United States Office of February 1988
Environmental Protection the Comptroller
Agency Washington, DC 20460
Summary of the
1989 Budget
E NVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
Q
AGENCY
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
OVERVIEW OF THE 1989 BUDGET 3
OPERATING BUDGET SUMMARY 13
Air 14
Water Quality.... 18
Drinking Water 22
Hazardous Waste , 26
Pesticides 30
Radiation 34
Interdisciplinary 38
Toxic Substances 42
Energy 46
Management & Support 50
SUPERFUND 55
LUST 61
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS 65
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT 69
STATE AND LOCAL GRANTS 77
APPENDED BUDGET TABLES 81
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NOTE: The charts on the following pages include the 1987 Final Actuals,
1988 Current Estimate, and the 1989 President's Budget. Unless
otherwise noted, all comparisons between 1989 and 1988 budget
levels in the narrative refer to the 1988 Current Estimate and 1989
President's Budget. (The "Current Estimate" is the Agency's cur-
rent plan for using its resources.)
Additionally, references to workyears refer to total workyears
rather than only "pe.manent" workyears.
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OVERVIEW
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THE AGENCY'S FY1989 BUDGET INCREASES BY $159
MILLION FROM THE FY 1988 CURRENT ESTIMATE
($ IN MILLIONS)
$3,279
SUPERFUND
&LUST
OPERATING
PROGRAMS
$2,623
FY1987
ACTUALS
$3,120
FY1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
FY1989
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
(EXCLUDES CONSTRUCTION GRANTS)
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OVERVIEW OF THE 1989 BUDGET
The President's 1989 Budget for the Environmental Protection Agency was
constructed within the constraints of the recent Bipartisan Agreement between
the Administration and Congress. This agreement has placed substantial re-
strictions on budget increases throughout the Federal Government. However,
in the development of the EPA's 1989 Budget, the Administration has shown a
significant commitment to protect the environment. With the exception of our
Construction Grants program, the Agency's budget will increase in 1989. Our
operating programs will receive a modest increase, and in recognition of the need
to achieve legislative mandates, the Superfund program will receive a subtantial
increase.
The Agency's 1989 Budget represents a request for approximately $4.8
billion supported by 14,570 workyears. The request includes $1.6 billion and
11,730 workyears for our operating programs, $1.6 billion and 2,750 workyears
for the Superfund program, and $50 million and 90 workyears for the Leaking
Underground Storage Tank (LUST) program. When we include previously ap-
propriated funds, we expect to conduct a total Superfund program of $1.7
billion. Additionally, the request provides $1.5 billion for the Construction
Grants program.
The 1989 Budget request provides strong support for implementing the
EPA's new requirements. It enhances the Superfund program for an increased
number of site designs and constructions. It also provides increased support for
the States in the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) program. It
continues to build on the Agency's commitment to pesticides disposal. It
provides substantial increases to implement the Clean Water Act, and it
increases research and development necessary to support the Agency's pro-
grams.
At the same time, the 1989 request includes resources to ensure a stable base
for the Agency's operating programs. It continues the expansion of the Agency's
enforcement program and maintains the strong State-Federal partnership that
is crucial to achieving our environmental goals.
The following provides a brief summary of key programmatic components in
the President's 1989 Budget:
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Disposal of Cancelled/Suspended Pesticides
The Agency is requesting $60.0 million for the transportation, storage and
disposal of cancelled/suspended pesticides, an increase of $51.6 million from
1988. The Agency plans to complete the disposal of ethylene dibromide (EDB)
stocks and a significant portion of the 2,4,5-T/Silvex stocks in 1988. In 1989, the
large increase in resources will enable the Agency to make significant progress
on the final disposal of remaining 2,4,5-T/Silvex stocks and on the decanning,
transportation, storage, and disposal of dinoseb.
Clean Water Act
The President's 1989 Budget provides $265.8 million supported by 2,235
workyears for water programs. The request includes $57.1 million and 380
workyears for the protection of vulnerable and valuable ecosystems, including
coastal areas and wetlands, an increase of $5.5 million over 1988. For the control
of toxic and hazardous pollutants, the request provides $140.2 million supported
by 1,097 workyears, an increase of $13.9 million over 1988. A total of $43.4
million and 479 workyears are requested to manage the Construction Grants
program and the transition to State Revolving Funds. Finally, $25.1 million will
be devoted to research to support the new Clean Water Act amendments, an
increase of $0.4 million above 1988 levels.
Superfund
The President's 1989 Budget for Superfund represents a significant commit-
ment to eliminate the health and environmental problems caused by inadequate
waste disposal practices of the past. The budget provides the Agency with $1.6
billion in addition to an anticipated carryover of $100 million of previously
appropriated funds. Thus, with a total of $1.7 billion supported by 2,750
workyears, the plan represents an increase of $200 million and 117 workyears
over 1988 operating levels. This reflects an aggressive effort to sustain the
momentum regained after the reauthorization of the Superfund program in
1986.
Specifically, to maintain momentum in the program, the Agency's request
includes an increased number of site designs and constructions in 1989, and it
strengthens emergency response capabilities. It provides for increases in
enforcement, in technical oversight for responsible parties, in legal support, and
in research to improve cleanup technology. The request also provides for
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enhanced administrative support for the Superfund program and for maintain-
ing other Federal agencies' support for the EPA's implementation of SARA
(Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act).
Construction Grants '
For 1989, the Agency requests a total of $1.5 billion for the Construction
Grants program of which $750 million is for construction grants and $750 million
is for State Revolving Funds (SRFs). The request supports a $12 billion phaseout
of the Construction Grants program with Federal funding continuing through
1993. A key component of this plan is the transition to the SRF program which
is already underway.
Research and Development
The 1989 President's Budget provides a total of $375.0 million and 1,848
workyears for our research program which represents an increase of $22.7
million and 17 workyears over the 1988 level.
In 1989, research on stratospheric ozone depletion will be significantly
expanded as part of a government-wide effort to better understand the causes
and effects of this potentially serious environmental problem. This research will
enable EPA policymakers to make informed decisions about the risks posed by
ozone depletion before recommending any additional controls on chlorofluoro-
carbons (CFC's) in 1994 as required by the recent Montreal Protocol.
Reducing uncertainties in risk assessment (RURA) will also be a major
priority of the Office of Research and Development (ORD). An additional $7
million will be devoted to RURA projects in 1989 to increase the Agency's ability
to make effective decisions on the nature and extent of environmental risks.
In addition, the 1989 research budget will focus on evaluating innovative and
alternative control technologies and mitigation techniques that provide cost-
effective solutions to such environmental problems as radon gas, Superfund site
cleanups, and disposal of cancelled/suspended pesticides.
Finally, the EPA's acid rain research program will continue the current effort
to provide the scientific information necessary to prepare the 1990 Assessment
Report to Congress.
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State and Local Grants
The President's 1989 Budget allocates $290 million to support State and local
environmental programs, an increase of $2.3 million from 1988 levels. The
request will increase funding for the Underground Storage Tank (UST) program
providing States the resources to expand their regulatory programs to incorpo-
rate Federal standards for leak detection, prevention, and corrective action.
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUST) Program
Under the President's 1989 Budget, the LUST program will receive 90
workyears and $50.0 million, an increase of 5 workyears and $10.6 million over
1988 levels. The Agency's request emphasizes the development of strong State
LUST programs, provides a 30% increase in cooperative agreements, and
strengthens enforcement activities to compel responsible party cleanup.
Title III
The Title III program will receive $17.9 million and 80 workyears under the
President's Budget for 1989. This request emphasizes the Toxic Substances
pro<*ram with funding for 48 workyears and $12.0 million, of which 11 workyears
and $2.0 million are for enforcement. The Agency will devote these resources to
making quality emissions inventory data available through a public data base
and to helping States develop their role as the first level of response to public
inquiries. Resources for enforcement will provide computer support, compliance
inspections, and case development. Regional staff will provide compliance
assistance to regulated industries and training to State and local authorities.
Enforcement
The President's 1989 Budget provides $298.6 million supported by 3,519
workyears for the Agency's enforcement programs. This is an increase of $19.5
million and 58 workyears above 1988 levels.
Under the Agency's request, the Superfund program will receive a majority
of the increase providing for an additional $10.3 million and 50 workyears in its
enforcement programs. Also, the hazardous waste and Title III enforcement
programs will be increased by $1.0 million and $1.5 million respectively.
8
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Summary
The President's 19$9 Budget for the Environmental Protection Agency
provides the Agency with the necessary resources to address the nation's most
critical environmental problems. It gives strong support to our new programs
and priorities such as the Clean Water Act, pesticides disposal, and increased
Superfund cleanup activities. It also ensures a stable base for the Agency's
operating programs. This year's budget once again reflects the Administration's
strong commitment to protect the environment.
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IN 1989, THE AGENCY'S BUDGET FOR SUPERFUND, LUST AND
THE OPERATING PROGRAMS WILL TOTAL ALMOST $3.3 BILLION
($ IN MILLIONS)
$3,279
£] OPERATING PROGRAMS
D SUPERFUND/LUST PROGRAMS
$3,120
$1,428
$1
FY80
FY81
FY82
FY83
FY84
FY85
FY86
FY87
FY88
FY89
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THE AGENCY'S TOTAL WORKYEAR CEILING
WILL INCREASE SLIGHTLY DURING FY1989
OPERATNG PROGRAMS
SUPERFUND/LUST PROGRAMS
13587
14268
14448
14570
FY80
FY81
FY82
FY83
FY84
FY85
FY86
FY87
FY88
FY89
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OPERATING
BUDGET
SUMMARY
13
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$246.5
($ MILLIONS)
$245.6
FY1987
ACTUALS
$256.7
FY1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
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PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
1707
(WORKYEARS)
1741
1748
FY1987
ACTUALS
FY1988
CURRENT
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AIR PROGRAM
HIGHLIGHTS
The President's 1 989 Budget provides 1,748 workyears and $256.7 million
for the Air program, representing an increase of 7 workyears and $11 .1 million
from 1988. The highlights of the 1989 Air program are as follows:
• Air Quality Planning and Standards Program will Focus on Ozone
Non-Attainment and Stratospheric Ozone Depletion: In 1989, the
EPA will receive 239 total workyears and $25.5 million for the above
programs, a decrease of 3 workyears and $0.8 million from 1988. This
program will support the post-1 987 ozone attainment strategy, implementa-
tion of the revised particulate matter (PM^) standard, and implementation
of domestic and international regulation of chlorofluorocarbons. The request
also continues implementation of a comprehensive strategy for controlling
toxic air pollutants as well as evaluating ways to address acid rain and indoor
air pollution. The decrease reflects the completion of some of the preliminary
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs)
development activities underway in 1988. .
State Grants Support Attainment of Ozone and PM^ Standards:
State and local grants under Section 105 of the Clean Air Act total $95.0
million, an increase of $2.4 million over 1988. The increase supports State
implementation of the post-1987 attainment policy for ozone and carbon
monoxide. In 1989, States will continue to focus on the three air pollution
problems emphasized in 1988: addressing post-1 987 ozone/carbon monoxide
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) non-attainment, meet-
ing the revised NAAQS for PM^, and reducing exposure to air toxics. Also,
States will continue to carry out key core activities including source surveil-
lance and compliance programs, operation of monitoring networks, and
maintenance of quality assurance programs.
Regional Monitoring and Air Quality Management Emphasizes
Ozone and Improved Data Systems: The Agency requests 446 workyears
and $23.8 million, which represents an increase of $2.1 million over 1988.
The increase supports development of emission factors and guidance for
post-1987 ozone State Implementation Plans (SIPs) and data bases for the
Regional ozone transport model, as well as development of an expanded air
quality data system. Regional programs will continue to provide effective
and timely policy guidance and technical consultation to States. Emphasis
will be placed on: restoration of environmental quality, particularly within
the remaining non- attainment areas; SIP revisions related to revised
NAAQS; and air toxics.
15
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Mobile Sources Emphasizes Ozone and Air Toxics:. The 1989 request
for mobile source air pollutant control and fuel economy totals 203 workyears
and $15.9 million, which represents anincreaseof $0.7 million over 1988. The
increase supports alternative fuels work and air quality attainment meas-
ures for ozone and carbon monoxide (CO) standards. The standards program
in 1989 will continue to emphasize controlling ozone precursors and air toxics,
focusing on fuel and fuel additive testing protocols, as well as implementation
of on-board refueling regulations. Specific technology assessment work will
focus on implementation of the post-1987 ozone/CO attainment strategy.
Also, additional testing of in-use vehicles will assess controlling CO emis-
sions under cold temperature conditions.
Mobile Source and Stationary Source Enforcement Increases
Slightly: The 1989 request for stationary and mobile source enforcement
totals 420 workyears and $23.7 million, representing an increase of 3
workyears and $0.9 million. Initiatives in 1989 include implementation of the
Agency's ozone control strategy through enforcement of the vehicle fuel
volatility rules and evaluation of volatile organic compound (VOC) rule effec-
tiveness in ozone non-attainment areas.
The stationary program will continue to ensure that noncomplying signifi-
cant sources are brought into compliance. The mobile source enforcement
program will continue to assist. States and local governments in adopting and
implementing their own tampering and fuel switching enforcement pro-
grams.
The Research and Development Program will Address Emerging Air
Pollution Problems: The 1989 request for the air research program is $72.5
million and 435 workyears, an increase of $6.7 million and 7 workyears. The
causes and effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, global climate change and
indoor air pollution will be studied to increase our understanding of the short
and long-term impacts of these environmental problems. The additional
resources in 1989 will be used to determine the effects of ozone depletion and
the resulting increased levels of ultraviolet radiation (UV-B) on ecosystems
and human health. Investment in these research programs now will enable
the program office to make informed decisions concerning future regulatory
and technology controls. In addition, research will be conducted to support
revisions of NAAQS, implementation of the air toxics strategy and attain-
ment of the ozone standard.
16
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17
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WATER QUALITY
($ MILLIONS)
$271.0
$261.0
FY1987
ACTUALS
FY1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
$265.8
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PRESIDENT'S
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2115
(WORKYEARS)
2245
FY1987
ACTUALS
FY1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
2235
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WATER QUALITY PROGRAM
HIGHLIGHTS
The President's 1989 Budget provides 2,235 workyears and $265.8 million
for water programs, an increase of $4.8 million and a reduction of 10 workyears
from 1988. Resource increases are directed to the new statutory requirements
of the amended Clean Water Act (CWA) and to the new or revised programs
authorized in the CWA.
The major themes of the water program in 1989 include the protection of
vulnerable and valuable ecosystems — especially near coastal waters and
wetlands — control of discharges of toxic and hazardous pollutants, transition
from the Construction Grants program to State Revolving Funds, maintenance
of environmental gains, and research to support the new requirements of the
CWA. The EPA is encouraging States to develop State Clean Water Strategies
as a means to integrate and prioritize the many new and ongoing requirements
of the CWA and achieve maximum water quality improvements.
• Protection of Vulnerable and Valuable Ecosystems: The EPA pro-
grams that address coastal areas, wetlands, nonpoint sources of pollution,
and the Great Lakes and Chesapeake Bay are central to the goal of protecting
critical water habitats. The 1989 Budget request includes $57.1 million
supported by 380 workyears for these programs, an increase of $5.5 million
over 1988.
The National Estuary program, under the new provisions of Section 320 of
the CWA, will include a total of 12 estuaries in 1989. The EPA will continue
the programs already underway in Albemarle/Pamlico Sounds, Buzzard's
Bay, Long Island Sound, Narragansett Bay, Puget Sound and San Francisco
Bay as well as initiate an additional six programs by 1989. In 1989, the EPA
will continue the near coastal waters initiative; this includes the national
baseline survey, pilot projects to identify innovative management tech-
niques, and activities to address pollution affecting the Gulf of Mexico.
Nonpoint Source (NPS) pollution is a major contributor of both toxic and
conventional pollutants and a significant cause of habitat destruction. The
EPA will work with the States in 1989 to upgrade the NPS assessments and
management plans that are submitted to the EPA in 1988, as required by
Section 319 of the CWA. The EPA will review and approve these submissions,
provide assistance to and monitor State implementation of management
plans, award grants to States under Section 205(j)(5), and ensure Federal,
State and local government consistency in NPS management.
19
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The wetlands program will include a new focus on advanced identification of
sensitive wetland areas. The EPA will study geographic areas with valuable
and vulnerable wetlands, assess activities in highrrisk areas, and involve
other Federal, State and local governments early in the regulatory process.
These activities will identify suitable regulated discharges in advance of
permit applications, accelerate permit decisions, and minimize interagency
disagreements concerning wetlands protection.
The Great Lakes program will continue to focus on the assessment and
control of toxic pollutants, consistent with the new Great Lakes Water
Quality Agreement with Canada and Section 118 of the amended CWA.
Continued implementation of the Chesapeake Bay program will also proceed
in accordance with a new agreement and authorization (Section 117 of the
CWA). Program activities will concentrate on water quality monitoring and
analysis, and implementation of nonpoint source controls and a Baywide
toxics control strategy.
Control of Toxic and Hazardous Pollutants: States must prepare and
submit to the EPA (by February 1989) an inventory of waters not achieving
water quality standards due to toxic pollutants, and develop individual
control strategies needed to achieve standards. The EPA will work with
States in 1989 to finalize these inventories and control strategies and will
issue, and/or modify major permits to include toxics/toxicity limits for
identified toxics problems. Including the Section 106 State grant, the 1989
Budget request includes $140.2 million supported by 1,097 workyears for
these programs, an increase of $13.9 million over 1988.
The EPA will provide increased assistance to States for toxics monitoring
and risk assessments. The Agency will also work with States as they revise
their water quality standards to include appropriate numeric or narrative
criteria for toxic pollutants. Pretreatment programs will be strengthened to
provide greater reduction of toxic pollutants. The EPA will also implement
a Toxics Control Strategy for NPDES enforcement that will require permit-
tee biomonitoring and toxics sampling.
Transition to State Revolving Funds: The transition from the Con-
struction Grants program to State Revolving Fund (SRF) programs is a key
aspect of the 1989 water program. Federally capitalized SRFs will enable the
Federal subsidy of municipal wastewater treatment to be phased out by
1994. SRFs will provide the financial resources that State and local
governments need to complete the municipal facilities still required to
comply with the CWA.
20
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The 1989 Budget request includes $43.4 million supported by 479 workyears
to manage this program, a reduction of $15 million from 1988 which reflects
the completion of three 1988 activities that were directed by Congress.
In 1989, the EPA will provide significant assistance to the States as they
design and implement SRF programs. The EPA will review and approve SRF
programs, award capitalization grants to States, and oversee implementa-
tion of SRFs consistent with the requirements of the CWA. The EPA will also
continue to administer the Construction Grants program with emphases on
cost-effective construction, prompt completion of grant-assisted projects, and
effective operation and maintenance of constructed facilities.
Maintain the Environmental Gains Already Achieved: With the many
new requirements of the CWA, it is essential to acknowledge the importance
of ongoing water quality programs.
In 1989, for the National Permit Discharge Elimination System, the EPA will
issue over 400 major municipal and industrial permits. Also, 1,900 inspec-
tions will be completed and a total of 500 administrative orders will be issued.
Related to the National Municipal Policy, the EPA expects to establish 225
municipal compliance schedules in consent decrees.
The EPA's water quality data systems will be expanded and enhanced in 1989
to enable improved management decisions. Key changes will include incor-
porating human health and aquatic life risks and improving the ability to
focus analysis on geographic areas.
Research to Support Clean Water Act Amendments: In 1989, the
budget for water quality research totals $25.1 million and 279 workyears, an
increase of $0.3 million over 1988. In response to new CWA requirements,
the program will focus on developing scientific data to support the develop-
ment of sludge regulations as well as provide health and environmental in-
formation on toxic chemicals. In addition, the program will develop technical
tools, such as bioassays, to enable the States to more effectively implement
their programs. The Great Lakes research program will be maintained at the
1988 level and will continue to conduct studies on the fate and effects of toxic
substances.
21
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DRINKING WATER
$102.5
$107.6
($ MILLIONS)
FY1987
ACTUALS
$103.5
FY1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
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PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
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FY1987
ACTUALS
FY1988
CURRENT
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DRINKING WATER PROGRAM
HIGHLIGHTS
The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments of 1986 significantly
expanded the EPA's responsibilities to ensure that the nation's drinking water
supplies are free from contamination which may pose a risk to public health. The
Amendments set a 1989 deadline for the Agency to regulate 83 specific contami-
nants. The States, and ultimately the systems themselves, will implement new
compliance responsibilities, including installation of filtration and pretreat-
ment technology and more rigorous monitoring for microbiological contami-
nants. The Agency will encourage States to implement and enforce other SDWA
activities such as the Underground Injection Control (UIC) and the Wellhead
Protection (WHP) program.
The President's 1989 Budget provides 746 workyears and $103.5 million
for the Drinking Water program. This is a decrease of $4.1 million from the 1988
current estimate. The reduction reflects the completion of Special Studies
mandated by Congress in 1988 and UIC permitting activities for Class n wells.
Major areas of emphasis in the Drinking Water program include the following:
• Set New Drinking Water Standards: The 1989 Budget provides $16.4
million and 112 workyears, an increase of $0.5 million over 1988. In 1989, the
program will promulgate standards for 34 toxic chemicals and radionuclides,
including radon, the last of the 83 contaminants specified in the Amend-
ments. The program will continue to establish Maximum Contaminant Level
Goals for new National Primary Drinking Water Regulations and establish
regulations for disinfection and treatment of water supplies. Compounds
that occur in drinking water as by-products of chemical disinfection will be
focal points for standard-setting. The Drinking Water program will build on
a pilot project for the Pesticides in Ground Water Survey and proceed with the
Survey in 1989.
• Improve Public Water Supply (PWS) Compliance: The program will
continue to place high priority on improving compliance with existing PWS
standards in primacy States and in States in which the EPA must assume
direct implementation, particularly for "significant non-compliers". In 1989,
the first new maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for 9 volatile organic com-
pounds will be in effect as well as the new surface water treatment rule and
a revamped microbiological MCL. The Agency will ensure that EPA and
State laboratory certification capacity is put into place for the 83 chemicals
and microbiological parameters that will embody the PWS compliance
program. Other program activities will focus on enforcement of lead plumb-
ing bans, revised public notice requirements for systems, and new ground
23
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rules for variances and exemptions. In 1989, the EPA will also be involved
in examining the capabilities of Indian tribal authorities to develop pro-
grams necessary to assume responsibility for PWS supervision, as author-
ized in the Amendments.
Continue Ground-Water Protection Programs: The Agency is request-
ing $6.9 million and 81 workyears for the Ground-Water Protection pro-
gram, approximately the same level as in 1988. The Agency will support the
Wellhead Protection (WHP) program by providing technical assistance and
support to States and Indian tribes in carrying out related activities, and by
coordinating with other Federal agencies on compliance with applicable
State laws and regulations. A key focus of the Ground-Water Protection
program will be to encourage States to design comprehensive strategies
which clearly determine the protection measures required for their ground-
water resources. The Agency will also assist States in developing or
implementing systems for determining the use, value and vulnerability of
ground-water resources using the EPA's classification guidelines. The
Agency will continue to review petitions for designation of sole source
aquifers (SSAs).
Maintain Enforcement of Underground Injection Control (UIC)
Program: The EPA will continue to enforce compliance with regulatory re-
quirements pertaining to underground injection practices where States
have no primary enforcement responsibility or fail to act ugainst violators
in a timely and appropriate manner. The program will implement the
mandated new monitoring requirements for waste disposal (Class I) injec-
tion wells and provide technical assistance and guidance to the 41 States
enforcing their own programs. The EPA will also provide recommendations
to States on the use of protective measures to control "high risk" practices
related to Class V ("miscellaneous") injection wells not now regulated.
Focus Research on Health and Ground-Water Studies: The Agency's
request of $22 million and 193 workyears for drinking water research will
provide the data necessary to support regulatory development, revisions
and implementation mandated by the Safe Drinking Water Act. In 1989, the
Health Effects Research program will concentrate on providing the scien-
tific base to develop maximum contaminant levels and health advisories for
selected contaminants with particular emphasis on identifying and charac-
terizing disinfectants and their by-products. Ground-water research will
provide both technical information and improved methods of predicting con-
taminant movement and transformation. In addition, research on in situ
restoration techniques may lead to more cost effective cleanup of aquifers.
24
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25
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
$256.4
($ MILLIONS)
$259.1
FY1987
ACTUALS
$262.4
FY1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
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PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
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FY1987
ACTUALS
FY1988
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HAZARDOUS WASTE PROGRAM
HIGHLIGHTS
The goal of the Hazardous Waste management program is to ensure that
human health and the environment are protected from the risks of hazardous
waste, through development and implementation of sound national waste man-
agement practices.
In 1989, the EPA will achieve several major regulatory milestones estab-
lished by the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1984. In
addition, the Agency will issue permits for all land disposal facilities and for a
substantial number of incineration facilities. The Agency will continue to
refocus its resources to meet new program directions.
The President's 1989 Budget provides $262.4 million and 1,493
workyears for the Hazardous Waste management program. This is an increase
of $3.3 million and 2 workyears from the EPA's 1988 Budget. Highlights of the
1989 Hazardous Waste program are as follows:
• Regulatory Efforts will Emphasize Emerging Issues of National Sig-
nificance such as Solid Waste Management: The EPA is requesting
$75.2 million and 337 workyears for regulations and guidelines, an increase
of $2.0 million and a decrease of 5 workyears from 1988 levels. The EPA will
significantly enhance its efforts on clear National standards and guidelines
for solid waste management to reduce the amount and risk of solid waste
disposal. The EPA will also continue its emphasis on banning untreated
hazardous waste from land disposal, and it will work to improve the
definition of wastes by evaluating the degree of hazard posed by a waste along
with the stringency of waste management standards. In addition, the
program will promulgate major regulations including financial responsibil-
ity regulations for underground storage tanks (UST) and corrective action
requirements. The Agency will also issue technical guidelines to supplement
completed rules.
• Similarly, Enforcement and Implementation Activities will Empha-
size Emerging Issues: The EPA is requesting $40.8 million and 485
workyears for enforcement activities, an increase of $1.0 million and 3
workyears over 1988 levels. The Agency will expand its efforts to monitor
corrective action at environmentally significant facilities and to enforce new
regulatory standards such as land ban requirements. The Agency will
continue to emphasize compliance monitoring and enforcement against
hazardous waste violators.
27
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Implementation activities will receive $30.1 million and 448 workyears, in-
creases of $5.1 million and 11 workyears. Major efforts will include meeting
the incinerator permitting deadline, processing increasing numbers of per-
mit modifications, providing technical assistance to States for UST program
implementation, and Title HI.
Our Strong Federal/State Relationship will Continue to Develop and
Mature: State grant resources will total $75.0 million, $66.0 million for Haz-
ardous Waste and $9.0 million for UST grants. This is an increase of $3.6
million over 1988 levels to support development of State UST programs,
corrective action, and permit processing. The Agency will also continue to
emphasize State program development and authorization for HSWA require-
ments.
In addition to grants, the Agency will develop cooperative agreements with
States to implement mining Waste programs and will work closely with
States to implement emergency preparedness and community-right-to-know
programs.
The Agency's Research Program will Support New Regulatory
Thrusts as well as Implementation Efforts: The Agency is providing
$41.3 million and 223 workyears for the Hazardous Waste research program.
Major research efforts in 1989 will focus on the development of analytical
methods and .isk assessments to support both hazardous waste identifica-
tion and waste-banning decisions. The research program will also continue
to seek improved methods for ground water monitoring. In addition, studies
will support waste minimization, treatment and disposal alternatives, emis-
sion controls for municipal waste combustors, and improved methods for the
installation, design, and monitoring of underground storage tanks.
28
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PESTICIDES
$71.3
($ MILLIONS)
FY1987
ACTUALS
$84.2
FY1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
$137.4
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PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
830
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(WORKYEAKS)
FY1987
ACTUALS
FY1988
CURRENT
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PRESIDENT'S
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30
-------
PESTICIDES PROGRAM
HIGHLIGHTS
The goal of the EPA's Pesticides program is to ensure that pesticides perform
their intended functions without unreasonable adverse effects on public health
and the environment. The EPA is charged with this responsibility under the
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and portions of the
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). The Agency's 1989 pesticide
regulatory strategy includes the following elements: 1) registration of new
products and control of pesticide residues in the food chain, 2) review and
reregistration of existing products, 3) assuring the correct and safe use of
pesticides, 4) significant progress on the storage and disposal of pesticides that
have been suspended and cancelled, and 5) research and development to support
and improve the Agency's ability to evaluate risks and benefits of pesticides.
The President's 1989 Budget provides 832 workyears and $137.4 million
for the Pesticides program, increases of 2 workyears and $53.2 million, respec-
tively, from 1988. Highlights of the 1989 President's Budget for the Pesticides
program are as follows:
• Continued Emphasis on Existing Pesticides: The Agency requests 319
workyears and $27.1 million to continue its efforts on existing chemicals
under the Generic Chemical Review program. In 1989, the Agency will place
major emphasis on the second round reviews of existing pesticides and
achieving closure on final reregistrations.
The Agency will continue to provide resources for the Special Review program
to conduct risk/benefit analyses of pesticides suspected of causing unreason-
able adverse health and environmental effects.
The Agency will begin the implementation of its strategy for dealing with the
problem of agricultural chemicals in groundwater.
• Disposal of Cancelled/Suspended Pesticides: The Agency is requesting
$60.0 million for the transportation, storage, and disposal of cancelled/ sus-
pended pesticides, an increase of $51.6 million from 1988. The Agency plans
to complete the disposal of ethylene dibromide (EDB) stocks and a significant
portion of the 2,4,5-T/Silvex stocks in 1988. In 1989, the large increase in
resources will enable the Agency to make significant progress on the final
disposal of 2,4,5-T/Silvex stocks and on the decanning, transportation,
storage, and disposal of dinoseb.
-------
• Continued Registration of Pesticides: The Agency requests 269
workyears and $17.0 million to continue efforts on the registration and
special registration of pesticides and the establishment of safe and enforce-
able maximum residue levels for pesticides.
The Agency will continue to give priority to applications for new chemicals
and new uses to facilitate the entry of new, potentially safer, chemicals into
the marketplace. Continued attention will also be given to biochemical/
microbial agents in order effectively to regulate these pesticides. The Pesti-
cides program expects to issue regulations in 1988 establishing user fees for
this program.
• Support of Pesticides Enforcement: The Agency requests 127 workyears
and $18.9 million to maintain its enforcement program. Regional programs
will continue to be the focus of compliance monitoring strategies in 1989.
Resources will be directed toward use enforcement ~ especially for new pro-
gram areas such as groundwater, farmworker safety, and endangered species
protection.
The Pesticides Enforcement program will continue to support State partici-
pation in the nationwide pesticides compliance monitoring program. Empha-
sis will continue to shift from marketplace compliance to use compliance.
The Agency will continue to assist States, through cooperative enforcement
agreements, with certification and training (C&T) of pesticide applicators.
Evaluation of State C&T programs for commercial applicators will begin and
Regional educational packages will be developed to meet emerging pesticide
issues such as pesticides in groundwater and endangered species protection.
• Support of Pesticides Disposal with Research: The Agency requests 116
workyears and $14.4 million for the Pesticides research and development
program, representing increases of 2 workyears and $1.5 million over 1988.
The 1989 resource increase will support the development and evaluation of
technologies for destruction and disposal of cancelled/suspended pesticides.
The pesticides research program will continue to develop the scientific
methods needed to assess risks to human health and the environment from
pesticides products. Research focused on determining the health and envi-
ronmental effects of genetically engineered pesticides will also continue.
32
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33
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RADIATION
$20.4
($ MILLIONS)
FY1987
ACTUALS
FY1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
$20.8
FY1989
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
177
(WORKYEARS)
181
FY1987
ACTUALS
FY1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
183
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PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
34
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RADIATION PROGRAM
HIGHLIGHTS
The President's 1989 Budget provides 183 workyears and $20.8 million for
this program, an increase of 3 workyears and $0.4 million from 1988. Highlights
of the 1989 program are as follows:
• Continued Support for Radiation Standards and Implementation:
The 1989 request for radiation standards and guidelines totals 53 workyears
and $4.2 million, a decrease of $2.0 million from 1988. The decrease reflects
completion of the revisions of the radionuclide National Emission Standards
for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) in accordance with the court
remand of established standards. The program will focus on three major
areas of regulatory effort: airborne radionuclides, radioactive waste man-
agement, and Federal guidance.
• Regional Offices Will Emphasize Technical Assistance to States on
Radon and Emergency Planning: In 1989, the Regional radiation
program will total 24 workyears and $1.2 million, an increase of 3 workyears
and $0.2 million from 1988. The increase is for technical assistance to States
in assessment and mitigation of radon sites. The program will also empha-
size technical assistance to States in the areas of emergency response
planning and in the characterization and identification of hazardous radio-
active waste sites.
• Emphasis on Radon Assessment and Monitoring: The 1989 request for
the radiation environmental impact assessment and Radon Action program
is 83 workyears and $11.4 million. The request represents a decrease of 3
workyears and an increase of $1.1 million from 1988. The decrease in
workyears reflects a shift in emphasis to the Regions working directly with
States to assess and mitigate radon, and the increase in dollars provides for
a radon information clearinghouse and mitigation contractor proficiency
program.
Other activities of this program will be to continue monitoring en-
vironmental radiation, participating in emergency preparedness and re-
sponse activities and support development of standards under the Clean Air
Act and Atomic Energy Act.
35
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The Research and Development Program will Focus on Testing
Radon Mitigation Techniques in a Variety of Housing Structures
Across the Country: In 1989, the request for radiation research and
development totals 23 workyears and $4.0 million. These resources include
18 workyears and $3.9 million, an increase of 3 workyears and $1.1 million
from the 1988 level, for engineering research to demonstrate techniques for
reducing exposure to radon gas in homes. Demonstrations will be conducted
in a variety of housing structures in different regions of the country and the
results will be used by the Office of Radiation Programs (ORP) to recommend
cost-effective mitigation techniques to the general public. In addition, the
mitigation manual for builders will be updated to include information on
innovative technologies.
The request also includes 61 reimbursable workyears to provide monitoring
support for the Department of Energy at the Nevada Test Site.
36
-------
37
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
$56.2
($ MILLIONS)
$61.7
FY1987
ACTUALS
FY1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
$69.8
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PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
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(WORKYEARS)
FY1987
ACTUALS
623
FY1988
CURRENT
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38
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INTERDISCIPLINARY PROGRAM
HIGHLIGHTS
The President's 1989 Budget provides 623 workyears and $69.8 million
for Interdisciplinary Programs, a decrease of 2 workyears and an increase of $8.1
million. Highlights of the 1989 President's Budget for the Interdisciplinary
program are as follows:
• The Agency Will Maintain Liaison with Other Federal Agencies and
Continue to Implement EPA Programs on Indian Reservations: The
budget request includes $12.7 million and 115 total workyears for these ac-
tivities. This represents no change in total workyears and ah increase of $0.4
million from 1988. The program will continue both to ensure that actions
undertaken by Federal agencies and their facilities comply with environ-
mental laws and statutes and to conduct environmental assessments of Fed-
erally funded municipal wastewater treatment projects and of permits issued
to new sources.
• The Agency Continues to Maintain an Effective Criminal and Civil
Enforcement Presence: The budget request includes $22.9 million and
417 total workyears for the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitor-
ing, an increase of 1 workyear and $0.5 million from 1988. This program will
continue to provide for full support to a national civil and criminal investiga-
tions program. Within the base program there will be continued emphasis
upon hazardous waste and water enforcement. Enforcement activity empha-
sis is on significant noncompliers and on the efforts successfully to resolve
on-going cases.
• The Research Program will Focus on Improving Environmental and
Health Risk Assessments: The intermedia program is composed of several
activities that cut across research media and are not readily assignable to a
specific media. The program consists of five major activities: scientific
assessments, technical information and liaison, exploratory research, qual-
ity assurance management, and an integrated program to reduce uncertain-
ties in risk assessment.
The budget request includes 91 workyears and $34.1 million for interdiscipli-
nary research, a decrease of 3 workyears and an increase of $7.2 million from
1988. These resources will be used to expand the integrated efforts initiated
in 1988 to reduce uncertainties in risk assessments. Emphasis will be placed
on the development of improved methods for measurement and estimation of
human and ecosystem risks to enable policymakers to make more effective
decisions on the appropriate responses to environmental problems. In
39
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addition, the EPA plans to strengthen and expand its technology transfer
program in order to enhance the State/EPA partnership. The base program will
continue to support basic, long-term research through the Exploratory Grants
and Centers program.
40
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41
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
($ MILLIONS)
$135.5
$130.2
FY1987
ACTUALS
FY1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
$95.0
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PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
874
874
(WORKYEARS)
817
FY1987
ACTUALS
FY1988
CURRENT
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PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
42
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) of 1976 provides authority to
protect human health and the environment from risks arising from the manu-
facture, processing, distribution, use or disposal of chemicals. TSCA covers
approximately 66,000 chemicals now in commerce and any new chemicals
introduced by industry.
The President's 1989 Budget provides 874 workyears and $95.0 million to the
Toxic Substances program, a decrease of $35.2 million from 1988. The largest
portion of the reduction reflects the EPA's decision not to request funds provided
in 1988 for asbestos abatement. The Federal Government has already provided
over $150 million to fund abatement projects which have greatly reduced the
problem. Funding of these activities should now be the responsibility of State
and local governments.
The highlights of the 1989 President's Budget for the Toxic Substances
Program are as follows:
• Implementation of the TSCA Biotechnology Program and Continu-
ation of a Responsive New Chemical Review Program: The 1989
President's Budget requests 253 workyears and $21.6 million, an increase of
8 workyears and $0.8 million over 1988, to fully implement the biotechnology
program. The rulemakings required for full implementation will be promul-
gated and a minimum of 35-50 biotechnology notices, which require interdis-
ciplinary scientific and technical expertise, will be reviewed. The President's
Budget also reflects continued emphasis on the New Chemical Review Pro-
gram in order to meet the 90-day statutory review period required by TSCA
Section 5. In addition, a more efficient follow-up program will be in place due
to the promulgation of the expedited follow-up Significant New Use Rule
(SNUR) in 1988. The Toxics program expects tojssue regulations in 1988
establishing user fees for the review of new chemicals.
• Reducing Significant Risks from Existing Chemicals: The 1989
President's Budget includes a request of 110 workyears and $11.2 million for
the TSCA Existing Chemical Program. The major priority is to implement
improvements to the tracking and disposal of PCB wastes and to obtain better
information on companies that handle and store PCB wastes prior to
disposal. These improvements will facilitate disposal as a significant amount
of PCBs are discontinued over the next several years. Other risk manage-
ment activities will focus on commercial use of asbestos, formaldehyde, and
chlorinated solvents. The Toxics program will implement improvements in
information gathering through the application of the Comprehensive Assess-
ment Information Rule (CAIR) promulgated in 1988.
43
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Using TSCA Authority to Support Agency Priorities: Resources in the
President's Budget will be used to implement an initiative to require industry
to test chemicals identified under Section 110 of the Superfund Amend-
ments and Reauthorization Act (SARA). The Toxic Substances Office will use
the test data to prepare toxicological profiles of the chemicals. The Chemi-
cal Testing program will also maintain emphasis on response to testing des-
ignations made by the Interagency Testing Committee (ITC) and on reaching
final test decisions on FTC designations from past years.
Establishing and Making Publicly Available the Emissions Inven-
tory Data Gathered Under the Title III Program: A total of 48
workyears and $12 million, including 11 workyears and $2.0 million for
enforcement, will be devoted to processing of emissions reports and making
the reports available on a public data base. The anticipated level of reporting
by industry is 300,000 reports annually. To the extent that this volume of
reporting does not occur, we will work to improve the overall quality of the
emissions inventory data and to help States develop their role as the first
level of response to public inquiries.
Ensuring Compliance With the Toxic Substances Control Act: The
President's Budget for 1989 will maintain a program that ensures compli-
ance with toxic substances regulations. A total of 184 workyears and $12.2
million will support EPA enforcement programs and cooperative agreements
in up to 21 States. The major objectives of the 1989 program are to improve
overall compliance assistance to the regulated community, to conduct com-
pliance inspections and provide case development, with particular emphasis
on PCB disposal sites and broker/transporter/storer facilities, and to manage
the laboratory data integrity program.
A Continued Focus on Addressing Asbestos Hazards in Schools: In
1989, the President's Budget includes 11 workyears and $3.4 million to main-
tain programs designed to address asbestos hazards in schools. The Asbestos
Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) of 1986 and the Asbestos School
Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA) of 1984 establish the need for compliance
activities and technical guidance. Emphasis in 1989 will be placed on
providing assistance and guidance to States and schools on activities re-
quired by AHERA, including the implementation of management plans and
the establishment of inspector and management planner certification and
training programs.
44
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Increased Research On Asbestos Sampling and Control Technolo-
gies: The Agency requests 188 workyears and $26.6 million for the Toxic
Substances research program. Research support to the Office of Toxic Sub-
stances will continue in the areas of test methods development and evalu-
ation, structure activity relationships, biomarkers, environmental engineer-
ing and technology, and biotechnology. Technical support in the area of risk
assessment methodologies will also continue. In 1989, increased research
emphasis will be placed on asbestos sampling protocols and control technolo-
gies.
45
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ENERGY
$62.6
($ MILLIONS)
$55.6
FY1987
ACTUALS
FY1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
$55.5
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PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
84
(WORKYEARS)
81
FY1987
ACTUALS
FY1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
79
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46
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ENERGY PROGRAM
HIGHLIGHTS
The President's 1989 Budget provides $55.5 million and 79 workyears for
energy research, a decrease of $0.1 million and 2 workyears from 1988. This
research provides the scientific information necessary to evaluate environ-
mental impacts and potential controls on the energy sector. The highlights of
the 1989 energy research program are as follows:
• Acid Rain Research: The EPA will reduce scientific uncertainties about
acid rain through research coordinated by the Interagency Task Force of the
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP). In 1989, EPA
funding for acid rain research will be approximately the same level as in 1988.
Total Federal funding for acid rain research in 1989 will be roughly the same
level as in 1988.
In 1989, the EPA's acid rain research program emphasizes projects in six
major areas that will provide information for the 1990 NAPAP Assessment
Report to Congress. First, air emissions inventories (wet and dry) will be
refined to develop trends on acid rain precursor emissions. Second, the
Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM) will be evaluated to determine how
changes in air emissions affect acid deposition across the nation. Third, a
classification system of surface waters acidification potential will be devel-
oped to target monitoring activities on those surface waters that might be
adversely affected by continued acid rain. Fourth, theoretical causes of forest
damage will be tested to assess the exact effects of acid rain on forests. Fifth,
material damage will be researched to assess the effects of acid rain on
building materials and paints. Finally, "cost of control" data will be developed
to help evaluate acid rain control strategies.
• LIMB Control Technology Research: The LIMB (Limestone Injection
Multistage Burner) research program develops and evaluates emission
control technologies that will remove sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides
(NOx) from the flue gases of coal-fired boilers. If these technologies are
successfully demonstrated, they may prove to be a cost-effective method of
controlling air emissions which are acid rain precursors. In 1989, funding for
LIMB research will roughly the same level as in 1988.
47
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Clean Coal Technology (CCT) Demonstration Program: The Joint
Report of the Special Envoys on Acid Rain in 1986 recommended the
initiation of a five-year, $5 billion program to foster demonstrations of
innovative technologies to control acid rain. Half of the funding ($2.5 billion)
will be provided by the Federal Government, the other half by the private
sector. The Department of Energy (DOE) has major Federal responsibility
for implementing this program. The EPA will work with the DOE in imple-
menting this demonstration program on innovative acid rain controls.
48
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49
-------
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
$334.4
($ MILLIONS)
$355.6
FY1987
ACTUALS
FY1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
$362.1
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PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
2855
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2796
(WORKYEARS)
FY1987
ACTUALS
FY1988
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BUDGET
50
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
The President's FY1989 Budget requests 2,855 total workyears and $362.1
million for management and support, an increase of $6.5 million with no change
in workyears.
Highlights of the 1989 President's Budget for Management and Support are
as follows:
• Policy and Planning will Continue to Emphasize Regulatory Re-
view, Risk Assessment and Management: The budget provides 294
workyears and $27.4 million to support the Agency's policy analysis efforts.
Particular emphasis will be placed on studies to evaluate the economic
impact of EPA's regulations, analysis of risk management across Agency
programs and the expansion of the Agency's knowledge in the area of
economic benefits. Management tracking systems will continue to be given
priority. The potential impacts of global climate change will continue to be
examined as well.
• Legal Support for Agency Priorities: The budget for legal services
supports a total of 219 workyears and $11.8 million to provide legal advice
and assistance to Agency managers. This represents no change from 1988.
The program will continue to assure legal consistency in policies and deci-
sion-making throughout the Agency. In addition, this program defends the
Agency in all litigation filed against it.
• Better Relations with Congress, the Public, State and Local Govern-
ments, and Other Federal Agencies: The budget provides 141 workyears
and $8.1 million for the Office of External Affairs. This represents an
increase of $.2 million. This office provides Agency outreach functions such
as Congressional, legislative, and community relations programs.
• Continued Implementation of the Waste, Fraud, and Abuse Preven-
tion Program: The budget provides 228 workyears and $16.0 million to
support the Office of the Inspector General. This is an increase of $0.6 million
with no change in workyears over 1988. The Inspector General will continue
its fraud prevention program as well as continue existing audit and investi-
gative efforts within the Agency.
• Continued Administrative and Financial Management Services to
the Programs: The budget provides 1,385 workyears and $66.5 million for
Headquarters and Regional components of the Office of Administration and
51
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Resources Management. This represents an increase of $2.6 million over
1988. The Office of Administration and Resources Management will build on
progress already achieved in assuring a strong system of financial internal
controls, integrating financial management systems in accordance with
Circular A-l 27, placing greater emphasis on achieving significant productiv-
ity improvements, and ensuring sufficient administrative support to Agency
programs.
Establishing a Private Sector Initiative: A program is being established
within the Office of Administration and Resources Management to encourage
privatization of activities which can be more efficiently operated by the
private sector. An example of this approach is the Construction Grants
program where the State Revolving Fund will encourage private construc-
tion and operation of sewage treatment plants that are less costly.
Increased Agency-wide Services: The budget contains $190.9 million for
support services, an increase of $15.5 million over 1988. These resources will
provide for general support services such as rent, utilities, maintenance,
laboratory support, postage and supplies to all Agency programs. The
support accounts also provide for agency-wide data processing networks and
support for Agency laboratories.
Address Critical Repairs and In-House Environmental Compliance:
The budget contains $8.0 million for buildings and facilities. Repair and
improvement funds will be used to address critical repairs related to em-
ployee health and safety, required alterations, and maintenance and energy
conservation efforts. The Agency will emphasize projects to bring EPA
facilities into compliance with environmental regulations.
The Agency Plans to Design and Construct a New Facility in Gulf
Breeze, Florida: The budget contains $1.9 million to support the new
laboratory in Florida. This facility will enable the Agency to evaluate bio-
technological applications and methods that will address problems of permit
application and issuance and assure the protection of human health and the
environment.
52
-------
53
-------
SUPERFUND
55
-------
SUPERFUND
$1,050.7
($ MILLIONS)
$1,499.5
FY1987
ACTUALS
FY1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
$1,700.0
^V $1,600.0 >V
-------
SUPERFUND PROGRAM
HIGHLIGHTS
The basic authority under which the Agency addresses threats from uncon-
trolled hazardous waste sites is the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act of 1981 (CERCLA) as amended by the Super-
fund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA). Superfund is
financed primarily by excise taxes on petroleum and certain chemical feedstocks,
a corporate environmental tax, cost recoveries, and general revenues.
SARA significantly broadens Superfund authorities in key response, enforce-
ment, and research areas. It establishes cleanup standards and mandatory
schedules to ensure rapid and permanent solutions in cleaning up the nation's
worst hazardous waste sites. It expands State and public participation in the
cleanup process and ensures that response actions at Federal facilities are
addressed in a timely fashion.
In carrying out its mandate to protect public health and the environment
from emergency and long-term threats from uncontrolled hazardous wastes, the
EPA will provide direct Federal site cleanup or will initiate enforcement actions
to compel responsible parties to clean up. When direct Federal action occurs, the
EPA will seek to recover the cleanup costs from those responsible.
The 1989 President's Budget for Superfund represents a significant commit-
ment to eliminate the health and environmental problems caused by inadequate
waste disposal practices of the past. The budget provides the Agency with
$1,600.0 million in new authority and $100.0 million in prior year funds
anticipated to be available supported by 2,750 workyears. The plan represents
an increase of $200.5 million and 117 workyears over 1988 operating levels and
reflects the aggressive effort made to sustain the momentum regained in 1987
and 1988.
Highlights of the President's Budget for 1989 areas follows:
• The EPA will Expand the Number of Site Designs and Constructions
in 1989: The EPA is requesting $1,218.5 million supported by 1133 total
workyears for site response. This represents an increase of $78.9 million and
49 total workyears, not including the $100 million in anticipated prior year
funds.
Over half of this funding will support the 75 remedial designs and 50 con-
structions which the EPA plans to initiate in 1989. However, the total
cleanup program managed by the Agency is significantly higher as respon-
57
-------
sible parties and other Federal agencies begin to play an expanded role in
these final cleanup phases. They are expected to initiate 79 designs and 37
constructions in 1989. Together this represents a 10 percent increase in
designs and a 20 percent increase in constructions over 198S levels.
The Agency also intends to implement site planning work at 70 sites for
eventual Fund-financed cleanup efforts. Responsible parties and other
Federal agencies are expected to start planning activities at an additional 53
sites. By the end of 1989, planning work will have been initiated at nearly 900
National Priorities List sites.
The EPA will Continue to Strengthen its Emergency Response Capa-
bilities: The Agency will continue an aggressive removal program providing
short-term emergency cleanup actions. Expanded removal authorities in the
statute will provide more extensive cleanups. Removals will be consistent
with future remedial actions at those sites where additional cleanup meas-
ures will be required.
Enforcement Activities Increase to Provide Technical Oversight of
Responsible Party (RP) Response and Legal Support: The Agency is
requesting $131.5 million, supported by 1,027 workyears, for enforcement
activities. This represents an increase of $10.3 million and 51 workyears
from the 1988 level. Resource increases requested will primarily support
direct technical oversight of RP remedial response actions. During 1989, the
Agency expects to begin oversight of 70 remedial designs and 35 remedial
actions conducted by RPs. This represents an increase of 16 remedial design
and 16 remedial action starts above 1988.
Increases also provide support for cases to compel RPs to undertake response
action and for new and ongoing cases to recover Trust Fund monies where a
Federal response action has been completed.The Agency's aggressive cost
recovery efforts will continue to expand and improve through better coordi-
nation among Agency offices.
The EPA will also provide greater technical assistance to other Federal
agencies that are addressing hazardous waste sites on their own facilities.
Other Federal Agencies will Continue to Provide Support for the
EPA's Implementation of SARA: The EPA is requesting $87.0 million for
other Federal agencies, an increase of $2.9 million from 1988. Over 65
percent of the interagency budget is targeted to support the significantly
expanded health authorities under SARA. These activities are primarily
conducted by the Department of Health and Human Services. Consistent
58
-------
with the Agency's emphasis on strengthening its enforcement efforts, the
Department of Justice will receive greater resources to ensure adequate
support of its larger caseload.
Increased Research to Improve Cleanup Technology: The Agency
requests 103 workyears and $66.8 million for the Superfund research pro-
gram, an increase of 17 workyears and $8.4 million over 1988. The Superfund
research program supports the Agency, States, and industry in resolving
technical problems which inhibit the effective implementation of removal
and remedial actions. The research program also supports the commerciali-
zation of alternative and innovative treatment technologies for use in
response actions through the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
(SITE) program. In 1989, research to evaluate biological treatment systems
for cleanup at Superfund sites will be increased as will research to develop
advanced monitoring techniques for use in the field. In addition, $5.0 million
will be provided for the University Research Centers established in 1988.
The EPA Plans Enhanced Administrative Support, Financial Man-
agement, Legal Counsel, and Management: A total of 488 workyears and
$96.1 million is requested for administrative and management services to
support the Superfund program. While the 1989 resource levels remain the
same as in 1988, the Agency expects to enhance its management support
activities through productivity savings. The Agency will emphasize the
award and monitoring of an increasing number of Superfund contracts and
grants, recruitment for Superfund employees, development of property
management procedures for Superfund contracts, and meeting the program's
demand for new and revised information systems. The Agency will also
continue to implement improvements in financial documentation procedures
for cost recovery cases.
59
-------
LUST
61
-------
LUST
$50.0
$20.3
($ MILLIONS)
$39.4
FY1987
ACTUALS
FY1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
' X X X X
\ \
' X X X X
\ \
\\'''
V
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE
TANKS (LUST) TRUST FUND
PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
The goal of the LUST program is to assure timely and appropriate response
to leaking underground petroleum tanks. While owners and operators have the
primary responsibility for cleanup, the LUST Trust Fund provides a supplemen-
tal response capability, particularly for abandoned sites. The Agency is imple-
menting this program through cooperative agreements with States.
The President's 1989 Budget provides 90 workyears and $50.0 million for
the LUST Trust Fund, an increase of 5 workyears and $10.6 million over 1988
levels. The highlights of the 1989 LUST program are as follows:
• The Agency will Emphasize the Development of Strong State Pro-
grams: States will receive $40.5 million for cooperative agreements, an
increase of $10.1 million over 1988 levels. Most States already have generic
cooperative agreements in place. Through these agreements, the Agency will
target resources to increase the number of response activities and cleanups
in States with highly developed programs, while continuing program devel-
opment in other States.
• The Agency will Work with States to Strengthen Enforcement Activi-
ties in order to Compel Responsible Party Cleanup: The new leak
detection requirement is expected to increase significantly the number of
leaks reported. States will emphasize response by owners/operators through
enforcement and oversight activities. When States actually perform clean-
ups, they will seek recovery of appropriate costs. The EPA will directly
respond only in a very limited number of cases.
• The Agency will Continue to Provide Guidelines and Oversight for
State Activities: These include guidelines on financial responsibility, cor-
rective action, enforcement, cost recovery, and Fund management systems.
The Agency will also provide technical assistance on remedial technologies,
and will work with States to evaluate and identify improvements to their
programs.
63
-------
CONSTRUCTION
GRANTS
65
-------
OUR CONSTRUCTION GRANTS REQUEST IS
CONSISTENT WITH THE $12 BILLION PHASEOUT
($ IN MILLIONS)
$2,361
$2,304
$1,600
$750
CONSTRUCTION
GRANTS
FY1987
ACTUALS
FY1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
FY1989
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
-------
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
HIGHLIGHTS
The Administration supports a $12 billion phaseout of the Construction
Grants program. This level of Federal funding for 1986-1993 will provide a
smooth transition to State and local self-sufficiency in financing wastewater
treatment facilities. The $12 billion provides the Federal funding needed to
complete, ongoing phased and segmented projects and bring existing facilities
into compliance with secondary treatment requirements.
A key component of this plan is the transition to the State Revolving Funds
(SRFs) program, which is already underway. For 1989, the Agency requests a
total of $1.5 billion for the Construction Grants appropriation, of which $750
million is for construction grants and $750 million is for State revolving funds.
• Transition to State Revolving Funds (SRFs): The Clean Water Act, as
amended by the Water Quality Act of 1987, provides for a complete transition
from the current Construction Grant program to SRFs by 1991. For 1989,
one-half of the authorized funding can be used only to capitalize SRFs. The
authorized forms of local assistance for SRFs include low-interest/long-term
loans, refinancing, loan guarantees and bond insurance for wastewater treat-
ment facility construction. Additionally, once a State's wastewater facility
needs are satisfied, similar assistance can be provided for nonpoint source
management and estuary protection programs.
Several States are expected to submit SRF program proposals to the EPA in
1988, and it is estimated that twelve SRF programs will be approved. Nearly
all the remaining States will submit their programs for approval in 1989, and
by 1990 essentially all States will have approved SRFs. The EPA will work
with States to assure that these programs will be self-sustaining after Federal
financial assistance is phased out. An important aspect of the transition to
SRFs will be greatly increased State control and responsibility for wastewater
treatment construction assistance and program management.
• SRF Payments by Letter of Credit: The Agency has worked with the Office
of Management and Budget (OMB) and the Congress to develop a payment
system for SRFs consistent with the Intergovernmental Cooperation Act and
the Clean Water Act. The letter of credit (LOG) payment system which is
being implemented provides for the cash needs of State programs at the time
cash is demanded to support project-related needs. This system provides for
all authorized uses of SRF funds, including leveraging. However, cash is not
made available in advance of a project-related need (e.g. cash is not available
to States solely for the purpose of earning interest), thus avoiding unwar-
ranted outlays of Federal funds.
67
-------
Protecting Existing Federal Investment: Under the Clean Water Acfef
the EPA has obligated over $48 billion in construction grant funds for tne
construction of wastewater treatment facilities. Nearly 5,000 of the grant-
assisted projects are either still under construction or are in various stages
of completion. The EPA will continue to work with the States to ensure
effective construction, timely completion and closeout, and effective opera-
tion and maintenance of these facilities.
Over the past 15 years, the EPA has developed significant expertise in cost-
effective wastewater treatment designs and construction techniques, local
revenue systems, effective facility operations and maintenance, and overall
program and project management. As the direct Federal role in the munici-
pal wastewater treatment program draws to a close, one of the Agency's goals
is to effectively transfer this expertise to State and local governments.
68
-------
RESEARCH
AND
DEVELOPMENT
69
-------
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
$375.0
$349.1
$352.3
($ MILLIONS)
mmm
'XXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXX
'XXXXXXXXX.
XXXXXXXXXX
'XXXXXXXXX.
\ X X \ •>. \ \ \ \. \
XXXXXXXXXX'
XXXXXXXXXX
'x'x x x x'x'x'x'x'x,
/xxxxxxxxxJ
XXXXXXXXX Xl
'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. J
k»."'.>.>>-'. '.
x".x\x\x".x".x x x x x
N \\X\\\\SS
Uxxxxxxxxx
\ \ \\\\\\\\
FY1987
ACTUALS
FY1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
FY1989
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
1,848
1,833
(WORKYEARS)
1,831
"X ~t~t~f~f t t
"/ V / / x x / /
\x\\\\\s\v
'XX X X X f f t f
FY1987
ACTUALS
FY1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
FY1989
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
70
-------
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
SUMMARY
The 1989 President's Budget for the EPA's Research and Development Pro-
gram totals $375.0 million and 1,848 workyears. This represents an increase
of $22.7 million and 17 workyears over the 1988 level, or 6 percent in dollars and
1 percent in workyears..
The goals of our research program are to develop the scientific data needed
by Agency decisionmakers to select the most cost-effective and environmentally
safe means of achieving environmental results; to provide the necessary scien-
tific data in support of the Agency's statutory and regulatory responsibilities;
and to advance our state of knowledge on those environmental problems we do
not yet fully understand.
To implement these goals in 1989, the EPA's Research and Development pro-
gram will emphasize research in the following areas:
• Understanding Stratospheric Ozone Depletion: The recent Montreal
Protocol has focused international attention on the causes and effects of
stratospheric ozone depletion. The Protocol requires the United States and
other participating nations to tighten controls on chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
by 1994. As part of a government-wide effort to better understand the
impacts of?, depleted ozone layer and the resulting increases in ultraviolet
radiation (UV-B), the Agency is significantly increasing research on the
environmental and human health effects associated with increased levels of
UV-B.
In 1989, the EPA's stratospheric ozone depletion program will be funded at
a level of $8.6 million, an increase of $7.3 million over 1988. This research will
enable the EPA policymakers to make informed decisions about the risks
posed by stratospheric ozone depletion before recommending any additional
controls in 1994.
• Evaluating Control Technologies To Provide Cost Effective Solu-
tions To Environmental Problems: Environmental problems such as
Superfund site cleanups, radon gas, and cancelled/suspended pesticides
present a major challenge to the Agency because few inexpensive and
environmentally safe solutions to these problems currently exist. In re-
sponse, the 1989 research budget will focus on evaluating innovative and
alternative control technologies and mitigation techniques that provide cost-
effective solutions. Under the Superfund program a new initiative will be
undertaken to evaluate biological treatment systems which may reduce the
cost of cleaning up Superfund sites. The Agency's radon mitigation program
will demonstrate techniques to alleviate the radon problem in new and
71
-------
existing homes. Finally, research will be increased to support the testing and
evaluation of technologies for environmentally safe destruction and disposal
of pesticides cancelled and suspended under the Federal Insecticide, Fungi-
cide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA).
• Reducing Uncertainties in Risk Assessments: In order to make effective
decisions, policymakers must have precise information on the nature and
extent of health and environmental risks. In 1989, research to reduce
uncertainties in risk assessments (RURA) will be increased by $7.0 million
to improve the Agency's assessments of environmental and health risks.
Emphasis will be placed on developing improved methods for measurement
and estimation of human exposure and response to pollutants. In addition,
new methods to measure ecosystem risks will be examined.
• Providing Scientific Data on the Causes and Effects of Acid Rain:
Acid Rain remains one of today's most complex environmental issues. The
1989 research program will continue the effort to reduce scientific uncertain-
ties about acid rain through research coordinated by the Interagency Task
Force of the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP).
Such research will ultimately provide information and predictive tools for the
1990 NAPAP Assessment Report to Congress on acid deposition. Research
will focus primarily on evaluating models developed to predict acid deposition
from air emission levels and determining the extent of actual (and potential)
damage to the aquatic and terrestrial environment.
• Promoting Technology Transfer Activities to Enhance Program
Performance: Recently reauthorized environmental statutes such as the
Clean Water Act, Superfund, and the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA) Amendments mandate increased involvement by State and local
governments. As more and more States and localities move to implement
these environmental programs, it will become increasingly important that
the EPA provide the necessary technical tools and information. In 1989, the
Agency plans to strengthen and expand its technology transfer activities so
as to enhance the performance of our State and local partners. As part of this
program, the Office of Research and Development (ORD) will establish a
Regional Scientists program in which laboratory personnel will rotate to
positions in the ten EPA Regional Offices to further understand regional and
State needs and enhance technology transfer in the field.
1989 Research and Development Resources
Funding for the EPA's Research and Development program is provided
through four major appropriations. The following table summarizes the 1989
Budget request for each of these appropriations.
72
-------
President's Budget Request for Research and Development
By Appropriation
(Dollars in Millions)
1989 Change From
Appropriation Total Dollars 1988 Level
Salaries & Expenses $110.4 + $3.7
Research & Development 197.0 +10.6
Superfund 66.8 + 8.4
LUST Trust Fund Q.8 -__
Total $375.0 +$22.7
The structure of the research program also tracks with the Agency's regula-
tory programs. Research is provided to support each of the media programs as
follows:
President's Budget Request for Research and Development
by Media
(Dollars in Millions)
1989 Change From
Research Program Total Dollars 1988 Level
Air $72.5 +$6.7
Water Quality 25.1 + 0.4
Drinking Water 22.0 -0.5
Hazardous Waste 41.3 - 3.4
Pesticides 14.4 +1.5
Radiation 4.0 +1.1
Interdisciplinary 34.2 + 7.2
Toxic Substances 26.6 - 0.2
Energy/Acid Rain 55.5 - 0.1
Superfund/LUST 67.6 + 8.4
Management & Support 11.8 +1.6
Total $375.0 +$22.7
73
-------
A description of the major emphasis of each medium's research activities in
1989 and changes from 1988 is described below.
• Air Research: This research area will be increased $6.7 million (10%) to
support a significant expansion in stratospheric ozone depletion research.
Other emerging programs such as characterizing the effects of global climate
change and assessing the environmental risks of indoor air pollutants will
continue. Research to support revisions of National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS) and the air toxics program will also be conducted.
• Water Quality Research: This research area will be increased $0.4 million
(1 %) to support the mandates of the 1987 Clean Water Act Amendments. The
program will focus on the development of scientific data to support sludge
regulations as well as provide health and environmental information on toxic
chemicals of concern. The Great Lakes Program will be maintained at the
1988 level.
• Drinking Water Research: This research area will be decreased by $0.5
million (2%) reflecting the completion of toxicological testing for the first set
of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) priority pollutants. Emphasis will
be placed on identifying and characterizing the health impact of disinfectants
and their by-products. In addition, research on in situ restoration techniques
may lead to a more cost-effective cleanup of contaminated aquifers.
• Hazardous Waste Research: This research area will be decreased $3.4
million (8%) reflecting the elimination of funding for an outside research
center and the shifting of some personnel to the technology evaluation
program under Super-fund. Emphasis will be placed on research into
alternatives to conventional means of disposing of and destroying wastes.
Research on controlling emissions from municipal waste combustors will also
be conducted.
• Pesticides Research: This research area will be increased by $1.5 million
(12%) to support the testing and evaluation of technologies for the destruction
and disposal of pesticides cancelled/suspended under FIFRA. In addition,
emphasis will be placed on developing scientific methods to assess risks to
human health and the environment from exposure to pesticide products.
Research will also be focused on determining the health and environmental
effects of genetically engineered pesticides.
• Radiation Research: This research area will be increased $1.1 million
(36%) to expand the number of demonstrations of techniques for reducing
exposure to indoor radon gas in new and existing housing structures.
74
-------
Interdisciplinary Research: This research area will be increased by $7.2
million (27%) to support a new program, initiated in 1988, on reducing
uncertainties in risk assessments. This new research area is designed to
improve the EPA's assessments of environmental and health risks in order
to reduce uncertainties in risk management decisions. Exploratory research
grants and centers will be funded at approximately the 1988 level of $12.8
million.
Toxic Substances Research: This research area will be maintained at
approximately the 1988 level. Increased emphasis iri 1989 will be placed on
evaluating asbestos sampling protocols and control technologies. Research
support to the Office of Toxic Substances will continue in the areas of: test
methods development and evaluation; environmental engineering and tech-
nology; and biotechnology.
Energy/Acid Rain Research: This research area will be funded at $55.5
million, approximately the 1988 level. Research will emphasize projects that
provide information and predictive tools for the 1990 Assessment Report to
Congress by the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP).
In addition, the Limestone Injection Multistage Burner (LIMB) program will
continue to evaluate retrofit boiler technology to reduce sulphur oxides (SOx)
and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in emissions. This program will be coordinated
with the Department of Energy's Clean Coal Technology program.
Superfund Research: This research area will be increased $8.4 million
(14%) to support the EPA, the States, and industry in resolving technical
problems which inhibit the effective implementation of removal and remedial
actions at Superfund sites. In addition, the research program is supporting
the commercialization of alternative and innovative treatment techniques
for use in response actions through the Superfund , Innovative Technology
Evaluation (SITE) program. In 1989, a new initiative will be undertaken to
evaluate biological treatment systems (biosystems) which may reduce the
cost of cleaning up Superfund sites.
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUST) Research: This pro-
gram will be maintained at the 1988 level. This research program provides
technical support to the EPA's Office of Underground Storage Tanks, EPA
Regions, States, and local agencies responsible for the implementation of the
LUST Trust Fund Program. Technical support will focus on providing
scientific expertise on low cost approaches for assessing site contamination
and evaluating remedial technologies.
75
-------
STATE AND
LOCAL GRANTS
77
-------
EPA MAINTAINS STABLE STATE GRANT
RESOURCE LEVELS FOR 1988 & 1989
($ IN MILLIONS)
$302
$290
QO
$272
$262
FY80
FY81
FY 82 FY 83
FY84
FY85 FY86 FY87 FY88 FY89
-------
STATE AND LOCAL GRANTS
The President's 1989 Budget allocates $290.0 million to support State and
local environmental programs, an increase of $2.3 million from 1988.
Recognizing the important role these grant programs play in maintaining
and improving environmental quality in the States, the President's Budget for
1989 continues to maintain the commitment for these essential programs while
addressing necessary fiscal constraints throughout the Federal Government.
• Addressing a Critical Area of Concern: In order to provide sufficient
support for major environmental problems in the States, the President's
Budget increases funding for the Underground Storage Tank program. This
increase in resources will allow the States to expand their regulatory
programs to incorporate Federal standards on leak detection, prevention and
corrective action. This increase will enable the EPA to fulfill requirements
under the Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended.
• Maintaining the State-Federal Partnership: The President's Budget
recognizes the need to maintain and, where appropriate, improve the part-
nership that has developed and matured over the years. The funding levels
proposed for 1989 recognize that the continued support of the States is
necessary if we are to meet our statutory environmental goals and also
address the pressing national need to control Federal expenditures.
The following chart shows State and local grants by program area:
79
-------
STATE AND LOCAL GRANTS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
1987
ACTUAL
OBLIGATIONS
1988
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1989
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
1989-1988
DIFFERENCE
AIR
SECTION 105 $94,570.1
WATER QUALITY
SECTION 106 71,100.1
CLEAN LAKES 4,765.4
DRINKING WATER
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM
PROGRAM GRANTS 33,391.0
UNDERGROUND INJECTION
CONTROL PROGRAM 9,756.6
oo WELLHEAD PROTECTION 0.0
0 SPECIAL STUDIES 2,600.0
HAZARDOUS WASTE
H.W. FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE . 62,919.5
H.W. MGMT INITIATIVES 1,208.7
UNDERGROUND STORAGE
TANKS 6,903.1
PESTICIDES
PESTICIDES ENFORCEMENT
GRANTS 8,624.2
PESTICIDES CERTIFICATION
AND TRAINING 2,482.9
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ENFORCEMENT GRANTS 2,241.7
TOTAL $300,563.3
$95,000.0
62,100.0
0.0
33,450.0
9,500.0
8,000.0
0.0
66,000.0
0.0
6,700.0
8,703.4
4,000.0
2,200.0
$295,653.4
$92,603.4
60,850.0
0.0
33,450.0
11,500.0
0.0
3,000.0
64,812.0
0.0
6,579.0
8,703.4
4,000.0
2,200.0
$287,697.8
$95,000.0
62,100.0
0.0
33,450.0
9,500.0
0.0
0.0
66,000.0
0.0
9,000.0
8,703.4
4,000.0
2,200.0
$289,953.4
+$2,396.6
+1,250.0
0.0
0.0
-2,000.0
0.0
-3,000.0
+1,188.0
0.0
+2,421.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
$2,255.6
-------
APPENDIX:
BUDGET TABLES
81
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SUMMARY OF AGENCY RESOURCES
BY MEDIA
(WORKYEARS)
MKDTA
AIR
WATER QUALITY
DRINKING WATER
HAZARDOUS WASTE
PESTICIDES
RADIATION
INTERDISCIPLINARY
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ENERGY
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
REIMBURSEMENTS
SUBTOTAL OPERATING PROGRAMS
FY1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1,740,9
2,245.3
746.1
1,491.0
829.5
180.6
625.2
873.6
80.6
2,855.2
62.0
11,730.0
FY1989
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1,747.9
2,235.3
746.1
1,492.9
831.7
183.2
623.5
873.6
79.1
2,854.7
62.0
11,730.0
1989.1988
DIFFERENCE
TOTAL
DOT.T.ARS
+7.0
-10.0
0.0
+1.9
+2.2
+2.6
-1.7
0.0
-1.5
-.5
0.0
0.0
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE
RESPONSE TRUST FUND
LEAKING UNDERGROUND
STORAGE TANK
TRUST FUND
2,633.0
85.0
2,750.0
90.0
+117.0
+5.0
GRAND TOTAL
14,448.0
14,570.0
+122.0
82
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SUMMARY OF AGENCY RESOURCES
BY MEDIA
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
MEDIA
AIR
WATER QUALITY
DRINKING WATER
HAZARDOUS WASTE
PESTICIDES
RADIATION
INTERDISCIPLINARY
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ENERGY
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
FY1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
$245,589.5
261,005.5
107,583.3
259,105.1
84,231.8
20,438.1
61,668.0
130,225.7
55,620.3
355,575.0
SUBTOTAL OPERATING PROGRAMS 1,581,0423
FY1989
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
$256,666.9
265,784.6
103,480.5
262,427.6
137,420.0
20,799.9
69,825.4
95,007.6
55,457.5
362,130.0
1,629,000.0
1989-1988
DIFFERENCE
TOTAL
nOT.T.APfi
+$11,077.4
+4,779.1
-4,102.8
+3,322.5
+53,188.2
+361.8
+8,157.4
-35,218.1
-162.8
+6,555.0
+47,957.7
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE
RESPONSE TRUST FUND
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE
RESPONSE TRUST FUND
CARRYOVER
SUBTOTAL SUPERFUND
LEAKING UNDERGROUND
STORAGE TANK
TRUST FUND
LEAKING UNDERGROUND
STORAGE TANK TRUST
FUND CARRYOVER
SUBTOTAL LUST
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
GRAND TOTAL
1,128,000.0
371,499.8
25,000.0
39,400.0
2,304,000.0
$5,423,942.1
1,600,000.0
100,000.0
0.0
50,000.0
1,500,000.0
$4,879,000.0
+472,000.0
-271,499.8
1,499,499.8
14,400.0
1,700,000.0
50,000.0
+200,500 J2
+35,600.0
-25,000.0
+10,600.0
•804,000.0
-$544,942.1
83
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