United States Office of
Environmental Protection the Comptroller
Agency Washington. DC 20460
February 1991
Summary of
the 1992 Budget
Printed on Recycled Pa
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\
g UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
r/ WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
THE ADMINISTRATOR
MESSAGE FROM THE ADMINISTRATOR:
I am pleased to present the 1992 budget for the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. The President and I take great pride in the Administration's environmental
record. This budget demonstrates that our commitment to an improved environment
remains strong, even in the face of a serious deficit.
The Agency's budget does more than simply describe how much money EPA will
need to implement its many varied programs. The budget presents our vision of the
future, and opens a dialogue with Congress and the public that will shape this Nation's
environmental policy well into the future.
Our vision cannot be secured by the approaches and activities of the past. We
are continuing to improve our understanding of environmental problems, and to develop
and apply a broader array of tools and strategies to deal with these problems. Our
proposals for 1992 will allow us not only to keep up with changing times, but also to set
the pace and direction of environmental protection into the 21st century.
The strategies represented in the 1992 budget are based on risk reduction
principles that focus limited resources on the greatest environmental risks, and
incorporate pollution prevention as a fundamental building block in all of the Agency's
programs. They elevate attention to the protection and restoration of productive natural
systems on which all human activities depend. This budget also reflects the Agency's
commitment to strengthen our science base, foster integration of the Nation's economic
and environmental goals, and ensure that individuals throughout society, consumers and
producers alike, have the information to make wise, environmentally sound choices.
EPA will not accomplish these objectives on its own. We require the active
participation of all of our environmental partners - other levels of government, the
private sector, and those in the international community. I invite each and every one of
you to participate in this important work.
William K. Reilly
Administrator
Printed on Recycled Paper
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CONTENTS
PAGE
OVERVIEW OF THE 1992 BUDGET 3
OPERATING BUDGET SUMMARY 7
Air 9
Water Quality 13
Drinking Water 17
Hazardous Waste 19
Pesticides 23
Radiation 27
Multimedia 29
Toxic Substances 31
Energy 35
Management & Support 37
INSPECTOR GENERAL 41
SUPERFUND 45
LUST 51
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS 55
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 59
STATE AND LOCAL GRANTS 67
APPENDIX: BUDGET TABLES 71
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NOTE: The charts on the following pages include the 1991 Current
Estimate and the 1992 President's Budget. Unless otherwise
noted, all comparisons between 1992 and 1991 budget levels in the
narrative refer to the 1991 Current Estimate and 1992 President's
Budget. (The "Current Estimate" is the Agency's current plan for
using its resources.)
References to workyears refer to total workyears rather than only
"permanent" workyears. Additionally, some numbers may not add
due to independent rounding.
Cover Photo: Grand Canyon, compliments of Pamela Hurt
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OVERVIEW
OVERVIEW OF THE 1992 BUDGET
The 1992 President's Budget for the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency meets the
President's commitment to improving environ-
mental protection. The President's Budget rec-
ognizes that despite previous environmental ac-
complishments, the Nation continues to face a
new and equally daunting list of environmental
challenges and concerns for the future. EPA will
take the initial steps needed to address these
challenges through new and innovative ap-
proaches to environmental protection.
The Agency's 1992 Budget is $6.2 billion
and 17,622 workyears. This request includes
$2.5 billion and 13,929 workyears for our operating
programs, $1.75 billion and 3,602 workyears for
the Superfund program, and $85 million and 90
workyears for the Leaking Underground Storage
Tank (LUST) program. In addition, $1.9 billion is
provided for the Construction Grants program.
The 1992 President's Budget provides sig-
nificant increases for the second year of imple-
mentation of the Clean Air Act of 1990, the most
significant environmental accomplishment of this
Administration.
The Agency will focus its resource increases
to areas promising the greatest reduction in en-
vironmental risk. Under this approach, the
Agency's budget emphasizes stronger ecological
protection by targeting resources to local ecosys-
tems, specific regional geographic areas, the
country's coastal ecosystems, and the global cli-
mate.
Resources will be directed at strengthening
the Agency's scientific knowledge base and ana-
lytic capabilities in support of sound policy and
management integrity. In 1992, the Agency will
also take several steps to strengthen it efforts
toward food safety, and its commitment to the
reduction of lead exposure in the environment.
Increased resources are also included for envi-
ronmental literacy to promote a continued effec-
tive dialogue on national environmental issues.
The 1992 President's Budget continues
support for strong environmental partnerships
with State, Indian, and local governments, al-
lowing the Agency to leverage limited federal
funds into more effective environmental programs.
Resources will also support work with our inter-
national partners to foster an ethic of global
stewardship.
Our budget also provides resources which
continue EPA's commitment to a strong envi-
ronmental enforcement program, including in-
creases to implement the Pollution Prosecution
Act. The Agency's Superfund program will con-
tinue implementation of the Superfund Man-
agement Review, and will focus increased re-
sources to oversee the cleanup at Federal facility
sites. Finally, the Agency's Construction Grants
program will continue the Administration's strong
support for capitalization of State Revolving
Funds.
HIGHLIGHTS
Implementation of the Clean Air Act is
One of the Administration's Top
Environmental Priorities
Implementation of the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990 is one of the most important
initiatives of this Administration. The 1992
President's Budget provides resources for new
activities mandated in the legislation including
the establishment of a market-based acid rain
emissions trading system, new clean vehicle and
clean fuel programs, and state operating permit
programs. Resource increases will also enable
the Agency to set national air toxic standards and
reduce stratospheric ozone depletion. Increased
research activities will provide a strong scientific
and technical base for these regulatory programs.
Implementation of the Clean Air Act pro-
motes the most cost-effective and efficient methods
of controlling air pollution. With this approach
we will reduce air pollution each year by 56 billion
pounds, cut acid rain emissions by 50 percent,
and reduce pollutants that cause smog in our
cities by 40 percent.
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OVERVIEW
The 1992 President's Budget Directs
Resources Toward Areas of High
Environmental Return
The 1992 Budget provides resource in-
creases for ecological protection based on local,
regional and global initiatives. Resources will be
directed for protecting wetlands and confronting
non-traditional sources of water pollution. Re-
sources will also be directed regionally to address
water pollution problems in areas such as the
Great Lakes and the Chesapeake Bay. The
Agency will expand its efforts in the Global Cli-
mate Change program. EPA's Budget also sup-
ports the provisions of the newly enacted Oil
Pollution Act of 1990 and the Agency's overall
commitment to protection of coastal ecosystems.
EPA will work with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, Corps of Engineers, and National Oce-
anic and Atmospheric Administration to ensure a
comprehensive plan for the protection, mainte-
nance, and restoration of our Nation's coastal
resources. Coastal initiatives will address such
issues as species and habitat alteration and loss,
nonpoint source pollution, and contaminated
sediments.
In accordance with the President's food
safety initiative, the Agency has taken several
steps to strengthen its efforts in food safety.
Resources will promote public outreach, acceler-
ated review of pesticide registrations, and in-
creased interagency research. In addition, the
1992 President's Budget provides for the imple-
mentation of the National Environmental Edu-
cation Act. This initiative focuses on improving
basic science literacy as the core for environmental
education for elementary and secondary schools.
Resources are also provided for various public
and private organizations to improve overall en-
vironmental awareness. Lastly, the Agency ad-
dresses vital improvements to the scientific un-
derstanding of human health from lead con-
tamination and its potential abatement controls.
The Agency has Made Investments in
Science, Data and Economic Analysis
to Improve Decision making
The 1992 President's Budget provides re-
sources for the development of solid scientific
data and analysis. Resources will build a strong
foundation for the Agency's approach for setting
priorities and targeting resources to areas of
highest risk. The President's Budget will enable
EPA to continue to strengthen its applied research
program. Media research will include added em-
phasis on food safety, indoor air, lead pollution,
and bioremediation. The budget will also enable
the Agency to improve math and science educa-
tion and high performance computing research in
support of the Agency's initiative to bolster envi-
ronmental literacy.
The Agency will Increase Its Investments in
Enforcement and Management Systems.
Stricter enforcement of environmental laws
continues to be an important priority for EPA.
Additional resources will be provided to help
implement the enforcement provisions of the new
Clean Air Act, and to support oversight of cleanup
at other Federal agency Superfund sites. A new
National Enforcement Training Institute will be
established to educate the workforce on all aspects
of environmental enforcement.
The 1992 President's Budget supports the
Agency's strategic initiative of ensuring man-
agement integrity. Agency efforts will focus on
assuring a strong system of financial controls and
developing a program for better information
management. Improving EPA's contracts and
grants administration to ensure increased ac-
countability and better productivity will also be
addressed.
The Agency Continues Its Commitment
to State and Local Grant Programs
The 1992 President's Budget recognizes
the important role that Federal assistance can
play in maintaining and improving environmental
quality in the States. The budget for 1992 contin-
ues to build the States' capacity to assume lead-
ership roles in implementing the President's en-
vironmental policies. This budget supports state
efforts in carrying out the Clean Air Act which
includes training of state and local personnel,
implementation of state permit programs, fur-
ther development of monitoring networks, and
enforcement of existing standards. In addition,
the Agency will strengthen the President's com-
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OVERVIEW
mitment to implement state wetlands protection
programs through increased grants. The Nonpoint
Source Grant program and Public Water System
Program Grants will also be funded. An increase
in Hazardous Waste State Grants will support
inspections and enforcement activities in the Great
Lakes Basin area.
The Superfund Program Continues to
Emphasize Its "Enforcement-first" Strategy
and Concentration on Direct Site Cleanup
The 1992 President's Budget for Superfund,
consisting of $1,750million and 3,602 workyears,
represents a strong and continued commitment
on the part of the Agency to meet its responsibilities
to protect human health and the environment.
The Agency will use the stability achieved by the
three year extension of Superfund in the Omni-
bus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1991 to complete
the implementation of the Superfund Manage-
ment Review initiatives. The $134 million and
135 workyear increase supports the maturation
of the Agency's "enforcement-first" strategy, a
more balanced approach to our investment in
direct site cleanup, and a substantial commitment
to oversight of Federal facility cleanup.
The Agency provides $225 million and 1,629
for the Superfund enforcement program. This
represents a $17 million and 146 workyear in-
crease which supports a higher legal and nego-
tiation case load and the continued integration of
responsible party searches early in the site
remediation process.
The President's Budget contains $896 mil-
lion for direct site cleanup activities, an increase
of $143 million over 1991. This level includes
funding for sites that are ready for cleanup. The
total budget for Response is $1,262 million and
1,284 workyears, an increase of $145 million and
a decrease of 10 workyears. This investment will
increase oversight of responsible party directed
cleanups and Fund-financed design and con-
struction projects.
The Construction Grants Program Contin-
ues Federal Support for the Capitalization
of State Revolving Funds
The 1992 budget for the Construction Grants
Appropriation is $1.9 billion which includes the
authorized level of $1.8 billion for domestic waste
water treatment grants and $100 million for the
United States share of the international plant to
treat uncontrolled sewage flows from Tijuana,
Mexico. This continues the Administration's
commitment to the capitalization of state revolving
funds (SRFs). For 1992, the Agency provides $1.5
billion for SRFs. These Federal funds and the
required State matching funds will be used by the
SRFs to provide financial support to communities
in the form of loans and other non-grant assis-
tance. In addition to capitalizing SRFs, the 1992
request calls for $300 million in grants to bring
certain major coastal communities' wastewater
treatment facilities up to a secondary treatment
standard. Boston, New York, Seattle, Los Angeles
and San Diego will each receive grants for 55% of
project costs.
Summary
The President's 1992 Budget enables the
Environmental Protection Agency to continue to
achieve its mission of protecting human health
and the environment while providing the Agency
the opportunity to find better ways for targeting
and integrating environmental policy. Through
pollution prevention, enhanced ecological pro-
tection, sound science, and promotion of envi-
ronmental literacy, the Agency strengthens on-
going programs while enabling the Agency to
take its first steps in addressing its new chal-
lenges. This year's budget clearly demonstrates
the President's commitment to effective envi-
ronmental programs, and to the important mis-
sion of EPA.
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In 1992, The Agency's Budget For Superfund, LUST, And
The Operating Programs Will Total $4.3 Billion
$4,312
I | Superfund/LUST Programs $3,994
X/A Operating Programs
$3,227 x
$3,318
1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
The Agency's Workyear Ceiling Will Increase By 5% in 1992
I I Superfund/LUST Programs
Operating Programs
12,626/-
13,461
14,268
11,598
1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991
1992
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THE OPERATING PROGRAMS
Air
Water Quality
Drinking Water
Hazardous
Waste
Pesticides
Radiation
Multimedia
Toxic
Substances
Energy
Management
& Support
BUDGET SUMMARY
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Am
DOLLARS
+$116.9 M
$511.8 M
$394.9 M
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
1,971
WORKYEARS
+297
1992
INCREASE
2,268
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
The 1992 Air program focuses on imple-
mentation of the landmark legislation, Clean Air
Act Amendments of 1990. This Act greatly ex-
pands EPA's responsibilities to address the
Nation's air pollution problems. The high prior-
ity placed on this activity by the Administration
is evidenced by the significant increase being
provided for this program.
The Agency's 1992 Budget totals $511.8
million and 2,268 workyears, an increase of $116.9
million and 297 workyears. This represents a
30% increase in dollars and a 15% increase in
workyears over the 1991 level.
To carry through on the President's com-
mitment to clean air, the 1992 budget includes an
Agency-wide increase of $117.0 million and 341
workyears to carry out the ambitious requirements
and deadlines set forth in the new Clean Air Act.
The total two year investment, 1991 and 1992,
represents an Administration commitment of
approximately $200 million and 600 workyears
in support of this vital legislation.
For 1992 there are substantial increases in
the acid rain program (113% in dollars and 107%
in workyears); the mobile source program (40% in
dollars and 23% in workyears); and about a 20%
increase in state grants and regional activities.
HIGHLIGHTS
Improving the Nation's Air Quality Will
Be a Top Priority in 1992
Increased resources are provided to imple-
ment air regulations, standards, and guidelines
as well as to provide data analysis and modeling
to improve the Nation's air quality. In 1992, EPA
will provide $79.4 million and 380 workyears, an
increase of nearly 50% in dollars and 52 workyears
to implement these activities under the new Clean
Air Act amendments.
Resources will be used to develop control
techniques guidelines (CTGs) for major pollution
sources, develop guidance and regulations needed
to implement State Implementation Plan (SIP)
activities for ozone, carbon monoxide, and par-
ticulate matter, develop guidance and regulations
needed to implement a comprehensive state op-
erating permit program, and develop new tech-
nology-based standards to control air toxics.
In addition, the air program will develop
data support for air quality modeling efforts,
including analysis of emissions inventory data.
Major Increases in Grant Funding Will En-
hance State Air Pollution Control Programs
Grants to state and local governments are
provided under sections 105 and 106 of the Clean
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Am
Air Act to implement state and local air pollution
control programs. In 1992 the state assistance
program includes $300 thousand and 4 workyears
for training in addition to $162.7 million in grants
to be distributed to support state air pollution
control programs. This is an increase of $24.4
million for 1992 and represents a two year increase
of 64%. These additional resources will be used to
support new state efforts in implementing the
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.
This support includes training of state and
local personnel, implementation of state permit
programs, further development of monitoring
networks, revision of State Implementation Plans,
new and enhanced vehicle inspection and main-
tenance programs, and enforcement of standards.
Outreach Efforts to State and Local
Governments Will Be Expanded
Regional offices provide direct support to
States in the implementation of air program ac-
tivities. The Agency has allocated $27.5 million
and 511 workyears for regional activities; an
increase of 19% in dollars and 27% in workyears
over 1991.
Additional resources will support increased
regional guidance to States for implementing the
new Clean Air Act amendments including the
establishment of state operating permit and fee
programs, development of new state programs for
clean fuels and new or enhanced programs for
vehicle inspection and maintenance. Additional
resources will also expand the regional offices'
abilities to assist States in addressing indoor air
quality problems.
New Clean Vehicles and Clean Fuels
Programs Will Be Established
The Mobile Source program addresses air
pollution problems related to motor vehicles. The
1992 request for mobile source air pollution con-
trol andfuel economy totals $42.0 million and 299
workyears, which represents an increase of 40%
in dollars and 23% in workyears over 1991.
The increase supports activities required
for implementation of the new Clean Air Act
amendments including establishment of new clean
vehicles and clean fuels programs, vehicle emis-
sion standards, on-board control regulations,
and technical guidelines for States.
In 1992, the Agency estimates it will collect
approximately $7.0 million from fees collected
from issuing motor vehicle fuel and engine certi-
fications.
Enforcement of Air Quality Standards
Will Be Expanded in 1992
The enforcement program oversees com-
pliance and implementation of air program re-
quirements. The total amount of resources for
enforcement is $41.5 million and 507 workyears
for both the stationary and mobile source en-
forcement programs. This is an increase of 12% in
dollars and 25 workyears.
The enforcement program will restructure,
strengthen, and expand both EPA and state en-
forcement activities. EPA will help States de-
velop enforceable operating permit, field citation,
and administrative penalty programs.
EPA will also start a compliance program to
enforce the new chlorofluorocarbon (CFG) recy-
cling regulation, assure that large utility steam
generating units install continuous emission
monitoring systems needed under the acid rain
program, and enforce the oxygenated fuels and
reformulated gasoline requirements.
New Priorities Include Developing Acid
Rain, Stratospheric Ozone and Indoor
Air Programs
In 1992 the Budget provides $46.0 million
and 101 workyears, an increase of $20.5 million
and 30 workyears over 1991.
Included in this total is the $20 million U.S.
contribution to the Montreal Protocol Facilitation
Fund to help developing countries shift away
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AIR
from the use of CFCs to safe substitutes. The
Agency will continue efforts to implement the
Montreal Protocol and the new Clean Air Act
through improved reporting of CFC use, develop-
ment of regulated product lists, and development
of regulations for recycling and operating a re-
cycling compliance program for CFCs.
The Acid Rain program will issue regula-
tions for the market-based allowance trading
system and for developing permits and compli-
ance plans for sources choosing to enter the sys-
tem.
The Indoor Air program will begin a study
of the indoor air quality in large buildings, start
an inventory of indoor emissions, and enhance
the ability of States to address indoor air problems.
New Research Will Support Air
Program Priorities
Increases are provided in 1992 primarily
for the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments and
global climate change research. The 1992 budget
for air research is 467 workyears and $112.4
million, an increase of 24 workyears and $25.8
million from 1991. The 1990 Clean Air Act
Amendments call for research on Nonattainment
(emissions inventories, monitoring, control tech-
nology, and epidemiology); Mobile Sources (impact
offuel switching, emissions characterization, and
analytic methods development); Air Toxics (source
assessment, exposure, and health); and Acid
Deposition (monitoring for emissions deposition
and effects, and low NOx burner technology).
EPA's portion of the U.S Global Climate
Change Research Program coordinated by the
Committee on Environmental Earth Sciences
(CEES) is increasing by $6.0 million over 1991 to
$26.0 million. This research will include: 1) the
ability to distinguish between man's impact on
climate and nature's variability, and 2) evaluat-
ing the direction and magnitude of feedbacks to
the climate.
Increases are also provided to expand indoor
air quality research by developing diagnostic
protocols and monitoring techniques, evaluating
novel ventilation strategies to mitigate indoor air
pollution, and studying the health effects associ-
ated with typical exposures to indoor pollutants.
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WATER QUALITY
$418.5 M
DOLLARS
-$5.7 M
1992
DECREASE
$412.8 M
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
2,251
WORKYEARS
+90
2,341
1992
INCREASE
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
The 1992 Water Quality program will tar-
get resources towards the expansion of programs
designed to protect, restore, and enhance our
Nation's aquatic habitats as mandated by the
1987 amendments to the Clean Water Act.
The 1992 President's Budget provides
$412.8 million and 2,341 workyears for the Water
Quality program, representing a decrease of $5.7
million and an increase of 90 workyears over
1991. The water quality resource decrease in
1992 is due to a smaller nonpoint source grant
program than was provided in the 1991 Con-
gressional appropriation.
HIGHLIGHTS
The Office of Water Will Focus on
Innovative Strategies
The Office of Water (OW) will lead innova-
tive, cross-media efforts to address non-traditional
pollution sources in the Great Lakes, Chesapeake
Bay, wetlands, and coastal areas. Additionally,
OW will reach beyond traditional strategies by
coordinating interagency initiatives designed to
protect the environmental quality and produc-
tivity of our beaches, shores, and waters. The
1992 President's Budget includes targeted in-
creases across several programs for these activi-
ties.
Protecting the Nation's wetlands resources
continues to hold high priority for EPA. The
Agency's wetlands program will receive an in-
crease of $5.9 million and 18 workyears in 1992 to
support the President's goal of "no net loss" of
wetlands. This includes resources to continue the
wetlands grant program, and provide technical
assistance and outreach to States and localities.
The Agency will also expand efforts to develop
anticipatory approaches to protect precious wet-
lands areas, including advanced identification
programs.
Innovative approaches with geographically
targeted strategies will confront nontraditional
water pollution sources, which include nonpoint
sources (NFS), stormwater, combined sewer
overflows, and Class V underground injection
wells. These sources of pollution will be addressed
through efforts supporting ecologically based
environmental indicators, nonpoint source grants
and nonpoint source program management.
Programs focusing on priority watersheds im-
pacted by NFS pollution will continue to develop
NFS management plans, with emphasis on NFS
pollution associated with agriculture and con-
taminated urban runoff.
The Great Lakes program will work to
complete all remainingremedial action plans and
demonstration projects in 1992. Resource in-
creases will target several multi-media initiatives
aimed at developing human health criteria for
several high priority chemicals and expanding
efforts to reduce human health and ecological risk
from toxic pollutants in the Great Lakes.
The Chesapeake Bay program continues its
ongoing support of the Chesapeake Bay commis-
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WATER QUALITY
sion and the Bay States by focusing on the con-
tinuation and completion of toxicity assessments
of critical living resource habitats in the Bay. The
program will continue to address geographically
targeted nonpoint source controls, while focusing
on the expansion of the Baywide Toxics Control
Strategy.
As a participant in the Coastal America
Initiative, EPA will contribute $6 million, com-
bining resources with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, Corps of Engineers, and National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration to address the
degradation of our Nation's coastal living re-
sources. The national scope of this initiative will
create increased public awareness and encourage
similar alliances at the state and local level.
New Legislation Focuses on
Ecological Resources
EPA's budget includes resource increases
to address new Congressional mandates. In re-
sponse to the Coastal Zone Reauthorization Act of
1990, the Agency will further develop guidance
for coastal NFS pollution control, provide technical
assistance to States on specific NPS programs,
and continue to identify monitoring techniques in
geographically targeted areas. Also, the Water
Resources Development Act of 1990 will require
the Office of Water to improve the existing wet-
lands delineation manual, which defines priority
wetlands for protection under the Section 404
permitting program. EPA will continue to work
with the Army Corps of Engineers to establish
created wetlands demonstration programs, and
provide technical assistance to the Army on con-
structed wetlands for wastewater treatment.
DDDDDDDDDDDD
Congressional Mandates
are Increasing
The Agency will significantly increase its
efforts to prevent and minimize the resulting
environmental damage from accidental releases
of oil into the Nation's navigable waters. The
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
the lead office for implementing the provisions of
the Act, is requesting $14.8 million and 65
workyears for its oil spill program, an increase of
$7.9 million and 18 workyears from the 1991
levels. These increases are to revise National and
regional contingency plans for responding to oil
spills and to increase the Agency's prevention
activities through a more visible enforcement
program.
Permit Fees Will Recover Program Costs
In 1992, water quality permitting efforts
will continue under the National Pollutant Dis-
charge Elimination System (NPDES). Under this
permit system, the Agency will impose fees for
the issuance of permits to industrial and municipal
dischargers in non-delegated NPDES States.
These fees will cover the cost of issuing NPDES
permits.
Collecting Revenues from Polluters
Resource Increases for Wetlands and
Great Lakes Research
Increased resources for research in 1992
will continue to support two initiatives: the
Administration's Great Lakes initiative and the
goal of "no net loss" of wetlands. In support of
these initiatives, an increase of $5.1 million is
provided for research activities. This budget
provides funds for an innovative program to
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WATER QUALITY
protect the Great Lakes by addressing pollution
from all environmental media rather than a tra-
ditional focus on water pollutants. Major thrusts
in 1992 supporting the Great Lakes initiative
include monitoring of freshwater sediments, de-
velopment of generic sediment criteria, assess-
ment of the impact of non-indigenous species
such as the Zebra Mussel on the Great Lakes
ecosystem, and toxic chemical source studies.
This budget will allow the Agency to accelerate
meeting the United States' commitment under
the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement with
Canada. In support of the Administration's "no
net loss" strategy, research efforts will combine
water quality criteria development with improved
monitoring activities to ensure protection of wet-
land ecosystems.
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DRINKING WATER
$134.2 M
DOLLARS
+$1.9 M
/ /
1992
INCREASE
$136.1 M
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
801
WORKYEARS
+7
808
1992
INCREASE
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
The goal of the Drinking Water program is
to assure that public water supplies are free of
contamination that may pose an unacceptable
human health risk and to protect and prevent the
endangerment of ground-water resources which
serve as drinking water supplies. The Agency
requests $136.1 million and 808 workyears, an
increase of $1.9 million and 7 workyears from
1991. These increases will be used to enhance
mobilization activities to expand local involvement
in drinking water issues. Evaluation of potential
research projects related to the regulation of
arsenic and a review process for the proposed
radionuclides rule will be ongoing throughout
1992.
HIGHLIGHTS
New Drinking Water Standards
EPA will focus on regulatory development
for toxic contaminants as mandated in the 1986
Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments. Thefinal
$136.1 million is provided to pro-
tect the Nation's drinking water
from contamination.
regulation establishing Maximum Contaminant
Level Goals (MCLGs) and National Primary
Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs) for 24
inorganic and synthetic organic chemicals (Phase
V Rule) will be published. Rules to set standards
for contaminants from the First Drinking Water
Priority List will be under proposal. Work will
continue on final development of the Disinfec-
tants/Disinfection By-Products Rule.
Expanded Public Water Systems
Supervision
The Agency will continue to oversee state
efforts to adopt all changes to the NPDWRs in
order to maintain primary enforcement responsi-
bility (primacy). Th e program will implement the
Public Water Systems Supervision (PWSS) pro-
gram for Indian lands, States, and Territories
unable to accept primacy. Technical assistance
on the Surface Water Treatment Rule, Total Col-
iform Rule and the Lead and Copper Rule will be
provided to States. Increased efforts will address
the primary causes of system non-compliance
and achieve better compliance through its mobi-
lization and local government initiatives.
Increased State Capacity
The Agency provides $49.9 million and 171
workyears for this activity, an increase of $2.5
million and 13 workyears over 1991. In 1992 EPA
will provide grant funds and focus technical as-
17
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DRINKING WATER
sistance to States for implementing the growing
regulatory framework, and achieving greater ef-
fectiveness through mobilization and technology
transfer while maintaining compliance with ex-
isting requirements.
States will continue detailed evaluations of
all surface source community/noncommunity non-
transient public water systems. Priority will be
given to those not currently equipped with filtra-
tion facilities. All systems will be operating
under a revised microbiological NPDWR which
will emphasize increased monitoring where con-
tamination is detected. The lead/corrosion con-
trol NPDWR will also become effective in 1992.
Enhanced Drinking Water Enforcement
Enforcement efforts will be enhanced to
support Regions in implementing control strate-
gies for shallow injection wells in sensitive water-
shed areas. Emphasis will continue to be placed
on monitoring mechanical integrity testing and
operator compliance with permit requirements
for oil and gas and mining injection wells. Im-
provements will be made to provide faster and
more accurate tracking of priority PWS noncom-
pliance and EPA/state response through better
and more integrated internal data management.
Enhanced enforcement will be
targeted toward protection of
sensitive watersheds.
Groundwater Protection
The Agency will devote $ 10.7 million and 98
workyears for this program, and will continue to
assist States in developing and implementing
ground-water protection programs. The program
will support the watershed protection initiative
through assistance to state and local govern-
ments in protecting ground-water from contami-
nation from nitrates. Assistance will be provided
to States in identifying, characterizing and con-
trolling nitrogen sources that threaten ground-
water in high priority watersheds. Policies for
the integration of nitrate data into ground-water
data bases will be developed. This will support
the Agency's data integration initiative to in-
crease accessibility and reliability of these data
bases.
Groundwater and Drinking Water Research
Research will increase to support two major
food safety initiatives. To support these initiatives,
$22.2 million and 178 workyears are provided for
drinking water research. This increase will
support a broad cross-media research effort to
understand the mechanisms of groundwater
contamination from pesticides and fertilizers, and
to develop research strategies for preventing
pollution without jeopardizing the economic vi-
tality of U.S. agriculture. Increased resources
will also be used to conduct research on protection
of wellheads from contamination. Research will
include development of monitoring and survey
methodologies for wellhead protection as well as
development of databases for wellhead protection
programs.
18
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
$311.0 M
DOLLARS
+22.7 M
$333.7 M
1992
INCREASE
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
1,632
WORKYEARS
+28
1,660
1992
INCREASE
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
The Hazardous Waste management pro-
gram develops, implements, and enforces sound
national waste management practices to ensure
that our health and natural environment are
protected from the risks of hazardous waste. The
Agency's program is implemented primarily
through three environmental statutes: the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of
1976, as amended by the Hazardous and Solid
Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1984; Title III of
the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act (SARA) of 1986; and Subtitle I of the Solid
Waste Disposal Act, entitled Regulation of Un-
derground Storage Tanks (UST).
The President's 1992 Budget provides
$333.7 million and 1,660 workyears for the Haz-
ardous Waste program, increases of $22.7 million
(7%) and 28 workyears over the 1991 levels. The
Agency's overall RCRA strategy will use these
resources to 1) strengthen state relationships in
order to improve hazardous waste program
implementation, 2) revise existing regulations
(and develop new ones) to ensure consistency
with overall Agency policy, and 3) encourage
technology development and transfer.
Specific investments include pollution
prevention, enforcement, the Great Lakes multi-
media strategy, and hazardous waste activities
under the Clean Air Act. The 1992 Budget con-
tinues the recent trend of funding increases in the
Agency's Hazardous Waste program: since 1990,
resources have increased $68.4 million and 263
workyears.
HIGHLIGHTS
Agency Priorities Are Supported By
Our State Partners
The State Grant program in 1992 provides
$99.3 million, an increase of $7.3 million from the
1991 level. Increasing inspections of facilities
and enforcement action against violators in the
Great Lakes Basin are among the activities
funded. A pollution prevention initiative will be
implemented which will include targeted inspec-
tions of large quantity generators and enforce-
ment actions taken against facilities operating
illegally outside the RCRA system. Additional
resources are also provided for increased training
of States' Hazardous Waste employees.
EPA's strategy with regard to the States
will focus on the corrective action program. States
will implement a corrective action strategy of
prioritizing and, where appropriate, stabilizing
the worst hazardous waste sites. The States will
increase processing of post-closure permits for
land disposal facilities and target permitting at
the most environmentally- significant storage
and treatment facilities. Technical assistance
and guidance to the States will be provided to
improve their capabilities to operate and manage
the Underground Storage Tank (UST) program.
19
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WASTE
National Enforcement Is Enhanced
As A Priority
EPA enforcement efforts will continue as a
top Agency priority and will complement State
grant resources. The Agency's Hazardous Waste
enforcement resources are $64.1 million and 594
workyears, increases of $5.0 million and 20
workyears over the 1991 levels. Resource in-
creases will support compliance monitoring in-
spections to address RCBA facilities brought into
the hazardous waste system by new listings and
rules. The Agency will focus on the corrective
action strategy of site stabilization. Remedial
action plans for 30 critical sites in the Great
Lakes Region will be developed as part of the
larger Great Lakes Initiative.
Regions Support States To Implement
Hazardous Waste Program
A strong Federal/State relationship must
exist to effectively carry out the Nation's hazardous
waste laws. EPA regional program implementa-
tion will receive $37.6 million and 491 workyears,
increases of $3.1 million and 6 workyears over
1991 levels. The Regions will increase permitting
of post-closure land disposal facilities and continue
to process storage and treatment facilities based
on their environmental significance. The Regions
will also provide technical assistance to the States
in their efforts to assume authorization for the
full hazardous waste program. National guidance
on solid waste, specifically relating to States'
implementation of the new Subtitle D landfill
criteria, will be provided by the Agency. The
Regions will assist States and localities in
implementing the Emergency Planning and
Community Right-To-Know Program (Title III),
and the UST program.
The Hazardous Waste Program Initiates
Work on Clean Air Act Mandates
The Agency is requesting $2.5 million and
13 workyears to begin work on the Congressional
mandates of the Clean Air Act's accidental haz-
ardous waste release provisions. The release
provisions will enable the Agency and facilities to
prevent, detect, andrespond to accidental releases
of hazardous pollutants into the air.
An Agency Objective Is To Develop
Concise Regulations and Better Data
The Agency is requesting $86.6 million and
343 workyears to support its national hazardous
and solid waste regulatory programs, an increase
of $0.4 million and a decrease of 18 workyears
from the 19911evels. The decrease of 18 workyears
represents a shift of resources from RCRA Haz-
ardous Waste Regulations to Water Quality Per-
mits and Enforcement programs.
The Agency's strategy is to start reviewing
certain existing regulations to simplify unduly
complex ones and to ensure consistency with the
overall RCRA regulatory framework. A second
objective of the regulatory review is to minimize
costs to the regulated community and the Agency.
Important management integrity items such as
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Infor-
mation System (RCRIS) and an environmental
data initiative will be funded in this budget. The
data initiative, which will include establishing
baseline data for Hazardous and Municipal Solid
Waste, will improve the Agency's ability to make
risk-based decisions.
Promulgation of regulations for the grow-
ing universe of facilities, wastes, and handlers
will continue. The regulatory program will focus
on establishing a national strategy for corrective
action site stabilization. Guidance and technical
assistance will be provided to Indian Tribes in the
hazardous and solid waste areas. In addition, the
Agency will provide assistance to the Regions and
States as they implement the new Subtitle D
landfill criteria. EPA will continue to promote
hazardous and solid waste minimization. States
and localities will be assisted by the Title III and
UST programs in implementing their emergency
preparedness and underground storage tank
programs.
Hazardous Waste Research Is
Exuandine Into New Areas
Research will increase to provide scientific
data and technical information for the Hazardous
Waste Program. The 1992 budget for research is
$43.6 million and 219 workyears, an increase of
$4.4 million and 8 workyears from 1991. The
20
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Agency will expand research in bioremediation
and, municipal solid waste treatment technolo-
gies, and provide increased technical support at
RCRA corrective action sites. Research will
continue to evaluate pollution prevention and
innovative technologies for disposing of munici-
pal waste. The research program will continue
the study of contaminant behavior in groundwa-
ter and municipal waste combustor emission con-
trols. These efforts will assist in determining safe
and effective means for controlling and disposing
of hazardous and solid waste.
21
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22
-------
PESTICIDES
DOLLARS
+$9.5 M
$117.1 M
$107.6 M
1992
INCREASE
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
WORKYEARS
+110
1,198
1,088
1992
INCREASE
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
The Agency's 1992 budget for pesticides
will highlight the President's initiatives in food
safety and management integrity by strength-
ening resources in both Regions and at Head-
quarters. The Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP)
will concentrate on the accelerated reregistration
process, as mandated under the Federal Insecti-
cide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act of 1988
(FIFRA '88). The Agency will also continue to
build capacities to address pesticides and en-
forcement issues at the regional and state levels.
The Agency is requesting a total of 1,198
workyears and $117.1 million for 1992 Pesticide
Programs. This represents an increase of 110
workyears and $9.5 million over 1991. Most of
the increase will support the Agency's emphasis
on food safety and safer pesticides.
HIGHLIGHTS
The Agency Supports the President's
Food Safety Initiative
The Agency is requesting 496 workyears
and $10.4 million to enhance the food safety
priority in 1992, reflecting an increase of 116
workyears and $3.5 million over 1991. Regional
and Headquarters resources are provided to
support accelerated reregistration of new, "safer"
pesticides. This includes increases to the Agency's
appropriated budget for pesticides, as well as
increases for FIFRA '88 activities funded by the
Reregistration and Expedited ProcessingRevolv-
ing Fund.
Ensuring the Use of Safe Pesticides: The
Office of Pesticide Programs will support a food
safety initiative through pesticide monitoring,
international coordination of food safety stan-
dards, monitoring of indoor risks caused by pes-
ticides, the efficacy review of antimicrobials (dis-
infectants) and identification of environmental
indicators in the Generic Chemical Review and
Registration, Special Registration, and Toler-
ance programs. To support this portion of the
food safety initiative, the Agency is requesting
190 workyears and $10.4 million, an increase of
28 workyears and $3.5 million over 1991.
+$3.5 million for Food Safety
A portion of this request will enable the
Agency to coordinate international tolerance
standards and public health issues raised from
23
-------
PESTICIDES
food safety concerns. In addition, increases to
the Headquarters program will support the in-
creased workyear need to continue on-schedule
implementation of pesticide reregistration ac-
tivities, as mandated under FIFRA '88.
FIFRA '88 Supports Food Safety through
Reregistration : The Agency requests a total
of 306 workyears for the Office of Pesticides and
Toxic Substances (OPTS) pesticide reregistration
activities to be supported by the Reregistration
and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. This
represents an increase of 88 workyears in OPTS,
40 of which will be supported from within exist-
ing revenue projections from the maintenance
fee collections. The remaining 48 workyears are
contingent upon passage of an amendment to
FIFRA '88 to raise existing fee caps in order to
obtain annual maintenance fee revenues of $14.0
million. These 48 workyears will support Head-
quarters reregistration as well as enforcement
activities in the Office of Pesticides and Toxic
Substances' compliance monitoring program.
The Agency will continue to meet the de-
mands of the accelerated reregistration by
making 30 reregistration decisions. These de-
cisions will contribute to the safety of the nation's
food supply by ensuring that pesticides used on
food and/or feed are safe, according to up-to-date
scientific analyses.
FIFRA '88 Reregistration will Continue
to Support the Food Safety Initiative
Enforcement is Key to the Success
of Pesticide Programs
The Agency provides a total of 128
workyears and $25.0 million to support the OPP
regional project, container disposal regulations
and food safety initiatives. Additional workyears
will enable the Agency to conduct workshops on
enforcement of the Agency's pesticides in ground-
water strategy for state inspectors.
The Pesticides Regional Project Builds
State & Regional Capacities
The Agency provides 53 workyears and
$17.3 million to continue its pesticide regional
project, designed to build regional and state ca-
pacities to address geographically localized
problems related to ground water, worker pro-
tection and endangered species. The project will
involve the continued development of training
programs to enhance state and regional capa-
bilities and coordination with Federal and state
agencies for implementation of these programs.
Activities will include the Agency's next steps to
address results of the National Pesticide Survey
in drinking water wells and the implementation
of the Worker Protection Standards, to be pub-
lished in 1991.
The Agency Continues Efforts in
Pesticide Registration Activities
The Agency's provides a total of 410
workyears and $49.5 million to support contin-
ued efforts on existing pesticides under the Ge-
neric Chemical Review and the Registration,
Special Registration, and Tolerances programs.
Of the request, $4.0 million will fund storage and
disposal needs of pesticides canceled prior to the
passage of FIFRA '88. The funds will support
primarily the storage of 2,4,5-T/silvex stocks until
a permitted facility becomes available to accept
stocks for incineration.
24
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PEST ilc i oil
Pesticides Research Focuses on
Reducing Health Risks
Increased resources are requested to assess
reproductive and neurological risks of exposure
to pesticides and advance research in the area of
exposure assessments. The $15.0 million and 111
workyears provided for pesticides research in
1992 represents an increase of $2.4 million and 1
workyear over 1991.
The Pesticides Research Program will con-
tinue to focus on reducing risks to human health
and the environment from pesticides misuse.
Research in 1992 will support the Office of Pes-
ticide Programs by studying the variables which
affect the exposure of different segments of the
population to pesticides from various sources.
Research on biological pesticides will continue as
more non-chemical pesticides agents are devel-
oped.
25
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26
-------
RADIATION
$39.0 M
DOLLARS
+$0.6 M
1992
INCREASE
$39.6 M
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
WORKYEARS
301
312
1992
INCREASE
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
The Office of Radiation Programs carries
out the Agency's radiation activities to protect the
public health and the environmentfrom avoidable
and accidental exposure to radiation.
The 1992 President's Budget provides $39.6
million and 312 workyears, representing an in-
crease of $0.6 million and 11 workyears over
1991. The radiation program will continue to
implement the Radon Action Program, monitor
background radiation, participate in emergency
preparedness and response activities, and support
standards development as called for in the Clean
Air Act (CAA) and Atomic Energy Act.
In 1992, additional resources will support
the implementation of the Indoor Radon Abate-
ment Act of 1988 and focus increased research on
the health and environmental effects of electro-
magnetic radiation.
HIGHLIGHTS
EPA Addresses Radon in Homes,
Schools, and the Workplace
In 1992, the President's Budget provides
$26.3 million and 102 workyears for the Head-
quarters and Regional radon program. The pro-
gram will continue to implement the Indoor Ra-
don Abatement Act and provide $9.0 million to
the States for their radon programs. In 1992, the
Radon Action Program will continue to assess the
Nation's radon problems in homes, schools, work-
places, and other buildings. The final report to
Congress on the results of the National Schools
Radon Survey will be issued, and the Agency will
initiate a technical assistance program to help
States conduct surveys in schools and non-resi-
dential day care centers. Additionally, the Agency
will continue to operate the national radon in-
formation clearinghouse, maintain the national
radon database, and provide national oversight
to the state grant program.
The Office of Radiation Programs will also
collect user fees for its proficiency and training
programs. The revenues collected from this fee
program will be used to finance the cost of the
program.
Radiation Efforts in the Clean Air Act
In 1992, the President's Budget provides
$6.3 million and 62 workyears for radiation
standards and implementation. Activities include
defining a major source, as well as individual
source categories, and evaluating the adequacy of
the Nuclear Regulatory Commission program to
achieve the goals of the CAA. In addition,
implementation oftheexistingNational Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants will
continue.
27
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RADIATION
Radiation Monitoring and Emergency
Response Efforts Will Continue
In 1992, the Agency is requesting $3.4 mil-
lion and 51 workyears to continue to monitor
ambient radiation levels through its Environ-
mental Radiation Ambient Monitoring Systems
(ERAMS), monitor rocket launches in which ra-
dioactive materials are involved, and maintain
nuclear emergency response capabilities. The
program will continue to support the development
of radiation standards, criteria, and guidelines
through analysis of health effects and economic
impacts.
Regional Offices Will Address
Radioactive Contamination
In 1992, the budget provides $0.9 million
and 17 workyears. The Regions will provide
technical assistance to States for emergency re-
sponse planning and for characterizing and
identifying hazardous radioactive waste sites,
and continue the assessment and mitigation of
radioactively contaminated sites.
Research Efforts Will Focus on
Electromagnetic Radiation and Radon
Research will continue to support the Office
of Radiation Programs, and State and local gov-
ernments with scientific data needed to determine
exposure to radioactive materials in the envi-
ronment. The 1992 budget for radiation research
is $4.0 million and 81 workyears. Research will
place greater emphasis on meeting the Congres-
sional mandate to reduce indoor radon levels to
levels comparable to those found outdoors. Re-
search will also help develop and demonstrate
cost-effective techniques for mitigating human
exposure to indoor radon in buildings, new homes
and existing schools. Under an interagency
agreement with the Department of Energy (DOE),
EPA will also conduct off-site monitoring around
nuclear test sites.
Additional work will focus on Electromag-
netic Radiation (EMR). Research will include:
assessing the developments in understanding
cancerfrom laboratory and epidemiology research;
determining critical exposure parameters of ad-
verse effects from epidemiology and exposure
measurements; quantifying the dose-response
relationships and determining the appropriate
measure of health hazard; and establishing ap-
propriate guidelines to limit human exposure to
EMR.
28
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MULTI-MEDIA
DOLLARS
$177.9 M
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
INCREASE
$215.0 M
1992
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
849
WORKYEARS
+55
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
904
1992
INCREASE
1992
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
The Multimedia Program consists of activi-
ties that promote an integrated approach to en-
vironmental protection and that provide cross-
media support to Agency programs. Major pro-
grams included in this media are: research and
development; legal support for enforcement ac-
tions; criminal investigations; Federal facilities
compliance and enforcement; and coordination of
Indian Programs.
In 1992, the budget provides a total of
$215.0 million and 904 workyears for Multimedia
programs. This is an increase of $37.1 million and
55 workyears from 1991.
HIGHLIGHTS
Research Supports Cross-Media
Agency Needs
The Multimedia Research Program consists
of research activities that support all media pro-
grams. These activities are grouped into three
areas of activities technical assistance, basic
"core" research, and operating expenses.
1. Basic "core" research involves ex-
panding knowledge on the risks to
ecosystems and human health and
the methods to reduce these risks.
2. Technical assistance involves pro-
viding scientific technical informa-
tion and analysis to media program
offices, the Regions, and the States.
3. Operating expenses involves sup-
port for high-quality scientific re-
search by fundingrequirements such
as laboratory supplies, equipment,
automated data processing, and hu-
man resources development.
The 1992 Multimedia Research Program
request is $150.7 million and 196 workyears,
which is an increase of $27.5 million and 15
workyears over 1991.
The largest increase in Multimedia Re-
search is for long-term "core" research ($12.4
million and 11 workyears). EPA recognized in
1989 that anticipatory research was needed to
learn more about emerging environmental prob-
lems, such as the condition of our ecosystems, to
exercise Federal leadership in addressingnational
environmental concerns. In 1992, EPA's basic
"core" research program will increase to assess
the status and condition of national and regional
ecosystems, assess human health impacts from
exposure to toxic aerosols, and evaluate technolo-
gies designed to prevent pollution.
To support EPA's commitment to provide
technical assistance to media program offices, an
increase of $7.6 million and 4 workyears is pro-
vided. Activities funded by this increase include
research on methods to abate exposure to lead;
29
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MULTI- MEDIA
methodologies for assessingrisks from pollutants
in different physical environments; the condition
of the Arctic ecosystem; and computer models
studying complex natural interactions as part of
an interagency program to improve the capabilities
of high performance computers.
With increasing problems of funding oper-
ating expenses for research projects, Congress
authorized EPAin 1991 to fund operating expenses
from the Research and Development Appropria-
tion instead of the Salaries and Expenses Appro-
priation. In 1992, EPA is again seeking this
authority and providing an increase of $7.5 mil-
lion to meet operating expense needs for up-
graded scientific equipment and to improve sci-
entific expertise of EPA's workforce by increased
training and research exchange opportunities.
New Legislation Emphasizes
Strengthened Enforcement
The 1992 Budget provides resources to
strengthen enforcement by effectively integrating
all of EPA's enforcement resources. More forceful
enforcement of environmental laws is a growing
public priority as expressed in the recently en-
acted Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 and the
Pollution Prosecution Act of 1990. For 1992, EPA
provides specific increases to strengthen en-
forcement, such as 13 additional workyears to
help implement the new Clean Air Act enforcement
requirements. Resources are also provided to
implement the Pollution Prosecution Act. This
includes $1 million dedicated for a new National
Enforcement Training Institute (NETI) to train
environmental enforcement officials and a 10%
increase in EPA's criminal investigators (total of
72 agents).
EPA Supports the President's Commitment
to Environmental Compliance by
Federal Agencies
To complement the Federal government's
environmental cleanup program within the
Superfund Program, EPA is also increasing its
non-Superfund environmental compliance and
enforcement program by nearly 50%, from 21 to
31 workyears. This increase will provide technical
assistance to other Federal agencies to ensure
compliance at their facilities. This effort will also
focus EPA's media programs on Federal facility
compliance and promote more cross-media ap-
proaches to environmental protection with Fed-
eral facilities.
Multimedia Grants Will Extend
Environmental Protection to Indian Nations
EPA is committed to extending environ-
mental protection support to Indian lands. To
improve environmental quality and reduce health
risks on Indian reservations, the Federal govern-
ment is helping build the capabilities of Indian
tribes to develop and manage their own environ-
mental programs. Consistent with new authori-
zation in 1991, the Agency is seeking similar
authority in 1992 and will provide an increase of
$3 million for multimedia grants to Indian tribes.
Multimedia grants for Indian tribes complement
current media program grants (e.g. air grants).
They also provide a more effective and efficient
way for smaller Indian tribes to establish their
own environmental protection programs.
30
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Toxic SUBSTANCES
$167.1 M
DOLLARS
-$47.8 M
$119.3 M
1992
DECREASE
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
895
WORKYEARS
-3
892
1992
DECREASE
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
The Toxic Substances programs are targeted
towards reducing risk and risk exposure under
four environmental statutes: Toxic Substances
Control Act (TSCA); Asbestos School Hazard
Abatement Act (ASHAA); Asbestos Hazard
Emergency Response Act (AHERA); and TITLE
III of Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA). The programs re-
flect the Agency's goals of pollution prevention
and enhanced enforcement. The 1992 program
will focus on the prevention and reduction of risks
from new and existing chemicals, reduction of
exposure through voluntary reduction of toxic
emissions, development of safer substitutes for
high risk chemicals, and productivity gains
through improved management and oversight of
state and local programs.
The Toxic Substances budget provides a
total of 892 workyears and $119.3 million in 1992.
This represents a decrease of 3 workyears and
$47.8 million from 1991. The decrease reflects
the exclusion of the 1991 Congressional Appro-
priation level for asbestos abatement loans and
grants to schools districts.
HIGHLIGHTS
The Agency 1992 budget for the toxic sub-
stances program will target new resources to lead
exposure reduction, international cooperation and
Title III activities. State and Regional partner-
ships will operate at their current levels and
maintain emphasis on ensuring the quality of
emissions release data submitted under Title III
of SARA and on AHERA accreditation training
for managers and abatement workers. An addi-
tional Agency priority in 1992 will be to address
the problem of lead in the environment through
cost-effective measures.
Title HI Continues to Reduce Risks and
Enhance Public Awareness
In 1992, the Agency will compile its annual
emissions data from manufacturers, processors
and users of specific toxic substances. Our re-
sources total 89 workyears and $22.7 million. The
program will continue to monitor data quality
and perform audits of reporting facilities.
The Agency provides $22.7 million
to ensure data quality control
audits of reporting facilities.
31
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toxic SUBSTANCES
Under the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990,
the Agency will issue new reporting rules and will
design a new structure for the Toxic Release
Inventory (TRI) database to address an additional
55 data fields for selected chemicals. The Agency
will redirect its funds within existing toxics pro-
grams in order to provide additional support to
the TRI requirements of this new legislation.
Regions and States will participate in the
Agency-wide pollution prevention initiative,
supporting TRI data quality issues and state
facility audits. Through increased data quality
control, facilitating public access to information
and enhanced enforcement in state and local
programs, Title III will continue to lead the Agency
toxics programs nationwide in identifying and
reducingunnecessary risks and exposure hazards
in the environment.
The Agency Confronts Lead Exposure
in the Environment
The toxic substances program provides 9
workyears and $4.0 million for activities relating
to reducing lead exposure in the environment.
The Agency will continue to explore and identify
the hazards of lead in drinking water, soil and
dust through research support and public edu-
cation.
The Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) is
developing an Agency Lead Strategy which will
include model training programs and provide
further support for the accreditation of lead
abatement workers and inspectors through a
coordinated effort with the Department of Urban
Housing and Development (HUD). University-
based technical centers will be initiated as part of
the Strategy to provide nationwide certification
and abatement training.
Chemical Testing Standards Are Promoted
through International Cooperation
The Agency provides a total of 64 workyears
and $6.5 million for the Chemical Testing program.
The toxics program contributes resources to the
chemical testing activities through the evaluation
and identification of data needs directed to develop
an internationally accepted set of rules for testing
chemicals. Resources will support a screening
and testing system for chemicals produced inter-
nationally.
The chemical testing program
provides greater harmonization
within test data and standards.
The Agency will also coordinate with other
Federal agencies in an effort to produce stan-
dardized data requirements. Enhanced coop-
eration among the Federal agencies and the in-
ternational science community willfoster a shared
responsibility to overcome high costs and reach
agreements on measures to ensure safer chemi-
cals. This will provide greater harmonization
within test data and standards, facilitating in-
ternational trade.
Risk Reduction Through Control ofExisting
Chemicals. Asbestos, and New Chemical Re-
view
Activities within the Existing Chemicals
program address the Agency priorities of pollution
prevention concerns in a more cost-effective
manner. The Agency devotes 150 workyears and
$20.9 million for these activities. Program im-
provements will promote TSCA as a primary
multi-media pollution prevention tool. The
program's public outreach continues to provide
the incentive for States and industries to act
voluntarily in reducing their toxic emissions.
The program will also foster more efficient
regulation of targeted chemicals through multi-
chemical rules, and promote better risk assess-
ments earlier in the regulatory process. The
program will also examine the health effects of
nitrates in surface and ground water.
The Asbestos in Buildings program focuses
on addressing risks from indoor exposure to as-
bestos and to supporting research by the Health
Effects Institute on asbestos emissions and asso-
ciated health hazards.
32
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Toxic SUBSTANCES
Resources for the New Chemical Review
program will be sustained at their current levels,
168 workyears and $17.0 million. The program
staff will continue to review submissions for new
chemicals before they are manufactured or im-
ported, including biotechnology products.
The Agency Continues Support for
Toxics Regional Program
The toxic substances regional program
maintains its current level of 202 workyears and
$18.5 million. Cooperative state agreements will
continue to provide funds for the abatement of
asbestos and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
The regional enforcement program will
further develop regulatory response policies,
guidelines for state and regional compliance
monitoring programs and assessments of labora-
tory practices. The Toxic Substances Enforce-
ment grants currently assist 35 States in a coop-
erative PCB/asbestos enforcement program.
Research and Development Enhances
Toxics Program Goals
Increased resources are requested to assess
reproductive and neurological risks_of exposure
to toxic chemicals, advance research in the area of
exposure assessment, and support review of new
and existing chemicals as required under TSCA.
The Toxics Research Program supports a total of
$26.2 million and 184 workyears in 1992.
Toxics research will continue to focus on
reducing risks to human health from exposure to
toxic chemicals. Research in 1992 will support
OTS by researching human and environmental
risk factors, developing data on structure activity
relationships, and assessing health and environ-
mental effects from chemicals in commerce.
33
-------
34
-------
ENERGY
$13.6 M
DOLLARS
+$0.1 M
1992
INCREASE
WORKYEARS
$13.7 M
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
30
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
The Energy Program provides scientific
information necessary to assess environmental
impacts from the Nation's energy sector (e.g.
utilities, industry, and automobiles) and evaluate
potential controls to mitigate environmental ef-
fects from energy use. Energy Program activities
are focused on two environmental issues related
to energy use:
1. understanding effects of and as-
sessing solutions to reduce acid
deposition, and
2. assessing retrofit boiler tech-
nologies which can reduce acid
deposition air emissions.
In 1992, $ 13.7 million and 30 workyears are
requested to address these two issues. This
request represents a stable level of funding from
1991 given the reauthorization of the National
Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP)
in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.
In 1993, the Agency is considering merging
the Energy Media programs into the Air Media
program because of the implementation of the
Clean Air Act Amendments.
HIGHLIGHTS
Acid Rain Research
The National Acid Precipitation Assess-
ment Program (NAPAP) was reauthorized by
Title IXoftheClean Air Act Amendments. NAPAP
will review research activities conducted under
the original 1980 research plan and develop a
revised plan to address significant research gaps
to address current and future research priorities.
The NAPAP Final Assessment Report, to be re-
leased in the Spring of 1991, will provide policy
makers with scientific data on the causes and
effects of acid deposition.
In 1992, $10.2 million and 12 workyears are
provided to continue long-term monitoring, mod-
eling, and technology demonstration on air emis-
sions related to acid deposition to support the new
requirements from the 1990 Clean Air Act
Amendments. Activities will be focused in three
major areas:
Research will estimate air emis-
sions from man-made sources by
improving air emission inventories
and applying models specific to
major sources.
Research will continue to assess
atmospheric processes through
applications of (a) the Regional
Acid Deposition Monitoring
(RADM) model in different control
scenarios and (b) an upgraded
RADM to describe deposition in
urban areas and sensitive recep-
tor regions.
35
-------
ENERGY
Research will continue monitor-
ing on dry atmospheric deposition
of chemical species of interest (e.g.,
S02, N02, 03, and participate
sulfate and nitrate).
LIMB Technology Research
The Limestone Injection Multistage Burner
(LIMB) Research Program is developing and
evaluating air emission control technology that
will remove sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen
oxides (NOx) from flue gases of existing coal-fired
boilers. In 1992, $3.5 million and 18 workyears
are provided to finish research on LIMB technol-
ogy. These resources will provide support for the
final testing of a commercial-scale demonstration
of a tangentially-fired LIMB technology in
Yorktown, Virginia. The LIMB demonstration
program will be completed in 1992. This project
is jointly funded by the Federal government and
the electrical power generating industry.
36
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MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
$535.6 M
DOLLARS
+$26.4 M
1992
INCREASE
$562.0 M
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
3,318
WORKYEARS
+98
3,416
1992
INCREASE
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
The Management and Support Media pro-
vides the executive direction and policy oversight
for all Agency programs, as well as administrative
and support services which are not assigned to
specific program activities. The major offices in
this media are the Office of Policy, Planning and
Evaluation, the Office of International Activities,
the Office of Administration and Resources
Management, the Office of General Counsel, and
the Administrator's Office.
The 1992 budget supports enhanced legal
services in both Headquarters and the Regions; a
rebuilding of the Agency's core economic analysis
capabilities; an expanded international leadership
role for EPA; enhanced efforts aimed at improv-
ing the Agency's data integration efforts; and the
Environmental Statistics Project. Other admin-
istrative initiatives emphasized in the budget
include: enhancing employee development; in-
tegrating EPA's administrative systems; and
providing for enhancements and cost increases in
Agency support services.
The President's 1992 budgetprovides $562.0
million and 3,416 workyears for Management
and Support activities, an increase of $26.4 mil-
lion and 98 workyears over 1991.
HIGHLIGHTS
The Office of Policy, Planning, and
Evaluation Will Focus On Strengthening
The Agency's Core Economic Analysis
Capability
In 1992, the Office of Policy, Planning and
Evaluation (OPPE) will be funded at a level of
$53.8 million and 373 workyears. This represents
an increase of $3.8 million and 14 workyears over
the 1991 level, or an 8% increase in dollars and a
4% increase in workyears.
In response to increasingpressure to develop
new and cost-effective solutions to environmental
concerns, OPPE will lead a major effort to
strengthen the Agency's economic and analytical
capability. Thisrevitalization of EPA's economic
and analytical capabilities will foster the Agency's
ability to set environmental priorities based on a
more complete understanding of the costs and
benefits of environmental protection. OPPE will
seek opportunities for cost-effective pollution
prevention and widen its search for economic and
market-based alternatives to command-and-
control regulation.
In 1992, the Environmental Statistics
Project will conduct analyses of existing envi-
37
-------
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
ronmental data, determine data gaps, and de-
velop assessments of environmental conditions.
By working cooperatively with both public and
private organizations and governmental entities,
the Agency will improve its environmental data
bases to help ensure that limited program re-
sources are focused on the most important prob-
lems.
In 1992, OPPE will work closely with other
EPA offices and other Federal agencies to evaluate
global climate policy options and enhance inter-
national understanding of and involvement in
determining response strategies. OPPE will
channel $3.2 million to insert more economic
research into the debate on global climate and
work with the Office of International Activities to
provide leadership for international agreements.
During 1992, OPPE will continue to promote
pollution prevention techniques in all environ-
mental programs and maintain its responsibility
to oversee the Agency's strategic planningprocess.
The Agency Will Enhance Its International
Leadership Role Through Increased
Investments
The 1992 budget provides $6.2 million and
61 workyears for the Office of International Ac-
tivities (OIA), an increase of $0.7 million and 9
workyears over 1991.
In 1992, OIA will pay particular attention
to increasing international cooperation on global
environmental challenges and further integrat-
ing economic and environmental decision-making.
International policy areas that the Office
will address include influencing international
policy on sustainable development; facilitating
the international transfer of appropriate tech-
nology; and ensuring that multilateral develop-
ment banks such as the World Bank and the
International Monetary Fund consider environ-
mental factors in formulating their lending poli-
cies. By participating actively in bilateral and
multilateral environmental programs and nego-
tiations, OIA will provide leadership, coordination
and communication throughout the United Sates
and the international community in addressing
these global issues.
OIA will facilitate Agency participation in
bilateral agreements on mutual environmental
problems with Canada and Mexico. It will also
coordinate Agency cooperative research and de-
velopment programs with Japan, Germany and
other industrialized nations, and revise and ex-
pand relations with Eastern Europe and the So-
viet Union. We will continue to support the
Center on the Regional Environment of Central
and Eastern Europe (Bush Center) to promote
the solution of transboundary air and water pol-
lution.
The Office of Administration and
Resources Management Will Continue
To Provide Critical Administrative
and Support Services
The 1992 budget provides $94.4million and
1,662 workyears for the Headquarters and Re-
gional components of the Office of Administration
and Resources Management. This represents an
increase of $5.3 million and 42 workyears over
1991. The Office will include resources to support
the implementation of the Clean Air Act.
Ensuring management integrity in Agency
programs will be a priority of the Office of Ad-
ministration and Resources Management in 1992.
OARM's efforts will be focused on assuring a
strong system of financial controls, includingwork
toward integration of Agency financial systems;
further developing a program for better infor-
mation management planning; improving ad-
ministration of the Agency's contracts and grants
programs; pursuing a focused human resources
management effort to build a skilled career envi-
ronmental workforce; and improving working
conditions at EPA facilities.
The Agency's implementation of the Chief
Financial Officers' legislation will strengthen
controls to enhance management and financial
integrity. Expansion and improvement of con-
tracts and grants management in the Regions
will provide increased accountability and im-
proved productivity by managing the program at
an appropriate level.
A major initiative of the Agency is the
collection and dissemination of environmental
data. The development of State and local gov-
38
-------
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
ernments' information capacity through OARM's
State/EPA Data Management program will en-
able States to enhance their own activities as well
as participate in Agency projects. The implemen-
tation of an enhanced Geographic Information
System will also help equip Agency managers
with the tools necessary to integrate a wide array
of environmental data across different media
programs.
Support Services
The budget contains $284.8 million for
Agency-wide support services, an increase of $26.3
million over 1991. This increase will cover higher
General Services Administration rental and direct
lease payments. Increases will also fund inflation
and rate increases in general support services
such as automated data processing, utilities,
maintenance, postage, and supplies for all Agency
programs.
Buildings and Facilities
The budget contains $13.0 million for
buildings and facilities (B&F) projects. The goal
of the B&F program is to provide a safe and
healthful work environment for EPA employees
by providing for renovation upgrades and repair
or replacement of EPA facilities.
In 1992, OARM will be directing a major
effort toward implementing intermediate and
long-range plans which assess alternative hous-
ing options for EPA operations. Funds will be
used in 1992 to improve working conditions at the
Waterside Mall Complex as well as necessary
retrofitting to implement the Agency's Master
Space Plan; address critical repairs related to
employee health and safety concerns; enhance
environmental compliance efforts in EPA facili-
ties; and meet critical regional build-out costs for
space associated with moves of the Chicago Re-
gional Office as well as the expansion of the
Philadelphia and Dallas Regional Offices. Finally,
funding will be provided in 1992 to design and
construct day care facilities.
Significant Increases In Legal Services Will
Be ProvidedBv The Office of General Counsel
The budget for legal services supports a
total of $18.8 million and 275 workyears to pro-
vide legal advice and assistance to both Head-
quarters and Regional managers. This repre-
sents an increase of 22 workyears, or approxi-
mately 9 percent. These increased workyears will
provide additional legal support for Clean Air Act
implementation, management integrity initia-
tives, the Indians program, and international
activities. The increase will permit OGC to pro-
mote its objective of assuring legal consistency in
policies and decision-making throughout the
Agency.
A Major New Environmental Education Ini-
tiative Will Be Funded Through The Office of
The Administrator
The budget contains $48.8 million and 504
workyears for the Headquarters and Regional
components of the Office of the Administrator.
This represents an increase of $11.3 million and
7 workyears.
The major new initiatives in the Office of
the Administrator are the establishment of the
Office of Environmental Education and the
implementation of the National Environmental
Education Act of 1990. The primary goal of this
legislation and office is the promotion of envi-
ronmental literacy at both the K - 12 level and in
the public as a whole. To fulfill these new re-
sponsibilities, the Office of Communications and
Public Affairs (OCPA) will receive 5 additional
workyears and $7.0 million. These resources will
allow OCPA to develop the Office of Environmental
Education and set up the grants program au-
thorized in the legislation. Additionally, $2.9
million and 49 workyears are included in the 1992
budget for the Office of Congressional and Leg-
islative Affairs in order to assist the Agency in
respondingto the environmental concerns of Con-
gress.
39
-------
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
The Office ofRegional Operations and State/
Local Relations Will Continue To Support
Our State and Local Partners
The budget contains $1.5 million and 21
worky ears for Regional and State/Local Relations
to continue ourvigorous support of local responses
to environmental problems through innovative,
non-regulatory approaches. The program seeks
to encourage close and effective cooperation be-
40
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OFFICE OF THE
INSPECTOR
GENERAL
41
-------
42
-------
OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR
DOLLARS
+$4.2M
$37.0 M
$41.2 M
1992
INCREASE
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
350
WORKYEARS
+16
366
1992
INCREASE
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
The Office of the Inspector General is re-
sponsible for reviewing EPA's programs, admin-
istrative, and financial activities, investigating
allegations or evidence of possible criminal or
civil violations, and promoting efficient and ef-
fective operations within the Agency.
The total 1992 budget for the Office of the
Inspector General appropriation is $41.2 million
and 366 workyears, which is an increase of $4.2
million and 16 workyears over 1991.
The Office of the Inspector General (OIG)
appropriation consists of three distinct parts:
Management, Superfund, and Leaking Under-
groun d Storage Tanks (LUST). The Man agement
portion is appropriated with General Revenue
funds and covers the activities of the operating
and construction grants programs. The Superfund
and LUST portions of the OIG appropriation are
derived from the Hazardous Substance and LUST
trust funds, and are for OIG activities related
specifically to the programs funded by the trust
funds.
HIGHLIGHTS
Management
The Office of the Inspector General budget
for the Management portion of the appropriation
is $25.6 million and 266 workyears. This repre-
sents and increase of $2.3 million and 4 workyears.
In 1992 the Office of the Inspector General will
implement the requirements of the Chief Finan-
cial Officer Act for Inspector General audits of
Agency financial statements and expand audit
coverage of Agency contracts, including develop-
ment of in-house contract audit expertise. In
addition, the Office of the Inspector General will
continue conducting internal performance au-
dits, expedite audits of construction grant close
outs, investigate possible fraud and abuse, and
continue its fraud prevention program. Funds
are also included to provide basic support services
to the Office of the Inspector General including
rent, utilities, and supplies.
Superfund
The Office of the Inspector General provides
a total of $14.9 million and 96 workyears for
Superfund activities, an increase of $1.8 million
and 11 workyears, to be derived from the Hazard-
ous Substance Trust Fund. These resources will
be used to expand audit coverage of critical
Superfund contracts and investigations of the
Contract Laboratory Program. Funds are also
included to conduct performance audits, use en-
gineers and scientists to conduct complex, highly
technical remedial studies, provide assistance to
other audits and investigations, and provide
general support services to related OIG person-
nel.
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUST)
The Office of the Inspector General provides
a total of $623 thousand and 5 workyears for
LUST activities, an increase of $48 thousand and
1 workyear, to be derived from the LUST trust
fund. These resources will support continued con-
tract and management audits and provide for
expansion of LUST investigations.
43
-------
44
-------
SUPERFUND
45
-------
46
-------
SUPERFUND
$1,616.2 M
DOLLARS
+$133.8 M
$1,750.0 M
1992
INCREASE
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
3,467
WORKYEARS
+135
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
3,602
1992
INCREASE
1992
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
The Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation, and Liability Act
(CERCLA) of 1980, as amended, charges the
Agency with the responsibility for protecting
human health and the environment by providing
emergency response to hazardous substances
released into the environment and the remediation
of uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. Superfund
activities are financed by taxes on petroleum and
certain chemical feedstocks, a corporate envi-
ronmental tax, response cost recoveries, fines
and penalties, and general revenues.
The 1992 President's Budget provides
$1,750.0 million in budget authority supported
by 3,602 workyears, an increase in budget au-
thority of $133.8 million and 135 workyears over
1991. This increase represents a strong com-
mitment for meeting Agency responsibilities to
protect human health and the environment.
The Agency will take advantage of the
stability provided by the three-year-extension of
Superfund to implement the strategies outlined
in the Superfund Management Review (SMR).
The Agency will move towards a more balanced
approach to identify and clean up abandoned
hazardous waste sites. The Agency's strategy
will emphasize aggressive enforcement, strong
clean up programs, and effective Federal response.
HIGHLIGHTS
Program Will Emphasize Site Cleanup
Actions
The Agency will emphasize Federally-
funded cleanup and supportfor greater potentially
responsible party (PRP) accountability in final
construction as more sites move to the cleanup
stages. Therefore, increased resources will be
dedicated to Response cleanup activities. The
Agency is requesting $1,262.2 million supported
by 1,284 workyears for site response, an increase
of $145.4 million (+13%).
New Starts Increase in the Final Remedial Stages
65
59,
'91 '92 '91 '92
Fund
Financed PRP
[Remedial Design]
'91 '92 '91 '92
Fund
Financed PRP
[Remedial Action]
47
-------
SUPE^FUND
Enforcement Activity Through the Pipeline Increases
(Output Estimates 1991 vs. 1992 By Activity)
PRP
Searches
§ 106
Referrals
with Settlement
§ 107
Cost Recovery
Referrals
The Agency will dedicate $896.0 million to
direct site clean-up, an increase of $143.1 million
(+19%) over 1991. Priority will be placed on
supporting the most environmentally significant
projects first, as recommended in the SMR.
The "Enforcement'First" Initiative Is
Continued
The Superfund Enforcement program en-
sures that PRPs fund cleanups for which they are
responsible. The Agency is requesting $225.0
million and 1,629 workyears for 1992, an increase
of $15.6 million and 145 workyears over 1991.
The Department of Justice will receive $32.3
million to ensure adequate support for the steadily
increasing Superfund caseload. This higher level
of enforcement resources supports the continued
integration of PRP identification early in the site
cleanup process and the higher number of ongo-
ing court actions.
Total PRP Commitments
are Increasing
1987 $290.0 Million
1988 $512.1 Million
1989 $1,020.0 Million
1990 $1,361.5 Million
Federal Facility Oversight Is
Significantly Strengthened
The Agency has a key role in ensuring that
environmental cleanups undertaken at other
Federal Agencies, e.g. the Department of Defense
and the Department of Energy, are adequate.
Besides reviewing other Federal Agencies' cleanup
activities, the Agency provides technical support
and oversees cleanups at Federal facility sites on
Superfund's National Priorities List. Within the
overall enforcement resources, the Agency is re-
questing $34.8 million and 250 workyears in
1992, an increase of $11.5 (+49%) million and 135
(+117%) workyears for Federal facility oversight
activities. The increase will ensure that the
Agency can fulfill its requirements under CERCLA
and meet the terms of Interagency Agreements
between the Agency, other Federal Agencies, and
the States.
Emergency Response Activities Are
Reinforced
The Agency, as part of its response activi-
ties, will continue to focus its removal program on
managing "classical" emergencies or time critical
responses where there is no PRP, state, or local
response alternative. The Agency provides $192.7
million and 241 workyears in 1992 for all Emer-
gency Response activities, an increase of $4.2
million. This increase will further support the
Agency's emergency removal program.
48
-------
SUPERFUND
The Agency Relies On The Special
Expertise Of Other Federal Agencies
The Agency will continue to rely on the
special expertise of other Federal agencies to
implement the Superfund program. The Agency
is requesting $77.2 million for other Federal
agencies, a decrease of $24.0 million from 1991.
Additionally, 60% of the interagency budget is
targeted to support the health authorities under
CERCLA. These activities are primarily con-
ducted by the Agency for Toxic Substances and
Disease Registry and the National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences of the Department
of Health and Human Services.
Research And Site Technical Support
Is More Focused
The Superfund Research program will sup-
port the Agency, States, and industry in resolving
technical problems which inhibit the effective
implementation of removal and remedial actions
at Superfund sites. The Agency provides $68.6
million and 132 workyears for research, a decrease
of $5.0 million from 1991. This reduction repre-
sents the Agency's efforts to balance enforcement
and cleanup needs with research priorities, and
the completion of research projects.
Research will increase on alternative treat-
ment technologies for use in cleanup actions un-
der the Superfund Innovative Technology Evalu-
ation Program. Also, increased technical support
will be provided to the Regions and States to
assist them in carrying out risk assessment, site
characterization, and the selection of remedial
actions. Research will emphasize the use of
bioremediation due to its potential for signifi-
cantly reducing the cost of site cleanups while
also improving the effectiveness of the remedial
effort.
The Agency Continues Its Efforts To
Protect The Integrity Of The Trust Fund
The Agency is requesting $112.0 million
and 514 workyears for administrative and man-
agement services to support the Superfund pro-
gram, a $1.3 million increase. Approximately
58% of this amount provides the Superfund
program's portion of Headquarters and Regional
support costs such as rent, postage, utilities,
security, mail operations, and telecommunica-
tions, as well as administrative and financial
management services. A significant increase in
both dollars and workyears for Contracts and
Grants Management, and dollars in Financial
Management in the Regions, reflects an empha-
sis on internal controls, accountability, and pro-
ductivity in the administration of the Superfund
program.
49
-------
50
-------
I
JEAKING
NDERGROUND
U
STORAGE
TANKS
51
-------
52
-------
LUST
DOLLARS
+$20.0 M
WORKYEARS
$85.0 M
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
90
1992
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
The Leaking Underground Storage Tank
(LUST) trust fund program protects human health
and the environment by providing timely and
effective responses to leaking underground stor-
age tanks containing petroleum and other haz-
ardous substances. The Agency's program was
established by the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act of 1986, as amended, which
authorizes the LUST Trust Fund. The LUST
Trust Fund is financed by a 0.1 cent per gallon tax
on motor fuels and may be used for direct state
cleanups, oversight of owner/operator cleanups,
enforcement, cost recovery actions and adminis-
trative expenses.
The 1992 President's Budget provides $85.0
million and 90 workyears for the LUST program,
an increase of $20.0 million over 1991. These
resources will increase the States' capability to
undertake corrective actions atidentified releases.
HIGHLIGHTS
We Maintain Our Successful
National Program. Direction
The Agency continues to "build state ca-
pacity and partnerships" by providing cooperative
agreements to States and territories to help them
develop and implement their own LUST pro-
grams. For 1992, the Agency is requesting $75.2
million for state cooperative agreements, an in-
crease of $20.0 million from 1991.
The Agency's national LUST program
management approach continues to be based on
the principles of private industry's franchise
concept. The States, as franchisees, are respon-
sible for administering their own LUST programs.
However, the Agency will work with the States
individually to help them improve their overall
program performance, specifically in the areas of
release response, corrective action, and enforce-
ment. The Agency will also develop and dis-
seminate national program management tools to
States, and will serve as a clearinghouse for new
and innovative solutions developed by individual
States to other states facing similar problems.
1992 LUST Appropriation
$85.0 M
$75.2 M
President's
Budget
Total
State
Cooperative
Agreements
53
-------
LUST
States Are Responsible For Program
Implementation
The Agency anticipates that the majority
of reported leaks will be addressed by the re-
sponsible owners/operators. Therefore, state
LUST programs will focus on the implementation
of enforcement and compliance work for owner/
operator corrective actions. The States will con-
duct site investigations based on their priority
lists and will encourage owners/operators to
perform corrective actions at their own sites. If
necessary, the States may use formal enforce-
ment actions to compel corrective actions by re-
calcitrant owners/operators. Additionally, the
States will provide oversight and technical assis-
tance to owners/operators conducting their own
corrective actions.
Due to the continued phase-in of Federal
leak detection requirements, thousands of leak-
ing tanks have been inventoried by the States and
are currently awaiting response actions. Using
LUST trust fund resources, the States will direct
response actions at abandoned sites and sites
where the owners/operators are unwilling or un-
able to conduct response actions. However, when
LUST trust fund monies are used for direct re-
sponse actions, the States will pursue cost recov-
ery from the responsible owners/operators. Re-
covered funds may be usedby the States to finance
other LUST trust fund eligible activities and
projects.
Research and Development Initiatives
Assist States
The Agency will continue to disseminate
technical information on new and innovative
methods for remedial technologies and will assist
States in developing their capabilities to manage
an effective response program. The 1992 request
for research is $0.8 million and 2 workyears, the
same amount as in 1991. This research program
provides technical support to EPA's Office of
Underground Storage Tanks, EPA Regional Of-
fices, States, and local agencies responsible for
implementing the LUST trust fund program.
Technical support will focus on providing scien-
tific expertise on low cost approaches for assess-
ing site contamination and evaluating remedial
technologies.
54
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CONSTRUCTION
GRANTS
55
-------
56
-------
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
The Construction Grants program contin-
ues to respond to the 1987 amendments to the
Clean Water Act. Those amendments provided
for the phased elimination of grants to localities
for sewage treatment plant construction and the
establishment of self-supporting state revolving
funds (SRF) to finance future construction needs.
In 1992, EPA continues federal support for the
capitalization of SRFs. In addition, funds will be
targeted as grants to high priority secondary
treatment facilities in five specific coastal cities
with major unmet treatment needs. This tar-
geted approach will direct funds to those areas
where federal support now can make a significant
impact on expeditiously improving coastal water
quality. Overall the Administration requests
$1.9 billion for 1992 which is $100 million more
than the congressionally authorized level for that
year. This represents a decrease of $200 million
from 1991.
HIGHLIGHTS
Transition to State Revolving Funds (SRFs)
The transition to SRF programs begun dur-
ing 1988 was essentially completed in 1990. At
the end of 1990 initial capitalization grants had
been awarded to 51 states and territories. In 1991
Federal
Capitalization
Grant
State
Matching
Grant
State
Revolving
Fund
SRF I I WQ Coop. Agrmnts E3 Special Projects
$2,100.0 M
$2,047.8 M
$1,900 M
$16.5 M
$16.5 M
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
and 1992 SRFs will be strengthened by additional
capitalization grants from EPA. During 1992, the
Agency will award capitalization grants totalling
$1,483 million to 51 SRF programs.
These federal funds, the required 20 percent
State match, and any additional resources dedi-
cated to the fund will provide financial support to
communities in the form of loans and other non-
grant assistance. In order to increase the amount
of assistance provided, some States continue to
develop aggressive leveraging programs that may
provide increased assistance for their remaining
facility needs.
Wastewater
Treatment
Plant
Construction
Leveraging
Techniques
Cities No Longer Depend on Federal Funding
to Finance Sewage Treatment Plants As SRFs
Become Self-sufficient
57
Financially sound SRFs
will provide an ongoing
source of funding support
for wastewater treatment
facility construction after
Federal capitalization
grants end. In addition, af-
ter a State's most pressing
municipal wastewater
treatment needs are satis-
fied, SRFs may be used to
support implementation of
Nonpoint Source manage-
ment plans and National
Estuary Program compre-
hensive conservation and
management plans.
-------
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
Protecting Existing Federal Investment
Although the direct federal support for the
construction of wastewater facilities ended in
1990, adequate SRF capitalization will protect
the Federal investment in a sewage treatment
plant system that iskey to any pollution prevention
effort. EPA has provided a significant portion of
the more than $73 billion the Nation has invested
in the construction of grant assisted wastewater
treatment works. In fact, since 1973 EPA has
obligated approximately $53 billion for sewage
plant construction. The program has completed
about 8,100 construction projects and by the end
of 1991 will still be actively managing over 4,900
construction grant projects. Currently, about
15,600 treatment facilities in the Nation serve
some 176 million people. Protecting this invest-
ment in infrastructure to ensure maximum water
quality benefits is the continuing goal of the
program.
Managing the Construction Grants
Program to Closeout in 1992
Admin.
Complete
Projects
Projects
Under
Construction
4,333 Projects by
the End of 1992
The Agency's investment of construction
grant appropriations will also be supported by
other water programs. Within the Water Quality
program, EPA will continue to focus significant
oversight efforts on construction and the admin-
istrative completion of wastewater treatment
facilities supported by Federal funds.
Geographically Targeted Secondary
Treatment Initiative
In 1992, $300 million in direct grant assis-
tance to five major coastal cities will be provided
on a 55% cost-shared basis to address pressing
coastal water pollution problems. The five cities
are Boston ($ 100 million), New York ($70 million),
Los Angeles ($55 million), San Diego ($40 million)
and Seattle ($35 million). These municipalities
face the greatest gap between existing wastewater
facilities and those necessary to provide sewage
treatment at secondary treatment standards.
Meeting this standard will dramatically improve
the coastal water quality in these communities.
This geographically targeted approach would fo-
cus resources toward ecologically significant
habitats protecting prime recreational areas and
valuable fisheries.
In addition, $100 million will be devoted to
funding the U.S. share of the international plant
to treat sewage from Tijuana, Mexico as specifi-
cally authorized in the Clean Water Act as
amended. This support will allow implementation
of the recently signed agreement with Mexico
amending the U.S./Mexico Border Water Quality
Agreement.
Water Quality Cooperative Agreements
Also included in our request is $ 16.5 million
for water quality cooperative agreements under
section 104(b) of the Clean Water Act. This
treatment is consistent with the approach taken
by Congress in 1991. These funds would provide
assistance to States for special water permitting
efforts and enforcement activities. States will use
these funds to conduct special demonstrations,
training and studies.
58
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RESEARCH
AND
DEVELOPMENT
59
-------
60
-------
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
$433.6 M
DOLLARS
+$57.7 M
1992
INCREASE
$491.3 M
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
1,891
WORKYEARS
+43
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1,934
1992
INCREASE
1992
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
The Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) conducts research and development for
two primary purposes:
1. To support the Agency's statutory
and regulatory responsibilities to
protect human health and the envi-
ronment; and
2. To advance the body of scientific
knowledge in environmental sciences
to better understand emerging envi-
ronmental issues.
The Agency's investments in environmen-
tal research and development are essential to
understand and deal with the complex and large
scale environmental pollution issues that exists
today. Scientific information enables decision
makers to understand the causes and effects of
pollution, the actual risks involved, and options
to reduce these risks. EPA, along with other
Federal agencies, is responsible for defining the
nature of and options for solving our Nation's
environmental problems.
In 1992, EPA's Budget provides a total of
$491.3 million and 1,934 workyearsforits research
and development program. This Budget is a total
increase of $57.7 million and 43 workyears over
1991 for major research initiatives in 1992. This
increase is in addition to $14.3 million shifted
internally within the base for new research in
1992. This internal shift reflects a major re-
structuring that occurred for operating expenses
and one-year directed research (e.g. cost-shared
solar research projects) in the 1991 Budget. The
Agency's total investment in new research ini-
tiatives in 1992 is $72.0 million.
The objectives of the 1992 research and
development budget are to: 1) improve EPA's
scientific ability to address new statutory re-
quirements; 2) improve understanding of the ef-
fects of pollution on our Nation's ecological re-
sources; and 3) improve information available to
the Agency's decision makers. The major in-
vestments in 1992 address these objectives in the
following ways.
Research Supports New Clean Air
Act Amendments
The Clean Air Act was significantly
amended in 1990 to accelerate improvements to
the Nation's air quality. New statutory require-
ments will aggressively address concerns of our
Nation's human and environmental health from
air pollution.
In 1992, EPA's Budget provides a total
increase of $20.5 million and 30 workyears over
1991 to conduct research necessary to implement
the new Clean Air Act requirements in a timely
fashion. Research activities will identify meth-
ods to meet new research requirements on ozone
non-attainment in major metropolitan areas, air
pollution from mobile sources (i.e. motor vehicles),
health concerns from air toxics, and acid deposi-
tion emissions.
61
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RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Research Expands Understanding of
Ecological Systems
Understanding how our nation's ecosystems
are affected by human activities is a growing
concern of the American public. Ecological systems
such as forests, wetlands and rangelands are
important valuable assets. However, relatively
little is understood about how these complex
interrelated systems are being affected by pollu-
tion over time. Without a sound scientific under-
standing of these ecosystems, any controls or
solutions may exacerbate the problem rather than
solve it.
To better understand ecological systems,
EPA's Budget provides in 1992 a total increase of
$19.2 million and 5 workyears over 1991. Research
will be conducted on local ecosystems (e.g. wet-
lands), regional ecosystems (e.g. Great Lakes
region, southern U.S., and the Arctic region), and
the global biosphere (e.g. global climate change
as part of the U.S. Global Climate Change Re-
search Program). The Environmental Monitor-
ing and Assessment Program (EMAP) will ex-
pand current research in the Chesapeake Bay
and the Gulf of Mexico and integrate environ-
mental monitoring data to assess the conditions
of the Great Lakes ecosystem.
Research Provides For Scientifically
Based Decision Making
Addressing environmental concerns and
issues requires a sound understanding of the
causes and effects of environmental problems in
addition to the effectiveness of proposed controls
and solutions. This requires credible scientific
data and knowledge of the sources, movement,
risk, and control or mitigation strategies to make
cost-effective decisions. This is especially impor-
tant as environmental problems are recognized
in a broader and more complex perspective. Ac-
cordingly, over the past two years, EPA has been
strengthening its "applied" media research and
"basic" core research program, in addition to
rebuilding its scientific infrastructure (e.g. hu-
man resource development, equipment, and fa-
cilities) to ensure that Agency decisions are sci-
entifically sound.
In 1992, EPA's Budget provides a total
increase of $16.8 million and 2 workyears over
1991 to provide solid scientific data and knowl-
edge to meet media program concerns. Media
research increases will include initiatives that
address such environmental concerns as food
safety, indoor air problems, lead pollution, elec-
tromagnetic radiation, and hazardous waste is-
sues.
In 1992, EPA's Budget provides a total
increase of $4.0 million and 6 workyears over
1991 to continue strengthening its capabilities to
address emerging environmental concerns
through basic "core" research on human health
exposure and on preventing pollution from in-
dustrial processes.
To continue rebuilding the Agency's scien-
tific infrastructure, EPA's Budget provides a to-
tal increase of $7.5 million over 1991. This in-
crease will enable EPA laboratories to purchase
new scientific instrumentation vital for ongoing
research and to replace aging scientific equip-
ment on a more routine and cost-effective basis.
Increased funding is included for increased op-
erating expenses at EPA's laboratories, and will
provide for increased training and scientific ex-
change opportunities for researchers.
Finally, EPA will be an active participant
in two interagency efforts designed to bolster the
Nation's scientific capabilities and competitive
position in the world economy. EPA's total bud-
get includes $13.4 million (the Office of Research
and Development's (ORD) share is +$0.4 million)
as its contribution to a government-wide Math
and Science Education Initiative, which will place
a special emphasis on improving the scientific
training of the Nation's pre-college and under-
graduate students. This represents a $6.8 million
increase above EPA's related 1991 activities. In
the High Performance Computing Initiative, EPA
will contribute $5 million (+$3.6 million for ORD's
share) to an interagency effort to develop models
for simulating highly complex atmospheric and
chemical interaction, a grand challenge that will
be the objective of the next generation of
supercomputers.
62
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RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
1992 Research and Development Resources
Funding of EPA's research and development program is provided through five appropriations. The
following tables summarize the 1992 President's Budget for EPA's research and development program by
each of these appropriations and by the eleven Agency program media.
PRESIDENTS 1992 BUDGET
by Appropriation
(Dollars in Millions)
Total Change
Appropriation Account Dollars from 1991
Salaries & Expenses 108.9 +5.6
Research & Development 313.0 +58.1
Abatement, Control & Compliance 0.0 -1.0
Superfund Trust Fund 68.6 -5.0
LUST Trust Fund 0.8 0.0
Total Appropriations 491.3 +57.7
The structure of EPA's research and development program tracks the Agency's regulatory programs.
Research is provided to support each of the media programs as follows:
PRESIDENTS 1992 BUDGET
by Media
(Dollars in Millions)
Total Change
Research Media Program Dollars from 1991
Air 112.4 +25.8
Energy/Acid Rain 13.7 0.0
Radiation 4.0 0.0
Water Quality 28.9 + 1.2
Drinking Water 22.2 +1.5
Pesticides 15.0 + 2.4
Toxic Substances 26.2 + 0.8
Hazardous Waste 43.6 + 4.4
Multimedia 150.7 +26.5
Superfund 68.6 - 5.0
LUST 0.8 0.0
Management & Support 5.2 + Q.I
Total Budget 491.3 +57.7
63
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RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
A summary of 1992 research and develop-
ment activities for each Agency media program is
described below.
Air Research
The 1992 Budget for air research is $112.4
million and 467 workyears, an increase of $25.8
million and 24 workyears from 1991. Increases
are provided in 1992 primarily for the 1990 Clean
Air Act Amendments and the U.S. Global Climate
Change Research Program. The 1990 Clean Air
Act Amendments call for research on ozone non-
attainment, mobile sources, air toxics, and acid
deposition. EPA's portion of the U.S Global Cli-
mate Change Research Program, coordinated by
the Committee on Environmental Earth Sciences
(GEES), is increasing over 1991. Increases are
also provided to expand indoor air quality re search
by developing diagnostic protocols and monitor-
ing techniques, evaluating novel ventilation
strategies to mitigate indoor air pollution, and
studying health effects associated with typical
exposures to indoor pollutants.
Energy/Acid Rain Research
Energy research will remain stable at the
1991 funding level ($13.7 million and 30
workyears). ORD will continue long-term moni-
toring, modeling, and technology demonstration
on aif emissions related to acid deposition in
support of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments.
In 1992, the Limestone Injection Multistage
Burner (LIMB) research program will evaluate
emission control technology to remove sulfur ox-
ides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from flue
gases of coal-firedboilers. Resources will complete
the testing of a commercial scale demonstration
of tangentially-fired LIMB boiler technology in
Yorktown, Va.
Radiation Research
Research will continue to support the Office
of Radiation Programs, and State and local gov-
ernments by providing scientific data needed to
determine exposure and risk to radioactive mate-
rials. The 1992 budget for radiation research is
$4.0 million and 81 workyears, which i s level from
1991. Research will place greater emphasis on
meeting the Congressional mandate to reduce
indoor radon to levels comparable with those
found outdoors. Research will include quantify-
ing dose-response relationships, determining
measures of health hazards, and con ducting more
accurate assessments of human risks from elec-
tromagnetic radiation.
Water Quality Research
The 1992 budget for the water quality re-
search program is $28.9 million and 261
workyears, an increase of $1.2 million and 5
workyears. Research increases will strengthen
two Administration initiatives - the Great Lakes
initiative and the policy of "no-net-loss" of wet-
lands. Major research thrusts in support of the
Great Lakes initiative will include: monitoring
freshwater sediments; improving the scientific
basis for lake management plans and generic
sediment criteria; assessing the impact of non-
indigenous species such as the Zebra Mussel on
the Great Lakes ecosystem; and conducting
studies on sources of toxic chemicals in water
contamination (mass balance models). In support
of the Administration's wetlands "no-net-loss"
strategy, research will emphasize monitoring the
condition of wetlands ecosystems and developing
water quality criteria.
Drinking Water Research
Drinking water research will increase to
support the food safety initiative. In 1992, $22.2
million and 178 workyears are provided for drink-
ing water research, an increase of $1.5 million.
Research will be increased for a broad cross-
media research effort to understand the mecha-
nisms of groundwater contamination from the
uses of agricultural pesticides and fertilizers.
Research will also be increased for protection of
water wellheads from contamination such as the
development of monitoring and survey method-
ologies and databases for water wellhead protec-
tion programs.
64
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RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Pesticides Research
The pesticides research program will con-
tinue to focus on reducing risks to human health
and the environment from pesticides misuse. The
pesticides research program will provide $15.0
million and 111 workyears, an increase of $2.4
million and 1 workyear in 1992. This research
program supports decisions of the Office of Pes-
ticide Programs (OPP) on registration and re-
registration of pesticides. Research will assess
reproductive and neurological risks from expo-
sure to pesticides and advance the scientific
knowledge in exposure assessments. Research
on biological pesticides will continue.
Toxics Research
The toxics research program will continue
to focus on reducing risks to human health from
exposure to toxic chemicals. The $26.2 million
and 184 workyears provided for toxics research in
1992 represents an increase of $0.8 million over
1991. Research will support assessments of re-
productive and neurological risks from expo-
sure to toxic chemicals and review new and exi sting
chemicals as required under the Toxic Substances
Control Act (TSCA).
Hazardous Waste Research
The hazardous waste research program will
increase in 1992 to provide scientific data and
technical information for the Hazardous Waste
Program. The 1992 research budget is $43.6
million and 219 workyears, an increase of $4.4
million and 8 workyears over 1991. EPA will
expand research on bioremediation and munici-
pal solid waste (MSW), and provide increased
site-specific technical information for RCRA cor-
rective actions. Research will continue to evaluate
pollution prevention techniques and innovative
technologies for municipal waste disposal.
Multimedia Research
The multimedia research budget is $150.7
million and 196 workyears in 1992. The budget
provides an increase of $26.5 million (+21%) and
15 workyears over 1991 to enhance risk-based
media research, strengthen the Agency's long-
term "core" research program, and continue re-
building the Agency's aging scientific infrastruc-
ture. An example of the Agency's leadership role
in addressing emerging environmental problems
is the increased research on the impact of non-
indigenous species in the Great Lakes ecosystem.
The Agency will also continue to support
interagency research initiatives designed to de-
velop a larger population of educated people to
conduct environmental research and increase the
capabilities of high performance computing. Fi-
nally, increases are requested to provide for in-
creasing operating expenses at research labora-
tories.
Superfund Research
The Superfund research program budget is
$68.6 million and 132 workyears in 1992.
Superfund research will decrease by $5.0 million
as more funding is shifted to site cleanups and
research projects are completed. Research will
continue to support more effective cleanups of
Superfund sites. Emphasis will be placed on
providing technical support to the Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, the Regions
and the States in carrying out risk assessments,
site characterizations, and the selection of rem-
edy alternatives. Research continues on
bioremediation and the evaluation of innovative
treatment technologies under the Superfund In-
novative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program.
Leaking Underground Storage
Tanks (LUST) Research
The Agency will continue to disseminate
technical information on new and innovative
methods for remedial technologies and will assist
States in developing the capabilities to manage
effective response programs. The 1992budgetfor
research is stable from 1991 ($0.8 million and 2
workyears). This research program provides
technical support to the Office of Underground
Storage Tanks, Regions, States and local agencies
responsible for implementing the LUST Trust
Fund Program. Technical support will focus on
providing scientific expertise on low cost ap-
proaches for assessing site contamination and
evaluating remedial technologies.
65
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66
-------
STATE AND
LOCAL GRANTS
67
-------
68
-------
STATE AND LOCAL GRANTS
$498 $498
$242
$267
1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 199O 1991 1992
Recognizing the important role these grant
programs play in maintaining and improving
environmental quality in the States, the budget
for 1992 continues to maintain the commitment
for these essential programs while addressing
necessary fiscal constraints throughout the Fed-
eral Government. The President's 1992 Budget
allocates $498.3 million, an increase of $17.0
thousand over the 1991 level for these grant
programs.
Addressing Critical Areas of Concern
In order to increase States' abilities to ad-
dress today's major environmental problems, the
President's Budget provides additional resources
to support States' efforts in carrying out the
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. This grant
program will support training of state and local
personnel, implementation of state permit pro-
grams, further development of monitoring net-
works, development of new State Implementa-
tion Plans, enhanced vehicle inspection and
maintenance programs, and enforcement of ex-
isting standards.
An increase in Hazardous Waste state
grants will support a pollution prevention initia-
tive, increased inspections and enforcement ac-
tivities in the Great Lakes Basin area, and in-
creased resources for training state hazardous
waste employees.
The Clean Water Act will be supported by
increased resources in several grant programs in
1992. An increase in the wetlands grant program
will strengthen the President's goal of "no net
loss" of wetlands by supporting efforts to identify
valuable wetlands and implement state wetlands
protection programs. The nonpoint source grant
program will continue to develop geographically-
targeted solutions aimed at non-traditional wa-
ter pollution sources including combined sewer
overflows (CSO), stormwater, and Class V under-
ground injection wells. Public Water System
program grants will support activities mandated
by the Safe Drinking Water Act, and provide
technical assistance and public education pro-
grams to States. The President proposes that,
consistent with 1991, the Water Quality 104(b)
grants be funded through the Con struction Grants
program.
Building State Capacity
The President's Budget recognizes the im-
portant role that Federal assistance can play in
building the States' capacity to assume leader-
ship roles in implementing the President's envi-
ronmental policies. The funding levels proposed
for 1992 recognize that the continued support of
the States is necessary if we are to meet our
statutory environmental goals and also address
the pressing national need to control Federal
expenditures.
The following chart shows State and local
grants by program area:
69
-------
STATE AND LOCAL GRANTS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
ATR
SECTION 105 $138,275.0
WATER QUALITY
SECTION 106 81,700.0
CLEAN LAKES 7,583.0
NON-POINT SOURCE 50,250.0
WETLANDS PROGRAM
IMPLEMENTATION 5,000.0
1040J) WATER QUALITY
MANAGEMENT 16,500.0
DRINKING WATER
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM
PROGRAM GRANTS 47,450.0
UNDERGROUND INJECTION
CONTROL PROGRAM 10,500.0
SPECIAL STUDIES 4,650.0
HAZARDOUS WASTE
H.W. FINANCIAL
ASSISTANCE 82,967.0
UNDERGROUND STORAGE
TANKS 9,000.0
PESTICIDES
PESTICIDES ENFORCEMENT
GRANTS 15,803.4
PESTICIDES PROGRAM
IMPLEMENTATION 14,500.0
RADIATION
RADON STATE GRANTS 9,000.0
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ENFORCEMENT GRANTS 5,100.0
1992
PRESIDENTS
RTTDGET
$162,700.0
81,700.0
0.0
24,250.0
8,500.0
16,500.0
49,950.0
10,500.0
500.0
90,292.0
9,000.0
15,803.4
14,500.0
9,000.0
5,100.0
1992-1991
DIFFERENCE
+24,425.0
+0.0
-7,583.0
-26,000.0
+3,500.0
0.0
+2,500.0
0.0
-4,150.0
+7,325.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
TOTAL
$498,278.4
$498,295.4
+$17.0
70
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APPENDIX:
BUDGET TABLES
71
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SUMMARY OF AGENCY RESOURCES
BY MEDIA
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
MEDIA
Air
Water Quality
Drinking Water
Hazardous Waste
Pesticides
Radiation
Multimedia
Toxic Substances
Energy
Management & Support
Office of the Inspector General (OIG)
SUBTOTAL OPERATING PROGRAMS
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
$394,874.3
418,531.3
134,232.4
310,989.6
107,566.8
38,956.0
177,898.6
167,091.8
13,621.8
512,232.4
23,318.8
$2,299,313.8
1992
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
$511,787.8
412,822.1
136,148.4
333,735.0
117,063.8
39,627.2
215,010.0
119,287.2
13,672.2
536,351.3
25,623.0
$2,461,128.0
1992-1991
DIFFERENCE
TOTAL
DOLLARS
+$116,913.5
-5,709.2
+1,916.0
+22,745.4
+9,497.0
+671.2
+37,111.4
-47,804.6
+50.4
+24,118.9
+2,304.2
+$161,814.2
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund (Superfund)
OIG Superfund
SUBTOTAL SUPERFUND
1,616,228.0
13,106.4
1,629,334.4
1,750,000.0
14,954.0
1,764,954.0
+133,772.0
+1,847.6
+135,619.6
Leaking Underground Storage
Tank Trust Fund (LUST)
OIG LUST
SUBTOTAL LUST
Construction Grants
GRAND TOTAL
65,000.2
574.8
65,575.0
2,100,000.0
$6,094,223.2
85,000.0
623.0
85,623.0
1,900,000.0
$6,211,705.0
+19,999.8
+48.2
+20,048.0
-200,000.0
+$117,481.8
72
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SUMMARY OF AGENCY RESOURCES
BY MEDIA
(WORKYEARS)
MEDIA
Air
Water Quality
Drinking Water
Hazardous Waste
Pesticides
Radiation
Multimedia
Toxic Substances
Energy
Management & Support
Office of the Inspector General (OIG)
SUBTOTAL OPERATING PROGRAMS
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1,971
2,251
801
1,632
1,088
301
849
895
30
3,056
262
13,136
1992
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
2,268
2,341
808
1,660
1,198
312
904
892
30
3,150
266
13,829
1992-1991
DIFFERENCE
TOTAL
WORKYEARS
+297
+90
+7
+28
+110
+11
+55
-3
0
+94
+4
+693
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund (Superfund)
OIG Superfund
SUBTOTAL SUPERFUND
Leaking Underground Storage
Tank Trust Fund (LUST)
OIG LUST
SUBTOTAL LUST
3,467
85
3,552
90
4
3,602
96
3,698
90
5
+135
+11
+146
0
+1
94
95
+1
GRAND TOTAL
16,782
17,622
+840
73
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