United States
           Environmental Protection
           Agency
             Office of
             Emergency and
             Remedial Response
EPA/ROD/R07-88/012
July 1988
SEPA
Superfund
Record of Decision:
           Shenandoah Stables, MO

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REPORT DOCUMENTATION *• "E^m- NO. 2.
PAGE EPA/ROD/R07-88/012
4. Title and Subtitle
SUPERFUND RECORD OF DECISION
l^henandoah Stables, MO
l^^^rst Remedial Action
^Wfuthorts)
9. Performing Organization Name and Address

12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
3. Recipient's Accession No.
5. Report Date
07/28/88
6.
8. Performing Organization Rept. No.
10. Project/Task/Work Unit No.
11. Contract(C) or Grant(G) No.
(C)
13. Type of Report & Period Covered
800/000
14.
 IS. Supplementary Notes
 16. Abstract (Limit: 200 words)
     The  Shenandbah Stables  (SS)  site is located  in  a  rural area near Moscow Mills,
  Lincoln County, Missouri,  approximately 35 miles northwest of St. Louis,  Missouri.  The
  property includes an enclosed  arena and horse stables.   There are about 8 residences
  located within a 0.5 mile  radius  of the site, as well  as a livestock operation, and
  other  small  businesses on  approximately 5- to 10-acre  parcels around the  facility.  The
       lies in the upper flood plain of Crooked Creek.  In May 1971, the area inside the
    ena  was sprayed with dioxin-contaminated waste oil for dust control purposes.  There
       reports  that 1,500 gallons  of waste material were  applied at this time.  Following
  this spraying, a number of adverse effects were noted;  horses and other animals became
  ill  or  died, and the six-year-old daughter of one  of the owners was hospitalized for a
  variety of symptoms assumed to be related to exposure  to contaminated soil.  Between
  August  1971  and March 1972, approximately 24 to 26 inches of the contaminated material
  was  removed  and disposed of either offsite or onsite in two removal episodes.
  Investigations were conducted  by  EPA in May 1982,  which indicated continued exterior and
  interior contamination of  the  facility by dioxin at  levels greater than 1,750 ug/kg.
  Since  the spraying, the site has  been flooded a number of times, with water levels
  inside  the arena as high as four  feet above the arena  floor.  Investigations have shown
  (See Attached Sheet)
 17. Document Analysis a. Descriptors
   Record  of Decision
   Shenandoah Stables, MO
   First  Remedial Action
   Contaminated Media:  soil,  structures
   Key  Contaminants:  dioxin
   b. Identifiers/Open-Ended Terms
   c. COSATI Field/Group
    variability Statement
19. Security Class (This Report)
     None    	
                                                        20. Security Class (This Page)
                                                             None
21. No. of Pages

  	21
                                                                                  22. Price
(SeeANSI-Z39.18)
                                        See Instructions on Reverse
                         OPTIONAL FORM 272 <4-77>
                         (Formerly NTIS-3S)
                         Department of Commerce

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EPA/ROD/R07-88/012
Shenandoah Stables, MO
First Remedial Action

16.  ABSTRACT (continued)

contamination of approximately 8,600 yd^ of interior and exterior site areas.  The
primary contaminant of concern affecting the soil and structures at the site is dioxin.

   The selected remedial action for this site includes:   excavation of all
dioxin-contaminated surface soil exceeding 1 ug/kg with continued excavation until a
residual concentration of 5 to 10 ug/kg at the 2 to 4-foot depth is reached in the arena
and slough, or excavation until bedrock is encountered,  with backfilling of excavated
area, placement of the excavated soil in lined polypropylene bags, and storage of the
bags in RCRA-equivalent enclosed steel storage structures onsite; and decontamination of
onsite structures.  Approximately 3,300 yd^ of soil are expected to be excavated and
stored.  The estimated present worth cost for this remedial action is $3,-936,500.

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              RECORD OF DECISION




                      FOR




NON-FIN.AL MANAGEMENT OF DIOXIN-CONTAMINATED




            SOIL AND STRUCTURES AT






              SHENANDOAH STABLES




            MOSCOW MILLS, MISSOURI
                   Prepared by:




    U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                    JULY 1988

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                    RECORD OF DECISION DECLARATION
  SITE NAME AND LOCATION

       o  Shenandoah Stables, Moscow Mills

  STATEMENT OF BASIS AND PURPOSE

  This  decision document  presents the  selected  non-final  remedial action for the
  Shenandoah Stables site in Moscow Mills, Missouri.  This plan has been developed in
  accordance with CERCLA, as amended by  SARA, and, to the extent practicable, the
  National Contingency Plan.  This  decision  is based on the  administrative record for
  this  site.  The attached index identifies the items which comprise the administrative
  record upon which the selection of the remedial  action is based.

  DESCRIPTION OF THE SELECTED REMEDY

  This  remedial  action   represents  the  non-final  remedial  action  for  dioxin-
  contaminated soils  and  structures at  the  Shenandoah  Stables site.  This remedial
  action addresses the principal threats at the site by excavation and onsite storage of
  soils  which exceed the  1 ppb action level  established for the protection  of  public
  health and the environment in residential areas.

  The  major components of the selected remedial action include:

        o   Excavation of all dioxin-contaminated soils exceeding the  health based
            criteria -  excavate  surface  soils  exceeding  1  ppb  at  the 95  percent
            confidence  level  using  the  established  sampling  protocol,  continue
            excavation until a residual concentration of 5 to 10 ppb is reached in the
            arena and slough at the 2- to 4-foot depth interval or to the 1-foot depth
            interval  in  other areas,   or until   the  4-foot   depth  or  bedrock  is
            encountered;
        o   Placement of  excavated soils in  lined polypropylene bags  and storage of
            the bags  in  RCRA-equivalent  enclosed  steel  storage structures  onsite;
        o   Decontamination of onsite structures.

  DECLARATION

  The  selected  remedy is  protective of  human health  and the environment,  attains
  Federal and State requirements that are applicable or relevant  and appropriate  to
  this  remedial action and is cost-effective. Section  121  of  CERCLA  identifies  a
  statutory  preference for treatment that  reduces toxicity,  mobility  or  volume of
  hazardous substances.   The  selected  remedy  described in this document  is  a  non-
  final action that will the reduce the toxicity and mobility  of the hazardous material
  onsite.  However, treatment will  not be addressed at  this time.   Treatment will be
  addressed during consideration of the final remedial action alternatives.
   7-2
Date    j                         •                             Morris Kay
                                                   Regional Administrator
                                                              Region VII

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            RESPONSIVENESS SUMMARY
               RECORD OF DECISION




                      FOR




NON-FINAL MANAGEMENT OF DIOXIN-CONTAMINATED




            SOIL AND STRUCTURES AT






              SHENANDOAH STABLES




            MOSCOW MILLS, MISSOURI
                   Prepared by:




    U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                    JULY 1988

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                           RESPONSIVENESS SUMMARY
                               Record of Decision for
                    Non-Final Management of Dioxin-Contaminated
                                Soil and Structures at
                                 Shenandoah Stables
                               Moscow Mills, Missouri
The  Responsiveness  Summary  provides a  mechanism  for  the  Environmental  Protection
Agency (EPA)  to  discuss  and respond to  comments  received  from the  public on  the
proposed remedial alternatives.   The proposed non-final alternatives  considered by  the
Agency were presented in the  Operable Unit Feasibility Study (OUFS)  and Proposed Plan
for Non-Final Management of Dioxin-Contaminated  Soil and  Structures at Shenandoah
Stables in Moscow Mills, Missouri!

As required by CERCLA, a notice and brief analysis of the Proposed Plan were published
on June  19,  1988, in the St.  Louis Post Dispatch.   The public notice  provided a  brief
overview  of the site  and identified  the  lead agency  (EPA)  and the support agency
(MDNR).  The notice informed the public  of its role in the decision-making process and
provided information  on  the  public  comment period, the location of  the  information
repositories  and  methods by which the  public  could  submit  oral and  written  comments.
The notice also presented the preferred alternative and  requested public comments on  the^
alternatives considered.

To provide  the  community with a reasonable opportunity to  submit  written  and orr.l
comments on the Proposed Plan and the  OUFS  report, the EPA  established  a  public
comment period  from  June 20 through  July 11, 1988.  The  EPA invited  requests  for  a
public meeting  in  the community to  present  the Proposed  Plan and  OUFS, answer
questions and receive comments.                          ^__

The Proposed Plan, OUFS and Administrative Record file were made available  for public
review at  the Moscow Mills City Hall  and at the EPA Region VII Library  in Kansas City,
Kansas.  No comments were received  by EPA or the State on  the OUFS, Proposed Plan,
the preferred alternative or the  Administrative Record file  during the public comment
period.  No request were received to conduct a public meeting.

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               DECISION SUMMARY
               RECORD OF DECISION




                       FOR




NON-FINAL MANAGEMENT OF DIOXIN-CONTAMINATED




            SOIL AND STRUCTURES AT






              SHENANDOAH STABLES




            MOSCOW MILLS, MISSOURI
                    Prepared by:




    U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                    JULY 1988

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                           TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION                                                             PAGE

1.0    INTRODUCTION	 1
      1.1   SITE SETTING/DESCRIPTION	1
      1.2   PAST INVESTIGATIVE AND MITIGATION ACTIONS	1
      1.3   ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS	2
      1.4   SUMMARY OF SITE RISKS	2
      1.5   DOCUMENTATION OF SIGNIFICANT CHANGES	5
2.0    ALTERNATIVES EVALUATED	5
      2.1   ALTERNATIVE  1 - NO ACTION	5
      2.2   ALTERNATIVE  2 - CAP	5
      2.3   ALTERNATIVE  3 - EXCAVATION/STORAGE	5
3.0    COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ALTERNATIVES	6
      3.1   PROTECTION OF HUMAN HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT	6
      3.2   COMPLIANCE WITH APPLICABLE OR RELEVANT AND
           APPROPRIATE REQUIREMENTS	7
      3.3   REDUCTION OF TOXICITY, MOBILITY OR VOLUME	9
      3.4.   SHORT-TERM EFFECTIVENESS	10
      3.5   LONG-TERM EFFECTIVENESS  AND PERMANENCE	10
      3.6   IMPLEMENTABILITY	11
      3.7   COST	:.	11
      3.8   COMMUNITY ACCEPTANCE	.7r.:..;.	11
      3.9   STATE ACCEPTANCE	12
      3.10   SUMMARY	12
4.0    THE SELECTED NON-FINAL REMEDY	14
      4.1   EXCAVATION/CLEAN-UP LEVELS	;	14
      4.2   STRUCTURES	15
      4.3   STORAGE	15
      4.4   HEALTH AND SAFETY	15
      4.5   TIME SCHEDULE  	15

TABLES
Table 3.7    COST SUMMARY ESTIMATE FOR EXCAVATION/STORAGE
           ALTERNATIVE    	13

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                           1.0  INTRODUCTION

1.1   SITE SETTING/DESCRIPTION

The  Shenandoah Stables facility is located in a  rural area along  Highway US-61
near Moscow Mills, Lincoln County, Missouri, approximately  35 miles  northwest  of
St. Louis, Missouri.  Specifically, Shenandoah  Stables lies in the west 1/2, northeast
1/4 of section 17, township  48N, range  IE of the Troy 7.5 minute USGS quadrangle.
The  property lies on the upper flood plain terrace of Crooked Creek in a primarily
agricultural area.  There  are. a number  of  single family residences, a livestock
operation and other small businesses on approximately 5- to 10-acre parcels around
the facility.  The predominant  land  use would  appear to be pasture land which is
primarily vegetated with fescue.

The  property  includes  an  enclosed arena and horse stables  building  containing a
78.5-foot by 189-foot horse  arena,  and  nearly  100 boarding stalls.  The stables are
located on the south side of the  arena and are separated by  a wall which stops about
one  foot from  the  roof trusses.  The enclosed arena building previously  contained
bleachers with  a  capacity for more than 300 spectators and a combination snack bar
and  clubhouse area.  The arena  structure is principally a  wood frame structure with
wood poles and trusses  and  supports and sheet metal walls. Additionally, wood was
used in the construction of the snack bar, stable area, bleachers  and  gates.

During the early 1970's, activities at the Shenandoah Stables included  the boarding,
training  and sale of horses, and the staging of horse  shows.  Children periodically
played in  various  parts of the arena building.   The  area  inside the arena was
sprayed  with  dioxin-contaminated  waste oil on  May  26,  1971, for  dust  control
purposes.  It has  been reported that 1,500 gallons  of waste  material were applied at
this  time.  Following this spraying, a number of adverse effects were  noted; horses
and  other animals became ill or died and the six-year old daughter of one of the
owners was  hospitalized  for  a variety of  symptoms  assumed to be related  to
exposure to contaminated soils.  In August of  1971, the facility owner reportedly
removed  6 to 8 inches of the contaminated material and disposed of  it in the fill for
a portion of US-61, which was under construction at the time.  Horses continued to
die after the first excavation effort conducted by the stables owner in March 1972,
an additional  18 inches of materials were reportedly removed by the site owner
from the arena area and buried  onsitein a slough area  about 75  feet southeast of the
arena structure.

Approximately eight residences  are located within a half-mile radius of the site.  A
preliminary survey indicates that approximately  22 residents  live  within the half-
mile radius of the site.

1.2   PAST INVESTIGATIVE AND MITIGATION ACTIONS

A total  of four  site   investigations have  been  conducted by  the Environmental
Protection Agency  (EPA) or its  contractors and one by  the U.S. Fish and  Wildlife
Service (USFWS)  since the  initial screening effort in  May  1982, confirmed the
presence  of  dioxin at  this site.  These  investigations  have  shown  exterior and
interior contamination of the facility by dioxin  at levels  greater than 1750 parts per
billion (ppb)  dioxin.   Concentrations of  dioxin  have  spread from  the  original
sprayed  area to  adjoining portions of  the enclosed facility and to several  outside

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exposure leads to altered liver functions  and lipid  metabolism, and neurotoxicity.
In addition, humans may develop skin lesions, chloracne and hyperpigmentation.

The  available epidemiologic evidence concerning  the  carcinogenicity of dioxin in
humans  is  inadequate.    Considering  the  available  animal  carcinogenic  and
epidemiologic  data,   however,  the   overall  weight-of-evidence   classification
categorizes dioxin (using  EPA's interim classification scheme) as a probable human
carcinogen.

Polychlorinated  dibenzo-p-dioxins are  a class  of  chlorinated  tricyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons  consisting of two benzene rings connected  by a pair of oxygen atoms.
According to  the position and number of chlorine atoms, it is  possible to  form 75
different types of chlorinated  dioxins. The word  "dioxins" is often used  to refer to
this  class  of  compounds,  especially  with  respect  to   the  highly  toxic  2,3,7,8-
tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)  that is present at  Shenandoah  Stables.   This
class of compounds is rather stable in the presence of  heat, acids and  alkalis.  They
are also chemically stable and start to decompose  only at temperatures greater  than
500 degrees Celsius; the percent of decomposition  depends upon the  residence  time
at high temperature and the proportion of oxygen in the  heated zone.

Physico-chemical  properties suggest  that  dioxin  will  adsorb tightly  to  organic
material  in  soil,  resulting in low mobility.  Once  in the soil, degradation processes
tend to be very slow, with half lives estimated to be ten years or longer.

Experimental  results show that dioxin will  accumulate and concentrate in  fish and
wildlife. In  mammals, dioxin is readily absorbed  through the gastrointestinal tract.
Absorption  through  skin  has  also  been  reported.    Absorption  may  decrease
dramatically if dioxin is  adsorbed to  particulate matter  such as activated carbon or
soil.   After  absorption,  dioxin is distributed  to  tissues  which are  high  in  lipid
content;  however,  in  many  species the  liver is a major storage  area  for dioxin.
Metabolism  of dioxin occurs slowly,  with metabolized dioxin excreted in the urine
and feces.  Unmetabolized dioxin can  be eliminated in  the feces and in the milk.

1.4.2  Risks  to Human Health and the  Environment

Continued  long-term direct  contact  with soils,  ingestion  of soils  or  inhalation  of
particulates contaminated with dioxin present the greatest threat to human  health.
The principal concern would be for  intruders who may disturb contaminated  soils.
Ingestion of dioxin would occur if biota containing  levels of dioxin were consumed
or by direct ingestion of  site  soils.  Wildlife (deer, turkey, rabbits) entering the site
area would be susceptible to contamination.

Ingestion of plants grown in contaminated soil represents a potential exposure route,
although there is uncertainty regarding the potential for uptake of dioxin in plant
life.  Dioxin uptake in many plants appears  to be minimal.

The  site lies  in  the  upper  floodplain of  Crooked Creek.  A  potential  exists for
surface contamination to  reach  Crooked Creek via  stormwater.

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The  Center for  Disease  Control, through  the Agency for Toxic  Substances and
Disease Registry (ATSDR) has  recently provided supplemental information  to  the
1984 paper by Kimbrough, et aL, in a series of  correspondence between ATSDR and
EPA which evaluates exposure  to dioxin contaminated soils. This information  has
supported  excavation  and  removal  of  surface   soils  exceeding  an  average
concentration of  one part per billion (ppb), initially determined prior to excavation
at the  95  percent confidence  level using  the  established sampling  protocol. In
addition, the ATSDR has recommended that excavation continue until:  a residual
concentration of  5 to 10 ppb is  reached in the arena and slough at the 2- to 4-foot
depth interval;  a residual concentration of 5 to 10 ppb is reached in all other areas
at the  1-foot interval; or  a total depth  of 4 feet or bedrock is reached. Removal of
soil to a greater  depth  in the horse arena and slough has been recommended since
historical evidence indicates these areas were previously disturbed. The Agency  has
considered  this information and these recommendations in the process of selecting
this non-final remedy.

1.5  DOCUMENTATION OF SIGNIFICANT CHANGES

The selected remedy presented in this document is identical  to the remedy proposed
in the EPA Proposed Plan of June 1988.

                    2.0  ALTERNATIVES EVALUATED

The  EPA  evaluated three alternatives proposed for  the  non-final  remediation of
Shenandoah Stables.  The non-final remedial  alternatives  considered during this
evaluation  were 1) no action, 2)  cap  and 3) excavation/storage. A description of the
alternatives is provided below.

2.1   ALTERNATIVE 1 - NO ACTION

Under the  no-action alternative, no additional remedial actions would be taken at
the site. Installation of  security fencing  and posting of  warning signs may be
considered part of this alternative.

2.2  ALTERNATIVE 2 - CAP

The primary components  of this alternative are limiting public access, demolition of
site  structures,  placement  of  a six-inch  soil  cover  and porous  mat  over  the
demolition debris and  ground  surface  and promoting vegetation  by seeding  and
fertilization.   This  alternative   would serve  to provide  a stable  cover  over  site
grounds thus  reducing  erosion potential.   The  site  would  be maintained  and
monitored  until  final  remedial  actions are implemented (assume approximately 10
years).

2.3 ALTERNATIVE 3 - EXCAVATION/STORAGE

This  alternative  would  involve decontaminating  existing  onsite  structures  and
excavation  of  surface  soils at  the  site that are contaminated  at concentrations
exceeding  the   health  based   criteria.    Surface   soils   exceeding  an  average
concentration of 1 ppb, initially determined prior to excavation at the  95 percent
confidence  level using  the  established  sampling   protocol,  will  be  excavated.
Excavation  of  soil would proceed until a residual concentration  of 5 to  10 ppb is

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The no action alternative would essentially maintain the conditions as described and
allow the  continued  potential for  dioxin  migration  offsite.  The  migration of
contamination is expected to continue and  possibly increase as the  unauthorized
trespass and activities are conducted at the arena.  Contamination is also leaving the
site and entering  the  environment  via  wildlife  through the  food  chain.   The
potential for  offsite migration via  wind  and water  erosion  will also  continue.
Proper containment of  the contaminated  material is the only means to  mitigate or
eliminate the continued migration of dioxin into the environment.

The  cap alternative would provide  a  reduction  in dioxin  migration  via  surface
water, air and area biota.  Subsequently  the  threat of exposure to site workers or
intruders, intruding wildlife and  downstream biota would be  reduced.  However,
long term maintenance would be required to assure the caps integrity.   Borrowing
animals,  erosion and   other  environmental  and  man induced conditions could
compromise  the caps integrity.

The excavation  of  dioxin contaminated soils  would remove the  threat of exposure.
Excavation  would  remove  dioxin  contamination  to a level below  health based
criteria.  Short-term potential migration may be experienced during soil  disturbance
activities. However, the long-term  degree of  protection significantly outweighs the
short-term impacts, by eliminating the contaminant  source and greatly reducing the
potential for dioxin migration over the long-term.   Dust  and particulates  may be
generated during materials handling and  preparation activities.   Measures would be
taken to  ensure that   these potential  hazards are  controlled  prior to  full-scale
operation. Workers would be protected through mitigative  measures, project-specific
health and safety plans and by adherence to Occupational Safety  and  Health Act
(OSHA)  regulations.  During  onsite  remedial  activities  continuous  ambient air
monitoring will be conducted around the site.

3.2  COMPLIANCE WITH APPLICABLE OR RELEVANT AND
      APPROPRIATE REQUIREMENTS

Section  121(d) of CERCLA,  as  amended  by SARA, requires  that  remedial  actions
comply  with applicable or relevant and  appropriate requirements  (ARARs) under
Federal  and State environmental laws.  The following  potential ARARs have been
identified and evaluated for remedial alternatives  at Shenandoah Stables:

      o  Resource Conservation  and  Recovery Act

      o  Toxic Substance Control Act

      o  Federal  and State Water Quality Criteria

      o  Federal  and State Air Pollution Control Requirements

Those ARARs which have the most substantial impact on the remedy selection are
discussed below.

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disposal of PCB items are located at 40 CFR 761.65. The Federal TSCA regulations
are applicable  to the  Shenandoah Stables site since  concentrations of  PCB's have
been detected at levels exceeding SO ppm.  The selected remedial action  will comply
as necessary with the technical requirements of TSCA.

3.2.3 Federal and State Water Quality Criteria

Federal ambient water quality criteria (established pursuant to Section 303  of the
Clean Water Act at  40 CFR Part 120) provide an  estimate of  the ambient surface
water concentration  that will not result in adverse  health effects in humans, or the
concentrations  associated  with certain incremental  cancer risks.  Federal  and state
ambient  water  quality criteria  for PCBs  and  2,3,7,8-TCDD  are  zero. Federal and
state ambient water  quality criteria represent enforceable regulatory standards, and
are applicable  to any alternative involving  discharge  into the  Crooked  Creek.
Runoff carrying soil particles will  be  controlled during  implementation  of the
selected  remedial  action  to eliminate non-point discharges  of dioxin or  PCB  to
Crooked  Creek.  No  point source discharges will be  made to Crooked Creek as a part
of the selected  remedy.

3.2.4 Federal and State Air Pollution Control Requirements

The  technical and administrative requirements of  the Federal and Missouri Clean
Air Acts specify air quality standards and regulate  hazardous substance  emissions
from  stationary  sources.    The  Missouri  Air  Pollution  Control  Regulations,
administered  by  the  Air  Conservation Commission   at   10  CSR   10  regulate
contaminant  and  particulate  air emissions from  a variety  of sources.   These
requirements applicable to the selected remedial action at Shenandoah Stables which
may result in emissions of air contaminants of fugitive particulate matter (dust) will
be addressed  in the design and implementation  of the remedial action.

3.3  REDUCTION  OF TOXICITY, MOBILITY OR VOLUME

This evaluation criteria relates  to the  performance  of  a technology  or  remedial
alternative in  terms  of  eliminating  or  controlling  risks posed  by  the  toxicity,
mobility, or volume  of hazardous substances.

Dioxin contaminated  soil  would  remain  in  place under  the no  action  and cap
alternatives. Capping would reduce  mobility of  contaminated  soils.  However, the
toxicity of the contaminants would remain at  current levels.  If in the future it is
determined  that  removal  of  contaminated  soil  is required, removal  of the
uncontaminated cover material would also be  necessary.  It would be difficult  to
completely segregate  the cover  material  from  the  underlying  contaminated soil
during removal. Thus the volume of material possibly requiring future management
would be increased by the additional volume  of the cover.

Excavation of  all soils contaminated  with dioxin  above  the health  based  action
level  will  provide  the  greatest  assurance  against  contaminant migration.   The
toxicity and volume of dioxin contaminated  soils would remain the same,  however,
contaminant mobility would be eliminated.  The selected method of  soil storage will
contain soils in lined polypropylene bags and contain those bags in  an enclosed
storage  structure.    This  method provides assurances that  mobility  and  risk  of

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 3.6   IMPLEMENTABILITY

 Implementability  addresses  how  easy  or  difficult,  feasible  or  infeasible,  an
 alternative would be to carry out from  design through construction,  operation and
 maintenance.

 The no action alternative would easily be implemented since it requires  minimal if
 any coordination  of  activity.   Implementation of the  cap alternative will require
 detailed design and competent supervision. Implementation time is approximately  2
 months.

 Implementation of the excavation and storage alternative requires the  careful design
 and operations  planning,  considering many ongoing and simultaneous  activities.
 Similar  actions  have  successfully  been  implemented  at  several  other  dioxin
 contaminated sites in Missouri.   Experienced gained during these  related activities
 have provided  a  means for  the Agency  to refine and perfect the protocol and
 procedures implemented during  the  site  remedial  action.  This alternative could be
 implemented immediately and completed in approximately 25 weeks.

 3.7   COST

 CERCLA requires that  EPA  select  the  most cost-effective (not merely  the lowest
 cost) alternative  that protects human health  and  the environment and  meets other
 requirements .of the law.  The  no action alternative, which would  not involve any,
 cost, was considered in order  to meet requirements of the  law.  The cap  alternative?
 would  involve  costs  of  approximately  S   1.377  million  in  comparison  to  the
 excavation and storage  alternative which would involve a cost of approximately S4.0
 million.  See Table 3.7 for itemized costs.

 Considering  the  increased  protectiveness  and long-term  reliability  of  excavating
 dioxin contaminated  soils, the  impacts  associated with the costs  of  the non-final
 remedy, the most  cost effective  alternative is excavation, and storage.  The costs of
 the  excavation/storage  alternative in excess of  those for the cap alternative  are
 justified since the final remedy  currently planned will require excavation of dioxin
 contaminated soils.  The increased  volume of the  cap materials would subsequently
 increase final remedy costs. The advantages offered by excavation and storage thus
 far outweigh those offered by other alternatives.

 3.8   COMMUNITY ACCEPTANCE

 This  evaluation  criteria .addresses  the  degree  to  which  members  of  the local
 community support the  remedial alternatives being evaluated.

 The local community  has  not recently  expressed  concern  over remediation of  the
 Shenandoah Stables site. This Proposed  Plan stands  as the first presentation to  the
 public of the alternatives considered.

The Proposed Plan, Operable Unit  Feasibility Study  and  Administrative Record
were  provided  at the Moscow  Mills City Hall (repository) on  June  20,  1988.   At
Public Comment Period was held open for 21 days,'until July  11, 1988.  No persons'
visited the repository during this period.  The EPA received no comments,  otherwise,
to the Proposed Plan and no requests  for  a  public meeting were received.
                                       11

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                         Table  3.7

COST SUMMARY ESTIMATE FOR EXCAVATION/STORAGE ALTERNATIVE

CONSTRUCTION COSTS
  U.S. EPA Dioxin Excavation Contract             $
     Site Security at $250/day                        33,250
     Mobilize and Prepare Health & Safety Plan        75,000
     Mobilization of Excavation Equipment             20,000
     Site Management, Trailer and Utilities          132,000
     Excavation and Interior Decon                 2,250,000
     Backfill Soil § $10/yd                           37,500
     Restoration                                      50,000
     Other Supplies                                   25,000

       Subtotal of Dioxin Excavation Contract     $2,622,750
                15% Contingency                      393,412

                           CONSTRUCTION SUBTOTAL  $3,016,162

U.S. EPA Dioxin Building Contract                 $  225,000
           3 Storage Facilities

U.S. EPA Dioxin Polypropylene Bag Contract
                      2500 Bags                   $  100,000
       CONSTRUCTION/CLEAN-UP CONTRACTOR SUBTOTAL  $3,341,162

SAMPLING/OVERSITE COSTS
  U.S. EPA Dioxin Lab Contract
      Soil Samples - 205 @ $200                       41,000
       Air Samples - 175 @ $200                       35,000

  U.S. EPA TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TEAM                 225,000
       15% Contingency                                33,750
                                        SUBTOTAL     334,750

                                TOTAL (EXTRAMURAL) 3,675,912

U.S. EPA COSTS
  Labor                                           $   55,575
  Overhead                                           155,000
  Travel                                              50,000
                                        SUBTOTAL  $  260,575

                         TOTAL  (INTRAMURAL) COST  $  260,575

                              TOTAL PROJECT COST  $3,936,487

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4.2   STRUCTURES

Previous sampling has  not  shown contamination  inside  a nearby  residence  but
extensive contamination inside the arena structure exists. Because of  the  threats
discussed above,  this contaminated material will be removed by a combination of
dry abrasive blasting and HEPA vacuum while the structure is maintained under a
negative pressure so contamination is not spread to outside areas.

4.3   STORAGE

The   storage  structures  to  be   used  for  the  temporary  consolidation  of  the
contaminated  soil and debris will be constructed  to satisfy the  applicable storage
structure requirements  of  40 CFR Part 264 Subpart  I  issued  pursuant  to  the
Resource Conservation  and Recovery  Act (RCRA).  The foundation of  the storage
structures will be constructed  at  an elevation above the 100 year  flood level (479
MSL). The  storage consists of  subgrade preparation and  placement of  a  multi-layer
rolled asphaltic floor with a  continuous 8-inch asphaltic curb with sealer applied.  A
wood-framed, steel-sided building will be constructed over  the entire floor and curb
area.  These storage structures will be located inside a separate fenced  and posted
area for the duration of the. storage period.   Following  completion of the removal
activity, regular scheduled inspections of the structures, fence system and condition
of the stored material will be conducted.

4.4 HEALTH AND SAFETY

A health and  safety plan, similar to plans prepared and  used satisfactorily at other
eastern  Missouri  dioxin  sites, will be prepared for the Shenandoah Stables site  and
implemented during the non-final  remedial action.  An air monitoring program  will
be implemented  prior  to  initiation of excavation and continued  throughout  the
active excavation  phases of  the  project  to monitor  any  offsite  migration  of
potentially contaminated dust.  All active portions of the site and unsecured storage
buildings will be monitored during non-work hours  by trained  security  personnel
operating from  an  office on  the storage structure grounds.  Security  during the
active project phases  will insure  that no unauthorized  personnel  will  be allowed
access to the  site.  Contingency plans have been prepared  in the event that natural
or technological events  cause the unplanned release or potential release of hazardous
materials at the site.
4.5 TIME SCHEDULE

It is estimated that the  entire action  will take 150 work days (25 weeks) from  the
beginning o.f the  initial  onsite  mobilization.   Thirteen weeks  are  allowed  for
excavation of the  contamination  and an additional three  weeks for completion of
restoration and demobilization.
                                        15

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