of mining  wastes and  oil  and  gas production
wastes.  These standards will be tailored under Subtitle D to account for their
special  characteristics.   The  Agency  will also  continue to  address emerging
medical waste issues through the development of regulations  and guidance.

Develop and Implement the UST Program

     Since a number  of states already had underground  storage tank regulatory
programs prior  to  the  inception of the national  legislation,  the Federal task
has been  to  define and develop a comprehensive regulatory  approach to prevent
leaks  in  underground storage tanks.   The ongoing task will be  to  develop and
improve  state  programs, since  many are  not as  comprehensive  as  the Federal
regulations.   With the recent promulgation of the final Federal technical, leak
detection, and  corrective  action regulations for both  petroleum and hazardous
substance tanks,  and financial  responsibility regulations for petroleum tanks,
states  are  engaged  in developing legislative  authorities  and  regulations  no
less stringent  than the Federal standards.  Most  states are expected to submit
an application  for Federal program approval.    The years  1989  and 1990 will be
transition years   as  states  expand  their programs  to  encompass  the  Federal
program, as well as manage their existing state programs.

     The Agency will assist the states  in development of  their authorities and
regulations  and in the program application  process.   Assisting the states in
developing the  capacity to  administer the entire  Federal  program  will  be an
equally  important task.    In addition,  the  Agency will provide  states with
practical tools and guidances,  in areas such  as tank inspections and closures,
to  facilitate  enforcement  of  the  technical  standards and  leak detection
requirements.   EPA will also provide  technical  information  to  support  state
outreach  activities  to  enhance  voluntary  compliance  by  tank  owners  and
operators.

     The last of  the major Federal regulations required  by Subtitle I will be
completed  in  1990  with   the  promulgation   of the  financial  responsibility
standards for tanks  containing hazardous  substances.   Regulatory efforts will
then shift to consideration of deferred tanks, including bulk storage tanks and
individual sumps and reservoirs.

Develop and Implement the Emergency Planning/Community Right-To-Know Program

     The  Emergency Planning  and  Community  Right-to-Know  Act  was  passed  by
Congress  as  Title  III  of  the  SARA.    Title III  establishes a  framework for
states  and  localities  to  identify  hazardous  chemicals   present  in  their

                                5-4

-------
communities  and to  develop  plans  to  protect the  public in  the event  of an
emergency.   The  Agency  will continue  to  support state  efforts  to  develop
programs  that  meet Title  III  objectives.    Also,  the Agency will  provide
technical  assistance to  states  and local  communities  in  the  management  and
proper use of  the  information generated  through  SARA's reporting requirements,
and in the implementation of a Title III enforcement program.

Conduct Research and Development to Support Regulatory Program

     The Research  and  Development program will continue  to  develop scientific
and technical information to support hazardous waste regulatory development and
implementation.  While  research  to support land disposal banning decisions is
nearing  completion,  resources  will  be  shifted   to  augment  the  research
component  of the  Agency's new pollution prevention/waste minimization program
and to enhance research to support the characterization of non-hazardous wastes
from  municipal,  industrial,   and  mining  facilities  and monitoring of  RCRA
Subtitle D facilities.

     In 1990, a program to evaluate and demonstrate innovative technologies for
municipal  waste treatment  will  begin.   The  Municipal Innovative  Technology
Evaluation  program , is  designed  to   stimulate  development  and  adoption  of
innovative   techniques   relating  to   recycling,   recovery,   waste  treatment,
including  combustion,   and  waste  minimization.     It  will  also  contain  a
technology transfer  component  aimed at municipal waste decision-makers and the
private  sector consulting services that support  them.   Research  related to
exposure and risk of dioxin has been completed.

Consulting Services

     Consulting services are  required for  several aspects of the  Title  III
program, since the Agency primarily performs  a support role under this program.
The Agency will use advisory and  assistance  services of consultants  for  the
development  of regulatory  impact  analyses,  technical  support  in  developing
regulations  and guidance documents, technical assistance required for program
implementation and for the development of information management systems.
                               5-5

-------
                                HAZARDOUS WASTE
                                   Actual
                                    1988
           Current
          Estimate
            1989
           Estimate
             1990
          Increase +
          Decrease -
           1990 vs.
             1989
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES

Regulations:
     RCRA Standards	

     Effl. Stds. Decision Doc
     Effl. Stds. Data Summary
     Proposals	
     Promulgations	

     UIC Petition Reviews....

Implementation:
     Guidance Documents	
     Reports to Congress	

     State Auth. (cumul.)....
     Base Program	
     HSWA Cluster I	

     Final Permit
     Determinations/Closures
      (cumulative)	

     UIC Permit Revisions....

Enforcement and
Corrective Actions:
     Inspections	
     Administrative Orders...
     Civil Litigation	
     Criminal Litigation	

     Corrective Action
     Facility Assessments....

     Monitoring of Corrective
     Action Activities	

     POTW Corrective Measures
    25

     *
     *
    14
    11
    24
     5
    44
     1
   760
 1,913
13,704
 1,145
   133
   102
   399


   156

     6
    59

     *
     *
    34
    25

    40
    38
     4
    50
     6
   446
 2,359

    75
12,400
 1,425
   156
   103
   141


   260

     6
    48

     3
     2
    16
    27

    35
    28
     3
    50
    33
   430
 2,788

    75
12,901
 1,361
   156
   104
    76


   341

     6
 -11

  +3
  +2
 -18
  +2

  -5
 -10
  -1
   0
 +27
 -13
+430
+501
 -64
   0
  +1
 -65


 +81

   0
* Outputs for  the  Office  of Water's Hazardous Waste Regulatory Development
  Activities are not available for 1988 and 1989.
                               5-6

-------
Research and
Development

-------
                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990  Budget  Estimate

                              Table of Contents
HAZARDOUS WASTE                                                         5-1

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   Hazardous Waste Research	5-7
      Scientific Assessment	5-12
      Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 	  5-13
      Health Effects 	  5-15
      Environmental Engineering and Technology 	  5-15
      Environmental Processes and Effects	5-17
      Integrated Hazardous Waste Research	5-18

-------
                                                   HAZARDOUS WASTE
                                               Hazardous Waste Research
ACTUAL
1988
PROGRAM
Scientific Assessment -
Hazardous Waste
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Hazardous Waste
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Health Effects -
Hazardous Waste
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Hazardous
Waste-
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Hazardous
Waste
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Integrated Hazardous
Waste Research
Research & Development
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
(DOLLARS


$1
$2
$3



$3
$8
$12




$1




$5
$10
$15



$3
$4
$7


$2
$2



,074
,460
,535



,895
,924
,820


$689
$950
,639




,153
,177
,331



,190
,487
,678


,800
,800

$14., 003
$29
,801


.3
.7
.0



.5
.8
.3


.1
.0
.1




.7
.8
.5



.8
.9
.7


.0
.0

.4
.2


$1,432
$2,443
$3,876



$4,019
$9,229
$13,249


$653
$950
$1,604




$5,270
$11,952
$17,223



$3,242
$4,483
$7,726


$2,500
$2,500

$14,619
$31,559


.8
.9
.7



.7
.8
.5


.8
.2
.0




.6
.4
.0



.5
.6
.1


.0
.0

.4
.9


$1
$2
$3



$3
$9
$13




$1




$5
$11
$16



$3
$4
$7


$2
$2

$14
$31
REQUEST
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
IN THOUSANDS)


,283.5
,192.6
,476.1



,949.0
,129.8
,078.8


$648.0
$950.2
,598.2.




,114.4
,839.3
,953.7



,324.9
,483.6
,808.5


,500.0
,500.0

,319.8
,095.5


$1,086
$1,685
$2,772



$3,353
$9,121
$12,475


$678
$850
$1,528




$5,398
$12,454
$17/853



$3,419
$4,233
$7,653





$13,936
$28,345


.4
.8
.2



.6
.4
.0


.0
.2
.2




.8
.6
.4



.4
.6
.0





.2
.6


-$197.
-$506.
-$703.



-$595.
-$8.
-$603.


$30.
-$100.
-$70.




$284.
$615.
$899.



$94.
-$250.
-$155.


-$2,500.
-$2,500.

-$383.
- -$2,749.


1
8
9



4
4
8


0
0
0




4
3
7



5
0
5


0
0

6
9
Hazardous Waste
Research
TOTAL  $43,804.6  $46,179.3  $45,415.3  $42,281.8   -$3,133.5
                                      5-7

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                                                   HAZARDOUS WASTE
                                               Hazardous Waste Research

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                            ;           1989               1990 VS 1989
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Hazardous Waste

Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Hazardous Waste

Health Effects -
Hazardous Waste

Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Hazardous
Waste
 15.8
 46.6
 12.3
 86.6
 20.9
 47.6
 12.0
 94.0
 18.3
 47.6
 12.0
 91.1
 17.4
 47.5
 12.0
 89.8
 -.9
 -.1
-1.3
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Hazardous
Waste

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
 50.1
211.4
 54.3
228.8
 53.9
222.9
 52.0
218.7
-1.9
-4.2
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Hazardous Waste
 19.0
 20.9
 18.3
 17.4
 -.9
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Hazardous Waste

Health Effects -
Hazardous Waste

Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Hazardous
Waste
 52.4
 12.3
 93.8
 47.6
 12.0
 94.0
 47.6
 12.0
 91.1
 47.5
 12.0
 89.8
 -.1
-1.3
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Hazardous
Waste
 52.0
 54.3
 53.9
 52.0
-1.9
TOTAL WORKYEARS
229.5
228.8
222.9
218.7
-4.2
                                      5-8

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                                  HAZARDOUS WASTE
                              Hazardous Waste Research
                           Principal Outputs by Objective
Objective 1:  Develop Data to Support the Use of Alternate Technologies

1990:  o     Technical  Report on  Emerging  Chemical  and  Biological  Treatment
             Methods for Halogenated Chemical Waste Streams (Engineering)
       o     Technical   Report   on   the   Evaluation  of   Waste  Minimization
             Technologies at Two Industrial Sites (Engineering)

1989:  o     Technical  Resource  Document  on the Minimization and Control  of
             Hazardous Waste Combustion By-Products (Engineering)
       o     Report to Congress on Pollution Prevention Research (Engineering)

1988:  o     Technical  Report  on the  Evaluation of Innovative  Technology for
             the Treatment of Hazardous Waste Streams (Engineering)


Objective 2:   Develop  and Evaluate  Tests and Procedures  for Conducting Risk
Assessments

1990:  o     Report  on  Field Evaluation  of  Unsaturated  Zone  Model  (Envir.
             Processes)
       o     Report  on   Evaluation   of  Using  Plants   to  Decontaminate  and
             Metabolize PCB's (Envir. Processes)
       o     Report on  Response  to  Toxicants of Plants Used  as  Cover Crops  at
             Hazardous Waste Sites (Envir.  Processes)

1989:  o     Health and Environmental Effects Documents (Sci.  Assessment)
       o     Field  Validation of  Solute  Transport  Model for  Prediction  of
             Waste Concentrations in Ground Water (Envir.  Processes)

1988:  o     Health and Environmental Effects Documents (Sci.  Assessments)
       o     Risk Assessment Field Guide for RCRA (Sci.  Assessment)
       o     User Manual for Metals-Speciation Model (MINTEQ)   (Env. Processes)


Objective 3:   Conduct  Assessment and Control  Research  Necessary to  Control
Dioxin

1989:  o     Report on Plant Uptake of Dioxin (Envir. Processes)
       o     Photodegradation Evaluation of Dioxin in Soils (Envir. Processes)

1988:  o     Final Report on Pharmacokinetics  and Immunotoxicity  of 2,3,7,8-
             TCDD in Rhesus Monkeys (Sci.  Assessment)
       o     Report on Ingestion of Soil by Children (Sci.  Assessment)
                               5-9

-------
Objective 4:  Develop Procedures to Identify and Measure Chemicals in Wastes

1990:  o     Report  on  Research Statistics,  Geostatistics,  and Chemometries
             (Monitoring)

1989:  o     Development  of  Automated Expert Systems  for  Determining Location
             Standards for Subtitle-D Facilities in Wet Environments (Monitor.)

1988:  o     Guidance Document  for  Determining Monitoring Methods for Subtitle
             D Sites in or Near Wet Environments (Monitoring)
Objective 5:
Regulations

1990:  o
1988:  o
  Develop the Data to  Support  Implementation of the Land Disposal
Complete  Guidance  Documents  on  the  Design  and  Operation  of
Landfills and Surface Impoundments (Engineering)

Development of an  Expert  System  for  Evaluating RCRA Closure Plans
(Engineering)
Objective  6:    Develop  Data  to  Support  Implementation  of the  Incineration
Regulation

1990:  o     Technical Report on the Control Technology Assessment for Residues
             from Municipal Waste Combustion Systems (Engineering)

1989:  o     Issue  Best  Practices Manual  for Hazardous  Waste  Destruction in
             High Temperature Industrial Processes (Engineering)

1988:  o     Assessment  Report  on Vermont Model  Incinerator/Resource Recovery
             Facility (Sci. Assessment)


Objective 7:  Provide Quality Assurance  Support  to the Hazardous Waste Program

1990:  o     Annual Report on Quality Control  Samples for  RCRA Appendix VIII
             Chemicals (Monitoring)

1989:  o     Annual Report on Quality Control  Samples for  RCRA Appendix VIII
             Chemicals (Monitoring)

1988:  o     Annual Report on Quality Control  Samples for  RCRA Appendix VIII
             Chemicals (Monitoring)
Objective 8:  Develop Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous Releases

1990:  o
1989:  o
Technical  Report on  New  and Improved  Internal Tank . Inspection
Equipment and Procedures^ (Engineering)

Technical Report on the Evaluation of Automatic Product Monitoring
Devices for Underground Storage Tanks (Engineering)
                               5-10

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                                  HAZARDOUS WASTE
                              Hazardous Waste Research
Budget Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of $42,281,800  supported  by 218.7  total
workyears  for  1990,  a  decrease  of  $3,133,500 and  a decrease  of  4.2  total
workyears from  1989.   Of the  request,  $13,936,200 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $28,345,600 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation, decreases of $383,600 and $2,749,900 respectively.

Program Objectives

     The Resource Conservation  and Recovery  Act (RCRA) authorizes a regulatory
program to  identify  and  manage  wastes  which  pose a substantial hazard to human
health or  the environment.   RCRA also requires  the  promulgation of standards
related to  Underground Storage Tank  systems for both  chemicals  and petroleum
products.     Section  311  of  the  Clean Water  Act  also mandates  some of  the
research  conducted  under  this program,  specifically  the hazardous  material
release efforts.

     Objective 1:  Develop Data to Support the Use of Alternative Technologies.
Research  supporting  this objective  is being used  to  implement  provisions of
RCRA that  require the banning  of highly hazardous wastes  from land disposal.
The  effectiveness of  treatment alternatives and  waste altering  processes is
being evaluated and performance parameters established.

     Objective  2:    Develop and Evaluate Tests  and Procedures  for  Conducting
Risk  Assessments.    Research  supporting this  objective  will  provide  more
applicable,   less  expensive,   simpler,   and more   accurate  risk  assessment
methodologies, as well as actual risk assessments for decision making.

     Objective 3:  Conduct Assessment and Control Research Necessary to Address
Dioxin.   Research supporting  this objective will  evaluate the  potential  for
human health  effects from dioxin in the environment.

     Objective  4:    Develop  Procedures  to  Characterize  Chemicals  in Wastes.
Research  develops  and  validates  the analytical  procedures  and  techniques
required to characterize wastes for  Sections 3001  and 3013 of RCRA.   These are
used for  listing and  other regulatory decisions made  by the  Office  of  Solid
Waste.

     Objective 5:  Develop Data to Support the Land Disposal Regulations.   This
research  program provides  support for permitting  of  land  disposal  and  land
treatment   facilities,  and   for   improvements  in   operation  and  design
requirements.
                               5-11

-------
      Objective  6:   Develop  Data  to  Support  the  Incineration  Regulations.
Laboratory,  pilot  and full-scale incineration units  are  being investigated to
determine the performance of a range of thermal treatment devices.   Results are
used  by permitting  officials  to evaluate permit  requests and  to  monitor for
compliance  with  performance  requirements.    Evaluation  of  municipal  waste
combustion  processes  also  occurs  under  this  objective.   Health risk  from
incinerator emissions and residues are investigated.

      Objective  7:   Provide  Quality Assurance  Support   A quality  assurance
program  is  being conducted to provide a  scientific  data  base  of known quality
to  support  RCRA regulatory activities.   The program  includes  a repository of
calibration  standards,   reference   materials,   and   on-site   evaluations  of
contractor laboratories.

     Objective  8:    Develop  Procedures  to  Prevent  and  Contain  Hazardous
Releases. Research supporting this objective addresses requirements established
by  Section 311  of the Clean  Water Act  (CWA)  and RCRA's  Underground Storage
Tank  (UST) program.  Research supporting these programs assesses the most cost-
effective technology and scientific techniques available to prevent and control
releases of hazardous substances.

     Objective  10:	Conduct  Research   Support   for  Emergency  Planning  and
Community Right-to-Know.  Research will support the implementation of Title III
of  the  Superfund Amendments  and  Reauthorization  Act  of  1986  (SARA)  on
Community  Planning  and  Emergency  Right-to-Know.    Efforts  will  focus  on
development  of process measurement  and monitoring  techniques  for prevention of
accidental  and  chronic  releases  in  an  effort  to  help  state  and  local
governments, planning authorities,   industry and  private citizens assess  and
respond to risks posed by hazardous substance releases.


SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total of   $2,772,200  supported  by  17.4  total
workyears for  this program, of  which  $1,086,400  will be  for  the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and  $1,685,800 will be for  the Research and Development
appropriation.     This   represents  decreases   of   $197,100  and   $506,800
respectively, and  a  decrease  of 0.9 total workyears.   These  decreases reflect
the completion of  the dioxin research program.

     Develop and Evaluate Tests and Procedures for Conducting Risk Assessments.
Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Documents,  Reference  Doses,  and  technical
evaluations  will  continue  to  be  provided  to  support  the  RCRA  listing,
permitting  and  land disposal  restriction  programs.    Microcomputer-assisted
risk assessment tools will be further developed.

     Develop Data  to Support the Incineration Regulations.    A comprehensive
risk  assessment  methodology for  evaluating  health risks  from  municipal waste
incineration will  be implemented.   This  methodology will  include  methods for
assessing the risks  resulting from  the use  of municipal  waste incineration as
well as assessing  the risks remaining after the  waste has been burned.
                               5-12

-------
1989 Program

     In 1989,  the Agency  is  allocating a total of $3,476,100 supported by 18.3
total workyears  for  this  program,  of which $1,283,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $2,192,600  is  from  the  Research and Development
appropriation.    In 1989, the program  is  emphasizing production of health and
environmental  effects  documents   for  the  listing/delisting .programs,  and
Reference Doses  for  the land disposal restriction program.   Work is continuing
on  the  determination  of  patterns  of soil  ingestion by children for use  in
exposure  assessments,  and a comprehensive  risk  assessment methodology  to  be
used  in evaluating  risks from  municipal  incineration  is  being  developed  to
permit assessment of potential risks from  this disposal practice.  The program
will continue  its  assessment of the model municipal  waste  combustor which was
initiated during 1987.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency obligated  a total  of  $3,535,000 supported  by 19.0
total workyears for  this program, of which $1,074,300 was from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $2,460,700 was  from  the Research and Development
appropriation.    The  1988   program  emphasized   preparation  of  health  and
environmental effects documents,  Reference Doses,  and carcinogenicity profiles.
Six  petitions/exposure information reports  were reviewed  and  assistance  on
health/exposure assessment was provided to workgroups and the permit assistance
team.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $12,475,000  supported by  47.5  total
workyears for  this program, of which  $3,353,600 will be for  the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and  $9,121,400 will be  for the Research and Development
appropriation. This  represents  decreases of $595,400  and $8,400 respectively,
and a decrease of  0.1  total workyears.   The  reduction in Salaries and Expenses
reflects  a  reallocation  of some  non-personnel  related  resources  to  areas  of
higher priority.   The  workyear reduction reflects a consolidation of resources
for the Regional Scientists Program within the Interdisciplinary media.

     Develop Procedures to  Characterize  Chemicals  in Wastes.   Research will be
conducted  to  develop  methods  for  characterizing  and  detecting  wastes  and
providing  criteria  for   determining  if  those  wastes  constitute  a  potential
hazard.  Methods will be  tested for application to highly toxic wastes in soils
and  sediments and for  detection  of  organics  in  the  ambient  air  of  waste
disposal facilities.   A  validation of the methods  contained in the Compendium
of Analytical  Methods  to Monitor  for  Solid  Waste  (SW-846)  will be conducted.
These methods  are used  to  determine the composition of wastes,  detect  trace
levels of  toxic constituents, and rapidly screen  for hazardous  constituents.
Automated methods  for subsurface monitoring will be developed and evaluated for
their ability to detect and track waste  plume  migration toward and into ground
water.   An expert system will be  developed  for use  in  evaluating Subtitle-D
facility locations.  Remote sensing will be -provided to assist permit writers.
                               5-13

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     Provide  Quality  Assurance  Support   To  ensure  that the  data on  which
regulations  and enforcement  actions  are based  are accurate,  quality  control
samples and  reference  materials  of wastes will  continue  to be provided to EPA
contractors,  state,  and local  laboratories  to  standardize monitoring  methods
and for calibration of RCRA analytical techniques.

     Develop  Procedures to  Prevent  and  Contain Hazardous Releases.    Remote
sensing support will be provided to the Regions for monitoring spills and spill
threats under emergency conditions in support of Section 311 of the Clean Water
Act.   In addition, leak monitoring methods  outside underground  storage  tanks
will be  evaluated in  support  of leak prevention and  corrective  action.   This
activity will include  evaluation of leak  monitoring methods to establish which
existing instrumentation meets established performance criteria.

     Support Emergency  Planning  and Community  Right-To-Know.   This new program
of  research  will  focus  on developing and  evaluating process  measurement and
monitoring  methods that  maximize   the  reliability  of data  without requiring
costly monitoring.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $13,078,800 supported by 47.6
total workyears for this program,  of  which $3,949,000  is  from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $9,129,800 is  from the Research  and Develbpment
appropriation.  Resources in 1989 are supporting RCRA requirements to determine
waste composition, to  detect  levels of toxic  constituents in ground water/air,
and to characterize hazardous  constituents through  the evaluation, validation,
and  development  of  new  methods  for SW-846.   Monitoring  methods are  being
evaluated   and/or  developed   for   use   at  subtitle-D  landfills   in   wet
environments.    Remote  sensing  is  also being provided to  assist  in  the
assessment  and  mitigation  of spills from facilities engaged in production,
storage,   processing,   and  distribution of  hazardous  materials.    Performance
criteria  for evaluating  leak  monitoring methods   are being  established and
available techniques  for  conducting  external  leak  monitoring from underground
storage tanks are being evaluated and developed.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the Agency  obligated a total  of  $12,820,300  supported  by  52.4
total workyears for this program, of which $3,895,500 was  from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and $8,924,800  was from the Research  and Development
appropriation.     During   1988,   monitoring  methods  to   detect  hazardous
constituents  in ground water, air,  and  soils were evaluated, validated,  and
developed.   Development  of  generic  methods  for  analysis  of Appendix  VIII
compounds continued.    Advanced analytical  methods for  waste detection  were
under development.  Biological procedures  were evaluated as possible analytical
screening techniques.   Over 40,000  quality control  check  samples  and more than
25,000 organic  calibration standards were distributed  to RCRA  laboratories.
All contractor laboratories were evaluated.
                               5-14

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HEALTH EFFECTS

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $1,528,200   supported  by  12.0  total
workyears  for this  program,  of which  $678,000 will be  for the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation and $850,200 will  be for the Research  and Development
appropriation.   This  represents an  increase of $30,000  in the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation  and  a  decrease  of  $100,000  in  the  Research  and
Development appropriation,  and no  change  in  total workyears.   The increase in
Salaries  and  Expenses  reflects increased personnel  and  support  costs.   The
decrease  in Research  and Development  reflects a minor reduction in research on
health risk related to incineration.

     Develop  Data  to  Support  the  Incineration  Regulations.  Research  will
continue  to provide methods  and health  effects data on municipal and hazardous
waste  combustion emissions  and residual  complex  mixtures  to .assist  in  the
assessment of potential human health risks.  Pollutants from combustion control
technologies will be  assessed  using biological potency  methods  to evaluate the
potential hazards associated with waste incineration.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the Agency is  allocating  a total of $1,598',200 supported by 12.0
total workyears  for this program,  of which $648,000 is from  the  Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and $950,200   is  from  the  Research  and  Development
appropriation.   In  1989, this  research program  is  assessing the potential for
health effects from air  emissions  and residues from incinerators using various
bioassay  procedures.     Health  endpoints  considered  include  genotoxicity,
pulmonary toxicity,  and other major target organ effects.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the  Agency obligated  a  total  of $1,639,100  supported  by  12.3
total workyears  for  this program,  of which  $689,100  was from  the  Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $950,000  was from the  Research  and  Development
appropriation.   A screening protocol for  waste toxicity was completed and an
incineration health effects  program was initiated with  mutagenicity testing of
15 samples from 6 hazardous waste incinerators.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests   a  total  of  $17,853,400  supported by  89.8  total
workyears for  this program, of  which  $5,398,800 will be  for  the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $12,454,600  will  be  for   the   Research  and
Development appropriation.  This represents  increases of $284,400 and $615,300
respectively, and  a decrease of  1.3  total  workyears.   The increase in Salaries
and Expenses reflects  increased  personnel  and support costs.   The increase in
Research  and Development  will  be  used  to  implement a  new Municipal  Waste
Innovative Technology  Evaluation program and for  implementation  of SARA Title
III.  The workyear decrease reflects a minor reduction in BOAT support.
                                5-15

-------
     Develop  Data to Support  the Use of  Alternative Technologies.   Research
efforts  will   evaluate   both   existing   and  emerging  alternative  treatment
processes for wastes  likely  to be restricted from land disposal.  The emerging
technology program will  place  emphasis on finding alternative disposal methods
for problem wastes which cannot be disposed of in landfills.  A major focus of
the research program  is now devoted to reducing the production of pollutants at
their source.   New research will be  conducted to define assessment techniques
to measure  the  reduction in quantities of  pollutants  produced and to identify
potential  areas for  pollution reduction.   A  new Municipal  Waste  Innovative
Technology  Evaluation  (MITE)  program will  be  initiated.    This •program  is
designed  to:    1)    provide  data  on  innovative  equipment and  techniques  for
managing municipal waste;  2)   accelerate  early commercialization of innovative
equipment; 3)   provide  support and credibility to new techniques and equipment
being  developed  at   the bench  and  pilot-scale;  and  4)   develop  promising
techniques directly where a definite need exists.  The initial emphasis will be
on demonstration  of  new or modified equipment  processes  or  techniques at full
or nearly full  scale.

     Develop  Data to Support  the  Land  Disposal  Regulations.     Major  issues
associated with disposal of hazardous waste to  the  land will  continue  to be
addressed.  Synthetic and clay liners will  be studied and the effectiveness of
alternative closure and  monitoring procedures for surface impoundments will be
investigated.   Research will  also  be  conducted to characterize air  emissions
from hazardous  waste treatment,  storage,  and disposal facilities  (TSDFs)  and
to  assess methods  to  control  them.   Technical Resource  Documents will  be
updated for use by Regional and  state agencies for permitting hazardous waste
facilities and  for enforcing applicable regulations.

     Develop  Data  to  Support  the  Incineration Regulations.    Incineration
research  will  focus  on  four   areas:  characterizing  performance of  existing
thermal technologies; developing  methods  for  compliance monitoring  of  these
facilities;  characterizing  products  of  incomplete  combustion  and  their
formation  conditions;  and developing methods to predict  performance  to  avoid
process failure and control process reliability.  Information will be developed
for both  industrial  processes  and incinerators to support regulation of toxic
metal emissions,  emission of  products  of  incomplete  combustion, and  for  the
refinement of  the destruction removal efficiency rule.    Research  relative to
municipal  solid  waste   incinerators  will  be  conducted,  with the  emphasis
shifting  from   field  characterization to evaluation  of various  air  pollution
control devices and the assessment of ash utilization and disposal techniques.

     Develop Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous Releases.  Underground
storage tank (UST) research will evaluate prevention,  detection, and corrective
action  technologies  to  identify cost-effective,   reliable  techniques  and
equipment for USTs.   This research will  result  in publications on prevention
practices, assessment of retrofit  techniques for leaking underground storage
tanks,   identification and evaluation of reliable  leak  detection methods  for
underground chemical  tanks, and  improvement of emergency  response and remedial
corrective action technologies.

     Support Emergency Planning  and Community Right-To-Know.   This new program
of research will  focus on evaluating  process  measurement  techniques applicable
to accidental and chronic releases.
                                 5-16

-------
 1989 Program

      In 1989,  the Agency is  allocating  a  total of  $16,953,700  supported by  91.1
 total workyears for this program, of which $5,114,400 is from the  Salaries and
 Expenses appropriation  and  $11,839,300  is  from  the  Research and Development
 appropriation.     Activities  in  1989  include   the  evaluation   of  emerging
 alternative  technologies  and  initiation  of  a  waste  minimization/pollution
 prevention program.   A report to  the  Congress will be  submitted summarizing the
 multimedia  research  which  should be  undertaken to  prevent pollution  from
 industrial sources.    Emerging  technologies  for  detecting leaks from petroleum
 and chemical tank systems are being evaluated.   Major land disposal issues are
 being investigated and various  thermal  destruction systems techniques are being
 investigated.

 1988 Accomplishments

      In 1988,   the  Agency obligated  a  total of $15,331,500  supported by  93.8
 total workyears for this program,  of  which $5,153,700  was from the  Salaries and
 Expenses appropriation  and  $10,177,800 was  from  the  Research and Development
 appropriation.   The  1988  program produced performance evaluations of chemical
 and  biological  treatment methods  for  halogenated  aromatic chemical  waste
 streams as  well  as  evaluations  of  innovative technologies   for  other  waste
 streams.   An expert system for evaluating RCRA closure plans  was developed and
 work continued  on development  of leak detection'  technologies for underground
 storage tanks.


 ENVIRONMENTAL  PROCESSES AND  EFFECTS

 1990 Program Request

      The Agency  requests a  total  of  $7,653,000   supported by  52.0  total
 workyears  for   this program,  of which $3,419,400  will be  for the  Salaries and
 Expenses appropriation and $4,233,600 will be for the Research and Development
 appropriation.    This  represents an  increase  of $94,500 and a  decrease of
 $250,000 respectively,  with  a decrease  of 1.9 total workyears.  The increase in
 Salaries and  Expenses reflects  increased personnel  and  support  costs.   The
 decrease  in Research  and  Development  reflects   the  completion  of  several
 projects in  the area  of transport and fate research.

      Develop and Evaluate  Procedures  for Conducting Risk Assessments.  Research
 will continue  on multimedia site assessment models  in support  of  hazardous
 waste listing  and delisting activities,  methods  for  risk characterization of
 complex wastes, and methods and  data for predicting  subsurface contamination.
 An  increased  emphasis will be  placed on ecological assessments.   Transport
 models for predicting  waste concentrations  in  saturated and unsaturated zones
 in  the subsurface will be  field evaluated, and a model describing speciation of
 metals will  be  developed.  Bioavailability, uptake, and metabolism  of hazardous
 chemicals by plants and animals will  be investigated.

      Develop Procedures to  Prevent  and Contain Hazardous  Releases.   Research
.and field  tests of biological, physical, and chemical  methods,  previously tried
 at  hazardous  waste  sites,  will be  conducted to  determine  their  cost  and
 applicability  to cleanup of  pollutants  from underground storage tanks.
                                5-17

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1989 Program

     In 1989,  the Agency  is  allocating a total of $7,808,500 supported by 53.9
total workyears for  this  program,  of which $3,324,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $4,483,600  is from  the  Research  and Development
appropriation.   In  1989,  research will  support  the RCRA  listing,  delisting,
risk assessment,  siting,  and land disposal restriction  programs.   Development
of  multimedia  assessment  methods  and  evaluation  of  waste  management  and
treatment needs, based on potential human health and environmental impacts, are
being prepared.  Laboratory  experiments  are being conducted to determine plant
uptake  of  hazardous   chemicals.     The  multimedia  bioassessment  screening
protocol  used  in  evaluating  damage  caused  by  spills  and  potential  risk
associated  with waste  sites is being  revised based on the results  of field
evaluations.   In addition,  studies  on  subsurface  characteristics influencing
heavy  metal  contamination  of  ground  water,  evaluations  of  immiscible  flow
processes controlling  contaminant  transport in ground water,  and validation of
existing saturated and unsaturated zone contaminant transport models are being
conducted.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency obligated  a total  of  $7,678,700  supported  by  52.0
total workyears for  this program, of which $3,190,800 was from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $4,487,900 was from  the Research  and Development
appropriation.   During 1988  the program completed the  final  version  of  a
methodology to allow the pollution potential of any hydrogeologic setting to be
evaluated.   In  addition, a seminar  was prepared  on   transport  and  fate  of
contaminants   in  the   subsurface,  a  user's  manual   was   prepared  on  the
quantitative geochemical model (MINTEQ) for predicting the equilibrium behavior
of metal  species in a variety of environments,  and studies were  reported on
which  indicated that  in-situ biorestoration  has  potential for  remediation of
aquifers contaminated by leaking underground storage tanks.

INTEGRATED HAZARDOUS WASTE RESEARCH

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests no  resources for this activity in 1990.  Having funded
the Center  for Environmental Management at Tufts  University since  1983,  the
Agency  feels  this Center  is now  fully  established and should  seek continued
funding on  a  competitive basis.   Other sources  of funding  are available from
the private sector as well as other governmental sources.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the  Agency  is allocating a total  of $2,500,000  supported by no
workyears for  this program,  all of which  is  from the Research and Development
appropriation.   The program  is  addressing  a wide  variety of  research  and
public policy issues.  Issues being addressed include alternative technologies,
public  perceptions   associated  with  disposal   facilities,  development  of
programs  for  public  education,   health  effects,  risk communication,  waste
minimization,  and alternatives to whole animal testing.
                               5-18

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1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency obligated  a  total  of $2,800,000 for this program from
the  Research and  Development appropriation.   These  resources  were used  to
continue  funding  research projects  on  health  effects,  monitoring  systems,
alternative technologies, and risk communication.
                               5-19

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Abatement and
   Control

-------
                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents


                                                                        Page

HAZARDOUS WASTE                                                         5-1

ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
   Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines and Policies 	  5-20
      Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Hazardous Waste 	  5-22
      Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Air and Radiation ....  5-24
      Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Water 	  5-25
      Regulations, Guidelines & Policies - Underground Storage Tanks  .  5-27
   Financial Assistance	5-30
      Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance to States.  ...  5-31
      Underground Storage Tanks State Grants 	  5-33
   Waste Management Strategies Implementation	5-34
      Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation.  5-35
   Emergency Planning/Community Right-to-know - Title III	5-37

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                                                   HAZARDOUS WASTE
                                 Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines & Policies
ACTUAL
1988
PROGRAM
Regulations , Guidelines
& Policies - Hazardous
Waste
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies - Office of
Air and Radiation
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies - Office of
Water
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Regulations, Guidelines
and Policies - Under-
ground Storage Tanks
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
'OTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
(DOLLARS


$15
$36

$52




$3

$3



$2
$4

$6



$2
$3

$6
$21
$48


,843.2
, 940 . 0

,783.2



$555.0
,215.0

,770.0



,112.1
,559.7

,671.8



,587.2
,955.0

,542.2
,097.5
,669.7


$15
$41

$57




$3

$3



$2
$5

$7



$3
$4

$7
$22
$53


, 940 . 5
,386.0

,326.5



$627.6
,265.0

,892.6



,274.8
,025.0

,299.8



,437.1
,200.0

,637.1
,280.0
,876.0


$16
$40

$56




$3

$3



$2
$4

$7



$3
$4

$7
$22
$52
REQUEST
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
IN THOUSANDS)


,190.0
,329.5

,519.5



$652.6
,106.8

,759.4



,436.6
,974.4

,411.0



,402.6
,165.4

,568.0
,681.8
,576.1


$17
$40

$58




$3

$3



$2
$4

$7



$3
$4

$7
$24
$52


,811
,329

,140



$673
,106

,780



,054
,974

,028



,739
,165

,904
,277
,576


.1
.5

.6



.4
.8

.2



.1
.4

.5



.0
.8

.8
.6
.5


$1,621


$1,621



$20


$20



-$382


-$382



$336


$336
$1,595



.1


.1



.8


.8



.5


.5



.4
$4

.8
.8
$4
 Compliance

Waste Management       TOTAL  $69,767.2  $76,156.0  $75,257.9  $76,854.1    $1,596.2
Regulations,
Guidelines & Policies
                                       5-20

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                                                   HAZARDOUS WASTE
                                 Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines & Policies

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies - Hazardous
Waste

Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies - Office of
Air and Radiation

Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies - Office of
Water

Regulations, Guidelines
and Policies - Under-
ground Storage Tanks

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
235.2      239.1      239.4      239.1
             -.3
 10.4       13.0       13.0
 52.0       64.1       63.4
13.0
 46.3       59.5       59.3       48.7
68.2
343.9      375.7      375.1      369.0
           -10.6
4.8
            -6.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies - Hazardous
Waste

Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies - Office of
Air and Radiation

Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies - Office of
Water

Regulations, Guidelines
and Policies - Under-
ground Storage Tanks

TOTAL WORKYEARS
240.4      239.1      239.4      239.1
 10.4       13.0       13.0
13.0
 56.5       67.6       66.9       68.2
             -.3
 49.2       60.9       60.7       48.7       -12.0
             1.3
356.5      380.6      380.0      369.0       -11.0
                                        5-21

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                                HAZARDOUS WASTE
            Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines, and Policies


Budget Request

     The  Agency  requests  a   total  of  $76,854,100  supported  by  369  total
workyears  for 1990,  an  increase  of  $1,596,200  and  a decrease  of  11  total
workyears from 1989.  Of  the request,  $24,277,600 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and  $52,576,500 will be  for the  Abatement,  Control,  and
Compliance appropriation, increases of $1,595,800 and $400,  respectively.   The
increase  in  Salaries  and  Expenses  reflects increased personnel and support
costs.   The  decrease  in total workyears  reflects completed  water  regulatory
activities.
REGULATIONS. GUIDELINES. AND POLICIES -- HAZARDOUS WASTE

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $58,140,600  supported  by 239.1  total
workyears for  this  program,  of which $17,811,100 will  be  for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $40,329,500 will be  for  the  Abatement, Control, and
Compliance  appropriation.   This represents an  increase of  $1,621,100  for the
Salaries and Expenses  appropriation,  no change in  the  Abatement, Control, and
Compliance  appropriation,  and  a  decrease  of  0.3  total  workyears   from  1989
levels.  The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and
support costs.

     The Agency will continue the development and promulgation of the remaining
major regulations required by  the  Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA).
Regulations  that require  corrective action  at  solid  waste management  units
will be finalized in 1990.   The Agency  will promulgate the treatment standards
for  the final  group  of  hazardous  wastes  in  the  land disposal restrictions
schedule.   The Agency will  also begin setting treatment  standards  for wastes
listed as hazardous since the  1984 Amendments,  and  soil and debris wastes from
RCRA corrective  actions and  Superfund remedial  actions.  Completing evaluation
of remaining HSWA-required  listings  such as  Dyes and  Pigments,  Used Oil, and
Coke, will largely fulfill the Agency's HSWA mandates.  In addition,  the Agency
will continue  to develop  and disseminate technical guidance  to permit writers
on  the new regulations,   including  guidance  on  land disposal  restrictions,
hazardous and solid waste incineration,  and corrective measures.

   , The Agency  will continue  to expand efforts  to address nonhazardous waste
issues  of  national  significance by serving as  a technical  clearinghouse for
nonhazardous waste  management  information,  options, and guidelines.   Following
final  revision of  the  Subtitle D  (nonhazardous  waste) Criteria  in  1989, the
Agency  will assist states  in  developing  solid waste  management plans.   The
Agency will continue to address growing national  concern for the safe disposal
of municipal waste  combustion  ash  by developing guidelines  for  ash  disposal.
In addition, the Agency will develop regulations on medical wastes.
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     Improving  states'  capabilities  to perform hazardous  waste  management
activities will  remain  a  high Agency priority.   The Agency will  streamline
state  authorization  and withdrawal  procedures  requirements, and  will process
HSWA authorization packages  to ensure that states adopt  Federal  provisions as
early as possible.

     The Agency  will continue to revise hazardous waste regulations  based on
evaluation of  the  effectiveness  of HSWA and pre-HSWA  regulations.   The Agency
may further revise the  organic toxicity  characteristic to more  fully encompass
the hazardous  waste  universe  and  to reflect changes to maximum contaminant
levels.   The Agency  will  continue  to review rulemaking petitions,  including
delisting petitions,  submitted by  the public and the regulated  community in
order  to  more  effectively characterize  the  hazardous  waste universe  and ease
any unnecessary regulatory burdens.

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the Agency  is  allocating a  total  of  $56,519,500  supported by
239.4  total  workyears  for  this program,  of which  $16,190,000  is  from  the
Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation  and  $40,329,500  is  from the  Abatement,
Control, and Compliance appropriation.

     The Agency is continuing to develop and revise hazardous waste regulations
to respond to  HSWA requirements.   The Agency will  propose  major  revisions to
the location  standards for  hazardous waste facilities,  as  well  as  technical
requirements for performing corrective  action  at facilities where  hazardous
constituents have  contaminated the  environment.   The  Agency will  promulgate a
rule providing delay  of closure  of  certain  hazardous waste  facilities that are
capable of receiving nonhazardous wastes..  EPA will also promulgate regulations
allowing. alternative  closure  activities based  on certain site-specific waste
and  location  factors,  as  well  as  regulations  that  establish  permitting
requirements for mobile treatment units and experimental facilities.

     The Agency is continuing to develop a comprehensive nationwide program for
the  safe management  of municipal  solid waste.    The Agency  will  issue  the
Municipal  Solid  Waste  Strategy,  which  will  outline  options  and  preferred
practices  to  help  states and municipalities develop integrated solid waste
management programs.  EPA will also continue work on final  Subtitle D criteria
revisions mandated by HSWA.

     EPA is continuing  to refine the definition of the hazardous waste universe
to include wastes  that  pose  a  hazard and to exclude benign wastes.  The Agency
is finalizing  a regulation  incorporating  a new test  for determining wastes'
toxicity, the Toxicity  Characteristic Leaching Procedure.  This regulation will
also add approximately  forty  hazardous constituents  to the Toxicity Charac-
teristic.  The Agency is also  finalizing regulations to list primary treatment
sludge  from  certain  petroleum refining processes,  as well  as proposing  the
listing of wastes  from  wood  preserving and  surface protection industries.  The
Agency  is continuing  its  review and promulgation  of decisions  on  delisting
petitions and other rulemaking petitions.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency obligated  a total of  $52,783,200  supported by 240.4
total  workyears  for  this program,  of which $15,843,200 was  from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $36,940,000 was from the Abatement, Control,  and
Compliance appropriation.     ;


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     In  1988,  EPA  promulgated  regulations  banning  the  land  disposal  of
untreated hazardous waste included  in  the  First  Third of the scheduled wastes.
The  Agency  enhanced permitting  regulations  by  finalizing requirements  for
permitting  miscellaneous hazardous  waste  facilities,  and  by finalizing  the
permit modification  rule.   EPA also provided  relief  to  many facilities having
difficulties obtaining  certification of financial  responsibility by finalizing
regulations offering new mechanisms for proving liability coverage.  The Agency
continued work on the incinerator amendments and waste-as-fuel regulations,  and
issued several  guidance documents  on  permitting  incinerators and  conducting
effective  trial  burns.   The  Agency also  finalized regulations  modifying  the
statistical  procedures  to   be used when monitoring for ground-water contami-
nation.

     The Agency continued development of a strong nonhazardous waste program by
issuing the  draft Municipal  Solid  Waste  Strategy: An Agenda for Action.   EPA
also proposed  the HSWA-mandated  Subtitle  D Criteria  revisions.   Also  in  the
area of nonhazardous wastes, EPA published final Federal procurement guidelines
for re-refined  oil and paper, and  proposed guidelines  for  the  procurement of
tires  and  insulation.   The Agency  issued reports  to  Congress  on large-volume
wastes from utilities and the production of oil and gas.


REGULATIONS. GUIDELINES. AND POLICIES -- OFFICE OF AIR AND RADIATION

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests   a   total of $3,780,200 supported  by  13.0  total
workyears  for  this  program,  of which  $673,400  will be  for the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation  and  $3,106,800  will be for the Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance  appropriation.    This  represents  an increase  of  $20,800 for  the
Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation,  no change  in the Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation, and no change in total workyears from 1989.

     In  1990 the  program  will  continue  the  development  of regulations  for
organic emissions from  the  seven  types  of treatment,  storage,  and disposal
facilities  (TSDF) area  sources.    These  types  of sources  include:   surface
impoundments,  landfills,   wastewater   treatment   tanks,  waste   piles,   land
treatment  facilities, pretreatment  facilities, and transfer operations.   Some
sources will  require additional  regulations  to control emissions  of specific
toxic  constituents  that will not be  covered by the  1991 rule.   This program
will also  provide  technical  support  for  states  and  EPA Regional  offices in
implementing the TSDF regulations.

1989 Program

     In 1989  the  Agency is  allocating  a total of  $3,759,400 supported by 13.0
total  workyears  to  this program,  of which $652,600  is  from the Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $3,106,800 is  from  the Abatement, Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     In 1989 efforts are continuing on the development  of regulations for the
seven types of TSDF area source types listed above.  Proposal of regulations is
currently  scheduled  for late 1990.  An accelerated rule  covering  a subset of
TSDF area  source  types including  fugitive emissions  and  waste solvents  is
scheduled to be promulgated in 1989.
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1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of $3,770,000 supported by 10.4 total
workyears, of  which  $555,000 was from the  Salaries  and Expenses appropriation
and $3,215,000 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.

     In 1988 work continued on the interim development of the TSDF rules.


REGULATIONS. GUIDELINES. AND POLICIES -- OFFICE OF WATER

1990 Program Request

     In 1990, the Agency requests a total of $7,028,500 supported by 48.7 total
workyears  for  this program, of  which $2,054,100 will be for  the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and $4,974,400 will be  for the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance appropriation.   This  represents a decrease  of $382,500 in Salaries
and  Expenses and  a  decrease  of 12.0 workyears.    The decrease  reflects  the
reduction  in the  number  of Publicly-Owned Treatment Works  (POTWs)  requiring
corrective action and completion of the double-liner waiver assessment.

     In 1990,  the Agency  will continue information-gathering and sampling of
specific Domestic Sewage Study (DSS) industries -- wastewaters will be screened
and analyzed for hazardous constituents.  Data summaries and decision documents
will be prepared for industries upon completion of a study of that industry.

     The  Agency  will  develop  guidance   for   implementing  the  new  specific
discharge prohibitions, including  ignitability/explosivity  and reactivity/fume
toxicity.     The  Agency  will  establish  numerical  discharge  limits  or  other
controls  to protect  worker  health  and  safety,  establish Best Professional
Judgment  technology-based  limits for  centralized water treaters,  and perform
toxicity  testing and  reduction evaluations  for  POTWs.   Contract  assistance
will be  provided  to Regions  and  states  for  toxicity screening/testing  and
modifying/developing local limits for controlling hazardous and toxic pollutant
discharges from industrial users discharging to POTWs.

     Oversight of  follow-up activity  supplementing  the original POTW Section
3007 survey  will continue.  EPA will continue to implement corrective action
requirements for  a small number of  POTWs  and continue to focus  on control of
hazardous and  toxic  pollutants  through implementation  of  recommendations from
the DSS.

     In 1990,  a  corrective action program under Section 3004(u)  of  RCRA will
continue to be implemented for Class I hazardous waste injection wells and will
include assessments of prior or continuing releases and proposals for clean-up.
The Regions will prepare assessments/site investigations of those wells where a
previous  or  continuing release  has  been  identified.   Proposals  for clean-up
will be developed and incorporated into the Underground Injection Control (UIC)
permits.

     Headquarters  will continue to  develop  guidance and  provide  technical
advice  for  Regions  and  states  in  implementing  hazardous  waste  disposal
restrictions.   Headquarters  will continue  to assist  Regions  and  states  in
reviewing facility petitions  and will provide  technical assistance  to Regions
and states in enforcing the loss of facility interim status.
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     Pursuant to  Sections  3004(f)  and (g),  the Agency will  continue to review
petitions  from  operators who  want to continue  injecting banned wastes.   Any
necessary  UIC  permit   modifications  required   to   implement  the  land  ban
provisions will also be reviewed.  The Agency will continue to provide training
for  modeling applied  to  Class I hazardous  waste   well petition  work.    In
addition, EPA will initiate a  study  to determine  whether the Class I hazardous
waste regulations should be applied to all Class 1 wells.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,411,000 supported by 60.7
total workyears for this program,  of which  $2,436,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and $4,974,400  is  from  the Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     During  1989,  EPA Headquarters  is  working towards  developing regulations
for  the  Pharmaceuticals  industry,   which  will  improve  controls  on  toxic
pollutants, hazardous wastes,  and hazardous constituents.  Headquarters is also
initiating   regulation   development  for   the  equipment   manufacturing   and
rebuilding industry and  the hazardous waste  treaters  industry.   Sludge use and
disposal screening for RCRA constituents  is  continuing.   The Regions and POTWs
are  developing  new  local  limits  to  address hazardous pollutants  and  are
increasing the number of spill  prevention plans  initiated.   The Agency is also
proposing  changes  to  the National Pollutant   Discharge  Elimination  System
(NPDES) and  general pretreatment regulations  based on recommendations from the
DSS.

     EPA  and  states  are  continuing   to   implement  the  corrective  action
requirement  for  POTWs  that accept hazardous waste.   EPA will follow up on the
original survey  with  a  supplemental  Section 3007  POTW survey.  : EPA and states
are  collecting  and  analyzing  data  submitted by POTWs,  and the Regions  are
undertaking  or  overseeing  necessary facility assessments,   conducting  visual
site inspections  and sampling  visits,  and implementing remedial investigations
and corrective measures at appropriate POTWs.  EPA and states are continuing to
implement  the  RCRA  corrective action   requirements,   focusing  on  the  RCRA
facility  investigations  and initiation  of   interim corrective  actions  where
appropriate.   Implementation  of RCRA pretreatment and sludge control require-
ments, based on the DSS,  continues  through establishment of additional  local
limits  for  industrial  uses of POTWs and  enforcement  of Federally-developed
categorical standards and POTW developed local limits.

     During  1989,  the  Agency  is  planning  to  propose  and  promulgate  the
"Second-Third"  of the  listed  wastes  regulated  under   Section  3004(g);  as  a
result, EPA  expects  to  review  up  to 40 petitions from  operators of hazardous
waste  injection  wells  who are  seeking  exemptions from  the  injection ban,  and
revise or  modify up  to  75 hazardous waste  injection well  permits.   Guidance
outlining  the  criteria  and procedures to be used in developing  geologic data
and modeling waste fate and transport is under development.

     Regional   UIC   permit    writers   are   conducting   corrective   action
investigations for Class I hazardous waste wells, giving priority to wells with
permits  issued  after  November 1984,  which  do  not  include  a  schedule  for
corrective  action.    Owners   or  operators   of   Class   I  wells  must  certify
compliance   with  requirements  for  groundwater  monitoring   and  financial
responsibility in order  to  retain  authorization to inject hazardous materials.
The Regions will  also continue  to  review petitions from operators of hazardous
waste injection wells seeking exemptions from the injection ban under Part 148.
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1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency obligated  a  total of  $6,671,800 supported  by 49.2
total workyears for this program, of which $2,112,100 was from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $4,559,700  was  from the  Abatement, Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     During  1988,  revisions  were  made  to  the  NPDES and  general pretreatment
regulations  due to  the DSS.   The  Regions  also  implemented regulatory changes,
requiring additional  discharge  prohibitions.   Specific  regulatory development
was  undertaken  on  two  industries.     Information  gathering  and  wastewater
sampling  and  analysis of  ten  DSS   industries  continued  and  three  decision
documents were prepared,  along  with guidance documents.   The Agency developed
sludge disposal regulations and continued screening for hazardous constituents.

     Headquarters  developed  procedural  guidance  and  provided  training  to
Regions and  states  on data collection and  evaluation  and on implementation of
corrective action requirements  for  release  of hazardous waste  material from
solid waste  management units.   Training was provided for  POTWs that receive
hazardous  waste.     POTWs were  screened   to  identify  those  which  received
hazardous waste by  dedicated pipe, truck or rail.  Enforcement  efforts focused
on ensuring  that POTWs comply with their reporting mandates and with other RCRA
permit-by-rule  requirements.     The  Agency proposed  state   sludge  program
regulations   that  link   sludge  disposal   and   use   with  hazardous  waste
requirements.

     The  Agency  promulgated  amendments to  the  UIC regulations  for  Class  I
hazardous waste injection wells and the standards and  procedures for petitions
for exemption from  the injection ban.   The effective dates were promulgated in
August 1988,  for restriction on injection of solvents,  dioxins,  California list
wastes and certain "First-Third" listed wastes regulated under Section 3004(g).
This included finalizing the associated regulatory impact analysis.

     Regional UIC permit writers  conducted corrective action   investigations
for Class  I  hazardous waste  wells which  included an assessment  of  prior and
continuing releases and a  proposal for  clean-up.   Regional assessments focused
on the nature  and extent of the  release,  the potential  threat  to human health
and environment,  and recommendations for clean-up.

     Headquarters completed and forwarded the Municipal Wastewater Lagoon Study
to Congress  in December 1987.


REGULATIONS.  GUIDELINES. AND POLICIES -- UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (UST)

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests a  total   of  $7,904,800  supported  by  68.2  total
workyears for  this  program,  of  which $3,739,000 will be  for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,165,800 will be  for the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance  appropriation.   This  represents  increases  of $336,400  for  the
Salaries and Expenses  appropriations  and $400  for the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation,  and a  1.3  total  workyear  increase.    The  increases
will provide additional implementation support for states and Indian tribes.

     The Agency will continue its work to implement a national program based on
principles of franchise management by ensuring  that  states meet the conditions
for an  approvable  program before the  formal  application is  submitted.   The

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number  of state  programs  receiving  Federal  approval  will  increase  as  many
states complete the legislative  and regulatory changes  required to ensure that
1) state programs are no less stringent than the Federal program, and 2) states
have adequate enforcement authorities and capacity.

     The Agency  recognizes  that all  states  may not apply and  be approved for
the UST program; however, the Agency  will encourage and assist these states in
the development of their UST programs.   The  Agency will also increase outreach
efforts to tribal  leaders  and owner/operators with  tanks  on Indian lands, and
will provide the tribes with compliance and enforcement assistance.

     As the  states  implement  the new regulations,  the  Agency will continue to
provide ongoing  technical  information,  assistance and training  support.   The
Agency will  work with  the  states to identify specific areas  for performance
improvement  and  assistance whether  in  technical,  administrative,  legal  or
financial  areas.   For  example,  the  Agency will  examine ways to extend the
concepts developed for  leak detection to other areas such as enforcement.  The
Agency also  will select and provide  limited  funding for  Targeted Improvement
Projects to improve state capabilities.

     Because  of  the  size  of  the  regulated  tank universe,  the  Agency  will
emphasize voluntary  compliance  by owners and  operators.   Although enforcement
efforts will focus on informal  actions  and streamlined enforcement procedures,
Federal enforcement will target national precedent-setting actions.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency  is allocating  a total of $7,568,000 supported by 66.9
total workyears for this program, of  which $3,402,600 is from  the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and $4,165,400  is  from   the  Abatement,  Control,  and
Compliance appropriation.

     Due to the diverse nature of environmental problems caused by leaking USTs
and the size  of the regulated community,  the  Agency has designed the national
program for  implementation  at  the state  and local level using principles of a
franchiser-type organization.   EPA's  role in  implementing this approach is to
provide  ongoing  support  and  services   to  state  programs.    State  needs  are
identified during routine communications and in program reviews.  The Agency is
continuing to assist  the states  to  improve their  performance in specific areas
such as tank inspections,  closures,  enforcement and the administrative tasks of
regulating thousands of tanks.

     In 1989,  the Agency  will  1)  provide  technical  support  and  training to
states  as  they  develop their  programs;  2) review and approve  a significant
number  of state program   applications;  and  3)   assist  states  in  preparing
applications to meet  Federal approval standards.   The Agency is also assisting
the states in developing communication  strategies, and negotiates and oversees
state grants.

     The  Agency's enforcement   strategy  emphasizes  voluntary  compliance  and
promotes innovative techniques to achieve non-voluntary enforcement.

     EPA  is  continuing to  develop informational  tools for  professional  use,
such  as  videos  to  demonstrate  correct procedures  for tank  installation and
tank closure.  The Agency is also developing other videos and brochures for the
general public.
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     The final rule for financial responsibility for tanks containing hazardous
substances was issued in October 1988.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency  obligated  a  total of  $6,542,200 supported  by 56.5
total  workyears,   of which  $2,587,200  was  from  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation  and  $3,955,000  from  the  Abatement,  Control,  and  Compliance
appropriation.

     The Agency issued  final  regulations  on corrective  action,  leak detection,
and  technical  performance  standards  for  new and  existing tanks  that  contain
petroleum products  and  hazardous substances, as  well as  final  regulations on
requirements  for  state  programs.   The  Agency developed  supplemental policies
and  guidances  on  the  process  and  requirements for  state regulatory  program
authorization.

     The Agency negotiated UST grants with all states and provided technical
assistance and guidance for implementation  and  enforcement.   Efforts to assist
the  states  with   program  development  and the  program  application  process
included training and pilot projects  on developing  applications  and a handbook
on state financing mechanisms.

     The Agency also developed  and distributed informational  tools including
video tapes demonstrating correct procedures for tank installation and closure.
Brochures were also developed and distributed,  including  Musts  for USTs which
describes the  technical  standards  in plain English and a handbook on building
state compliance programs.
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                                                   HAZARDOUS WASTE
                                                . Financial Assistance

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

PROGRAM
Hazardous Waste
Management Financial
Assistance To States
 Abatement Control and        $68,593.7  $66,000.0  $66,020.0  $70,000.0    $3,980.0
 Compliance
                       TOTAL  $68,593.7  $66,000.0  $66,020.0  $70,000.0    $3,980.0

Underground Storage
Tanks State Grants
 Abatement Control and         $7,110.0   $9,000.0   $9,000.0   $9,000.0
 Compliance
                       TOTAL   $7,110.0   $9,000.0   $9,000.0   $9,000.0


TOTAL:
 Abatement Control and        $75,703.7  $75,000.0  $75,020.0  $79,000.0    $3,980.0
 Compliance

Financial Assistance   TOTAL  $75,703.7  $75,000.0  $75,020.0  $79,000.0    $3,980.0
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                                HAZARDOUS WASTE
                              Financial Assistance
Budget Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total of  $79,000,000  for  this  program for  the
Abatement,  Control and  Compliance  appropriation.    This  is  an increase  of
$3,980,000 from the level provided in 1989.


HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO STATES

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of  $70,000,000 for this program, all of which
will  be  for  the Abatement,  Control,   and  Compliance  appropriation.    This
represents an  increase of $3,980,000 to  provide additional  support  for state
corrective action, compliance monitoring,  and development  of state programs as
they move toward authorization to administer the hazardous waste program.

     EPA Regions will support the development of state capability in 1990.  The
states will  increase efforts to develop  legislation and  regulations to achieve
equivalence  with  the  Federal  hazardous  waste management program.   EPA expects
that fifty states will be authorized  for  the base program and will be actively
working toward authorization  for specific Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendment
(HSWA) provisions.

     The  states will  ensure  that  noncompliance is  identified  and  addressed
through  timely  and  appropriate  enforcement  actions and  that handlers  are
returned to  compliance.   A priority activity will  be  compliance monitoring at
generators and transporters, especially with respect  to  land ban requirements.
The  states  will  take  enforcement   actions against  facilities  and  oversee
adherence to compliance  schedules.    The  states will take  enforcement actions
for violation of approved closure plans.   The states will inspect all operating
land disposal and incineration facilities annually,  one half of all storage and
treatment  facilities  and  closed   land   disposal   facilities,  the  mandated
inspections  at  Federal and local  government  facilities,  and a targeted portion
of generators  and transporters.   Inspections will  be conducted to support the
processing  of  permit  applications,  and to  ensure  compliance  with  permit
provisions or existing administrative and judicial actions.

     The states will ensure that  corrective  action  initiated in prior years is
fully  supported   through   the   implementation   of  the   appropriate  remedy.
Corrective action orders and compliance  schedules  in the  permits  will  ensure
that corrective measures are  taken by the owner/operator  at their facilities.
States will  monitor  the progress of corrective  actions through  oversight of
the owner/operator's RCRA Facility Investigation, development of the corrective
measures  study,  and   implementation  of  the remedy  to  ensure  that work  is
performed  correctly.    New RCRA Facility Assessments  will  be initiated  at
storage and  treatment facilities  seeking permits.    Judicial  actions will be
initiated  when  a  permit  schedule  or  administrative   order  is  considered
insufficient  to  compel  the owner/operator   to  undertake   corrective  measures
that would protect human health and the environment.
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     The  states  will  continue  processing  an  increasing  number  of  permit
modifications.   Operating  facilities' permits will  require modification due to
a  number  of  factors,  including  corrective  action  requirements,  facility
improvements, expanding capacity, and changing waste  streams.   The states will
focus on processing most closure  plans  for land  disposal facilities by the end
of 1990.  Work will begin on the processing of permits for burners and blenders
who burn waste as fuel, and post-closure permitting will increase in 1990.

1989 Program

     In  1989,   the Agency  is  allocating  a  total  of $66,020,000  for  this
program,  all   of which   is  from  the  Abatement,   Control   and  Compliance
appropriation.

     States are required to  amend their programs to incorporate the provisions
of RCRA and  HSWA; they are proposing legislation and upgrading regulations to
achieve equivalence with the Federal hazardous waste management program.

     Permitting efforts are  directed toward  meeting the November 1989 deadline
for issuing permits to all operating incineration facilities and for processing
permit  modifications.    The states  are  also  completing  processing of  final
permit  determinations  for  land disposal   facilities  by the  November  1988
deadline.    The  states are  emphasizing compliance  monitoring  and enforcement
efforts that will ensure adequate environmental  safeguards for the generation,
transportation, and disposal of hazardous waste.  The states  are investigating
releases  at facilities to  determine  the   need  for  corrective  action.    As
releases  are   identified,  the  states  and  EPA  are  ensuring   that  the
owner/operators address the contamination.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the Agency  obligated a  total of  $68,593,700,  all  of  which was
from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.

     The states  developed legislation  and  regulations  to achieve equivalence
with  the  Federal hazardous  waste  management  program.   A  number  of states
submitted applications for authorization for  the  various provisions  of HSWA.
The  states  and  Regions worked jointly on  processing  permits for  those HSWA
provisions  for  which  states   were not authorized,  particularly  corrective
action.

     The states  placed a high  priority on  processing  permit  applications for
land  disposal  facilities  in order  to  meet the November 1988  HSWA deadline.
Processing incineration permit applications  was also a high priority due to the
November 1989 deadline.

     The  states  performed  the  mandated  inspections  and  took  appropriate
enforcement  actions.    In  addition,   the   states  performed  RCRA  Facility'
Assessments  to support  the permitting program and to  prioritize  sites  for
corrective action.
                                5-32

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UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK GRANTS

1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of $9,000,000 for  this program,  all of which
will  be  for  the  Abatement,  Control,  and Compliance  appropriation.    This
represents no change from 1989.

     Resources provided to the states will be used to supplement state funds in
the  development  and  implementation of  state Underground  Storage Tank  (UST)
programs.   State program  approval is expected to be  a major  activity in 1990.
Many states, having completed the necessary legislative and regulatory changes,
will be  applying for  state program approval.   In addition,  these states will
be  building program  capacity for  administering the  entire  Federal  program.
Other  states  will continue  to develop  and  update  their  legislative  and
regulatory   standards,   including  technical,    leak  detection,   financial
responsibility and corrective action standards.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the Agency  is  allocating a total of $9,000,000  for this program,
all  of  which  is from  the Abatement,  Control,  and  Compliance  appropriation.
UST grant funds  are being used primarily to  stimulate development of state UST
programs.    Most  states   are  initiating  legislative and  regulatory  changes
necessary  for the  state   standards  to  be  no less   stringent  than  the  final
Federal  standards.   Some  states will  complete this  process  in 1989,  and are
then  expected to begin the state  program  approval process.    This  includes
working with EPA to ensure that the application is complete and then submitting
the application  for  formal review  and approval.   In addition,  states  will be
building program capacity for administering the entire Federal program.

     The  phasing-in  of   the  financial responsibility   and  leak  detection
regulations will generate an additional workload as states  process  increased
numbers of  tank  closures.   Implementation of these  regulations  will  require a
systematic  outreach  and  follow-up  to  owner/operators  of tanks  to  increase
voluntary compliance with the new regulations.   States will continue to process
tank notifications and  take  appropriate  enforcement  actions against violators.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency  obligated $7,110,000 for  the  program,  all  of  which
was from the Abatement,  Control,  and Compliance appropriation.  UST grant funds
were used  to  stimulate development of  state UST programs.  Forty-two states
have  developed legislative  authorities  and proposed regulatory  standards  to
regulate underground storage tanks.

     Implementation   activities   continued   as   states   processed   tank
notifications.   Enforcement efforts focused  on  the  development  of  compliance
and enforcement  programs   and, in some  cases, on the enforcement of existing
state  regulations  equivalent  to  the  Interim  Prohibition requirements.    An
important activity was  the continuation  of efforts to develop multi-year state
funding  mechanisms,   such as  permit  and  license   fees,   gasoline  taxes  and
surcharges.
                               5-33

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                                                   HAZARDOUS WASTE
                                     Waste Management Strategies Implementation

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Waste
Management Regulatory
Strategies
Implementation
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
       $15,328.7  $15,816.6  $15,395.1  $16,788.0    $1,392.9
        $3,997.9   $8,279.8   $8,257.2  $10,257.2    $2,000.0
                       TOTAL  $19,326.6  $24,096.4  $23,652.3  $27,045.2    $3,392.9
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance

Waste Management
Strategies
Implementation
       $15,328.7  $15,816.6  $15,395.1  $16,788.0    $1,392.9
        $3,997.9   $8,279.8   $8,257.2  $10,257.2    $2,000.0
TOTAL  $19,326.6  $24,096.4  $23,652.3  $27,045.2    $3,392.9
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Waste
Management Regulatory
Strategies
Implementation

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
           346.4
           346.4
352.5
352.5
347.3
347.3
379.8
379.8
32.5
32.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Waste
Management Regulatory
Strategies
Implementation

TOTAL WORKYEARS
           376.3
           376.3
380.0
380.0
374.8
374.8
379.8
379.8
 5.0
 5.0
                                      5-34

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                                HAZARDOUS WASTE
                   Waste Management  Strategies  Implementation
Budget Request
     The Agency  requests a total  of  $27,045,200 supported by  379.8 workyears
for 1990, an increase of $3,392,900 and 5 workyears from 1989.  Of the request,
$16,788,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $10,257,200
will be  for the Abatement,  Control, and Compliance appropriation,  increases of
$1,392,900 and $2,000,000, respectively.


HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IMPLEMENTATION

1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a total  of  $27,045,200 supported by  379.8 workyears
for this program,  of which $16,788,000 will be for the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation  and  $10,257,200  will   be   for   the Abatement,   Control,  and
Compliance  appropriation.     This represents   increases  of  $1,392,900  and
$2,000,000, respectively, and  an increase of 5 workyears.   The increases will
allow  EPA  to provide  additional support to  states as they  revise  their non-
hazardous waste management programs to achieve equivalence with the new Federal
criteria for solid waste facilities.

     The  Regions  will   continue   efforts   to   support  the  development  and
upgrading of state, legislation and regulations  to  achieve equivalence with the
Federal  hazardous  waste management program.   This support  from  the Regions,
along  with  the  resources available to  the  states  through  the  Hazardous Waste
Management Financial Assistance grants,  is designed to  develop state capability
to manage effective hazardous  waste management programs.   Fifty states will be
authorized  for  the   base   program  and  will  be actively  working  toward
authorization  for   specific   Hazardous  and  Solid   Waste  Amendment  (HSWA)
provisions.

     In  1990,  permitting activities will   shift   from  meeting the  statutory
deadline  for permitting incineration  facilities   to  permit modification  and
permit appeal processing.   The Regions  and  states  will continue processing an
increasing number of permit modifications in 1990.   Operating facility permits
will  require  modification  due to  a  number  of  factors,  including  corrective
action requirements, expanding capacity, and changing  waste streams.   A number
of permits are likely to be appealed,  particularly at land disposal facilities.
The Regions and  states will complete the processing of closure plans for land
disposal facilities by the  end of 1990, and will  increase post-closure permit
processing.  Permit activities at  Federal facilities will be a major workload.
The Agency  will also  make  permit determinations  for  Subpart  X miscellaneous
units.

     Work will continue  on  implementing the RCRA  Information System to enable
the Regions and states to work closely together to monitor facility progress as
well as  national trends.  Efforts to encourage states  to adopt stronger  solid
                               5-35

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waste programs  that  incorporate  the revised criteria will  continue   in  1990.
Resources for   Subtitle D will  be   used to leverage states  toward innovative
solutions to solid waste  issues, and to support  the  states in the development
of solid waste programs consistent with the revised national criteria.

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the Agency  is allocating  a total  of  $23,652,300  supported by
374.8  total workyears  for  this program,  of which  $15,395,100  is from  the
Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation  and  $8,257,200  is  from the  Abatement,
Control, and Compliance appropriation.

     Permitting efforts are directed  toward meeting the  November  1989 deadline
for  issuing permits  to  all operating  incineration facilities and  processing
facility applications for new and expanding capacity.   Efforts to  issue permits
for  environmentally  significant  operating storage and treatment  and Subpart X
facilities are continuing.

     The Regions  are processing an increasing number of permit modifications,
particularly  modifications  that will  result  in new  storage  or  treatment
capacity or in processes  that  minimize a  facility's waste.   Other important
permitting  activities  include  addressing permit appeals  and reviewing closure
plans.

     The  Regions  are  supporting  the  development  and  upgrading  of  state
legislation  and regulations  to  achieve equivalence with  the  Federal hazardous
waste management  program,  as  well as to ensure national consistency.  Through
joint permitting,  the Regions  are  processing those  portions of  the Resource
Conservation and  Recovery  Act permits  that include HSWA provisions  for which
the  states  are  not  authorized.    The Regions are  providing oversight of state
activities   to   ensure  technical   adequacy,   enforceability,   and  national
consistency,  as  well  as   to  provide  state  permit  writers  with  technical
assistance as needed.  The Agency is  providing  specific  guidance  on especially
complex regulatory requirements  such as corrective action and closure and post-
closure plans.

     The Regions  are assisting  states and  municipalities  in their development
of upgraded Solid Waste (Subtitle D) programs.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency obligated  a total of $19,326,600 supported by 376.3
total  workyears,  of which  $15,328,700 was  from the   Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and $3,997,900 was from  the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.

     The Regions  supported the  states  in  the  development of  hazardous waste
management  programs   equivalent  to  the Federal   program.    With most  states
authorized  for   the  pre-HSWA program,  the Agency  focused  on  oversight  and
technical support activities.  The Regions provided technical assistance to the
states  as  they  developed  legislation  and  regulations  consistent with  the
provisions of HSWA and with regulatory revisions   to the  Federal base program.

     The  Regions  and  states   worked  together  to   process   those  permit
applications  with  HSWA provisions  for   states   not  yet  authorized.    High
priorities  included  processing  the  remainder of  land disposal facility permit
applications for  the November 1988  deadline  and  processing  a  large number of
incineration facility permits to work toward the November 1989 deadline.

                               5-36

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                                                    HAZARDOUS WASTE
                                     Emergency Planning -  Community Right To Know
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990
1989 ]
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Emergency Planning -
Community Right To Know
Salaries & Expenses $1,219.1 $2,221.2 $2,291.2 $2,094.3
Abatement Control and $2,147.8 $2,938.0 $2,912.7 $2,938.0
Compliance
Hazardous Substance $250.3
Superfund
TOTAL $3,617.2 $5,159.2 $5,203.9 $5,032.3
FEMA EMERGENCY TRAINING
- TITLE III
Abatement Control and $4,666.9
Compliance .
TOTAL $4,666.9
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $1,219.1 $2,221.2 $2,291.2 $2,094.3
Abatement Control and $6,814.7 $2,938.0 $2,912.7 $2,938.0
Compliance
Hazardous Substance $250.3
Superfund
Emergency Planning - TOTAL $8,284.1 $5,159.2 $5,203.9 $5,032.2
Community Right To Know
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Emergency Planning - 19.7 29.5 29.5 32.0
Community Right To Know
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 19.7 29.5 29.5 32.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
.990 VS 1989


-$196.9
$25.3
-$171.6




-$196.9.
$25.3
-$171.6

2.5
2.5

Emergency Planning -
Community Right To Know

TOTAL WORKYEARS
22.3
22.3
30.5
30.5
30.5
30.5
32.0
32.0
1.5
1.5
                                       5-37

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                                HAZARDOUS WASTE
          Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know -- Title III


Budget Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of   $5,032,300  supported  by  32.0  total
workyears for  1990.   Of  the request,  $2,094,300 will be  for  the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation  and $2,938,000 will be for the Abatement,  Control,  and
Compliance appropriation.  These levels represent a decrease of $196,900 and an
increase  of  $25,300  respectively,  as   well as  an  increase  of  1.5  total
workyears.   The  Agency  is  not  requesting  $5,000,000  in emergency  training
grants under Section 305(a).   Instead, the Federal  Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA) will request funding for these grants.


EMERGENCY PLANNING AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW -- TITLE III

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of   $5,032,300  supported  by  32.0  total
workyears for  1990.   Of  the request,  $2,094,300 will be  for  the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation  and $2,938,000 will be for the Abatement,  Control,  and
Compliance appropriation.  These levels represent a decrease of $196,900 and an
increase  of  $25,300  respectively,  as   well as  an  increase  of  1.5  total
workyears.

   ;  The  increases   reflect  the   expanding  enforcement  efforts   and  the
increasing support  needs  of  the  states.   A large  quantity  of new  Title III
information generated by the expansion  of the Occupational Safety  and Health
Administration's  hazard  communication   standard   and  by   lower   Superfund
Amendments  and   Reauthorization   Act  of   1986   (SARA)   Section  311/312/313
thresholds will  be  sent  to  states  and local communities  in 1990.   The Agency
will develop  risk communication and information management  guidance  to assist
local groups  in  interpreting and  using this  new and complex information.   The
Agency  will  also  continue  to  provide  technical  assistance  and training  in
emergency plan development  and  review,   table-top  and field  simulations,  and
hazard  analysis.    Assistance  will also be  given  to  Tribal governments  to
implement Title  III  programs on Indian lands.   Finally,  the  framework for the
enforcement program will be in place, and will be an area of increased emphasis
in 1990.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the Agency  is  allocating a total of  $5,203,900 supported by 30.5
total  workyears,  of which  $2,291,200   is  from  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation  and $2,912,700  is  from the  Abatement,  Control, and  Compliance
appropriation.

     The Agency provides program direction, regulations,  and technical guidance
for  the  National  Emergency  Planning  and  Community  Right-to-Know  program.
Current activities include:   1) developing chronic  toxicity,  flammability,  and
                               5-38

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reactivity criteria for  the  extremely  hazardous  substance list and undertaking
associated  rulemaking;  2)  developing  and updating  guidance  for  emergency
planning; 3)  developing  regulations on reporting requirements  and guidance on
the organization and use of  community  right-to-know information;  4) evaluating
trade   secret  claims;   and  5)   developing   policies   and   procedures   for
implementing the enforcement program.

     This is a critical year for the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-
Know program  as  many  state  and  local  governments are moving  from planning to
implementation activities in response to a 1989 statutory deadline.  Many local
emergency  response  plans  are  being  completed  and  are  moving  into  plan
simulation  and  revision/improvement  phase.     The  Agency  provides  relevant
guidance,  technical assistance,  and  training  to  states  and priority  area
communities in conducting plan simulations and  in  improving these plans.   The
Agency  also  provides  assistance to communities which  have yet  to meet  the
statutory deadlines, in order to expedite their compliance.

     A  shift  from  policy development to program implementation  is also taking
place in the Title III enforcement program as the Agency is working to finalize
procedures for Title  III hearings  and to encourage states  to  begin taking on
their own enforcement  cases.   To launch  the enforcement effort,  the Agency is
handling  several  administrative actions  this   year,   which  demonstrate  the
procedures of the Title III enforcement program to the states.

     The program  is continuing  to  evaluate  chemicals  against  the additional
criteria  for  the  extremely  hazardous   substances  list  and  is  preparing
associated rulemaking  where  necessary.    The Agency  is  evaluating the  SARA
Section 311/312 (community right-to-know) reporting thresholds set in 1987 and,
if needed, will adjust the thresholds  and required  forms.  Also, the Title III
Indian  policy will be   finalized.     The  Agency  is  evaluating  trade  secret
information and ruling on reporting exemptions resulting from Section 322 trade
secrecy  claims.    Risk  communication  assistance is available  to  states  and
priority  area communities  to  assist  them  in  interpreting  the  information
generated through the  Title  III  reporting processes,  in  understanding the risk
involved with listed chemicals,  and in undertaking  planning and other actions
to protect public health and the environment.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988, the Agency obligated  a  total   of  $3,617,200  and  22.3  total
workyears  for this  program,  of  which  $1,219,100  was  from the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation,   $2,147,800  was  from  the  Abatement,  Control,  and
Compliance  appropriation,  and  $250,300  was  from  the  Hazardous  Substance
Superfund appropriation.   Additionally,  FEMA  obligated a total  of $4,666,900
from the  Abatement, Control and Compliance  appropriation  for  Section 305(a)
training grants  to states;  a total of  $333,000 will  carryover  into  1989 to
complete the Agency's participation in FEMA's grant program.

     In 1988,  the Agency promulgated the Title III trade secret regulations and
community right-to-khow  requirements.    It  also delisted extremely hazardous
substances in response to the Section 302  updating  and  revision provisions of
the  Act.  A draft  Title III Indian policy  was  developed.   Additionally,  the
                               5-39

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Agency completed  its  study of public alert programs  and  emergency systems for
detecting,  monitoring,   and  preventing   releases  of   extremely  hazardous
substances  into  the  environment  and submitted  the  results  of this  study  to
Congress.

     In keeping with  its support role,  the Agency,  in cooperation with   FEMA
and the Department of Transportation, developed  Technical Guidance for Hazards
Analysis,  to assist emergency planning efforts of the Local Emergency Planning
Committees.   Finally,  the Agency  held five  national information management
workshops and provided  technical  assistance and training  for  states  and local
governments.
                                5-40

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Enforcement

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990  Budget  Estimate

                              Table of Contents


                                                                        Page

HAZARDOUS WASTE                                                         5-1

ENFORCEMENT
   Hazardous Waste Enforcement 	  5-41

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                                                   HAZARDOUS WASTE
                                             Hazardous Waste Enforcement

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Waste
Enforcement
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
       $19,399.3  $19,368.5  $19,296.7  $21,563.2    $2,266.5
       $20,398.6  $21,100.0  $20,926.7  $21,926.7    $1,000.0

TOTAL  $39,797.9  $40,468.5  $40,223.4  $43,489.9    $3,266.5
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abateme-nt Control and
 Compliance

Hazardous Waste
Enforcement
       $19,399.3  $19,368.5  $19,296.7  $21,563.2    $2,266.5
       $20,398.6  $21,100.0  $20,926.7  $21,926.7    .$1,000.0
TOTAL  $39,797.9  $40,468.5  $40,223.4  $43,489.9    $3,266.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS


Hazardous Waste
Enforcement

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS

TOTAL WORKYEARS
           447.0
           447.0
455.2
455.2
452.9
452.9
489.5
489.5
36.6
36.6
Hazardous Waste
Enforcement

TOTAL WORKYEARS
           476.3
           476.3
485.1
485.1
482.8
482.8
489.5
489.5
 6.7
 6.7
                                       5-41

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                                HAZARDOUS WASTE
                          Hazardous Waste Enforcement
Budget Request

     The Agency  requests  a total  of  $43,489,900 supported by  489.5  workyears
for 1990,  increases of $3,266,500 and  6.7  total workyears from 1989.   Of the
request, $21,563,200  will be for  the  Salaries and Expenses  appropriation and
$21,926,700 will  be for the Abatement, Control,  and  Compliance appropriation.
This  represents  an  increase  of  $2,266,500  for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and an increase of  $1,000,000  for  the Abatement, Control,  and
Compliance appropriation.


HAZARDOUS WASTE ENFORCEMENT

1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total  of  $43,489,900 supported by  489.5  workyears
for this program, of which $21,563,200  will be for  the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation  and  $21,926,700  will  be   for  the  Abatement,  Control,   and
Compliance  appropriation.    This  represents  increases  of  $2,266,500   and
$1,000,000, respectively,  and an  increase  of 6.7  total  workyears from 1989.
The  increases  will  support the  ongoing workload  associated  with  corrective
action and  allow additional capability enhancement and support activities for
the states.

     The Agency  will develop  policies to  guide Regional  oversight of state
enforcement  work,  especially  state  corrective  action  activities  in  both
authorized and unauthorized states.  The Agency  will  issue additional guidance
on corrective  action implementation and enforcement  as  the  corrective  action
program moves from the planning to the implementation phase.  Headquarters  will
develop guidance  on inspections  and enforcement  strategies for implementation
of multimedia measures for  disposal, such as air emissions and special wastes.
Guidance  on  the  enforcement  of  new  regulations  on  land  disposal  of  the
prohibited wastes  as  well as  a guidance for the detection of illegal disposal
will be  revised.   Special  waste guidance will also be developed.   The  Agency
will revise  and update national program policies on enforcement response and
assessed penalties.

     Headquarters will support the Regions  to assist the  states  in  developing
the  Hazardous   and  Solid  Waste  Amendments  of   1984   (HSWA)   enforcement
authorization.    Regions  will  evaluate  state programs  to identify  effective
legal and organizational structures,  implementation problems and strategies, so
that  these  practices  can  be  systematically  shared  with  other  states.   The
program will  increase  emphasis  on  grant   guidelines to  ensure a  nationally
consistent enforcement program,  especially  in the area of  corrective action.

     Corrective   action   activities   will   continue   at  operating   and
environmentally  significant  closing  facilities.   The Agency will continue to
assess the need  for corrective  action at facilities  seeking  operating permits
and to prioritize closing facilities.   The  Agency  will ensure that  facilities
requiring corrective action will  be addressed by the  most  appropriate  means,
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whether  through  the  permlt/post-closure  process,   issuance  of  consent  or
unilateral  administrative order,  or  Superfund authority.    The Agency  will
continue to  promote  effective working relationships with  owners  and operators
to  facilitate  remedy  selection  and  successful  implementation.   Headquarters
will develop and offer training  to  the Regions  and the states on the selection
process and criteria, as well as negotiation strategies.

     The Agency will continue to ensure  that state inspections  are conducted
annually at  all  operating land  disposal  facilities,  and biennially at closed
land disposal  and  treatment  and storage facilities, as  required  by policy and
statute.   Significant generators will be  inspected to  ensure  compliance  with
the expanding land ban regulations.   The Agency will conduct annual inspections
of  state  government  treatment,  storage,  and disposal  facilities.   Facilities
under an administrative order will  generally  receive a follow-up  inspection to
ensure a return to compliance.   The Agency will conduct additional inspections
at  commercial  facilities  to  ensure  that  these  facilities can  manage off-site
Superfund wastes in an environmentally safe manner.

     The Agency  will  coordinate closely  with  the states  to effect  a smooth
implementation of the RCRA Information System,  which  emphasizes automated data
transfer,  wide accessibility,   and  standardized  formats among  the  Regions,
states, and headquarters.

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the Agency is allocating  a total  of  $40,223,400  supported by
482.8 total  workyears,  of which $19,296,700  is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation  and  $20,926,700 is from  the Abatement,   Control, and Compliance
appropriation.

     The Agency is  supporting the  implementation  of inspection activities and
follow-up  enforcement  through  guidance,   training,   and  program  performance
evaluation.   It provides  technical enforcement support for  corrective action
oversight and remedy  selection through guidance development  and training.   The
Agency has  revised its enforcement  policy to allow the Regions  and states to
address  the  most  environmentally   significant facilities   by  a  variety  of
appropriate  means.    As  the enforcement  program  matures,   headquarters  will
focus  its  efforts  on the   evaluation  and  revision  of  the  implementation
strategies and policies.

     Compliance monitoring  and  enforcement  actions  are  being  taken against
handlers that present the  greatest  threat  to  human health and the environment.
The Agency is  ensuring that  environmentally significant releases  are detected.
The facilities  that  have  urgent problems  with  releases or  are in significant
non-compliance  are   addressed   by   administrative  and  judicial  enforcement
actions.    Inspections and   follow-up  enforcement  actions  for  the  surface
impoundment retrofit  deadline of November  1988  will continue.  Federal, state,
and local facilities  that store, treat,  or dispose of hazardous waste are being
inspected  annually  as required by HSWA.   Inspections  of  commercial  land
disposal  and  treatment  facilities  are   conducted  twice  a year  to  ensure
compliance with the  Superfund Off-Site Policy.   Through technical enforcement
support and  state program  evaluations, the Agency  ensures  that the states take
timely and appropriate  enforcement  actions.  When the  states are unwilling or
unable,  the  Agency  initiates enforcement actions.    The  Agency also brings
enforcement actions for violations  of HSWA provisions  for which states are not
authorized.
                               5-43

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     The corrective action  resources  support  initial  assessments,  studies,  and
corrective action oversight of permitted or permit  track facilities as well as
facilities that have been issued  an administrative  order.   Those treatment and
storage facilities  that are scheduled  to  be  permitted in  1990  will  receive a
Resource Conservation Recovery Act (RCRA)  facility assessment in 1989.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the  Agency obligated a total  of $39,797,900 supported by 476.3
total  workyears,  of  which  $19,399,300 was  from  the  Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation, and $20,398,600 was from the Abatement,  Control,  and Compliance
appropriation.

     The Agency strengthened its  compliance monitoring and enforcement program
by issuing inspection guidances,  by training  Regional and state  personnel,  and
by developing an overall strategy for enhancing the professional development of
inspectors.   The  Agency issued a revised RCRA enforcement response  policy to
increase  the  ability   of  EPA  and  the states  to  respond  to  high  priority
violators.  Coordination with Superfund was improved by the Off-Site Policy and
the attendant  proposed  rule,   by the expanded criteria for listing RCRA sites
on the National Priorities List, and  by  the administrative  record  guidance.
Land  disposal  restrictions,   enforcement  strategy  for  solvents/dioxins  and
California  list wastes,  natural  gas  pipeline enforcement strategy,  and  the
enforcement strategy for the surface impoundment retrofitting requirements were
developed.  The Agency  developed  manuals  for  and  training on corrective action
orders.

     The Agency performed the inspections  required by statute and addressed all
but a  few of  the  significant non-compilers  with formal  enforcement actions.
RCRA  Facility ' Assessments  were  performed   to  support  the  incinerator  and
treatment  and  storage  permit  deadlines   and to  address  significant  closing
facilities.    In  addition,  the  Agency,  using  a  variety  of  means,  began
prioritizing  RCRA  facilities   for  corrective  action work.    RCRA  Facility
Investigations were  formally  required  through imposition  of permit conditions
and issuance of administrative orders.
                                5-44

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6. PESTICIDES

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990  Budget  Estimate

                              Table of Contents

                                                                        Page

PESTICIDES                                                              6-1

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   Pesticides Research	'	6-7
      Scientific Assessment	6-13
      Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 	  6-14
      Health Effects 	  6-15
      Environmental Engineering and Technology 	  6-16
      Environmental Processes and Effects	6-17
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
   Registration, Special Registration and Tolerances .  .  ". 	  6-19
      Registration, Special Registration and Tolerances	6-21
      Special Registration 	  6-23
      Tolerances	6-24
   Generic Chemical Review	  6-25
   Pesticides Program Implementation 	  6-30
      Pesticides Program Implementation	6-31
      Pesticides Program Implementation Grants 	  6-32
ENFORCEMENT                                      '
   Pesticides Enforcement	  6-34
      Pesticides Enforcement 	  6-35
      Pesticides Enforcement Grants	6-36

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APPROPRIATION
                                                    PESTICIDES
ACTUAL
1988

ENACTED
1989

CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
 Research & Development

TOTAL, Pesticides
$40,909.1  $42,012.4  $41,619.3  $47,365.0    $5,745.7
$34,625.1  $74,143.1  $73,938.8  $55,329.3  -$18,609.5

 $6,804.9   $8,122.8   $7,789.3   $7,530.3     -$259.0

$82,339.1 $124,278.3 $123,347.4 $110,224.6  -$13,122.8
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
    770.8      824.0      816.0      853.3        37.3
    820.1      831.0      822.8      853.3        30.5
$77,918.8 $107,707.7 $106,905.9 $107,138.7      $232.8
Authorization for the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) expired September 30, 1986.  The
FIFRA Amendments of 1988 reauthorized this program at a •
level of $83,000.0 for 1989, and $95,000.0 for 1990.
                                       6-1

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                                  PESTICIDES
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
     Pesticides  are  among  the  most  beneficial  and  the  most  hazardous  of
substances.   Pesticide products provide  benefits to society,  contributing to
agricultural  productivity  and  controlling human  diseases.    Yet  they  are
inherently hazardous  since they  are  specifically  formulated to be injurious to
living  target  organisms,  and are deliberately introduced into the environment
for  that purpose.   The  Federal Insecticide,  Fungicide,  and  Rodenticide  Act
(FIFRA), as  amended,  and sections  402, 406, 408,  and 409 of the Federal Food,
Drug, and  Cosmetic  Act (FFDCA) give the  Environmental  Protection Agency (EPA)
authority  to regulate  the distribution  and  use  of pesticides in  the  United
States.  The  Agency  is  responsible  for ensuring  that pesticides  perform their
intended functions  without unreasonable  adverse  effects on public  health  and
the  environment.    This  is  a  task  of  enormous scope  and  complexity.    An
estimated 3.5 billion pounds  of  pesticide active  ingredients are used annually
in  this country,  representing  about  1,500 different  active  ingredients  and
40,000 products.

     The Agency's 1990  pesticide  regulation strategy  includes  the  following
elements: 1) registration  of  new products and control of pesticide residues in
the  food  chain,  2)  review  and  reregistration  of  existing  products,   3)
encouragement  of  correct uses of  pesticides,  4)  research  and  development to
support  and  improve  EPA's  ability  to  evaluate  the  risks  and benefits  of
pesticides,  and 5)  the enforcement of pesticide regulations.   In  1990,  the
Agency will place major emphasis on building Regional/state  capabilities in the
emerging areas  of protecting  ground water, workers  occupationally  exposed to
pesticides, and endangered species,  by increasing the Regional and state roles
in tailored management strategies.and  implementation oversight.   Emphasis will
also be  placed on issuing Second Round Reviews  (SRR's  -  formerly called Final
Regulatory Standards  and Tolerance  Reassessments)  for existing pesticides with
complete  data  sets,   and  achieving closure  on  the reregistration of  these
pesticides  by  revising  formulations   and labels  for  the   affected  end-use
products,  as  required.  The  Agency will  also continue efforts  on storage  and
disposal of cancelled and suspended pesticides.

Registration Activities

     FIFRA and FFDCA authorize EPA to set the terms and conditions of pesticide
registration,  marketing,  and  use.    Under  the  registration  program,  new
pesticide  products  are  registered  on the basis  of data  reviewed  by  Agency
scientists, and  current registrations are  amended to add  new uses  and/or  new
formulations.  Manufacturers are required to conduct a full  range of health and
environmental testing  before  marketing their  new products.   This  testing uses
sophisticated  methodology   and   techniques,   enabling  the   Agency  to  more
accurately determine  the  potential  for ground-water  contamination,  residues on
food or  feed, worker  and applicator  exposure, environmental risks,  and chronic
and acute health hazards.

     The registration program also includes special registration and tolerance-
setting activities.   The special registration part of the program will continue
to perform  an auxiliary function by permitting certain unregistered pesticide
uses for experimental  purposes and  to  deal with  emergency pest situations.   It
also provides oversight and guidance to state registration and experimental use
                               6-2

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permit  functions.    The tolerance  part of  the program  establishes safe  and
enforceable  maximum  permissible  residue   levels   (or,   in  some  instances,
exemptions  from  tolerance requirements)  for both  active and  inert pesticide
ingredients in or on raw agricultural commodities and processed foods.

Generic Chemical Review (including Reregistration)

     The  registrations  of  the majority  of existing  pesticide chemicals  are
supported  by  data bases  which the  Agency has  found insufficient  by  today's
scientific  standards to support the  required determination of ^no  unreasonable
adverse effects."   The Generic Chemical Review program  is  designed to remedy
this  by  requiring  the upgrading   of  the  scientific  data  base  supporting
registrations, reviewing  available  data about  each chemical,  and formulating
scientifically   based   regulatory   positions   to   guide   the  modification,
cancellation,  or reregistration of  existing products  and the  registration of
new products.  The major  activities which support  the  Generic Chemical Review
program are as follows:

(1)    In  1990,   the  Agency  will  undertake  a   major new  initiative to  build
Regional and  state capabilities to  deal with  emerging problems of protecting
ground  water,  workers  occupationally  exposed  to  pesticides,  and endangered
species.    These  problems  will  entail a  shift  to more  site-specific  risk
assessments and  management  decisions,  requiring  a more active  Regional  and
state role, and  corresponding increases in Regional positions  and grants.  The
pesticides program will evolve  from  its historical  focus  on national licensing
activities to a more balanced Headquarters/Regional/state effort.

(2)  Registration Standards provide the basis for the interim reregistration of
existing products and for the registration .of new products containing currently
registered  active  ingredients.    Initially established  on  the   basis  of  a
thorough  review  of existing information  on   each pesticide,  the  Standards.
identify  data gaps  which must  be  filled>  and explain  the Agency's  interim
regulatory position on the use of active ingredients common to large numbers of
pesticide  products.    In  order to  have the greatest  impact,  the  program is
initially focusing on the review of  the highest volume  pesticides  and food-use
pesticides.

(3)   Second Round Reviews  (SRR's)  will be a major area  of emphasis in 1990.
When all  the  data required by a Registration Standard  have  been obtained,  the
initial Standard is  revised  by means  of an SRR,  which permits the Agency to
reregister the active ingredient.  This in  turn permits the program to achieve
real world impact through  reregistration closure,  involving  end-use  product
formulation  and  label changes,  as required,  for all  products  containing
reregistered active  ingredients.   Alternatively, review  during either initial
Registration  Standard  development  or  Second  Round  Review  may  result  in
initiation of a Special Review.

(4)   Special Review  is  a  formal  process  by  which  pesticides  suspected of
causing unreasonable  adverse effects are  subjected to  intensive  risk/benefit
analysis,    after  which  appropriate  regulatory   action   is  taken,  such  as
restricting or prohibiting specific uses of  a pesticide.   Special  Reviews will
continue to be a high priority.

(5)    With funds  that were appropriated  for  storage,   transportation  and
disposal of cancelled and suspended  pesticides  for  the  first time  in 1988,  and
substantially increased in 1989, the  Agency will  complete final  disposal of
ethylene dibromide (EDB) stocks in 1989, and plans  to dispose of a significant


                                6-3

-------
portion  of dinoseb.    In 1990,  depending on  the  availability of  permitted
facilities and on  the  results of test burns, the  Agency  will make  significant
progress on disposal of 2,4,5-T/Silvex stocks and any remaining dinoseb stocks.

Pesticides Enforcement

     The enforcement provisions of FIFRA are  carried out  primarily  through the
cooperative  efforts  of  the  states  and  territories,   under  a  program  of
Federal-state  cooperative   enforcement  agreements   established  with   EPA.
Participating  states   and   territories   conduct   use   inspections,   inspect
pesticide-producing  establishments,   maintain  marketplace  surveillance,  and
inspect dealers  and  users of restricted-use pesticides.    In most instances in
which violations are detected, the states and territories develop and prosecute
enforcement cases  as  appropriate.'   In  limited numbers  of cases,  states  and
territories may refer cases to EPA for action. The  Agency encourages the states
and territories to design and operate their enforcement programs so  as to place
greatest emphasis  upon compliance with  the  use provisions of  FIFRA,  thereby
producing  the  greatest environmental benefit.    The Agency will  continue  to
support and manage these cooperative efforts in 1990.

     The Agency  conducts  Federal pesticides  compliance monitoring  programs in
cases  in  which  states  or  territories  are  unable  or   unwilling  to  support
comprehensive compliance monitoring programs of their own.  Federal  programs in
such instances include use investigations,  import  and export surveillance,  and
the preparation  and prosecution of  enforcement  cases.    Other  activities that
are exclusively  the responsibility  of  the Agency include  providing  technical
and  compliance  assistance  to  the  states,   the regulated  community and  the
public, and operating  an  automated data system which maintains  information on
compliance inspections, enforcement  actions and pesticide production.   In 1990
the Agency's  technical and  compliance  assistance  efforts will  also  emphasize
worker  protection,  ground-water protection,  development of  state  enforcement
response policies under FIFRA sections 26  and 27,  and tracking and enforcement
of compliance with pesticide registration requirements.

Research and Development

     The Office  of Research  and  Development  (ORD)  will continue to  support the
Office of  Pesticide  Programs  (OPP) by performing research in the areas of test
method  development  and validation;   biomarkers,  dosimetry  and  extrapolation;
exposure monitoring;  environmental  engineering  and  technology;  environmental
fate and  transport;  ecology  risk  assessment; and  biotechnology.   In addition
biotechnology  research will be  performed  in  the   health and  environmental
processes  and  effects area.   This will   include  methods  development  for
detecting, identifying and monitoring biological pesticide agents in mammalian
cells and gene exchange potential.

Consulting Services

     Consulting  services  are  utilized by the Agency  to  support  the Scientific
Advisory  Panel which,  in accordance with  section  25(d)  of FIFRA,  provides
comments,  evaluations  and recommendations on actions and regulations proposed
by the Agency.
                               6-4

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                                  PESTICIDES
                                              Current
                                   Actual    Estimate     Estimate
                                    1988       1989         1990
                                   Increase*
                                   Decrease-
                                   1990 vs.
                                     1989
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES

Incremental Outputs

Special Review Decisions....

New Chemical and Biochemical/
 Microbial Agent Reviews....
Old Chemical Reviews.

Amended Registration
 Reviews	
New Use Reviews.
Emergency Exemption
 Reviews	
Experimental Use Permit
 Reviews	
24(c) State Registration
 Reviews	
Temporary Tolerance
 Petition Reviews..,
Tolerance Petition
 Reviews	
Inert Ingredient
 Reviews	
Producer Establishment
 Inspections a/	
Use/Reentry and Experimental
 Use Observations a/	

Marketplace
 Investigations a/	
    14
Import Inspections a/.
   110


   456


    13


 2,070


18,000


 4,610

   300
    13
   150


   475


    60


 2,070


18,000


 4,000

   315
    13

3
10




348
,905
,380
457
394
284
892
330
3,850
4,560
300
250
400
475
330
3,850
4,560
300
250
400
475
   150


   475


    60


 2,528


19,284


 4,000

   315
  +458
+1,284
                               6-5

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                            PESTICIDES (continued)


Actual
1988

Current
Estimate
1989


Estimate
1990
Increase*
Decrease -
1990 vs.
1989
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES

Incremental Outputs

Applicator License
 and Record Inspections,

State Dealer
 Record Inspections	
Federal Laboratory
 Inspections	
Test Study Audits,
Registration Standard
 Guidance Packages
 Established	
Second Round Reviews.

Cumulative Outputs
Registration Standard
 Guidance Packages
 Established	
Review of Incoming Studies
 on Existing Chemicals	
9,992
8,008
65
390
9,990
8,010
47
219
9,990
8,468
60
344
— — —
+458
+13
+125
   16

    9
  183
2,038
   15

   10
  198


2,628
   15

   10
  213
3,218
 +15
+590
a/ Includes both Federal and State enforcement activities
                                6-6

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Research and
Development

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990 Budget  Estimate

                              Table of Contents
PESTICIDES

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   Pesticides Research 	  6-7
      Scientific Assessment	6-13
      Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 	  6-14
      Health Effects 	  6-15
      Environmental Engineering and Technology 	  6-16
      Environmental Processes and Effects	6-17

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                                                  PESTICIDES
                                               Pesticides Research
                                ACTUAL
                                 1988
ENACTED
 1989
 CURRENT
ESTIMATE
  1989
REQUEST
 1990
  INCREASE +
  DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment -
Pesticides
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                       TOTAL
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Pesticides
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                       TOTAL
Health Effects -
Pesticides
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                       TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Pesticides
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                       TOTAL
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Pesticides
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                       TOTAL
$415.8
$307.5
$723.3
$391.7
$1,025.6
$1,417.3
$2,021.5
$1,666.4
$3,687.9
$48.5
$790.2
$838.7
$3,032.8
$3,015.2
$6,048.0
$5,910.3
$6,804.9
$439.5
$343.6
$783.1
$424.1
$957.2
$1,381.3
$2,052.6
$1,667.9
$3,720.5
$170.3
$2,112.0
$2,282.3
$3,029.7
$3,042.1
$6,071.8
$6,116.2
$8,122.8
$125.4
$12.0
$137.4
$376.7
$957.2
$1,333.9
$2,045.3
$1,667.9
$3,713.2
$169.8
$2,110.1
$2,279.9
$3,040.5
$3,042.1
$6,082.6
$5,757.7
$7,789.3
$146.5
$146.5
$354.5
$957.2
$1,311.7
$2,331.5
$1,817.9
$4,149.4
$115.8
$1,113.1
$1,228.9
$3,861.8
$3,642.1
$7,503.9
$6,810.1
$7,530.3
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development

Pesticides Research    TOTAL  $12,715.2  $14,239.0  $13,547.0  $14,340.4
                                     $21.1
                                    -$12.0
                                      $9.1
                                    -$22.2

                                    -$22.2
                                    $286.2
                                    $150.0
                                    $436.2
                                    -$54.0
                                   -$997.0
                                  •$1,051.0
                                    $821.3
                                    $600.0
                                  $1,421.3
                                  $1,052.4
                                   -$259.0

                                    $793.4
                                       6-7

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                                                   PESTICIDES
                                               Pesticides Research

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Pesticides

Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Pesticides

Health Effects -
Pesticides

Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Pesticides

Environmental Processes
& Effects - Pesticides

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS

TOTAL WORKYEARS
  6.1
  6.7
 32.7
   .8
 54.4
100.7
  6.7
  7.3
 38.7
  3.0
 61.8
117.5
  1.7
  5.9
 38.7
  3.0
 61.8
111.1
  1.5
  5.7
 39.5
  2.0
 62.7
111.4
   .8
 -1.0
   .9
   .3
Scientific Assessment -
Pesticides

Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Pesticides

Health Effects -
Pesticides

Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Pesticides

Environmental Processes
& Effects - Pesticides

TOTAL WORKYEARS
  6.5
  7.0
 36.0
   .8
 61.7
112.0
  6.7
  7.3
 38.7
  3.0
 61.8
117.5
  1.7
  5.9
 38.7
  3.0
 61.8
111.1
  1.5
  5.7
 39.5
  2.0
 62.7
111.4
  .8
-1.0
  .9
  .3
                                      6-8

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                                   PESTICIDES


                              Pesticides Research


                         Principal  Outputs by  Objective


Objective 1:  Develop and Validate Test Methods for FIFRA Studies

1990:  o     Report  on  teratological   responses   in   M.   Beryllina   for
             environmental hazard assessment (Environmental Processes)
       o     Report on  immunotoxicology methods development and  validation in
             the rat (Health)

1989:  o     Report on  short-term  predictors  of chronic  toxicity to pesticides
             on crustacean populations  (Environmental Processes)
       o     Assessment  of  neurotoxicity  in workers  occupationally exposed to
             organophosphorus  pesticides:   A  neurobehavioral  and  biochemical
             study  (Health)

1988:  o     Report  on  the  role  of  salinity  in  toxicity of  pesticides  to
             crustaceans  (Environmental Processes)
Objective  2:    Perform Health  Research  on Biological  Markers. Dosimetry  and
Extrapolation

1990:  o     Report  on markers  and  dosimetry research  activity  for  exposure
             monitoring (Monitoring)

1988:  o     Systems plan for implementation of biomarkers and pharmacokinetics
             research program   (Monitoring)


Objective 3:  Perform Ecological Research Validation

1990:  o     Report  on  experimental  design  studies  for  aquatic  ecosystem
             testing (Environmental Processes)
       o     Report  on  field censusing techniques for large  scale avian field
             studies (Environmental Processes)

1989:  o     Report  on  field validation of enclosure protocols for evaluating
             pesticides in natural waters  (Environmental Processes)

1988:  o     Report on effects of field applications of agricultural pesticides
             on estuarine biota  (Environmental Processes)


Objective 4:  Perform Engineering Research in Support of FIFRA

1990:  o     Report  on  the effects of  co-firing chlorinated wastes with  high
             nitrogen compounds on NOx emissions (Engineering)


                              6-9

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       o     Study  results  on  the  combustion effects  of  sulfur on  a bromine
             containing waste (Engineering)

1989:  o     Report on  the  performance results of a pilot-scale  trial burn of
             Dinoseb pesticide  formulations  (Engineering)
       o     Report  on   performance  result   of   full-scale   incineration
             operations of EDB  inventory disposal (Engineering)

1988:  o     Report on  field  study  of the  effectiveness of protective clothing
             for greenhouse pesticide applicators (Engineering)
       o     Report on  the  effectiveness of protective clothing materials for
             agricultural pesticide operations (Engineering)


Objective 5:  Perform Exposure Monitoring Research

1990:  o     Report on exposure of field applications of biological agents used
             as agricultural pesticides  (Monitoring)

1989:  o     Final  report  on  the  Non-Occupational Pesticide Exposure  Study
             (HOPES) methodology (Monitoring)

1988:  o     Progress report on completion of the NOPES (Monitoring)


Objective 6:   Perform Research on Biotechnology  and Microbial and Biochemical
Pest Control Agents

1990:  o     Report on test methods for BCAs to avians  (Environ. Processes)
       o     Laboratory methods for appraising the safety  of  a microbial pest
             control agent in freshwater systems  (Environmental Processes)

1989:  o     Final  report on  development of enclosed  multispecies  systems for
             testing  effects  of  microbial  pest  control  agents on  estuarine
             organislns (Environmental Processes)
       o     Report  on   dispersal   of  BCAs  released  into   the  atmosphere
             (Environmental Processes)

1988:  o     Report on the movement and survival  of a  biological control agent
             in two natural systems  (Environmental Processes)


Objective 7:   Perform  Studies  on  Ecotoxicitv  and Develop  Environmental Risk
Assessment Protocols

1990:  o     Users manual for updated TEAM Model  (Environmental Processes)

1989:  o     Final  report  on biological  data base  for risk  assessment  (Env.
             Processes)

1988:  o     Report: Physiochemical  factors affecting toxicity:. pH,  salinity
             and temperature (Environmental Processes)
                               6-10

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Objective 8:  Provide Support Services for FIFRA Activities

1989:  o     Annual report on operation of pesticide repository (Monitoring)

1988:  o     Report on  the  spread of antibiotic resistance  in the environment
             (Monitoring)
                               6-11

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                                   PESTICIDES
                              Pesticides Research
Budget Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of $14,340,400  supported  by 111.4  total
workyears for 1990, an  increase  of $793,400 and 0.3 total workyears from 1989.
Of the request,  $6,810,100 will  be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and  $7,530,300   will  be for  the  Research and  Development  appropriation,  an
increase of $1,052,400 and a decrease of $259,000, respectively.

Program Objectives

     The  Federal Insecticide, Fungicide  and Rodenticide  Act  (FIFRA)  and the
Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act require the regulation of pesticide use to
avoid unreasonable adverse  effects to public health and  the  environment.   The
research  program improves  our  understanding of  how pesticides  interact  with
human activities and the environment, to assure that their use minimizes damage
from  pests,  while  maximizing the protection  of man's  food,  health  and the
environment.

     Objective  1:   Develop  and Validate Test Methods  for FIFRA Studies.   This
research  effort develops and validates  environmental  and health test methods
for  use  by  industry   to  assist  them   in  meeting   pesticide  registration
requirements and enforcement responsibilities under Sections 3 and 26 of FIFRA.

     Objective  2:   Perform Health Research on Biological  Markers.  Dosimetrv.
and  Extrapolation.    This  research  effort develops methods  for extrapolating
from high to low doses  between mammalian  species,  evaluates dermal penetration
of  pesticides  and  examines   structure   activity  relationships.    Biological
markers are  evaluated and  tested to determine  their potential  use in exposure
monitoring  studies.     This  information  is used by  the  Agency to  evaluate
pesticide  data   submitted  by  industry as part  of the  registration  and re-
registration process.

     Objective  3:   Perform Ecological Research Including Transport.  Fate and
Field  Validation.    This   research  effort validates  laboratory  studies  by
quantifying  pesticide  effects   through  field  testing  in order to  evaluate
mortality, reproduction  and recovery potential  of fishes,  invertebrates,  birds
and  other  organisms.    This  approach  allows comparison between  laboratory
studies and actual field results.  This research also investigates the movement
of  pesticides   through   the  environment  in order  to   determine the  eventual
disposition of pesticides in the environment.

     Objective  4:   Perform  Engineering Research in Support  of FIFRA.   This
research  effort provides performance  information  on  protective clothing and
equipment for pesticide  loaders, mixers,  and applicators  to meet the Office of
Pesticides Programs' (OPP)  regulatory needs under FIFRA.

     Objective 5:  Perform Exposure  Monitoring  Research.   This  research effort
develops  equipment and specialized  monitoring protocols  and  procedures  for
                               6-12

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total human  exposure  monitoring for pesticide exposure to characterize sources
and routes of exposure for national pesticide monitoring efforts.

     Objective  6:	Perform  Research  on  Biotechnology  and  Microbial  and
Biochemical  Pest Control Agents.  This research effort evaluates the effects of
microbial  and  biochemical  pest  control  agents  (MBPCAs)  and  products  of
biotechnology on humans  and  the environment to support registration activities
of OPP.

     Objective  7:    Perform  Studies  on  Ecotoxicity and  Develop Environmental
Risk  Assessment  Protocols.     This  research effort  provides  the  means  to
determine  the  risk posed to  actual ecosystems by  environmental pollutants by
determining  critical endpoints  and devising  mathematical  models in  order to
predict  impacts.     This  work  will provide risk assessment  protocols  and
guidelines for use  in determining potential effects to terrestrial and aquatic
ecosystems.

      Objective  8:    Provide  Support Services  for  FIFRA  Activities.    This
activity  provides  support  to  risk and   exposure assessments  by  providing
quality  assurance  materials  and   reference  compounds  for pesticide  residue
analyses.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT

1990 Program Request

     The Agency•requests  a total of $146,500  supported  by 1.5 total workyears
for  this  program,  all  of  which  will be   for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation. This represents  an  increase  of $21,100 which reflects increased
personnel  and  support  costs.   There  is  a  minor  decrease of  0.2 in  total
workyears  which  reflects  a  consolidation  of  resources  for  the  Regional
Scientists Program within the Interdisciplinary media.

     Provide Support Services for  FIFRA Activities.   The Scientific Assessment
program will continue to prepare and review health risk assessments for cancer,
mutagenicity,  adverse  reproductive/developmental   effects  and  exposure  to
support OPP  implementation of FIFRA Section  3 provisions  for  evaluating risk
from pesticides use. Support will  also  be provided for laboratory data audits.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the Agency  is  allocating a  total  of $137,400 supported by 1.7
total workyears  for this program,  of  which $125,400 is  from  the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $12,000  is from the  Research  and  Development
appropriation.   The program  will  continue  to prepare and  review  health risk
assessments and provide support for laboratory data audits.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the  Agency  obligated a total of $723,300  supported by 6.5  total
workyears  for  this program,  of  which  $415,800  was  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation and $307,500  was  from the  Research and  Development
appropriation.    In 1988,  activities  included  support  for  laboratory  data


                               6-13

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audits,  participation  in  OPP's  hazard  evaluation  peer  review panel  which
reviewed over  40 chemicals for regulatory analysis,  review of National Cancer
Institute  human  data on  the  herbicide  2,4-D,  and  review  of  developmental
toxicity data on larvadex and carbaryl.


MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $1,311,700  supported  by  5.7  total
workyears  for  this program,  of which  $354,500 will be  for  the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation  and $957,200 will be  for the Research and Development
appropriation.   This  represents a decrease  of $22,200  in the  Salaries  and
Expenses   appropriation   and  no  change  in   the   Research  and  Development
appropriation.   There is a  decrease  of 0.2 total workyears.   The decrease in
the  Salaries  and Expenses appropriation  and  total workyears  reflects  a small
shift  of resources due  to  the transfer of  the  operation of the  pesticides
repository to the Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.

     Develop and Validate  Test Methods for FIFRA  Studies.   Monitoring methods
and  strategies  will be  developed for  determining  the effect  of agricultural
pesticide usage  on  the  quality of  surface and ground water systems.   Research
will   focus  on  identifying   factors   which   are   critical  to  ground  water
susceptibility.

     Perform  Health   Research   on   Biological   Markers.   Dosimetry   and
Extrapolation.   Biological markers  will  be  tested for their  use as  sensitive
indicators  of  exposure.   Candidate biological markers  will  be  tested under
control and  field  conditions to estimate the  capability  and accuracy of these
measurements compared to conventional approaches.

     Perform Exposure Monitoring Research.  This research will use statistical
tools, monitoring  equipment,  protocols and methodologies based on total human
exposure  monitoring  of pesticides  to. assess  exposure   of  lawn and  garden
pesticides to infants and toddlers.

     Perform  Research  On  Biotechnology  and  Microbial  and  Biochemical  Pest
Control  Agents.   Protocols  for use  in regulatory  decision-making  concerning
identification,  fate  and survival of biological agents,  including recombinant
and DNA will be developed.

     Provide  Support  Services   for   FIFRA  Activities.     Quality  assurance
research   regarding   sample  collection  and   analysis  procedures   will   be
conducted.    This  will   include  research on  the  selection of representative
samples and how to optimize instrument settings for data analysis.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the Agency is allocating a total  of $1,333,900  supported by 5.9
total  workyears  for  this program,  of  which $376,700 is  from  the Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation   and  $957,200  is  from  the  Research   and  Development
appropriation.    In 1989, a  coordinated  effort  with the health research program
will  be  continued  to  identify and  test biological markers  of exposure  to


                                6-14

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priority  pesticide  chemicals.  Monitoring  equipment,  expertise  and staff  to
provide  protocols and  methodologies  for  total  human exposure monitoring  for „
pesticides will be provided.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency  obligated  a  total  of  $1,417,300  supported by  7.0
total workyears  for  this program, of which $391,700 was  from the Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation and  $1,025,600  was from the  Research  and Development
appropriation.    An  annual  report  was  published  for  the  pesticides  and
industrial  chemicals repository.   The  field  portion of  the Non-Occupational
Pesticide Exposure Study (NOPES) on exposure to common household pesticides  was
completed.


HEALTH EFFECTS

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total   of  $4,149,400  supported  by  39.5  total
workyears for  this program, of  which $2,331,500 will be  for the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation  and  $1,817,900 will be  for the  Research and Development
appropriation.   This represents  an  increase  of $286,200 in  the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation  and   $150,000   in   the  Research   and  Development
appropriation and 0.8 total  workyears.   The  increases  will be used to fund  new
research in biotechnology.   The workyear decrease reflects a consolidation of
resources  for the  Regional  Scientists  Program  within  the  Interdisciplinary
media.  •

     Develop  and Validate  Test  Methods  for  FIFRA  Studies.    Health  effects
efforts  will  develop  and  refine bioassays  for  the  detection  of  adverse
developmental,   reproductive,   mutagenic,   carcinogenic,   neurotoxic   and
immunotoxic effects  for use by industry as part of FIFRA Section 3 evaluation
of   risks.     New   projects  will   include   determination  of   age   related
subpopulation  neurotoxic   sensitivity  to  pesticides  and   development   of
procedures to determine if the immune system has been compromised.

     Perform  Health   Research   on   Biological   Markers.  Dosimetry   and
Extrapolation.  Research efforts will develop models to assess health risks  and
improve methodology  for extrapolating results  of animal  toxicity studies into
risk estimates for humans.   Studies will  include comparison  of in vivo and in
vitro  methods  for  estimating   the  dermal   penetration  of  pesticides  and
potential  interaction  between  alterations  in  maternal  health  status  and
susceptibility  to pesticides  exposures.   These  models  will assist  in  the
evaluation of  pesticides data  submitted as part  of  the  registration  and  re-
registration process.

     Perform  Research  on   Biotechnology  and  Microbial  and  Biochemical  Pest
Control Agents.   Research  in  this  area will  provide methods for detecting,
identifying and monitoring biological pesticide  agents  in mammalian cells as a
basis for test protocols to support microbial pesticide registration.  Research
will be  accelerated on new generation  pesticides that  are  produced  through
genetic engineering.    The  results of this research will  provide  the basis  for
validation of Subpart M guidelines for testing  microbial pesticides.


                               6-15

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1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency  is  allocating  a total of $3,713,200 supported by 38.7
total workyears for  this  program,  of which $2,045,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $1,667,900   is  from  the  Research and  Development
appropriation.  Data on the effects of  microbial  and biochemical pest control
agents  and  genetically engineered  pesticides will  be  provided,  methods  to
detect adverse  alterations in the reproductive  processes in animals  to allow
for  more  accurate  evaluations  of reproductive  development and function are
being developed, and research to develop animal models  to  assess health risks
caused by pesticides is being performed.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the Agency obligated  a  total  of  $3,687,900 supported  by 36.0
total workyears  for this  program,  of which  $2,021,500 was from the  Salaries
and  Expenses   appropriation  and   $1,666,400  was  from   the   Research  and
Development appropriation.   Ten  reports were provided  in the  areas of methods
development, biomarkers  and biotechnology, including non-cancer  endpoints and
the  effects of  biological  agents  on mammalian  cells  for  use  in regulatory
analysis.


ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $1,228,900  supported  by  2.0  total
workyears  for  this  program,  of which  $li5,800  will be  for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,113,100 will be  for the Research and Development
appropriation.     This   represents  decreases   of   $54,000   and  $997,000,
respectively, and  a decrease  of 1.0 total  workyear.  This decrease  reflects
the completion of a significant portion of research on the destruction/disposal
technologies  for  indemnified pesticides  and the   evaluation  of  protective
clothing for agricultural workers.

     Perform  Engineering  Research  in   Support   of   FIFRA.      A  broad-based
cooperative environmental  management program will be  initiated  for individual
users of  pesticides.   Brochures,  workshops,  video  tapes   and  demonstrations
designed  to increase  user knowledge on the  safe  use of  pesticides  will  be
developed.  Treatment and disposal strategies for classes of pesticides will be
developed and  technical assistance  for  the disposal of  currently  indemnified
pesticides will continue.

1989 Program

    In 1989,  the  Agency is  allocating  a total of $2,279,900  supported by 3.0
total workyears  for  this program, of which $169,800 is from  the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $2,110,100   is  from  the  Research and  Development
appropriation.    Engineering  research  activities  are  continuing  to  provide
information on  the  effectiveness of protective garments  for pesticide mixers,
loaders    and   applicators   as  well  as  research  on   disposal/destruction
technologies for cancelled and suspended pesticides.


                               6-16

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 1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the Agency obligated a  total of $838,700 supported by 0.8  total
 workyears   for  this  program,  of which  $48,500  was  from  the  Salaries and
 Expenses appropriation  and  $790,200  was  from the  Research  and Development
 appropriation.    A study  of pesticide  exposure  to  greenhouse  workers  using
 protective  clothing was completed.   The  data  from  the study will  serve as a
 basis  for  the  extension of the  agricultural  worker protection standards to
 greenhouse  workers.


 ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND  EFFECTS

 1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of  $7,503,900   supported  by 62.7  total
 workyears  for  this program,  of which $3,.861,800 will be  for the Salaries and
 Expenses appropriation and $3,642,100  will be  for the Research  and Development
 appropriation.     This   represents    increases   of   $821,300   and  $600,000,
 respectively,  and an  increase  of 0.9 total workyears.   The  increase in the
 Salaries and Expenses appropriation  reflects  increased  personnel and  support
 costs.   The workyear  increase and the increase in the Research  and Development
 appropriation will support additional  research  in biotechnology.

     Develop and Validate Test Methods  for  FIFRA Studies.    Research  efforts
 will  develop  and  validate  bioassays  and  other methodologies  for   use  as
•standardized testing protocols  to determine the effects of chemical pesticides
 on marine  and  fresh-water  animals.  These efforts will provide  testing methods
 which the Agency  can recommend  for use by pesticide manufacturers.

     Perform  Ecological  Research    Including  Transport.   Fate   and   Field
 Validation.   Research  in this  area   will concentrate  on the  development and
 validation  of techniques and models to measure  and predict pesticide transport,
 degradation,  exposure,  effects  and  fate  in  the environment.   The effects of
 pesticides   on  estuarine  freshwater   and  terrestrial  (avian)  biota  will be
 investigated.   Soil  processes,  run-off  problems,  and  agricultural  practices
 will be evaluated for their relationship to  ground  water pollution.    Modeling
 and predictive techniques, exposure dosing relationships, sediment toxicity and
 hazard  assessment criteria will be evaluated  in aquatic habitats.

     Perform Research  on  Biotechnology  and Microbial  and  Biochemical Pest
 Control Agents.    Research   in  this  area will  develop  and  improve   testing
 protocols  for  unaltered Microbial Pest  Control Agents  (MPCAs) and genetically
 altered Biological  Control Agents (EGAs).   Dispersal,, effect  and survival of
 BCAs will  be studied.   Research  results  will support modifications of testing
 protocols  for  Subpart M  guidelines  used by  industry to  provide registration
 data.
  o

    Perform Studies  on Ecotoxicitv  and  Develop Environmental Risk Assessment
 Protocols.   Research in this area will develop methodologies  to  predict risk to
 ecosystems.    The  development   of ecological  risk  assessment  protocols and
 guidance for investigating terrestrial and aquatic  ecosystems  is necessary to
 quantify the probability that adverse  effects may occur as a  result of  exposure
                               6-17

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to pesticides and  will allow estimation of the significance of such effects in
the  environment.    Activities will  include modeling  and  determining species
susceptibility,  including exposure  and uptake of  pesticides by  birds,  fish,
mollusks and  other important populations.  Physiochemical  factors and impacts
of pesticides on  different  populations will  be  incorporated  into ecological
risk assessments.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the  Agency  is  allocating  a total of $6,082,600 supported by 61.8
total workyears for this  program,  of which $3,040,500  is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $3,042,100   is  from  the  Research  and Development
appropriation.   This  program will  develop  test methods  in support  of  FIFRA
guidelines,  perform  research on  transport,   fate  and  field validation,  and
determine  the effects of  biological  pest  control  agents  and  develop  risk
assessment techniques.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency obligated  a  total  of  $6,048,000 supported  by 61.7
total workyears  for  this  program,  of  which  $3,032,800 was  from  the  Salaries
and  Expenses  appropriation  and   $3,015,200 was  from   the   Research  and
Development appropriation. Eleven major reports were supplied to users and the
public which  covered  four  research  areas: test  methods;  transport/fate/field
validation; biotechnology; and risk assessment.
                               6-18

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Abatement
and Control

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990  Budget  Estimate

                              Table of Contents


                                                                        Page

PESTICIDES                                                              6-1

ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
   Registration, Special Registration and Tolerances 	  6-19
      Registration, Special Registration and Tolerances	6-21
      Special Registration 	  6-23
      Tolerances	6-24
   Generic Chemical Review 	  6-25
   Pesticides Program Implementation 	  6-30
      Pesticides Program Implementation	6-31
      Pesticides Program Implementation Grants 	 .   .  6-32

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                                                   PESTICIDES
                                  Registration,  Special Registration & Tolerances

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989       ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
Registration, Special
Registration, and
Tolerances
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
        $8,517.3  $13,726.5  $13,666.2  $14,188.4
        $3,233.5   $3,230.0   $3,045.1   $3,016.7'

TOTAL  $11,750.8  $16,956.5  $16,711.3  $17,205.1.
Special Registration
 Salaries & Expenses
        $1,991.1
TOTAL   $1,991.1
Tolerances
 Salaries & Expenses           $2,920.1
                       TOTAL   $2,920.1
                                 $522.2
                                 -$28.4

                                 $493.8
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
       $13,428.5  $13,726.5  $13,666.2  $14,188.4      $522.2
        $3,233.5   $3,230.0   $3,045.1   $3,016.7      -$28.4
Registration, Special  TOTAL  $16,662.0-  $16,956.5  $16,711.3, $17,205.1.
Registration &
Tolerances
                                                       $493.8
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Registration, Special
Registration, and
Tolerances

Special Registration

Tolerances

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
           155.7



            41.3

            67.4

           264.4
267.2
267.2
265.9.
265.9
265.9
265.9
                                      6-19

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                                               PESTICIDES        ;
                                 Registration,  Special Registration & Tolerances
                                                                 i
                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL WORKYEARS


Registration, Special
Registration, and
Tolerances

Special Registration

Tolerances

TOTAL WORKYEARS
166.0



 43.2

 70.6

279.8
267.2
265.9
265.9
267.2
265.9
265.9
                                       6-20

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                                  PESTICIDES
              Registration, Special Registration,  and Tolerances
Budget Request                                        /

     The  Agency  requests  a  total of  $17,205,100  supported by 265.9  total
workyears for  1990,  an increase  of  $493,800 and no change  in total workyears
from 1989.   Of the request, $14,188,400 will be  for the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,016,700 will  be  for  the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance
appropriation,   an   increase  of  $522,200   in  the  Salaries   and  Expenses
appropriation  and  a  decrease  of  $28,400  in  the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     This request reflects  the  merger in  1989  of  the Registration,  Special
Registration, and Tolerance programs into one program.


REGISTRATION. SPECIAL REGISTRATION. AND TOLERANCES

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total of  $17,205,100  supported by 265.9  total
workyears for  this  program,  of which $14,188,400 will be  for the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and $3,016,700 will  be  for  the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance  appropriation.    This  represents an  increase  of  $522,200 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation,  reflecting increased personnel and support
costs,  a  decrease  of  $28,400  in  the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance
appropriation, and no change in total workyears.

     In 1990,  the Agency  expects  to  conduct 330 reviews  of new chemicals and
biochemical/microbial agents,  3,850  reviews of  old chemicals,   4,560  amended
registration reviews, 300  new  use  reviews,  and  475  tolerance petition reviews.
Registration reviews will  emphasize  the impact on ground  water  and endangered
species.  Rapid  communication  with   affected   parties  and  states  and  other
measures will be  continued to  minimize  processing times  and backlogs.   Special
emphasis  will  continue   to  be  placed  on  the  regulatory  implications  of
genetically engineered,  microbial pesticides (GEMP's) and necessary interagency
coordination.

     The  emphasis on processing of new chemicals and new  uses (especially the
first food use  of any pesticide)  will be  continued  in 1990.  The findings of a
productivity  initiative  related  to  old chemicals  and  amendments  will  be
implemented but the impact cannot be determined at this time.

     Increased  emphasis will  be  given to  ground-water   protection  including
registrant-performed monitoring, more extensive use  of  environmental fate test
data,  geographical   restrictions  and restricted  use  classifications.    These
measures will help prevent future environmental clean-up problems.

     Regional  liaison will be  improved by  working  closely with  the  Regional
pesticide  experts  and  other  Regional  staff   to  improve  Regional  and  state
understanding  of Headquarters  regulatory activities.   Regions  will be  more
routinely  involved  in   consultations  on policies  affecting their  mission,
facilitating  enforcement,  enhancing public  understanding and compliance  with


                                6-21

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EPA policies,  and improving  oversight  of section  18  experimental use  permit
reviews  and  section  24(c)   state  and  local  need programs.  The  burden  on
Headquarters resources will  be relieved and  programs  run more effectively  by
addressing  special problems  and Regional  and state  issues  (e.g.,  container
disposal and ground-water contamination) at the Regional level.

     Stringent   criteria   for   granting   section  18   exemptions,   such   as
consideration of progress  towards permanent registration and  clarification  of
"emergency"  and "significant  economic  loss"  as  criteria used in considering
emergency exemptions, will continue to be applied to avoid circumvention of the
full registration process.   Headquarters will  continue  to work closely with the
Regions to monitor emergency exemptions and state and local needs  provisions  to
prevent circumvention of registration requirements.

     Emphasis will be placed  on  policies  to ensure  that tolerances reflect the
most current  regulatory  status of each active  ingredient  including  revocation
of  tolerances   on  cancelled   pesticides   and  tolerance  reassessments   in
conjunction  with Registration Standard review.  The  processing  of  tolerance
petitions  will   be  modified,   as  required,  based  on the  National Academy  of
Sciences  (NAS)-Delaney  report  follow-up  decisions.    A  complete  Tolerance
Assessment  System (TAS),  used to determine estimates  of dietary exposure  to
pesticide residues, will be available in micro-computer form for  use  by Agency
officials  to  improve decision-making and  work-flow.    Tolerance  fees will  be
increased to reflect any increase in the General Schedule pay-scale.

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the Agency  is  allocating  a total of  $16,711,300  supported  by
265.9  total workyears  for  this program,  of  which  $13,666,200  is  from  the
Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation  and $3,045,100   is  from the  Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.

     In 1989, registration reviews  are  emphasizing new  chemicals  and new uses
to facilitate the  rapid availability of new,  potentially safer chemicals which
may replace older, more hazardous ones  still  in use.   The program continues  to
promote ground-water protection and worker/applicator safety.  The old chemical
and amendment review process  is  being evaluated to  reduce costs and processing
times  while  ensuring  the  quality  of  required   reviews.    A  new .rule  on
restricted  use  classification for  ground-water contaminating substances  is
planned for publication in 1989.

     In 1989, state participation in  the  Emergency  Exemption,  Experimental Use
Permit,  and State and  Local Needs  programs  is  being  enhanced through  EPA
guidance  and close Federal/state cooperation.   For experimental  use permits,
special emphasis is  being placed on  the  review of products of biotechnology,
which  involves  special  skills  and  expedited  review  not  required of  more
conventional pesticides.

     The  TAS  is  being  updated and  refined  for use by Agency risk  managers.
Increased  emphasis is being  placed  on evaluating potential  risks  of inert
ingredients and  contaminants.  Crop group tolerances continue  to  be  used where
applicable to reduce data requirements and efficiently deal with minor uses.   A
strategy  for implementing  the recommendations in the 1987 NAS report is being
prepared.
                               6-22

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1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the  Agency obligated a  total of $11,750,800  supported  by 166.0
total workyears for this program, of which $8,517,300 was from^the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $3,233,500  was from  the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     In 1988, resources were shifted from old chemical and amended registration
reviews to  the Regions  through the  Pesticide Program  Implementation program
(formerly Certification  and  Training)  in order  to develop  an  expert  Regional
capability  for  pesticide  regulatory   activities.     An  evaluation   of  the
productivity of the  old chemicals  and amendments  review process  was initiated
to  attempt  to  reduce  the  cost of  these  activities  while ensuring  adequate
quality  of  required  reviews.    Any  cost  reductions  achieved  through  the
productivity initiative will result in increased outputs and shorter delays.

     Proposed revisions to the Worker Protection Standards and a final  rule for
registration user  fees were  published  in  1988.   Registration user fees were
implemented in June  1988 but  subsequently superseded by the 1988  amendments to
FIFRA, which established a separate reregistration fee system and suspended the
collection of the registration fee.

     Based on the 1987 inerts policy,  inerts of toxicological concern are to be
removed from pesticide products  and pesticide  product labels are  to be amended
accordingly.  Such  inerts  that remain  in use   undergo  data  call-ins.  The
continually updated,  computer-based  TAS  was used  for  determining estimates of
dietary exposure to  pesticide residues.  Crop group  tolerances  continued to be
used where  applicable to  reduce- data requirements  and effectively deal with
minor uses.
SPECIAL REGISTRATION

1990 Program Request

     No  resources  are  requested   for   this   program  in  1990  due  to  its
consolidation  in  1989 within  the  new Registration, Special  Registration,  and
Tolerances program.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  resources for  this program  are being consolidated within the new
Registration, Special Registration, and Tolerances program.
                             o
1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency  obligated  a  total of  $1,991,100 supported  by 43.2
total  workyears  for  this  program,  all  of which  was  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation.

     In 1988,  the  Special  Registration  program  regulated the experimental use,
emergency use, and state registration of pesticides.
                                6-23

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TOLERANCES

1990 Program Request
          /
     No  resources  are  requested  for   tills  program  in  1990  due  to  its
consolidation  in  1989 within  the  new Registration, Special  Registration,  and
Tolerances program.

1989 Program

     In 1989, resources for  this program  are being consolidated within the new
Registration, Special Registration, and Tolerances program.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency  obligated  a  total of  $2,920,100 supported  by 70.6
total  workyears  for  this  program,  all  of which  was  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation.

     In  1988,  the  Tolerance  program established  safe  pesticide residue levels
on food and feed as required by the Federal Food,  Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
                               6-24

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                                                   PESTICIDES
                                             Generic Chemical Review

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Generic Chemical Review
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
       $16,442.8  $16,557.7  $16,346.7*' $18,940.6''   $2,593.9
       $18,331.9, $58,004.7  $57,985.87 $26,904.7-  -$31,081.1

TOTAL  $34,774.7 - $74,562.4  $74,332.5,  $45,845.3 „ -$28,487.2
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance

Generic Chemical
Review
       $16,442.8  $16,557.7  $16,346.7  $18,940.6    $2,593.9
       $18,331.9  $58,004.7  $57,985.8  $26,904.7  -$31,081.1
TOTAL  $34,774.7  $74,562.4  $74,332.5  $45,845.3  -$28,487.2
PERMANENT WORKYEARS


Generic Chemical Review

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
           294.4      319.3      314.3      314.3

           294.4      319.3      314.3      314.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Generic Chemical Review
           306.9
319.3
314.3
314.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
           306.9
319.3
314.3
314.3
                                       6-25

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                                  PESTICIDES
                           Generic Chemical Review
Budget Request                    ^

     The  Agency requests  a  total of  $45,845,300  supported by  314.3  total
workyears  for  1990,  a  decrease  of  $28,487,200 from  1989.    Of the  request,
$18,940,600  will   be  for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation,   and
$26,90.4,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, an
increase  of  $2,593,900 and  a  decrease  of $31,081,100  respectively,  with no
change in total workyears.


GENERIC CHEMICAL REVIEW

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency requests  a  total of  $45,845,300  supported by  314.3  total
workyears for  this  program,  of which $18,940,600 will be  for the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, and $26,904,700 will be  for  the  Abatement,  Control and
Compliance appropriation.   This  represents  an  increase  of  $2,593,900  in the
Salaries  and   Expenses  appropriation,   a  decrease  of  $31,081,100   in  the
Abatement,  Control,  and  Compliance  appropriation  and  no  change  in  total
workyears.  The increase in Salaries  and  Expenses  reflects increased personnel
and support costs.   The decrease in Abatement,  Control, and Compliance reflects
a  reduction  in need for  transportation,   storage  and disposal  funding  of
remaining  stocks  of  cancelled  and  suspended  pesticides due  to  significant
progress  that  will be  achieved  using  funds  appropriated  in  1989 for  this
purpose.

     There will be a  new initiative  in  1990 to  build Regional and  state
capabilities  in  the  important  areas  of  protecting  ground  water,  workers
occupationally  exposed to  pesticides,  and  endangered  species.   The  Generic
Chemical  Review program contains  resources  for the initiative's  Headquarters
national program development and liaison function.

     Of  the  resources  requested  in 1990  for  the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation,  $15,000,000 will  be  earmarked for  transportation,
storage and disposal  of cancelled and suspended pesticides.   These funds will
allow  further  progress  toward  final  disposal  of  2,4,5-T/Silvex  and  any
remaining dinoseb stocks.   The Agency's responsibility to indemnify holders and
bear the costs  of disposal of  cancelled and  suspended  pesticides will continue
in  1990  for chemicals  which  were  suspended  and cancelled  prior  to the  1988
FIFRA amendments.

     The  program  will  continue the  emphasis,  begun  in  1988,  on  issuance of
Second Round Reviews  (SRR's, formerly Final Regulatory Standards and Tolerance
Reassessments)  with reregistration  closure.    SRR's  are  the  product  of the
updating of Registration  Standards when  all  of the data required  by  the Data
Call-In and Registration  Standards programs are  available and  reviewed.   Ten
SRR's with reregistration closure will be conducted.

     The Agency also expects to establish 15  initial Registration  Standards in
1990,  the  same number  as  in  198:9.   Initial standards  will be developed for
                                6-26

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potentially  high   risk  pesticides   to  provide   for   the  development   of
substantially complete data bases for SRR review in future years.   The number
of completed SRR's,  initial  Standards and Special Reviews, may vary according
to the priority of candidates for each type of review.

     The  Agency will  continue  to  address the  complex  issues  raised by  the
National  Academy  of Sciences  (NAS)  1987  study  of the  Delaney  Clause of  the
Federal Food,  Drug,  and Cosmetic Act^(FFDCA).   These issues  have potentially
far-reaching effects on the reregistration program.

     The Agency will continue  efforts to  assess  the  potential  for agricultural
pesticides  to  contaminate the nation's  supply of underground drinking  water,
including both the degree and likely extent  of contamination.   'In addition,
ground-water contamination  concerns  will  be  considered  in reregistration  and
registration reviews.   The  National Survey  of Pesticides  in Drinking  Water
Wells will  be  completed in  1990,  and the results will  be used  to  refine  the
Agency's ground-water strategy.

     Review  of studies  called  in  during prior years,   including  studies  of
ground-water  contamination  and  chronic  health  effects, will  be  continued.
Priority  will  be   given  to  those   studies  which  meet  criteria  indicating
potential adverse effects.  Remaining studies  will be reviewed in the course of
SRR's.

     Resources  requested  for  1990  will  enable  the completion  of  13  Special
Review  decisions.    Special  Reviews  will be   initiated  according to  criteria
which reflect  actual  risk,  and will  emphasize  ground-water   considerations,
accelerated   decision-making,   and   increased   use   of   restricted   use
classifications to control risk.  The number  of  Special  Reviews  may vary since
the  initiation of  Special  Reviews   is  responsive  to  the  identification  of
potential  risks during the development  of   Registration Standards  and  the
receipt  of  studies  from Registration  Standards and  Data Call-In  indicating
potential  adverse   effects.    The  outcomes  of these  activities  cannot  be
predetermined.   If fewer or  additional  Special Reviews are required, resources
may be  shifted between  Special  Reviews  and  Registration Standards or  SRR's.
Administrative  hearings  will be  held,   as  required,  on  regulatory  action
proposed by the Agency in the Special Review process.

     The  results  of lab  audits will  be  employed  in the  Special  Review  and
Registration processes to  assure  the  validity of health and  environmental
effects data  used  to  support pesticide  registration  actions.    Monitoring of
selected pesticide exposure  problems  and  accidental  exposure  incidents will be
continued in  cooperation with various  Federal,  state and  other  institutional
sources.    Integrated  Pest  Management   (IPM)  will  be  considered  in  Special
Reviews,  on   a case-by-case basis,   among   the  full   range   of  potential
risk-reduction measures examined.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the  Agency  is  allocating  a total  of $74,332,500  supported by
314.3  total workyears  for  this program,  of which  $16,346,700  is from  the
Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation and $57,985,800 is  from the  Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.

     Data Call-In  (DCI) resources are  focusing on  call-ins  which  are  low in
cost and  have  a high  potential  to  encourage  registrants to opt  for voluntary
cancellation to avoid  the  cost of providing required  data,  thereby minimizing


                                 6-27

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the  expenditure  of  Agency  resources  on  chemicals  destined  for  voluntary
cancellation.  The DCI program  continues  to  improve  the  product chemistry data
base   necessary  to   identify   inerts,   impurities,   and  contaminants   of
toxicological concern in pesticide products.

     The  reregistration  program  is  continuing a  shift  to  the production  of
SRR's, including  label and formulation changes on end-use products  also known
as "closure."   This  shift will permit EPA to  address  complete  data  bases,  and
will  result  in greater  environmental  payoffs and  greater real world impacts
from the reregistration program.  Ten SRR's with closure are planned for 1989.

     The Agency expects to establish 15 Registration Standards in 1989. Initial
standards continue  to be developed  for  potentially high risk  pesticides,  and
provide for  the continued  development of  substantially complete data bases for
SRR review in future years.  Registration Standards follow-up is being enhanced
to  obtain  more  complete  payoff both   from  Registration  Standards  already
developed and from other actions such as the call-in of toxicology and exposure
information  for anti-microbials.

     The Regions  are  continuing an  effort  begun in 1988 to  develop an expert
Regional  capability  to  support pesticide regulatory  activities,  including  a
strong focus on ground-water concerns,  other geographic-specific environmental
concerns, and Regional monitoring.

     Resources continue to be directed  to respond  to the Delaney Clause issues
highlighted  in the National Academy of  Sciences report,  including  a likely
requirement  to  reassess  tolerances  for  the  highest risk and most widely used
pesticides.    Thirteen  Special  Reviews  are  projected  for  1989.    Automated
decision support systems, for assessing dietary exposure, are being enhanced to
support this work.

     In accordance with  the shift in the focus  of ground-water initiatives to
the  Regions  and  the  states,  Headquarters  personnel  are being  utilized  to
provide  ground-water  technical assistance  to  the Regions.   In addition,  the
Agency  is   continuing   efforts  to   assess   the  potential  for  agricultural
pesticides  to contaminate the  nation's  supply of underground  drinking water,
including both the likely extent and degree of contamination.

     In  1989 the focus  of  disposal  efforts  is on  nearing completion  of the
disposal of  dinoseb.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency obligated  a  total of  $34,774,700 supported by 306.9
total workyears  for  this program, of  which $16,442,800  was  from  the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and  $18,331,900 was from  the  Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.

     In 1988, nine SRR's were conducted, 16 initial Registration Standards were
established,  and  14  Special  Review  decisions  were   reached.    New  review
procedures provided for early involvement of all appropriate EPA offices in the
development  of regulatory decisions,  including Special Reviews.

     In 1988, the Data Call-In program continued to develop improvements in the
product  chemistry data  base necessary  to determine  inerts,  impurities,  and
contaminants  which   are   of  toxicological   concern  in  pesticide   products.
Laboratory data audits were conducted by the Agency or cooperatively with other
                                6-28

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agencies to ensure the development of high-quality  test  data on the health and
environmental effects of pesticides.

     The Pesticides disposal  effort  increased considerably in 1988  due  to the
requirement of the Agency to accept stocks of suspended and cancelled chemicals
(ethylene  dibromide  (EDB),  2,4,5-T/Silvex,  and  dinoseb)  for  storage  and
disposal. Most  of the  national stocks  of  EDB  were disposed  of in  1988 and
approximately half of the 2,4,5-T/Silvex stocks were stored by the Agency.
                               6-29

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                                                   PESTICIDES
                                        Pesticides Program Implementation

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Pesticides Program
Implementation
 Salaries & Expenses
          $622.1     $910.2     $960.9   $1,966.1    $1,005.2
TOTAL     $622.1     $910.2     $960.9   $1,966.1    $1,005.2
Pesticides Program
Implementation - Grants
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
        $4,015.2   $4,000.0   $4,000.0  $12,500.0    $8,500.0
   o
TOTAL   $4,015.2   $4,000.0   $4,000.0  $12,500.0    $8,500.0
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance

Pesticides Program
Implementation
          $622.1     $910.2     $960.9   $1,966.1    $1,005 ,'2
        $4,015.2   $4,000.0   $4,000.0  $12,500.0    $8,500.0
TOTAL   $4,637.3   $4,910.2   $4,960.9  $14,466.1    $9,505.2
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Pesticides Program
Implementation

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
            13.5
            13.5
20.3
20.3
20.3
20.3
44.4
44.4
24.1
24.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Pesticides Program
Implementation

TOTAL WORKYEARS
            15.0
            15.0
22.4
22.4
22.2
22.2
44.4
44.4
22.2
22.2
                                      6-30

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                                  PESTICIDES
                       Pesticides Program Implementation
Budget Request
     The  Agency  requests a  total  of  $14,466,100  supported by  44.4  total
workyears  for  1990,  an  increase  of $9,505,200  and 22.2 total workyears  from
1989.   Of the  request,  $1,966,100  will  be for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation  and  $12,500,000  will  be   for   the  Abatement,   Control,   and
Compliance appropriation, increases of $1,005,200 and $8,500,000 respectively.


PESTICIDES PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a   total  of  $1,966,100   supported  by  44.4  total
workyears  for  this  program (formerly the Certification  and  Training program),
all  of  which  will  be   for  the  Salaries   and  Expenses  appropriation.  This
represents an  increase of $1,005,200 and 22.2  total workyears.   The  increase
reflects  a new initiative to  increase  Regional  and  state capabilities  in the
areas of protecting ground water,  workers occupationally exposed to pesticides,
and endangered species.

     Increasing concerns about the pesticide threat to ground water, endangered
species,  and workers  occupationally exposed to pesticides have necessitated a
fundamental shift in the  pesticide program  from  its traditional,  primary focus
on national licensing  activities to  a more  balanced Headquarters/field effort.
Local variations  in pesticide programs  and in  these problem areas require a
strong Federal and state  presence.   The  requested  resources  will  address these
problem areas  through  the development and dissemination  of  training materials,
management of special projects, public and private sector initiatives,  national
and  joint workshops,   and oversight and coordination of state efforts.   The
program will also expand its  support to the  development and implementation of
state plans,  negotiation  and monitoring  of state  grants,   and  provision  of
technical assistance and outreach programs to the states and the public.

     In 1990,  the program will also continue to implement  the EPA/State FIFRA
Issues Research and Evaluation Group (EPA/SFIREG) recommendations  with emphasis
on  revising  and  implementing  certification  regulations.     Initiatives  to
implement  Federally   administered   state   certification and  training  (C&T)
programs will be completed.  Headquarters staff  will direct  the development of
training  materials  on  the new  training issues  of  ground  water,  endangered
species, and worker safety.  Updated Integrated  Pest Management materials  will
be developed  in cooperation with the United States  Department of Agriculture
(USDA).

     In 1990,  emphasis will be placed  on overseeing the process  of remedying
deficiencies in  state  pesticides  management plans  identified  through  Regional
evaluations and negotiations.   The program  will  also implement rules governing
the  sale   of  restricted  use  pesticides to non-certified persons.   Regional
staff,  in conjunction with USDA,  will  conduct  in-depth evaluations  of State
Cooperative  Extension   Service   (CES)   training   programs  for   applicator
certification and training', and work with USDA/State Extension Service and the
                               6-31

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states to  strengthen  existing programs.   Regional staff will  also continue to
provide  technical  expertise  on  specific,  issues  relating  to  the  use  and
application of pesticides.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the Agency is  allocating  a total of $960,900 supported by 22.2
total  workyears  for  this  program,   all  of  which is  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation.

     In  1989  the major  focus  is  to  implement  the  recommendations of  the
EPA/SFIREG Certification and Training Task Force to upgrade C&T materials.  EPA
and USDA  are jointly  reviewing 30  training  programs for  private applicators
which will be  expanded to commercial applicators in  1991.  One tribal plan is
in place and five are under review.

     EPA  Regional  pesticide  experts are  providing  technical  expertise  on
pesticide  issues  such as  certification  and  training,  application techniques,
toxicity,   pesticide  disposal,  restricted  use  pesticides,  and other topical
pesticide issues.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency  obligated a total  of $622,100  supported by 15.0 total
workyears  for  this program,  all of which  was  from the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.

     In 1988, special project state grants were funded to develop,  evaluate and
update training materials.    As recommended  by  EPA/SFIREG, this  process will
continue until  all  materials have been evaluated.  Twenty four joint USDA/EPA
reviews of private  applicator  training  programs were completed.    In  1988,
follow-up was conducted to ensure that all recommendations were implemented.


PESTICIDES PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION GRANTS

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total  of  $12,500,000  for  this program,  all of which
will  be  for  the  Abatement,   Control  and  Compliance  appropriation.    This
represents an  increase  of $8,500,000.  The  increase  reflects  a new initiative
to increase Regional  and  state capabilities beyond their  traditional focus on
certification and training  of pesticide  applicators to deal with  the problems
of protecting  ground water,  workers,  and endangered species  from pesticides.
These grants were formerly known as Certification and Training Grants.

     Increasing concerns about the pesticide threat to ground water, endangered
species,  and workers  and  applicators have necessitated a  fundamental shift in
the pesticide program from  a primarily licensing activity  to  a more balanced,
Headquarters/field effort.  Local variations in pesticide programs and in these
problem areas  require a  strong Federal  and  state  presence.    State  plans are
needed to manage each of  these  problem areas  but states are reluctant to begin
such significant programs without  evidence  of additional  Federal support.  The
requested  increase  will  be used  to  develop and implement  site-specific  state
regulatory, outreach  and management plans coordinated among  necessary  state
agencies (e.g., agriculture,, health,  water,  and environment).
                               6-32

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     Funding  for  certification agreements will  help to support  53  applicator
certification  programs  in  participating  states and  territories  and in  the
Federally conducted programs  in Colorado and Nebraska.  EPA  will continue  its
interagency agreement with USDA to provide training to pesticide applicators by
working  through  State  Cooperative  Extension  Services.     A  grant  to  the
USDA/State  Extension   Services  will help  to support  the applicator  training
programs.

     Regional educational packages and special initiatives to meet national and
Regional  emerging  pesticide   issues  and  critical  information  gaps  will  be
developed.    Resources will  also be  used  to  develop  training programs  for
non-agricultural  applicators   to  whom  training expertise   is  not  currently
available.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency  is allocating  a total  of $4,000,000 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.

     This  funding is  being  used  to  help support  53 delegated  certification
programs,  53  delegated training programs,  and the Federally  conducted programs
in  Colorado  and Nebraska.  The states are updating their programs  to address
newly restricted  pesticides,  changes  in technology and new  information  on the
use and  effects of pesticides.   The  program will  support  seven to  nine  C&T
special initiatives  to address  Regional issues  and  non-agricultural  training
needs  (including  proper  use   of restricted  use  pesticides   in  lawn  care  and
within structures,  and relating to ground water and  disposal procedures).   A
steering  committee  has  been  established  to   identify  and  make  accessible
appropriate private sector resources that are currently not being used in C&T.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency  obligated a  total of $4,015,200 for this program,  all
of  which  was from  the Abatement,  Control and Compliance appropriation.   EPA
helped to support 53 applicator certification programs and 53 training programs
and operated programs  in Colorado and Nebraska.
                               6-33

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Enforcement

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                            1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents


                                                                        Page

PESTICIDES                                                              6-1

ENFORCEMENT
   Pesticides Enforcement	6-34
      Pesticides Enforcement 	 	  6-35
      Pesticides Enforcement Grants	6-36

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                                                    PESTICIDES
                                              Pesticides Enforcement

                                 ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                  1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                        1989               1990 VS 1989
 PROGRAM
                                                (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
 Pesticides Enforcement
  Salaries & Expenses
  Abatement Control and
  Compliance
Pesticides Enforcement
 Grants
  Abatement Control and
  Compliance
$4,505.4   $4,701.8   $4,887.8   $5,459.8
  $108.2     $105.0     $104.5     $104.5
                        TOTAL   $4,613.6   $4,806.8   $4,992.3   $5,564.3
                        TOTAL
$8,936.3   $8,803.4   $8,803.4  $12,803.4

$8,936.3   $8,803.4   $8,803.4  $12,803.4
                                 $572.0


                                 $572.0



                               $4,000.0

                               $4,000.0
 TOTAL:
  Salaries & Expenses
  Abatement Control and
  Compliance
$4,505.4   $4,701.8   $4,887.8   $5,459.8      $572.0
$9,044.5   $8,908.4   $8,907.9  $12,907.9    $4,000.0
 Pesticides Enforcement TOTAL  $13,549.9  $13,610.2  $13,795.7  $18,367.7    $4,572.0
 PERMANENT WORKYEARS


 Pesticides Enforcement

 TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
    97.8

    97.8
 99.7

 99.7
104.4

104.4
117.3

117.3
12.9

12.9
 TOTAL WORKYEARS


 Pesticides Enforcement

 TOTAL WORKYEARS
   106.4

   106.4
104.6

104.6
109.3

109.3
117.3

117.3
 8.0

 8.0
                                       6-34

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                                  PESTICIDES
                            Pesticides Enforcement
Budget Request

     The  Agency requests  a  total of  $18,367,700  supported by  117.3  total
workyears for  1990,  an increase of $4,572,000 and  8.0  in total  workyears from
1989.  Of  the  request,  $5,459,800  will  be  for  the , Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation  and   $12,907,900  will  be   for  the  Abatement,   Control,  and
Compliance appropriation, increases of $572,000 and $4,000,000, respectively.


PESTICIDES ENFORCEMENT

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $5,564,300  supported by  117.3  total
workyears for  this  program,  of which  $5,459,800 will be  for  the  Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and $104,500  will  be  for  the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance  appropriation.   This  represents an  increase  of  $572,000  for  the
Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation,  no  change in  the Abatement,  Control,  and
Compliance  appropriation,   and  an increase  of  8.0  total  workyears.    The
increase  in   Salaries   and  Expenses  and  workyears   reflects   the  expanded
development of worker protection enforcement requirements in Regional offices.

     In  1990,  the  Pesticides   Enforcement program  will  again  concentrate  on
state delegation, under  cooperative enforcement  agreements,  in  the  nationwide
pesticide compliance monitoring program.   The Agency will emphasize achieving
compliance  with  rules  governing pesticide use with less emphasis  on product
surveillance  in  the  marketplace.    Tracking and enforcement  of  pesticide
registration   requirements  will   be   a  major   component of  the   pesticide
enforcement program. The states will be  responsible for  enforcing  notices  of
intent to suspend product  registrations issued under this compliance program.
The Federal role at  the Regional level will include oversight and management of
state cooperative agreement programs.

     An increase of  8.0  total workyears will allow Regional offices  to develop
Federal compliance activities in support of the  emerging new worker  protection
regulations.   With  increased  resources,  the Regions  will  be  able  to  train
states as to  the  enforcement  provisions  and response  policies to  the  final
worker protection rule,  supplement and coordinate  state  compliance  activities
focused   on  worker  protection,  conduct  Regional  worker  protection-related
inspections, take enforcement actions  in this area and develop cases  to support
worker protection enforcement  actions.   The Regions will continue  to oversee
the  development  of  state enforcement response policies  under sections  26  and
27,  and   track  and  follow   up  on   compliance  with   section   3(c)(2)(B)
cancellations.

     Headquarters will provide overall program  guidance  and  management, will
assist  in  developing  new  and  revised  regulation's,  and develop  compliance
monitoring  strategies  and enforcement  response  policies  for all such rules.
Headquarters  staff  will also  provide guidance  and general  oversight of  the
Federal/state  cooperative  enforcement  agreement  program, and  technical  and
                               6-35

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analytical support for Regional activities.   Both Headquarters and the Regional
offices  are  responsible  for  quality assurance  and  quality control  of  all
enforcement data collected by EPA.

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the  Agency is  allocating a  total of  $4,992,300 supported  by
109.3  total  workyears  for  this  program,  of  which  $4,887,800 is  from  the
Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation and  $104,500  is  from  the  Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.

     In  1989,  the  Agency is  continuing  to emphasize  state participation  in
pesticide compliance monitoring  and enforcement  activities  through  cooperative
enforcement agreements.   There are 55 cooperative enforcement  agreements with
states and territories  and eight additional agreements with  Indian Tribes and
tribal organizations.   Federal  compliance  monitoring  activities  continue  in
states without cooperative agreements.  Other  Federal  responsibilities include
import and export  surveillance,  technical  and compliance  assistance to  the
states  and  the  regulated  community,  and  operation  of  a  computer  system
maintaining pesticide producer establishment and production  records  and  other
related  enforcement data.   Tracking and enforcement of  pesticide registration
requirements will  continue to be  a vital  component of  the  Federal compliance
program.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency  obligated  a total  of  $4,613,600 supported  by  106.4
total workyears  for this  program,  of which  $4,505,400  was  from the  Salaries
and  Expenses  appropriation and  $108,200  was from  the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance appropriation.

     In  1988,   the  Federal   compliance  monitoring  program  accomplished  the
following: 125  inspections of pesticide  producing establishments,  400  dealer
record inspections, 200 use and re-entry inspections,  300 import inspections at
ports of entry,  250 marketplace  investigations,  and  65 laboratory inspections..

     A  total  of 55  cooperative  enforcement  agreements  were  in  place  with
states and territories,  plus another eight  agreements with  Indian Tribes and
tribal organizations, in  1988.   As part of  the  cooperative agreement program,
the  Agency supplemented   training for  state  inspectors,   chemists  and  case
development staff.

     In  1988, the  final phase of  the transfer of  functions  from the Office of
Pesticide Programs relating to the monitoring and enforcement of pesticide data
registration requirements was concluded.


PESTICIDES ENFORCEMENT GRANTS

1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of $12,803,400  for  this program, all of which
will  be  for   the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  appropriation.    This
represents an  increase  of  $4,000,000.   This  increase will allow  states  to
ensure compliance  with  the new worker protection  regulations, expansion  of
product  cancellation/suspension  enforcement  activities  at  user,  dealer,  and
producer  levels,  enforcement  of  new labeling  requirements  produced by the
                               6-36

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reregistration process, and adoption of new technology to improve pesticide use
monitoring.   State  laboratory  analytical equipment  currently  supporting  the
cooperative  agreement program  and  enforcement  case  development is  becoming
increasingly outdated and needs to be updated and replaced.

     The  Agency  will  continue  cooperative  enforcement  agreements  with  55
participating states  and territories,  and eight agreements with Indian Tribes
and  tribal  organizations.    The  cooperative  enforcement  agreement  program
continues to be the  primary means for  ensuring public and environmental safety
from hazardous pesticides by enforcing the requirements of FIFRA.

     States  will  ensure  coordination with  all  agencies  responsible  for  the
safety  of workers  occupationally  exposed to pesticides,  notify  prospective
constituents  of  the  provisions   of  the  final   rule,   and  conduct  worker
protection-related inspections, incident  investigations  and legal action.   The
inspections  will  ensure  that  product   labeling   includes   the  new  worker
protection statements and will  focus on new  use-related  requirements under the
revised regulations.

     In addition  to  use,  dealer record and producer establishment inspections,
states will  continue to conduct pesticide marketplace,  applicator  license and
record inspections, and worker reentry inspections.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency  is allocating a  total of $8,803,400  for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.

     In 1989,  the Agency  is  continuing  55 cooperative  enforcement  agreements
with  states  and  territories,  and  eight additional agreements with Indian
Tribes and tribal organizations.    These  agreements  emphasize  user  compliance
with label directions  for proper  use  and  application, as  well as manufacturer
adherence  to product formulation requirements under FIFRA.    Inspections  also
address applicator licenses and records,  producer establishments, marketplacesf
and pesticide dealers.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency  obligated a total of $8,936,300 for  this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.

     Under   the   terms  of   their  cooperative   enforcement   agreements,   55
participating  states  and territories, plus eight  Indian Tribes  and tribal
organizations, conducted  17,800 use,  reentry and experimental use inspections,
1,945  inspections  of  pesticide-producing  establishments,   9,992  applicator
license and record  inspections,   7,608  dealer record inspections,   and 4,360
marketplace investigations.
                               6-37

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7. RADIATION

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990 Budget  Estimate

                              Table of Contents

                                                                        Page

RADIATION                                                               7-1

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   Radiation Research	7-6
      Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 	  7-9
      Environmental Engineering and Technology 	  7-10
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
   Radiation Criteria, Standards and Guidelines	7-12
   Radiation Program Implementation	7-16
   Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment 	  7-19
   Radon Action Program	7-22
   Radon Action Program Implementation 	  7-26

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APPROPRIATION
                                                   RADIATION
ACTUAL
1988

ENACTED
1989

CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST
1990

INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
 Research & Development

TOTAL, Radiation.
$10,014.0  $11,225.7  $11,343.3  $12,037.9       694.6
 $8,140.5   $9,565.6   $9,423.5  $17,223.5    $7,800.0

 $1,509.5   $2,290.7   $2,258.2   $2,561.5      $303.3

$19,664.0  $23,082.0  $23,025.0  $31,822.9    $8,797.9
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
    158.3      198.5      196.8      200.2         3.4
    170.9      200.9      199.2      200.2         1.0
$16,266.9  $20,192.7  $20,142.3  $30,660.8   $10,518.5
The "Radon Pollution Control Act of 1988" authorizes
$14 million in 1989, 1990, and 1991 plus other general
authorizations for radon activities.  All other
authorization except for Research and Development is
by virtue of the Appropriation Act.  The Environmental
Research, Development and Demonstration Act expired
September 30, 1981.  Reauthorization is pending.
                                           7-1

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                                   RADIATION
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
     EPA's mandate  to protect the public  health and environment  from adverse
effects  of  radiation exposure  is  derived from  several statutes:   the Atomic
Energy  Act,  which   provides   authority   for   Federal   guidance  and  general
environmental standards (transferred to EPA by Reorganization Plan #3 of 1970);
the  Clean Air  Act Amendments  of 1977,  which  provide  authority  to  regulate
radioactive air pollutants; the Resource Conservation and  Recovery Act and the
Uranium Mill  Tailings Radiation Control Act,  which charge EPA  with providing
standards for protection  from  waste materials  with radioactive  content;  the
Indoor Radon  Abatement Act  (IRAA)  of  1988 and the Superfund  Amendments  and
Reauthorization Act (SARA), which provide authority for a nationwide program to
address  indoor  radon.  Other authorities are  contained in  the  Nuclear Waste
Policy Act;  the Federal  Water  Pollution  Control  Act;  the Marine Protection,
Research, and Sanctuaries  Act;  the Safe Drinking Water  Act;  the Public Health
Service Act; and the National Environmental Policy Act.
                »
     The  statutes prescribe EPA's  role  in  assessing the environment, assessing
technology,   setting  standards,   and conducting research.    In   some  cases,
enforcement responsibilities are vested in other agencies,  notably the Nuclear
Regulatory Commission  (NRC).   In these instances,  EPA  performs  some oversight
functions to ensure that established standards and guidance are followed.

     EPA's  Radiation  Program aims  to  accomplish four  major  objectives:   (1)
reduce health effects  and  environmental impacts; (2) assess emerging radiation
problems; (3) maintain a  capability to respond to  emergencies;  and (4) carry
out supporting research.

Reduce adverse health  effects and  environmental  impact  from radiation exposure
through a program of standards and guides

     Under  section   112   of  the  Clean   Air   Act,  EPA  assesses  and,  when
appropriate,  regulates  source categories that  emit  airborne radionuclides.   If
regulations are  appropriate, the  Agency  promulgates  and  implements  National
Emission  Standards for  Hazardous Air Pollutants  (NESHAPs).   In 1990 the Agency
will  focus  on  implementing  final NESHAPs  rules  issued  in 1989.    EPA will
provide  implementation guidance  to states  and  Regions,  and  will work with
states to transfer NESHAPs implementation responsibility to them.

     EPA  evaluates and regulates various classes  of  radioactive  wastes  and
disposal  options through a program designed to ensure that waste is disposed in
a manner  which  is  environmentally sound and limits exposures.   As part of the
effort to address  the problem  of radioactive  waste  disposal,  EPA  will work
towards  promulgating  the  final  low-level  radioactive waste  standard  and will
provide  implementation assistance  to   the Regions  and states.    In  1990  the
Agency will  also continue developing a high-level waste  standard,  which will
include a background information document and a  regulatory impact assessment.
                                7-2

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     In 1990  the Agency will  continue its  radiofrequency program at  a  level
sufficient to maintain measurement capabilities,  conduct limited field studies,
and disseminate information to the public.

Assess  and  quantify  existing  and  emerging  radiation  problems  and  their
potential impact

     Along with  increasing use of radioactive materials  comes  more widespread
knowledge  about radiation exposure  and  the  potential  for contamination  of
environmental  pathways.    As  a consequence,  requests  for assistance  in  site
assessments and  radiochemical  analyses  of environmental samples have increased
substantially, particularly from the Federal sector.

     One of the most  significant  radiation  problems  identified  in recent years
is indoor radon.  Radon, a naturally occurring radioactive gas,  is estimated to
cause between 5,000 and 20,000 lung cancer fatalities annually.   In response to
elevated indoor radon levels found in areas  such as the Reading Prong region of
Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey,   and New York;  a similar area  in North  Dakota and
Minnesota; and other parts of the  country, the  Congress enacted  the Indoor
Radon Abatement Act (IRAA)  in  1988.   Included in the Act is a mandate to set a
long-term  national  goal  of reducing  indoor radon  concentrations  to  ambient
levels.

     The Radon Action Program, initiated by EPA in 1986, will  continue  to be
one of  the Agency's  highest priorities in  1990.   The  program consists  of four
objectives:    assessing  the problem,  carrying  out  mitigation  and prevention
research and  applications,  developing  state  and  private sector  capability, and
developing and disseminating  public information and education  materials.   The
activities,  which  incorporate functions  mandated under  IRAA,   the  Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act  (SARA),  and other  statutory  authority are
parts of  an  integrated  program that relies  on  a voluntary partnership  between
Federal,  state,  and  private sectors.   Specific activities  include  a national
survey  of  radon in residences, more  intensive  state  surveys,  and preparation
for national surveys of radon in schools and workplaces.

     In 1990  EPA will  begin  a three-year  Radon  State Grant program  to  help
states  develop  and   implement programs  to  assess  and  mitigate  radon.    In
addition,   the Agency will  continue  the  House  Evaluation  Program (HEP)  to
provide  the   opportunity  for  state personnel  and  contractors  to  learn and
practice  the   latest  techniques  in  mitigating  significant  radon  problems  in
residences.   EPA will  use regional training centers  to help build  state and
local capabilities  in  radon  measurement,   assessment,  and  mitigation.    The
Agency will also continue its National Radon Measurement Proficiency program to
provide a vehicle for  the public  to  gain information  on  the  capability  of
private measurement  firms.   Beginning in  1990,  the Agency will  also  provide
information on mitigation  contractors  through  the  National Radon Mitigation
Contractor Proficiency program.

Maintain  a  capability  to  respond  to  emergencies and to aid  development and
testing of state, local, and Federal plans for emergency response

     The Agency maintains the Environmental  Radiation Ambient Monitoring System
(ERAMS)  to  provide  a mechanism for tracking  and measuring  large atmospheric
                                7-3

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releases  of  radioactive  materials  across   the  country.    The  system  also
provides continuous  information  on  radiation levels  in environmental pathways.
The Agency  maintains two emergency response teams  in a state  of readiness so
that  they   can  be flown to  sites  where  significant  radiation  releases  have
occurred or appear imminent.  In  1990 EPA  will  seek  to extend  the number of
staff  trained  to  respond  to radiation  emergencies.    The  Agency will  also
participate  in  full  field  exercises  scheduled  by  the  Federal -Emergency
Management  Agency  (FEMA).   In addition, the  Agency will  continue developing a
protective  action  guide for  ingestion pathways and will  initiate development
of criteria for accident contamination recovery.

Conduct supporting research

     The  EPA  Office  of  Research  and Development   (ORD)  performs  two  key
functions in support of the Agency's radiation goals.   First, ORD provides data
needed to support the Agency's Radon Action Program.   In 1990 ORD will continue
to  demonstrate  radon  mitigation  techniques  in  a  variety  of  residential
structures, in  coordination with the  Agency's HEP,  and will use the results to
publish  updated   handbooks   and technical   manuals   that  detail  mitigation
techniques  for  homeowners  and builders.    ORD will  also  expand  its  current
mitigation  demonstration program to  address  schools  with elevated  levels of
radon.

     Second,  to assist  laboratories  that  measure radionuclide  emissions,  ORD
provides monitoring  and quality assurance support,  including inter-laboratory
comparison  studies.    Under  an  interagency  agreement with the  Department of
Energy, ORD also provides  support  in  the  form of off-site  monitoring around
nuclear  test sites.    Support  includes long-term  hydrological  monitoring,  a
human  surveillance  investigation program,  and maintenance  of  a radiation data
base.
                                7-4

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                             RADIATION
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES

Cumulative Outputs
          CURRENT
ACTUAL    ESTIMATE   ESTIMATE
1988        1989       1990
INCREASE (+)
DECREASE (-)
1990 vs  1989
Regulations:

  Proposals	

  Promulgations.
             14

             14
        -13

        -14
Guides:

  Proposals.
                                          +1
  Final,
                                          -2
Key for Cumulative Outputs:

   1988:      1 plume protective action guide (PAG) proposed
              1 relocation PAG proposed

   1989:     13 NESHAPs proposed
              1 Low-level waste standard proposed

              1 plume PAG final guide
              1 relocation PAG final guide

   1990:      1 high-level waste standard proposed
              1 PAG proposed (undetermined)
                                 7-5

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Research and
Development

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents
RADIATION                                                               7-1

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   Radiation Research	7-6
      Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 	  7-9
      Environmental Engineering and Technology 	  7-10

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                                                   RADIATION
                                               Radiation Research

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Radiation
 Salaries & Expenses
                       TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology - Radiation
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research ft Development
                       TOTAL
          $153.1
          $153.1
        $1,046.4
        $1,509.5
        $2,555.9
  $167.9
  $167.9
$1,165.2
$2,290.7
$3,455.9
  $167.9
  $167.9
$1,160.0
$2,258.2
$3,418.2
  $292.3
  $292.3
$1,386.4
$2,561.5
$3,947.9
$124.4
$124.4
$226.4
$303.3
$529.7
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development

Radiation Research
        $1,199.5
        $1,509.5
$1,333.1
$2,290.7
$1,327.9
$2,258.2
$1,678.7
$2,561.5
TOTAL   $2,709.0   $3,623.8   $3,586.1   $4,240.2
$350.8
$303.3

$654.1
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Radiation

Environmental
Engineering and
Technology - Radiation

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
             3.1
            16.3
            19.4
     4.7
    18.0
    22.7
     4.7
    17.9
    22.6
     4.7
    17.9
    22.6
                                       7-6

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                                                   RADIATION
                                               Radiation Research

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
TOTAL WORKYEARS
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Radiation

Environmental
Engineering and
Technology - Radiation

TOTAL WORKYEARS
 4.0
16.7
20.7
 4.7
18.0
22.7
 4.7
17.9
22.6
 4.7
17.9
22.6
                                       7-7

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                                    RADIATION
                                Radiation Research
                          Principal Outputs by Oblective
Objective  1:    Provide  Monitoring  and  Quality Assurance  Support  to  Federal.
State, and Local Laboratories

1990:  o     Annual  report  for  calendar  year 1989  on off-site  surveillance
             around the Nevada Test Site (Monitoring)
       o     Annual  report on laboratory  radionuclide  intercomparison studies
             (Monitoring)

1989:  o     Annual  report  for  calendar  year 1988  on off-site  surveillance
             around the Nevada Test Site (Monitoring)

1988:  o     Annual  report for  calendar  year 1987  on off-site   surveillance
             around the Nevada Test Site (Monitoring)
       o     Annual  report on laboratory  radionuclide  intercomparison studies
             (Monitoring)


Objective 2:  Provide Scientific Data to Support the Radon Action Program

1990:  o     Second  annual  national  symposium on  Radon  and Radon  Reduction
             Technology (Engineering)
       o     Updated  guidance   to   mitigation professionals,   do-it-yourself
             homeowners, and state officials on radon mitigation techniques for
             existing homes (Engineering)
       o     Report on initial school mitigation studies (Engineering)

1989:  o     Update  the  guidance manual entitled "Radon  Resistant Residential
             New Construction" (Engineering)

1988:  o     Manuals on  radon reduction techniques  for new and  existing homes
             (Engineering)
       o     First  annual  Symposium  on Radon and  Radon Reduction Technology
             (Engineering)
                                7-8

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                                   RADIATION
                               Radiation Research
Budget Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $4,240,200  supported  by  22.6  total
workyears  for  1990,  an increase  of $654,100 from 1989 and no  change in total
workyears.   Of the request,  $1,678,700 will be for the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation  and  $2,561,500  will be  for  the  Research  and  Development
appropriation, an increase of $350,800 and $303,300 respectively.


Program Objectives

     This  research program provides  the Office  of  Radiation Programs (ORP) and
other  EPA,  Federal,  Regional,  state and  local  officials with  the scientific
data, methods, assessments and mitigative techniques necessary to determine and
control  public  exposure  to radon  and  other  radioactive materials  in  the
environment.  The following objectives support these goals:

     Objective 1.  Provide Monitoring and Quality Assurance Support to Federal.
State,  and  Local  Laboratories.       This    program  provides  comprehensive
radiological monitoring and surveillance services to  meet specific Department
of Energy  (DOE)  requirements for  its nuclear testing programs,  especially at
the Nevada Test  Site.  This  work is  conducted under  a  reimbursable arrangement
with  DOE.    EPA also  conducts a radiochemical  analytical quality  assurance
program  which  supports   Federal,   state,   and  local   laboratories   making
radioactivity measurements.

     Objective 2.  Provide Scientific Data to Support the Radon  Action  Plan.
Under  this program,  the  Office  of  Research and  Development  (ORD)  conducts
research  on,   demonstrates  and evaluates  techniques  to  prevent  and mitigate
exposure to radon  gas  in  existing homes, homes  under  construction, and school
buildings.


MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of  $292,300  supported by 4.7 total workyears
for  this  program,  all  of  which  will be  for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.  This represents an increase of $124,400 for increased personnel
and support costs,  and no  change in total workyears.

      Provide  Monitoring  and Quality Assurance Support to  Federal.  State,  and
Local  Laboratories.    This  research  program will provide  the data  needed by
policy-makers  to  make  decisions  regarding the  control  of public  exposure to
radioactive materials.   Monitoring  support for DOE at  the Nevada Test Site and
other  test locations  will be provided.   This support consists  of a radiation
safety monitoring program, a long-term hydrological monitoring program,  a human
                                7-9

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surveillance investigation program, and maintenance of the radiation data base.
Technical  expertise and  guidance will  be  provided to  Regional,   state,  and
contractor  laboratories  for  radiochemical  analyses of  environmental  samples.
Interlaboratory  comparison  studies will also be  conducted to provide  data on
the  precision and  accuracy  of  radioactivity measurements  in milk,  drinking
water, and air.

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the Agency  is allocating a  total  of $167,900  supported  by 4.7
total  workyears   for this  program,   all  of  which  is  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation.   Monitoring  support including  routine monitoring in
off-site  areas  and support  during  nuclear  tests  is  being  provided  to  the
Department  of Energy  at  the  Nevada  Test  Site  and other  installations.   In
addition,  the  Agency is conducting a quality assurance program  for Regional,
state, and contractor laboratories involved in the radiochemical  analyses of
radionuclides in environmental samples.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency  obligated a total  of  $153,100  supported by 4.0 total
workyears  for  this   program,  all of which  was  from the Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.   Annual reports  on the  laboratory radionuclide intercomparison
studies and the off-site surveillance program were published.


ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY  '

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total   of  $3,947,900  supported  by  17.9  total
workyears  for  this  program,  of  which $1,386,400  will be for  the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and  $2,561,500 will  be for the Research and Development
appropriation.     This   represents   increases    of   $226,400  and  $303,300,
respectively, and no change in total workyears.   The increase in funding will
be used  for  school  mitigation research  and  for  increased personnel and support
costs.

      Provide Scientific  Data' to Support the Radon Action Plan.   Exposure to
indoor radon gas poses  a  significant risk to  public  health.    In order to
address  the risks   associated  with  radon  and to respond  to growing  public
concern,   the "Radon Gas  and Indoor  Air  quality  Research  Act of  1986" (SARA
Title  IV)   and  the  "Radon  Pollution Control  Act  of  1988"  were  enacted by
Congress.  These acts authorize EPA to conduct a variety of applied research on
indoor radon  including demonstrations of techniques  to  reduce exposure.   The
1990 radon research program will carry out this  responsibility by demonstrating
and evaluating mitigation techniques  in existing homes,  evaluating preventive
measures for homes under construction, and evaluating mitigation techniques for
school buildings.

     Increased emphasis will be placed on  assessing whether  radon mitigation
techniques presently used in houses  are  effective in schools.   Specifically,
the  Agency  will   examine   the   structural,  architectural,   and  ventilation
differences  between   homes  and   schools  to   determine   if    the   unique
                                 7-10

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characteristics  of  school buildings  alter  the  effectiveness  of  previously
examined mitigation techniques.  The results from the school mitigation program
will be provided to state agencies and local school districts.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency  is allocating  a total of $3,418,200 supported by 17.9
total workyears for this  program,  of which $1,160,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $2,258,200   is  from  the  Research and  Development
appropriation.  Radon reduction techniques are being demonstrated and tested in
existing houses  and preventive measures are  being  evaluated for homes  under
construction.   Studies are  also  being  conducted in the laboratory  to  tests
several mitigation  techniques.   The research program is  demonstrating  these
techniques for  a  representative matrix  of  homes with different  initial  radon
levels  and construction  characteristics located in  a  variety of  geological
settings.   The results  of the  research  in new homes  will be used to update the
manual entitled  "Radon Resistant  Residential New  Construction."   In addition,
Agency  staff  provide   technical  information   to   community  leaders   and
participating homeowners at the demonstration sites.

1988 Accdmplishments

     In 1988,  the Agency obligated a  total  of $2,555,900 supported  by  16.7
total workyears for this program,  of which $1,046,400 was from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and $1,509,500  was from the Research and  Development
appropriation.  Demonstrations of radon mitigation techniques were conducted in
both existing homes  and new construction.   Technical guidance  documents  were
produced  for  both of  these  areas.  The brochure "Radon Reduction  Methods:  A
Homeowners Guide"  continued to be widely reprinted  and  circulated  throughout
the nation.
                                 7-11

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Abatement and
   Control

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990  Budget  Estimate

                              Table of Contents
RADIATION                                                               7-1

ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
   Radiation Criteria, Standards and Guidelines	7-12
   Radiation Program Implementation	7-16
   Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment 	  7-19
   Radon Action Program	7-22
   Radon Action Program Implementation 	  7-26

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                                                   RADIATION
                                   Radiation Criteria,  Standards & Guidelines

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Radiation Criteria,
Standards & Guidelines
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
$3,320.6
$2,960.6
$3,389.6
$2,035.6
$3,372.3
$1,994.4
$3,524.1
$1,794.4
                       TOTAL   $6,281.2   $5,425.2   $5,366.7   $5,318.5
 $151.8
•$200.0

 -$48.2
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance

Radiation Criteria,    TOTAL
Standards & Guidelines
$3,320.6   $3,389.6   $3,372.3   $3,524.1      $151.8
$2,960.6   $2,035.6   $1,994.4   $1,794.4     -$200.0
$6,281.2   $5,425.2   $5,366.7   $5,318.5      -$48.2
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radiation Criteria,
Standards & Guidelines
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
    52.6

    52.6
    57.9

    57.9
    56.6

    56.6
    57.6

    57.6
    1.0

    1.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radiation Criteria,
Standards & Guidelines

TOTAL WORKYEARS
    56.7
    56.7
    57.9
    57.9
    56.6
    56.6
    57.6


    57.6
    1.0
    1.0
                                       7-12

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                                   RADIATION
                 Radiation Criteria, Standards, and Guidelines
Budget Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total   of  $5,318,500  supported  by  57.6  total
workyears for  1990.   Of  the  request,  $3,524,100 will be for  the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation  and $1,794,400 will be  for the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance  appropriation.    This represents  an  increase  of  $151,800  in the
Salaries and Expenses  appropriation,  a decrease of $200,000  in the Abatement,
Control  and Compliance  appropriation,  and an  increase of  1.0 workyear  from
1989.
RADIATION CRITERIA. STANDARDS. AND GUIDELINES

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total   of   $5,318,500  supported  by  57.6  total
workyears for  this program,  of which $3,524,100 will be  for  the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation  and $1,794,400 will  be  for the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance  appropriation.    This   represents an  increase  of  $151,800  in the
Salaries and Expenses  appropriation,  a decrease of $200,000  in the Abatement,
Control  and Compliance  appropriation,  and  an  increase of  1.0  workyear  from
1989.   The  increase in Salaries and  Expenses reflects  increased.personnel and
support  costs.   The decrease in  Abatement,  Control and Compliance reflects a
shift  from  the high-level  waste program  to  radiofrequency activities,  due to
completed activities.

     In  1990  EPA will  continue  to concentrate  on three  major program areas:
addressing airborne radionuclides,  establishing standards for radioactive waste
management,  and developing  Federal Guidance.   The airborne radionuclides effort
will focus on  implementing  the final  National Emission Standards for Hazardous
Air  Pollutants (NESHAPs) rules  issued in 1989.   The Agency will  continue to
pursue  transfer  of NESHAPs implementation responsibilities  to  the states and
will  provide  guidance  to   those  states   seeking  delegation  of  authority.
Guidance on implementing the  NESHAPs program will also be given to  the Regions.
In  addition,   the  Agency will maintain  a national  data  base  related  to the
implementation program.

     As  part  of  the   effort to  address  the   problem of  radioactive  waste
disposal,   EPA  will   work  towards   promulgation  of  the   final  low-level
radioactive waste  standard  and provide  required  implementation assistance to
the  Regions  and states.   The Agency will develop a site evaluation  model as
well  as other user-friendly  computer  models,   and  will  initiate  a  study of
naturally  and  accelerator  produced  radioactive  materials.     EPA will  also
continue the  development of a high-level waste  standard required by  a court
remand,  including  the  development of  a  background  information document and
                                 7-13

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regulatory impact assessment.

     The Agency will continue  its  radiofrequency  efforts  at a level sufficient
to  maintain  measurement  capabilities,   conduct   limited  field  studies,  and
disseminate  information  to  the  public.    Working  arrangements  have  been
established  with  the   Federal  Communications  Commission,   the  Department  of
Defense, and other agencies.   Technical  advice, assistance, and oversight will
also be provided.

     As  part  of  its  nuclear  accident  response  efforts,   EPA  will  continue
development of a protective  action guide (PAG)  for ingestion pathways and will
initiate  development of  criteria  for  accident  contamination  recovery.   The
Agency will  conduct  a  training program  to help ensure  the  uniform application
of the PAGs nationwide in emergency situations.

1989 Program

     In 1989  the Agency is allocating a  total  of $5,366,700 supported by 56.6
total workyears for  this program,  of  which  $3,372,300 is  from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $1,994,400  is  from  the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     In  1989  EPA is giving priority to revising the  radionuclide  NESHAPs  in
accordance with the  court  remand  of established standards.   Modifications have
been made, as  necessary,  to respond  to  the  court decision  that  limits the use
of  cost factors  in establishing  required  levels.   All standards  that were
previously promulgated have been reviewed for compliance  with the court order,
and source categories that  were determined not  to require regulation are being
reexamined to determine the  propriety of those  decisions.  In 1989 a notice of
proposed  rulemaking will  be  published,  public  hearings  conducted,  comments
received  and  considered,  and  the final  rule issued.   Agreements  with  the
Department  of Energy  and  the Nuclear  Regulatory  Commission will  determine
responsibilities for implementation of the standards for facilities under their
respective jurisdictions.

     The  notice  of proposed  rulemaking   for  land  disposal   of  low-level
radioactive waste,  including naturally and  accelerator produced  materials,  is
being  published  following  the  completion of  both the background information
document  and  environmental  impact  assessment.     Public   hearings  will  be
conducted, and comments  received  and  considered  for  the  final  rule.   Existing
standards  for  inactive mill  tailings sites under  the  Uranium Mill  Tailings
Radiation Control Act  are being  augmented  with  the  promulgation  of standards
for ground water protection at these sites.

     As part  of its work  toward  reproposal of  the  high-level waste standard
remanded  by  the  court,   EPA  will  continue  development  of   a  background
information document and  regulatory  impact  assessment.   The Agency  will also
continue development of residual  radioactivity  standards and will  complete  a
risk assessment  and a  sensitivity analysis of the  on-site pathway  code.   In
addition, the Agency will initiate an inventory of contaminated sites that will
be completed in 1990.

     An electromagnetic strategy will  be finalized and a study of a radio tower
will be  conducted,  followed by a  report of findings.   The Agency  will issue
                               , 7-14

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PAGs for plume  and relocation in the event of a nuclear  incident.   These PAGs
are being  incorporated in the Manual  of Protective Actions,  used  in Federal,
state,  and local emergency  preparedness plans in  the  event of a  domestic or
foreign radiation incident.  Work on the protective action guide for ingestion
(food and water) will continue.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988 the Agency obligated $6,281,200  and 56.7  total workyears for this
program,  of which  $3,320,600 was from the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation
and $2,960,600 was from the Abatement,  Control and Compliance appropriation.

     In support of the NESHAPs rulemaking, information  was compiled for source
categories, sampling  was  conducted at  selected facilities, and site specific
categories were  determined.   Guidance was provided to the  Regions on NESHAPs
implementation,  inspection,  and  enforcement.   A  total  of  120 requests  for
review,  acceptance,   extensions,  and  exemptions  to  the   radionuclide  NESHAPs
standard were completed.

     Proposed  rules  for  the low-level  waste standard were  submitted  to  the
Office of Management and Budget for review and comment,  and testimony regarding
the high-level waste  standard provided to the Congress.   Analysis necessary to
develop  environmental standards for  residual radioactivity at decommissioned
nuclear  facilities  continued.    Development  of standards  for  inactive uranium
mill  tailings  sites, as well  as  development  of  radiofrequency  guidance,
proceeded.    Plume and relocation PAG development was completed.
                                7-15

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                                                            RADIATION
                                                 Radiation Program Implementation
ACTUAL
1988

PROGRAM
Radiation Program
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses $409.5
TOTAL $409 . 5
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $409.5
Radiation Program TOTAL $409.5
ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$341.7 $358.7 $369.9
$341.7 $358.7 $369.9
$341.7 $358.7 $369.9
$341.7 $358.7 $369.9

$11.2
$11.2
$11.2
$11.2
Implementation
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radiation Program
Implementation
7.1
6.0
6.0
7.0
1.0
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
7.1
6.0
6.0
7.0
1.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radiation Program
Implementation

TOTAL WORKYEARS
8.2
8.2
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
                                        7-16

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                                   RADIATION
                       Radiation Program Implementation
Budget Request

     The Agency requests  a total of $369,900 supported by  7.0 total workyears
for 1990,  all of  which will be  for  the Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.
This  represents   an   increase   of  $11,200  in  the   Salaries   and  Expenses
appropriation and no change in total workyears from 1989.
RADIATION PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a total of $369,900 supported by  7.0 total workyears
for  this  program,  all  of  which will  be  for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.   This  represents  an increase  of $11,200  in the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation  and  no  change  in total  workyears  from  1989.    The
increase reflects increased personnel and support costs.

     In  1990  Regional  Offices  will participate  fully in  all aspects  of  the
implementation   program   for  sources   covered   by  NESHAPs   for   airborne
radionuclides from emission  sources within  their  geographic boundaries.   The
testing and evaluation of state emergency response plans  will continue to be an
important element  of  Regional operations, along with review  of updated plans.
EPA assists states  in  the  development  of  radiological  emergency response plans
and formally  reviews  these plans  along with  other Federal  agencies  under  the
coordination  of  the Federal  Emergency Management Agency.   Also,  the  Regions
will  remain  involved  with state  agencies and  the public  in presenting  and
interpreting  Agency information and guidance  regarding  radiation  problems in
their area.

    Regional  Offices  will  continue  to  participate  in  identification  and
assessment of hazardous  waste  sites that are  contaminated with radioactivity,
and will serve as coordination points for remedial action programs for sites in
their Regions.  This  effort supports both the  EPA Headquarters hazardous waste
programs and the requests from the states.  The Regions will continue to be the
primary reviewers  of  environmental impact statements  for  radiation facilities,
such  as  commercial  nuclear  power  plants,   uranium mines  and  mills,  and
radioactive waste   disposal  facilities.    They will  also  respond to  special
problems involving actual or potential  radiation releases  or exposures.


1989 Program

     In  1989  the  Agency  is  allocating a total of  $358,700 supported  by  7.0
total  workyears  for  this  program,  all  of  which  is  from  the  Salaries  and
                                7-17

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Expenses appropriation.

     In  1989  the  Regional  radiation  program  is  continuing  to  focus  on
emergency  preparedness  and   technical   assistance  to  states.     Activities
include:    participation   in   Regional   Assistance  Committees,   testing  and
evaluation of  emergency  response  plans,  and review of  updated state and local
emergency  response  plans.    Regional  Offices  are  reviewing  requests  for
construction  permits,   modifications  to  facilities,   and  other  requirements
associated with   the  airborne radionuclides NESHAPs.   The Regional  staff is
also providing coordination necessary where  the national program  is  directly
involved  in  implementation of the  radionuclide  NESHAPs   in areas  such  as
waivers, exemptions, and alternate requirements.  Regional programs continue to
be  involved  in   the  characterization  of  hazardous  waste  sites  subject  to
possible  remedial  action.    This   includes  staff  participation  as  on-site
radiation  consultants  in  addressing  problems  at  sites   that  are  on  the
Superfund National  Priority List.    The  Regions are continuing as  the primary
reviewer of  environmental  impact  statements for radiation facilities,  such as
uranium mills and mines, and radioactive waste disposal facilities.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988  the Agency obligated a total of $409,500 supported by 8.2 total
workyears for  this  program, all  of which  was  from the Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.

     In 1988 emergency preparedness  and  technical  assistance  to  the states and
other EPA Regional programs remained a central  focus  of the  Regional radiation
program.  Regional Offices  also reviewed requests  for  construction permits and
requests  for  exemptions  for  facilities  covered  by  airborne  radionuclide
NESHAPs.    They  continued  to  review  environmental  impact  statements  for
radiation facilities,  such as  uranium mills and   mines,  and radioactive waste
disposal sites.   They  also continued to be  involved  with the characterization
of hazardous waste  sites,  and  provided technical  assistance and  advice to the
Superfund program on actual or possible remedial actions.
                                7-18

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                                                   RADIATION
                                   Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Radiation Environmental
Impact Assessment
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
        $2,885.6   $2,991.0   $3,119.1   $3,200.7
          $250.3      $30.3      $30.3      $30.3
                       TOTAL   $3,135.9   $3,021.3   $3,149.4   $3,231.0
                                 $81.6


                                 $81.6
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance

Radiation
Environmental Impact
Assessment
        $2,885.6   $2,991.0   $3,119.1   $3,200.7
          $250.3      $30.3      $30.3      $30.3
TOTAL   $3,135.9  .$3,021.3   $3,149.4   $3,231.0
                                 $81.6
                                 $81.6
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radiation Environmental
Impact Assessment

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
            43.5
            43.5
51.0
51.0
51.0
51.0
51.0
96.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radiation Environmental
Impact Assessment

TOTAL WORKYEARS
            47.4
            47.4
51.0
51.0
51.0
51.0
51.0
51.0
                                        7-19

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                                   RADIATION
                   Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment
Budget Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $3,231,000  supported  by  51.0  total
workyears for  1990.   Of  the  request,  $3,200,700 will be for  the  Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $30,300  will  be  for  the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance  appropriation.    This represents  an  increase  of  $81,600  for  the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and no change in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation or in total  workyears.
RADIATION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total   of  $3,231,000  supported  by  51.0  total
workyears  of  which   $3,200,700   will  be  for  the   Salaries   and  Expenses
appropriation  and  $30,300  will  be  for  Abatement  Control  and  Compliance
appropriation.   This represents  an  increase of  $81,600 for the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation and  no change  the Abatement,  Control and  Compliance
appropriation or in total workyears.   The increase reflects increased personnel
and support costs.                        .

     In  L990  EPA  will continue  to  support  development,  implementation,  and
enforcement of  standards  under the  Clean  Air Act,  the Atomic Energy  Act,  and
other  statutory  authorities.    This  will  include  support  for  implementing
NESHAPs  for  airborne radionuclides,  and  may include collecting  and analyzing
air  samples   from  facilities  to  verify  compliance  with  existing  standards.
Analysis of data  obtained through field data collection  from the Idaho survey
will facilitate a decision on what additional steps  should be taken.

     EPA will continue to maintain emergency response capabilities at two field
locations, and will also  participate  in  field exercises scheduled by FEMA.   In
addition,  EPA will  extend  training  for  nuclear  accident  responses   to  the
radiation  staff  beyond the  core  group who  normally participate  in  tests  and
exercises of  the  existing Federal emergency response plans.   The 268 stations
of the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS),  which collect
and analyze samples  of air,  precipitation, and milk  to help  determine ambient
radiation levels, will continue in full operation.

     EPA will  continue to  provide  limited  support  to states,   other  Federal
agencies,  and  other  parts  of  EPA  in  the  form  of  radiochemical  analyses,
technical assistance, and participation  in the  Conference of  Radiation Control
Program Directors.  The Agency will  make  available  reports of radiation levels
in naval harbors surveyed at the request of the Navy.
                                7-20

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1989 Program

     In 1989  the  Agency is allocating a total  of $3,149,400 supported by 51.0
total workyears for this program,  of  which  $3,119,100  is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and   $30,300  is   from  the  Abatement,   Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     In 1989  EPA  is continuing laboratory and technical support for regulation
and guidance  development.   Collection of environmental  information related to
the  proposal  of  regulations  for residual  radioactivity  at  decommissioned
nuclear facilities  is also continuing.   Environmental  assessments  in harbors
servicing nuclear-powered  vessels  are  being provided,  in  accordance  with an
Interagency Agreement  with the Navy.  A similar  arrangement  with the Federal
Communications Commission  provides for measurement of  radiofrequency levels in
specific locations of interest or concern.

   Other  activities  in  1989  include:   maintenance of an  emergency  response
capability,  coordination of  EPA  Regional  Office  review and  testing  of state
emergency  response  plans, assistance   to  other  EPA   offices  and  to  state
radiological programs, and operation of ERAMS.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of $3,135,900 supported by 47.4 total
workyears for this  program  of  which  $2,885,600  was   from  the   Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $250,300 was  from   the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     In 1988  EPA  continued laboratory and technical support of regulation and
guidance development.   Program activities  also included  the maintenance of an
emergency response  capability,  participation in  a full field  exercise  of the
Federal Radiation Emergency Response  Plan,  coordination of EPA Regional Office
review and testing  of state emergency response plans,  assistance  to other EPA
offices and  to state  radiological programs,  and  operation of ERAMS.   Ocean
disposal support activities continued for the development of technical criteria
in  support  of the  Agency's  ocean disposal  regulation,  which will  cover low
level radioactive waste.
                                7-21

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                                                             RADIATION
                                                       Radon Action Program

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Radon Action Program
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
$1,562.9   $2,515.8   $2,542.4   $2,614.9
$4,899.6   $7,499.7   $7,398.8  $15,398.8
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
$1,562.9   $2,515.8
$4,899.6   $7,499.7
                                 $72.5
                              $8,000.0
                       TOTAL   $6,462.5  $10,015.5   $9,941.2  $18,013.7    $8,072.5
       $2,542.4   $2,614.9       $72.5
       $7,398.8  $15,398.8    $8,000.0
Radon Action Program   TOTAL   $6,462.5  $10,015.5   $9,941.2  $18,013.7    $8,072.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radon Action Program

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
    23.7

    23.7
45.3

45.3
45.3

45.3
45.3

45.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radon Action Program

TOTAL WORKYEARS
    24.5

    24.5
45.3

45.3
45.3

45.3
45.3

45.3
                                        7-22

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                                   RADIATION
                             Radon Action Program
Budget Request

   The Agency requests a total of $18,013,700 supported by 45.3 total workyears
for 1990, an increase of $8,072,500 and no change in total workyears from 1989.
Of the request, $2,614,900 will be  for  the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and   $15,398,800   will   be   for   the  Abatement,   Control   and   Compliance
appropriation.   This  represents  an  increase  of $72,500  in the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $8,000,000 in the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance appropriation, and no change in total workyears.
RADON ACTION PROGRAM

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $18,013,700  supported by  45.3  total
workyears for  this  program,  of which  $2,614,900 will be for  the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation  and $15,398,800  will be for the  Abatement,  Control and
Compliance  appropriation.    This  represents  an  increase  of  $72,500 in  the
Salaries  and   Expenses  appropriation,  an  increase  of  $8,000,000  in  the
Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance appropriation,   and no   change   in  total
workyears.  The increases  reflect the  increase in  personnel  and support costs
and the establishment of a state grant  program.

     In 1990 EPA will continue  to  conduct  a comprehensive Radon Action Program
to  address  and  reduce  the  health impacts  of  radon exposure.    Specific
activities  will  include  the   completion   of  the  field  operation  and  data
collection phase of the national survey of radon in residences, continuation of
the  House  Evaluation  Program  (HEP),  and the  development  of protocols  for
measuring  radon  in  schools.    EPA  will  also continue  to provide  technical
assistance  to   individual  states   in the  design  and  execution of  state-wide
surveys,  including  the  collection of screening  measurements   in homes  and the
presentation of analyses of potentially high-risk radon areas to the public.

     For the first time, EPA will  issue  grants to states to assist them in the
development and implementation of programs to assess and mitigate radon.  State
programs  funded through these Federal grants  will include activities  such as
carrying out radon surveys; establishment  of radon assessment, mitigation, and
control programs; development of  public  information and educational materials;
development  of  data  storage  and  management  systems;  operation  of  radon
hotlines; and the purchase of analytical equipment.

     EPA  will  continue  the  National  Radon  Measurement  Proficiency  (RMP)
Program, which  evaluates the  capability of firms to  accurately measure  radon
levels.   The Agency  will make information  about  the  proficiency of individual
                                 7-23

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firms available  to the public  through  state radiation offices.   In addition,
EPA will  initiate the National Radon Mitigation  Contractor Proficiency (RMCP)
Program to evaluate the capability of firms to mitigate radon.

     In  1990  additional  Regional  training  centers  will  be  selected  and
established through cooperative agreements.  In addition to training offered at
the centers,  five sessions of the Radon Diagnostician  and Mitigation Training
course will be conducted in 1990.

1989 Program

     In 1989  the Agency is allocating a total  of $9,941,200 supported by 45.3
total workyears  for this program,  of which $2,542,400 is  from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $7,398,800  is  from  the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     In  1989  EPA is  continuing  to  implement  a  comprehensive Radon  Action
Program to minimize the health risks of radon through partnerships with states.
Specific activities  include continuing field work  and  data collection efforts
associated with  the  national  survey of radon in  residences,  providing interim
protocols needed  to carry out a national survey of radon levels in schools, and
developing standardized  protocols  for  soil gas measurements  and for measuring
radon levels  in  workplaces.   In addition,  EPA  is incorporating new technology
into the  HEP and  evaluating  and designing mitigation schemes  for  20 homes in
that program.    The  Agency is  also providing  direct technical  assistance to
states,  including assisting eight  states  in designing and conducting intensive
state-wide surveys.

     In 1989 EPA  is continuing to conduct the national RMP Program.   The Agency
is  also developing  a mitigation  contractor proficiency  program  to evaluate
radon mitigation  firms and provide  information  to the public on the capability
of firms working  in the radon mitigation field.

   The  Agency is  developing  criteria  for  the  selection  of  Regional training
centers, establishing  guidelines for their operation,  and issuing cooperative
agreements to establish three centers in 1989.   The Agency is also updating the
Radon Diagnostician and  Mitigation Training Course and plans  to conduct seven
sessions of the updated three-day course in 1989.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of $6,462,500 supported by 24.5 total
workyears, of which $1,562,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $4,899,600 was from the Abatement,  Control and Compliance appropriation.

     EPA continued implementation  of  the Radon Action Program  in 1988 through
initiation of  a  national survey of radon  levels  in residences and development
of protocols for  soil  gas  and radon in  schools  measurements.  In addition, the
Agency  began  incorporating  new  technology into  the  HEP  and evaluated  and
designed mitigation schemes for  ten homes  in  the  program.   The Agency provided
technical assistance to  states  and seven states  completed  surveys  with design
and analytic support from EPA.

   The National RMP Program was  continued  and another round of evaluations was
                                7-24

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completed.  Eight  sessions  of the Radon Diagnostician  and  Mitigation Training
Course were  conducted.    EPA  also distributed  an interim  guide  and technical
guidance on radon reduction in new construction.
                                7-25

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                                                             RADIATION
                                                Radon Action Program Implementation

ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED CURRENT
1989 ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Radon Action Program
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
$635.9
$30.0
$665.9
$635.9
$30.0
$654.5 $622.9
$654.5 $622.9
$654.5 $622.9
$649.6
$649.6
$649.6
$26.7
$26.7
$26.7
  Compliance

Radon Action Program
Implementation
TOTAL     $665.9     $654.5     $622.9     $649.6
                                 $26.7
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radon Action Program
Implementation

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
            12.0
            12.0
15.6
15.6
15.3
15.3
16.7
16.7
1.4
1.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radon "Action Program
Implementation

TOTAL WORKYEARS
            13.4
            13.4
17.0
17.0
16.7
16.7
16.7
16.7
                                       7-26

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                                   RADIATION
                      Radon Action Program Implementation
Budget Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of  $649,600 supported by 16.7 total workyears
for 1990, an  increase  $26,700  and no change in total workyears from 1989.  All
of  the  request will  be for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.   This
represents an increase of  $26,700 for the  Salaries  and Expenses appropriation
and no change in total workyears from 1989.
RADON ACTION PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of  $649,600  supported by 16.7 total workyears
for  this  program,  all  of  which  will  be   for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
approprition.   This  represents  an  increase  of $26,700  for the  Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  no  change  in total  workyears  from  1989.    The
increase reflects increased personnel and support costs.

     In 1990,  the  Regional  Offices will continue to  support implementation of
the  Radon .Action  Program  by  coordinating  radon activities  at the  state and
local  level.   Regions  will oversee  implementation  of the  Agency's  new radon
state grant program.  Additionally, six to eight states will be assisted in the
design and execution of  state-wide radon  surveys.   Screening measurements will
be collected  in  15,000  to  20,000  homes  and the Regions will  assist  in making
the results available to the public.

   The Regions will also continue participation in the House Evaluation Program
(HEP), with  an assessment  of approximately twenty homes  in ten  states.   The
Regions  will  continue  to  support  development  of  state  and  local  radon
capabilities by  overseeing  the operation of  Regional training centers  and by
arranging  five presentations  of  the Radon Diagnostic  and  Mitigation Training
Course at  selected  locations.  The  Regions will also  assist the states in their
efforts to conduct the course independently.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the  Agency is  allocating  a total of $622,900  supported by 16.7
total  workyears  for  this  program,   all  of  which   is  from  the   Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation.

     In  1989,  Regional  Offices  are  continuing  to  assist  and  coordinate
activities to  support  the  implementation  of  the radon  program  by  providing
direct support to  the states  in  the development of  state  capabilities.   This
includes assistance in  developing state  survey designs, review of state plans
                                7-27

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for participation in the national assessment of indoor radon, assistance in the
development  of  state  radon  capabilities,  participation  in  the  HEP,  and
technical advice and assistance to state and local governments.

   The Regions  are  assisting in  the  selection of sites  for Regional training
centers and will oversee these centers  when they  become operational.   Regional
Offices are also participating in the presentation of the Radon Diagnostic and
Mitigation Training Course.   Support to states is being  provided as  needed to
deal with the most critical radon problems as they are discovered.  The Regions
are  also  continuing  to act  as   distribution points  for  public  information
materials and are involved in radon public awareness  activities.

1988 Accomplishments

      In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $665,900 supported by 13.4 total
workyears, of which $635,900  was from  the  Salaries  and Expenses appropriation
and $30,000 was from the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation.

      In  1988,  the Regional  Offices  supported  the Radon  Action Program  by
providing technical assistance  to states in their efforts  to  develop programs
to  address  exposure  to indoor  radon.   Regional  efforts  included developing
state survey  designs,  reviewing  state  plans for participation in the national
assessment  of  indoor  radon,  assisting  in  the   development  of   state  radon
capabilities,  participation in  the HEP, assistance  in  the  presentation of the
Radon  Diagnostic  and  Mitigation  Training Course,  and  providing  technical
assistance  to  state   and   local  governments.    The  Regions  also  conducted
outreach  programs  to  the  public and local agencies as  part of  a continuing
radon educational program.
                                7-28

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents


                                                                        Page

RADIATION                                                               7-1

ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
   Radiation Criteria, Standards and Guidelines	7-12
   Radiation Program Implementation	7-16
   Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment 	  7-19
   Radon Action Program	7-22
   Radon Action Program Implementation 	  7-26

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                                                   RADIATION
                                   Radiation Criteria,  Standards & Guidelines

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Radiation Criteria,
Standards & Guidelines
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
$3,320.6
$2,960.6
$3,389.6
$2,035.6
$3,372.3
$1,994.4
$3,524.1
$1,794.4
                       TOTAL   $6,281.2   $5,425.2   $5,366.7   $5,318.5
 $151.8
•$200.0

 -$48.2
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance

Radiation Criteria,    TOTAL
Standards & Guidelines
$3,320.6   $3,389.6   $3,372.3   $3,524.1      $151.8
$2,960.6   $2,035.6   $1,994.4   $1,794.4     -$200.0
$6,281.2   $5,425.2   $5,366.7   $5,318.5      -$48.2
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radiation Criteria,
Standards & Guidelines
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
    52.6

    52.6
    57.9

    57.9
    56.6

    56.6
    57.6

    57.6
    1.0

    1.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radiation Criteria,
Standards & Guidelines
    56.7
    57.9
    56.6
    57.6
    1.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
    56.7
    57.9
    56.6
    57.6
    1.0
                                       7-12

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                                   RADIATION
                 Radiation Criteria, Standards,  and Guidelines
Budget Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $5,318,500  supported  by  57.6  total
workyears for  1990.   Of  the  request,  $3,524,100 will be for  the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation  and $1,794,400  will be  for the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance  appropriation.    This represents  an  increase  of  $151,800  in the
Salaries and Expenses  appropriation, a decrease of $200,000  in the Abatement,
Control  and Compliance appropriation,  and an  increase of  1.0 workyear  from
1989.
RADIATION CRITERIA. STANDARDS. AND GUIDELINES

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $5,318,500  supported  by  57.6  total
workyears for  this program, of which  $3,524,100 will be for  the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation  and $1,794,400  will  be  for the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance  appropriation.    This   represents  an -increase  of  $151,800  in the
Salaries and Expenses  appropriation,  a decrease of $200,000  in the Abatement,
Control  and Compliance  appropriation,  and . an  increase of  1.0 workyear  from
1989.  The  increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects  increased personnel and
support  costs.   The decrease  in  Abatement,  Control and Compliance reflects a
shift from  the high-level waste program  to radiofrequency activities,  due to
completed activities.

     In  1990  EPA will  continue  to concentrate  on three major  program areas:
addressing airborne radionuclides,  establishing standards for radioactive waste
management,  and developing Federal Guidance.  The airborne radionuclides effort
will focus on  implementing  the final National Emission  Standards for Hazardous
Air  Pollutants (NESHAPs) rules  issued in 1989.   The  Agency will  continue to
pursue transfer  of NESHAPs  implementation  responsibilities  to  the states and
will  provide  guidance  to  those  states  seeking  delegation  of  authority.
Guidance on implementing the NESHAPs program will also be given to  the Regions.
In  addition,   the  Agency will maintain  a national  data base  related  to the
implementation program.

     As  part  of  the   effort  to  address  the   problem of  radioactive  waste
disposal,   EPA  will  work   towards   promulgation  of  the   final  low-level
radioactive waste  standard and provide  required  implementation  assistance to
the  Regions  and states.   The Agency will  develop a  site evaluation  model as
well  as  other user-friendly  computer  models,   and  will initiate  a  study of
naturally  and  accelerator  produced  radioactive  materials.     EPA will  also
continue the  development of  a high-level waste  standard required by  a court
remand,   including   the  development of  a background  information document and
                                 7-13

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regulatory impact assessment.

     The Agency will continue  its  radiofrequency  efforts  at a level sufficient
to  maintain  measurement  capabilities,   conduct   limited  field  studies,  and
disseminate  information  to  the  public.    Working  arrangements  have  been
established  with  the   Federal  Communications  Commission,   the  Department  of
Defense, and other agencies.   Technical  advice, assistance, and oversight will
also be provided.

     As  part  of  its  nuclear  accident  response  efforts,   EPA  will  continue
development of a protective  action guide (PAG)  for ingestion pathways and will
initiate  development of  criteria  for  accident  contamination  recovery.   The
Agency will  conduct  a  training program  to help ensure  the  uniform application
of the PAGs nationwide in emergency situations.

1989 Program

     In 1989  the  Agency is allocating a  total  of $5,366,700 supported by 56.6
total workyears for  this program,  of  which  $3,372,300 is  from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $1,994,400  is  from  the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     In  1989  EPA is giving priority to  revising the  radionuclide  NESHAPs  in
accordance with the  court  remand  of established standards.   Modifications have
been made, as  necessary,  to respond  to  the  court decision  that  limits the use
of  cost factors  iti establishing  required  levels.   All standards  that were
previously promulgated have been  reviewed for compliance  with the court order,
and source categories that  were determined  not  to require regulation are being
reexamined to determine the  propriety of those  decisions.  In 1989 a notice of
proposed  rulemaking will  be  published,  public  hearings  conducted,  comments
received  and  considered,  and  the final  rule  issued.   Agreements with  the
Department  of Energy  and  the Nuclear  Regulatory  Commission will  determine
responsibilities for implementation of the standards for facilities under their
respective jurisdictions.

     The  notice  of  proposed  rulemaking   for  land  disposal   of  low-level
radioactive waste,  including naturally  and  accelerator produced  materials,  is
being  published  following  the  completion of both the background information
document  and  environmental  impact  assessment.     Public   hearings  will  be
conducted, and comments  received  and  considered  for  the  final  rule.   Existing
standards  for  inactive mill  tailings sites under  the  Uranium Mill  Tailings
Radiation Control Act  are being  augmented  with the  promulgation  of standards
for ground water protection at these sites.

     As part  of its work  toward  reproposal of the  high-level waste standard
remanded  by  the  court,   EPA  will  continue  development  of  a  background
information document and regulatory  impact  assessment.   The Agency  will also
continue development of residual  radioactivity standards and will  complete a
risk assessment  and a  sensitivity analysis of the  on-site pathway  code.   In
addition, the Agency will initiate an inventory  of contaminated sites that will
be completed in 1990.

     An electromagnetic strategy will  be  finalized and a study of a radio tower
will be  conducted,  followed by a report of findings.   The  Agency  will issue
                                7-14

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PAGs for plume  and relocation in the event of a  nuclear  incident.   These PAGs
are being  incorporated in the Manual  of Protective Actions,  used  in Federal,
state,   and local emergency  preparedness plans  in  the  event of a  domestic  or
foreign radiation incident.  Work on  the protective action guide for ingestion
(food and water) will continue.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988 the Agency obligated $6,281,200  and  56.7  total workyears for this
program, of which  $3,320,600 was from the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation
and $2,960,600 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.

     In support of the NESHAPs rulemaking, information  was compiled for source
categories, sampling  was  conducted at  selected  facilities, and site specific
categories were  determined.   Guidance was provided to the  Regions on NESHAPs
implementation,  inspection,  and  enforcement.   A  total  of  120 requests  for
review,  acceptance,   extensions,  and  exemptions  to  the   radionuclide  NESHAPs
standard were completed.

     Proposed  rules  for  the low-level  waste standard were  submitted  to  the
Office of Management and Budget for review and comment,  and testimony regarding
the high-level waste  standard provided to the Congress.   Analysis necessary to
develop  environmental standards for  residual radioactivity  at decommissioned
nuclear  facilities  continued.    Development  of  standards  for  inactive uranium
mill  tailings  sites, as well  as  development  of  radiofrequency  guidance,
proceeded.    Plume and relocation PAG development was completed.
                                7-15

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                                                            RADIATION
                                                 Radiation Program Implementation
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Radiation Program
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses $409.5 $341.7 $358.7 $369.9
TOTAL $409.5 $341.7 $358.7 $369.9
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $409.5 $341.7 $358.7 $369.9
Radiation Program TOTAL $409.5 $341.7 $358.7 $369.9

$11.2
$11.2
$11.2
$11.2
Implementation
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radiation Program
Implementation
7.1
6.0
6.0
7.0
1.0
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
7.1
6.0
6.0
7.0
1.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radiation Program
Implementation

TOTAL WORKYEARS
8.2
8.2
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
                                        7-16

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                                   RADIATION
                       Radiation Program Implementation
Budget Request

     The Agency requests  a total of $369,900 supported by  7.0 total workyears
for  1990,  all of  which will be  for  the Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.
This  represents   an   increase   of  $11,200  in  the   Salaries   and  Expenses
appropriation and no change in total workyears from 1989.
RADIATION PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION

1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of $369,900 supported  by  7.0 total workyears
for  this  program,  all  of  which  will  be  for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.   This  represents  an increase  of $11,200  in the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation  and  no  change  in  total  workyears  from  1989.    The
increase reflects increased personnel and support costs.

     In  1990  Regional  Offices  will participate  fully  in  all aspects  of  the
implementation   program   for  sources   covered   by  NESHAPs   for   airborne
radionuclides from  emission  sources within  their  geographic boundaries.   The
testing and evaluation of state emergency response  plans  will continue to be an
important element of  Regional operations,  along with review of updated plans.
EPA assists states in the  development  of  radiological  emergency response plans
and formally  reviews  these plans  along with  other Federal  agencies  under  the
coordination  of  the  Federal  Emergency Management  Agency.   Also,  the Regions
will  remain  involved with state  agencies  and  the public  in presenting  and
interpreting  Agency  information and guidance  regarding radiation  problems in
their area.

    Regional  Offices  will  continue  to  participate  in  identification  and
assessment of hazardous  waste  sites that are  contaminated with radioactivity,
and will serve as coordination points for remedial  action programs for sites in
their Regions.   This  effort supports both the  EPA  Headquarters hazardous waste
programs and the requests from the states.   The Regions will continue to be the
primary reviewers of  environmental impact .statements  for radiation facilities,
such  as  commercial  nuclear  power  plants,   uranium  mines  and  mills,   and
radioactive waste  disposal  facilities.    They will  also  respond to  special
problems involving actual or potential  radiation releases or exposures.


1989 Program

     In  1989  the Agency  is  allocating a  total of  $358,700 supported  by  7.0
total  workyears  for  this  program,  all  of  which  is  from  the   Salaries  and
                                7-17

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Expenses appropriation.

     In  1989  the  Regional  radiation  program  is  continuing  to  focus  on
emergency  preparedness  and   technical   assistance  to  states.     Activities
include:     participation   in  Regional   Assistance  Committees,   testing  and
evaluation of  emergency  response plans,  and review of  updated state and local
emergency  response  plans.    Regional  Offices  are  reviewing  requests  for
construction  permits,  modifications  to  facilities,   and  other  requirements
associated with   the  airborne radionuclides NESHAPs.   The Regional  staff is
also providing coordination necessary where  the national program  is  directly
involved  in  implementation  of the  radionuclide  NESHAPs   in areas  such  as
waivers, exemptions, and alternate requirements.  Regional programs continue to
be  involved  in  the  characterization  of  hazardous  waste  sites  subject  to
possible  remedial  action.    This   includes  staff  participation  as  on-site
radiation  consultants  in  addressing  problems  at  sites  that  are  on  the
Superfund National  Priority List.    The  Regions are continuing as  the primary
reviewer of  environmental  impact statements for radiation facilities,  such as
uranium mills and mines, and radioactive waste disposal facilities.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988  the Agency obligated a total of $409,500 supported by 8.2 total
workyears for  this program,  all of which  was  from the Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation.

     In 1988 emergency preparedness  and  technical  assistance  to  the states and
other EPA Regional programs remained a central  focus  of the  Regional radiation
program.  Regional Offices  also reviewed requests  for  construction  permits and
requests  for  exemptions  for  facilities  covered  by  airborne  radionuclide
NESHAPs.    They  continued  to  review  environmental  impact  statements  for
radiation facilities,  such as uranium mills and   mines,  and radioactive waste
disposal sites.   They also continued to be  involved  with the characterization
of hazardous waste  sites,  and provided  technical  assistance  and  advice to the
Superfund program on actual or possible remedial actions.
                                 7-18

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                                                   RADIATION
                                   Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Radiation Environmental
Impact Assessment
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
        $2,885.6   $2,991.0   $3,119.1   $3,200.7
          $250.3      $30.3      $30.3      $30.3
                       TOTAL   $3,135.9   $3,021.3   $3,149.4   $3,231.0
                                 $81.6


                                 $81.6
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance

Radiation
Environmental Impact
Assessment
        $2,885.6   $2,991.0   $3,119.1   $3,200.7
          $250.3      $30.3      $30.3      $30.3
TOTAL   $3,135.9   $3,021.3   $3,149.4   $3,231.0
                                 $81.6
                                 $81.6
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radiation Environmental
Impact Assessment

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
            43.5
            43.5
51.0
51.0
51.0
51.0
51.0
96.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radiation Environmental
Impact Assessment

TOTAL WORKYEARS
            47.4
            47.4
51.0
51.0
51.0
51.0
51.0
51.0
                                        7-19

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                                   RADIATION
                   Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment
Budget Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $3,231,000  supported  by  51.0  total
workyears for  1990.   Of  the  request,  $3,200,700 will be for  the  Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $30,300  will  be  for  the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance  appropriation.    This represents  an  increase  of  $81,600  for  the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and no change in the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance appropriation or in total workyears.
RADIATION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $3,231,000  supported  by  51.0  total
workyears  of  which   $3,200,700   will  be  for  the   Salaries   and  Expenses
appropriation  and  $30,300  will  be  for  Abatement  Control  and  Compliance
appropriation.   This  represents  an  increase of  $81,600 for the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation and  no change  the  Abatement,  Control and  Compliance
appropriation or in total workyears.   The increase reflects increased personnel
and support costs.

     In  1990  EPA  will continue  to support development,  implementation,  and
enforcement of  standards  under the  Clean  Air Act,  the Atomic Energy  Act,  and
other  statutory  authorities.    This  will  include  support  for  implementing
NESHAPs  for  airborne  radionuclides, and  may include collecting  and analyzing
air  samples   from  facilities  to verify  compliance with  existing  standards.
Analysis of data  obtained through field data collection  from the Idaho survey
will facilitate a decision on what additional steps should be taken.

     EPA will continue to maintain emergency response capabilities at two field
locations, and will also  participate in  field exercises scheduled by FEMA.   In
addition,  EPA will  extend  training  for  nuclear  accident  responses   to  the
radiation  staff  beyond the  core  group who  normally participate  in  tests  and
exercises  of  the  existing Federal emergency response plans.   The 268 stations
of the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS),  which collect
and analyze samples of air,  precipitation,  and milk to help  determine ambient
radiation levels, will continue in full operation.

     EPA will continue to  provide  limited  support to states,   other  Federal
agencies,  and  other  parts  of  EPA in  the  form of   radiochemical  analyses,
technical  assistance, and participation  in  the  Conference of  Radiation Control
Program Directors.  The Agency will  make  available  reports of radiation levels
in naval harbors surveyed at the request of the Navy.
                                7-20

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1989 Program

     In 1989  the  Agency is allocating a  total  of $3,149,400 supported by 51.0
total workyears for this program,  of  which $3,119,100 is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and   $30,300  is  from  the  Abatement,   Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     In 1989  EPA  is continuing laboratory and technical support for regulation
and guidance  development.   Collection of  environmental  information related to
the  proposal  of  regulations  for residual  radioactivity  at  decommissioned
nuclear facilities  is also continuing.   Environmental  assessments  in harbors
servicing nuclear-powered  vessels  are  being provided,  in accordance  with an
Interagency Agreement  with the Navy.  A similar  arrangement  with the Federal
Communications Commission  provides  for measurement of radiofrequency levels in
specific locations of interest or concern.

   Other  activities  in  1989   include:   maintenance  of an  emergency  response
capability,  coordination  of  EPA  Regional Office  review and  testing  of state
emergency  response  plans, assistance   to other  EPA   offices  and  to  state
radiological programs, and operation of ERAMS.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of $3,135,900 supported by 47.4 total'
workyears for this  program  of  which  $2,885,600  was   from  the   Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $250,300 was from   the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     In 1988  EPA  continued laboratory and technical  support  of regulation and
guidance development.   Program activities also included  the  maintenance of an
emergency response  capability, participation in  a full field  exercise  of the
Federal Radiation Emergency Response  Plan,  coordination of EPA Regional Office
review and  testing  of state emergency response plans,  assistance  to other EPA
offices and to state  radiological programs,  and  operation  of ERAMS.   Ocean
disposal support activities continued for the development of technical criteria
in  support  of the  Agency's  ocean disposal  regulation,  which will cover low
level radioactive waste.
                                7-21

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                                                             RADIATION
                                                       Radon Action Program
                                ACTUAL
                                 1988
           ENACTED
            1989
                       CURRENT
                      ESTIMATE
                        1989
         REQUEST
          1990
        INCREASE +
        DECREASE -
      1990 VS 1989
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Radon Action Program
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
$1,562.9   $2,515.8
$4,899.6   $7,499.7
                      $2,542.4   $2,614.9
                      $7,398.8  $15,398.8
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
$1,562.9   $2,515.8
$4,899.6   $7,499.7
                      $72.5
                   $8,000.0
                       TOTAL   $6,462.5  $10,015.5   $9,941.2  $18,013.7    $8,072.5
                      $2,542.4   $2,614.9       $72.5
                      $7,398.8  $15,398.8    $8,000.0
Radon Action Program   TOTAL   $6,462.5  $10,015.5   $9,941.2  $18,013.7    $8,072.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radon Action Program

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
    23.7

    23.7
               45.3

               45.3
45.3

45.3
45.3

45.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radon Action Program

TOTAL WORKYEARS
    24.5

    24.5
               45.3

               45.3
45.3

45.3
45.3

45.3
                                        7-22

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                                   RADIATION
                             Radon Action Program
Budget Request

   The Agency requests a total of $18,013,700 supported by 45.3 total workyears
for 1990, an increase of $8,072,500 and no change in total workyears from 1989.
Of the request, $2,614,900 will be  for  the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and   $15,398,800   will   be   for   the  Abatement,   Control   and   Compliance
appropriation.   This  represents  an  increase  of $72,500  in the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $8,000,000 in the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance appropriation, and no change in total workyears.
RADON ACTION PROGRAM

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests   a  total  of  $18,013,700  supported by  45.3  total
workyears for  this program, of which  $2,614,900 will be  for  the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and  $15,398,800 will be for the  Abatement,  Control and
Compliance  appropriation.    This  represents  an  increase  of  $72,500  in  the
Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation,  an  increase  of  $8,000,000  in  the
Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  appropriation,   and  no   change." in  total
workyears.  The  increases  reflect the increase  in  personnel  and support costs
and the establishment of a state grant program.

     In 1990 EPA will continue  to  conduct  a comprehensive Radon Action Program
to  address  and  reduce  the  health  impacts  of  radon   exposure.    Specific
activities  will  include  the   completion   of  the  field  operation  and  data
collection phase of the national survey of radon in residences, continuation of
the  House  Evaluation  Program  (HEP),   and the  development  of protocols  for
measuring  radon  in  schools.    EPA  will  also continue  to provide  technical
assistance  to  individual  states   in the  design and  execution of  state-wide
surveys, including  the  collection of  screening  measurements   in homes  and the
presentation of analyses of potentially high-risk radon areas to the public.

     For the first time, EPA will  issue  grants to  states to assist them in the
development and implementation of programs to assess and mitigate radon.  State
programs funded  through  these  Federal  grants  will  include activities  such as
carrying out radon surveys; establishment  of radon  assessment, mitigation, and
control programs;  development of  public  information and educational materials;
development  of  data  storage   and  management  systems;  operation  of  radon
hotlines; and the purchase of analytical equipment.

     EPA  will  continue  the  National  Radon  Measurement  Proficiency  (RMP)
Program, which  evaluates the  capability of firms  to  accurately measure  radon
levels.  The Agency  will make  information  about the  proficiency of individual
                                7-23

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firms  available  to the public  through state radiation  offices.   In addition,
EPA will  initiate the National Radon  Mitigation  Contractor Proficiency (RMCP)
Program to evaluate the capability of firms to mitigate radon.

     In  1990  additional  Regional  training  centers  will  be  selected  and
established through cooperative agreements.  In addition to training offered at
the centers,  five sessions of the Radon Diagnostician  and Mitigation Training
course will be conducted in 1990.

1989 Program

     In 1989  the  Agency is allocating a total  of $9,941,200 supported by 45.3
total workyears for this program,  of which $2,542,400 is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $7,398,800  is  from  the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     In  1989   EPA is  continuing  to  implement  a  comprehensive  Radon  Action
Program to minimize the health risks of radon through partnerships with states.
Specific activities  include continuing field work  and  data collection efforts
associated with the national  survey of radon in  residences,  providing interim
protocols needed  to carry out a national survey of radon levels in schools, and
developing standardized  protocols  for  soil gas measurements  and  for measuring
radon  levels  in workplaces.   In addition,  EPA  is incorporating new technology
into the  HEP  and  evaluating  and designing mitigation schemes  for  20 homes in
that program.   The  Agency is  also providing  direct technical  assistance to
states, including assisting eight  states  in designing and conducting intensive
state-wide surveys.

     In 1989 EPA  is continuing to conduct the national RMP Program.   The Agency
is  also developing  a mitigation  contractor proficiency  program  to evaluate
radon mitigation  firms and  provide  information  to the public on the capability
of firms working  in the radon mitigation field.

   The  Agency  Is   developing  criteria  for  the  selection of  Regional training
centers, establishing  guidelines for  their operation,  and issuing  cooperative
agreements to establish three centers in 1989.  The Agency is also updating the
Radon Diagnostician and  Mitigation Training Course and  plans  to  conduct seven
sessions of the updated three-day course in 1989.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988 the Agency obligated a total of $6,462,500 supported by 24.5 total
workyears, of which $1,562,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $4,899,600 was from the Abatement,  Control and Compliance appropriation.

     EPA continued implementation  of the Radon Action Program  in 1988 through
initiation of  a national survey of  radon  levels  in residences and  development
of protocols for  soil  gas  and radon in schools  measurements.  In addition, the
Agency  began   incorporating  new  technology  into the  HEP  and evaluated  and
designed mitigation schemes for  ten  homes  in  the  program.   The Agency provided
technical assistance to  states  and seven states  completed  surveys  with design
and analytic support from EPA.

   The National RMP Program was  continued  and another round of evaluations was
                                7-24

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completed.  Eight  sessions  of the Radon Diagnostician  and  Mitigation Training
Course were  conducted.    EPA also distributed  an interim  guide  and technical
guidance on radon reduction in new construction.
                                7-25

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                                                             RADIATION
                                                Radon Action Program Implementation

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Radon Action Program
Implementation
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
                       TOTAL
          $635.9
           $30.0
           $654.5     $622.9     $649.6
          $665.9     $654.5     $622.9
                                 $649.6
                      $26.7


                      $26.7
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
  Compliance

Radon Action Program
Implementation'
TOTAL
          $635.9
           $30.0
           $654.5     $622.9     $649.6
$665.9     $654.5     $622.9     $649.6
                      $26.7
                      $26.7
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radon Action Program
Implementation

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
            12.0
            12.0
             15.6
             15.6
15.3
15.3
16.7
16.7
1.4
1.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radon Action Program
Implementation

TOTAL WORKYEARS
            13.4
            13.4
             17.0
             17.0
16.7
16.7
16.7
16.7
                                       7-26

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                                   RADIATION
                      Radon Action Program Implementation
Budget Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of  $649,600  supported by 16.7 total workyears
for 1990, an increase  $26,700  and no change in total workyears from 1989.  All
of  the  request will  be for  the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation.   This
represents an  increase of  $26,700 for the  Salaries  and Expenses appropriation
and no change in total workyears from 1989.
RADON ACTION PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of  $649,600  supported by 16.7 total workyears
for  this  program,  all  of  which  will  be  for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
approprition.   This  represents  an  increase  of $26,700  for the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation  and  no  change  in total  workyears  from  1989.    The
increase reflects increased personnel and support costs.

     In 1990,  the  Regional  Offices will continue to  support implementation of
the  Radon  Action  Program  by  coordinating  radon activities  at'the  state  arid
local  level.   Regions  will oversee  implementation  of the Agency's  new radon
state grant program.  Additionally, six to eight states will be assisted in the
design and execution  of  state-wide radon  surveys.   Screening measurements will
be collected  in 15,000  to  20,000  homes and the Regions will  assist  in making
the results available to the public.

   The Regions will also continue participation in the House Evaluation Program
(HEP), with  an assessment  of approximately twenty homes  in ten  states.   The
Regions  will  continue  to  support  development  of  state  and  local  radon
capabilities by  overseeing  the operation of  Regional training centers  and by
arranging  five presentations  of  the Radon Diagnostic  and  Mitigation Training
Course at  selected  locations.  The  Regions will  also  assist the states in their
efforts to conduct the course independently.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the  Agency is  allocating a total of $622,900  supported by 16.7
total  workyears for  this  program,   all  of  which  is from  the   Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation.

     In  1989,  Regional  Offices  are  continuing  to  assist  and  coordinate
activities  to  support  the  implementation  of  the radon  program  by  providing
direct support to  the states  in  the development of  state  capabilities.   This
includes assistance in  developing state survey designs, review of state plans
                                 7-27

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for participation in the national assessment of indoor radon, assistance in the
development  of  state  radon  capabilities,  participation  in  the  HEP,  and
technical advice and assistance to state and local governments.

   The Regions  are  assisting in  the  selection of sites  for Regional training
centers and will oversee  these  centers  when they become- operational.   Regional
Offices are also participating  in the presentation of the Radon Diagnostic, and
Mitigation Training Course.   Support to states  is being  provided as  needed to
deal with the most critical radon problems as they are discovered.  The Regions
are  also  continuing  to  act  as   distribution  points  for  public  information
materials and are involved in radon public awareness  activities.

1988 Accomplishments

      In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $665,900 supported by 13.4 total
workyears,  of which $635,900  was from  the  Salaries  and Expenses appropriation
and $30,000 was from the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation.

      In 1988,  the Regional  Offices  supported  the Radon  Action Program  by
providing technical assistance  to states in their efforts  to  develop programs
to  address  exposure  to indoor  radon.   Regional  efforts  included developing
state survey  designs,  reviewing state plans for participation in the national
assessment  of  indoor  radon,  assisting  in  the  development   of  state  radon
capabilities,  participation in  the HEP, ' assistance  in  the  presentation of the
Radon  Diagnostic  and  Mitigation  Training Course,  and  providing  technical
assistance  to  state   and  local  governments.    The  Regions  also  conducted
outreach programs  to   the  public and local agencies as  part   of  a continuing
radon educational program.
                                7-28

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S.IIMTERDISCfPLINARY

-------
                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents

                                                                        Page

INTERDISCIPLINARY                                                       8-1

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   Intermedia Programs 	  8-4
      Scientific Assessment	8-12
      Technical Information and Liaison	8-13
      Quality Assurance Management 	  8-15
      Exploratory Research Core Program	  8-15
      Reduction of Uncertainties in Risk Assessment (RURA) 	  8-17
      Human Exposure	8-18
      Basic Ecological Research	8-19
      Capital Investments	8-19
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
   Environmental Review and Coordination 	  8-21
   Agencywide Technology Transfer Staff	8-24
   Academic Training Grants	8-27
ENFORCEMENT
   Enforcement Policy and Technical Support	8-29
      Enforcement Policy and Operations	8-32
      Criminal Investigations Program	8-36
      Technical Support - Office of Enforcement and Compliance
        Monitoring	8-38

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                                                   INTERDISCIPLINARY
                                ACTUAL
                                 1988
            ENACTED
             1989
 CURRENT
ESTIMATE
  1989
REQUEST
 1990
  INCREASE +
  DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
APPROPRIATION
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
 Research & Development
 Scientific Activities
 Overseas

TOTAL, Interdisciplinary
$32,194.3  $33,801.8  $35,001.2  $40,462.8    $5,461.6
 $7,225.7  $10,672.0  $11,043.5  $12,160.0    $1,116.5

$21,617.9  $29,493.0  $30,849.3  $65,871.6   $35,022.3
    $19.1
$61,057.0  $73,966.8  $76,894.0 $118,494.4   $41,600.4
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
    581.4      633.7      656.1      740.0        83.9
    630.2      657.6      679.9      740.0        60.1
$62.066.7  $69,494.1  $72,246.7 $113,974.5   $41,727.8
All authorization except for Research and Development is
by virtue of the Appropriation Act.  The Environmental
Research, Development and Demonstration Act expired
September 30, 1981.  Reauthorization is pending.
                                       8-1

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                                 INTERDISCIPLINARY
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY

     The Environmental  Protection Agency's (EPA)  Interdisciplinary Program is
composed of  several  activities that cut across programmatic  lines  and are not
readily assignable to  a specific media.   These programs  address environmental
concerns that  affect several media and  require an interdisciplinary approach.
The  Interdisciplinary  Program  includes  the  Intermedia Research Program,  the
Federal Agencies  Compliance Program and the  National  Environmental Policy Act
(NEPA)  Compliance Program,  and the  legal support  programs  for the  Agency's
enforcement efforts.

Intermedia Research

     The  Intermedia  Research  Program  consists   of  eight  major  activities:
scientific  assessments,  technical  information  and  liaison.,  quality assurance
management,  exploratory research,  reducing  uncertainties in  risk  assessment,
human  exposure assessment, basic  ecological  research, and  capital equipment.
The  Scientific Assessment  Program has  responsibility for developing uniform
risk assessment guidelines for Agency-wide application, assuring consistency of
approach to  guidelines,  and coordinating with other agencies  through  the Risk
Assessment Forum.  The Technical Information and  Liaison Program provides for
production  and  transfer  of  technical and  scientific   information  products
developed by the  Office of Research and Development (ORD) with an emphasis on
communicating  cost-effective  methods  for complying with EPA's regulations. The
Quality  Assurance   Management  Program   provides   centralized  guidance  and
management for the Agency's quality assurance activities and performs audits to
assess  the  effectiveness  of  the  Agency's  Quality Assurance  efforts.    The
Exploratory  Research   Program  provides  long  range  exploratory  research,
conducted primarily  through grants  and academic research  centers.   It includes
the   Visiting   Scientist   Program.     The  integrated   program   to  Reduce
Uncertainties in Risk Assessment includes projects to develop dose-response and
exposure models  for  estimating the adverse effects  of environmental pollution
on humans and  ecosystems.   The Human  Exposure Assessment  Program will evaluate
the  effects  on humans of  exposure  to pollutants  from  all sources.   The Basic
Ecological  Research  Program  will  define  appropriate  endpoints  to  assess
ecological health and  collect statistics and  other  relevant  data to  define
ecological quality trends  and  report  on them  periodically.  Finally, a Capital
Equipment  Program will  ensure that  the  Agency acquires  the high  caliber of
scientific instrumentation necessary to produce  first-rate research and attract
and retain the highest quality researchers.

Abatement.  Control, and Compliance

     The Environmental  Review and Coordination Program accomplishes statutory
objectives under the authority of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA);
Section  309  of  the  Clean Air  Act;  and  Executive   Order  12088  -  Federal
Compliance  with   Pollution   Control   Standards;   and   includes  four  program
activities as  well as  support for regional interdisciplinary projects and EPA
technology  transfer  activities.    The NEPA  Compliance program  assures  EPA's
actions comply with the intent of NEPA.  This includes reviews that are the
functional  equivalent   for those  Agency  programs   that  are  not  specifically
                                8-2

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covered by  NEPA.   The Federal  Facilities  Compliance Program  oversees  Federal
compliance  with   all  Federal   statutory  environmental  requirements,   and
specifically  with  Executive  Order 12088.   The  Environmental Review  Program
ensures that Federal agencies carry out  their  activities  in an environmentally
sound manner pursuant to the  National  Environmental  Policy  Act and Section 309
of the Clean Air Act.

   The  Indians program  develops  and  implements policies for  dealing  with
environmental  problems  on  Indian  lands.   Regional  interdisciplinary projects
enable  rapid  response  to  unique intermedia  environmental problems.    EPA's
technology  transfer  activities   are  intended  to  improve   efficiency  and
performance   in  environmental  programs   through   technology   transfer  and
information exchange.

Enforcement

     The Enforcement  Policy and Technical Support Program  provides consistent
direction to  EPA enforcement  for all non-Superfund  media  to assure  the most
effective possible  stewardship of EPA's  enforcement responsibilities  as they
contribute  to the protection of  environmental  quality.    To  accomplish this
goal,   this   program   establishes  compliance   monitoring   and  enforcement
priorities,  policies, and procedural guidelines so that  enforcement actions are
properly selected and prepared and establishes measures to  ensure policies and
procedures  are correctly  implemented by  the media  enforcement programs  and
Regional offices.    It  conducts  all  legal case  development,  litigation,  and
adjudicatory  hearing  activities   for  media  enforcement  programs,  including
oversight of  evidence  gathering, preparation and  management  of cases,  and
referral of cases to the Department of Justice for litigation.

     In addition,  this  program contains  the Agency's criminal  investigations
effort  which   entails  investigation,   preparation,  and  referral  of  cases
involving criminal  violations of environmental  statutes.   Investigators  and
attorneys provide   support to  the  Department  of  Justice during  subsequent
investigations and litigation of these cases.

     The National Enforcement Investigations Center  (NEIC) provides specialized
technical expertise in support of EPA  enforcement case  preparation activities.
NEIC serves as a  point  of coordination and support  for complex investigations
which have a national impact on environmental enforcement.
                                8-3

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Research and
Development

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents
INTERDISCIPLINARY                                                       8-1

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   Intermedia Programs 	  8-4
      Scientific Assessment	8-12
      Technical Information and Liaison	8-13
      Quality Assurance Management 	  8-15
      Exploratory Research Core Program	8-15
      Reduction of Uncertainties in Risk Assessment (RURA) 	  8-17
      Human Exposure	8-18
      Basic Ecological Research	8-19
      Capital Investments	8-19

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                                                   INTERDISCIPLINARY
                                                  Intermedia Programs
ACTUAL
1988

ENACTED
1989

CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                       TOTAL
Technical Information &
Liaison
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                       TOTAL
Quality Assurance
Management
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                       TOTAL
Exploratory Research
Core Program
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                       TOTAL

Reduction of Uncertainties
in Risk Assessments
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                       TOTAL

Human Exposure
Assessment
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                      TOTAL
$1,494.
$1,014.
$2,508.
$3,143.
$1,197.
$4,340.
$815.
$890.
$1,706.
$994.
$15,516.
$16,511.

$2,998.
$2,998.



1
8
9
4
0
4
8
8
6
8
4
2

9
9



$1

$2
$4
$1
$6


$1

$15
$16

$10
$10



,529
$898
,428
,367
,980
,348
$849
$855
,704
$783
,759
,542
$279
,000
,279



.8
.3
.1
.7
.3
.0
.5
.4
.9
.5
.0
.5
.7
.0
.7



$2
$1
$4
$4
$2
$6


$1

$15
$16

$10
$10



,264
,880
,145
,361
,354
,715
$849
$855
,704
$783
,759
,542
$280
,000
,280



.6
.7
.3
.3
.2
.5
.5
.4
.9
.5
.0
.5
.'3
.0
.3



$2
$1
$4
$5
$3
$8


$1
$1
$25
$26

$10
$10

$3
$4
,385
,844
,229
,480
,079
,559
$901
$833
,735
,153
,639
,793
$278
,000
,278
$858
,259
,118
.1
.8
.9
.1
.4
.5
.9
.9
.8
.5
.5
.0
.2
.0
.2
.6
.8
.4
$120.5
-$35.9
$84.6
$1,118.8
$725.2
$1,844.0
$52.4
-$21.5
$30.9
$370.0
$9,880.5
$10,250.5
-$2.1

-$2.1
$858.6
$3,259.8
$4,118.4
                                       8-4

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                                                   INTERDISCIPLINARY
                                                  Intermedia Programs

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Basic Ecological
Research
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                       TOTAL
Capital Investments
 Research & Development
                       TOTAL
                                    $796.4
                                 $17,214.2
                                 $18,010.6
                                  $4,000.0
                                  $4,000.0
                                 $796.4
                              $17,214.2
                              $18,010.6
                               $4,000.0
                               $4,000.0
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
 $6,448.1   $7,810.2   $8,539.2  $11,853.8    $3,314.6
$21,617.9  $29,493.0  $30,849.3  $65,871.6   $35,022.3
Intermedia Programs    TOTAL  $28,066.0  $37,303.2  $39,388.5  $77,725.4   $38,336.9
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment

Technical Information &
Liaison

Quality Assurance Management

Exploratory Research
Core Program

Reduction of Uncertainties
in Risk Assessments
25.2
40.6
11.4
16.6
25.1
63.9
14.5
13.0
38.5
63.5
14.5
13.0
39.1
72.0
14.5
15.0
.6
8.5

2.0
                 4.0
             4.0
             4.0
Human Exposure Assessment

Basic Ecological
Research
                                      13.0

                                      12.0
                                   13.0

                                   12.0
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
     93.8
120.5
133.5
169.6
36.1
                                       8-5

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                                                   INTERDISCIPLINARY
                                                  Intermedia Programs

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
TOTAL WORKYEARS
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment

Technical Information &
Liaison

Quality Assurance Management

Exploratory Research
Core Program

Reduction of Uncertainties
in Risk Assessments

Human Exposure Assessment

Basic Ecological
Research

TOTAL WORKYEARS
27.1
43.9
11.4
16.9
25.1
63.9
14.5
13.0
38.5
63.5
14.5
13.0
39.1
72.0
14.5
15.0
.6
8.5

2.0
            4.0
             4.0
99.3
120.5
133.5
  4.0


 13.0

 12.0


169.6
13.0

12.0


36.1
                                       8-6

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                                 INTERDISCIPLINARY
                                Intermedia Programs
                           Principal Outputs bv Objective
Objective 1:  Uniform Risk Assessment

1990:   o    Final  guidelines  for  exposure  measurements,  neurotoxicity,  and
             non-cancer health effects. (Scientific Assessment)
        o    Final  amendments  for  guidelines  on  cancer  and  developmental
             toxicity. (Scientific Assessment)
        o    Risk Assessment  Forum  analyses  of specific risk assessment issues
             (Scientific Assessment)
        o    Development of a mainframe version of the IRIS system (Scientific
             Assessment)

1989:   o    Final guidelines  for assessment of  risks to the male  and female
             reproductive system. (Scientific Assessment)
        o    Propose  guidelines for neurotoxicity,  making and  using exposure
             measurements,  and  for assessing  certain  risks  from  non-cancer
            ' health effects. (Scientific Assessment)
        o    Propose   amendments   to   current   guidelines   for  cancer   and
             developmental toxicity. (Scientific Assessment)
        o    Develop  guidelines  for  ecological  risk  assessment.  (Scientific
             Assessment)
        o    Issue final  reports from  1988  Risk  Assessment  Forum (Scientific
             Assessment)
        o    Addition  of   inhalation   reference   doses  to  the  IRIS  system
             (Scientific Assessment)

1988:   o    Proposed  guidelines  for  assessing male  reproductive  risk and for
             assessing female reproductive risk (Scientific Assessment)
        o    The Risk Assessment Forum documents, including:
             - Special Report on Ingested Inorganic Arsenic
             - Skin Cancer, Nutritional Essentiality - Final and Thyroid
               Follicular Cell Carcinogenesis
             - Mechanistic and  Science  Policy Considerations  - External Review
               Draft.  (Scientific Assessment)


Objective 2:  Technical Information and Regulatory Support

1990:   o    Analysis   to  ensure   scientific   integrity   in  the   Agency's
             regulatory development process (Technical Information)

1989:   o    Analysis to ensure scientific integrity in the Agency's regulatory
             development process (Technical Information)
                               8-7

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1988:
 Analysis  to  ensure  scientific  integrity  in  the Agency's  regulatory
• development  process (Technical Information)
Objective 3:  Technology Transfer
1990:
1989:
1988:
        o

        o
 Seminar  series  on  the  statistical  procedures  used  to detect
 groundwater  contamination   at  hazardous   waste   facilities.
 (Technical  Information)
 Workshops on  the  use  of  the  expert  system for  evaluating and
 improving POTW performance.  (Technical  Information)
 Handbook on air  toxics risk assessment  and control alternatives.
 (Technical  Information)

 Seminar series on  innovative technologies for municipal wastewater
 treatment facilities.  (Technical  Information)
 Handbook on sampling and  analysis methods for toxic  emissions  from
 incinerators.  (Technical  Information)
 Seminar series and publication on how to conduct sanitary surveys
 of   small   drinking  water   treatment   facilities.    (Technical
 Information)

 Seminar  series   on  leak  detection   and   prevention   methods,
 corrective   action  techniques,   and  inspection and   maintenance
 procedures  for underground  storage  tanks. (Technical Information)
 Expert system for improving the  performance of POTWs.  (Technical
 Information)
 Workshops and handbook on drinking  water contamination.  (Technical
 information)
Objective 4:  Quality Assurance Management Program
1989:
        o
        o
        o
        o

        o
        o
        9
        o
1988:
        o
        o
 Revised guidance  on  data quality objectives  (QA Management)
 Four  management systems reviews (QA Management)
 Guidance on audits of  data quality (QA Management)
 Program  of   alternative   procedures   for   measurement  methods
 validation  and laboratory quality control  (QA Management)
 Review of 25 QA program plans  (QA Management)
 Development of four  QA training courses  (QA  Management)

 Support of  the implementation  of data quality objectives by Agency
 organizations  (QA Management)
 Three management  systems reviews (QA Management)
 Pilot demonstration of  a Program  of alternative  procedures  for
 measurement methods  validation and laboratory quality control  (QA
 Management)
 Review of  30  QA  program plans submitted  by Agency organizations
 (QA Management)
 Development of three QA training courses (QA Management)

 Computerized   data   quality   objectives   implementation   tools
 developed (QA  Management)
 Guidance on performing management systems  review  (QA Management)
 Alternative procedures  for  measurement  methods  validation  and
                               8-8

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             laboratory quality control developed.  (QA Management)
             35 QA program plans reviewed (QA Management)
             Two QA courses developed (QA Management)
 Objective 5:  Exploratory Grants and Centers Program

1990:  o     Solicitation  of  1990   research   grants   proposals   (Exploratory
             Research)
       o     Annual  reports  on  Grants  and   Centers   Programs   (Exploratory
             Research)
       o     Bibliography  of research  grant  articles  published  (Exploratory
             Research)
1989:
1988:
       o
       o
Solicitation  of  1989   research   grants  proposals  (Exploratory
Research)
Annual  reports  on   Grants   and   Centers  Programs  (Exploratory
Research)
Bibliography  of research  grant  published articles  (Exploratory
Research)

Awarded four new research grants (Exploratory Research)
Publication  of  99   technical  articles   in   referred  journals
(Exploratory Research)
Objective 6:  Distinguished Visiting Scientists Program

1990:  o     Solicitation and  selection of  scientists  and engineers  for  1990
             Distinguished Visiting Scientists Program (Exploratory Research)

1989:  o     Solicitation and  selection of  scientists  and engineers  for  1989
             Distinguished Visiting Scientists Program (Exploratory Research)

1988:  o     Selection   of  five   new  scientists   or   engineers   for   the
             Distinguished Visiting Scientists Program (Exploratory Research)
Objective 8:  Reduction of Uncertainties In Risk Assessments (RURA)
1990:
1989:
                                           for   route  to
                                                                          route
Report   on   pharmacokinetic   methods
extrapolation (Scientific Assessments)
Correlation of learning  and memory  tasks  in humans and laboratory
animals (Health Effects)
Interspecies  relation  between  sperm  production  and  fertility
(Scientific Assessments and Health Effects)
Ecosystem  function,   change   and  vulnerability,   endpoints  and
hazards associated  with system stress determined.  (Processes and
Effects)

Integrated approach to evaluate/characterize the uncertainties in
risk assessment (Scientific Assessment)
Integrated exposure models  which include  human  activity analysis
to improve health risk assessments (Scientific Assessment)
                               8-9

-------
        o    Expanded project  plan  for  reduction of  uncertainties  in  health
             risk assessment (Scientific Assessment and Health Effects)
        o    Integrated  research   program  for   improving   ecological   risk
             assessment (Processes and Effects)
1988:   o    Processes identified  to improve health risk  assessments, (health
             effects)
        o    Report for the Congress on  the  planned  research program to reduce
             uncertainties in risk assessment.  (Scientific Assessment)
Objective 9:  Human Exposure

1990:  o     Final  report  on  TEAM  Study  of  particles  and  metals.  (Human
             Exposure)
       o     Completion of continuous personal monitor for NC>2 (Human Exposure)


Objective 10:  Basic Ecological Research

1990:  o     Classification and characterization of  near-coastal  systems  and
             selection  of  prototype   region  for   study.   (Basic  Ecological
             Research)
       o     Catalog  of indicators  of ecosystem  condition  (Basic Ecological
             Research)
       o     Existing  monitoring   data   quality  assessed  (Basic  Ecological
             Research).
       o     Plan  for  rural  air  quality  network  to measure  air  pollutant
             exposures on ecosystems. (Basic Ecological Research)
                               8-10

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                                 INTERDISCIPLINARY
                                Intermedia Programs
Budget Request

     The  Agency requests  a  total of  $77,725,400  supported  by 169.6  total
workyears for  1990,  an increase  of  $38,336,900 and an increase  of  36.1 total
workyears from  1989.  Of the request,  $11,853,800 will be  for the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $65,871,600  will   be  for  the  Research  and
Development  appropriation,   an  increase  of  $3,314,600  in  the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation and  an  increase  of  $35,022,300  in  the  Research  and
Development appropriation.

Program Objectives

     The  Intermedia  budget  subactivity  consists of those ORD programs which
cross all media.   These are  Uniform Risk Assessment, Technical Information and
Liaison,  Quality  Assurance  Management,   Exploratory Research,  Reduction  of
Uncertainties  in Risk Assessment, Exploratory  Research, Human Exposure, Basic
Ecological Research,  and Capital Investments.

     Objective 1:  Uniform Risk Assessment.  This activity provides Agency-wide
guidance  to perform  exposure  and risk  assessments.   These guidelines  are
intended to ensure uniform assessments that rely on sound scientific principles
and information.

     Objective 2:  Technical  Information  and  Regulatory  Support.   This program
manages the development of  ORD's scientific and technical  information products
to  ensure  they are efficiently  planned,  controlled, distributed and produced
with a  high quality.   This data  is  coordinated with proposed regulations  in
order to  ensure that  all regulatory decisions  are  based  on  the most current
technical information.

     Objective  3:	Technology  Transfer.     These  activities   support  the
Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation  Act  (P.L.  96-480) as amended  by  the
Technology Transfer Act of  1986  (P.L.  99-502).  The  program provides States and
localities  with  the   technology  and  scientific  data needed to  meet  their
regulatory  responsibilities.     The  program  provides   on-site  advice  and
assistance to Regions;  and  develops processes to expedite  commercialization of
industry and government research.

     Objective  4:     Quality  Assurance   Management   Program.     This  activity
provides policy  direction,  management guidance and  oversight for the Agency's
mandatory quality assurance program for environmental data operations.

     Objective 5:  Exploratory Grants  and Centers  Program.   The grants program
funds individual  investigator-initiated  research  in areas  of concern  to  the
Agency  through an open,  competitive, peer-reviewed evaluation process.   The
long-term  exploratory  research  centers  will  focus  on  multi-disciplinary
research  in the  eight topic  areas  of  Hazardous  Waste  Research,  Ecosystems
Research, Industrial Waste Elimination Research, Intermedia Transport Research,


                               8-11

-------
Marine  Sciences  Research,  Environmental  Epidemiology, Advanced Environmental
Control Technology Research, and Groundwater Research.

     Objective 6:   Distinguished Visiting  Scientists Program.   This activity
develops and  implements  programs  to strengthen and enhance  the quality of the
Agency's research programs  by  supporting  the  efforts  of outside researchers at
EPA  facilities.   The major activity is the  Visiting Scientists and Engineers
program,  which  enables  accomplished  scientists  to  conduct  research  at  ORD
laboratories.

     Objective 7:   Small  Business  Innovative Research  (SBIR)  Program.   This
program  supports implementation of  the Small Business  Innovation Development
Act  (P.L.  97-219), which  requires  the Agency  to award  1.25 percent  of  its
extramural research budget  to  small  business  concerns which conduct innovative
research.

     Objective  8:    Reduction  of Uncertainties   In  Risk Assessments   (RURA).
This  program supports   an  integrated  effort   to   reduce  uncertainties  in
ecological and health risk  assessments.

     Objective  9:    Human   Exposure.    This   activity provides the  methods,
monitoring  approaches  and  models  to  determine  and  predict the  exposures  of
human populations to environmental pollutants with known precision.

     Objective 10:  Basic Ecological Research.   Under this activity, EPA would
lead a coordinated Federal  effort to monitor  and gather environmental data and
to report periodically  on the status,   changes,  trends  and relationships among
pollutant exposures  and  indicators  of ecological conditions  in the nation's
ecosystems.    In addition, the Agency will carry out basic ecological research.

       Objective  11:	Capital  Investments.    This  activity  provides  ORD
laboratories  and research programs  the scientific support necessary to conduct
investigations and  analyses in a safe and timely manner with  the  most up to
date instrumentation and components available.  This enables ORD to recruit and
retain the highest quality  scientists and engineers.


SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $4,229,900   supported   by  39.1  .total
workyears for this  program, of which  $2,385,100 will be  for  the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and  $1,844,800  will be for the Research and Development
appropriation.   This  represents  an  increase of $120,500  and a  decrease  of
$35,900 respectively, and an increase  of 0.6  in  total workyears. The increase
in the  Salaries and  Expenses appropriation  reflects increased personnel  and
support costs.   The decrease  reflects completion of several  risk assessment
guidelines.     The  program  will  provide guidance on risk  assessment  through
development of guidelines and  support  documents,  as well  as provide support to
the Risk Assessment  Forum  and the  Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS).
The program will also  conduct risk  assessments  research  on biostatistics  and
pharmacokinetics. The Agency will promote interagency consensus  on the use of
risk  assessment  guidelines  through  the Risk   Assessment  Forum.    Chemical
                               8-12

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summaries will be  added to a mainframe version of  IRIS bringing  the  number of
chemical summaries available to 600.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,145,300 supported by 38.5
total workyears for this program, of which $2,264,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $1,880,700 is  from the  Research and  Development
appropriation.   Improvement of risk  assessments  is the primary  focus  of this
program.  During 1989  final  guidelines  for  the  assessment  of risks to the male
and female  reproductive systems will be  produced.   Additional  guidelines  for
neurotoxicity,  making  and  using  exposure  measurements   and  for  assessing
certain  risks  from non-cancer  health  effects will  be  proposed.   Work  on
ecological risk  assessment guidelines will  be conducted.   The Risk Assessment
Forum will  promote consensus on risk assessment issues,  and will  ensure that
consensus is incorporated into risk assessment guidance.   Several Forum reports
on  risk assessment  issues (e.g.  thyroid neoplasia) will  be  issued as  final
documents.   Inhalation  reference doses  will be  added to  IRIS.   This will bring
the total number  of chemicals  available in the  system to  450.   The  second
annual report on the Reduction  of  Uncertainties  in  Risk Assessment prepared by
the Office   of  Health  and Environmental Assessment  will   be  distributed.    A
program  is  scheduled  to  begin  on the evaluation  of exposure  uncertainties.
Planning for a validation project comparing predictive exposure assessment with
direct measurement and reconstructive exposure assessment is also underway.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency  obligated  a  total of  $2,508,900 supported by 27.1
total  workyears,  of  which  $1,494,100  was  from  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation   and  $1,014,800   was   from  the   Research  and   Development
appropriation.    In the   area  of  risk  assessment guidelines,  two  proposed
guidelines  were  published  in  the  Federal  Register  for  public  review  and
comment,  the proposed  Guidelines for Assessing Male Reproductive Risk  and the
proposed  Guidelines   for  Assessing   Female  Reproductive   Risk.     The  Risk
Assessment Forum completed the following documents:   Special Report on Ingested
Inorganic  Arsenic;  Skin   Cancer,  Nutritional  Essentiality-Final   and  Thyroid
Follicular Cell Carcinogenesis:  Mechanistic and Science Policy Considerations-
External Review Draft.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND LIAISON

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total   of  $8,559,500  supported  by  72.0  total
workyears,  of  which  $5,480,100  will  be   for   the   Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation  and  $3,079,400  will  be   for  the  Research  and  Development
appropriation.    This  represents  an  increase  of  $1,118,800  and  $725,200
respectively,  and  an  increase  of  8.5   total   workyears.     This  increase
represents an expansion of the technology transfer and regional liaison efforts
to  enhance  scientific  and  technical  knowledge   on environmental  protection
within the public  and private sectors as mandated by  the Stevenson Wydler Act
and the Technology Transfer Act of 1986.
                                8-13

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     Technical  Information and Regulatory  Support.    In  1990, the  Center for
Environmental Research  Information (CERI) will  track,  process,  and distribute
all ORD reports,  develop  special  reports  as needed and produce all ORD project
summaries  and review them for policy  implications.   Activities  will include
processing  reports  and journal articles  to  the  National  Technical Information
Service (NTIS), reviewing  and controlling the quality of project summaries, and
printing and distributing  ORD information products.  In 1990, CERI estimates it
will  receive   1,500  reports   for  processing  to  NTIS.   Regulatory  support
activities  will  coordinate   the  available  scientific   data  with  proposed
regulations.  This  will ensure that all  regulatory  decisions are based on the
most current  technical  information.   Responsibilities include participation in
Agency  regulatory  work   groups,  review  of  option/selection  packages,  and
analysis of regulatory requirements.

     Technology  Transfer.   ORD  disseminates technical  data  in  response  to
requests from the EPA program  offices,  the EPA regional  offices, States, and
private  industry.  These activities will  be carried out  in support  of the
Stevenson-Wydler  Technology  Innovation  Act and  the  Technology Transfer Act of
1986.   Activities will  include the design,  production,  quality  control, and
distribution of materials  such  as design  manuals,  users'  guides,  handbooks and
workshops  and a new project to target  technology  transfers to state and  local
environmental  managers.    Support  for  the  National  Environmental  Technology
Applications Corporation  will be  increased.   Commercialization of Research and
Development  outputs  will  be  implemented  in  accordance  with  the  Federal
Technology Transfer Act of 1986.

     Regional Scientists  Liaison.   This  program  will  be expanded  in 1990 to
permit  full implementation of  the Regional  Scientists  Program to  all  10 EPA
Regional  Offices.  The  program  will provide  an  ORD scientist  as a liaison
officer on station in each Regional Office to facilitate regional access to ORD
products and services.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,715,500 supported by  63.5
total workyears for this program, of which $4,361,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $2,354,200  is  from the Research  and Development
appropriation.    CERI  activities  in  1989  include  tracking,  processing and
distributing  all  ORD  reports,   developing  special  reports  as  needed;  and
producing  ORD summaries.  Technology transfer activities support  NETAC and the
production  of  technology transfer  tools  for  the  Program  Offices  and the
Regions.     Regulatory   support  activities  will   ensure   technically   sound
development of  Agency  regulations.  The  Regional  Scientists  Program  has  been
expanded to 7 regions.


1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the Agency obligated a  total of $4,340,400 supported  by  43.9
total workyears for this program,  of which $3,143,400 was  from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation  and $1,197,000  was  from the Research  and Development
appropriation. Major accomplishments in 1988  included processing  of over  1,300
documents  to NTIS.  Approximately  400  project  summaries   were  produced and
distributed and over 30,000 requests for publications were answered.  A program


                               8-14

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was  Initiated  to  commercialize  the   research  and  development  products  of
government and industry.


QUALITY ASSURANCE MANAGEMENT

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of $1,735,800  supported  by  14.5  total
workyears  for this program,  of which  $901,900  will be  for the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation  and $833,900 will be  for the Research  and Development
appropriation.    This  represents  an increase  of  $52,400  and  a decrease  of
$21,500 respectively,  and no change in total workyears.   The  increase in the
Salaries and  Expenses appropriation reflects increased personnel  and support
costs.   The  decrease  in the Research  and Development appropriation reflects
completion  of  major  efforts  related  to  quality  assurance  program  plans
production and review.

     In   1990,    Program Offices, Regional  offices and ORD  laboratories will
implement  quality assurance  procedures  consistent with  Agency policy to ensure
that data generated by EPA are adequate to support the Agency's decision-making
process.  This program includes ongoing review of QA Program plans, support for
development  of  data  quality  objectives;  continuation  of Management  Systems
Reviews;   and  implementation   of  alternative   laboratory   quality  control
procedures and data quality audits.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is  allocating  a total  of $1,704,900 supported by 14.5
total workyears  for this program, of  which .$849,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $855,400   is  from  the Research and  Development
appropriation. Quality  assurance  activities  in  1989 involve  the implementation
and evaluation of programs to ensure the integrity of Agency data.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988, the  Agency obligated a  total of  $1,706,600   supported  by 11.4
total workyears  for this program, of which $815,800 was  from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $890,800  was  from  the  Research and  Development
appropriation. Accomplishments in 1988  included the review of Quality Assurance
Program plans, development of  guidance  on  data  quality  objectives,  performance
of  management  systems  reviews,   development of   alternative  procedures  for
measurement  methods validation  and laboratory  quality  control, and  quality
assurance training.


EXPLORATORY RESEARCH CORE PROGRAM

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests a total  of  $26,793,000 supported by  15.0  total
workyears for this program.  Of this total,  $1,153,500 will be for the Salaries
and  Expenses  appropriation  and   $25,639,500  will  be  for   the  Research  and
Development  appropriation.    This represents  increases  of  $370,000  in  the


                               8-15

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Salaries   and   Expenses  appropriation,   $9,880,500  in   the  Research   and
Development appropriation and  2  total workyears.  The increase  in  the Salaries
and  Expenses  appropriation  is  the  result  of  the additional workyears  and
increased  personnel  and  support costs.   The  increase for  the Research  and
Development appropriation  is  to  provide greater  support to  basic  long  term
research through the research grants program.

     Exploratory Research Grants  and Centers ProEram.   The Agency  requests  a
total of  $18,200,000 for the  Research and Development appropriation  for  the
Exploratory Research  Grants  program.  This  program will  award 125  new grants
and  continue  support for  55  existing grants.    Applications  from  individual
researchers will be received, peer reviewed and analyzed for relevance to EPA's
mission and priorities.   The  program will  emphasize continued improvement in
quality of research, coordination with the Agency's research planning process,
dissemination of  results from completed grants,  and  coordination  with other
Federal agencies.    Seminars  and  workshops   featuring  the  completed work of
grantees will continue in Agency laboratories  and at other locations around the
country.

     The Agency requests a total of $4,444,500 for the  Research and Development
appropriation ($556,000 per  center)  for the Centers program  to support studies
of high priority to the Agency  such as groundwater and hazardous waste control
technologies.   Management attention in the eight operating  centers  will focus
on new trends and discoveries  coming from ongoing research studies.   The eight
university centers and their research themes  are as follows:

     o  Louisiana State University - 'Hazardous Waste Research;
     o  Cornell University -  Ecosystems Research;
     o  Illinois  Institute  of  Technology   -   Industrial  Waste   Elimination
        Research;
     o  University of California (Los Angeles) - Intermedia Transport Research;
     o  University of Rhode  Island - Marine Sciences Research;
     o  University of Pittsburgh -  Environmental Epidemiology;
     o  University  of  Illinois  (Urbana)   -   Advanced  Environmental  Control
        Technology Research;
     o  Rice University,  University  of Oklahoma,  Oklahoma  State  University-
        Groundwater Research.

     An annual report will summarize  the activities and  accomplishments of the
centers.  Symposia,  workshops and publications in referred journals ensure that
information  learned  from  center  studies  is  shared  with  the  environmental
research community.

     Distinguished  Visiting  Scientists  Program.    This  program  will  enable
distinguished scientists and engineers to work  in ORD  laboratories  on projects
of special  importance to  the  Agency.  Eminent scientists  and engineers  will
collaborate with  their  counterparts  in ORD laboratories on relevant  areas of
environmental research.

     Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR)  Prosram.  The Agency requests  a
total of  $2,500,000  (1.25  percent  of the  extramural research  budget)  for  the
SBIR  program  to  provide 36  awards  in 1990 to  small  businesses  conducting
innovative research.
                               8-16

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1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $16,542,500 supported by 13.0
total workyears for this program, of which $783,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $15,759,000  is from  the Research  and Development
appropriation.  Of  this $15,759,000,   $8,200,000  is  allocated for Exploratory
Research Grants,  $4,576,000  is  for the eight research  centers,  and $2,500,000
is for the SBIR program.  In 1989, the Exploratory Research Grants program will
review  300  grant proposals,  award 60 new grants  and continue  support  for 29
grants.  The  program will  also  manage the academic research centers to support
the  Agency's  long-term  research needs.    The Visiting Scientists  Program is
enabling  outside   scientists  and  engineers  to   conduct   research  in  ORD
laboratories. The SBIR Program will make 36 awards to small businesses.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency  obligated a total  of $16,511,200  supported by 16.9
total workyears for  this program, of which $994,800  was  from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $15,516,400 was  from the Research and Development
appropriation.  In 1988,  the Exploratory Research Program reviewed  363 grant
proposals,  awarded  4  new grants  and continued  support  for  50 grants.   The
Visiting Scientists Program  approved  the  appointment of 13 new visitors to ORD
laboratories  to  strengthen   EPA's scientific  basis  for regulatory  decision
making.  The SBIR program will award 37 contracts to small businesses.


REDUCTION OF UNCERTAINTIES IN RISK ASSESSMENT

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of  $10,278,200  for  this program supported by
4.0  total  work years.   Of this  total,  $278,200  is  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and $10,000,000 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation.  This  represents  a decrease  of  $2,100  in   the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation  and  no  change  in  the  Research  and  Development
appropriation request.  The program includes expansion of the human health risk
efforts initiated in 1988 and initiation of an integrated program for reduction
of uncertainties in ecological risk assessment.

     Human  Health  Risk  Assessment.    In  1990,  a  report   will  be  prepared
describing   procedures  used   to  assess  uncertainty  in   individual  risk
assessments.   This  report will address  uncertainties  in the  assumptions  and
data used to  develop  risk assessments and will  provide decision makers with a
standard  method  to  qualitatively and  quantitatively  assess  uncertainty  in
specific cases.   Research will focus on  integrating exposure assessments with
particular  emphasis  on the  analysis of human  activity patterns,  improving
exposure  measurement   data,   and  standardizing   Agency  use   of  exposure
information.   Further  research will be  conducted to  develop physiologically
based  pharmacokinetics models  focusing  on route  to route  extrapolations  and
theoretical  and  computational  models   for  making  intra-   and  inter-species
extrapolations.   Research to improve dose-response  models will concentrate on
pulmonary, neurological and reproductive/developmental effects.
                               8-17

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     Ecological Risk Assessment.  The emphasis will be placed on three areas of
uncertainty.  First, the program will address the uncertainty of how ecosystems
function.   Research will  be directed  towards  measuring the current  state of
ecosystems, determining the nature, rate and direction of change and estimating
the system vulnerability. Second, the program will conduct research to identify
and  measure  ecological  endpoints  and  interpret  evaluations  of  functional
change.  Third,  research will  be performed  to  assess hazards  associated with
ecosystem stress.

1989 Program

     The  Agency  is  allocating  a  total of  $10,280,300  for  this  activity
supported by  4.0 work years.  Of  the  total, $280,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $10,000,000  from   the   Research and  Development
appropriation to  develop  a comprehensive program for  reducing uncertainties in
risk  assessment.    This  research  program  addresses  the  major  scientific
uncertainties which impact  the  development  of  accurate Health  and Ecological
Risk Assessments.    The  four  major  activities   of  the Health  Risk Assessment
program  are:    1)  analysis  of  uncertainty  in  selected risk  assessments;  2)
develop  integrated  exposure models  based on the relationship  between ambient
and biological  measurements,  including human activity  analysis;  3)   develop
physiologically  based  pharmacokinetics  models  to more  accurately  predict the
delivered  dose  of  a  toxicant  to  the  site   of  action;   and  4)    develop
biologically  based  dose-response  models focused on  our understanding  of the
mechanism  through  which  toxicants  exert  their  effect.    Ecological  Risk
Assessment  activities  will  be conducted  to implement  an integrated plan to
reduce  the  gaps in the  data  base  and improve  the  reliability of  models
required to assess the uncertainty of how ecosystems function.

1988 Accomplishments

       In   1988   the  Agency  obligated  $2,998,900   from   the   Research  and
Development appropriation  for  this program.    An integrated research program
was initiated to improve  the health  risk  assessment process.   A report to
Congress was  prepared to  inform  the  Congress  of the  planned research in this
program area.


HUMAN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT

1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a  total of  $4,118,400  supported by 13.0  total work
years.   Of  this  total, $858,600  is for the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation
and $3,259,800 is for the Research and Development appropriation.  This request
reflects a shift  of  resources  within  the base research program from the Air to
the Interdisciplinary  media  to  conduct a  complete  program  of research and
evaluation  of human  exposure  to  environmental  pollutants  from all  sources.
This activity will include a major survey to determine the activity patterns of
the population  including lifestyles  and  use   of  consumer  products.    Also
included are  several studies on  microenvironments (home,  work,  transportation)
of human exposure.  Methods for screening exposures  near major point sources of
pollution (industrial  sites,  hazardous waste sites)  will  be instituted.   The
existing Total Exposure Assessment Methodology  (TEAM)  program will  continue to

                                8-18

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provide human exposures estimates based on direct measurements.   Data from each
component of the program will be  used  to  develop models  of human exposure that
can be used for extrapolation to entire populations at risk.

1989 Program

     In   1989,   there   are   no  Human   Exposure  resources  within   the
Interdisciplinary media.  All resources related to this activity are in the Air
media.

1988 Accomplishments

     In   1988,   there   were   no  Human   Exposure  resources  within   the
Interdisciplinary media.  All resources related to this activity are in the Air
media.
BASIC ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH

1990 Program Request

       The  Agency requests  a total  of  $18,010,600  supported  by 12.0  total
workyears  for  this program.  Of  this total, $796,400  is  for the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation and  $17,214,200  is  for the  Research and Development
appropriation.   This request reflects both a shift  of resources  within the base
research  program to  support a  program  in ecological monitoring and  trends
research and a request  for  additional resources  to  begin  a national ecological
research   and  environmental  statistics  initiative.     This   activity  will
facilitate  EPA's  lead  role within the Federal  government  in  classifying
ecosystems, coordinating  monitoring  efforts,  reviewing existing  databases  and
monitoring networks,  and performing  research to develop  indicators  of current
ecosystem conditions.

1989 Program

       As  part  of  the  Agency  effort  in  reducing  uncertainties  in  risk
assessment, preliminary work will be  performed  on ecosystem  classification,
monitoring  network  design,   database  management,  and  environmental  statistics
culminating in  a research  and  implementation  plan for  the Basic  Ecological
Research Program.

1988 Accomplishments

       No activity in this area.


CAPITAL INVESTMENTS

1990 Budget Request

     The Agency requests  a  total of  $4,000,000  in  the  Research  and Development
appropriation for new and replacement scientific equipment. This is in addition
to  $2,000,000  distributed  among  the   media  programs  for  media  -specific
equipment needs.
                                8-19

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1989 Program

     The  Agency has  allotted  a total  of  $2,000,000  from  the Research  and
Development appropriation for the replacement of scientific equipment.  This
funding is distributed among the media programs.

1988 Accomplishments

     The  Agency  obligated  $2,000,000   from   the   Research  and  Development
appropriation to the  various media  programs for the  replacement of scientific
equipment.
                                8-20

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Abatement and
   Controi

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents
INTERDISCIPLINARY                                                       8-1

ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
   Environmental Review and Coordination 	  8-21
   Agencywide Technology Transfer Staff	8-24
   Academic Training Grants. .  	  8-27

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                                                   INTERDISCIPLINARY
                                         Environmental Review and Coordination
                                ACTUAL
                                 1988
                   ENACTED
                    1989
            CURRENT
           ESTIMATE
             1989
             REQUEST
              1990
            INCREASE +
            DECREASE -
          1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Environmental Review
and Coordination
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
        $4,721.3
        $4,504.0
$4,621.4
$7,730.5
$4,605.5
$6,387.7
$4,877.4
$7,200.0
                       TOTAL   $9,225.3  $12,351.9  $10,993.2  $12,077.4
  $271.9
  $812.3

$1,084.2
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance

Environmental Review
and Coordination
        $4,721.3   $4,621.4   $4,605.5   $4,877.4      $271.9
        $4,504.0   $7,730.5   $6,387.7   $7,200.0      $812.3
TOTAL   $9,225.3  $12,351.9  $10,993.2  $12,077.4    $1,084.2
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Environmental Review
and Coordination
           102.7
   107.3
   106.8
   114.9
     8.1
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
           102.7
   107.3
   106.8
   114.9
     8.1
TOTAL.WORKYEARS
Environmental Review
and Coordination

TOTAL WORKYEARS
           112.5
           112.5
   115.4
   115.4
   114.9
   114.9
   114.9
   114.9
                                       8-21

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                               INTERDISCIPLINARY
                     Environmental Review and Coordination
Budget Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of $12,077,400  supported  by 114.9  total
workyears for 1990, an  increase  of $1,084,200 and no change in total workyears
from 1989.   Of the request,  $4,877,400 will be for  the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $7,200,000 will  be for  the Abatement,  Control and Compliance
appropriation, an increase of $271,900 in Salaries and Expenses and an increase
of $812,300 in the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.

                                             I
ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW AND COORDINATION

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of $12,077,400  supported  by 114.9  total
workyears for 1990, an  increase  of $1,084,200 and no change in total workyears
from 1989.   Of the request,  $4,877,400 will be for  the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $7,200,000 will  be for  the Abatement,  Control and Compliance
appropriation, an increase of $271,900 in Salaries and Expenses and an increase
of  $812,300  in  the Abatement,  Control,  and Compliance  appropriation.    The
increase will support EPA compliance with its National Environmental Policy Act
(NEPA)  requirements,  support  the  development of  state  environmental  review
programs for  State Revolving Funds,  and increased personnel and support costs.
An  increase  in  the  demand  for  NEPA  compliance  resources  in  conducting
functionally equivalent analyses,  particularly in  the CERCLA and TSCA areas is
also expected.   In 1990 a  new Federal facilities compliance  strategy will be
fully implemented which utilizes new  approaches  to  compliance and enforcement
response.     Emphasis  will  be  placed  on  management   techniques,   such  as
environmental auditing.   The  Agency  will  continue  to  review and comment on
draft and final EISs and improve coordination with other Federal agencies with
respect  to  Section 309  and NEPA  review  processes.   Finally,  the Agency will
continue overall  outreach with Tribal groups by providing resources  that will
provide  technical  support  and  consultation  designed   to   strengthen  the
environmental management capabilities of tribal governments.

     Extramural resources  included  in  this  request will  also support Agency-
wide interdisciplinary  environmental projects.  These funds, to  be  extended on
special  environmental  projects,  will  enable   rapid  Regional  response  to
significant or unique intermedia environmental problems.

1989 Program

     In 1989 the Agency is  allocating a total of $10,993,200 supported by 114.9
total workyears for this program,  of which  $4,605,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and   $6,387,700   from  the   Abatement,   Control,  and
Compliance  appropriation.    In  1989,  the  NEPA  compliance  program  provides


                               8-22

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assistance  to  delegated state  construction  grants programs, ensures  that EPA
issued  NPDES  new  source  permits  are  in compliance  with NEPA,  assists  EPA's
Office   of   research  and   Development   and  laboratories  in   meeting   NEPA
requirements for  research  and  development projects  and assists  EPA  Regional
program offices in their efforts to comply with other environmental laws and to
carry out reviews  equivalent to NEPA.   The Agency continues to assist Federal
agencies in identifying facilities needing pollution controls,  determining the
most  cost   effective  control,  and resolving  disputes  surrounding  facilities
which are out of compliance.  Particular  emphasis  is placed on hazardous waste
problems on Federal installations in cooperation with the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response.   The Agency is also continuing to work on the review of
environmental  impacts  of  proposed projects,   regulations,  and other  major
Federal actions as required by  both NEPA  and  Section 309.  The major objective
is to minimize  the adverse environmental impact of  Federal  proposals  by:   (1)
effective  liaison  with  other  Federal  agencies,  (2)  early identification of
significant environmental  issues,  and  (3) timely review  of  major actions.  In
1989, technical assistance  continues  to  be provided  to  Indian  tribes  with the
focus of the  Indian programs being priority environmental  problems on Indian
Lands.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988  the  Agency  obligated a  total of  $9,225,300  supported  by  112.5
workyears  for  this  program, of  which $4,721,300  was  from the  Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and $4,504,000   from  the  Abatement,   Control,   and
Compliance  appropriation.  The  NEPA compliance  program  increased emphasis on
oversight of  state programs  which are doing  much of the basic environmental
analysis.   EPA  also  continued work on site specific  assessments and EISs, and
increased efforts in conducting functionally equivalent analyses, especially in
the  hazardous  and toxic  waste areas.    The  Agency  continued  its  efforts to
provide  technical  advice  and assistance to  Federal  agencies  to ensure  that
their facilities comply with pollution control requirements in a cost effective
manner;  to review  and comment on  proposed actions  of other Federal agencies to
ensure that public health and the environment are protected;  to improve liaison
with other Federal agencies; and to identify and resolve environmental concerns
on Indian lands.
                               8-23

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                                                   INTERDISCIPLINARY
                                         Agencywide Technology Transfer Staff

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Agencywide Technology
Transfer Staff
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
                       TOTAL
$437.8     $149.5     $711.0     $747.0
$394.0              $1,745.0   $1,760.0

$831.8     $149.5   $2,456.0   $2,507.0
                                $36.0
                                $15.0

                                $51.0
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
$437.8     $149.5     $711.0     $747.0
$394.0              $1,745.0   $1,760.0
                                $36.0
                                $15.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Agencywide Technology
Transfer Staff
   2-. 4
5.0
16.0
16.0
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
   2.4
5.0
16.0
16.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Agencywide Technology
Transfer Staff
   2.6
5.0
16.0
16.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
   2.6
5.0
16.0
16.0
                                      8-24

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                               INTERDISCIPLINARY
                     Agencywide Technology Transfer Staff
Budget Request
   The Agency requests a total of  $2,507,000  supported  by 16.0 total workyears
in  1990.   This  represents  an  increase  of  $51,000  and  no  change  in  total
workyears  form  1989. Of  the request,  $747,000  will be  for the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $1,760,000  will  be  for Abatement,  Control,  and
Compliance  appropriation.   This  represents  an  increase  of  $36,000  in  the
Salaries and Expenses and an increase of $15,000 in the  Abatement,  Control,  and
Compliance appropriation.


AGENCYWIDE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER STAFF

1990 Program Request

    The Agency requests  a total of $2,507,000  supported  by 16.0 total workyears
for  this  program,  of  which  $747,000  will be  for the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and $1,760,000 will be for the Abatement,  Control,  and Compliance
appropriation.   This represents  an  increase of $36,000  in the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation,  an  increase  of $15,000 in the  Abatement,  Control,  and
Compliance  appropriation,  and no  change  in  total workyears  from 1989.   The
increase  in Salaries and Expenses  reflects  increased personnel  and  support
costs.
    This program  will continue  to  develop a  national program  that identifies,
documents,  and   disseminates  selective  exemplary   environmental  practices;
establishes  a national  network of  environmental technical  experts;  expands
EPA's academic and vocational infrastructure  through environmental  management
institutes;  assures continued  growth   in  the  management  of EPA's  National
Network   for   Environmental   Management   Studies   (NNMES);   staffs   the
Administrator's National Advisory  Council  on  Environmental Technology Transfer
(NACETT)  and  its  four  committees,  and  oversees the  response  to  those  of  its
recommendations accepted by  the Administrator; and identifies  and  promotes  the
development and  use of  needed new  and innovative environmental  technologies
through appropriate cooperative efforts with  organizations  and  institutions
outside EPA and by  identifying and initiating efforts to remedy  administrative
and  other barriers  to  the  development and  use of  needed new  environmental
technology.

   In  addition,   this   program  will   seek   and   assess  new  and  existing
environmental technologies outside  of the Agency for  possible use by the Agency
or by others  and  will do  so with the  assistance  of experts  in academia,  and
among technological  leaders  in business and  industry,   and in other  Federal,
State and local agencies.
                               8-25

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1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating  a  total  of $2,456,000 supported by 16.0
total workyears  for this program  of which $711,000  is  from the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $1,745,000  is  from  the Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance  appropriation.   The  program  is  developing a  national program  to
identify,  document and  disseminate  selected  environmental "best  practices"
that constitute model approaches worthy of replication; establishing a national
network of environmental experts and communication focal points  at the Federal
and  State  levels  of  government;  expanding   EPA's  academic  and  vocational
infrastructure ties  through the  development of  regionally based cooperative
environmental  management   institutes;   assuring  continued  growth   in  the
management  of EPA's  National  Network  for  Environmental  Management  Studies
(NNMES);  and  creating  and  staffing   the  Administrator's  National  Advisory
Council for  Environmental  Technology Transfer  (NACETT) to  address issue areas
of  national  concern.   In  cooperation with  Program  and Regional  Offices,  and
State and local  agencies, this  program will  identify and  promote  innovative
environmental management and implementation strategies through  ongoing program
development activities and demonstrations.   In cooperation  with  the  Office  of
Research and Development (ORD),  it will promote and support activities required
by the Federal Technology Transfer Act of 1986 (FTTA)  and President's Executive
Order 12591  to accelerate  the  development and  commercialization  of  needed new
(environmental)   technology.      Finally,   this   program   will  manage   the
Administrator's National Small  Community Regulatory Outreach Program.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the  Agency obligated a total of  $831,800  supported by 2.6 total
workyears, of which  $437,800 was from the  Salaries and  Expenses appropriation
and $394,000 was  from  the  Abatement, Control,  and Compliance appropriation.
During its  six months  of full  scale operations,  the  following  accomplishments
were achieved:  establishment of the Administrator's  National Advisory Council
on  Environmental  Technology  Transfer consisting of 37 senior executives drawn
equally  from various  sectors  of  society;  completion of  the  first  cycle  of
studies  under  the  National  Network   for  Environmental  Management  Studies;
leading  the  development  in  conjunction  with  the  Office  of  Research  and
Development and other EPA offices of the implementation policies and procedures
for implementation within the Agency of the Federal Technology  Transfer Act of
1986  and  Executive  Order  12591;   supporting  a  wide  array of  new  program-
specific,  Region-specific   and   Agencywide   initiatives   to   improve   the
implementation of EPA programs through  improved information sharing within and
outside the Agency; promoting and  supporting  the  development of university-led
consortia within which to assess the efficacy of  newly developed environmental
technologies and  to  promote  the commercialization of those technologies found
to  be  needed  and  efficacious;  development  and  initiation of  a program  to
disseminate case studies of environmental best  practices;  and establishment  of
a network of technology transfer focal points in each  Headquarters and Regional
Office and in each State.
                               8-26

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                                                   INTERDISCIPLINARY
                                               Academic Training Grants
                                ACTUAL
                                 1988
         ENACTED
          1989
 CURRENT
ESTIMATE
  1989
REQUEST
 1990
  INCREASE +
  DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Academic Training
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
                       TOTAL
$423.5   $1,000.0     $991.5

$423.5   $1,000.0     $991.5
                        -$991.5

                        -$991.5
TOTAL:
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance

Academic Training      TOTAL
Grants
$423.5   $1,000.0     $991.5


$423.5   $1,000.0     $991.5
                        -$991.5


                        -$991.5
                                      8-27

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                               INTERDISCIPLINARY


                           Academic  Training Grants

Budget Request

   The Agency requests no resources for this activity in 1990.

ACADEMIC TRAINING GRANTS

1990 Program Request

   The Agency requests no resources for this program.

1989 Program

   In 1989  the  Agency is allocating $991,500 for  this  program,  which  provide
academic and  professional training to state and  local  environmental personnel
in the areas  of pollution control  and  environmental  engineering.  The programs
also are providing economic  support, through fellowships  and training grants,
to  minority  students  to allow   them  to  receive  academic   training  in  the
environmental field.


1988 Accomplishments

   In 1988, the Agency obligated $423,500 in training  grants to assist States
with  issues  in:  toxic  substances and hazardous  wastes,  air  pollution,  and
enforcement case resolution.
                               8-28

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Enforcement

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                         :   1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents
INTERDISCIPLINARY

ENFORCEMENT
   Enforcement Policy and Technical Support	8-29
      Enforcement Policy and Operations	8-32
      Criminal Investigations Program	8-36
      Technical Support - Office of Enforcement and Compliance
        Monitoring	8-38

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                                                     INTERDISCIPLINARY
                                         Enforcement Policy & Technical Support

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Enforcement Policy &
Operations
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
       $15,076.5  $15,320.9  $15,260.5  $16,110.9
          $493.7     $330.6     $324.8   $1,525.1

TOTAL  $15,570.2  $15,651.5  $15,585.3  $17,636.0
Criminal Investigation
Program
 Salaries & Expenses
                       TOTAL
Technical Support
Office of Enforcement
And Compliance
Monitoring
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
        $2,070.3
        $2,070.3
$2,637.5
$2,637.5
$2,635.9
$2,635.9
        $3,441.2
        $1,410.5
$3,262.3
$1,610.9
$3,249.1
$1,594.5
$3,412.3
$3,412.3
$3,461.4
$1,674.9
                       TOTAL   $4,851.7   $4,873.2   $4,843.6   $5,136.3
                                    $850.4
                                  $1,200.3

                                  $2,050.7'
$776.4
$776.4
$212.3
 $80.4

$292.7
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
       $20,588.0  $21,220.7  $21,145.5  $22,984.6    $1,839.1
        $1,904.2   $1,941.5   $1,919.3   $3,200.0    $1,280.7
Enforcement Policy &   TOTAL  $22,492.2  $23,162.2  $23,064.8  $26,184.6    $3,119.8
Technical Support
                                       8-29

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TOTAL WORKYEARS
                                ACTUAL
                                 1988
                 INTERDISCIPLINARY
       Enforcement Policy & Technical Support

        ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
         1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                     1989               1990 VS 1989
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Enforcement Policy &
Operations

Criminal Investigation
Program

Technical Support
Office of Enforcement
And Compliance
Monitoring

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
289.1
 32.3
 61.1
297.0
 42.4
 61.5
296.1
 42.4
 61.3
318.8
 57.4
 63.3
22.7
15.0
 2.0
382.5
400.9
399.8
439.5
39.7
Enforcement Policy &
Operations

Criminal Investigation
Program

Technical Support
Office of Enforcement
And Compliance
Monitoring

TOTAL WORKYEARS
316.3
 33.3
 66.2
312.8
 42.4
 61.5
311.8
 42.4
 61.3
318.8
 57.4
 63.3
 7.0
15.0
 2.0
415.8
416.7
415.5
439.5
24.0
                                       8-30

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                                   INTERDISCIPLINARY

                         Enforcement Policy & Technical Support
                                  ACTUAL
                                   1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
 1989
ESTIMATE
 1990
 INCREASE +
 DECREASE -
1990 vs 1989
Enforcement Actions
Administrative Orders
     EPA 	     2,964     3,503
     States 	     4,249         *
New Judicial Referrals
     EPA
       Civil 	      213        269
       Criminal 	      60         60
     State
       Civil 	     865          *
Judicial Cases, Ongoing
  Civil Cases Start of Year 	    627        620
  Civil Cases Concluded	    220        186

Active Consent Decrees 	    3.82          *

Criminal Investigations, New  ...     94         96
  Investigations Start of Year..    113        148
  Defendants Criminally Charged      73          *
Contractor Listing: 	
  Delistings and Discretionary
    Listings 	     10         29

Permit Support
  RCRA 	     41         70
  NPDES 	    339        390
  UIC 	    582        590
Penalties Assessed
  Administrative & Civil ...  $33,700,000         *
  Criminal 	  $8,400,000         *
              3,687
                  *
               222
                68
               703
               190
               105
                 *
                 *
                30
               158
               342
               590

                 *
                 *
              +184
                 *
              -47
               +8
              +83
               +4
               +9
                *
                *
              +88
              -48
                0

                *
                *
* Future year projections are not made for this data element.
                                  8-31

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                                  ENFORCEMENT
                    Enforcement  Policy  and Technical  Support
Budget Request
     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $26,184,600  supported  by 439.5  total
workyears  for  1990,  an  increase of $3,119,800 and  an increase  of  24.0 total
workyears  from  1989.   Of the  request,  $22,984,600 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and $3,200,000 will be  for the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance  appropriation.     This   represents   increases  of  $1,839,100  and
$1,280,700, respectively.


ENFORCEMENT POLICY AND OPERATIONS

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency requests  $17,636,000  supported  by  318.8 t6tal  workyears for
this  program,   of which  $16,110,900 will  be  for the  Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation and $1,525,100 will be for  the  Abatement,  Control and Compliance
appropriation.   This  represents  an increase of  $850,400 in  the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation,  of  $1,200,300  in  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance
appropriation,  and of 7.0 in total workyears  from  1989.    The  increase  in
Salaries  and  Expenses reflects  both the costs  associated with  the requested
workyears  and increased  personnel and support costs.   The increased Abatement,
Control  and Compliance  funding  reflects both  an  initiative  for  litigation
support  and  increased  funding  for  activities  designed  to  foster  capacity
building  in the Regions  and states.  The workyear increases  are requested for
legal   enforcement   work  related   to   SARA   Title   III  and   the  Criminal
Investigations Program.

     This  program's  goal  is  to  respond  to  instances  of non-compliance with
environmental   statutes  by   consistent,  timely,  and  effective  enforcement
actions.    Resources  requested  for  Headquarters  and  the  Regions  reflect
anticipated workload for new and ongoing civil and criminal judicial litigation
as well  as projected administrative enforcement  actions.   In 1990,  additional
legal resources will be  needed to  increase  the  focus on new requirements under
SARA Title III  regarding toxic substance  reporting as  well as legal support to
an expanding criminal enforcement program. Criminal enforcement investigations,
referrals,  and  indictments  will  expand  dramatically  as   the  criminal
investigations  program grows,  as  investigators are able to  handle  a greater
number of significant  leads  on environmental crimes, and as  increased numbers
of  cases  are   likely  to  go  to  trial.    Increases  in  legal  resources  are
requested  for   both  Headquarters  and the  Regions  to  respond  to  this  added
workload.

     Legal resources will be required to  support  high  levels  of civil judicial
and  administrative  enforcement  activity  in  all  media.   Particular  areas  of
emphasis will include, in:

     Hazardous Waste

        o  enforcement of corrective action measures
                               8-32

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        o  enforcement follow-up to HSWA "hammer" provisions
        o  enforcement against permit violations

     Air

        o  enforcement of newly promulgated benzene NESHAP
        o  enforcement under the woodstove NSPS
        o  enforcement under the new Ozone Strategy, and CFC enforcement
           strategy
        o  aggressive use  of  administrative  penalty authority against Publicly
           Owned Treatment Works (POTWs)
        o  aggressive administrative enforcement support  for  wetlands
           protection
        o  enforcement of  SDWA monitoring  requirements, with  particular
           emphasis on high hazard contaminants

     Toxics and Pesticides

        o  enforcement against premanufacture notice  and  existing chemical
           compliance violations
        o  enforcement of  AHERA regulations  regarding asbestos  in public
           buildings
        o  PCS disposal enforcement
        o  SARA Title III  reporting  requirements related  to b.oth the toxic
           substance inventory and emergency reporting of a toxic or hazardous
           release
        o  aggressive enforcement against pesticide misuse

     Headquarters  resources  will  focus  on provision  of  appropriate guidance,
selective involvement in major precedent-setting cases, capacity building (for
Regions and states) and broad program  oversight  (to insure that Agency efforts
are  both  focussed  on  appropriate  targets  and  achieving  proper  results).
Capacity building  efforts, such  as inspector  development training,  attorney
training,  and penalty  model  applications,  begun  as pilot  efforts will  be
expanded  with   the  increased  Abatement,  Control   and  Compliance  funding
requested.   Policy work will  continue  in areas  of  new statutory interpretation
and development of Agency enforcement strategies,  based on lessons learned from
oversight.   Similarly, Headquarters  staff  will participate in a limited number
of  judicial  and  administrative  cases  in  all  media which  demand  national
expertise.   Administrative enforcement  actions under  SARA Title III related to
information reporting requirements of the Toxic Release Inventory under Section
313  will require  significant Headquarters  staff  involvement.    In addition,
continued emphasis on the  contractor listing program will require Headquarters
attention,  and  special efforts  will be made  to  expand  criminal enforcement
capabilities in the states.

     The   Regions  will  be responsible  for initiating new enforcement actions
based upon statutory, regulatory, and  programmatic  directives.   Civil judicial
referrals  to  Headquarters,  direct  referrals  to  Justice, and  administrative
litigation in all  media will  receive legal  support.   Regional  legal resources
will be needed to  respond  to  growth  in the numbers of criminal investigations,
referrals,   indictments  and  penalties   expected  to occur as  a  result  of the
expansion in  the  criminal  investigation program.    Increased  Regional workload

                               8-33

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is  also  anticipated as  a result of  administrative enforcement  actions  taken
under  SARA  Title  III  authority  -  primarily  Section  313 which  requires  a
facility to  notify state and  local  authorities when a release  of  a hazardous
and toxic  chemical occurs.   A small increase in Regional  legal resources has
been requested to meet  increased workload  in both  these areas.   Regional legal
resources will also press vigorously for successful closure of  cases active on
the Agency's growing judicial  docket, as well as careful  oversight  and follow-
through on active consent decrees with  conditions  still not met.  Support will
also be given to permit decisions and appeals.

     Follow  through  on enforcement actions  begun  in prior years will require
significant  Headquarters   and  Regional  legal  support.    The  enforcement
consequences of several major  statutory deadlines  in 1988 and 1989  resulted in
aggressive Agency  use  of legal resources  and a growing  judicial docket.   For
this reason, a major increase in Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance funding is
requested  in  1990  to  improve  the  Agency's tools  in  pursuing  its  growing
caseload.  As enforcement cases become more complex, litigation support funding
has become crucial for major environmental enforcement case prosecution.  Major
non-Superfund judicial  cases  have changed in character  from relatively clear
technical  issues  to  complicated assessments  of   corporate  practice  and/or
management  behavior.    These  cases  often  require  commitment   of  substantial
resources for litigation support  activities  including evidence  audit, document
organization, and  development of automated  indices.   The  Agency must also be
able  to  call  upon  specialized  talent  to  analyze  evidence received through
discovery (for example  computer tapes).  Use of these litigation support tools
is  expected  to  both improve  the  Agency's  credibility  in judicial  proceedings
and the terms of the settlements achieved.

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the  Agency is  allocating  a  total  of $15,585,300 supported by
311.8  total workyears  for  this program,  of  which $15,260,500  is  from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $324,800 is from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.

     The  strong  enforcement  program  carried  out  in  1988  is  expected  to
continue.  Legal  enforcement  support will  address  emerging areas such as water
toxics and SARA Title III.  By statute, enforcement priorities include:

     o  The  Clean  Air  Act (CAA):   VOC sources in ozone nonattainment areas;
        violation of asbestos  demolition and removal regulations;  toxic air
        pollutant sources; and the chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) compliance program;

     o  The Clean Water Act (CWA):  pretreatment,  wetlands protection;

     o  TSCA/FIFRA:  PCB disposal; Premanufacture  Notices;  compliance with
        the Asbestos Hazard  Emergency Response  Act  (AHERA); worker  protection
        requirements; pesticide suspension and cancellation; and

     o  RCRA:  land ban violations; storage and treatment violations.

     Headquarters  attorneys will  develop  or review  guidance  and  policy on:
RCRA corrective action schedules; RCRA permitting requirements;  municipal waste
enforcement strategy; CWA hearing procedures for Class I  and II administrative
penalties; model  forms related to new  CWA  authorities;  CAA  enforcement under
the New  Ozone Strategy;  CFC Enforcement Strategy,  Benzene NESHAP  Enforcement

                                8-34

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Strategy; TSCA  Section 6 Asbestos Ban,  AHERA regulations, enforcement  of PCB
retirement; and SARA Title III enforcement.

       The  scope  of the  Agency's  enforcement agenda  in 1989  is  sufficiently
broad and complex that  successful  support  can only be  maintained by continuing
to build  vigorously on streamlining  initiatives  begun in earlier  years.   For
example,  significant efforts  are  being  made to test  and refine  innovative
enforcement techniques, such as alternative dispute resolution.  Coupled with
implementation of direct referrals  designed to enhance the line management
capacity of the Regions,  these  strategies  should  enable  the Agency to meet its
enforcement commitments.

     Headquarters resources  continue to focus on direct  involvement  in major
national  litigation which demands  special expertise,  and in  test  cases under
new statutory  authorities (such as the administrative penalty authority under
the Water Quality Act).  Management of the  growing contractor listing program
will continue  to demand  attention,  as will  the  criminal  enforcement program
(with particular emphasis on enhancing state capabilities).

     In  1989,  Regional  legal  resources are  being devoted  to administrative,
civil,   and criminal  enforcement  actions  in support  of program  enforcement
priorities  in  all  media.   Levels of effort reflect  both continuing work in
mature programs, introduction of new approaches (administrative penalty actions
in SDWA, CWA) and increased enforcement  efforts as a result of major statutory
deadlines  (National Municipal  Policy,  RCRA  land ban).    Regional  staff  have
devoted  considerable effort  to improving the speed  (while  safeguarding the
outcome) of the enforcement process.   Specific examples include: development of
standard  approaches for  use  in  certain  types  of  administrative  enforcement
actions, an expansion of  the use of  paralegal specialists,  and experimentation
with greater use  of new settlement techniques, such as  environmental auditing
provisions.     These  approaches,   taken  in  conjunction  with  careful   and
comprehensive Regional  planning of enforcement strategy,  enable Regional legal
resources to keep pace with much more complicated business.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the  Agency obligated  a  total  of $15,570,200  supported by 316.3
total workyears  for this program,  of  which  $15,076,500 was from  the Salaries
and Expenses  appropriation and $493,700  was from the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance appropriation.

     The  thrust  of  this program in  1988 continued  to be  vigorous enforcement
and compliance monitoring,  in  partnership  with the  states,  to produce maximum
environmental results,  and aggressive use of both  administrative  and judicial
enforcement to  achieve  compliance  with environmental statutes.   Record levels
of civil and criminal referrals were  sent  to the  Department of Justice.   These
actions coupled  with strong administrative enforcement activity levels  sent a
clear message to  the regulated community regarding  the Agency's commitment to
enforcing  compliance.    In addition,  by  the end  of  1988  over  380  judicial
consent decrees were in place and being monitored to ensure compliance with the
provisions  of  the  decrees.   Where noncompliance  with  the terms of a consent
decree was  found,  the  Agency  initiated contempt  proceedings with  the court to
compel compliance.

     Although final data are not yet available, preliminary statistics indicate
that  civil judicial and administrative  penalty  assessments  for 1988  have

                                8-35

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already exceeded levels achieved in 1987.   Criminal penalties assessed prior to
suspension more than doubled in 1988 from 1987 levels.

     Activities  at  Headquarters  included  involvement  in  selected  judicial
actions with precedent potential, development of legal  policy guidance and case
management for the criminal investigation program,  development and
implementation of enforcement strategies and initiatives,  and operation of the
Strategic Planning and Management System for Agency enforcement.   Particular
emphasis was placed on policy and guidance necessary to swiftly implement the
enforcement provisions of the Water Quality Act.

     Regional legal resources were devoted to generation of civil referrals and
administrative enforcement actions most likely  to  return significant violators
to  compliance,   maintaining  a  credible  enforcement  presence,  resolution  of
ongoing judicial cases and legal support to the criminal investigation program.
Legal time was devoted to careful consultation with media counterparts early in
the compliance monitoring and enforcement  process,  resulting in  the generation
of high number of enforcement actions with major compliance payoffs.  Effective
use was made of administrative penalty provisions under the Clean Water Act and
Safe  Drinking  Water  Act.    Enforcement  using  these  relatively  new  tools
increased  significantly  over  1987   levels.'   In  RCRA,  enforcement  efforts
concentrated on  administrative  actions taken against  violations  by Treatment,
Storage and Disposal Facilities.  In the Air program, strong enforcement of the
Asbestos Demolition and Renovation regulations sent a message to the demolition
and renovation contracting industry  regarding the  EPA  commitment to protecting
the public from preventable exposure to asbestos.


CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION PROGRAM

1990 Program Request

     In  1990,  the Agency requests a total  of  $3,412,300  supported    by 57.4
total workyears  for this program, all of which will  be for  the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation.   This represents  an increase  of  $776,400  and 15.0 in
total workyears from 1989.

     The objective  of  this  program will continue to be  forceful deterrence of
violation  of environmental  laws by providing the  regulated community  clear
evidence  that   willful   (and   in  extreme  situations,   negligent)  statutory
violations will  be  met with harsh  sanctions (in terms of both  jail sentences
and  substantial  assessed penalties).   Close  coordination will  continue with
each media program,  to ensure the most effective  targeting of these resources.
The   increase   in  workyears   will   enable  a   sizeable  expansion   in  the
investigations,   referrals,   and   indictments   pursued   by   the   criminal
investigators.  These added criminal investigations will be carefully targeted.
Aggressive prosecution of willful violators  will  expand the  program's enormous
deterrent value.   Under  SARA  Title  III,  implementation of  the  toxic release
inventory requirements will  result  in increased  criminal  investigation leads.
Effective prosecution  of these  violations  will  .send a  clear message  to the
regulated community regarding willful violation of Title III requirements.

     Continued effort will be  made to expand and  strengthen partnerships with
State and other  Federal  law  enforcement agencies  through training and advisory
support.  Increased emphasis will be placed on  leveraging in conjunction with
other Federal and state law enforcement agencies through joint investigations.

                              8-36

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     Specific program emphases will include the following:

     o  in  RCRA,   illegal  disposal,  storage  and transportation  of waste  to
        unpermitted facilities; blended  fuel/waste oil;  loss-of-interim-status
        reduction  in  on-site  capacity;  land  ban regulations;  small  quantity
        generators;

     o  in  CWA/SDWA, data  falsification  connected with greater use of toxicity
        limits  in NPDES  permits;   unpermitted  discharges  into  water  and
        wetlands;

     o  in  CAA,  air toxics,  asbestos demolition;  lead phase-down;  major motor
        vehicle pollution control violations; and

     o    in Sara Title III,  provisions regarding notice of toxic releases
        and inventory reporting requirements.

1989 Program Request

     In 1989, the  Agency is  allocating a total of $2,635,900 supported by 42.4
total  workyears  for  this  program,   all of  which  is from  the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation.

     In 1989, the  criminal investigation program  continues  its  operation as a
national network, with particular emphasis on hazardous waste enforcement, TSCA
enforcement- primarily concerning illegal disposal of PCB's, and water quality
enforcement  (where    felony  provisions provide improved  opportunities  for
deterrence).    In  addition,  priority is being  given  to the  cases with  the
greatest deterrent impact  in  the  areas  of air  toxics, data falsification and
deliberate  failure to report  to  EPA under TSCA.   The program  stresses close
coordination with  administrative and  civil  judicial  enforcement initiatives to
maximize the  number of  significant  violators brought into  compliance.   The
program  continues to  work  closely  with state criminal  enforcement  programs
through the Environmental  Criminal Coordinating Committees in  the Northeast,
South, Midwest  and West,  and  the National  Association of  Attorneys  General.
In addition, close working partnerships  are maintained with other  Federal law
enforcement agencies.   For example, the  Agency is implementing a Memorandum of
Understanding with the U.S.  Customs  Service  to coordinate investigative roles
and responsibilities to better detect instances of illegal export of hazardous
wastes.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the Agency  obligated  a  total  of $2,070,300 supported  by 33.3
total workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.

     The program  continued  to  reinforce  the growing  deterrent  presence  it
achieved in prior years,  as the  Court  system responded  with  stiff sanctions
including a dramatic increase in penalties assessed.

     In 1988, the number of criminal referrals as well  as the number  of  new
criminal  investigations  increased substantially.    The   proportion of  cases
producing significant  indictments increased  as  did  the  number  of pleas  and
convictions.  This trend is expected to continue.
                                 8-37

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     The program continues to put emphasis on rigorous criminal investigations,
particularly with  respect to multi-facility  compliance issues;  improved  case
management   through  efficient   use   of   investigative  resources;   greater
accessibility of  criminal investigators  to  Assistant U.S. Attorneys;  greater
access to appropriate automated databases; and improved technical investigation
and evidence audit support.

     Priority was given to investigations, cases and enforcement actions having
the highest  potential for environmental  improvement and protection  of public
health.   The program  operates  in close  cooperation with state  environmental
crimes  units and  other  Federal  law enforcement  agencies,  which  effectively
multiplies the visibility and deterrent message  of  criminal enforcement in the
environmental protection arena.


TECHNICAL SUPPORT

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests a total  of   $5,136,300  supported  by  63.3  total
workyears for  this program,  of which  $3,461,400 will be for  the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation  and $1,674,900  will be  for  the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance appropriation.  This represents an increase from 1989 of $212,300 in
the  Salaries  and  Expenses   appropriation,   an  increase  of  $80,400  in  the
Abatement, Control  and  Compliance appropriation, and an increase of  2.0 total
workyears.  The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects both the cost of the
added  workyears  requested  and  increased  personnel  and support  costs.    The
increase in  Abatement,  Control  and Compliance reflects  the need  to build more
effective   enforcement  information   systems  to   support   the   Criminal
Investigation  Program.    The workyear  change reflects  increased  emphasis  on
technical support of criminal investigations.

     In  1990,  the National  Enforcement  and Investigations Center  (NEIC)  will
continue to  provide  case development  support in nationally managed cases  with
the potential  for precedent, unique  technological   requirements,  and resource
requirements exceeding Regional capabilities.   NEIC  will emphasize case support
which promotes Regional priorities in toxics (air,  water),  ground water, public
drinking  water and wetlands.    Illegal  transport,  storage   and  disposal  of
hazardous  wastes  will   continue  to  be  investigated,   coupled  with  national
compliance  evaluations   of multi-facility waste  disposal firms,  ground-water
monitoring investigations, and  environmental audit  inspections.   An increased
level  of effort  is  expected  for  evidence  audit   activities,   automation  of
Potentially  Responsible  Parties  Inventories  for  RCRA  cases,  consent  decree
tracking, and  environmental  compliance audits  for  EPA  laboratories  and other
appropriate  facilities.   NEIC will also  provide analytical and  field support
for both FBI and EPA criminal investigations.   The agency has  also been able to
increase the effectiveness of the Criminal  Investigations  Program by providing
FBI agents with  the technical training necessary to investigate  environmental
crimes.

       NEIC  will  continue  to   develop   innovative  management   approaches  to
enforcement  such  as expansion of state enforcement  coordinating  committees to
form  a  link  between  the  environmental  regulatory  agencies  and  the  law
enforcement  entities  of  the  member states.    This facilitates  a technology and
information  transfer  whereby  both  the  law  enforcement  and  environmental
officials become  aware  of  and  use new  approaches.   Abatement,  Control and

                               8-38

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compliance  resources will  be  devoted to  improving access  to cost-effective
major  information  systems  (such the Criminal Information Index, and commercial
data bases  on corporate structure and finances)  to  provide Regions and states!
with information vital to case development.

1989 Program Request

       In  1989,  the Agency  is allocating  a total of  $4,843,600  supported by
61.3 total workyears for this program, of which $3,249,100 is from the Salaries
and Expenses  appropriation and $1,594,500  is from the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance appropriation.

       NEIC resources are supporting the development of significant enforcement
litigation  in  all  media.     The  Center's  primary  responsibilities  include
providing  background  analysis  for  case  preparation  and  evidence  audits,
conducting  field  investigations  and  laboratory  analyses,   developing  expert
testimony,  and negotiating the  technical aspects of  consent  decrees.   Cases
are selected  for NEIC support on  the basis of program and Regional enforcement
priorities.

     The Center continues to serve as a coordination point between both Federal
and state  law enforcement and environmental  protection agencies.   It provides
technical  assistance and  training  to personnel  in these  agencies  on  topics
which  are  vital  to  effective  environmental  enforcement  (e.g.    evidence
handling,  laboratory procedures,  and criminal  investigative  techniques).   The
Center also continues to implement ways to make information systems function as
a-more effective tool in targeting environmental enforcement actions.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency obligated  a total of  $4,851,700  supported by  66.2
total workyears for this program, of which $3,441,200 was from  the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation   and  $1,410,500  was  from the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     Particular emphasis  was placed  on  support  to  the RCRA program  in 1988,
including auditing contractor performance on hazardous waste transportation and
disposal.  Under the Clean Water Act, the NEIC provided compliance evaluations,
performance  audit inspections,  multi-media  inspection.';,   and  evaluations  of
major  publicly-owned treatment works  suspected  of  noncompliance, as well as
Clean Water Act  case support.   Technical assistance was also  provided  to the
pesticides  and  toxics   enforcement  efforts,  with  particular  emphasis  on
polychlorinated biphenyls  (PCB's),  as well  as  management  in seven  Regions of
compliance inspections under  Sections  5  and  8  of the  Toxic Substances Control
Act (TSCA).
                               8-39

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  9. TOXIC
SUBSTANCES

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990  Budget  Estimate

                              Table of Contents

                                                                        Page

TOXIC SUBSTANCES                                                        9-1

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   Toxics Substances Research	  9-7
      Scientific Assessment	9-14
      Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance .... .  	  .  9-14
      Health Effects	9-16
      Environmental Engineering and Technology 	  9-17
      Environmental Processes and Effects. .....	  9-18
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
   Toxic Substances Financial Assistance  ......	  9-21
      Asbestos-in-Schools Loans and Grants 	  ,  	  9-23
      Asbestos-in-Schools Program Administration .  .  . .  .  .  .  .  .   ....  9-24
      Asbestos-in-Schools Contractor and Inspector Certification ...  9-25
   Toxic Substances Strategies	 	  9-26
      Chemical Testing	9-28
      Existing Chemical Review ....................  9-29
      New Chemical Review. .	  9-32
      Asbestos-in-Buildings	 .  .  .  .  .  . .	  9-33
      Regional Toxics Program	  9-34
   OPTS Title III		9-36
ENFORCEMENT
   Toxic Substances Enforcement	9-40
      Toxic Substances Enforcement	  	  9-41
      Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants. ..............  9-43
   OPTS Title III Enforcement	9-44

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                                                    TOXIC SUBSTANCES
                                 ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                  1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                        1989               1990 VS 1989
 APPROPRIATION
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
  Salaries & Expenses
  Abatement Control and
  Compliance
  Research & Development

 TOTAL,  Toxic Substances
 $43,835.9  $45,101.4  $44,996.7  $47,567.3    $2,570.6
 $79,031.8  $82,056.8  $81,236.0  $42,920.7  -$38,315.3

 $15,351.8  $17,161.4  $16,986.4  $16,737.2     -$249.2

$138,219.5 $144,319.6 $143,219.1 $107,225.2  -$35,993.9
 PERMANENT WORKYEARS
 TOTAL WORKYEARS
 OUTLAYS
 AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
     822.8      864.7      861.8      880.6        18.8
     863.1      875.0      871.6      880.6         9.0
$130,925.1 $143,954.6 $142,854,6 $113,155.2   $29,699.4
Authorization for the Toxic Substances Control Act expired
on September 30, 1983.  Reauthorization is pending.
NOTE: 1988 Actual does not include $105.0 discussed in OPTS Title III.  It is included
      in the Superfund media total for 1988.
                                        9-1

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                               TOXIC SUBSTANCES
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
     The  Toxic   Substances  media   covers   programs   implemented  under  four
environmental statutes,  all  of which are focused on  control  of toxic chemical
use.    The  Toxic  Substances  Control  Act  (TSCA)  provides  the  authority  and
responsibility  to protect human health  and the environment  from unreasonable
risks arising from the manufacture,  distribution,  use or  disposal  of existing
and new chemicals.  The  Asbestos  School Hazard Abatement Act  (ASHAA) directs
the  Environmental  Protection  Agency  (EPA)  to  assist  states   and  local
educational agencies (LEAs) in determining the extent of risks from exposure to
asbestos  containing materials.   The  Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response  Act
(AHERA) imposes inspection and abatement requirements on all public and private
elementary  and  secondary  schools,  and  requires  EPA  to  examine the  issue of
asbestos in public and commercial buildings.  Finally, section 313 of Title 111
of  the  Superfund  Amendments  and Reauthorization  Act  (SARA)  requires  EPA to
establish an  inventory of toxic chemical emissions from  certain facilities as
part of a broader  emergency planning and community right-to-know program.

     To carry out  its mandates under the laws, EPA will implement the following
major   goals  in   1990:   1)   ensure  new   chemicals,   including  products  of
biotechnology,  do  not  enter  commerce without appropriate  controls;  2) identify
existing chemicals which pose  unreasonable  risks;  3)  reduce  risks  from future
marketing and use  of existing  chemicals;  4) remove  especially toxic chemicals,
such as asbestos  and polychlorinated biphenyls  (PCBs), from continued use; and
5) ensure strong enforcement and research and development support.

Ensure New Chemicals Do Not Enter Commerce Without Proper Controls

     The New Chemical Review program reflects the preventive philosophy of TSCA
by reviewing new  chemicals for risks before they  are manufactured or imported.
The number  of new  chemical  submissions  received under section  5 of TSCA will
reach an  estimated 3,000 notices in 1990.   New biotechnology product reviews,
particularly  those  involving  deliberate releases  to the environment through
field  experiments,  are  expected  to  increase  significantly.    This  increase
reflects   continued   growth   in   the  market   for  genetically   engineered
microorganisms  and the   expectation  that  many   small   scale  research  and
development applications will reach full scale commercial development by  1990.
EPA must review  all submissions and  impose appropriate  controls or  ban the
manufacture  or  import  of certain products in order to  ensure  protection of
public health and  the environment.

Identify Existing  Chemicals Which Pose Unreasonable Risks

     The Toxic  Substances program carries out its  review  function on hundreds
of  thousands of   existing  chemicals  in order to  identify  those which  pose
unreasonable risks by pursuing a multifaceted strategy:

     o  New data on  chemicals are screened to identify hazards;

     o  Data  in  the  possession  of  industry  on  manufacturing and  use  of
        chemicals  are collected on chemicals of concern;
                               9-2

-------
     o  Industry is required to conduct studies  and to do testing to fill data
        gaps on chemicals of concern;

     o  Annual  data  on  emissions  and  discharges  of  toxic  chemicals  are.
        collected  and made  available to  the public  and other  environmentall
        programs at the Federal, state and local level;

     o  Risk  assessments  on  suspect chemicals are  conducted  to  determine
        whether controls should be imposed on their future use.

     There are  important new aspects of  this  strategy for 1990.   A test rule
will  be  completed to   fill  data  gaps   identified in  the  Agency for  Toxic
Substances  and  Disease  Registry's  (ATSDR) toxicological  profiles  developed
under section 110 of SARA.  TSCA section 4 testing is identified in section 110
as  a  major  mechanism  for  carrying  out  the  mandated research  program  on
chemicals which are found at known Superfund sites.

     A  test  rule will also  be  completed to fill  data 'gaps  identified by the
SARA  section  313  Toxic Release  Inventory  (TRI).   The  TRI  is   the public
inventory created  from  the  submission of reports showing annual  emissions and
discharges of toxic chemicals  by  virtually all manufacturers and  significant
users of over 300  toxic  chemicals.   This  new inventory is expected to  identify
new cases of  possible exposure  to  toxic  substances, which will lead to further
investigation of these chemicals.   In 1990 the second set of annual submissions
will  be processed and  added   to  the inventory,  and  the  data  will  be  made
available to the public.

Reduce Risks from Future Marketing and Use of Existing Chemicals

     The Existing  Chemicals program  will focus on those chemicals  for which,
there  is  the  maximum  potential  for  reducing  risks  through  governmental
intervention,  and  which cannot  be  controlled  effectively  by other  Federal
regulatory  programs.     The  program  will  continue  its work on  controlling
asbestos, PCBs  and chlorinated solvents.   It  will  add work on  dioxins  and
furans and other chemicals,  which are identified through such mechanisms as the
TRI and by other Federal programs, for regulation under TSCA.

Remove Especially Toxic Chemicals from Continued Use

     Some chemicals pose such unreasonable risks that controls on their use are
not always  sufficient and  in  many cases they  must be  removed  from continued
use.   Two  chemicals  already  subject to such  removal  actions  are PCBs  and
asbestos used in schools.   A major new initiative  in  this  area  in  1990 is the
consolidation of the Asbestos-in-Schools program into a broader program related
to asbestos in buildings.  The Asbestos-in-Buildings program will implement the
key recommendations made in the 1988 Report to  Congress on asbestos in public
and  commercial  buildings,   including studies   to  develop   improved   data  on
exposure to asbestos in public and commercial buildings and to evaluate various
mitigation methods.

     In addition, to support the Agency's efforts to ensure that the removal of
these  especially  toxic  chemicals  from  continued  use  does  not  result  in  an
actual increase  in public health risk because  of improper handling, the Agency
will  establish   a  Regional   Toxics  program  to  complement  the existing  toxic
substances compliance program.   This new program will work with the states to
                               9-3

-------
help  them  become more  active  in  program  operations  for  the  Asbestos-in-
Buildings  and PCS programs.   This  effort will  seek to  build a  coordinated
Federal/state program in these two areas.

Ensure Strong Toxic Substances Enforcement

     The major  objective of the Agency's Toxic  Substances  Enforcement program
is  to  maintain  an  efficient  and  effective national  compliance  monitoring
program with appropriate coverage of all  enforceable  TSCA regulations.   The
enforcement  program depends  increasingly upon the  assistance  of state agencies
which conduct compliance monitoring  inspections  under the  terms of cooperative
enforcement  agreements.   Twenty-two  states currently participate in the TSCA
cooperative  agreement program and this number is expected  to  increase by seven
to  ten states  in 1990.    State  programs  emphasize  compliance monitoring  of
existing  chemical control  rules,  particularly  those for  asbestos  and PCBs!
Since  the  states cannot  initiate   TSCA enforcement  actions  without  meeting
certain strict  criteria  of equivalency provided for  in  the law,  the Agency is
responsible  for  case  development and prosecution  for all  detected violations,
whether originating from state- or EPA-conducted inspections.

     Of concern to both EPA and the public  is controlling hazards from asbestos
and assuring the  proper  storage and  disposal  of  PCBs.  The enforcement program
is placing  a growing emphasis  on conducting a comprehensive compliance program
in  these  areas,  including more frequent and comprehensive inspections  at PCB
disposal  sites,   and  will  be  targeting  inspections  at brokers,  storers  and
transporters of such materials.

     The  Toxic  Substances  Enforcement  program  also  supports  the  enforcement
provisions  of SARA Title III.   Prior to the  time  that these  provisions became
fully enforceable,  the  Agency provided  compliance assistance  to  the regulated
community,  the  states,  and local authorities.  With  all sections  of Title III
now  fully  enforceable,  EPA has  begun  an  inspection program  to ensure that
manufacturers, processors,  and users of  subject chemicals  comply  with section
313 requirements  to  submit  reports  of  the annual emissions  and  discharges  of
toxic chemicals.

Ensure Strong Research and Development Support

     The Office of Research  and Development (ORD)  will continue to support the
Office  of  Toxic Substances  (OTS) by performing  research in  the areas  of test
method  development and  validation;   biomarkers,  dosimetry and extrapolation;
exposure  monitoring;  environmental  engineering  and  technology; special human
data  needs; structure  activity  relationships (SARs);  environmental fate  and
transport;  ecology risk assessment;  and  biotechnology.  In addition, research
efforts will focus on development and evaluation of asbestos abatement, control
and monitoring technologies, emission and monitoring methods for SARA Title III
chemicals,  and  increased health and  environmental  effects  and engineering work
in biotechnology.

Consulting  Services

     Consulting  services  are  used   on  an  intermittent basis to  supplement
technical expertise needed in the asbestos program.
                                9-4

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                               TOXIC SUBSTANCES
                                   Actual
                                    1988
          Current
         Estiaate
           1989
          Estimate
            1990
          Increase+
          Decrease-
           1990 vs.
             1989
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES

Incremental Outputs

Existing Chemical Review

Section 8(e), FYI's Received
Section 8 Reports	
Section 8 and 5(a) Rules	
Preliminary Risk Assessments
Detailed Risk Assessments....
List 2 Inerts Screened	
PCB Disposal Permits.	
Option Selections	
Rulemakings	
Section 9 Referrals	
PCB Exemptions 	
Asbestos Ban Exemptions..  . . . .

New Chemical Review

Rulemakings	
New Chemical Submissions.....
New Chemical Control Actions
Biotechnology Notices.	
Biotechnology Control Actions
New Chemical SNURS	
Receipt of Test Data.	
Bona Fide Submissions.	
Commencement Notices	

Chemical Testing

ITC Testing Actions	
Non-ITC Testing Actions	
Test Guidelines	
Test Standard Modifications.,
Interim Test Program Reviews
Final Test Program Reviews
  417
  601
   14
   15
    2
   15
   12
    2
    4
    0
   12
    1
3,039
  180
   13
    3

   50
  387
1,239
   14
    1
    1
   30
    3
    4
  400
 ,050
    9
   10
    2
   35
   12
    3
    4
    1
   10
   15
    3
2,800
  140
   65
   15
  185
   30
  500
1,200
   20
    2
    2
   60
    7
   12
  400
 ,320
   11
   20
    6
   50
   12
    4
    1
    1
   10
   15
    0
3,000
  140
 ' 155
   30
  185
   30
  600
1,200
   20
    3
    2
   75
   12
   17
+270
  +2
 +10
  +4
 +15

  +1
  -3
  -3
+200

 +90
 +15
+100
  +1

 +15
  +5
  +5
                             .  9-5

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                              TOXIC SUBSTANCES  (continued)
                                   Actual
                                    1988
           Current
          Estinate
            1989
            Estioate
               1990
            Increase+
            Decrease-
            1990 vs.
               1989
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES

Incremental Outputs

Title III
TRI Forms Received	
TRI Forms Processed	
Notices of Noncompliance...
Receipt of Corrected Forms.
Petitions Received	
On-Site Technical Audits...
Suspect Tech. Data Review..
Rulemakings	
71,109
71,109
 3,000

    20
Asbestos-in-Schools Loans and Grants

Abatement Projects Funded...          226
Exposure Hours Reduced	    2,000,000

Asbestos-in-Buildings*

Abatement Projects Closed out         320
State Programs Developed....           11

Enforcement Actions

Title III Inspections	          153
Title III Administrative Orders         0
Laboratory Inspections	           10
Test Study Audits	           27
Inspections, Sec. 5	          330
Inspections, Sec. 6
 PCS Inspections**.	        1,935
 Asbestos Inspections***....        1,614
Inspections, Sec. 8	          185
150,000
100,000
 30,000
 28,000
     10
    200
  1,000
      0
               450
         3,300,000
               590
                11
               735
               265
                10
                47
               306

             1,800
             2,180
               100
200,000
150,000
 35,000
 35,000
     10
    100
  1,000
      1
                600
                 16
                960
                380
                 15
                 73
                200

              2,175
              2,555
                100
+50,000
+50,000
 +5,000
 +7,000

   -100

     +1
                +10
                 +5
               +225
               +115
                 +5
                +26
               -106

               +375
               +375
     *1988 and 1989 outputs were accomplished under Asbestos-in-Schools
      Program Administration  and Contractor Certification programs,  which are
      merged in 1990 into the Asbestos-in-Buildings program.

    **Includes Federal and state inspections

   ***Includes Federal, state and contractor inspections
                               9-6

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Research and
Development

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990  Budget  Estimate

                              Table of Contents


                                                                        Page

TOXIC SUBSTANCES                                                        9-1

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   Toxics Substances Research.	  9-7
      Scientific Assessment	9-14
      Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance ............  9-14
      Health Effects ......   	 ........ 	  9-16
      Environmental Engineering and Technology	  9-17
      Environmental Processes and Effects. .... 	  9-18

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                                                   TOXIC SUBSTANCES
                                              Toxic Substances Research
ACTUAL
1988

ENACTED
1989

CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment -
Toxic Substances
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                       TOTAL
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Toxic Substances
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                       TOTAL
Health Effects - Toxic
Substances
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                       TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Toxic
Substances
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                       TOTAL
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Toxic
Substances
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                       TOTAL
$219.8
$208.0
$427.8
$1,447.7
$3,351.6
$4,799.3
$3,231.0
$5,318.2
$8,549.2
$568.7
$2,050.7
$2,619.4
$5,555.5
$4,423.3
$9,978.8
$239.1
$208.0
$447 . 1
$1,505.3
$3,423.6
$4,928.9
$3,479.1
$7,356.3
$10,835.4
$626.1
$1,712.6
$2,338.7
$5,309.5
$4,460.9
$9,770.4
$107'.!
$7.2
$114.3
$1,479.7
$3,420.4
$4,900.1
$3,428.4
$7,356.3
$10,784.7
$623.4
$1,711.1
$2,334.5
$5,367.9
$4,491.4
$9,859.3
$122.0
$55.6
$177.6
$1,555.0
$3,820.4
$5,375.4
$3,525.6
$5,506.3
$9,031.9
$636.9
$2,313.5
$2,950.4
$5,429.3
$5,041.4
$10,470.7
                                                        $14.9
                                                        $48.4
                                                        $63,3
                                                        $75.3
                                                       $400.0
                                                       $475.3
                                                        $97.2
                                                    •$1,850.0
                                                    •$1,752.8
                                                        $13.5
                                                       $602.4
                                                       $615.9
                                                        $61.4
                                                       $550.0
                                                       $611.4
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development

Toxic Substances
Research
       $11,022.7  $11,159.1  $11,006.5  $11.268.8      $262.3
       $15,351.8  $17,161.4  $16,986.4 -$16,737.2     -$249.2

TOTAL  $26,374.5  $28,320.5  $27,992.9  $28,006.0       $13.1
                                      9-7

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                                                  TOXIC SUBSTANCES
                                              Toxic Substances Research

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -|
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PERMANENT WORKYEARS

Scientific Assessment -
Toxic Substances

Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Toxic Substances

Health Effects - Toxic-
Substances

Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Toxic
Substances

Environmental Processes
& Effects - Toxic
Substances

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
  3.9
 22.7
 60.5
  8.8
  81.2
 177.1
  4.0
 25.1
 61.6
 11.0
  85.6
 187.3
  2.0
 25.1
 62.6
 11.0
  86.2
 186.9
  2.0
 25.0
 62.4
 11.0
  85.5
 185.9
 -.1
 -.2
 -.7
-1.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS

Scientific Assessment -
Toxic Substances

Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Toxic Substances

Health Effects - Toxic
Substances
  3.9
 24.1
 64.0
  4.0
 25.1
 61.6
  2.0
 25.1
 62.6
  2.0
 25.0
 62.4
 -.1
 -.2
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Toxic
Substances

Environmental Processes
& Effects - Toxic
Substances

TOTAL WORKYEARS
  9.5
 11.0
 11.0
 11.0
 85.4
186.9
 85.6
187.3
 86.2
186.9
 85.5
185.9
 - .7
-1.0
                                       9-8

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                                TOXIC  SUBSTANCES
                           Toxic Substances Research
                         Principal  Outputs by Objective
Objective 1:  Develop and Validate Test Methods in Support of TSCA Studies
L990:
1989:
1988:
Progress  report  on determining  dose for  small aquarium  animals
fish used in chronic bioassays (Environmental Processes)
Report on chemometric research (Monitoring)

Report:   Carcinogenicity of  the  widely  used herbicide alachlor in
freshwater and marine fishes (Environmental Processes)

Evaluation  of  the  sensitivity   of a  screening  procedure  with
specific reproductive toxins (Health)
Objective   2:
Extrapolation

1990:   o
     Perform  Research   on  Biological  Markers.   Dosimetrv  and
1988:   o
Evaluation  of  biological models  for prediction  of tumorigenesis
for asbestos and other mineral fibers (Health)
Evaluation  of  potential use  for   biological  markers  in  human
exposure monitoring studies  (Monitoring)

Structure  activity correlation of  the  reproductive  effects  of
diazo dyes administered in utero (Health)
Objective 3:  Provide Information on Special Human Data Needs

1989:    o    Report on the effects of asbestos exposure on teachers (Health)
Objective 4:   Perform Ecological Research Including Transport.  Fate  and Field
Validation
L990:
1989:
Report describing structure activity relationships (SAR) in uptake
of chemicals by plants (Environmental Processes)

Internal report  on transfer mechanisms  of chemicals to  eggs  and
offspring of avians (Environmental Processes)
Objective 5:  Perform Engineering Research in Support of TSCA

1990:   o    Report on  the feasibility of a  testing/certification program for
             asbestos equipment and materials (Engineering)
                               9-9

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  1988:
Report  on advanced  development  of  methodologies  for estimating
protective  clothing   performance  for  the  PUN  review  process)
(Engineering)

Study  of workplace  exposure  in  the  polymer  processing industry
(Engineering)
Oblective 6:  Perform Exposure Monitoring Research
1990:
Interim report on blood/breath monitoring for total human exposure
to toxic pollutants (Monitoring)
Progress report  on modeling pollutant  sources  and human activity
patterns associated with exposure to toxic pollutants (Monitoring)
Obiective 7:  Develop Structure Activity Relationships Data
1990:


1989:
Report  documenting application  of  expert systems  for predicting
reactivity parameters for PMN Chemicals (Environmental Processes)

Final  report  on  SAR  methods  for  predicting  metabolism  from
chemical structure (Environmental Processes)
Obiective 8:  Perform Research In Biotechnology
L990:
1989:
1988:
Interim  report  to  assess  methods   of   recombinant  bacteria  in
terrestrial ecosystems (Environmental Processes)
Report on  the  survival,  persistence  and  expression of genetically
engineered  viruses   in   vitro  and   in   vivo  under  laboratory
conditions (Health)

Report:    Fate  and  survival   of  altered microbes  and  genetic
material in the terrestrial environment (Environmental Processes)

Guidelines for monitoring releases of microbes (Monitoring)
Objective 9:   Perform  Studies  on Ecotoxicity  and Develop  Environmental  Risk
Assessment Protocols
1990:


1989:


1988:
Users manual  update of  stratified  lake transport model  for risk
assessment (Environmental Processes)

Report on the comparison of laboratory microcosms and natural pond
responses to Dursban (Environmental Processes)

Report documenting  the  coupled plant-soil model  and software for
predicting the fate of  xenobiotic  chemicals  in terrestrial plants
(Environmental Processes)
                               9-10

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Objective 10:  Provide Support Services for TSCA Studies

1990:   o    Guidelines  for  use of human  exposure model in  regulatory review
             and  report  on  production of reference  materials  for  quality
             control (Monitoring)

1989:   o    Annual  report  on production  of  quality control  materials  and
             asbestos for routine monitoring procedures (Monitoring)

1988:   o    Annual report on the asbestos audit program (Monitoring)
                                9-11

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                               TOXIC SUBSTANCES
                           Toxic Substances Research
Budget Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total of  $28,006,000  supported by  185.9  total
workyears for 1990, an  increase  of $13,100  and a decrease of 1.0 workyear from
1989.   Of  the request,  $11,268,800 will  be  for the  Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation  and  $16^737,200  will  be  for  the  Research  and  Development
appropriation,  an  increase  of   $262,300   and   a  decrease  of   $249,200,
respectively.          »

Program Objectives

     The  Toxic  Substances  research  program  supports   the  Office  of  Toxic
Substances  (OTS)  by providing the scientific  tools  and  supporting  information
needed  to  implement  the  Toxic  Substances  Control  Act  (TSCA),  the  Asbestos
Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA)  and Title III of the Superfund Amendments
and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA).

     Objective  1.   Develop  and  Validate Test Methods for TSCA Studies.  This
research  develops  and validates  health and  environmental  testing protocols to
be incorporated  into  TSCA Section fa  guidelines,  risk assessment methods,  and
analytical methods for identifying and quantifying environmental pollutants.

     Objective 2.   Perform Health Research on Biological Markers.  Dosimetry and
Extrapolation.  This effort develops methods for extrapolating from  high to low
doses between mammalian species  to enhance  risk assessment  predictability and
capability.   Research also focuses on developing  biomonitoring  techniques and
applying  biochemical  indicators  of  exposure  and  effects   to  the  study  of
populations exposed to toxicants.

     Objective  3.    Provide  Information  on  Special  Human Data  Needs.   This
activity   focuses  on   investigations   of  human   populations   exposed   to
environmental   pollutants.     This   research  will  help   determine   whether
biological  indicators  of  dose  and/or  effects  are  related to  environmental
levels of exposure  and  if  they are correlated with adverse effects  measured by
traditional  methods.    This  research provides an important  component to  the
Agency's  overall  ability  to  accurately  estimate  risks  from  exposure  to
chemicals and make regulatory decisions under TSCA.

    Objective 4.   Perform  Ecological  Research Including Transport. Fate,  and
Field Validation.  This  research focuses  on developing and conducting  exposure
and   hazard  assessments   of   chemicals   in  water,   air,   and   multimedia
environments.  This work is  conducted in  response  to the TSCA requirement that
the  Agency  take  into  account  ecological  risks   when  making   regulatory
decisions.     Work   focuses  on   inclusion   of   identified  transport   and
transformation  processes,  pathways  of  exposure,  population  characteristics,
environmental features and hazard assessment techniques.
                               9-12

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     Objective  5.    Perform  Engineering Research  in Support  of  TSCA.    This
 research focuses  on the development  of models to predict  the release  of andl
 exposure to  new  and existing chemicals.   The program addresses  those  classes"
 of chemicals  for which the  Agency does not  have  adequate  information  on the
 degree  to  which  existing  control systems  limit  their  release,   resulting  in
 more effective Pre-Manufacture Notification (PMN)  decisions.

      Objective  6.   Perform Exposure  Monitoring  Research.    This  research
 develops methods  and evaluates  data bases  and statistical  tools to  improve
 exposure  monitoring.    Multimedia   monitoring  methods  and  data   analysis
 techniques  are designed and  tested to characterize human  exposure to  chemicals
 of concerns.

      Objective  7.   Develop  Structure  Activity  Relationships   Data.    These
 research efforts  develop predictive methods  (structure activity  relationships)
 to provide  a tool  for determining whether new chemicals pose  unreasonable risk
1 or  require  further  testing.    Structure   activity  relationships  data  are
 important for  reviewing and  screening  PMN  chemicals  under  Section 5 of TSCA.
 The findings  and techniques established by this research will be  used to select
 appropriate  toxicity  tests,   to  document  test results,  to  develop  fate  and
 effects data  bases, and to  provide the modeling means to predict  toxicity.

      Objective 8.   Perform Research in  Biotechnology.   Research  in  this area
 develops methods  to  assess the potential health  and environmental hazards  of
 biotechnology products.  Methods  are  also being developed to monitor,  contain
 and destroy  genetically  engineered* organisms  from  releases  and  manufacturing
 processes.

      Objective 9.   Perform  Studies  on  Ecotoxicity  and   Develop  Environmental
 Risk Assessment  Protocols.    Research  in this  area  focuses on development  of
 methodologies and models to determine risks posed to  ecosystems by exposure  to
 environmental pollutants.    The program is  currently developing  environmental
 risk assessment protocols  for both  aquatic  and terrestrial systems which will
 be used in  evaluating risks from  both new and existing chemicals.

      Objective 10.  Provide  Support  Services for  TSCA Studies.   This  research
 provides  support, for  risk  and  exposure   assessments,   quality  assurance,
 dissemination of reference  standards and quality assurance reagents as  well  as
 expert consultation on  problems associated with the evaluation of  PMN  chemicals
 and other toxic substances.

      Objective 11.   Perform Research on Community Right-to-Know  Issues (SARA
 Title  III).    This new research effort  will evaluate and validate  emission
 estimation  techniques  and  monitoring methods  to  be  used by industry  and the
 Office of Toxic Substances  in support of the Community Right-to-Know provisions
 of the Superfund Amendments Reauthorization  Act (SARA).

      Objective 12.   Perform  Asbestos  Research.   Research in this area  focuses
 on testing and  evaluating:  asbestos abatement  and control technologies  and  on
 development of  sampling techniques  for asbestos  in support  of   the Asbestos
 Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA).
                                9-13

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SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT                                             .

1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of $177,600 supported by  2.0 total workyears
for  this  program,  of  which  $122,000  will  be  for  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation  and  $55,600  will   be  for   the   Research   and  Development
appropriation.   This  represents  increases of  $14,900  in  the  Salaries  and
Expenses   appropriation   and  $48,400  in  the   Research   and  Development
appropriation and  no  change in total workyears.  The  increase in the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation reflects increased personnel and support costs.  The
increase in the Research and Development appropriation will be used to fund new
research in support of SARA Title III implementation.

     Provide  Support  Services   for  TSCA  Activities.    Scientific  assessment
support  will be provided  for  preparation,  consultation  and review of  OTS
generated   assessments   of  cancer,   mutagenicity,   adverse   reproductive/
developmental effects,  and exposure.  These  activities will  support decision
making under TSCA  (existing  chemicals  program, PMN  review,  and test guidelines
and test rule development).

     Perform  Research  on  Community  Right-to-Know  Issues   (SARA Title  III).
Chemical profiles  will  be prepared and installed into  the  Agency's Integrated
Risk Information System (IRIS)  to provide  information  to various governmental
agencies and  the public on  the  health effects of chemicals  released into the
environment.

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the Agency  is allocating a  total of $114,300  supported by 2.0
total workyears  for  this program, of  which $107,100 is from  the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $7,200  is  from  the  Research  and  Development
appropriation.   The  1989  program  is providing  support  for preparation  and
review  of   risk  and  exposure  assessments  and  developing protocols  for
environmental risk assessments.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the  Agency obligated a total of $427,800 supported by 3.9  total
workyears  for this  program,  of  which  $219,800  was  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $208,000  was   from  the  Research and  Development
appropriation.   In 1988,  a review of  2,4-TDA was conducted and assistance was
provided for data review on reproductive and developmental toxicity of diglymes
and phenol.             '     .       •


MODELING. MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency   requests  a total  of  $5,375,400  supported  by  25.0  total
workyears for this program, of  which  $1,555,000 will be for  the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,820,400 will  be for the  Research and Development
appropriation.   This  represents  increases of  $75,300  in  the  Salaries  and


                               9-14

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Expenses   appropriation  and   $400,000   in   the   Research   and   Development
appropriation  and a  decrease  of  0.1  total workyears.   The  increase  in  the.
Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation reflects  increased personnel  and support'
costs. The increase in  the  Research  and  Development appropriation will be used
to fund  additional research on  asbestos  monitoring and for  implementation of
SARA Title III.   The workyear reduction  reflects  a consolidation of resources
for the Regional Scientists Program within the Interdisciplinary media.

     Develop  and Validate  Test Methods  for  TSCA Studies.    Biological  and
chemical  techniques  will be developed and  evaluated to identify  and quantify
pollutants in  both humans and the environment.  This  information provides  the
exposure  component for  conducting risk  assessments.   New  efforts  will study
infrared  spectra to develop and validate effective and economical analytical
and biological methodologies for routine measurements.

     Perform   Health   Research   on   Biological  Markers.   Dosim'etr'y   and
Extrapolation.  Existing genetic, immunological and biochemical biomarkers will
be pilot  tested  for suitability  as markers  of  exposure to  pollutants.  The  use
of DNA protein adducts as biomarkers  will be explored.   Biomarkers will provide
a quick, accurate, and cost-effective means to detect the presence of toxicants
in body tissue which cannot currently be detected using conventional monitoring
methods.

     Perform Exposure Monitoring Research.  Research in this  area will develop
monitoring systems and  models  to estimate  human  exposure  to pollutants  via
multiple  pathways.  Statistical  survey procedures  and  data  analysis techniques
will  be  used  to  produce  predictive  techniques  in  microenvironments  andi
categorize  human  activity  patterns.    This  research will   improve  exposure"
assessment capabilities for regulatory efforts.

     Perform Research in Biotechnology.   Monitoring procedures and methods  for
sampling  for  genetically engineered  microorganisms (GEMs) will be standardized
for monitoring routine  releases of  GEMs  into  the environment.    Bioaerosol
formation will be studied and half-life determinations  will  be performed.

     Provide  Support  Services  for TSCA  Activities.   Monitoring  and quality
assurance support  will  continue  for  the production of  reference  standards  and
quality assurance reagents.  Quality assurance guidelines will be  produced  for
data management  procedures for  bioassays.    Computerized  approaches  for  risk
evaluation will be tested by application of geographic  information system (CIS)
technology to existing exposure data  collected by the program office.

     Perform  Research  on  Community  Right-to-Know  Issues   (SARA  Title  III).
Validated  sampling  and analytical  methods  will be provided  to  support
environmental  and  exposure  monitoring investigations  of chemical  releases of
SARA Title III chemicals.   Reference standards and quality  assurance materials
will be  synthesized  or  procured and  added to  the  Agency's  Hazardous Materials
and  Toxic  Chemical  repository.     Research  will be  conducted  to  use  CIS
technology to model environmental pollution from  multimedia  emission sources.

     Perform Asbestos  Research.   Research  will  support the  implementation of
the Asbestos Hazard  Emergency  Response  Act (AHERA) by  developing  sampling  and
analysis protocols to monitor exposure  to airborne  asbestos.

                                   9-15

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1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency  is  allocating  a total of $4,900,100 supported by 25.1
total workyears for this  program, of which  $1,479.,700  is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $3,420,400   is  from  the  Research and  Development
appropriation.  The 1989 program is continuing support for exposure monitoring,
developing  analytical  methods  and  providing  quality  assurance  support  and
standard  reference   materials.     Factors  important   in   the   dispersal  of
genetically engineered organisms are being identified and described.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the Agency obligated a  total  of  $4,799,300 supported  by 24.1
total workyears for this program,  of which $1,447,700 was from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $3,351,600  was from  the Research and  Development
appropriation.  Biological monitoring methods and biomarkers were evaluated for
their possible  use  in human monitoring studies.   Consumer  product  models and
initial comparisons of volatile organic  compounds (VOCs) were-completed.


HEALTH EFFECTS

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $9,031,900  supported  by  62.4  total
workyears for  this  program,  .of which $3,525,600 will be for  the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,506,300 will be  for the  Research and Development
appropriation.   This  represents  an increase  of $97,200  in the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  a  decrease  of  $1,850,000  in the  Research  and
Development appropriation and a decrease  of 0.2  total  workyears.   The increase
in  the  Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation  reflects  increased personnel and
support costs.    The  decrease in  the  Research  and Development  appropriation
reflects  a  shift  of  funding  for asbestos  research  conducted  by  the Health
Effects Institute  (HEI)  from ORD  to OPTS.   The workyear decrease  reflects  a
consolidation  of resources  for  the Regional  Scientist  Program  within  the
Interdisciplinary media.

     Develop and Validate Test Methods  for TSCA  Studies.   Health research will
focus on  developing bioassay methods for predicting  non-cancer endpoints, with
particular   emphasis   on  neurotoxicity,   immunotoxicity   and   developmental
toxicity.   These methodologies are used to  evaluate  industry submitted data on
health effects  of new chemicals to  provide  test guidelines which ensure that
the data is accurate,  reproducible and consistent.

     Perform  Health  Research   on   Biological  Markers.   Dosiraetrv  and
Extrapolation.   This  research will provide improved methods for extrapolation
from  animal  data to  assess human  health risks.   This  research provides  an
important component to the risk assessment process.   Emphasis will be placed on
target  organ  dosimetry,   including  oral,  dermal  and  inhalation  routes  of
exposure,  to determine if the equivalent doses reaching the target site produce
equivalent effects.

     Provide Information  On  Special  Human Data  Needs.   Research will  examine
the application  of  biological markers  to human  populations groups  exposed  to


                               9-16

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environmental  contaminants  which  are  suspect  toxicants.    Methods will  be
developed to directly measure genetic damage in humans and to define the health!
effects  of  such  damage.    Efforts  will  also  be  initiated  to  use  laboratory
estimates of molecular  dose for epidemiology studies of  humans highly exposed
to toxic agents.

     Develop  Structure  Activity  Relationships  Data.   Methods  for  predicting
enzymatic,  mutagenic,  carcinogenic   and  other  biological  activities  from
molecular structure  of chemicals will  be developed using pattern recognition
and statistical and thermodynamic techniques.  Research results provide a rapid
method  for  predicting effects  of new  chemicals  based on  known  data  for
chemicals of similar structure.

     Perform  Research  in  Biotechnology.    Potential  dispersal  capability  of
bioengineered  organisms will  be studied,  along  with  their  potential  health
hazards.    Health studies  will  compare  the effects  of  these  organisms  and
naturally occurring  strains  on mammalian  gut  flora.    Research will  also  be
initiated to determine  the interaction on  invertebrate viruses with  human and
other vertebrate  cells.   This  research  supports the  PMN review process  for
biotechnology products.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,784,700 supported by 62.6
total workyears for this program, of which $3,428,400 is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $7,356,300 is  from  the  Research  and  Development
appropriation.   The 1989 program is developing  test  methods  in support of TSCA*
Section  4  test guidelines,  conducting research  on extrapolation,  biological
markers, and  structure  activity relationships,  and  assessing potential health
effects from genetically engineered organisms.   In 1989, $2,000,000 of Research.
and Development  funds  will  be used by the Health Effects  Institute  (HEI)  to
conduct asbestos research.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency  obligated a  total of  $8,549,200  supported  by 64.0
total workyears for this program, of which $3,231,000 was from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $5,318,200  was  from  the Research  and Development
appropriation.    Twenty-three  reports  were  issued  in  the  following research
areas: methods  development;  biomarkers;  structure activity  relationships;  and
biotechnology.


ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests   a  total 'of  $2,950,400  supported  by  11.0  total
workyears for  this program,  of which  $636,900  will be  for the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation  and $2,313,500 will  be for the  Research and Development
appropriation.    This represents an increase  of  $13,500  in the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation  and-   $602,400   in  the   Research   and  Development^
appropriation.   There  is  no  change in total workyears.   The  increase  in  the
Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation reflects  increased personnel and support


                                9-17

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costs.  The increase in the Research and Development appropriation will be used
to fund additional research on asbestos, SARA Title III, and biotechnology.

     Perform  Engineering  Research in  Support  of TSCA.   Predictive techniques
for potential toxic releases  and exposures from processing  and manufacturing
new chemicals will be  developed.  Research  will focus  on priority dye-class
compounds,   as determined by  the  Interagency Testing  Committee,  for improving
their treatability in wastewater systems with respect to their toxicity.

     Perform  Research  in  Biotechnology.   A comprehensive risk-management model
will be developed  by completing  several industrial-process  and worker personal
protection  equipment evaluations  to support  the  TSCA PMN review  process.   An
effort will be initiated to investigate operator/process equipment interactions
and actual  plant data on  the source  and approximate  magnitude  of release and
worker exposure  will  be acquired.   Evaluation of this work  supports  the TSCA
requirement  to  evaluate biotechnology  products  for workplace  exposure during
manufacturing and processing.

     Perform  Research   on Community  Right-to-Know  Issues   (SARA  Title  III).
Industrial  scenarios  where  current  release estimation is  very difficult and
uncertain will be  identified.   These scenarios will be analyzed in an attempt
to  develop  three  levels of estimation  certainty  based  on  the  amount  of
information known.

     Perform  Asbestos  Research.    Research efforts  will focus  on identifying
factors that, must be  included in the  design  of abatement in  tall buildings,
improving  protocols  for  abatement  equipment and  materials  and  evaluating
decontamination techniques.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,334,500 supported by 11.0
total workyears  for this program, of  which $623,400  is  from  the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and  $1,711,100  is  from  the  Research and Development
appropriation.    The  1989  program  is  developing  information  on  release,
exposure and  control measures  for. new  and existing  chemicals  in the workplace,
particularly genetically engineered organisms.

1988 Accomplishments                                 .

     In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $2,619,400 supported by 9.5 total
workyears  for  this program,  of  which  $568,700 was  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and  $2,050,700  was from  the Research and Development
appropriation.    In 1988,  the final  clean-up phase  of abatement at  twenty
schools was evaluated and revealed that the areas were determined to be cleared
using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).


ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS

1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a   total  of  $10,470,700 supported by 85.5  total
workyears for this program,  of which  $5,429,300  will be for  the  Salaries and


                               9-18

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Expenses  appropriation  and $5,041,400  will be for the Research and Development
appropriation.      This   represents   increases   of   $61,400   and  $550,000,|
respectively,  and  a  decrease of  0.7  total  workyears.    The increase  in the
Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation  reflects  increased  personnel and support
costs.  The  increase  in the Research and Development appropriation will be used
to fund additional  biotechnology research  and purchase needed equipment for the
new Gulf  .Breeze  laboratory.   The workyear decrease reflects a consolidation of
resources for  the Regional  Scientists Program  within  the Interdisciplinary
media.

     Develop and Validate Test Methods  for TSCA  Studies.   This  research will
develop   and evaluate  test  methods   for   assessing   the  impact  of  existing
chemicals on aquatic  biota (freshwater and marine) and on habitat alterations.
Tests  on  bioavailability, on  comparisons  of hazard ranking  and of  single
.species effects   (e.g., carcinogenicity)  will  be  improved.   Short-term cancer
assays will  be developed.  Such information  will  directly support development
of TSCA Section  4 guidelines.

     Perform  Ecological  Research   Including  Transport.   Fate  and   Field
Validation.   Environmental process models will be developed based on toxicant
sources,  exposure  pathways,  exposed populations and  toxicant levels.   Methods
will  be  developed  to  determine  exposure transformation rates  and community
level  effects.    Terrestrial  investigations  will  focus  on bird  studies  with
regard  to  toxic effects  on  immunity and  the transfer mechanisms  of  toxic
effects   to  eggs and offspring.   This   research  will   support   the  TSCA. PMN
process and  Section 4 test rule development.

     Develop Structure  Activity Relationships Data.  This research will develop
and evaluate structure  activity relationships as predictors of a chemicals fate
and biological  effects.  Results of this  research will  provide a quick method
for predicting effects  of  new chemicals submitted  under TSCA Section 5 by using
existing  data for chemicals of similar structure.

     Perform Research  in  Biotechnology.   This research  will develop methods,
analytical  techniques and testing protocols  for estimating survival,  fate and
effects of genetically  altered microbes  and the stability within  their genetic
pool.  Methods  will be developed  for  detecting gene  persistence  and transfer.
This  information will  aid OTS in reviewing  PMN  applications  for products of
biotechnology.

    Perform  Studies  on Ecotoxicity  and Develop Environmental  Risk Assessment
Protocols.   Research  efforts  will  provide  mathematical integration of exposure
and effects  research.  Predictive models  and  methodology will  be subjected to
field  testing.   Ecosystem impacts and recovery potential  will  be determined.
These  environmental  risk assessment  methods  will  substantially  enhance  the
Agency's  ability to regulate chemicals under Sections 4 and 5 of TSCA.

     Provide Support  Services  for  TSCA  Activities.    Environmental  process
efforts will support  OTS on complex problems associated with the evaluations of
PMN chemicals, including products of biotechnology.
                                9-19

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1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency  is  allocating  a  total  of $9,859,300 supported by 86.2
total workyears for this  program, of which  $5,367,900  is  from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $4,491,400  is  from  the  Research and  Development
appropriation.   This  program  is developing  test methods  in support  of TSCA
Section  4  guidelines,  conducting  research  on  transport,  fate  and  field
validation, and developing structure-activity relationships data.   Work is also
being performed on the development of environmental risk assessment methods, as
well  as  research  to  determine  the  environmental  effects  of  genetically
engineered organisms.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the Agency obligated a  total of  $9,978,800 supported  by 85.4
total workyears for this program, of which $5,555,500 was  from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $4,423,300  was from  the Research and  Development
appropriation.    In  1988,  twenty-one major  reports were produced  across  six
research  areas,  including toxicant effects  on biota,  genetically  manipulated
organisms,   degradation  of   toxicants,   modeling   and  extrapolation   of
environmental data and SAR methods for predicting pollution impacts.
                               9-20

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Abatement and
   Control

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents


                                                                        Page

TOXIC SUBSTANCES                                                        9-1

ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
   Toxic Substances Financial Assistance 	 	 .9-21
      Asbestos-in-Schools Loans and Grants 	   9-23
      Asbestos-in-Schools Program Administration 	   9-24
      Asbestos-in-Schools Contractor and Inspector Certification .   . .   9-25
   Toxic Substances Strategies	   9-26
      Chemical Testing	;	9-28
      Existing Chemical Review ........	   9-29
      New Chemical Review. .......  	   9-32
      Asbestos-in-Buildings	9-33
      Regional Toxics Program	9-34
   OPTS Title III.	   9-36

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                                                   TOXIC SUBSTANCES
                                      Toxic Substances - Financial Assistance

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

PROGRAM
Asbestos-In-School -
Abatement Loans and
Grants
 Abatement Control and        $37,975.9  $45,000.0  $45,000.0             -$45,000.0
 Compliance
                       TOTAL  $37,975.9  $45,000.0  $45,000.0             -$45,000.0

Asbestos-In-School -
Program Administration
 Salaries & Expenses             $497.6     $559.2     $559.2                -$559.2
 Abatement Control and         $6,744,2   $4,520.0   $4,520.0              -$4,520.0
 Compliance
                       TOTAL   $7,241.8   $5,079.2   $5,079.2              -$5,079.2

Asbestos-In-School -
Contractor
Certification Program
 Abatement Control and         $5,996.3     $800.0     $800.0                -$800.0
 Compliance
                       TOTAL   $5,996.3     $800.0     $800.0                -$800.0


TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses             $497.6  '   $559.2     $559.2                -$559.2
 Abatement Control and        $50,716.4  $50,320.0  $50,320.0             -$50,320.0
 Compliance

Toxic Substances -     TOTAL  $51,214.0  $50,879.2  $50,879.2             -$50,879.2
Financial Assistance
                                      9-21

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                                                   TOXIC SUBSTANCES
                                      Toxic Substances - Financial Assistance

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Asbestos-In-School -
Program Administration

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
9.4
9.4
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
-11.0


-11.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Asbestos-In-School -
Program Administration

TOTAL WORKYEARS
9.8
9.8
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
-11.0
-11.0
                                      9-22

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                               TOXIC  SUBSTANCES
                     Toxic Substances Financial Assistance
Budget Request

     The  Agency  requests  no  funding  in  1990  under this  subactivity.   All
asbestos-related  funding for  1990  is  now  found within  the  Toxic  Substances
Strategies  subactivity,  under  the  Asbestos-in-Buildings program.   This  is a
decrease of $50,879,200 and 11.0 total workyears in this subactivity from 1989.
Of  the  decrease,  $559,200  is in the  Salaries and Expenses  appropriation and
$50,320,000 is in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.


ASBESTOS-IN-SCHOOLS LOANS AND GRANTS

1990 Program Request

     No .funds are  requested  for  this  program in  1990.    This  represents a
decrease of $45,000,000  in  the Abatement, Control  and Compliance appropriation
from 1989.   The  decrease reflects  the Agency's decision not  to request funds
for  loans and  grants for  asbestos  abatement in schools.    Previous  Federal
funding has already greatly  reduced  the need for further Federal intervention.
Over  $200,000,000 will  have  been  spent on the asbestos  problem  in  schools
through  1989.    Furthermore,  many  states  have  initiated  active  asbestos
management or contractor accreditation  programs  for schools  and should be able
to  continue  these  activities.   Hence,  the  Agency  believes  these  activities
should now be the responsibility of state and local governments.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the Agency  is allocating $45,000,000  for this  program,  all of
which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.

     The Agency will  administer  its  fifth loan and  grant award cycle under the
Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA)  to help local  education agencies
(LEAs) across  the nation to  abate  asbestos hazards.   The Agency will solicit
applications  from  schools,  award   grants   and loans  and  monitor  abatement
activities.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $37,975,900 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.

     The Agency awarded  $22,600,000  to  103  public school  districts and private
schools for  226  individual  abatement projects, mostly removals.    This brings
the total  for federal assistance from  1984  through 1988  to  over $150,000,000.
These funds were provided to approximately 650 LEAs for nearly 1,800 individual
abatement  projects.   When completed, these  EPA-funded projects will eliminate
approximately 13.3 million  exposure  hours to students and employees each week.
An  additional  $15,000,000  was  provided in 1988 to states  to  help  schools
conduct inspections  and develop asbestos management  plans under the Asbestos
Hazard Emergency Response Act  (AHERA).
                                9-23

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ASBESTOS-IN-SCHOOLS PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

1990 Program Request

     Funding  for  this  program  is  being  requested  under  the  Asbestos-in-
Buildings program  in  1990.   This transfer represents  decreases  of $559,200 in
the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation  and  $4,520,000  in  the  Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, and a decrease of 11.0 total workyears in
this subactivity from 1989.

1989 Program

     The Agency is allocating  a total of  $5,079,200 supported by  11.0 total
workyears  for  this  program,   of which  $559,200  is  from the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation  and $4,520,000  is  from  the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     In  1989,   this program will continue  to  focus  on AHERA  implementation.
Emphasis will  be  placed on providing  compliance  assistance  and guidance to
states and LEAs to  implement management plans which schools are required to put
into  effect by July  1989.   Course approvals  for accreditation of asbestos
abatement inspectors,  contractors and others  will  continue.  The Agency will
provide  technical  assistance to  school  officials and building  owners through
the  American  Association  of  Retired  Persons  (AARP),   including  close-out
inspections  of ASHAA  projects   from previous  years;  abatement counseling on
unfunded ASHAA  applicant projects; and evaluation of  potential  hazards in non-
school buildings.   The Agency  and  General Services Administration  (GSA) will
continue to work  together  on   improving the  management of  asbestos abatement
projects in Federal buildings.

     In  addition,   this  program  will provide  administrative  support  to  the
ASHAA  loan  and grant program.   Under this program,  EPA  solicits  applications
from  schools,  ranks applications  in terms of hazard and  financial need,  and
makes award determinations in consultation with  the states.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $7,241,800 supported by 9.8 total
workyears  for  this program,   of  which $497,600 was  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation  and $6,744,200  was  from  the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     The Agency implemented programs  to:    (1)  assist  states  and  schools in
complying  with  the new  AHERA  regulatory  standards  on  asbestos   inspection,
control, and abatement;  (2)  help states  establish AHERA accreditation programs
which  govern school  asbestos   inspections, management planning, and response
actions; and (3)  provide  compliance assistance  to enable  schools  to develop
appropriate,  responsible management plans  under AHERA.   Further,  the Agency
provided general  technical assistance to  school officials  and  other building
owners through  the  asbestos  information and  training  centers,  new guidance and
model  training course development,  and  outreach at  the  Regional level.   The
Agency developed and  submitted  a Report  to Congress containing recommendations
on  asbestos  in commercial and  public  buildings.   In  addition,  the  Agency and
GSA  initiated  a pilot Asbestos  in  Federal Buildings  project  to improve  the
management of asbestos abatement projects in Federal buildings.
                                9-24

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     The Agency also administered the ASHAA loan and grant program, and a grant
program to help schools conduct  inspections  and develop  management plans under
AHERA.
ASBESTOS-IN-SCHOOLS CONTRACTOR CERTIFICATION

1990 Program Request

     Funding  for  this  program  is  being  requested  under  the  Asbestos-in-
Buildings  program.    This  transfer represents  a decrease  of $800,000  in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation from 1989 in this subactivity.

1989 Program

     The  Agency is allocating  a total  of  $800,000 for  this program,  all  of
which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.

     The Agency will  continue to  encourage  state management,  accreditation and
training programs by developing model state legislation for asbestos management
and contractor certification and training programs.   EPA will provide technical
assistance  and   guidance   materials   to  help   state   officials  meet  AHERA
requirements and  will initiate an evaluation  of the AHERA schools program to
improve its administration and better determine its applicability to public and
commercial buildings.

1988 Accomplishments

     The Agency obligated a  total of $5,996,300  for this program, all of which
was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.  These funds were
used for 17 grants  to states for  inspector  certification and training programs
in compliance  with the EPA  Model  Accreditation Plan for  States,  published in
April 1987.   The Agency also collaborated  with the State  of Maryland and the
National  Conference of  State  Legislatures to  conduct  management  plan review
training for state officials.
                               9-25

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                                                   TOXIC SUBSTANCES
                                             Toxic Substances Strategies

PROGRAM
Chemical Testing
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Existing Chemical
Review
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
New Chemical Review
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Asbestos -In-Buildings -
Headquarters
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Regional Toxics Program
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

$4 , 544 . 2
$3,275.4

$7,819.6


$5,784.7
$6,285.1

$12,069.8

$12,010.7
$8,557.0

$20,567.7










$22,339.6
$18,117.5

. $4,155.0
$3,725.3

$7,880.3


$5,320.6
$5,904.8

$11,225.4

$12,417.9
$8,837.1

$21,255.0










$21,893.5
$18,467.2

$4,281.8
$3,219.7

$7,501.5


$5,473.7
$5,904.8

$11,378.5

$12,440.8
$8,564.1

$21,004.9










$22,196.3
$17,688.6

$4
$3

$7


$6
$5

$11

$13
$8

$22



$5

$6




$25
$23

,204
,162

,366


,068
,904

,973

,936
,564

,500


$606
,820

,426

$433
$433

,249
,451

.0
.2

.2


.9
.8

.7

.5
.1

.6


.9
.0

.9

.5
.5

.8
.1

-$77.
-$57.

-$135.


$595.


$595.

$1,495.


$1,495.


$606.
$5,820.

$6,426.

$433.
$433.

$3,053.
$5,762.

8
5

3


2


2

7


7


9
0

9

5
5

5
5
 Compliance

Toxic Substances
Strategies
TOTAL  $40,457.1  $40,360.7  $39,884.9  $48,700.9    $8,816.0
                                      '9-26

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                                                   TOXIC SUBSTANCES
                                             Toxic Substances Strategies

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PERMANENT WORKYEARS


Chemical Testing

Existing Chemical
Review

New Chemical Review

Asbestos-In-Buildings -
Headquarters

Regional Toxics Program

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
 78.4

111.6


246.7
 77.9       76.2

110.0      110.0
252.6
252.6
436.7
440.5
438.8
 76.2

110.0


252.6

 11.0


 10.0

459.8
11.0


10.0

21.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS


Chemical Testing

Existing Chemical
Review

New Chemical Review

Asbestos-In-Buildings -
Headquarters

Regional Toxics Program

TOTAL WORKYEARS
 80.4

114.8


253.6
 77.9

110.0


252.6
 76.2

110.0


252.6
448.8
440.5
438.8
 76.2

110.0


252.6

 11.0


 10.0

459.8
11,0


10,0

21.0
                                       9-27

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                               TOXIC SUBSTANCES
                          Toxic Substances Strategies
BudEet Request
     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $48,700,900  supported  by 459.8  total
workyears  for  1990,  an  increase  of $8,816,000  and 21.0 total workyears from
1989.   Of the  request,  $25,249,800 will  be  for  the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and $23,451,100 will be for the Abatement,  Control and Compliance
appropriation.   This is  an  increase  of  $3,053,500 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation   and   $5,762,500  in  the  Abatement,   Control  and  Compliance
appropriation.
CHEMICAL TESTING

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $7,366,200  supported  by  76.2  total
workyears  for  this program, of  which $4,204,000 will be  for  the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation  and $3,162,200 will be  for the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance  appropriation.   This   represents  a  decrease  of   $77,800  in  the
Salaries and  Expenses appropriation, a  decrease of $57,500 in the Abatement,
Control and  Compliance  appropriation, and no  change in  total  workyears.   The
decreases  reflect  a  significant  reduction in  the  backlog of  the  Interagency
Testing Committee's (ITC) testing recommendations from previous years.

     In 1990,  activities related to  the  Interagency  Testing Committee's (ITC)
recommendations will  include publication of 20 decisions, including eight final
actions.   Data development will  begin  on the  25th  and 26th ITC lists.   Test
rules  for  chemicals  identified by processes other than  the ITC will include a
final  multi-chemical  rule  for  the Office of  Drinking Water,   the  first final
Superfund  Amendments  and Reauthbrization Act  (SARA)  section 110 test  rule to
obtain  data on  chemicals  nominated by  the  Agency  for  Toxic  Substances  and
Disease Registry  (ATSDR)  whose  toxicity profiles indicate priority data needs,
and  a  second  proposed  SARA section 110 test rule.   The  SARA  section  110
chemicals  are  those  found  at  Superfund  sites.  Obtaining needed  data  will
facilitate  cleanup of  the  sites  and  help  to  protect  the  public from  the
potential  hazards  associated  with  these chemicals.    Section  4  of  TSCA is
identified  in  section  110 of SARA as  a  major mechanism  for  obtaining these
data.

     Work  will also  begin on  a multi-chemical  rule  to  cover specific Toxic
Release  Inventory  (SARA  Title  III  section 313)  chemicals.   This  rule  will
require  basic  health  and  environmental data  to  permit the  Environmental
Protection Agency  (EPA)  to  determine priorities for  further  data  development
and/or risk analysis  and  risk management.

     Data  being  developed under rules promulgated in  prior years will require
test program monitoring and review.   In many cases testing has been required on
a  "tiered" basis,  with  initial testing results  leading  to decisions either to
do  additional  specified  tests  or  to terminate any further testing.   Initial
data  sets  from  such tiered  testing schemes  will  be  reviewed to  determine
whether  further  testing  is  required.    Final studies  will   be  reviewed to
                               9-28

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determine  whether data  are  adequate or  whether  further review within  the
Existing Chemical program is warranted.  Data from the rule which requires test
data on  the  content  of dioxins and furans in products will be  evaluated and a
determination made as  to  whether further risk analysis  is  warranted under the
Existing Chemical program.

     A  procedural rule   for  expediting  test  standard  modification will  be
completed.   The  Agency will also review and update  published test guidelines,
which  are an  essential   part  of any test rule.    Following evaluation of  a
candidate list, two new test guidelines will be completed.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency  is allocating a  total  of $7,501,500  supported by 76.2
total workyears  for this  program, of  which  $4,281,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and $3,219,700  is  from  the Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     In 1989, the ITC testing program will publish initial testing decisions on
seven chemicals  from  the  21st and 22nd ITC lists.   Another 13  testing actions
on  ITC chemicals  will be  published, including eight  final  rules  requiring
testing to begin.

     The  non-ITC testing program  (for chemicals  identified  by  sources other
than the  ITC)  will  include a proposed multi-chemical rule for  the  Office of
Drinking  Water  to support  drinking  water advisories  and a  proposed rule  for
nonylphenol.   Work will  begin on assessing the need for chemical  testing of
former  pre-manufacture notice  (PUN)  chemicals now in  full  production.    A
procedural rule  for  expediting  test  standard modifications  will  be proposed.
Two new test guidelines will be completed.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency obligated  a total of $7,819,600  supported  by 80.4
total workyears for this program, of which $4,544,200 was from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and $3,275,400  was from  the Abatement, Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     During  1988,  testing actions were completed  on a  total of 15  chemicals.
Initial  decisions included three  chemicals on  the  19th  and  20th  ITC lists;
another 11 testing decisions  were published,  including  10  final rules and one
enforceable  consent  order.   Non-ITC  testing  actions resulted  in a  final test
rule  covering  33 chemicals  to  support  land  disposal decisions  under  the
Resource  Conservation  and  Recovery  Act  (RCRA).   One new test  guideline  was
published in 1988.  To date, a total of 102 test guidelines have been developed
covering 120 methodologies.


EXISTING CHEMICAL REVIEW

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests a  total  of $11,973,700  supported  by 110.0  total
workyears  for  this  program, of which $6,068,900 will be for the Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation and  $5,904,800 will be  for the  Abatement, Control  and
Compliance appropriation.   This  represents an  increase of  $595,200  for  the
Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation,   and no  change in  the Abatement,  Control
                               9-29

-------
and Compliance  appropriation or  total  workyears.    The  Salaries and  Expenses
increase reflects increased personnel and support costs.

     In  1990,  information  gathering  and  data  development  activities  will
continue to provide EPA and others with essential  data to support various risk
assessment, regulatory and hazard communication  functions  at both the  national
and Regional  levels.  Eleven information gathering  rules,  including amendments
to  the  Comprehensive Assessment  Information Rule  (CAIR), will  be published.
The program will  continue  to coordinate and publicize collection of the Toxic
Substances Control Act (TSCA) information and data bases to increase utility of
this  unique,  unpublished  data.    By  1990,  two  years of toxic release  data
collected  under section 313 of  SARA Title III  is expected  to give  EPA new
insights into possible exposure to existing toxic chemicals.   The screening of
these  data  should  begin  to  generate  candidates  for  further  information
gathering, data development  and risk  assessment.  Headquarters staff will work
with Regions to develop cross-media risk screening and assessment methodologies
appropriate for evaluating  the  section 313 data.   The Agency will continue to
review and take appropriate action on TSCA section 8(e) and voluntary "for your
information"  (FYI)  notices, incorporating  the  toxic  release   data  wherever
appropriate.  In  addition,  EPA will  continue  to  work with the Agency for Toxic
Substances and  Disease Registry (ATSDR)  on  SARA  section  110 data gaps and play
a  substantial  role in a national and international cooperative  effort in the
assessment of existing chemicals.

     In 1990, priority attention  will be given to those  existing chemicals for
which there  is maximum  potential for  reduction  of environmental  and general
population risks.  Work  on  regulatory options analysis will begin for products
found under  our  TSCA section  4  rule  to be  significantly  contaminated  with
chlorinated   dioxins  and   furans.    The  program  will   also   complete  the
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB)  rule proposed in 1989 and evaluate the need for
additional rulemakings  to  address scrapping and  salvaging of PCB-contaminated
equipment and the  disposal  of fluff  from shredding  operations.  Implementation
of  the permit provisions of  the asbestos ban/phase  out rule will begin and PCB
exemption and permit activities will continue.  Headquarters will also continue
to  maintain and  to  provide Regional offices with access  to the  PCB Permit
Clearinghouse.

     Resources have been provided  to continue the National Human Adipose Tissue
Survey  in 1990 at  a level  which is consistent  with  past  levels  of  funding,
pending the  recommendations of an evaluation being conducted by the  National
Academy of Sciences in 1989.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the Agency  is allocating a total  of  $11,378,500  supported by
110.0  total  workyears   for  this  program,  of  which  $5,473,700  is  from the
Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation  and  $5,904,800  is  from  the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.

     In 1989, TSCA information gathering activities will continue to generate a
significant amount of  data on existing  chemicals.   The  Agency will propose or
finalize nine information  gathering  rules..  Some of these rules, particularly
the section  8(a)  CAIR,  will provide  data collection on  multiple chemicals for
EPA and other interested Federal agencies.  The Existing Chemicals program will
screen  and quickly disseminate to the  appropriate  audience  section  8(e) and
voluntary  "for-your-information"   notices;  we will closely  review data  that
indicate multi-media environmental or high  non-occupational exposure concerns.
                                9-30

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We  will  expand our  risk  assessment services  to  the EPA  Regions,  drawing
significantly on TSCA and Title III section 313 data to address Regional health
and ecological  issues.   We will continue to assist  ATSDR  with the development
of toxicological profiles under SARA section 110.

     In  1989,  PCBs,  asbestos,  formaldehyde, and  chlorinated solvents  will  be'
subject  to  risk  management  analysis or  action.    The PCB  notification  and
manifesting  rule  will be  finalized,  enabling the Agency  to better  track  the
disposal of  PCB wastes and obtain  information  on  the companies that handle and
store PCB wastes prior to  disposal;  a proposed PCB permit  revocation rule will
establish criteria and procedures  for revocation  of PCB permits  issued under
TSCA; the  rule regarding  PCB  petitions  for exemptions will be  completed;  and
the Asbestos Ban and  Phase Out Rule  will be completed.   Options selection will
be  completed  on  metal   cleaning,   aerosols  and  paint   stripping  uses   of
chlorinated  solvents  and  on  formaldehyde  used in wood products.   Rulemaking
will  be initiated  for  the evaluation  of  the metals  recycling  industry  and
control of PCBs, lead  and  other contaminants found in both shredded metals and
fluff.   Headquarters will  also continue to maintain and  to  provide Regional
offices with access to the PCB Permit Clearinghouse.

     An  evaluation  of the National  Human  Adipose  Tissue  Survey  and  related
blood network  will  be conducted by  the  National  Academy of Sciences (NAS)  in
1989.   NAS  will  evaluate  past  applications  and  possible  future uses  of  the
Survey,  placing  it in the context of overall Federal efforts  to monitor  the'
general  population's  exposure  to  various toxicants.    Decisions  regarding
appropriate  activities  and funding  levels  for the  Survey in 1990  and beyond
will be made after the completion of the NAS evaluation.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency  obligated  a total of $12,069,800 supported by 114.8
total workyears for this program,  of which  5,784,700 was from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and $6,285,100  was from  the  Abatement,   Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     In 1988,  14 proposed   or  final  information gathering  section 8 or section
5(a) rules were promulgated.   The  section 8(a) CAIR  was completed.  The Agency
received 601 reports under section 8(a)  and section  8(d);  and 417 section 8(e)
or  FYI  notices.   A  program   to  use TSCA data   to respond  to  risk  related
questions from the Regions was fully implemented.   Preliminary risk assessments
on 15 chemicals and detailed risk assessments on two chemicals were conducted.

     Completed risk management actions included options selection on commercial
uses  of asbestos;  a  proposed  rule  on  PCB  notification  and  manifesting;  a
proposed  rule  regarding  petitions  for  exemptions   for  the  manufacture,
processing  or  distribution in  commerce of  PCBs;  options selection   on  dry
cleaning  uses  of  chlorinated  solvents;   a  final  rule   placing  additional
restrictions and conditions on the  use  of  PCB transformers; and  a final rule
for deregulating equipment and products contaminated with PCBs at less than the
regulatory threshold  of  50 parts per million.   A  PCB Permit  Clearinghouse  was
established  to  serve  as  a  centralized source  of   information  for  the Regions,
and  guidance  was  developed   for  the Regions on  permitting   of  alternative
technologies fcr PCB destruction.
                                9-31

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NEW CHEMICAL REVIEW

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total of  $22,500,600  supported by 252.6  total
workyears for  this  program,  of which $13,936,500 will be  for the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and $8,564,100 will be  for the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance appropriation.   This represents an  increase  of $1,495,700  for the
Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation,  and no  change in the Abatement,  Control
and Compliance appropriation or total workyears.   The  increase in Salaries and
Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs.

     In 1990, we  estimate  receipt  of  approximately 3,000  new chemical notices.
We will continue  to subject new chemicals to a thorough  review which includes
an emphasis  on exposure  concerns.   About  5  percent  of  the  PMN reviews will
result  in some type  of action to  develop  data  through  testing  or  to reduce
risks through formal or voluntary control actions.  Testing of new chemicals is
usually obtained  through section 5(e) consent  orders  which  establish triggers
on production  levels  at which the testing must be  performed.   Reviews of test
data produced  by  previous testing arrangements will be conducted to determine
if further  action should  be  taken on the chemical.   The majority  of notices
will  be  subject  to  the  user  fee  rule  published   in  1988,  generating
approximately $4,800,000 in revenues for deposit into the General Fund.

     The  Agency  will   fully   implement  the   Significant  New  Use  Program.
Significant New Use Rules (SNURs)  close the loop  on control  actions for those
new  chemicals  subject  to  section  5 consent orders.   Whereas a  consent order
covers  only  the  submitter  of  the  original  PMN,  a  SNUR  covers  all  other
potential manufacturers,  importers, or processors.   These  rules  also allow the
Agency  to place controls  on  certain  other  chemicals not  subject to a section
5(e) order  that have the potential to pose problems if not  limited to certain
production  levels or uses.   Implementation involves writing and promulgating
significant  new  use notices  and,  when needed,   modifying   or   revoking  the
conditions  of  a  specific  SNUR and  responding  to requests  for approval  of
alternative control measures.

     By 1990,  the number of biotechnology notices  requiring  review and action
by EPA  is expected  to grow significantly.   The  majority of this growth will be
in notices dealing  with deliberate  release  of engineered  microorganisms to the
environment  through  field experiments  and commercial  use.    The  review  of
biotechnology  products  poses  unique risk  and  exposure  concerns.    EPA will
Involve outside experts in the biotechnology review process  and will continue
efforts to  facilitate public understanding  of  and  participation  in the review
of biotechnology  products, particularly those  involving field releases.

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the  Agency is  allocating  a total  of $21,004,900  supported by
252.6  total workyears  for  this  program,  of  which $12,440,800  is  from the
Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation  and  $8,564,100  is  from  the  Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.

     In 1989, the Agency will continue an effective new chemical review program
to ensure that any unreasonable health  and environmental risks  are addressed
before a new chemical enters the marketplace.   Approximately 2,800 new chemical
notices  are  expected;  about  5 percent of  these  new chemicals will  result in
testing to develop needed  data or formal or voluntary control actions to reduce


                                9-32

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risk.  A  fee to new chemical submitters to partially  defray the cost of these
reviews  took effect  in  October 1988;  those  fees  are  expected  to  generate
approximately $4,200,000 in revenues for deposit into the General Fund.

     The  Agency will promulgate  the  expedited significant  new  use procedural
rule.  Once this more  efficient  follow-up mechanism is  in  place,  the program
will be able to subject more new chemicals to significant new use control.  The
program will also  review and take action  on  test  studies received as a result
of section 5(e) consent orders with testing triggers.

     In  1989,   the Agency  will  publish  final rules  covering  biotechnology
product review and reporting under TSCA.  The rules include procedures covering
submission of notices for field releases of living microorganisms and a section
5 SNUR for  certain microorganisms released to the  environment.   An increase in
notices is  expected, reflecting the continued rapid  development  of the market.
The  program will  take  steps  to facilitate  adequate peer  review and public
participation in reviews.


1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the  Agency obligated a  total of $20,567,700  supported by 253.6
total workyears  for  this program, of  which $12,010,700  was from the Salaries
and  Expenses appropriation  and  $8,557,000 was from  the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance appropriation.

     Receipt of new chemical notices  reached a high  of over 3,000;  over 700
notices were received in  the  last month of the fiscal year before the user fee
took  effect in  late September.   EPA reviewed public   comments  on  the 1987
proposed  procedural  rule for expedited  significant  new  use.  The Agency alsoi
published the final rule to implement a user fee for new chemical reviews.

     The  Agency  reviewed 13 biotechnology notices.  These reviews resulted in
the   issuance   of   three   section  5(e)   consent   orders.    Development  of
biotechnology rules continued, as did coordination with other Federal agencies,
the private sector, and international organizations.


ASBESTOS-IN-BUILDINGS

1990 Program Request

   "• The  Agency  requests  a total  of $6,426,900  supported  by  11.0  total
workyears  for  this program of which  $606,900 will be   for the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $5,820,000 will be  for the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance  appropriation.    This  represents  an  increase  of $606,900  for  the
Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation,  an  increase  of  $5,820,000  for  the
Abatement, Control and  Compliance appropriation, and an  increase of 11.0 total
workyears.   The increase in  Salaries  and Expenses  and workyears reflects the
transfer  of resources   previously  shown  in  the  Asbestos-in-Schools  Program
Administration  program.   The increase  in Abatement,  Control  and Compliance
results from the transfer of  resources  previously  shown  under the Asbestos-in-
Schools  Program  Administration  and  Contractor  Certification  programs  and
increased  resources  to  address  recommendations  made in the  1988 Report  to
Congress on asbestos in commercial and public buildings.
                               9-33

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     In 1990,  EPA will conduct close-out  site evaluations on  Asbestos  School
Hazard Abatement  Act  (ASHAA)  loan and grant projects awarded  in 1987 and 1988
and monitor projects awarded in 1989.  Technical assistance services, including
a monthly  average of  1,200 assistance contacts  by phone, letter,  or visits,
will be provided  through  AARP personnel.   The  Agency will continue to provide
technical assistance and guidance documents to assist schools in complying with
Asbestos Hazard Emergency  Response  Act (AHERA) rules, and offer counsel about
AHERA  requirements  to school  officials,  particularly  those  with  abatement
projects that have not been addressed through the ASHAA loan and grant program.

     The  AHERA  schools  program will involve  a  variety  of  implementation
activities,  including  new  training  materials  for  special  operations  and
maintenance  activities in schools  and a parent/teacher  guide  to  asbestos.
Another  major  activity  will  be  helping states  improve  and  expand  their
accreditation  programs, which they  are required  to establish  under AHERA,  and
other state management programs affecting schools.

     In 1990,  the program  will  complete the final studies in the evaluation of
the  AHERA schools  program and  report on  the  potential  applicability  of  the
schools program to commercial and public buildings.  The Agency will also use
additional  resources to  carry out  other  recommendations  from the  Report to
Congress  on  asbestos   in  commercial  and  public buildings.    These include:
encouraging  an increase in the supply of qualified experts  through one-time
grants to States;  thermal  system insulation asbestos abatement training, course
materials and  guidance; and a worker training program for public buildings. EPA
public  and  commercial buildings  efforts  in  1990  will  produce  considerable
amounts of information  regarding methods and strategies for addressing asbestos
problems in  these buildings.

     EPA  will continue to jointly sponsor with the Health  Effects Institute
(HEI)  the research  program  started  in 1989.    Studies  will  be  conducted to
develop  improved data  on  exposure  to   asbestos  in  public   and   commercial
buildings  and to  evaluate  various  mitigation methods.    This  program includes
funding  contributions   from a variety  of private interests,  including current
and  former  product manufacturers,  realtors,  building  owners and managers,
mortgage bankers,  labor organizations and.environmental groups.

1989 Program

     This  is a new program element in 1990.  In  1989 activities to support the
ASHAA  and AHERA   programs  were contained  in  the  Asbestos-in-Schools Program
Administration and Contractor Certification program elements.

1988 Accomplishments

     This  is a new program element in 1990.  In  1988 activities to  support the
ASHAA  and AHERA   programs  were contained  in  the  Asbestos-in-Schools Program
Administration and Contractor Certification program elements.


REGIONAL TOXICS PROGRAM

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a total of $433,500 supported by 10.0  total workyears
for  this  program,  all   of  which  will  be  for  the   Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.     This  represents  an  increase  of  $433,500   and  10.0  total


                                9-34

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workyears,  reflecting  the  establishment  of   a   new  Regional  presence  to
coordinate and administer toxic substances regulatory programs.

     In 1990, EPA will  establish  a  toxic  substances presence in the Regions to
enhance implementation of TSCA programs and facilitate the development of state|
programs.   In  this  decentralization effort,  Regional personnel  will provide
expertise  and  perspective in  implementing  Headquarters program policy  on the
TSCA regulation of polychlorinated biphenyls  (PCBs) and encourage  and assist
states in assuming AHERA and PCS program responsibilities.

     The  extensive  regulation  of PCBs generates  a significant,  ongoing need
for  guidance and  interpretation of  existing  regulations   including  disposal
requirements.   The program  will also  provide  technical  and  risk  assessment
support for unanticipated local PCB issues,  one example of which is the need to
monitor the  waste  from the  shredding  of household  appliances  (fluff) for the
presence of PCBs.

     The Regions will also encourage states to assume Asbestos Hazard Emergency
Response  Act  (AHERA)  program  responsibilities;  assist  states in  developing
programs  for the  accreditation  of  asbestos professionals;  review and grant
state  waiver  proposals  under AHERA,  and provide  technical  assistance  to'
commercial and public building owners to ensure nationally consistent and sound
environmental policies.

1989 Program

     No resources are being  allocated for this  program in 1989.  This is a new
program in 1990.

1988 Accomplishments

     No resources are being  allocated for this  program in 1988.  This is a new
program in 1990.
                               9-35

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                                                    TOXIC SUBSTANCES
                                                     OPTS Title  III

                                 ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                  1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                        1989                1990 VS 1989
 PROGRAM
                                                (DOLLARS  IN THOUSANDS)
 OPTS Title III
  Salaries & Expenses
  Abatement Control and
  Compliance
  Hazardous Substances
  Superfund
                        TOTAL
        $1,898.2   $3,260.5   $3,005.0   $2,102.9
        $5,927.6   $7,554.1   $7,554.1  $10,904.1

          $105.0

        $7,930.8  $10,814.6  $10,559.1  $13,007.0
                                   -$902.1
                                  $3,350.0
                                  $2,447.9
 TOTAL:
  Salaries & Expenses
  Abatement Control and
  Compliance
  Hazardous Substances
  Superfund

 OPTS Title III
        $1,898.2
        $5,927.6

          $105.0
$3,260.5   $3,005.0   $2,102.9     -$902.1
$7,554.1   $7,554.1  $10,904.1    $3,350.0
TOTAL   $7,930.8  $10,814.6  $10,559.1  $13,007.7    $2,447.9
PERMANENT WORKYEARS


 OPTS Title III

 TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
            28.4

            28.4
    40.3

    40.3
40.3

40.3
40.9

40.9
.6

.6
 TOTAL WORKYEARS


 OPTS  Title III

 TOTAL WORKYEARS
            29.9

            29.9
    40.9

    40.9
40.9

40.9
40.9

40.9
                                       9-36

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                               TOXIC SUBSTANCES
                                OPTS Title III
Budget Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $13,007,000  supported by  40.9  total
workyears for 1990, an  increase  of  $2,447,900  and no change in total workyears
from 1989.   Of this  amount,  $2,102,900  will be for  the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and $10,904,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.   This represents a  decrease  of $902,100  in the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation  and an increase of  $3,350,000 in the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.


OPTS TITLE III

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $13,007,000  supported by  40.9  total
workyears for  this program,  of  which  $2,102,900 will be  for  the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation  and $10,904,100  will be for  the  Abatement,  Control and
Compliance  appropriation.    This  represents  a decrease  of  $902,100 in  the
Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation,  an  increase  of  $3,350,000  in  the
Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  appropriation,   and  no  change   in  total
workyears.   The  decrease in  Salaries  and Expenses  reflects  the  completion of
initial  efforts,   funded  in  1989  with  monies targeted  for  this  purpose,  to
process  industry  data  submissions  and  provide technical  guidance  to Regional
offices.  The  increase  in the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance appropriation
will  support grants  to states   to  quality assure the  Toxic  Release  Inventory
(TRI) data base,  Headquarters data  quality efforts initiated in 1989, and data
analyses.

     In  1990, chemical  release  information on  1987 and 1988 emissions gathered
under section 313  of  Title III  of the Superfund Amendmends and Reauthorization
Act  (SARA) will  be available to the Regions,  states,  and the  public.  A total
of  150,000  reports  will  be  processed:  50,000   reports  from  the  July  1989
reporting  cycle   and  100,000 of the 200,000  reports  expected in  July  1990.
Making  these  data available  through the EPA and  public databases,  and through
other means, continues  to be  a  primary  objective of this program.   The program
will complete a section 313 rule on peak releases, revise the list of  chemicals
covered, provide  technical  support  to other EPA  offices  engaged  in Title III
activities, and review  petitions and trade secret  claims.

     Using additional resources  in 1990,  EPA will  conduct a cost effective data
quality  program  that will continue  a multi-level approach to  identifying and
correcting  errors  in  the data  submitted.    This process includes   automated
screening  of  all  forms  to  identify  both  obvious  errors  and  questionable
responses;  generate  error  notices  to  firms  submitting  forms  with obvious
errors;  target detailed followup on questionable responses;  and target on-site
technical audits.   The  proposed  budget  includes both the direct costs of these
quality  reviews  and the  cost  of  re-entering corrected  data  into the  TRI
system.
                                9-37

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      In 1990,  the Regions will continue  to assist facilities  that need help
in reporting accurately, including facilities subject to reporting requirements
for  the  first  time  due to  decreasing reporting thresholds  set forth  in the
statute.   Regional outreach  to  the  regulated community is an important part of
our  overall data  quality program  because  annual  changes  in  thresholds  forj
reporting add to the universe of covered facilities.   By 1990, facilities will
be more  aware  of section  313 requirements,  and will turn to  the Regions with
increasing   frequency   for  advice  and  assistance   on  meeting   reporting
requirements.   In  addition,  public awareness and availability of the TRI data
will create  increased  demand by state and local  governments  for assistance in
using and understanding the data.   Additional resources will enable the Regions
to  develop  state  communication   networks   to  provide  responses   to  these
inquiries.    Headquarters will provide  some  basic  materials  and  training
programs which will aid all users of the section 313 data.

     Resources  in 1990 will  also be used to  provide seed money to states under
section  28  of  TSCA.    The  seed  money will  support  the use of  available
information  resources  in  identifying  multi-media  toxics issues  that  are most
appropriately managed  at  the  state  or  local  level.    These  one-to-two year
grants will support state activities aimed at utilizing  information  from  a
variety  of  exposure  and  release  data  bases,  'including state  air  and water
permits,   RCRA   manifests  and bienniel reports, compliance  records  and toxic
chemical  specific  ambient monitoring  data,  as well as Title  III  submissions
under section 313.  Although the section 313 data provide a unique multi-media
emissions   database,   these  data   need   to   be  supplemented  by  information
available  from  one or  more  of the  other  databases because of  limitations in
coverage,  data  quality  and degree  of  detail  reported.    States  will  be
encouraged  to   compare information  across  databases  to identify  information
inconsistencies and  gaps  that  need  to  be  addressed  through  additional data
collection  as well as to  build linkages that  would facilitate analyses usingj
multiple  data   resources.    These  activities will  allow states to  develop  a
multi-media  perspective on significant sources  of risk,  and set priorities for
in-depth reviews.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,559,100 supported by 40.9
total workyears for this program, of which $3,005,000  is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $7,554,100  is  from  the   Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     In  1989,   the first  chemical  release   information gathered  under SARA
section  313  will  be   made  available  to   the public,  Regions  and  states.
Approximately 150,000  emissions reports  are  expected in July  1989,  100,000 of
which will  be  processed by  the end of  the  fiscal  year.   Data quality checks
will include computerized  edit  checks to detect both  so-called "fatal" errors
(those which prevent data entry)  and  other  serious omissions  and errors.  The
edit checks  will  generate notices  of noncompliance to  facilities and lead to
subsequent  resubmission  of  corrected  data on  approximately  25,000  forms.
Computerized identification  of  suspect technical errors  will be used to target
detailed technical audits on 1,000 reports, and on-site technical audits at 200
facilities.

     The Regions will  continue  to  disseminate information and provide training
on reporting requirements, concentrating their efforts  on facilities  subject to|
reporting   requirements  for the   first  time  due to  decreasing   reporting
thresholds set  forth in the statute.  The Regions  will  also assist Headquarters
                               9-38

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in evaluating  and making  any necessary amendments  to the reporting  form and
associated guidance materials.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency  obligated a  total of  $7,930,800 supported  by 29.9
total workyears for this program, of which $1,898,200 was from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation,   $5,927,600  was   from   the  Abatement,   Control  and
Compliance  appropriation,   and  $105,000  was  from  the  Hazardous  Substance
Superfund appropriation.

     The  Agency made  significant  progress toward  program implementation  in
1988.   The  Agency  published the final section 313  emissions  inventory rule in
January  1988.    The first reporting cycle generated 70,000  reports  on 1987
emissions.  An operational  framework to  support  the information management and
dissemination requirements  of section  313  was put  in place.    This framework
included  a  processing center,  an  Agency  database,  and a  public  database
arranged through the National Library of Medicine.  Provisions were made at the
processing center to allow  special  access  to the  data prior to availability by
computerized systems.  The  Agency assisted state officials  in   preparation for
public   inquiries   through  development  and  distribution  of  informational
materials.   Outreach  activities were  conducted  through  Regional  personnel,
regional American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) staff,  and Headquarters
staff.    These  activities  included   written  guidance,  training  sessions,
workshops, public meetings  for Federal,  state and  local  officials,  as well as
for  industry and environmental  groups.   Twenty petitions were  received for
Agency decisions to list or delist chemicals and technical support was provided
to other EPA offices engaged in Title III activities.
                               9-39

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Enforcement

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents


                                                                        Page

TOXIC SUBSTANCES                                                        9-1

ENFORCEMENT
   Toxic Substances Enforcement.	  9-40
      Toxic Substances Enforcement 	 	  9-41
      Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants	9-43
   OPTS Title III Enforcement.  ....	  9-44

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                                                   TOXIC SUBSTANCES
                                             Toxic Substances Enforcement

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989                1990 VS  1989
PROGRAM
                                                (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Toxic Substances
Enforcement
  Salaries & Expenses
  Abatement Control and
  Compliance
Toxic Substances
Enforcement Grants
 .Abatement Control and
 Compliance
                       TOTAL
        $7,762.0   $7,808.0   $7,805.1   $8,433.5      $628.4
        $1,999.2   $2,015.5   $1,992.1   $2,884.3      $892.2
                       TOTAL    $9,761.2   $9,823.5   $9,797.2  .$11,317.8     $1,520.6
        $2,271.1   $2,200.0   $2,200.0   $3,200.0    $1,000.0

        $2,271.1   $2,200.0   $2,200.0   $3,200.0    $1,000.0
TOTAL:
  Salaries &  Expenses
  Abatement Control and
  Compliance

Toxic  Substances
Enforcement
        $7,762.0   $7,808.0   $7,805.1   $8,433.5      $628.4
        $4,270.3   $4,215.5   $4,192.1   $6,084.3    $1,892.2
TOTAL  $12,032.3  $12,023.5  $11,997.2  $14,517.8    $2,520.6
 PERMANENT WORKYEARS


 Toxic  Substances
 Enforcement

 TOTAL  PERMANENT WORKYEARS

 TOTAL  WORKYEARS
           164.4
           164.4
174.7
174.7
173.9
173.9
183.0
183.0
9.1
9.1
 Toxic  Substances
 Enforcement

'TOTAL  WORKYEARS
           179.9"
           179.9
184.3
184.3
183.0
183.0
183.0
183.0
                                       9-40

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                               TOXIC SUBSTANCES
                         Toxic Substances Enforcement
Budget Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of $14,517,800 and  183.0  total workyears for
1990, an increase of $2,520,600 and no change in total workyears from 1989.  Of
the  request,  $8,433,500 will be  for  the Salaries and  Expenses appropriation,
and $6,084,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This  represents  an  increase   of  $628,400   in  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation,  and  an  increase  of $1,892,200  in the  Abatement,  Control and
Compliance appropriation.


TOXIC SUBSTANCES ENFORCEMENT

1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of $11,317,800 and  183.0  total workyears for
this  program,  of which  $8,433,500  will be  for  the  Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation and $2,884,300 will be  for the Abatement,  Control and Compliance
appropriation.  This  represents   an  increase  of  $628,400  for  Salaries  and
Expenses, an  increase of  $892,200 in  Abatement,  Control and Compliance,  and no
change  in  total  workyears.   The  increase in  Salaries and Expenses  reflects
increased personnel and support  costs.   The  increase  in Abatement,  Control and
Compliance will support enhanced enforcement and inspection tracking systems.

     In  1990,  Regional  personnel  will conduct  compliance   inspections  and
provide  case  development specifically  targeted  at  polychlorinated  biphenyl
(PCB) disposal sites and broker/transporter/storer facilities,  while continuing
to  emphasize  asbestos  inspections  at  local  education  agencies  or  asbestos
contractors   under   the  Asbestos  Hazard  Emergency  Response  Act  (AHERA).
Inspections in support of the PCB ban, marking and disposal rules will continue
to  receive  strong  emphasis.    The  Regions  will  also  conduct  compliance
inspections in  support  of existing  Toxic Substances  Control Act (TSCA)  rules,
although many PCB inspections and most asbestos  compliance  inspections will be
conducted either  under  contract or through cooperative  enforcement agreements
with state agencies.

     Regional staff  will  participate  in the laboratory  data  integrity program
by conducting good laboratory practices  (CLP)  inspections  at  laboratories that
perform  toxic substances  testing.    The Regional offices will also  conduct
compliance  inspections  in support  of Section 5  new  chemical  regulations and
Section  8  reporting rules.  The total number of  Section 5  investigations has
been reduced  to allow for more  detailed and thorough  investigations  and more
time for complex  Section  5 technical  case reviews.   It is anticipated that new
programs for  monitoring compliance  with new  Section  6 control regulations on
asbestos and hexavalent chromium will also be initiated.

     Headquarters manages the  national toxic  substances enforcement  program
through  guidance to and periodic  reviews  of  Regional  programs,  including
on-site program evaluations.   Headquarters also manages a cooperative agreement
with the American Association  of Retired Persons  (AARP) to conduct compliance
monitoring  inspections   in  support   of the  asbestos-in-schools   rule,   and
                               9-41

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exercises  overall  authority   in   conducting   the   Agency's  laboratory  data
integrity program.  EPA will continue to conduct full-scale audits of completed
test studies submitted  to  the  Agency, and inspections of  testing laboratories
to verify  compliance with  good laboratory  practices.   Both the Regions  and
Headquarters will  also prepare  and issue notices  of noncompliance  and civilj
administrative complaints and will  provide technical assistance  and support as
necessary to the Office of  Enforcement  and Compliance Monitoring (OECM) in the
prosecution of civil and criminal cases.

     In 1990 increased extramural funding will be utilized to obtain contractor
support to  assist in priority  compliance  areas.   These are:   sample analysis
for PCBs,  asbestos, and Section 5 chemicals;  inspection support for the section
6  existing chemicals  compliance  program;   case  processing  support  for  TSCA
subpoena/investigatory  reviews  and   TSCA   enforcement   reviews,    and   the
development of  program guidance and summary materials  to assist Regions  and
states in setting  priorities and carrying put  necessary  compliance activities.
The increased  funds  will  be managed by Headquarters personnel  in centralized
contracts which will  provide  support for both Headquarters  and  the  Regions in
carrying out program functions.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the Agency  is  allocating a  total of $9,797,200  and  183 total
workyears  for   this  program,   of which  $7,805,100  is  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation and $1,992,100  is  from  the Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     The Regions  are  conducting inspection programs  to  determine  compliance
with TSCA rules.   The Regions are  also providing assistance to  firms that are
either seeking  to comply  voluntarily with TSCA requirements, or  that wish toj
take remedial actions to achieve compliance.  The Regional offices are preparing
and  issuing notices  of  noncompliance and  civil  administrative orders,  and
developing and prosecuting  cases when compliance  is  not  achieved.  Oversight of
the  cooperative  enforcement  agreement  program,  review  and  approval  of  PCB
landfills and unique-design stationary  PCB incinerators, and PCB site disposal
monitoring are also responsibilities  of the  Regional offices.   New programs in
1989 include enforcement of AHERA and PCB storage and disposal requirements.

     In  addition  to   providing  overall  program   guidance  and  management,
Headquarters is managing  the  laboratory data integrity program  and  conducting
audits  of   test  studies  submitted  to  the  Agency  under  TSCA  testing rules.
Headquarters staff are managing the AARP  cooperative agreement  that supports
compliance  monitoring  inspections   under   the  asbestos-in-schools  program.
Headquarters is  also participating  in  regulation development directed by the
Office of  Toxic  Substances,  and preparing  enforcement  response  policies  and
compliance monitoring strategies for newly developed regulations.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the Agency  obligated a  total  of $9,761,200  supported  by 179.9
total workyears for this program, of which $7,762,000 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,999,200 was  from  the Abatement,  Cpntrol  and
Compliance appropriation.

     In 1988 the program conducted compliance inspections,  data processing,  and
scientific review  of  data  audits.    The Regional offices  conducted  compliance
inspections in  support  of  existing TSCA rules, placing particular emphasis on


                               9-A2

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FOB and  asbestos-in-schools inspections under  Section 6.   Upon  detection of
violations, including  those originating from state-conducted  inspections,  the
Regional staff  developed  and prosecuted enforcement cases.  The  Agency issued
administrative  orders  in  607 cases,  issued  898 notices of  noncompliance,  and
referred six civil cases to the Department of Justice.


TOXIC SUBSTANCES ENFORCEMENT GRANTS

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a total of $3,200,000 for  this program,  all of which
will  be  for  the  Abatement,   Control  and  Compliance  appropriation.    This
represents an increase of $1,000,000 to allow an additional seven to ten states
to  participate  in  the  PCB  and  asbestos  enforcement cooperative  agreement
program.   Currently, 22 states  participate  in  this program,  which emphasizes
compliance  monitoring  of  chemical control  rules,  particularly  for  PCBs  and
asbestos.   The  increase  reflects  the program's  commitment to building state
capabilities,  and will  support an  additional  750  compliance inspections in
critical program areas.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency  is allocating  a  total  of $2,200,000 for this program,
all of which  is  from the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  appropriation.
These  funds  support  state-conducted  toxic  substances compliance  monitoring,
programs  in 22  states.    These state  programs  focus on  Section 6  chemical
control rules, particularly PCB and asbestos compliance monitoring.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency  obligated a  total of $2,271,100  for this program,  all
of which was  from the  Abatement,  Control  and Compliance  appropriation.  These
funds supported state  cooperative  enforcement agreement programs  in 21 states.
These  states  conducted  1022  asbestos-in-schools  inspections  and  792  PCB
inspections.
                               9-43

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                                                   TOXIC SUBSTANCES
                                              OPTS Title III Enforcement

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
OPTS Title III
Enforcement
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
                       TOTAL
$315.8     $421.1     $424.6     $512.3       $87.7
         $1,500.0   $1,481.2   $2,481.2    $1,000.0

$315.8   $1,921.1   $1,905.8   $2,993.5    $1,087.7
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance

OPTS Title III        TOTAL
Enforcement
$315.8 -    $421.1     $424.6     $512.3       $87.7
         $1,500.0   $1,481.2   $2,481.2    $1,000.0
$315.8   $1,921.1   $1,905.8   $2,993.5    $1,087.7
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
OPTS Title III
Enforcement

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
   6.8
   6.8
10.9
10.9
10.9
10.9
11.0
11.0
.1
.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OPTS Title III
Enforcement

TOTAL WORKYEARS
   7.8
   7.8
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
                                      9-44

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                                TOXIC  SUBSTANCES


                           OPTS  Title  III  Enforcement
Budget Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $2,993,500  supported  by  11.0  total
workyears for 1990, an  increase  of $1,087,700  and no change in total workyears
from  1989.  Of  this  amount,  $512,300 will be  for  the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,481,200 will  be  for the Abatement,  Control and Compliance
appropriation, increases of $87,700 and $1,000,000 respectively.


OPTS TITLE III ENFORCEMENT

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $2,993,500  supported  by  11.0  total
workyears  for this program,  of. which $512,300  will be  for the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation,  and $2,481,200 will be for  the  Abatement,  Control and
Compliance  appropriation.    This  represents  an  increase of  $87,700  for  the
Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation,  an increase   of  $1,000,000  in  the
Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  appropriation,  and no  change  in  total
workyears.  The  increase  in Salaries  and Expenses reflects  increased personnel
and  support costs.   The  increase in Abatement,  Control and  Compliance will
provide  enhanced  computer  support  and  increases  in  contractor  inspections
provided through a grant to the American Association of .Retired Persons (AARP).

     In 1990,  contractor personnel will inspect  chemical facilities  that use,
manufacture  or  process potentially  harmful  chemicals  to verify  that  such
facilities  observe  the  reporting  requirements of section 313  of Title III of
the Superfund Amendments and  Reauthorization Act  (SARA).   Section 313 requires
facilities  to submit  annual toxic chemical release  forms to  EPA and the state
in  which  the  facility  is  located.    Such forms  list  amounts of  chemicals
released  into the  environment  during  the preceding  year.   Since  many such
facilities are also subject  to  the reporting requirements of sections 5, 8 and
13  of the  Toxic  Substances  Control Act  (TSCA), the  Regions will  integrate
Title III  inspections with TSCA recordkeeping and reporting  inspections where
possible.  The Regions will develop appropriate enforcement actions  in response
to any violations of Title III detected during these inspections.

     In 1990,  Headquarters staff  will review  and update enforcement response
policies,  compliance  monitoring  strategies,  procedural  manuals and guidance
relating to section 313 of Title III.   Headquarters personnel will also conduct
case development activities and will continue to oversee and provide assistance
for  Regional  case  development.    Other  Headquarters  activities will  include
participation with the Office of Toxic Substances in rulemaking,  and providing
training to Regional and contractor staff.

     Headquarters will  also manage a grant with the  American Association of
Retired Persons  (AARP)  to  conduct  compliance inspections and provide paralegal
case  development under SARA  Title III.    Such contractor support  enables  the
Agency to  reach a broader portion of the regulated community.   Headquarters
will  also  expand  automated  data  processing  (ADP)  support  for  an  "expert"
computer system  to target  compliance inspections.   The computer  system will
                               9-45

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cross-check production  and facility profile  data to identify  facilities that
might be expected to submit reports under section 313 but have not.  Facilities
with the highest  potential for failure to submit  reports  will  be targeted for
inspections.  ADP support will also enable Regions  to  monitor  inspections and
cases to manage the program most efficiently.

     In 1990,  the additional  resources  will permit  the Agency  to  expand its
compliance  coverage  of the  regulated community  to  include  emphasizing the
quality and  accuracy of data  received by supporting contract  inspections for
data  quality   compliance.    Also,  Headquarters . staff   will  complete  the
development and in-field  application of an automated risk reduction inspection
targeting system.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency  is allocating a  total  of $1,905,800 supported by 11.0
total workyears for  this  program,  of  which  $424,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation  and $1,481,200  of which is from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.

     The  Regions  are   providing,  compliance  assistance   to   the  regulated
community, the  states,  and local authorities.  Compliance assistance includes
responding to inquiries from individual facilities or the regulated industry as
a whole  on enforcement requirements,  providing training in compliance matters
to  industry,  state  or  local  representatives,  and reviewing and implementing
enforcement policies,  strategies and  inspection  procedures.   The Regions are
also conducting a limited number of compliance inspections,  some of which are
integrated with other inspections under TSCA sections 5, 8 and 13.  The Regions
are also implementing case development as violations  are detected.

     In 1989, Headquarters personnel are  developing  final  enforcement response
policies  and   compliance   monitoring  strategies  to  accompany  final  rules
developed  by  the  Office   of  Toxic  Substances under  Title  III,  and providing
training for regional personnel.   Headquarters  staff participate in regulation
development to  assure  the enforceability of new rules  and to develop rules of
practice.   Other  projects include developing  guidance documents,  inspection
guidelines,  procedural  manuals  and   other  materials   to   implement  specific
program  activities.     Finally,  staff  are  also   conducting case  development
activities,  and   providing   oversight   and  assistance   in   regional   case
development.   Considerable attention to  and  oversight  of  case  development is
critical  for  a newly enforceable  program to provide program-wide consistency
among cases  and  to  make  precedent-setting  determinations  in  cases  of  first
impression,  thereby  assuring  the  integrity  of   the  national  compliance
monitoring effort.                         .

     Headquarters  is also providing   oversight  of  the grant  to the AARP to
conduct inspections under  Title III.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency  obligated a total of $315,800 supported by 7.8  total
workyears  for  this  program,  all of which was  from  the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.

     During 1988,  the  Regions provided compliance assistance to the regulated^
community, the  states,  and local authorities in anticipation of the effective"
dates of various portions  of the statute.   The Regions initiated the compliance


                                9-46

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program during  the fourth  quarter,  including conducting  a limited number  of
compliance inspections.   Headquarters  personnel  developed enforcement  response
policies and compliance monitoring strategies  corresponding to the legislation
and rules, and provided initial training  for Regional  personnel.   Headquarters
staff  participated in regulation  development and  issued  guidance  documents,
inspection  guidelines,  procedural  manuals and  other  materials   to  implement
specific program activities.
                               9-47

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10, ENERGY

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents

                                                                        Page

ENERGY                                                                 10-1

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   Multi-Media Energy. .  .  .  .  .  .  .	 .  .  ... .  .  .  10-3
      Acid Deposition	10-8
      Environmental Engineering and Technology	  10-10

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                                                    ENERGY
                                ACTUAL
                                 1988
            ENACTED
             1989
 CURRENT
ESTIMATE
  1989
REQUEST
 1990
  INCREASE +
  DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
APPROPRIATION
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development

TOTAL, Energy
 $5,368.8   $4,717.0   $4,653.5   $3,104.5   -$1,549.0
$49,885.7  $50,251.7  $50,249.7  $35,103.2  -$15,146.5

$55,254.5  $54,968.7  $54,903.2  $38,207.7  -$16,695.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
     72.0       69.7       68.6       52.4       -16.2
     77.0       69.7       68.6       52.4       -16.2
$57,328.2  $59,667.1  $59,595.6  $52,016.0   -$7,579.6
Authorization for Energy is under the Environmental
Research, Development and Demonstration Act which expired
September 30, 1981.  Reauthorization is pending.
                                       10-1

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                                       ENERGY
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY

     The  Multimedia  Energy  research  and  development  program  provides  the
scientific   information   necessary  to  evaluate  environmental   impacts  and
potential  controls  on  the  energy  sector   (e.g.,  utilities,  industry,  and
automobiles).    This  research  program  focuses  on  two  issues:  (1)  reducing
scientific uncertainties related to acid deposition;  and (2) developing testing
and   evaluating  Limestone   Injection  Multistage   Burner   (LIMB)   control
technologies.

Acid Deposition

     1990  is the  final  year of  the National  Acid  Precipitation  Assessment
Program (NAPAP), mandated by  the Energy Security Act of 1980 (Title VII of P.L.
96-294).   NAPAP's objective  is  to understand the  causes and  effects  of acid
deposition and to provide policy makers with credible,  peer reviewed scientific
data which can be used to assess potential controls on air emissions that cause
acid deposition.   This research will be reduced in 1990 as  the Agency places
more focus on synthesizing  and integrating results  from completed  projects for
the 1990 NAPAP Final Assessment Report to Congress.

     In 1990,  continued research efforts will enhance  the  Agency's capability
to  predict  deposition  trends   and  will  focus  on  providing  an  integrated
assessment  of  the  state-of-the-science  for  inclusion  in  the   1990  NAPAP
Assessment Report  to Congress.   Research will continue  to be focused  in six
major  areas.   First,  air emission estimates of  acid  rain precursors  will  be
improved.  Second,  the  advanced version  of the  Regional Acid  Deposition Model
(RADM) will  be  evaluated using field data.   RADM is designed to assist policy
makers  predict  changes  in  acid deposition  levels resulting  from changes  in
nearby  and  remote  source emissions.   Third, wet and  dry deposition  of acidic
pollutants will be monitored  to  enhance  data bases  for use  in effects studies.
Fourth, data will  be   integrated  to  produce a national  scale assessment  of
damage to sensitive aquatic ecosystems.  Fifth,  forests considered  sensitive to
acid deposition will be  studied  while available  data on forest effects will be
integrated for  the 1990  Assessment.   Finally,  the  materials  effects  program
will assess the effects of acid deposition on the service life of materials and
develop estimates on material deterioration resulting from exposure.

LIMB Control Technology

     The  LIMB  control  technology  program  is  designed  to  demonstrate  an
effective and inexpensive air emission control  system  that  will simultaneously
remove  sulfur  oxides (SOx)  and  nitrogen oxides (NOx)  from the flue  gases  of
existing  pulverized  coal-fired  boilers.     The  1990 'program will  emphasize
testing  the  commercial-scale   demonstration  of   the  tangential-fired  LIMB
technology.   The completion of the  commercial-scale  demonstration  of  the wall-
fired LIMB technology is expected in 1989.
                               10-2

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Research and
Development

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents


                                                                        Page

ENERGY                                                                 10-1

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   Multi-Media Energy. ...	•  •  •	10-3
      Acid Deposition	 10-8
      Environmental Engineering and Technology . .  	 10-10

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                                ACTUAL
                                  1988
                                                    ENERGY
                                             Multi-Media Energy
                   ENACTED
                    1989
        CURRENT
       ESTIMATE
         1989
         REQUEST   INCREASE +
          1990     DECREASE -
                 1990 VS 1989
 PROGRAM
                                                (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Acid Deposition
  Salaries & Expenses           $4,271.0   $3,566.3   $3,565.7   $2,016.0
  Research & Development        $47,386.3   $47,821.8  $47,821.8  $32,669.8
                       TOTAL   $51,657.3   $51,388.1  $51,387.5  $34,685.8

Environmental
Engineering &
Technology
  Salaries & Expenses
  Research & Development
                       TOTAL
                                                     -$1,549.7
                                                    -$15,152.0
                                                    -$16,701.7
$1,097.8
$2,499,4
$3,597.2
$1,150.7
$2,429.9
$3,580.6
$1,087.8
$2,427.9
$3,515.7
$1,088.5
$2,433.4
$3,521.9
$7
$5.5
$6.2
TOTAL:
  Salaries & Expenses
  Research & Development

Multi-Media Energy
        $5,368.8   $4,717.0   $4,653.5   $3,104.5    -$1,549.0
       $49,885.7  $50,251.7  $50,249.7  $35,103.2   -$15,146.5
TOTAL  $55,254.5  $54,968.7  $54,903.2  $38,207.7   -$16,695.5
 PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Acid Deposition

Environmental
Engineering &
Technology

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
            52.4       49.7       49.7       33.6

            19.6       20.0       18.9       18.8
            72.0
69.7
68.6
52.4
-16.1

  -.1



-16.2
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Acid Deposition

Environmental
Engineering &
Technology
I
TOTAL WORKYEARS
            57.3

            19.7
49.7

20.0
            77.0       69,7

                10-3
49.7

18.9



68.6
33,6

18.8



52.4
-16.1

  -.1



-16.2

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                                       ENERGY
                                 Multimedia Energy
                           Principal Outputs by Oblective
Objective 1:  Estimate Emissions from Man-made Sources (Acid Deposition)

1990:  o     Develop quality assurance plan for 1990 emissions inventory
       o     Report on  sensitivity testing of the  advanced utility simulation
             and industrial emissions models

1989:  o     Report  on  and  computer  tape of  the  1985  S02,  NOX, VOCs,  and
             alkaline material air emissions inventory
       o     Release  updated  versions   of  the   advanced  utility  emissions
             simulation model and the industrial emissions model

1988:  o     Final 1985 air emissions inventory on S02, NOX, VOCs, and alkaline
             material
Objective 2:  Understand Atmospheric Processes (Acid Deposition)

1990:  o     Evaluate Regional  Acid Deposition Model  (RADM)  using surface and
             aircraft monitoring data

1989:  o     State-of-science report on RADM with user's guide

1988:  o     Advanced version of RADM completed


Objective 3:  Establish Deposition Monitoring Data Bases (Acid Deposition)

1990:  o     Report on temporal and spatial trends in acid deposition

1989:  o     Expand dry  deposition monitoring network to 52  sites.  First year
             data provided by 52 sites

1988:  o     Final report on the Pilot Snowfall Monitoring Study


Objective 4:  Understand and Quantify Aquatic Effects (Acid Deposition)

1990:  o     Report  on  Direct/Delayed  Response   Program  predictions  for Mid-
             Appalachian region
       o     Report on  temporal and  chemical  variability in lakes  within the
             Northeastern U.S.

1989:  o     Report  on  Direct/Delayed  Response  Program predictions  for  the
             Northeast and Southern Blue Ridge province (Level III)
       o     Regional case studies of surface water response characteristics

                                10-4

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1988:  o     Report on the Mid-Atlantic/Southeastern U.S. Stream Survey


Objective 5:  Understand and Quantify Terrestrial Effects (Acid Deposition)

1990:  o     Final report on the roles of sulfur and nitrogen in forest decline
       o     Report  on projections  of  the  effect  of  alternative  deposition
             scenarios on terrestrial ecosystems

1989:  o     Preliminary report on  the  roles of sulfur  and  nitrogen in forest
             decline
       o     Evaluation  of  factors  other  than  air  pollution affecting  the
             growth and decline of forests

1988:  o     Annual Report on the Forest Response Program
       o     Report on seedling exposure studies
       o     Evaluation  of  the  extent  and  magnitude  of  changes  in  forest
             conditions
Objective 6:   Understand and Quantify Materials and  Cultural  Resource Effects
(Acid Deposition)

1990:  o     Report on dose-response functions for selected coating systems

1989:  o     Field study report on acid deposition damage function for metallic
             materials

1988:  o     Report  on  field  verification  of  the  acid  deposition  damage
             function for galvanized steel


Objective 7:  Evaluate Control Technologies (Acid Deposition)

1990:  o     Report on site-specific performance cost estimates  of S02 and NOX
             controls from 200 coal-fired power plants in the eastern U.S.

1989:  o     Update on "generic costs" for reducing S02,  and NOX air emissions

1988:  o     Interim Report  on site-specific  performance  cost  estimates of S02
             and NOX  controls  from 50 coal-fired  power  plants  in  the Eastern
             U.S.
Objective 8:  Develop and Evaluate LIMB Control Technology (Engineering)

1990:  o     Final design report on the tangentially-fired LIMB demonstration
       o     Report on  pilot-scale evaluation  of  the E-SOX process  utilizing
             recycled sorbent

1989:  o     Report on  a commercial-scale demonstration of  the wall-fired LIMB
             technology on  controlling S02  and NOX  air  emissions from  coal-|
             fired utility boilers

                                10-5

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Report on  a pilot-scale characterization of  the  E-SOX process to
control SC>2 air emissions in retrofit coal-fired applications
Report  on  fundamental  studies  to  enhance   the  LIMB  process  to
control S(>2 air emissions in retrofit coal-fired applications

Report  on  the  technical and  economic  feasibility of  the  E-SOX
process  to control  SOX  air emissions  from  existing coal-fired
boilers
Initiate   testing  of   LIMB  on  a  pilot-scale  tangential-fired
prototype  (60 megawatt) boiler
Complete  testing of  the wall-fired LIMB technology commercial-
scale demonstration
                  10-6

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                                       ENERGY
                                 Multimedia Energy
Budget Request
     The  Agency  requests   a  total  of  $38,207,700  supported by  52.4  total
workyears  for  1990,  a  decrease  of $16,695,500  and 16.2 total workyears from
1989.   Of  the  request,    $3,104,500  will be  for  the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation  and  $35,103,200  will  be  for  the  Research  and  Development
appropriation, a decrease of $1,549,000 and $15,146,500,  respectively.


Program Objectives

     The  goal  of  multimedia energy  research and development  program  is  to
provide   EPA   program  and  Regional   offices;   Federal,   state,   and  local
governments; and industry  with  the scientific  information necessary  to help
guide the development and utilization of energy resources in an environmentally
acceptable manner.   This scientific information  is obtained  through the Acid
Deposition research program which was established in response to the Energy and
Security  Act  of 1980 and a control technology program  which  is  investigating
retrofit  boiler  technologies such  as the  Limestone Injection Multistage Burner
(LIMB)  process.     Acid  deposition  research   is   coordinated   through  the
Interagency Task Force of  the  National Acid Precipitation  Assessment Program
(NAPAP),   chaired by  the EPA Administrator, which  is  responsible  for preparing
the 1990  Final NAPAP Assessment Report to Congress.  LIMB research is conducted
in  conjunction with  the  Department of  Energy,   which  is responsible  for  the
Federal Clean  Coal Technology  Program.    The  following  objectives  define  the
Agency's  energy  research and development activities:

     Objective  1.   Estimate Emissions  from Man-made  Sources.   This research
will  improve  the  Agency's  understanding  of  the  amount of acidic  pollutants
formed as a result of man's activities.                                         .

     Objective 2.   Understand  Atmospheric Processes.  This  research addresses
the atmospheric processes involved in acid deposition and examines and predicts
the transport, chemical transformation, and deposition processes  of acidic  air
masses.

     Objective 3.   Establish Deposition Monitoring Data Bases.   This research
will  quantify  wet  and  dry acid  deposition  levels to establish  deposition
trends,   provide  vital  inputs  to  effects  studies,   and  provide  precise
information for  statistical analyses on source/receptor relationships.

     Objective 4;  Understand and Quantify Aquatic Effects.   This research will
quantify  the impacts of acidification on representative aquatic ecosystems.

     Objective 5.  Understand and  Quantify Terrestrial Effects.   This research
will quantify  the extent of acid deposition effects on  important  plants (i.e.,
forests and crops), develop quantitative  cause and e'ffect relationships (i.e.,

                               10-7

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dose/response)  for  these  plants,  and  predict  the  range  of  effects  under
alternative deposition level scenarios.

     Objective  6.    Understand  and  Quantify Materials  and Cultural  Resource
Effects.  This  research will determine how materials are incrementally damaged
from  acid deposition.   This  includes determining  the  materials at  risk and
differentiating the  effects of acid deposition from  those of  other sources of
pollution.

     Objective  7.  Evaluate Control Technologies.   This research  will develop
"cost  of  control" data  to help  evaluate  alternative acid  deposition control
strategies.  This  includes  analyzing  selected engineering technologies,  their
performance and their costs.

     Objective 8.   Develop and Evaluate LIMB Control Technology.   This research
will  develop  and  evaluate  air  emission  control  technologies  that  will remove
sulfur  oxides  (SOx)  and  nitrogen oxides  (NOx)  from flue gases  of pulverized
coal-fired boilers.
ACID DEPOSITION

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $34,685,800  supported by  33.6  total
workyears for  this  research,  of which $2,016,000 will be  for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $32,669,800 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation.   This  represents a decrease  of $1,549,700  in the Salaries and
Expenses   appropriation,   $15,152,000   in   the   Research   and  Development
appropriation, and a decrease of 16.1  total  workyears.   The reduction reflects
completion  of  aquatic effects  research  projects including all  Direct/Delayed
response  program activities  in the Northeast,  Southeast  and Mid-Appalachian
regions;  completion  of  some  terrestrial  effects  research  projects  including
assessments in the western conifers,  eastern hardwoods,  and southern commercial
pines;   completion   of  emission   projection  models;   completion  of   RADM
development, control technology assessments,  and the galvanized steel materials
effects  research;  and  a  reduction  in  the  costs  associated   with  the  Dry
Deposition Monitoring Network for the West.
                       »
     Estimate  Emissions  from  Man-made Sources.    This  research will  produce
estimates  of  major  atmospheric acid-forming emissions  resulting from  man's
activities  and the  relationships among these  emissions.    To enhance  emission
estimates from man-made  sources, the Agency  will  examine the interrelationship
of  major acid  deposition  pollutants.    Research will  support development  of
emission  inventories,   new  source   tests,   New  Source  Performance  Standards
(NSPS);  and refinement of  models specific to major  source - sectors.   This work
will build  on  the 1985 emission data base and on the final S02,  NOX,  volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), and alkaline material emissions inventory and will be
used in  the Regional  Acid  Deposition Model  (RADM).   Substantial  progress will
be  made  toward  a 1990 data  base  which will  reduce uncertainty  in  emissions
estimates and  will be  useful in assessing changes  over  a  five-year time  span.
Information from  this  program will  be used by other program areas  and  will be
an important part of the 1990 NAPAP assessment.

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     Understand Atmospheric Processes.  This program will  broaden the Agency's
understanding  of  acidic pollutants  emitted  into  the atmosphere,  and  will
deliver a  predictive model (RADM) useful  for  policy-makers.   Data collection
and  model  evaluation will  differentiate  the  contribution of  local  versus
distant sources and  will enable policy-makers  to predict changes  in deposition
levels  resulting  from  reductions  in  nearby  or  distant emissions.    Other
research  includes  sensitivity testing  of  the  advanced  version of RADM using
existing monitoring  data bases  and refinement of RADM  using  field study data.
RADM  will  be  used  to  evaluate  control  strategies, perform  source/receptor
analyses,  and provide deposition estimates for sensitive receptors.  Evaluation
of  the question  of  non-linearities  in the  atmosphere,  their importance  in
source/receptor relationships and in forecasting seasonal and annual deposition
under  alternative  emission  scenarios are  critical  elements of the NAPAP  1990
Assessment.

     Establish Deposition  Monitoring Data Bases.   Research will  quantify wet
and  dry deposition  of  acidic  materials  with greater  resolution.    Specific
projects will include support for the 150 station National  Trends  Network (NTN)
for wet deposition and operation of 52 dry deposition  monitoring  sites.  This
work will assist in  the establishment of cause  and effect relationships for use
in effects  studies and will help  establish  a statistically valid database to
compare various  levels  of  deposition.   Information on deposition trends and
data tapes will be used in preparing the final  NAPAP Assessment Report.

     Understand and  Quantify  Aquatic Effects.   A national-scale  assessment of
the damage  to  sensitive aquatic ecosystems caused by both chronic  and short-
term acidification will be developed to  support  preparation of the final NAPAP
Assessment  Report.   Current  resource  status  estimates  will be refined  by
examining the chemistry  of "small  lakes" and streams in small  catchments which
were  not  included  in the National  Surface  Water  Survey.  .In addition,  the
aquatics  program   is  developing a  system for classifying  surface waters  by
quantifying the subset of surface waters (subpopulation) at risk to, or damaged
by,  acidic deposition.    Included  in  this  program are  projects to  develop
regional-scale patterns in lake and stream water chemistry.  A major focus will
be placed on quantifying  past damage  (i.e.,  determining the  extent  both in
numbers, surface areas,  and proportion of  the  entire surface water resource to
which acidic deposition could be responsible  for the present chemical status of
surface waters)  and examining biological effects of surface water  acidification
(including effects on populations and physiological condition of fish and other
biota).

     Understand  and  Quantify  Terrestrial  Effects.    The  main  thrust  of
cooperative  research  programs  will  be  completion  of   data  analysis   and
interpretation for the 1990 Assessment.   Studies  of multiple pollutants and
stresses  and the   interactions  of  pollutant   and  natural  stresses  will  be
emphasized.  Research will also concentrate on those areas  which have shown, in
problem definition  studies,  to have  particular  problems.   The  atmospheric
exposure project which emphasizes  integration  of atmospheric data relevant to
forests,  support   for  interagency  efforts   in   long-term  monitoring,   and
improvement  of  ongoing  monitoring  networks   will  support  the  1990  NAPAP
Assessment by helping to develop exposure  estimates that interface between the
forest program and other NAPAP task groups.  Finally, synthesis and integration
(S&I) activities will support completion of the  1990 Assessment and production
of other outputs due from the forest effects research program.

                               10-9

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     Understand  and  Quantify the Effects on Materials  and Cultural Resources.
Research will  progress  towards  developing damage functions for paint/substratej
systems  using data  generated through  chamber  studies  and will  identify the
micro/macro  effects  of acid  deposition  on  specific coating/substrate systems.
Incremental  damage to  galvanized steel  will  be  targeted for the  1990 NAPAP
materials assessment.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $51,387,500 supported by 49.7
total workyears  for this research, of which $3,565,700 is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $47,821,800  is from the Research  and Development
appropriation.    These  resources  are being  used  to  complete high  priority
research needed  for  the NAPAP  Final  Assessment Report  to  Congress.   Research
being emphasized includes: improving current area source methodologies; testing
emission models  specific to  major source  sectors;  a field  study to evaluate
RADM; developing dry  deposition measurement techniques  and biological response
models  for  fish  populations;  correlation  studies  of  forest condition and
atmospheric   deposition;   and   evaluation   of   various   emerging   control
technologies.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency  obligated  a total  of $51,657,300  supported by 57.3
total workyears  for  this research, of  which $4,271,000 was  from  the Salaries
and  Expenses   appropriation  and  $47,386,300  was  from   the  Research  and
Development appropriation.

     Several key projects were  completed in 1988 including an advanced version
of the Regional  Acid Deposition Model (RADM-II),  the final 1985  air emissions
data base  and inventory,  and a  report  on the  Mid-Atlantic/Southeastern U.S.
stream  study.    In  addition,  work   continued  on  evaluating  the extent and
magnitude of  changes  in forest condition and on developing site-specific cost
estimates for reducing 862 and NOX air emissions.


ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total   of   $3,521,900  supported  by  18.8  total
workyears for  this research,  of which $1,088,500 will  be  for the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,433,400 will  be for the Research and Development
appropriation.  This represents increases of $700 and $5,500, respectively, and
a decrease of  0.1 total workyears.   The  increase  in the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation reflects  increased personnel  and support  costs,  the increase in
the  Research  and Development  appropriation supports   combustion  engineering
tests of a small prototype tangential-fired furnace, and the workyear reduction
reflects  a  consolidation  of  resources   for  the  Regional Scientists  Program
within the Interdisciplinary media.

     Develop and  evaluate LIMB  Control Technology.   Research  will  be conducted^
in three areas:   (1)  laboratory, bench,  and pilot  demonstration  of innovative
SOX/NOX technologies;  (2) field prototype testing of the E-SOX process; and (3)
                               10-10

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commercial  scale demonstration  of the  tangentially-fired boiler  technology.
Laboratory development will  involve work  in improved sorbents,  reactivation of
sorbents, humidification, precipitators and general support for the LIMB and E-
SOX processes.   Field prototype  testing  of the E-SOX  process,  a co-sponsored
program  with  the Ohio  Coal  Development Office  (OCDO)  and Babcock  and Wilcox
(B&W),   will  be  in progress  at  the Ohio Edison  Burger Station.    Support
modeling, combustion testing, and preliminary  design will  be  completed for the
tangentially-fired boiler LIMB demonstration at Yorktown, VA.   This large scale
demonstration  is important because approximately  40% of U.S.  utility boilers
are  tangentially fired.    The LIMB commercial demonstration  program  is  being
funded jointly by the Federal government and industry.

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the Agency  is allocating a  total  of $3,515,700 and  18.9  total
workyears  for  this  research, of which $1,087,800  is  from  the Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation and  $2,427,900 is  from the Research  and  Development
appropriation.

     Pilot-scale  testing  to   improve  SOX  and  NOX  removal  efficiency  and cost
effectiveness  plus  improve   sorbent  and  humidification  efficiency  is  being
conducted.   Research on  the commercial-scale  demonstration of  the  wall-fired
technology  is  being  completed  and  documented.    Research  is  focusing on  a
commercial-scale  demonstration  of  the tangential-fired  boiler  technology  in
order  to  complete a  small  boiler  test   to  provide  engineering  design  and
construction parameters for the full scale demonstration.  The LIMB commercial-
scale  demonstrations  are  jointly funded  by  the  Federal  government  and  the
utility industry.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988",  the  Agency obligated  a  total  of  $3,597,200  supported  by 19.7
total workyears  for this research, of which $1,097,800 was  from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $2,499,400 was from the Research and Development
appropriation.

   •" In  1988,  research  included:  (1) testing of LIMB  processes on  a pilot-
scale;    (2)   testing  of   high   activity   sorbent   injection  and  mixing
characteristics; (3) testing a commercial-scale demonstration of the wall-fired
boiler  technology  at  the Edgewater  station  of Ohio  Edison;   (4)  determining
engineering characteristics  to  design a commercial-scale  demonstration of the
tangential-fired boiler  technology;  and  (5)  monitoring  and evaluating  waste
characteristics  and disposal techniques  at  the  commercial-scale  wall-fired
demonstration.   The Department  of  Energy  provided  $5,000,000  to support  the
commercial-scale demonstration of the tangential-fired boiler  technology.
                               10-11

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11. MANAGEMENT
 AND SUPPORT

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990  Budget  Estimate

                              Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT                                                 11-1

PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
   Program Management	11-6
      Program Management - Air and Radiation	11-9
      Program Management - Water .......  	 11-10
      Program Management - Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring .  .   . 11-10
      Program Management - External Affairs	 11-11
      Program Management - Pesticides and Toxic Substances .  .  .  .  .   . 11-12
      Program Management - General Counsel .	 11-13
      Program Management - Research and Development. .  .  . .  .  .  .  .   . 11-13
      Program Management - Solid Waste and Emergency Response	11-14
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
   Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices .  . .  .	11-16
      Immediate Office of the Administrator	 11-19
      Office of Regional Operations	 11-20
      Office of Executive Support	11-20
      Administrator's Representation Fund.	  ... 11-21
      Office of International Activities ...  .  .  . ...	 11-22
      Office of Civil Rights 		 11-23
      Science Advisory Board 	  	 11-24
      Office of Administrative Law Judges.	 11-24
      Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization 	 11-25
   Office of Inspector General .  .  .  .  .	11-27
      Office of Inspector General.  .	'•,	11-28
   Office of General Counsel .	11-31
      General Counsel	11-32
   Office of External Affairs.	 11-33
      Office of Legislative Analysis  ......  	    ... 11-35
      Office of Congressional Liaison.  . 	 11-36
      Office of Public Affairs .  .	11-36
      Office of Community and Intergovernmental Relations	   . 11-37
      Office of Federal Activities .....  	 ...... 11-38
   Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation ....	 11-40
      Program Management - Policy,  Planning and Evaluation 	 11-42
      Integrated Environmental Management Program	11-43
      Office of Policy Analysis.	 11-44
      Office of Standards and Regulations. .  .  .  .  	  .  .  .  .   . 11-46
      Office of Management Systems and Evaluation	11-47
      Pollution Prevention Program 	  	   . 11-49
   Office of Administration and Resources Management 	 11-51
      Program Management-Administration	11-54
      Financial Management - Headquarters	11-55
      Office of the Comptroller	11-56
      Contracts and Grants Management - Headquarters 	 11-57
      Organization and Health Services  . .	11-58

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents
      Facilities and Management Services 	 ...... 11-59
      Information Systems and Services	 11-60
      Human Resources Management	 .	 11-61
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
   Regional Management	11-63
      Resource Management - Regions	11-66
      Financial Management - Regions 	 .... 11-66
      Personnel Management - Regions 	  ....... 11-67
      Administrative Management - Regions	.	11-68
      Regional Management	 11-68
      Regional Counsel ......  	  	 11-69
      Planning, Evaluation and Analysis - Regions	11-70
SUPPORT COSTS
   Support Costs .....  	  	  . 11-72
 i     Professional Training	 .  .	 11-73
      Nationwide Support Services	 11-74
      Headquarters Support Services	 11-74
      Regional Support Services. .  . . . .  . .  .	11-75
      Automated Data Processing Support Costs.  	  .11-76
      Lab Support - Research and Development 	  ....... 11-77
      Lab Support - Air and Radiation	11-77
      Lab Support - Pesticides and Toxic Substances	11-78

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                                               MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
APPROPRIATION
 Salaries & Expenses
 Office of the
 Inspector General
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
 Scientific Activities
 Overseas
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$333,397.1 $358,218.6 $359,179.5 $388,943.4
                                   21,417.4
    $554.6
$29,763.9
$21,417.4
             $9,700.0  $13,778.3  $12,640.0   -$1,138.3
TOTAL, Program Management    $333,951.7 $367,918-.6 $372,957.8 $423,000.8   $50,043.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
   2,605.3    2,730.9    2,771.3    2,971.9       200.6
   2,845.4    2,878.0    2,917.7    2,917.9   :     54.2
$334,689.1 $368,449.3 $373,250.6 $415,768.7   $42,518.1
Authorization is by virtue of the Appropriation Act.
                                          11-1

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                             MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
OVERVIEW AND  STRATEGY

     Management  and Support provides  executive  direction and policy oversight
for  all Agency programs  as  well as those  administrative and support services
that are  not assigned to a  specific program.   We will continue our efforts to
provide quality legal  services,  promote technically and economically defensible
regulatory  and  policy   alternatives,  enhance   the  public's  perception  and
understanding of  the  Agency's  goals, manage  for environmental  results,  and
pursue  a  focused human  resources  management effort  to build a skilled career
environmental workforce.

     The  major  components  of  this  medium  are  Program Management,  Agency
Management, Regional Management, and Support Costs.

     Program  Management  includes  policy  development, program  development and
oversight,   and  the   associated   management  activities   for  the  Agency's
environmental program  offices.   These  include the Offices  of Air and Radiation,
Watery  Enforcement  and Compliance  Monitoring,  External Affairs, Pesticides and
Toxic  Substances,  General  Counsel,  Research and Development,  and Solid Waste
and  Emergency Response.

     Agency   Management  includes  Agencywide  management  functions  and  policy
activities.                        .

     Policy  Direction, through the Executive Offices at Headquarters, consists
of  the  Administrator  and  Deputy  Administrator  and their  immediate  staffs,
Regional  Operations,   Executive  Support,  Administrator's  Representation Fund,
International Activities,  Civil Rights,  Science Advisory  Board, Administrative
Law  Judges,   Small  and Disadvantaged  Business Utilization,  and the Technology
Transfer Staff.

     Policy,   Planning  and   Evaluation   is  organized   into   the  following
components:  the Integrated  Environmental Management  and Pollution Prevention
Programs  and the  Offices of  Policy Analysis,  Standards  and Regulations,  and
Management Systems  and Evaluation.

     Legal  Services  for litigation  in  which  the Agency is  a  defendant are
provided  to   Agency programs  by the General  Counsel in  Headquarters  and by a
Regional Counsel  in each Regional  office.   The Office of  General Counsel  (OGC)
provides  legal  services  and  advice  to the Administrator  and Agency managers.
OGC,  in cooperation with  the  Department  of Justice,  represents  the Agency in
all  legal matters  in which  the  Agency   is  a  defendant.   Additionally,  OGC
reviews proposed actions, decisions,  and  regulations to  assure  that  they are
.legally defensible.                  .                   .                  .

     External Affairs activities   are performed by  five  component  offices:
Legislative   Analysis,  Congressional  Liaison,   Public   Affairs,   Office  of
Community and Intergovernmental  Relations, and Federal Activities.

     Inspector  General  activities  include investigation  and  audit  of Agency
activities to promote efficiency and  effectiveness,  and  to prevent and detect
fraud,  waste, and  abuse.
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     Administration and Resources Management  provides  management activities in
Headquarters,  as  well  as administrative  services  to  all program  operations
located in  Cincinnati,  Ohio and Research  Triangle Park, North  Carolina.   The
office  has  several  components:    Program Management,  Financial  Management,
Comptroller, Organization and Health Services, Contracts and Grants,  Facilities^
and Management Services,  Information Systems  and  Services,  and Human Resources"
Management.

     Regional Management includes the centralized management and administrative
functions performed in  each  Regional office.   The  Regional  elements cover the
Regional  and  Deputy  Regional   Administrators,   their   immediate  staffs,  and
Regional  staff   for   public  affairs,  Congressional   and  intergovernmental
relations,  and civil rights.   Other activities include  budget development and
execution,  preparation  of Regional  operating plans,  legal  services,  program
planning,    regulatory   and   policy   analysis,   economic  analysis,   program
evaluation,   financial   and  personnel  management,   information  management,
administration of Freedom of  Information Requests,  and facilities and property
management.

     Support Costs include the costs of general support services for all Agency
programs.    In this diverse category are:

     o  Office  and building  services, such  as  library services,  commercial
        telephone  use,   printing  and copying,   utilities,   security,     ADP
        technical support, and  custodial and  maintenance services for programs
        located at Headquarters, Research Triangle Park, and Cincinnati;

     o  Nationwide  costs,  such as  facility  rental  costs,   centralized  data
        processing, professional training,  U.S. Postal Service charges, -Federal
        Telecommunications  System   (FTS)  charges,  unemployment  and  workmen'si
        compensation,  and health and  safety  costs  for all Agency programs in
        all locations;

     o  Office  and building  services for   laboratories  and  field  stations
        operated by the Offices of Air and Radiation, Research and Development,
        and Pesticides and Toxic Substances;  and

     o  Common services  in  Regional offices,  such as  supplies  and  equipment,
        commercial telephones, printing, facilities operations and maintenance,
        library services, and mini-computer operations.

Program Priorities

     Priorities  for  the  Executive  Offices in 1990 will  include:    continued
emphasis on enforcement and compliance efforts for both environmental and civil
rights  regulations;  stronger support  from Headquarters and  Regions  to  small,
minority,   and women's  environmental  businesses;  bringing greater  scientific
credibility to regulatory decision-making through an emphasis on reviews by the
Science Advisory Board;  more effective communication between  Headquarters  and

the Regions; and continued international environmental activities with emphasis
on global  and regional  air  pollution  issues  such  as global  climate  change and
acid precipitation.

     The Office  of  Policy,  Planning and Evaluation  will  exercise a  leadership,
role in multi-media pollution prevention by developing Agency policy,  support-'
ing state  programs, and providing  incentives  for  industry, consumers,  and all
levels  of  government  to  reduce or   eliminate  residuals before they  become
                                11-3

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"pollutants".   It  also  will have lead responsibility  for  important aspects of
the Agency's global climate change program,  working closely with the Offices of
Research and Development  and Air and Radiation as well  as  with other agencies
and international  organizations.  Risk reduction  will  receive continued empha-
sis as  will the targetting  of  resources to projects  that  support  the program
and Regional offices, as well as states,  in this respect.  Other areas of focus
will include development  of environmental indicators  to evaluate programs and
innovative  approaches to  the control of complex  and multi-media environmental
problems.

     The Office  of General Counsel will  continue to  provide  legal advice and
counsel to  the Agency's  top management and  media program  offices concerning
legal interpretation  of EPA administered statutes, other  applicable  laws, and
on such matters as personnel, grants, and contracts.   Additionally, the Office
of  General  Counsel  will  continue   to  represent  the  Agency  in  all  major
regulatory  actions,   and  ensure  that   legal  errors  are  avoided  and  legal
positions are presented in the most persuasive manner.

     The  Office   of  External   Affairs  will   continue  to  provide  a  clear
interpretation of  EPA's programs and  priorities;  increase  Agency effectiveness
by improving Congressional liaison;  continue effective  liaison  with  state and
local  governments; establish  outreach  programs  with the  private  and public
sectors  and involve  citizen participation;  reaffirm  and  strengthen Federal
Agency  contacts;   and   provide  a  crossmedia   perspective   in   review  of
environmental problems.

     The Office  of Inspector General will  continue  to  emphasize internal and
management  audits  to  improve  the economy, effectiveness, and efficiency of EPA
programs.  The  Office of  INspector General  will increase  the  number  of audits
in  construction grants  program  and  begin  audits  of  States'  Revolving  Fund
programs.    The  office will continue  its investigation of  antitrust activities
and  other   construction-related  fraud  and  will  aggressively   pursue  new
initiatives to  ferret out fraud in EPA-funded contracts.   It will  further its
efforts in  fraud  prevention  by publicizing  its  activities to  EPA employees,
identifying  areas  sensitive to fraud,  and  developing  new fraud  detection
methods.

     The Office  of  Administration  and Resources  Management will  continue to
assure  a  strong system of  financial  internal controls,  including  work toward
integration and  improvement of  all Agency financial management  and accounting
systems;  continue  developing  a  program  for' better  information  management
planning,   particularly  between  EPA  and  states;   continue  improvements  in
contracts administration;  pursue a focused human resources  management effort to
build a skilled career environmental workforce; continue to achieve  significant
productivity   improvements;   continue  managing   the   planning,   design   and
construction of  a consolidated  Headquarters facility;  and  continue to provide
essential administrative  and support  services to enhance  the  Agency's ability
to fulfill  its various mandates.

     In the Regional  management  areas, the Agency will continue its commitment
to  strengthen   Regional  environmental programs  and maintain strong  Regional
planning and management efforts.  Development  of  State/EPA  data  management
plans   to   improve   efficiency  and  reliability   of  methods  for   sharing
environmental data will receive priority attention.

     In Support, the  program  will  continue to  provide  general support services
to Agency programs.  This request will also enable the  Agency to continue its
effort to replace  obsolete computers in the Regional offices and to  oversee the
                                11-4

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escalations such as rent, telephone, and utility rate increases.

Consulting Service

     Management  consulting services  provide general  advisory  and  consulting/
services in such areas  as:  management assistance  for  the design of financial
systems,  regional  management  assistance  in  support  of  the   EPA/State  Data
Management  program  and  management  support of  the  Agency's  public-private
partnership initiative.
                               11-5

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  Program
Management

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents


                                                                        Page

MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT                                                 11-1

PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
   Program Management	 .  11-6
      Program Management - Air and Radiation	11-9
      Program Management - Water	  11-10
      Program Management - Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring .  . .  11-10
      Program Management - External Affairs	.  .	11-11
      Program Management - Pesticides and Toxic Substances  	  11-12
      Program Management - General Counsel	  11-13
      Program Management - Research and Development	  11-13
      Program Management - Solid Waste and Emergency Response	11-14

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            PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
            Program Management

PROGRAM
Program Management -
Air And Radiation
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Program Management -
Water
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Program Management -
Enforcement And
^Compliance Monitoring
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Program Management -
External Affairs
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Program Management -
Pesticides and Toxic
Substances
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Program Management -
General Counsel
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Program Management -
Research & Development
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)


$3.026.6
$3.026.6


$2,707.7
$2,707.7



$461.8
$461.8


$667.8
$667.8



$2,369.7
$2,369.7


$479.4
$479.4


$4,683.0
$4,683.0


$3,037.2
$3,037.2


$2,863.2
$2,863.2



$478.9
$478.9


$718.1
$718.1



$2,839.6
$2,839.6


$489.8
$489.8


$4,797.3
$4,797.3


$2,930.7
$2,930.7


$2,863.2
$2,863.2



$478.9
$478.9


$717.4
$717.4



$3,079.8
$3,079.8


$489.8
$489.8


$5,715.0
$5,715.0


$3,005.7
$3,005.7


$3,160.8
$3,160.8



$538.1
$538.1


$779.7
$779.7



$3,008.7
$3,008.7


$518.3
$518.3


$5,462.5
$5,462.5


$75.0
$75.0


$297.6
$297.6



$59. '2'
$59.2


$62.3
$62.3



-$71.1
-$71.1


$28.5
$28.5


-$252.5
-$252.5
11-6

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                                                   PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
                                                   Program Management

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program Management -
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
 Salaries & Expenses

TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses

Program Management
        $1,860.9   $1,619.2   $1,619.2   $1,742.0      $122.8
TOTAL   $1,860.9   $1,619.2   $1,619.2   $1,742.0      $122.8

       $16,256.9  $16,843.3  $17,894.0  $18,215.8      $321.8

TOTAL  $16,256.9  $16,843.3  $17,894.0  $18,215.8      $321.8
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Program Management -
Air And Radiation

Program Management '-
Water

Program Management -
Enforcement And
Compliance Monitoring

Program Management -
External Affairs

Program Management -
Pesticides and Toxic
Substances

Program Management -
General Counsel

Program Management -
Research & Development

Program Management -
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
            48.1
            42.3
             7.0
            10.6
            35.7
             9.5
            51.3
            28.5
           233.0
 47.8
 45.9
  9.0
 11.7
 42.9
  8.2
 56.2
 28.2
249.9
 44.6
 45.9
  9.0
 11.7
 42.8
  8.2
 62.5
 28.2
252.9
 44.6
 45.9
  9.0
 11.7
 42.6
 10.5
 62.4
 28.0
254.7
-.2
2.3
-.1
-.2
1.8
                                       11-7

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                                                   PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
                                                   Program Management

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
TOTAL WORKYEARS
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program Management -
Air And Radiation
 51.0
 47.8
 44.6
 44.6
Program Management -
Water
 47.0
 45.9
 45.9
 45.9
Program Management -
Enforcement And
Compliance Monitoring

Program Management -
External Affairs
  8.0
 11.0
  9.0
 11.7
  9.0
 11.7
  9.0
 11.7
Program Management -
Pesticides and Toxic
Substances
 38.4
 42.9
 42.8
 42.6
-.2
Program Management -
General Counsel
  9.9
 10.5
 10.5
 10.5
Program Management - .
Research & Development

Program Management -
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response

TOTAL WORKYEARS
 52.7
 30.4
248.4
 56.2
 28.2
252.2
 62.5
 28.2
255.2
 62.4
 28.0
254.7
-.1
-.2
-.5
                                       1.1-8

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                            MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT


                              Program Management
Budget Request
     The Agency  requests  a total of  $18,215,800 supported by  254.7  workyears
for  1990,  an increase of  $321,800  and a decrease  of .5 total workyears  from
1989.  All of the request is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.


PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - AIR AND RADIATION

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a   total   of  $3,005,700  supported  by  44.6  total
workyears  for  this program,  all of  which  is  for the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.    This  represents  an  increase  of $75,000  in the Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation and  no change  in total  workyears.    The  increase  in
Salaries and Expenses  reflects  increased personnel  and support  costs.   Air and
radiation  program  management will  focus  on implementation  of  the new Indoor
Radon Abatement  Act,  the Clean Air Act  Amendments of 1977,  the  Atomic Energy
Act,  the  Uranium  Mill  Tailings  Radiation  Control  Act,  and  the  Superfund
Amendments and  Reauthorization Act,  and on  development  of major policies  and
decisions related to these acts.

1989 Program

     In  1989 the Agency  is allocating a total  of $2,930,700  supported by 44.6
total  workyears for   this  program,   all  of  which is  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses   appropriation.     This  program  provides  management   support  for
implementation of  the  new Indoor Radon  Abatement Act,  the Clean Air  Act,  the
Atomic  Energy  Act,  the Uranium Mill  Tailings  Radiation Control  Act,  and  the
Superfund  Amendments  and  Reauthorization   Act.    Key  activities  include:
executive  management,  program planning and analysis, resource  management,  and
budget formulation.   The program also  provides administrative support to Office
of Air and Radiation (OAR) components.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988  the Agency  obligated $3,026,600  for this  program  supported  by
51.0 workyears,  all of which  was  from the  Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation.
The  program  provided  executive management,  program planning  and  analysis,  and
budget and administrative support to OAR offices.
                               11-9

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PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - WATER

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $3,160,800  supported  by  45.9  total(
workyears for this program,  all of which will  be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.  This represents an increase of $297,600 from 1989 and no change
in total workyears.   The increase in Salaries and  Expenses reflects increased
personnel and support costs.

     The  1990  request   supports  the  development  of  national  policy  and
implementation of  the national regulatory programs  for the Water  Quality and
Drinking Water media.  Specific activities  include:  management of the Office of
Water  operating guidance and accountability  system;   development  of  program
plans  and  budget  for  implementation  of  Agency  policies;   development  of
legislative  initiatives  and  directions;  review  of  regulations and  program
policies; tracking of budget execution;  and administrative management.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency  is  allocating a total of $2,863,200 supported by 45.9
total  workyears for  this  program,  all  of  which  is from  the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation.

     This  program  is  supporting  the  development  of  national  policy  and
implementation of  the national regulatory programs  for the Water  Quality and
Drinking Water media.  Specific activities  include:  management of the Office of
Water  operating guidance and accountability  system;   development  of  program
plans  and  budget  for  implementation  of  Agency  policies;   development  of
legislative  initiatives  and  directions;  review  of  regulations and  programj
policies; tracking of budget execution;  and administrative management.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency obligated a  total  of  $2,707,700 supported  by 47.0
total  workyears for  this program,  all of  which  was from  the Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation.    The program  continued  to   focus  in 1988  on  the
implementation of the Clean  Water Act and  Safe Drinking Water Act.   Activities
such  as  long-range  planning and  policy  analysis,  budget  development  and
execution, and administrative management were accomplished.


PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE MONITORING

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total  of $538,100  supported by 9.0 total workyears
for  this  program,  all  of  which  will  be   for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.  This  represents an  increase of $59,200 and no change in total
workyears from 1989.   The increase  in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and support costs.

     This request will  be used to provide basic  administrative,  financial and
management  services to  the  Office  of Enforcement  and Compliance  Monitoring
                               11-10

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(OECM).     These  functions  include  program  planning,  personnel  management,
budgeting,   financial   management,   management  analysis   and  administrative
services.  The  resources  will also be used to continue  to  provide support and
oversight   of   the   management  operations   of   the  National   Enforcement
Investigations  Center  (NEIC).    This  level  of  funding  will  also  provide
resources  for  budget   formulation  and  resource  distribution  for the  legal
enforcement functions of the ten Regional Counsels.

1989 Program

    In  1989,  the Agency  is allocating a total of  $478,900 supported  by 9.0
total workyears  for  this  program,  all  of  which  is from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation.

     The  program provides program direction  and management  support  for OECM.
In  addition  to  supporting  the  Assistant Administrator,  it  includes  the OECM
management   operations   functions.     The   Management  Operations  staff  is
responsible  for the internal program  planning,  budget  formulation,  financial
management,  and administrative  operations for  the  entire Office of Enforcement
and  Compliance  Monitoring,  as  well  as  budget  formulation  and  resource
distribution for  the enforcement functions of the ten Regional Counsels.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency obligated  $461,800  supported by  8.0  total  workyears
for   this   program,   all  of   which  was  from   the   Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.                                                         -

     This  program  provided basic  managerial  support  for  program  planning,
personnel, budget, financial management,  and administrative support services to
the Assistant Administrator"of  OECM.  In addition,  budget  formulation support
was provided to  the  NEIC,  Regional legal  enforcement,  and  the expanding and
increasingly  visible  Criminal  Investigation  Program.    In  1988,  emphasis   on
improving management systems  continued.   Many of  these  systems were automated
to  provide  more consistent  and timely  information  for  use  in enforcement
management.


PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - EXTERNAL AFFAIRS

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $779,700 supported by 11.7 total workyears,
for  this  program,  all  of  which   will  be   for  the  Salaries   and  Expenses
appropriation.   This  represents an increase of  $62,300  and no change in total
workyears  from  1989.    The  increase  will  provide  additional resources  for
increased personnel and support costs.   In 1990 this  office will continue the
full  coordination  of   the  staff  offices  in External  Affairs;   provide  the
necessary oversight, management, planning, and support services to these staff
offices;  and   support   the   Administrator  and   Assistant   Administrators  in
coordinating, representing and communicating the Agency's programs and policies
to Congress, the  public, government entities and the news media.
                                11-11

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1989 Program

     In 1989 the Agency is allocating total of $717,400 supported by 11.7 total
workyears  for  this program,  all of  which is from  the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.   Continued  emphasis  is placed on  strengthening  strategies  and|
procedures for  communicating better with outside groups by  informing affected
parties in a timely manner about Office of  External  Affairs (OEA) actions and
the decisions and risks the Agency must face.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988 the  Agency obligated a  total of $667,800  supported by 11.0 total
workyears  for  this program,  all of which was  from the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.   In  1988,  the  office worked to enhance a process to communicate
more effectively with the public and outside groups.  This program element also
provided management resources and  administrative support  necessary to support
the Offices of External Affairs and staff offices.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $3,008,700  supported  by  42.6  total
workyears for this program,  all  of which will  be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.   This represents  a  decrease of  $71,100  and a decrease  of 0.2
total workyears from 1989.   The  decrease in Salaries and Expenses results from
management efficiencies.                         .
     This program  will support senior  level  management of  the  Pesticides
Toxic   Substances   program   and   the  Immediate   Office   of   the   Assistant
Administrator  for  Pesticides  and  Toxic   Substances:,  as   well  as  partially
funding,  along  with  the  Office  of  Research  and  Development  (ORD) ,   the
activities  of the  Biotechnology  Science Advisory  Committee.    Key  activities
include:,  efficient  and  effective  general management ,. strategies planning, and
administrative and budget support.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the  Agency  is  allocating  a  total  of $3,079,800 supported by 42.8
total  workyears  for  this  program,   all  of  which  is  from the' Salaries and
Expenses appropriation.  These resources provide senior level management of the
Pesticides  and  Toxic  Substances  programs  and  the  Immediate  Office  of the
Assistant Administrator  for  Pesticides and Toxic Substances with  support,  as
well as partially  funding,  along with ORD,  the  activities of the Biotechnology
Science Advisory Committee.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988  the Agency obligated a total of $2,369,700 supported by 38.4  total
workyears for this  program,  all  of  which  was  from the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.     These   resources   provided  support   for  the  senior   level
management  of the  Pesticides  and  Toxic Substances programs and the  Immediate
Office of the Assistant  Administrator for Pesticides and  Toxic Substances and,
                               11-12

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along with the Office of Research and Development,  funded the activities of the
Biotechnology Science Advisory Committee.

PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - GENERAL COUNSEL

1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of  $518,300 supported by  10.5  workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents  an increase of  $28,500  and no change in  total workyears from
1989.   The  increase in Salaries and Expenses  reflects  increased  personnel and
support costs.

     The  request  will  support  planning,  budgeting,   financial  management,
management  analysis,   and  administrative  services to  the  Office of  General
Counsel.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the Agency is allocating  a total of $489,800  supported  by 10.5
total  workyears   for   this  program,  all  of  which is  from  the   Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation.

     The  program  provides  for  planning,  budgeting,   financial  management,
management  analysis,   and  administrative  services to  the  Office of  General
Counsel.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the Agency  obligated a total of $479,400  supported by 9.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which  was from the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.

     Activities focused on providing planning, analytical support, budgeting,
financial management,  and  administrative  services  to  the  Office of  General
Counsel.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total   of  $5,462,500  supported  by  62.4  total
workyears, all  of which will  be  for the Salaries and  Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease  of  $252,500 and  0.1  total workyears from 1989.  The
decreases reflect anticipated operating efficiencies.

     In   1990,  ORD's   program management   activities   will  provide  overall
direction,  scientific   policy  guidance  and  administrative   support   to  a
diversified research  program which  is  conducted in Headquarters in  12  major
laboratories  and  6  field  sites  across  the  country.   These  activities  will
ensure the coordination of research  efforts and efficient  use  of resources to
meet  the Agency's  research  requirements.    Specific  activities include  the
formulation and dissemination  of scientific  and managerial  policy  for  ORD,
                               11-13

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coordination of the research program planning and budgeting cycle,  development
of research strategies and program plans for a balanced and integrated program,
and the monitoring and analysis of current  year  resources,  research operations
and research products.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,715,000 supported by 62.5
total workyears,  all of  which is from the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.
Program  management  will  continue  to  coordinate  and  integrate  the  entire
research  and  development  effort of   the  Agency,   ensuring  that  the  needs
identified by program and Regional offices are met.

1988 Accomplishments

     The  Agency   obligated a  total  of  $4,683,000 supported  by  52.7  total
workyears  in  1988,   all  of  which  was  from  the   Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.   These  resources provided  for  the  overall direction,  policy
guidance,  management  analyses,  liaison  activities,   program  planning  and
budgeting, ORD's  information systems,  and general administrative support.


PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency   requests  a   total  of  $1,742,000  supported  by  28.0  total
workyears, all of which will  be  for  the Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $122,800 and a decrease  of 0.2 in workyears from
1989.  The  increase  in Salaries and Expenses reflects  increased personnel and|
support costs.

     This request will  allow  the Agency to continue  to maintain  a complete
administrative and programmatic  management team within the  Office  of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response  (OSWER).   This will provide for the full array of
policy development  and analysis  activities,  institutional and  public liaison
functions,  financial  management, and  other support activities for  the OSWER
programs.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency  is allocating  a  total of $1,619,200 supported by 28.2
total workyears,  all of which  is  from  the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.
This level  of resources provides for  a wide range  of support from  the OSWER
management  team  to the  Regions,  to the  program offices,  and  to  the Agency.
OSWER   program   management   activities  include   the   review  of  policy
recommendations and proposed regulations;  integration of both program and funds
control;   information  management;  property  management;   and   administrative
support.
                               11-14

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1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency  obligated a  total of  $1,860,900  supported by  30.4
total workyears,  all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
OSWER program  management integrated hazardous waste and  Superfund activities;
managed  the   review   of  policy  recommendations  and proposed  regulations;
maintained  effective  management controls;  and provided personnel,  financial,
administrative, and information management support to the  program offices.
                               11-15

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Office of the
Administrator

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT                                                 11-1

AGENCY MANAGEMENT
   Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices .  .- .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .11-16
      Immediate Office of the Administrator. ....	  11-19
      Office of Regional Operations	11-20
      Office of Executive Support	.  .  .	11-20
      Administrator's Representation Fund	11-21
      Office of International Activities	  	  11-22
      Office of Civil Rights .  .	  11-23
      Science Advisory Board	11-24
      Office of Administrative Law Judges.	  .  .  11-24
      Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization .....  11-25
   Office of Inspector General	  	  11-27-
      Office of Inspector General.  ....... 	  ..  11-28
   Office of General Counsel ....  	  ..........  11-31
      General Counsel.	".  .  11-32
   Office of External Affairs.	..  11-33
      Office of Legislative Analysis  	  .........  11-35
      Office of Congressional Liaison.  ....  	  	  11-36
      Office of Public Affairs	11-36
      Office of Community and Intergovernmental Relations	11-37
      Office of Federal Activities	11-38
   Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation 	  11-40
      Program Management - Policy,  Planning and Evaluation ......  11-42
      Integrated Environmental Management Program	11-43
      Office of Policy Analysis.	11-44
      Office of Standards and Regulations.	  11-46
      Office of Management Systems  and Evaluation.  	  11-47
      Pollution Prevention Program  ...........  	  .  11-49
   Office of Administration and Resources Management  	  11-51
      Program Management-Administration.  .....	  11-54
      Financial Management - Headquarters	11-55
      Office of the Comptroller	..  11-56
      Contracts and Grants Management - Headquarters  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .11-57
      Organization and Health Services  .  .  .  .  . .	  .  11-58
      Facilities and Management Services 	  	  11-59
      Information Systems and Services  .  .  	  ......  11-60
      Human Resources Management  .	11-61

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              AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices

ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Immediate Office of the
Administrator
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Regional
Operations
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Executive
Support
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Administrator's
Representation Fund
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of International
Activities
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Office of Civil Rights
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Science Advisory Board
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of
Administrative Law
Judges
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
$1,953.3
$1,953.3
$489.7
$489.7
$921.9
$921.9
$2.9
$2.9
$1^593.0
$1,593.0
$1,486.7
$1,486.7
$1,317.2
$1,317.2
$896.7
$896.7
$2,120.3
$2,120.3
$383.8
$383.8
$998.1
$998.1
$3.0
$3.0
$1,619.9
$1,619.9
$1,481.9
$1,481.9
$1,440.3
$1,440.3
$1,050.4
$1,050.4
$2,120.3
$2,120.3
$383.8
$383.8
$997.3
$997.3
$3.0
$3.0
$1,779.8
$432.5
$2,212.3
$1,476.4
$1,476.4
$1,438.0
$1,438.0
$1,050.4
$1,050.4
$2,182.3
$2,182.3
$409.4
$409.4
$1,045.3
$1,045.3
$5.0
$5.0
$1,831.8
$440.0
$2,271.8
$1,528.4
$1,528.4
$1,482.0
$1,482.0
$1,130.5
$1,130.5
$62.0
$62.0
$25.6
$25.6
$48.0
$48.0
$2.0
$2.0
$52.0
$7.5
$59.5
$52.0
$52.0
- $44.0
$44.0
$80.1
$80.1
  11-16

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                                                   AGENCY MANAGEMENT
                                     Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989             .  1990 VS 1989
Office of Small &
Disadvantaged Business
Utilization
 Salaries & Expenses
                       TOTAL
                                                       (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
  $547.6     $513.9     $513.1     $537.1
  $547.6     $513.9     $513.1     $537.1
                                  $24.0
                                  $24.0
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
$9,209.0   $9,611.6    $9762.1  $10,151.8
                        $432.5  •   $440.0
 Office of the
 Administrator/
 Executive Offices     TOTAL   $9,209.0   $9,611.6  $10,194.6  $10,591.8
                                 $389.7
                                   $7.5
                                               $397.2
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Immediate Office of the
Administrator

Office of Regional
Operations

Office of Executive
Support

Office of International.
Activities

Office of Civil Rights

Science Advisory Board

Office of
Administrative Law
Judges

Office of Small &
Disadvantaged Business
Utilization

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
    30.8
     6.2
    21.8
    23.3
     7.4
   143.5
 35.3
  5.0
 24.8
 24 .-0
  6.9
151.2
 34.8
  5.0
 24.8
 27.0
  6.9
153.7
 37.8
  5.0
 24.8
 28.0
 3.0
  6.9
169.1
 1.0
23.7
13.2
17.1
23.8
14.6
16.8
23.8
14.6
16.8
24.8
24.4
17.4
1.0
9.8
6
15.4
                                      11-17

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Administrative Law
Judges

Office of Small &
Disadvantaged Business
Utilization

TOTAL WORKYEARS
                                                   AGENCY MANAGEMENT
                                     Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989                1990 VS 1989
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Immediate Office of the
Administrator
Office of Regional
Operations
Office of Executive
Support
Office of International
Activities
Office of Civil Rights
Science Advisory Board
Office of

32.6
6.6
22.9
24.9
24.6
19.6 •
17.1

38.3
5.0
24.8
25.0
24.8
24.4
17.4

37.8
5.0
24.8
28.0
24.8
24.4
17.4

37.8
5.0
24.8
28.0
24.8
24.4
17.4
  7.4
155.7
  6.9
166.6
'  6.9
169.1
  6.9
169.1
                                       11-18

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                               MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT


                                 Agency Management


                   Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
Budget Request

     The  Agency requests  a  total of  $10,591,800  supported by  169.1  total
workyears in  1990.   This represents  an  increase of $397,200 and  no  change in
total  workyears from  1989.   Of  the  request,   $10,151,800  will  be for  the
Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation  and  $440,000 will  be for  the  Abatement,
Control, and Compliance Appropriation.


IMMEDIATE OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency requests a  total  of $2,182,300  and 37.8 total workyears  for
this  program,  all  of  which  is  for  the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.
This  represents  an increase of  $62,000  and no change  in  total  workyears from
1989.   The  increase in Salaries and  Expenses  reflects  increased personnel  and
support costs.  The Office  is  responsible  for  Agency policy  and direction,  and
for setting environmental goals.   In 1990,  emphasis will be put on the Judicial
Officer function  to accommodate the  expanding number of  requests  sent  to  the
Judicial  Officer  for  final  decision,  especially  the  Resource Conversation  and
Recovery  Act  permits  and civil  penalty cases which are  expected  to increase
over the next several years.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is  allocating a  total of $2,120,300 supported by 37.8
total  workyears for  this  program,   all  of  which  is  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation.   The  major  priorities  in  the  Immediate Office are:
increased emphasis  on enforcement  and compliance  efforts  of  both environmental
and  civil  rights  regulations,   continued  delegations  to   State  and  local
governments,  on-going  support of  enhanced science  as a  basis for  decision-
making,  and use of improved methodologies for managing risk.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency  obligated  a  total  of  $1,953,300   supported by 32.6
total workyears  for   this   program,   all   of which was from the Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation.    The  major  focus  of  activity .was enforcement  and
compliance  efforts to  ensure  better internal  management,   and  to  meet  the
increased number  of requests sent to the  Judicial Officer  function  for final
decision.
                               11-19

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OFFICE OF REGIONAL OPERATIONS

1990 Program Request                                  '

     The Agency requests  a  total of $409,400 supported by  5.0 total workyears^
for this program, all of  which  is  for  the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents  an  increase of  $25,600  and no change in total workyears from
1989.  The  increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects  increased personnel and
support  costs.  The  Office  will continue  to ensure  that  the Administrator's
policies are effectively  communicated  to  the  Regional  Administrators;  that the
Administrator is alerted  to  potential  Regional problems and concerns;  and that
the  Administrator  is assisted  in  managing significant Regional issues.   The
Office  will  also  continue to  address  the basic management needs  of  the
Environmental  Services  Divisions  and  will  continue  to advise the  Regional
Offices on risk reduction and management.

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the  Agency  is  allocating  a total  of  $383,800 and 5.0  total
workyears, all of which is  from the Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.  The
Office provides a key communications link between the Administrator and the ten
Regional  offices,  and  plays  an active part  in Regional budget issues.   The
Office also has put emphasis on providing guidance for and oversight of the ten
Environmental Services Divisions.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency  obligated  a total of $489,700 and  6.6 total workyears
for  this   program,   all  of  which   was  from   the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.   The  Office   ensured that   the  Administrator's policies  werej
effectively communicated  to  the  Regional Administrators,  that  the Regions were
included  in the  policy-making  and decision-making  processes,  and that  the
Administrator was kept  informed  of  Regional  concerns and  issues.   In addition,
the  Office  carried  out  its  responsibility as the  Headquarters focal point for
the Agency's Environmental Services Divisions.


OFFICE OF EXECUTIVE SUPPORT

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total of  $1,045,300  .supported by  24.8  total
workyears  for  this  program,  all  of  which  is  for the  Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation.  This  represents  an  increase of  $48,000 and no change  in total
workyears from 1989.  The increase  in  Salaries  and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and support  costs.   This Office will continue  to provide monitoring
of  resource  expenditures, develop  the outyear budget  for  the  staff  offices,
provide  centralized personnel  and management  support services,   and  provide
assistance  to  staff offices with recruitment, staffing,  and  property  control.
The Office will continue  to  prepare a  yearly  report to Congress on the cost to
the Agency  and  to  the  public of/administering the Freedom  of Information Act,
to provide policy and program oversight on the  Freedom of Information program,
and to manage and track executive and Congressional correspondence.
                               11-20

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1989 Program

     In 1989,  the  Agency is  allocating  a total of $997,300  supported by 24.8
total  workyears  for  this  program,  all  of  which is  from  the Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation.    The Office  is responsible  for monitoring  resource
expenditures,  developing  the outyear budget  for the  staff  offices,  providing
centralized personnel and management support services,  and providing assistance
to staff offices with recruitment, staffing,  and property control.   The Office
continues to prepare a yearly report to  Congress on the cost to the Agency and
to  the public  of  administering  the Freedom of  Information Act,  to provide
policy and program oversight on  the Freedom  of  Information  Act,  and  to manage
and track executive and Congressional correspondence.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the Agency  obligated a total  of $921,900  supported by 22.9 total
workyears for  this program,  all  of which  was  from the  Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation.    The  Office  completed  monthly  financial  and  operating plan
reports,  developed  the outyear  budget   for the staff  offices,  and  conducted
workload analyses for Regional Management.  In addition, it provided assistance
and  staffing plan  development, program  management services,  and resource  and
computer planning  studies for the Administrator's  staff offices.  The Office
logged,  controlled   and   monitored  all   Freedom  of   Information  requests,
Congressional correspondence, and correspondence addressed to the Administrator
and the Deputy Administrator.


ADMINISTRATOR'S REPRESENTATION FUND

1990 Program Request                               .

     The Agency  requests  a  total, of $5,0.00 for this  program,  all  of  which is
for  the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation.   This represents  an  increase of
$2,000 from 1989.  This increase  will be the first  increase since 1979 and will
provide  the  Administrator  the   resources  necessary   to  meet  the  expanding
requirements for official reception and  meetings for visiting dignitaries.  The
increase will  also help  offset  the increased cost  of these  functions  over the
past 10 years.

1989 Program                              .

     In 1989,  the  Agency  is allocating  a total  of  $3,000 to this program,  all
of which  is  from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.   These funds are to
cover the expenses  of official receptions and other functions.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $2,900 for this function from the
Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.    This amount  .covered  the  expenses  of
official receptions and other functions.
                                11-21

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OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $2,271,800  supported  by  28.0  total
workyears for this Office, of which $1,831,800 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation  and  $440,000  is  for  the  Abatement,   Control,  and  Compliance
appropriation.   This  represents  an increase  of $52,000  in the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation,  $7,500  in  the  Abatement,   Control  and  Compliance
appropriation  and no  change  in total workyears  from 1989.   The  increase  in
Salaries  and Expenses  reflects  increased personnel  and  support  costs.   The
Office  will  continue  to  manage  the Agency's   international  activities  and
programs  with  an   active   role     in  bilateral  agreements,   such  as  the
transboundary  pollution  management  agreements  with  Mexico and  Canada,  and
international organizations.   In 1990, the Office's activities  will focus on a
host of global and  Regional  air pollution  issues  involving policy formulation,
intra- and  inteiragency coordination, and international negotiations.   Emphasis
will be  three-fold:  on  global climate  change,  particularly to  influence  the
policies  and activities of United Nations  Environment Program (UNEP)  and  the
World Meteorological  Organization  (WMO); on  acid  precipitation  from sulfur  and
nitrogen  oxides,  including the design and implementation of Regional  accords
and  international conventions; and  on  urban air  pollution from  vehicles  and
other sources.  In addition, the Office will play an active role in emphasizing
the  marine  environment,  extending   its  responsibilities   to  include  policy
formulation, intra-and interagency coordination and international  negotiations.

1989 Program

    In 1989,  the  Agency is allocating a total of $2,212,300 supported  by 28.0
total workyears  to  this Office, of  which  $1,779,800  is from the  Salaries  andj
Expenses  appropriation  and  $432,500  is  from  the  Abatement  Control,  and
Compliance   appropriation.     The   Office   continues   to   provide   guidance,
coordination, and exchange of scientific  and technical information on a regular
basis  in  support  of  Agency  programs and  fosters agreed  upon approaches  to
common environmental  problems with border countries.   In 1989,  the  Office  is
playing  a  more  active  role  with  international  organizations including  the
Organization  for Economic  Cooperation  and  Development,   the  United  Nations
Environment  Program  and the Economic Commission for Europe.   In  addition,  the
Office will  be  serving as the  U.S. coordinator  for  the North  Atlantic Treaty
Organization's (NATO) Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society (CCMS).

1988 Accomplishments

    The Agency  obligated a  total  of $1,593,000  and  24.9 total workyears  for
this program,  all of which was  from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Dealing with border  pollution  problems  with Canada  and Mexico dominated  the
focus  of  OIA.  This  included negotiations  with  Canada  on transboundary  air
quality issues  including ozone,  and  negotiations with Mexico concerning a  new
border agreement  on  control  of border  sanitation problems.   New initiatives
were also  taken in support  of bilateral cooperation with the  USSR  and China.
Emphasis was  also directed  to facilitating trade and  environmental  aspects  of
trade in chemicals and shipment of hazardous wastes.
                               11-22

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OFFICE OF CIVIL RIGHTS

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $1,528,400  supported  by  24.8  total
workyears  for  this program,  all of  which is  for the  Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation.   This  represents  an  increase of $52,000  and no  change  in total
workyears from 1989.  The  increase in  Salaries  and Expenses  reflects increased
personnel and support costs.  In 1990,  the Office of Civil Rights will  continue
to  provide  technical  guidance  and  direction  to  the  Agency's  civil  rights
efforts;  provide   policy  guidance  and  implementation  of  the  discrimination
complaints  processing  system;  increase   policy  monitoring  and  support  for
Regional  Civil  Rights Offices,  as  well  as for  Headquarters Office  of Civil
Rights;   provide   continuous   monitoring   of  affirmative  action  plan
implementation;  expand    and  improve  the  Equal  Employment   Opportunity (EEO)
counseling    program  to  resolve  complaints   through   informal  conciliation;
strengthen and improve the special emphasis programs by conducting seminars and
workshops for special emphasis employees and Agency managers;  increase  quantity
and quality  of  EEO reviews and studies; and improve  the implementation of the
Agency  regulations   regarding  non-discrimination  in   Federally     assisted
programs.   Emphasis will  be put on reducing  the average processing  time for
complaints of discrimination to comply with the regulatory limit and providing
increased management support and quality control through on-sight evaluations.

1989 Program

    The Agency is allocating a total  of $1,476,400 and 24.8 total workyears for
this  Office,  all  of  which  is from the  Salaries and  Expenses appropriation.
These resources enable the  Office of Civil Rights (OCR)  to continue to provide
technical  guidance  and  direction for  the  Agency's Civil Rights  efforts.   The
Office  is  strengthening  and  improving  the   special  emphasis  programs  by
conducting  seminars  and  workshops  for special  emphasis employees  and Agency
managers,  and  continues  to  conduct   EEO reviews  and studies  and  provide
management  support and  quality  control  through  on-site program  evaluations.
OCR   continues    to   implement   the   Agency's   regulations    regarding  "non-
discrimination in Federally-assisted programs.

1988 Accomplishments

    The  Agency  obligated  a  total  of  $1,486,700  supported  by  24.6  total
workyears  for  this program,  all  of  which  was  from the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.  The Office of Civil Rights carried out national equal employment
opportunity  monitoring   and  enforcement  programs;    managed   the  Agency's
affirmative  action program, special emphasis  programs  and  the discrimination
complaints  program;  implemented regulations and programs requiring EPA grant
recipients  to adhere  to  the civil rights  laws  and labor standard requirements
of applicable Federal statutes; and served as  the Agency's  focal point for the
Historically Black Colleges and Universities program.   Specifically, the Office
evaluated  activities  required  to  carry out  the Agency's responsibilities  to
assure.equal opportunity and to prohibit  discrimination  in employment at EPA;
ensured  implementation  of  the  Agency's  Special  Emphasis   Programs  (Federal
Women's,  Hispanic Employment  and Black Employment Programs);  implemented and
monitored  the Agency's Affirmative Action  Plans to remedy under representation
in  the workforce; and  assured compliance  by  Agency grantees  and contractors
                                11-23

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with  provisions of  civil  rights  laws  and  labor  standards  requirements  of
applicable Federal statutes.


SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD

1990 Program Request

    The Agency requests a total of $1,482,000 supported by 24.4 total workyears
for this program, all  of  which  is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This  represents  an  increase of  $44,000  and no change  in  total  workyears from
1989.  The  increase  in Salaries  and  Expenses  reflects  increased personnel and
support costs.   In 1990,  approximately  78 regulatory issues will be identified
for the Science Advisory Board (SAB) to review.  The increased number of issues
will include 9 new water reviews related to the Safe Drinking Water Act.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency  is  allocating  a total of $1,438,000 supported by 24.4
total  workyears for   this  program,  all of  which  is  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation.     The   Science  Advisory  Board  is providing  expert,
independent  advice  to the  Administrator and  the  Agency on 61  scientific and
technical issues before the Agency.

1988 Accomplishments

    The  Agency  obligated  a  total  of   $1,317,200  supported  by  19.6  total
workyears for  this  program,  all of which  was from the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation. The SAB was  involved in  56 reviews during 1988.   Included among
these  reviews   were   issues   relating   to   hazardous   air  pollutants,  toxici
substances,   ozone  in  drinking water, municipal  waste  combustion,  radiological
protection,  and  radon.


OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES (ALJ)

1990 Program Request

    The Agency requests a total of $1,130,500 supported by 17.4 total workyears
for this program, all  of  which  is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This  represents   an  increase of  $80,100  and  no  change  in total workyears from
1989.  The  increase  in Salaries  and  Expenses  reflects  increased personnel and
support costs.   In 1990,  this  Office  will continue to preside over and conduct
hearings required by  the Administrative  Procedures  Act related  to suspension,
cancellation,  licensing  and enforcement  actions,  including the  assessment of
civil  penalties  initiated by  the Agency. Preliminary  estimates  indicate that
there  will  be approximately  1,100 cases on  the Office of Administrative Law
Judges' docket,  an increase of approximately 150 cases from 1988.

1989 Program

    In 1989,  the Agency  is allocating a  total of $1,050,400 supported by 17.4
total  workyears for   this  program,  all of  which  is  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation.   The ALJ expects to  receive  approximately 1,050 cases
                               11-24

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from EPA Regional offices  in  1989.   Of this total,  approximately 220 cases are
expected to  be under  the  Resource  Conservation  and Recovery Act  (RCRA),  550
cases  under   the  Toxic  Substances  Control  Act  (TSCA),  145  cases under  the
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act  (FIFRA),  and  35  cases under
the  Safe  Drinking  Water  Act (SDWA).  In  addition,  this  Office will  handle
approximately  135  cases  originating  at  Headquarters,  including suspensions;
cancellations;  Sec.  3(c)(l)(D)   of   the  Federal   Insecticide,   Fungicide  and
Rodenticide Act (FIFRA); and Clean Air Act cases.

1988 Accomplishments

    In 1988,   the Agency obligated  a  total of $896,700 and 17.1 total workyears
for  this  program,   all  of  which  was   from  the   Salaries   and  Expenses
appropriation. This Office maintained a docket of  934  cases.  Of these cases,
205 were under RCRA; 532 were under TSCA;  and 140 cases were under FIFRA.
OFFICE OF SMALL AND DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS UTILIZATION

1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total of $537,100 supported by  6.9 total workyears
for  this  program,  all  of  which will  be  for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation. This  represents  an increase of  $24,000 and no  change  in total
workyears from 1989.  The increase in  Salaries  and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and support costs.   The 'Office  will continue to  provide technical
assistance to both Headquarters and Regional program office personnel to ensure
that small,  minority  and/or women's businesses  are receiving  a "fair share" of
procurement dollars under EPA's Financial Assistance Program.   In addition, the
ombudsman will  respond to  approximately  8,000  inquiries  from small  firms on
regulatory matters  and will  provide  advice on the many new  regulations  that
will bring about the  desired  level of  voluntary compliance  to several thousand
small businesses.

1989 Program

    The  Agency  is  allocating  a  total  of $513,100  supported  by 6.9  total
workyears for this  program,  all  of which  is  from  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.  In  1989,  emphasis is being   placed  on  handling  additional
"Hotline" calls,  implementing  a Small Business  Ombudsman Strategy,  creating
business  regulatory  outreach  demonstration projects,  and promoting  Minority
Business  Enterprise  and Women's  Business Enterprise  participation  in  the
Agency's  financial  assistance programs to  comply with Executive  Order 12432.
In addition,  the Office will monitor  and provide advice   on  the  many   new
regulations    that   will    bring   about    the  desired  level  of  voluntary
compliance by several thousand small businesses.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency  obligated a  total of  $547,600  supported by 7.4 total
workyears for this program,  all of which  was  from the Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.   The  Office  coordinated activities with EPA's  procurement and
financial assistance  programs by  providing training  and  technical assistance;
provided  .assistance   toward  increasing   the   level  of  Minority  Business
                                11-25

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Enterprise/Women's Business Enterprise  (MBE/WBE)  participation in EPA-assisted
programs;  provided  technical  and  managerial  assistance  to  Headquarters  and
Regional  staff  assigned  to  socio-economic program  activities,  and counseled
minority and women's businesses in compliance with Executive Order 12432.
                                11-26

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Office of Inspector
     General

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                                                   AGENCY MANAGEMENT
                                            Office of the Inspector General

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Office of Inspector
General
 Salaries & Expenses
 Office of Inspector
 General
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Office of Inspector
 General
       $15,558.1  $16,245.7  $16,193.9
                                        $21,417.4

TOTAL  $15,558.1  $16,245.7  $16,193.9  $21,417.4
       $15,558.1  $16,245.7  $16,193.9
                                        $21,417.4
TOTAL  $15,558.1  $16,245.7  $16,193.9  $21,417.4
                             •$16,193.9
                              $21,417.4
                             •$16,193.9
                               $5,223.5
                             •$16,193.9
                              $21,417.4
                               $5,223.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS '
Office of Inspector
General

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
           220.8
           220.8
227.4
227.4
226.8
226.8
242.8
242.8
16.0


16.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Office of Inspector
General

TOTAL WORKYEARS
           224.7
           224.7
227.4
227.4
226.8
226.8
242.8
242.8
16.0
16.0
                                       11-27

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                            MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT


                               Agency Management


                          Office of Inspector General
Budget Request
     The  Agency  requests  a  total of  $21,417,400  supported by  242.8  total
workyears for 1990, an increase of $5,223,500 and 16 total workyears from 1989.
All  of  this  request  will be  for activities  in the  Office of the  Inspector
General  appropriation that  were  transferred  from  the  Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation.


OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL

1990 Program Request                         :      •

     The  Agency  requests  a  total of  $21,417,400  supported by  242.8  total
workyears, all  of which  will be for activities  in  the Office of the Inspector
General  appropriation that  were  transferred  from  the  Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation.    This  represents  an   increase  of  $5,223,500  and  16  total
workyears from  1989.   We  will  use  these resources  to  (1)  provide  audits of
construction  grants,   including  mega-grantees,   that  save  the  most  Agency
dollars;  (2)    help build  State and local  capacity through  audits  of States'
Revolving Fund  plans  to  assist States  in establishing and administering their
programs  according to statute;  (3)  investigate  construction grant  fraud;  (4)
support  the  Agency  personnel  security program and  the  OIG human  resources
development  program;  and  (5)  provide  support  costs  such  as  rent,  ADP,  and
telecommunications.  As a  result of newly enacted  legislation,  the  OIG now has
a separate appropriation which includes the above staff support costs.

     The  resources  requested will be used  by the Office  of Inspector General
(OIG) to continue  conducting internal and  management audits  to  improve  the
economy,  efficiency,  and  effectiveness  of  EPA programs  and  to  provide  and
expand audit coverage to EPA programs, and operations which have received little
or no previous  attention.   The  OIG will  emphasize  reviewing programs  aimed at
achieving environmental  results and ensuring  strong enforcement including (1)
air and water quality, (2)  hazardous waste disposal, (3) pesticides  and toxics,
and (4)  asbestos  grants and loans.   The OIG will expand its program of external
audits  of grants and contracts  which  have historically recovered  over  $14 in
costs for each  audit dollar spent and initiate audits of State Revolving Funds.

     The  OIG will also expand  investigations  of  antitrust  activities and other
construction-related " fraud  and  will  aggressively  pursue  new  initiatives,
including examinations of possible antitrust activities, the use of substandard
materials by architectural and engineering firms and conspiracies to defraud by
contract  laboratories.  By focusing efforts  on fraud cases in vulnerable areas
and  by  taking  more proactive initiatives,  the  OIG expects  to  obtain greater
results,  including more indictments,  convictions,   and  monetary recoveries.
                               11-28

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The  OIG will  continue  its efforts  in  fraud  prevention  by publicizing  OIG
activities  to  EPA  employees,  identifying  areas  sensitive  to  fraud,  and
developing new fraud detection tools and methods.

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the Agency  is  allocating  a total  of $16,193,900  supported  by
226.8  total  workyears,  all  of  which  is  from  the  Salaries  and  Expense
appropriation.  The OIG is continuing to perform internal and management audits
needed  to  help  improve  the  economy,  efficiency,  and  effectiveness  of  the
Agency's overall program operations.  Primary emphasis is on reviewing programs
or areas in which insufficient audit resources have been devoted.  For example,
this  includes  such  reviews  as  EPA's  controls  over  the  importation  and
exportation of  hazardous wastes,  enforcement  of  standards  for non-community
water systems, enforcement of the national emission standards for asbestos,  and
the  enforcement  of  financial  penalties  and  closures  of sites  for  hazardous
waste violations.  Such reviews  assist  Agency managers  to identify and correct
major systemic problems which in turn strengthen environmental programs.  These
reviews help the Agency meet its  mission  while  ensuring that limited resources
are used more efficiently and effectively.

     The  OIG  investigative  resources  are  devoted  to  conducting  criminal
investigations relating  to  EPA programs and  operations.   Major investigations
cover  bid  rigging  and  other  fraud  in  EPA-funded construction  activities;
procurement fraud; false claims; fraud and misconduct concerning EPA employees;
and  administrative  investigations of improprieties  involving EPA programs  and
personnel.   New initiatives have been aggressively started to identify fraud in
the  contract   laboratory  program   and   use  of   substandard   materials   in
construction projects.  Efforts  are  continuing to encourage  the  use  of the  OIG
hotline  to  uncover  instances  of suspected  fraud,  waste,  and  mismanagement.)
Under the  fraud  prevention program,  the  OIG  is providing  technical  and audit
assistance  to  the  Agency  assessing  the  adequacy  of  internal  controls  as
required by the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act of 1982.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency obligated  a total of $15,558,100  supported by 224.7
total workyears,  all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The  Office  of Inspector  General issued  1,920  audit reports  which  questioned
costs of $484,200,000.  Overall, $53,000,000 of costs questioned were sustained
by  Agency  management.   During  the  year,  the  Agency obtained  $47,700,000  of
costs efficiencies  and $42,900,000  of  actual  cash  recoveries as a  result  of
audit  efforts.    An  expanded  internal  and  management  audit  program  was
implemented and  about 35 percent of the  OIG audit resources were  devoted  to
examining many critical areas  which  had not previously  been audited.   Internal
audits  provided  recommendations  for  improving  the  effectiveness,  efficiency,
and  results of EPA  program  operations.   Investigative  activities  focusing  on
major civil and criminal violations have resulted in the recovery of $1,655,026
in fines and restitution.

     Key improvements  resulting  from OIG  audits  included:  (1)  strengthening
inspections and enforcement of hazardous air pollutants standards for asbestos;
(2) strengthening of controls  over  the  permitting  of hazardous waste sites;
(3) developing and enacting  an enforcement strategy  over the export and import
                                11-29

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of hazardous wastes;  and (4)  initiating an aggressive  action  plan to identify
and enforce closings of hazardous waste sites.   The.OIG opened 290 new investi-
gations and closed 264 investigations, obtaining 67 indictments or convictions.
Significant results were achieved in investigations of construction-related
fraud, and bribery in the inspection of asbestos removal,  and the submission of
fraudulent documentation involving emissions testing of foreign vehicles.  The
OIG also  initiated  a fraud prevention and detection  awareness  program for EPA
managers to encourage and improve their recognition and reporting of possible
fraud and abuse.
                               11-30

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    Office of
General Counsel

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                                                   AGENCY MANAGEMENT
                                               Office of General Counsel

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

PROGRAM
Office of General
Counsel
 Salaries & Expenses           $7,255.9   $7,223.0   $7,190.5   $7,864.5      $674.0
                       TOTAL   $7,255.9   $7,223.0   $7,190.5   $7,864.5      $674.0

TOTAL:                                                     .           .        -
 Salaries & Expenses           $7,255.9   $7,223.0   $7,190.5   $7,864.5      $674.0

 Office of General
 Counsel               TOTAL   $7,255.9   $7,223.0   $7,190.5   $7,864.5      $674.0


PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Office of General    '             105.7      117.9      117.5      125.7         8.2
Counsel

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS         105.7      117.9      117.5      125.7         8.2
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Office of General                 115.4      125.1      124.7      125.7         1.0
Counsel

TOTAL WORKYEARS                   115.4      125.1      124.7      125.7         1.0
                                       11-31

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                            MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT


                               Agency Management


                           Office of General Counsel
Budget Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $7,864,500   supported  by  125.7  total
workyears  for 1990,  an increase  of  $674,000  and  an increase  of 1.0  total
workyears from 1989.  All of  the  request will be for the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.

GENERAL COUNSEL

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $7,864,500 supported by 125.7 workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an  increase of  $674,000  and  an increase of 1.0 total workyears
from  1989.    The  increase will provide  for  additional legal  support to  the
Agency's procurement program,  and for increased personnel  and support costs.

     The Office of  General Counsel  (OGC)  will provide  legal advice and counsel
to Agency management  and media  program offices  concerning  legal interpretation
of   EPA   administered  statutes,   other  applicable   laws,   regulations   and
administrative areas  such  as  personnel,  grants,  contracts, and access by  the
public to EPA held  information.   The OGC will handle litigation in which EPA is
a  defendant.    Legal  support  and  review  will be  provided   for  all  major
regulatory actions, policy documents and  guidelines  to insure  that legal  error
is avoided.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,190,500 supported by 124.7
total  workyears   for  this  program,  all  of  which   is from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation.   The  1989 program provides  continued support to Agency
program  priorities through  legal  advice and  assistance,  handling  defensive
litigation,  review  of Agency  rulemaking  actions,  and participating in selected
administrative proceedings.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency obligated a total  of $7,255,900 supported  by  115.4
total workyears, all of which was from the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.
In  1988,  the  OGC  supported  Agency  priorities by  providing legal  advice  and
support  to  Agency  managers  and by  defending  the  Agency   in  litigation  filed
against it.  OGC also reviewed regulatory actions to ensure legal defensibility
and provided  advice on  other  actions,  such as grants,  contracts, and personnel
matters.
                               11-32

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   Office of
External Affairs

-------
                                                  AGENCY MANAGEMENT
                                               Office  of External  Affairs
. . ACTUAL
1988
PROGRAM
Office of
Analysis
Salaries

Office of
Liaison
Salaries

Office of
Affairs
Salaries

Office of
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989 .
REQUEST
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Legislative

& Expenses
TOTAL
Congressional

& Expenses
TOTAL
Public

& Expenses
TOTAL
Community and


$904
$904


$935
$935


$2,781
$2,781



.2
.2


.4
.4


.2
.2



$1,004.
$1,004.


$938.
$938.


$2,691.
$2,691.



7
7


8
8


3
3



$991.
$991.


$931.
$931.


$2,690.
$2,690.



7
7


1
1


2
2



$1,078
$1,078


$1,012
$1,012


$2,994
$2,994



.4
.4


.5
.5


.2
.2



$86
$86


$81
$81


$304
; $304



.7
.7


.4
.4


.0
.0

Intergovernmental
Relations
Salaries

Office of
Activities
Salaries


& Expenses
TOTAL
Federal

& Expenses
TOTAL

$755
$755


$1,830
$1,830

.3
.3


.0
.0

$879.
$879.


$1,930.
$1,930.

3
3


3
3

$876.
$876.


$1,980.
$1,980.

0
0


3
3

$952
$952


$2,161
$2,161

.6
.6


.1
.1

$76
$76


$180
$180

.6
.6


.8
.8
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses

 Office of External
 Affairs
TOTAL
        $7,206.1   $7,444.4   $7,469.3   $8,198.8      $729.5
$7,206.1   $7,444.4   $7,469.3   $8,198.8      $729.5
                                       11-33

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            AGENCY MANAGEMENT
        Office of External Affairs
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Office of Legislative 14.9 16..4 16.4 19.8
Analysis
Office of Congressional 17.8 19.0 19.0 20.8
Liaison
Office of Public Affairs 40.5 38.5 38.5 43.5
Office of Community and 10.6 14.4 14.4 14.4
Intergovernmental Relations
Office of Federal 27.0 28.3 28.3 31.9
Activities
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 110.8 116.6 . 116.6 130.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Office of Legislative 17.2 20.1 19.8 19.8
Analysis
Office of Congressional 19.8 20.9 20.8 20.8
Liaison
Office of Public Affairs 45.9 42.5 42.5 43.5
Office of Community and 11.6 14.4 14.4 14.4
Intergovernmental Relations
Office of Federal Activities 30.6 30.9 30.9 31.9
TOTAL WORKYEARS 125.1 128.8 128.4 130.4
3.4
1.8
5.0

3.6

13.8


1.0

1.0
2.0
11-34

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                               MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT


                                 Agency Management


                             Office of External Affairs
Budget Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $8,198,800  supported  by  130.4  total
workyears for 1990, an  increase of  $729,500  and  2.0 total workyears from 1989.
All of the request will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
OFFICE OF LEGISLATIVE ANALYSIS

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $1,078,400  supported  by  19.8  total
workyears  for  1990,  all  of  which will  be  for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.  This  represents  an increase of $86,700  and no  change in total
workyears  from  1989.    The  increase will  provide for increased  personnel and
support costs.  During 1990, the Office will continue to ensure that testimony,
draft legislation, and analyses and reports on' pending and proposed legislation
will be developed and provided to  OMB  and  the  Congress in a timely fashion and
consistent with Agency and Administration policies.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the Agency is  allocating  a  total of  $991,700  supported by 19.8
total workyears for this Office,  all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.    The   1989   program   includes   developing  draft  legislative
proposals  extending  the appropriations  required  for  seven  of EPA's  major
statutory authorities.  In addition,  the Office will conduct extensive analyses
in connection with  a  multitude of significant amendments  to the  Clean Air Act
and  other  air related  issues.   The  Office  also  has begun  preparation  of the
1989 legislative program and selected areas in which legislative proposals were
considered  for  possible  introduction  during  the  remainder  of • the  101st
Congress.

1988 Accomplishments

     "in 1988, the Agency  obligated a total  of  $904,200 supported by 17.2 total
workyears  for this Office,  all  of which  was from  the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.  The Office  developed draft  legislative proposals  extending the
appropriations required for all of EPA's major statutory authorities.   In 1988,
the  Office developed  testimony and related  material  for  109 hearings, reviewed
and  responded  to  145 bills  referred  to the Agency  from OMB and Congressional
committees, 120 draft  legislative  reports  proposed by other  agencies, and 172
statements or testimony of other agencies.
                               11-35

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OFFICE OF CONGRESSIONAL LIAISON

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $1,012,500  supported  by  20.8  total
workyears  for  1990,  all  of  which will  be  for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.  This  represents  an increase of $81,400  and  no  change in total
workyears.   The  increase will  provide for  increased  personnel and  support
costs.  The budget  request will  enable  the  Office to provide effective day-to-
day  liaison  with  the  Congress  and  will   ensure that  increasing member  and
committee requests are handled in a timely  manner.  The Office will continue to
represent the views of  the Agency  to Congress,  coordinate EPA related hearings
and supervise daily interaction with Congressional members and staff.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the  Agency is  allocating  a  total  of  $931,100- supported  by 20.8
total workyears for this Office,  all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.   The  Office  will  continue  to  provide effective  day-to-day
liaison with Congress  as it  examines  legislation  relating to  environmental
issues.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency  obligated a total  of  $935,400 supported by 19.8 total
workyears  for this Office,  all  of which  was  from  the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.   The Office  of Congressional Liaison  was responsible  for  all
day-to-day Congressional contacts,  including more than 250 briefings of members
and/or  staff,  involvement in  approximately  108 hearings, and  coordination of
numerous meetings,  courtesy calls,  specific Committee investigative information
requests and casework generated by Congress.


OFFICE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $2,994,200  supported  by  43.5  total
workyears  for  1990,  all  of  which will   be  for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.  This represents an increase of $304,000 and 1.0 total workyears
from 1989.  The increase will support an EPA consumer affairs ombudsman as well
as  increased personnel  and  support  costs.   In  1990,  the  Office  of  Public
Affairs will  continue to  inform, educate,  and  involve  the public on the issues
before the Agency and to  promote understanding  of the  Agency's mission and the
Administrator's goals and objectives.

1989 Program
      •
     In 1989, the Agency  is  allocating  a total  of $2,690,200 supported by 42.5
total workyears for this Office,  all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
                               11-36

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appropriation.   In  addition  to working  with  the  news  media and  providing
informational  materials  for  the   general  public,  OPA   is  emphasizing:  (1)
improving coordination within the Agency of communication activities related to
major  Agency actions,  and  (2)  strengthening  long  range  planning of  public
information activities  in  coordination  with major EPA program  offices  and the
Regional offices.


1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency  obligated a  total of  $2,781,200 supported by 45.9
total  workyears  for  this  Office,  all  of  which was  from  the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation.  In addition to the general activities of informing the
news media and providing information material to the public, the Office focused
on Agency priority issues  of  concern to  the public and provided communications
support for major EPA initiatives.


OFFICE OF COMMUNITY AND INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS

1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a  total of $952,600  supported by 14.4 total workyears
for  this  Office,   all  of  which  will  be  for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation. This  represents  an  increase of  $76,600 and no  change  in total
workyears  from   1989.  The  increase will  provide  for  increased personnel  and
support  costs.     In  1990,  the Office  will  continue  its implementation  of
leadership  and  guidance   activities  to  support  community relations  efforts
throughout  the  Agency,  to  maintain • Agency   liaison  with  state  and  local
officials  while    increasing   activities   to    enhance  technology   transfer
capabilities  and  ensure emphasis on Federalism.  In  addition,  the  Agency plans
to increase  communications  with private  sector  organizations  not traditionally
involved in  environmental  efforts,  provide  continuing assistance in delegation
of environmental programs  to  State and local  governments, and implement the
President's  Environmental  Youth  Awards  program  and  other  youth  outreach
activities.

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the  Agency  is  allocating  a  total of «$876,000  supported  by 14.4
total workyears  for this Office, all of which is from the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.   During  this year, the Office is implementing Agency guidance in
community relations activities to provide maximum appropriate local involvement
in EPA's  decisions.    The  Office is developing enhanced ability to  work with
state  and  local governments,  especially small  governments,  to improve their
capacity  for environmental  responsibilities.    The  Office  is continuing  to
enhance  EPA's relationships  with  the   States  through  the ongoing  State/EPA
Committee  and its  various  adhoc work groups,  developing ongoing communications
with major  environmental  and other interest  groups  as well  as private sector
organizations;   Support and coordination  will  continue  to  increase  for the
President's Environmental Youth Awards  program.
                               11-37

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1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency obligated a  total  of  $755,300 supported by 11.6 total
workyears  for  this Office,  all of which  was  from  the Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.   During  1988,  the  Office   established an  ongoing  series  ofj
briefings relating to national environmental organization leadership, increased
the activities of  the Agency's Youth Program,  through the  State/EPA Committee
addressed  major  national environmental  concerns  of both  States and  EPA,  and
initiated  regular  dialogue  on environmental  issues with  local  government
organizations.


OFFICE OF FEDERAL ACTIVITIES

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests   a  total   of  $2,161,100  supported  by  31.9  total
workyears  for this  Office,  all of which will be  for the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.  This represents an increase of $180,800 and 1.0 total workyears.
The  increase will  provide  additional resources  for monitoring  EPA's Federal
activities compliance  program as well as  for  increased personnel  and support
costs.    The Office  of Federal  Activities (OFA)  will:   maintain  oversight
concerning EPA's compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act, (NEPA)
and other cross cutting Federal environmental statutes; oversee development and
implementation of  "NEPA-like"  environmental processes  for  State Revolving Fund
activities;  direct  activities  to assure  compliance by other  Federal  agencies
with all  environmental  statutes pursuant to Executive  Order  12088;  and review
the  budget plans  of  other  agencies  to assure  adequate  funding  of abatement
projects  pursuant  to Office  of Management  and  Budget Circular  A-106;  review
other  Federal  agencies' projects  and actions,  including  their  Environmental!
Impact Statement (EISs  in accordance  with  Section 309  of the Clean Air Act and
NEPA;  coordinate  the  implementation  of EPA programs   on  Indian reservations;
provide  limited  technical   assistance  to  international  environmental  impact
assessment program development and project reviews; and continue its Council on
Environmental Quality EIS filing activities.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is  allocating a total  of $1,980,300 supported by 30.9
total workyears for this Office, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.   The  Office  continues  to:   ensure  that EPA programs operate in
comformance  with  NEPA and other cross cutting  Federal environmental statutes;
direct activities  pursuant  to  Executive Order  12088 and Office  of Management
and Budget Circular  A-106  related to compliance  of  Federal installations with
environmental   regulations;   review  other Federal   actions   for  potential
environmental  impact;  analyze  EPA   policies  associated   with other  Federal
agencies;  oversee  the  implementation of EPA's  Indian  Policy;  provide limited
supported  for  international environmental  impact activities;  and  operate the
Federal EIS  filing, effort.    '

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency  obligated  a  total of  $1,830,000 supported  by 30.6
total  workyears  for  this  Office,  all  of  which  was from  the  Salaries  and
                               11-38

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Expenses  appropriation.    The  Office  focused  its  activity  on:    improving
allocation and control of funding  for  the  preparation of NEPA documents (EISs)
and Finding of no. Significant Impact  (FNSIs),  implementing  new  procedures for
both review of  Federal agency actions and interaction with other agencies as
required by NEPA  and Section 309 of the Clean Air  Act;  increasing emphasis on
compliance of Federal  agencies with  Federal  environmental statutes; developing
and implementing  an Agency policy  with Indian  tribes  relating to environmental
issues on reservation lands.
                               11-39

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Office of Policy,
  Planning and
   Evaluation

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                                                 AGENCY MANAGEMENT
                                       Office  of  Policy, Planning &  Evaluation
ACTUAL
1988

PROGRAM
Program Management -
Policy, Planning And
Evaluation
Salaries & Expenses $823.8
TOTAL $823.8
Integrated
Environmental
Management Program
Salaries & Expenses $2,846.8
TOTAL $2,846.8
Office of Policy
Analysis
Salaries & Expenses $8,604.5
Abatement Control and
Compliance.
TOTAL $8,604.5
Office of Standards &
Regulations
Salaries & Expenses $5,132.4
TOTAL $5,132.4
Office of Management
Systems & Evaluation
Salaries & Expenses $2,824.6
TOTAL $2,824.6
Pollution Prevention
Program .
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $20,232.1
Abatement, Control and
ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST
1989 ESTIMATE 1990
1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)


$908.5 $889.1 $893.7
$908.5 $889.1 $893.7

$2,956.8 $2,932.3 $2,999.3
$2,956.8 $2.932.3 $2,999.3
$11,770.9 $10,548.7 $10,915.3
$5,700.0 $6,895.0 $6,200.0
$17,470.9 $17,443.7 $17,115.3

$5,319.5 $5,189.2 $5,493.0
$5,319.5 $5,189.2 $5,493.0
$2,990.9 $2,921.3 $3,052.8
$2,990.9 $2,921.3 $3,052.8'

$233.4 $636.3 $664.8
$4,000.0 $4,951.6 $4,500.0
$4,233.4 $5,587.9 $5,164.8

$24,180.0 $23,116.9 $24,018.9
$9,700.0 $11,846.6 $10,700.0
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989



$4.6
$4.6

$67.0
- $67.0
$366.6
-$695.0
-$328.4

$303.8
$303.8
. $131.5
$131.5

- $28.5
-$451.6
-$423.1

.. $902.0
-$1,146.6
Compliance

Office of Policy,  Planning
& Evaluation          TOTAL
$20,232.1  $33,880.0

          11-40
$34,963.5  $34,718.9
-$244.6

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                                                   AGENCY MANAGEMENT
                                        Office of Policy, Planning & Evaluation

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Program Management -
Policy, Planning And
Evaluation

Integrated
Environmental
Management Program

Office of Policy
Analysis

Office of Standards &
Regulations

Office of Management
Systems & Evaluation

Pollution Prevention
Program

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS

TOTAL WORKYEARS
 12.8
 13.2
 49.8
 58.3
 47.4
181.5
 13.9
 16.0
 57.0
 61.9
 51.6
             5.0
205.4
 13.9
 16.0
 54.4
 59.8
 50.3
             9.7
204.1
 14.8
 18.9
 64.3
 64.5
 51.9
             9.7
224.1
 2.9
 9.9
 4.7
 1.6
20.0
Program Management -
Policy, Planning And
Evaluation

Integrated
Environmental
Management Program

Office of Policy
Analysis

Office of Standards &
Regulations

Office of Management
Systems & Evaluation

Pollution Prevention
Program

TOTAL WORKYEARS
 14.8
 18.8
 59.2
 66.4
 51.0
 14.8
 18.9
 64.9
 66.6
 53.2
             5.0
 14.8
 18.9
 62.3
 64.5
 51.9
             9.7
 14.8
 18.9
 64.3
 64.5
 51.9
             9.7
 2.0
210.2      223.4      222.1      224.1
     11-41
                                    2.0

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                            MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT


                               Agency Management


                   Office of Policy. Planning and Evaluation
Budget Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total of  $34,718,900  supported by  224.1  total
workyears  for  1990,  a  decrease  of  $244,600  and  an  increase  of 2.0  total
workyears from  1989.   Of the request $24,018,900 will be  for the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and  $10,700,000  will be for  the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance  appropriation.   This  represents an  increase  in  the Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation  of  $902,000  and   a  decrease  of $1,146,600  in  the
Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.


PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - POLICY. PLANNING AND EVALUATION

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $893,700 supported by  14.8 total workyears
for  this  program,  all  of  which will  be   for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.  This  represents an increase of $4,600 and no change  in total
workyears.  The increase reflects increased personnel and support costs.

     This  request will  provide  the  Assistant Administrator with  sufficient
staff and resources for the policy direction,  special analyses, human resources
initiatives,  and   budgetary  and  administrative  support  necessary  to  manage
Office of Policy,  Planning and Evaluation and its  component offices efficiently
and effectively.   It also  will  enable  the Agency to respond appropriately to
General Accounting Office evaluations of EPA programs.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the Agency is  allocating a total of  $889,100  supported  by 14.8
total  workyears  for  this  program,  all  of which  is  from  the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation.  This program is providing overall  policy direction and
conducting the activities necessary to manage the  component offices of OPPE.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the  Agency obligated a total of $823,800 supported by  14.8 total
workyears for this program,  all  of which  was  from the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.    These  funds  supported the basic  budgetary,  administrative,
analytic, and planning activities necessary to  manage OPPE.    .
                                11-42

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INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM (IEMP)

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $2,999,300  supported  by  18.9  total
workyears for this program,  all of which will  be  for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.  This  represents  an increase of $67,000  and  no  change in total
workyears  from  1989.  The  increase  reflects  increased  personnel and  support
costs.

     IEMP will  disseminate  the knowledge  and experience from a limited number
of  completed state/Regional  demonstration  projects  designed   as  models  for
transferring  multi-media,  risk-based environmental  management  methods  to  the
states, Regions, and Indian tribes.   Specific products include:   state/Regional
use  of risk-based tools  and integrated  environmental management processes  to
set  environmental  management  priorities;  state/Regional  implementation  of
environmental action plans  based  on  those  priorities;  and institutionalization
of a negotiation process between state,  Regional  and national program managers
which  appropriately reflects  an efficient  balance of Federal/local  partnership
to address environmental  issues  and  provide the basis for measuring the value
of pollution control action.

     IEMP  also  will  concentrate  on improving  the  links  between  scientific
research and  information  needed for policy-making.   It will sponsor projects
which expand risk analysis to account for  ecological effects. The program will
work  with  other  Agency  offices  to  develop more  realistic  exposure data  and
exposure assumptions,  and  will  support future regulatory  activities  such  as
management of contaminated  sediments in near coastal waters  and identification
and assessment  of the ecological  impacts at  Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act waste sites.  Finally,  it will work with program offices to develop better!
methods for evaluating  the  wide range  of human health  effects  associated with
subchronic  exposures  to  pollution  and   better   guidance  for  incorporating
uncertainty in  risk assessment and risk management.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency  is  allocating a'total of $2,932,300 supported by 18.9
total  workyears  for  this  program,  all  of  which  is  from  the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation.

     IEMP is  completing  a limited number  of state  and  Regional demonstration
projects   designed   as   models  for   transferring  multi-media,   risk-based
environmental management methods  to  the states and Regions.   Non-participating
states  and  Regions  are  receiving  some technical  assistance.    IEMP  also  is
helping states  and  Regions to use  risk  analysis  techniques and  is  helping  to
improve  the   link between  scientific  research  and policy-making.    Current
projects include:   development of weight-of-evidence classification and potency
estimation procedures for  non-cancer  effects;   increased  standardization  of
methods and  models used  for  exposure  assessment;  creation of classification
schemes for  addressing  scientific uncertainty in  cross-media comparative risk
analysis;  development of specific criteria  for evaluating environmental  threats
posed  by  contaminated sediments; and  identification of biological  parameters
that  can  be  used to define  and  project   the  effectiveness  of  EPA  regulatory
programs.
                               11-43

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1988 Accomplishments

     In FY  1988,  the  Agency obligated a total of $2,846,800  supported  by 18.8
total  workyears  for  this program,  all of  which was  from  the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation.

     IEMP completed the  Denver  project and  began  the  transition from  these
methodology-building,   site-specific   pollution   control   initiatives   to
institutionalization of cross-media risk,  cost analysis,  and decision-making by
sponsorship of  five state-level  and Regional integration programs  and  through
technical  assistance   to   non-program   states   and  Regions.     This
institutionalization work was carried out  in the States  of Pennsylvania  and
Colorado,  in  Regions  I,  III,  and  X,  and  for  the  Turtle  Mountain  Band  of
Chippewa Indians. Work on developing  quantitative methods to  assess non-cancer
health  effects  was  performed.   IEMP also undertook  case  studies of the risk
assessments  for  two  chemicals   to  provide  decision-makers  with  a   better
understanding  of the  uncertainties  and  margins  of safety in  Agency  risk
assessments.  To more  accurately reflect actual  exposure  conditions and risks,
a study of risks from air toxics  was completed;


OFFICE OF POLICY ANALYSIS (OPA)

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests a  total  of  $17,115,300   supported  by  64.3  total
workyears for this  program,  of which $10,915,300 will be for the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation  and $6,200,000 will be for  the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance  appropriation.   This  represents  an  increase  of $366,600  and  a
decrease of $695,000,  respectively, and an increase of 2.0 total  workyears from
1989.   The  increases  in Salaries and Expenses reflect increased personnel  and
support costs and expanded efforts in global climate change.  The  decrease in
Abatement,  Control  and Compliance  reflects  the  one-time cost associated with
the 1989 National Academy of Sciences global climate  study.

     With these  resources,  OPA will analyze  EPA's highest  priority regulatory
actions  and  non-regulatory  initiatives,   focussing particularly  on   issues
identified as posing high risks to health,  environment and public welfare.  OPA
will analyze proposed  Clean Air  Act  (CAA) amendments, especially in the areas
of  acid rain  and air  toxics,  and analyze costs  and  environmental  benefits of
key  air regulations under  development.   OPA will assist  in the analysis  and
implementation  of  the  State  Clean  Water  Strategy,   the  EPA  Ground-water
Strategy,  oceans initiatives  and  coordination  of  water  and hazardous  waste
policies,  Resource  Conservation  and Recovery Act  Subtitle  D and  corrective
action programs.  OPA  also will provide  important support  in the area of Title
III  and related activities.   OPA  will  continue to  perform  economic analyses
with emphasis on use of benefit/cost evaluations  in state water quality  reports
and  on impacts  of  EPA regulations  on  different sectors of the economy.  The
Economic  Research  Program  will  determine  economic  damages  to   materials  and
waterbodies from acid precipitation,  and the economic  value of ground-water
protection.
                                11-44

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     OPA will  have lead  responsibility  for important  aspects of  an expanded
Agency  global  climate  change program,  working  closely  with  the Offices  of
Research and Development  (ORD)  and Air and Radiation  (OAR).   The OPPE program
will  have  a  strong  interagency  focus.    It   will  build  on  the reports  to
Congress, work with and integrate  other  EPA activities,  position the  Agency to
evaluate all  policy  options,  and provide  stimulus  to expand  international
understanding  and  involvement  in  response   to  strategy  issues.    Primary
activities will  involve  data gathering,  analysis of reduction strategies,  and
adaptation of policy analyses.

     Work  in  environmental  resources  will focus  on improving  integration  of
agricultural and environment  policies  through review  of  the  Food   and  Drug
Administration   and   the   Departments  of  Agriculture   (USDA)   and   Interior
regulations and  review of  agriculture legislative proposals.   OPA  also  will
assist USDA to implement  aspects of the  Conservation Reserve  Program.  Work on
risk assessment/ management/communication will  focus on training for EPA staff;
technical  assistance  to  program  and  Regional  offices;  support  to   the  Risk
Assessment  Council,  the  Risk  Assessment  Forum  and  the  Center  for  Risk
Management; and  other activities  to  improve the Agency's performance  in  this
area.  OPA will coordinate this work with other related OPPE efforts.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the Agency is allocating a total  of $17,443,700 supported by 62.3
total workyears for this program, of which $10,548,700  is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $6,895,000  is  from  the   Abatement,   Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     OPA  is analyzing EPA's  highest  priority  regulatory  actions   and  non-
regulatory initiatives, which  include  policy implications of  the National  Acid|
Precipitation    Program's   final   report,   implementation   issues   for   the
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)  control and tropospheric  ozone  programs, integrated
water - quality-based  targeting strategy  implementation, cross-media impacts  of
solid wastes and hazardous  substances, and  industrial  wastes  under Subtitle  D.
Benefit/cost  analyses   required  under  Executive  Order   (E.O.)   12291   are
continuing in all program areas and the Economic Research Program is helping to
develop  new analytical  methods  to  improve  risk management.    Work on  risk
assessment/management/communication is  focussed on training  for  EPA  staff and
technical assistance to program and Regional offices as well as support for the
Center for Risk Management.

     In the area of global  climate change,  OPA is working closely with the ORD
and  OAR  to complete  and  follow  up on two  major reports to  Congress:  "Policy
Options  for  Stabilizing  Climate"  and the "Environmental  Effects of Climate
Change."  OPA also  is  working with other agencies and  organizations on climate
issues,   representing  EPA in  the Interagency   National  Climate Program  and  at
conferences  sponsored by  the  World  Meteorological  Organization and  United
Nations Environmental  Programme.   It  is refining the  analytical  framework for
analyzing  stabilization,  building  modeling systems  for effects,  and studying
adaptive responses.
                               11-45

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1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency  obligated a  total of  $8,604,500 supported by  59.2
total  workyears  for  this  program,  all  of  which  was from  the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation.

      With  these  resources,  OPA  focused  on new  stationary and  mobile  source
controls, stratospheric  ozone  protection, drinking water  standards,  non-point
sources,  Subtitle  D  regulations  for   industrial  landfills  and mining  waste
regulations, and other high-priority regulatory efforts.  Work in the area of
global climate change included drafting two reports to Congress, developing the
initial  framework  for  estimating  future concentrations  of  trace  gases  and
global  temperatures,  and analyzing the impact  of climate change. OPA  oversaw
implementation of E.O. 12291; and its Economic Research Program worked on major
projects  on  pesticides  policy  and  improved  morbidity   risk valuation.  OPA
continued  its efforts  to  improve  EPA's performance in  the  areas  of  risk
assessment,  risk management,  and risk communication.


OFFICE OF STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS (OSR)

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total of  $5,493,000  supported  by  64.5  total
workyears for this program,  all  of  which  will  be  for the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.  This  represents  an  increase  of  $303,800 and no change in total
workyears from  1989.    The  increase reflects  increased personnel and  support
costs.

     OSR will  continue  to administer  the Agency's  internal  regulation  review
and analysis process  and to  provide quality control  and  clearance  for  all EPA
reporting and recordkeeping required of the  public.   It will review regulatory
and policy documents  for compliance with  Executive  Orders  (E.O.) 12291,  12498,
12630  and  12612,   the  Regulatory  Flexibility  Act,  the  amended  Paperwork
Reduction Act (PRA)  and  Federal  Register  requirements.    OSR will  provide
training in  regulation development to  program  and Regional  offices, and  will
investigate  application of  expert  systems  in  regulatory decisionmaking  and
increased use  of  computer  conferencing  to facilitate  full  participation in
rulemaking.    OSR will  provide expert  statistical  support to  the program and
Regional  offices  and   foster   implementation  of  Data  Quality  Objectives.
Emphasis in Title III  support  will  progress  from  management of data collection
to evaluation of program effectiveness.  Support for  the  Office of Pesticides
and Toxic Substances  (OPTS)  will emphasize  policy development  for  control of
harmful chemicals and oversight  of  EPA's  biotechnology program and  move  toward
resolution of  indemnification  issues and problems associated  with  disposal of
cancelled pesticides.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is  allocating  a  total  of $5,189,200 supported by 64.5
workyears for  this program,  all of which  is from  the Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation:
                               11-46

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     OSR continues  to administer and  direct the Agency's  internal  regulation
review and  analysis  process and to  provide  quality control and  clearance for
all  EPA reporting   and  recordkeeping  required of  the  public.    It  reviews
regulatory   and  policy   documents   for   compliance  with  all   applicable
requirements.   OSR  is expanding its regulation development  course  audience toj
include the Regions and additional program offices.   Through highly specialized
statistical  consultation  and  support,  OSR  is  aiding programs  in  improving
survey  design,   sampling,   monitoring   and   data  analysis  methods.    OSR  is
assisting  enforcement offices  in developing  optional enforcement  inspection
strategies  and  supports   implementation of Data  Quality  Objectives.    OSR
promotes the use of consultative and consensual activities in issue resolution,
decisionmaking and negotiation.  Regulatory innovation is  focusing on provision
of technical  assistance  to Regions/states in identifying  and  controlling non-
point sources  of pollution and on  identification  and promotion  of  integrated
waste management alternatives to reduce the volume  of waste. Pesticides support
is emphasizing  assistance  to  the  program office in meeting the  demands of the
1988 amendments  to  the Federal Insecticide,  Fungicide and  Rodenticide  Act and
analysis in the  area  of toxic  substances is  concentrating on development of an
Agency policy on testing chemicals.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency  obligated a total of $5,132,400 supported  by 66.4
total workyears for  this   program,  all of  which  was from  the Salaries  and
Expenses
appropriation.

     With  these  resources,  OSR ensured compliance  with the Executive  Orders,
the
amended  PRA,  and other requirements by continuing its technical,  statistical^
and policy  review  of existing regulations as well  as  those under development.
OSR developed a  training course on  regulation  development  in EPA and presented
it  to  several  program  offices.     It  effectively  promoted  the  value  of
statistical  analysis  in support of  EPA decisionmaking and  sponsored training
and  a   national  conference   on  environmental  statistics.     OSR  promoted
negotiation  as  an  alternative  to  formal  rulemaking  and  expanded  active
assistance  and  participation  in the use of  consensual  techniques.   Regulatory
innovation  efforts   resulted   in   initiation   of   a   work  group  to  address
proliferation  of  EPA  lists   of  toxic chemicals  and  provided  information,
analysis  and  preliminary  'products  to  support  initiation of  the  Pollution
Prevention Office.   OSR continued oversight  and support of OPTS,  participating
directly in rulemaking for OPTS's biotechnology  rule and in development of
reports  to  Congress  on asbestos  in  public  schools and public buildings.   OSR
also contributed to  development of  a new approach  to  pesticide regulation with
respect  to   ground-water   contamination and   introduced   the  use   of  cost-
effectiveness analysis in decisionmaking.


OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND EVALUATION (OMSE)

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests   a   total  of $3,052,800  supported  by  51.9  total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
                               11-47

-------
appropriation.  This represents an  increase of  $131,500  and no change in total
workyears  from  1989.    The  increase reflects  increased  personnel  and  support
costs.

     Improvements  in   EPA's  management   systems  will   focus  on  developing
strategies for  EPA programs  that  define specific environmental  goals  that can
be tracked over time.    In  addition to work on  selected programs'  strategies,
OMSE  will  work with the hazardous waste,  ground  water, nonpoint  source,  and
pollution  prevention  programs to  define  appropriate environmental indicators
that  complement the  programs' goals.   Other  efforts will  focus  on improving
EPA's  priority-setting process and link  budget decisions  more closely  with
health and environmental priorities.   Evaluation projects will include  problem
assessments  and  problem-solving   projects  in  several  EPA  program  areas,
including  municipal   and  other   solid  waste,   air   toxics,   ground-water
contamination,  and  infectious   waste,   as  well  as   reviews   of  state/EPA
interactions in selected programs.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a  total  of  $2,921,300 supported by 51.9
total  workyears  for  this  program, all  of which is  from  the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation.

     OMSE  is managing  the Agency's  planning and  management system and adapting
it   to meet   new management objectives.   OMSE  is  supporting development of an
Agencywide  strategy  that  will articulate both management  and  environmental
goals  for  each major  program  and  enable  the  Administrator  to  track progress
over   time   and  evaluate   the   effectiveness   of  the   programs.     OMSE  is
demonstrating and promoting ways  to use existing environmental data for problem
assessment,  priority setting, and program  evaluation  at  national,  Regional and
local  levels and will  conduct   a  seminar  on  effective ways  to  manage  for
environmental results.    OMSE  also plans demonstration projects  in  two  to four
states  to  test  ways   to  improve  the  use of  environmental  information  in
decisions  concerning water  resources and  pesticide contamination.   Evaluation
projects  include  the  development  and evaluation  of  inexpensive  methods  of
motivating people to test their homes  for  radon, an  effort to define the roles
of Headquarters and Regional offices in  implementing  the Pesticides in Ground-
water  Strategy,  an examination of the process by which Federal agencies request
funding for  pollution  abatement and clean-up projects,  and  an evaluation of a
pilot  test  of  differential  oversight  in  the  National Pollutant  Discharge
Elimination System program under  the Clean Water Act.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency  obligated $2,824,600  supported,  by  51.0  total
workyears, all of which was from  the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.

     OMSE  managed the  Agency's   two  core  program management processes,  the
Strategic  Planning and Management System and the Action  Tracking System.  With
the  National  Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,  the Office  of Water,  and
the  appropriate Regional offices,  OMSE developed  an  analysis of  near  coastal
waters  in  Region I  and  a statewide  analysis of   surface and  ground-water
resources  in the  State of Oregon.   It improved the  national priority-setting
                                11-48

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process by ensuring Headquarters managers took into account the region-specific
health  and environmental  priorities of  the Regions  and  states.   OMSK  also
prepared   an   update   of  the  1984  document,   "Environmental   Progress   and
Challenges", the only  comprehensive  EPA  report  on environmental  conditions and
trends  in  each  of  Agency's major  programs.    Evaluation projects  included
assessments of EPA's experience with negotiated rulemaking, state/EPA relations
in   delegated   programs,  options   for  setting   up   a   waste   minimization
clearinghouse,   policy  options  for  regulating  hazardous  waste  exports,  and
compliance monitoring  strategies  developed to guide enforcement  of pesticides
regulatory actions.  OMSE also assisted the Office of Underground Storage Tanks
(OUST) in developing a long-term program plan.


POLLUTION PREVENTION PROGRAM (PPP)           -

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $5,164,800 supported by 9.7 total workyears
for  this  program,   of  which  $664,800  will be  for  the  Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation and  $4,500,000 will be for  the  Abatement,  Control  and Compliance
appropriation.    This  represents  an increase  of  $28,500 and  a  decrease  of
$451,600,  respectively,  and  no  change   in  total  workyears  from  1989.    The
increase  in Salaries  and Expenses  reflects increased  personnel  and support
costs.  The decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects the award of
one-time state grants used to initiate  State pollution prevention programs.

     PPP will  continue  to pursue the  four  goals identified and  initiated  in
1989,  but  with   a  more  focused   agenda.     Agency   products   will  include
availability of information through  a national  clearinghouse and  a hotline  on
technologies, substitutions,  and  approaches that  are known to  be  effective fort
specific industries and  facilities as well  as recommendations  on how to create"
additional  incentives  for pollution prevention  and how  to  eliminate  existing
barriers.    Support   of  state   pollution  prevention  programs   through  the
distribution of multi-media grants will continue.  In addition,  the Office will
evaluate'existing  state  pollution prevention programs  to  be used by the states
and EPA as  a future planning  and  priority-setting tool.   The program also will
continue  to work  on  developing  reliable  indicators  of  waste   reduction and
pollution  prevention.     Data  collected from   the  Superfund . Amendments  and
Reauthorization Act, section 313,  and from other Agency data bases will be used
to begin to identify national trends and to target areas of opportunity.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the  Agency is  allocating a total  of $5,587,900  supported by 9.7
total workyears  for this program, of  which $636,300  is  from  the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and   $4,951,600   is  from  the  Abatement,   Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     PPP is  working to  meet  four specific  goals:   (1)  communicating  to state
and  local  governments,   industry,   public  interest   groups,  citizen  groups,
Congress, Federal agencies and other appropriate organizations  the need for and
capability  to  achieve pollution  prevention and. source  reduction initiatives;
(2)  developing  a  multi-media approach  through regulatory review  of incentives
and  disincentives   for  pollution  prevention and through  creation of  media-
                                11-49

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specific pollution  prevention plans;  (3) encouraging state  and  local programs
through  distribution of  grant  dollars  to  state  programs   to  support  state
pollution prevention programs and  through creation  of networks  of  technical
experts  available  to  local   governments;  and   (4)  evaluating  progress  and
targeting opportunities through development of reliable indicators of pollution
prevention and implementation of a data collection strategy.   A product of this
first year's  work is a national  pollution prevention  strategy which ties the
four objectives together and involves industry,  public interest groups, Federal

agencies, and other  interested  organizations in  its design, development and
implementation.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the   Agency  obligated  no  dollars  and  no workyears   for  this
program.
                               11-50

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Office of Administra-
tion and Resources
    Management

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                                                   AGENCY MANAGEMENT
                                      Office of Administration & Resources Management

ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Program Management -
Administration
Salaries & Expenses
Financial Management
Headquarters
Salaries & Expenses
$1,380.9
TOTAL $1,380.9
$7,566.1
TOTAL $7,566.1
$1,461.6
$1,461.6
$6,396.5
$6,396.5
$1,460.1
$1,460.1
$7,870.2
$7,870.2
$1,540.5
$1,540.5
$8,335.6
$8,335.6
$80.4
$80.4
$465.4
$465.4
Office of the
Comptroller
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
                       TOTAL
Contracts and Grants
Management
 Salaries & Expenses
                       TOTAL
Organization and Health
Services
 Salaries & Expenses
                       TOTAL
Facilities & Management
Services
 Salaries & Expenses
                       TOTAL
$1,380.9
$1,380.9
$7,566.1
$7,566.1
$4,515.2
$4,515.2
$10,389.6
$10,389.6
$8,114.7
$8,114.7
$6,930.4
$6,930.4
$1,461.6
$1,461.6
$6,396.5
$6,396.5
$6,492.1
$6,492.1
$10,177.0
$10,177.0
$2,560.6
$2,560.6
$7,083.3
$7,083.3
$1,460.1
$1,460.1
$7,870.2
$7,870.2
$5,033.4
$500.0
$5,533.4
$10,204.8
$10,204.8
$2.490.5
$2,490.5
$7,111.2
$7,111.2
$1,540.5
$1,540.5
$8,335.6
$8,335.6
$6,661.0
$500.0
$7,161.0
$11,757.8
$11,757.8
$2,886.8
$2,886.8
$8,094.8
$8,094.8
$80.4
$80.4
$465.4
$465.4
$1,627.6
$1,627.6
$1,553.0
$1,553.0
$396.3
$396.3
$983.6
$983.6
                                      11-51

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                                                   AGENCY MANAGEMENT
                                      Office of Administration & Resources Management

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Information Systems &
Services
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
        $8,867.0   $8,776.3   $8,993.7  $10,118.1    $1,124.4
                                $999.2   $1,000.0         $.8

TOTAL   $8,867.0   $8,776.3   $9,992.9  $11,118.1    $1,125.2
Office of Human                             .
Resources Management
 Salaries & Expenses           $1,897.1   $7,586.3   $8,005.5   $9,403.3    $1,397.8
                       TOTAL   $1,897.1   $7,586.3   $8,005.5   $9,403.3    $1,397.8
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
       $49,661.0  $50,533.7  $51,169.4  $58,797.9    $7,628.5
                              $1,499.2   $1,500.0         $.8
 Office of
 Administration &
 Resources Management  TOTAL  $49,661.0  $50,533.7  $52,668.6  $60,297.9    $7,629.3
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Program Management -
Administration

Financial Management
Headquarters

Office of the
Comptroller

Contracts and Grants
Management

Organization and Health
Services

Office of Human
Resources Management
            20.8
           127.3
            70.1
           218.5
           161.3
            27.2
 24.0
135.0
 70.0
222.1
 44.0
148.7
 24.0
134.6
 83.7
221.1
 43.1
154.7
 24.8
139.9
 84.4
239.3
 46.1
177.6
  .8


 5.3


  .7


18.2


 3.0


22.9
                                       11-52

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                                                   AGENCY MANAGEMENT
                                      Office of Administration & Resources Management

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
Facilities & Management
Services

Information Systems &
Services

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
159.5
141.8
926.5
168.9
146.9
168.9
151.3
175.9
164.1
959.6      981.4    1,052.1
 7.0


12.8


70.7
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Program Management -
Administration

Financial Management
Headquarters

Office of the
Comptroller

Contracts and Grants
Management

Organization and Health
Services

Facilities & Management
Services

Information Systems &
Services

Office of Human
Resources Management

TOTAL WORKYEARS
 25.3
131.8
 73.8
226.1
180.6
169.3
149.6
 27.8
984.3
 24.8
140.3
 72.0
226.3
 47.0
175.9
151.7
161.6
 24.8
139.9
 85.7
225.3
 46.1
175.9
156.1
167.6
 24.8
139.9
 84.4
239.3
 46.1
175.9
164.1
177.6
-1.3
14.0
999.6    1,021.4    1,052.1
 8.0
10.0
                        30.7
                                       11-53

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                            MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT


                               Agency Management


               Office of Administration and Resources Management
Budget Request

     The Agency  requests a  total  of $238,370,100  supported by  1,052.1  total
workyears for  1990,  an  increase of  $34,651,000 and 30.7  total  workyears from
1989.   Of  the  request,  $236,870,100  will be  for the  Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation and $1,500,000 will be for  the  Abatement,  Control  and Compliance
appropriation.  This  represents an  increase  in   the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation of $34,650,200 and an  increase  of $800  in the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - ADMINISTRATION .           •

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $1,540,500  supported  by  24.8  total
workyears for this program,  all of which will  be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.  This  represents  an increase of  $80,400  and  no  change in total
workyears from 1989.  The  increase  in  Salaries and Expenses  reflects increased
personnel  and support  costs.  In  1990,  the  office will  continue  to  provide
guidance and direction as  well as  program  and  administrative support for OARM,
direct and manage OARM's resources, administer and report on OARM's portions of
the  Administrator's   Action  Tracking  System  and  the  Strategic  Planning  and
Management  System,   and  conduct   strategies   to  enhance  the  efficiency  and
effectiveness of the  Agency.   This office  will also coordinate  and consolidate
OARM's  internal  control   reporting,  ensure  compliance  with  the' Freedom  of
Information Act and Agency audit recommendations,  and  oversee OARM information
management needs.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency  is  allocating a total of $1,460,100 supported by 24.8
total  workyears  for  this  program,  all  of  which  is  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation.   These resources are used  for  overall policy direction
and  guidance  to  the Agency's  management  programs,  budget development  and
execution,   review   of   organization  and  consolidation   issues,   continued
strengthening  of  EPA's   financial,   budgetary,  contracts,  and  information
resources   management  programs,   as  well   as   initiation   of  management
effectiveness strategies within the Agency.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency obligated a  total  of $1,380,900  supported  by 25.3
total  workyears  for  this  program all  of  which  was  from  the  Salaries  and
                                11-54

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Expenses  appropriation.    These  resources were  used  to provide  office-wide
management and policy direction, manage the development and execution of OARM's
budget, provide Action Tracking and  Strategic  Planning and Management reports,
coordinate internal  control  reporting and responses to  Freedom  of Information
Act  requests,  and  conduct   special   analyses   and  projects  on  Agencywide
management issues.                               .      .     .


FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT -  HEADQUARTERS

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency requests  a   total  of  $8,335,600  supported  by  139.9  total
workyears for this program, all of which will  be  for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This  represents an increase of $465,400  and  no change in total
workyears from 1989.  The  increase in  Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
personnel  and support  costs.    The  Office's  major  priority  for  1990  is  to
implement and  integrate  administrative systems in support of OMB  Circular  A-
127.   The  installation  will  require  additional data analysis,  module testing,
and  policies and  procedures;   contract  management  support;  and training  of
Headquarters and regional  staff.   Other initiatives  include: (1) Strengthening
the  integrity  of  basic  operations by  supporting  initiatives  that  improve  the
delivery  of  financial  services  to  clients  and  implement   strong  quality
assurance for all functions and locations; (2) Improving analytic and reporting
capabilities  by developing  a  program  directed  at  improving  financial  data
analysis and enhancing reporting capabilities;  and (3)  Maintaining a long range
strategic planning program to enable  the Division to identify future objectives
and achieve them in a planned and logical manner.   This request will also allow
Headquarters, Cincinnati,  Las  Vegas  and Research and Triangle  Park  offices  to
provide necessary financial accounting and fiscal services.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,870,200 supported by 139.9
total,  workyears for  this program,  all  of  which  is   from the Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation.    These resources provide  a  full  array of  financial
services  to   EPA  managers,  including:  payroll,  accounting,  debt  collection,
accounts payable and policy  guidance.   This program also manages the Agency's
Financial Management System.    The  1989  program emphasis  is on  implementing the
Office  of Management and  Budget's  Circular  A-127  requirements,  implementing
Section 4 of  the Federal Managers' Financial  Integrity Act of  1982,  increasing
the  timeliness  of  payments processed  as  required  by  the Prompt  Payment Act,
exploring  further   cash  management  initiatives,   and bringing  the  Financial
Management   System   into   full  compliance,  with  General   Accounting  Office
standards.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency  obligated  a  total  of $7,566,100  supported  by 131.8
total workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
With these resources,  the Agency  improved the financial services  provided  by
Headquarters  and  Research  Triangle   Park   financial  operations,   developed
standard  quality  assurance  programs  for the  Agency,  developed a  long-term
planning process for the  Financial Management System, completed a  Comptroller
                                11-55

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Directives System  for consolidation of all financial  policies  and procedures,
and  transferred the  software  programs  to  operate  the Financial  Management
System to the National Computer Center.


OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total of  $7,161,000  supported  by  84.4  total
workyears for this program. Of the request, $6,661,000 will be for the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and  $500,000 will be  for  the Abatement, Control and
Compliance  appropriation.   This  represents  an  increase  of  $1,627,600  and
decrease of 1.3 total workyears in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation  and
no  change  in the  Abatement,  Control  and Compliance appropriation  from 1989.
The increase in Salaries  and Expenses  reflects  increased personnel and support
costs.   The decrease  in workyears reflects  a shift  in emphasis in  the fees
initiative to a more  decentralized approach.   We  will continue implementation
of OMB Circular A-127, a major  initiative which will integrate  and improve the
Agency's financial  management  systems, support of the Agency's Public-.Private
Partnership  efforts  and  an  enhanced  level  of  support  for  the  Agency's
productivity activities.

     These  resources  will  provide  the  Office  of  the  Comptroller with  the
capabilities  to  perform  all  mandatory  activities   associated  with  OMB  and
Congressional budget submissions for 1991 and 1992, provide budget analyses and
reports to Agency  program offices through the Resource  Planning  and Budgeting
System, and maintain  an  allocation, control and review system for all workyear
and financial resources.  The  office will continue its  focus on maintaining of
EPA's  Productivity Improvement  Program,  which will  reduce costs and enhance
program effectiveness across the Agency.  The Comptroller will also continue to
implement  the  Federal Managers'  Financial  Integrity  Act,  and  implement  OMB
Circular A-76.

1989 Program                   .

     In 1989, the Agency  is  allocating a  total  of $5,533,400 supported by 85.7
total workyears for this  program,  of which $5,033,400  is from the Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $500,000  is  from  the  Abatement,   Control  and
Compliance appropriation.   With these  resources the Office  of  the Comptroller
prepares the 1990 budget  request,  develops  current and outyear  budget guidance
to  program  and   Regional   offices,   analyzes   budget  issues,   develops  and
implements Agency  budget policy, and  administers  and  provides  policy guidance
to EPA managers on a range of fiscal concerns.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency obligated a total of  $4,515,200 supported  by 73.8
total  workyears  for  this program,  all  of which was  from the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation.     With  these resources,   this  program  managed  the
development of the 1989 Operating Plans, provided budget and policy guidance to
Program and Regional  offices  for the  1990 budget  request,  performed oversight
of audit resolution and  follow-up,  implemented  the Federal Managers' Financial
Integrity Act,  and continued EPA's Productivity Improvement Program.
                               11-56

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CONTRACTS AND GRANTS MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of  $11,757,800  supported by 239.3 total work-
years  for  this program, all  of which  will be  for  the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.  This  represents an  increase  of  $1,553,000  and  an increase of
14.0 total workyears  from  1989.  The increase in workyears  will fund contract
placement and management support for the RCRA program.   In the contracts area,
the  request  will  enable  the Agency  to process  and award  new contracts  and
purchase orders,  manage and close out  existing  contracts,  evaluate contractor
cost proposals, process contract terminations and claims, and provide technical
review, policy  compliance,  and administrative oversight  and management  to the
three procurement operations in Headquarters, Cincinnati, and Research Triangle
Park (RTF).   In the grants area, these funds will allow the Agency to develop
and  interpret  policy  and  procedural guidance  for   Agencywide  assistance
programs,  award  and  administer  Headquarters  grants  and  loans,  cooperative
agreements, and interagency agreements,  provide outreach to the regions,  states
and federal assistance recipients,  continue to modify, update, and simplify our
assistance regulations, continue inhouse audit and cost analyses,  increase our
noncompliance efforts against  program  participants  who  abuse  the  privilege of
Federal assistance, implement the Federal  Technology  Transfer Act, and enhance
the role of the Agency's Grants Information System Management Council.

1989 Program                                '                                 .

     In  1989,  the  Agency  is allocating  a  total of  $10,204,800  supported by
225.3  total workyears for  this  program, all  of  which is from the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation.   These resources are being used to perform a full ranged
of  grants  and contract activities  including awarding  and  managing contracts,
grants, loans, purchase orders,  and interagency agreements.  This also includes
negotiating indirect  cost  rates, processing  terminations  and claims,  managing
procurement operations at Headquarters,  Cincinnati and RTP, developing suspens-
ion  and debarment  cases  under the EPA  assistance  and procurement  program,
addressing policy development,  internal review and systems management issues in
both contracts and  grants areas, implementing new State Revolving  Fund policy,
implementing a new  automated assistance document system,  and providing project
and contracting officer training.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the  Agency  allocated   a  total  of  $10,389,600  supported by 226.1
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expen-
ses  appropriation.   The major  accomplishments  in this program area  included
increased  emphasis on  contract management,  continued  implementation  of  the
Federal Acquisition Regulation,  improvement of the contract planning system and
automated  procurement  and  grants  document  systems,  issuance  of  additional
awards  for the  Asbestos School  Hazard Abatement Program,  and development of a
Grants Information System Management Council.  We also published the final rule
of  a  government-wide  debarment  and  suspension  regulation,  took noncompliance
actions and recovered Federal   funds from  program participants who  abused the
privileges of Federal assistance, and developed  and issued policy  and guidance
for the State Revolving Fund.
                               11-57

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ORGANIZATION AND HEALTH SERVICES

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $2,886,800  supported  by  46.1  total
workyears for this program,  all of which will be  for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.  This represents an increase of  $396,300  and  no  change in total
workyears  from  1989.  The   increase  in  the  Salaries  and  Expenses  reflects
increased personnel and support costs.   In addition,  we will  expand our efforts
to ensure  that  Agency organizations, management  systems  and processes  are  as
efficient and effective  as possible by conducting management and organization
analytical  studies;  overseeing the  Agency's  Directives  system;  managing  the
development   and  review   of   Agencywide   delegations  of   authority   and
reorganizations;   managing   the   Agency's  public  advisory   committees;
administering management  support  contracts; and providing  technical assistance
on management and organization  issues.  The Agency will  continue  to coordinate
the management of the planning, design,  construction  and move process for a new
consolidated  Agency  Headquarters  and  focus  on construction  planning  and
coordination.   Particular   emphasis   will    be   placed   on   oversight   of
interior/exterior design. Our environmental compliance program will continue to
perform  audits  and  provide  technical  assistance   and  training  to  Agency
laboratories.  Waste  minimization will  be a new  area  receiving emphasis.   Our
health and  safety program will continue  to  monitor  Agency  workspace  for safe
and healthful working conditions and provide  technical assistance  and training.

1989 Program

     In 1989  the  Agency  is allocating a total  of $2,490,500 supported by 46.1
total  workyears   for  this  program,  all  of  which   is  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation.     These  resources  provide  high  quality  management
assistance  to  all Agency  organizations.   We will  design an automated Agency
reference  system  to  provide  current   information  essential to  the  Agency's
evolving mission.  Management assistance will enable  the  Agency to  respond to
complex environmental issues such as source reduction,  technology  transfer,  and
alternative  financing mechanisms.  Delegations  of authority  and organizational
analyses    will   strive   towards  strengthening  management   processes   and
streamlining  organizations.  Planning for  the  new Headquarters facility  will
involve identification and selection of a developer who best  meets the Agency's
functional  requirements  and  refinement  of  specific design  characteristics.   An
environmental  compliance manual  and  model  program  will be   established  for
Agency  laboratories.    Environmental compliance  audits will  focus  on Agency
laboratories  with   prior  problems.   Our  health  and  safety  program  will
concentrate on improving the indoor air quality  of our facilities,  implementing
and monitoring asbestos  operations and  maintenance programs,  and  reviewing the
drinking water in our facilities to ensure safe  levels of lead.

1988 Accomplishments                         .

     In 1988,  the Agency  obligated  a  total  of $8,114,700  supported  by 180.6
total  workyears   for  this program,  all of  which was from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation.     A  comprehensive   review   of  EPA's   organizational
history,   legislative   responsibilities,   and  priorities  was  prepared   to
facilitate   the   management  transition  to   the    incoming   Administration.
                               11-58

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Management and contract  assistance  resulted in a series of  organizational and
management improvements for Agency responsibilities  required by current and new
environmental  legislation.  Additionally,  technical  support  resulted in  the
establishment of  the  National  Advisory Council  for Environmental  Technology
Transfer.   The planning process for  the new  Headquarters facility  involved
establishment  of  detailed  technical  requirements,  and compilation  of  sitei
analysis information. Environmental compliance program evaluation,  training and
technical  support was  provided  to  our  laboratories,  and  Agency health  and
safety programs were reviewed.  A health and safety model and asbestos operation
and  maintenance  plans  were also  developed.  The  Agency also simplified  its
workforce  planning  methodology  and  accepted  some  delegated  authority  and
implemented employment  flexibility  to  streamline  the employment process.   The
Agency implemented a comprehensive program  to provide  continuous  assistance on
the  Federal  Employee  Retirement  Systems (FERS)  and Civil  Service  Retirement
Systems  Programs,  and  consolidated  direct  contact  personnel  services  for
Headquarters employees in a one-stop Human Resources Service Center.   Resources
supported improvement and utilization of personnel data information systems and
provided continuing support to meet the Agency's special recruitment needs.


FACILITIES AND MANAGEMENT SERVICES

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests   a  total  of  $8,094,800   supported  by  175.9  total
workyears for this program, all of which will be  for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This  represents  an increase  of $983,600 and  no change  in total
workyears from 1989.   The increase  in  Salaries  and  Expenses reflects increased
personnel and support  costs.   With these resources  the  Agency will  administer
the  Nationwide  Support,  Headquarters   Support,  and  Buildings and  Facilities
budgets, provide operational support and housekeeping services, and monitor and
direct contractor resources under support contracts.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of  $7,111,200 supported by 175.9
total  workyears   for  this  program,  all of  which   is  from  the   Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation.   These  funds  are being  used to provide  timely,  high
quality and  cost  effective  facilities  management  and support  services for EPA
facilities  in Washington,  Research Triangle  Park   (RTP),  North  Carolina  and
Cincinnati,  Ohio.  These resources  provide ongoing services  in  the  areas  of
property  and  space management, building operational services, office support
services, real estate and lease enforcement support, transportation management,
printing  and  publication operations,  security  services, and facilities design
and construction management.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency obligated  a  total  of $6,930,400  supported  by 169.3
total  workyears   for  this   program,  all  of which  was  from the   Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation.   With  these  resources  the  Agency  provided  responsive
facilities  management  services  to  EPA facilities  in  Washington,  RTP  and
Cincinnati,   established  better   administrative   controls   over   property
management, and  effectively managed space  needs.   We also  initiated  planning
                                11-59

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for  the  new Headquarters  facility,  improved ventilation  throughout  Waterside
Mall and provided effective security services.   In  addition,  165 acres of land
were  acquired  at  Edison,  New  Jersey to  support  research  activities.    This
program  supervised  the  design  and  construction  of  a  new  water  quality
monitoring field station in Newport,  Oregon;  the design of the clinical inhala-
tion  research  lab  in  Chapel  Hill,  North  Carolina;   the  construction of  the
radiation  laboratory  in Montgomery,  Alabama;  and  the  construction of  the
hazardous waste containment laboratory in Cincinnati,  Ohio.


INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND SERVICES

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total of  $11,118,100  supported by  164.1  total
workyears for this program.Of the request,  $10,118,100 will be for the Salaries
and  Expenses appropriation and $1,000,000 will  be  for  the Abatement,  Control
and  Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase in  the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation of $1,124,400  and 8.0 total workyears and an increase of
$800  in  the Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  appropriation from  1989.  The
increase will  provide for increased operating  costs  and  increased efforts in
working  with  States  to  effectively  use  the  national  data  systems.    The
requested  resources  will  enable  the  Agency to  maintain current,  centrally
administered information  systems  and services  in support of  EPA  programs  and
the public.  This program provides the personnel to manage the Agency's central
and   distributed   computing   and   data   transmission   network,   its   major
administrative  and  programmatic  data  systems,  and  library  services.    In
addition,  these  resources will  permit the  Agency to  continue to  strengthen
information resources  management  including long and short-range  Automated Data
Processing  (ADP) planning, ADP  security, records  management,  software and data
standards,   internal   controls  on   information   resources,and   systems
modernization.      Technical  support   is   provided   for  the  Regional   ADP
Modernization  effort and  emphasis is placed on improving  data  sharing  with
State environmental  agencies.  This program  also  supports  Title  III efforts by
designing and implementing Title III  reporting requirements;

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,992,900 supported by 156.1
total workyears  for  this  program, of which  $8,993,700  and 156.1  is  from  the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $999,200 is from the Abatement, Control
and  Compliance appropriation.   Continued efforts  will be devoted to improved
information  systems   planning   by  EPA  programs,   strengthening  information
security,  and  implementing the  Integrated Financial Management  System.   Major
progress was made to integrate State/ EPA data systems and improve the exchange
of environmental data.   All the states became  involved  in this  effort through
direct telecommunications  link-up to the Agency's  national  data  bases.   This
program  also  provided  the   requirements  analysis,   design,  development  and
implementation   of   information   systems    to   track   emergency   plans   and
notifications,  support  of  the Toxic Release  Inventory  and the establishment of
a national clearinghouse on material  safety data sheets.

1988 Accomplishments
                               11-60

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     In 1988,  the Agency  obligated  a total  of  $8,256,100 supported by  147.5
total  workyears  for  this program,  all  of  which  was  from  the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation.   During 1988, EPA continued to update  its  accounting
systems in  response  to the General  Accounting Office  (GAO)  requirements,  and
continued  support of  the  regional  ADP  modernization program.    Significant
progress was  made  in the  internal  information  security program  and in  the|
establishment of internal information management  policy guidelines.   Phase I of
our State/EPA data management program data sharing was successfully implemented
in over thirty  states.   Data integration efforts began in many  of  the  Regions
and participating States.  This program also  supported requirements  analysis of
information systems to support Title  III.


HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT                                      '

1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a  total  of $9,403,300   supported by  177.6  total
workyears for this program, all of which will  be  for the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.   This  represents  an  increase  of  $1,397,800 and  10.0  total
workyears  from  1989.    The  increase supports   expansion  of  the  Technology
Transfer  Program  to  States,  local   and   tribal  governments,  managerial  and
executive  development,  and  increased delegated  examining authority for  key
employee groups  and  high priority occupations. This program  will continue to
perform  client  oriented  personnel  services   and  direction  in   the  areas  of
recruitment,  position  management,  classification, performance management,  pay
administration, personnel and payroll processing,  labor management and employee
relations,   personnel   information  system  management,    Equal   Employment
Opportunity,  and  technical  assistance and  advisory  services.    It  is  also
charged with  expanding  and institutionalizing the  Human  Resources  initiatives
begun  during   the  last  several years. These include:  extension of the  EPA
Institute,   creation  and  delivery of  programs  dealing with  important  workplace
issues  (e.g.   AIDS,  substance  abuse), expansion  of  workforce  planning  and
organizational programs,  streamlining  and simplifying  employment  and position
classification programs,  and the  development  and  implementation of  executive
and  management  development  programs  as  well  as  developmental  and  intern
programs for critical occupations.

1989 Program

In  1989,  the Agency  is   allocating  a  total  of  $8,005,500  supported by  167.6
total  workyears   for  this  program,  all  of  which  is  from  the Salaries  and
Expenses   appropriation.    These  resources   will   provide   professional  and
administrative recruitment services,  selection and.placement  of  new  employees,
centralized   examination   and   referral   services,   position   management,
classification and job analysis,  advice  to management  on labor  management and
employee relations, employee and management development services, and personnel
and payroll processing.   Policy guidance  and  national support will  be provided
to the Agency. These resources will allow  for maintenance  of personnel data and
information systems. Among the Human Resources initiatives  to be introduced in
1989 are  the  broad use  of  the  EPA Institute to  transfer technology  to  State,
local  and  tribal governments  and the  implementation  of an  automated  catalogue
of  all EPA taught courses nationwide. The Agency will also  establish  its own
Intern  Program,   expand   management  courses  to   include  a   "Core  Course  for
                               11-61

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Executives"  and  enhance  supplemental  managerial  development  programs.  In
addition,  EPA   will  field  a   substance  abuse  training   program,   expand
organizational development support.

1988 Accomplishments

In  1988,  the Agency  obligated  a total of $1,897,100 supported by  27.8  total
workyears  for  the program,  all  of which  was from  the Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.     The  Agency implemented   and  expanded  key  Human  Resources
initiatives.   Among those initiatives was the expansion of the EPA Institute to
regional  and  field   locations,  development  of   pre-supervisory   training  and
expansion  of managerial  courses.   The  Agency also  simplified its  workforce
planning  methodology  and accepted some  delegated  authority and implemented
employment  flexibility  to   streamline  the  employment  process.    The  Agency
implemented  a  comprehensive program  to provide  continuous  assistance on the
FERS  and  Civil  Service  Retirement  System  Programs,  and consolidated  direct
contact  personnel services  for  Headquarters employees  in  a one-stop  Human
Resources  Service Center. Resources  supported  improvement and utilization of
personnel  data information systems and provided continuing support to  meet the
Agency's special recruitment needs.
                               11-62

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  Regional
Management

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT                                                 11-1

REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
   Regional Management	11-63
      Resource Management - Regions. .	 11-66
      Financial Management - Regions 	 . 11-66
      Personnel Management - Regions .	11-67
      Administrative Management - Regions	 11-68
      Regional Management		11-68
      Regional Counsel	11-69
      Planning, Evaluation and Analysis - Regions.  	 11-70

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                                                   REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
                                                   Regional Management
ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
(DOLLARS
PROGRAM
Resource Management -
Regions
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Financial Management -
Regions
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Personnel Management -
Regions
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Administrative
Management - Regions
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Regional Management
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Regional Counsel
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Planning, Evaluation &
Analysis - Regions
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
$1
$1
$3
$3
$3
$3

$6
$6
$11
$11
$4
$4
$2
. $2
, 589 .
,589.
,034.
,034.
,756.
,756.

,434.
,434.
,316.
,316.
,029.
,029.
,853.
,853.
2
2
8
8
0
0

4
4
3
3
9
9
6
6
$1,
$1,
$2,
$2,
$3,
$3,

$6,
$6,
$10,
$10,
$4,
$4.
$3,
$3,
607.1
607.1
995.5
995.5
650.8
650.8

301.4
301.4
619.4
619.4
021.1
021.1
654.7
654.7
$1
$1
$2
$2
$3
$3

$6
$6
$11
$11
$3
$3
$3
$3
REQUEST
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
IN THOUSANDS)
,742.5
,742.5
,990.7
,990.7
,648.1
,648.1

,849.4
,849.4
,019.6
,019.6
,981.4
,981.4
,713.7
,713.7
$1
$1
$3
$3
$3
$3

$7
$7
$11
$11
$4
$4
$4
$4
,829.6
,829.6
,140.2
,140.2
,830.5
,830.5

,216.4
.216.4
,357.2
,357.2
,260.0
,260.0
,091.5
,091.5
$87
$87
$149
$149
$182
$182

$367
$367
$337
$337
$278
$278
$377
$377
.1
.1
.5
.5
.4
.4

.0
.0
.6
.6
.6
.6
.8
.8
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses          $33,014.2  $32,850.0  $33,945.4  $35,725.4    $1,780.0

Regional Management    TOTAL  $33,014.2  $32,850.0  $33,945.4 . $35,725.4    $1,780.0
                                      11-63

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            REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
            Regional Management


PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Resource Management -
Regions
Financial Management -
Regions
Personnel Management -
Regions
Administrative
Management - Regions
Regional Management
Regional Counsel
Planning, Evaluation &
Analysis - Regions
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Resource Management -
Regions
Financial Management -
Regions
Personnel Management -
Regions
Administrative
Management - P-.egions
Regional Management
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

36.1 37.1 37.0 40.8 3.8
86.7 84.7 84.5 89.5 5.0
89.1 84.6 84.6 93.0 8.4
151.3 161.3 176.3 188.8 12.5

189.1 172.3 172.5 187.0 14.5
73.5 76.8 76.3 83.0 6.7
57.7 86.1 87.1 90.9 3.8
683.5 702.9 718,3 773.0 54.7

41.3 41.0 40.8 40.8
92.7 89.7 89.5 89,5
103.7 93.0 93.0 93.0
178.5 171.8 186.8 188.8 2.0

214.1 186.8 187.0 187.0
11-64

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                                                   REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
                                                   Regional Management

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

Regional Counsel                   83.4       82.5       82.0       83.0         1.0

Planning, Evaluation &      ,       67.9       90.1       90.9       90.9          ^
Analysis - Regions

TOTAL WORKYEARS                   781.6      754.9      770.0      773.0         3.0
                                      11-65

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                            MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
                              Regional Management
Budget Request
     The  Agency  requests  a  total of $35,725,400 supported by  773.0  total
workyears  for  1990,  this   is an  increase  of $1,780,000  and 3  workyears
from 1989.  All of the request is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.


RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS                             .

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total of  $1,829,600  supported  by  40.8  total
workyears, all  of which will  be  for the Salaries and  Expenses appropriation.
This represents  an increase of $87,100  and no change  in  total workyears from
1989.   The  increase  in Salaries and Expenses  reflects  increased personnel and
support costs.  This level of funding supports Regional resource management and
control  activities,   including  budget  and  operating  plan  development  and
workload  analysis.    In  addition,   these  resources  will  allow the  Regional
offices to continue  implementing the Federal Managers'  Financial Integrity Act
and further strengthen funds control.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency  is  allocating a total of $1,742,500 supported by 40.8
total  workyears'  for  this  program, all of  which  is  from  the Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation.   These resources are  being  used  to  conduct budgeting
and resource analysis functions in the ten Regional offices.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency obligated a  total  of  $1,589,200 supported  by 41.3
total  workyears  for  this program,  all  of which was  from  the Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation.    These  resources  allowed  Regional Administrators  to
effectively   and   efficiently   manage    their   resources   and   operating  plan
processes.
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - REGIONS

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total   of  $3,140,200  supported  by  89.5  total
workyears for this program,  all  of which will  be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.  This  represents   an   increase  of  $149,500  and  no  change  in
workyears  from  1989.    The  increase in  Salaries  and  Expenses provide  the
capability . to continue  conducting internal control reviews  as  required  by the
Federal Managers'  Financial Integrity Act of  1982 as well  as  Cash Management
Reviews mandated by  the  Deficit Reduction  Act  of 1984.   The  acquisition of
micro  computers  will provide  the staff with the  necessary tools  to  develop
automated improvements to recurring operations.  This  level  of  funding will

                               11-66

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allow the financial management offices to provide basic  financial services and
maintain  ongoing  financial  management  functions.    The financial  management
offices will  continue  to provide accounting, payment processing,  billings and
collections for  grants,  travel, payroll,  contracts,  purchase orders,  and all
other  financial  transactions as  well as  payroll support  and  general  ledger
activities.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the  Agency is  allocating a total  of $2,990,700 supported by 89.5
total  workyears  for  this  program,   all of  which is  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation.  These resources are  being used  to  provide the Regions
with  accounting,  payment   processing,   payroll  support,  financial  reporting
services, and comprehensive financial management.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency  obligated  a  total of  $3,034,800 supported  by 92.7
total  workyears  for  this  program,  all  of  which was   from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation.  With these resources, the Financial Management Offices
provided accounting, payment processing, payroll support,'  financial reporting
services, and comprehensive financial management.


PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT -  REGIONS     .

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests   a total   of  $3,830,500  supported  by  93.0  total
workyears for this  program,  all of which will be  for  the Salaries and Expenses|
appropriation. This represents  an  increase  of $182,400.  and  no  change in total
workyears from 1989.'  The  increase  in Salaries  and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and staff costs.   The resources will allow Regional personnel offices
to  meet basic  regulatory   requirements  and  maintain  current service  levels.
These  services  include processing   recruitment  and  classification  actions,
entering data  and  updates  to the  Agency's  payroll system,  providing advisory
services  and  reorganization  reviews,  administering  the  grievance  system,
negotiating  with   unions,  and  managing   the  Performance  Management  and
Recognition System.
                                                                   /
1989 Program

     In 1989,  the  Agency is  allocating a total  of $3,648,100 supported by 93.0
total workyears to  this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.   These  resources  are  being used to   formalize  local  human
resources   management   programs,   provide   for  recruitment,   staffing,   and
classification  actions,  conduct  position management  and  pay  administration,
process  personnel  and  payroll  transactions, administer grievance  system and
disciplinary  action procedures, provide employment  development  and training,
consult  and negotiate  with  local unions,  conduct special.  studies,  and advise
Regional managers  on the above functions.
                               11-67

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1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the Agency  obligated a total  of $3,756,000 supported  by 103.7
total  workyears   for  this program,  all  of which  was from  the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation.   With these resources, the  Regional  personnel offices
provided  ongoing  personnel   services  to  support  the accomplishment  of  the
Regions' program operations and goals,  provided  better  training  programs for
Regional employees, and initiated human resources management programs.
ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $7,216,400  supported by  188.8  total
workyears for this program, all  of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an  increase of $367,000  and 2.0 total workyears
from 1989.   These resources will  allow the  Regions  to provide  administrative
management services that include maintaining administrative information systems
and  minicomputer  operations,  ensuring  ADP  operations  support  for  Regional
programs, managing word processing equipment and  ADP systems acquisition,  and
coordinating Regional records management.  Development of State data management
plans to  ensure  efficient  and reliable methods  of State/EPA  data sharing will
receive priority attention.  In  addition,  this  program  will continue to direct
contracting  and  purchasing  activities,  ensure  the  safety   and security  of
Regional  personnel,   manage   property  and  supplies,   provide  general  office
services, and provide program management for all support services.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,849,400 supported by 186.8
total  workyears  for  this  program,   all  of  which  is  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation.  These resources  are  being used to provide  the Regions
with  administrative   management  activities  in   the   areas  of  information
management,  small purchases and procurements, health and safety,  and facilities
support.  This  program will  continue to  improve methods  for  EPA  and States to
share, environmental data.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency  obligated  a  total  of $6,434,400 supported  by 178.5
total  workyears for  this  program,  all  of  which  was   from  the Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation.     With   these  resources,   the   Regions   provided
administrative  management  services  as  well  as  implementation of  information
management plans to increase use of personal computers and integrate electronic
telecommunications lines to achieve cost savings and productivity gains..


REGIONAL MANAGEMENT   .                                  .

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $11,357,200  supported by 187.0  total
workyears for this program,  all  of which  is  for  the Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation.  This   represents  an   increase  of  $337,600 and  no  additional
workyears from  1989.   The  increase in Salaries  and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and  support  costs.    The  budget  request  will  enable the  Regional
offices  to   continue  to  shape  and  articulate  policy  for   State  and  local
                               11-68

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governments; respond to inquiries from Congress,  the news media and the public;
establish  regular  communications  with  public  interest,   environmental  and
business  groups;  and  maintain  an  effective  Equal  Employment  Opportunity
program.   In  1990,  regional management  emphasis will  be  put  on information
coordination and dissemination of the increasing number of information requests
including   Freedom  of   Information   requests,   which  are   increasing   by|
approximately 20 percent per year.

1989 Program

     In   1989,  the  Agency   is   allocating  a total of  $11,019,600  and 187.0
total  workyears  for  this  program,  all  of  which  is  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation.   Basic  press  services and media relations  activities
are being maintained as  well  as policy  guidance and executive  direction  for
the Region as a  whole.   The  program  will  continue the processing of Freedom of
Information  (FOI)  requests,  issuing  critical  news releases,  maintaining  a
Regional  Equal  Employment  Opportunity program,   responding  to  Congressional
inquiries,  and  coordinating EPA involvement in major  State  environmental
issues.                              °

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the Agency obligated  $11,316,300  and 214.1 total  workyears  for
this program,  all of which  was  from the  Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation.
This  program  provided  support   for  the  Regional  Administrators  and  their
immediate staffs,  as well as for the basic staff functions  of public affairs,
Congressional and  intergovernmental   activities,   and   the   equal  employment
opportunity  function.


REGIONAL COUNSEL                                                  .

1990"Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a total  of  $4,260,000  supported  by  83.0  total
workyears for this program,  all  of which  will be  for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.   This represents  an increase of $278,600  and  an increase of 1.0
total  workyears  from  1989.   The increase will  provide for  additional  legal
support to  Regional  Clean Air Act activities, and for  increased personnel  and
support costs.                                       .

     The  Offices  of Regional Counsel  (ORC) will  continue to  handle  defensive
litigation involving principally Regional  issues.   They will  provide advice and
counsel to Regional programs; review Regional  rulemaking actions; assist states
by reviewing State program delegations and advising State agencies on obtaining
adequate legal authorities; and support Agency contract and  assistance programs
through resolution of grant appeals,  bid protests, and debarment and suspension
actions.

1989 Program                                                .

     In 1989, the  Agency  is  allocating  a  total of $3,981,400 supported by 82.0
total   workyears  for   this  program,  all  of  which is  from the Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation.  The   ORCs   handle   defensive  litigation  involving
principally  Regional  issues.    They  provide   advice  and counsel to  Regional
programs;  review Regional rulemaking  actions;  and assist States  by  reviewing.
State  program delegations  and  advising State  agencies  on obtaining  adequate
legal   authorities.    Additionally,   the  ORCs   continue  to  support  Agency
                               11-69

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assistance and  procurement programs  through  resolution of grant  appeals,  bid
protests, and debarment and suspension actions.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency  obligated  a  total of  $4,029,900 supported  by  83.4
total  workyears  for  this  program,  all  of  which  was from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation.    In  1988,  the  ORCs  supported  Agency priorities  by
providing  legal  advice  and support  to  Regional  managers  and defending  the
Agency in  litigation.  They also advised on actions  such  as grants,  contracts,
and personnel  actions.  Additionally,  the ORCs activities  including advising
State  agencies on  the  legal  requirements  for  assuming environmental  protection
programs, assisting in drafting appropriate regulatory language, and helping to
negotiate and document the terms of delegation agreements.


PLANNING. EVALUATION. AND ANALYSIS - REGIONS

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests   a  total  of   $4,091,500  supported  by  90.9  total
workyears for this  program,  all  of  which  will be  for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.  This represents  an  increase of  $377,800 and no change in total
workyears  from  1989.   The increase  Salaries and Expenses  reflects  increased
personnel and support costs.

     The ten Regions will carry out essential Regional planning, evaluation and
analysis  activities   including   planning  and   accountability;  environmental
management and  reporting;  regulatory review and  analysis;  program evaluation;
management systems  analysis; and risk assessment,  management and communication
which  focuses  on  developing   and   implementing  comprehensive  Regional  risk
reduction  strategies to establish  the necessary  institutional framework  for
addressing  risk  in the field.   Region  7  also  will  conduct  State/EPA  data
management activities.  In  addition,  these resources will provide  four  to  five
Regions  with  the  staff needed  to  perform activities  related  to cross-media
pollution  prevention.    Products  will  include   implementation  of  Regional
pollution  prevention  plans;  integration  of  pollution  prevention and  source
reduction  approaches  in site-specific decisionmaking; sponsoring training and
education events for State and local  governments,  industry  and citizen groups;
and supporting multi-State, Regional councils,  established specifically to deal
with pollution prevention and source reduction initiatives.

1989 Program

     In  1989, the Agency is  allocating a  total  of $3,713,700 supported by 90.9
total  workyears  for this, program,  all  of  which  is  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation.

     These  resources are  providing the  ten  Regional Administrators with  the
staff   needed   to   perform   essential   planning, evaluation,  and analysis
activities.  In addition,  each Region continues to  develop  an overall strategy
for improving the  use  of risk analysis in  its  decisionmaking by continuing to
work with  the Office  of  Policy,  Planning and  Evaluation  (OPPE) in building
priority-setting and planning  processes  and  in improving  the ability  to  set
priorities based  on  risk  reduction; increasing  the scientific and  technical
risk capability  in each Region; initiating programs  to facilitate information
exchange  among  State  environmental  agencies on  new technical  and  management
applications;  developing   new  methods  to explain environmental risks to the
                               11-70

-------
public;  and identifying  specific training  needs and  sponsoring classes  for
employees  in  risk-related techniques.   Region 7  also  is using  resources  for
State/EPA data management activities.  Additionally,  three or  four Regions  are
establishing  Regional  pollution  prevention  demonstration  programs.    These
cross-media programs  support work at the state  level  by providing  technical
assistance,  training   opportunities   and support  to   Regional,  multi-Statel
advisory councils.  Several Regions are sponsoring projects which are  targeting
pollution prevention  opportunities for key  industrial  facilities in  sensitive
environmental areas,  and another  of  the demonstration Regions  is integrating
pollution   prevention   approaches  into  their   enforcement   priority-setting
efforts.  Evaluations of these efforts will be available early in 1990.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency  obligated  a  total  of  $2,853,600  supported  by  67.9
total  workyears   for  this program,  all  of  which was  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation.

     Necessary  planning,  evaluation  and   analysis   functions   included  the
development  of  two  pilot  projects   for  managing  for  environmental  results;
assessment  of  the   Mining   Wastes   and  Denver  Air  Toxics   Action   Plans;
identification  of  overlapping   areas  of  statutory   regulations  which  effect
inter-media  program   efforts   and  coordination;  evaluation   of  enforcement
agreement  implementation;  and  examination  of State environmental  agencies'
funding arid staffing.  Three Regions participated in OPPE's Regional integrated
environmental management projects.  All Regions devoted additional resources to
beginning  the development  of comprehensive  Regional  risk reduction strategies
to  establish  the   necessary   institutional  framework  for   addressing  risk
assessment, management, and  communication.   First  steps involved examining  the
Regions' priority-setting process, developing a more  objective  means of  setting
priorities  (including  use of Geographic  Information System technologies)  andl
establishing  a  process for increased  Regional   participation   in  developing
Agency priorities and assessing Regional risk reduction efforts.
                                11-71

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Support
 Costs

-------
                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990  Budget  Estimate

                              Table of Contents


                                                                        Page

MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT                                                 11-1

SUPPORT COSTS
   Support Costs	 11-72
      Professional Training	11-73
      Nationwide Support Services	11-74
      Headquarters Support Services	IT-74
      Regional Support Services	11-75
      Automated'Data Processing Support Costs.	 11-76
      Lab Support - Research and Development	11-77
      Lab Support - Air and Radiation.	11-77
      Lab Support - Pesticides and Toxic Substances	 .  .  .   . 11-78

-------
                                                   SUPPORT COSTS
                                                   Support Costs
ACTUAL .
1988
Professional Training
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Nationwide Support
Services
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Headquarters Support
Services
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
i •
Regional Support
Services
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Automated Data
Processing Support
Costs
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Lab Support-Research &
Development .
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Lab Support - Air And
Radiation
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Lab Support -
Pesticides & Toxic
Substances
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL


$69
$69


$34
$34


$28
$28



$33
$33


$6
$6


$1
$1





$487
$487

,462
.462


.809
,809


.129
.129



,880
,880


.281
,281


,747
,747



$204
$204
.2
.2

.4
.4


.9
.9


.9
.9



.8
.8


.6
.6


.4
.4



.6
.6
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST
1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$520.4 $515,9 $600
$520.4 $515.9 $600

$76,236
$76,236


$40,773
$40,773


$32,028
$32,028



$33,625
$33,625


$7,798
$7,798


'$1,853
$1,853



$451
$451

.5
.5


.1
.1


.9
.9



.0
.0


.4
.4


.2
.2



.4
.4

$76.468
$76,468


$39,491
$39,491


$31.632
$31,632



$34,575
$34,575


$7,450
$7,450


$1,853
$1,853



$451
$451

.3
.3


.3
.3


.6
.6



.0
.0


.3
.3


.2
.2



.4
.4

$82,328
$82,328


$48.923
$48,923


$37,282
$37,282



$46,220
$46,220


$8,188
$8,188


$1,953
$1.953



$474
$474
.0
.0

.0
.0


.7
.7


.6
.6



.5
.5


.3
.3


.2
.2



.0
.0 .
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
$84
$84

$5,859
$5,859


$9,432
$9,432


$5,650
$5,650



$11,645
$11,645


$738
$738


$100
$100



$22
$22
.1
.1

.7
.7


.4
.4


.0
.0



.5
.5


.0
.0


.0
.0



.6
.6
 Salaries & Expenses

Support Costs
      $175,003.8 $193,286.9 $192,438.0 $225,970.3   $33,532.3

TOTAL $175,428.5 $193,286.9 $192,438.0 $225,970.3   $33,532.3
                11-72

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                            MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
                                 Support Costs


Budget Request

     The Agency requests a total of $225,970,300 for 1990,  an increase of
$33,532,300 from 1989.  All of the request is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.


PROFESSIONAL TRAINING

1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a  total  of $600,000  for  this program, all  of which
will  be for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.    This represents  an
increase of $84,100  from 1989.  The increase will enhance  current  training and
development programs  as  well as  support human resources management initiatives
especially in  the  areas of  expanding  technology transfer  to  state,  local and
tribal governments.  The Agency will continue to offer training and development
to  managers   and  support  staff.   Scientific  and  technical  courses will  be
developed.    The  EPA  Institute  will  add to  its  current  offerings.   Career
development activities will  be enhanced in order to  help employees develop and
maintain needed skills.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the  Agency is  allocating a total of $515,900  for this program,
all of which  is from  the Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation.   These funds are
being used to develop and  deliver  a widening variety of training opportunities
through the EPA Institute and will increase  the number of employees trained to
conduct these courses.   Institute  courses Agencywide  will  be consolidated into
an  automated  course  catalogue.   The Agency  will emphasize  Regional Institute
activities, especially those involving transfer of  technology to  states and
tribal communities.   EPA will continue to conduct supervisory and managerial
training courses  including  "Framework  for  Supervision",  "Keys to  Managerial
Excellence",  and "Managing  for  Results" and will introduce  "A Core Course for
Executives".   In addition,   it  will develop  programs  to  augment   these  core
managerial  courses.   Career  development  programs   will  be  supported  which
increase the cross-agency and cross-media experience of employees and managers,
and improve their  ability  to address complex  environmental  problems.   Current
activities of the Senior Executive Service (SES) Candidate Development Program,
the   Presidential  Management  Intern   Program  and   the"  Greater  Leadership
Opportunities Program will be maintained.  The Agency will continue to support
the career advisory committees and the  Human Resources Council.
                               11-73

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1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $487,200 for this program, all of
which  was  from  the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.   These  funds  were
utilized to provide training in  the areas  of supervisory management, executive
development,  clerical  skills,  and  technical  and scientific development.   EPA
Institute operations were expanded  to regions  and  field locations.   The Agency
developed a pre-supervisory training program as  well  as the Greater Leadership
Opportunities Program (GLO),  a program targeted at helping women and minorities
to advance.
NATIONWIDE SUPPORT SERVICES

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of  $82,328,000  for  this program,  all of which
will  be  for  the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.    This represents  an
increase  of  $5,859,700 from  1989.   The  increase will  cover  additional space
rental and FTS rate increases as well as cost escalations to service contracts.
These funds -will  pay  for Agencywide support costs including space rental,  Ann
Arbor laboratory  lease-purchase  agreement,  postage,  FTS and telecommunications
costs, national security, Code of Federal Regulations typesetting,  unemployment
compensation, workmen's compensation, health and safety studies,  and personnel
support  for  Public Health  Service  commissioned officers.    The  request  also
reflects  the  transfer of $1,675,000 for  basic Nationwide  Support services  to
the Inspector General Appropriation  to  implement the  new Inspector General Act
Amendments of 1988.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total  of $76,468,300 for this program,
all of which  is from  the  Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation.   These resources
are being used by the  Agency to provide efficient nationwide  services  to the
Agency workforce.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $69,462,400 for this program, all
of  which  was  from  the Salaries and Expenses  appropriation.   These resources
allowed the Agency to pursue several nationwide support efforts in the areas of
space planning, telecommunications,  information security, and personal property
management.


HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT SERVICES

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of  $48,923,700  for  this program,  all of which
will  be  for  the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.    This represents  an
increase of $9,432,400 from 1989.  The increase will  provide for cost increases
for  utilities and  cost escalations to  service contracts, as well  as cover
anticipated utility rate increases.  It will also support information management
                               11-74

-------
services and  provide  ADP technical support  for the State/EPA  Data Management
Program, the  Integrated Financial  Management System,   administrative  systems,
systems modernization and  records  management.    These resources  will  provide
space  planning  and coordination  services for  the new Headquarters  facility.
These  resources  will  also  provide  ongoing  Headquarters  Support  services
including motor  pool,  printing and copying,  telephones,  utilities, facilities
operations  and  maintenance,  and  ADP  technical  support  to  EPA operations  in
Washington,  Research Triangle Park (RTP),  North Carolina,  and Cincinnati, Ohio.
This  request  also  reflects the  transfer  of $609,200  for basic  Headquarters
Support services to the Inspector General Appropriation to implement the IG Act
Amendments of 1988.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the Agency is allocating a total of $39,491,300 for this program,
all of which  is  from  the Salaries and Expenses  appropriation.   These resources
are being used to  provide ongoing office,  building,  and information management
services  to  EPA  operations  in  Washington,   RTP,  and  Cincinnati.   With  this
funding level the  Agency will provide critical ongoing  services  necessary  to
operate  and  manage   EPA   facilities,  office   supply/support  services,   and
management  information  systems.  Additionally,  the  Agency will   continue  to
carry-out   its   operating   plans   for  delegation  of   authority  for  lease
enforcement/building  operations  at  headquarters facilities, and will continue
to  refine  procedures  for  property  management/inventory  control.   We  will
continue to plan for  the new Headquarters facility  and focus  on refinement of
design characteristics.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the Agency obligated a total of $34,809,900 for this  program, all
of which  was  from  the Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation.   These  resources
provided basic  Headquarters Support services to EPA operations in Washington,
RTP, and Cincinnati.   In addition,  detailed  technical  requirements, evaluation
criteria,  and site analysis  information was  performed in preparation  for the
new Headquarters facility.   ADP support was  provided  for the  first modules of
the Integrated Financial Management System.


REGIONAL SUPPORT SERVICES                                                 '

1990 Program  Request

     The Agency  requests a  total  of $37,282,600 for this  program,  all of which
will  be for  the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.    This represents  an
increase of $5,650,000 from  1989.   The  increase  will allow  for  contract and
rate  increases  in  basic operating  costs,  provide for  the purchase of  ESD lab
equipment,  support Regional  moves  and  the  Regional  Institutes   and  provide
support for  Financial  Management activities.   This  level  of  resources  will
provide the ten Regional offices with basic support services including printing
and  copying,   minicomputer  operations,  utilities,  mail,  telephone,  library
operations,  general  training, office  and  laboratory facility  maintenance,  and
technical support.
                               11-75

-------
1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total  of $31,632,600  for  this  program,
all of which is  form the Salaries and Expenses  appropriation.   These resources)
are being  used to provide basic office,  building,  and information management
services to the Regions.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency obligated  a total of $28,129,900  for  this program,  all
of  which  was  from  the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.    These  funds
provided ongoing  support  services  in the Regions, including  improved  property
management and better safety and security for EPA employees.   Also,  the Regions
continued efforts to increase Regional productivity.


AUTOMATED DATA PROCESSING SUPPORT COSTS

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of  $46,220,500  for this  program,  all  of which
will  be for  the  Salaries and  Expenses appropriation.   This  represents  an
increase of  $11,645,500 from 1989.   This increase will  enable the Agency  to
allow  for  increased  timeshare  capacity  to  meet  additional  program    and
administrative ADP needs.   These resources will provide  the mainframe computing
capacity,  telecommunications network and operations  to  support the access  and
use  of environmental  and  management  data.    This  request also  reflects  the
transfer of  $130,000  for  basic ADP  support  services  to  the  Inspector General
Appropriation to implement the Inspector General Act Amendments of 1988.

1989 Program

     The Agency is allocating a total of  $34,575,000, all of  which is  from the
Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.  These funds are  being used to  maintain
current  computing  services in  support of  all Agency  programs,  exclusive  of
Superfund.   The Agency  is  also completing the  replacement of  obsolete  Regional
computing  with  modern  technology  and is  beginning  to implement a more  open
telecommunications  architecture   centered   around   current  communications
standards.

1988. Accomplishments                                              t

     In  1988,  the Agency  obligated  a total of  $33,880,800,  all  of which  was
from the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.   The Agency used these  funds  to
maintain and operate its mainframe computing systems, continue  the replacement
of  obsolete  minicomputers  in  the  Agency's   Regional  Offices   with  modern
processors   that  are   compatible   with   the  Agency's   mainframe   and
telecommunications   architecture,   implemented  the   Agency's  short-term
telecommunications   strategy  which   increased  bandwidth   and   improved
concentration of  data  transmission,  began the  implementation of  its long-term
intelligent workstation  program by awarding a master   contract for a  range  of
                               11-76

-------
compatible  personal  computers   (PC's)   and  related  support  services,  and
continued  to  support  modernization  of  the  Agency's  laboratory  computing
resources.
LAB SUPPORT - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $8,188,300  all of  which will be for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation.    This  represents  an increase of $738,000
from 1989  to provide for  the  operating costs for a biotechnology building in
Gulf Breeze, Florida and the Hatfield Marine Science Center in Newport, Oregon.
Funds provide  for essential services  required to  operate and  maintain ORD's
seven remote laboratories located in:
                                                           • •

     o  Athens, Georgia
     o  Ada, Oklahoma
     o  Corvallis, Oregon
     o  Duluth, Minnesota
     o  Narragansett, Rhode Island
     o  Gulf Breeze, Florida
     o  Las Vegas, Nevada

     Services  include,   but are not   limited  to,  facilities  operation  and
maintenance;  janitorial   and   guard   services;   local   telephone  services;
utilities; and equipment operations, maintenance and rental costs.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of  $7,450,300,  all of which is
from the Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation.   This  program  provides funds for
the operation and maintenance of ORD's seven remote laboratories.

1988 Accomplishments

     The Agency  obligated $6,281,600,  all of which was  from  the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation.   These  funds provided for the operation and maintenance
of remote laboratories.
LAB SUPPORT - AIR AND RADIATION ,

1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total  of $1,953,200 for  this  program,  all of which
is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.   This represents an increase of
$100,000 from  1989.   The  increase reflects increased  support  costs  at air and
radiation  laboratories.    .This program  supports the  Motor Vehicle  Emissions
Laboratory (MVEL)  in Ann  Arbor, Michigan; the  Eastern Environmental Radiation
Facility (EERF)  in Montgomery, Alabama;  and  the  Las Vegas  radiation facility
(LVF) in Nevada.  These  funds provide basic operation and maintenance  support
                                11-77

-------
at these  locations.   The  support  provided includes security,  janitorial,  and
maintenance  services;  utilities;   General Services  Administration  vehicles;
supplies and materials; and communications.

1989 Proeram

     In  1989  the  Agency  is  allocating  $1,853,200  to  support  the  three
laboratories,  all from  the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.   The  1989
program is  providing the  same  types  of activities described for  1990:   basic
laboratory  operations,  maintenance,   and  supplies.     These  activities  are
required on a continuing basis for effective and safe laboratory operation.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988  the  Agency obligated a total  of  $1,747,400  for this  program,  all
of  which  is  from  the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.    These  funds
provided  the basic  facilities  operations  and maintenance costs  necessary to
operate the three laboratories.


LAB SUPPORT - PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of $474,000  for  this program,  all  of which
will  be  for the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation.    This represents  an
increase  of  $22,600,  reflecting.increased  equipment maintenance costs.   These
funds will be used for basic facilities and operation and maintenance costs for
the laboratories in Beltsville,  Maryland and Bay St.  Louis, Mississippi.  These
costs  include  utilities,   security,   communications,   warehousing,   custodialI
services,  and building maintenance.  These  resources will also  provide for the
purchase of new laboratory equipment to  replace equipment which is obsolete or
no longer cost-effective to  repair, and  cover  increasing  maintenance costs  for
existing  equipment.    The increase  will  also provide  for the  purchase  of
equipment for  building analytical  capacity for biotechnology and  other unique
products which cannot be validated with traditional laboratory instruments.

1989 Program  .

     In 1989,  the Agency  is  allocating  a total of $451,400  for  this  program,
all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.  The 1989 program
supports the facilities, operations, and maintenance costs for the laboratories
in Beltsville, Maryland and Bay St.  Louis, Mississippi.    These  costs include
utilities, security,  communications, warehousing,  custodian services,  building
maintenance, purchase of new laboratory equipment to replace equipment which is
obsolete or no longer cost-effective to repair, equipment maintenance,  building
biotechnology capacity, and analyzing unique products  which cannot be validated
with traditional analytical laboratory instruments.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $204,600 for this  program, all of
which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.   The funds  were used to
provide general support and maintenance of the laboratories.
                                11-78

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12. BUILDING AND
   FACILITIES

-------
                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                            1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES                                               12-1

   Buildings and Facilities. .  .	  ............ 12-3
      New Facilities	 .  .	 12-4
      Repairs and Improvements	 12-4

-------
                                                    BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989  .    ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)


APPROPRIATION                 $18,247.1   $8,000.0  $16,514.8   $8,000.0   -$8,514.8

OUTLAYS                        $9,247.0  $12,929.0  $12,929.0  $18,623.0    $5,694.0

AUTHORIZAITON LEVELS          Authorization is by virtue of the Appropriation Act.
                                      12-1

-------
                              BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY

     The Buildings and Facilities appropriation funds the design, construction,
repair and improvement of buildings  occupied by EPA.   The Agency currently has
ten Regional offices with associated Regional laboratories,  two large research
and development laboratories, a number  of  field stations with laboratory faci-
lities and a large headquarters complex.

     This  program provides  a  safe  and  healthful  work  environment for  EPA
employees by providing for renovation  upgrades,  repair or  replacement  of our
facilities. Major efforts  are  directed towards  implementing intermediate and
long-range plans  which assess alternative housing options  for EPA operations,
as well  as  continuing a repair  program that protects  the  investment in EPA's
real property holdings.  Resources  are  also  used to upgrade and modify current
facilities  to  more   adequately   and  efficiently  address  Agency  programs.
Particular emphasis will be  placed on  environmental  compliance  efforts  in EPA
facilities where  modifications  are needed to  accommodate  storage of hazardous
materials,  removal of asbestos  and PCB's,  upgrading  fire  and  life  safety
systems, such as  installation of sprinkler and detection systems as well as the
removal of Halon  systems, and renovating HVAC  systems to meet ventilation standards.
                              12-2

-------
                                                   BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES

                                                   Buildings and Facilities
ACTUAL
1988

ENACTED
1989

CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
New Facilities
 Buildings & Facilities
                       TOTAL
Repairs & Improvements
 Buildings & Facilities
                       TOTAL
$11,752.2
$11,752.2
 $6,494.9
 $6,494.9
$1,900.0  $10,100.7
$1,900.0  $10,100.7
$6,100.0
$6,100.0
$6,414.1
$6,414.1
             $500.0
             $500.0
$7,500.0
$7,500.0
           •$9,600.7
           •$9,600.7
$1,085.9
$1,085'.9
TOTAL:
 Buildings & Facilities
$18,247.1   $8,000.0  $16,514.8   $8,000.0   -$8,514.8
                                      12-3

-------
                           Buildings and Facilities

Budget Request

   The Agency  requests  $8,000,000 for the Buildings  and Facilities appropria-
tion, a decrease of $8,514,800 from 1989.

NEW FACILITIES

1990 Program Request

   The Agency requests a  total  of $500,000  for this  program, all of which will
be for the  Building and Facilities appropriation.   This represents a decrease
of $9,600,700 from  1989.  This  request will  provide  funds to construct daycare
facilities.

1989 Program

   In 1989, the Agency is allocating $10,100,700 for this program, all of which
is from the Buildings and Facilities appropriation.  These funds are being used
to construct a  new water quality monitoring field station in Newport, Oregon;
design and  renovate a Superfund  Lab  in  Edison, New Jersey;  and substantially
complete  the  design for  a  Clinical Inhalation Research Laboratory  at Chapel
Hill, North  Carolina.   These funds  will  design and construct a biotechnology
lab  in Gulf Breeze, Florida; design  and  renovate a lab to  test  and evaluate
innovative  hazardous  waste  treatment technologies  in  Edison,  New  Jersey;
continue  to construct  a. radiation  lab  in  Montgomery,  Alabama;   and  support
construction management activities at the  Newport, Oregon laboratory.

1988 Accomplishments

   In 1988,  the Agency  obligated a total of $11,752,200 for this program, all
of which was carryover  from  the Buildings  and  Facilities appropriation.  These
funds were  used to start construction on a  new water quality monitoring field
station  in  Newport,  Oregon,  and  to design   a  lab  for clinical  inhalation
research  in  Chapel Hill, North  Carolina.   In  addition,  work continued on the
Montgomery radiation lab, and construction was completed on the hazardous waste
containment laboratory in Cincinnati,  Ohio.

REPAIRS AND IMPROVEMENTS

1990 Program Request

   The Agency  requests  a total of $7,500,000  for this program,  all  of which
will be  for the  Buildings  and  Facilities  appropriation.   This  represents an
increase  of $1,085,900  from 1989.   The  increase  will be used  for  health and
safety  and  environmental  compliance  projects.     These funds  will  provide
planning,  engineering  design,   and  construction  related  to  the repair  and
improvement of  buildings  occupied by EPA.  More specifically, these funds will
be used to address critical repaj.rs related to employee health and safety (fire
protection  installation);  environmental  compliance  efforts   in  EPA facilities
(asbestos  removal  and hazardous  materials  storage);  and required alterations
and  repairs  (electrical  distribution,  air conditioning,  emergency power  for
animal facilities).
                               12-4

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1989 Program

   In 1989,  the  Agency is allocating  a total of $6,414,100 for  this program,
all  of which  is  from  the  Buildings  and  Facilities appropriation.    These
resources  are  being utilized primarily  to provide facilities  maintenance  and
repair  in  an  effort  to prevent  further  deterioration of EPA facilities;  to
initiate environmental compliance activities  such as  asbestos  and PCB removal;
and to continue health and safety improvements and  modifications  to facilities
reflecting shifts in program priorities and upgraded space requirements.

1988 Accomplishments

   In 1988,  the  Agency obligated a  total  of  $6,494,900,  all of which was from
the  Buildings  and  Facilities  appropriation.   These resources  were used  to
complete various health and safety and environmental compliance improvements to
protect EPA  employees and provide  routine and emergency repairs  at multiple
sites throughout the nation.
                              12-5

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13. CONSTRUCTION
    GRANTS

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY




                            1990 Budget Estimate




                              Table of Contents




                                                                        Page




CONSTRUCTION GRANTS                                                    13-1




   Construction Grants 	 	 13-3

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                                                    CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECRESE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)


APPROPRIATION              $2,793,098.0 1950,000.0 1950,000.0 1200,000.0 -$750,000.0

OUTLAYS                    $2,514,461.0 2390,000.0 2390,000.0 2350,000.0  -$40,000.0

AUTHORIZATION LEVELS       The Water Quality Act of 1987 reauthorized this program
                           at a level of $2,400,000,000 for each year 1987 through
                           1991.
                                      13-1

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                              CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY

Program Background

     Since  1973  the  construction  grants program  has  completed about  7,000
construction  projects  and  provided  over $50  billion  of the  more than  $73
billion  invested  in  grant-assisted  wastewater treatment works.   There  are
currently about 15,600  treatment plants  in the  nation serving over 176 million
people.

     This program has been authorized since  1972  through Title II of the Clean
Water  Act  (CWA).    Legislative  amendments in  1977  and  1981  made a number of
significant changes  to  the program which increased state responsibilities  for
direct  grants  management and reduced the  Federal role in  financing  project
grants.   The  statute  provides  a  formula  for  annual  allotment  of funds to
states  and contains  authorities  for various  funding  set-asides to  support
delegated state  management,  water quality management  planning,  innovative  and
alternative technologies, and rural communities.

Program Transition

     The Water Quality  Act (WQA) of  1987 set the stage for significant program
changes.   The traditional program of grants  to communities  for constructing
facilities is being  replaced by grants  to states to  capitalize revolving  loan
funds  (SRFs), ushering  in expanded  state  responsibilities and  autonomy  in an
already extensively delegated program.   Although  several Title II requirements
will apply to projects  funded with capitalization grants for  the initial round
of assistance under  the SRF program,  the new Title VI  of the CWA gives states
substantial flexibility to meet their municipal pollution control needs.  Under
the SRF program, states will have greater flexibility to use funds for nonpoint
source and estuary programs after they have addressed National Municipal Policy
projects.    Eight states  received  SRF  grants in  1988;  40  SRF grants  are
projected for 1989, and a total of 51 SRF grants are expected in 1990.

     Another key  change brought by  the  WQA was  the  creation  of  several  set-
asides  from construction  grants  (Title II   funds).    These   include  National
reserves for  Indian  tribe wastewater treatment grants,  Marine  Combined  Sewer
Overflow grants,  and  funding for  the National  Estuary  Program.   A  state  set-
aside  allows each state to use one  percent  or  $100,000, whichever is  greater,
for  nonpoint  source programs.    The  set-asides  have  provided  significant
financial support to these activities since the WQA was enacted;  however,  they
will end with the final appropriation of Title II funds in 1990.

     Although  construction   grants   funding  will  end  after  1990,   grants
management activities will  continue at  significant levels  through the  1990's.
In 1989,  almost 6,000  grants will remain active.   EPA will help assure  that
grant-assisted  projects  utilize   appropriate   and   affordable  designs,  are
constructed in the most cost-effective manner,  and are managed and operated to
comply with program  and discharge requirements..  Effective management of  the
national construction grants  program will be stressed,  emphasizing development
and  implementation of  multi-year  Regional and state  strategies  to  construct,
complete, and close out construction grants.   EPA will request delegated states
seeking  SRF  capitalization grants to provide strategies  for  constructing  and
completing  grant  projects,  including resource plans  covering the  remaining
period through construction,  audit and grant  closeout.


                              13-2

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                              CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
                              Construction Grants
Budget Request

     The Agency requests a total of  $1,200,000,000  for  the construction grants
appropriation, under  Titles  II  and VI  of the  Clean Water  Act (CWA).   This
request  is  divided  between  construction  grants  ($400,000,000)   and  State
Revolving   Funds    (SRF)   ($800,000,000),  and   represents   a  decrease   of
$750,000,000 from 1989.
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of  $1,200,000,000  for  the construction grants
appropriation,  a  decrease  of  $750,000,000  from  1989.    This  request  is
consistent with the Administration's $12 billion phaseout of the program, which
was designed  to  provide  the  Federal resources needed to  construct the highest
priority projects  and bring noncomplying  publicly  owned  treatment  works back
into compliance with the secondary treatment requirements of Title II.

     Gross  obligations   for   the   construction  grants   program  will  total
approximately  $221,000,000;  gross  obligations for  the  SRF program  will total
approximately  $1,222,000,000.   Net outlays are projected  to  be $1,676,000,000
for construction grants and $674,000,000 for the SRF program.

     The requested  funding  level will provide  for  a total of  63 construction
grant  awards,  resulting  in  a  total  active  workload  of approximately  5,500
construction  grant  projects  at  the  end  of  1990.   There  will  also be  an
estimated 51 operational SRF programs during 1990.   Section 205(g) and (j) set-
aside obligations are expected  to  continue  at  authorized  levels.   In addition,
construction  grant  set-asides  (Title  II funds  only)  under  Section  205  will
provide  grants  for  Indian  tribes,  marine  combined  sewer  overflows,  and
estuaries.

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the  Agency is  allocating a  total   of  $1,950,000,000  from  the
construction grants appropriation.

     Gross  obligations   for   the   construction  grants   program  will  total
approximately  $1,166,000,000  and   approximately  $1,361,000,000   for  the  SRF
program.   Net outlays  will  be  approximately  $2,262,000,000 for construction
grants  and  $128,000,000 for  the  SRF  program.   The 1989  funding  level  will
result  in a  total  of  282 Title II grant awards and a total active workload of
almost 6,000 construction grants projects at the end of  1989.   The Agency also
expects  to  have  40 operational SRF programs in 1989.   Section  205 set-aside
obligations are expected to continue at authorized  levels.

     The  1989 construction  grants  appropriation   included  $68,000,000  which
Congress earmarked  for  Boston Harbor  ($25,000,000), Des  Moines ($20,000,000),
Tijuana ($20,000,000), and Oakwood Beach/Red Hook ($3,000,000).   Authorizations
                              13-3

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for  these  activities  are  contained  in  Sections  513,   515,  510,  and  512,
respectively, of the Water Quality Act of 1987.  The Agency is working with the
affected jurisdictions  to develop,, plans  for the use  of these funds consistent
with their authorized purposes.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  gross  obligations  totaled  $2,685,098,000 for construction grants
and  $108^000,000  for  the  SRF program.   This funding supported 634 Title  II
grant awards and resulted in a total active workload of 6,244 grant projects at
the  end of  1988.    Federal  outlays  totaled  $2,514,461,000 for  construction
grants  and  $371,000  for the  SRF program.   States  obligated $82,704,000 under
205  (g)  and $24,100,000 under 205 (j)  for water  quality and  nonpoint source
planning.
                               13-4

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14. SUPERFUND

-------
                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents
SUPERFUND                                                              14-1

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   Hazardous Substance Research. 	 	 ........ 14-8
      Scientific Assessment.	14-16
      Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance	 14-17
      Health Effects	14-19
      Environmental Engineering and Technology 	 14-20
      Environmental Processes and Effects	14-22
      Exploratory Research		14-23
      Technical Information and Liaison	14-24
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE
   Hazardous Substance Response. .  .  .... .  .  .  .   . .  .  .  .  .  .  .   . 14-25
      Hazardous Spill and Site Response.  .	 14-26
   Hazardous Substance Response - Support	14-34
      Hazardous Substance Response -  Office of Water  . .  ....  .  .   . 14-35
      Hazardous Substance Response -  Office of Air and Radiation .  .   . 14-37
   Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency	14-38
      Department of Health and Human Services.	 14-40
      United States Coast Guard. .  ,	14-42
      Department of Justice.	  ...... 14-43
      Federal Emergency Management Agency	14-43
      National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration	14-44
      Department of the Interior .......  	   . 14-45
      Occupational Safety and Health Administration	 14-46
ENFORCEMENT
   Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement.  .....  	   . 14-47
      Hazardous Substance Technical Support - Office of Enforcementnt
        and Compliance Monitoring	 14-49
      Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement	14-51
      Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement	 14-53
      Hazardous Substance Criminal Investigations	14-56
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT                           .
   Hazardous Substance Management and Support.  ............ 14-58
      Hazardous Substance Financial Management -  Headquarters.  .  .  .   . 14-64
      Hazardous Substance Financial Management -  Regions .  .  .  .  .  .   . 14-65
      Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters .   .14-65
      Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Regions.  .... 14-66
      Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants
        Management - Headquarters.  .  .	 14-67
      Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants         ;
        Management - Regions 	 14-68
      Hazardous Substance Support Services - Headquarters.  ...... 14-68
      Hazardous Substance Support Services - Regions  . .  .  .  .  .  .  .   . 14-69
      Hazardous Substance Computer Services. ..... 	 14-69
      Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Headquarters	   . 14-70

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                 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                       1990 Budget Estimate

                        Table of Contents
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Regions 	 .. 14-70
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Inspector General	14-71
Hazardous Substance - Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation. 14-72
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Comptroller. 	 14-74
Hazardous Substance - Office of External Affairs 	 14-74
Hazardous Substance - Executive Offices.	 14-75
Hazardous Substance - Office of Research
  and Development - Lab Support	14-76

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                                   SUPERFUND
                                   Actual
                                    1988
          Current
         Estimate
           1989
          Estimate
            1990
         Increase +
         Decrease -
          1990 vs.
            1989
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES

Incremental Outputs

Removal Actions:
     Fund Financed	
     PRP Response	

Pre-remedial Activities:
     Preliminary Assessments
     Site Inspections	

Remedial Investigations/
Feasibility Studies:
     Fund Financed	
     PRP Response	

Remedial Designs:
     Fund Financed	
     PRP Response	

Remedial Actions:
     Fund Financed	
     PRP Response	

Judicial Enforcement:
     106 Referrals	
     107 Referrals...	
     Criminal Referrals	
  195
   78
2,884
1,237
   53
   48
   39
   26
   37
   21
   26
   59
    1
  190
   42
2,500
1,325
   43
   60
   61
   67
   23
   44
   68
   66
    1
  190
   56
2,500
1,325
   55
   67*
   75
   65
   41
   50
   83
   60
    4
  0
+14
  0
  0
+12
 +7
+14
 -2
+18
 +6
+15
 -6
 +3
*  Includes State-Enforcement Lead
                                14-6

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                                   SUPERFOND
                                   Actual
                                    1988
           Current
          Estimate
            1989
           Estimate
             1990
          Increase +
          Decrease
           1990 v
             1989
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES

Cumulative Outputs

Removal Actions:
     Fund Financed.	
     FRP Response	

Pre-remedial Activities:
     Preliminary Assessments
     Site Inspections	

Remedial Investigations/
Feasibility Studies
     Fund Financed	
     PRP Response	
     Both	

Remedial Designs:
     Fund Financed	
     PRP Response	

Remedial Actions:
     Fund Financed	
     PRP Response	
     Both	

Judicial Enforcement:
     106 Referrals	
     107 Referrals.	
     Criminal Referrals	
 1,034
   262
26,888
 9,072
   485
   143
    72
   163
    81
   104
    83
     4
   139
   236
     1
 1.224
   304
29,388
10,397
   528
   203
   N/A
   224
   148
   127
   127
   N/A
   207
   302
     2
 1,414
   360
31,888
11,722
   583
   270
   N/A
   299
   213
   168
  .177
   N/A
   290
   362
     6
  +190
   +56
+2,500
+1,325
   +55
   +67
   N/A
   +75
   +65
   +41
   +50
   N/A
   +83
   +60
    +4
                               14-7

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                                                     SUPERFUND
                                 ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                  1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECRESE -
                                                        1989               1990 VS 1989
                                                (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

 APPROPRIATION
  Hazardous Substance        $1497,370.3 1425,000.0 1579,093.2 1739,683.0  $160,589.8
  Superfund
  Office of the                                                 $10,317.0   $10,317.0
  Inspector General


 TOTAL, Superfund            $1497,370.3 1425,000.0 1579,093.2 1750,000.0  $170,906.8

     ^
PERMANENT WORKYEARS              2,451.9    2,706.7    2,701.7    2,535.0      -166.7
 TOTAL WORKYEARS                 2,642.2    2,830.0    2,824.7    3,035.0       210.3
 OUTLAYS                      $828,912.0 1150,000.0 1150,000.0 1375,000.0  $225,000.0
 AUTHORIZATION LEVELS        The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA)
                             of 1986 authorizes a total of $8,500,000,000 for this
                             program for 1987 through 1991.
NOTE:   1988 Actual includes $250.3 discussed in Hazardous Waste,  Community Right To Know;
       and $105.0 discussed in Toxic Substances,  OPTS Title III.
                                           14-1

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                                   SUPERFUND
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
     The Comprehensive  Environmental  Response,  Compensation,  and Liability Act
(CERCLA) of  1980,  as amended by  the Superfund Amendments  and Reauthorization
Act  (SARA)  of 1986, charges the  Agency with the  responsibility for providing
emergency response  for  hazardous  substances released into  the environment and
the  remediation  of inactive  hazardous  waste  disposal sites.    The  Agency
endeavors to mitigate or eliminate one or more of the following situations:  1)
contamination of drinking water supplies, ground water,  and soil;  2) pollution
of surface  streams  and  lakes;  3)  danger of  fire or  explosion; 4)  spreading of
toxic  fumes;  and  5)  direct contact  by humans  and wildlife with  hazardous
materials.   The Hazardous Substance  Superfund  finances  the  required activities
to   implement   CERCLA   through   excise  taxes  levied   on   oil  and  chemical
manufacturers,  a  corporate environmental   tax,   cost   recoveries,  fines  and
penalties,  and general revenues.

     The Agency will respond to releases of hazardous  substances,  pollutants,
and  contaminants  by either a  removal  or  remedial action  or by  compelling
potentially  responsible  parties   (PRPs)  to undertake  the   response  action.
Removal actions are  generally short-term responses taken to abate  an immediate
threat posed  by the uncontrolled release  of hazardous   substances  at  sites or
spills into  the air, land,  or water.   Remedial actions  involve long-term and
more permanent  remedies  taken  instead of,  or in addition  to, removal actions.
The program will continue to select sites for remedial action from the National
Priorities List (NPL) and to undertake  all  response  actions in accordance with
the National Contingency Plan (NCP).

     While  the  Agency  has  the  primary  responsibility  for  implementing the
program, CERCLA,  Executive  Order 12580,  and SARA,  provide a  mandate  for the
Agency to work closely with  a variety of  other Federal  agencies and the states
to  carry  out  the   Act.    The  Agency  undertakes  five major activities  in
implementing the .Superfund program:   Hazardous Substance Response,  Enforcement,
Interagency  Support, Research  and  Development,  and Management and  Support.
The  effective integration of these activities  involves  close cooperation among
various Agency  offices,  the states,   and  other Federal   agencies with  specific
program responsibilities.

Response Actions Address Environmental Threats

     The response program addresses  two major  goals:  1)  to  stabilize actual or
potential threats  from  releases  of hazardous  substances;  and 2)    to  ensure
that  environmental   threats  posed by  uncontrolled  hazardous  waste sites are
addressed quickly and effectively.

     The emphasis in 1990 will  be  to  continue a shift to greater involvement of
PRPs  in  the remedial process.    This program growth will  occur as  the  Agency
continues  to balance  environmental   concerns   and  program  priorities.    Work
directed to  pre-remedial activities  will continue at a constant level  as the
emphasis of  the program  shifts  to   the  completion of feasibility  studies and
remedial designs.   Progress in  moving sites  to the  final  response  stages will
                                14-2

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be  stressed  as  the  Agency  strives  to meet  the SARA  schedules  for  remedial
action starts.  Increased resources are being directed to fund remedial actions
that will be ready for construction to begin in 1990.  The Agency will continue
to  place  an  emphasis   on  the  requirement  of   preference   for  treatment
technologies and permanent remedies.

     The Agency  will focus  its  removal  actions on  "classical  emergencies"  or
time-critical  responses   where   there  is  no  PRP,   state,  or  local  response
alternative.  A  lack of  action  on the Agency's part in these situations could
result  in  substantial harm to  the  public  health and/or  the  environment.
Continued emphasis will be placed on greater PRP,  state and local participation
in all areas of emergency response.

     Activities  complementary  to  direct  response actions  will be  supported.
The Agency's  Environmental Response Team will  continue  to provide  training and
technical support to Agency, state, and local government personnel.  The Agency
will  continue  to  operate  a   system  for  collecting  comprehensive  national
notification  and  response  data  on accidental  releases of hazardous substances.
Emphasis will continue on the transfer of research outcomes and other technical
information among decision makers, with emphasis on the transfer of information
concerning alternative technologies to land disposal.

     To  ensure  that Superfund response activities  do not  result  in radiation
hazards  or  diminished air and  water  quality,  the Office of  Air and Radiation
and  the  Office  of  Water  will  continue  to  provide  laboratory . analyses,
technical assistance and guidance for these efforts.

Enforcement Actions Continue to Emphasize Privately-Funded Response Activities

     The  enforcement   component  of   the   Superfund  program continues  tot
emphasize   privately-funded response  actions.   PRPs  will be  prompted  to act
through  negotiated  administrative settlements  for  pre-remedial  actions  and
through  settlements  embodied  in  a  Consent  Decree  for  remedial design  and
construction.  Negotiations will be based on assessments of site conditions and
alternative solutions identified by the Agency.

     Where negotiations  are unsuccessful,  either  a  Fund-financed action with
subsequent cost  recovery  will occur,  or  a CERCLA Section  106  judicial action
will be  undertaken to compel a privately-financed response.   Settlements and
judgements  will  be  monitored  for compliance  and,  where  necessary,  punitive
action taken.

     The Agency  will enter into agreements with the  states to encourage their
active .involvement  in the  Superfund  program.   Through these  agreements,  the
Agency will  provide  technical  assistance  as  the states  compel  PRP  response
under state authorities and oversee privately-funded response actions.

     The  enforcement program will also  provide technical  assistance  to other
Federal  agencies  that are  addressing  uncontrolled  hazardous conditions  at
facilities owned or operated by that  agency.   EPA  will concur or  select the
site remedy and  will negotiate  an agreement with  the agencies to  implement the
remedy.

     The Criminal Enforcement program will use the felony provisions of SARA to
prosecute parties who illegally dispose of  waste,   fail  to report  hazardous
substance releases, destroy records,  or submit false information on claims.
                               14-3

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The Agency will provide specialized support for the Enforcement program through
laboratory  analysis of  high  hazard samples,  field investigation,  technical
assistance  in the  negotiations of  consent  decrees,  and  evidence audits  to
assure the accuracy of records and analyses.

Research and Development to Support Response Actions

     The Research and  Development  program will provide support  to the Agency,
states,  and  industry  in  resolving  technical  problems  which  inhibit  the
effective  implementation  of removal  and  remedial actions  at  Superfund sites.
Support  focuses  on adapting  existing technologies  and scientific information
for application to uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.

     In  addition to  providing expanded  technical  support,  the  program  will
emphasize  the    commercialization  of  alternative  and  innovative  treatment
technologies  for  use  in  remedial  and removal  actions  by  developing  reliable
performance and  cost  information  through full scale demonstrations under the
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program.

     Additional resources will  be  devoted to evaluating naturally occurring or
improved microorganisms  (biosystems) for their  ability  to degrade  hazardous
substances.   Increased resources  will also be  provided to  develop  advanced
field  monitoring  techniques  for  the  measurement  of  hazardous  substances
commonly found at  Superfund sites.  Technologies which are now primarily used
in  the  laboratory  will be adapted  and  further  developed for field  use  to
provide  techniques   and   methods   that  provide   more   cost-effective  field
monitoring at Superfund sites.

EPA  Will Continue  to Relv Upon  the  Specialized  Expertise  of  Other Federal
Agencies

     As  part  of the  requirement  for close  cooperation   among  various Federal
agencies,  the  Agency integrates the  efforts of the Departments of Health and
Human  Services,  Justice,  Transportation,  Commerce, Interior,  Labor,   and the
Federal  Emergency  Management Agency  (FEMA)  and manages  an interagency budget
process under Executive Order  12580,  signed by the President in January, 1987.
The activities of other Federal agencies are divided into two basic categories.
The first  category  includes those activities which  are episodic in nature and
taken in direct support of specific site or spill response actions.  The second
category   of   other  Federal  agency  involvement   is  support  for  on-going
activities which are generally not incident-specific.  These activities include
developing program  policies and guidance,  conducting health research,  training
response  personnel,   litigating   civil   and  criminal   cases,  and  providing
scientific and technical advice to EPA on-scene coordinators.

     The  Department   of  Health   and Human  Services  provides  the   largest
supporting element  to  Superfund activities through  the work of the Agency for
Toxic  Substances  and Disease Registry  (ATSDR)  and  the National Institute for
Environmental  Health  Sciences  (NIEHS).     ATSDR will:    1)  provide  health
assessments at NPL  and non-NPL sites; 2) enhance  and maintain toxicology data
bases  for  chemicals  found  at  Hazardous Waste  sites;  and 3)  provide  health
consultations for emergency  responses.  NIEHS  will  continue its basic  research
grant  program of conducting biomedical  studies  investigating new  and unique
methodologies to measure  levels of exposure and  its effects on humans.   Other
Federal  agencies  will  provide additional  support  for  EPA.     Department  of
Justice will conduct litigation and provide legal advice  to achieve PRP actions
or  cost recovery   at  abandoned  hazardous  waste  sites.     FEMA will  support
permanent  and temporary  relocation  operations.    The  U.S.  Coast Guard  will

                               14-4

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respond to spills of hazardous substances in coastal and Great Lakes waters and
maintain the National Response Center.   The  other agencies provide specialized
expertise to the  Superfund program and support  the  activities of the National
Response and Regional Response  Teams (NRT/RRT).   The  agencies together enable
EPA to  respond more effectively  and efficiently to emergencies  and long-term^
response actions, and to carry out a vigorous enforcement effort.

Management  and  Support  Will  Continue   to  Provide   Effective  and  Efficient
Services and Ensure a High Level of Trust Fund Integrity

     The Agency will continue to decentralize the Superfund Contracting program
by placing  the balance  of Regional contracting  officers, in  the  field.   This
will  provide  greater  assurances  that   site-specific contracting  needs  are
effectively  addressed.     Likewise,  the  Agency  will  place  Superfund  Grants
management  personnel   in  the   Regions   to  manage   and  oversee   Superfund
Cooperative and Interagency Agreements, and Technical Assistance Grants.

     In addition, the  Health and Safety program, both in Headquarters and the
Regions, will  be  improved significantly  to provide  the  training  and health
monitoring needed  to  ensure that the health of  our  workers is safeguarded and
that the Agency is in compliance with health and safety regulations.   Financial
management services will  continue to assure data integrity and provide timely
and accurate  reports to  Regional and Headquarters  managers.    Other adminis-
trative  services  will  be  enhanced  in  areas  such  as  Superfund  property
management and program systems development.

     The  Office   of  Policy  and  Planning   Evaluation  will   undertake  a
comprehensive  review of   the  Superfund  program in  order  to assess  program
planning and implementation.

Consulting Services

     The  response  program  uses  consulting  services to provide  additional
technical expertise.    Specifically, consultants  are  called  upon  to  develop
designs  for   cost  analysis  research,   models  for   remedial  project  cost
estimation,   and  project  management  training  courses for   Remedial  Project
Managers and On-Scene Coordinators.

     As  in   the response  program,  the  enforcement  program  uses  consulting
services to  provide  additional  technical expertise.   Consultants  are called
upon to  develop designs  for  cost  analysis  research,  models  for  project cost
estimation,  and project management training courses for  enforcement project managers.
                               14-5

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Research and
Development

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990  Budget  Estimate

                              Table of Contents
SUPERFUND                 .                                             14-1

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT             .
   Hazardous Substance Research	14-8
      Scientific Assessment	  . 14-16
      Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance ... 	 14-17
      Health Effects	14-19
      Environmental Engineering and Technology ....  	 14-20
      Environmental Processes and Effects	 14-22
     ' Exploratory Research	 14-23'
      Technical Information and Liaison. 	 .  	 14-24

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                                                   SUPERFUND
                                         Hazardous Substances Research

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment-
Super fund
 Hazardous Substance
 Superfund
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Superfund
 Hazardous Substance
 Superfund
Health Effects
 Hazardous Substance
 Superfund
                       TOTAL
 $4,166.7

 $4,166.7
                       TOTAL
                       TOTAL
$12,728.3

$12,728.3


 $3,696.7

 $3,696.7
 $4,445.2   $4,376.3   $4,226.3

 $4,445.2   $4,376.3   $4,226.3




$13,031.4  $12,933.2  $13,322.5

$13,031.4  $12,933.2  $13,322.5


 $3,745.0   $3,745.0   $3,825.3

 $3,745.0   $3,745.0   $3,825.3
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology  - Superfund
 Hazardous Substance
 Superfund
                       TOTAL
Environmental Processes
& Effects -• Superfund
 Hazardous Substance
 Superfund
                       TOTAL
$26,427.7

$26,427.7



 $3,142.1

 $3,142.1
$32.403.7  $32,403.7  $32,201.6

$32,403.7  $32,403.7  $32,201.6


                             6

 $4,698.7   $4,865.8   $5,218.3

 $4,698.7   $4,865.8   $5,218.3
-$150.0

•$150.0
 $389.3

 $389.3


  $80.3

  $80.3
-$202.1

•$202.1



 $352.5

 $352.5
                                      14-8

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                                                   SUPERFUND
                                         Hazardous Substances Research

ACTUAL
1988
ENACTED
1989
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
REQUEST
1990
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Exploratory Research
Hazardous Substance
Super fund
TOTAL
Technical Information
And Liaison
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
TOTAL
$3,128.5
$3,128.5
$582.2
$582.2
$9,050.0
$9,050.0
$693.3
$693.3
$14,050.0
$14,050.0
$693.3
$693.3
$8,600.0
$8,600.0
$693.3
$693.3
-$5,450.0
-$5,450.0

TOTAL:
 Hazardous Substance
 Superfund        1-
$53,872.2  $68,067.3  $73,067.3  $68,087.3   -$4,980.0
Hazardous Substances   TOTAL  $53,.872.2  $68,067.3  $73,067.3  $68,087.3   -$4,980.0
Research
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment-
Superfund

Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Superfund

Health Effects

Environmental
Engineering &
Technology  - Superfund

Environmental Processes
& Effects -  Superfund
     11.8
     25.9
      7.0
14.1
25.3
 9.5
14.1
25.3
 9.5
14.1
26.3
      3.0 •       3.0        3.0        3.0

     41.5     .47.9       47.9       48.9
11.5
1.0
                                   1.0
2.0
                                      14-9

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                                                   SUPERFUND
                                         Hazardous Substances Research

ACTUAL ENACTED
1988 1989
CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Exploratory Research
Technical Information
And Liaison
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment-
Super fund
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Superfund
Health Effects
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Superfund
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Superfund
Exploratory Research
Technical Information
1.0
.5 2.0

89.7 102.8
12.6 14.1

26.6 25.3
3.0 3.0
44.3 47.9

7.0 9.5

1.0
.5 2.0
1.0 1.0
2.0 2.0

102.8 106.8 4.0
14 . 1 14 . 1

25.3 26.3 1.0
3.0 3.0
47.9 48.9 l.-O

9.5 11.5 2.0

1.0 1.0
2.0 2.0
And Liaison
TOTAL WORKYEARS
94.0
102.8
102.8
106.8
4.0
                                      14-10

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                                   SUPERFUND
                         Hazardous  Substance Research
                         Principle Outputs by Oblective
Objective  1:  Provide  Techniques  and   Procedures   for   Site  and  Situation
Assessment

1990:  o     Health and Environmental Effects Documents (Sci.  Assessment)
       o     Report  on  Evaluation and   Improvement  of  Protective  Clothing,
             Equipment  and   Procedures   for   Hazardous   Substance   Response
             Operations (Engineering)

1989:  o     Health and Environmental Effects Documents (Sci.  Assessment)
       o     Technical  Guidance  Document   on   Emerging   Technology  for  the
             Treatment of Metal-Bearing Wastes (Engineering)

1988:  o     Prototype   Cost  Engineering   Models   for  Remedial   Response
             Technologies (Engineering)
Objective 2: Develop Technologies to Manage Uncontrolled Waste Sites

1990:  o     Handbook  of   In-Situ .Treatment-  of   Hazardous  Waste   (Sci.
             Assessment)
       o     Technical  Report  on Field  Testing of  White Rot  Fungus for  the
             Destruction of Hazardous Waste (Engineering)

             Status Report  on  Best  Demonstrated Available Technologies  (BOAT)
             for Superfund Wastes (Engineering)

             Assessment Report for Stabilization/Fixation Methods for Soils
L989:
1988:  o
Objective 3: Provide  Information on  Personal  Health.  Protective  Equipment,  and
Procedures

1990:  o     Report  on  the  Development  of  Methodology  for  Determining  the
             Reliability of Flexible Membrane Liners (Engineering)

1989:  o     Interim  Report  on  Improvement  of  Worker Safety  via  Robotics,
             Automation, and Task Modification (Engineering)

1988:  o     Technical  Report  on the  Evaluation  of Personal Hazard  Detectors
             for Highly Toxic Chemicals (Engineering)
                              14-11

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Objective 4: Support Reportable Quantities Regulatory Efforts

1990:  o

1989:  o
Reportable Quantity Chapters  for Health and Environmental Effects
Documents (Sci. Assessment)
Reportable Quantity Chapters  for Health and Environmental Effects
Documents (Sci. Assessment)
1988:  o     Reportable  Quantities   Documentation  for   Carcinogenicity  and
             Chronic Health Effects (Sci. Assessment)
Objective  5:  Provide Technical  Support  to Enforcement. Program,  and Regional
Offices
1990:  o
L989:
L988:
Report  on  Development and  Application of Toxicity  Bioassays for
Field Use at Superfund Sites (Envir. Processes)

Evaluation  of  Bioremediation  as   a   Remedial  Action  Technology
(Envir. Processes)
Aerial   Remote   Sensing   Program   for   Hazardous  Waste   Sites
(Monitoring)

Engineering Research Symposia for Selected Regions (Engineering)
Objective   6:   Provide  Quality   Assurance   Support   for   Superfund  Program
Requirements

1990:  o     Annual  Report  on  Quality  Assurance  Support  to  the  Contract
             Laboratory Program (Monitoring)

1989:  o     Annual  Report  on  Quality  Assurance  Support  to  the  Contract
             Laboratory Program (Monitoring)

1988:  o     Annual  Report  on  Quality  Assurance  Support  to  the  Contract
             Laboratory Program (Monitoring)


Objective 7: Provide Technology Transfer

1990:  o     Annual Report on Technology Transfer Activities (Tech. Info.)

1989:  o     Annual Report on Technology Transfer Activities (Tech. Info.)

1988:  o     Annual Report on Technology Transfer Activities (Tech. Info.)
Objective  8:  Conduct Alternative/Innovative  Technology Research.  Development
and Demonstration
L990:
Reports  on  Evaluations  Conducted  Under  the  SITE Program  with
Applications Analyses (Envir. Engineering)
SITE Annual Report to Congress (Envir. Engineering)
                               14-12

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  1989:   o      Report   on  Ten  SITE  Program  Demonstrations  and  Applications
               Analyses (Envir.  Engineering)
         o      SITE Annual  Report  to Congress  (Envir.  Engineering)
         o      Annual   Report  on  Development  and  Demonstration  of  Immunoassay
               Detection  System   for  Rapid   Screening  at   Superfund   Sites
               (Monitoring)

  1988:   o      SITE Annual  Report  to Congress  (Envir.  Engineering)


  Objective  9: Conduct Hazardous  Substances Health  Effects/Risk Assessment  and
  Detection  Research

  1990:   o      Annual  Report on  Superfund Health Risk  Research  (Sci. Assessment)
         o      Report   on  Portable X-Ray  Fluorescence  for  Characterizations  of
               Hazardous Waste Sites (Monitoring)

,  1989:   o      Annual  Report on  Superfund Health Risk  Research  (Sci. Assessment)

  1988:   o      Report   on  the  Genetic Activity Profiles of  Superfund  Priority
               Group 2 Chemicals (Health)


  Objective  10: Manage University  Hazardous Substance  Research  Centers

  1990:   o      Annual  Report on  the Hazardous Substances  Research Centers

  1989:   o      Annual  Report on  the- Hazardous Substance Research Centers

  1988:   o      Annual  Report on  the Hazardous Substance Research Centers
                                14-13

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                                   SUPERFUND
                          Hazardous  Substance Research
Budget Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $68,087,300  supported  by 106.8  total
workyears  for 1990,  a decrease  of  $4,980,000  and  an  increase  of  4.0  total
workyears  over  the 1989 level.   All of the request will be  for  the Hazardous
Substance  Superfund appropriation.   The decrease in  funding results  because of
the inclusion of $5,000,000 in 1988 carryover funds in the current 1989 budget.
These  funds  were  appropriated  in 1988 for  establishment of  five  university-
based Research Centers.  However, because of the lengthy selection process, the
Agency was unable  to obligate the funds in 1988.

Program Objectives

     The   Superfund  research  and  development  program  provides  a  core  of
scientific  and   technical  information  to  support   implementation  of  the
Comprehensive Environmental  Response,  Compensation and  Liability Act (CERCLA)
as amended by the  Superfund  Amendments  and  Reauthorization  Act of 1986 (SARA).
The  research  program  concentrates  on  assessing the health  and  environmental
risks posed by  Superfund sites and  on  evaluating  equipment and techniques for
discovering,  assessing,  preventing,  removing,  and  disposing  of  hazardous
substances released into the environment.

     Objective  1;   Provide  Techniques  and Procedures  for  Site  and Situation
Assessment.   This  research  provides techniques and procedures  to  allow on-
site coordinators  . and  remedial project managers  to quickly  and  effectively
assess the degree  of hazard posed at specific uncontrolled waste sites.

     Objective  2:   Develop  Technologies to  Manage  Uncontrolled Waste  Sites.
This research program develops  and  evaluates  technologies  which are not yet
ready  for field  application and  require  additional lab  development.   These
technologies  are  being developed by the Agency  as tools for cleanup under the
Superfund program.  This development activity must be carried out by the Agency
because of the  low commercial  interest,  low potential  for  profit,  or because
of the high economic risks associated with the development of the technology.

     Objective  3:	Provide   Information   on   Personnel  Health.   Protective
Equipment, and Procedures.  This research provides evaluation and assessment of
the  technologies   applicable  to  ensuring  personnel health  and  safety  during
removal and remedial response operations.

     Objective  4:    Support Reportable Quantities Regulatory  Efforts.    This
research   supports  Superfund  regulatory  efforts  by  ranking  and  assigning
reportable  quantities  to  chemicals  based  upon  either  carcinogenicity  or
chronic health  effects  information.   This  information is  then used by the
program office to  adjust reportable quantities for these chemicals.
                               14-14

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     Objective  5:    Provide  Technical  Support  to  Enforcement.  Program  and
Regional Offices.  This  research  provides  review of remedial action design and
implementation  plans  and review  of new data  submitted by  liable  parties  for
specific site  problems.    Review  and  technical  expertise is also  provided to
the Enforcement program and the Regional offices.

     Objective  6:   Provide Quality  Assurance  Support  for  Superfund Program
Requirements.    This  program  provides  extensive  support  to  the  National
Contract Laboratory  Program.   Activities  include  development and promulgation
of analytical methods to measure and characterize samples from Superfund sites,
and review and evaluation of quality assurance and quality control plans.

     Objective  7:   Provide Technology  Transfer.   This program  disseminates
information  to  the Program  office,  Regions,  states  and local  authorities to
assist them in Superfund site cleanups.

     Objective   8:	Conduct   Alternative/Innovative   Technology   Research.
Development   and  Demonstration.      This  program   fulfills   the   Agency's
responsibility under  SARA  Section 311(b)  to carry  out a comprehensive program
of research,  development and  demonstration for  the  purpose of promoting  the
commercialization  of  innovative  and  alternative  treatment  and  monitoring
technologies.

     Objective  9:    Conduct  Health  Effects/Risk  Assessment  and  Detection
Research.    This  program  fulfills   the   Agency's  responsibility  under  SARA
Section 311(c) to carry out a comprehensive program of research and development
to enhance the Agency's scientific capabilities to detect, assess,  and evaluate
effects on, and risks to, human health from hazardous substances.

     Objective  10:    Manage  University Hazardous  Substance  Research  Centers.
This  program funds  research and training  related to  the  manufacture,  use,'
transportation,  disposal,  and  management  of  hazardous  substances through  a
university based centers program as authorized under SARA Section 311(d).

     Objective 11:   Alternative/Innovative Treatment  Technology Test Facility.
This program will provide  the funds  to fully establish the  Test and Evaluation
facility at Edison, NJ, by providing required monitoring, emissions control and
other equipment for the facility.

     Objective  13:	Conduct   Research  at the  Gulf  Coast  Hazardous  Waste
Research  Center.    The   Gulf   Coast   Hazardous  Waste  Research  Center  is  a
university-based  research center  comprised of  eight  institutions of  higher
education  and  located  at  Laraar  University.    Under  joint  Agency and  state
funding, it will  conduct hazardous waste  research  on  issues indigenous to  the
Gulf Coast area.
                             o

     Objective  14:	Superfund  Scientific  Instrumentation.    This  program
provides support  for  ORD  research for scientific instrumentation and equipment
with cost under $50,000.                                .
                                 14-15

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SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $4,226,300  supported  by  14.1  total
workyears  for  this program, all  of which will be for  the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.  This represents a decrease of $150,000 in funding and
no change  in total workyears.   The reduction reflects a  reallocation of some
non-personnel related resources to areas of higher priority research.

     Provide  Techniques  and  Procedures  for  Site  and Situation  Assessment.
Site-,  chemical-,   and  situation-specific  exposure  assessment   and  risks
assessments  will  be prepared  to assist  the  program office,  Enforcement,  and
the  Regions  in  evaluating the  degree  of hazard  at uncontrolled  waste sites
during  the  remedial  investigation  and feasibility   study  (RI/FS)  process.
Specific activities will  include  the preparation of  health effects assessments
and participation  in  the  development,  review,  and implementation of toxicology
profiles.

     Support  Reportable  Quantities  Regulatory  Efforts.     Chemical-specific
health  effects  documentation  (cancer  and other  chronic  effects)  will  be
provided to  the Office  of Emergency and Remedial Response (OERR)  for  use in
adjusting  the  Reportable  Quantity  amounts for  various hazardous  substances.
These two  risk  categories are  among those which  are considered by the program
office  in  adjusting Reportable Quantity amounts of  given  hazardous substances
to  reflect  the  potential  hazard   associated  with their  release  into  the
environment.

     Provide Technical  Support to  Enforcement.  Program and  Regional  Offices.
Site- and  chemical-specific health  assessments will be prepared  to assess the
relative health risk associated with remedial  activities at Superfund sites at
which  Enforcement  has  the  lead for   implementing  remedial  responses.    The
Regional Risk Assessment  Review Group will  conduct reviews of risk assessments
submitted by EPA Regional offices.

     Conduct Hazardous  Substances Health Effects/Risk Assessment and Detection
Research.  Scientific assessment research will develop toxicity assessments and
risk characterization and exposure assessments.  Screening techniques for early
detection  and  for  adverse  health effects and improved measurement techniques
for non-cancer  health end-points will  be  developed.   An  extensive program of
pharmacokinetics  modeling and exposure assessment  methodology  development is
planned.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the  Agency  is allocating  a total of $4,376.300 supported by 14.1
total workyears for this  program, all  of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.  Site-,  chemical-,  and situation-specific exposure and
risk  assessments   are   being  prepared   to   assist  Superfund   operations,
Enforcement,   and  the  Regional  offices  in  evaluating  alternative  cleanup
decisions  at uncontrolled Superfund sites.   Activities include development of
toxicological profiles,  and provision  of  rapid  response  health  assessments.
Chemical-specific  data  are  being provided on  carcinogenicity and  on chronic
.effects to support the Superfund activities  necessary to adjust  or establish
                                14-16

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the  Reportable  Quantities  (RQ)  for hazardous substances.   The  Regional  Risk
Assessment Review Group was established.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency obligated a  total of  $4,166,700 supported by  12.6'
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund  appropriation.    The  program produced 43  health and  environmental
effects  documents  and rapid response health assessments,  and  carcinogenic and
chronic  health effects  documents  for  many  hazardous  substances  to  support
reportable  quantity adjustment.   The  program  assisted with  health and  risk
assessment  of  sites  for  the  Enforcement  office.    Thirteen  toxicological
profiles were completed in 1988.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $13,322,500  supported  by  26.3  total
workyears for  this program,  all  of  which will be  for  the  Hazardous  Substance
Superfund  appropriation.    This  represents  an  increase  of  $389,300 and  1.0
total workyear.   The increase  reflects  increased personnel and  support costs
and additional support for research in advanced field monitoring techniques.

     Provide  Techniques and  Procedures  for  Site  and Situation  Assessment.
Monitoring  procedures   for   all  media  will  be   evaluated,   validated  and
standardized.     Analytical   protocols,   sampling   techniques    and  data
interpretation  approaches  will  be prepared.   Techniques  to be  investigated
include  air .monitoring  techniques  for  ambient  and  source  sampling,  sample
preparation methods,  automated  data transfer techniques,  geophysical methods,
and remote sensing techniques.

     Provide Technical  Support  to  Enforcement.  Program and  Regional Offices.
Site-specific technical assistance, and monitoring and characterization support
will continue to be provided to the Program and Regional offices in response to
their needs  for accurate  and precise site-specific  data.   This will  include
providing aerial  imagery,  photographic  interpretation,  and maps for pre-  and
post remedial  site assessment.   Oversight reviews  for  the  monitoring portions
of  settlement   agreements  will  be provided.    In addition,   support will  be
provided  in  the  areas  of  ground  water  sampling,  network  design,  use  of
geophysical techniques,  and analytical methods.

     Conduct Hazardous Substances  Health  Effects/Risk Assessment and  Detection
Research.   The program  to develop  advanced field monitoring  techniques  for
measurement of hazardous substances will  continue.   Technologies  which  are  now
primarily used in the  laboratory will  be adapted and further  developed  for
field use to provide  techniques and methods  that  allow more focused,  complete,
expedient, and  cost-effective field monitoring  for common  hazardous substances
at  Superfund   sites.    The  application  of   these  in-the-field  monitoring
techniques  and  methods   will  accelerate   site   cleanup   and  reduce   costs.
Activities will  focus on  the  development,  evaluation,  and standardization of
field analytical  and sampling methods; development of  cost effective sampling
designs  and  approaches;  and  development  of  techniques  for  managing  and
                               14-17

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interpreting field data.  Immunoassay systems for screening single compounds or
classes of  compounds  and field portable systems such  as  fiber optics chemical
sensors  and x-ray  fluorescence will  be  developed.    Since volatile  organic
compounds  are  the  most common  contaminants  at   Superfund sites,    initial
analytical  and  sampling efforts will focus on  these compounds.   New screening
methods for exposure assessment (exposure biomarkers) will be developed.

     Provide  Quality Assurance Support  for  Superfund Program  Requirements.
Quality assurance support will be  provided to  the  Contract  Laboratory Program
(CLP)  to  ensure  that data  of known  and  documented  quality  are used  in the
Superfund  program.    A  quality  assurance  program  provides  the  basis  for
determining the  accuracy of data used to make  operational  decisions.   Quality
assurance reference materials, such as calibration standards,  quality control
samples and performance  evaluation samples will  be prepared  and distributed
according  to  uniform  and   consistent protocols,  for  analysis  by  contract
laboratories.  The analytical data generated by the laboratories are audited in
order   to   assess  intra-   and   inter-laboratory   performance   and   methods
performance.    These  data  are  maintained  in  the Quality  Assurance/Quality
Control  Data Base.    Pre-award and post  award  on-site  contract  laboratory
inspections are performed to complement the performance evaluations.

     Conduct  Alternative/Innovative  Technology  Research.  Development  and
Demonstration.   Resources  in  1990  will  be used  to demonstrate  and  evaluate
innovative  monitoring technologies.   This will be a  cooperative  program with
the  private sector  to  determine technology applicability   to Superfund site
assessment  and  pollutant  characterization.    Monitoring  techniques  lacking
private sector support,  which are not yet ready for demonstration, also will be
evaluated and further developed for validation and demonstration.   Technologies
to be  investigated will  be  selected from candidates currently being researched
and/or developed in the private sector.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $12,933,200 supported by 25.3
total workyears  for this program,  all  of which is  from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.    Innovative  technologies and  approaches  that  offer
potentially significant  cost and time  savings  to Superfund site investigations
are  being  given  priority  for   investigation.   In  the  area  of advanced  field
monitoring methods,  a range  of technologies meeting the above criteria will be
studied, including field portable  x-ray technology  for metals detection,  fiber
optic  technology  for  in situ ground water monitoring,  immunoassay methods for
organics detection,  field  portable  gas chromatography  for volatile  organics
monitoring,  and canister-based air samplers for detection of volatile organics.
Field  sampling  quality  assurance research has  been introduced in 1989.   This
effort  will  focus  on   developing  standardized sampling guidance and  audit
procedures.    Site  and  situation   assessment  procedures,  such as  analytical
protocols,   sample preparation  procedures,  and data interpretation procedures
are  being  developed,   evaluated,  or  demonstrated.   Site-specific  technical
assistance  will  continue to be provided in  numerous  areas,  including remote
sensing,  geophysical  support,  sampling  and  monitoring,   and CIS.    Quality
assurance support also  will be  provided  in 1989.   Pre- and post-award onsite
contract  laboratory  inspections   are  being  performed  to   complement  the
performance evaluation studies.
                               14-18

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1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency  obligated a  total  of $12,728,300 supported  by 26.6
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance,
Superfund   appropriation.     During   1988,   a   geostatistical  environmental!
assessment  software   package  that ,constructs  contour   maps  of  pollutant
concentrations was completed.  The  package provides  procedures that assist the
site and situation assessments ongoing  in  the EPA Regions.   Much site-specific
technical  assistance  was  provided  by   the program  during  1988.   At  least 30
topographic maps  and  400 aerial  images (photographs) were  analyzed as part, of
the program's  remote  sensing support.    Support to  enhance user competency of
Geographic   Information   Systems   (CIS)   continued.      During   1988,   CIS
demonstrations were provided to  four EPA  Regions.   The program also provided
quality   assurance   support,   including   reference  materials,   performance
evaluation samples, and laboratory audits to six EPA Regions.


HEALTH EFFECTS

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of $3,825,300 supported by 3.0 total workyears
for this program, all of  which  will  be for  the  Hazardous  Substance Superfund
appropriation.    This  represents  an  increase  of $80,300  in  funding and no
change  in  total  workyears.   This  increase  reflects  increased  personnel  and
support costs.

     Conduct Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk  Assessment and Detection
Research.   This  program  provides  improved  evaluation  measures  and  data to,
detect,  assess,  and evaluate human health risk  from  hazardous  substances at'
Superfund sites.   This work includes  providing methods  to  evaluate the hazard
potential  of  waste  mixtures,   screening  techniques  for   early detection of
adverse  health effects,  and  identification  and  improvement  of measures of
health  endpoints,  particularly   non-cancer  endpoints  such  as  reproductive
effects and neurotoxicity.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the Agency is allocating a total of $3,745,000  supported by 3.0
total workyears for this program, all of which  is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund  appropriation.    In 1989,  the health  effects  research  program is
working to  provide methods to detect,   assess, and evaluate the risks to human
health  from  hazardous  substances  associated  with Superfund  sites.    Test
methods  are  being developed  for the  evaluation  of  hazard potential  of waste
mixtures, as  are  predictive  techniques that  can  reduce uncertainties  in risk
assessment caused by  data  limitations.   This research is  focused on improving
the  EPA  Superfund  risk  assessment   process  and  is  coordinated  with  the
scientific assessment program and activities  of the  Program office,  as well as
with the research activities of both  the  National  Institute  of Environmental
Health  Sciences  (NIEHS)   and the  Agency   for  Toxic  Substances  and  Disease
Registry (ATSDR).
                               14-19

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1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $3,696,700 supported by 3.0 total
workyears  for this  program,  all  of which  was  from  the Hazardous  Substance
Superfund  appropriation.    Research  on rapid  response toxicity  testing,  dose
measurement  techniques  and development  of methods  for predicting  neurotoxic
effects from complex mixtures occurred.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests a  total  of  $32,201,600  supported by  48.9  total
workyears for  this program,  all  of  which will be  for  the  Hazardous Substance
Superfund  appropriation.    This  represents  a  decrease of   $202,100  and  an
increase of 1.0 total workyears.  The  workyear increase reflects  staff support
for the development of an expert system to aid decision-makers in such areas as
construction  design,   screening,  and  selection  of  remedial  alternatives  at
Superfund sites.  The decrease reflects the combined effects of a disinvestment
in equipment resources for the Test  and  Evaluation facility at Edison,  NJ,  the
addition of resources  for the Gulf Coast Research  Center,  and the enhancement
of support for the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program.

     Provide  Techniques   and  Procedures  for  Site  and Situation  Assessment.
Engineering expertise  and  assessment  procedures  will  be  provided  to  assist:
the  Superfund  program   in  RI/FS  studies   at   specified  Superfund   sites.
Information will  be provided  on the cost and  effectiveness of remedial action
technologies  for   specific  sites  based   on  data  collected  from surveys  and
technology evaluations.  Emphasis will  continue to be placed on the development
of support tools to assist with RI/FS activities.  Information will be provided
on  the  biochemistry and  genetics of  PCB degradation  by bacteria and  on  the
evaluation of solidification techniques for hazardous waste  treatment.

     Evaluate Technologies  to Manage  Uncontrolled  Waste  Sites.    Evaluations
will be  conducted on technologies which  are being  developed  as  cleanup tools
for Superfund sites but  which are not yet at  the  stage of  being  available  for
field  application.    Activities  will   continue   to  focus   on ' technologies
involving extraction,  degradation and/or  detoxification, immobilization studies
for  solidification and/or  stabilization of contaminated  material  combustion
research  biosystems  and/or  stabilization  biosystems  technology,   in  situ
techniques  for  large  municipal  waste   NPL  sites,  cross-media  impacts   of
technologies,  and BDAT development  of Superfund  wastes.   Increased emphasis
will be  placed on biosystems  research due  to its  potential  to  significantly
reduce  the  cost  of  site cleanups  and because  the  private  sector  has  shown
limited interest because of the high economic risks.

     Provide  Information  on   Personnel  Health.   Protective   Equipment  and
Procedures.   Personnel protective clothing,  equipment,  and  procedures suitable
for  use   at   Superfund  sites   will   be   evaluated.      This   will  include
identification and evaluation of  promising new protective materials,  garments,
respirators, personal hazard detectors,  and  equipment.   Evaluation  of  the  use
of robotics at Superfund sites has been completed.
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     Provide  Technical  Support to  Enforcement.  Program and  Regional Offices.
Technical support will be provided to Agency and state personnel on engineering
issues that arise during emergency and remedial response at Superfund sites for
case support.   Information  from Superfund  research will be provided to  ensure
that the latest available procedures and technologies are employed.

     Conduct   Alternative/Innovative   Technology  Research.   Development  and
Demonstration.  The  innovate  treatment technology demonstration program (SITE)•
will   continue   to   be   focused  on   separation,   chemical  stabilization,
detoxification  and   destruction   technologies  that   provide  potential  for
improvement  in cleanup  at  Superfund  sites.    SITE  is  composed  of a  field
demonstration  and evaluation  component, an emerging  technology component that
cost shares development of promising technological ideas from the concept stage
to  pilot  scale  demonstration,  and   a technology  transfer  component  which
consists  of project  evaluation  reporting  and  the  SITE  clearinghouse.    Ten
additional  field  demonstrations  will  be  conducted  and  eight new  emerging
technologies projects will be added.

     Provide  Research in  Prevention  of Accidental  and  Chronic Releases  of
Hazardous Substances.  Research will be initiated on the engineering aspects of
pollution plume modeling and  process measurement  and monitoring techniques to
assist State  and  local governments and private  organizations  in  planning for
and responding to risks posed by hazardous substance releases.

     Conduct  Research at the  Gulf  Coast Hazardous Substance  Research Center.
This Center is jointly funded  by  the  Agency  and  the State of Texas to research
hazardous waste technological  issues  indigenous  to the  Gulf Coast area.   It is
a consortium  of eight institutions  of higher  education, with Lamar University
serving as grantor.  The Center is operated through a cooperative agreement and
will  initially   conduct  research  in   the   areas  of  pollution  prevention,(
treatment technologies and technology transfer.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $32,403,700 supported by 47.9
total workyears for this program, all  of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.   In 1989,  the  engineering research program is working
to provide improved and innovative technologies for cleaning up Superfund sites
more economically.    There  is  an expansion  of  the research  into the use  of
biological  degradation  (biosystems) for such cleanups.  The  SITE information
clearinghouse  is  being  expanded  by  the addition of  a  computer system  that
integrates  all  components  of  the  clearinghouse.   Ten additional SITE  field
demonstration projects are  planned  and eight  new  emerging  technology projects
will be  selected  for evaluation.    the  1990  solicitation will be  made in 1989
and  call for  projects  that   deal  with treatment of  contaminated soils  and
sludge.   Equipment for the Test and Evaluation Facility will be procured.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency obligated a  total  of  $26,427,700 supported by  44.3
total workyears for this  program,  all  of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund  appropriation.    During  1988,   the  program  provided  engineering
technical support to review site assessment and feasibility plans and advise on
remedial action were  demonstrated.  Work continued on  the  demonstration of in-
                                14-21

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situ  control  technologies  with  focus  on  activities  in  the  most  promising
combined  systems  at  field-scale  application.    Work  continued  in the  SITE
program to demonstrate  on-site  control technologies  that can extract, degrade,
detoxify, or  immobilize  contaminants.   Six  field demonstrations were completed
in   the   area   of  thermal  extraction  technologies   (2),   solidification/
stabilization  (2),  in  situ  vacuum extraction (1), and  solvent  extraction (1).
Eight emerging technologies projects were initiated.


ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a total  of $5,218,300  supported  by  11.5  total
workyears for  this program, all  of  which  will be for  the  Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.    This  represents  an  increase of  $352,500 and  2.0
total  workyears.    The  increase  reflects  additional  resources  for  technical
support  for  substance  modeling  for  the Superfund  research program and  for
increased personnel and support costs

     Develop  Technologies  to Manage Uncontrolled Waste  Sites.   Environmental
processes  work  will  be   expanded  on the  cleanup   potential  of  in  situ
biodegradation  techniques  (biosysterns)  related  to  contaminated  soils  and
ground  water.    The  expanded  activity  in  this  area  is  integrated  with
biosystems research in  the  engineering program and  is  an integral part  of the
efforts needed to bring  these  new,  less  costly, cleanup  technologies  to  the
field for use in achieving permanent site remediation as required by SARA.  New
activity will  include  characterizing  the subsurface biological,  chemical,  and
physical  processes  that  promote  in  situ  bio-remediation;  environmentally
enhancing  the  metabolic  capabilities   of  indigenous   microorganisms  for
biodegradation; and genetically manipulating microorganisms to design microbial
strains with  novel and enhanced  biodegradation  characteristics.  Research will
also  focus   on the  ecological  effects that might  be  associated with  these
biodegradation  technologies.    Potential   environmental  and  health  effects
associated with genetically engineered organisms will be evaluated.

     Provide  Technical  Support  to Enforcement.  Program  and  Regional Offices.
Technical support will be provided to  Agency  and state  personnel on the  use of
subsurface   models,   sampling   and    analytical   techniques,   assessment   of
contaminated  marine coastal  areas,   development  of exposure/risk  assessment
methodologies,  and   on  the   application   of   bioassessment   protocols  for
determining  the   toxicity  of contaminated  sites  and  samples.    Work  on  the
bioassessment  protocol  will be  expanded with applications  at actual Superfund
sites for validation of the technique under rigorous, complex waste situations.
These activities are needed to  support program  office  activities to prioritize
sites on the basis of their risk.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the  Agency is allocating a total  of $4,865,800 supported  by  9.5
total workyears for this program, all  of which  is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.  Research is  being  initiated on the  cleanup potential
of in  situ biodegradation techniques related to  contaminated soils  and  ground
water.  This  research  is closely coordinated with the  engineering evaluations
                               14-22

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of  techniques to  prevent the  migration of hazardous  substances  into  ground
water, and  will be instrumental in  determining  whether biodegradation methods
are  potentially cost-effective alternatives to  soil excavation  or withdrawal
and  treatment  of  contaminated ground  water.    Technical  support  is  being
provided to Agency and state staffs for site-and case-specific issues.

 1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency obligated a  total  of  $3,142,100  supported by 7.0
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund  appropriation.   During   1988,  technical  support was provided  in
response  to specific  requests from  EPA Regions,  Enforcement,  and  states  on
ground  water  sampling,  analyses,   data   interpretation  and  site-specific
modeling.     Plume  movement   and   biological   stabilization   of  subsurface
contaminants were evaluated and uptake of contaminants by fish was studied.


EXPLORATORY RESEARCH

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a total of  $8,600,000 and 1.0  total workyear for this
program,  all  of  which will be   for   the  Hazardous  Substances  Superfund
appropriation.    This  decrease of   $5,450,000   is  primarily  caused  by  the
availability  of $5,000,000 in carryover for the  Hazardous  Substance Research
Centers.  In  addition,  resources for the Gulf  Coast Research Center which will
be established  in  1989  will be transferred  to  the Engineering program in 1990.
There is no change in total workyears.

     Conduct  Hazardous  Substances Health Effects/Risk Assessment and Detectio^
Research.  Targeted grants in  the area of in-situ treatment of hazardous waste
and  monitoring  for Superfund  site assessments will be  awarded.   In addition,
targeted grants in  two  new areas of  research relevant to the Superfund program
will be initiated.  Approximately ten new grants  will be awarded in 1990.

     Manage University Hazardous Substances Research Centers.  Five competitive
Hazardous  Substances  Research Centers  will  continue   to  fund research  and
training  in areas related to  the  manufacture,  use,  transportation,  disposal,
and  management  of  hazardous  substances.   This   program  is considered by the
Agency  to  be an  important  part  of  the  overall multtdisciplinary  research
program  to  address health,  environmental,   and  engineering  issues  associated
with  hazardous  substances.    This  university  based program  will foster  the
application of academic expertise in basic research to Superfund issues.

     Superfund  Scientific Instrumentation.   This program  provides  scientific
instrumentation support to ORD research.   Resources  for 1990  will  purchase
needed equipment such as  gas and high pressure liquid chromatographs, emission
spectrometers and other bench testing equipment and instruments.

1989 Prpgrpm.

     In 1989, the Agency  is allocating a total of $14,050,000 supported by 1.0
workyears  for  this  program,   all  of  which is  from the Hazardous  Substance
Superfund  appropriation.   In 1989,  a  targeted  grants program  is  fundird
                               14-23

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research  on  hazardous   waste  abatement  and  control  with   the  focus  on
biodegradation  of  hazardous  organics  at  Superfund  sites.    The  Hazardous
Substances  Research  Centers  program  was  initiated  when  peer review  panels
reviewed proposals  and selected  five  University-based centers  that  will fund
research and  training on  the  manufacture, use, transportation, disposal,  and
management of hazardous substances.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,   the  Agency  obligated  a  total  of  $3,128,500  supported  by  no
workyears  for   this  program,   all of  which was from  the  Hazardous  Substance
Superfund  appropriation.    In  1988,  a  targeted  competitive  grants  research
program  was established   to   fund  applied  research  on hazardous  substances
abatement and  control activities.   The  initial focus  was  on the  study  of in-
situ  methods  for  decontamination of  ground  water  and 'development of  rapid
analytical  methods   applicable to  complex  mixtures  at  Superfund  sites.    A
national  solicitation  for  funding  proposals  for  the  Hazardous  Substance
Research Centers  program  was  issued.   Peer review panels  were established to
review proposals and recommend awards in response to the solicitation.


TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND LIAISON

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a total  of $693,300 and 2.0 total  workyear for this
program,  all   of  which   will  be  for   the   Hazardous   Substance  Superfund
appropriation.   This represents no change in dollars or total workyears.

     Provide Technology Transfer.•  This activity  provides  technology transfer
and training assistance on issues relevant to the Superfund cleanup program for
the Program office,  EPA Regions, and states.

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the Agency  is  allocating a  total  of $693,300 supported by 2.0
total workyear  for  this program,  all of  which is from  the Hazardous Substances
Superfund  appropriation.    This  program  is  coordinating  technology  transfer
activities,  and  delivering  technological  information  and  training  to  the
Program  office,  Regions,  states  and  contractors  responsible  for  cleanup
activities.    This   activity   enhances  the  effective,  timely,  and  efficient
planning of permanent solutions in Superfund response actions.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency  obligated a total  of $582,200  supported  by 0.5 total
workyears  for   this  program,   all of  which was from  the  Hazardous  Substance
Superfund appropriation.   This program developed mechanisms  to coordinate ORD
technology  transfer  activities, and  delivered technological information to the
program  office,  Regions,  States  and  contractors  responsible  for  cleanup
activities.
                               14-24

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Hazardous Substance
  Response Actions

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                            1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents


                                                                        Page

SUPERFUND                                                              14-1

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE
   Hazardous Substance Response. 	  	 .  	  14-25
      Hazardous Spill and Site Response.	  14-26
   Hazardous Substance Response - Support.  	  14-34
      Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Water 	  14-35
      Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Air and Radiation .  .  .  14-37
   Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency. ............  14-38
      Department of Health and Human Services. ... . .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  14-40
      United States Coast Guard	14-42
      Department of Justice.	14-43
      Federal Emergency Management Agency	  14-43
      National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration	  14-44
      Department of the Interior		14-45
      Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 	  14-46

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                                                   SUPERFUND
                                         Hazardous Substance Response

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
                                         ,      (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

PROGRAM
Hazardous Spill & Site
Response
 Hazardous Substance        $1150,977.8 1027,167.3 1184,151.3 1345,300.3  $161,149.0
 Superfund
                      TOTAL $1150,977.8 1027,167.3 1184,151.3 1345,300.3  $161,149.0


TOTAL:  .
 Hazardous Substance        $1150,977.8 1027,167.3 1184,151.3 1345,300.3  $161,149.0
 Superfund

Hazardous Substance   TOTAL $1150,977.8 1027.167.3 1184,151.3 1345,300.3  $161,149.0
Response


PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Spill & Site          1,023.2    1,034.9    1,124.3      736.7      -387.6
Response

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS       1,023.2    1,034.9    1,124.3      736,7      -387.6


TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Spill & Site          1,092.5    1,089.7    1,178.9    1,236.7        57.8
Response

TOTAL WORKYEARS                 1,092.5    1,089.7    1,178.9    1,236.7        57.8
                                      14-25

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                                   SUPERFUND
       Hazardous  Substance Response  - Environmental Protection Agency
Budget Request

     The Agency requests a total of $1,345,300,300  for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund  appropriation.    Of  these  resources,  $72,758,800  will  be  for  the
salaries and expenses to support  1,236.7  total  workyears.   This resource level
represents an increase of $161,149,000 and 57.8 total workyears from 1989.  The
increase reflects  the continuing growth of design  and construction activities
at National Priorities List (NPL) sites.

     In  1989,  the  Agency  is  allocating  a  total  of  $1,184,151,300  from  the
Hazardous  Substance  Superfund appropriation.    Of these resources,  $64,567,700
is for salaries and expenses to support 1,178.9 total workyears.

     In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $1,150,977,800 from the Hazardous
Substance  Superfund.    Of  these  resources,  $61,186,500 was  for salaries  and
expenses to support 1,092.5 total workyears.


PRE-REMEDIAL PROGRAM

1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total  of  $83,534,000 for  the  Pre-remedial Program
from  the  Hazardous  Substance  Superfund  appropriation.   This  represents  a
decrease  of $1,635,000  from 1989  levels.   The majority of  these  resources
support  preliminary  assessment  (PA)  and  site  inspection   (SI)   activities
conducted  at potential  Superfund  sites.   Reductions  in this  program area
reflect the completion of  the revised Hazard  Ranking System (HRS) and National
Contingency Plan (NCP).

     In 1990,  the  Pre-remedial Program will  continue to  place an  emphasis on
improving  the effectiveness  of  site screening  during  the  early stages of site
evaluation  to ensure that  the  Agency's  responses  are  focused  on  the most
serious environmental and  public health  threats.    The Agency will  strive to.
meet the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act  (SARA) mandated goal that
all  sites  will  be  evaluated for inclusion  on the NPL within four  years of
initial discovery.   In addition,  the Agency,  in cooperation  with  the states,
will fully implement  the new HRS.  Work directed toward pre-remedial activities
will  continue   at  a  stable   level   for preliminary  assessments  and  site
inspections  targeting the  most  environmentally significant sites  for further
action.

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the  Agency  is  allocating  a  total  of $85,169,000   from  the
Hazardous  Substance 'Superfund appropriation for the Pre-remedial  Program.  The
Agency  is  developing and implementing procedures to  identify  and characterize
sites that represent  the greatest environmental and public health threats from
                               U-26

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hazardous  substances.   The  revised HRS  enables the  Agency to  expedite  site
planning  activities through  improved  initial  site  characterization.   As  a
result, available resources may be directed toward the sites that have the most
immediate need  for  response.   The Agency  is  striving  to meet the pre-remedial
completion deadlines imposed  by SARA to perform Sis where  PAs  have shown they
are warranted.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $71,037,000 for the Pre-remedial
Program from  the  Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.   The Agency has
met the SARA  mandated  goal to conduct PAs by January  1,  1988,  at all sites on
Comprehensive Environmental  Response,  Compensation, and Liability Information
System (CERCLIS)  at the time of the enactment of°SARA.   The program completed
2,884 PAs and 1,237 Sis.  By the end of 1988,  two of the ten Regions were close
to  meeting their SARA mandated goal  for  SI  completions.    In  addition,  the
program added over  200 proposed sites to  the NPL.  The  Agency  has revised the
HRS to put in place mechanisms to address high priority releases first.
REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION/FEASIBILITY STUDY (RI/FS)

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency requests  a  total  of  $98,500,000  for  this  program  from  the
Hazardous  Substance  Superfuhd  appropriation.   This  represents a  decrease of
$1,000,000 from 1989 levels.  This  reduction is in support of the Agency plans
to fund remedial projects that will be ready for construction in 1990.

     In 1990, the Agency will start 55 new and 25 subsequent RI/FS.  The Agency
will issue guidance  and provide technical assistance on the  use of applicable
relevant   and  appropriate   requirements   in  ' setting   response   standards,
streamlined RI/FS, public health  risk assessment,  environmental evaluation and
implementation  of  the  new  remedy  selection process.   Emphasis will  also be
placed  on implementing  a  quality  control  program on  risk assessment  in  the
Regions.  By  the end of 1990, the RI/FS full funding strategy, which was begun
in 1988, will be completed.   Other  initiatives  to streamline project costs and
reduce RI/FS budgets will also be implemented.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is  allocating a  total  of $99,500,000 for this program
from the  Hazardous  Substance Superfund  appropriation.    The  Agency  plans to
initiate new  Fund-financed  RI/FS  at 43 projects and  to  start subsequent RI/FS
at  18  projects.     With RI/FS  projects  that are  overseen  by  potentially
responsible  parties  (PRPs)  and  funded through the  Enforcement  Program,  the
Agency will  meet  the SARA  schedule  for RI/FS project starts.   Initiatives to
prevent or minimize  cost growth  in  RI/FS are  being  implemented,  and include:
performance   incentives  such  as   cost  and schedule   control  for  remedial
contractors under the ARCS;  policy and guidance  to streamline RI/FS projects by
reducing  the  amount  of work  required to  support a remedy selection decision;
and a three year full-funding strategy and  average  cost ceiling.  In an effort
to better  assess  the factors contributing  to the cost  of performing a RI/FS,
the Agency published a cost  evaluation of  the process  in October  1988.   The
evaluation included  several recommendations for .cost cutting measures.    The
Agency  anticipates  that  the  full-funding  strategy  will  complement  other
ongoing efforts to reduce RI/FS budgets and improve cost management.


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1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the Agency  obligated a total  of $142,410,400 for  this  program
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.  At  the end of 1988, 203
of the total RI/FS project initiations mandated by SARA  had been started.  The
overall  number  of Records  of  Decision signed  during  the  fiscal  year  was
approximately double that of 1987.   The program also developed interim guidance
for the NCP.   The guidance  implemented a site-specific process  in which nine
criteria are analyzed to make a  decision concerning the  final remedy selection
for a project.


REMEDIAL DESIGN (RD)/REMEDIAL ACTION (RA)

1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of  $675,621,400  for the RD and  RA  stages of
the Remedial Program for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.  This
total  amount  includes  $20,200,000  for projects  with   PRP  oversight  and
$655,421,400 for  Fund-financed  projects.  This request  represents an increase
of  $160,972,700   for  remedial  design and  construction  activities  from 1989
levels.

     In 1990, the Superfund Program will continue to emphasize response actions
financed by  PRPs.   PRPs will oversee 65 new designs and  20 subsequent design
initiations at remedial projects.   In addition,  PRPs will  begin 50 new actions
and 15 subsequent actions.

     The Superfund Trust Fund will assume responsibility for all projects where
PRP response  is  not  achieved.    In  1990, the Fund will  finance  75 new designs
and 35 subsequent  designs  at remedial projects.   In addition,.the Fund will be
responsible for the starting 41 new and 24 subsequent remedial action projects.
Of these 65  projects,  30 will have been deferred  from 1989,  and will have the
highest priority for funding in 1990.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $514,648,700 for this program
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.  The Agency will continue
progress toward  the  SARA mandated deadlines  (e.g.,  175  remedial action starts
by October 1989  and  the additional 200  starts  by  1991), while ensuring steady
funding of  those  projects that are  ready  to  proceed  to  construction.   The
Agency  continues  to  encourage  PRP  participation  in  the   Superfund  Program
through  the  timely   completion of  negotiations   and  effective  use  of  the
settlement authorities in  SARA.  PRPs are responsible for  preparing designs at
67  new projects  and at  16 subsequent  projects.    PRPs will  also  start  new
actions at 44  projects and subsequent  actions  at  7 projects.   The Trust Fund
will begin new designs  at  61 sites and  subsequent  designs at 35 projects.   In
addition,   the Trust  Fund will  commence 23 new  actions  and 21  subsequent
actions at remedial projects.   The Agency also performs long term activities at
sites, after the RA is completed, to ensure that the hazardous condition(s) has
been permanently remedied.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the Agency  obligated a total  of $551,488,700 for  this  program
from the Hazardous Substance  Superfund  appropriation.  Resources  were  used to
initiate only Fund-financed remedial  projects in 1988.  PRP oversight of cost

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and program management was funded through the Agency's Enforcement project.  Of
the designs started, 39 were new  and 30 were subsequent projects.  For RAs, 37
were started at new projects and 14 at subsequent projects.


REMOVAL ACTIONS

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  $99,750,000  for  this  program for   the  Hazardous
Substance  Superfund appropriation.    This  represents a decrease  of $5,500,000
from 1989  levels.   This reduction reflects  the Agency's initiative to redirect
resources  to  the  remedial program in an effort  to fund remedial projects that
are ready for construction.

     In 1990, the Agency  will  continue  to  use its  expanded removal authorities
for emergency actions.  The Removal Program will remain in a steady state as it
continues  to  stabilize  NFL  sites  where  significant  threats  exist  while
additional long-term response is being considered.

1989 Program

     The Agency  is  allocating $105,250,000 workyears for  removal actions from
the Hazardous Substance  Superfund  appropriation.   Removal actions  enable the
Agency  to  initiate  immediate  response  to   protect  public  health  and  the
environment and do  not require completion  of  a  long-term  analysis of the site
or the results of more detailed site assessments.  In addition to responding to
emergencies,  removals may be  initiated when an  immediate  response  is  not
critical, but some  early  response is necessary to  protect  public health or the
environment.   The  Agency is  planning to  provide  emergency responses  at 190
major hazardous substance releases.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency  obligated a total of $95,249,100 for removal actions
from  the  Hazardous  Substance  Superfund appropriation.   These  resources were
used to conduct  removal  actions at 53 NPL  sites and at  161 non-NPL sites.  In
addition,  removal  actions  were  completed  at 42  NPL  and 155  non-NPL sites.
Completions included sites that were started in previous years.


RESPONSE SUPPORT

1990 Program Request

     The   Agency   requests  a total  of $103,562,000 for  the  Response Support
Program from  the  Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.   This represents
a  decrease of $7,060,000 from 1989  levels.   The  majority of  these resources
support:  sample analysis services;  technical training to on-scene coordinators
(OSCs),  Remedial  Project Managers   (RPMs),  and states;  policy  analysis;  and
budget  development.   The decrease  in  requested  funds is attributed  to the
reduction in management costs due to the shift from nationally managed remedial
contracts to contracts managed within the Regions.

     In 1990, the Response Support Program will resume its  responsibilities for|
sample analysis  and data  review  for all phases of  the  pre-remedial,  remedial
and removal programs.   The Laboratory Program anticipates  conducting  at least
130,000  samples  during 1990  through its 96  sample laboratories.   Consistent

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with  the  goal  of  increasing  the  quality  assurance  (QA)  of  sample  related
activities,  programs will  expand and  improve auditing  efforts  at  Superfund
sites.   In addition, the program will  continue to be active  in assisting the
states with establishing their QA programs.

     The Response Support Program will continue to ensure that the training and
transfer  of technology  from  the Office  of Research  and  Development,  other
Federal  agencies,   and  the  private  sector  is available  to  OCSs,  RPMs,  the
states,  and  Superfund  contractors.    Activities  undertaken  to  ensure  the
transfer  of  information and  technologies  will  include:    1)  updating  the
treatability data base;   2)  conducting  joint seminars  with  Office of Research
Development  in the  Regions;  3)  enhancing  analytical services  to meet  site
assessment needs; and 4) expanding the electronic bulletin board to include the
private  sector.   The  program  will  also  continue  to  assess  and  evaluate the
Remedial  Program  for improvements and  management  initiatives.  Some  of these
initiatives  will  be  to:     improve  the  process  for  conducting  remedial
investigations  and  feasibility  studies;  evaluate  design  and  construction
performance;  implement  appropriate   improvements  expanding Regional  contract
support  capacity; enhance contract  cost controls;  and  ensure adequate training
and administrative support for RPMs.

1989 Program

     In  1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $110,622,000 for the Response
Support  Program.   The sample analysis  and management activities  conducted by
the Contract Laboratory  Program,  the  Environmental Services Divisions,  and the
states continue to  be  a  primary component of the  Response Support Program.  By
the  end  of 1989,  the  program's 96  sample analysis  laboratories will  have
analyzed at least  120,000  samples,  of which 46  percent will be  for remedial
projects,  29 percent  for pre-remedial projects  and  25  percent for  removal
actions.  This program is also  responsible for promulgation of the revisions to
the NCP  during 1989.

     The program continues developing technologies and practices for preventing,
releases,   identifying   the   causes  of   accidents,   and   preparing  for  the
mitigation  of chemical accidents.   Knowledge gained from this effort is shared
with  state and local governments,  trade  associations, professional societies,
industry,  and  the  public   sector.     The  Response   Support  Program  ensures
technical  and management  coordination within the  Agency  and with other Federal
agencies,  and provides oversight  of remedial and removal activities through the
Superfund  Comprehensive  Accomplishments Plan (SCAP).   The  SCAP  is the central
mechanism  for  planning,  tracking and evaluating  Superfund program activities.
Support  activities  also  include budget  formulation, strategic planning, policy
and program evaluation, program forecasting, financial accounting and tracking,
and administrative services.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency obligated a total  of  $109,879,800 from the Hazardous
Substance  Superfund appropriation.    The  objectives and goals of  the Response
Support  Program were met through  the  expansion of field activities and quality
assurance  procedures  for sample analysis  and the  revision of the NCP and HRS.
Specifically,  the  laboratory  support  program conducted  a total  of  119,808
samples,  of which   39,910  were  special   analytical  samples  and 79,898  were
routine  analytical  samples.   The revisions  to  the  NCP provided procedures and
standards  for  remedial  actions  consistent  with  SARA, clarified  existing NCP
language,  reorganized the  NCP  to  describe  more  accurately  the sequence  of
response actions,  and incorporated  changes  based on  program  experience since

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the last  revisions  to the NCF.   In addition, the Agency has  improved project
and information  management,  automated  analytical data  transmission  from  the
contract  laboratories,   developed  procedures  and  guidelines   for  program
operations,  provided direct technical support to  the  states,  and developed new
contracting  mechanisms  to  ensure  accelerated  growth  in  site  activities.
CERCLIS was  implemented and provides  the Agency  with  direct access  to site-
related management data.


REMEDIAL SUPPORT

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $137,330,100  for  the  Remedial Support
Program for  the  Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.   This represents
an increase  of $1,965,200 over 1989.  The majority of  these  resources support
remedial  contract management  activities,  technical  assistance  for  remedial
projects,  and grants to states and local groups.

     The  Agency  will  proceed with  the  implementation  of several management
initiatives  related  to  the  Remedial Program.   The  program  will  continue to
develop  the  diversified  contracting   strategy   started  in  1988  to  enhance
competition   and  strengthen  Regional   responsibility  and   involvement   in
contractor performance  and evaluation.   Initiatives  to improve  management of
programs  such as the  Contractor  Support Program will  also  receive  support.
Efforts  to   track site  response  progress  will  be  enhanced  as  the  program
increases its reliance on the CERCLIS as  an efficient and  effective program
management  tool.   The  Agency will  also  continue to provide grants  to local
interest  groups  through  the  Technical Assistance  Grants Program,  administer
Core  Grants   to  the  states,  and  monitor projects awaiting  further  remedial/
activity.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $135,364,900 for this program
from  the  Hazardous  Substance  Superfund  Program.   This  program continues to
emphasize rapid  decision  making  and a bias for action.   Superfund actions are
being  directed  toward achieving  and exceeding program  targets.    The program
encourages a  balanced approach to  site  work,  and  provides  technical assistance
to potentially  responsible parties  and  states that assume responsibility for
remedial activities.   States  and Indian  tribes are being  consulted throughout
the project  planning process  as  a primary means  of ensuring  an integrated and
coordinated  program  effort.    The  Agency also  continues  to fund Multi-Site
Cooperative Agreements.

     The  Agency  is  implementing  the Alternative  Remedial Contracts  Strategy
(ARCS).   The purpose  of ARCS is  to obtain  project  management  and  technical
services  to  support remedial response  activities  at  NPL  sites.    The  ARCS
Program is based upon  the concept of performance  incentives.   Quality of work
performed on projects is directly related to the  amount  of future work received
as well as the level of fee awarded to contractors. Approximately 40 contracts
are being awarded during 1989.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency obligated $56,943,100  from the Hazardous  Substance'
Superfund Program.  The ARCS  Program was developed during 1988.   ARCS contracts
include two categories of functional activity:  site specific  technical support

                               14-31

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and program management.   The first category covers  site specific project work
that  is  tasked  by  work  assignment.    Program  management includes  contract
management functions necessary to support multiple work assignments.

     The  Agency  also  provided  support  to  the  states  through  the Management
Assistance  Program.     The  goal  of  this  program   is   to  improve  state
administrative and financial  programs.    Training  and  outreach  efforts  have
increased  to   support   the   growing  number   of  cooperative   agreements.
Deficiencies  in  the  hazardous waste  disposal  capacity assurances have  been
addressed and  assistance has been  given for correction of  the  problems.   The
Agency   involved  Federally  recognized  Indian   tribes  in  hazardous  waste
management activities  by expanding  outreach efforts  to  this population through
training on the  Superfund Program.

     In  addition,  the Agency developed  the Superfund Memorandum  of Agreement
(SMOA) and the Core Program Cooperative  Agreement (CPCA) to ensure substantial
and meaningful involvement of states  in the Superfund Program,  as required by
SARA.  The SMOA  is an  agreement between a state or an Indian tribe and a Region
that defines  each  party's roles and responsibilities in the implementation of
the  Comprehensive  Environmental  Response, Compensation,   and  Liability  Act
(CERCLA)  as  amended.   This  agreement  provides maximum  flexibility to EPA and
the  state/tribes   in planning  and   implementing  response  activities,   and
clarifies EPA and state roles  and expectations.   The  CPCA provides  funds to
conduct  CERCLA  activities  not assigned  to  specific   sites,  but support  a
state's  Response  Program.    Participation  in this  process  enhances states'
involvement  in  remedial  activities and ensures  that states  have appropriate
management systems for financial control of CERCLA funds.


REMOVAL SUPPORT

1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a total of $74,244,000 for the Removal  Support Program
for  the  Hazardous Substance   Superfund  Appropriation.     This  represents  an
increase  of $5,215,000 from 1989.   The majority of these resources are used to
manage  removal contracts which  provide on-site technical services.  Additional
resources  will  support  the  emergency  response   operations  of  the  Technical
Action Team (TAT) and  the Emergency Response Cleanup Services  (ERCS) contracts,
and an anticipated increase in the number of removal investigations.

     In   1990,   the  Agency  will  continue   to receive  and   screen  hazardous
substance  release  notifications  to  determine  what,   if  any,  response  is
required.  These resources  will provide  policy direction and technical support
for Removal  activities including the  review of waiver requests  from statutory
limitations.   The  program will remain in a steady state.   No  major changes in
policy are expected.

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the  Agency is  allocating $69,029,000 for  the Removal Support
Program  from  the Hazardous Response Superfund appropriation.   These resources
support  11,000 release notifications,  660  release investigations,  and on-scene
monitoring of  hazardous  substances at 150  sites.   In addition,  the regulatory
and guidance  framework are being completed  for  the  Removal Program,  including
use  of revised  removal  authorities and promulgation of final  regulations on
the  notification,   reportable  quantities,  and the  designation of additional
hazardous substances.  The program establishes reportable quantity (RQ) levels

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for extremely hazardous substances,  publishes technical updates for some of the
RQs  that have  been  promulgated,   and  implements  the  rules  currently  being
developed.   In  the vast majority  of cases, the  potentially responsible party
or state or  local  government will take  the lead in addressing the problem.  In
situations where more than one state is involved or where there is an unusually
complex problem, the Federal government will coordinate  and fund the response.!
EPA and  the  U.S.  Coast Guard  will  continue to maintain an emergency response
capability,  including  EPA's Environmental  Response Team,  comprised of Agency
employees with special engineering and scientific expertise.  This inter-agency
relationship  improves  the  Agency's  ability to provide  timely  engineering and
scientific  advice   to  Federal,  state,  and local  officials during hazardous
substance  response  actions,  and   results in  reliable  and  cost-effective
solutions to existing and potential environmental threats.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the  Agency obligated  $62,783,200 to the Removal Response Program
from  the Hazardous  Substance  Superfund appropriation.   These  resources were
used  to  conduct 700 release  investigations,  8,992 release notifications, and
on-scene  monitoring  of hazardous   substances  at  150  sites.    This  program
provided  administrative support personnel and  training  to  assist  OSCs  in
managing  removal  actions.   The program   continued  to  pursue a  diversified
contracting  strategy,  shifting  contracting responsibilities  to  the Regions.
The program  awarded six new Regional ERGS  contracts  bringing the total number
of contracts awarded to twelve.  These awards increased the number of companies
participating in the Removal Program.
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                                                   SUPERFUND
                                    Hazardous Substance Response - Support

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Response - OW
 Hazardous Substance
 Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Response - OAR
 Hazardous Substance
 Superfund
        $1,819.7   $2,092.9

TOTAL   $1,819.7   $2,092.9



        $2,178.5   $1,916.3

TOTAL   $2,178.5   $1,916.3
       $2,093.4   $2,173.7

       $2,093.4   $2,173.7
                      $80.3

                      $80.3
       $1,915.3   $3,102.2    $1,186.9

       $1.915.3   $3,102.2    $1,186.9
TOTAL:
 Hazardous Substance
 Superfund
        $3,998.2   $4,009.2   $4,008.7   $5,275.9    $1,267.2
Hazardous Substance    TOTAL   $3,998.2   $4,009.2   $4,008.7   $5,275.9    $1,267.2
Response - Support                                       .
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance
Response - OW

Hazardous Substance
Response - OAR

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
            19.5
            19.8
            39.3
23.3
17.1
40.4
23.3
17.1
40.4
24.0
20.5
44.5
3.4
4.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance
Response - OW

Hazardous Substance
'Response - OAR

TOTAL WORKYEARS
            21.6


            21.9


            43.5
24.0


18.0


42.0
24.0
18.0
42.0
24.0


20.5


44.5
2.5
2.5
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                                   SUPERFUND
                    Hazardous  Substance Response  - Support
Budget Request
     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $5,275,900  supported  by  44.5  total
workyears  for  1990,  an  increase of $1,267,200  and an  increase of  2.5  total
workyears  from  1989.   All  of  the  request  will be for the  Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE - OFFICE OF WATER

1990 Program Request

     In 1990, the Agency requests a total of $2,173,700 supported by 24.0 total
workyears  for  this program, all of  which  will be for the  Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.   This represents an increase of $80,300 which reflects
increased personnel and support costs.

     The  Agency will  continue  to  analyze  samples  of untreated  wastewaters,
pretreated wastewaters, and pretreatment systems  from  ten Superfund sites that
discharge to Publicly-Owned Treatment Works (POTWs);  five additional sites will
be  sampled on  an  extended basis. Data  from  the  samples will  supplement  and
expand existing data  to characterize untreated Superfund  site wastewaters,  the
performance  of  on-site pretreatment  systems, and  the fate  of pollutants  in
POTWs receiving these wastewaters.  The program will continue its  treatability
studies of on-site  pretreatment  systems.   In conjunction  with ORD,  the program
will continue to update,  refine  and  test the PC-based treatability model to be
used by  CERCLA  site personnel,  POTW  operators and  other pretreatment program
personnel  to predict  the  fate of pollutants  in  POTWs.   This new data will be
published in a final guidance manual.

     Regions will continue  to  analyze  the  need for new or revised local limits
at  those  facilities identified as  receiving CERCLA wastewaters.   Approximately
30  such  facilities will  require efforts  in this  activity.    Regions  will
continue   to  review   remedial  action  alternatives  to   ensure   appropriate
technology and water quality considerations  have  been  addressed.   Regions will
continue   to  assess  compliance  where  Superfund   facilities   have  existing
discharges to surface waters.

     The  Regions  will  continue  to  review response  actions  to  ensure  that
applicable,  relevant  and  appropriate  drinking water  standards are  among  the
benchmarks  that are  applied.   Where  Maximum  Contaminant  Levels   (MGLs)  or
Maximum  Contaminant  Level  Goals  (MCLGs)   have   not been  established  for  a
particular contaminant, the  Regions will provide  assistance with toxicological
data.   Once a  site  with  a contaminated  water   supply has been selected  for
inclusion on the National  Priority List  (NPL), the Regions  will participate in
reviewing  Remedial  Investigations   (RI),   Feasibility  Studies  (FS),  and  in
preparing  Records  of  Decision  (ROD).   These  studies  select and document  the
response  actions  for   contaminated  water  supplies  and address  the need  to
provide alternate water supplies.
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     The Regions, together with the states, will  evaluate  the effectiveness of
drinking water  remedial  actions and will  provide oversight  of  drinking water
regulations to meet requirements under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA).

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency  is allocating  a  total of $2,093,400 supported by 24.0
total workyears for this  program, all of  which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.

     During  1989,   the  Agency  is  continuing  its  efforts  to  characterize
wastewater from Superfund sites.   The Compatibility Analysis  begun  in 1987 is
being updated, as three additional sites are sampled and analyzed to expand the
data base  on the  treatment  and characteristics  of wastewater.    In addition,
analytical methods  and Quality Assurance/Quality Control  procedures are being
developed as necessary.

     Regions are continuing to  review disposal alternatives and  coordinate and
develop  discharge   controls   for  an   expanded   list  of  Superfund  sites.
Additionally, they are participating in meetings  to develop workplans for each
NPL  site.    The need  for new or  revised local  limits  will be analyzed at
approximately  50   facilities   identified  as   receiving  CERCLA  wastewaters.
Regions are  continuing to review remedial  action alternatives  to  ensure  that
they address  water quality considerations.  Compliance  with imposed discharge
conditions is being assessed at  locations where Superfund  facilities discharge
into surface water.

     The Regions  are  reviewing response  actions  to  ensure  that  applicable,
relevant and  appropriate  drinking  water standards are applied.   They are also,
participating  in  the  review  of RI/FSs and in the  preparation  of  RODs which'
document the final cleanup actions of contaminated water supplies, particularly
the need to provide alternate water supplies.   Analytical  information is being
provided  for  the   feasibility   study   process   which   compares   the
cost-effectiveness of remedial alternatives.

     The Regions, together with the states, are evaluating the effectiveness of
drinking water remedial  actions  and providing  oversight  of  drinking water
regulations to meet requirements under SDWA.

1988 Accomplishments                                                  .

     In  1988,  the  Agency obligated a  total  of  $1,819,700 supported  by  21.6
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.

     During 1988,  emphasis was  placed on preparing  guidance  for the treatment
of Superfund wastes discharged  into POTWs.   EPA continued  a limited collection
and  analysis  of  technical   information   that characterizes  wastewater  from
Superfund  sites.     The   Compatibility  Analysis  done   in  1987  to  determine
potential POTW  interference  levels  for specific pollutants  in wastewaters and
sludges was updated with three additional site studies.

     The  Regional   review of  disposal  alternatives  and/or  coordination  and
development  of discharge  controls  was increased  as response activities  were
undertaken by EPA  for an expanded list  of Superfund  sites.   Assistance  was
provided to  POTWs  for  developing local limits  and/or  other control  mechanisms
where  such  facilities  received  Superfund. wastewaters.     Evaluations  were
                               14-36

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required  for existing  discharges  to ensure  that  such wastewaters  were  in
compliance with imposed discharge conditions.

     Technical assistance  was provided to  state  health officials  on  drinking
water  concerns.    Assistance was  given  in characterizing  both the  relative
health risk  associated  with the potential contamination of  water  supplies  and
the need for remedial action.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE - OFFICE OF AIR AND RADIATION

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $3,102,200  supported  by  20.5  total
workyears.   This represents  increases  of $1,186,900  and 2.5  total  workyears
from 1989.   The increases will provide support  for  the  development of interim
Applicable   or  Relevant   and  Appropriate   Requirements   (ARARS)   for
radium/thorium/uranium  contaminated  sites;   the continuation  of  the  Volume
Reduction/Chemical Extraction  (VORCE) pilot  project;  the collection,  analysis,
and  reporting   of  potentially   radioactive  samples,   and   site  discovery
development.    As  part  of  the  VORCE  project,   the  Agency  will  construct  a
treatability pilot plant at the Glen Ridge/Montclair site and complete soilwash
and chemical extractions at Ottawa, Illinois.

     In  1990  the program will also  continue to provide  technical  support for
addressing  air  quality problems  associated with hazardous waste  site clean-up
activities.   This  support includes the use  of air quality models to determine
risks  posed by  air  emissions  from clean-up  activities,  and establishment  of
temporary  air monitoring networks  around selected  sites.    The program  will
evaluate  potential   disposal  techniques and technology, and review  remedial
action plans prior to implementation.

1989 Program

     In  1989 The Agency is allocating $1,915,300 supported by 18.0 workyears to
complete  the design of  the  Glen  Ridge/Montclair  pilot plant  and  initiate
evaluation  of  treatment  technologies  for  mixed wastes.    The  EPA  radiation
laboratories  are analyzing  each  quarter a minimum  of 700 samples  that  may be
radioactive.  The Agency is also providing  other technical  support,  including
air quality modeling and monitoring,  for site clean-up activities.  The program
is continuing to help assure  that  site  decisions involving  air  pollution and
radiation  contamination  issues are consistent with  air and  radiation program
policies and regulations.

1988 Accomplishments                         .

     In  1988  the Agency  obligated $2,178,500  supported by 21.9  total  workyears
for this program.  .The program continued to  provide  training of Regional staff
and  development  of  technical  data  and  guidance  to  determine the  air  and
radiation  impacts  and remedial measures  for Superfund  sites.    The  radiation
laboratories continued to provide sample analysis.
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                                                    SUPERFUND
                                  Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

PROGRAM
Interagency Superfund
Department of Health &
Human Services (ATSDR)
 Hazardous Substance          $42,999.9  $44,500.0  $44,500.0  $44,500.0
 Superfund
                       TOTAL  $42,999.9  $44,500.0  $44,500.0  $44,500.0

Interagency Superfund
Department of Health &
Human Services (NIEHS)
 Hazardous Substance          $28,915.0  $21,915.0  $21,915.0  $21,915.0
 Superfund
                       TOTAL  $28,915.0  $21,915.0  $21,915.0  $21,915.0

Interagency Superfund
United States Coast
Guard
 Hazardous'Substance           $3,027.6   $4,948.2   $4,948.2   $4,948.2
 Superfund
                       TOTAL   $3,027.6   $4,948.2   $4,948.2   $4,948.2

Interagency Superfund
Department of Justice
 Hazardous Substance          $16,373.0  $16,700.0  $16,700.0  $19,200.0    $2,500.0
 Superfund
                       TOTAL  $16,373.0  $16,700.0  $16,700.0  $19,200.0    $2,500.0

Interagency Superfund
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
 Hazardous Substance                      $1,879.6   $1,879.6   $1,879.6
 Superfund
                       TOTAL              $1,879.6   $1,879.6   $1,879.6

Interagency Superfund
FEMA-Relocation
 Hazardous Substance           $2,784.0
 Superfund
                       TOTAL   $2,784.0
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                                                   SUPERFUND
                                  Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

Interagency Superfund
National Oceanic
& Atmospheric
Administration
 Hazardous Substance           $2,429.4   $2,280.1   $2,280.1   $2,280.1
Superfund
                       TOTAL   $2,429.4   $2,280.1   $2,280.1   $2,280.1

Interagency Superfund
Department of the
Interior
 Hazardous Substance           $1,113.5   $1,253.5   $1,253.5   $1,253.5
 Superfund
                       TOTAL   $1,113.5   $1,253.5   $1,253.5   $1,253.5

Interagency Superfund
Occupational Safety &
Health Administration
 Hazardous Substance             $:380.9   $1,008.2   $1,008.2   $1,008.2
 Superfund                                                      '
                       TOTAL     $380.9   $1,008.2   $1,008.2   $1,008.2


TOTAL:
 Hazardous Substance          $98,023.3  $94,484.6  $94,484.6  $96,984.6    $2,500,0
 Superfund

Hazardous Substance    TOTAL  $98,023.3  $94,484.6  $94,484.6  $96,984.6    $2,500.0
Response - Interagency
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                                   SUPERFUND
                  Hazardous  Substance Response  - Interagency
Budget Request
     The Agency  requests a  total  of $96,984,600  for the  Hazardous  Substance
Superfund  appropriation for  Interagency activities  in  1990,  an  increase  of
$2,500,000  from  1989.    The  increase  will be  used  for  the  Department  of
Justice.   The  requested  funding will  also  finance  the on-going  Superfund
program  activities  of  the Department  of  Health  and  Human Services,  United
States  Coast  Guard,  the National  Oceanic and Atmospheric  Administration,  the
Department of  the Interior,  the Federal  Emergency Management Agency,  and the
Occupational  Safety  and  Health Administration.   These  agencies  and  offices
request workyears in their own budget requests.


DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (HHS)

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $66,415,000 ($44,500,000 for the Agency for
Toxic Substances  and Disease Registry  (ATSDR) and  $21,915,000 for the National
Institute  for  Environmental  Health  Sciences  (NIEHS))  from  the  Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for this program.  This request represents no
increase over 1989 levels.

     In 1990, ATSDR will continue to provide technical support and expertise as
required  under   the   Comprehensive  Emergency  Response,   Compensation,  and
Liability Act (CERCLA), as amended, to protect public health and worker safety,
and  to  determine the  toxicological  and human  health impacts  associated with
hazardous  substances.   Emphasis will  be placed  on expanding  state  responsi-
bilities and  involvement  along with continuing efforts  in the  areas  of health
assessments, toxicological profiles and registries, and health research.

     In 1990, NIEHS will continue to provide for basic research and advanced or
graduate  level  training  to  increase   the scientific   understanding  of  the
relationships between exposure to hazardous substances and human health and the
environment.  Four University-based grant projects  inaugurated  in 1987 will be
expanded  to a  total  of  40 projects  and  six  support  core  projects.   These
grants  include basic biomedical  research  studies and each will  investigate new
and unique methodologies to measure exposure levels and the effects of exposure
in humans.   Seventeen of the projects involve  research in engineering, 13 are
hydrogeological  in content,  and six are ecologically oriented.   The  intent is
to   award   additional  program   grants   to  institutions   with  coordinated,
multicomponent,  and interdisciplinary programs  in  the environmental and allied
sciences.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency  is  allocating  a total  of $66,415,000 ($44,500,000 for
ATSDR  and  $21,915,000  for  NIEHS)  from  the  Hazardous  Substance  Superfund
appropriation to  this program.
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     In 1989, ATSDR is overseeing an estimated 1,100 health assessments.  These
health  assessments  are being  carried out  at National  Priorities List  (NPL)
sites,  state non-NPL  sites,  and  in  response to  citizens'  petitions.   ATSDR
continues to enhance and maintain toxicology data bases for chemicals generally
found at Superfund sites or encountered  in  emergency situations.   In addition,|
ATSDR provides health assistance support for emergency responses in the form of
an  estimated  1,000  health  consultations.  Through  this  process,  ATSDR  is
expanding state  roles for routine  concerns  and/or on site  consultations when
necessary.    The listing of  100 additional  toxic substances,  required by the
Superfund Amendments  and Reauthorization Act of 1986  (SARA),  was  published in
the  Federal Register  on October  20, 1988.   ATSDR  continues to maintain  a
national registry of  serious  diseases and illnesses and  of  persons exposed to
toxic substances.  This activity includes maintenance  of  current registries as
well as initiating and collecting data for seven new subregistries.

     Further, ATSDR  continues  the  implementation  and refinement  of  the  ATSDR
health  research plan,  including  coordination  of  the plan with  EPA  and the
National Institute  of  Environmental  Health Sciences.   ATSDR  is  implementing
studies  on  birth defects  and developmental  disabilities.   In addition,  the
Dioxin Morbidity study  is scheduled to be completed.  The research agenda goal
to  determine the levels of  exposure  that pose  a significant  threat  to  human
health  is   being  finalized for  50 hazardous  substances  and  proposed for  an
additional  58.   ATSDR provides  support  and technical assistance to the health
community by maintenance of automated directories  and information systems such
as  the  Environmental  Health Information  Resources  Directory.   A second listing
of  at  least  100  additional  substances  is  scheduled  to  be completed,  as
required, by the end of 1989.

     In  1989,   NIEHS   is  proceeding  with  the  training  of workers,   such  as
laborers,    emergency,  responders,   hazardous   materials   transporters,   and
supervisors  who are,   or  may be,  engaged in  activities  related  to  hazardous
substance removal and  containment.  The  eleven grants  awarded in 1987 to train
workers  and  supervisors   are   being  monitored   for their   efficiency  and
effectiveness.  Five of these grants targeted specific categories of workers on
a nationwide basis and six were aimed at consortiums of universities,  state and
local agencies, or other non-profit organizations.  Results from basic research
programs are issued annually by NIEHS at meetings  of the  Advisory Committee on
Hazardous Substances  Research and  Training.   These meetings  are  attended by
representatives  of  private industry,  government  (Federal,  state,  and local),
and academia.  Reports of research findings are also published  in peer-reviewed
scientific  journals.   NIEHS continues to work  in conjunction with the National
Institute  of Occupational  Safety  and   Health  to  provide  short  courses  and
continuing  education to state and local officials.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988, $71,914,900 was obligated  from the  Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation by HHS  ($42,999,900 for ATSDR and $28,915,000 for NIEHS).

     These  resources  enabled ATSDR to  identify  and  rank the first  100 most
hazardous substances  as required by CERCLA.  The  listing was  published in the
Federal  Register on April 17, 1987.   Toxicological profiles  for  the  first 25
substances  are  in final preparation.    The  second  set of 25  profiles are in
preparation for release for public review and comment next month.  Profiles are
being  developed at a  rate  of at  least  25  per  year.   ATSDR  is  required  tot
conduct health  assessments  for  all sites on the  National Priorities  List.  As
of  September 30, 1988, health assessments have been completed on 560 NPL sites.
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     In   1988,   NIEHS  received   supplemental   applications  from   the   four
universities  that  were awarded  grants  in  1987 to  support programs  of  basic
biomedical research  into  the  effects of hazardous substances  on human health.
Each of these institutions has developed independent research projects that are
well  integrated into  the overall program.   In  addition,  curricula  has  been
developed and pilot  tested from  the  eleven  grants  awarded in 1987 that support
worker training and education.  The curricula  included  initial  and refresher
training  courses  in the  management  of  hazardous  substance-related emergencies
and long term responses by Federal, state, and local governments.


UNITED STATES COAST GUARD (USCC^

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency requests a  total of $4,948,200  for  the  Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for the USCG.  This request represents no increase over
1989 levels.

     In  1990,   the  USCG  will  continue  to  conduct  removals  and  monitor  non-
Federally funded removals in  coastal areas.    The USCG will  proceed  with its
efforts  to  reduce  the  occurrence  and  effects  of  releases  of  hazardous
substances by enforcing applicable sections of CERCLA, as  amended.   This will
encompass activities  such as:   issuing and checking Certificates of Financial
Responsibility;   investigating   spill  reports;   and  determining  potentially
responsible  parties  (PRPs)  for  penalty  and  liability assessment.    The  USCG
continues to  provide an adequately equipped and properly trained workforce to
investigate  releases  of hazardous substances, and to  monitor removal actions.
The USCG will  continue to  provide  a central  point for  receiving  reports of
releases  of  hazardous  substances  and for notifying -the  predesignated Federal
on-scene  coordinator   and   other   appropriate  governmental  and/or  private
entities.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency  is allocating a total of $4,948,200 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for this program.

     The  USCG   maintains the  medical  monitoring  system  to  minimize  the
possibility  of  any  physical  impairment or harmful effects  to USCG enforcement
or response  personnel  from  exposure  to hazardous  substances.   The Coast Guard
maintains information systems for program management analysis and the necessary
chemical  assessment data systems.    An estimated 80  new  chemicals  are  being
added  to  the Chemical  Hazards Response Information System.   USCG establishes
policies, plans,  and  training that  aid on-scene  coordinators in successfully
dealing with Superfund  incidents.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988, $3,027,600  was  obligated  from the Hazardous Substances Superfund
appropriation   for   USCG.    These   resources  maintained   safety  equipment,
conducted response  training for USCG personnel,  upgraded  the capabilities of
the  National Response Center,  and  provided  field data  systems  to  support
response  programs  and minimize  the possibility  of  harm  to  personnel  from
exposure to hazardous substances.
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DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (DOJ)

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency   requests a total of  $19,200,000  for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.  This request represents an increase of $2,500,000 for
DOJ's expanded Superfund caseload and the  operation of a system which provides
automated data support for complex cases.

     In  1990,  DOJ will increase its  support to  EPA in  reviewing negotiated
consent  decrees,  de  •inlmis settlements,  enforcement  of information requests,
and an  expanded docket of  access  cases.  Civil  penalties will be imposed in
instances where  PRPs violate notification requirements, deny  access to sites,
destroy  records,  violate  financial  responsibility  regulations,   or  violate
administrative  and judicial  settlement agreements.   Criminal  cases  will be
pursued and continued support will be provided to EPA's  expanded cost recovery
efforts.    DOJ  will  also  defend  the  Agency  against  citizen   suits,  pre-
enforcement  review   cases,   reimbursement  claims,   and   challenges  to  EPA
administrative civil penalty decisions.

1989 Program

     In  1989,   the  Agency  is  allocating  a  total  of  $16,700,000 from  the
Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation for this program.  DOJ  is providing
civil and  criminal enforcement litigation which  includes:  counseling on and
enforcing administrative  orders;  issuing  warrants  for  entry;  and  instituting
suits to compel  removal  and remedial  actions and to recover  response costs
incurred by the Fund.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988, $16,373,000 was obligated  from the  Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation by  DOJ.   These  resources  were used for litigation and other
enforcement related activities.  Key accomplishments included  the  filing of 29
settlement/injunctive (CERCLA Section  106) cases and  49 cost  recovery  (CERCLA
Section  107) cases.   In addition to the cases  filed,  DOJ  supported 42 Section
106 and 116  Section 107  on-going   cases  filed  prior   to  1988.   DOJ  also
concluded 18 Section 106 cases and 20 Section 107 cases by consent  decrees.


FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY C-FEMA)

1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total of  $1,879,600 for  the  Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for FEMA.   This  request  represents no  increase  over
1989 levels.

     Funds  will  be  used  to  maintain  local,  state,   and Federal emergency
preparedness and  administrative support.   Resources will  continue  to fund the
distribution of educational materials at state and local levels, and to support
the  training and ' team building  necessary  to  enhance specialized  response
capabilities.
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1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,879,600 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation.   FEMA  is  conducting permanent and temporary
relocation operations,  providing general administrative  support,  and revising
relocation manuals and  regulations as  required.   An additional coordinator has
been placed  in one of  the  Regions  to provide technical  assistance  to  EPA and
the  states.    FEMA provides  support management  and coordination of training
programs for local officials through the Emergency Management Institute and the
National Fire Academy.  Additional emphasis  is  being placed on delivery of the
Hazards Analysis  course in the field and at  Emmitsburg,  Maryland,  and also on
training by the Emergencies Management Institute.  FEMA also provides technical
assistance to  state and  local governments  through  improved  coordination with
the  Regional Response Teams  (RRT).   The RRT are  involved  in all preparedness
activities,  including  contingency  plan review,   training support,  planning
support for four Regional workshops,  and exercise evaluations.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  $2,784,000 was obligated from  the  Hazardous  Substance Superfund
by  FEMA,  of  which $1,130,000 supported temporary and  permanent  relocation.
Other  resources  were  used  to:   (1)  support FEMA's  development  of  relocation
guidelines and regulations;  (2)  provide  management oversight  for temporary and
permanent  relocations;   (3)  provide  preparedness   guidance  and  technical
assistance to state and local governments;  (4)  maintain the FEMA/Department Of
Transportation  information  exchange   system;   (5)  enhance   coordination  of
hazardous  materials  issues  with the  public  and  private sector;  (6)  provide
continued  support  for  National   and  Regional   Response   Teams   (NRT/RRT)
initiatives;  and  (7)  support  the FEMA/EPA  instructor exchange program.   FEMA
also enhanced  Knowledge,  Skill,  and .Abilities  standards  for  instructors and
continued  to deliver  existing training systems at the state and local levels.


NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION (NOAA)

1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of $2,280,100  for the  Hazardous Substance
Superfund  appropriation for NOAA.   This request represents  no  increase over
1989 levels.

     These resources  will  allow NOAA to continue  its efforts to support:  (1)
Federal on-scene coordinators' use of advanced emergency  information technology
for  response actions;  (2)  coastal  resource  coordination  and  hazardous  waste
remedial support  activities that ensure  full compliance with  CERCLA;  and (3)
RRT  contingency planning efforts.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the  Agency  is allocating $2,280,100 from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund  appropriation  for  NOAA.    These  resources  are  supporting  NOAA's
efforts to provide technical assistance to Federal  on-scene  coordinators  for
releases of  hazardous substances in coastal  and  marine  areas.  NOAA continues
to   maintain  the  enhanced  computer-based   information  CAMEO  program  which
combines meteorological and chemical-specific  analytical  data  for emergency
response activities.    In addition,   NOAA furnishes  technical support to EPA
during  removal actions  and evaluates  the  impact  from  releases of hazardous
substances on natural resources.  It also acts as a technical liaison with EPA

                               14-44

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and other  Federal,  state,  and local  agencies on  coastal resource  issues  of
common interest.  Other services provided by  NOAA are:   technical support for
activities associated  with hazardous waste  site  removal  and  remedial actions
affecting coastal  and  marine  resources;  and policy support  to the NRT/RRT and
to state  and local  entities  in the  areas  of contingency planning,  community
relations,  communications, preparedness evaluation,  and training.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  $2,429,400 was  obligated from  the  Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation by  NOAA.   These resources were used  to support  training for the
scientific response  team,  to purchase and  maintain protective  equipment for
personnel,  and to maintain field  instrumentation.    Funds  were  also  used  to
establish an Environmental  Compliance  Division in the Office  of the Assistant
Secretary for  Administration  to develop  policies and procedures to  meet the
pollution  control  and  mitigation   requirements   of   CERCLA   and  related
environmental laws.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (DOT)

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total of  $1,253,500 for  the Hazardous  Substance
Superfund  appropriation for DOI.   This  request represents  no  increase  over
1989 levels.   These resources  will  be used  to  support DOI's core  program in
response management and preparedness, and damage assessment capability.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,253,500 from the Hazarded
Substance  Superfund  appropriation  for   this   program.     DOI   continues  to
participate  in NRT/RRT  preparedness  and  training activities  and  to provide
direction,   guidance,   and  coordination of  scientific  and  natural  resource
expertise  in  response  to releases of hazardous  substances at  Superfund sites.
DOI  is  pursuing  its  efforts  to  provide  guidance,  consultation,  technical
assistance,   and  .training  to  state  and   local  governments   on  emergency
preparedness,  response  planning,  and  the  implementation of response actions.
These efforts will be necessary to ensure that proper consideration is given to
natural  resources  in  response  activities.    DOI  also  provides  technical
assistance and  review for  damage  assessments  conducted by  states and others to
ensure that natural resource losses can be compensated where eligible.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  $1,113,500 was obligated from  the Hazardous  Substance Superfund
by DOI.  These resources enabled DOI to participate in NRT/RRT preparedness and
training  activities  and  to  initiate its   involvement  in  state  and  local
emergency  preparedness  and  technical  assistance  to  trustees  of  natural
resources.
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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION fOSHAl

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency requests  a total  of $1,008,200 for  the Hazardous  Substance
Superfund  appropriation  for OSHA.   This request represents no  increase  over
1989 levels.  The  resources will allow OSHA to support technical assistance at
hazardous waste sites, worker safety inspections and enforcement at sites where
Superfund  remedial actions  are  underway,  and  assistance  to  the NRT/RRT  in
preparedness  and  training  activities.    Resources will be  redirected  from
inspections/enforcement  to  the  areas  of  technical  assistance,  standards
development, and NRT/RRT support to provide EPA with a more  balanced  program.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,008,200 from the Hazardous
Substance  Superfund  appropriation.   Funds  are  being used to:   conduct audits
and evaluations of safety  plans,  health plans,  and  work practices at Superfund
sites;  provide  sampling   and   laboratory   analysis  of  hazards  located  at
approximately 100 sites to determine proper personnel protective equipment; and
provide  technical  assistance  on  worker safety and  health  issues,  such  as
revising   the   Hazardous   Waste  Referral  Manual.      OSHA   conducts  Federal
inspections at  approximately 90  hazardous waste sites,  including inspection of
the purchase  and use of protective sampling and communications  equipment for
personnel  working  at Superfund  sites.   OSHA also provides grants  for a state
inspection program of approximately SO non-Federally inspected Superfund sites.
Funds are  also  applied to:  support  information sharing activities;  assist in
review  and   development   of contingency   plans;   participate  in  simulation
exercises; and  assist  in  training activities.   OSHA uses resources to develop
required  standards  for  certification  of  training for  employees engaged  in
hazardous waste operations.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  $380,900 was obligated  from the Hazardous Substance  Superfund
appropriation  by  OSHA.    These  funds  were  used  to   train  OSHA  inspectors,
maintain  a special inspection program for  Superfund sites, provide  technical
assistance  to  EPA,  provide support  for the  activities of  the NRT/RRT,  and
develop a required worker protection standard.
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Enforcement

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990  Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents


                                                                        Page

SUPERFUND                                                              14-1

ENFORCEMENT
   Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement. 	  ...... 14-47
      Hazardous Substance Technical Support - Office of Enforcementnt
        and Compliance Monitoring	14-49
      Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement	14-51
      Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement.  . . 	 14-53
      Hazardous Substance Criminal Investigations	14-56

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                                                   SUPERFUND
                                  Hazardous Substance Response-Enforcement

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Technical Support -
Office of Enforcement
And Compliance
Monitoring
 Hazardous Substance
 Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Technical Enforcement
 Hazardous Substance
 Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Legal Enforcement
 Hazardous Substance
 Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Criminal Investigations
 Hazardous Substance
 Superfund
        $8,595.1   $8,739.0   $8,739.0  $10,475.1    $1,736.1
                i.
TOTAL   $8,595.1   $8,739.0   $8,739.0  $10,475.1    $1,736.1



       $84,535.2 $108,532.2  $92,804.3  $96,776.1    $3,971.8

TOTAL  $84,535.2 $108,532.2  $92,804.3  $96,776.1    $3,971.8
       $11,583.9  $13,685.3  $13,672.8  $14,865.6    $1,192.8

TOTAL  $11,583.9  $13,685.3  $13,672.8  $14,865.6    $1,192.8



        $1,378.5   $1,592.9   $1,592.9   $1,592.9

TOTAL   $1,378.5   $1,592.9   $1,592.9   $1,592.9
TOTAL:
 Hazardous Substance
 Superfund
      $106,092.7 $132,549.4 $116,809.0 $123,709.7    $6,900.7
 Hazardous Substance   TOTAL $106,092.7 $132,549.4 $116,809.0 $123,709.7    $6,900.7
 Response-Enforcement
                                       14-47

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                                                   SUPERFUND
                                   Hazardous Substance Response-Enforcement

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Technical Support -
Office of Enforcement
And Compliance
Monitoring

Hazardous Substance
Technical Enforcement

Hazardous Substance
Legal Enforcement

Hazardous Substance
Criminal Investigations

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
 37.9
594.0
 19.8
 45.5
706.2
 17.3
 45.5
613.5
197.9      263.1      262.8
 17.3
 45.5
735.9
                      280.5
 17.3
849.6    1,032.1      939.1    1,079.2
122.4
                        17.7
                                  140.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance
Technical Support -
Office of Enforcement
And Compliance
Monitoring

Hazardous Substance
Technical Enforcement

Hazardous Substance
Legal Enforcement

Hazardous Substance
Criminal Investigations

TOTAL WORKYEARS
 40.4
 45.5
 45.5
 45.5
640.5
227 .4
 20.1
744.4
277.5
 17.3
651.7
277.2
 17.3
735.9
280.5
 17.3
 84.2
  3.3
928.4    1,084.7      991.7    1,079.2
                                   87.5
                                       14-48

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                                   SUPERFUND
                  Hazardous Substance Response  - Enforcement
Budget Request
     The Agency  requests a  total  of $123,709,700  supported by  1,079.2  total
workyears  for 1990  for the  Hazardous  Substance  Superfund appropriation  for
technical,  administrative,  and legal enforcement activities.   This represents
an  increase  of $6,900,700  and 87.5 total workyears  from 1989.   The  increase
reflects expanded efforts to  execute  interagency agreements  with other Federal
agencies to  remediate  sites  owned or  operated by  those agencies, to  secure
potentially responsible party  (PRP) site  remediation  and to  pursue recovery of
Federal and state costs from responsible parties.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE TECHNICAL SUPPORT ,

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests   a  total  of  $10,475,100  supported by 45.5  total
workyears for  this  program, all of which will be for  the  Hazardous Substance
Superfund  appropriation.    This  $1,736,100  increase from  1989  will  support
expanded evidence* audit activities and cover increases in personnel and support
costs.  There is no change in total workyears.

     In  1990,  the   National  Enforcement  Investigations  Center   (NEIC)  will
continue to provide  its  full  range  of support services,  which were expanded in
1988  in  response to  the  demands  of SARA.   Areas of continuing  emphasis will
include:

     b  Responsible  Party  Searches - The substantial increase  in emphasis on
        negotiation will make early comprehensive searches much more important.
        NEIC provides  a major resource  to  the Regions  in automated data base
        analysis for corporate histories and chains of ownership.

     o  Nonbinding  Preliminary Allocations  of  Responsibility  and  De  Minimis
        Settlements  -  These two new  areas  will use  NEIC's  unique information
        retrieval systems  and technical  analysis  skills to assess the  source
        and character of hazardous wastes  involved  in  the  allocation process
        and to support complex settlements involving de minimis parties.

     o  Section  106  and 107 Judicial Actions  - NEIC will continue to provide
        analytical  expertise  in  developing  judicial   cases  and  supporting
        complex  expert  testimony  needs  through to completion.    Increased
        evidence audit support will assure  ready access  to  records relating to
        particular  sites,  so  that  accurate  citations  can  be  ensured as  the
        number  of actions  being  prepared  for litigation for  remedy or cost
        recovery increases.

     o  Criminal Referrals Under Section  103  - These  areas, will continue  to be
        emphasized  as  a  result  of  the  significant  increase   in  criminal
        enforcement authorities.
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     o  Negotiation for Response at Federal Facility  Sites  -  NEIC will support
        the  increased  emphasis on  negotiating agreements  with  other  Federal
        agencies  for  response  actions at  sites  owned or  operated by  those
        agencies.

     This  program  will  also  continue   to  conduct  field  investigations  in
support  of case  development,  provide laboratory  analysis  (including  ground-
water  sample  analysis),  provide  technical  testimony,  negotiate  technical
aspects  of key consent decrees,  ensure  evidence audit quality  control,  and
provide  for the  safe   disposal  of hazardous  waste  material gathered  during
criminal investigation.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency  is  allocating a  total of $8,739,000 supported by 45.5
total workyears for this  program, all  of  which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.

     As  a  result  of Superfund reauthorization,  the  technical  support program
at NEIC  is  responding  to  a  growing  demand for  services.  This is due primarily
to three factors:   growth in the size of the'National Priority List (NPL) which
increases demand for the special environmental  monitoring work at which NEIC is
expert; growth in levels  of  enforcement-related activities  in areas which have
historically demanded  NEIC  support;  and  the introduction of  several  new areas
of responsibility which NEIC is particularly well qualified  to  handle.   These
include work related to non-binding preliminary  allocations of responsibility,
de nininis  settlements, and Federal facility  sites.    In  addition,  laboratory
and  technical  support   work  due  to  changes in the criminal provisions  of the
statute  will see  expanded  activity.   Evidence  audit  control  processes  are
being continued to ensure effective preparation for litigation.

     In  areas  of  special sensitivity,  such  as  criminal  case  management  or
Federal  facility  enforcement,  NEIC  is   able  to  provide  high   caliber  staff
expertise without the  risk  of conflict of interest which  might  be inherent in
the use of  contractor  staff.   The NEIC also  protects  the Agency's interests by
continuing to audit contract laboratories.

1988 Accomplishments                                       -

     In  1988,  the Agency obligated a total  of  $8,595,100 supported by 40.4
total workyears for this program,  all of  which  was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.                            •

     In  1988,  NEIC  supported  new  and  ongoing  civil  and criminal  judicial
enforcement  actions,   handled  requests   for   computerized  information  system
searches for data relating to  responsible parties  and sites,  conducted quality
assurance  inspections  at contract  laboratories,   and participated  in  several
major environmental assessment projects.   Major laboratory support was provided
to the  Regions  and Headquarters for  analysis  of hazardous waste samples.   In
addition, NEIC has  supported evidence audit and  computerized  file development
projects as  well  as training, placement  and  oversight  of  contractor evidence
audit personnel in each Region.  NEIC  continued  to provide extensive technical
assistance  to EPA and   state  laboratories  in  the  following areas:   analytical
procedures;  preparation  and handling of  high  hazard samples;  disposal  of
hazardous  laboratory wastes;  shipping and safety  procedures; protection  and]
restoration plans;  and site  investigations  and safety  procedures.   The NEIC
also continued its in-depth studies  of chemical hazards to laboratory and field
personnel engaged in hazardous waste investigations.

                               14-50

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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE TECHNICAL ENFORCEMENT

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of $96,776,100  supported  by  735.9  total
workyears for  this program, all  of which will be for  the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.    This reflects  an increase  of $3,971,800  and 84.2
total  workyears  to  support an increased  number of  negotiations  at  Federal
Facilities  for  the  Comprehensive  Environmental  Response,  Compensation,  and
Liability Act  (CERCLA) Section 120 interagency  agreements,  increased support
for  state-lead enforcement, and a  focus  on remedial  design/remedial actions
negotiations to achieve potentially responsible parties (PRPs) response.

     The largest  area of growth in the program is the Federal Facility program.
It is  estimated  that over  200  Federal Facilities will be on the final National
Priorities  List  (NPL)  or  in   the  scoring  pipeline  in  1990.    All  of  these
facilities will  require Section 120  Interagency Agreements (lAGs).   lAGs are
enforceable agreements  for conducting remedial investigation/feasibility study
(RI/FS)  and  remedial actions  requiring significant participation  by  a state,
EPA, and, primarily,  the  other Federal agency.   Given the size and complexity
of many  Federal  facilities and the Agency's  experience in the hazardous waste
field, EPA's role  is crucial to the long-term remediation of these  facilities.

     The  Technical Enforcement  effort in 1990  will  focus  on  providing the
administrative  and judicial support to ensure  PRP  response  actions, and  on
managing an expanding  remedial  enforcement pipeline  of sites already underway.
This will be the  first year that the number of PRP first remedial starts exceed
EPA  fund-financed starts.   This  reflects  the Agency's success  in negotiating
for  greater  involvement  of PRPs  in  the  remedial process.    The  enforcement
program will  oversee  PRP  conduct  of the  engineering phase  of  the  process the
RI/FS, and will negotiate  Consent  Decrees  for the remedial design and remedial
action phases  which  include explicit project milestones  as  well as provisions
for  collection of stipulated  penalties and dispute resolution  in case the PRP
fail to meet their commitments.

     The program  will  encourage  settlements with PRPs through the use  of  de
minimis and mixed funding settlements.  Where settlements are not achieved, the
program  will   swiftly  pursue  litigation   for injunctive  relief.   Particular
attention will be given to non-settlers in mixed  funding situations.   Another
area  of  major  emphasis   of  the  Technical  Enforcement  program  will  be  an
aggressive cost  recovery   effort.   The Agency  will  be  increasing  enforcement
activity  for  litigation  and  settlement  of  cases  to  recover  Trust  Fund
expenditures at sites where Fund-financed remedial response has occurred.

     The program  will  build on  legal  precedent and negotiation experience  to
design more  effective strategies for securing PRP response.  Guidance documents
will  be  revised  to  improve   settlement  incentive  strategies,   PRP  oversight
policies, and  state enforcement  policies.   In  addition,  guidance on  state-
Federal cooperative agreements will be  completed.    More  effective use will  be
made  of  integrated   information   systems   to   better   plan  negotiation  and
litigation strategy.   The  Agency will  provide support to  states to assist them
with state enforcement  actions at NPL sites and to ensure  that site  deletion
from the NPL  is  in accordance  with the National  Contingency  Plan  (NCP).   In
addition, the   program will  target  support to  a  small number of  criminal
enforcement   actions  designed   to   deter  deliberate  violations  of  the  law,
particularly   in   such  critical   areas  as   records   management  and   release
reporting.


                                14-51

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1989 Program

     In  1989,  the Agency  is  allocating  a total  of $92,804,300  supported by
651.7 total workyears,  all of which is from  the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation, to secure and  oversee responsible party  response actions at NPLi
and other priority sites and to pursue cost recovery actions.

     EPA has  responsibility  for  selecting  site remedies  for  the PRP-financed
studies.    Procedures  for maintaining  the  administrative  record have  been
developed to ensure that the  remedy  selected  at these sites is consistent with
the NCP.

     As  the  RI/FS process  draws  to a  conclusion,  negotiations with  PRPs for
implementation of the  remedy are vigorously pursued.    De minimis  and mixed
funding  settlements  figure prominently as  incentives  for settlement,  coupled
with aggressive  pursuit of non-settlers.   In cases where  a settlement is not
reached,  the  Agency  is   pursuing  litigation  to  compel   PRPs  to  undertake
remedial design  and  remedial  action.  The Agency  is  also making effective use
of  unilateral  administrative   orders and  their commensurate  treble  damages to
compel PRP response.

     In  addition to  selecting site remedies and  negotiating with  PRPs,  the
program is ensuring compliance by PRPs  with agreed upon response activities at
sites where  a settlement  has been reached and work is  underway.   Additional
enforcement action will be taken  when  required, assessing stipulated penalties
or conducting alternative dispute resolution at those sites where the PRPs fall
out of  compliance with the order or consent  decree.    Oversight  costs  will be
included in Response Agreements at all PRP-financed sites.

     Where Fund-financed  action has been  undertaken, the  program  is pursuing I
administrative or judicial  cost  recovery  actions.   The  growth  in  the  cost
recovery program is  in the  area of remedial  cost recovery  as  Fund-financed
actions  are  completed.    Cost recovery action will be  pursued  against  non-
settlers, which  increases  the  risk  for PRPs.   Civil  investigators  are being
hired to develop  evidence  to  support enforcement action against recalcitrants,
in litigation, settlements, and in cost recovery cases.

     The program plans  to  enter into Federal  Facility lAGs as well as continue
oversight of ongoing Federal Facility responses.  EPA must review and concur on
the selection of remedy at Federal Facilities.  Early involvement by EPA at the
RI/FS stage  prevents  delays  in the  approval  of  the  Record of Decision.   EPA
must ensure  public participation; EPA  also  ensures  state  involvement  in the
process.   In addition  to  those  sites  where  lAGs  are  planned, the  Agency is
working with other Federal agencies where remedial studies are underway.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency obligated $84,535,200  and  used 640.5 total workyears,
all of which was  from the Hazardous Substance  Superfund appropriation.

     Major efforts were initiated to  implement the  provisions of SARA.   The
Agency  completed:   1)  the Enforcement guidance  for  implementing  the  revised
NCP; 2)  the  national Cost Recovery  Strategy; 3) de minimis and  mixed funding
guidance;  and 4)  the  state  enforcement  strategy.    These  strategies  will
encourage PRP settlements and provide more definitive guidance to the states so I
                               14-52

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that they can  effectively use their state authorities  to compel PRP response.
In addition  to  these guidance documents and strategies,  the Agency took steps
to improve  the management  and information systems  that monitor  and evaluate
programmatic achievements.

     This was   an  important  year  for  PRP  response  actions as  a  result  of
continued enforcement efforts.  PRPs are  taking an increasingly active role in
site  response.    PRPs  conducted,  and  the  Agency  provided  oversight  of,
approximately half of the RI/FS initiated  in  1988.   The program also concluded
RD/RA negotiations at NPL sites and referred settlement cases to the Department
of Justice  (DOJ)  for entering in the courts.   Mixed funding agreements and de
minimis authorities  have  provided incentives  to settlement.   In addition,  the
program ensured that negotiated removal actions  conducted by PRPs  met Agency
standards.

     The  Federal  Facility  Task   Force developed   policy  and  implementation
procedures for  Section 120 provisions of SARA.  The Task Force also distributed
boiler  plate   agreements   negotiated   with   the   Department  of  Defense  and
Department  of   Energy for Regional use at sites  owned  or  operated  by  these
agencies.

     The Agency continued  cost recovery  efforts,  referring  both  remedial  and
removal cases  to DOJ.  The Agency recovered $55.6  million  in 1988, exceeding
Agency estimates by  6 percent.  This was  triple the dollars recovered in 1987.
Program-to-date, the Agency has collected  almost  $105 million.   There also was
a substantial administrative  caseload for  cost  recovery,  including cases under
the new arbitration regulations.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LEGAL ENFORCEMENT

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency requests   a  total of  $14,865,600  supported by  280.5  total
workyears for  this program,  all  of which will be for  the  Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.    This  represents an  increase  of  $1,192,800 and  an
increase of 3.3 total  workyears  from  1989.   This  increase  reflects not only
the cost of the added workyears but also increased personnel and support costs.
The  increase in  workyears  reflects  greater  legal   support  to ongoing  civil
judicial cases, particularly for cost recovery actions.

     Federal  legal  enforcement  work will continue to  fall  into   two  major
categories:   (1) actions  to  secure privately-financed  site  cleanups  and  (2)
"cost  recovery"  actions  to  recoup  Hazardous  Substance Trust  Fund  dollars
actually expended in Fund-financed cleanups.   Aggressive enforcement actions to
secure privately-financed cleanups will  be a high priority.   These actions will
allow  the  Agency  to focus  Fund  resources on  abandoned sites  or  sites  with
insolvent responsible parties where direct use  of  the  Fund  presents the only
available response option.   "Cost  Recovery" actions  return  monies  to the Trust
Fund and permit the Agency  to address a  larger number of sites.

     Headquarters  staff will  continue  to serve  in  two  distinct but  related
capacities.   The first is  the  development of national policy and guidance  on
issues  which  require  clarification  and  resolution  to ensure  a  nationally
uniform approach.  Continued  implementation of  SARA  by the  program office will
require  development   of  policy and guidance  to  address new  issues  as  they
arise.   In  addition, policies developed early in  the CERCLA program and those
                               14-53

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developed soon  after SARA was enacted  were,  of necessity,  general  in nature,
and will  need major revisions based  on case-specific applications.   Finally,
revised guidance will often be necessary  to  incorporate  lessons learned during
management reviews of overall program performance.

     The second Headquarters role is  that  of  litigation  support.   Although the
trend  in CERCLA  will be  to  decrease  Headquarters  participation  in  routine
litigation  management,   this  objective  will   be  counterbalanced   by  the
anticipated growth  in the number of  precedent-setting actions expected  to be
litigated in 1990.  Two important criteria for Headquarters involvement will be
the  need for special  subject-matter  expertise  that has  been  developed  in
Headquarters, and  case-by-case assistance on specialized,  complex  or resource
intensive lawsuits  as  requested  by the Regions.  Headquarters staff will also
provide  a  focal  point  for  exchange  of ideas  and  strategies  useful  for
particularly  complex   cases  or  in  cases  where   responsible   parties  are
particularly  recalcitrant.   Headquarters  will  be  particularly active  in case
development for Section 106  actions,  in serving  as  the EPA lead for developing
amicus briefs for a growing  number  of private contribution suits  which can set
important  legal   precedents  affecting   Federal  enforcement,   and  in  such
relatively new areas as enforcement of information requests.

     Headquarters  staff  will continue  to  provide  technical assistance  and
training for new regional and  state personnel and  on-site technical assistance
as new issues surface.  Here the clearinghouse services of Headquarters will be
extremely useful in getting information out to all parties.

     Regional legal enforcement will  continue  to reflect  the emphasis of  SARA
on negotiation with potentially responsible parties (PRPs), mandatory schedules
for  dealing  with  sites  on  the  National  Priorities  List  (NPL),   substantial
public participation, and the  introduction of new  enforcement remedies.  These!
emphases   require a dramatic  expansion in regional  legal  enforcement work in
1989, which  is  expected to continue  in 1990.  Areas  of  intense regional legal
effort required  or  emphasized by the new  legislation will continue to include
the following:

     o  Records  of  Decision  (RODs) and the  supporting  administrative records
        must  be  able to withstand  court  scrutiny  when PRPs  challenge respon-
        sibility  to conduct- remedial action and/or  respond  to  cost recovery
        claims.   Strong  legal support is  needed to ensure that these RODs are
        legally sufficient and supported by adequate documentation.

     o  De Minimis  Settlements require legal involvement to  ensure that they
        are  appropriately handled,   particularly  with  respect  to  subsequent
        negotiations.

     o  Consent  Decrees  are  now  required to  codify  successful  completion of
        negotiations with PRP's to conduct a remedial  action.  This process can
        be  more   complex  than  the   former  alternative  of  administrative
        resolution.

     o  Administrative  Orders  for  remedial  investigations  and  feasibility
        studies  are  important  legal  documents  that must  be negotiated  and
        reviewed by the regional legal staff.

     o  Use  of  Administrative  or Civil Judicial   Remedies   for  Reportable-
        Quantity  Violations  will result   in  legal  enforcement activity  in an
        area where formerly only criminal remedies  were available.
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     o  Emergence  of  Federal  facilities  as  an  important  subject  of  EPA
        attention will demand energetic  legal participation  in the negotiation
        of implementable agreements.

     Because  of  the preeminence  of negotiation,  legal enforcement  resources
will continue to be  involved early in  the enforcement decision-making process.
In  addition,  the  requirement  for  active   state  participation  and  renewed
emphasis  on public  participation will  complicate all  legal  action.    Legal
enforcement  resources will  also be responding  to a steady growth  in the NPL.
Substantial  emphasis will  be placed  on cost  recovery actions,  particularly
those begun  in prior years.

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the  Agency  is allocating a total  of  $13,672,800  supported  by
277.2  total workyears for  this program, all of which  is  from the  Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation.

     Legal  work  is  continuing  on  a  number  of  landmark  CERCLA  cases.    The
importance of intense legal involvement early in enforcement actions to achieve
maximum environmental benefit  is  recognized  by  identification of  intermediate
steps  in  the enforcement  process,   careful linking  of  outputs  to  CERCLA
technical enforcement projections, and estimation of  the degree of legal  input
at  each  stage.   In  1989,  a large proportion of regional  legal resources  are
being  utilized  in negotiation with  responsible  parties and  in administrative
enforcement.   This  shift  of legal  staff attention  to  earlier stages in  the
enforcement  process  should prove  cost-effective  by  reducing the  need  for
protracted judicial litigation.   Civil judicial referrals are used  primarily to
secure  potentially  responsible  party  cleanup   and  for larger cost  recovery
actions.

     Headquarters  support  for judicial  enforcement  remains  essential as  the
Agency establishes  precedents with new  types of enforcement  activity  such  as
civil  remedies  for  reportable  quantity violations.    In  addition,  policy
development  and guidance work is  underway in  the areas of  landowner liability,
stipulated   penalties,   administrative  penalty  procedures,   arbitration
regulations, and  the Section 106 strategy.   Development of  these  policies  is
needed to effectively implement  SARA.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency  obligated  $11,583,900  supported  by  227.4  total
workyears  for this  program,  all  of which  was  from  the  Hazardous  Substance
Superfund appropriation.

     In  1988,  Headquarters  and Regional attorneys contributed  valuable  legal
support to  the best year ever for enforcement with PRP  settlements.   The 1988
totals for  removals (85),  remedial investigations/feasibility  studies  (RI/FS)
(74),  and remedial design/remedial actions  (RD/RA)  (55),  were nearly 50%  of
total activity levels in the period 1981-1987.

     In 1988, Headquarters  staff  provided significant support to  negotiations
and  trial  preparation  for  cases  such  as Stringfellow. Love  Canal. and Cannon
Engineering.  A summary judgement on liability was  obtained  against Occidental
in the Love Canal  case,  clearing  the way for  cost recovery  litigation in  1989.
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      During 1988, Headquarters  developed guidance to assist  in implementation
 of SARA provisions (e.g., (de minimis settlements. access  to sites,  information
 gathering through request Uetters  and  subpoenas,  etc.) which vill  improve the
 consistency of  Federal Superfund  enforcement  actions.    Substantial  resources
 were also used  to participate  in  the  NCP revisions.   In addition to  on-site
 consultation,  technical assistance  efforts included development of an
 model for calculation of interest payable by defendants in cost recovery
 and establishment of an automated,  key  worded full text library of model CERCLA
 consent decrees.

      A Headquarters, Regional and DOJ task force has been formed with the goal
 of  streamlining  the  civil  judicial  enforcement  process,  concentrating  on
 identifying settlement incentives  and disincentives,  and  suggesting policies
 and procedures  to enhance the  use of various enforcement tools  to  encourage
/settlements.   Regional work  continued  on landmark CERCLA cases,  such as Royal
 C.    Hardage.  Love Canal.  Monsanto (S.C.R.D.I). Strlngfellow. Thomas Solvent.
 Ottati  and Coss.  and  Western  Processing.     Significant  legal  support  was
 devoted  to  preliminary  enforcement  activity  and administrative  enforcement.
 Civil Judicial  referrals  and  follow through  continued to demand  significant
 regional legal support.

      During  1988,  noteworthy   settlements  were   reached  with  Conservation
 Chemical. Texas Eastern,  and Seymour  Recycling.  A precedent setting bankruptcy
 settlement was  reached  with Smith  International,  a  case  involving a  large
 multi-generator site where a significant dollar  settlement was achieved.   In
 addition, major progress  was  made  at  several Cannons  Engineering  sites  in
 Region I.  The  Agency initiated and implemented a strategic  enforcement plan
 intended to obtain full site cleanup  and  reimbursement  of response costs from a
 large number  of  parties  responsible  for four different  but related  sites.
 Under the  settlement  obtained, the  large  volume PRP  generators  agreed /
 undertake several of  the site cleanups  and  reimburse  a  significant  amount
 past costs; the de  minimis parties  agreed,  in three separate  settlements,  to
 pay money to  be used for site cleanup and for reimbursement of the government's
 costs.  By adding premiums to the  later  settlements, the  de minimis agreements
 were  structured in  a  manner  that encouraged  PRPs to  sign up  early in  the
 negotiation process.  To encourage early  settlement in  other  cases,  the Agency
 is also pursuing the recalcitrant PRPs for the  remaining  costs incurred and to
 be  incurred.    In  taking  these  actions,  the Region  has utilized  well  the
 enforcement and settlement  tools available under CERCLA.
 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS

 1990 Program Request                                  .

      The  Agency  requests   a  total  of  $1,592,900  supported  by  17.3  total
 vorkyears for  this  program,  all of which  will  be for the Hazardous  Substance
 Superfund  appropriation.    This  represents  no  change  in  dollars  or  total
 workyears from 1989.

      SARA contains  a  number of significant provisions which will  improve  the
 effectiveness of the Agency's Criminal Enforcement Program.   Existing criminal
 sanctions  (for  failure to  report releases of  hazardous  substances, and  for
 submitting false information in a claim)  have been raised from  misdemeanor,
 felony-level, punishable by a maximum  of  three  years imprisonment.   SARA al
 establishes a  citizen  award program to pay cash awards  to .citizens  providing
 EPA  with  information  on  criminal violations.    Because  of  these   changes,
 criminal enforcement activity is  expected  to  continue at the increased  levels

                                14-56

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experienced in  1988  and 1989.  Referral and  indictaent activity vill increase
in complexity as  veil.   The  substantial growth in  the  number of NFL sites has
increased the temptation to  avoid  liability by falsifying documents.  Improve-
ments  in  staff  capabilities through  training  and development of  relevant
automated  information systems vill  assist  investigators in  responding  to the
increase in complexity.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is  allocating  a total of $1,592,900 supported by 17.3
total vorkyears for  this program,  all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.

     As discussed above, 1989 criminal  investigative activity is responding to
an  increase  in  volume and complexity  of  Superfund-related  issues.    With
aggressive use  of the  more  severe SARA sanctions,  the regulated community is
expected to  become  more avare of  the penalties  associated  with submission of
false information.   In  1989, the clear  establishment of the Agency's deterrent
message  on  these important concerns  is  being  made  through  an increase  in
investigative activity.  However,  because prosecutions  are frequently combined
with counts  under other statutory authorities, CERCLA  output data taken alone
do not accurately reflect the amount of effort expended.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency  obligated  a  total  of  $1,378,500  supported by 20.1
total  vorkyears,  all  of  which   is  from  the Hazardous  Substance  Superfund
appropriation.

     Investigative resources were  devoted  to  implementation of  the  expanded
enforcement  authorities under SARA,  linked, as appropriate,  to other statutory
enforcement actions  for maximum impact.
                               14-57

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Management and
    Support

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990  Budget  Estimate

                              Table of Contents


                                                                        Page

SUPERFUND        '                                                      14-1

MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
   Hazardous Substance Management and Support. ..... 	 14*58
      Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Headquarters	14-64
      Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Regions	  .14-65
      Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters  .  . 14-65
      Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Regions	14-66
      Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants
        Management - Headquarters	14-67
      Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants
        Management - Regions .	14-68
      Hazardous Substance Support Services - Headquarters	14-68
      Hazardous Substance Support Services - Regions .   . .  .  .  .  .  .  . 14-69
      Hazardous Substance Computer Services.	  ...... 14-69
      Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Headquarters. ....... 14-70
      Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Regions . .   .	 14-70
      Hazardous Substance - Office of the Inspector General	 14-71
      Hazardous Substance - Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation. 14-72
      Hazardous Substance - Office of the Comptroller.   	 14-74
      Hazardous Substance - Office of External Affairs	 14-74
      Hazardous Substance - Executive Offices. ... 	 14-75
      Hazardous Substance - Office of Research
        and Development - Lab Support. ...... 	 14-76

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                                                   SUPERFUND
                                            Management and Support

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management
Headquarters
 Hazardous Substance
 Superfund

Hazardous Substance
Financial Management
Regions
 Hazardous Substance
 Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management
Headquarters
 Hazardous Substance
 Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management - Regions
 Hazardous Substance
 Superfund
        $6,535.7   $9,284.3  $16,284.3

TOTAL   $6,535.7   $9,284.3  $16,284.3



        $3,648.8   $6,171.8   $6,172.5

TOTAL   $3,648.8   $6,171.8   $6,172.5
       $13,320.9  $13,668.1  $13,672.1

TOTAL  $13,320.9  $13,668.1  $13,672.1
        $3,250.8   $2,925.3   $3,434.9

TOTAL   $3,250.8   $2,925.3   $3,434.9
$9,364.3

$9,364.3



$6,239.0

$6,239.0
$4,093.9

$4,093.9
$2,642.9

$2,642.9
-$6,920.0

•$6,920.0



    $66.5

    $66.5
-$9,578,2

•$9,578.2
  -$792.0

  -$792.0
Hazardous Substance
Contracts and Grants
Management
Headquarters
 Hazardous Substance
 Superfund
                       TOTAL
                                        $10,281.2   $10,281.2

                                        $10,281.2   $10,281.2
                                       14-58

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                                                   SUPERFUND
                                            Management and Support

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Contracts and Grants
Management - Regions
 Hazardous Substance
 Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Support Services
Headquarters
 Hazardous Substance
 Superfund
                       TOTAL
                                          $1,932.0

                                          $1,932.0
        $22,750.0  $30,447.7  $30,447.7  $32,996.9

 TOTAL  $22,750.0  $30,447,7  $30,447.7  $32,996.9
$1,932.0

$1,932.0
$2,549.2

$2,549.2
Hazardous Substance
Support Services
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
        $15,084.3  $14,931.4  $15,267.2  $14,965.5     -$301.7

TOTAL   $15,084.3  $14,931.4  $15,267.2  $14,965.5     -$301.7
Hazardous Substance
Computer Services
 Hazardous Substance
 Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services
Headquarters
 Hazardous Substance
 Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services
Regions
 Hazardous Substance
 Superfund
         $5,872.2   $7,247.7   $7,247.7  $10,279.8    $3,032.1

 TOTAL   $5,872.2   $7,247.7   $7,247.7  $10,279.8    $3,032.1
                       TOTAL
$866.6
$866.6
$756.0
$756.0
$756.0
$756.0
$816.0
$816.0
$60.0
$60.0
           $949.9   $1,162.8   $1,162.8   $1,162,8

 TOTAL     $949.9   $1,162.8   $1,162.8   $1,162.8
                                      14-59

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                                                   SUPERFUND
                                            Management and Support

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
Hazardous Substance
Office of the Inspector
General
 Hazardous Substance
 Superfund
                       TOTAL
Hazardous Substance
Office of the
Inspector General
 Office of the
 Inspector General
                       TOTAL
Hazardous Substance
Office of Policy,
Planning And Evaluation
 Hazardous Substance
 Superfund
$6,285.1

$6,285.1
                       TOTAL
$4,315.5

$4,315.5
     (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)




$6,896.1   $6,896.1

$6,896.1   $6,896.1
$3,433.5   $3,433.5   $3,433.5

$3,433.5   $3,433.5   $3,433.5
-$6,896.1

-$6,896.1
                                $10,316.9   $10,316.9

                                $10,316.9   $10,316.9
Hazardous Substance
Office of the
Comptroller
 Hazardous Substance
 Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Office of External
Affairs
 Hazardous Substance
 Superfund .
Hazardous Substance
Executive Offices
 Hazardous Substance
 Superfund
                       TOTAL
                       TOTAL
  $843.5     $944.0     $944.0   $1,064.0      $120.0

  $843.5     $944.0     $944.0   $1,064.0      $120.0
$111.6
$111.6
$202.5
$202.5
$202.5
$202.5
$202.5
$202.5
                       TOTAL
$401.0
$401.0
$401.0
$401.0
$401.0
$401.0
                                      14-60

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                                                 SUPERFUND
                                            Management and Support

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
Hazardous Substance
Office of Research and
Development - Lab
Support
Hazardous Substance $215.9
Superfund
TOTAL $215.9
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$250 .0 $250.0 $450.0
$250.0 $250.0 $450.0
$200.0
$200.0
TOTAL:
 Hazardous Substance          $84,050.8  $98,722.2 $106,572.3 $100,325.3   -$6,247.0
 Superfund
 Office of the                                                 $10,316.9   $10,316.9
 Inspector General

Management and Support TOTAL  $84,050.8  $98,722.2 $106,572.3 $110,642.2    $4,069.9


PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance                50.8       53.0       53.0       54.4         1.4
Financial Management
Headquarters

Hazardous Substance                72.5       90.2       90.2       95.9         5.7
Financial Management
Regions

Hazardous Substance               145.1      172.3      159.3       54.7      -104.6
Administrative
Management                                                                 .
Headquarters

Hazardous Substance                76.3       66.6       78.3       55.8       -22.5
Administrative
Management - Regions

Hazardous Substance                                                124.6       124.6
Contracts and Grants
Management
Headquarters
                                       14--61  .

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                                ACTUAL
                                 1988
                 SUPERFUND
          Management and Support

        ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
         1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                     1989               1990 VS 1989
Hazardous Substance
Contracts and Grants
Management - Regions

Hazardous Substance
Legal Services
Headquarters

Hazardous Substance
Legal Services
Regions

Hazardous Substance
Office of the Inspector
General

Hazardous Substance
Office of Policy,
Planning And Evaluation

Hazardous Substance
Office of the
Comptroller

Hazardous Substance
Office of External
Affairs
  9.8
 21.6
 52.3
  8.3
 10.7
  1.8
11.0
24.7
52.8
10.0
11.9
 3.0
10.9
24.7
52.8
10.0
11.9
 3.0
                                  46.0
12.0
25.9
67.8
12.8
13.9
 3.0
                                  46.0
 1.1
 1.2
15.0
 2.8
 2.0
Hazardous Substance
Executive Offices
             1.0
            1.0
            1.0
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
449.2      496.5      495.1
                     567.8
                       72.7
TOTAL WORKYEARS

Hazardous Substance
Financial Management
Headquarters

Hazardous Substance
Financial Management
Regions
 51.6
 78.2
53.0
96.0
53.0
95.9
54.4
95.9
 1.4
                                      14-62

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                                ACTUAL
                                 1988
                 SUPERFUND
          Management and Support

        ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
         1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                     1989               1990 VS 1989
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management
Headquarters

Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management - Regions

Hazardous Substance
Contracts and Grants
Management
Headquarters

Hazardous Substance
Contracts and Grants
Management - Regions

Hazardous Substance
Legal Services
Headquarters

Hazardous Substance
Legal Services
Regions

Hazardous Substance
Office of the Inspector
General

Hazardous Substance
Office of Policy,
Planning And Evaluation

Hazardous Substance
Office of the
Comptroller

Hazardous Substance
Office of External
Affairs
151.9
172.3
159.3
 54.7
-104.6
 89.3
 10.0
 25.1
 52.6
 11.7
 10.7
  1.8
 71.1
 11.0
 25.9
 52.8
 12.8
 11.9
  3.0
 82.8
 10.9
 25.9
 52.8
 12.8
 11.9
  3.0
 55.8
                                 124.6
                                  46.0
 12.0
 25.9
 67.8
 12.8
 13.9
  3.0
 -27.0
                                  124.6
                                   46.0
   1.1
  15.0
   2.0
Hazardous Substance
Executive Offices
             1.0
             1.0
             1.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
482.9
510.8
509.3
567.8
  58.5
                                      14-63

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                                   SUPERFUND
                  Hazardous  Substance Management and Support
Budget Request
     The  Agency requests  a  total  of  $110,642,200  supported  by 567.8  total
workyears  for  1990,  an  increase  of $4,069,900  and  58.5 total  workyears  from
1989.   All  of  the  request  will  be   for  the  Hazardous Substance  Superfund
appropriation.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a   total of  $9,364,300  supported  by  54.4  total
workyears  for  this program, all  of which will be for  the  Hazardous Substance
Superfund  appropriation.    This  represents  a decrease of  $6,920,000 and  an
increase  of  1.4  total   workyears   from  1989.    This  will  provide  for  the
implementation and maintenance  of an automated nationwide document storage and
retrieval  system and  an  increased cost recovery  program.    The decrease  in
dollars requested reflects the purchase of the system in 1989.

     The program will  continue to provide the level of Headquarters financial
management support necessary to ensure  the integrity of Superfund site-specific
cost accounting data.  This encompasses the  review and reconciliation of Head-
quarters site-specific documents as they are being processed to assure that the
information  is accurate  as  well as  to  assure   that  it is  entered  into  the
Financial  Management  System   accurately.     It   also   includes  monitoring  of
Headquarters costs  charged to  site-specific  accounts  by EPA  employees,  other
Federal  agencies,  State  and  local governments,  and  commercial entities  to
ensure  that  amounts  are  properly documented  and within budget.  The program
will also  calculate  and apply  indirect cost rates to  assure  that full Agency
costs are  charged  to sites  and claimed in cost recovery actions.  In addition,
the  program  will provide for  basic financial services  including  payroll
support, invoice and voucher processing, reports  preparation,  and funds control
for Headquarters.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $16,284,300 supported by 53.0
total workyears for this program, all  of  which is from the Hazardous Substance
Response Superfund appropriation.   These  resources provide  for the purchase of
an  automated document collection and  retrieval  system  that  is  necessary  to
maintain  pace  with  the  increased  requests   for  cost  documentation.    These
resources  also provide  for  the  establishment of  current cost  documentation
files in Headquarters  so  that  costs claimed  in cost  recovery litigation can be
supported immediately.  This is particularly important in bankruptcy cases where
time is of the essence.  In the past,  an  extensive manual file search has  been
necessary  to gather  documents that support costs being claimed.   In addition,
these resources provide  for an enhanced level of review and reconciliation to
insure  the  integrity  of  Headquarters  charges   posted  against  site-specific
accounts  in  the  Financial  Management   System as well  as providing  for  basic
financial services to an expanding Superfund program.
                               14-64

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1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency  obligated a  total of  $6,535,700 supported  by 51.6
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.  These resources provided for site-specific accounting
support  arid  preparation of  cost recovery documentation.   Also  provided were
basic financial services for the Superfund program  such as payroll'and invoice
processing.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - REGIONS

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests   a  total  of   $6,239,000  supported  by  95.9  total
workyears  for  this program, all of  which will be for  the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.  This represents an  increase  of $66,500 and no change
in  total  workyears from  1989.    This  will provide  for  the  collection  and
verification of  regional cost  documentation and  the  reconciliation  of these
documents with the Financial Management System on a current  basis.  This will
be done  by establishing a  cost documentation file in  each region as costs are
incurred rather than gathering documentation  at a  later date.   This will allow
us to respond immediately with documentation for bankruptcy cases where time is
of  the  essence as well as assure  that  all documents  needed  for protracted
negotiation or  litigation  are available  when requested.   Resources  will also
provide  for  the  review of  State  accounting systems and  for  support to assure
that  State systems adequately document  expenditures  of  Federal  assistance so
that  they  too  can be  recovered from responsible  parties.  Also included are
resources  necessary  to provide  basic   financial  services   to  the  regional
Superfund  program  for  payroll   and voucher processing,  funds   control  and
reporting for management and program purposes.

1989 Program

     In  1989, the  Agency is allocating  a  total  of $6,172,500 supported by 95.9
total workyears for this program,  all of  which  is  from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund  appropriation.    These  resources  support  the  enhanced  regional
Superfund  financial activities,  specifically  the  cost  documentation  file and
the State accounting systems described above.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency  obligated a  total of  $3,648,800 supported  by 78.2
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund  appropriation.    With   these   resources,   the  regional  financial
management  offices  provided  site-specific   accounting  support  and  gathered
regional cost documentation as requested by regional counsel when cases entered
the  negotiation  or litigation  phases.   Also  provided  were basic  financial
services  for  the   regional  Superfund  program,  such  as  payroll  and  invoice
processing and reporting.

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests   a  total  of   $4,093,900  supported  by  54.7  total
workyears  for  this program, all  of  which will be for  the Hazardous Substance
Superfund  appropriation.   This represents a  decrease  of  $9,578,200  and 104.6


                               14-65

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total workyears from 1989.  The reduction in resources reflects the transfer of
Contracts and  Grants workyears to a new program  element  in FY 1990,  Hazardous
Substance - Contracts and Grants, Headquarters. We will continue to effectively
manage automated  systems,  provide recruitment, staffing,  training/development,
workforce planning, management and organizational analysis, and classification
activities and provide  sufficient facilities  management  to support the overall
Superfund  program.   We  will  develop  health and  safety training  courses,
implement specialized medical monitoring programs, and verify through technical
support  and   environmental   audits  that  Superfund  waste   handled   by  EPA
laboratories is disposed  in  accordance  with  the off-site disposal requirements
of  the statute.   A  regional  contract for  Superfund waste  disposal  at  EPA
laboratories is anticipated.

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the Agency is  allocating a  total of $13,672,100  supported by
159.3  total  workyears  for  this  program,  all of which  is from  the  Hazardous
Substance Response Superfund appropriation.  These resources enable the program
to  provide centralized administrative  and  management  services  to  Superfund
activities.    In  1989,  emphasis  will  be  on  awarding and  managing increasing
numbers of contracts, grants,  cooperative  and interagency agreements.   Special
emphasis  will  be placed  on  oversight of  grants  activities and  developing
guidance  for  more complex  cooperative  agreements  and  new  program  grants.
Another priority  is  to  provide for the  intense and specialized training needs
of  Superfund employees, and  to provide  management  and organizational  analysis
to  strengthen  Superfund  management processes.   These resources  will provide
technical  support,  guidance, training,  and oversight  to  ensure  that Superfund
waste  from EPA labs  is  properly  managed;  We  also plan to create a database on
protective  clothing  to  enhance  the   health  and   safety  of  our  employees.
Resources are  used to  revise or  develop information systems  including systems
to   track  hazardous   substance  releases  at  Federal   Facilities,   and  the
administrative/financial systems  used to manage the Superfund Program.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,. the Agency obligated a  total  of $1.3,320,900 supported  by 151.9
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund  appropriation.    These  resources  enabled  the  Agency  to award  and
administer the contracts and cooperative and interagency agreements required to
carry  out emergency  and  remedial response   activities  and  provided central
technical  support  for  developing, operating, and  maintaining  all  automated
Superfund  information  systems.   The  Agency  completed environmental  audits at
EPA  laboratories   to  document  the  procedures  for  the  disposal  of  Superfund
waste.   We provided training  to EPA  labs on  these  requirements and developed
improved chemical  protective clothing information.   We also refined health and
safety standards  and procedures,  and maintained and supported  the Agency human
resources  requirements  of the  Superfund program  staff.    The  Agency developed
delegations of authority  so  that Superfund activities could be  carried out in
an effective manner.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS

1990 Program Request                                            .

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $2,642,900  supported  by  55.8  total
workyears  for.this program, all  of which will be for  the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.  This represents a decrease of $792,000 and 27.0 total


                               14-66

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workyears  from 1989.   The  reduction  in  resources reflects  the  transfer  of
Contract and  Grant workyears  to  a new program  element in FY  1990,  Hazardous
Substance  - Contracts  and Grants Management, Regions.  Regional administrative
management activities will include:  continuing recruitment of personnel to work
in  the  area  of  hazardous waste,  assuring a  reliable health  and safety  and
environmental  compliance  program,  providing adequate ADP  technical assistance
to  support  the   site-specific recordkeeping  requirements  of  the  Superfund
program and improved information systems for EPA and State operations.

1989 Program

     In 1989,   the Agency  is  allocating  a  total  of $3,434,900 supported by 82.8
total workyears for this  program, all of  which  is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund   appropriation.     These  resources   provide  regional  Superfund
administrative support services  for contracting  and  procurement,  personnel,
health  and  safety,  and  environmental  compliance  of  EPA  facilities,  and
information   management  activities.      Workyear   increases  reflect   the
implementation of the Agency's  decentralized  Superfund contracting  strategy.
The  program  is   placing   special   emphasis  on  efforts  to  recruit  properly
qualified  personnel  and  to  provide for the  intense and  specialized training
needs of Superfund  employees.  Increased efforts are also  underway  in the area
of  information  resources management   to  efficiently  respond  to  increasing
program demands for staff support.

1988 Accomplishments                                                 .

     In  1988,  the  Agency obligated a  total of  $3,250,800  supported  by 89.3
total workyears for this program,  all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund  appropriation.  These resources  provided  a full  complement of admin-
istrative management services to the regional Superfund program.


HAZARDOUS  SUBSTANCE CONTRACTS AND GRANTS MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS

1990 Program

     The Agency   requests a  total   of  $10,281,200  supported  by   124.6  total
workyears  for  this  program,  all of which will be  for  the Hazardous  Substance
Superfund  appropriation.  This represents  an increase  of  $750,000 and 15 total
workyears  over the  1989 program.  However,  the  total dollar  and workyear level
is  an  increase as  the program  element is new  in  1990.   This  increase will
continue to effectively award and actively manage rapidly increasing numbers of
contracts  as  well as assure quality control  over  contracts with  increasingly
high obligation amounts.   The  increased resources  will provide  more  effective
assistance  and  contracts management through  greater  outreach  to  the regions
and  states;   ensure  a  more  aggressive  Superfund  cost-recovery  documentation
effort;  support   more  oversight,   training  and  technical  assistance to  our
federal  partners;  and develop and  refine policy  guidance and  procedures  for
more complex  procurement  needs and cooperative and interagency  agreements  and
new grant programs.

1989 Program

     Resources for  this  program resided in Hazardous  Substance Administrative
Management - Headquarters in 1989.
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1988 Accomplishments

     Resources for  this  program resided  in  Hazardous  Substance Administrative
Management - Headquarters in 1988.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTRACTS AND GRANTS MANAGEMENT - REGIONS

1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a total  of  $1,932,000 supported by  46.0 total work-
years  for  this  program,  all  of  which will  be  for  the Hazardous  Substance
Superfund appropriation.  This  represents  an increase  of $950,000 and 19 total
workyears over the  1989  program.  However, the  total dollar  and workyear level
is an increase as the program element is new in 1990.  This increase will allow
the Agency to staff  the  Regional Contracting Officer Program.   These workyears
will  provide  the Regional  Superfund  program  offices  with  procurement  and
contracts management support for the remedial and removal programs.  The grants
increase will  be  used  to  effectively  award,  administer  and manage  complex
Superfund cooperative  and interagency agreements and  grants for  emergency and
remedial   response   activities.      Special   emphasis   will   be  placed   on
accountability and ensuring that every Superfund assistance award complies with
regulatory and policy requirements.

1989 Program

     Resources for  this  program resided  in  Hazardous  Substance Administrative
Management-Regions in 1989.                '

1988 Accomplishments

     Resources for  this  program resided  in  Hazardous  Substance Administrative
Management-Regions in 1988.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPPORT SERVICES - HEADQUARTERS

1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of $32,996,900 for this program, all of which
will be  for  the  Hazardous Substance Superfund  Appropriation.   This represents
an  increase  of  $2,549,200 from 1989.    The  increase  reflects  the additional
management and  support  required for  the  operation of an expanding  Hazardous
Substance Response program.  These resources  will  fund the Hazardous  Substance
Response  program's   share of  Headquarters  and Agencywide  costs  and  support
enhanced program  systems  modernization.   These  costs will include:  facilities
rental,  Federal  Telecommunications   System,   revisions  and   development  of
Information  systems, utilities,  local  telephone service,  printing and copying,
postage, other  building  and  office services and  health and  safety  training.
This request also reflects the  transfer of $720,800 for basic  Support services
to  the  Inspector General Appropriation to implement the  new Inspector General
Act Amendments of 1988.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency  is allocating a total of $30,447,700 for this program,
all of which is  from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.   The

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resources fund  support  costs in Headquarters which  include  facilities rental,
FTS, utilities,  local telephone and other related services.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $22,750,000 for this program, all
of  which was  from  the  Hazardous  Substance  Superfund  appropriation.   These
resources were  the  Superfund programs'  share  of  the  Agency management  and
support costs needed to operate the Headquarters operation.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPPORT SERVICES - REGIONS

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of $14,965,500 for  this program, all of which
will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.   This represents a
decrease  of  $301,700  from  1989.   This  will  support  the  operation of  the
Hazardous Substance Response  program  and  will  cover  utilities,  local telephone
service, printing  and  copying,  minicomputer  operations,  equipment maintenance,
and all  other support  services related to the  Superfund program activities in
the Regions.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $15,267,200 for this program,
all of  which is  from  the Hazardous  Substance Superfund-  appropriation.   This
program is funding the same services that will be supported in 1990.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $15,084,300 for this program, all
of  which was from  the Hazardous  Substance  Superfund appropriation.    This
program funded the same services that will be supported in 1990.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE COMPUTER SERVICES

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of $10,279,800 for  this program, all of which
will be  for the Hazardous  Substance Superfund  appropriation.   This represents
an  increase of $3,032,100  which will  be used  to  support the  additional  ADP
requirements  for   the  Comprehensive  Environmental  Response,  Compensation  and
Liability  Information  System  (CERCLIS),  the   Superfund  contract  laboratory
program  data  systems that  support  the program.  These resources  will provide
centralized computing  services to the Hazardous  Substance Response Program by
the  Agency's  National  Computer  Center  in  Research  Triangle  Park,  North
Carolina.   These  funds  pay  a portion of  the  Center's  costs  for equipment,
telecommunications, software leases and maintenance  and facility operations.

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the Agency  is  allocating  $7,247,700 for  this program, all of
which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.  This amount re-
flects an increase in the  size and  use of Hazardous  Substance Response program
data bases.
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1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency obligated a  total  of  $5,872,200 for this program, all
of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.  The program
provided computer services to the Hazardous Substance Response program.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LEGAL SERVICES -  HEADQUARTERS

1990 Program Request

     In 1990, the Agency  requests a total  of  $816,000  supported by 12.0 total
workyears for this  program,  all  of  which will be for  the  Hazardous Substance
Superfund  appropriation.    This  represents  an  increase  of $60,000  and  an
increase  of  1.1 total  workyears  from  1989.    The   increases  will  support
resolution of appeals under the Freedom, of Information Act (FOIA).

     The  Office  of  General   Counsel  (OGC)   will  provide  legal  advice  and
consultation on matters related to the implementation of the Superfund program.
The  OGC will  support the  Agency's  promulgation of  rules, establishment  of
policy and preparation of guidance documents for program implementation of the
Superfund program.  This includes legal support to financial and administrative
operation of Superfund, including contract  law,  audits, cooperative agreements
and  FOIA.    The OGC  handles  Superfund  litigation  in  which the Agency  is  a
defendant.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the  Agency is allocating  a total of  $756,000 supported by 10.9
total workyears  for this program, all  of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund  appropriation.    The OGC  is  providing advice  and consultation  on
financial and administrative matters  such as  eligible  uses  of  the Fund; legal
guidance on program matters such  as  interpretation of  the statute, development
of  regulations,  and changes to  the  National Contingency Plan;  and defense  of
the Agency in any litigation brought against it concerning CERCLA.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency obligated a  total  of  $866,600 supported by 10.0 total
workyears  for   this  program,   all of  which was  from  the  Hazardous  Substance
Superfund appropriation.   The  OGC provided legal guidance  in  program matters
such as statutory interpretation, development of response priorities, review of
proposed  regulatory  actions,  and defense of  the  Agency where  litigation had
been brought against it concerning CERCLA.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LEGAL SERVICES -  REGIONS       .  .

1990 Program Request

     In 1990, the Agency requests a total of $1,162,800 supported by 25.9 total
workyears for this  program,  all  of  which will be for  the  Hazardous Substance
Superfund Appropriation.   This represents no change from 1989.

     The Offices of Regional Counsel will provide legal advice and consultation
on  matters   related  to  the implementation of  the  Superfund  program  to  the
Regional  Administrators,   Regional  Superfund  managers  and  State  agencies.
Principal activities  will be  the defense  of  the Agency in CERCLA litigation

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filed against it, participation  in  formal  administrative  proceeding,  review of
state cooperative agreements,  activities relating to  access by the  public to
EPA  held  information,  development  of . the  administrative  record  for  the
selection of  cleanup remedies,  legal  support to program  response  activities,
and the  provision of a wide variety  of legal counsel and  advice  to  Regional,
state and local program officials.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating  a total  of $1,162,800 supported by 25.9
total workyears for  this program, all of which  is from the Hazardous  Substance
Superfund Appropriation.   The  Offices  of  Regional Counsel  will continue to
represent the Agency in regional defensive  litigation concerning Superfund.  In
addition, the  Offices of  Regional Counsel  will provide  legal assistance by
reviewing state  cooperative  agreements  for  legal sufficiency;  advising state
agencies regarding the legal requirements of the Superfund program;  determining
eligible uses  of  the Fund; and  advising on the treatment  of  requests  for EPA
held information.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency obligated  a  total  of $949,900 supported by 25.1 total
workyears for  this  program,  all  of which  was  from  the  Hazardous  Substance
Superfund appropriation.   The  Offices  of  Regional Counsel  provided  EPA and
state agencies  with legal advice and  consultation  on matters  related  to the
implementation of CERCLA.  Principal  activities  of  the Offices of the Regional
Counsel  included  the  conduct   of  defensive   litigation,  legal   review  of
cooperative agreements with states  for  site  cleanup, and  general legal support
to the Superfund program in the Regions.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE  - OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $10,316,900  supported  by  67.8  total
workyears for  this  program,  all  of which  will  be activities  in the  Office of
the Inspector  General appropriation  that  were  transferred  from the  Hazardous
Substance Superfund  appropriation.  This represents  an increase of  $3,420,800
and  15  total   workyears   in  support   of  the  Inspector  General's  statutory
requirements from the  Superfund reauthorization, additional  critically needed
audits,  and  support costs  such as rent,  telecommunications,  and  ADP.    As  a
result  of   recently  enacted  legislation,  the   OIG  now   has   a   separate
appropriation which  necessitates billing  Superfund for  staff  support  costs.
The  OIG  will   expand  its  program  of  external audits  performed  by  public
accounting firms  and other Government  agencies  as  well as provide  additional
but limited  internal audit coverage  to examine  the economy,  efficiency,  and
effectiveness of  the Fund's management.  The OIG will continue to  investigate
referrals of suspected  criminal  activity  with  high  potential for  criminal
prosecution.   Also,   investigative resources will enable the Office of Inspector
General to identify  and  eliminate situations which  create  the opportunity for
fraud and abuse.

1989 Program
                                                                               I
     In  1989,  the Agency  is  allocating a  total $6,896,100 supported  by 52.8
total workyears for  this program, all of which  is from the Hazardous.Substance
Superfund  appropriation.    These   resources  enable  the  Office of  Inspector

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General to continue meeting the statutory requirements placed on it by Congress
in  the  Superfund reauthorization.    These  annual   requirements  include  (1)
auditing payments, obligations, reimbursements or other uses  of the funds;  (2)
examining a sample of agreements with States carrying out response actions;  (3)
examining remedial  investigations and  feasibility  studies;   (4)  reviewing  the
Administrator's status report on  all remedial and enforcement actions;  and  (5)
reviewing the Administrator's estimate of the amount of resources necessary  for
EPA to complete the  implementation of  its  Superfund  responsibilities.   The  DIG
will  also  continue  its  program  of  external  audits  performed  by  public
accounting  firms  and  other Government  audit agencies  as well  as operate  a
limited  internal  audit  program  to  examine  the   economy,   efficiency,  and
effectiveness  of  the  Fund's management.    It  will  investigate  referrals  of
suspected criminal  activity with high  potential for criminal  prosecution  and
develop  and present training  for    the  identification  of  deficiencies  and
indicators of wrong-doing.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the Agency obligated a  total of  $6,285,100  supported  by 52.6
workyears  for  this  program, all  of which  was from the Hazardous  Substance
Superfund appropriation.   During  1988,  the Office of Inspector General issued
86 audit reports  on  the  Fund.   Internal audits  focused on: improvements to  the
management  and  performance  of  State   cooperative   agreements;   the  Agency's
accounting for Superfund  costs, receivables  and  property;  and the propriety of
EPA's  payments  to  technical  support  contractors  for  non-technical  work.
Superfund  audits  questioned   and  set  aside   almost   $300   million,, of  the
approximately  $2.7   billion  audited.    Investigative efforts  resulted  in  the
identification of several major schemes in connection with cleanup actions that
are being pursued for both criminal and civil prosecution.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE  - OFFICE OF POLICY. PLANNING AND EVALUATION

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of $3,433,500   supported  by  12.8  total
workyears for  this  program, all  of  which will be for  the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.   This  represents no change in total  dollars and no
change in total workyears from 1989.

     The Office of Policy Analysis (OPA) will continue policy development and
analysis of effects  of  the  revised National  Contingency Plan (NCP) on program/
enforcement  implementation  under the  Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization
Act  (SARA)  of  1986.    It  will  remain involved in the development, review,  and
analysis  of policy  proposals,  including  extensive workgroup  participation;
assist the Regions and  the  program  (OSWER) with incorporating risk information
into Superfund selection of remedy decisions; develop a data base of Records of
Decision  and  other  documents  to serve  as  a  repository of  risk and other
technical/policy types of information;  and analyze the use and effectiveness of
institutional  controls at  Superfund  sites.    With   the  Office  of  Management
Systems and Evaluation (OMSE), OPA will undertake a comprehensive review of the
Superfund program in order to assess a program planning and implementation.

     The Office  of  Standards  and Regulations  (OSR)  will continue  to  provide
statistical support  to  the  program office, designing statistical methodologies
for  Superfund  site  characterization and developing  guidelines  for evaluating
attainment  of  standards  in additional  media  at  disposal  sites.     In  the
information policy  area,  OSR will initiate  development  of expert-system based

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electronic data collection  instruments which will  replace  currently used paper
forms, build  in data  quality and control, and  provide data  in  an electronic
medium  readily   transferred  to  program  office  data   bases.     Regulatory
innovations  will  target  greater  participation  by  potentially  responsible
parties (PRPs) and states in clean-ups,  increased use of innovative technology,
and consideration of wetland restoration by PRPs through mitigation banks.

     OMSK will  continue to  conduct  management  reviews  of several  states  and
Regions to determine how best to oversee the hazardous waste programs.  Program
evaluation studies  will include  public  involvement in selection of Superfund
remedies  and  state  roles  in  Superfund.    OMSE  will  continue its  studies  of
Superfund implementation --  with a focus on evaluation of steps  taken to deal
with problems previously identified by OMSE and other groups.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is  allocating  a  total of  $3,433,500  supported by 12.8
total workyears for  this program,  all of  which is  from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.

     OPA  is   concentrating   on  policy  development  as the  Superfund  program
implements the  1986 amendments  and the  revised  NCP.   It is working  on  the
development,   review,  and  analysis  of  policy  proposals,  including  extensive
workgroup participation;  conducting comprehensive  analysis  of Superfund risk
data; assisting  the  Regions in implementing risk  assessment  methodologies  and
decision-making  processes;  evaluating  the impact  of  the  amendments and  the
revised NCP on  remedy  decisions  and analyzing the  role of states and citizens
in the Superfund process as an adjunct to OMSE studies.

     OSR  continues  development  of  statistical  guidance   for  determining
attainment of cleanup  standards  at Superfund sites,  support for enforcement of
Superfund  site  cleanup,  and  statistical  consultation  on complex  or  unique
problems.      OSR's   ongoing  efforts  to   develop   innovative  approaches   to
implementation  of   Superfund  include   application   of   alternative  dispute
resolution to expedite Superfund settlements  and  fostering innovative cleanup
technologies.

     OMSE is working with OSWER  to identify and  study Superfund implementation
issues to provide options for overcoming  obstacles to effective implementation
of the Superfund program.   The Superfund  Indicators Demonstration Project will
continue  with  focus  groups  including  the public,  the   Congress,   and  other
interest groups to test the  usefulness  of measures for communicating progress.
OMSE  evaluation  studies   include  identifying   and   overcoming  managerial,
organizational,  and  institutional  factors that adversely  affect implementation
of the Superfund  program.   OMSE also will  study the  feasibility  of evaluating
EPA's efforts to improve states'  ability to deal with hazardous waste sites.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the Agency  obligated a  total   of $4,315,500  supported by 11.7
total workyears for this program, all of which was  from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.

     OPA  identified  and  analyzed major  Superfund  implementation policy  and
regulatory issues.   It  promoted  a  balanced review  of all  statutory criteria in
selection of Superfund  remedies  toward  getting prompt  action  at sites;  greater
use of multi-media  risk assessment  methods for  setting priorities  and  making
clean-up decisions;  and risk communication and citizen participation.


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     OSR administered  EPA's internal review  and analysis process  and insured
compliance  with Executive Orders, legislated  requirements and the  Paperwork
Reduction Act.   Its statistical activities involved  Superfund enforcement and
implementation  of  statistically valid  Data  Quality  Objectives  as  well  as
continuing  development  of  sampling methods  and guidance  for  determining when
cleanup  standards  have been met at Superfund  sites.   Regulatory innovations
included investigation  of the  applicability of wetlands  mitigation banking to
Superfund sites located in wetlands.

     OMSE  developed a  series  of  environmental  indicators  for  the  Superfund
program  based  primarily on current data available  from remedial  and removal
actions.   Program  evaluation activities  included a study  that identified ways
of  streamlining the  process EPA  uses  to  add  hazardous waste  sites  to  the
National Priority List for  the  Superfund program.

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total of  $1,064,000  "supported  by  13.9  total
workyears  for  this program, all  of which  will be for  the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.  This  represents an increase of $120,000 and 2.0 total
workyears  from  1989.    These   increases  reflect  the  management  and  support
required  for  an  expanding Hazardous   Substance  Response  program,  such  as
improved accounting procedures  for  cost  recovery,  Superfund settlement issues,
and internal  controls  for  Superfund finances.   These  resources  will  support:
the preparation of  the  Agency's  budget submissions  to the Office of Management
and Budget  (OMB) and Congress;  response to  Congressional inquires; analysis and
review of major  issues  concerning workload  and  pricing models; and analysis of
ongoing  resource  issues related to  the  operation and  management of the Trust
Fund.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $944,000 and 11.9 total work-
years for  this program, all of  which  is  from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation.     These  resources   support  the  ongoing  budget  activities;
responses to Congressional  inquires and analysis of ongoing resource issues.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency obligated a total  of $843,500 and 10.7 total workyears
for  this program,  all of  which was  from  the  Hazardous  Substance  Superfund
appropriation.  The Office  of  the Comptroller coordinated and prepared the OMB
and Congressional budget submissions, responded to Congressional  inquiries, and
provided fund  oversight activities  including ongoing  resource  reviews for the
Superfund  program.    In addition,  the  program  conducted in-house  studies  on
site-specific charging.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS

1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of $202,500 supported  by  3.0 total workyears
for  this  office, all  of  which will be  for the Hazardous  Substance Superfund
appropriation.    This   represents  no  change in  total  dollars  and in  total

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workyears from 1989.  The Office of External Affairs (OEA) will continue to use
existing, and  develop new,  communication  vehicles to exchange  information on
acute  hazardous,   National   Priority   List  (NPL)  site  activity,  emergency
planning, chemical  release information, and enforcement  activity.   The Office
will  also continue  to work closely with the Regions  and  newly  established
emergency response  commissions  and  local  emergency  planning committees,  and
other citizen  groups  in site activities.   OEA  will assist Federal  agencies in
addressing and documenting over  3,000 sites'in  an EPA Federal agency hazardous
waste docket, as well as prepare guidance and technical assistance documents to
assess sites  in the  docket  and,  if  listed on the NPL,  to  begin  remediation
efforts.

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the Agency  is allocating $202,500  and 3.0  total  workyears for
this  office,  all   of  which  is  from   the   Hazardous  Substance  Superfund
appropriation.   In 1988, OEA is supporting the regions and assisting states and
localities with plans to respond to chemical emergencies. The Office is playing
a  critical  role  in  exchanging  information with  local  health  professionals,
public safety  officials, local government  and State government officials.   The
Office is assisting in the development of  Section 120 implementation guidance
and  policies  related  to  Federal  sites  and  is  playing  an active   role  in
assisting agencies in meeting SARA requirements.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  19.88,  the Agency obligated a total  of  $111,600  supported by 1.8 total
workyears,   all   of   which   was  from  the  Hazardous   Substance  Superfund
appropriation.    The  Office  coordinated the  identification  of  inactive sites
with other Federal  agencies;  provided a wide variety of communication support,
including  the  development of  fact  sheets and  publications;  and worked  on
information exchange with1 State and local governments.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - EXECUTIVE OFFICES

1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of $401,000 supported  by 1.0 total workyears
for  this program,  all  of which  is  for  the  Superfund appropriation.   This
represents no  change  from 1989.   This program  will provide support  to the
National  Environmental Service  Officer  (NESO)  located  within  the Office  of
Regional Operations.  The NESO will conduct management reviews of Environmental
Services Division (ESDs); develop Headquarters guidance to ensure efficiency in
the  utilization  of  resources   and   improved  planning/procurement  system;
represent  ESDs  in  the  Superfund  program  planning  and  budget  activities
including workload model development;  ensure Superfund policies are effectively
communicated to  ESDs;  schedule  and  convene quarterly ESDs  conferences;  plan,
schedule  and convene  meetings  of the  Superfund  Analytical  Services  Advisory
Committee; evaluate options for securing the most effective lab support"to meet
Superfund goals; and review ESD lab capabilities and their cost effectiveness.

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the Agency  is allocating a  total  of $401,000  supported by 1.0
total workyear  for  this program, all of which  is  in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.   The NESO provides  the  ESD's with  Headquarters policy guidance,
oversight, and management  support, in areas affecting both ESDs  and Superfund;

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their cooperation and participation in meeting  the  objectives  of the Superfund
program in the identification of hazardous waste sites and in the management of
any potential  risks  from these  sites. The NESO performs analyses  of critical
Superfund  projects  such  as  workload models,  quality  assurance and  quality
control  roles,  sample   and   site   tracking,   resource   accountability,   data
usability tracking, laboratory demand, sample analysis options,  and analytical
costs; and develops a  national equipment planning  and procurement  process for
ESDs to meet Superfund and other Agency needs.

1988 Accomplishments

     No resources were requested in FY 1988.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE -  OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT  - LAB SUPPORT

1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of $450,000  for  this  program, all  of  which
will be for  the  Hazardous Substance Superfund  appropriation.   This represents
an  increase  of  $200,000.    These  resources will  provide  essential  support
services for remote Office of Research and Development (ORD)  laboratories which
perform research in the  hazardous  substances area.    These resources will fund
such  items  as facilities operation and  maintenance, utilities  and equipment
operations,  rental  costs,  and  other  non-personnel   support   costs that  are
essential  for  the  operation  and maintenance of  ORD's  remote  laboratories  in
support of Superfund research.   This increase  reflects,  the  increased costs of
operation for non-personnel support.

1989 Program

     In 1989,  the  Agency is  allocating  a total of $250,000 for this program.
all of which is  from  the Hazardous Substance  Superfund  appropriation.   These
resources  provide  for the  essential services  as  described  above,  which are
required  to  operate  and  maintain ORD's  remote  laboratories  in   support  of
Superfund research.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency  obligated  $215,900  for this  program,  all of which was
from  the  Hazardous  Substance  Superfund  appropriation.   This  funding provided
the essential  ORD laboratory support services  associated  with  the Superfund
research program.
                               14-76

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C
to

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents

                                                                        Page

LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS                                      15-1

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   LUST Technical Support. .  .  .  ... .  .	.  .  15-4
      Environmental Engineering and Technology 	  15-6
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
   LUST Guidelines and Implementation	15-8
ENFORCEMENT
   LUST Enforcement - Office of Enforcement and Compliance
     Monitoring	  15-11
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
   Management and Support	15-13
      Policy and Analysis - Office of Policy, Planning and
        Evaluation 	 ........  15-15
      Administrative Management - Headquarters .  .  .... .  .  .  . .  .  15-16
      Administrative Management - Regions	  15-16
      Legal Services - Office of General  Counsel	15-17

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                                            LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
APPROPRIATION
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
 Leaking Underground
 Storage Tanks

TOTAL,  Leaking.Underground
       Storage Tanks
$41,749.7  $50,000.0  $52,325.9 $100,000.0   $47,674.1
$41,749.7  $50,000.0  $52,325.9 $100,000.0   $47,674.1
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
     65.5       82.6       82.6       91.3         8.7
     72.9       90.0       90.0       91.3         1.3
$13,838.0  $31,820.0  $31,820.0  $43,260.0   $11,440.0
The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA)
of 1986, extablished the Leaking Underground Storage
Tanks Trust Fund and authorizes a total of $500,000,000
to be appropriated to this fund from 1987 to 1991.
                                       15-1

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                  LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
     The goal of Subtitle I of the Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965, as amended
by the  Superfund  Amendments  and Reauthorization Act of  1986,  is to assure the
timely  and  appropriate  remediation  of  leaking  underground  storage  tanks
containing petroleum.   The  Leaking Underground Storage  Tank  (LUST) Trust Fund
is to  be  used by  states  to  provide enforcement and oversight  of responses by
tank  owners  and  operators  who  have  primary responsibility  for  cleaning up
leaks,  and to  directly remediate sites that  are  abandoned or where the owners
and operators are unwilling or unable to respond.

     The Agency's strategy is to encourage the development of comprehensive and
permanent  LUST programs  in all  the  states  and  territories.    State  program
responsibilities  include  conducting  site  investigations  when  the  initial
report  of  a  leak   is   received,   taking  emergency   response  actions  when
appropriate,  ensuring adequate owner and  operator  response at as many sites as
possible,   taking  response action  when owner and  operator response  cannot be
obtained,   and  recovering Trust  Fund  monies  spent on  response actions.   The
Agency  provides national  program direction,  guidance,  and technical support to
support these state activities through cooperative agreements.

     This  is  a period of transition for the state LUST programs from initial
program development   to  full response  and  enforcement  capabilities.   States
have  inventoried  thousands  of  leaking tanks, many  of which are  now awaiting
response.    The last  of  the  regulations  have been  promulgated and  will take
effect  in  January, 1989.   The leak  detection requirements are  being phased in
beginning with the oldest tanks  --  the population most likely to leak.  Due to
these requirements, the  demand  on state LUST programs  is expected to increase
substantially.  In support of strong,  effective state  programs,  Agency efforts
will  focus  on (1) enhancing and  expanding  state programs;  (2)  strengthening
enforcement capabilities; (3) expanding state response  capacity;  (4) providing
national  direction  and  scientific  support;  and  (5)  providing  management
support.

Enhance and Expand State Programs

     The  Agency's  implementation  concept  is   based  on  the  private-sector
"franchise" model.   Under  this  model, the Agency seeks to build  and enhance
state program capabilities.   Using the performance appraisal system, the Agency
will  identify  areas where program improvements  can be  made and will work with
the states to  provide the technical assistance and  training  needed.   Based on
the  results  of  these  evaluations,  the  Agency  will   develop  and  distribute
practical  tools  for  states  and  local  governments.  The  Agency  will also fund
Targeted Improvement  Projects (TIPs)  to  improve  state  performance  and,  after
evaluating the projects, will disseminate the results on a nationwide basis.

     As the  workload  increases,  with  the  phasing in  of leak  detection,  the
Agency  will  work  with  states   to  expand  their   enforcement,  oversight,  and
response capabilities.  In the few states  with  new programs,  the emphasis will
remain  on  basic  program  development.   The Agency will also assist  states to
develop funding mechanisms to provide  ongoing and consistent  funding for state
LUST programs.
                                15-2

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Strengthen Enforcement Capabilities

     Enforcement  of  the LUST  program  encompasses  both voluntary and  non-
voluntary compliance by  owners and  operators.   Voluntary compliance is the key
to successful implementation as the costs  of addressing the  number of expected
leaks will greatly exceed available Federal  and state resources.   To this end,
states  must  be  able  to enlist  the cooperation  of  thousands  of  owners  and
operators to perform response actions at their own sites, as well as to provide
them oversight  and technical assistance.   Formal enforcement actions  will be
used to compel response actions by recalcitrant owners and operators.

     The Agency  will evaluate and  develop tools to  improve  states ability to
achieve timely reporting and response by owners and operators.   Regional legal
staff will provide technical assistance for state enforcement activities.

Expand State Response Capacity

     The   lack   of   commercial   insurance   and  other   financial  assurance
mechanisms for  many  categories  of  businesses  has  led to  the  phasing  in of
financial  responsibility requirements  over  a  two-year  period.    During this
interim period,  owners and operators of small facilities may not be financially
able to undertake response actions at their sites.  In order to address threats
to the environment, states will be required to continue to take direct response
actions at many of these sites and at abandoned sites.

Provide National Direction and Scientific Support

     The Agency's role is to provide national program direction and communicate'
clear priorities  to  states  implementing the program.   EPA will issue guidance
and provide direction for all phases of response and enforcement activity.  The
Agency will also provide technical  support focusing on low-cost approaches for
assessing site  contamination and  for evaluating various response technologies.

Provide Management Support

     As the program  develops and  the policies and procedures of the Trust Fund
are established, the Agency will continue to provide full support in management
and  administrative  services to  program operations.    Agency support  will be
provided in  personnel,  budgeting,  financial  management,  contracts and grants,
legal advice and state program planning  and evaluation to ensure effective and
efficient program operations.

Consulting Services

     Consulting services will be  used to evaluate several state management and
administrative systems,  including grants  administration  and recordkeeping, to
determine areas where  the processes can  be improved.   Input of consultants may
be  sought  as the  Agency continues  to develop  policies to  implement  the LUST
Trust Fund.  In  addition, technical assistance  will be provided by consultants
in   specialized  areas  such   as   site  assessment   and   corrective  action
technologies and may include some training of state personnel.
                                15-3

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Research and
Development

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents


                                                                        Page

LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS                                      15-1

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
   LUST Technical Support.	  .  .  	 15-4
      Environmental Engineering arid Technology	 15-6

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                                     LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (LUST)
                                               LUST Technical Support
                                ACTUAL    ENACTED
                                 1988      1989
                                                      CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                                     ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology
 Leaking Underground
 Storage Tanks
                       TOTAL
                                 $749.3     $770.0     $770.0     $773.6

                                 $749.3     $770.0     $770.0     $773.6
TOTAL:
 Leaking Underground
 Storage Tanks
                                 $749.3     $770,0     $770.0     $773.6


LUST Technical Support TOTAL     $749.3     $770.0     $770.0     $773.6
                                 $3.6

                                 $3.6



                                 $3.6


                                 $3.6
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
                                    1.7
                                    1.7
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology

TOTAL WORKYEARS
                                    1.9
                                    i.9
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
                                      15-4

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                       LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
                        Principle Outputs  by Objective
Objective 1:   Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund Technical Support.
  90:   o    Report on Soil  Washing  and In-situ Soil  Flushing  Demonstrations
             (Engineering)
        o    Technical Assistance Document on Corrective Action on Contaminated
             Soils at  LUST  Sites (Engineering)
        o    Technical   Document    on   the   Identification   of
             Innovative/Alternative   Corrective  Action   Technologies
             (Engineering)

1989:   o    Development  of a  Technology  Transfer  Seminar on LUST  Corrective
             Action Technology  (Engineering)

1988:   o    Performance  Evaluation Report  of  a Vacuum Extraction  Technology
             (Engineering)
        o    Report on Corrective Action Guidance (Engineering)
                               15-5

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                 LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST) TRUST FUND


                               LUST Technical Support
Budget Request
     The Agency  requests  a total of $773,600 supported  by 2.0 total workyears
for 1990, all of which  will  be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST)
Trust Fund.  This  represents an increase of $3,600 in funding and no change in
total  workyears  for 1990.    The  increase in  funding  will  cover  increased
personnel and support costs.

Program Objectives

     This  program  provides  technical  support  to Federal,  state,   and  local
agencies implementing  the Leaking  Underground  Storage Tank (LUST)  Trust Fund
program.

     Objective  1:    Leaking Underground  Storage  Tank  Trust Fund  Technical
Support.    This  activity  provides  technical   support   to   the   Office  of
Underground  Storage  Tanks   (OUST),  Regions,   states,   and   local  agencies
implementing the LUST  Trust Fund  program.   This  work contributes  to ensuring
the selection of the best available site assessment  and cleanup procedures by
responsible authorities.


ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of $773,600 supported  by 2.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank
Trust Fund.  This  represents an increase of $3,600  in funding and no increase
in total workyears.

     Leaking Underground   Storage  Tank  Trust  Fund  Technical  Support.    This
program will evaluate selected cleanup technologies developed for petroleum and
hazardous  chemical  releases  and  demonstrate   them   at   LUST  sites.    These
evaluations play an  important  role  in  developing ORD's capabilities  to provide
technical  guidance   for   corrective  actions   at  LUST  sites.   Evaluations/
demonstrations will focus on soil washing and in-situ soil flushing techniques.

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the Agency  is allocating a  total of $770,000  supported by 2.0
total workyears  for this  program,  all of which  is  from the  LUST Trust  Fund.
The program  is  evaluating RCRA  and CERCLA  cleanup technologies  developed for
petroleum and hazardous chemical releases for  their  applicability to petroleum
leaks from  underground tanks.   Demonstrations  at LUST  sites are  also  being
conducted.    Case  studies  of  past  and  on-going corrective actions  are  being
performed  and   a  guidance  document  on  site  specific  procedures  for  cost-
effective corrective action  is being outlined.
                               15-6

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1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the  Agency obligated a total of  $749,300  supported by 1.9 total'
workyears  for  this program,  all  of  which was  from the LUST  Trust Fund.   A
full-scale field evaluation of a vacuum  extraction technology was initiated at
a LUST  site.   Collection and analysis of  an  initial data set,  including soil-
gas,  soil  and  ground  water  samples,   was  completed.    Results  indicated
significant  reductions   in  soil  contamination.    A project  was  initiated  to
identify the mechanisms  which control the  migration, retention, transformation
and remobilization of gasoline released from underground storage tanks.
                              15-7

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Abatement and
   Control

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents


                                                                        Page

LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS                                      15-1

ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
   LUST Guidelines and Implementation	 15-8

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                                     LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (LUST)
                                           Guidelines & Implementation
                                ACTUAL    ENACTED
                                 1988      1989
                               CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                              ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Guidelines &
Implementation
 Leaking Underground
 Storage Tanks
       $39,230.7  $46,292.1  $48,617.9  $96,300.7   $47,682.8

TOTAL  $39,230.7  $46,292.1  $48,617.9  $96,300.7   $47,682.8
TOTAL:
 Leaking Underground
 Storage Tanks

Guidelines &
Implementation
       $39,230.7  $46,292.1  $48,617.9  $96,300.7   $47,682.8


TOTAL  $39,230.7  $46,292.1  $48,617.9  $96,300.7   $47,682.8
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Guidelines &
Implementation

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
            51.4
            51.4
56.9
56.9
56.9
56.9
62.0
62.0
5.1
5.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Guidelines &
Implementation

TOTAL WORKYEARS
            56.0
            56.0
61.0
61.0
61.0
61.0
62.0
62.0
1.0
1.0
                                      15-8

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               LEAKING UNDERGROUND  STORAGE TANK  (LUST) TRUST  FUND

                      LUST Guidelines  and Implementation
Budget Request

     The  Agency  requests a  total  of  $96,300,700  supported by  62.0  total
workyears  for  the Leaking Underground Storage Tank  Trust  Fund appropriation.
This is an increase of $47,682,800 and 1.0 total workyear from 1989.


LUST GUIDELINES AND IMPLEMENTATION

1990 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests a  total  of  $96,300,700  supported by  62.0  total
workyears  for  1990  for  the  Leaking Underground  Storage  Tank  Trust  Fund
appropriation.    This  represents  an  increase of  $47,682,800  and  1.0  total
workyear  from  1989.   The  increases  will  provide  expanded  funding  of  state
cooperative agreements  in -response to  an expected backlog of sites  ready for
cleanup  and  increasing  discoveries  of  new  sites  as  a result  of  new  leak
detection requirements.

     In 1990,  the number of sites requiring  response actions will increase as
owners  and operators  install  leak  detection  devices and  procedures and  as
insurance  companies  require  testing   for  leaks  prior  to  issuing   insurance
policies.   States  will  conduct  site  investigations  based on  their priority
lists,  encourage  and  compel  responses by  owners  and operators,  and provide
oversight  of  these responses.   States will also  initiate  response actions at
abandoned sites and where the owners and operators are unwilling or financially
unable  'to respond.    LUST  Trust  Fund cooperative  agreements will  provide  a
significant level of resources to support these response efforts.

     The Agency will continue its comprehensive analysis of functions  and tasks
to  achieve improved  state  performance  in  such  areas as site  assessment and
response.  These are new fields where many technical  issues require resolution.
Other  areas  of  effort  will  include:   1)   developing  appropriate   follow-up
guidelines  for Trust  Fund Implementation;  2) evaluating  costs  of   response,
effectiveness of state enforcement, and the ability of states to recover funds;
and  3)  producing videos  and  brochures on a number of response  topics such as
site assessments and corrective action.

     EPA  will  continue  to  fund Targeted Improvement Projects  (TIPs).   These
projects will  allow  states  to address  specific implementation, enforcement,  or
administrative  problems.   The results  will  be evaluated and distributed oh a
nationwide basis.

     The  statute  requires  that Trust  Fund  funds  used  to respond 'to leaking
tanks be recovered where possible.  The number of states bringing cost recovery
actions will increase  in 1990.   The  Agency  legal staff will provide assistance
on cost recovery  issues  to the states.

     The Agency's major task in  the  development of  state  LUST  programs  is to
determine state needs and to  develop tools  to assist the states and localities
in implementing the  program.  Through  the program appraisal system and ongoing
communication,  EPA will  continue  working  with the states to provide innovative
solutions to technical and managerial problems.

                               15-9

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1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $48,617,900 supported by 61.0
total workyears,  all of  which  is  from the  Leaking Underground  Storage  Tank
Trust Fund appropriation.

     States  are  identifying  sites,  encouraging owners  and operators  to  take
needed response actions at their sites, and taking appropriate response actions
as  necessary.   They  are  also taking  enforcement  actions to compel  owner and
operator response.   A significant portion of these  efforts  are funded by LUST
Trust  Fund  cooperative  agreements.    The  Agency  will  maintain  a  limited
response capability to be used only in extreme emergencies.

     The Agency will  continue to negotiate new and  amend existing cooperative
agreements  with   states.    Based on  the  approved policy,  guidance  is  being
developed  on cost recovery  which allows  states  to  keep  recovered  LUST  Trust
Fund money to address additional sites.  EPA is also funding TIPs which allow a
state to address specific implementation or administrative problems.

     The Agency  has also  developed  an enforcement  strategy which  focuses  on
achieving  voluntary  compliance   and  promotes  the  use  of  innovative  formal
enforcement  techniques  to achieve non-voluntary compliance.  The  large number
of  tanks and facilities potentially requiring response  mandates a streamlining
of  traditional  enforcement  procedures.    Although  the  states have  primary
enforcement  responsibility,  the Agency  is  prepared to take a limited number of
enforcement  actions.

     EPA  is  also  continuing to  implement an outreach  program to  inform the
states, the  regulated community, and  the  public  of the  risks  associated with
leaking tanks  and the responsibility  of  owners  and operators  to  manage  these I
risks.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the Agency  obligated  a  total  of  $39,230,700 supported by 56.0
total workyears,  all of  which was from  the  Leaking Underground  Storage Tank
Trust Fund appropriation.

     The Agency  oversaw  the  development  and  implementation of state response
programs and provided technical  assistance  to states  that needed  to develop
cooperative  agreements  to  enter the  program, and  helped  prepare   states  to
undertake  emergency  responses.   Agency oversight included  the examination of
state programs,  procedures,  and mechanisms for addressing releases,  including
appropriate  program and fiscal systems.

     The Agency developed  an innovative policy statement and strategy for cost
recovery  under  the  LUST  Trust  Fund  program which  allows   states  to  keep
recovered  money  to address  other sites.   Policies  and  procedures for Federal
responses  in emergency cases were finalized.

     The  states  have undertaken 16,630 site  investigations,  1,750  emergency
responses  and 4,425  enforcement  actions  in  1988.   In addition, states  have
provided  oversight for or have  initiated longer-term  response actions  at  a
total of 8,050 sites.
                               15-10

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Enforcement

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990 Budget Estimate

                              Table of Contents


                                                                        Page

LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS                                      15-1

ENFORCEMENT
   LUST Enforcement - Office of Enforcement and Compliance
     Monitoring	 15-11

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LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (LUST)
             LUST Enforcement


PROGRAM
LUST Legal Enforcement
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks
LUST Enforcement TOTAL
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
LUST Legal Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
LUST Legal Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 1989 ESTIMATE 1990 DECREASE -
1989 1990 VS 1989
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

$132.0 $255.0 $255.7 $270.3 $14.6
$132.0 $255.0 $255.7 $270.3 $14.6
$132.0 $255.0 $255.7 $270.3 $14.6
$132.0 $255.0 $255.7 $270.3 $14.6

1.8 4.5 4.5 5.6 1.1
1.8 4.5 4.5 5.6 1.1

2.8 5.6 5.6 5.6
2.8 5.6 5.6 5.6
  15-11

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              LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK  (LUST) TRUST FUND


                               LUST Enforcement
Budget Request

     The Agency requests a total of  $270,300  supported by 5.6 total workyears,
all of  which Is  for the LUST  Trust Fund  appropriation.   This  represents an
increase of $14,600.
LUST LEGAL ENFORCEMENT - OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE MONITORING

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of  $270,300  supported by 5.6 total workyears,
all  of  which  is  for the  Leaking Underground Storage  Tank Trust  Fund appro-
priation.  This represents  an  increase  of $14,600 in salaries and expenses for
increased personnel  and support  costs,  but no  change in  the  total workyears
from 1989.

     The  primary  workload  for  Regional legal enforcement  staff in  1990  will
shift from the  intense  involvement  in state cooperative agreement negotiations
to  guidance   and   technical assistance  for  the  implementation of  new  LUST
programs in those states with signed cooperative agreements.  Coordination with
states  and  headquarters  will  be required to  ensure  uniform  implementation,
particularly  regarding  issues  of financial viability  of  owner/operators,  cost
recovery, and use of enforcement actions.

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the Agency  is allocating a  total  of $255,700 supported by 5.6
total workyears for  this program, all of which  is from the Leaking Underground
Storage Tank Trust Fund appropriation.

     Legal efforts 'are  concentrated primarily  on developing  and  negotiating
cooperative agreements with the states.   Owner/operators  generally provide the
lead  in response  actions  for  releases  from  leaking  tanks.   States may  take
response  and  enforcement  actions,   governed by  the  cooperative  agreements
negotiated with EPA, which  give states  authority to determine the need for and
type of response actions.  The Agency maintains a backup response capability to
be used only  in the  event  of a major public health emergency and when no state
authority  or  owner/operator  is  available  to  respond  in  a  timely  manner.
Regional  legal  staff will  issue  and follow through on enforcement orders and
pursue cost recovery if required.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the  Agency obligated a total of  $132,000 supported by 2.8 total
workyears for the Leaking  Underground  Storage  Tank Trust  Fund appropriation.
Initial  efforts  focused on assisting states in  understanding the  new legis-
lation and in developing and  negotiating  Trust Fund  cooperative  agreements.
                               15-12

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Management and
    Support

-------
                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1990  Budget  Estimate

                              Table of Contents
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS                                      15-1

MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
   Management and Support. ..... 	 15-13
      Policy and Analysis - Office of Policy, Planning and
        Evaluation		15-15
      Administrative Management - Headquarters .  .	 15-16
      Administrative Management - Regions	15-16
      Legal Services - Office of General Counsel	'..... 15-17

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                                     LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (LUST)
                                              LUST Management & Support

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989      ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PROGRAM
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Policy & Analysis -
Office of Policy,
Planning & Evaluation
 Leaking Underground
 Storage Tanks
Administrative
Management - Office of
Administration &
Resources Management.
 Leaking Underground
 Storage Tanks
Legal Services - Office
of General Counsel
 Leaking Underground
 Storage Tanks
TOTAL:
 Leaking Underground
 Storage Tanks

LUST Management &
Support
                       TOTAL
$283.1

$283.1
$310.0

$310.0
$310.0

$310.0
$276.9

$276.9
•$33.1

•$33.1

TOTAL

TOTAL

TOTAL
$1,228.1
$1,228.1
$126.5
$126.5
$1,637.7
$1,637.7
$2,088.8
$2,088.8
$284.1
$284.1
$2,682.9
$2,682.9
$2,087.5
$2,087.5
$284.8
$284.8
$2,682.3
$2,682.3
$2,079.2
$2,079.2
$299.3
$299.3
$2.655.4
$2,655.4
-$8.3
-$8.3
$14.5
$14.5
-$26.9
-$26.9
                                      15-13

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                                     LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
                                              LUST Management & Support

                                ACTUAL    ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1988      1989     ' ESTIMATE      1990     DECREASE -
                                                       1989               1990 VS 1989
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Policy & Analysis -
Office of Policy,
Planning & Evaluation

Administrative
Management - Office of
Administration &
Resources Management

Legal Services - Office
of General Counsel

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
  .3
 8.2
 2.1
10.6
 1.0
14.0
 4.2
19.2
 1.0
14.0
 4.2
19.2
  .3
16.0
-.7
2.0
 5.4 K '      1.2
21.7
2.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Policy & Analysis -
Office of Policy,
Planning & Evaluation

Administrative
Management - Office of
Administration &
Resources Management

Legal Services - Office
of General Counsel
  .6
 8.3
 3.3
 1.0
15.0
 5.4
 1.0
15.0
 5.4
  .3
16.0
 5.4
-.7
1.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
12.2
21.4
21.4
21.7
 .3
                                      15-14

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               LEAKING UNDERGROUND  STORAGE TANK  (LUST) TRUST FUND


                          LUST Management and  Support


Budget Request

     The  Agency  requests  a total  of  $2,655,400  supported  by  21.7  total
workyears for  1990,  all  of  which  will be for  the Leaking Underground Storage
Tank Trust  Fund appropriation.   This  represents a decrease of  $26,900 and an
increase of .3 total workyears from 1989.


POLICY AND ANALYSIS - OFFICE OF POLICY. PLANNING AND EVALUATION

1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of $276,900 supported  by 0.3 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank
Trust Fund appropriation.   This represents a decrease of $33,100 and a decrease
of  0.7   total  workyears  from  1989.    These decreases  reflect  the  shift  in
emphasis  from   policy  development,   led  by  the   policy  office  (OPA),   to
implementation led by the program office.

     OPA  will   continue   to  assist  the  program  in   developing  a  better
understanding  of the problem  created by  the  approximately  3,500,000 million
underground storage  tanks (USTs) exempt from UST requirements, as  well as to
assist the program office  in developing programs to  control this problem.  OPA
also  will  assist  states   in  developing  better  priority  setting  and  UST
classification  schemes,  and in  developing  tools to improve  corrective action
decisionmaking.    In each  of  these  areas,  OPA will  refine  the tools  and
methodologies  developed  in  1989  to  improve  their  usefulness  in  a different
state or  local setting,  expand upon their current applications  to include new
ones (e.g.,  from reactive  to proactive priority setting), and evaluate how best
to  implement,   deliver  and  distribute  these  to states  and  possibly  local
communities.

1989 Program

     In  1988,  the Agency  is allocating a total of  $310,000 supported by  1.0
total workyear  for  this program,  all,of which  is from  the Leaking Underground
Storage Tank Trust Fund appropriation.

     OPA  is   continuing   its   participation   on   two   workgroups--Financial
Responsibility  Requirements  (FRR)  for Petroleum USTs  and  FRRs  for  Chemical
USTs; and is  presently  assisting  the program  with  the  implementation of  the
Technical Standards  Rule.   With emphasis  shifting from policy  development to
implementation,  it is actively assisting the program office in the analysis and
evaluation  of  broad' regulatory  and  LUST Trust  Fund issues and is  playing an
active  role  in  the  development of  a report to Congress  on exempt  farm  and
heating  oil  tanks.   OPA  also  continues  to implement its  LUST  workplan, which
covers  a broad  set  of  issues.  These  include  ground-water protection issues,
such  as  analysis  of   class systems  and  corrective  action  decision-making
                                   15-15

-------
process;   and   implementation  analysis,   such  as   facilitating  risk-based
decisionmaking in  the  field and data/management tools for  state  UST Programs.
OPA also plans to initiate general policy studies,  including measuring the LUST
program's environmental results.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the  Agency  obligated a total of  $283,100  supported by 0.6 total
workyear  for  this  program,  all   of  which was from  the  Leaking Underground
Storage Tank Trust Fund appropriation.   With the resources,  OPA continued to
identify  and  analyze major  issues associated  with  the  implementation  of  the
LUST Trust Fund.
ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS

1990 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $1,200,200 supported by 9.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank
Trust Fund appropriation.  This represents a decrease of $174,100 and 1.0 total
workyear from 1989.  These resources will be used to provide support costs such
as  rent,  utilities,  security  and mail  operation  for the  LUST program  and
administrative  services,  such   as   contracts,   grants,   health  and  safety,
environmental compliance, personnel support,  and basic financial services such
as  processing  payroll  and  vouchers  and  producing accurate  financial  reports
will also be provided.

1989 Program

     In 1989, the Agency  is  allocating  a  total  of $1,374,300 supported by 10.0
total workyears for  this  program,  all of  which  is from the Leaking Underground
Storage Tank Trust  Fund  appropriation.   These  resources  are used  to  provide
support services,  financial  services  and administrative services as described
above.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988, the Agency obligated a total of $1,037,000 supported by 6.9 total
workyears,  all  of which  was from  the  Leaking  Underground  Storage  Tank Trust
Fund  appropriation.     These resources  provided  support  services,  financial
services and administrative services described above.
ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS

1990 Program Request                                         .

     The Agency  requests  a total of $879,000 supported  by 7.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank
Trust  Fund appropriation.   This  represents  an  increase  of $165,800  and 2.0
total  workyears  from  1989.    An  increase  in  workyears  will  support  Grant
Activities  in  the Regions.   Resources will be  used to provide  support costs
such as  rent,  utilities,  security,  and  mail  operations for  the  LUST program.
                                    15-16

-------
Basic financial services will also be  provided,  such as processing payroll and
vouchers and providing accurate financial reports.

1989 Program

     In  1989,  the Agency  is  allocating a  total  of $713,200 supported  by 5.0
total workyears for this program, all  of which is from the Leaking Underground
Storage  Tank  Trust Fund appropriation.   These  resources are used  to provide
support services and financial services as described above.

1988 Accomplishments

     In  1988,  the  Agency  obligated  a total of  $191,100 supported by 1.4 total
workyears, all  of which was  from Leaking Underground  Storage Tank  Trust Fund
appropriation.   These  resources were  used  to provide  support  services  and
financial services as described above.            .
LEGAL SERVICES - OFFICE OF GENERAL COUNSEL

1990 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of $299,300 supported  by 5.4 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank
Trust Fund appropriation.  This represents an increase of $14,500 and no change
in  total  workyears  from  1989.   The increase reflects  increased personnel and
support costs.

     The resources will provide legal support for the development of guidelines
and  policies  for  administration  of  the  Fund,  assisting  the  delegation  of
authority  to  the  States,  supporting  cooperative agreements  between  EPA and
States, providing  advice  and interpretations,   and  defense of  the Agency  in
legal actions  taken against it regarding the Trust Fund.

1989 Program           .

     In 1989,  the  Agency  is  allocating a  total of  $284,800  supported by 5.4
total workyears  for this  program,  all  of which  is from the Leaking Underground
Storage Tank Trust Fund appropriation.

     The request will  provide legal support for  the  development of guidelines
and policies for administration of the fund; assist the delegation of authority
to  the States;  support  cooperative  agreements  between  EPA  and  States;  and
provide advice,  interpretations,  and defense for the Agency  in legal actions
taken against  it regarding the Trust Fund.

1988 Accomplishments

     In 1988,  the Agency obligated a total  of  $126,500 supported by 3.3 total
workyears,  all of which  was  from  the  Leaking  Underground  Storage  Tank Trust
Fund  appropriation.    Legal  support  was  provided  to  the  development  of
guidelines and policies through advice, counsel  and interpretations.
                              15-17

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16. SPECIAL
ANALYSIS

-------
                        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY


                               SPECIAL ANALYSES


                               Table  of  Contents


                                                              Page
                    «

EPA Organization Chart		 . 16-1


EPA Regional Offices - Locations	 16-2


Summary of Resources, by Appropriation	 16-3


Summary of Resources, by Media.	 16-7


Object Classification - By Appropriation	 16-12


Summary of State Grant Resources	 16-16


Permanent Positions by Grade (Salaries and Expenses)	 16-17


Permanent Positions by Grade (Office of Inspector General).... 16-18


Permanent Positions by Grade (Superfund)	 16-19


Permanent Positions by Grade (LUST Trust Fund)	 16-20


Permanent Positions by Grade (Reimbursables)		 16-21


Average Grade and Salary. . .	 .  .	 16-22

-------
ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
//, U.S. Environmental
,.',', * ' ,' ' ,
Protection Agency
% v * xs • j. •• ^i. '•'••'
,"?/'".'„* Y / ' '. ADMINISTRATOR "4. - ^ Associate Administrator
_,%__, • t ^m ~~ — — 	 	 ***
' ' ' Staff Of*™-? DEPUTY ADI
'.'
^ ' , ' ,, , , „ , - ,'v
I I
Assistant Administrator \ssistantAdministratorfoi ''--'':
for Administration And ; Enforcement and '"::i|.-
Resources Management ' Compliance Monitoring '.;;'•?!.
' - '-,-',-< -','„*"-''•.->•; V^V^^^"
• 1 1 -:• ;.. .
«*«**<*>«* ''"''f
"'•.-.'*
f *
\" ",
• 1 1 .-.-/:
% •. ":\^
Assistant Administrator - Assistant Administrator -\ >^
tor Air and Radiation for Pesttedes and Toxic , -^
Substances '• '
^ ^ ^; ," ^ ^^ ;%
1 1 1
Region 1 Region II Region III
Boston New York Philadelphia
%
1 1
Region VII Region VIII ;
Kansas City Denver
^ -
s; \f : for International
IINISTRATOR ^^' ^ Activities

V\" " %x'% sC~s ••
\'"^c ?>-",» \4 s c 1 Associate Administrator
, \' ^ N -" ^\ -<^ ^ % for Regional Operations
' "* % s
II
-„*, " - Assistant Administrator
, -i ' < General Counsel tor Policy, Planning and
'£*•- Evaluation
' ? y\-'-' '"/ -V'"'**" f\'r /s^":^^" ' " I--
tf -^^"m "™™™"" "^
••••^••^HMM 1
>r Assistant Administrator * Assisant Adm-rastrator
for water - tor SoM Waste and
// Emergency Response
- ~-< „ '' '" ,
7^V> v| "/':/;. ' . '
;. ' Assistant Administrator
,/ \ tor Research and \
' - ' ' Development ' '
, ,-r * \ -', " :-
I I I
Region IV Region V : Region VI
Atlanta Chicago • Dallas
'
1 1
Region IX Region X
San Francisco Seattle

           16-1

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                        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                    REGIONS

                             Locations and States
Region I
Region II
Region III
Region IV
Region V



Region VI



Region VII


Region VIII



Region IX
Region X
Headquarters. Boston. Massachusetts
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts
New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont

Headquarters. New York. Nev York
New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands

Headquarters. Philadelphia. PA
Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland
Pennsylvania, Virginia, Vest Virginia

Headquarters. Atlanta. Georgia
Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky
Mississippi, North Carolina,
South Carolina, Tennessee

Headquarters. Chicago. Illinois
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan,
Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin

Headquarters. Dallas. Texas
Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico,
Oklahoma, Texas

Headquarters. Kansas City. Kansas
Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska

Headquarters. Denver. Colorado
Colorado, Montana,, North Dakota,
South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming

San Francisco. California
Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada,
American Samoa, Gxiam, Trust Territories of
Pacific Islands, Northern Mariana Islands

Headquarters. Seattle. Washington
Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington
                                     16-2

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                                         ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY

                                           Summary of Budget  Authority,
                                        Obligations, Outlays,  and Work/ears
                                                By Appropriation
                                             (dollars in thousands)
                                Actual
                                 1988
Enacted
 1989
 Current
Estimate
  1989
Request
 1990
  Increase/
  Decrease
1990 Req. vs.
Current 1989
Salaries and Expenses

 Budget Authority	   $765,000.0    $  804,000.0  $  804,000.0    $  868,582.6  $    64,582.6
 Obligations	      761,437.4       804,000.0     804,000.0       868,582.6       64,582.6
 Outlays.......	      762,502.0       805,024.0     805,024.0       839,991.0       34,967.0

 Permanent Uorkyears.....       10,683.2        11,325.6      11,332.6        11,699.2          366.6
 Total Uorkyears	       11,482.9        11,740.0      11,743.3        11,699.2          (44.1)

Office of Inspector General
 (Salaries and Expenses)

 Budget Authority.	   S        0.0    $        0.0  %        0.0    $   21.417.4  $    21,417.4
 Obligations	            0.0             0.0           0.0        21,417.4       21,417.4
 Outlays	            0.0             0.0           0.0        18,419.0       18,419.0

 Permanent Uorkyears-                0.0             0.0           0.0           242.8          242.8
 Total Workyears                     0.0             0.0           0.0           242.8          242.8

Research and Development

 Budget Authority	   $  186,350.0    S  202,500.0  S  202,500.0    $  235,000.0  $    32,500.0
 Obligations...,	      186.109.4       200,535.4     200.535.4       234,311.0       33,775.6
 Outlays	      203,608.0       198,873.0     198,873.0       221,404.0       22,531.0

Abatement, Control, and
 Compliance

 Budget Authority	   $  606,192.3    $  715,625.0  $  715,625.0    $  700,000.0  $   (15,625.0)
 Obligations	,.      611,357.1       712,913.6     712,913.6      .700,258.4      (12,655.2)
 Outlays.....	      597,721.2       655,374.0     655,374.0       721,344.0       65,970.0

Buildings and Facilities

 Budget Authority	   $   23,500.0    $    8,000.0  $   16,514.8*$    8,000.0.$    (8,514.8)
 Obligations	       18,247.1        16,185.0      16,185.0         8,163.0       (8,022.0)
 Outlays	        9,247.0        12,929.0      12,929.0        18,623.0        5,694.0
                                                  16-3

-------

Scientific Activities
Overseas
Obi i gat i ens 	
Out 1 ays 	 	

SUBTOTAL,
OPERATING PROGRAMS
Budget Authori ty 	
Obi i gat i ons 	
Out 1 ays 	 	
Permanent Uorkyears... . .
Total Workyears 	
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Budget Authority. .......

Out lays 	
Permanent Uorkyears 	
Total Workyears. 	
Office of Inspector General
(Superfund)
Budget Authority........
Obi i gat i ons 	 	
Outlays 	
Permanent Uorkyears.....
Total Uorkyears. 	 	
LUST Trust Fund

Obi i gat ions. 	 	
Out 1 ays 	
Permanent Uorkyears 	
Total Uorkyears 	
Actual
1988

$ 579.6
42.0


$1,581,042.3
1,577,730.6
1,573,120.2
10,683.2
11,482.9

$1,128,000.0
1,497,370.3
828,912.0
2,451.9
2,642.2

$ 0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

$ 14,400.0
41 749.7
13,838.0
65.5
72.9
Enacted
1989

$ 0.0
213.0


$1,730,125.0
1,733,634.0
1,672,413.0
11,325.6
11,740.0

$1,425,000.0
1,579,093.2
1.150JOOO.O
2,706.7
2,830.0

$ 0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

$ 50.000.0
52,325.9
31,820.0
82.6
90.0
Current
Estimate
1989

$ 0.0
213.0


$1,738,639.8
1,733,634.0
1,672,413.0
11,332.6
11,743.3

$1,579,093.2
1,579,093.2
1,150,000.0
2,701.7
2,824.7

$ ' 0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

$ 52,325.9
52,325.9
31,820.0
82.6
90.0
Request
1990

$ 0.0
326.0


* $1,833,000.0
1,832,732.4
1,820,107.0
11,942.0
11,942.0

• $1,739,683.1
1,739,683.1
1,372,524.0
2,467.2
2,967.2

$ 10,316.9
10,316.9
2,476.0
67.8
67.8

* $ 100,000.0
100,000.0
43,260.0
91.3
91.3
Increase/
Decrease
1990 Req. vs;
Current 1989

$ 0.0
113.0


$ 94,360.2
99,098.4
147,694.0
609.4
198.7

$ 160,589.9
160,589.9
222,524.0
(234.5)
142.5

$ 10 316.9
10 316.9
2,476.0
»
67.8
67.8
. «
$ 47,674.1
47 674.1
11 440.0
8.7
1.3
16-4

-------




Construction Grants
Budget Authority. ......
Obi igations 	 ,
Outlays 	 ,


Actual
1988

$2, 304, 000.0
2,793,098.0
2.514,461.0


Enacted
1989

$1,950,000.0
2, 527, 000.0
2.390.000.0

Current
Estimate
1989

$1,950,000.0
2,527,000.0
2.390.000.0


Request
1990

$1,200,000.0
1,443,000.0
2.350.000.0
Increase/
Decrease
1990 Req. vs.
Current 1989

$ (750,000.0)
(1,084,000.0)
(40.000.0)
Operations, Research
 and Facilities

 Obligations	   $
 Outlays	

Tolerances
 Revolving Fund
        16.0    $
       (88.0)
 50.0  $
250.0
 50.0   $
250.0
 50.0  $
175.0
 Obligations	   $
 Out Iays	

Misc. Contrib. Funds
 Obligations	   $
 Outlays	

.Reregistration & Expedited
 Processing Revolving Fund

 Obligations	   $
 Outlays	
Reimbursements - S&E
 Obligations.
  Permanent Uorkyears.
  Total Uorkyears	
        62.6
        65.2
 62.0
 62.0
 62.0
 62.0
 62.0
 62.0
 Reimbursements-R&D
 Obligations	   $
  0.0
(75.0)
933.0 $
(196.0)
15.0 $
7.0
1,000.0 $
(200.0)
10.0 $
40.0
1,000.0 $
(200.0)
10.0 $
40.0
1,000.0 $
(200.0)
10.0-$
28.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
(12.0)
         0.0    $    5,000.0  $    5,000.0   $   14,000.0  $     9,000.0
         0.0        (9,000.0)     (9,000.0)            0.0        9,000.0
$   20,444.1    $   25,000.0  $   25,000.0   $   26,583.0  $     1,583.0
  0.0
  0.0
 Reimbursements-Superfund

  Obligations.	   $   13,548.4    $   30,000.0  $   30,000.0   $   30,000.0  $         0.0
         0.0    $
  0.0  $    5,000.0   $    5,000.0  $
                                0.0
                                                •  16-5

-------
                                Actual
                                 1988
Reimbursements-AC&C
 Obligations....	   $
     0.0
TOTAL, EPA

 Budget Authority	   $5,027,442.3
 Obligations	    5,944,905.1
 Outlays	    4,930,054.2
                Enacted
                 1989
              Current
             Estimate
               1989
               Request
                1990
             Increase/
             Decrease
           1990 Req. vs.
           Current 1989
     0.0  $
 5,000.0
 5,000.0  $
  0.0
            $5,155,125.0  $5,320,058.9 * $4,883,000.0  $   (437,058.9)
             5,953,113.1    5,963,113.1    5,207,375.4      (755,737.7)
             5,235,323.0    5,235,323.0    5,588,370.0      353,047.0
 Permanent Uorkyears.
 Total Uorkyears	
13,263.2
14,263.2
14,176.9
14,722.0
14,178.9
14,720.0
14,630.3
15,130.3
451.4
410.3
  Includes planned prior year funds.
                                                  16-6

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

   Surmary of Budget Authority,
Obligations, Outlays, and Uorkyears
              By Media
       (dollars in thousands)

Air
Budget Authority 	
Obi i gat ions. 	 	
Out I ays 	 	 	
Permanent Uorkyears....
Total Uorkyears. .......
Water Quality
Budget Authority.......
Obi i gat i ons ............
Out I ays 	 	 	 	
Permanent Workyears. . . .
Total Workyears 	
Drinking Water

Obi i gat ions 	 	
Out 1 ays 	
Permanent Workyears....
Total Workyears 	
Hazardous Waste
Budget Authority.......
Obi i gat ions 	 	 	

Permanent Workyears....
Total Workvears 	
Actual
1988
S 247,351.9
248,422.3
252,725.3
1,628.2
1,717.4

$ 260,545.6
257,146.0
268,124.2
1,988.4
2,151.1

. $ 107,444.2
106 990.5
105,357.4
687.6
746.8

. $ 258,952.2
256 438.9
258,469.6
1 368.4
1.460.9
Enacted
1989
$ 269,578.8
266,020.1
254,008.4
1,700.7
1,741.1

S 288,615.7
290,262.3
281,887.6
2,141.4
2,236.2

$ 108,337.1
107,563.9
103,886.0
720.3
745.5

$ 267,059.4
268 862.3
250,186.5
1,441.7
1.505.0
Current
Estimate
1989
$ 268,431.7
264,890.0
252,920.9
1,692.0
1,731.9

$ 286,771.1
288,437.0
280, 095 .'0
2,125.8
2,219.5

S 107,802.9
107,037.0
103,369.2
716.5
741 . 1

$ 264,772.8
266 616.0
248,053.2
1,427.7
1.491.0
Request
1990
S 295,464.2
291,841.0
281,987.2
1,753.9
1,753.9

$ 307,902.3
310,783.0
303,722.7
2,234.0
2,234.0

$ 118,954.6
118,244.0
112,690.6
•766.7
766.7

$ 273,703.3
277 372 0
270,319.6
1,489.0
1.489.0
                                                        Increase/
                                                        Decrease
                                                      1990 Req.  vs.
                                                      Current 1989
                                                          27,032.5
                                                          26,951.0
                                                          29,066.3

                                                              61.9
                                                              22.0
                                                          21,131.2
                                                          22,346.0
                                                          23,627.7

                                                             108.2
                                                              14.5
                                                          11,151.7
                                                          11,207.0
                                                           9,321.4

                                                              50.2
                                                              25.6
                                                           8,930.5
                                                          10,756.0
                                                          22,266.4

                                                              61.3
                                                              (2.0)
            16-7

-------

Pesticides
Budget Authority. .......


Permanent Workyears.. °...
Total Workyears 	 	
Radiation
Budget Authority 	
Obi i gat i ons 	

Permanent Workyears 	
Total Uorkyears 	
Noise
Budget Author i ty 	
Obi i gat ions. 	 	
Out I ays .................
Interdisciplinary
Budget Authority 	
Obi i gat ions. 	 	 	
Outlays. ................
Permanent Workyears 	
Total Workyears 	
Toxic Substances
Budget Author i ty 	
Obi i gat ions. 	 	
Out I ays 	 	 	
Permanent Workyears 	
Total Workyears 	
Actual
1988

$ 81,934.8 $
82,339.1
77,918.8
770.8
820.1

$ 19,709.5 $
19,664.0
16,266.9
158.3
170.9
$ 0.0 $
0.0
1.9

$ 61,323.6 $
61,057.0
62,066.7
581.4
630.2

$ 129 755.6 $
138,219.5
130 925.1
622.8
863.1
Enacted
1989

124,278.3 $
122,675.5
107,707.7
824.0
831.0

23,082.0 $
22,846.9
20,192.7
198.5
200.9
0.0 $
0.0
50.0

73,966.8 $
73,355.8
69,494.1
633.7
657.6
%
144,319.6 *
143/051.5
143 954.6
864.7
875.0
Current
Estimate
1989

123,347.4 $
121,754.0
106,905.9
816.0
822.8

23,025.0 *
22,794.0
20,142.3
196.8
199.2
0.0 $
0.0
50.0

76,894.0 $
76,248.0
72,246.7
656.1
679.9

143,219.1 $
141,971.0
142,854.6
861.8
871.6
Request
1990

110,224.6
109,073.0
107,138.7
853.3
853.3

31,822.9
31,448.0
30,660.8
200.2
200.2
0.0
0.0
50.0

118,494.4
117,620.0
113,974.5
740.0
740.0

107,225.2
107,090.0
113 155.2
880.6
880.6
                                            Decrease
                                          1990 Req. vs.
                                          Current 1989
                                             (13,122.8)
                                             (12,681.0)
                                                 232.8

                                                  37.3
                                                  30.5
                                               8,797.9
                                               8,654.0
                                              10,518.5

                                                   3.4
                                                   1.0
                                                   0,0
                                                   0.0
                                                   0.0
                                         $    41,600.4
                                              41,372.0
                                              41,727.8

                                                  83.9
                                                  60.1
                                         $   (35,993.9)
                                             (34,881.0)
                                             (29,699.4)

                                                  18.8 '
                                                   9.0
16-8

-------
Energy

 Budget Authority.
 Obligations	
 Outlays	
 Permanent Uorkyears.
 Total Workyears.....
Management and Support
 Budget Authority.
 Obligations	
 Outlays	
 Permanent Workyears.
 Total Uorkyears.....
Buildings and Facilities

 Budget Authori ty	
 Obligations	
 Outlays	

SUBTOTAL,
OPERATING PROGRAMS

 Budget Authority	
 Obii gat i ons	
 Outlays	

 Permanent Workyears	
 Total Workyears	

Hazardous Substance
 Superfund

 Budget Authority	
 Obii gat i ons	
 Outlays	

 Permanent Workyears	
 Total Workyears	

$

$

s
$1
1
1

$1
1

Actual
1988
55,303.5
55,254.5
57,328.2
72.0
77.0
335,221.4
333,951.7
334,689.1
2,605.3
2,845.4
23,500.0
18,247.1
9,247.0
,581,042.3
,577,730.6
,573,120.2
10,683.2
11,482.9
,128,000.0
,497,370.3
828,912.0
2,451.9
2,642.2
Enacted
1989
$ 54,968.7
54,592.8
59,667.1
69.7
69.7
$ 367,918.6
368,217.9
368,449.3
2,730.9
2,878.0
$ .3,000.0
16,185.0
12,929.0
$1,730,125.0
1,733,634.0
1,672,413.0
11,325.6
11,740.0
$1, 425, 000.0
1,579,093.2
1,150,000.0
o
2,706.7
2,830.0
Current
Estimate
1989
S 54,903.2 $
54,528.0
59,595.6
68.6
68.6
$ 372,957.8 $
373,174.0
373,250.6
2,771.3
2,917.7
$ 16;514.8 ** $
16,185.0
12,929.0
$1,738,639.8 ** $
1,733,634.0
1,672,413.0
11,332.6
11,743.3
$1,579,093.2 ** $
1,579,093.2
1,150,000.0
2,701.7
2,824.7
Request
1990
38,207.7
37,766.0
52,016.0
52.4
52.4
423,000.8
423,332.4
415,768.7
2,971.9
2,971.9
8,000.0
8,163.0
18,623.0
1,833,000,0
1,832,732.4
1,820,107.0
11,942.0
11,942.0
1,750,000.0
1,750,000.0
1,375,000.0
2,535.0
3,035.0
Decrease
1990 Req. vs.
Current 1989'
$ (16,695.5)
(16,762.0)
(7,579.6)
(16.2)
(16.2)
* $ 50, 043.. 0
50,158.4
42,518.1
200.6
54.2
$ (8,514.8)
(8,022.0)
5,694.0
" $ 94,360.2
99,098.4
147,694.0
609.4
198.7
*** $ 170,906.8
170,906.8
225,000.0
(166.7)
210.3
                                                  16-9

-------

LUST Trust Fund
Budget Authori ty 	
Obi i gat i ons 	 	

Permanent Uorkyears. ....
Total Workyears. ........
Construction Grants
Budget Author ity 	


Operations, Research
and Facilities
Obligations 	 	
Out I ays .........i 	
Tolerances
Revolving Fund
Obi i gat ions 	 	
Out I ays 	 	 	
Misc. Contrib. Funds
Obi i gat ions. 	 	

Reregistration & Expedited
Processing Revolving Fund
Obi i gat ions 	 	
Outlays 	 	
Reimbursements • S&E
Obi i gat ions 	
Permanent Uorkyears 	
Total Workvears.... 	
Actual
1988

$ 14,400.0
41,749.7
13,838.0
65.5
72.9

$2,304,000.0
2,793,098.0
2,514,461.0

$ 16.0
-88.0

$ 933.0
(196.0)

$ 15.0
7.0
*
$ 0.0
0.0

$ 20,444.1
62.6
65.2
Enacted
1989

$ 50,000.0
52,325.9
31,820.0
82.6
90.0

$1,950,000.0
2,527,000.0
2,390,000.0

$ 50.0
250.0

$ 1,000.0
(200.0)

$ 10.0
40.0

$ 5,000.0
(9,000.0)

$ 25,000.0
62.0
62.0
Current
Estimate
1989

$ 52,325.9 ** $
52,325.9
31,820.0
82.6
90.0

$1,950,000.0 $
2,527,000.0
2,390,000.0

$ 50.0 $
250.0

$ 1,000.0 $
(200.0)

$ 10.0 $
40.0

$ 5,000.0 $
(9,000.0)

$ 25,000.0 $
62.0
62.0
Request
1990

100,000.0
100,000.0
43,260.0
91.3
91.3

1,200,000.0
1,443,000.0
2,350,000.0

50.0
175.0

1,000.0
(200.0)

10.0
28.0

14,000.0
0.0

26,583.0
62.0
62.0
Increase/
Decrease
1990 Req. vs.
Current 1989

$ 47 674.1
47,674.1
11,440.0
8.7
1.3

$ (750,000.0)
(1;084, 000.0)
(40,000.0)

$ 0.0
(75.0)

$ 0.0
0.0

$ 0.0
(12.0)

$ 9,000.0
9,000.0

$ 1,583.0
0.0
0.0
16-10

-------
                                Actual
                                 1988
         Enacted
          1989
 Current
Estimate
  1989
Request
 1990
Reimbursements-Superfund

 Obligations.......	   $   13,548.4  $   30,000.0  $   30,000.0    $     30,000.0
Reimbursements-R&D
 Obligations	   $
Reimbursements-AC&C
 Obligations	   $
0.0  $        0.0  $    5,000.0
0.0  S        0.0  $    5,000.0
                    5,000.0
                    5,000.0
  Increase/
  Decrease
1990 Req. vs.
Current 1989
                                                                0.0
                         0.0
                         0.0
TOTAL, EPA
Budget Authority.......
Obi i gat ions 	 	 	 	

Permanent Uorkyears....
Total Workyears 	 	



$5,027,442.3
5,944,905.1
4,930,054.2
13,263.2
14,263.2



$5 15'i 125.0
5,953,113.1
5,235,323.0
14,176.9
14,722.0



$5,320,058.9 *
5,963,113.1
5,235,323.0
14,178.9
14,720.0



* $ 4 883 000.0
5 207,375.4
5,588,370.0
14,630.3
15,130.3



$ (437 058 9)
(755 737 7)
353,047.0
451.4
410.3


  * Includes $21,417,400 in budget authority and obligations  and $18,419,000  in  outlays
    from the Office of Inspector General  appropriation.

 ** Includes planned prior year funds.

*** Includes $10,316,900 in budget authority and obligations  and $2,467,000  in outlays
    from the Office of Inspector General  appropriation.
                                                  16-11

-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

   Object Classification
     Direct Obligations
   (dollars in thousands)

Salaries and Expenses
Personnel Services 	 $
Other objects:
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons ....
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.1 Rental payments to GSA...
23.2 Rental payments to others
23.3 Commun i cat ions, uti I i ties,
and misc. charges 	
24.0 Printing and reproduction
25.0 Other services 	
26.0 Supplies and materials —
31.0 Equipment 	
32.0 Land and structures 	
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
cont r i but i ons 	 	 	
42.0 Insurance, claims, and
indemnities. 	 	

subtotal, other objects...
Total obligations 	
Office of the Inspector General
Personnel Services 	
Other objects:
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons 	
23.1 Rental payments to GSA...
Actunl
1988
505.991.9 *
20.979.6
2,253.9
44.656.1
13,865.0
26,944.0
5,469.0
84,967.2
13,410.5
' 39,082.4
234.8
3;517.9
85.1
255,445.5
761,437.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
Current
Estimate
1989
523,248.0 *
23,365.6
4,738.3
53,915.9
16,747.0
32,545.0
8,529.9
98,767.6
13,125.7
25,332.5
1.0
3,675.5
8.0
280,752.0
804,000.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Increase/
decrease
Request 1990 Req. vs
1990 Current 1989
/
519,923.9 $
25,937.8
7,243.9
60,368.2
18,752.0
36,440.0
10,066.9
136,711.8
15,545.1
35,597.4
0.0
1,995.6
0.0
348,658.7
868,582.6
12,250.0
1,798.0
1,234.0
(3,324.1)
2,572.2
2,505.6
6,452.3
2,005.0
3,895.0
1,537.0
37,944.2
2,419.4
10,264.9
(1.0)
(1,679.9)
(8.0)
67,906.7
64,582.6
12,250.0
1,798.0
1,234.0
         16-12

-------

23.3 Conrunications,utilities,
and misc. charges 	
25.0 Other services 	 	 	

subtotal, other objects...
Total obligations (OIG)....
Research and Development
25.0 Other services 	 $
31.0 Equipment 	
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions 	

Total obligations 	
Abatement, Control, and
Compliance
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons..... $
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.3 Communications,uti lities,
and misc. charges 	
24.0 Printing and reproduction
25.0 Other services 	
26.0 Supplies and materials...
31.0 Equipment 	
33.0 Investments and loans 	
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions 	

Total obligations 	
Buildings and Facilities
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons 	 $
Actual
1988
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
119,956.0 $
3,014.0
63,139.0
186,109.0
278.0 %
29.0
183.0
214.0
229,032.0
25.0
625.0
15,400.0
365,571.0
611,357.0
94.0 $
Current
Estimate
1989
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
117,106.0
1,672.0
81,757.0
200,535.0
327.0
7.0
2.0
10.0
335,317.0
3.0
3.0
31,500.0
345,745.0
712,914.0
98.0
Increase/
decrease
Request 1990 Req. vs
1990 Current 1989
1,129.0
15,323.0
19,484.0
31,734.0
S 139,201.0 $
12,348.0
82,762.0
234,311.0
S 596.0 S
4.0
0.0
6.0
341,584.0
1.0
1,960.0
0.0
356,107.0
700,258.0
$ 218.0 $
1,129.0
15,323.0
19,484.0
31,734.0
22,095.0
10,676.0
1,005.0
33,776.0
269.0
(3.0)
(2.0)
(4.0)
6,267.0
(2.0)
1,957.0
(31,500.0)
10,362.0
(12,656.0)
120.0
16-13

-------
22.0 Transportation of things.
25.0 Other services	
26.0 Supplies and materials...
31.0 Equipment	
32.0 Land and structures	
    Total obligations (B&F)...


Actual
1988
4.0
6,189.0
9.0
212.0
11,739.0

Current
Estimate
1989
0.0
6,188.0
0.0
0.0
9,899.0


Request
1990
0.0
7,435.0
0.0
0.0
510.0
Increase/
decrease
1990 Req. vs
Current 1989
0.0
1,247.0
0.0
0.0
(9,389.0)
18,247.0
16,185.0
8,163.0
(8,022.0)
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Personnel Services	  $  108,957.0  $  117,858.0  $  120,687.0  $     2,829.0
Other objects:
21 .0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons 	
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.1 Rental payments to GSA...
23.2 Rental payments to others
23.3 Communications.uti lilies,

24.0 Printing and reproduction
25.0 Other services. 	
26.0 Supplies and materials...
31.0 Equipment 	
32.0 Land and structures......
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions 	
42.0 Insurance, claims, and



9,154.0
597.0
10,039.0
2,144.0

6,037.0
839.0
1,078,094.0
3,085.0
15,252.0
35.0

213,291.0

139.0


.10,035.0
1,819.0
11,654.0
2,489.0

7,008.0
2,006.0
1,076,840.0
4,645.0
22,884.0
0.0

270,884.0

50.0


11,325.0
1,022.0
12,005.0
2,564.0

7,219.0
1,706.0
1,178,061.0
3,534.0
20,099.0
0.0

330,540.0

0.0


1,290.0
(797.0)
351.0
75.0

211.0
'(300.0)
101,221.0
(1,111.0)
(2,785.0)
0.0

59,656.0

(50.0)
    subtotal, other objects...   1,338,706.0   1,410,314.0   1,568,075.0     157,761.0

  Subtotal direct obligations..  1,447,663.0   1,528,172.0   1,688,762.0     160,590.0
     ALLOCATION ACCOUNTS
Personnel Services.
Other objects:
21.0 Travel and trans-
     portation of persons.....
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.1 Rental payments to GSA...
 8,086.0
 1,334.0
   109.0
    32.0
 8,283.0
 1,367.0
   112.0
    33.0
8,283.0
 1,367.0
   112.0
   33.0
     0.0
     0.0
     0.0
     0:0
                                            16-14

-------
23.3 Communications, utilities,
and misc. charges. .......
24.0 Printing and reproduction
25.0 Other services...........
26.0 Supplies and materials...
31 0 ECJU i pment . . 	 	
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions... 	
subtotal, allocation accts.
Reimbursable obligations 	
Total obligations 	 	 	
LUST Trust Fund
Personnel Services 	 	 	
Other objects:
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons 	
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.1 Rental payments to GSA...
23.2 Rental payments to others
23.3 Conrounications.uti lilies,
and misc. charges........
24.0 Printing and reproduction
25.0 Other services 	
26.0 Supplies and materials...
31 0 ECJU i pment 	
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
cont r i but i ons 	 	
subtotal, other objects...
Actual
1988
198.0
73.0
32,177.0
224.0
1,624.0
5,851.0
49,708.0
13,548.0
1,510,919.0
$ 2,924.0
188.0
8.0
326.0
49.0
55.0
5.0
3,081.0
18.0
215.0
34,881.0
38,826.0
Current
Estimate
1989
203.0
75.0
32,961.0
229.0
1,664.0
5.994.0
50,921.0
30,000.0
1,609,093.0
$ 3,936.0
197.0
14.0
401 .0
60.0
68.0
39.0
4,362.0
106.0
316.0
42,827.0
48,390.0
Increase/
decrease
Request 1990 Req. vs
1990 Current 1989
203.0
75.0
32,961.0
229.0
1,664.0
5,994.0
50,921.0
30,000.0
1,769,683.0
$ 3,001.0 *
485.0
11.0
403.0
61.0
68.0
139.0
5,060.0
228.0
339.0
90,205.0
96,999.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
160,590.0
(935.0)
288.0
(3.0)
' 2.0
1.0
0.0
100.0
698.0
122.0
23.0
47,378.0
48,609.0
Total obligations  (LUST).
41,750.0
52,326.0     100,000.0
47,674.0
                                       16-15

-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Summary of State Grant Resources

AIR
Section 105 	
WATER QUALITY
Section 106 .......
Clean Lakes 	
DRINKING WATER
Public Water Systems
Program Grants 	
Underground Injection
Control Program 	
Special Studies & Demos .
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste
Management . . . . ' . . .
Underground Storage Tanks
PESTICIDES
Pesticide Enforcement
Grants 	
Pesticide Certification
& Training .......
Pesticides Program
Implementation .....
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxics Enforcement
Grants 	
SUBTOTAL . . 	
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS . . .
TOTAL .......
(in thousands
ACTUAL
1988
S94. 164.0
60.915.4
60,915.4

47.747.1
33,424.4
11,322.8
2,999.9
75.703.7
68,593.7
7,110.0
12.951.5
8,936.3
4,015.2
2.271.1
. $293,752.8
. 2,793,098.2
.$3.086.851.0
of dollars)
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
'$101.500.0
79.600.0
67,100.0
12,500.0
46.950.0
33,450.0
10,500.0
3,000.0
75.020.0
66,020.0
9.000.0
12.803.4
8,803.4
4,000.0
2.200.0
$318,073.4
1,950.000.0
$2.268.073.4
ESTIMATE
1990
S99. 700.0
85.200.0
83,200.0
2,000.0
51.950.0
40,450.0
10.500.0
1,000.0
79.000.0
70.00Q.O
9,000.0
25.303.4
12,803.4

12,500.0
3.200.0
$344.353.4
1,200,000.0
$1.544.353.4
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1990 VS 1989
- $1 . 800 . 0
+5.600.0
+16,100.0
-10,500.0
+5.000.0
+7 , 000 . 0
-2,000.0
+3.980.0
+3,980.0
+12.500.0
+4,000 0
-4 000 0
+12,500.0
+1.000.0
+$26,280.0
-750,000.0
-$723.720.0
             16-16

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                        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                          Permanent  Positions  By Grade

                             SALARIES AND EXPENSES

                                                       Current
                                               Actual  Estimate  Estimate
Grades                                          1988     1989      1990
Executive Level II	 .        1        1         1
Executive Level IV	. .        8       10        10
Executive Level V. .	 	1	1	i_i_i__
            Subtotal	.       10       12        11

ES-6	        3        3         3
ES-5 .	       34       36        35
ES-4	       83       89        86
ES-3	  .	       73       78        76
ES-2	       13       14        14
ES-1	 	11	12	12
            Subtotal	      217      232        226

GS-17	        1        1         1
GS-16	       11       11        12
GS/GM-15 .  . •	      635      645        667
GS/GM-14	'.....'.'	    1,354    1,375     1,421
GS/GM-13 .	    2,007    2,038     2,107
GS-12. .		    2,027    2,059     2,128
GS-11.	  	    1,087    1,104     1,141
GS-10	     66       67        69
GS-9	      827      840        868
GS-8	      192      195        202
GS-7	      922      937        976
GS-6	'	      523      531        549
GS-5	      654      664        687
GS-4	      297      302        312
GS-3	       46       48        48
GS-2 . . .	        7        7         7
GS-1	   .      	IJ_I	,_,_,_
            Subtotal 	    10,656   10,824     11,195

Positions established by  act of July 1, 1974
(42 U.S.C.  207):
  Director grade 06, $33,878 to $58,526.  . .       62       62        62
  Senior grade 05, $27,095 to $47,751	   98       98        98
  Full grade 04, $22,841  to $39,930	       39       39        39
  Assistant grade 03, $21,226 to $34,534  . . .	8        8	8_
            Subtotal ............      207      207        207

Positions established by  act of November  16,      ,
1977 (42 U.S.C. 201) compensation for which
is not to exceed the maximum rate payable
for a GS-18.	        7        7  .       7

Ungraded		50	51	53

TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS	    11,147   11,333     11,699
                                    16-17

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                         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                          Permanent Positions By Grade

                         OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL
 Grades

 Executive Level V.  .  .  .  .
             Subtotal  .  .  ,

'"'ES-5	
 ES-4	
 ES-3 .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  ,
             Subtotal  .

"GS/GM-15  ....  	
 GS/GM-14	  .  .
 GS/GM-13  . '	  .
 GS-12.  .  .  	
 GS-11.  ..........
 GS-10	
 GS-9	
 GS-8	• ,
 GS-7	
 GS-6	
 GS-5 .  .  :  .  .  	
'GS-A	  .  ,
•GS-3..	
 GS-2	
             Subtotal  .  .  .


 TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS,
        Current
Actual  Estimate  Estimate
 1988     1989      1990
                       20
                       AO
                       80
                       61
                       20
                        2
                       19
                        3
                       35
                        8
                        7
                        7
                        1
                      	1_
                      304
                      311
                                    16-18

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                        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                         Permanent Positions Bv Grade

                         HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPERFUND
Grades
        Current
Actual  Estimate  Estimate
 1988     1989      1990
ES-5	        1        3,      3
ES-4	        5        7         7
ES-3 .	        7        8         8
ES-2	        2        8         8
ES-1	,	3	4         4
            Subtotal ............       18       30        30

GS/GM-15	       72       81        74
GS/GM-14	      194      218       198
GS/GM-13	      460      516       471
GS-12.	      645      725       660
GS-11	      293      329       300
GS-10		        1        1         1
GS-9	      192      215       196
GS-8	       12       13        12
GS-7	      148      166       151
GS-6	       71       80        73
GS-5	      157      176       161
GS-4	,	101      113       103
GS-3	       17       19        17
GS-2 .			3        33
            Subtotal 	 ....    2,366    2,655     2,420

Positions established by act of July 1, 1974
(42 U.S.C. 207):
  Director grade 06, $33,878 to $58,526.  ..        6        6         6
  Senior grade 05, $27,095 to $47,751.   ...        4        4         4
  Full grade 04, $22,841 to $39,930	        5        5         5
  Assistant grade 03, $21,226 to $34,534  . .      .  2	2	2_
            Subtotal	       17       17        17


TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS	    2,401    2,702     2,467
                                    16-19

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                       1   ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                    ''•-•"'•   -Permanent Positions  By  Grade

                      LEAKING .UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST)

                                                         Current
                                                 Actual  Estimate  Estimate
 Grades                                           1988     1989       1990
         :•          it
 -GS/GM-15- .-.  -.--.  .'•• .	        1        1         2
 GS/GM-14	        6        7         9
 GS/GM-13,.  ...:.....	       14       16         9
 GS-12.  ......  	  .........       15       17         23
?-'.jss.-ii	.::...	        9       10         12
 GS-9  ......'.........	       12       13         8
^ GS-7  .	        4        5         11
 GS-6  ..:...	        2        2         2
 GS-5	        3        6         8
 GS-4  .  . ';..	  .        2        5         6
 GS-3	      ...       ...        ...
 GS-2  .  .	                . . .	^_
  	   Subtotal	       68       82         90

 Positions  established by act of July 1, 1974
 (42 U.S.C.  207):
   Director grade  06.  $33,878 to $58,526.  .   . 	1	1          1
 TOTAL  PERMANENT POSITIONS.  ;  .	       69       83         91
                                     16-20

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                        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                          Permanent  Positions  By Grade

                                 REIMBURSABLE^
                            (SALARIES AND EXPENSES)
Grades

GS/GM-15 .	
GS/GM-14 .	
GS/GM-13	
GS-12	
GS-11		
GS-IO	:	
GS-9 .  .	  i .  .  .
GS-8	
GS-7	
GS-6	
GS-5	
            Subtotal ...  	

Positions established by act of July  1, 1974
(42 U.S.C.  207):
  Director grade 06,  $33,878 to $58,526.  .  .
  Senior grade 05,  $27,095  to $47,751. ...
            Subtotal	


TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS	
        Current
Actual  Estimate  Estimate
 1988     1989   .   1990
     3
     3
     4
    10
     6
     2
     9
     5
     2
     4
     5
    53
     6
     2
 4
11
 6
 2
 9
 5
 2
 4
 5
54
 6
 2
              8
   3
   3
 ; ' 4
  11
 -  6
 .; 2
 "' ' 9
 ':.., 5
 :J 2
   4
	5_
  54
    61
62
  62
                                    16-21

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                       ^ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                       (•>   Average Grade and Salary  ; ,,i
Approprlation/Pav Plan
        Current
Actual  Estimate  Estimate
 1988     1989      1990
Salaries and Expenses
  Average ES Salary.  .  .  .... ... .  .  ...  $72,643  $74,163   $77,203
  Average GS/GM Grade.  .  .  .  .	     10.8     10.8      10.8
  Average GS/GM Salary ..... ... .  .  ..  $36,627  $38,000   $39,558
  Average Salary of Ungraded Positions .  .  .  $13,698  $14,211   $14,793

Office of the Inspector General  ,
  Average ES Salary.  .............      —      —   $76,888
  Average GS/GM Grade.  ..	      — -      ->-      11.3
  Average GS/GM Salary .  .  ,  .  . ,	      ---      ---   $39,910

Superfund
  Average ES Salary.  ..'...	  $71,209  $73,879   $73,879
  Average GS/GM Grade.  .  .  .  .  . ...	     10.7     10.7      10.7
  Average GS/GM Salary .  ..........  $34,298  $35,584   $37,042

Leaking Underground Storage Tank
  Average ES Salary.	
  Average GS/GM Grade.  	 .....     11.0     10.4      10.1
  Average GS/GM Salary .  .... .  , . .  .  .  $34,425  $35,715   $37,179

Reimbursables
  Average GS/GM Grade.  ....... . .' .  .     10.0     10.0      10.0
  Average GS/GM Salary .  .....  	  $32,571  $33.793   $35,177


TOTAL AGENCY AVERAGE                  .
  Average ES Salary.  .  .  ...  .... .  .  .  $71,926  $74,306   $75,500
  Average GS/GM Grade.	     10.8     10.7      10.8
  Average GS/GM Salary .  .  .  .  . .  . .. .  .  .  $34,480  $35,773   $37,239
  Average Salary of Ungraded Positions .  .  .  $13,698  $14.211   $14.793
                                   16-22

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