United Slates
Environmental Protection
Agency
Administration And
Resources Management
(PM-225)
FISCAL YEAR 1993
JUSTIFICATION OF APPROPRIATION
ESTIMATES FOR COMMITTEE ON
APPROPRIATIONS
Printed on Recycled Paper
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Subject Index by Media
AIR
Acid Deposition 2-18
Acid Rain 2-6,80
Allowances, Sulphurdioxide 2-80,83
ADVACATE 2-21,39
Air Quality Monitoring 2-4,41,73,75
Air Toxics 2-5,45,54,63,73
Alternative Fuel 2-25,59
Carbon Monoxide (CO) ..... 2-4,20,76,92
Clean Fuels 2-5,53,97
Clean Vehicles ' 2-5,53,97
Compliance Monitoring Inspections 2-91
Control Technology Guideline (CTG) 2-46
Consulting Services - Air 2-9
Energy Conservation 2-87
Enforcement - Air 2-7,91
Fees - Air 2-6,59
Fuel Economy 2-58,60
Global Climate Change 2-7,31,34,36,87
Green Lights Program 2-87
Health Effects Institute - Air 2-29
Indoor Air 2-8,27,84
Inspection and Maintenance Program - Air 2-5,7,53,55
In-use Emission Factors 2-57
Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) 2-6,45,76
Methane Emissions 2-87
Mobile Source Enforcement 2-7,97
Mobile Source Pollutants 2-5,25,97
Modeling Air Quality 2-75,77
Montreal Protocol 2-7,35,87
Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory 2-8,57
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) .... 2-4,18,48,77
Natl. Emission Standards - Haz. Air Poll. (NESHAPs) . . 2-48,91
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) 2-20,48,92
Ozone 2-4,18,54,91
Particulate Matter (PM-10) 2-4,62,69,73,91
Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) ..... 2-71
Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT) .... 2-68
Regulatory Impact Analysis 2-48
Southern Oxidants Study 2-21
State Grants - Air 2-62
State Implementation Plans (SIPs) 2-4,5,48,70,73
State Operating Permits 2-48,63,69
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Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
Stationary Source Enforcement 2-7,91
Stratospheric Ozone 2-7,87,91
Tampering and Fuel Switching 2-7,97
WATER QUALITY
Alaska Oil Spill 3-46
Bioassessment 3-59
Chesapeake Bay Program 3-6,16,17,20,28
Chesapeake Bay Toxics Reduction Strategy 3-30
Clean Lakes 3-35
Coastal Environment Management 3-30,58
Construction Grants Management 3-64
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106) . 3-36
Corps of Engineers 3-48,64
Consulting Services - Water Quality 3-8
Effluent Guidelines 3-32
Emergency Response - Water Quality 3-49
Enforcement - Water Quality 3-11,68
Great Lakes Program 3-5,7,16,21,26,27,52,
58
Great Lakes Research 3-16,20,21
Gulf of Mexico Initiative 3-6,7,16,20,58,60
Indian Tribes - Water Quality 3-36,37,52,65
International Pollution Control Agreements 3-49
Mexican Border 3-65
National Estuary Program 3-7,61
Near Coastal Waters 3-59.
New York Bight 3-48
Nonpoint Sources 3-6,25,43,47,56,59,64
NPDES Permits 3-10,18,19,23,30,43,
47,68,72
Ocean Dumping Fund 3-4,47,48
Oil Pollution Act 3-49
Operator Training - Water Quality 3-65
Sludge Management 3-53,66
State Grants - Water Quality . . . 3-25,43
State Revolving Funds 3-64
Toxic Pollutant Controls 3-53,59
Wastewater Treatment Compliance 3-64
Water Quality Permit Issuance 3-53
Water Quality Research 3-16
Wetlands (Section 404) 3-6,17,41,42,45,52,59
DRINKING WATER ;
American Water Works Association 4-32
Class V Wells 4-30,36
Drinking Water Implementation .... 4-4,35,43
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U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Errata Sheets to FY 1993 Congressional Budget Justification
Since the FY 1993 Congressional Budget Justification went to print, several changes
have been made. These changes will not affect Appropriation account totals. However,
certain media totals within a number of the accounts will change. The detailed errata sheets
containing these changes will be completed and provided to you by February 7, 1992.
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Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
Epidemiology (Coliform, etc.) 4-20,24,26,27,35
Enforcement 4-42
FIFRA '88 Reregistration 4-23,39,40
Ground-Water Activities 4-3,7,28,36
Ground-Water Task Force Report 4-38
Health Advisories 4-15
Health Effects - Drinking Water 4-12,22
Indian Tribes -Drinking Water 4-20,27,36
National Environmental Training Centers 4-32
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations 4-27,31,44
National Rural Water Association 4-31,40
National Pesticides Survey 4-24
Public Water Systems Supervision 4-24,27,35
Rural Community Assistance Programs 4-31
Special Studies and Demonstrations 4-31
State Grants - Drinking Water 4-26,28,31
Underground Injection Control . 4-16,22,28,36,44
Wellhead Protection 4-15,30,36,39
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Air Emission Standards (RCRA) 5-30
BioRemediation ... 5-8,20,22,25
Chemical Emergency Planning 5-4,45
Clean Air Act - Community Right-to-know 5-7,47,48
Community Right-to-know 5-4,45
Compliance Inspections 5-4,5,6,9,37,51
Consulting Services - Hazardous Waste 5-8
Corrective Action (HSWA) 5-5,6,28,30,38,
39,42,51
Enforcement - Hazardous Waste 5-50
Hazardous Waste Research 5-8,10
Incineration 5,8,18,19
Innovative/Alternatives Technologies 5-20,21
Land Disposal Regulation 5-5,6,18,28
Listing/Delisting 5-5,6,28,30
Medical Waste 5-29,30,52
Municipal Solid Waste Research 5-19,20
Municipal Waste Incineration 5-19
Oil Spill Research 5-24,25
Permitting - Hazardous Waste . 5-5,7,9,37,38,42,43
Policy and Guidance - Hazardous Waste 5-6,28
Pollution Prevention (RCRA) 5-5,7,15,21,28,37,38,
51,
POTW Requirements - Hazardous Waste 5-32
Quality Assurance - Hazardous Waste 5-23
RCRIS 5-38,43
Regulations Development - Hazardous Waste . 5-4,6,16,17,28
Reports to Congress - Hazardous Waste 5-9
Solid Waste (RCRA) 5-4,5,7,19,29,30,43
10
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Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
State Authorizations 5-5,9,37,38,39,42
State Grants - Hazardous Waste 5-36
Subtitle D Criteria 5-5,7,29,30,43
Title III - Hazardous Waste 5-45
Underground Storage Tanks - Regulations and Guidelines 5-33
Underground Storage Tanks Grants 5-39
Wood Preserving 5-5,30
PESTICIDES
Biotechnology 6-8,19,24
Certification and Training 6-32
Consulting Services - Pesticides 6-5,8
Data Call-In 6-25
Disposal 6-6,27,29
Emergency Exemptions 6-24,25
Endangered Species 6-6,25,32
Experimental Use Permit 6-5,24,25
FIFRA '88 . . . 6-5,6,28,37
Food Safety 6-6,23,25,27
Ground Water - Pesticides 6-5,6,17,25,29,32,
37,38
Human Exposure Research 6-18
National Survey of Pesticides in Drinking Water .... 6-30
Nebraska and Colorado Enforcement Program 6-7
Neurotoxicology Research 6-15
Pesticide Program Implementation 6-6,32
Reregistration 6-6,38.
Registration Fees 6-6
Reproduction Toxicology Research 6-8
Risk Assessment - Pesticides 6-8,20
Special Review (RPAR) . 6-28,29
State Grants - Pesticides 6-34
Tolerances 6-24,25
Farm Workers Exposed to Pesticides 6-5,6,25,29,32,37,38
RADIATION ;
Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) ... 7-11,14
Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring Sys.(ERAMS) 7-28
Fees-Radon 7-6,25
Nevada Nuclear Test Site . 7-12
Radioactive Waste Standards 7-16
Radiological Emergency Response Plans. . ... 7-16
Radionuclide NESHAPS . 7-16,20,28
Radon Action Program 7-24,25
Radon Mitigation Research 7-13
Radon State Grants 7-24,29
11
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Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
MULTIMEDIA
Academic Training Grants 8-46
Agencywide Technology Transfer Staff 8-4
Capital Investments 8-34,35
Case Referrals 8-58,60,64
Center for Environmental Research 8-21
Core Research - Ecological Risk 8-16
Core Research - Grants and Centers 8-21
Core Research - Health Risk 8-17,19
Core Research - Risk Reduction 8-16,17,19
Criminal Investigations 8-60
Ecological Trends 8-15
Enforcement Policy and Operations 8-55
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) 8-15
Environmental Review and Coordination 8-37
Exploratory Research 8-21
Federal Facility Compliance 8-66
Health Effects 8-17,18,19
Human Exposure Research 8-17
Indians Programs 8-37,38,39,40
Lead Abatement 8-23
Legal Enforcement 8-53,55
Litigation 8-56,58
Multimedia Training Grants 8-24,45
National Enforcement Investigation Center (NEIC) ... 8-64
National Enforcement Training Institute (NETI) . . . . 8-55,64,65
National Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey (NHANES III) 8-17
NEPA Compliance Program 8-4,37,38,39
Office of Cooperation Environmental Management .... 8-42
Office of Enforcement 8-37,38,53,55,60,
64,66
Operating Expense - Field and Lab 8-34
Operating Expense - Headquarters 8-32
Pollution Prevention Activities 8-20
Pollution Prosecution Act 8-55,60,64
Quality Assurance and Monitoring System 8-28
Reducing Uncertainties in Risk Assessment (RURA) ... 8-16
Regional Analytic Methods 8-28
Regulatory Support 8-26,38,61
Small Business Innovation Research 8-22
Southwest Environmental Research Center 8-22
Technology Transfer 8-14,23
Visiting Scientists Program 8-22
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Adipose Tissue Survey ... 9-33
Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) . . . . 9-4,36,45
12
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Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
Asbestos in Public Buildings 9-36
Asbestos-in-Schools Loans and Grants 9-27,46
Asbestos Research 9-25
Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA) 9-4,27,36
Asbestos Accreditation Programs . . 9-37
Biotechnology 9-21,35,36
Biotechnology Research 9-21,22
Ecological Risk Assessment 9-22
Enforcement - Toxic Substances 9-6,45
EPCRA (Emergency Planning & Community Right
to Know Act) -Enforcement ..... 9-5,24,41,50
EPCRA - Research Support 9-24
EPCRA - Toxic Release Inventory 9-5,33,38,41
Existing Chemical Review 9-4,31
New Chemical Follow-up 9-35
Exposure Monitoring Research 9-19
Interagency Testing Committee (ITC) 9-30
Lab/Data Integrity 9-45
Lead - Based Paint Abatement 9-33
Neurotoxicology Research 9-16
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBS) 9-38,45
Premanufacture Notice Fees . . . ; 9-35
Regional Toxics Program 9-38
Risk Assessment - Toxic Substances 9-16,17
SARA Section 110 Toxicological Profiles ........ 9-31
Significant New Use Rule (SNUR) 9-34
Test Guidelines 9-30,31
Test Rules 9-30,46
ENERGY
Acid Deposition 10-1
Limestone Injection Multistage Burner (LIMB) 10-1
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency-wide Strategic Plan 11-49
Buildings and Facilities 12-1
Environmental Education 11-20,27
Environmental Statistics Project 11-49
NEPA Compliance 8-37
Office of Inspector General 11-29,30
Indian Program 8-37,38,39
International Activities 11-36,37
Office of Administration and Resources Management . .. . 11-52.
Office of Federal Activities 11-40
Office of General Counsel 11-33,34
Pollution Prevention/Strategic Planning
Environmental Data - OPPE 11-50
13
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Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
Pollution Prevention - OPPE 11-50
Regional Management 11-65,70
Regulatory Clusters . . 11-47,74
Support Costs 11-74
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
Pretreatment 13-8
Administration's Phaseout - Constructants 13-4
Mexican Border/NAFTA 13-4,6
Six Coastal Cities 13-5,6
Set-Asides - Construction Grants ..... 13-4,8
State Revolving Funds - Construction Grants 13-4,6
Tijuana International Treatment Plant 13-6
Water Quality Cooperative Agreements (104 b) 13-5,8
SUPERFUND
Alternative Technologies 14-16,17,22,23
Biomediation 14-12,14,16,17,22
Consulting Services'- Superfund 14-7
Cost Recovery - Superfund 14-47,53,55,56,60,
62,71,72,
Criminal Investigations - Superfund 14-60
Enforcement - Superfund 14-53,56,60,62,63
Environmental Response Team 14-28
Exploratory Research 14-22
Federal Facility Enforcement 14-63
Health Research - Superfund 14-17,19,20,21
Interagency - Superfund 14-43
Management - Superfund 14-66,86
Minority Research Program 14-24
Site Assessment 14-30
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study 14-26
Remedial Design/Remedial Actions 14-27
Remedial Support 14-33
Removal Program 14-28
Response Management 14-31
Removal Support 14-35
Risk Assessments 14-15,16
Office of Inspector General Superfund 14-79
Research and Development - Superfund 14-10,14
SITE Program 14,22,23,31
SBIR 14-21
University Research Centers . 14-24
14
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Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK
Consulting Services - LUST 15-5
Cooperative Agreements - LUST 15-4,11
Enforcement - LUST 15-13
Guidelines - LUST 15-10
Management - LUST 15-15
Technical Support - LUST 15-6,8
USER FEES
Toxics Pre-Manufacture Notices 17-1
Radon Training and Certification 17-1
Motor Vehicle Testing 17-1,2
NPDES Permits 17-2
Pesticides Registration Fee 17-2
Hazardous Waste User Fee 17-2
15
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Alphabetic Subject Index
Academic Training Grants 8-46
Acid Deposition 2-18;10-1
Acid Rain 2-6,80
Adipose Tissue Survey 9-33
Administration's Phaseout - Constructants 13-4
ADVACATE 2-21,39
Agency-wide Strategic Plan 11-49
Agencywide Technology Transfer Staff .... 8-4
Air Quality Monitoring 2-4,41,73,75
Air Emission Standards (RCRA) 5-30
Air Toxics 2-5,45,54,63,73
Alaska Oil Spill 3-46
Allowances, Sulphurdioxide 2-80,83
Alternative Fuel 2-25,59
Alternative Technologies 14-16,17,22,23
American Water Works Association . . . 4-32
Asbestos Accreditation Programs 9-37
Asbestos Research 9-25
Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA) 9-4,27,36
Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) . . . . 9-4,36,45
Asbestos in Public Buildings 9-36
Asbestos-in-Schools Loans and Grants 9-27,46
B
Bioassessment 3-59
Biomediation 14-12,14,16,17,22
BioRemediation 5-8,20,22,25
Biotechnology 6-8,19,24
Biotechnology 9-21,35,36
Biotechnology Research 9-21,22
Buildings and Facilities 12-1
C
Capital Investments 8-34,35
Carbon Monoxide (CO) , 2-4,20,76,92
Case Referrals 8-58,60,64
Center for Environmental Research 8-21
Certification and Training 6-32
Chemical Emergency Planning 5-4,45
16
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Alphabetic Subject Index
Chesapeake Bay Toxics Reduction Strategy 3-30
Chesapeake Bay Program 3-6,16,17,20,28
Class V Wells 4-30,36
Clean Air Act - Community Right-to-know 5-7,47,48
Clean Fuels 2-5,53,97
Clean Lakes 3-35
Clean Vehicles 2-5,53,97
Coastal Environment Management 3-30,58
Community Right-to-know 5-4,45
Compliance Inspections 5-4,5,6,9,37,51
Compliance Monitoring Inspections 2-91
Construction Grants Management 3-64
Consulting Services - Air 2-9
Consulting Services - Water Quality 3-8
Consulting Services - Hazardous Waste . 5-8
Consulting Services - Pesticides 6-5,8
Consulting Services - Superfund 14-7
Consulting Services - LUST 15-5
Control Technology Guideline (CTG) 2-46
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106) . 3-36
Cooperative Agreements - LUST 15-4,11
Core Research - Grants and Centers 8-21
Core Research - Ecological Risk 8-16
Core Research - Risk Reduction 8-16,17,19
Core Research - Health Risk 8-17,19
Corps of Engineers 3-48,64
Corrective Action (HSWA) 5-5,6,28,30,38,
Cost Recovery - Superfund 14-47,53,55,56,60,
62,71,72
Criminal Investigations 8-60
Criminal Investigations - Superfund 14-60
D
Data Call-In 6-25
Disposal 6-6,27,29
Drinking Water Implementation 4-4,35,43
E
Ecological Trends 8-15
Ecological Risk Assessment 9-22
Effluent Guidelines 3-32
Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) . 7-11,14
Emergency Exemptions 6-24,25
Emergency Response - Water Quality 3-49
Endangered Species 6-6,25,32
Energy Conservation 2-87
17
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Alphabetic Subject Index
Enforcement Policy and Operations 8-55
Enforcement - Air 2-7,91
Enforcement - Water Quality 3-11,68
Enforcement - Superfund 14-53,56,60,62,63
Enforcement - Toxic Substances 9-6,45
Enforcement 4-42
Enforcement - LUST 15-13
Enforcement - Hazardous Waste 5-50
Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring Sys.(ERAMS) 7-28
Environmental Statistics Project 11-49
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) 8-15
Environmental Education 11-20,27
Environmental Response Team 14-28
Environmental Review and Coordination 8-37
EPCRA - Research Support 9-24
EPCRA - Toxic Release Inventory 9-5,33,38,41
EPCRA (Emergency Planning & Community Right
to Know Act) -Enforcement 9-5,24,41,50
Epidemiology (Coliform, etc.) 4-20,24,26,27,35
Existing Chemical Review 9-4,31
Experimental Use Permit 6-5,24,25
Exploratory Research ..... 8-21
Exploratory Research 14-22
Exposure Monitoring Research 9-19
F
Farm Workers Exposed to Pesticides 6-5,6,25,29,32,37,38
Federal Facility Compliance 8-66
Federal Facility Enforcement 14-63
Fees - Air 2-6,59
Fees-Radon 7-6,25
FIFRA '88 6-5,6,28,37
FIFRA '88 Reregistration 4-23,39,40
Food Safety 6-6,23,25,27
Fuel Economy 2-58,60
G
Global Climate Change 2-7,31,34,36,87
Great Lakes Research 3-16,20,21
Great Lakes Program 3-5,7,16,21,26,27,52,
58
Green Lights Program 2-87
Ground Water - Pesticides 6-5,6,17,25,29,32,
37,38
Ground-Water Activities 4-3,7,28,36
Ground-Water Task Force Report 4-38
18
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Alphabetic Subject Index
Guidelines - LUST 15-10
Gulf of Mexico Initiative 3-6,7,16,20,58,60
H
Hazardous Waste User Fee 17-2
Hazardous Waste Research 5-8,10
Health Effects Institute - Air 2-29
Health Research - Superfund 14-17,19,20,21
Health Effects - Drinking Water 4-12,22
Health Advisories 4-15
Health Effects 8-17,18,19
Human Exposure Research 6-18
Human Exposure Research 8-17
I
In-use Emission Factors 2-57
Incineration 5,8,18,19
Indian Tribes - Water Quality 3-36,37,52,65
Indian Program 8-37,38,39
Indian Tribes -Drinking Water 4-20,27,36
Indians Programs 8-37,38,39,40
Indoor Air 2-8,27,84
Innovative/Alternatives Technologies 5-20,21
Inspection and Maintenance Program - Air 2-5,7,53,55
Interagency Testing Committee (ITC) 9-30
Interagency - Superfund 14-43
International Activities 11-36,37
International Pollution Control Agreements ...... 3-49
L
Lab/Data Integrity 9-45
Land Disposal Regulation 5-5,6,18,28
Lead - Based Paint Abatement . 9-33
Lead Abatement 8-23
Legal Enforcement 8-53,55
Limestone Injection Multistage Burner (LIMB) 10-1
Listing/Delisting 5-5,6,28,30
Litigation 8-56,58
M
Management - Superfund 14-66,86
Management - LUST 15-15
19
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Alphabetic Subject Index
Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) 2-6,45,76
Medical Waste 5-29,30,52
Methane Emissions 2-87
Mexican Border 3-65
Mexican Border/NAFTA 13-4,6
Minority Research Program 14-24
Mobile Source Pollutants 2-5,25,97
Mobile Source Enforcement 2-7,97
Modeling Air Quality 2-75,77
Montreal Protocol 2-7,35,87
Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory 2-8,57
Motor Vehicle Testing 17-1,2
Multimedia Training Grants 8-24,45
Municipal Waste Incineration 5-19
Municipal Solid Waste Research 5-19,20
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) .... 2-4,18,48,77
National Enforcement Investigation Center (NEIC) ... 8-64
National Enforcement Training Institute (NETI) .... 8-55,64,65
National Environmental Training Centers 4-32
Natl. Emission Standards - Haz. Air Poll. (NESHAPs) . . 2-48,91
National Estuary Program 3-7,61
National Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey (NHANES III) 8-17
National Pesticides Survey 4-24
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations 4-27,31,44
National Rural Water Association 4-31,40
National Survey of Pesticides in Drinking Water .... 6-30
Near Coastal Waters 3-59
Nebraska and Colorado Enforcement Program 6-7
NEPA Compliance 8-37
NEPA Compliance Program 8-4,37,38,39
Neurotoxicology Research 9-16
Neurotoxicology Research 6-15
Nevada Nuclear Test Site 7-12
New Facilities 12-7
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) 2-20,48,92
New Chemical Follow-up 9-35
New York Bight 3-48
Nonpoint Sources 3-6,25,43,47,56,59,64
NPDES Permits 3-10,18,19,23,30,43,
47,68,72;17-2
0
Ocean Dumping Fund 3-4,47,48
Office of Administration and Resources Management . . . 11-52
Office of Federal Activities 11-40
20
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Alphabetic Subject Index
Office of General Counsel 11-33,34
Office of Inspector General 11-29,30
Office of Inspector General Superfund 14-79
Office of Enforcement 8-37,38,53,55,60,
64,66
Office of Cooperation Environmental Management .... 8-42
Oil Spill Research 5-24,25
Oil Pollution Act 3-49
Operating Expense - Field and Lab 8-34
Operating Expense - Headquarters 8-32
Operator Training - Water Quality 3-65
Ozone 2-4,18,54,91
P
Particulate Matter (PM-10) 2-4,62,69,73,91
Permitting - Hazardous Waste 5-5,7,9,37,38,42,43
Pesticide Program Implementation 6-6,32
Pesticides Registration Fee 17-2
Policy and Guidance - Hazardous Waste 5-6,28
Pollution Prevention (RCRA) 5-5,7,15,21,28,37,38,.
51,
Pollution Prevention - OPPE 11-50
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBS) 9-38,45
POTW Requirements - Hazardous Waste 5-32
Premanufacture Notice Fees 9-35
Pretreatment 13-8
Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) 2-71 •
Public Water Systems Supervision 4-24,27,35
Q
Quality Assurance - Hazardous Waste 5-23
Quality Assurance and Monitoring System 8-28
R
Radioactive Waste Standards 7-16
Radiological Emergency Response Plans . 7-16
Radionuclide NESHAPS 7-16,20,28
Radon State Grants 7-24,29
Radon Training and Certification 17-1
Radon Action Program . 7-24,25
Radon Mitigation Research 7-13
RCRIS 5-38,43
Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT) .... 2-68
Reducing Uncertainties in Risk Assessment (RURA) ... 8-16
Regional Toxics Program 9-38
21
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Alphabetic Subject Index
Regional Analytic Methods 8-28
Regional Management 11-65,70
Registration Fees 6-6
Regulations Development - Hazardous Waste 5-4,6,16,17,28
Regulatory Support 8-26,38,61
Regulatory Clusters 11-47,74
Regulatory Impact Analysis 2-48
Remedial Design/Remedial Actions 14-27
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study 14-26
Remedial Support 14-33
Removal Support 14-35
Removal Program 14-28
Repairs and Improvements 12-7
Reports to Congress - Hazardous Waste 5-9
Reproduction Toxicology Research 6-8
Reregistration 6-6,38
Research and Development - Superfund 14-10,14
Response Management 14-31
Risk Assessment - Toxic Substances 9-16,17
Risk Assessments 14-15,16
Risk Assessment - Pesticides 6-8,20
Rural Community Assistance Programs 4-31
S
SARA Section 110 Toxicological Profiles 9-31
SBIR 14-21
Set-Asides - Construction Grants 13-4,8
Significant New Use Rule (SNUR) 9-34
Site Assessment 14-30
SITE Program 14-22,23,31
Six Coastal Cities 13-5,6
Sludge Management 3-53,66
Small Business Innovation Research 8-22
Solid Waste (RCRA) 5-4,5,7,19,29,30,43
Southern Oxidants Study 2-21
Southwest Environmental Research Center 8-22
Special Studies and Demonstrations 4-31
Special Review (RPAR) 6-28,29
State Grants - Water Quality 3-25,43
State Grants - Hazardous Waste 5-36
State Grants - Pesticides 6-34
State Grants - Air 2-62
State Revolving Funds 3-64
State Implementation Plans (SIPs) 2-4,5,48,70,73
State Revolving Funds - Construction Grants 13-4,6
State Authorizations 5-5,9,37,38,39,42
State Operating Permits 2-48,63,69
State Grants - Drinking Water 4-26,28,31
Stationary Source Enforcement 2-7,91
22
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Alphabetic Subject Index
Stratospheric Ozone 2-7,87,91
Subtitle D Criteria 5-5,7,29,30,43
Support Costs 11-74
I
Tampering and Fuel Switching 2-7,97
Technical Support - LUST 15-6,8
Technology Transfer 8-14,23
Test Rules 9-30,46
Test Guidelines 9-30,31
Tijuana International Treatment Plant 13-6
Title III - Hazardous Waste 5-45
Tolerances 6-24,25
Toxic Pollutant Controls 3-53,59
Toxics Pre-Manufacture Notices 17-1
U
Underground Storage. Tanks - Regulations and Guidelines 5-33
Underground Storage Tanks Grants ........... 5-39
Underground Injection Control ............. 4-16,22,28,36,44
University Research Centers .............. 14-24
V
Visiting Scientists Program .............. 8-22
Wastewater Treatment Compliance ............ 3-64
Water Quality Cooperative Agreements (104 b) ..... 13-5,8
Water Quality Permit Issuance ............. 3-53
Water Quality Research ................ 3-16
Wellhead Protection .................. 4-15,30,36,39
Wetlands (Section 404) . . . ............. 3-6,17,41,42,45,52,59
Wood Preserving .................... 5-5,30
23
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
SUBJECT INDEX
SUMMARY
AIR 2-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Air Research 2-12
Air Quality Research 2-13
Global Change Research 2-33
Acid Deposition Research 2-39
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Air Quality and Stationary Source Planning and Standards 2-44
Emission Standards and Technology Assessment 2-45
State Program Guidelines and Air Standards Development .... 2-48
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control and Fuel Economy 2-51
Mobile Source Program Implementation 2-53
Emission Standards, Technical Assessment and Characterization . 2-54
Testing, Technical and Administrative Support 2-56
Emissions and Fuel Economy Compliance 2-58
State Programs Resource Assistance . 2-61
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 105 Grants) . 2-62
Air Quality Management Implementation 2-67
Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment ; 2-72
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 2-73
Air Quality and Emissions Data Management and Analysis .... 2-75
Atmospheric and Indoor Air Programs 2-79
Acid Rain Program 2-80
Indoor Air Program 2-84
Global Change Program 2-87
ENFORCEMENT
Stationary Source Enforcement 2-90
Mobile Source Enforcement 2-96
WATER QUALITY 3-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Water Quality Research 3-12
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Water Quality and Grants Program Management 3-24
Water Quality Management 3-25
Great Lakes Program 3-26
Chesapeake Bay Program 3-28
Engineering & Analysis 3-32
Engineering and Analysis 3-32
Grants Assistance Programs 3-34
Clean Lakes Program 3-35
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106) 3-36
Water Quality Strategies Implementation 3-39
Wetlands Protection 3-41
Nonpoint Source Management Grants . 3-43
-------
Table of Contents
(Continued)
Page
Wetlands Implementation Program 3-45
Oil Spills Program 3-46
Nonpoint Source Implementation 3-47
Ocean Disposal Permits 3-47
Environmental Emergency Response and Prevention 3-49
Water Quality Criteria & Standards & Applications 3-52
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis 3-55
Assessment and Watershed Protection 3-56
Coastal Environment Management 3-58
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis 3-61
Municipal Pollution Control 3-63
Municipal Pollution Control 3-64
ENFORCEMENT
Water Quality Enforcement 3-67
Water Quality Permit Issuance ... 3-71
*.
DRINKING WATER 4-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Drinking Water Research 4-8
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 4-18
Drinking Water Implementation 4-19
Drinking Water Criteria 4-22
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance 4-25
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants 4-26
Underground Injection Control Program Grants 4-28
Special Studies and Demonstrations 4-31
Drinking Water Management 4-34
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Assistance 4-35
Underground Injection Control Program 4-36
Ground-Water Protection 4-37
ENFORCEMENT
Drinking Water Enforcement 4-42
HAZARDOUS WASTE 5-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Waste Research 5-10
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines and Policies 5-26
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Hazardous Waste .... 5-28
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Air and Radiation ... 5-30
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Water 5-31
Regulations, Guidelines & Policies - Underground Storage Tanks 5-33
Financial Assistance 5-36
Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance to States ... 5-37
Underground Storage Tanks State Grants 5-39
Hazardous Waste Management Strategies Implementation 5-41
Emergency Planning/Community Right-to-know - Title III 5-45
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Waste Enforcement 5-50
-------
Table of Contents
(Continued)
Pag€
PESTICIDES 6-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Pesticides Research 6-11
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Registration, Special Registration and Tolerances 6-22
Generic Chemical Review 6-26
Pesticides Program Implementation 6-31
Pesticides Program Implementation 6-32
Pesticides Program Implementation Grants 6-33
ENFORCEMENT
Pesticides Enforcement 6-36
Pesticides Enforcement 6-37
Pesticides Enforcement Grants .... 6-39
RADIATION * 7-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Radiation Research 7-9
Radiation Research 7-9
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Radiation Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 7-15
Radiation Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 7-16
Radiation Program Implementation 7-19
Radiation Program Implementation ... 7-20
Radon Action Program Implementation 7-22
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment 7-24
Radon Action Program 7-25
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment. 7-28
Radon Targeted State Assistance 7-29
MULTIMEDIA 8-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Multimedia Research 8-7
Headquarters Expenses 8-32
Lab & Field Expenses 8-34
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Environmental Review and Coordination 8-37
Office of Cooperative Environmental Management 8-42
Academic Training Grants 8-45
Pollution Prevention Activities 8-47
Office of Pollution Prevention 8-48
Pollution Prevention State Grants 8-49
Pollution Prevention Projects 8-50
ENFORCEMENT
Enforcement Policy and Technical Support 8-53
Enforcement Policy and Operations 8-55
Criminal Enforcement Program 8-60
Technical Support 8-64
Federal Facilities Enforcement 8-66
-------
Table of Contents
(Continued)
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Toxics Substances Research 9-10
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Toxic Substances Financial Assistance 9-26
Asbestos-in-Schools Loans and Grants 9-27
Toxic Substances Strategies 9-28
Chemical Testing 9-30
Existing Chemical Review 9-31
New Chemical Review 9-34
Asbestos-in-Buildings 9-36
Regional Toxics Program 9-38
OPTS Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know ....... 9-40
ENFORCEMENT
Toxic Substances Enforcement 9-44
Toxic Substances Enforcement 9-45
Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants 9-47
OPTS Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Enforcement . 9-49
ENERGY 10-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Energy Research 10-1
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT 11-1
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management / 11-7
Program Management - Air and Radiation 11-9
Program Management - Water 11-9
Program Management - Enforcement 11-11
Program Management - Pesticides and Toxic Substances 11-12
Program Management - General Counsel 11-13
Program Management - Research and Development 11-13
Program Management - Solid Waste and Emergency Response .... 11-14
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices 11-15
Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization .... 11-18
Office of Congressional and Legislative Affairs 11-19
Office of Communications Education, and Public Affairs .... 11-20
Office of Executive Support 11-21
Office of Regional Operations and State/Local Relations .... 11-22
Immediate Office of the Administrator 11-23
Administrator's Representation Fund 11-20
Office of Civil Rights 11-24
Science Advisory Board 11-26
Office of Administrative Law Judges 11-26
Risk Assessment and Management Commission 11-27
National Education and Training Foundation 11-27
Office of Inspector General 11-29
Office of Inspector General 11-30
Office of General Counsel 11-33
Office of General Counsel 11-34
Office of International Activities 11-36
-------
Table of Contents
(Continued)
Office of International Activities 11-37
Office of Federal Activities 11-39
Office of Federal Activities 11-40
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation 11-42
Program Management - Policy, Planning and Evaluation 11-43
Office of Policy Analysis 11-45
Office of Regulatory Management and Evaluation 11-47
Renamed: Office of Strategic Planning & Environmental Data . . 11-49
Office of Pollution Prevention 11-50
Office of Administration and Resources Management 11-52
Program Management-Administration and Resources Management . . 11-55
Financial Management - Headquarters 11-56
Office of the Comptroller 11-57
Contracts and Grants Management - Headquarters ........ 11-58
Organization and Health Services 11-59
Facilities and Management Services 11-60
Information Systems and Services 11-61
Human Resources Management 11-63
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management 11-65
Resource Management - Regions 11-67
Financial Management - Regions 11-67
Human Resources Management - Regions 11-68
Contracts and Grants Management - Regions 11-69
Administrative Management - Regions 11-70
Regional Management 11-70
Regional Counsel 11-71
Planning, Evaluation and Analysis - Regions 11-72
SUPPORT COSTS
Support Costs 11-74
Professional Training 11-76
Nationwide Support Services 11-77
Headquarters Support Services 11-78
Regional Support Services 11-79
Automated Data Processing Support 11-80
Lab Support - Research and Development 11-81
Lab Support - Air and Radiation 11-81
Lab Support - Pesticides and Toxic Substances 11-82
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES 12-1
Buildings and Facilities 12-4
New Facilities 12-7
Repairs and Improvements 12-7
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS 13-1
Construction Grants and State Revolving Funds 13-6
Water Quality Management Cooperative Agreements 13-8
SUPERFUND 14-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Substance Research 14-10
-------
Table of Contents
(Continued)
Page
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE
Hazardous Substance Response 14-25
Hazardous Spill and Site Response 14-25
Hazardous Substance Response - Support 14-37
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Water 14-38
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Air and Radiation . . 14-41
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency 14-43
Department of Health and Human Services 14-45
Department of Justice 14-47
United States Coast Guard 14-48
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 14-49
Department of the Interior 14-50
Federal Emergency Management Agency 14-51
Occupational Safety and Health Administration 14-52
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement 14-53
Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement 14-53
Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement 14-56
Hazardous Substance Criminal Enforcement Programs 14-60
Hazardous Substance Technical Support 14-62
Hazardous Substance Federal Facilities Enforcement 14-63
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Hazardous Substance Management and Support 14-66
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Headquarters .... 14-71
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Regions ...... 14-72
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters . 14-73
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Regions .... 14-74
Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants
Management - Headquarters 14-74
Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants
Management - Regions 14-75
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Headquarters/Nationwide 14-76
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Regions 14-77
Hazardous Substance Automated Data Processing Support 14-77
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Headquarters 14-78
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Regions 14-79
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Inspector General 14-79
Hazardous Substance - Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation 14-81
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Comptroller 14-84
Hazardous Substance - Executive Offices 14-84
Hazardous Substance - Office of Research and Development . . . 14-86
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS 15-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
LUST Research 15-6
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
LUST Guidelines and Implementation 15-10
ENFORCEMENT
LUST Legal Enforcement 15-13
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Management and Support 15-15
Policy and Analysis - Office of Policy, Planning
and Evaluation 15-17
-------
Table of Contents
(Continued)
Page
Administrative Management - Headquarters 15-17
Administrative Management - Regions 15-18
Legal Services - Office of General Counsel 15-18
LUST - Office of the Inspector General 15-19
SPECIAL ANALYSES
EPA ORGANIZATIONAL CHART 16-1
EPA REGIONAL OFFICES - LOCATIONS 16-2
SUMMARY OF RESOURCES - BY APPROPRIATION 16-3
SUMMARY OF RESOURCES - BY MEDIA 16-6
OBJECT CLASSIFICATION - BY APPROPRIATION 16-9
PERMANENT POSITIONS BY GRADE - BY APPROPRIATION 16-13
AVERAGE GRADE AND SALARY 16-20
SUMMARY OF STATE GRANT RESOURCES 16-21
AGENCY USER FEES 17-1
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1. SUMMARY
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
SUMMARY ' 1-1
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Justification of Appropriations Estimates for the Committee on Appropriations
FISCAL YEAR 1993
BUDGET SUMMARY .
The President's 1993 Budget request for the Environmental Protection Agency
totals $7,008,222,000 supported by 17,917 workyears. These resources include
$2,698,222,000 and 13,910 workyears for the Agency's environmental operating
programs; $45,358,000 and 461 workyears for the Inspector General's activities;
$1,750,000,000 and 3,604 workyears for the Superfund program; $75,000,000 and 95
workyears for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) program; $2,500,000,000 for
the Construction Grants program; and -$15,000,000 for Pesticide Registration Fees.
When compared with the Agency Total current estimate, the President's request
represents an overall increase of $339,369,000 and 295 total workyears. The
following chart provides a summary of budget authority for EPA's eight
appropriations:
Budget Authority
(dollars in thousands)
Salaries &
Expenses....
Office of the
Inspt. General..
Research &
Development. . .
Abatement,
Control & Compl.
Buildings &
Facilities...
Oil Spill Response.
OPERATING
PROGRAMS
SUBTOTAL...
Hazardous Sub.
Superfund....
LUST Trust
Funds...
Construction
Grants....
1992
Enacted
$1,040,500.0
$41,200.0
$323,000.0
$1,133,625.0
$39,300.0
—
$2,577,625.0
1992
Current
Estimate
$1,040,500.0
$41,200.0
$323,000.0
$1,133,625.0
$39,300.0
—
$2,577,625,0
1993 Increase/
President Decrease -
Request 1992 vs. 1993
$1,157,063.9
$45,358.0
$338,500.0
$1,091,860.2
$42,100.0
$23,339.9
$2,698,222.0
$116,563.9
$4,158.0
$15,500.0
-$41,764.8
$2,800.0
$23,399.9
$120,597.0
$1,616,228.0
$75,000.0
$2,400,000.0
$1,616,228.0
75,000.0
$2,400,000.0
IUBTOTAL.
$6,668,853.0 $6,668,853.0
'esticide
Receipts Requiring
Appropriation Action
$1,750,000.0
$75,000.0
$2,500,000.0
$7,023,222.0
-$15,000.0
$133,772.0
$0.0
$100,000.0
$354,369.0
-$15,000.0
GENCY
TOTAL (Net)..
$6,668,853.0
$6,668,853.0
1-1
$7,008,222.0 $339,369.0
-------
APPROPRIATIONS HIGHLIGHTS
The 1993 President's Budget Request for the Environmental Protection Agency
demonstrates the President's commitment to implementirig arid enforcing the national
environmental laws. The Agency's budget emphasizes stronger ecological protection
by targeting resources to local ecosystems, specific regional geographic areas, the
country's coastal ecosystems, and the global climate. Resources will be directed at
strengthening the Agency's scientific knowledge base and analytic capabilities in
support of sound policy and management integrity.
In 1993, the Agency will also take several steps to strengthen its efforts
toward food safety, and the commitment to the reduction of lead exposure in the
environment. Resources are also included for environmental literacy to promote a
continued effective dialogue on national environmental issues. The Agency's
Superfund program will continue implementation of the Superfund Management Review,
and will focus resources to oversee the cleanup at Federal facility sites. The
Agency's Construction Grants program will continue the Administration's strong
support for capitalization of State Revolving Funds. Also, the Agency will increase
its effort to prevent and minimize accidental oil spills under a new appropriation,
Oil Spill Response.
The following briefly describes the 1993 request, the purpose, and the major
changes from the Agency's 1992 estimates for each of EPA's nine appropriations.
SALARIES AND EXPENSES
The Agency's 1993 request of $1,157,064,000 represents an increase of
$116,563,900 (11.2%) over the 1992 current estimate for Salaries and Expenses. This
appropriation finances all staff costs associated with administering the
environmental operating programs within the Agency's Regional and Headquarters
operations. The increase in resources will enable the Agency to continue expanding
the Administration's commitment to protecting human health and the environment.
These resources incorporate all costs exclusive of grant programs and program-
specific contractual agreements.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
For 1993, EPA is requesting $338,500,000 for the Research and Development
appropriation, an increase of $15,500,000 (4.8%) over the 1992 current estimate.
This appropriation finances research contracts, grants and agreements with
universities and private industry, as well as in-house activities, to produce the
scientific knowledge and technologies necessary for regulating, preventing and
abating pollution. Increases are provided in 1993 for air research in conjunction
with the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments and the U.S. Global Climate Change Research
Program; for water quality research for the Great Lakes and Wetlands initiatives; for
enhancements to risk-based media research to strengthen the Agency's research
program; and for the support of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program
(EMAP). .
ABATEMENT. CONTROL AND COMPLIANCE . .
The Agency is requesting $1,091,860,000 for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, a decrease of $41,764,800 (4.0%) below the 1992 current
estimate. This appropriation finances contracts, grants, and cooperative agreements
1-2
-------
for pollution abatement, control and compliance activities. The 1993 request
^ncludes resources to implement the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, continue the
j^etlands grant program, support ground water protection programs, and provide'
technical assistance and outreach to States and localities. Specific investments
include pollution prevention, the Great Lakes multimedia strategy, and other
strategic investments that will result in significant environmental returns.
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
The Agency is requesting $42,100,000 for the Buildings and Facilities
appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,800,000 (6.8%) above the 1992
current estimate. This appropriation finances the construction of new facilities and
the repair, improvement, alteration, and purchase of fixed equipment for facilities
which the Agency currently leases or which are Federally owned. The requested level
will permit the Agency to continue to ensure healthy and safe working conditions.
OIL SPILL RESPONSE
The 1993 Budget request provides $23,339,900 for the Oil Spill Response
appropriation. In 1993, this is a new appropriation. Prior to 1993, funding for Oil
Spill Response was taken from the Salaries and Expenses; Abatement, Control and
Compliance; and the Research and Development Appropriations. This appropriation will
support requirements mandated by the Oil Pollution Act of 1990. In 1993, the Agency
will increase its effort to prevent and minimize environmental damage due to
accidental release of oil into the Nation's waters. The Agency will continue its
spill prevention enforcement activities begun in 1992 and implement new enforcement
authorities.
PIzARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPERFUND
This appropriation finances responses at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites and
emergency releases of hazardous substances. The President's 1993 Budget request of
$1,750,000,000 for Superfund represents an increase of $133,772,000 (8.2%) over the
1992 current estimate. This increase represents a strong and continued commitment
on the part of the Agency to meet its responsibilities to protect human health and
the environment.
In 1993, the Agency will continue to emphasize Federally-funded clean-up and
potentially responsible party (PRP) accountability to pay for clean-ups. Increased
emphasis will be placed on identifying PRPs for de minimis settlements, compliance
monitoring, and taking enforcement actions against non-complying PRPs. The Agency
will concentrate resources on the completion of clean-ups, financed by both the Trust
Fund and PRPs, as more sites move to the construction stage. Increases in Superfund
Enforcement will support continued integration of PRP identification early in the
site cleanup process and a higher number of ongoing court actions. The Department
of Justice will receive $32.3 million to ensure adequate support for the steadily
increasing Superfund caseload.
The Agency will continue to support military base closure activities and the
oversight of increased clean-ups at Federal Facilities. The Agency will continue to
focus on managing "classical" emergencies or time critical responses where there is
no PRP and no state or local response alternative. Increased emphasis will also be
on Superfund research, particularly in regards to biomediation, groundwater
camination, and new technology.
1-3
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LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (LUST)
The Agency is requesting $75,000,000 -in 1993, an amount equal to the 1992'
current estimate. This appropriation supports an effective response program for the
prevention and remediation of releases from leaking .underground storage tanks
containing petroleum and other hazardous materials. For 1993, the Agency continues
to support state and territory efforts to develop and implement comprehensive LUST
programs by providing Federal'assistance through cooperative agreements. Within the
LUST national program, EPA will maintain efforts to improve site responses and
enforcement. In 1993, the Agency will be emphasizing work on streamlining state
procedures for site closures, site assessments and cleanup plan reviews. The Agency
will continue to emphasize an enforcement strategy which focuses on achieving
voluntary compliance and the promotion of innovative information on enforcement and
remediation technologies.
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
The 1993 budget request is $2,500,000,000, an increase of $100,000,000 (4.2%)
above the 1992 appropriated level. This request includes over $2,000,000,000 for
capitalization of State Revolving Funds. These funds are used as loans to
municipalities for the construction of sewage treatment facilities. Also included
are special project grants, totalling $340,000,000, for six coastal and estuarine
cities that do not currently meet secondary treatment standards. These cities, which
are a part of critical coastal and estuarine habitats, are Boston, New York, Los
Angeles, San Diego, Baltimore, and Seattle. In 1993, the Agency is requesting
$130,000,000 to support the North American Free Trade Agreement by providing grants
for sewage treatment projects along the Mexican Border.
OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL
The Agency is requesting $45,358,000 for the Office of the Inspector General.
This represents an increase of $4,158,000 (10.1%) above the 1992 current estimate.
Of this amount, $16,428,000 . is to be derived from the Hazardous Substance Superfund;
$636,000 from the Leaking Underground Storage Tanks Trust Fund; and, $28,294,000 from
the General Fund. With this appropriation, the Office of the Inspector General will
continue the implementation of the Chief Financial Officers Act for Inspector General
audits of Agency financial statements. Audit coverage of Agency contracts will be
expanded. In addition, the office of the Inspector General will continue its policy
of conducting internal performance audits, expediting audits of construction grant
close outs, and investigating other cases of potential waste, fraud and abuse.
Resources from the Superfund Trust Fund will be used to expand audit coverage
of critical Superfund contracts and investigation of the Contract Laboratory Program,
as well as conduct performance audits and investigations. The LUST Trust Fund
resources will support continued contract and management audits and provide for
expansion of LUST investigations.
1-4
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Summary of Budget Authority,
Obligations, Outlays, and Workyears
By Appropriation
(dollars in thousands)
Salaries and Expanses
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears.
Office of Inspector General
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears „.
and Development
Budget Authority.
Obligations
Outlays
Abatement, Control and
Compliance
Budget Authority.
Obligations
Outlays.
Buildings and Facilities
Budget Authority.
Obligations
Outlays..
Oil Spill Response
Budget Authority.
Obligations
Outlays...
Pe
Tote
Lt Workyears.....
:years.
Actual
1991
974,687.0 $
971,091.0
908,234.0
11,701.3
12,343.3
37,000.0 $
34,892.4
25.151.0
319.2
323.2
254,897.0 $
251,6028
235,731.0
1,006,512.0 $
995,803.7
781,7520
39,999.0 $
31,885.4
29,297.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Pros Bud
1992
1,090,000.0 $
1 ,090,000.0
1,061,889.0
13,153.0
13,153.0
41,200.0 $
41,200.0
38,954.0
366.3
366.3
313,000.0 $
311,838.0
276,247.0
1,019,505.0 $
1,019,195.0
892,941.0
13,000.0 $
13,000.0
18,6800
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Enacted
1992
1,040,500.0 $
1.040,500.0
1,019,319.0
13,153.0
13.153.0
41,200.0 $
41,200.0
38,954.0
366.3
366.3
323,000.0 $
323,000.0
280,002.0
1.133,625.0 $
1,133,625.0
946,143.0
39,300.0 $
39,300.0
21,263.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Current
Estimate
1992
1,040,500.0 $
1,040,500.0
1,019,319.0
12,873.2
13,153.0
41,200.0 $
41,200.0
38,954.0
366.3
366.3
323,000.0 $
323,000.0
280,0020
1,133,625.0 $
1,133,625.0
946,143.0
39,300.0 $
39,300.0
21,263.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Request
1993
1,157,064.0 $
1,157,064.0
1,125,618.0
13,359.2
13,359.2
45,358.0 $
45,358.0
44,066.0
460.5
460.5
338,500.0 $
338,500.0
318,715.0
1,091,860.0 $
1,091,860.0
1,059,931.0
42,100.0 $
42100.0
31,525.0
23,340.0
23,340.0
18,098.0
89.8
89.8
1-5
-------
SUBTOTAL.
OPERATING PROGRAMS
Budget Authority.
Obligations
Outlays.
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Budget Authority.
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
LUST Trust Fund
Budget Authority........
Obligations
Outlays.
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears.
Construction Grants
Budget Authority........
Obligations
Outlays.
Ocean Pumping Fund
Obligations
Permanent Workyears.....
Total Workyears.
Tolerances
Revolving Fund
Obligations..
Outlays.
Actual
1991
2,313,095.0 $
2,285,275.3
1,980,165.0
12,020.5
12,666.5
1,616,207.0 $
1,654,054.8
1,417,281.0
3,284.6
3,440.0
64,999.0 $
66,846.0
65,921.0
77.9
825
2,099,972.7 $
2,527,994.8
2,389,279.0
1,350.7 $
13.7
13.8
718.3 $
-200.0
Pres Bud .
1992
2,476,705.0 $
2,475,233.0
2,288,711.0
13,519.3
13,519.3
1,750,000.0 $
1,750,000.0
1,513,733.0
3,602.3
3,602.3
85,000.0 $
85,000.0
90,815.0
90.4
90.4
1,900,000.0 $
1,965,000.0
2.194,175.0
540.0 $
120
120
1,200.0 $
-200.0
Enacted
1992
2,577,625.0 $
2,577,625.0
2,305,681.0
13,519.3
13,519.3
1,616,228.0 $
1,750,000.0
1,485,641.0
3,602.3
3,602.3
75,000.0 $
76,966.0
86,815.0
90.4
90.4
2,400,000.0 $
2,400,000.0
2,202,175.0
540.0 $
120
120
1,200.0 $
-200.0
Current
Estimate
1992
2,577,625.0 $
2,577,625.0
2,305,681 .0
13,239.5
13,519.3
1,616,228.0 $
1,750,000.0
1,485,641.0
3,464.5
3,602.3
75,000.0 $
76,966.0
86,815.0
86.4
90.4
2,400,000.0 $
2,400,000.0
2,202,175.0
737.6 $
11.3
120
1,200.0 $
-200.0
Request
1993
2,698,222.0 $
2,698,222.0
2,597,953.0
13,909.5
13,909.5
1,750,000.0 $
1,750,000.0
1,526,864.0
3,604.4
3,604.4
75,000.0 $
75,000.0
86,772.0
95.4
95.4
2,500,000.0 $
2,826,641.0
2,171,438.0
0.0 $
0.0
0.0
1,200.0 $
-200.0
1-6
-------
Misc. Contrlb. Funds
Obligations $
Outlays
Registration & Expedited
Processing RevoMng Fund
Obligations $
Outlays
Permanent Workyears.....
Total Workyears
Asbestos In schools fund
Outlays. ' $
Reimbursements - SAE
Obligations $
Permanent Workyears
« Workyears.
bursements - Superfund
Obligations $
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears.
Reimbursements - R&D
Obligations $
Pesticide Registration Fees
(Receipts requiring Appropriation ,
Budget Authority $
Outlays
TOTAL. EPA
Budget Authority. $
Obligations
Outlays.
Permanent Workyears.....
Total Workyears
Actual
1991
0.0 $
. 3.0
19,012.7 $
8,035.0
138.5
143.3
0.0 $
17,627.9 $
63.0
63.6
6,313.6 $
5.1
5.6
4,652.5 $
action)
0.0
0.0
6,094,273.7 $
6,583,846.6
5,860,484.0
15,603.3
16,415.3
Pres Bud
1992
10.0 $
10.0
0.0 $
11,011.0
326.0
326.0
26,399.0 $
36,035.0 $
7ZO
72.0
30,000.0 $
0.0
0.0
5,000.0 $
0.0
0.0
6,211,705.0 $
6,348,018.0
6,124,654.0
17.622.0
17.622.0
Enacted
1992
10.0 $
10.0
0.0 $
6,459.0
326.0
326.0
26,399.0 $
36,035.0 $
72.0
72.0
30,000.0 $
0.0
0.0
5,000.0 $
0.0
0.0
6,668,853.0 $
6,877,376.0
6,112,980.0
17,622.0
17,622.0
Current
Estimate
1992
10.0 $
10.0
19,835.8 $
6,459.0
322.9
326.0
26,399.0 $
36,035.0 $
7ZO
72.0
30.000.0 $
0.0
0.0
5,000.0 $
0.0
0.0
6,668,853.0 $
6,897,409.4
6,112,980.0
17,196.6
17,622.0
\
V
Request
1993
10.0 $
10.0
0.0 $
1,480.0
226.0
226.0
17,229.0 $
36,575.0 $
82.0
820
30,000.0 $
0.0
0.0
5,000.0 $
-15,000.0
-15,000.0
7,008,222.0 $
7,422,648.0
6,386,546.0
17,917.3
17.917.3
1-7
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Summary of Budgat Authority.
Obligation!. Outlay*, and Workyear*
By Media
(dollar* in thousand*)
Ait
Budgat Authority ........
Obligations .............
Outlays .................
Permanent Workyears
Total Wortcy ears .........
Water Quality
Budget Authority ........
Obligations .............
Outlays .................
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyaars .........
Drinking Water
Budget Authority ........
Obligations .............
Outlays .................
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears.........
Waste
Budget Authority ........
Obligations .............
Outlays ............ „...
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears -------
Budget Authority ------
Obligations .............
Outlays ............ .....
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears .........
tadlalion
Judget Authority ..... ..
Obligation* --------- ..
Juthys.... ..........
ermanent Workyears
ota! Workyears -------
Actual
1991
408,292.2 $
407.8S9.S
448,716.8
1.901.7
1,992.9
410.02S.2 $
418,901.4
292,908.0
2.089.9
2.194.6
131.671.8 S
131.308.2
116,880.7
697.4
735.1
307.816.0 S
305,832.4
262.718.1
1.467.1
1.538.2
112.949.6 S
104.809.3
100.201.7
886.9
926.3
38,424.9 S
38.073.7
27.957.7
214.7
225.3
Pre* Bud
1992
525.460.0 S
518,028.0
473.163.9
2,298.3
2.298.3
412.822.1 S
413,302.0
376.419.9
2.330.8
2.330.8
136.148.4 S
135.929.0
122.210.1
805.4
805.4
333.735.0 S
334.326.0
302.619.2
1.660.0
1,660.0
117.063.8 $
116.052.0
107.800.8
892.7
892.7
39.627.2 S
40.132.0
36,370.0
2412
2412
Enacted
1992
518.801.3 S
518,801.3
487.105.9
2.298.3
2.298.3
461,571.6 $
461.571.6
368,974.9
2.330.8
2.330.8
142,575.3 S
142,575.3
144.369.5
805.4
805.4
335.629.6 S
335.629.6
313.388.6
1,660.0
1,660.0
117,195.4 S
117,195.4
111.386.1
892.7
892.7
38.752.7 $
38.752.7 ,
26.750.0
2412
2412
Current •
Estimate
1992
517.107.9 S
517,107.9
485.614.4
2,256.2
2.282.4
462.749.1 S
462,749. 1
369,392.5
2,237.9
2.314.9
141.306.4 S
141,306.4
143.214.1
781.5
601.9
332,008.0 S
332.008.0
310,589.9
1.607.3
1.661.1
116.441.4 S
116,441.4
110.769.4
881.4
888.3
38.761.5 S
38,761.5
26.818.9
239.7
242.4
Request
1993
551.978.9 S
551.978.9
541.759.9
2.3904
2,390.4
449,140.4 S
449,140.4
406,615.1
2.373.9
2.373.9
146,681.9 $
146.681.9
144.048.4
800.4
800.4
346.151.9 S
346.151.9
341,973.1
1.687.9
1.687.9
128,834.4 S
128.834.4
126.846.2
903.6
903.6
41.085.6 S
41.085.6
32.645.8
244.2
244.2
1-8
-------
Multimedia
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Tonic Substances
Budget Authority...
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Management and Support
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Buildings and Facilities
Outlays..
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlay*
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears..
LUST Trust Fund
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
ConmtmcHon Qranta
Budget Authority........
Obligations....-
Outlays
Actual
1991
179,661.7 $
177,612.7
145.416.5
742.6
797.2
167,353.5 $
160,502.9
112.067.4
851.6
882.6
503.379.7 $
499,477.6
436.2612
3.096.6
3.301.7
39.999.0 $
48.045.9
29.297.0
1,629.154.1 $
1,646.775.6
1,424.940.1
3,354.6
3.510.6
65,573.3 $
66.976.9
66.001.8
79.9
84.5
2,099,972.7 $
2,527,994.8
2.389.279.0
Pros Bud
1992
215,010.0 $
216.834.0
195,936.8
897.4
897.4
119.287.2 $
121.151.0
111,554.3
891.9
891.9
548,974.3 $
550,902.0
529.264.0
3,401.3
3,401.3
13,000.0 S
13,000.0
18,680.0
1.764.954.0 S
1.764.954.0
1.527.837.0
3,698.1
3.698.1
85.623.0 S
85.623.0
91.403.0
94.9
94.9
1.900,000.0 $
1.965.000.0
2.194.175.0
Enacted
1992
217,892.5 S
217.892.5
193,801.5
897.4
897.4
156,707.3 S
156.707.3
109,878.7
891.9
891.9
533,622.3 S
533,622.3
514.035.1
3.401.3
3.401.3
39.300.0 S
39,300.0
21.263.0
1.631.182.0 S
1.764.954.0
1.499.779.7
3,698.1
3,698.1
75,623.0 S
77.589.0
87.404.0
94.9
94.9
2,400,000.0 $
2,400,000.0
2.202.175.0
Currant
Estimate
1992
220.473.2 S
220.473.2
196.396.1
907.5
927.0
156,826.6 S
156.826.6
110.133.6
878.8
888.8
537,073.9 S
537,073.9
516.761.4
3.348.9
3,412.2
39,300.0 S
39.300.0
21.263.0
1,631.182.0 S
1.764,954.0
1,499,779.7
3.560.3
3.698.1
75,623.0 $
77.589.0
87.404.0
90.9
94.9
2.400,000.0 $
2.400.000.0
2.202.175.0
Request
1993
259,235.5 S
259.235.5
254.590.2
1.024.7
1.024.7
126,904.2 $
126.904.2
125.890.7
902.9
902.9
589.045.2 S
589.045.2
575,480.7
3,421.0
3.421.0
42.100.0 S
42.100.0
31.525.0
1.766.428.0 S
1,766,428.0
1,542,824.0
3.760.4
3.760.4
75,636.0 S
75.636.0
87.389.9
99.9
99.9
2,500.000.0 S
2.826.641.0
2.171.438.0
1-9
-------
Ocean Dumping Fund
Obligations
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Tolerances
Revolving Fund
Obligations
Outlays _
Misc. Contrib Fund*
Obligations
Outlays
Reregistration * Expedited
Proe««*lno Revolving Fund
Obligations
Outlays _
Permanent Worfcyears
Total Worky ears
Asbestos. In |chpol* fund
Outlay*.....
FtoinburBAinante— 8&E
Obligations-
Permanent Worfcyears....
Total WorV/ears..
ReimburMinent*— Suoarlund
Obligation*
Permanent Worfcyears-...
Total Worfcyears
Reimbursement*— RAD
Obligations
(Receipt* requiring Appropriation
Budget Authority
Outlays
TOTAL. gPA
Budget Authority $
Obligations....
Outlays .......
Permanent Worfcyears
Total Worky ears.
Actual
1991
1.350.7
13.7
13.8
718.3
-200.0
0.0
3.0
19,012.7
8.035.0
138.5
143.3
0.0
17,627.9
63.0
63.6
6.313.6
5.1
5.6
4,652.5
action)
0.0
0.0
6.094,273.7 $
6.583,846.6
5.860,484.0
15.603.3
16.415.3
Prat Bud
1992
540.0
12.0
12.0
1.200.0
-200.0
10.0
10.0
0.0
11.011.0
326.0
326.0
26.399.0
36.035.0
72.0
72.0
30.000.0
0.0
0.0
5.000.0
0.0
0.0
6.211.705.0 S
6.348.018.0
6,124.654.0
17.622.0
17.622.0
Enacted
1992
540.0
12.0
12.0
1,200.0
-200.0
10.0
10.0
0.0
6.459.0
326.0
326.0
26.399.0
36.035.0
72.0
72.0
30.000.0
0.0
0.0
5.000.0
0.0
0.0
6.668.853.0 $
6.877.376.0
6.112.980.0
17.622.0
17.622.0
Current
Estimate
1992
737.6
11.3
12.0
1.200.0
-200.0
10.0
10.0
19,835.8
6,459.0
322.9
326.0
26.399.0
36.035.0
72.0
72.0
30.000.0
0.0
0.0
5.000.0
0.0
0.0
6.668.853.0 $
6,897.409.4
6.112,980.0
17.196.6
17.622.0
Request
1993
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.200.0
-200.0
10.0
10.0
0.0
1.480.0
226.0
226.0
17.229.0
36.575.0
82.0
82.0
30.000.0
0.0
0.0
5.000.0
-15.000.0
-15.000.0
7.008.222.0 $
7.422.648.0
6.386.546.0
17.917.3
17.917.3
1-10
-------
2 AIR
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
AIR
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Air Research 2-12
Air Quality Research 2-13
Global Change Research 2-33
Acid Deposition Research 2-39
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Air Quality and Stationary Source Planning and Standards 2-44
Emission Standards and Technology Assessment 2-45
State Program Guidelines and Air Standards Development .... 2-48
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control and Fuel Economy 2-51
Mobile Source Program Implementation 2-53
Emission Standards, Technical Assessment and Characterization . 2-54
Testing, Technical and Administrative Support 2-56
Emissions and Fuel Economy Compliance 2-58
State Programs Resource Assistance 2-61
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 105 Grants) . 2-62
Air Quality Management Implementation 2-67
Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment 2-72
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 2-73
Air Quality and Emissions Data Management and Analysis .... 2-75
Atmospheric and Indoor Air Programs 2-79
Acid Rain Program 2-80
Indoor Air Program 2-84
Global Change Program 2-87
ENFORCEMENT
Stationary Source Enforcement 2-90
Mobile Source Enforcement 2-96
-------
ACTUAL PRES.
1991 BUDGET
1992
AIR
ENACTED
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
REQUEST
1993
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1993 VS 1992
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
Reimbursements
TOTAL, Air
$117,364.5 5140,080.8 3134,916.6 3133,097.1 3149,659.7 316,562.6
3218.348.0 3289,796.7 3286.071.5 3286,698.8 3305,098.3 318,399.5
372,147.0 395,582.5 397,813.2 397,312.0 397,220.9
-391.1
3407.859.5 3525,460.0 3518,801.3 3517,107.9 3551,978.9 334,871.0
PERMANENT HORKYEARS
TOVAL HORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
1,904.3
1,995.5
2.298.3
2.298.3
2,298.3
2,298.3
2,256.2
2,282.4
2,390.4
2,390.4
134.2
108.0
3448,716.8 3473,163.9 3487,105.9 3485,614.4 3541,759.9 356,145.5
Reauthorization tor the Clean Air Act expired September 30, 1981.
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 reauthorize the Air program
at such sums as may be necessary for Fiscal Years 1992 through
1998.
2-1
-------
PRES.
BUDGET ENACTED
1992 1992
AIR
DIFFERENCE
CURRENT '
ESTIMATE ENACTED VS EST. VS EST. VS
1992 PRES. BUD PRES. BUD ENACTED
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
TOTAL, Air
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
$140
$289
$95
$525
2
2
,080.8
.796.7
,582.5
,460.0
,298.3
,298.3
$134,
$286,
$97,
$518,
2,
2,
916.6
071.5
813.2
801.3
298,3
298.3
$133,
$286,
$97,
$517,
2,
2,
097.1
698.8
312.0
107.9
256.2
282.4
-$5,
-S3,
$2,
-$6,
164.2
725.2
230.7
658.7
-$6,
-S3,
SI,
-SB,
983,
097,
729
352,
-42,
-15.
.7
,9
.5
.1
.1
.9
-$1,819.5
$627.3
-$501.2
-$1,693.4
-42.1
-15.9
SALARIES AND EXPENSES
o General Agency S&E reduction
o Redirections to Administrators priorities.
ABATEMENT. CONTROL & COMPLIANCE
a
o
$15 million in funding for multilateral Montreal Protocol fund denied by
Congress.
$11.2 million in Congressional Directives.
Redirections to Administrator's priorities.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
o
Congressionally mandated add-ons for Indoor Air, Global Mitigation, Solar,
Renewable fuels research, and the Southern oxidants study and Mickey Leland
air toxics research center.
Congressionally mandated general reductions and reductions in global change
research.
2-2
-------
MEDIA BRIDGE TABLE
(dollars in.thousands)
AIR
S&E AC&C R&D TOTAL
1992 CURRENT ESTIMATE: $133,097 $286,699 $97,312 $517,108
Changes by Category:
Workforce Costs (+/-) $16,563 $0 $0 $16,563
Legislative Initiatives (+/-) $0 $12,889 $6,700 $19,589
Program Initiatives (+/-) $0 $5,650 $2,800 $8,450
Discontinuation of Specific
Increases to FY 1992 Request (-) $0 -$14,039 -$7,800 -$21,839
Other (+/-) $0 $13,900 -$1,791 $12,109
1993 REQUEST: $149,660 $305,098 $97,221 $551,979
2-3
-------
AIR
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Clean Air Act authorizes a nationwide program to reduce air pollution
through air quality planning, regulation, enforcement, and research. In November
1990 the President signed the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, which expanded
the Agency's requirements and capabilities to clean our nation's air. Enactment
of the amendments and the President's commitment to the environment have created
high public expectations for improving nationwide air quality in the 1990s
through cleaner cars, fuels, factories, and powerplants. This budget request
would provide resources to respond to the public's rising expectations for
cleaner air through the fulfillment of the requirements of the new Clean Air Act.
In implementing the Act, EPA will use not only traditional approaches for
controlling air pollution, but will also strive to harness the power of the
marketplace, encourage local initiatives, and emphasize pollution prevention.
In addition to carrying out the new Clean Air Act, EPA will expand its efforts
to analyze and address indoor air quality problems and global climate change.
EPA's goals for 1993 include reducing health and environmental risks
through: (1) further empowering states to attain National Ambient Air Quality
Standards; (2) establishing new clean vehicle and fuel programs; (3) developing
and implementing national air toxic standards; (4) developing state and local
operating permit and fee programs; (5) carrying out a market-based acid rain
emissions trading system; (6) implementing domestic rules and U.S.
responsibilities under the revised Montreal Protocol for reducing stratospheric
ozone depletion; (7) implementing new enforcement authorities and approaches; (8)
increasing technical support to state indoor air programs; and (9) conducting
research to provide strong scientific and technical bases for regulatory and
nonregulatory programs.
Attain National Ambient Air Quality Standards
Polluted air creates high health and environmental risks. To protect
health and welfare EPA set National Ambient Air Quality Standards for six
pollutants: ozone, carbon monoxide, particulate matter (PM-10), lead, sulfur
dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. Nonattainment of the standards is most widespread
for the first three pollutants. Today, almost 100 areas in the United States
fail to meet the national health standard for ozone; more than 40 areas fail to
meet the health standards for carbon monoxide; and over 60 areas exceed the
national health standards for PM-10.
The primary mechanisms provided by the Clean Air Act to achieve clean air
standards are state implementation plans and Federal rules and guidance. In 1993
EPA will help states develop revised state implementation plans that will further
reduce pollutant emissions from both stationary and mobile sources to comply with
new Clean Air Act requirements. The Agency will issue guidance for state control
strategy demonstrations, provide states with technical aid and guidance for
instituting or enhancing mobile and stationary source pollution controls, and
encourage the use of market-based approaches where appropriate. In 1993 the
Agency will also provide increased grants to states, helping them build their
capacity to meet the expanded requirements and responsibilities of the 1990 Clean
2-4
-------
Air Act amendments.
In 1993 EPA will develop national guidelines and standards for major
stationary polluters that gene'rate or cause the creation of ozone, PM-10, sulfur
dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. To support state efforts to control stationary
sources the Agency will develop control technique guidelines for major pollution
source groups. The Agency will also continue, to set new source performance
standards that apply nationwide. In all these efforts, the Agency will emphasize
pollution prevention in support of state efforts and development of national
standards.
To help states revise their implementation plans to meet new requirements
EPA will expand work on emission inventories, assure quality data, and develop
tracking procedures. Complete and comprehensive emission inventories are
essential to the development of sound and enforceable state plans, effective
regulations, and meaningful measures of progress for achieving clean air.
Accurate and comprehensive emission inventories are also integral to the success
of new market-based pollution control approaches.
EPA also will help states upgrade and expand air quality monitoring
systems. States will continue an initiative begun in 1991 to systematically
replace worn-out air quality monitors. Accurate air quality measurements are
vital in developing state plans and evaluating their effectiveness.
Establishing New Clean Vehicles and Fuels Programs
Air pollution from mobile sources accounts for over half of the nationwide
emissions of ozone precursors (volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides),
carbon monoxide, and air toxics. Because mobile source emissions account for
such a large percentage of the total air pollution problem, reducing these
emissions holds great potential for cleaning our nation's air.
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 require significant changes in vehicle
control technologies and fuel types and expansion of state control programs. EPA
and the states will work together to carry out an aggressive mobile source
pollution abatement program. The new Act requires EPA to adopt about 60 new
mobile source rules covering: reformulated gasoline, leaded gasoline, clean
alternative fuels, vehicle fleet requirements, vehicle emission standards, and
state program requirements. States must establish clean fuels programs and new
or enhanced vehicle inspection and maintenance programs.
In 1993 EPA will develop technical guidelines for clean fuel programs and
issue rules for new fuels and fuel additives. The Agency will carry out rules
to reduce fuel volatility and increase oxygen content. The Agency will also
continue development of rules to reduce emissions from non-road engines. In
addition, EPA will increase support to states for new and enhanced programs for
clean fuels and vehicles and for vehicle inspection and maintenance.
Implementing National Air Toxics Standards
According to industry estimates, more than 2.4 billion pounds of toxic
pollutants were emitted into the atmosphere in 1989. These emissions may result
in a variety of adverse health effects including cancer, reproductive effects,
birth defects, and respiratory illness. The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990
2-5
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direct EPA to control 189 hazardous air pollutants through technology based
standards over the next 10 years.
In early 1993 EPA will issue Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT)
standards for 40 categories of polluters that account for the highest health
risk. The new Act amendments require that standards for the 40 categories be
established within two years of enactment. During 1993 the Agency will also
continue work on MACT standards required in four years of enactment. To set MACT
standards, EPA must gather information on toxics emissions, manufacturing
processes, pollution controls, and control costs. EPA will continue
implementation of the early reductions program to accelerate emissions reductions
by facilities that would be subject to the next phase of MACT standards.
In 1993 EPA will also address air toxic source groups not covered by the
MACT provisions, but included in other new Clean Air Act requirements. These
sources include commercial and industrial solid waste incinerators and medical
waste incinerators. EPA will also continue assessments of air toxic deposition
in the Great Lakes.
Establishing OperatinE Permit and Fee ProErams
The 1990 Clean Air Act amendments provide for state and local operating
permit and fee programs to enhance the effectiveness of programs for reducing
acid rain, attaining National Ambient Air Quality Standards, and controlling air
toxics. When fully implemented, the permit program will consolidate requirements
for reducing air emissions and ensure that the regulated community has a clear,
consistent picture of applicable rules.
In 1993 EPA will work with state and local agencies to develop operating
permit programs. States must submit their permit program plans to EPA late in
calendar 1993. EPA will issue comprehensive guidance and undertake outreach and
training efforts to help state and local agencies establish their permitting
programs.
Establishing a Market Based Acid Rain Emissions Trading System
Acid rain causes damage to lakes, forests, and man-made structures; and
contributes to reduced visibility. The acid rain provisions in the 1990 Clean
Air Act amendments will reduce acid rain precursor emissions through an
innovative market-based emission allowance program that will provide affected
sources with flexibility in meeting required emission reductions. A successful
allowance trading system will minimize compliance costs, maximize economic
efficiency, and allow for economic growth. The new Act requires a permanent 10
million ton reduction in sulfur dioxide and a two million ton reduction in
nitrogen oxides. The acid rain program is already being seen as a model for
regulatory reform efforts here and abroad.
In 1993 EPA will focus on processing permits, managing the allowance
system, certifying continuous emissions monitors, collecting emissions data, and
evaluating the effectiveness of the acid rain program. EPA will conduct the
first annual auction as well as the first annual direct sale of allowances. The
Agency will process applications for allowances from independent power producers
and small diesel refineries as well as applications for allowances from
conservation and the renewable energy reserve. The Agency also plans to begin
2-6
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reviewing, approving, and recording official transfers of allowances ac the
request of affected sources.
In 1993 EPA will complete testing and begin operating an integrated acid
rain data system. The Agency will begin tracking emissions data from each
certified source, tracking allowance allocations and transfers, and processing
permits for each Phase I source.
Upon promulgation of the opt-in and nitrogen oxides control rules, the EPA
will review and approve permit applications and compliance plans, and continuous
emissions monitor certifications. The Agency will continue to promote energy
conservation and encourage the improvement of energy efficiency as a compliance
strategy. Finally, the Agency will continue development of an ongoing acid rain
program evaluation component and participation in the National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program.
Reducing Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 codify and expand upon the revised
Montreal Protocol negotiated to protect the stratosphere and reduce health and
environmental risks. The amendments establish deadlines for the complete phase -
out of two groups of ozone depleting chemicals. The EPA budget request will
provide United States support for a multi-lateral fund to help developing
countries shift away from the use of ozone depleting chemicals.
Implementing New Enforcement Authorities
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 restructure, strengthen, and expand
both EPA and state enforcement authority. New types of programs, such as the
allowance program for ozone-depleting chemicals, the market-based acid rain
program, the state operating permit program, and the clean vehicles and fuels
program, require new approaches to enforcement. EPA will also maintain and
strengthen existing enforcement capabilities to assure compliance with revised
state plans and Federal rules.
In 1993 EPA will continue to support state development of enforceable
emission reduction rules and operating permit programs. The Agency will also
implement the compliance monitoring and inspection targeting program to increase
the effectiveness of inspection resources.
EPA will carry out an expanded CFC compliance program through increased
inspections of sources and initiation of enforcement actions. The Agency will
also begin implementation of the field citation program with efforts concentrated
in nonattainment areas. In addition, the Agency will monitor the status of
compliance of sources subject to the Phase I acid rain requirements. The Agency
will assure that large utility steam generating units install the continuous
emission monitoring systems needed to carry out the acid rain program.
EPA will continue to shift enforcement activities to areas of highest
potential environmental benefit and stress greater coordination among Regional
and state programs.
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Addressing Exposure to Indoor Air
According to a Science Advisory Board report, indoor air pollution
represents one of the most significant public health risks facing the Agency.
In 1993 EPA will initiate a program to increase public awareness of residential
indoor air pollution and demonstrate how environmentally "healthy" housing can
be competitive in the housing market. The Agency will continue a national study
of indoor air quality in large buildings. The major objectives of the study are
(1) to develop baseline information on the factors believed to determine indoor
air quality and assess their relationship to occupant health symptoms and (2) to
improve and standardize the indoor air quality investigative approach. The
Agency will also continue an inventory of indoor air emission sources to help
provide consumers with the ability to select lower emitting products for the
indoor environment and to encourage manufacturers to produce such products.
EPA will enhance the ability of its Regional offices to help states address
indoor air pollution by providing improved training capabilities. The Agency
will also continue to operate the Indoor Air Quality Information Center to
provide information to a growing body of users.
Conducting Research to Provide a Strong Scientific and Technical Basis for
Regulatory Programs
In 1993 the Office of Research and Development will support the Office of
Air and Radiation by providing information on air pollution health and ecological
effects, monitoring methods, models, assessments, emission reduction
technologies, and quality control. Expanded program activities include increased
research on global climate change and work on large building indoor air pollution
reduction techniques.
To carry out the requirements of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, the
Agency is proposing an enhanced research program covering emissions inventories,
ozone nonattainment, air toxics, mobile sources, and acid deposition. The
research will cover short-term and long-terra needs including ozone and acid
aerosol methods, characterization, and effects; human health effects and
characterization of alternative fuels; development of new air toxics risk
assessment methods; development of control technologies for volatile organic
compounds; and the development of methods and instruments for continuous
emissions monitoring and modeling to support acid deposition implementation.
The Agency will coordinate a multi-institutional research initiative on
global climate change that will address its probability and impact. The goal of
the program will be to conduct Regional ecological assessments, make policy
decisions, and devise control strategies.
Indoor air research will focus on providing information on different
ventilation approaches and other mitigation techniques for improving indoor air
quality. This research will include: chamber and field studies to develop and
test new techniques for building ventilation, including displacement flow
arrangements; and micro-environmental workstations that control ventilation,
humidity temperature, lighting, and noise. Finally, the research program will
conduct chamber and field studies of gaseous pollutant removal systems.
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ConsultinE Services
The Office of Air and Radiation will fund a limited amount of consulting
services in 1993. Section 117 of the Clean Air Act requires consultation with
appropriate advisory committees prior to publishing any New Source Performance
Standard or National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants. The
National Air Pollution Control Techniques Advisory Committee is comprised of
members from industry, environmental groups, academia, and state and local
governments. The committee typically meets three or four times per year to
review the technical basis of Federal emission standards.
A few small management service contracts will be awarded in 1993. The
purpose of these contracts will be to provide specialized expertise in
environmental economics needed to assess the economic impacts and benefits of
various source standards and other regulatory actions. The assessment of
economic impacts and benefits is required by Executive Order 12291.
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AIR
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
National Ambient Air
Quality Standards
Number of Pollutants
Covered (Cumulative)
Proposals*
Promulgations* . . .
New Source Performance Standards
Number of Source Categories
Covered (Cumulative)
Proposals**
Promulgations
National Emission Standards
for Hazardous Air Pollutants
Number of Source Categories
Covered (Cumulative)
Number of Pollutants
Covered (Cumulative)
Proposals**
Promulgations ......
Acid Rain and Stratospheric
Ozone Rules
Proposals
Promulgations
ACTUAL
1991
6
0
0
66
2
6
33
7
0
2
8
0
Enforcement Actions - Stationary Sources
Inspections
Notices of Violation
Administrative Orders
Civil Litigation . .
Criminal Litigation .
2,066
185
137
74
8
Enforcement Actions - Mobile Sources
Assembly Line Audits. . . 23
Production Compliance
Audit 6
Recall Investigations ... 45
Notices of Violation
Tampering/Fuel Switching. 269
CURRENT
ESTIMATE ESTIMATE
1992 ' 1993
6
2
0
66
0
4
79
161
8
0
5
11
2,100
250
150
75
10
17
3
45
270
INCREASE ( + )
DECREASE (-)
1993 VS 1992
6
0
2
67
0
0
86
161
7
8
1
3
2,200
280
180
75
10
17
3
45
270
0
-2
+2
+1
0
-4
+7
0
-1
+8
-4
-8
+100
+30
+30
0
0
0
0
2-10
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* Revisions or reaffirmations
** New source categories and revisions. NESHAPs include air toxic standards
developed under other regulatory authorities
NOTE: All outputs are incremental except as indicated.
2-11
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De/eloprren!
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
19.93 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
AIR
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Air Research 2-12
Air Quality Research 2-13
Global Change Research 2-33
Acid Deposition Research 2-39
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AIR
Air Research
ACTUAL " PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Air Quality Research
Salaries & Expenses $24,443.1 $25,692.3 $24,908.7 $24,700.3 $27,434.6 $2,734.3
Research & Development $40,493.9 $61,170.4 $65,751.3 $65,307.0 $63,490.7 -$1,816.3
TOTAL $64,937.0 $86,862.7 $90,660.0 $90,007.3 $90,925.3 $918.0
Acid Deposition
Research
Salaries & Expenses $1,843.0 $1,886.3 $1,821.2 $2,021.8 $2,021.0 -$8
Research & Development $12,122.9 $11,785.9 $11,435.7 $11,412.6 $10,530.2 -$882.4
TOTAL $13,965.9 $13,672.2 $13,256.9 $13,434.4 $12,551.2 -$883.2
Global Change Research
Research
Salaries & Expenses $2,598.8 $2,895.6 $2,816.5 $2,729.0 $2,548.6 -S180.4
Research & Development $19,530.2 $22,626.2 $20,626.2 $20,592.4 $23,200.0 $2,607.6
TOTAL $22,129.0 $25,521.8 $23,442.7 $23,321.4 $25,748.6 $2,427.2
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $28,884.9 $30,474.2 $29,546.4 $29.451.1 $32,004.2 $2,553.1
Research & Development $72,147.0 $95,582.5 $97,813.2 $97,312.0 $97,220.9 -$91.1
Air Research TOTAL $101,031.9 $126,056.7 $127,359.6 $126,763.1 $129,225.1 $2,462.0
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Air Quality Research 389.4 428.0 428.0 421.3 426.6 5.3
Acid Deposition 29.5 30.4 30.4 30.9 30.9
Research
Global Change Research 34.8 38.9 38.9 38.8 38.9 1
Research
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 453.7 497.3 497.3 491.0 496.4 5.4
TOTAL UOftlCYEARS
Air Quality Research 407.5 428.0 428.0 421.3 426.6 5.3
Acid Deposition 29.9 30.4 30.4 30.9 30.9
Research
Global Change Research 36.5 38.9 38.9 38.8 38.9 1
Research
TOTAL WORKYEARS 473.9 497.3 497.3 491.0 496.4 5.4
2-12
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AIR
Air Quality Research
Principal OuCputs
1993 o Public comment and CASAC review of Second External Review Draft of
Oxides of Nitrogen Air Quality Criteria Document.
o Chronic inhalation reference concentrations for the list of 189
air toxics on CAAA.
o Report on the evaluation of cleaning methods in schools to improve
indoor air quality.
o Risk assessment of multiple pollutants emitted from paints used
indoors.
o Final report on the Integrated Air Cancer Project study of the
contribution of combustion sources to urban cancer risks.
o Developmental effects of methanol inhalation exposures evaluated. •
o Draft report on the clinical responses of sensitive subpopulations
of humans to ozor.-i exposure.
o Initial phase of testing on 10MW, ADVACATE pilot plant at the
Tennessee Valley Authority's (TVA) Shawnee plant and prepare
journal article summarizing results.
o Report on the field evaluation of prototype advanced secondary
combustion woodstove.
o Final report on non-process solvent use in industry and commerce
to support consumer products report to Congress required by the
1990 Clean Air Act Amendments.
o Final report on improved activity factors for highway vehicle off-
cycle enrichment which occurs during heavy acceleration.
o Report on improved emission estimation methodologies for small
industrial VOC sources.
o Acid aerosol Federal reference method developed and continuous
monitors evaluated.
o Regional air quality models for assessing visibility extend MM-4
windfield model to west coast.
o Data report of wind-tunnel simulation of dispersion from area
sources.
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o Final report on evaluation of valley stagnation models using
STAGMAP data.
o Generic test methods for chlorinated alipha'tic hydrocarbons,
aldehydes and ketones, and chlorinated aromatic compounds
developed.
o Tentative generic method for brominated aliphatic hydrocarbons
developed.
o Report on the characterization of emissions from various motor
fuels.
o Report on mobile source emissions from traffic tunnel study.
o Report on the characterization of photochemical reactivity of
methanol exhaust.
o Compliant and non-compliant buildings for indoor air investigation
selected.
o 32 site visibility network under CASTNET installed.
o Model evaluation, maintenance and documentation, and application
and administration of the RADM and RELMAP models completed - to be
applied to emissions trading.
1992 o Project Plan for PM/SOX *iir Quality Criteria Document for review
by CASAC; Workshop Draft of the Document prepared.
o Ozone Air Quality Criteria Document Supplement for public comment
and CASAC review.
o External review draft of diesel risk assessment for public and
CASAC review.
o Inhalation reference concentration (RfC) evaluations (non-cancer
health effects) and additional 25-30 of the 189 air toxics listed
in the 199Q Clean Air Act Amendments placed on IRIS.
o Final interim methods for Development of RfCs.
o Report on chromium epidemiology project.
o Man made mineral fibers health assessment document.
o Assessment of indoor bioaerosols published.
o Interim report on non-process solvent use in industry and commerce
to support consumer products report to Congress required by the
1990 Clean.Air Act Amendments.
o Protocol for testing the degradation of EPA certified woodstoves.
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o Revised methods for estimating VOC emissions from oil spills,
cooling towers and marine vessel loading/unloading.
o Emissions factors for utility boilers revised to reflect
variability in NOX emissions with boiler load.
o Results from the operation of the gas pretreatment system needed
for the methane landfill fuel cell demonstration.
1991 o First External Review Draft (ERD) of the Oxides of Nitrogen Air
Quality Criteria Document for public CASAC review.
o Inhalation reference concentration (RfC) evaluations completed for
non-cancer health effects of 48 of the 189 air toxics listed in
the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments.
o Peer-review workshop of the Diesel Risk Assessment Document.
o Ethyl Corporation MMT Waiver Request action supported, including
manganese RfC development, risk characterization for MMT/Mn, lead
role in organization and conduct of Mn/MMT Workshop, and lead
coordination of preparation of ORD "Information Needs for Mn and
MMT" document.
o Indoor Air Risk Characterization Framework.
o Monograph describing sampling and analytical procedures for known
and suspected carcinogens, primarily for those found in indoor
air; i.e., radon, asbestos, VOCs, inorganic compounds,
particles,and non-ionizing radiation.
o Definition of concentration-response relationships for criteria
and air toxics pollutants for Clean Air Act Amendments Cost-
Benefit Analyses.
o Hazard assessment summaries for chemicals from Kuwait oil fires.
o Analysis of Mexico City air pollution data and preparation of
report for State Department on potential health risks for U.S
Mexico City embassy personnel and dependents.
o Stratospheric Ozone Technology Transfer Reports on Aerosol
Propellants; Foams; Mobile Air Conditioning Refrigerant Recycling;
and Collection, Recycle, and Disposal of Certain Ozone Depletion
Compounds.
o Report on Che development of an advanced design woodstove for
reducing particulate emissions to or below the 1990 NSP.
o Conceptual design, cost and evaluation study for a fuel cell
demonstration which uses landfill methane gas as the feed stock.
o Users guide "Regional Oxidant Model Users Guide and Emissions
Processor Operations".
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Reporc on moisture interference with Dasibi and ocher UV ozor.e
monitors.
Project report on "Source Apportionment- of -Mutagenic Activity in
Fine Particle Organic in Boise, Idaho Air.
Report on "Analysis Methodology for Polar Semivolatile Air
Pollutants".
Test of Stochastic CO Model using Denver and Washington PEM data
sets.
Hazardous Air Pollution Exposure Model (HAPEM) constructed for
long term exposure estimates from mobile sources.
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AIR
Air Quality Research
BUDGET REQUEST
This is a restructured program element from those identified in the 1992
Budget Request. Resources are identified at the new program element level and
not at the program issue level.
1993 Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $90,925,300 supported by 426.6 total
workyears for 1993, of which $27,434,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $63,490,700 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,734,300 in Salaries and
Expenses and a $1,816,300 decrease in Research and Development appropriation.
The reduction is due to one time Congressional projects not continued in 1993.
In addition, there is approximately $2,008,600 of Multimedia Operating
Expenses and $5,398,300 for Laboratory/Field Operating Expenses in support of
the Clean Air Act.
1992 Budget
The Agency is allocating a total of $90,007,300 supported by 421.3 total
workyears for this program element, of which $24,700,300 is from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $65,307,000 is from the Research and
Development appropriation.
1991 Budget
The Agency obligated a total of $64,937,000 supported by 407.5 total
workyears for this program element, of which $24,443,100 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $40,493,900 was from the Research and
Development appropriation.
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
This research program provides the research and technical support
necessary to enable the Agency to carry out its regulatory and information
transfer responsibilities under the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA). The goal
of the air research program is to provide the Agency with the scientific data
and analyses, technical support, and quality assurance needed to implement the
provisions of the Clean Air Act Amendments, and other air pollution policies.
This research includes health and ecological effects, monitoring, atmospheric
modeling, control technology development, and scientific assessments.
The air research program provides the scientific data needed to issue
and revise national standards for emissions of criteria air pollutants;
-supports issuance and revision of New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) and
State Implementation Plans (SIPs) through the development of models and
2-17
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monitoring techniques for air pollutants and engineering studies of control
technologies; identifies emissions of air pollutants from a variety of sources
that are hazardous to human he.alth but are not already regulated as criteria
air pollutants; evaluates emissions, exposure patterns; and health effects of
mobile source pollutants; and supports the Agency's efforts to inform the
public about hazards associated with indoor air pollutants. EPA provides the
necessary data on the effects of stratospheric ozone depletion and resulting
increases in harmful (UV-B) radiation on humans, plants, and ecosystems;
addresses the research needed to determine the impact and consequences of
global climate change, and develop and test predictive source and sink models
for important trace gases; and provides national baseline data on exposure to
pollutants, body burdens, and health effects.
RESEARCH ISSUES
The sections below describe research program issues by each fiscal year.
NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
1993 Program Request
Research will focus on atmospheric processes and monitoring
methodologies for new and existing National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS). New studies will characterize regional haze in Class 1 areas and
correlate haze with the sources of the aerosols present in the atmosphere.
Studies on visibility trends at specified locations will determine the effects
of sulfer dioxide controls required by CAAA of 1990. Ongoing research studies
will determine the chemical and physical processes that influence the
formation, growth and removal rates of acid aerosols in the atmosphere.
Health research will focus on: 1) acute and chronic health effects of NAAQS
pollutants (primarily ozone (03), nitrogen oxides (NOX), acid aerosols,
particulates) in test animals and humans; 2) extrapolation models; and 3)
evaluation (by epidemiological studies) of acute and chronic health effects
from exposure to "real world" levels of oxidants. Epidemiological studies on
the effects (morbidity and mortality) of oxidants and acid aerosols will
expand. Research on the effects of acid aerosols in animals and humans will
emphasize species sensitivity issues and inflammatory and pulmonary function
responses. Researchers will develop ozone and nitrogen dioxide (N02) clinical
and toxicological research will develop theoretical models of respiratory
tract deposition, with the ultimate goal of providing more accurate estimates
of pollutant dose to lung, thus improving animal to man extrapolation.
Clinical and epidemiology studies will help to clarify the risks to
potentially susceptible subpopulations.
Chronic animal toxicology studies will help determine the relationship
between long-term exposure to urban patterns of 03 and the onset and/or
exacerbation of chronic lung disease. The forest oxidant program will
identify the vegetation resources at risk due to current levels of ozone and
provide an initial characterization of exposure components relevant to trees.
EPA will release, for public comment and Clean Air Science Advisory
fcommittee (CASAC), review the Second External Review Draft of the Oxides of
2-18
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N'itrogen Air Quality Criteria Document Supplement. In conjunction with the
development of the particulate matter (PM)/sulfur oxides (SO^) Air Quality
Criteria Document, EPA will conduct an expert panel evaluation of new studies
regarding the health consequences of exposure to ambient particulate matter.
1992 Program
Scientific monitoring support on atmospheric processes and monitoring
methodologies to support new and existing NAAQS is being provided.
Researchers evaluate analytical systems for measuring criteria pollutants in
ambient air and develop standard methods for measuring acid aerosols
visibility as well as test new types of particulate matter 10 micrometers or
less (PM-10) in samplers and continuous monitors. Research includes an
integrated program to study acid aerosol formation and neutralization to
enable the Agency to determine how to control or curtail formation of acid
aerosols. Specifically, EPA's research determines the chemical and physical
processes that influence the formation, growth and removal rates of acid
aerosols in the atmosphere.
Visibility monitoring results are being analyzed, including intensive
studies such as the Mojave Study. Simple photochemical models are being
modified to include important constituent parameters that affect visibility
reduction.
Health research focuses on three major areas: 1) acute and chronic
health effects of NAAQS pollutants (primarily 03, NOX, acid aerosols,
particulate) in test animals and humans (by clinical studies of both normal
and sensitive subjects); 2) extrapolation models; and 3) acute and chronic
health effects from exposure to "real world" levels of oxidants. Emphasis is
being placed on N02 acute and chronic exposures in animals and multi-hour
exposures in normal and potentially sensitive humans. Acid aerosol research
is studying the health effects on host defense mechanisms in animals and
exposed volunteers, and epidemiology studies to evaluate human respiratory
effects. Human studies are being initiated to evaluate the interaction of
ozone and acid aerosols. Animal and human studies on N02, 03, acid aerosols
and particulate, emphasizing research to clarify the relationship between
exposure, dose, and effect, including respiratory diseases and effects on host
defenses are being conducted. 03 research is shifting towards understanding
chronic effects and mechanisms of toxicity. A new multi-year 03 epidemiology
effort evaluates acute, subchronic and chronic effects on lung function and
disease. To improve animal-to-man extrapolation models, studies are refining
estimates of size-dependent particle deposition in the lungs of children and
adults, and to determine the pulmonary dosimetry of ozone and other oxidants.
Ecological research focuses on the effect of ozone on forest tree
species. The work is divided into two major areas: 1) response information
for individual trees in the laboratory and at three field sites in response to
a suite of exposure combinations and concentrations, duration of exposure at
various concentrations (within a year and for multiple years), and varying
tree age. The exposure patterns are derived from field observations, 2)
mechanistic models to extrapolate the responses of individual trees to major
components of forests ecosystems and to account for other ecosystem stresses
such as drought, and 3) CIS-based risk assessment capability for major types
of US forests.
2-19
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EPA is preparing a Project Plan for Che PM/SOX Air Quality Criteria
Document for review by CASAC and will initiate the preparation of the Workshop
Draft of the Document. EPA is.preparing an expanded version of the Ozone Air
Quality Criteria Document supplement for public comment- and CASAC review. ORD
is to provide follow-up support to QAQPS/OAR on the decision making package to
retain or revise the CO NAAQS.
1991 Accomplishments
EPA focused its NAAQS program on ozone and acid aerosols. ORD's health
scientists studied acute, subchronic, and chronic exposure to criteria
pollutants in response to the statutory mandate for periodic review of NAAQS
and the research needs identified by the CASAC of the Agency's Science
Advisory Board (SAB). Researchers studied species sensitivity issues and
inflammatory and pulmonary function responses in man. ORD shifted exposure
studies from acute to chronic effects, and emphasized the respiratory and
immunological effects of ozone and sulfuric acid aerosols. Scientists
continued to develop theoretical models of respiratory tract deposition, and
to elucidate the risks to potentially susceptible subpopulations. This
research included chronic animal toxicology studies to determine the
relationship between long-term exposure to urban patterns of ozone and the
onset or exacerbation of chronic lung disease. Scientists focused their
epidemiology studies on chronic cardiopulmonary effects of ambient and indoor
combinations of ambient air pollutants.
The First External Review Draft of the Carbon Monoxide (CO) Air Quality
Document (AQCD) prepared by EPA and released earlier for public comment was
reviewed by CASAC at a public meeting in April 1991-resulting in CASAC closure
on the document. The First External Review Draft of the NOx Criteria Document
was also completed. EPA updated data bases on PM, sulfur oxides, lead, and
ozone.
In support of NAAQS compliance and the new acid rain title of the CAAA,
EPA engineers developed and evaluated the advanced calcium silicate (ADVACATE)
process for S02 control and Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) for NOX
control. The ADVACATE field evaluation at TVA's Shawnee pilot facility
yielded crucial information for scale up to commercial applications.
Engineers used a bench/small pilot apparatus to study the parameters which
effect catalyst reactivity and determine long-term catalyst performance in
their SRC research. This research helped resolve questions concerning the
applicability of SCR to US fuels and processes.
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS AND STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS
1993 Program Request
Research will improve emissions estimation methodologies for criteria
pollutants and their precursors and demonstrate technologies and prevention
approaches which reduce emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), SOX,
NOX> and PM from major point and area sources, Researchers will assist states
develop the comprehensive accurate emissions inventories which, based on the
1990 CAAA, must be submitted with SIPs and be updated periodically. EPA will
omplete the development of most of the new emission estimation methods for
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VOC area sources and other pollutants initiated in 1991. Additional emphasis
will be placed on field validation of these methods, possibly in Tampa/St.
P.etersburg or Raleigh in conjunction with. Southern Oxidant Study (SOS). As
the validation studies are completed, ORD will integrate the methods (with anv
necessary modifications based on the field data) into computer data systems
such as the Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS).
Control/prevention research will focus on innovative control approaches for
VOC area sources and SOX/NOX controls for industrial facilities. The VOC
emission reduction program will provide additional data to OAQPS to assist
them establish criteria for regulating consumer and commercial products.
Results from the initial non-process usage of solvents will be used to
develop the Report to Congress on consumer products. Researchers will study
applicability of ADVACATE to non-utility sources (industrial boilers, waste
furnaces, and smelters) and integrate ADVACATE with other processes such as
SONOX to yield high efficiency SOX/NOX control systems. NOX emission
reduction research will focus on advanced combustion modification
technologies. EPA engineers will conduct pilot and field tests.
Scientific (atmospheric and monitoring) support for NSPS and SIP
developments and maintenance will be provided. The Southern Oxidant Study
will develop ambient and source emission methods for criteria pollutants
including their precursors. Ongoing research includes PM-10 methods
evaluations. In order for States to more easily evaluate SIP revisions, the
Urban Airshed Model (UAM) ill be incorporated into Regional Oxidant Model
(ROM). The Agency will initiate a program to incorporate major components of.
the ozone model ROM, RADM, and the Regional Particulate Model (RPM) into a new
model, MODELS3, which will include upgrades using the latest advances in
science and technology in atmospheric physics, chemistry, and computing.
Scientists will modify or develop new source monitoring methods for VOCs
including continuous monitoring and increase its quality assurance efforts
with respect to the National Performance Audit Program (NPAP) which addresses
the State and Local Monitoring Network (SLAMS). In addition, the NPAP system
will include SIP sites.
1992 Program
Research is underway to improve emission estimation methodologies for
criteria pollutants and their precursors and to evaluate and demonstrate
technologies and prevention approaches which reduce emissions of VOCs, SOX,
NOZ, and PM from major point and area sources. Emissions methodologies
research will help states develop the comprehensive accurate emissions
inventories which, based on the 1990 CAAA, must be submitted with SIPs. The
control/prevention research is focusing on innovative control approaches for
VOC area sources and SOX/NOX controls for industrial facilities. Approaches
to reduce VOCs emitted from non-process related solvent usage is a research
priority. SOX emission reduction research supports a pilot scale evaluation
of the ADVOCATE process at the TVA 10 Mwe Shawnee plant. The NOX control
program is evaluating and demonstrating advanced combustion modification and
flue gas treatment technologies.
Support is being provided on atmospheric and monitoring methodologies
for New Source Performance Standards (NSPSs) and SIPs to assure attainment and
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maintenance of ambient air standards (NAAQS). As designated by the 1990
ORD is conducting a major study of ozone formation in the Southeast SOS
initiated in Atlanta, GA. This study will define 'factors which influence
ozone non-attainment including the role of biogenic emissions using the ROM to
determine the impact of VOCs and NOX emissions on ozone control strategies.
ORD is using data from the 1988 Acid Deposition study to evaluate the regional
particulate model. Additional work includes the air dispersion modeling
experiments and testing arid model development to modify existing regulatory
models (complex terrain), to support PM-10 regulatory activities and to
upgrade regional and urban particulate models. This program also provides
meteorological guidance and support to ORD laboratories and other Agency
offices as well as research and development of ambient and source emission
methods for criteria pollutants including their precursors. Ongoing work
includes PM-10 methods evaluations including acid aerosol methods development.
Congressional Directives in Air Quality Research. A total of $3,200,000
is for the Congressionally directed project, Southern Oxidant Study.
1991 Accomplishments
EPA provided reports on: Moisture interference with dasibi and other
ozone monitors; Adequacy of NAPAP audit program for SLAMS data quality; The
1989 - 1990 regional mass measurement field study to determine urban boundary
conditions. EPA executed a cooperative agreements and initiated Southern
oxidant Study. Researchers provided status reports on: recommended revisions
to PS1 and the opacity audit program; development of the dioxin audit program
and QA document for method 23; flow monitor evaluation program; and regional
particulate model.
HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANT REGULATORY ACTIVITIES
1993 Program Request
EPA scientists will conduct research on innovative air toxic control
approaches applicable to regulated source categories, including area sources,
which emit one or more of the 189 air toxics. The focus of this research will
begin to shift towards control approaches for air toxics area sources
identified as "problematic" by the program office and control approaches for
.air toxic source categories which will not be subject to a Maximum Achievable
Control Technology (MACT) standard until after 1997. EPA will demonstrate the
corona destruction process in several large scale units. Research on wood
stoves, a major non-point source of air toxics, research will focus on
additional field tests to evaluate the performance of an EPA developed
secondary combustion wood stove which will be developed by EPA engineers.
Emission reduction program will assess in-use air toxics control technologies
for point and area sources to determine the extent to which these technologies
are operating below design specifications and to develop enhanced operation
and maintenance approaches.
The first set of engineering guidance documents resulting from the
coating industry studies for Regional/State and local use will be prepared.
EPA will provide technical assistance to state and local agencies through the
fcntrol Technology Center (CTC). The CTC, jointly funded by ORD and OAQPS,
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distributes technical information on air toxic control technologies via the
CTC HOTLINE and conducts engineering evaluations on emissions and control
options. EPA will develop methods to improve emissions estimates and apply it
to specific air toxic source categories. Emissions methodology research will
support the national area source strategy mandated under section 112(k) and
the Great Lakes study.
Research will development monitoring systems for Hazardous Air
Pollutants (HAPs), and develop source emissions monitoring to support MACT
regulation development for HAPs as specified by the 1990 CAAA. In addition,
researchers will develop methods for characterizing area-wide source emissions
of toxics.
EPA scientist will complete development of chronic inhalation reference
concentrations and begin development of acute inhalation reference
concentrations for CAAA listed air toxics that have adequate data bases.
Cancer risk assessments will be performed on high priority air toxics. The
Air Risk Information Support Center (Air RISC) will include hotline assistance
and technical guidance relate to health assessment of hazardous air
pollutants.
The Interdivisional Air Toxics Research Program will include evaluating
mutagenicity, cancer and various non-cancer health effects of key HAPs and
mixtures of pollutants found in urban air. Researchers will develop methods
to evaluate mutagenicity, DNA adduct dosimetry, and carcinogenicity of complex
mixtures of source emissions and ambient urban toxic air pollutants and
characterize the types of health risks associated with exposure from urban
area sources of HAPs. For non-cancer health effects, the emphasis will shift
towards research that can resolve generic extrapolation issues and be used to
evaluate both acute and chronic effects. Models of lung injury and dosimetry
will be developed. Ongoing research will develop and validate methods for
identifying and quantifying the potential developmental and reproductive
toxicity of HAPs, in order to support more advanced risk assessment methods
for these endpoints.
1992 Program
The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments require EPA to establish emission
standards for source categories of the 189 air toxics listed under Title III
of the 1990 CAAA. These emission standards must be based on MACT or Generally
Available Control Technology (GACT) for some area sources. To support this
revamped air toxics regulatory approach, EPA is conducting research on
innovative air toxic control approaches which will be applicable to source
categories, including area sources. Innovative control work is on developing
the corona destruction process which has shown great promise as a cost
effective technique for controlling low concentration streams of several air
toxics. EPA is working cooperatively with industry and the military to
demonstrate the performance of the corona reactor at large pilot scale.
Source reduction approaches for air toxic emissions from auto body refinishing
and wood furniture coating operations is demonstrating research to improve
existing EPA certification developed secondary combustion wood stoves are
ongoing. EPA is also attempting to improve the performance of existing in-use
air toxics control technologies for point and area sources. Technical
assistance to state and local agencies expands to address the expected
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increase in requests for technical information due to the 1990 CAAA. EPA
provides this assistance through the CTC which ORD and OAQPS jointly fund zo
provide technical information -on air toxic control technologies via the CTC
HOTLINE. Finally, EPA is developing methods to improve emissions estimates
for specific air toxic source categories. This emissions methodology research
supports development of the national area source strategy mandated under
section 112(k) of the 1990 CAAA and the Great Lakes study.
Researchers are developing, evaluating, and standardizing monitoring
systems for measuring HAPs in ambient air. The program also includes
selective detectors, portable monitors, and advanced methods to deal with
special conditions imposed by complex mixtures of chemicals as well as quality
assurance methodologies for new and existing methods. Laboratory studies are
underway to determine atmospheric reaction rates and transformation products
of HAPs. These studies describe the formation, removal, and fate of air
toxics in complex atmospheric mixtures found in urban air. As part of the
Integrated Air Cancer Project (IACP) the program conducts an ambient air
monitoring study in an urban location to quantify the source of carcinogens in
ambient air.
The Interdivisional Air Toxics Program evaluates cancer and various non-
cancer effects of key hazardous air pollutants and mixtures of pollutants.
This work reduces uncertainties in cancer risk assessment by identifying and
evaluating carcinogenic and genotoxic effects and their dose-response
relationships for a limited number of hazardous air pollutants from the listed
source category of polycyclic organic matter (POM). Other EPA research
improves and validates the bioassays used to evaluate these agents and the
me .hods, used to determine their potency.
Final reports are being prepared for the Integrated Air Cancer Project
(IACP), which studied the health effects and developing methodologies for
identifying major sources of carcinogenic chemicals emitted into the air or
arising from atmospheric transformation.
Researchers are conducting studies on mutagenicity, DNA adduct dosimetry,
and carcinogenicity of complex mixtures of source emissions and ambient urban
toxic air pollutants. For non-cancer health effects, emphasis shifts away from
chemical-specific health research and towards research that will resolve generic
extrapolation issues. Effects evaluated include developmental, reproductive,
neurobehavioral, hepatic. EPA researchers are examining the effects of air
toxics on the lung, the immune system of the lung and on the ability to resist
infection.
For listed air toxics, inhalation reference concentrations (RfCs)
(noncancer assessments) and cancer unit risks will be developed to support hazard
ranking for source modifications, lesser quantity cutoffs, source category
listing/delisting, and air toxics listing/delisting petitions. Air Risk
Information Support Center (Air RISC) activities will include hotline assistance
and technical guidance related to health assessment of hazardous air pollutants.
ORD, in collaboration with QAQPS will work with OTS to identify health testing
needs for the listed air toxics to provide key information needed for residual
risk determinations.
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Congressional Directives in Air Quality Research. A total of $300,000 is
for the Congressionally directed project, the Urban Air Toxics Center.
1991 Accomplishments
EPA scientists improved the database needed for the quantitative assessment
of risks for listing/delisting, urban air toxics, and residual risk and developed
predictive models to accurately characterize the relationship between exposure
and response. Researchers developed information on the nature and magnitude of
non-cancer health effects associated with exposure to HAPs.
EPA scientists conducted health assessments support of Title III of the
Clean Air Act Amendments. Scientists reviewed the health effects portions of
petitions to add or delete compounds from the list of air toxics. ORD
researchers provided support for the Air Risk Information Support Center (Air
RISC), the activities of which include Hotline assistance and technical guidance
related to health assessment of air toxics.
In support of cost-benefit analyses of the Clean Air Act Amendments, ORD
defined concentration-response relationships for the health effects of criteria
and air toxic pollutants and provided expert consultation on selected non-health
issues. EPA also contributed to the Interagency Persian Gulf Task force by
providing expertise on hazardous assessments of the pollutants from Kuwaiti oil
fires.
To support the PM-10 compliance, engineering scientists conducted research
on the control of particulate and condensible organics from woodstoves. EPA
researcher^ evaluated ozone and air toxics source process for controlling low
concentration streams of VOCs and furnished technical support to EPA program
offices, Regions, States and localities through the CTC. EPA scientists also
addressed methodology development for area sources of VOCs.
MOBILE SOURCES
1993 Program Request
This Research Program will concentrate on control technologies,
characterizing vehicle emissions in the laboratory, and determining human
exposure and risk from mobile sources. Other research activities and include
testing and evaluating of remote monitors. This project will use remote
monitoring methods for CO and hydrocarbons from tailpipe emissions along with I&M
methods and portable dynamometers for roadside testing to develop more realistic
emission inventories for mobile sources. The program will also develop and
evaluate a remote system for NOX measurement.
Researchers will examine the health effects of motor vehicle fuels,
including methanol and additives, and determine the contribution of motor vehicle
emissions to the mutagenicity of ambient air. Researchers will assess ONA
adducts as biomarkers of risk from mobile source emissions. Alternative fuels
research will evaluate the impact of alternative fuels on the mutagenic activity
of automotive emissions, particularly in comparison to the mutagenicity
associated with conventional fuels. Researchers will study the health effects
(i.e., cancer, genotoxicity, developmental effects) of both conventional and
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alternative fuels. Research will be conducted in pharmacokinetics, dosimetrv.
and other studies needed to extrapolate animal testing results to man for
alternative fuels, particularly methanol. 'EPA Researchers will also provide an
ecological risk assessment of alternative fuel combustion products for one region
of the country.
External review drafts of the reassessment of the cancer risks of two major
fuel-related pollutants (benzene and 1,3-butadiene) will be completed. The
diesel risk assessment will be revised to incorporate public and CASAC comments
and completed. Work will begin to assess the cancer and non-cancer health risks
of conventional gasoline and one alternative fuel. ORD's Research Strategy for
Alternative Fuels will be completed, as will the Proceedings of an international
meeting (to be held in RTP, NC) on the health and ecosystem impacts of
alternative fuels compared to conventional fuels.
1992 Program
The research program for mobile sources evaluates control technologies on
evaporative and exhaust emissions with an emphasis on alternative fuels.
Researchers are developing a laboratory simulation of roadway driving conditions
while using analytical procedures to characterize motor vehicle emissions.
Emissions from gasoline-fueled vehicles, including evaporative hydrocarbon
emissions, as a result of refueling, running losses, long term standing, and
tailpipe emissions at elevated ambient temperatures are being studied.
Human exposure to mobile sourc.e emissions to CO, benzene, and other
volatile organics will be determined. Field tests on human activity pattern-
exposure models to assess exposures of passengers and drivers to toxic chemicals
while traveling are being conducted.
EPA's in-house health research program conducts research to determine the
contribution of mobile source emissions to the total mutagenicity and
carcinogenicity of ambient air through the Integrated Air Cancer Project and
hazardous air pollutant research program. New molecular methods are being
developed and used to understanding the relationship between exposure, dosimetry
and risk for mobile sources. The research on alternative fuels examines the
impact of alternative fuels and their emissions on human health.
EPA is completing an External Review Draft of the Alternative Fuels
Research Strategy. Reassessment of the cancer unit risks of two major fuel-
rel-ited carcinogens will begin and the External Review Draft of the Diesel
Emissions Risk Assessment will be reviewed by CASAC and the public.
1991 Accomplishments
EPA provided data for Agency policy makers on the risks to public health
and welfare from exposure to automotive emissions and the atmospheric
transformation products of these emissions. Scientists conducted research to
determine the contribution of motor vehicle emissions to the mutagenicity of
ambient air and to assess DNA adducts as biomarkers of risk from mobile source
emissions. EPA studied the effect of alternative fuels on the mutagenic activity
from automotive emissions. Scientists studied body cancer and non-cancer health
effects of motor vehicle fuels, additives, and alternative fuels (i.e.,
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methanol) . Work on alternative fuels focused on the developmental ar.c
reproductive effects associated with methanol inhalation and on the
characterization of methanol pharmincokinetics for improving the estimates of
exposure-response relationships.
EPA developed and tested the Stochastor Co Model using Denver and
Washington PEM data sets. Researchers also constructed the Hazardous Air
Pollution Exposure Model (HAPEM) for long term exposure estimates from mobile
sources.
EPA initiated assessments of alternative fuels. The major effort was to
start development of a multidisciplinary, multimedia Research for Alternative
Fuels that can provide research guidance, not only to ORD, but also to research
institutions outside of EPA.
INDOOR AIR
1993 Program Request
Researchers evaluate emissions from a variety of indoor sources and collect
data on compounds emitted. Specific characterization research includes:
extending the source emissions model to include wet, decaying sources;
investigating whether diffusion of pollutants in sink surfaces impacts
re-emission rates; biological response based tests; and initiation of large
chamber emission testing (all work prior to 1992 was conducted in small chamber
tests) . Indoor air mitigation researchers will evaluate and demonstrate
alternative Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) approaches including source management,
ventilation strategies, and air cleaning devices. Specific emission reduction
research includes: developing a standard method for comparing the exposure
reduction capability and costs of in-duct particulate air cleaners; testing the
performance of selected particulate air cleaners; developing methods to compare
organic air cleaners; evaluating Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
(HVAC) materials as potential sources of indoor pollutants.
Research efforts will concentrate on building diagnostic and measurement
methods refining personal exposure monitoring equipment. The Agency will
initiate a program to measure biocontamination of buildings through bioaerosol
monitoring techniques. Health research will study health effects from exposure
to biocontaminants by evaluating the allergic response of children to common
indoor airborne allergies, and by developing an animal model of a biocontaminant-
induced allergy. Research will identify and characterize people with multiple
chemical sensitivities. The toxicity of certain consumer products (such as
carpets) by exposing rodents to the product emissions will be studied.
Researchers will address the issue of sick building syndrome by evaluating and
validating human test methods for effects on the nervous and immune systems.
The results of a project, involving EPA researchers, the Carpet Industry,
and the Cleaning Industry will be reported. Researchers will examine
alternatives for cleaning carpets in schools for the purpose of maintaining
healthy air quality. EPA will expand its risk assessment methodologies for non-
cancer endpoints and evaluate health response associated with air emissions form
paint used indoors.
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1992 Program
Researchers are evaluating emissions, from a variety of indoor sources and
collecting data on compounds emitted, emission rates of these compounds, emission
rate decay, and the interaction of source emissions with indoor surfaces (i.e.,
sinks). Specific characterization research includes: extending the source
emissions model to include wet, decaying sources; investigating whether diffusion
of pollutants in sink surfaces impacts re-emission rates; development of
biological response based tests; and initiation of large chamber emission testing
(all work prior to 1992 was conducted in small chamber tests). Indoor air
mitigation research is focusing on alternative Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)
approaches including sour.ce management, ventilation strategies, and air cleaning
devices. Specific emission reduction research includes: developing a standard
method for comparing the exposure reduction capability and costs of in-duct
particulate air cleaners; testing the performance of selected particulate air
cleaners; developing methods to compare organic air cleaners; developing methods
to compare organic air cleaners; evaluating Heating, Ventilation, and Air
Conditioning (HVAC) materials as potential sources of indoor pollutants;
ventilation effectiveness (e.g., location of air supply and return registers)
studies; and chamber studies to evaluate material conditioning and building
"bake-out" as source management options.
The results of these studies for large buildings will be used to develop
guidance on the most effective design and operation of large buildings to
minimize human exposure to indoor air pollutants. Studies on personal and area
exposure monitors are underway in order to provide the best possible measurements
of specific pollutants.
Indoor air health research shifted part of its focus to the study of indoor
biopollutants in order to understand the allergic/asthma response in children and
adults. Research are studying indoor VOCs as they relate to "sick building
syndrome". This includes human clinical studies of the neurobehavioral,
physiological, and immunological effects of VOC mixtures. Multiple chemical
sensitivities research is ongoing with the clinical characterization of normal
vs. sensitive individuals. EPA is also conducting research on emissions from
consumer products, such as carpets.
In support of the Agency's Indoor Air Quality Implementation Plan, ORD will
develop a risk characterization methodology to assess non-cancer health effects
associated with different indoor air pollution exposures, especially
biocontaminants, and mixtures of biological pollutants in a variety indoor
environments. EPA is evaluating scientific data on environmental monitoring to
provide a better understanding of these pollutants in the indoor environment.
Congressional Directives in Air Quality Research. A total of $2,000,000
is for the Congressionally directed projects in Indoor Air research.
1991 Accomplishments
Scientists studied the health effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
and VOC mixtures associated with sick building syndrome. The ETS work focused
n biOiS-irkers that could be used in human studies to assess the relationship
exposure, dose and effects. The VOC work focused on both human and
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animal studies. The human research involved boch clinical evaluations of neural
effects, plus clinical studies of upper respiratory inflammation associated with
exposure to mixtures of VOCs. . The VOC mixtures used were typical of U.S. indoor
environments. The animal VOC research involved 'studies of respiratory
irritation/inflammation and susceptibility to influenza. A collaborative effort
was started with AEERL to develop a bioassay system (based on alterations in
breathing patterns of rodents) for assessing the relative toxicity of emissions
from indoor sources of pollutants such as carpeting.
In support of the Agency's Indoor Air Quality Implementation Plan, ORD
conducted risk assessments for multiple and non-cancer indoor air pollutants and
began a health assessment of biocontaminants found indoors. The Agency will
distribute these assessments, which are based on the results of laboratory
studies and available literature, to other Federal agencies, State and local
governments, and the general public.
EPA research focused the indoor air research on the evaluation of air
cleaners for control of biological contaminants, chamber studies of organic
emissions from indoor sources, evaluation of indoor sinks, and modeling and
source characterization of indoor pollutants.
Monitoring research completed demonstration studies and both the Library
of Congress Madison Building and EPA headquarters building. Researchers
developed a standardized large building diagnostics protocol. Statement of
research needs and research activities for 1992. A report was also issued
summarizing initial sensitivity simulation results for CONTAM 88.
HEALTH EFFECTS INSTITUTE
1993 Program Request
The Health Effects Institute (HEI) will change the focus of their research
from criteria. pollutants to health effects associated with the unregulated
hazardous components of vehicle exhaust and fuels including the health effects
studies of mobile source emissions. Criteria pollutant research will focus on
effects of ozone. Research will expand on the pharmacokinetics of methanol and
formate in female monkeys exposed to methanol; on the pharmacokinetics of
methanol in the maternal-fetal unit; and on the developmental neurotoxicity of
methanol.
The goal of the HEI is to gather information and conduct research on the
health effects of motor vehicle emissions. Researchers funded by HEI studied
various aspects of criteria pollutants toxicity (primarily ozone) associated with
mobile source emissions. Research expanded on the health effects of alternative
fuels through funding of rodent and primate studies that examine the metabolism,
pharmarcplometocs and behavioral developmental effects associated with exposure
to methanol.
1992 Program
HEI studies various aspects of criteria pollutant toxicity which
complements ORD's research program. The HEI research program focuses on wide-
ranging investigations of health effects associated with various mobile source
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pollutants, including diesel exhaust, and aldehydes. HEI is also studying
various aspects of criteria pollutant toxicity which are associated with mobile
s.ource emissions. HEI expands, its research on the health effects of alternative
fuels by funding several methanol inhalation studies in rats and monkeys that
focus on metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and behavioral developmental effects on
offspring exposed in utero.
1991 Accomplishments
The goal of the HEI is to gather information and conduct research on the
health effects of motor vehicle emissions. Researchers studied various aspects
of criteria pollutant toxicity associated with mobile source emissions. Research
expanded on the health effects of alternative fuels through funding of rodent and
primate studies that examined the metabolism, pharmacokinetics and behavioral
developmental effects associated with exposure to methanol.
CLEAN AIR ACT AMENDMENTS
1993 Program Request
To meet the requirements of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA), the
Office of Research and Development has been working with the Office of Air and
Radiation (OAR) to determine research needs to implement the CAAA requirements.
This research will concentrate on alternative fuels and emissions by-products
quantitation, their effects on human health and the environment, including ozone
emissions. Effects research (including forest effects) will address ozone, air
toxics, and acid deposition. Acid aerosol research, including methods
development and epidemiology studies, will support CAA activities. This includes
the development of the visibility monitors for the Clean Air Status and Trends
Network (CASTNET). Air toxics research will develop additional methods for
specific compounds as well as new controls and control strategies. Researchers
will conduct risk assessments, air toxics effects research (i.e. Great Waters),
and will be develop inhalation reference doses for high priority compounds.
Models will be developed to support ambient standards, air toxics research and
standards development, and acid deposition which includes emissions trading and
human perception research.
1992 Program
The 1990 CAAA requires EPA to establish a program of research, testing and
development of methods for sampling, measuring, analyzing, and modeling air
pollutants. To implement these requirements, EPA is significantly enhancing
research on emissions inventory, ozone non-attainment, air toxics, mobile
sources, and acid deposition. Research includes programs dealing with individual
exposure to multiple air pollutants and the development of new monitoring
methods, the initiation of a research program on short-and long-term effects of
air pollutants on human health, and guidance needed to perform health assessments
on each of the hazardous air pollutants listed, and a continuation of the clean
alternative fuels characterization and effects. Human health effects researchers
are studying the characterization and transformation of alternative fuels,
development of new air toxics risk assessments and generic air toxics source
hethods. EPA researchers are studying the development of control technologies
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for VOC's and the development of methods and instruments for continuous emission
monitoring and emissions modeling to support acid deposition implementation and
the monitoring and modeling of priority ecological effects.
1991 Accomplishments
Funding for 1990 Clean Air Act Amendment activities were reprogrammed into
other issue areas.
GLOBAL CLIMATE MITIGATION
1993 Program Request
Global change mitigation research efforts will support implementation of
the new "Stratospheric Ozone Protection" Title (Title VI) in the 1990 Clean Air
Act Amendments. Researchers will evaluate replacements for chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) in refrigeration systems such as heat
pumps, home refrigerator freezers, and retail food preservation. Research will
also be conducted to identify alternative insulation systems which do not utilize
CFCs or HCFCs, the currently proposed replacements. Replacements for critical
uses of halons in areas such as the North Slope oil and gas facilities will need
to be further developed.
1992 Program
The global mitigation research program (which includes both global warming
and stratospheric ozone) will focus on: (1) evaluating methods for reducing
emissions of methane, a key greenhouse gas, from landfills, coal mines, and
anaerobic digestion; 2) demonstrating the use of solar photovoltaics (PV) in end-
use (retail) applications; and (3) identifying alternatives for ozone depleting
compounds including their applications; and (3) identifying alternatives for
ozone depleting compounds including their applicability for several end-uses.
The feasibility of using methane gas from landfills and the anaerobic digestion
of solid waste at a waste water treatment facility as a fuel option for a 200-
kilowatt (kW) commercially available phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) power plant
is to be demonstrated. In 1992, the landfill demonstration concentrates on
construction and testing of the gas pretreater to process feed gas prior to
introducing it into the fuel cell and the anaerobic digester demo will focus on
site selection and determining the feasibility of integrating a fuel cell with
a waste water treatment system. Research is to be initiated to evaluate methods
to reduce methane emissions from coal mines. Innovative techniques such as
nitrogen flooding are being investigated to enhance methane recovery from
underground coal seams. Researchers are evaluating techniques to utilize the
recovered coal mine methane. Additional research is utilizing PV conversion, the
transformation of solar radiation directly into electric power, to displace
fossil fuels. Several power pack PV systems (approximately 10 kW) are being
placed at selected retail locations to determine how well they can reduce the
peak power load and improve the load by shifting some demand usage. These
systems are monitored for performance and reliability using on-line remote
monitoring which is all tied to a central facility. The stratospheric ozone
depletion mitigation research utilizes screening tests to determine properties
'such as flammability and acute toxicity of new chemicals selected as promising
candidates for long-term replacement of ozone depleting CFCs and HCFCs, both of
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which ultimately will be phased out under Title VI of the 1990 CAAA. These new
chemicals and several solutions developed by industry are being tested to
determine their applicability for commercial and home refrigeration systems.
space cooling (heat pumps) systems, and insulation applications.
Congressional Directives in Air Quality Research. A total of $4,000,000
is for the Congressionally directed projects in Global Warming and Ozone
Mitigation research and in Solar and Renewable Fuels research.
1991 Accomplishments
Funding was not provided for these activities in fiscal year 1991.
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AIR
Global Change Research'
Principal Outputs .
1993 o Impact of tropospheric chemistry on global warming potential for
greenhouse gases determination.
o Initial report on data analysis of land uses and carbon storage in
tropical ecosystems.
o Methods, models, and databases for soil carbon sequestration
potential for global agroecosystems assessment.
o Operational monitoring system for biomass burning in Sub-Saharan
Africa using NOAA AVHRR data.
o Global climate change on Asian rice yields for year 2020
assessment.
i
o Report on the nature, extent, and potential clinical impacts of
immunosuppression by UV-B exposure in mankind.
o Report on atmospheric chemistry of HCFCs and MFCs and their
degradation products.
o Report on UV-B radiation effects on marine biogeochemical cycles.
1992 o Report on impact of heterogeneous chemical processes on fate of
CFC substitutes.
o Report on the nature, extent, and potential clinical relevance of
UV-B-induced immunosuppression in normal human subjects.
o Ecoregion assessments for specific regions.
o Climate change impacts on physical and biological properties of
freshwaters assessment.
o National assessment of the current and future emissions of methane
from the natural gas industry.
1991 o Report on the development of improved emission factors for methane
for selected anthropogenic sources.
o Report on selected UV-B effects on wetland rice ecosystems.
o Report on the sensitivity of forest regions to global change.
o Report on processes that control emissions of radiatively
important trace gases from biosphere.
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AIR
Global Change Research
BUDGET REQUEST
This is a restructured program element from those identified in the 1992
Budget Request. Resources are identified at the new program element level and
not at the program issue level.
1993 Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $25,748,600 supported by 38.9 total
workyears for 1993, of which $2,548,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $23,200,000 will be for the Research and Expenses
appropriation. This represents a $180,400 decrease in Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and an increase of $2,607,600 in the Research and Development
appropriation. The increase is to fund additional research activities in
support of the U.S.Global Change Research Program (USGCRP).
1992 Budget
The Agency is allocating a total of $23,321,400 supported by 38.8 total
workyears for this program element, of which $2,729,000 is from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $20,592,400 is from the Research and
Development appropriation.
1991 Budget
The Agency obligated a total of $22,129,000 supported by 36.5 total
workyears for this program element, of which $2,598,800 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $19,530,200 was from the Research and
Development appropriation.
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
EPA is working closely with other Federal agencies as part of the
comprehensive U.S. Global Change Research program (USGCRP). The USGCRP was
established by a Presidential initiative in the 1990 Budget to establish
national and international policies related to global environmental issues,
particularly global climate change. The USGCRP was developed by the
interagency Committee on Earth and Environmental Sciences (CEES) Working Group
on Global Change (WGGC) of the Federal Coordinating Council for Science,
Engineering, and Technology (FCCSET).
The objective of the Global Change research program element is to
provide the Agency with the scientific data and analyses, technical support,
and quality assurance needed to measure, evaluate, and predict the ecological,
environmental, and human-health effects of global change.
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RESEARCH ISSUES
The sections below describe research program issues by each fiscal -.-ear.
STRATOSPHERIC OZONE
1993 Program Request
Research will investigate the effects of decreasing stratospheric ozone
which increases ultraviolet flux (UV-B) on the earth's surface. Scientists
will conduct research on the effects of stratospheric ozone depletion on
terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and human health. Studies of the effects
of UV-B radiation on terrestrial ecosystems will determine the relationship
between UV-B dose and other anthropogenic factors such as global climate
change. Studies on the effects of UV-B radiation on human health will focus
on the effects on the immune system and the potential for increased
susceptibility to bacterial and/or parasitic infections. Research will also
stress UV-B effects on the marine food web and biogeocheraical cycling. EPA
will support the Vienna Convention for the protection of the ozone layer and
the renegotiated Montreal Protocol in cooperation with other nations.
Assessments will be developed to determine whether additional chemicals should
be regulated, whether the regulatory schedule should be modified, and whether
greater or lesser controls should be imposed on regulated chemicals.
1992 Program
In 1992, EPA research is conducting major scientific assessments as
scheduled under the Montfeal Protocol to determine whether: 1) additional
chemicals should be regulated, 2) the regulatory schedule should be modified,
and 3) greater or lesser controls should be imposed on regulated chemicals.
Research is also being conducted on ways to predict the quantities and impact
of continued release of ozone-depleting compounds (ODCs) and the increase in
UV-B irradiance at the surface of the earth. Global trends in emissions of
ODCs on the United States and other countries are being studied. Health
researchers are examining the effects of increased UV-B radiation of the human
immune system, and whether this causes increased susceptibility to bacterial
and/or parasitic infections. The results of this research will allow EPA to
scientifically evaluate overall policy implications as new scientific
information is developed.
1991 Accomplishments
Researchers completed atmospheric chemistry screening studies for ten
proposed CFC substitutes. EPA scientists reviewed effects of ultraviolet-B
radiation on marine fishes. EPA's Corvallis Environmental Research
Laboratory, in cooperation with the International Rice Research Institute in
the Philippines, launched the first major study of how global climate change
(including increased exposure to UV-B radiation) may affect rice, the world's
most important food crop.
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GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
1993 Program Request
Researchers will determine potential ecological consequences of climate
change with a focus on the relation between climatic conditions and boundaries
between major ecosystems, such as between forests and grasslands. When
completed, this research should provide resource managers with insight into
the magnitude of latitudinal and longitudinal shifts of major ecosystems that
might be associated with specific climatic changes.
EPA researchers will study emissions of greenhouse gases and sinks to
evaluate relative contributions of anthropogenic sources of these gases. In
addition, EPA will study chemical transformations that occur in the
troposphere and stratosphere, which help determine radiative forcing that
results in the ground effect. Researchers will develop a generation carbon
emissions model. This research, in conjunction with research being conducted
by the Department of Energy, will provide a global model capable of handling
emissions scenarios with greater sophistication, allowing for a greater
assessment of the potential effects of major changes in emissions rates.
With regard to the carbon cycle, the initial research emphasis will be
on quantifying current and potential future fluxes of carbon from temperate
and high latitude forests and soils as a means of resolving the questions
about the "missing carbon" in the carbon budget and the potential positive
biofeedbacks of carbon from forests and soils. Subsequent emphasis in this
area will be developing the methods necessary to couple the terrestrial
biosphere with the atmosphere in future-generation, integrated General
Circulation Model's (GCM's). In the atmospheric chemistry area, the initial
emphasis will be on process studies to determine the effects of changing
compositions of emissions on tropospheric concentrations and lifetimes.
Subsequent research will develop a global process-based chemistry module that
can be integrated into GCM's effects research will determine characteristics
of terrestrial systems that make them vulnerable to climate change, and
classifying the North American landscape according to those characteristics.
Future studies will develop models and carry out assessments of potential
impacts on selected natural systems. The emission factor studies continue
through 1993. Future emphasis will be placed on developing models that can be
used to translate the emission factors into estimates of global emissions from
particular sources.
1992 Program
Research activities center on reducing four major areas of uncertainty:
(1) The Influence of the Terrestrial Biosphere on the Carbon Cycle -- quantify
its role as global sink; quantify dynamic biofeedbacks of carbon dioxide and
methane to the atmosphere; (2) Global Warming Potentials for Gases Other Than
Carbon Dioxide -- quantify interactive atmospheric chemistry and develop
models to predict tropospheric concentrations and lifetimes of gases; (3) The
Potential Effects of Global Change -- identify vulnerable natural systems;
estimate effects for predicted changes; and (4) The Anthropogenic Emissions of
Greenhouse Gases -- develop emission factors for anthropogenic sources of
methane and nitrous oxide.
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1991 Accomplishments
Improved emission factors were developed for methane from selected
anthropogenic sources. EPA co-funded development of mo'del that, with
continued refinement, will permit the investigation of processes that
influence tropospheric chemistry and will improve our understanding of the
impact of current and planned anthropogenic activities on our global
environment. EPA researchers co-sponsored symposium convened by the American
Society of Limnology and Oceanography to discuss the question, "What controls
phytoplankton production in nutrient-rich areas of the open sea? Particular
attention was given to the "iron hypothesis" because of the unique set of
concerns surrounding it. In addition, EPA scientists conducted an analysis of
2 x C02 climate effects on Minnesota surface waters and fishery resources, and
determined that the increase in habitat and productivity of warm- and cool
water fishes would exceed the loss of habitat and productivity of coldwater
fishes (e.g., trout and salmon). This response stands to benefit the state's
tourism industry, which produces revenues on the same order as manufacturing
or agriculture.
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AIR
Acid Deposition Research
Principal Outputs
1993 o QA protocols for in-stack, mass emission monitors for S02 and NOX
evaluation.
o 50 National Dry Deposition Network (NDDN) sites and contribute
towards 200-site National Trends Network (NTN).
o 32-site visibility network under CASTNET installation.
o Model evaluation, maintenance and documentation, and application
and administration of the RADM and RELMAP models completed - to be
applied to emissions trading.
o Long-term Testing of the Tangentially-fired LIMB system at
Yorktown, Virginia completed.
1992 o Field construction and testing of a tangentially-fired LIMB system
at Yorktown, Virginia completed.
o Reference method for site-specific and large area dry deposition
trends analysis established.
o Temporal and spatial trends from the National Dry Deposition
Network evaluated.
o Phase I evaluation of the full RADM model completed.
o Streamlined version of RADM\EM to applied deposition - and
visibility monitoring network sighting and trend analysis.
1991 o Dry deposition data report completed based on the continued
operation of the National Dry Deposition Network.
o Temporal and spatial trends in Acid Deposition evaluated.
o Eulerian Regional Acid Deposition Modeling system (RADM/EM)
applied for analysis of control scenarios.
o Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM) evaluated using surface and
aircraft monitoring data.
o Field construction phase of a 180 megawatt tangentially-fired LIMB
demonstration at Yorktown, Virginia initiated.
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AIR
Acid Deposition Research
BUDGET REQUEST
This is a restructured program element from those identified in the 1992
Budget Request. Resources are identified at the new program element level and
not at the program issue level.
1993 Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,551,200 supported by 30.9 total
workyears for 1993, of which $2,021,000 will be for the Salaries and Expense
appropriation and $10,530,200 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents a $800 decrease in the Salaries and Expense
appropriation and a $882,400 decrease in the Research and Development
appropriation. These reductions are due to Congressional reductions sustained
in 1993 on LIMB technology and agency reprogrammings.
1992 Budget
The Agency is allocating a total of $13,434,400 supported by 30.9 total
workyears for this program element, of which $2,021,800 is from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $11,412,600 is from the Research and
Development appropriation.
1991 Budget
The Agency obligated a total of $13,965,900 supported by 29.9 total
workyears for this program element, of which $1,843,000 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $12,122,900 was from the Research and
Development appropriation.
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
The objectives under this program element are to provide EPA program and
Regional offices; Federal, State, and local governments; and industry with the
scientific information necessary to help guide the development and utilization.
of energy resources in an environmentally acceptable manner. Acid deposition
research is coordinated through the Interagency Task Force of the National
Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP). Limestone Injection Multistage
Burner (LIMB) research, a research effort into retrofit boiler technology, is
conducted in conjunction with the Department of Energy's Clean Coal Technology
Program. This research develops and evaluates air emission control
technologies that may remove sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOX)
from the flue gases of coal-fired boilers.
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RESEARCH ISSUES
The sections below describe research'program issues by each fiscal year.
ESTIMATE EMISSIONS FROM MAN-MADE SOURCES
1993 Program Request
Research will focus on the development of improved methods for
estimating area and point emissions. EPA will maintain emission projection
models specific to major source categories such as utilities. These models
are used to analyze emission control and management strategies thus providing
data supporting regulatory activities.
1992 Program
The current research program is developing improved methods for
estimating area and point emissions. This is accomplished by developing 1)
better area source estimating methods; 2) improved data collection
procedures; and 3) improved data quality assurance policy procedures. EPA
also maintains emission projection models specific to major source categories
such as utilities. These models are used to analyze emission control and
management strategies that results in improved emission inventory capability
for State and Regional offices, higher quality and more cost effective
collection and estimating methods, and improved model predictions for
emissions policy management.
1991 Accomplishments
Scientists collected, reviewed and distributed data on fuel consumption
and composition, air emission standards, NOX and S02 controls, and stack
parameters for all utility boilers greater than 25 Megawatt. EPA also began
construction of the 10 Megawatt advanced calcium silicate (ADVACATE) pilot
plant at Tennessee Valley Authority's Shawnee plant.
ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES
1993 Program Request
Research will focus on completing the joint U.S./Canadian evaluation of
the Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM) and the Canadian Acid Deposition and
Oxidant Model (ADOM). EPA will study the use of RADM to optimize forecasting
the effects of emissions trading, coal moratoriums, and other interstate
issues raised in implementing the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA).
The RADM will also help extrapolate site-specific deposition monitoring data
to determine baseline trends. The model will also support U.S./Canadian
research on transboundary flows. Finally, the RADM will help describe the
interprogram effects of instituting controls on emmissions of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), oxidants and acid deposition. Research will also merge RADM
and Regional Oxidant Model (ROM) modeling capabilities, and by enhancing
kitrogen chemistry components build a comprehensive modeling system to study
arban and regional oxidant, nitrogen, and air toxic issues. EPA will also
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develop a desk top RADM for use by regions, States and others. Research will
continue long term monitoring changes in lake and stream chemistry
attributable to acid deposition. The Agency will maintain its watershed
modeling capability. Research will also study the effects of trading nitrogen
deposition for sulfur deposition and the feasibility of an acid deposition
standard. Research will also begin on the effect of acid deposition on
forests.
1992 Program
Research is developing use of RADM and RADM/Engineering Model (RADM/EM)
to estimate deposition to sensitive receptor areas in both the U.S. and
Canada. The RADM will also be used to study various control strategies and to
interpolate data from deposition monitoring network detecting changes. The
RADM will also be used to answer inter-program effects questions about
oxidant, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), acid deposition, nitrogen loading,
and air toxics. A joint model evaluation of RADM and the Canadian ADOM (Acid
Deposition and Oxidant Model) will also be developed. The RADM is also
predicting seasonal and annual averages of deposition. EPA is developing
responses to issues raised by State-of-Science and Technology and Integrated
Assessment reports prepared for NAPAP. Finally, EPA is documenting the
computer code of the RADM series used for the NAPAP Assessment.
1991 Accomplishments
Researchers conducted field measurement-based evaluation of the Regional
Acid Deposition Model, resulting in an upgraded version (RADM 2.6). EPA
presented Phase I results and discussion of the nonlinear relationship between
emmissions and deposition. Scientists applied RADM and RADM/EM to issues of
CAAA monitoring network design. Researchers planned CAAA assessments and
feasibility studies and examined effects of trading between NOX and S02.
Finally, EPA developed first-generation fine-mesh version of RADM for future
analysis of subregional scale issues.
ESTABLISH DEPOSITION MONITORING DATA BASES
1993 Program Request
EPA will sustain existing National Dry Deposition Network (NDDN)
research-based network. There will be minimal resiting of National Dry
Deposition Network components for the Clean Air Act detectability network
design. EPA's support to the National Trends Network (NTN) will continue to
support baseline data.
The visibility research program will analyze visibility monitoring data
including data from the Mojave Study to determine the source and extent of
aerosol components contributing to visibility reduction. This program
continues support and coordination of other agencies visibility
characterization and source attribution research. A visibility trends network
will begin to be developed to track the effects of controls required by the
CAAA. Simple photochemical models will be modified to include additional
factors that affect visibility reduction.
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Forest and aquatic effects monitoring will help identify the affects of
acid deposition. These involve integrating forest effects with aquatic
effects models. The feasibility of trading NOX for S02 emissions will also be
evaluated. Controls and standards for deposition will also be evaluated.
1992 Program
EPA's operational NDDN network of 51 dry deposition monitoring sites are
collecting air quality, meteorological and vegetation data necessary for
estimating dry deposition which is an important component of total deposition.
Research projects based on the data generated by this network include: 1)
Leaf Area Index measurement and Large Area Deposition measurement
extrapolation; and 2) improvements in nitrogen oxide and sulfur oxide field
instrumentation. EPA supports 7-9 sites of the Acid Deposition System (ADS)
and other wet deposition monitoring networks in the U.S. The wet deposition
data is analyzed for temporal and spatial trends. Data may be used to
establish pre-CAA control baseline. Support to NTN continues since no
resiting or additional sites are needed as a 'result of the CAAA.
1991 Accomplishments
Researchers designed Clean Air Statutes Trends Network (CASTNET). This
network is needed to meet 1990 CAAA requirements. Scientists developed the
Leaf Area Index method for dry deposition monitoring. EPA provided annual
status report on the operation of National Dry Deposition Network. Scientists
redirected operation of Acid Deposition System data base for wet deposition
under national monitoring network (NADP/NTN).
DEVELOP AND EVALUATE LIMB CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
1993 Program Request
LIMB technology is a low-cost option for retrofitting existing utility
plants which will have to comply with the acid rain provisions of the CAAA.
This program will not be funded in 1993. Resources will be reallowcated to
conduct Low-N0x related research activities.
1992 Program
The revised performance standards for nitrogen oxide emissons of
utility plants must reflect improvements in emission reduction methods. In
order to support standard development and the overall NOX reduction goals, EPA
is designing and testing an advanced low-NOx coal firing system for tangential
utility boilers. The design employs techniques for reducing NOX emissions
that are consistent with established theory, field experience from first
generation systems, and large-scale pilot testing of the concept.
The current research effort focuses on supporting the tangentially-fired
LIMB demonstration at Yorktown, Virginia. This large scale demonstration is
important because approximately 45 percent of U.S. utility boilers are
tangentially-fired. The LIMB commercial demonstration program is jointly
funded by the Federal government and industry. Equipment installation for the
Yorktown LIMB demonstration is being completed and testing will begin in 1992.
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1991 Accomplishments
EPA initiated the construction of the tangentially-fired boiler LIMB
system at Yorktown, Virginia.
LOW/NOx CONTROL TECHNOLOGY . .
1993 Program Request
The acid rain provisions under Title IV of the 1990 CAAA mandate
significant reductions in NOX emissions from utility boilers by 2000. It also
requires EPA to revise the new source performance standard for nitrogen oxide
emissions from fossil-fuel fired electric utility and other plants. EPA will
complete testing of the low NO^ firing system in early 1993 with detailed
project documentation provided in late 1993.
1992 Program
Activities are described under the issue "Develop and Evaluate LIMB
Control Technology."
1991 Accomplishments
Activities are described under the issue "Develop and Evaluate LIMB
Control Technology."
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Aoa!e-"en! ard Ccntrol
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget E-stimate
Table of Contents
AIR
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Air Quality and Stationary Source Planning and Standards 2-44
Emission Standards and Technology Assessment 2-45
State Program Guidelines and Air Standards Development .... 2-48
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control and Fuel Economy 2-51
Mobile Source Program Implementation 2-53
Emission Standards, Technical Assessment and Characterization . 2-54
Testing, Technical and Administrative Support .... 2-56
Emissions and Fuel Economy Compliance 2-58
State Programs Resource Assistance 2-61
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 105 Grants) . 2-62
Air Quality Management Implementation 2-67
Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment . . . 2-72
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 2-73
Air Quality and Emissions Data Management and Analysis .... 2-75
Atmospheric and Indoor Air Programs 2-79
Acid Rain Program 2-80
Indoor Air Program 2-84
Global Change Program 2-87
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AIR
Air Quality and Stationary Source Planning and Standards
ACTUAL" PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE' 1993 DECREASE •
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Emission Standards I
Technology AssessMnt
Salaries t Expanses $8,359.1 $10,159.3 $9,825.0 $9,594.5 $10,513.1 $918.6
Abatement Control and $14,099.6 $22,028.7 $22,028.7 $21,556.0 $23,348.7 $1,792.7
CompliBncG
TOTAL $22,458.7 $32,188.0 $31.853.7 $31,150.5 $33,861.8 $2,711.3
National Pollutant
Policies, Strategies,
and Rules
Salaries t Expenses $14.3
TOTAL $14.3
State Program Policy
Guidelines t Air
Standards Development
Salaries I Expenses $7,011.7 $7,690.1 $7,500.0 $7,502.8 $7,956.3 $453.5
Abatement Control and $5,602.1 $7,883.3 $7,883.3 $7.710.9 $7,675.3 -$35.6
TOTAL $12,613.8 $15,573.4 $15,383.3 $15,213.7 $15,631.6 $417.9
TOTAL:
Salaries t Expenses $15,385.1 $17,849.4 $17,325.0 $17,097.3 $18,469.4 $1,372.1
Abatement Control and $19,701.7 $29,912.0 $29,912.0 $29,266.9 $31,024.0 $1,757.1
Compliance
Air Quality & TOTAL $35,086.8 $47,761.4 $47,237.0 $46,364.2 $49.493.4 $3,129.2
Stationary Source
Planning A Standards
PERMANENT UORKYEAftS
Emission Standards t 115.4 151.0 151.0 148.1 153.0 4.9
Technology Assessment
State Program Policy 105.2 114.3 114.3 112.0 116.7 4.7
Guidelines I Air
Standards Development
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 220.6 265.3 265.3 260.1 269.7 9.6
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Emission Standards & 120.5 151.0 151.0 148.1 153.0 4.9
Technology Assessment
State Program Policy 108.0 114.3 114.3 112.0 116.7 4.7
Guidelines I Air
Standards Development
TOTAL UORKVEARS 228.5 265.3 265.3 260.1 269.7 9.6
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AIR
Air Quality & Stationary Source Planning and Standards
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $49,493,400 supported by 296.7 total
workyears for 1993, an increase of $3,129,200 and 9.6 total workyears from 1992.
Of the request, $18,469,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $31,024,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation of
$1,372,100 and an increase of $1,757,100 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
EMISSION STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $33,861,800 supported by 153.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $10,513,100 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $23,348,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase from 1992 of $918,600 in
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $1,792,700 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 4.9 in total
workyears. To implement the new Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, EPA will
expand efforts in 1993 to address urban air toxics, toxic deposition in the Great
Lakes and the Gulf of Mexico, and the impacts of emissions from electric
utilities. The Agency will also provide additional support to states providing
technical assistance to small businesses.
This program will focus on Clean Air Act implementation, particularly on
achieving reductions in air toxics. This includes the development of maximum
achievable control technology (MACT) standards for high priority pollutants and
source categories. EPA will give priority to promulgating MACT standards for
at least 40 source categories, coke ovens, and dry cleaners to meet the two-year
deadline in the 1990 amendments. The Agency also will continue development of
MACT standards for additional categories to help meet the four-year deadline in
the Act and initiate work on standards for several new source categories to help
meet the seven-year deadline. In addition, the Agency will provide significant
support to states and industrial plants to facilitate their participation in the
"early reductions" program, which encourages industry to develop innovative,
cost-effective methods for reducing their air toxic emissions before MACT
standards apply. Finally, the Agency will provide technical assistance to states
and local agencies in implementing the promulgated MACT standards.
Other efforts that the Agency will undertake in 1993 include: completing
a schedule for the development of MACT standards for all listed source
categories; responding to petitions to add or delete pollutants; continuing a
study of the deposition of hazardous air pollutants in the Great Lakes;
developing standards for medical waste incinerators and municipal waste
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combustors; issuing final guidance for the implementation of section 112(g) of
the Act, "Modifications;" and supporting' the National Academy of Sciences in
their review of EPA's risk assessment procedures and methods. The Agency will
expand assessments of emissions of hazardous air pollutants from electric
utilities and of the concentrations of air toxics in the ambient air in urban
areas. The Agency will also increase efforts to develop and analyze toxic data
bases for the Great Lakes and Gulf of Mexico.
To help states address ozone nonattainment problems, EPA will continue (1)
developing control technology guidelines (CTGs) for 13 categories of sources of
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and an alternative control technology document
for sources of nitrogen oxides; (2) preparing a study on VOC emissions from
consumer commercial products; and (3) promulgating standards for marine vessels.
To help states address PM-10 problems, the Agency will continue the development
of reasonably available control measures (RACM) and best available control
measures (BACM) and CTGs for major PM-10 sources that contribute to PM-10
nonattainment in specific geographic areas. EPA will also continue revision of
the NSPSs for emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from electric
utilities.
EPA will provide implementation support to state programs through the
operation of four centers and clearinghouses and through the publication of
implementation support and technology transfer documents for air toxics, ozone,
and PM-10 control. The Agency will continue to assist states in the development
of permit programs for air toxics. In addition, the Agency will initiate support
to states in providing compliance and technical assistance to small businesses
that must comply with Clean Air Act requirements.
1992 Proeram
In 1992 the Agency is allocating a total of $31,150,500 supported by 148.1
total workyears for this program, of which $9,594.500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $21,556.000 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1992 the major focus of the program is implementation of the Clean Air
Act Amendments of 1990, particularly requirements for reducing air toxics through
development of MACT standards for high priority pollutants and source categories.
EPA is developing MACT standards to meet two-year, four-year, and seven-year
deadlines. The Agency is also developing a schedule for the completing MACT
standards for all listed source categories and responding to petitions to add or
delete pollutants. The Agency is placing high priority on implementation of the
early reductions program.
In 1992 EPA is continuing a study on the deposition of hazardous air
pollutants in the Great Lakes; developing standards for medical waste
incinerators and municipal waste combustors; developing guidance for the
implementation of section 112(g) of the Act, "Modifications;" supporting the
National Academy of Sciences in their review of EPA's risk assessment procedures
and methods; and initiating a study of the emissions of hazardous air pollutants
from electric utilities.
EPA is also continuing development of CTGs for 11 source categories of VOC
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emissions and an alternative control technology document for sources of nitrogen
oxides; initiating the development of CTGs'for two additional source categories;
preparing a study of VOC emissions from consumer commercial products; and
developing standards for marine vessels. The Agency will publish final NSPSs for
VOC emissions from chemical manufacturing reactor .processes and for particulate
emissions from mineral processing plants. The Agency will continue work on a
revision to the NSPS for sulfur dioxide emissions from electric utilities. The
Agency will also continue development of RACMs and BACMs and CTGs for major PM-10
sources that contribute to PM-10 nonattainment in specific geographic areas.
EPA will provide implementation support to state programs through the
operation of four centers and clearinghouses and the publication of
implementation support and technology transfer documents for air toxics, ozone,
and PM-10 control. The Agency will also assist states in the development of
permit programs for air toxics.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991 the Agency obligated a total of $22,458,700, supported by 120.5
total workyears. Of the total dollars, $8,359,100 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $14,099,600 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1991 the Agency began implementing the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.
Under Title III, "Hazardous Air Pollutants," EPA proposed a preliminary list of
source categories for which MACT standards would be developed and regulations
governing compliance extensions for early reductions of hazardous air pollutants.
The Agency also began developing MACT standards to meet the two-year and four-
year deadlines. In addition, the Agency initiated a study of the deposition of
air toxics into the Great Lakes. In 1991 EPA promulgated emission standards
under section 111 for large municipal waste combustors and proposed standards for
municipal landfills. The Agency continued development of the final new NSPSs for
two other source categories.
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STATE PROGRAM GUIDELINES AND AIR STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,631,600 supported by 116.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $7,956,300 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,675,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $453,500 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, a decrease of $35,600 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation and an increase of 4.7 in total workyears
from 1992. This program focuses on implementing requirements of the Clean Air
Act Amendments of 1990 for meeting National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQSs) and establishing state operating permit and fee programs.
In 1993 EPA will take final action to revise or reaffirm NAAQSs for lead
and sulfur dioxide. The Agency will develop revised "significant harm" levels
for sulfur dioxide and issue implementation guidance. The Agency will provide
benefits, health, and Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) support for Federal and
state rulemaking activities, including development of New Source Performance
Standards (NSPSs) and National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
(NESHAPs).
EPA will develop rules and provide states with the guidance, assistance,
and training needed to implement the SIP activities required by the new Clean Air
Act. The Agency will review and approve initial SIP submittals and, if
necessary, develop Federal rules and sanctions for disapproved SIPs. The Agency
will issue economic incentive rules, develop sanctions criteria, revise the list
of nonattainment areas based on new air quality data or changes to the NAAQSs,
and assist ozone transport and visibility commissions. The Agency will provide
states with the procedures, techniques, and assistance needed for determining
required emission reductions; developing market-based approaches for improving
air quality; evaluating and selecting alternative control measures; preparing
control strategy demonstrations; analyzing transport strategies in the Northeast;
implementing effective tracking mechanisms; and assisting in the identification,
adoption, and. implementation of non-traditional control measures that will
directly involve the public (e.g., transportation controls and consumer solvent
substitution). The Agency will review state plans for small business technical
assistance programs and approve or disapprove the submittals.
EPA will provide states with the guidance, assistance, and training to
implement new requirements for operating permits and fees. The Agency will
promulgate rules for issuing Federal operating permits in the absence of an
acceptable state program. The Agency also will provide guidance and
assistance to Regions and states for permitting new sources. The Agency will
issue rules to implement a variety of changes in the new Clean Air Act for the
new source review program.
EPA will complete-a report to Congress on the impact of the Clean Air Act
on visibility. The Agency will provide guidance on integration of sulfur control
programs (e.g., SIPs and acid rain). The Agency will also provide training to
states through short courses, self-study courses, videos, and workshops for
mplementing Clean Air Act requirements.
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1992 Program
In 1992 the Agency is allocating a total of $15,213,700 supported by
112.0 total workyears for this program, of which $7,502,800 is from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $7,710,900 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1992 EPA will issue the rules needed to implement new Clean Air Act
requirements for state operating permit and fee programs. The Agency will
provide states with guidance and other assistance needed to implement the rules,
including model permits, standardized application forms, fee recovery
requirements, and monitoring/reporting requirements. The Agency also will
propose rules for Federal operating permits.
The Agency will propose rules to implement a variety of changes to the new
source review program in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. The Agency will
also issue rules for Wisconsin Electric Power Company (WEPCO) and guidance for
best available control technology (BACT). The Agency will continue to provide
new source review guidance and assistance to Regions and states and support to
national litigation over current rules.
In 1992 EPA will complete review of the lead NAAQS and propose to revise
or reaffirm the standard. The Agency will repropose or promulgate revised or
reaffirmed NAAQSs for sulfur dioxide. The Agency also will complete the review
process for the criteria document for the carbon monoxide NAAQS. The Clean Air
Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC) will complete review of the staff paper.
EPA will develop the guidance and regulations needed to implement the SIP
activities under the new Clean Air Act. The guidance will include a "General
Preamble" providing information on approving SIPs, proposing economic incentive
rules and sanctions criteria, revising and issuing the list of nonattainment
areas, and establishing and assisting ozone and visibility transport commissions.
The Agency will develop procedures and techniques for determining required
emission reductions; evaluating and selecting alternative control measures;
preparing control strategy demonstrations; analyzing transport strategies in.the
Northeast; and identifying, adopting, and implementing nontraditional control
measures that will directly involve the public (e.g., transportation controls and
consumer solvent substitution). The Agency also will develop best available
control measure (BACM) and other PM-10 guidance on woodstoves, prescribed
burning, agricultural activities, fugitive source and nontraditional source
control measures (e.g., street cleaning), and secondary particle formation.
EPA will continue to administer a review process for SIPs submitted by
states. EPA will review and approve or disapprove the initial ozone SIP
submittals due by May 15, 1991. If necessary, the Agency will develop Federal
rules for disapproved SIPs. The Agency will continue to implement innovative
measures to reduce the backlog of SIP revisions and expedite processing,
including the operation of a computerized SIP tracking and information system.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991 EPA obligated a total of $12,613,800 supported by 108.0 total
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workyears to this program, of which $7,011,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,602,100- was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. In 1991 EPA gave highest priority to implementation of new Clean
Air Act requirements, including designation and classification of nonattainment
areas; preparation of draft guidance on developing SIPs for PM-10, sulfur
dioxide, lead, ozone, and carbon monoxide; proposal of operating permit and fee
rules; and development of draft guidance for state small business assistance
programs. The Agency also issued regulations to control a major source
contributing to visibility impairment in the Grand Canyon.
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AIR
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control & Fuel Economy
ACTUAL PRE5. ENACTED CURRENT ' REQUEST
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993
1992 1992
INCREASE +
DECREASE •
1993 VS 1992
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Mobile Source Program
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses
Emission Standards,
Technical Assessment &
Characterization
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Testing, Technical &
Administrative Support
Salaries t Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Emissions & Fuel
Economy Compliance
Salaries I Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$1,664.5 $1,622.6 $1,523.8 $2,869.9 $1,346.1
TOTAL $1,664.5 $1,622.6 $1,523.8 $2,869.9 $1,346.1
$7,418.4 $10,376.9 $9,919.6 $9,919.6 $11,161.4 $1,241.8
$12,458.2 $18,769.7 $21,768.5 $21,211.1 $17,423.7 -$3,787.4
TOTAL $19,876.6 $29,146.6 $31,688.1 $31,130.7 $28,585.1 -$2,545.6
$8,135.5 $6,775.1 $6,545.5 $6,555.5 $6,572.3 $16.8
$1,066.8 $2,600.2 $2,600.2 $2,600.2 $2,600.2
TOTAL $9,202.3 $9,375.3 $9,145.7 $9,155.7 $9,172.5 $16.8
$2,674.5 $3,209.3 $3,208.1 $3,208.1 $2,967.9 -$240.2
$104.0 $263.1 $263.1 $263.1 $263.1
TOTAL $2,778.5 $3,472.4 $3,471.2 $3,471.2 $3,231.0 -$240.2
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Mobile Source Air
Pollution Control t
Fuel Economy
$18,228.4 $22,025.8 $21,553.8 $21,207.0 $23,571.5 $2,364.5
$13,629.0 $21,633.0 $24,631.8 $24,074.4 $20,287.0 -$3,787.4
TOTAL $31,857.4 $43,658.8 $45,927.6 $45,281.4 $43,858.5 -SI.422.9
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Mobile Source Program
Implementation
Emission Standards,
Technical Assessment I
Characterization
Testing, Technical ft
Administrative Support
Emissions I Fuel
Economy Compliance
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
31.4
31.4
29.4
52.4
111.6
106.3
41.9
150.4 150.4 150.4 146.9
100.7 100.7 101.2 104.2
47.7
47.7
47.7
47.7
259.8 330.2 330.2 328.7 351.2
23.0
-3.5
3.0
22.5
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TOTAL UOAKYEARS
Mobile Source Program 31.4 '31.4 31.0 52.4 21.4
Implementation
Emission Standards, 122-1 150.4 1S0.4 ISO.4 146.9 -3.5
Technical Assessment &
Characterization
Testing, Technical & 110.7 100.7 100.7 101.2 104.2 3.0
Achrinistrative Support
Emissions i Fuel 46.5 47.7 47.7 47.7 47.7
Economy Compliance
TOTAL WORKYEARS 279.3 330.2 330.2 330.3 351.2 20.9
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AIR
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control and Fuel Economy
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $43,858,500 supported by 351.2 total work
years for 1993, an decrease of $1,422,900 and an increase of 20.9 total workyears
from 1992. Of the request, $23,571,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $20,287,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,364,500 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and an decrease of $3,787,400 in the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
In 1993 the Agency expects to collect $9,600,000 in fees from the mobile
source program, including Fuel Economy Certification and Recall.
MOBILE SOURCE PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,869,900 supported by 52.4 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,346,100 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, and an increase of 21.4 total workyears. The increases
will continue and expand support to the operation of the mobile source-related
support program within each of the Agency's ten Regional offices.
The Regional program will continue to provide policy guidance and technical
support to states developing and implementing motor vehicle inspection and
maintenance programs as part of their state implementation plans. The program
also will continue to provide guidance in the preparation of mobile source
emissions inventories, development of transportation control measures, and the
making of conformity determinations. In addition, the program will provide
initial support to states considering opting into other programs mandated by the
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, including the clean fuel fleet programs. The
Regions will continue to review program proposals and implementation plans and
provide appropriate guidance, including support to those states that will be
opting in to the California low emission vehicle (LEV) program. Additionally,
increases will support the focus placed on local implementation of the many
complex programs required to reduce emission from motor vehicles, including on-
board diagnostics and the certification short test. Approximately 50 new areas
will have to implement I/M, 47 areas will have to enhance existing programs to
make them more high technology-based, 50 areas will have to significantly modify
their program, 40 areas will require oxygenated fuels programs, and 20 will have
clean "fuel fleet programs. The Regions will continue to audit individual state
programs and make determinations as to consistency with implementation plans and
program effectiveness. In order to ensure that the emissions benefits potential
of these programs is achieved, the Regions will support improved vehicle
maintenance programs of the states, including support in the development of
market-based incentives for improved maintenance practices.
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1992 Program Request
The Agency is allocating a total of $1,523,800 supported by 31.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
The Regional program.will continue to provide policy guidance and technical
support to states developing and implementing motor vehicle I/M programs as part
of their state implementation plans. They will continue to provide guidance in
the development of mobile source emissions inventories, transportation control
measures, and conformity determinations. They also will continue to support the
states in the development and implementation of other programs mandated by the
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, including the oxygenated fuels and clean fuel
fleet programs. The Regions will continue to review program proposals and
implementation plans and provide appropriate guidance. The Regions will continue
to audit individual state programs and make determinations as to consistency with
implementation plans and program effectiveness.
EMISSION STANDARDS. TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $28,585,100 supported by 146.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $11,161,400 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $17,423,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents a increase of $1,241,800 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, a decrease of $3,787,400 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, and an decrease of 3.5 total workyears.
The AC&C decrease reflects the completion of a large number of rules in 1992 and
the elimination of funding for a one time equipment purchase in 1992.
In 1993 the mobile source program will shift focus from standards
development to assessing the effect of emission controls on ozone precursors and
air toxics (e.g., reformulated gasoline, unregulated pollutants, and hydrocarbon
reactivity from clean fuels) as recommended by the National Academy of Sciences
study on ozone control. EPA will continue regulatory work with the revision of
motor vehicle and fuel standards that are already in place. The Agency will
continue developing test protocols to assess the emission impact of new fuels and
fuel additives prior to registration and the final rule will be promulgated. As
a follow-on to the mobile source air toxics study, required by the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990 and published in 1992, EPA will develop emission control
strategies for those air toxics from mobile sources that warrant control. The
Agency will also continue work on developing emission control regulations for
non-road engines.
The emission factor program will continue its efforts to improve the
availability of data on the contributions of mobile sources to air quality
problems by focusing work on assessing the potential impact of new clean vehicles
and fuels. This program will collect data from in-use vehicles to assess the
impact on emissions from using oxygenated fuels and other fuels that have been
reformulated to be less polluting. The program will collect emissions data from
in-use vehicles representing the new technologies required to meet the more
j^tringent emission standards mandated by the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.
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The Agency will continue testing to quantify further the emissions from vehicle
running losses and evaporative hydrocarbon control failures and the effects of
improved control. The Agency will also test the extent to which light-duty truck
controls last the full useful life of the vehicle and new technology developed
for heavy-duty vehicles reduce emissions.
EPA will develop technical guidelines for the clean fuel programs (e.g.,
reformulated gasoline, fuels and fuel additives, oxygenated and other fuels, and
the California Pilot program) at the state and local level. The Agency will also
continue to provide technical support to states and local agencies in the
implementation of high technology-based inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs
and of state and local clean fuels/vehicles fleet programs, including the
development of market incentives to provide economically efficient ways to
implement the requirements of the new Clean Air Act. Emissions benefits from
these programs will depend largely on the effectiveness of their implementation.
In addition, the Agency will conduct a total of 30 audits of state and local I/M
programs.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $31,130,700 supported by 150.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $9,919,600 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $21,211,100 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. These resources support the implementation of the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990.
In 1992 the mobile source standards program will continue to emphasize
control of ozone precursors and air toxics (e.g., reformulated gasoline,
assessing unregulated pollutants, and characterizing hydrocarbon reactivity from
clean fuels). As a result of regulatory development work on clean fuels, EPA
will promulgate clean fuel vehicle credit programs (for fleets and California
Programs). The Agency will also propose clean fuel vehicle standards. The
emission factor program will focus on emissions from in-use vehicles using
oxygenated fuels, variables related to non-Federal test procedure conditions, and
new technology heavy-duty engines. In addition, the Agency will publish a study
of emissions from non-road vehicles, showing that these sources account for 18
percent of the existing inventories of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). Upon completion of the study, EPA will publish a regulatory
determination of the significance of non-road emissions contributions to air
quality and promulgate emission control regulations for designated non-road
engines where necessary. The Agency will continue to assess the emissions
performance of the in-use fleet for updating the Mobile model used by state and
local agencies to calculate emissions. EPA will also complete regulations
requiring that all gasoline sold in the nine worst ozone nonattainment areas be
reformulated to be less polluting and will publish the final rule for the
oxygenated fuel program. Additionally, the Agency will promulgate emissions
standards for motor vehicles fueled with Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and
Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG). These rules were developed to supplement
established standards for methanol-fueled vehicles. The Agency will complete the
study of air toxics related to mobile sources to determine if additional emission
standards for non-criteria pollutants are needed. Rules will be promulgated to
control excess evaporative emissions from motor vehicles (running losses) . Work
will continue on developing test protocols to assess the emission impact of new
fuels and fuel additives prior to registration.
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Support to implement and review state implementation plans will continue
with emphasis on I/M programs for in-use vehicles. Technical support will be
provided to state and local jurisdictions enhancing existing programs
(approximately 47 programs in serious or worse ozone nonattainment areas) or
developing new programs (approximately 50 new basic programs in moderate ozone
nonattainment areas). In addition, a regular program of I/M program audits will
continue.
CONGRESSIONAL ADDS FOR 1992
Congress has provided $3 million in 1992 for the purchase of a heavy-duty
engine dynamometer, a grant to the National High Altitude Heavy-Duty Engine
Research and Technology Center, and an alternative fuel vehicle training program.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991 the Agency obligated a total of $19,876,600 supported by 122.1
total workyears for this program, of which $7,418,400 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $12,458,200 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1991 EPA began work on clean fuels resulting in proposals of clean fuel
vehicle credit programs (for fleets and California Programs) and standards for
vehicles fueled by CNG. The Tier I tailpipe final rule was published. Work
began on a study of air toxics related to mobile sources. Proposed rules to
control excess evaporative emissions from motor vehicles were published (running
losses). The transportation control measures guidance was published.
EPA conducted 1,810 tests of in-use vehicles to develop emission factors.
Support to the development of state implementation plans continued with emphasis
on inspection and maintenance programs for in-use vehicles. In addition, five
audits and follow-ups of state and local inspection and maintenance programs were
completed. Work began to develop guidance for basic inspection and maintenance
and enhanced inspection and maintenance programs. EPA also proposed regulations
requiring that all gasoline sold in the nine worst ozone nonattainment areas be
reformulated to be less polluting. A proposed rule for the oxygenated fuel
program was published.
TESTING. TECHNICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,172,500 supported by 104.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $6,572,300 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,600,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $16,800 in the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation, no change in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, and an increase of 3.0 total workyears. The increases will
support implementation of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.
In 1993 this program will continue to provide testing, technical, and
administrative support to the operating programs of the Office of Mobile Sources.
Planning for the implementation of new test procedures resulting from setting the
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standards mandated by the new Clean Air Act will continue. Testing will increase
on in-use vehicles in support of the emissions factors and recall programs.
Approximately 2,400 in-use .tests will .be performed. An additional 1,400
certification and fuel economy tests will be performed at the Motor Vehicles
Emissions Laboratory (MVEL) to support the compliance program as it addresses the
new standards that vehicles must meet starting in 1993. Testing and analysis
of fuel samples collected for enforcement purposes (including volatility and
oxygenate control) will continue. In addition, testing will be performed on new
and in-use heavy-duty engines to support the implementation and enforcement of
the standards for these engines.
General activities will continue to provide support for: automated data
processing (ADP) timesharing services, local area networks (LANs), laboratory
data acquisition, and computer operations; testing of motor vehicles to measure
emissions and fuel economy; quality assurance and control and correlation
services for EPA and industry testing programs; maintenance and engineering
design of emission testing equipment; and personnel, safety, administrative,
environmental compliance, and facilities support services.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $9,155,700 supported by 101.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $6,555,500 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,600,200 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This will support the implementation of the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990.
This program will continue to provide testing, technical, and
administrative support to recall, tampering/fuel switching, standard setting,
emissions characterization, technology assessment, clean fuels/vehicles, fuel
economy, in-use vehicle emissions assessment, certification, and
inspection/maintenance. Planning for the implementation of new test procedures
required by the Clean Air Act will be undertaken. Routine testing and analysis
of approximately 10,000 fuel samples for enforcing fuels regulations will be
performed in response to the fuel volatility enforcement program and the concern
for gasoline and diesel fuel quality. Approximately 2,000 in-use assessment
tests and approximately 1,000 certification and fuel economy tests will be
performed at the MVEL. Tests on new and in-use heavy-duty engines will continue
to be conducted to support the implementation and enforcement of the standards
for these engines.
The support will also continue to provide: ADP timesharing services,
laboratory data acquisition, LANs, and computer operations; quality assurance and
control and correlation services for EPA and industry testing programs;
maintenance and engineering design of emission testing equipment; environmental
compliance, and facilities support services.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991 the Agency obligated a total of $9,202,300 supported by 110.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $8,135,500 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,066,800 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
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The 1991 program focused on increasing the efficiency of the testing,
technical, and administrative support operations while maintaining or expanding
the quality and quantity of outputs. Testing activities supported at the MVEL
ranged from performing standard, well-established' engineering tests, to the
development and performance of new test procedures to accommodate new program
needs or changing technology.
Testing support to the certification, fuel economy, and in-use compliance
and assessment programs produced 2,722 tests. Routine testing and analysis of
3,002 fuel samples collected in the field were completed to continue enforcement
of fuels regulations for volatility and contaminants. Correlation programs to
maintain equivalent test procedures between manufacturers and EPA continued.
Test equipment maintenance, calibration, and repair services were provided. The
adequacy of existing procedures and equipment to test newer technology vehicles
was evaluated. When necessary, new equipment and procedures were designed. In
addition, personnel, facility support services, safety, ADP (a large LAN was
established at the MVEL), and administrative management functions continue to be
provided at the MVEL.
EMISSIONS AND FUEL ECONOMY COMPLIANCE
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,231,000 supported by 47.7 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,967,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $263,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $240,200 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, no change in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, and no change in total workyears.
The emissions certification program will continue to assess the validity
of applications for certification of original equipment manufacturers of
light-duty vehicles, heavy-duty engines, and motorcycles. Participation in the
certification program by importers reselling vehicles is expected to continue.
In 1993 the program will increase its effort to support the recertification of
the fleet under the new Tier I standards, in addition to increasing technical
support to the industry, the EPA Regions, and state and local jurisdictions on
many of the new programs (e.g., on-board diagnostics and certification short
test) promulgated under the new Clean Air Act. Work will continue on the
assessment of non-Federal test procedure (FTP) emissions to determine whether
modifications to the test procedure are warranted.
The program will continue to support the development of technical guidance
for implementing programs mandated by the on-board diagnostic rule and the
incorporation of an I/M short test into the FTP. Initial implementation of the
mobile sources fees program will result in estimated collections of approximately
$10.5 million in fees associated with the issuance of certificates of conformity
for motor vehicles and engines.
The statutory fuel economy information program will continue to produce
labels, Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) calculations, and data for the Gas
Mileage Guide, in accordance with the revised CAFE and fuel economy labeling
requirements. EPA will continue work on revisions to light-duty durability
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procedures. Work will also continue on suspected problems with manufacturers'
alleged use of defeat devices.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $3,471,200 supported by 47.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,208,100 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $263,100 is from the Abatement, Control and. Compliance
appropriation. These resources support implementation of the Clean Air Act
Amendment of 1990.
The emissions certification program will continue to oversee original
equipment manufacturers and issue certificates of compliance for light-duty
vehicles, heavy-duty engines, and motorcycles. Participation in the
certification program by importers reselling vehicles is expected to continue at
a stabilized level.
In 1992 the in-use assessment program will continue work on the FTP to
determine if the driving cycles and test parameters remain representative of in-
use conditions. A study will be published. In addition, rules to incorporate
into the FTP an inspection and maintenance short test cycle to improve the
effectiveness of inspection and maintenance programs will be promulgated. New
standards for carbon monoxide emissions in cold ambient conditions will be
promulgated along with initial requirements for on-board diagnostic systems. The
rule to implement the mobile source fees program will be promulgated and $4.1
million in fees will be collected.
The statutory fuel economy information program will continue to produce
labels, CAFE calculations, and data for the Gas Mileage Guide, in accordance with
the revised CAFE and fuel economy labeling requirements. EPA will propose
revisions to light-duty durability procedures. Revisions will include
improvements to the current mileage accumulation cycle and provisions for
alternative accelerated durability procedures.
1991 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $2,778,500 supported by 46.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,674,500 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $104,000 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1991 the in-use assessment program focused on the effectiveness of on-
board diagnostic systems in identifying component failure. Proposed rules to
standardize such systems were published. Work continued on suspected problems
with manufacturers' use of defeat devices. A study was begun to assess the
validity of the FTP. In addition, proposed rules to implement into the FTP an
inspection and maintenance short test cycle to improve the effectiveness of
inspection and maintenance programs were published. Proposed rules to implement
the mobile source fees program were published.
The emissions certification program assessed the validity of applications
for certification of 100 original equipment manufacturers of light-duty vehicles,
heavy-duty engines, and motorcycles. Reforms implemented during the last several
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years, including abbreviation of certification procedures, revision of the
application format, and computerization of much of the data communication between
EPA and manufacturers has eased EPA's .workload and reduced the burden on
manufacturers. Participation in the certification -program by independent
commercial importers (ICIs) has stabilized. EPA issued 11 certificates of
conformity to ICIs. Certification engineering review continued to deter the
production of vehicle designs incapable of meeting emission standards.
The statutory fuel economy information program was carried out, with 1,248
labels, 24 Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) calculations, and data for the
Gas Mileage Guide. Revised CAFE and fuel economy labeling rules required by the
Alternative Motor Fuels Act (AMFA) were proposed. Guidance was provided to
manufacturers on implementing the changes required by these revisions.
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AIR
State Programs Resource Assistance
ACTUAL • PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE • 1993 DECREASE •
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Control Agency Resource
Supplementation
Abatement Control and $137,738.4 $162,700.0 $164,774.9 $164,774.9 $174,550.0 $9,775.1
Compliance
TOTAL $137,738.4 $162,700.0 $164,774.9 $164,774.9 $174,550.0 $9,775.1
Training
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
$285.3
$285.3
$269.1
$269.1
$269.0
$269.0
$269.0
$269.0
-$269.0
-$269.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$285.3 $269.1 $269.0 $269.0 -$269.0
$137,738.4 $162,700.0 $164,774.9 $164,774.9 $174,550.0 $9,775.1
State Programs TOTAL $138,023.7 $162,969.1 $165,043.9 $165,043.9 $174,550.0 $9,506.1
Resource Assistance
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Training
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
4.3
4.3
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
-4.0
-4.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Training
TOTAL UORKYEARS
4.3
4.3
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
-4.0
-4.0
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AIR
State Programs Resource Assistance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $174,550,000 supported by no workyears for
1993, an increase of $9,506,100 and a decrease of 4.0 workyears from 1992. Of
the request, $174,550,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents a decrease in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation of $269,000 and an increase of $9,775,100 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation. The Salaries and Expenses decrease
reflects the transfer of the Training function to the State Program Guidelines
and Air Standards Development PE.
CONTROL AGENCY RESOURCE SUPPLEMENTATION
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $174,550,000 all of which will be for the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of
$9,775,100 which will support implementation of new or expanded Clean Air Act
requirements for operating permit programs, mobile source controls, small
business technical assistance, early reductions activities, market-based
approaches, phase-out of chlorofluorocarbons, and enhanced ozone monitoring
networks.
In 1993 the state and local agencies will continue to play a primary role
in implementing the new Clean Air Act amendments. The agencies will continue
efforts to attain the ozone and carbon monoxide NAAQSs, giving priority to
completing and submitting revised SIPs with attainment demonstrations. The
agencies will develop and submit SIP revisions to account for 15 percent
reductions in volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The agencies will also continue
to develop projected attainment year inventories and develop and implement
programs to track reasonable further progress (RFP) and to provide for the annual
reporting of emission statements by source operators.
State and local agencies will focus on implementation of regulations for
both stationary and mobile sources. These include inspection and compliance
activities for Class A and Class B VOC sources and nitrogen oxides sources.
Upgrading and replacing ozone and carbon monoxide monitoring networks will
continue. Activities in the Northeast resulting from establishment of the
Northeast Transport Commission and the follow-on efforts of the regional ozone
modeling efforts (ROMNET) will continue. Programs for enhanced ozone sampling
and for long-term sampling of ozone precursors will be implemented. State and
local agencies will continue to implement programs for assessing and reducing
exposure to air toxics. Efforts associated with the air toxics early reduction
program will expand including the review and processing of permit applications
from candidate sources. PM-10 SIP development activities will continue for areas
designated as "serious" nonattainment areas and for newly designated
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nonattainment areas. Quality assurance and quality control efforts relating to
emissions inventories for ozone, carbon monoxide, and PM-10 will continue.
State and local agencies will continue to develop operating permit program
requirements for major sources of criteria pollutants and air toxics. Operating
permit program activities will be expanded to provide for development of
approvable interim permit programs and outreach and training programs. Acid rain
program development will also continue. States will continue to operate sulfur
dioxide and PM-10 monitoring networks and inspect major sulfur dioxide and PM-10
sources. State prevention of significant deterioration and new source review
programs will also continue as well as continued support for Indian tribes.
Support will continue for visibility monitoring in Class I areas and for the
Grand Canyon Visibility Commission . Support will also continue for upgrading
existing air pollution control training courses and developing new courses
addressing the new Clean Air Act needs and requirements. Studies and control
strategy planning will be expanded to further address the U.S.-Mexico border air
quality problem. New efforts are added at the state level to provide for staff
training, inspection, and outreach to address stratospheric ozone depletion.
States and selected local agencies will initiate new programs to provide
technical assistance and guidance to small manufacturing and business
establishments that may be affected by the requirements of the new Clean Air Act.
1992 Program
In 1992 the Agency is allocating a total of $164,774,900 all of which is
from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1992 the control agency support program is focused on implementation of
the requirements contained in the new Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. A
principal portion of this effort is the development and implementation of
strategies to attain NAAQSs for ozone and carbon monoxide. The preparation and
updating of base year emissions inventories in ozone and carbon monoxide
nonattainment areas will continue with emphasis on expanding the inventories to
include small point sources and source category tracking requirements. Efforts
to develop projection year inventories are continuing. Activities by the states
to adopt and implement additional stationary and mobile source control programs
will continue in 1992. States will also continue their efforts in evaluating the
effectiveness of current VOC control programs in order to better account for the
overall reductions in emissions. The Northeast Transport Commission is being
established to oversee and coordinate efforts to further identify transport and
assess control options for the northeast areas. Efforts continue to upgrade and
expand the ambient monitoring networks for ozone and carbon monoxide. Design and
planning for the enhanced ozone/precursor networks will be initiated. Efforts
to expand the inspection and improve compliance of Class A and B VOC sources are
continuing.
State and local agencies are continuing to develop and maintain programs
for assessing and reducing exposure to air toxics and developing strategies for
achieving both near-term and long-term air toxic reductions. States are being
encouraged to develop market based incentive programs to aid in compliance
efforts associated with smaller toxic point and area sources. States are also
continuing to develop and revise their air toxics programs to implement the
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hazardous air pollutant provisions of the Clean Air Act amendments. Development
and implementation of the air toxics -early reduction program continues.
Inspection and compliance activities associated -with sources of hazardous
emissions are being expanded. Initial efforts to establish an urban air
monitoring network will occur in 1992. Development of state operating permit
programs continue to be emphasized.
States are preparing and submitting required SIPs for areas designated as
nonattainmenc for PM-10. In addition, states are updating and performing quality
assurance reviews of emissions inventories associated with these SIPs. Efforts
continue by the states to achieve and maintain the NAAQS for lead through
coordinated activities that address source inspections, monitoring, and SIP
planning. States continue to expand staff capabilities to better coordinate acid
rain activities with EPA and are providing review and verification of utility
data. States continue to operate sulfur dioxide and PM-10 monitoring networks
and inspect major sulfur dioxide and PM-10 sources. State prevention of
significant deterioration and new source review programs are also continuing.
Support for Indian tribes is increased to allow for identification and assessment
of air quality problems on Indian lands.
Increased support is provided for expanding visibility monitoring in both
the northeast and western Class I areas. The Grand Canyon Visibility Commission
is being established to coordinate efforts by those affected states to address
visibility problems in the Grand Canyon. Resources are directed specifically to
assessing the air quality problems associated with the U.S.-Mexico border and to
the development of control strategies to address these problems. Support
continues for the upgrading of existing air pollution training courses and the
development of new courses addressing the needs and requirements in the new Clean
Air Act amendments.
Congressional Directives. A total of $2,074,900 is being provided for
three special projects: Northeast interstate nonattainment and visibility
problems, the South Coast Air Quality Management District's alternative fuels
options demonstration project, and a small business technical assistance program.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991 the Agency obligated a total of $137,738,400 all of which was from
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1991 the control agency support program principally addressed the
implementation of the requirements contained in the Clean Air Act Amendments of
1990. States validated and refined air quality data needed to define
nonattainment areas for ozone, carbon monoxide, PM-10, and sulfur dioxide. The
classification of these areas as nonattainment invoked a number of planning and
control requirements that will result in most all states revising their SIPs to
demonstrate attainment of the NAAQSs by the applicable deadlines. Efforts to
correct and modify existing VOC reasonably available control technology (RACT)
regulations was a major activity in 1991. Efforts to expand the inspection and
improve the compliance of Class A and B VOC sources in nonattainment areas
continued. States developed draft year-of-enactment inventories for all point
sources and initiated work on area and mobile source inventories for all ozone
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and carbon monoxide nonattainment areas. States began adopting and implementing
additional mobile source control programs, including enhanced vehicle inspection
and maintenance programs, and regulations addressing gasoline vapor recovery
systems and oxygenated fuel requirements. States also continued to analyze the
effectiveness of current VOC control programs in order to correct these programs
as necessary. Follow-on efforts within the Northeast to apply the regional ozone
model to identify transport and assess control options over large areas
continued. Major efforts were initiated to develop other data bases needed for
attainment demonstration modeling such as non-methane organic compound (NMOC)
data. Efforts to develop projection year inventories were begun during 1991.
State and local agencies initiated activities to develop and adopt new
operating permit program requirements. States also continued various elements
of their multi-year plans for building and implementing programs for assessing
and reducing exposure to air toxics and reviewed their program capabilities to
implement new toxic program requirements. States developed required SIP
revisions and inventories for those areas designated nonattainment for PM-10 and
sulfur dioxide. In addition, states performed necessary analyses and prepared
SIP revisions to meet the NAAQS for lead where nonattainraent problems had been
identified. States also verified emission inventory data for power plants and
utility boilers to meet acid deposition program requirements.
Ambient monitoring efforts were expanded for enhanced monitoring sites for
ozone, carbon monoxide, and PM-10 were begun. Additionally, states began a
multi-year effort to replace obsolete and worn-out monitors. The establishment
of additional continuous monitoring sites for ozone precursors such as non-
methane organic compounds and nitrogen dioxide were developed. States continued
to operate sulfur dioxide monitoring networks and inspect major sulfur dioxide
sources. State prevention of significant deterioration and new source review
programs also continued.
States carried out inspection and source monitoring programs for assuring
initial and continuous compliance by all major stationary sources, including
timely and appropriate responses to violations. Emphasis continued on
identifying contractors that violate the asbestos demolition and renovation
regulations and the taking of appropriate follow-up action. In addition, states
continued to fully operate and monitor the quality of the national and
state/local air monitoring networks and to assume responsibility for newly
promulgated NSPSs and NESHAPs.
Congressional Directives. A total of $575,000 was provided for four
special projects: Northeast interstate nonattainment and visibility problems,
Sacramento air quality modeling study, the South Coast Air Quality Management
District's alternative fuels options demonstration project and the high altitude
testing laboratory in Denver, Colorado.
TRAINING
1993 Program Request
The Agency request for this program is included under State Program
Guidelines and Air Standards Development.
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1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $269/000 supported by 4.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. .
In 1992 the Agency is managing its program of training persons involved in
air pollution control at the state and local level. The program is developing,
updating, and revising short courses to address the Clean Air Act Amendments of
1990. In addition, self-instructional training is being provided to persons
involved in abatement and air pollution control at the state/local level.
Technical support is being provided to states and Regions which provide funding
for planning specialty workshops and training courses.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991 the Agency obligated a total of $285,300 supported by 4.3 total
workyears to this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
In 1991 the Agency managed the development, revision, and delivery of short
courses and self-instructional materials with major emphasis on the development
of training courses in the areas of PM-10, ozone and carbon monoxide, and
permitting. The Agency also provided technical support to states and Regions
planning workshops and training courses. In addition, existing courses were
updated as a result of regulatory change.
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AIR
Air Quality Management Implementation
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT • REQUEST INCREASE *
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Air Quality Management
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses $15.409.5 $19,518.3 $18,571.7 $18,177.0 $21,590.3 $3,413.3
Abatement Control and $4,113.0 S322.9 $922.9 $919.5 $322.9 -$596.6
Compliance
TOTAL $19,522.5 $19,841.2 $19,494.6 $19,096.5 $21,913.2 $2,816.7
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $15,409.5 $19,518.3 $18,571.7 $18,177.0 $21,590.3 $3,413.3
Abatement Control and $4,113.0 $322.9 $922.9 $919.5 $322.9 -$596.6
Compliance
Air Quality Management TOTAL $19,522.5 $19,841.2 $19,494.6 $19,096.5 $21,913.2 $2,816.7
Implementation
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Air Quality Management 287.3 368.2 368.2 353.1 394.2 41.1
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 287.3 368.2 368.2 353.1 394.2 41.1
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Air Quality Management 302.8 368.2 368.2 363.1 394.2 31.1
Implementation
TOTAL UORKYEARS 302.8 368.2 368.2 363.1 394.2 31.1
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AIR .
Air Quality Management Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $21,913,200 supported by 394.2 total
workyears for 1993, an increase of $2,816,700 and 31.1 total workyears from 1992.
Of the request, $21,590,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $322,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation of
$3,413,300 and a decrease in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation
of $596,600.
AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $21,913,200 supported by 394.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $21,590,300 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses Appropriation and $322,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance Appropriation. This represents an increase of $3,413,300 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a decrease of $596,600 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance Appropriation. The increase of 31.1 total workyears will
support implementation of new or expanded Clean Air Act requirements particularly
in the areas of air toxics, permit programs, small business technical assistance,
Mexico Border activities, and sulfur dioxide SIP development. The Abatement,
Control and Compliance decrease reflects the deletion of the Baton Rouge/New
Orleans corridor air pollution study.
In 1993 the Regional air quality management program will continue to focus
on providing assistance to the states in developing ozone/carbon monoxide SIPs
to implement the many requirements of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.
These requirements include developing and adopting reasonably available control
technology (RACT) regulations for newly designated nonattainment areas,
completing the correction to RACT regulations in existing nonattainment areas,
completing base year emission inventories to reflect 1990 emissions and expanding
inventories to include additional sources based upon the requirements stipulated
by the area's classification (i.e. moderate, serious, severe or extreme). The
Regions will oversee the development of data bases and control strategies needed
to demonstrate attainment and the development of SIP revisions and state programs
for the reporting of annual emission statements by operators of sources of
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides. During 1993 the Regions
will also perform detailed reviews of base year inventories, continue expanded
programs to quality assure critical inventory components, and review state
submitted regulatory changes for approvability.
Regional Offices will also provide assistance and guidance to states in
developing processes and methods to allow for the periodic updating (every three
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years) of emissions inventory data for ozone, carbon monoxide, and size-specific
p'articulate matter (PM-10). In order to provide the capability to track actual
emissions reductions and to verify the states' reasonable further progress (RFP)
requirements, efforts will be directed at development and implementation of RFP
tracking systems.
Requirements for PM-10 will be extended to a number of new areas that will
require guidance and technical assistance in developing their control strategies
to meet the requirements of the new Clean Air Act. Assistance will be provided
to state and local agencies in developing regulations to implement reasonably
available control measures (RACMs) for PM-10 sources.
Regions will expand efforts to help states to remove sulfur dioxide SIP
deficiencies in order to provide a compliance base for sources applying for
operating permits under the soon to be implemented permit programs.
Under the permit programs, states must establish operating permit program
requirements for all major stationary sources. Regional Offices will be required
to provide assistance and guidance to states as they develop and implement
operating permit programs. Many states do not have sufficient legislative
authority to meet all the requirements of the operating permit program as defined
in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. Regional Offices will work with their
states to review legislative authorities and provide assistance in assuring state
law meets the legal requirements of the operating permit program. As permit
programs are developed by the states, and in some cases earlier than required,
Regional Offices will expand efforts to review the acceptability of interim
^ermit programs and source permits issued under such programs. Regional Offices
will also begin developing and implementing audit programs to oversee state
permitting activities.
During 1993 EPA Regions will begin to integrate the administration of
toxics and permits programs since operating permit program applies to sources of
air toxics as well as sources of the criteria pollutants. With an expanded
universe of sources to permit and provisions and stipulations in the Clean Air
Act that allow toxic sources to seek early reductions in emissions, Regional
Offices will provide expanded review of these toxic source requests and assess
alternate compliance programs for sources. Efforts will also be expanded in
support of an air toxic deposition study in the Great Lakes.
Regions will provide guidance and support to states in establishing small
business technical assistance programs. Efforts will also be initiated to assess
air quality and emissions along the U.S. - Mexico border and begin to develop
shared control strategy responsibilities.
1992 Program
In 1992 the Agency is allocating a total of $19,096,500 supported by 363.1
total workyears to this program, of which $18,177,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $919,500 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1992 Regions are involved in implementing the requirements of the Clean
Air Act Amendments of 1990. A primary focus of these requirements are to provide
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guidance and assistance to the states in implementing measures to achieve
attainment of the ozone, carbon monoxide; PM-10, sulfur dioxide and lead air
quality standards. Guidance and assistance is being provided to the states in
a number of areas including emissions inventory quality assurance and quality
control, correction of existing VOC stationary source regulations, and procedures
and techniques for determining required emission reductions. Additionally,
Regions are also providing assistance in evaluating and selecting control
measures, and preparing attainment demonstrations. State and local control
regulations are being reviewed for effectiveness.
SIPs will be reviewed and rulemaking initiated as they are submitted,
including VOC rule correction revisions and PM-10 SIPs for moderate nonattainment
areas. Regions continue to work closely with state control agencies regarding
emissions inventory management in order to provide quality assure guidance and
to ensure correction of identified deficiencies in their draft inventories prior
to their formal submission. Guidance is provided to states for VOC and PM-10
emissions inventories. Regions are providing assistance in refining base year
inventories, tracking RFP requirements and completing projection year
inventories. Follow-on activities regarding regional transport work in the
northeast continues along with the establishment of the Northeast Transport
Commission. Regions are providing guidance and assistance to States for the
development and submission of SIPs for PM-10 nonattainment areas designated as
"serious." Technical assistance and support is being provided to states and
local governments as they continue efforts to develop and implement operating
permit programs for both criteria pollutants and air toxics, including assistance
in reviewing existing state legal authorities. Regions will provide guidance and
oversight to states as they develop their early reduction toxic programs. Until
state permitting programs are in place, Regions will review and process early
reduction applications from toxic sources. State and local programs to control
air toxics under the new Act are being supported, as well as those efforts to
mitigate high-risk urban impacts. Efforts are being initiated this year to study
air toxic deposition in the Great Lakes. Assistance is also provided in revising
sulfur dioxide SIPs to ensure compliance with the integrated sulfur dioxide
program. A number of other ongoing air quality management activities will be
continued including review/oversight of the air grants process, providing support
to Indian tribes, support to litigation activities, and support to state new
source review and prevention of deterioration programs. As a result of
litigation, the need to develop Federal implementation plans (FIPs) for ozone and
PM-10 is expected to continue.
Congressional Directives. In 1992 a total of $600,000 is provided for a
multi-year study on high risk pollution in the Baton Rouge/New Orleans corridor
and for air quality studies of three areas along the U.S. - Mexico border.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991 the Agency obligated a total of $19,522,500 supported by 302.8
total workyears, of which $15,409,500 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,113,000 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
A major focus of the Regional air quality management program was
implementing the requirements of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. Regions
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provided detailed technical guidance and assistance to states as they began the
process of designating areas as nonattainm'ent for ozone, carbon monoxide, PM-10
and sulfur dioxide. The designation process required Regions to review state-
submitted air quality data and prepare Federal Register actions classifying the
various areas for which the states submitted air quality data. In addition,
Regions provided assistance in reviewing and quality assuring base year emissions
inventories for VOCs and carbon monoxide and provided support in developing
control strategies for meeting the attainment requirements stipulated in the new
act. The efforts to correct and improve existing VOC RACT regulations continued
in 1991. Regions reviewed existing state legislative authority for deficiencies
with regards to adopting and implementing source operating permit requirements
and provided guidance and direction to states in developing operating permit
programs.
Implementation of other air quality management programs included: (1)
providing guidance in the development of state-submitted SIP revisions for lead,
(2) assisting state and local agencies in reviewing early emission reduction
plans submitted by toxic sources, and (3) performing other functions such as
managing the air grants process, selective implementation of the National Air
Audit System, and assisting states in the implementation of the programs for
prevention of significant deterioration, including implementation of nitrogen
dioxide increment reviews and new source reviews.
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AIR
Trends Monitoring I Progress Assessment
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring
Salaries & Expenses $4,096.7 $4,786.8 $4,648.7 $4,407.2 $5,219.6 $812.4
Abatement Control and $164.0 $122.8 $122.8 $121.7 $122.8 $1.1
CovnpL iftnce
TOTAL $4,260.7 $4,909.6 $4,771.5 $4,528.9 $5,342.4 S813.5
Air Quality & Emissions
Data Management &
Analysis
Salaries & Expenses $6,083.0 $7,690.1 $7,501.0 $7,391.8 $7,895.0 $503.2
Abatement Control and $13,181.0 $23.969.4 $24,669.4 $24,145.3 $25,978.4 $1,833.1
Compliance
TOTAL $19,264.0 $31,659.5 $32,170.4 $31,537.1 $33,873.4 $2,336.3
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $10.179.7 $12.476.9 $12.149.7 $11,799.0 $13.114.6 $1,315.6
Abatement Control and $13,345.0 $24,092.2 $24,792.2 $24,267.0 $26,101.2 $1,834.2
Compliance
Trends Monitoring & TOTAL $23,524.7 $36,569.1 $36,941.9 $36,066.0 $39,215.8 $3.149.8
Progress Assessment
PERMANENT WORICYEARS
Ambient Air Quality 74.8 90.3 90.3 85.8 95.3 9.5
Monitoring
Air Quality & Emissions 92.7 114.3 114.3 112.1 115.8 3.7
Data Management &
Analysis
TOTAL PERMANENT WOftKYEARS 167.5 204.6 204.6 197.9 211.1 13.2
TOTAL WORICYEARS
Ambient Air Quality 80.6 90.3 90.3 90.0 95.3 5.3
Monitoring
Air Quality & Emissions 95.6 114.3 114.3 112.1 115.8 3.7
Data Management I
Analysis
TOTAL WORICYEARS 176.2 204.6 204.6 202.1 211.1 9.0
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AIR
Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $39,215,800 supported by 211.1 total
workyears for 1993, an increase of $3,149,800 and 9.0 total workyears from 1992.
Of the request, $13,114,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $26,102,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation of
$1,315,600 and an increase of $1,834,200 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,342,400 supported by 95.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $5,219,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
Appropriation and $122,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
Appropriation. This represents an increase of $812,400 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and an increase of $1,100 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance Appropriation. The increase of 5.3 total workyears will support
expanded efforts to oversee the establishment and operation of enhanced
monitoring networks for ozone and ozone precursors required by section 182 of
the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.
In 1993 the ten EPA Regional Offices will continue overview and management
of state air monitoring programs including grants review, coordination of
emission and air quality data bases, and validation of data from the National Air
Monitoring System (NAMS) and the State and Local Air Monitoring System (SLAMS)
data base. Data analyses including air quality trend information will be
developed as input to the Regional Trend Reports.
In the area of quality assurance, significant resources will be used for
on-site systems audits of state networks and monitors. In addition, the Regional
laboratories will continue to participate in the national air audit program.
Size-specific particulate matter (PM-10) monitors established or moved during
1992 will require review and site visits to verify compliance with EPA air
monitoring regulations. Reviews of PM-10 ambient data and sampling frequency
will be performed and will include data critical to classification determinations
and identification of possible control strategies. Field support will be
provided to a multi-year initiative to improve the factors and models used in
estimating the impact on PM-10 air quality from emissions at surface coal mines.
The Regions will continue to provide quality assurance support to Indian tribal
units and to assist in developing ambient monitoring programs.
Technical oversight and support will be provided to state and local
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programs in refining and validating data bases needed to prepare state
implementation plans (SIPs) for 98 ozone 'areas and 42 carbon monoxide areas.
Support to the upgrading of the ambient networks for'these areas will be expanded
with special emphasis on planning and implementing enhancements to ozone and
precursor networks in areas classified as "serious," "severe" and "extreme."
Efforts for 1993 will focus on assisting state and local agencies in establishing
the initial sites, providing consultation on the acquisition and operation of
state-of-the-art equipment for sampling volatile organic compounds and assistance
in developing quality assurance protocols.
The Agency's toxic monitoring program will continue with support to pilot
programs for organics, support to other state and local sampling on methods,
siting and quality assurance, and support to control agencies in evaluating the
impact of specific toxic emission sources and refining toxic emission data bases.
Support will also be given to new Agency efforts to establish ambient toxics
sampling in the vicinity of the Great Lakes and other major boundary waters. To
address key requirements of section 815 of the 1990 Amendments, the Regions will
support ambient sampling programs along the U.S. - Mexico border. Support will
be provided in four border areas and will focus on network planning, program
oversight, and providing guidance to Mexican environmental staff.
1992 Program
In 1992 the Agency is allocating a total of $4,528,900 supported by 90.0
total workyears for this program, of which $4,407,200 will be for the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $121,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1992 the ten EPA Regional Offices will continue overview and management
of state air monitoring programs including grants review, coordination of
emission and air quality data bases, and validation of data from the NAMS and
SLAMS data base. Data analyses including air quality trend information will be
developed as input to the Regional Trend Reports.
In the area of quality assurance, significant resources will be used for
on-site systems audits of state networks and monitors. In addition, the Regional
laboratories will continue to participate in the national air audit program. PM-
10 monitors established or moved during 1991 will require review and site visits
to verify compliance with EPA air monitoring regulations. Reviews of PM-10
ambient data and sampling frequency will be performed and will include data
critical to classification determinations and identification of possible control
strategies.
During 1992 the Regional Offices will coordinate the establishment of a
toxic pilot program for organic species in ten cities. Initially, the organics
collected at these sites will only be analyzed for toxic species. In 1993 these
sites will become part of the enhanced ozone/precursor network. Resources will
also be used to provide monitoring/quality assurance support and technical
assistance to states in evaluating the source impact of specific toxic air pol-
lutants from sources considered for regulation under state control programs.
Support for state and local toxics efforts in urban areas will continue with
management, coordination, and technical assistance provided to complete or refine
toxics emission data bases and to improve state and local ambient monitoring
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capabilities.
Technical oversight and support will be provided to state/local programs
developing data bases needed to prepare SIPs. This will include data bases for
98 ozone areas and 42 carbon monoxide areas as well as additional areas
identified through recent, exceedances. The states will be supported in planning
networks and selecting the initial sites for enhanced ozone and precursor
networks to be established in 1993. Oversight of revisions to the carbon
monoxide and ozone ambient networks will continue with emphasis on evaluating
networks for newly identified nonattainment areas and implementing corrective
actions. The Regions will continue to provide quality assurance support to
Indian tribes and to assist in developing tribal monitoring programs. To address
key requirements of section 815 of the 1990 amendments, the Regions will support
ambient sampling programs along the U.S. - Mexico border. . Support will be
provided in three border areas and will focus on network planning, program
oversight, and providing guidance to Mexican environmental staff.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991 the Agency obligated a total of $4,260,700 supported by 80.6 total
workyears, of which $4,096,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $164,000 was from phe Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1991 the Regional Offices coordinated the collection, validation and
submission of ambient data with emphasis on areas developing revised SIPs for
ozone and carbon monoxide. Ambient network support focused on eliminating air
monitoring sites having marginal utility and in identifying changes needed to
adequately monitor current or projected areas of ozone and carbon monoxide
nonattainment. In addition, the Regions assisted states in implementing network
plans for ambient monitoring of PM-10, completing quality assurance plans
necessary to meet EPA requirements, and in developing multi-year plans for
replacement of ambient monitors and related equipment. On-site audits of 300
monitors were conducted including 45 newly established PM-10 sites. The Regions
also assisted 28 state and local agencies in assessing potential risks from toxic
pollutants through ambient sampling and 20 agencies in developing emission
inventories. The Regions also provided quality assurance support to Indian
tribes and assistance in developing tribal monitoring programs.
AIR QUALITY AND EMISSION DATA MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $33,873,400 supported by 115.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $7,895,000 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $25,978,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $503,200 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $1,833,100 for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 3.7 workyears from 1992.
The increases reflect support for a study of air toxics in Baltimore, emission
test support for a study of electric utilities, and support to Regional Office
and state efforts to develop ambient and emission data bases and to use this data
in studies and in abatement analyses of U.S. - Mexico border areas.
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Both of the Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS) Subsystems will
be maintained and guidance will be provided to users. A total of two to four
additional states will be provided with access to the facility Subsystem. New
software to support high priority reports and analyses will be implemented for
both Subsystems. Additional AIRS software to track, summarize, and display air
quality and emission data relating to ozone and carbon monoxide regulatory
programs will be developed.
Support of headquarters, Regional Office, and state and local modeling of
both NAAQS and toxics pollutants will be continued as will on-going efforts to
evaluate model accuracy and provide refined models and guidance. Implementation
of the Agency's toxic monitoring strategy will continue and include planning and
coordination of efforts to establish toxic sampling in the vicinity of the Great
Lakes and other major boundary waters. Support to the development of maximum
achievable control technology (MACT) standards will be continued at a high level
through accelerated programs to test candidate sources and develop test methods.
Technical support to state and local test programs will be continued. The
program will continue emission tests of selected criteria pollutant sources and
to publish emission factors and related guidance to support state toxics
programs. The program will also continue to prepare analyses of ambient and
emission trends, issue status and trends reports, and provide national oversight
of SIP ambient monitoring.
Technical support to the ozone/carbon monoxide program will be continued
at a high level in seven critical areas: (1) Completion of baseline software for
storing, retrieving, and analyzing emissions inventory data on smaller (area)
sources and for mobile sources. This will complement related EPA capabilities
for handling inventory data from large (point) sources and will be a major module
of AIRS; (2) Technical support to state and local programs to enhance carbon
monoxide, ozone, and ozone precursor monitoring networks; (3) Technical support
to the application of urban grid models in about 30 ozone areas; (4) National
oversight and quality assurance of SIP emission inventories in 98 ozone areas and
42 carbon monoxide areas; (5) Development of VOC, nitrogen oxides and carbon
monoxide emission factors; (6) refinement and management of systems for tracking
future reductions to baseline emissions; and (7) Technical support to application
of EPA's Regional Oxidant Model in the Southeast, Northeast, and Midwest.
The program will continue to provide technical guidance to Regional Offices
and state and local agencies in applying PM-10 dispersion and receptor models,
applying PM-10 emission factors and inventory guidance, evaluating monitoring
networks and ambient data, conducting special studies, and applying methods for
testing sources of particulates. Expanded efforts to develop emission factors
for additional PM-10 source categories will be continued. A multi-year study will
be completed to improve the emission factors and dispersion models used to assess
the air quality impact of emissions from surface coal mines.
The request will allow the continuation of fast track development of data
management systems needed to store and retrieve data on permits and support
national management of the permit program.
1992 Program
In 1992 the Agency is allocating a total of $31,537,100 supported by 112.1
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workyears for this program, of which $7,391,800 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $24,145,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and
•Compliance appropriation. . .
In 1992 active support is provided for implementation of the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990. Emphasis will be placed on developing required rules and
guidance on modeling and .monitoring, participation in several required studies
and on generally providing expanded technical support to the ozone/carbon
monoxide program and to the toxics program. For the ozone/carbon monoxide
program, implementation support will focus on: development of a new system for
storing, retrieving, and analyzing emissions inventory data on smaller (area)
sources and on mobile sources; development of final rules requiring the
establishment of long-term networks for sampling ozone precursors, and technical
support to the planning and implementation of enhanced networks; technical
support to the application of urban grid models used in ozone attainment
demonstrations; provision of technical and operational support to state/local
modeling efforts for both carbon monoxide and ozone areas; initiation of work on
long-term application of Regional Oxidant Models in three regions; continuation
of programs for managing, tracking, and quality assuring emission inventory data
including data quality reviews of SIP inventories for national consistency.
Also, efforts will be initiated to develop prescriptive requirements for
preparing point and area source inventories in the future.
Efforts to develop improved methods for compiling future inventories will
be continued as will efforts to develop and issue PM-10 emission factors for
significant sources of particulates. Support of headquarters, Regional Office
and state/local modeling of both NAAQSs and toxic pollutants will be continued
as will on-going efforts to evaluate model accuracy and provide refined models
and guidance. Implementation of the Agency's toxic monitoring strategy will
continue. The program will also continue to prepare analyses of ambient and
emission trends, issue .status and trends reports and provide national oversight
of SIP ambient monitoring. Monitoring and analyses will be completed on a study
of the impact of emissions from the Mohave Power Plant on visibility in and near
Grand Canyon National Park.
Expanded air toxics support will continue in four areas: (1) development
of emission test methods for maximum achievable control technology (MACT)
standards to be issued within two and four years of enactment; (2) provision of
technical support to states on test method application; (3) development of
emission factors to support state implementation of toxics programs; and (4)
dispersion analyses for proposed MACT standards and guidance for screening
analyses.
Both of the AIRS Subsystems will be maintained and guidance provided to
users. Six to eight additional agencies will be provided access to the Facility
Subsystem and new software to support high priority reports and analyses will be
implemented for both Subsystems. Additional AIRS software to track, summarize,
and display air quality and emission data relating to ozone and carbon monoxide
regulatory programs will be developed. Training will be provided to over 50
agencies concerning procedures for submitting baseline emission inventories to
AIRS to support Title I SIP requirements. The program will accelerate
development of software to allow the review of operating permit applications and
the tracking of key events within AIRS and through micro-computer software for
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non-AIRS users.
Congressional Directives. A total of $700,000 is provided to identify and
evaluate sources of visibility impairment in Class I areas.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991 the Agency obligated a total of $19,264,000 supported by 95.6 total
workyears, of which $6,083,000 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $13,181,000 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1991 comprehensive user support and enhanced software was provided to
50 agencies using the AIRS Air Quality Subsystem. Additional emission and
compliance data bases were converted and refined and the baseline software and
files for the AIRS Facility Subsystem were enhanced. AIRS Facility Subsystem
user training was provided to staff from Regional Offices, 28 states, 1 territory
and 18 local agencies. User support was provided to over 45 agencies that opted
to access the Facility Subsystem directly. To support future inventory efforts,
substantial development was accomplished on a system for storing and retrieving
area source data to include mobile source data. Support was provided to future
ozone and carbon monoxide SIP revisions with emphasis on guidance for preparing
emission inventories, assistance in preparing data bases and applying grid and
statistical models, and issuance of a final report of a multi-year project to
assess the regional transport of ozone and precursors in the Northeast. Other
major activities included: documentation of user requirements for storing and
managing operating permits information within AIRS; publication of the Air
Quality and Emissions Trend Report for 1989; development of new PM-10 emission
factors for seven source categories; technical support to the Regional Offices
and states on application of factors for PM-10 and other pollutants; and emission
test support to headquarters offices developing emission standards and to state
and local agencies in applying test methods.
Congressional Directives. A total of $2,500,000 was provided for a
pollutant tracer study at the Mohave Power Plant.
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AIR
Atmospheric and Indoor Air Programs
ACTUAL
1991
PRES.
BUDGET
1992
ENACTED
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
REQUEST
1993
INCREASE +
DECREASE •
1993 VS 1992
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Acid Rain Program
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Indoor Air Program
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Global Change Program
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$2,268.7 $4,390.3 $4, 281.0 $4,249.3 $4,686.3 $437.0
$3,462.5 $6,481.8 $6,481.8 $9,246.0 $6,481.8 -$2,764.2
TOTAL $5,731.2 $10,872.1 $10,762.8 $13,495.3 $11,168.1 -$2,327.2
$918.7 $1,452.7 $1,428.6 $1.597.0 $2,191.5 $594.5
$1.970.3 $5,505.6 $5,505.6 $5,389.8 $5,911.5 $521.7
TOTAL $2,889.0 $6,958.3 $6,934.2 $6,986.8 $8,103.0 $1,116.2
$2,067.8 $2,065.5 $2,053.1 $2,446.1 $3,944.5 $1,498.4
$14,154.0 $27,207.4 $17,107.3 $16,959.6 $28,126.9 $11.167.3
TOTAL $16,221.8 $29,272.9 $19,160.4 $19,405.7 $32,071.4 $12,665.7
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Atmospheric & Indoor
Air Programs
$5,255.2 $7,908.5 $7,762.7 $8.292.4 $10.822.3 $2,529.9
$19,586.8 $39,194.8 $29,094.7 $31,595.4 $40,520.2 $8,924.8
TOTAL $24,842.0 $47,103.3 $36,857.4 $39,887.8 $51,342.5 $11,454.7
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Acid Rain Program
Indoor Air Program
Global Change Program
TOTAL PERMANENT WORICYEARS
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Acid Rain Program
Indoor Air Program
Global Change Program
TOTAL WORICYEARS
32.0
12.8
27.2
72.0
33.5
12.8
27.3
73.6
67.8
23.5
30.7
122.0
67.8
23.5
30.7
122.0
67.8
23.5
30.7
122.0
67.8
23.5
30.7
122.0
66.9
25.7
36.7
129.3
67.7
26.4
36.7
130.8
65.8
32.5
52.7
151.0
65.8
32.5
52.7
151.0
-1.1
6.8
16.0
21.7
-1.9
6.1
16.0
20.2
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AIR
Atmospheric and Indoor Air Programs
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $51,342,500 supported by 151.0 total
workyears for 1993, an increase of $11,454,700 and 20.2 workyears from 1992. Of
the request, $10,822,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$40,520,200 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation of $2,529,900
and an increase of $8,924,800 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
ACID RAIN PROGRAM
1993 Program Request
In 1993 the Agency requests a total of $11,168,100 supported by 65.8 total
workyears, of which $4,686,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $6,481,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $437,000 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation; a decrease of $2,764,200 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation and a decrease of 1.9 total workyears. The AC&C
decrease reflects the inclusion in 1992 of the $2.9 million NAPAP reprogramming,
which was recently denied by the Appropriation Committees. The FTE decrease
reflects the completion of the core regulations under the acid rain program.
As the regulations for allowance allocation, "opt-in," and nitrogen oxides
are completed during the beginning of 1993, the acid rain program will shift its
emphasis toward operational issues -- from "rule writing" to "rule
implementation." Specifically, the program will focus resources in five
operational areas: (1) processing permits, (2) managing the allowance system,
(3) certifying continuous emissions monitors (CEMs); (4) collecting emissions
data, and (5) evaluating the effectiveness of the acid rain program.
Upon promulgation of the major rules, the acid rain program will issue both
guidance for sources and administrative procedures for headquarters, Regions, and
states on the implementation of CEM certification, alternative monitoring
systems, computerized emissions reporting and tracking, permitting for sulfur
dioxide and nitrogen oxides, allowance transactions, auctions and sales,
conservation verification protocol, arid opt-ins.
In 1993 the program will focus on implementation activities including:
certifying CEMs, evaluating alterative monitoring systems demonstrations, and
reviewing permit applications and compliance plans for sources affected by Phase
I requirements. Although the program initiated these activities in 1992, the
majority of the 261 Phase I units will require EPA action for permits and CEMs
during 1993 in order to meet their statutory deadlines. In addition, because
over 2,000 Phase II CEMs must be certified by the end of 1994, the acid rain
program expects sources to request certification of a large number of Phase II
.CEMs in 1993.
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In the CAA, 2.8% of the acid rain allowances were set aside for either
direct sale at $1,500 or for auction. In 1993 the acid .rain program will conduct
•the first annual auction and direct sale of these allowances. The program will
process applications for allowances from independent power producers and small
diesel refineries as well as applications for allowances from the conservation
and renewable energy reserve. The acid rain program plans to begin reviewing,
approving, and recording official transfers of allowances at the request of
affected sources. In addition, the program will offer implementation training.
The program will complete testing and begin operating an integrated acid
rain data system. The acid rain program will begin: tracking hourly emissions
data from each certified source; tracking allowance allocations and transfers,
including results of the annual auction and sales; and permit processing for each
Phase I source.
In addition to the core rule implementation, upon promulgation of opt-in
and nitrogen oxides control regulations, the acid rain program will review and
approve permit applications and compliance plans, and CEM certifications.
The program also will continue development of an ongoing acid rain program
evaluation component, and continue participation in the National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP). The acid rain program will continue
work on reports to Congress on the industrial sulfur dioxide emissions inventory,
sulfur dioxide/nitrogen oxides emissions trading, and on the feasibility of an
acidic deposition standard. The acid rain program will continue to promote
energy conservation and encourage the improvement of energy efficiency as a
compliance strategy.
Under the U.S. - Canadian Bilateral Air Quality Committee, the acid rain
program will begin preparation of the second biannual report on the progress of
the acid rain programs in both countries.
1992 Program
In 1992 the Agency is allocating a total of $13,495,300 supported by 67.7
total workyears to this program, of which $4,249,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $9,246,000 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This PE still reflects a $2.9 million reprogramming
that was recently denied. Due to the timing of the denial and the time necessary
to reverse the reprogramming, the change to the PE will be made after the
President's Budget has been submitted.
The acid rain program continues to implement the statutory mandate
established in Title IV of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 by focusing
program efforts on the development of six major regulations: permits, allowance
system, continuous emission monitoring, excess emissions, opt-ins, and nitrogen
oxides control. The allowance system regulation contains three major components:
auction and sale, tracking and transfers, and allocation.
Four regulations constitute the core of the acid rain program. These four
core regulations were proposed in the Federal Register on December 3, 1991: (1)
permitting — which includes a source's emissions control plans and requirements
and allows a source to benefit from the allowance trading system; (2) allowance
tracking and transfers — which provides a source the flexibility to meet its
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sulfur dioxide emissions limitation requirements economically while providing
environmental accountability for collective compliance with the national cap on
sulfur dioxide emissions; (3) .continuous emissions monitoring — which not only
ensures source compliance but also instills confidence in the market-based
approach by certifying the existence of the commodity being traded; and (4)
excess emissions — which defines the consequences for failing to comply with
the acid rain program's sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions
requirements. The acid' rain program is receiving a large volume of public
comments on the proposed core rules and will promulgate the final rule package
in 1992.
The program is working on two other major components of the allowance
system rule. The auction and sales component of the regulation was promulgated
as a final rule in the Federal Register on December 17, 1991. The allocation
component of the regulation will be proposed in the Federal Register in April
1992, and is based on the updates and corrections the program is incorporating
into the national allowance data base.
In addition to the four core rules of the acid rain program, sulfur
dioxide sources not explicitly affected by Phase II requirements (e.g.,
industrial facilities) may elect to participate by "opting-in" to the acid rain
program. Title IV also requires that certain coal-fired electric utility boilers
reduce their emissions of nitrogen oxides through installation of low nitrogen
oxides burners, or their equivalent, at the same time that they are required to
comply with the sulfur dioxide limitations. The acid rain program is developing
the opt-in and nitrogen oxides control rules in 1992.
In addition to rule writing, the acid rain program is developing both
guidance for sources and administrative procedures for headquarters, Regions, and
states on the implementation of CEM certification, alternative monitoring
systems, computerized emissions reporting and tracking, permits (sulfur dioxide
and nitrogen oxides), allowance transactions, auctions and sales, conservation
verification protocol, and opt-ins.
In 1992 the acid rain program will begin program implementation by
reviewing permit applications and CEM certifications. The program is also
developing an integrated acid rain data system, with components for emissions
data tracking, allowance allocation and transfer tracking, and permit processing.
The acid rain program will begin testing the operational capabilities of the acid
rain data system by the end of 1992.
The program will 'continue development of an ongoing acid rain program
evaluation component and continue participation in the National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP). In addition, the acid rain program
will initiate work on reports to Congress required by statute. The program also
will promote energy conservation and encourage the improvement of energy
efficiency as a compliance strategy.
Under the U.S. - Canadian Bilateral Air Quality Committee, the acid rain
program prepared the first biannual report on the progress of the acid rain
programs in both countries.
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1991 Accomplishments
In 1991 the Agency obligated a total of $5,731,200 supported by 33.5 total
workyears, of which $2,268,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $3,462,500 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, specifically in Title IV, have
required significantly expanded and enhanced acid rain program development,
coordination, and implementation activities to reduce the adverse effects of
acidic deposition. In order to implement Title IV provisions, EPA formed the
Acid Rain Advisory Committee (ARAC) under the authority of the Federal Advisory
Committee Act. The ARAC included 44 members representing various stakeholder
groups, including utilities, emissions control equipment vendors, state public
utility commissioners, academics, coal companies, state air pollution agencies,
labor, and environmental groups. The ARAC provided a forum for various
stakeholders in the acid rain program to focus on detailed issues before the
Agency began drafting proposed rules.
In 1991 the program proceeded with the regulation development process.
Specifically, the acid rain program published the proposed allowance auction and
sale rule in the Federal Register in May. The program announced in the Federal
Register the availability of the national allowance data base containing all the
emissions data and allowance calculations needed to propose the Phase II
allowance allocations. In addition, the acid rain program publicly disseminated
in June a pre-proposal draft of the four core acid rain rules: permits,
allowance system, continuous emissions monitoring, and excess emissions. The
program was thus able to generate specific and detailed public participation in
the refinement of policy and implementation issues on the core acid rain program
before publishing the proposed rulemaking package.
As a result of the ARAC process, the program received unprecedented public
participation and developed public agreement on most major issues during the
earliest stages of regulation development. The program has ensured that further
public discussions will focus on the key areas of remaining disagreement, thus
streamlining the regulation development process and concentrating public and
private resources on the primary issues of debate.
In addition to the regulation development process, the acid rain program
also initiated the design stage of an integrated acid rain data system, with
components for emissions data tracking, allowance allocation and transfer
tracking, and permit processing. The program also initiated the development of
an ongoing acid rain program evaluation component, and continued participation
in the ongoing National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP).
In consultation with the State Department and Government of Canada, the
acid rain program completed negotiation on the U.S. - Canada Air Quality
Agreement and established the U.S.- Canadian Bilateral Air Quality Committee.
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INDOOR AIR PROGRAM
1.993 Program Request:
In 1993 the Agency requests a total of $8,103,000 supported by 32.5 total
workyears, of which $2,191,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,911,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $594,500 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation; an increase of $521,700 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation; and an increase of 6.1 total workyears. The increase
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and workyears is requested to initiate
a program to increase public awareness about residential indoor air pollution and
demonstrate how environmentally "healthy" housing can be competitive in the
housing market. The increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance will provide
support for the Indoor Air Quality Information Center in the printing and
publication of information materials.
In 1993 the indoor air program will shift from the development of
fundamental guidance documents to the creation of more tailored information
products, training, and assistance. "Spin-offs" from the basic guidance
documents will be pursued, and wherever possible, the production and delivery of
this information, including training as well as written material, will be
accomplished in partnership with the trade and professional organizations that
represent the intended target audiences. Guidance which has been developed and
disseminated to suppliers of particular services or products (e.g., architects
and engineers of commercial builders) will be recast into suitable guidance for
consumers of those services or products (e.g., corporate space planners). In a
non-regulatory environment, the establishment of new standards of practice
achieved through negotiation and consensus must be reinforced by behavior in the
marketplace if these standards are to become institutionalized. Carefully
selecting those areas in which demand can be influenced by heightened awareness
will be one of the tasks of the indoor air program in 1993.
The Indoor Air Quality Information Center will enter its second year of
operation; on the basis of the first year's evaluation, services will be modified
and/or expanded, as appropriate, and a newsletter will be developed and mailed
out to a growing body of users.
The Building Assessment, Survey, and Evaluation (BASE) program, a national
study of indoor air quality in public and commercial buildings, will enter the
second of a planned three to five year study period. The two major objectives
of the study are (1) to develop baseline information on the factors believed to
determine indoor air quality in large buildings and assess their relationship to
occupant health symptoms and (2) to improve and standardize the indoor air
quality investigative approach. During 1993, preliminary data from a core set
of buildings will be made available for analysis and further study, protocols for
conducting indoor air quality studies will be updated and published, and
validation studies will be underway. This information will be useful to public
health departments and building diagnosticians; to indoor air/health effects
researchers; to ventilation engineers and building designers; and, as input for
the further development of Federal guidance on indoor air quality issues.
Public sector training will continue to receive increasing attention as
states and localities pursue the development of staff capabilities to solve
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indoor air quality problems. Building on regional training approaches begun in
1992, additional providers of training will be selected and supported to create
and deliver training based on guidance provided by the indoor air program.
The multi-year development of a comprehensive inventory of source emissions
to the indoor environment begun in 1992 will enter its second year. Each year
a major product category of indoor air emissions sources will be selected for the
inventory. The growing body of information compiled in this way will be put to
a variety of uses, both internally and externally, providing the factual data
needed to drive continuing non-regulatory dialogues with manufacturers to create
lower-emitting products.
The indoor air program will continue to provide leadership and coordination
of indoor air quality issues within the Federal government through its support
of the Interagency Committee on Indoor Air Quality, ensuring that all Federal
agencies with interest, expertise, and responsibility for indoor air quality are
aware of one another's activities, and are given the opportunity to participate
in the development and execution of one another's agenda.
1992 Program
In 1992 the Agency is allocating a total of $6,986,800 supported by 26.4
total workyears to this program, of which $1,597,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,389,800 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
Early in 1992, the indoor air program will publish a major guidance
document for the owners and managers of large public and commercial buildings.
The guide, "E-iilding Air Quality," will be aggressively promoted for use
nationwide and a companion training course will be made widely available. Later
in 1992, the program will launch the Indoor Air Quality Information Center to
provide a range of information services to the public, to state and local indoor
air personnel, to the private sector, and to the research community. Four
additional guidance documents for key indoor air quality audiences will be
completed: the design guide for architects and engineers of commercial
buildings, a health professionals guide to building-related illnesses, a
homebuilders guide, and a guide for school facility managers. With the
completion of these remaining guidance documents, the indoor air program will
have concluded the first round of indoor air quality program development by
establishing Federal guidance on the crucial elements of a national indoor air
quality strategy. The availability of guidance for consumers, homebuilders,
owners and operators of large buildings, school district administrators,
architects and engineers, and health care professionals will provide the
knowledge base from which a variety of more specific, targeted information
products will be created and aggressively disseminated.
In 1992 the regional training centers, selected to develop and offer indoor
air quality training courses in 1991, will be maintained and the network will be
expanded. In cooperation with the Department of Health and Human Services, the
program will evaluate the effectiveness of specific workplace smoking policies.
The program will initiate the national study of the indoor air quality in
large buildings. The BASE program will investigate selected public and
commercial buildings providing the data needed to define more succinctly the
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extent to which estimates accurately reflect the national building stock, and
whether differences in specific parameters of indoor air quality account for
differences in occupant health and comfort, concerns. Investigators will collect
and report data in a comparable manner as determined by indoor air quality
protocols.
Expansion of the regional training center curriculum through the
development of targeted courses for specific indoor air quality audiences will
create a strong foundation for an effective partnership with state and local
authorities. At the .same time initiation of an indoor air source emissions
inventory will provide an important tool for consumers and key decision-makers
to select lower emitting materials in the indoor environment. This will be a
crucial element in an effective national response to indoor air quality concerns.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991 the Agency obligated a total of $2,889,000 supported by 12.8 total
workyears, of which $918,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$1,970,300 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The indoor air program continued to provide Agency leadership and
coordination within the Federal establishment. Significant projects were
undertaken or completed to further the Agency's understanding of the nature,
sources, and health effects of indoor air pollution, preferred diagnostic and
remediation approaches, and costs. Development of a major guidance document for
owners and managers of large buildings on preventing and solving indoor air
quality problems was completed and a campaign for promotion and follow-up was
devised.
Work was initiated with the American Lung Association to create a brief
guide for health care professionals on how to recognize building-related
illnesses in patients. The development of guides for homebuilders, designers of
commercial buildings, and for school facility managers continued to progress:
The National Academy of Sciences was funded to convene a workshop that resulted
in the development of a research agenda on the phenomenon of multiple chemical
sensitivity. A preliminary report on the costs of designing, operating, and
maintaining buildings for good indoor air quality was completed.
A steering committee of experts on indoor air quality investigation was
convened to develop and oversee a study of the indoor air quality in large
buildings across the nation; teams were formed to define the study elements and
to recommend the methods and measurement protocols to be employed. An Agency
dialogue with the carpet and rug industry resulted in the refinement of a
standard test method and agreement from carpet, cushion, and adhesives
manufacturers to undertake a testing program to determine the status of their
products with respect to indoor air emissions. Plans to open an Indoor Air
Quality Information Center progressed, paving the way for operations to begin in
1992. Finally, an international inventory of indoor air activities and programs
was undertaken under the aegis of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society.
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GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM
1993 Program Request
In 1993 the Agency requests a total of $32,071,400 supported by 52.7 total
workyears, of which $3,944,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $28,126,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,498,400 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation; an increase of $11,167,300 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation; and an increase of 16.0 total workyears.
In 1993 the global change program will continue to provide technical data,
technical support, and regulatory initiatives to meet the implementation
requirements of the Montreal Protocol. In addition, the program request includes
$20 million in financial support through a multi-lateral fund to help developing
countries finance the incremental cost of shifting away from ozone depleting
chemicals.
In 1993 the global change program will expand the concept of the "Green
Lights" program to other technological arenas. Currently, the "Green Lights"
program is successfully working with industry to implement high-efficiency
lighting in major U.S. corporations. High-efficiency lighting systems have been
demonstrated to lower electricity costs, improve lighting quality and increase
worker productivity. The Agency is investigating how Green Lights can be
expanded into other areas.
In 1993 the global change program will investigate the extent to which
potential institutional obstacles and financial disincentives exist and can be
eliminated to reduce methane emissions. This will involve working with industry
representatives to examine major obstacles and to design solutions. In addition,
the methane program will lead U.S. missions to countries with significant
reduction opportunities. The missions will work with the environmental
ministries of the affected countries.
Internationally, the Agency will work with China to promote coal-bed
methane recovery (to supplant burning of brown coal); with Poland to promote
coal-bed methane recovery; and with India to promote dietary supplementation of
dairy cattle. Finally, the program will work with Russia to enhance efficiency
of natural gas production, transmission and use.
1992 Program
In 1992 the Agency is allocating a total of $19,405,700 supported by 36.7
total workyears to this program, of which $2,446,100 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $16,959,600 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The global change program will continue work on recycling rulemakings that
require EPA to set the lowest achievable emissions for CFC using equipment, to
restrict the sale of small canisters containing CFC refrigerants, and to set safe
disposal requirements of refrigerants. The global change program will operate
a compliance program to enforce a national recycling program, including the
review of certification programs for mobile air-conditioning technicians and
equipment. The national recycling program will also investigate options to
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recycle or recover chemicals at disposal and to expand the list of recyclable
chemicals to include HCFCs. In addition, full implementation of the national
recycling program, as required "by the Clean'Air Act, will be implemented for the
major air-conditioning and refrigeration sectors to minimize the costs of the
phase-out required under the amendments to the Protocol and the Clean Air Act.
To implement the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, the global change
program will collect production, import, and use data on regulated chemicals and
prepare periodic reports to Congress based on this information. The program will
respond to petitions that request that EPA expedite the schedule for the phase-
out of ozone depleting chemicals, and evaluate exemptions to the schedule for
medical purposes, fire suppression, essential uses, and national security.
A safe alternatives program, required under the Clean Air Act, will be
established to review the environmental and health effects of safe substitutes
(i.e., alternative chemicals and products). The program will include a
comprehensive evaluation of developing substitutes, and examine all of the
environmental benefits and hazards of using (or not using) substitute chemicals.
The global change program will facilitate national and international
technology transfer through ad-hoc working groups and trade conferences and,
through the implementation and fulfillment of U.S. commitments to the Multi-
lateral Fund under the Protocol. There will be an emphasis on assisting small
users in shifting out of controlled substances. The program will also: (1)
participate in scientific and technical assessments that are required under the
Montreal Protocol, (2) facilitate the transfer of technologies to developing
countries, and (3) maintain its lead role in upcoming meetings of the Protocol
members.
The global change program will expand the tracking and administrative
controls used to operate the regulatory program. To fully implement the
amendments to the Montreal Protocol and the new Clean Air Act, the administrative
controls and tracking system will require incorporation of additional chemicals,
regulated companies, and more frequent electronic reporting by companies. More
effective communication with the U.S. Customs Bureau will be required to monitor
possible import violations. The program will also prepare a report to Congress
on the projected trends of ozone depletion.
To address global wanning issues, the program will evaluate options to
reduce production of methane from livestock and coal mining and prepare reports
as required under the Clean Air Act. The program will expand efforts to promote
economically efficient energy conservation and pollution prevention. The program
will examine renewable sources of energy such as an energy efficient lighting
program and energy efficient appliances and equipment in the residential and
commercial sectors.
Congressional Directives. A total of $4,900,000 for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation is for two Congressionally directed projects: methane
research, and the phase out of CFCs.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991 the Agency obligated a total of $16,221,800 supported by 27.3 total
jjrkyears, of which $2,067,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
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and $14,154,000 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1991 the global change program provided support to the Montreal Protocol
in several major areas: (1) active participation in the assessment panel efforts
that provide a basis for future changes to the Protocol, (2) support for
implementation of the Interim Multilateral Fund, and (.3) data collection required
under the Protocol.
The domestic program under the new Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990
included administration of allocations, initiation of the development of
additional rules, .and a program for a national recycling effort. In addition,
the amendments required faster phase-out of CFCs and phase-out of chemicals not
previously listed in the Montreal Protocol. This necessitated the development
of regulatory proposals to control methyl chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and
HCFCs. The program began to monitor the development of energy efficient and safe
substitutes and alternative chemicals and products. In cooperation with
industry, the program accelerated efforts to develop technologies for fire
fighting and refrigeration systems and to evaluate use of more energy efficient
alternatives.
The global change program continued to explore and expand its efforts
relative to policies, practices and technological options and mechanisms for
control of methane emissions to address the greenhouse effect and extended
efforts to explore energy conservation measures. The program developed a data
base to inform industry and help organize responses that enhance long-term
competition, including future foreign market opportunities.
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Enforcement
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
AIR
ENFORCEMENT
Stationary Source Enforcement 2-90
Mobile Source Enforcement 2-96
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AIR
Stationary Source Enforcement
ACTUAL" PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESHKATE' 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Stationary Source
Compliance
Salaries & Expenses $16,868.0 $21,195.7 $20,350.6 $19,158.6 $22,353.5 $3,194.9
Abatement Control and $6,228.2 $6,451.7 $6,452.9 $6,310.6 $6,302.9 -$7.7
Compli ance
TOTAL $23,096.2 $27,647.4 $26,803.5 $25,469.2 $28,656.4 $3,187.2
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $16,868.0 $21,195.7 $20,350.6 $19,158.6 $22,353.5 $3,194.9
Abatement Control and $6,228.2 $6,451.7 $6,452.9 $6,310.6 $6,302.9 -$7.7
Compliance
Stationary Source TOTAL $23,096.2 $27,647.4 $26,803.5 $25,469.2 $28,656.4 $3,187.2
Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Stationary Source 325.9 382.4 382.4 370.4 392.5 22.1
Compliance
TOTAL PERMANENT WORICYEARS 325.9 382.4 382.4 370.4 392.5 22.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Stationary Source 340.6 382.4 382.4 379.3 392.5 13.2
Compliance
TOTAL WORKYEARS 340.6 382.4 382.4 379.3 392.5 13.2
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Air
Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $28,656,400 supported by 392.5 total workyears
for 1993, an increase of $3,187,200 and 13.2 total workyears from 1992. Of the
request, $22,353,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$6,302,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation of $3,194,900
and a decrease in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation of $7,700.
STATIONARY SOURCE ENFORCEMENT
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $28,656,400 supported by 392.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $22,353,500 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,302,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $3,194,900 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, a decrease of $7,700 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 13.2 in total workyears
from 1992. The increase will support an expanded chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)
compliance program and the early reductions program.
In 1993 compliance monitoring and enforcement efforts (in concert with the
states) will continue to ensure the compliance of SIP, NSPS, and NESHAPs sources.
Implementation of the strategies for the asbestos NESHAPs demolition and
renovation program and for benzene will continue, as will initiatives to enforce
the other NESHAPs standards. Efforts will support the implementation of an
expanded CFC compliance program through increased inspections of sources and
initiation of enforcement actions. Resources will also be focused on monitoring
the status of compliance of sources subject to the phase I acid rain
requirements. Additional resources will also be focused on the aggressive
implementation of the early reductions program for air toxics.
A comprehensive program to determine the effectiveness of volatile organic
compound (VOC) rules, implementation of the compliance monitoring and inspection
targeting program to ensure better use of inspection resources, and workshop and
technical support will be emphasis areas. Efforts to enhance VOC compliance in
ozone nonattainment areas, including small VOC sources, will continue. In the
*area of size-specific particulate matter (PM-10), efforts will focus on ensuring
compliance by sources subject to the newly promulgated PM-10 SIPs. Enforcement
of Continuous Emission Monitoring (CEM) requirements for federally regulated
sources will also continue. Inspections that may result in the need to issue
administrative orders and the processing of litigation referrals will be
conducted at major sources. State program building will be a high priority in
an expanded SIP assistance program for assuring the enforceability of new
requirements. Support will continue for the conduct of inspections and
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enforcement of the CFC .program, as well as the expanding air toxics program.
Implementation of the field, citation program will commence with focused
enforcement efforts concentrated in nonattainment areas.- Continuing support will
be provided for the development of the operating permits program. Headquarters
and Regional contract resources will support the conduct of increased permitting
inspections, administrative orders, and litigation referrals due to the increased
number of newly regulated'sources.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $25,469,200 supported by 379.3 total
workyears to this program, of which $19,158,600 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $6,310,600 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1992 the national compliance program, primarily through the ten EPA
Regional Offices, is implementing compliance monitoring and enforcement efforts
to ensure the compliance of SIP, NSPS, NESHAPs, and stratospheric ozone
protection sources. Implementation of the strategies for the NESHAP for the
asbestos demolition and renovation program, radionuclides, and benzene continues.
A comprehensive program to determine the effectiveness of rules is being expanded
to cover other VOC sources and pollutant categories. Implementation of the
compliance monitoring and inspection targeting program to ensure better use of
inspection resources continues as well as conducting workshops and providing
technical support. Resources are directed toward implementation of an effective
enforcement program for reducing ozone in nonattainment areas.
In the area of PM-10, the Regions are reviewing proposed PM-10 SIPs for
enforceability and ensured compliance of sources subject to newly promulgated PM-
10 SIPs. Enforcement of GEM requirements for federally regulated sources
continues. Regions are providing support for the phase-down of CFC production
to control importation of CFC chemicals and support the development and
implementation of recycling regulations required by changes in the Clean Air Act.
In addition, state program building is being emphasized in an expanded SIP
assistance program for assuring the enforceability of new requirements and in the
focus of resources for targeting compliance efforts toward significant multimedia
environmental problems.
In 1992 EPA headquarters continues to participate in the development of
policy guidance, planning, and budgeting activities, and the review of selected
Regional activities and program performance. Headquarters is also assuring the
enforceability of proposed Agency regulations under NSPSs, NESHAPs, and
prevention of significant deterioration programs; responding to formal inquiries
managing the National Asbestos Registry System (NARS)
and the compliance portion of the Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS) ;
managing the level of effort contracts; and conducting technical studies.
Headquarters continues the implementation of the technical agenda by developing
jointly with the Regions a planned list of technical projects to be initiated in
1992. In addition, this program area will assure the
successful implementation of the revised asbestos demolition and renovation
strategy, the woodstove NSPS and the CFC phase-out and use restriction program.
During 1992 EPA headquarters is ensuring enhanced VOC compliance by
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providing VOC technical and training support to the Regions and state agencies,
issuing policy guidance, monitoring compliance and enforcement activities, and
overviewing the implementation of the rule-effectiveness protocol. In addition,
headquarters is continuing the implementation of the laboratory program for
woodstove testing, reviewing applications for woodstove certification, monitoring
certification tests, and certifying production lines. The woodstove program is
moving into the second phase of certification and enforcement and additional
resources are supporting implementation of the Random Compliance Audit and the
Selective Enforcement Audit programs.
Headquarters is monitoring the enforcement programs for size-specific
particulate matter (PM-10) and ozone/carbon monoxide for national consistency
issues. It is also evaluating the effectiveness of state and EPA compliance
monitoring and inspection programs. Promoting the use and developing national
guidance for continuous compliance requirements continues to be a major activity
in 1992.
Support for the stratospheric ozone protection program is being expanded
'-hrough participation in rule development and the preparation of compliance
monitoring strategies and guidance for automobile, commercial and residential air
conditioning, and refrigeration recycling programs. This is in addition to a
doubling of the number of production facilities which must be monitored as a
result of revisions to the Clean Air.Act and the Montreal Protocol. Review, of
the phase-out of CFCs and halons through monitoring compliance of manufacturers
and importers is being increased with an expected growth in the number of
violators identified and enforcement actions taken.
Support is being provided to ensure adequate direction and oversight of air
toxics compliance and enforcement efforts resulting from new legislative
requirements, particularly in those states where delegations of authority for
both existing and prospective standards have not been requested. EPA is also
actively pursuing the implementation of the early reductions program for air
toxics.
Headquarters is implementing the administrative enforcement requirements
resulting from the new legislation. Also, this program is charged with to
developing a field citation program for enforcement of the Clean Air Act
requirements for stationary sources. Headquarters is developing citizen award
provisions, citizen suit guidelines, and contractor listing procedures.
Regulations to implement the enhanced monitoring and guidance certification
authority in the new legislation are continuing.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991 the Agency obligated a total of $23,096,200 supported by 340.6 total
workyears, of which $16,868,000 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $6,228,200 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1991 major activities in the ten Regional Offices included the
enforcement of VOC source requirements in ozone nonattainment areas, the
implementation of a comprehensive program to determine if adopted VOC measures
were effectively implemented and the conduct of VOC compliance workshops to
improve inspection quality to enable state and local air pollution agencies to
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improve their technical capabilities. Federal enforcement actions focused on
major violating sources in nonattainment areas. EPA worked closely with the
states to revise guidance on "timely and appropriate" enforcement actions to
address the most significant environmental problems.
In 1991 EPA headquarters continued oversight of Regional programs to assure
consistency of rules and'guidance through programmatic reviews and reviews of
certain classes of enforcement actions. The headquarters program continued to
assure the enforceability of proposed EPA regulations, managed the Compliance
Data System (CDS), including CDS activities related to the development of the new
AIRS Facility Subsystem; managed the level of effort contract support program;
developed technical and program guidance; and conducted planning and budgeting
activities.
Also in 1991, EPA Headquarters initiated several workgroups to implement
the major provisions of Title VII of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. This
effort focused on of enhanced monitoring, compliance certification,
administrative penalties, field citation, awards, citizen suits, contract listing
and permitting.
The compliance monitoring and inspection targeting strategy was implemented
in 1991. Implementation of the NSPS woodstoves program continued, including the
review of applications for woodstoves certification, the monitoring of
certification tests, and the evaluation of test results. Headquarters continued
oversight and evaluation of Regional and state efforts to implement the rule-
effectiveness assessments, and the small VOC source strategy. Headquarters
developed a comprehensive training program and compliance determination guides
for selected categories of VOC sources. Work to promote use of continuous
compliance requirements, including support for Regional and state efforts was a
major activity.
In 1991 headquarters monitored the enforcement programs for PM-10 and lead
for national consistency issues. A national enforcement strategy for lead
sources was successfully implemented to assure full compliance with emission
limitations and to adopt additional measures in geographical areas still
experiencing violations of the lead NAAQS.
Support for the stratospheric ozone protection program was expanded through
participation in rule development and the preparation of compliance monitoring
strategies and guidance for automobile, commercial and residential air
cei'ditioning, and refrigeration recycling programs. This is in addition to a
doubling of the number of production facilities which were monitored as a result
of revisions to the Clean Air Act and the Montreal Protocol. Review of the
phase-out of CFCs and halons through monitoring compliance of manufacturers and
importers was increased with a growth in the number of violators identified and
enforcement actions taken.
Support was provided to ensure adequate direction and oversight of air
toxics compliance and enforcement efforts resulting from new legislative
requirements, particularly in those states where delegations of authority for
both existing and prospective standards will be requested. EPA also actively
pursued the implementation of the early reduction program for air toxics by
Reviewing existing enforcement policies to assure that inconsistent and
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disincentive procedures did not exist.
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AIR
Mobile Source Enforcement
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTJHATE 1995 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Mobile Source
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses $6,868.4 $8,362.9 $7,645.7 $7,645.7 $7,733.9 $88.2
Abatement Control and $4,005.9 $5.490.1 $5,490.1 $5,490.1 $5,990.1 $500.0
Compliance
TOTAL $10.874.3 $13,853.0 $13,135.8 $13,135.8 $13,724.0 $588.2
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $6,868.4 $8,362.9 $7,645.7 $7,645.7 $7,733.9 $88.2
Abatement Control and $4,005.9 $5,490.1 $5,490.1 $5,490.1 $5,990.1 $500.0
Compliance
Mobile Source TOTAL $10,874.3 $13,853.0 $13,135.8 $13,135.8 $13,724.0 $588.2
Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Mobile Source 110.6 124.3 124.3 121.7 124.3 2.6
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 110.6 , 124.3 124.3 121.7 124.3 , 2.6
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Mobile Source 113.7 124.3 124.3 121.7 124.3 2.6
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS 113.7 124.3 124.3 121.7 124.3 2.6
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AIR
Mobile Source Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,724,000 supported by 124.3 total work
years for this program, of which $7,733,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,990,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $88,200 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $500,000 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 2.6 total workyears.
MOBILE SOURCE ENFORCEMENT
1993 ProEram Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,724,000 supported by 124.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $7,733,900 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,990,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $88,200 in the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $500,000 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 2.6 total workyears. The increases
reflect the additional resources needed to continue the implementation of the
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.
EPA will implement the oxygenated fuel provisions mandated by the Clean Air
Act Amendments of 1990 which will allow the use of marketable oxygen credits from
gasolines with higher oxygen content to offset the sale or use of gasoline with
a lower oxygen content in 39 areas throughout the country. Fuel samples will be
collected from all points in the distribution chain to ensure that appropriate
oxygen levels are present in gasoline to reduce carbon monoxide emissions at cold
temperatures. The fuel inspection program will also continue to enforce the more
stringent Phase II fuel volatility requirements and sample for other fuel
additives by collecting fuel samples from refiners, importers, distributors, and
retail outlets throughout the country. The Agency will continue to audit the
incidence of tampering and fuel switching to gauge the effectiveness of the
anti-tampering programs by state and local jurisdictions.
The EPA recall program will continue to investigate approximately 37
suspect light-duty vehicle classes. In addition, the Agency will conduct two
investigations to assess compliance with the more stringent full useful life
standards of high mileage, light-duty truck classes. The Agency will continue
its increased investigative efforts of heavy-duty gasoline engine classes. The
Agency will also continue investigations into the operations of importers of non-
conforming vehicles to ensure that certification procedures are adequately
implemented. The Selective Enforcement Audit (SEA) program will conduct
approximately six audits of light-duty vehicle manufacturer facilities, ten
audits of heavy-duty manufacturer facilities, and six production compliance
audits in support of the nonconformance penalties (NCPs) program to ensure that
new production vehicles and engines meet emissions and NCP requirements.
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1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of.$13,135,800 supported by 121.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $7,645,700 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,490,100 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
EPA will promulgate'rules allowing the use of marketable oxygen credits
from gasolines with higher oxygen content to offset the sale or use of gasoline
with a lower oxygen content for 39 areas throughout the country. The fuel
inspection program will begin to enforce the more stringent Phase II fuel
volatility requirements and also sample for alcohol and other fuel additives by
collecting approximately 8,000 fuel samples from refiners, importers,
distributors, and retail outlets throughout the country. The Agency expects
these inspections to lead to approximately 100 notices of violations. A total
of 375 tampering investigations will result in approximately 120 notices of
violation. The Agency will audit the incidence of tampering and fuel switching
at 15 sites primarily to gauge the effectiveness of the anti-tampering programs
implemented by state and local jurisdictions. The Agency issued a determination
on the methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT), a gasoline additive
and octane enhancer, fuel waiver request.
The EPA recall program will investigate 37 suspect light-duty vehicle
classes and carry out related diagnostic evaluation and remedy development work.
The Agency will also conduct two investigations to assess compliance with the
more stringent full useful life standards of high mileage, light-duty truck
classes. In addition, the Agency will implement a small heavy-duty recall
program that will conduct three investigations of heavy-duty engine classes
(gasoline and diesel). The Agency will continue investigations into the
operations of importers of non-conforming vehicles to ensure that certification
procedures are adequately implemented. The SEA program will conduct six audits
of light-duty vehicle manufacturer facilities, ten audits of heavy-duty
ma- acturer facilities, and six production compliance audits in support of the
NC . rogram to ensure that new production vehicles and engines meet emissions and
NCP requirements.
^., .. Accomplishments
In 1991 the Agency obligated a total of $10,874,300 supported by 113.7
total workyears for this program, of which $6,868,400 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,005,900 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
, In 1991 the focus of fuels enforcement shifted from lead phase-down
enforcement to the development of an enforcement program for oxygenated fuels
required by the new amendments in 39 areas throughout the country beginning in
1992. EPA published proposed rules allowing the use of marketable oxygen credits
from gasolines with higher oxygen content to offset the sale or use of gasoline
with a lower oxygen content. EPA also published proposed rules for lead
substitutes and the "substantially similar" definition for diesel fuel.
EPA continued the recall program with the investigation of 45 suspect
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light-duty vehicle classes (eight at high altitude), together with related
diagnostic evaluation and remedy development work. The Agency continued the
implementation of the regulatory revisions to the imports program. The program
'processed 11,214 applications"for importation of nonconforming vehicles. The SEA
program conducted ten audits of light-duty vehicle manufacturer facilities, ten
audits of heavy-duty manufacturer facilities, and six production compliance
audits in support of the NCP program to ensure .that new production vehicles and
engines met emissions and NCP requirements.
The EPA fuel inspection program continued enforcement of the fuel
volatility requirements and also sampled for alcohol and other fuel additives by
collecting approximately 12,227 fuel samples from refiners, importers,
distributors, and retail outlets. Additionally, the Agency conducted a total of
466 tampering investigations. These inspections, along with the anti-tampering
and anti-fuel switching enforcement programs resulted in 262 notices of
violations. A waiver request for MMT was submitted by the Ethyl Corporation.
The Agency also audited the incidence of tampering and fuel switching at 15 sites
primarily to gauge the effectiveness of the anti-tampering programs implemented
by state and local jurisdictions. EPA continued to assist with the
implementation and assessment of state and local programs aimed at preventing
tampering and fuel switching.
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3. WATER QUALITY
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
WATER QUALITY 3-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Water Quality Research 3-12
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Water Quality and Grants Program Management 3-24
Water Quality Management 3-25
Great Lakes Program 3-26
Chesapeake Bay Program 3-28
Engineering & Analysis 3-32
Engineering and Analysis 3-32
Grants Assistance Programs 3-34
Clean Lakes Program 3-35
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106) 3-36
Water Quality Strategies Implementation 3-39
Wetlands Protection 3-41
Nonpoint Source Management Grants 3-43
Wetlands Implementation Program 3-45
Oil Spills Program 3-46
Nonpoint Source Implementation 3-47
Ocean Disposal Permits 3-47
Environmental Emergency Response and Prevention 3-49
Water Quality Criteria & Standards & Applications 3-52
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis 3-55
Assessment and Watershed Protection .... 3-56
Coastal Environment Management 3-58
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis 3-61
Municipal Pollution Control 3-63
Municipal Pollution Control 3-64
ENFORCEMENT
Water Quality Enforcement 3-67
Water Quality Permit Issuance 3-71
-------
ACTUAL
1391 "
PRES.
3UDGET
1992
EXACTED
1992
C'JRREST
ESTIMATE
1992
RECUES7
1393
CECREASE -
:333 VS 1332
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IS THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
Rtimbursiocnts
Oil Spills Trust Fund
TOTAL. W«t«r Quality
Ocean Dumping Act
S119.255.9 S134.705.1 S128.784.3 S129.922.5 S138.**0.1 58.517.5
S286.563.2 S26*.332.3 3316,558.3 S316.717.1 3273,763.4 -3*2.353 ^
312,556.1 313,534.7 316,229.0 .316,109.5 317.275.8 31,156.3
319,661.1 S19.661.1
3*18,375.2 3*12,572.1 3*61.571.6 3462,7*9.1 3*49.140.4 -313.608.7
31.232.5 3622.6 -3622.6
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
2,094.3
2.198.7
2,330.8
2.330.8
2.330.8
2.330.8
2.237.3
2,314.3
2,373.9
2.373.3
136.0
59.0
3292.908.0 3376.419.9 3368.974.9 $369,392.5 3406.615.1 337,222.6
Th» Water Quality Act of 1987 reauthorized this program at a level
of 3410,270.0 for 1990. Authorization for the Clean Water Act as
amended in 1987 expired on September 30, 1989. Reauthorization is
pending.
3-1
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WAT2R 5S.VL.ITY
3 : " r i R E N C S
?RES. C'JKRSNT
3CSGET ENACTED ESTIMATE ENACTED VS EST. VS EST. VS
1992 1992 1992 ?R£S. 3UD PRES. 3t,T EXACTED
COOLERS IS THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Salarns & Exp«n»«i S13* . 705. 1 S128. 784 . 3 S129, 922. 5 -55, 920. 8 -34,782.6 SI.138.2
Abat«m«nt Control and 3264,332.3 S31S,553.3 3315,717.1 352,226.0 352,384.3 3153.3
Compliance
Ras«*rch 4 0«v»lofxn»nt 313,534.7 316,229.0 316,109.5 32,634.3 32.574.3 -3119.5
TCTAi. M»t«r Quality 3412,572.13461,571.63462,749.1348.399.5 350,177.0 31,177.5
Octan Dumping Act 3622.6 3622.6 3622.6
PERMANENT WORKYEARS 2,330.8 2.330,8 2,237.9 -92.9 -92.9
TOTAL WORKYEARS 2,330.8 2.330.8 2.314.9 -15.9 -315.9
SALARIES AMD EXPENSE
o Congressional!/ nandattd Salaries and Expcns* cut
o Congressional!/ requested redirection to increase nonpoint source FTE
ABATE^NT. CONTROL AND COMPLIANCE
o -36,000,000 for Coastal America
o Resources redirected for Agency's priorities
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
o Increases due to Congressional Add-ons:
Mineral Research Center
University of Nebraska wetlands projects (2)
Zebra mussel research
Great Lakes Prograa Office Research Support
o Congressional!/ mandated reductions in administrative expenses and other services
3-2
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MEDIA BRIDGE TABLE
(dollars in thousands)
1992 CURRENT ESTIMATE:
Changes by Category:
Workforce Costs (+/-)
Oil Spill Response
Legislative Initiatives (+/-)
Oil Spill Response
Program Initiatives (+/-}
Discontinuation of Specific
Increases to FY 1992 Request (-)
Other(+/-)
Oil Spill Response
1993 REQUEST:
WATER QUALITY
SAE
$129,923
$9,393
$401
$1,256
$2,429
ACAC
$316,717
$0
$0
$3,600
$28,200
RAD
$16,110
$0
$0
$0
$4,000
OIL
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
TOTAL
$462,749
$9.393
$401
$4.856
$34.629
$0 -$50,350 -$2,716
$0 -$53,066
$117 -$9,821 -$118 $0 -$9.822
-$5,078 -$14,583 $0 $19,661 $0
$138,440 $273,763 $17,276 $19,661 $449,140
3-3
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WATER QUALITY
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The legislative basis for EPA's water qualicy programs is founded in :he
Clean Water Act (CVA) , as amended; the Marine Protection, Research ar.-l
Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA) , as amended; the Marine" Plastic Pollution Research sr.d
Control Ace of 1987 (MPPRCA) ; the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA) ; and :he
Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments of 1990 (CZARA). These laws direcr
EPA to take measures protecting the Nation's waters to safeguard public health,
aquatic life, recreational uses and aesthetics.
The Water Quality Act (WQA) of 1987, which amended the Clean Water Ac:,
expanded and strengthened the statute through a number of changes designed to
enhance water quality and improve the important partnership between EPA and the
states. The amended Act ratified existing programs, such as technology-based and
water quality-based effluent limits for point source dischargers. I: also
provided new tools, such as mandatory permits to control sewage sludge
contamination and administrative penalties to streamline enforcement actions, co
strengthen existing programs.
The WQA established new approaches to address existing water pollution
problems (e.g., new programs for control of nonpoint source pollution and
permitting of storm water discharges); authorized funds to capitalize state
revolving funds; and mandated requirements to address existing and emerging
problems, such as surface water toxic control programs. The Great Lakes Critical
Programs Act of 1990 amends the CWA to set a specific timetable for completion
of Remedial Action Plans (RAPs) and Lakewide Management Plans (LAMPs) in the
Great Lakes Basin and to specify minimum water quality standards for the Basin
that states must adopt. The CZARA vests important new nonpoint source
responsibilities in EPA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA) of the Department of Commerce.
The MPRSA is designed to protect the oceans from unregulated dumping of
material that would endanger human health, public welfare, the marine environment
or commerce. The Act authorizes the Agency to develop criteria for ocean
disposal of industrial waste, municipal sludge and dredged materials. EPA is
authorized to designate disposal sites and is responsible for the management and
monitoring of these sites. EPA is authorized to issue permits for all non-
dredged materials; however, the Corps of Engineers is responsible for permitting
the disposal of dredged material, using human health and marine impact criteria
developed by EPA.
The Ocean Dumping Ban Act, which amended the MPRSA, set a December 1991
deadline to end ocean dumping of sewage sludge and industrial waste (but no:
dredged material). As directed by the Act, EPA issued dumping permits and
negotiated agreements with the nine dumpers. These agreements included schedules
for ending the ocean dumping of sewage sludge and industrial waste and
implementation of disposal systems. Eight sewerage authorities ended dumping by
December 1991 and the last will cease dumping by June 1992.
The MPPRCA implements Annex V of the International Convention for the
Prevention of Pollution from Ships (1973). It also requires EPA to submit a
report to Congress on methods to reduce plastic pollution; assist NOAA in
3-4
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conducting a public education program; and prepare a New York Bight Restoration
Plan which includes addressing the problems associated with plastic debris in the
•New York Bight. •
The OPA significantly expands the Agency's authority to prevent and
r-inimize the resulting damage from accidental releases into the Nation's
navigable waterways. To further this objective, in 1993, the Agency will review
and approve facility response and area contingency plans, and bring enforcement
actions against parties responsible for oil releases.
The fundamental philosophy and goal of the 1993 water quality program
employs an ecosystem-based, risk-targeted approach to pollution control and
prevention. Over the past two decades, the water program has made great strides
in improving the Nation's water quality. Largely, our water quality successes
can be attributed to the control of pollution from point sources. Except for
combined sewer overflows (CSOs) and storm water discharges, which are our most
significant point sources not yet addressed, the remaining risks are largely from
nonpoint sources and habitat alteration. Other unresolved point source problems
include persistent toxics, sludge and pretreatment. Although fish have returned
to many waters, they are not always safe for human consumption and pose a risk
to other predators in the food chain because they are contaminated by significant
levels of toxic pollutants. These human health risks will be addressed in 1993
but we will also focus on the hazards to wildlife and habitat, in accordance with
the Science Advisory Board's recommendations.
The water quality program will focus on cross-media geographical activities
and carry out several legislatively mandated programs. More specifically, the
program continues its emphasis on the Agency's Geographic and Ecological theme,
directing activities not just geographically but strategically, by integrating
relevant EPA, state and local programs in selected appropriate watersheds with
high environmental and/or health risks. Finally, the water quality program
supports other Agency 1993 themes, including knowledge base, enforcement,
clusters and international efforts.
PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
Geographic and Ecological Theme
The water quality program priorities are consistent with the Agency's
Geographic and Ecological theme. Aquatic ecosystems represent the most
productive and diverse systems and habitats, the complexity of which present
unique ecological threats requiring site-specific solutions. In 1993, emphasis
is placed on targeted implementation to address the significant ecological
threats identified in various watershed areas throughout the Nation. The program
will develop and apply strategies tailored to address specific threats to habitat
and ecosystems. The program will refine and create improved methods and tools
for this ecosystem protection while states and regions identify low cost,
practical measures that are effective in reducing the impact of the most
significant stressors in most watersheds -- non-traditional sources.
As pare of the Great Lakes initiative, resources will focus on an
interagency Great Lakes habitat program demonstrating practices and tools for
iccelerating the restoration of aquatic and transitional zone habitats in
ronjunction with follow-on to the Assessment and Remediation of Contaminated
3-5
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Sediments demonstration projects. Wetlands protection activities will establish
baselines for habitat restoration in the Great Lakes Basin. Information on the
scientific basis of sediment criteria and' use of sediment standards in setting
water quality-based permit limits for point sources and loading limits for
nonpoint sources will be provided. Development and implementation of LAMPs and
RAPs will be further accelerated. The program will expand environmental
monitoring information management and data integration to aid in implementation
of LAMPs, RAPs and habitat restoration plans.
Investments for the Chesapeake Bay program will fulfill priority program
tasks, including development of a "tool chest" of computerized information
assistance to expand the ability of local governments to meet environmental
goals. Outreach efforts will increase and allow for expanded public involvement
in programs to reduce the effects of nonpoint sources of pollution. The Agency
will accelerate the pace of the Nutrient Reduction Program to meet the goals of
a 40-percent reduction of nutrient levels by the year 2000.
Efforts in the Gulf of Mexico will target the most critical and vulnerable
marine life through work on the nutrient enrichment project, marine debris action
plan and habitat degradation activities. Support will continue for BAYWATCH and
beach cleanup activities, the Florida Marine Key Sanctuary water quality plan,
coastal erosion projects and other important work of the Gulf program's technical
subcommittees. The water quality program will support the Agency's Caribbean
initiative by providing technical support for local management of coastal water
quality in response to human health and aquatic life risks due to pollution and
loss of habitat.
In support of the Nonpoint Source initiative, the program will work with
states to assure development of approvable coastal nonpoint source (NPS) programs
and focus efforts on EPA's Agricultural Pollution Prevention Strategy to support
development of nutrient management plans that can be implemented through the
President's Water Quality Initiative and state Section 319 programs. Work will
continue with other Federal agencies to identify best available management
measures economically achievable for NPS sectors. Assistance will be provided
to states and qualified Indian tribes in implementing necessary management
measures for the highest-risk nonpoint sources in critical watersheds and in
expanding the storm water permitting program to highest priority cities and
counties. Resources will be directed at building capacity to develop and issue
permits to control non-traditional sources of pollution (CSOs and storm water).
A highlight of the Agency's Wetlands initiative is a focus on the
development of wetlands mitigation banking systems. These systems provide
scientifically sound and relatively low-risk compensation for the unavoidable
loss of wetlands in which compensatory mitigation for more than one project is
aggregated and effected in advance at a single large sice. The program will also
'support states as they build on anticipatory approaches to wetlands protection
with increased use of advance identification, special area management plans and
comprehensive state wetlands plans, among others. Education/outreach activities
to the agricultural community will be expanded to counter the high level of
misinformation and confusion regarding scope and authority of the regulatory
program. A coordinated, cohesive and consistent dredge material testing and
disposal strategy will be prepared to help protect aquatic habitats from toxic
pollutant impacts of contaminated dredged material.
3-6
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Activities supporting the Agency's Estuaries initiative will continue to
emphasize a strong program of planning and implementation of the national estuary
program (NEP) , with the trans.fer of lessons learned from plan development for
NEPs to other important estuaries and water bodies. -The Agency will continue
development of near coastal waters strategies to better target resources.
The water quality program also supports the Mexican Border initiative to
address the major water-related sanitation issues raised by the U.S.-Mexico
Border Environmental Plan. The 1993 program will allow U.S. support for cost-
shared Mexican wastewater facilities to begin a program to provide needed
services to U.S. colonias and Mexican border cities including improved technical
assistance.
As part of the Agency's plan to target work on a geographic and ecological
basis, the water quality research program will initiate several new research
efforts. Additional research in the Gulf of Mexico and the Great Lakes will
support development of aquatic ecocriteria to provide the more comprehensive set
of tools needed to identify and assess the cumulative impact of diffuse sources
of pollution and stresses on such ecosystems,' to shape pollution prevention
programs and to select restoration approaches. Another research initiative will
focus on the impact of multimedia nitrogen on estuarine and near coastal
ecosystems, particularly the Chesapeake Bay. Nitrogen compounds are a major
source of environmental degradation and are responsible for much of the
eutrophication seen in virtually every estuary in the country. The program will
also initiate work to develop and apply a risk-based framework to identify and
prioritize major risks to habitat values, including wetlands habitats. In
support of the President's wetlands initiative, EPA will perform research on
natural wetlands functions and values. The scale and intensity of habitat
modification and the subsequent loss and degradation of critical natural
functions has become immense in the United States, with long-term adverse
consequences to both ecological and socioeconomic values. Further support for
the wetlands initiative will be provided through increased research on
constructed wetlands both for use as a viable wastewater treatment alternative
and as a way of mitigating wetlands loss and degradation.
Improved Knowledge Base Theme
The water quality program will support the Agency's Improved Knowledge Base
theme through a focus on improving the quality and application of the scientific
and technical tools that underlie water programs and support water quality
decisions and that are essential to the protection of human health and the
environment. In particular, efforts will focus on scientific improvements in the
areas of assessing human and ecological risk and contamination of fish and
sediment; controlling and preventing industrial toxic releases; assisting and
guiding in implementation of these tools; and measuring the success of our
« prevention and control programs.
In support of the Agency's initiative to Improve Health and Ecological
Risk, the water quality program is enhancing its scientific capabilities for
developing consistent methodologies for human health and ecological risk
assessments. This focus will support development of improved methodologies for
assessing exposure to contaminants in surface water and hazards that account for
a chemical's mechanism of action as well as improved methods to quantify and
.escribe risks.
3-7
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The water quality program will support the Agency's Information Management
Initiative through activities to improve data management and develop/refine
environmental indicators. • The Agency will expand and accelerate the
modernization of EPA water quality information sys'tems' and increase efforts to
perfect wasteload allocations, which will enhance decision-making for
ecologically-based watershed management. The contribution to increasing the
knowledge base will be continued by pushing for greater consistency in water
quality data reported by states under Section 305(b). Improving this data will
strengthen our ability to base future choices on where to target Agency resources
among different watersheds and geographic areas. In addition, development of the
knowledge base and indicator data to support risk-based selection of regional
watershed projects will be continued. Our ability to defend project selections
based on environmental data will largely dictate our success in these efforts in
the future.
International Theme
Within the Agency's International Theme, the water quality program supports
the Promotion of Technology Innovation/Technology Transfer and the Eastern Europe
initiatives. Activities to support the Agency's Eastern Europe initiative will
include: an expansion of the Technical Exchange Program initiated in 1991 to
cover additional countries and a larger number of exchange opportunities in
Eastern Europe as well as bringing Eastern Europeans to the U.S. for first-hand
observation of treatment facilities and technologies; an expansion of efforts to
introduce constructed wetlands as a control technology; and technical assistance
to address highest priority water quality problems.
The Agency's Promotion of Technology Innovation and Trade initiative is
supported by the water quality program through the effluent guidelines program.
The Agency's technical and economic analysis capabilities will be improved by
activities to develop guidelines for high priority, unregulated industries and
to update obsolete guidelines. Strengthening the effluent guidelines program
will provide important pollution control tools by the transfer of technologies
to states, municipalities and many other nations that rely on U.S. guidelines for
their own environmental protection programs.
Consulting Services
The Agency uses consulting resources to fulfill the requirements of its
authorizing legislation. Specifically, EPA uses these resources to provide
technical assistance to regions, states and local governments; collect data and
monitor background levels as a basis for future regulatory actions; and conduct
studies and analyses which support new programs.
3-8
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WATER QUALITY
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
Actual
1991
Current •
Estimate Estimate
1992 1993
Ocean Dumping Dredged Material
Permit Review 192
Ocean Dumping
Site Designations 5
Ocean Discharge Criteria Eval.
General 1
Major 3
Minor 5
Construction Grants
Awards1 118
Active Construction Grants
Projects (EOY) 4,820
Construction Projects
Initiating Operations (EOY). 497
Permits Issued by EPA:
Municipal4
Major 162
Sludge Requirements .... 265
Non-Municipal6
Major 156
General 5
Adjudicatory Hearings*
Settled . . . 106
Enforcement Actions7:
Inspections 2,277
Admin Compliance Orders (ACOs) 721
Admin Penalty Orders (APOs) . 282
Civil Litigation 78
Criminal Litigation 28
Clean Lakes Projects/Studies/
Assessments 107
Water Quality Criteria
Aquatic Life 0
Sediment 0
205
3
21
23
35
3,921
367
174
285
180
12
116
2,037
549
353
77
32
90
4
5
237
3
19
23
10
2,997
308
229
300
142
10
120
2,192
675
235
91
32
4
2
Increase ( + )
Decrease (-)
1993 vs.
1992
+32
0
0
-2
0
-25
-924
-59
+55
+15
-38
-2
+4
+155
+126
-118
+14
0
-90
0
-3
3-9
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WATER QUALITY
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Cumulative Outputs
Operational SRF Programs8
Effluent Guidelines . . .
Regulations/Support Documents
for Sludge Reuse/Disposal . .
NPDES State Program Approvals .
General Permit State Programs8.
National Estuary Projects . . .
Water Quality Criteria
Aquatic Life
Sediment
Actual
1991
51
51
0
39
28
17
35
0
Current .
Estimate Estimate
1992 1993
51
52
1
39
36
IS
39
5
51
54
1
39
39
21
43
7
Increase (+)
Decrease (-)
1993 vs.
1992
0
+2
0
0
+3
+3
+4
+2
Quicker conversion to SRF.
2More recent data.
^Revised projections.
4 Majors - The permit issuance total for major municipals issued by EPA will
increase slightly over this three year period as Regions are
beginning to be able to handle the more complex permits and states
have adopted new water quality standards which will be reflected as
necessary. Our estimate for 1993 increases over 1992 as it includes
any backlogged permits not committed to in 1992.
Sludge - Both majors and minors are combined as one number.
6 Majors - The permit issuance total for major non-municipals issued by EPA
decreases as states are able to handle the more complex permits.
General - 1992 general permits will cover baseline requirements for the
category of storm water dischargers associated with industrial
activity. A general permit is an administrative mechanism to allow
the state or Region to cover more than one discharger with similar
characteristics with one permit (e.g., storm water discharges
associated with industrial activities, boat yards, fish hatcheries).
3-10
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WATER QUALITY
"There were more adjudicatory hearings settled in 1991 than previously estimated
as more permittees appealed water quality-based limits being placed in permits.
As the permits are more complex and states adopt additional water quality
standards for toxics, the permits are more controversial and appeals will
continue at increased levels.
Enforcement Action estimates are calculated based on rate of non-compliance.
The inspection estimates reported in the 1992 justification only included NPDES
inspections; pretreatment and sludge inspections are now included in these
estimates.
8Fifty states and Puerto Rico have operational SRF programs.
9An additional 11 states were delegated general permitting authority in 1991;
with eight more expected in 1992 and three more in 1993, that will complete all
of the states in the country that are currently eligible for general permitting
(i.e., that also have NPDES authority). This will greatly reduce the
administrative burden on the regions with the storm water permitting program.
3-11
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Research and
Development
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
WATER QUALITY
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Water Quality Research 3-12
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Research
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Water Quality Research
Salaries & Expenses $15,432.5 $15,117.3 $14,715.4 $14,488.4 $15,375.6 $887.2
Research & Development $12,556.1 $13,534.7 $16,229.0 $16,109.5 $17,275.8 $1,166.3
TOTAL $27,988.6 $28,652.0 $30,944.4 $30,597.9 $32,651.4 $2,053.5
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $15,432.5 $15,117.3 $14,715.4 $14,488.4 $15,375.6 $887.2
Research & Development $12,556.1 $13,534.7 $16,229.0 $16,109.5 $17,275.8 $1,166.3
Water Quality Research TOTAL $27,988.6 $28,652.0 $30,944.4 $30,597.9 $32,651.4 $2,053.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Water Quality Research 253.4 261.3 261.3 254.4 236.9 -17.5
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 253.4 261.3 261.3 254.4 236.9 -17.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Water Quality Research 270.3 261.3 261.3 254.4 236.9 -17.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS 270.3 261.3 261.3 254.4 236.9 -17.5
3-12
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Research'
Principal Outputs
1993 o Draft methodology establishing site-specific sediment quality
criteria for guidance to the states and Regions will undergo
review.
o Interim report on pilot study of subsurface-flow constructed
wetlands at Tennessee Technical.
o Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory (RREL) Treatability Data
Base Version 5.0
o Report on evaluations of membrane technology for treatment of
produced water for oil and gas.
o Report on recovery of site-specific marine microcosms perturbed by
selected toxic chemicals in Boston Harbor.
o Report on ecological evaluation of the suitability of current
techniques for assessing contaminated sediment.
o Report on fish consumption rates for humans: national and site
specific.
o Report on the development and application of toxicity
identification evaluation procedures for ambient water.
o Report on state-of-the-science review on stressors, impacts, and
indicators of function of urban emergent wetland types.
o Pathogen risk assessment methodology for surface disposed sludge.
o Preliminary risk assessment for pathogens in landfilled sludge.
1992 o Methodology applied to estimated exposure pathways from
contaminated sediments (i.e., fish, water column, plants).
o Report on bioassessment protocols to support implementation of
biocriteria.
o Validated analytical marine methods for chemical, fish tissue and
sediment toxicity will be provided to Regions.
o Preliminary design guidance will be developed for subsurface-flow
constructed wetlands systems.
o Reports and summaries will be provided on sludge incineration
3-13
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studies.
o RREL Treatability'Data Base Version 4.0.
o Protocols for the characterization of the cause of chronic
toxicity in effluents.
o Revise methods for acute aquatic toxicity identification (Phase
II) and toxicity confirmation (Phase III).
o Report on validation studies for sediment quality criteria.
o Report on comparison of results from in-situ biomonitoring and on-
site marine effluent tests.
o Manual of nutrient and metals methods for marine and estuarine
waters will be updated.
o Pathogen risk assessment methodology for landfilled sludge.
o Report on most-exposed population approach for comparing risks of
sewage sludge disposal options.
o Technical support will be provided to the Regions and states on
existing water quality standards and revise ambient water quality
criteria as necessary.
1991 o Report on feasibility study on the consolidation of wastewater and
drinking water methods.
o Guidance manual developed for EPA and State use in
evaluation/certification of toxicity testing laboratories.
o Report on survival, viability and detection of pathogenic protozoa
in sludge.
o Assessment of toxicants in storm water runoff.
o Wastewater treatability evaluations provided for pesticide
manufacturing.
o RREL Treatability Data Base Version 3.0 was completed.
o Report on the application of wasteload allocation models to
multiple discharge sources into estuaries.
o Report on Dredge Material Assessment Techniques.
o Toxicological data report provided on the toxicity of selected
organic chemicals (phenanthrene and acenaphthene) to marine
benthic amphipods.
o Site-specific health hazards evaluated as required by States and
EPA (technical support).
3-14
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Preliminary risk assessments provided for pathogens in land-
applied sludge.
Technical support provided to the Regions and states on existing
water quality standards and revised ambient water quality criteria
as necessary.
3-15
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Research
BUDGET REQUEST
This is a restructured program element for those identified in the 1992
Budget Request. Resources are identified at the new program element level and
not at the program issue level.
1993 Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $32,651,400 supported by 236.9 total
workyears for 1993, of which $15,375,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $17,275,800 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $887,200 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $1,166,300 in the Research and
Development appropriation, and a decrease of 17.5 total workyears. The
increases provide partial support for Agency initiatives targeted on an
ecosystem basis for the Gulf of Mexico, Great Lakes, Chesapeake Bay and
wetlands. The decrease in total workyears reflects base redirections to
support research priority initiatives where scientific information is needed
to address higher health and environmental risks.
1992 Budget
The Agency is allocating a total of $30,597,900 supported by 254.4 total
workyears for this program element, of which $14,488,400 is from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $16,109,500 is from the Research and
Development appropriation.
1991 Budget
The Agency obligated a total of $27,988,600 supported by 270.3 total
workyears for this program element, of which $15,432,500 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $12,556,100 was from the Research and
Development appropriation.
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
The Water Quality research program provides the scientific and technical
data to States and EPA's Office of Water to implement the Clean Water Act
(CWA), and the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA).
Objectives are to provide:
o scientific base to help States develop water quality standards, conduct
use-attainability analyses, and implement the Agency's water quality
based pollution control program;
.p research needed by EPA for evaluating impacts of ocean disposal
practices, and conducts research on the Great Lakes, Chesapeake Bay, and
3-16
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Gulf of Mexico ecosystems, other estuarine and coastal waters, and
natural wetlands; and
o technical information, engineering and monitoring assistance needed by
EPA, States, municipalities, and industry to develop and implement
wastewater treatment and sludge disposal regulations, and develops
technology for environmental mitigation and restoration such as
constructed wetlands.
RESEARCH ISSUES
The sections below describe research program issues by each fiscal year.
WATER QUALITY BASED APPROACH TO PERMITTING
1993 Program Request
EPA will conduct research to develop the water quality criteria
necessary for the protection and enhancement of the designated uses of our
nation's waters. The research will provide the scientific base for the
development and implementation of Federal and State water quality standards.
The research employs two major techniques: developing water quality criteria
for individual contaminants and adapting those criteria to site-specific or
regional conditions; and developing methods for determining the toxic
components of complex effluent and predicting maximum safe chronic contaminant
levels. These activities are the driving forces behind the scientific
develop-nent of criteria-based regulations, application of those regulations by
Federal, State and local communities, and their ultimate enforcement.
As part of the Agency's initiatives to target efforts on a geographic
ecosystem basis, EPA will initiate several new research efforts. One of these
research initiatives will focus on the impact of multimedia nitrogen on
estuarine and near coastal ecosystems, particularly the Chesapeake Bay.
Nitrogen compounds are a major source of environmental degradation and are
responsible for much of the eutrophication seen in virtually every estuary in
the country. To deal with this problem, EPA will begin the development of an
integrated risk assessment of how air, land and water management practices
related to the release of nitrogen compounds affect selected waterbasins. The
research will include efforts to estimate the impact of atmospheric deposition
of nitrogen on the Chesapeake Bay. This research initiative will allow EPA
and the States to evaluate the ecological consequences of alternative nitrogen
control options and to select the wisest combinations of policies.
The Agency will investigate methodologies to identify, measure, and
"compare wetlands functions and values. EPA will also initiate work to develop
and apply a risk-based framework to identify and set priorities regarding the
major risks to habitat values, including wetlands. The scale and intensity of
habitat modification and the subsequent loss and degradation of critical
natural functions has become immense in the United States, with long-term
adverse consequences to both ecological and socioeconomic values. The Science
Advisory Board (SAB) recognized the gravity of this problem by ranking the
loss and alteration of terrestrial and aquatic habitats at the highest level
of ecological risk. EPA will develop methods and data to support risk-based
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approaches Co habitat assessment, management, and monitoring. The assessment
component will rank relative risks to major habitat types based on their
associated value and major stfessors. The management component will evaluate
how high value habitats will respond to specific protection and restoration
strategies. The monitoring component will develop landscape level indicators
of habitat condition in coordination with the Environmental Monitoring and
Assessment Program (EMAP)..
EPA will carry out a variety of other research activities in support of
the water quality based approach to permitting pollutant discharges into
freshwater, estuarine, and marine aquatic environments. It will conduct a
quality assurance program to ensure that ambient water quality monitoring data
used in regulation setting, enforcement, and compliance actions are
scientifically defensible. It will also conduct research on biological,
chemical, and microbiological monitoring methodologies to support the use of
such methodologies in the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) permit process; research to support the development of criteria to
protect wildlife and human health and to develop improved freshwater and
marine water quality criteria; research to develop and improve methods for
health-based risk assessments, especially in the area of multi-chemical
exposures; research to assess and identify populations at high risk within
specific regions or based on socioeconomic measures; activities to develop
health advisories in support of effluent regulations; research to develop
cost-effective methods for identifying the cause of toxicity in industrial and
municipal effluents; and efforts to develop and evaluate techniques for
diagnosing and ranking the causes of ecological impairment from point and non-
point pollutant sources.
To help implement the President's "No Net Loss of Wetlands" goal,
research on natural wetlands will increase. EPA will continue an expanded
wetlands research program to quantify the water quality functions of wetlands;
evaluate their sensitivity to contaminants and the adequacy of existing water
quality criteria; assess the effects of cumulative losses on water quality,
hydrologic functions and biota; and improve methods and guidance to mitigate
wetlands losses and enhance their value. EPA will also continue to carry out
an expanded program of studies to assess the significance of contaminated
sediments as a source of toxic chemical residues in biota and to estimate
direct impacts on benthic communities in both small and large water bodies.
It will also develop methods for assessing exposure to humans from
contaminated sediments. This work will lead to the development of National
Sediment Quality Criteria for marine and freshwater systems for use in
establishing State sediment quality standards and in the NPDES permit process.
1992 Program
The CWA Amendments place emphasis on developing methods to measure and
monitor water quality. In support of this activity, EPA is developing and
standardizing methods and providing field-tested protocols to assess ambient
water quality. In addition, EPA is evaluating biological and microbial
monitoring techniques and promulgating standardized tests to measure chronic
toxicity. EPA conducts semi-annual performance evaluation studies to review
and revise the Agency's Quality Assurance support. It develops performance
Criteria for NPDES permit analysis, and investigates analytical method
Deficiencies identified by NPDES permitters.
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In response to the Post-BAT (Best Available Technology) requirements of
the CWA Amendments, EPA is developing methods to determine what uses are
attainable in aquatic systems, and working on integrating pollutant-specific
control methods with whole toxicity testing procedures and best available
technology limits for use in permitting. Research is providing support to the
Agency and States on health criteria for water quality, developing health
advisories in support of effluent regulations, and providing technical support
for risk assessment. EPA is also providing methodologies to assess water
quality functions of wetlands, assessing individual and cumulative impacts of
wetland conversions, and evaluating means of mitigating wetland impacts. EPA
is emphasizing research on sediment quality and wetlands as part of the
Agency's 1992 Initiative on wetlands. The data from these studies will assist
the States in developing strategies for controlling and understanding toxic
sediment pollutants in both small and large water bodies and for implementing
the "No Net Loss" goal for wetlands.
Congressional Directives. A total of $716,000 is for Congressionally
directed projects for research at the Natural Resources Research Institute's
Mineral Research Laboratory ($600,000), and two wetlands research projects at
the University of Nebraska ($116,000).
1991 Accomplishments
EPA provided cost-effective monitoring methods to the Agency and States
for the measurement of chemical and biological parameters required in the
NPDES program and in the assessment of fresh water quality and quantifying
contaminants in sediments and sludge. Major 1991 accomplishments include the
development of water quality criteria for wildlife for selenium and mercury,
field verification of methods for deriving sediment quality criteria for
metals, and an evaluation of the dredged material assessments for. the revised
Implementation Manual for Section 103 of the Marine Protection, Research, and
Sanctuaries Act. Sixty-four ambient water quality documents were updated.
Interlaboratory comparisons were performed to assess the performance of
chemical and biological methods for the analysis of contaminants regulated
under NPDES. A repository of toxic standards and calibration samples was
maintained. Research was conducted on methods to integrate whole effluent
testing procedures with chemical-specific control technology. Methods were
developed to begin to assess water quality functions of wetlands and the
ecological impacts associated with the cumulative loss and mitigation of
wetlands.
MARINE. ESTUARIES. AND LAKES
*
1993 Program Request
EPA will conduct research to develop the scientific data needed to
support environmentally sound programs for estuaries, large lakes, and oceans.
It will focus on developing methodologies for predicting contaminant movement
and transformations, and predicting exposures and effects of contaminants on
organisms, communities, and ecosystems within such waterbodies. Major
research areas include developing bioaccumulation and mass balance models,
whole effluent toxicity tests, and ecological risk assessment methodologies.
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The development of risk assessment methodologies draws heavily on
bioaccumulation, chemical mixtures, whole effluent toxicity testing, and bio-
monitoring research conducted' under the Water Quality Based Approach to
Permitting issue.
As part of the Agency's Initiatives to target efforts on a geographic
ecosystem basis, EPA will initiate research to develop aquatic ecocriteria.
Aquatic ecosystems are sensitive to pollution and, as such, serve as a
sentinel in assessing the health of our ecological resources, giving early
warning in pollution programs and providing benchmarks in restoration of
waterbody or watersheds already adversely impacted. Aquatic communities would
likely be among the first to show the impacts of global climate change.
Current scientific knowledge allows EPA to control specific pollutants
in our waters through the use of water quality criteria, and to control toxic
discharges using toxicity-based permitting of point sources of pollution.
However, scientific knowledge is insufficient to formulate comprehensive
approaches to protect aquatic ecosystems from the cumulative impact of diffuse
sources of pollution and from a large variety of non-pollutant stresses or
disturbances. To overcome this problem, EPA must develop ecological criteria
which address multiple impacts over larger spatial scales. (Ecological
criteria are measures of waterbody/watershed characteristics and use which are
the primary determinants of water quality and ecological structure and
function). Such criteria must be formulated to assimilate a new understanding
of the physical, chemical and biological integrity of natural waters into a
regulatory instrument for regional planning. By developing such criteria, EPA
will create methods and guidance to identify risks associated with human
activity to shape pollution prevention programs and to select restoration
approaches in areas of diminished ecological integrity. Ecological criteria
will apply to specific geographic regions. This work will initially focus
primarily on the Gulf of Mexico and to a lesser extent the Great Lakes.
Subsequent work will include aquatic ecocriteria for the Chesapeake Bay.
This research Initiative includes three components:
o the design of biological criteria which are derived from direct measures
of the structure and function of resident aquatic communities as
measures of ecological integrity;
o a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based water body characterization
system (expert system) to provide estimates of potential aquatic
community structure/function which could exist under stress-free
conditions. Accurate estimates of what could be attained compared to
present conditions will serve to set risk-based priorities for pollution
prevention strategies; and
o the development of restoration criteria for ecosystem integrity which
provide diagnostic methods to determine the most cost-effective approach
to restore integrity.
EPA will carry out a variety of other research activities to evaluate
the impact of contaminants on estuarine, lake and marine environments.
Research will focus on the source, fate and effect of toxic substances in the
Great Lakes and their connecting channels, studies of exotic species
3-20
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(especially the zebra mussel), studies on mass balance models for Lake
Ontario, studies on contaminants discharged through ocean outfalls,
assessment methods associated with dredge materials, and the development of
assessment methods for near coastal and estuarine waters including efforts to
characterize point and non-point sources of pollution. EPA is using
"biomarkers" research and DNA applications research to assess stresses on
biological communities and ecosystems. EPA will also prepare standardized
chemical, biological and microbiological methods and reference materials for
regulating and monitoring pollutants in marine and estuarine waters, and to
support quality assurance activities.
1992 Program
EPA is providing standardized analytical methods to the Regions,
particularly in the estuarine and marine areas. EPA conducts' research on
marine methods consistent with the Agency's priority needs for validated
chemical, biological and sediment toxicity methods. Methods are being
developed to determine microbial quality in marine systems including standard
methods to distinguish human and animal fecal contamination. Protocols for
monitoring coastal waters, viruses in shellfish, and bacteria associated with
fish diseases are also being developed. In addition, EPA is developing
assessment procedures to evaluate impacts due to ocean disposal of wastes in
coastal waters. The integration of these procedures will help determine the
relative safety of ocean disposal and provide comparison of alternative
disposal strategies. Research in support of the Agency's goal to reduce
pollution in near coastal waters will focus on recovery of coastal ecosystems,
biomarker assessment methods, coastal eutrophication problems, and developing
wasteload allocation models for estuarine and coastal waters.
EPA is carrying out an expanded program of research on the Great Lakes
to provide the scientific basis for cost-effective reduction of human and
ecological risk associated with use of the Great Lakes. EPA will emphasize
the assessment of contaminated sediments, the development of a mass balance
model for Lake Ontario, and on assessing the impacts and consequences of zebra
mussels and other nonindigenous species. Contaminated sediment research in
the Great Lakes is coordinated with the National program to develop sediment
quality criteria. Mass balance work will begin to develop regional airshed
and watershed models to better define the distribution mechanisms for toxic
chemicals. Other Great Lakes research includes developing and testing methods
to determine the sources, bioaccumulation, and fate of toxic chemicals in the
Great Lakes, and developing CIS based information systems for each lake basin
networked into a single computer.
Congressional Directives. A total of $2,250,000 is for the
* Congressionally directed projects for continued research on zebra mussels
($250,000) and for research in support of the Great Lakes National Program
office ($2,000,000).
1991 Accomplishments
Major accomplishments included providing methods to better assess the
impacts of ocean disposal and conducting estuarine and near coastal waters
research focused on ecosystem recovery, eutrophication, wasteload allocation,
and using biomarkers as assessment techniques in coastal waters. EPA
3-21
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completed a report on the application of wasteload allocation models to
multiple discharge sources into estuaries-. Also, EPA emphasized research to
develop mass balance models, technologies to assess contaminated sediments,
CIS based environmental data bases and decision-making systems, and to assess
the ecological effects of the zebra mussel.
WATER QUALITY TECHNOLOGY
1993 Program Request
EPA will conduct research to develop water quality technology necessary
to ensure the most cost effective and environmentally sound management and
disposal of wastewater, and to use technology for environmental mitigation and
restoration. The major components of the technology research program include:
development of improved municipal sludge management techniques; evaluation of
wastewater treatment technologies for publicly-owned treatment works; a
quality assurance program to ensure high-quality, inter-comparable data for
wastewater treatment regulation; pollution prevention and risk reduction; and
the development and evaluation of constructed wetlands for both wastewater
treatment and environmental mitigation and restoration purposes.
EPA will expand research on constructed wetlands. Research will
evaluate the use of constructed wetlands as a viable wastewater treatment
alternative that promises improved economics or effectiveness for small
communities. Research will also study the use of constructed wetlands as a
way of mitigating wetlands loss and degradation, and to help meet the "No Net
Loss of Wetlands" goal.
EPA will continue a shift in emphasis from classical wastewater
treatment technology towards risk reduction and pollution prevention. It will
emphasize such activities as the management of sediment pollution, retention
of pollutants from wet weather discharges, application of new technologies for
prevention of industrial water pollution, techniques for waste water handling
by small communities and development of beneficial uses for sewage sludge.
Research will also carry out other wastewater treatment research including
development of innovative and alternative technologies, review of plant
designs and efficiencies, development of methods for identifying toxic
chemicals in industrial effluents, evaluation of methods to remove toxics from
wastewater; sludge management research including evaluating the environmental
and health risks of organic chemicals, metals, and pathogens in sludge
disposed on land; technical assistance to support the update of sludge
regulations;and research to support the Agency's storm and combined sewer
overflow program. Quality assurance research provides support for the NPOES
program through its oversight of EPA and State testing laboratories, and
through methods development and evaluation for testing and monitoring of water
quality standards.
1992 Program
EPA is evaluating new wastewater technologies that promise improved
conomics or effectiveness primarily for small communities (i.e., constructed
ands). Results will be provided to States, municipalities, and design
professionals. Research is: developing risk assessment methods and criteria
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for pathogenic contaminants of sludge to which humans are most exposed;
providing support for the NPDES program through oversight of EPA and State
testing laboratories, and through methods development for regulatory
measurement of pollutants in industrial wastewater; conducting research to
support the Agency's storm and combined sewer overflow program mandated by the
Clean Water Act; conducting research on ecological fate and effects issues
associated with wetlands constructed for the treatment of wastewater from
small municipal dischargers and acid mine drainage; and providing technical
assistance to support the update of sludge regulations. EPA is maintaining
and updating the gas chromatograph/mass spectroscopy tape library as a
reference tool to assist States and laboratories in identifying contaminants.
Growing data bases will provide additional information on wastewater treatment
technology needed to support the NPDES program.
1991 Accomplishments
EPA evaluated new conveyance and treatment technologies. The results
will be provided to States, municipalities, and design professionals.
Technical investigations were conducted on the infrastructure of Publicly
Owned Treatment Works (POTWs). Results were provided to the municipalities to
help them realize full value of these investments and properly operate and
maintain the facilities. EPA provided technical assistance and research to
support the Agency's storm and combined sewer overflow program mandated by the
Clean Water Act. Research and technical assistance was continued in support
of sludge regulation implementation and revision. Research completed
treatability evaluations for pesticide manufacturing wastewater and provided
an assessment of toxicants in storm water runoff.
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Abatement and Control
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
WATER QUALITY
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Water Quality and Grants Program Management 3-24
Water Quality Management 3-25
Great Lakes Program 3-26
Chesapeake Bay Program 3-28
Engineering & Analysis 3-32
Engineering and Analysis 3-32
Grants Assistance Programs 3-34
Clean Lakes Program 3-35
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106) 3-36
Water Quality Strategies Implementation 3-39
Wetlands Protection 3-41
Nonpoint Source Management Grants 3-43
Wetlands Implementation Program 3-45
Oil Spills Program 3-46
Nonpoint Source Implementation 3-47
Ocean Disposal Permits 3-47
Environmental Emergency Response and Prevention 3-49
Water Quality Criteria & Standards & Applications 3-52
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis 3-55
Assessment and Watershed Protection 3-56
Coastal Environment Management 3-58
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis 3-61
Municipal Pollution Control 3-63
Municipal Pollution Control 3-64
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality And Grants Program Management
PROGRAM
Water Quality
Management
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Great Lakes Program
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Chesapeake Bay Program
Salaries & Expenses
/ Abatement Control and
Compl iance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Water Quality And TOTAL
Grants Program
Management
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Water Quality
Management
Great Lakes Program
Chesapeake Bay Program
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Water Quality
Management
Great Lakes Program
Chesapeake Bay Program
TOTAL WORKYEARS
ACTUAL -
1991
$6,014.4
$9,263.0
$15,277.4
$3,141.6
$14,556.1
$17,697.7
$1,801.4
$14,839.5
$16,640.9
$10,957.4
$38,658.6
$49,616.0
102.0
38.0
16.7
156.7
106.6
40.5
17.6
164.7
PRES.
BUDGET
1992
ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1992 ESTIMATE • 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$6,602.0 $6,602.0
$4,322.0 $6,272.0
$10,924.0 $12,874.0
$3,487.2
$9,523.7
$13,010.9
$1,545.0
$14,748.8
$16,293.8
$11,634.2
$28,594.5
$40,228.7
113.2
47.4
12.0
172.6
113.2
47.4
12.0
172.6
$3,356.8 $3,356.8 $3,562.2
$10,198.6 $10,198.6 $10,873.7
$13,555.4 $13,555.4 $14,435.9
$1,481.1 $1,481.1 $1,545.6
$16,598.8 $16,598.8 $18,248.8
$18,079.9 $18,079.9 $19,794.4
$11,439.9 $4,837.9 $5,107.8
$33.069.4 $26,797.4 $29,122.5
$44,509.3 $31,635.3 $34,230.3
113.2
47.4 43.8 48.4
12.0 11.4 12.0
172.6 55.2 60.4
113.2
47.4 47.2 48.4
12.0 12.0 12.0
172.6 59.2 60.4
$205.4
$675.1
$880.5
$64.5
$1,650.0
$1,714.5
$269.9
$2,325.1
$2,595.0
4.6
6
5.2
1.2
1.2
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality and Grants Program Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $34,230,300 supported by 60.4 total
workyears for 1993, an increase of $2,595,000 and an increase of 1.4 total
workyears from 1992. Of the request, $5,107,800 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $29,122,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $269,900 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and an increase of $2,325,100 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating no resources for this program due to the program
restructuring. Resources included in this program in the 1992 request are now
found in the Assessment and Watershed Protection program and the Municipal
Pollution Control program.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $15,227,400 supported by 106.6
total workyears for this program, of which $6,014,400 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $9,263,000 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The Agency, having approved all state Section 319 nonpoint source (NPS)
management programs, awarded grants to states to implement both statewide NPS
initiatives and targeted watershed NPS controls. Technical assistance was
provided to encourage states to use risk-based approaches in identifying the
impacts of NPS pollution on sensitive aquatic resources and targeting needed
controls. Support for state implementation of priority agricultural elements of
approved state NPS management programs in concert with the President's water
quality initiative was a high priority. The Agency's NPS activities were
coordinated with the Department of Agriculture in its role as the lead agency for
the President's Water Quality Initiative to take advantage of USDA's extensive
'delivery systems.
EPA provided direction and technical support to help states implement
geographically-targeted NPS management programs, emphasizing prevention and
control activities in specific watersheds at highest risk. The program managed
water quality cooperative agreements and grant funds to states and qualified
Indian tribes.
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GREAT LAKES PROGRAM
•1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,435,900 supported by 48.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,562,200. will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,873,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $205,400 in Salaries
and Expenses, an increase of $675,100 in Abatement, Control and Compliance, and
an increase of 1.2 total workyears. The increases reflect support for the
Agency's Great Lakes initiative through increased emphasis on open lake
monitoring and data management.
The Great Lakes National Program Office (GLNPO) will continue to provide
technical and management support for pollution prevention and control activities
in the Great Lakes Basin. The Five Year Strategic Plan, developed in
coordination with other Federal agencies and the Great Lakes states in 1991,
defines a risk-based management process aimed at reducing toxic loadings and
protecting critical habitats throughout the Basin. The multimedia, ecosystem-
based approach used in the Basin has become a model for the Agency.
In 1993, GLNPO will initiate expansion of data management and acquisition
capabilities to support Great Lakes environmental managers implementing Lakewide
Management Plans (LAMPs), Remedial Action Plans (RAPs) and habitat restoration
plans. This will include procuring equipment and programming support for
development of Laboratory Information Management systems on the Agency's research
vessel. The program will expand its ongoing Basin-wide environmental monitoring
activities in order to further identify and quantify the critical pollutants
causing impaired uses. Enhanced analyses of both surface water and atmospheric
deposition samples will accelerate pollutant inventories and loadings models in
support of LAMPs and RAPs. Results from both water and air deposition monitoring
will serve as the basis for designing control strategies, identifying emerging
pollution problems and fulfilling of international surveillance obligations. The
Great Lakes Atmospheric Deposition (GLAD) network will be enhanced by the
addition of one satellite station.
With the conclusion of the Assessment and Remediation of Contaminated
Sediments (ARCS) demonstration program of alternative technologies for the
remediation of contaminated sediments in five Great Lakes Areas of Concerns
(AOCs), GLNPO will continue the technology transfer of lessons and results to
other geographic areas. The program will redirect existing resources towards an
interagency Great Lakes habitat program demonstrating practices and tools for
accelerating the restoration of aquatic and transitional zone habitats in
conjunction with direct follow-on to the ARCS demonstration projects. The next
action on the Buffalo River will be the restoration of critical habitat areas in
* the watershed.
GLNPO will continue assisting the Regions and states in the development of
LAMPs for Lakes Michigan, Ontario and Superior; the LAMP for Lake Erie will be
initiated in 1993. The program will assist the states and Regions in completing
the RAPs for AOCs through the identification of environmental problems and causes
of use impairment and identification of specific remedial measures.
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1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $13,555,400 supported by 47.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,356,800 is from 'the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $10,198,600 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
GLNPO activities are guided by the Five Year Strategy. The program is
enhancing Great Lakes pollution prevention activities in order to effect a
reduction in the generation and release of toxic substances. Technical and
management support, including workshops, training and education, is being
provided through specific initiatives under the U.S. Great Lakes Pollution
Prevention Action Plan. Technical support and resources are provided for the
state and local development of the 31 U.S. and binational RAPs. States are
expected to have delivered 27 RAPs to the International Joint Commission by the
end of 1992, with appropriate remedial actions identified as a part of 16 RAPs.
Two geographic areas, the Niagara frontier (including two AOCs) and Northwest
Indiana (including one AOC), were targeted for enhanced enforcement and other
multi-media efforts by GLNPO, the Regions and the states. A third geographic
area is being so targeted in 1992. Development of the LAMPs for Lakes Michigan
and Ontario has been accelerated. Results of the Green Bay Mass Balance
demonstration project are supporting the design of load reduction strategies in
the Lake Michigan and Lake Ontario LAMPs. The Lake Superior LAMP is being
initiated in coordination with Regions and states in 1992.
The ARCS project is being completed in 1992. Efforts are shifting in the
direction of technology transfer to states and other geographic areas as well as
reporting to Congress. Special sediment studies on the Buffalo River will be
concluded. The Lake Guardian research vessel begins open water operations to
establish toxic pollutant baselines throughout the Great Lakes, expanding the
program beyond traditional conventional pollutants and fish monitoring programs.
The vessel also serves as an education/outreach platform for the Agency.
GLNPO is coordinating an intra- and inter-Agency review of U.S. Great Lakes
monitoring programs to ensure integration of monitoring activities in line with
strategic objectives. Great Lakes data management, including data integration,
analysis and assessment, is being similarly coordinated and focused. Habitat
restoration demonstration projects are underway.
Air toxics monitoring master stations on each of the Great Lakes are being
completed per Section 112 of the Clean Air Act Amendments. Consequently, the
GLAD network will begin redirecting its focus on loadings of toxic substances as
well as conventional pollutants. The GLAD network is also assisting in the
design of abatement/control strategies and the assessment of progress towards
toxics reduction.
The Administrator's second and third reports to Congress on the Great Lakes
are being submitted. GLNPO continues to participate in bilateral U.S./Canadian
committees.
Congressional Directives
A total of $675,000 is for the Congressionally directed project for cleanup
of the Buffalo River.
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1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $17,697,700 supported by 40.5
total workyears for this program, of which $3,141,'600'was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $14,556,100 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
An Agency Five Year Strategic Plan for the Great Lakes to reduce toxics and
protect/restore habitat and species diversity while controlling nutrients was
completed through the combined efforts of GLNPO, states, Regions and
headquarters, and with the involvement of the public. In addition, the Agency
completed a study on the effectiveness and efficiency of the Great Lakes National
Program Office.
The program increased support to Regions II and V for development of LAMPs
and for state/local development of RAPs. The ARCS program continued with pilot
field demonstrations of promising technologies to state contaminated sediment
problems at several locations. The Agency's replacement research vessel, RV Lake
Guardian, was outfitted with laboratory modules for toxics monitoring needs and
began operational surveys.
CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $19,794,400 supported by 12.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,545,600 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $18,248,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $64,500 in Salaries and
Expenses and an increase of $1,650,000 in Abatement, Control and Compliance. The
increase in Salaries and Expenses represents increased personnel costs. The net
increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects both the discontinuation
of funding for 1992 appropriations add-ons and increased support for nonpoint
source controls, habitat restoration and pollution prevention planning.
The Chesapeake Bay Program will continue and expand to provide interstate
leadership and technical and managerial support for the pollution prevention and
control activities of numerous agencies for the restoration of the Chesapeake Bay
and its living resources. Traditional coordination efforts among the Program and
Bay states will expand to include and integrate other EPA programs and Federal
agencies. The possibility of reducing nutrient loads faster and more cost-
effectively through pollution reduction trading will be investigated.
Implementation of the Basin-wide Nutrient Reduction Strategy will be
ongoing. To stay on course for achieving the goal of a 40 percent reduction in
nutrients entering the Bay by the year 2000, the program will accelerate the pace
of point and nonpoint source programs. Implementation grants to state agencies
for nonpoint source pollution control will yield a greater targeting of resources
to the highest areas of pollutant load based upon monitoring data. These grants
will also provide for standardization of nutrient management methods on farmlands
as well as expanded marketing of these methods to the private sector and the
public. Special emphasis will be placed on integrating the multiple nonpoint
source control authorities of EPA and other agencies.
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Activities to address toxics will involve a balance of research, monitoring)
and actual prevention and control projects. A reevaluation of the Basin-wide
Toxics Reduction Strategy will also be completed. The program will expand the
monitoring network to include air deposited-toxic's.
Bay modeling and management strategies will be refined to incorporate new
information about the impact of Clean Air Act Amendments requirements. Special
emphasis will be placed on refining environmental progress indicators, modeling
and management of air sources of nutrients and toxics. Cross-program
coordination will also be enhanced through the continued integration of water
quality and living resources management activities.
The program will establish quantitative Bay-wide restoration goals for the
diversity, abundance and distribution of living resources. Implementation of
species management plans will be accelerated. The program will foster habitat
enhancement through priority fish passage projects, by the refinement of wetlands
inventories in the region and by efforts to restore submerged grasses. Work on
the oyster reef demonstration, funded in the 1992 appropriation, will yield
valuable experience for reversing the precipitous decline in this critical
commercial species.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $18,079,900 supported by 12.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,481,100 is fron the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $16,598,800 is fron the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The Agency continues to meet its expanded responsibilities under the
Chesapeake Bay Agreement in concert with the States of Pennsylvania, Maryland and
Virginia; the District of Columbia; and the Chesapeake Bay Commission. The
Program continues management of state coordination, computer services/data
management, administrative and public information support.
The program is completing the reevaluation of Bay-wide nutrient loads and
nutrient reduction goals, as well as a reassessment of costs. The present goal
of the Basin-wide Nutrient Reduction Strategy is to achieve at least a 40-percent
reduction from 1985 nutrient levels entering the Bay's mainsten by the year 2000
despite increases in population and land development. Modifications to state-
specific nutrient reduction strategies are being undertaken and implementation
of the modified plans is proceeding.
Toxic studies, expanded monitoring data, pesticide management
demonstrations and use surveys, analytical capabilities surveys and toxic loading
inventories are a part of the continued implementation of the Basin-wide Toxics
Reduction Strategy that will ultimately refine and redirect the Strategy and
improve regulatory efforts. New elements being introduced through outreach and
negotiation place a greater emphasis on pollution prevention aspects and
voluntary reductions of toxics through outreach and negotiation. A scheduled
reevaluation of the Toxics Reduction Strategy is being developed for adoption by
the program committees. Efforts continue to integrate and coordinate the work
of the other EPA programs in support of the program. Targeted implementation
projects by other programs will expand using models and protocols developed to
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date for the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System and Federal facility
compliance improvements, air deposition modeling, Clean Air Act impacts analysis,
EMAP environmental indicators and wetlands baseline determinations. Efforts are
focusing to a greater extent on the funding of pollution prevention projects.
Congressional Directives
A total of $1,850,000 is for Congressionally directed projects, including
the Patuxent River Demonstration Project, oyster restoration in the Bay and
enhancements to the Bay water quality model.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $16,640,900 supported by 17.6
total workyears for this program, of which $1,801,400 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $14,839,500 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The Chesapeake Bay Program completed a review of the Bay monitoring
program. The Program, states and District of Columbia defined nutrient loads and
began the reevaluation of the nutrients reduction goal and reassessment of costs.
The Program worked to expand toxics data to include atmospheric deposition
data. The Agency continued activities to ensure public involvement in protection
and restoration of living resources and water quality. Reports, fact sheets and
media releases were produced, including the Annual Progress Report to the Public
on recent accomplishments. The Program's Strategic Directions and Action Agenda
were produced and distributed for public review. The Program was a participant
and contributor to the Agency's ongoing Near Coastal Waters technology transfer
activities.
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WATER DUALITY
Engineering and Analysis •
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Engineering and
Analysis
Salaries & Expenses $3,075.9 S3,761.6 S3,681.8 S3,688.1 $5,742.4 $2,054.3
Abatement Control and $9,378.3 $9,463.6 $9,463.6 $11,884.1 $15.884.1 . $4,000.0
Compliance
TOTAL $12,454.2 $13,225.2 $13,145.4 $15,572.2 $21,626.5 $6,054.3
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $3,075.9 $3,761.6 $3,681.8 $3,688.1 $5,742.4 $2,054.3
Abatement Control and $9,378.3 $9,463.6 $9,463.6 $11,884.1 $15,884.1 $4,000.0
Compliance
Effluent Standards & TOTAL $12.454.2 $13,225.2 $13,145.4 $15.572.2 $21,626.5 $6,054.3
Guidelines
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Engineering and 40.1 48.5 48.5 48.5 74.0 25.5
Analysis
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 40.1 48.5 48.5 48.5 74.0 25.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Engineering and 42.2 48.5 48.5 48.5 74.0 25.5
Analysis
TOTAL WORKYEARS 42.2 48.5 48.5 48.5 74.0 25.5
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WATER QUALITY
Engineering and Analysis
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $21,626,500 supported by 74.0 tocal
workyears for 1993, an increase of $6,054,300 and 25.5 workyears from 1992. Of
the request, $5,742,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$15,884,100 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $2,054,300 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,000,000 in the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS
1993 Program Request
In 1993, the Agency requests a total of $21,626,500 supported by 74.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $5,742,400 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $15,884,100 will be for the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,054,300 in Salaries
and Expenses and $4,000,000 in the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation and 25.5 total workyears. This reflects a transfer of 10.5 FTEs
from the RCRA Hazardous Waste Program.
The effluent standards and guidelines program will continue as a vital
element of the foundation of the water quality program implemented by EPA under
the Clean Water Act (CWA). To date, EPA has issued guidelines for 51 industrial
categories resulting in the annual removal of over one billion pounds of toxic
compounds from the nation's waters. As required by Section 304(m) of the CWA,
EPA will continue to review the existing guidelines and those industrial
categories not currently covered by guidelines to assess the risk to human health
and the environment and will, based on that review, revise guidelines or develop
guidelines regulating additional industrial categories. The continued
development of effluent guidelines allows State and EPA permit writers, as well
as local pretreatment authorities, to ensure appropriate controls are placed on
high priority industrial dischargers.
Specifically, EPA will promulgate final regulations for two industrial
categories: pesticides manufacturing and organic chemicals, plastics, and
synthetic fibers; and will propose a regulation for the pulp and paper industry.
In addition, the Agency will have under development regulations for five
additional industrial categories: pesticides formulating and packaging;
centralized waste treatment; machinery, manufacturing and rebuilding;
Pharmaceuticals; and coastal oil and gas. These industrial categories have been
assessed by EPA to present the greatest existing risk to human health and the
environment. EPA is also required to take these actions under the terms of a
Consent Decree.
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In addition to establishing appropriate control levels for industries
covered by effluent guidelines, EPA is working to introduce pollution prevention
into the process. The development of analytical methods, analytical service
support, technical assistance to permit writers and publicly owned treatment
works (POTW) operations will continue to be high priority outputs in 1993.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $15,572,200 supported by 48.5
total workyears for this program, of which $3,688,100 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $11,884,100 is from the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation. This program reflects the transfer of $2,420,500 from
the RCRA Hazardous Waste Program.
The effluent standards and guidelines program is developing regulations or
guidance for the unregulated industries and pollutants identified in the January
2, 1990 CWA Section 304(m) notice. The Agency is: (1) promulgating regulations
for the offshore oil and gas industry; and (2) proposing regulations for the
pesticides manufacturing and the organic chemicals, plastics and synthetic fibers
industries. EPA is developing regulations for pesticides formulating, pulp and
paper, machinery manufacturing and rebuilding, Pharmaceuticals, coastal oil and
gas, and the centralized waste treatment industries.
The Agency will publish an updated effluent guidelines plan in the next
Section 304(m) notice, continue evaluation of other categories listed in the 1990
and 1992 notices, and continue development of analytical methods, analytical
service support, technical assistance for permit writers and publicly-owned
treatment work (POTW) operators, and support for pollution prevention and
technology transfer activities.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $12,454,200 supported by 42.2
total workyears for this program, of which $3,075,900 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $9,378,300 was from the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation.
The industrial toxics control program continued to develop regulations or
guidance for the unregulated industries and pollutants identified in the Section
304(m) notice. The Agency proposed regulations for the offshore oil and gas
industry and developed regulations for the following industries: pesticides
manufacturing; organic chemicals, plastics, and synthetic fibers; centralized
waste treatment; machinery manufacturing and rebuilding; pesticides
formulating/packaging; pharmaceutical manufacturing; coastal oil and gas
extraction; and pulp, paper, and paperboard manufacturing.
Analytical methods development continued, and the Sample Control Center
provided the analytical service required for regulatory development, enforcement
activities, hazardous waste programs and Superfund activities. This program
expanded technology transfer to promote rapid implementation of pollution
prevention concepts and techniques well beyond the scope of effluent guidelines.
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WATER QUALITY
Grants Assistance Programs
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Clean Lakes Program
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$7,023.1
TOTAL $7,023.1
Control Agency Resource
Supplementation
(Section 106)
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$7,000.0 $7,000.0
$7,000.0 $7,000.0
$82,211.3 $81,700.0 $81,700.0 $81,700.0 $81,700.0
TOTAL $82,211.3 $81,700.0 $81,700.0 $81,700.0 $81,700.0
-$7,000.0
-$7,000.0
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Grants Assistance
Programs
$89,236.4 $81,700.0 $88,700.0 $88,700.0 $81,700.0 -$7,000.0
TOTAL $89,234.4 $81,700.0 $88,700.0 $88,700.0 $81,700.0 -$7,000.0
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WATER QUALITY
Grants Assistance Programs
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $81,700,000 for 1993, all of which will be
for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents a
decrease of $7,000,000 from 1992.
CLEAN LAKES PROGRAM
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests no funding for this program in 1993, which represents
a decrease of $7,000,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In past years, the Agency has developed and demonstrated lake restoration
techniques and assisted states in classifying lakes, identified techniques for
restoring the levels of water quality needed to maintain or enhance uses and
implemented cleanup and control projects. Because the Agency has provided
guidance to the states on maintaining clean lakes, it believes that the states
are now able to address lake restoration needs, along with other local
priorities, under their existing water quality management programs. Further
federal funding in unnecessary.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating $7,000,000 for this program from the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.
The Clean Lakes program supports state-EPA cooperative agreements under
Section 314 of the Clean Water Act. The agreements are being used to support the
highest priority Phase I lake diagnostic feasibility studies, Phase II
implementation activities to restore and protect lake water quality and Phase III
post-restoration monitoring projects to enhance the scientific basis for various
lake restoration methodologies. Projects are being selected based on an
evaluation of the environmental and public benefits of state Clean Lakes
proposals. In addition, the program is supporting lake water quality activities
by the State of New Jersey, including activities at Cranberry Lake, Lake
Wawayanda, Lake Harcia and Sylvan Lake, as well as cleanup activities for Lakes
Allatoona and Lanier in Georgia.
Congressional Directives
A total of $7,000,000 is for Congressionally directed projects, including
the Nationally Competitive Clean Lakes Program and targeted resources for lakes
in Georgia and New Jersey.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $7,023,100 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Resources
funded Phase I, II and III Clean Lakes projects, which were selected based on an
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evaluation of the environmental and public benefits of state Clean Lakes
proposals. Funding was also provided for a Clean Lakes Demonstration project for
Lake Alcyon in New Jersey.
CONTROL AGENCY RESOURCE SUPPLEMENTATION (SECTION-106)
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $81,700,000 for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents no change from 1992.
Section 106 grants will continue to support water pollution control
programs operated by 63 state, interstate and territorial agencies and
approximately 60 qualified Indian tribes. Grantees will continue to assess water
quality conditions and trends, conduct comprehensive monitoring to identify areas
impaired by point and nonpoint toxic pollutants and continue to administer water
quality standards programs that focus on new standards for toxic pollutants based
on biological criteria, as well as wildlife and sediment criteria.
Delegated states and qualified Indian tribes will continue to emphasize
reissuance of expiring National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
permits that incorporate toxic/toxicity based limits and will modify permits to
incorporate findings from water quality analyses. Resources will be redirected
at the state level to ensure that statutory and regulatory deadlines are met for
implementation of storm water, combined sewer overflow, and sludge permitting
programs. Grantees will also focus on selected, high priority permit
modifications for publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) to address pretreatment
requirements. States will continue developing and implementing comprehensive
ground-water protection programs which will serve as state-level mechanisms to
integrate Federal ground-water activities.
States and qualified Indian tribes will undertake activities to fill
identified gaps in achieving their comprehensive ground-water programs as defined
in EPA's Ground-Water Protection Strategy for the 1990s. Comprehensive ground-
water programs will enable states and qualified Indian tribes to identify and
address priority ground-water needs, particularly those in identified watersheds
and non-traditional sources of contamination.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $81,700,000 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Vater quality programs in 1992 will emphasize sustaining ecological
resources and protecting human health and welfare through the protection,
restoration, and enhancement of the Nation's water resources. The water quality
program focuses on meeting legislative requirements and presidential mandates
related to toxic contamination, nonpoint sources, wetland losses, coastal and
marine pollution, storm water, combined sewer overflows, and enforcement.
Programs are designed to reduce risk and protect the Nation's waters, living
resources, critical habitat, and the Federal investment in municipal wastewater
treatment.
3-36
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Section 106 grants are providing funding assistance for water pollution
control programs operated by 63 states, interstate and territorial agencies and
approximately 60 qualified Indian tribes.. Grantees are assessing water quality
conditions and trends and conducting comprehensive- monitoring (including water
column, fish tissue and sediment) to identify sites impacted by toxic and other
pollutants and areas needing controls on a high priority basis. Grantees are
administering water quality standards programs that focus on adopting new
standards to protect aquatic ecosystems and on completing numeric standards for
toxic pollutants based on EPA water quality criteria and review of standards as
required by the statute.
In 1992, EPA is developing permit programs to address combined sewer
overflows, storm water, and sludge. States are emphasizing reissuance of
expiring NPDES permits that incorporate municipal and industrial toxic/toxicity
based limits and are modifying other permits as needed. Grantees are focusing
on permitting, compliance, pretreatment and enforcement activities in waters at
highest risk, particularly in critical aquatic habitats. States are developing
and implementing comprehensive Ground-water Protection Programs. Through these
comprehensive programs, states are thoroughly assessing their ground-water
resources, evaluating or ranking the highest risk contaminants and establishing
priorities and approaches to ground-water protection.
States and qualified Indian tribes are devoting resources to geographically
targeted watersheds to improve water quality in critical areas. Priority
watersheds and activities are being identified and states are selecting and
implementing the appropriate mix of control strategies, including, but not
limited to nonpoint source (NPS) best management practices (BMPs) and permits for
industrial and municipal stormwater discharges and combined sewer overflows.
1991 Accomplishment
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $82,211,300 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Section 106 grants provided funding assistance for water pollution control
programs operated by 63 state, interstate and territorial agencies and
approximately 50 Indian tribes. In 1991, grantees implemented water quality
based controls for toxic discharges in high priority waters, assessed water
quality conditions and trends, and conducted comprehensive monitoring studies to
identify toxic pollutants and areas needing controls. Grantees administered
water quality standards programs that focused on new standards for toxic
pollutants based on EPA water quality criteria guidance and EPA review of
standards.
States and qualified Indian tribes emphasized reissuance of expiring NPDES
permits which incorporated municipal and industrial toxic/toxicity-based limits
and modified other permits to incorporate new limits based on findings from
earlier analyses. Grantees also focused on permitting, compliance and
enforcement activities in waters at highest risk, particularly in critical
aquatic habitats.
States and qualified Indian tribes developed and implemented ground-water
protection activities to move beyond protection strategies and toward
comprehensive ground-water protection programs. States also enhanced their
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efforts to incorporate wellhead protection activities and pesticide management
plans into their comprehensive ground-water protection programs.
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL " PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE '1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Wetlands Protection
Salaries & Expenses $7,671.7 59,825.0 $9,611.1 $9,396.9 $10,639.5 $1,242.6
Abatement Control and $5,897.4 $6,413.0 $6,813.0 $6,565.1 $7,463.0 $897.9
Compliance
TOTAL $13,569.1 $16,238.0 $16,424.1 $15,962.0 $18,102.5 $2,140.5
NonPoint Source Grants
Abatement Control and $46,126.0 $23,750.0 $51,250.0 $52,500.0 $26,000.0 -$26,500.0
Compliance
TOTAL $46.126.0 $23,750.0 $51,250.0 $52,500.0 $26,000.0 -$26,500.0
Wetlands Program
Implementation - Grants
Abatement Control and $4,986.8 $8,500.0 $8,500.0 $8,500.0 $10,000.0 $1,500.0
Compliance
TOTAL $4,986.8 $8,500.0 $8,500.0 $8,500.0 $10,000.0 $1,500.0
Oil Spills Program
Salaries & Expenses $321.4
Abatement Control and $450.1 $300.0 $300.0 $291.0 -$291.0
Compliance
TOTAL $771.5 $300.0 $300.0 $291.0 -$291.0
Nonpoint Source
Implementation
Abatement Control and $2,830.0 $1,250.0 $1,250.0
Compliance
TOTAL $2,830.0 $1,250.0 $1,250.0
Ocean Disposal Permits
Fund
Salaries & Expenses $2,464.0 $2,726.3 $2,642.3 $2,698.1 $3,125.9 $427.8
Abatement Control and $7,347.8 $5,456.9 $5,456.9 $5,334.5 $5,456.9 $122.4
Compliance
Ocean Dumping Act $1,232.5 $622.6 -$622.6
TOTAL $11,044.3 $8,183.2 $8,099.2 $8,655.2 $8,582.8 -$72.4
Environmental Emergency
Response & Prevention
Salaries & Expenses $2,489.7 $3,855.7 $3,738.2 $3,421.6 -$3,421.6
Abatement Control and $4,260.1 $10,982.8 $10,982.8 $10,797.3 -$10,797.3
Compliance
Oil Spills Trust Fund $19,661.1 $19,661.1
TOTAL $6,759.8 $14,838.5 $14,721.0 $14,218.9 $19,661.1 $5,442.2
_Hater Quality Criteria,
Standards and
Applications
Salaries & Expenses $5,296.5 $6,218.6 $6,058.0 $7,123.1 $7,472.9 $349.8
Abatement Control and $4,520.9 $7,541.9 $8,743.1 $10,069.0 $10,246.7 $177.7
Compliance
TOTAL $9,817.4 $13,760.5 $14,801.1 $17,192.1 $17,719.6 $527.5
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL FRES. ENACTED CURRENT BEQUEST INCREASE +
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Ocean Dumping Act
Oil Spills Trust Fund
Water Quality
Strategies
Implementation
318,253.3 $22,622.6 $22,049.6 $22,639.7 $21,236.3 -31,401.4
$76,419.1 $64,194.6 $93,295.8 $94,056.9 $59,166.6 -$34,890.3
$1,232.5
TOTAL $95,904.9 $86,820.2 $115,345.4 $117,319.2 $100.066.0 -$17,253.2
$622.6 -$622.6
$19,661.1 $19,661.1
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Wetlands Protection
Oil Spills Program
Ocean Disposal Permits
Fund
Environmental Emergency
Response & Prevention
Water Quality Criteria,
Standards and
Applications
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
141.8 178.9
5.2
44.8 50.3
44.0
89.2
64.8
106.0
325.0 400.0
178.9
50.3
64.8
106.0
400.0
172.3
48.4
60.9
120.1
184.9
50.3
84.8
120.1
12.6
1.9
23.9
401.7 440.1
38.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Wetlands Protection
Oil Spills Program
Ocean Disposal Permits
Fund
Environmental Emergency
Response & Prevention
Water Quality Criteria,
Standards and
Applications
« TOTAL WORKYEARS
147.6 178.9 178.9 177.5
6.1
48.3 50.3 50.3 49.9
48.2
92.3
64.8
64.8
63.7
184.9
50.3
84.8
106.0 106.0 122.3 120.1
7.4
342.5 400.0 400.0 413.4
440.1
21.1
-2.2
26.7
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Strategies Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $100,066.000 supported by 440.1 total
workyears for 1993, a decrease of $16,630,600 and a increase of 26.7 total
workyears from 1992. Of the request, $26,316,600 will be from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $73,749,400 will be from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $3,676,900 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a decrease of $20,307,500 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
WETLANDS PROTECTION
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $18,102,500 supported by 184.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $10,639,500 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,463,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents increases of $1,242,600 in Salaries
and Expenses, $897,900 in Abatement, Control and Compliance and 7.4 total
workyears. The increases reflect the Agency's continued support for the
President's wetlands initiative and the Agency's Great Lakes initiative.
Congressional projects added in 1992 will be completed in that year and not^
continued in 1993.
The program will continue to build a strong, consistent Section 404
regulatory program working with the Corps of Engineers (COE) and other Federal
agencies, with particular emphasis on tailoring wetlands protection activities
to reflect the relative functions and values of the wetlands at specific
geographic areas and sites. Implementation of a watershed management approach
to the protection/maintenance of water quality and preservation of wetlands
values and functions will continue. Examples of projects currently using this
approach include those in Canaan Valley, Vest Virginia, and Savannah River,
Georgia.
Support to states and Indian tribes will continue as they build on
anticipatory approaches to wetlands protection with increased use of advance
identification (ADID), special area management plans and comprehensive state
wetlands plans, among others. The ADID process is a unique tool for achieving
environmental objectives in a given geographic area; it requires both an
extensive public education and outreach effort and contains the elementary
components of a wetlands classification method at a particular watershed or site.
The COE is increasingly willing to participate in ADIDs because the result may
be a general permit for the geographic area, thus eventually reducing the
permitting workload for the Corps.
The Agency will continue the development of wetlands mitigation banking
systems begun in 1992. Such systems can provide scientifically sound
compensation for the unavoidable loss of wetlands in which compensatory
mitigation for more than one project is aggregated and effected in advance at a
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single large sice. This would both provide environmental benefits and streamline
the permit review process. A guidance document for field staff, issued jointly
with the COE, will clarify the appropriate role of mitigation banking in the
Section 404 program, and implementation and oversight of new mitigation banks
that comply with the guidance will occur during 1993.
Building on wetlands indicators work begun in 1992, Great Lakes wetlands
protection activities . will increase to establish baselines for habitat
restoration in the Great Lakes Basin by identifying indicator plants and animals.
The program will also develop inventories of habitat areas necessary for the
prevention of species loss or decline. The Agency will support the preparation
of state protection strategies based upon status and trends analyses of Great
Lakes wetlands and tributary habitats.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $15,962,000 supported by 177.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $9,396,900 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $6,565,100 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
l
In 1992, the Agency is continuing to implement the President's goal of no
nee loss of wetlands. EPA is working with other Federal agencies to ensure a
sound and consistent Federal approach to wetlands protection, assist with
comprehensive planning for Federal land management agencies, and provide
appropriate levels of compliance monitoring and enforcement. The program is
continuing its efforts under the Section 406 regulatory program, especially
focusing on the implementation of a program chat is consistent with efforts of
the COE and other Federal agencies.
The Agency is placing a high priority on implementing a watershed
protection approach, which seeks to integrate EPA programs, along with other
Federal agency, state and local programs, to address watershed protection in a
holistic manner. The integration of point and nonpoint source controls with
wetlands protection can greatly enhance the prevention of pollution and the
reduction of risks to public health and the environment. The Agency is working
to ensure that in watersheds targeted for special emphasis such activities as
advance identification and targeted Section 404 enforcement actions, coupled with
education/outreach programs, are undertaken.
During 1992, the program is beginning to identify and collect data on key
wetland indicators that track the status, health and trends of wetlands in
conjunction vich other EPA programs and Federal and state agencies. The program
is also iniciacing efforts to correlate the status and health of wetlands to
water quality and other ecological indicators. The number of state wetlands
pilot projects focusing on state water quality standards is being expanded
through the wetlands state grants program.
Congressional Directives
A total of $400,000 is for Congressionally directed projects, including the
Canaan Valley, Vest Virginia, wetlands complex and the Eugene, Oregon, wetlands
project.
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1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, Che Agency obligated a. total of. $13,569,100 supported by 147.6
total workyears for this program, of which $7,671,700 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,897,400 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The program continued to implement the memoranda of agreement with the COE
on mitigation policy, enforcement and delineation of jurisdictional waters. The
wetlands program worked with the Marine and Estuarine Protection Program to
implement the improved test methods and procedural guidance on sediment criteria
and disposal of dredged material in coastal waters.
EPA continued to assist in the development of local wetlands protection
programs through the Regions and states and the use of information/technology
transfer. Continued focus was placed upon anticipatory approaches to wetlands
protection, including advance identification. The Agency implemented a variety
of projects aimed at protecting special wetland ecosystems such as those in
coastal Louisiana.
The Agency, working with other Federal and state agencies, launched an
education/technical assistance program aimed at abating the high loss of wetlands
through agricultural uses. Since EPA has limited regulatory powers in this area,
forming meaningful partnerships with others is essential. EPA disseminated new
technical tools emerging from the Agency's research efforts in the areas of
restoration, cumulative impact assessments and long term monitoring of wetlands
"health." EPA played an increasing role in .international activities, seeking
opportunities to share U.S. experience and expertise with others, especially
developing countries. '
NONPOINT SOURCE MANAGEMENT GRANTS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $26,000,000 for this program for the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents a decrease of
$26,500,000, which reflects a reduced, but continuing need for NFS implementation
funds. The decrease is based on the fact that local government land use
decisions and agricultural practices cause most NPS pollution. Furthermore, it
is inappropriate for the Federal government to involve itself too heavily in
these local responsibilities.
Headquarters and Regions, based on careful analyses and oversight of
updated state Section 319 management plans, will select state nonpoint source
(NPS) activities which will: 1) support fully integrated urban pollution
programs in high priority watersheds by enhancing Section 319 program* designed
to address urban storm water not regulated by National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System permits; 2) support innovative state approaches to resolve NPS
mining and forestry problems in high priority watersheds; 3) assure performance,
continuity and self-sufficiency of NPS programs at the state level through hiring
of staff and establishment of state-wide programs for education, technical
assistance and technology transfer; 4) support development of effective pollution
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prevention mechanisms co minimize generation of N'PS pollution at the source, vich
emphasis on high priority watersheds; and 5) expand and strengthen activities zo
build state "institutional capabilities to protect ground water from NFS
pollution, including conducting ground-water assessments in NFS priority areas
and developing best management practices (BMPs)' to prevent ground-water
contamination.
Section 319 grant funds will be targeted to support initial national
efforts to upgrade the level and quality of NFS controls being applied in high
priority watersheds to reflect the best economically achievable management
measures available. In particular, these funds will be focused on several
specific priority NFS categories (agriculture, silviculture, urban and
hydromodification) in cooperation with other Federal agencies to begin national
implementation of EPA's management measures guidance. Special emphasis will be
on coastal areas in anticipation of state coastal NFS programs prepared in
response to the Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments.
Support grants will also fund establishment and maintenance of interagency
personnel agreements with state agencies to provide additional expert support of
NFS programs.
1992 Prograiq
The Agency is allocating a total of $52,500,000 for this program, all of
which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Headquarters, Regions and states are targeting high priority watersheds for
the abatement and prevention of NFS pollution particularly in critical aquatic
resources and habitats such as warm and cold-water fisheries, estuaries, near
coastal waters and wetlands. Projects may include provisions for: 1) on-site
assistance, education, outreach technology and information transfer; 2)
innovative prevention and control techniques; 3) state and local regulatory and
enforcement mechanisms; 4) environmental/biological indicators; 5) techniques to
avoid ground-water contamination; and 6) institutional and financial arrangements
that will lead to long-term water quality improvements. All activities selected
for funding must achieve discrete, measurable results that will reduce risk to
the aquatic environment or human health and must advance states toward effective
implementation of comprehensive NFS management programs.
Grants under Section 319 are also being used to build state institutional
capabilities to protect ground-water resources from NFS pollution. Such
activities include: 1) ground-water resource assessments; 2) development of BMPs
to prevent ground-water contamination; 3) development of technical assistance
documents and training efforts; 4) establishment of state and local regulatory
and nonregulatory capabilities; 5) establishment of institutional
responsibilities and coordination mechanisms; and 6) development of ground-water
monitoring capability, including data management.
Congressional Directives
A total of $27,500,000 is for Congressionally directed nonpoint source
grants under Section 319 of the Clean Water Act.
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1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, Che Agency obligated a tocal of $46,126,000 from the Abatement..
Control and Compliance apprdpriation.
The Agency funded projects that focused on measures (regulatory and
nonregulatory) to abate and prevent NFS pollution in targeted state watersheds
consistent with Section 319 objectives. Activities selected for funding were
required to achieve discrete, measurable results that reduce risk to human health
and the aquatic environment and advance states toward effective implementation
of comprehensive NFS management programs.
WETLANDS IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,000,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
an increase of $1,500,000, which reflects support for the President's wetlands
initiative.
States will continue to move toward the President's goal of no net loss of
wetlands by strengthening their protection programs. Grant funds will be used
for a wide variety of activities, including examining the feasibility of assuming
responsibility for administration of the Section 404 program. States will
continue to develop water quality standards for wetlands, incorporate wetlands
into the Section 401 state water quality certification process, develop
comprehensive statewide or geographically targeted wetlands protection management
plans and work with local governments and citizen groups to promote wetlands
protection programs. Projects that integrate state, local and private sector
programs and activities and that focus on integrated protection efforts in
priority watersheds will be of highest priority. The Agency will also continue
to place emphasis on encouraging and supporting the efforts of Indian tribes to
develop and implement effective wetlands protection programs.
The Agency will expand the number of states developing comprehensive state
wetlands protection plans that link planning efforts, education/outreach actions
and cooperative efforts among all levels of government and the private sector.
A particular emphasis will be placed on providing outreach to the agricultural
community to help offset the largely unregulated wetlands losses due to
agricultural drainage.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $8,500,000 for this program, all of
which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Projects funded in 1992 seek to integrate the various state and local
wetlands protection activities within states and to coordinate these programs and
projects with other water quality/conservation efforts such as programs to
control nonpoint source pollution and traditional natural resource protection
programs.
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The wetlands implementation program is providing gran, assistance ro st-it^s
and Indian tribes for research, investigations. experiments, training.
demonstrations, surveys and studies for the protection of wetlands from
pollution. Grant assistance under Section 104 of the Clean Water Act is allowing
many states and Indian tribes to acquire basic- information and data on their
wetlands resources and the risks posed to these resources; examine a wide variety
of techniques for protection for these critical resources; and develop
comprehensive wetlands protection plans that may combine watershed, nonpoint
source, river corridor; estuary/coastal management and other critical habitat
protection initiatives. States are undertaking aggressive public
outreach/education campaigns in concert with local government planning and
protection measures.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $4,986,800 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Approximately 130 applications for financial assistance were received by
states and Indian tribes for wetlands protection projects. Forty states and
eight Indian tribes received assistance, primarily for projects involving
incorporation of wetlands protection in state Section 401 water quality
certification processes and for development of state comprehensive wetlands
protection plans.
OIL SPILLS PROGRAM
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program in 1993. This represents
a decrease of $291,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation,
reflecting completion of required activities relating to restoration of Prince
William Sound.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $291,000 for this program, all of which
is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The Agency continues to support the Alaska Restoration Task Force. This
support includes technical assistance and expertise to the Restoration Planning
Workgroup, Region X and the Trustee Agencies (the Departments of Agriculture,
Commerce and Interior) in coordinating restoration planning activities. Emphasis
is placed on reviewing restoration feasibility studies, developing communications
procedures among the various groups, developing the restoration planning process
-.and ensuring consistency with EPA policy.
|.991 Accomplishments
In(1991, the Agency obligated a total of $771,500 supported by 6.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $321,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $450,100 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. The Agency provided support to the State of Alaska in assessing
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contamination and cleanup activities, and assisted rho . ru^cec- Ager.cic-j ::'.
developing and implementing sampling and monitoring programs, develcpirj"
monicoring protocols for toxic pollutant investigations ar.d reviewing workpl-ir"
and water quality data.
NONPOINT SOURCE IMPLEMENTATION
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating no resources for this program due to a program
restructuring in 1992. Resources provided for this program in the 1992 request
are now found in the Nonpoint Source Management Grants program.
*.
1991 Accomplishments
. In 1991,' the Agency obligated a total of $2,830,000 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Under Clean Water Act Section 319(n), EPA is required to set aside at least
five percent of the funds appropriated in any year to maintain EPA personnel
levels adequate to carry out the nonpoint source (NPS) program. The goal of this
program is to ensure that Federal, state, regional organizations and Indian
tribes each direct and manage nonpoinc source programs under Section 319 to
effectively identify and control nonpoint sources of pollution to the nation's
surface waters.
The Agency used these funds to oversee the award and management of funds
to states under Section 319. The Agency negotiated state work plans for projects
consistent with the complex legal and procedural requirements associated with
these grants, including program tracking and accounting requirements. The Agency
also conducted activities related to the approval of complete NPS management
programs in each state and to the oversight of state implementation.
OCEAN DISPOSAL PERMITS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,582,800 supported by 50.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,125,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,456,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $427,800 in Salaries and Expenses,
an increase of $122,400 in Abatement, Control and Compliance and a decrease of
9.6 total workyears. The decrease in workyears results from completion of most
work related to the Ocean Dumping Ban Act. The increases support increased
personnel costs and a redirection of resources to priority activities.
Work will continue on the development of regulations for ocean disposal
site designation and ocean disposal of dredged and other materials. In addition,
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the program will place increased emphasis on monitoring and managing CvC-.i:-.
disposal sites. The Agency will also continue to develop and encouraee the use
of control mechanisms for marine debris. The New York Bighc Restoration Plan and
New York Mud Dump Site Study will be completed.
Ecological criteria for application in system-wide marine monitoring will
be developed. In addition, chronic biological assessment techniques for marine
and estuarine sediments will be applied and verified. Working with the Corps of
Engineers (COE), the Agency will develop long-term management strategies for
dredged materials.
The Regions will continue ocean disposal site management and monitoring
activities to ensure compliance and enforcement of ocean dumping criteria and
permit requirements. They will continue to implement the Ocean Dumping Ban Act
(ODBA) by working with former sludge dumpers to ensure implementation of long-
term alternatives to ocean dumping and by analyzing data collected at the site.
Region II will support any necessary follow-up action to designate a replacement
for, or expansion of, the New York Mud Dump Site.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $8,655,200 supported by 59.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,698,100 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, $5,334,500 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation and $622,600 is from the Ocean Dumping Revolving Fund (ODRF). Of
the total workyears, 10.0 will be supported by the ODRF.
The Agency is proposing revised Ocean Dumping regulations on disposal site
designation and dredged material disposal and is initiating work on a proposal
for regulations on disposal of other materials. Work will begin on developing
regulations under the Shore Protection Act to address the transport of waste
materials by vessels in coastal water. Headquarters will support Regional
implementation of the regulations through training, technical assistance, and the
monitoring capability of the Ocean Survey Vessel Anderson.
The Agency continues to meet the requirements of ODBA to protect the marine
environment at the 106 Mile Site (deepwater municipal sludge dump site) off the
New Jersey coast. Activities are supported from fees paid into the Ocean Dumping
Revolving Fund. In support of ODBA requirements, Headquarters continues to
support Region II in its effort to expand management, monitoring and surveillance
of the site in coordination with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) and the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG).
The last barge to dump sludge at the 106 Mile Site will cease operations
in June 1992, but monitoring and assessment of findings will continue. The
Agency, in cooperation with other Federal agencies, is developing a compliance
and enforcement improvement initiative to reduce risk to human health and aquatic
life. This program includes guidance, training, public awareness and suppor:
from Headquarters for Regional permit and regulatory compliance and enforcement
actions. The Agency is working with the COE to develop improved procedures for
identifying illegal ocean dumping of dredged materials and with NOAA and USCG on
improving surveillance capabilities.
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The Agency continues co participate in activities under the London Du-pir.c
Convention, the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution f
Ships.and the Cartagena Convention to preserve coastal and marine environir.er.tJi
Headquarters continues work to control marine debris by identifying sources
and developing and implementing reduction strategies. As an example, the Agency
is developing a demonstration program for beach clean up activities in two
coastal states. The demonstration will serve to reduce marine debris, assess
sources of marine debris and educate and involve the public in maintaining beach
quality.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991. the Agency obligated a total of $11.044,300 supported by 59.8
total workyears for this program, of which $2,464,000 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, $7,347,800 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation and $1,232.500 was from the ODRF. . "
Support,for ODBA programs continued in management and oversight of sludge
dumper operations and in monitoring at the disposal sice to assure compliance and
to evaluate the effects of dumping. Additional support for Region II continued
for monitoring of nearshore waters to address problems on the New York-New Jersey
beaches.
The Regions continued their role in the development of environmental impact
statements for ocean dredged material disposal sites, in permit review and in
site management and monitoring as more interim dredged material disposal sites
were designated as final sites. The Agency, in cooperation with other Federal
agencies, began to develop a compliance and enforcement improvement initiative;
worked with the COE to develop improved procedures for identifying illegal ocean
dumping of dredged materials; and worked toward improved surveillance programs.
ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND PREVENTION
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $19,661,100 supported by 84.8 total
workyears for the Oil Spill Response appropriation. This reflects an increase
of $5,442.200 to the oil spill program, and an increase of 21 workyears from
1992. The increase is requested to implement the Oil Pollution Act of 1990.
In 1993, revisions to Subparts D and J, "Response and Dispersants," of the
National Contingency Plan (NCP) will be finalized. The Agency will finalize
revisions to Phase II amendments required under OPA, which include facility
response plans, of the Spill Prevention, Countermeasure and Control (SPCC)
regulations in 1993. In addition, the Agency will finalize guidance to the
Regions and coordinate with the Regions on criteria for review and approval of
facility response plans. In 1993, the Regions will review and approve
approximately 1,000 facility response plans. The Agency will also continue
working with the Regions on bioremediation implementation plans and ensure that
contingency plans include a bioremediation discussion.
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Regional Enforcement -'of the Oil Pollution Act will .jor. ~ i:v.:«
administrative actions for failure to comply with oil pollution pr
regulations, with a limited number of facilities referred for judicial action.
Administrative and judicial actions will also be brought as a result of o"ii
spills. Headquarters will continue to develop-enforcement policy and guidance
and will review administrative and judicial cases for national consistency.
The program will provide national management and oversight of oil spill
response activities to ensure that Regions adhere to program policy and conduct
technically adequate, cost-effective responses. The Agency will support field
operations through operational guidance, technical bulletins and demonstrations
of response technologies.
The Agency will remain on a 24-hour alert to receive notifications of
accidental releases of oil and other petroleum products. EPA will direct or
monitor removals at major inland oil incidents. Additionally, it will provide
technical assistance to the U.S. Coast Guard on coastal oil spills when the
Emergency Response Team (ERT) is activated or when the U.S. Coast Guard makes a
specific request. Funding for response actions will continue to be provided on
a reimbursable basis from permanent indefinite appropriations in the Department
of Transportation. Response actions will be defined in a Memorandum of
Understanding (MOU) between the Coast Guard and EPA.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $14,218,900 supported by 63.7
total workyears for this program, of which $3,421,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,797,300 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
Resources are supporting implementation of the Oil Pollution Act (OPA).
Revisions to Subparts 0 and J, "Response and Dispersants", of the National
Contingency Plan (NCP) are expected to be proposed. The NCP will also include
requirements for area contingency plans and how areas are designated. Based on
the efforts of the Area Contingency Plan Workgroup begun in 1991, area
contingency plans are being prepared and approved. These plans, when implemented
in conjunction with the NCP, shall be adequate to remove a worst case discharge,
and to prevent or mitigate a substantial threat of such a discharge. In the
Spring, the Agency is expected to propose revisions to the Phase II of the Spill
Prevention, Countermeasure and Control (SPCC) regulations, which includes
facility response plans. The Regions are beginning to review and approve
facility response plans submitted by the regulated industry. Phase I is expected
to be finalized in 1992.
The Program is also beginning to develop a guidance document for preparing
facility response plans as well as for the Agency to review and approve these
plans. In addition, the Agency is continuing its work in the bioremediation
field. The Region 6 Implementation Plan is expected to be completed and
submitted to the Regional Response Team for inclusion into the Regional
Contingency Plan. The Agency expects to work with other Regions to develop
specific Implementation Plans. Furthermore, the Agency is continuing to work to
ensure contingency plans include a discussion of bioremediation.
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The regional enforcement component of the Oil Pollution Act is implementing
new enforcement authorities against violators of the law. Administrative actions
ate being brought against facilities for discharges of oil and hazardous
substances in violation of the law and failure to comply with oil pollution
prevention regulations. Removal orders and penalties will be issued as a result
of spills. Headquarters is developing guidance ,for enforcement strategies and
is preparing a Memorandum of Understanding with the U. S. Coast Guard which will
cover the respective agencies' enforcement responsibilities. Headquarters is
also reviewing administrative and judicial cases and is developing penalty policy
for CWA s311 as amended by the Oil Pollution Act.
In addition, the Agency handles and monitors oil spill notifications and
directs or monitors on-scene removal activities of Responsible Parties or state
and local authorities at major spills. Moreover, the Agency provides advice and
technical guidance to state and local officials and PRPs involved in spill
response; organizes and staffs Regional Response Team meetings; assists the
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) at major disasters; participates in
response and safety training of state and local staff; and maintains response
equipment and .facilities. The Environmental Response Team provides support
during field chemical safety audits and at major oil spills where expertise is
needed.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated $6,759,800 supported by 48.2 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,260,100 was from Abatement, Control and Compliance
and $2,499,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
In 1991, the Agency began implementing the Oil Pollution Act of 1990. The
Agency worked closely with the U.S. Coast Guard on drafting the Executive Order
(EO) that sets forth the responsibilities for Federal Agencies implementing the
Act. The President signed the EO on October 18, 1991. Several workgroups were
formed to implement EPA's responsibilities: the NCP, including Subparts D and J
(Response and Dispersants), Enforcement, Contingency Plans/Area Designation and
SPCC/Response Plans. Revisions to Subparts D and J of the NCP were expected to
be proposed in the Fall. The Area Contingency Plan workgroup designated areas
for which contingency plans are needed and began preparation of those plans.
Areas that were designated were published in a notice in the Federal Register in
October 1991. The Enforcement Workgroup prepared a Memorandum of Understanding
with the U.S. Coast Guard which will cover penalties for releases and actions for
non-compliance. The Agency issued enforcement guidance including a penalty
matrix. Phase I of the SPCC regulations, which includes a notification
requirement, were proposed in October 1991. Based on the recommendations of the
Oil Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasures Program Task Force, these
amendments will make mandatory many aspects of the regulations. The
SPCC/Response Plan workgroup initiated work on the Phase II amendments of the
SPCC regulations, which will include facility response plans. Phase II
amendments were expected to be proposed in the Fall of 1991.
The program received and screened a total of 6,527 notifications of oil
spill releases, conducted 441 SPCC inspections, performed on-scene monitoring of
97 oil spills, conducted 18 oil spill responses, and investigated 110 oil
releases.
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WATER QUALITY CRITERIA. STANDARDS. AND APPLICATIONS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $17,719,600 supported by 120.1 total
workyears for this program, an increase of $527,500. Of the request $7,472,900
will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $10,246,700 will be for
the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. This represents an
increase of $349,800 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $177,700 in
the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. This program also reflects
the transfer of regional workyears to the Water Quality Management Program.
The program will continue to develop ecological criteria and program
guidance to enable the state, local, and Federal water quality community to
factor these risks into their decision making process, to develop ecologically
based standards, to implement the standards through cost-effective levels of
controls and to evaluate the effectiveness of control programs.
Assistance will be provided to the Great Lakes program to control pollution
by standardizing methods development for assessing and prioritizing contaminated
sediments; developing and implementing sediment management strategy action plans;
and by providing guidance and technical assistance to Regions and States in
developing programs to implement criteria. Many of these efforts will result in
products that can be used nationally.
In order to develop wildlife criteria, the program will conduct a study to
identify water concentrations of contaminants needed to protect wildlife.
Furt'.ier, EPA will continue to develop the sediment criteria by addressing the
improvement of sediment assessment techniques and providing technical assistance
to the Regions and States and develop revisions to the aquatic life criteria
methodology. In addition, the program will work with the states and other
interested groups in identifying the priorities for the eighth water quality
standards triennium in 1994-1996.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $17,192,100 supported by 122.3
total workyears for this program, of which $7,123,100 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,069,000 is from the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation. This program reflects the transfer of 16.6 FTE and
$989,900 in Salaries and Expenses and $1,327,100 in Abatement, Control, and
Compliance from the Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis Program.
The program is publishing biological technical guidance for states to use
in adopting water quality standards that protect the structure, function, and
* habitat requirements of rivers, lakes, estuaries, and wetlands. Headquarters
will publish draft sediment criteria for organic contaminants and a methodology
for calculating sediment criteria for metal contaminants; develop aquatic life
criteria; and conduct wildlife criteria workshops. The program will conduct
training seminars; provide technical assistance to states and on-site technical
support to help states target water quality standards reviews; and provide
training for Indian tribes qualifying as states for the water quality standards
Program. The water quality standards Indian Rule was also promulgated, and
ctions are underway to promulgate the Federal toxic pollutant standards for
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states who have not adopted numeric toxic criteria for toxic pollutants under
Section 303(c)(2)(B) of the Clean Water Act (CWA).
The program will promulgate Round I regulations for the use and disposal
of sewage sludge, and will develop and distribute technical support materials to
assist Regional and state permit writers and local governments in understanding
and effectively implementing the rule. The program will complete the collection,
analysis and evaluation of data as initial steps in developing numeric criteria
for a limited number of Round II pollutants. Publication of a schedule
identifying additional Round II pollutants for regulation is planned for late
1992.
Congressional Directives. A total of $1,200,000 is for the congressionally
directed project, Dredge Spoil Assessment and Decontamination.
1991 Accomplirhments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $9,817,400 supported by 92.3
total workyears for this program, of which $5,296,500 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,520,900 was from the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation.
The program worked with the states and territories that failed to comply
with the deadline in the CWA Section 303(c)(2)(B) for adopting numeric toxic
standards, and prepared promulgation actions for those states that remain out of
compliance. Thirty-five states were in full compliance with the above section.
In addition, as states initiate the seventh triennial water quality standards
reviews, Regions worked with states to revise state water quality standards to
meet the 1991-1993 triennium priorities.
Regions and Headquarters provided on-site assistance and training to states
and qualified Indian tribes enabling them to make more effective use of criteria
and program guidance. The program continued to work on the Indian rule to
address the extent of Indian jurisdiction over non-Indians owning land within a
reservation. Regions continued to review and approve state and Indian water
quality standards, resolve issues and provide needed litigation support.
Regions assisted states in adopting salt and fresh water criteria for
newly-identified toxic pollutants, in addressing bioaccumulation of toxic
pollutants in fish flesh and in applying antidegradation implementation methods.
Work continued on the development of the Great Lakes Water Quality Guidance and
the contaminated sediment management strategy. EPA also continued to develop
sediment criteria methodology and guidance documents covering aquatic life,
biological, wildlife, and sediment criteria.
The program completed the majority of the technical work to promulgate
final Round I standards for the use and disposal of sewage sludge, scheduled for
late 1992. The program conducted analysis in response to comments on regulations
proposed in 1989, and on additional data and information published in 1990. EPA
also conducted workshops and provided technical assistance to states and
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initiated data collection and analysis on additional pollutants, disposal
practices, and'exposure pathways for Round II regulations.
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Monitoring & Analysis
ACTUAL - PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE • 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Assessment and
Watershed Protection
Salaries & Expenses $15,320.3 $16,992.3 $1,672.0
Abatement Control and $14.586.0 $16,157.3 $1,571.3
Compliance
TOTAL $29,906.3 $33,U9.6 $3,243.3
Coastal Environment
Management
Salaries & Expenses $7,043.2 $8,808.4 $8,614.3 $8,911.2 $9,755.9 $844.7
Abatement Control and $27,976.9 $40,648.9 $41,323.8 $40,724.5 $38,129.0 -$2,595.5
Compliance
TOTAL $35,020.1 $49,457.3 $49,938.1 $49,635.7 $47,884.9 -$1,750.8
Water Quality
Monitoring & Analysis
Salaries & Expenses $8,428.8 $9,841.5 $9,102.5
Abatement Control and $6,501.5 $6,115.1 $10,140.1
Compliance
TOTAL $14,930.3 $15,956.6 $19,242.6
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $15,4720 $18,649.9 $19,071.5 $24,231.5 $26,748.2 $2,516.7
Abatement Control and $34,478.4 $46,764.0 $51,463.9 $55,310.5 $54,286.3 -$1,024.2
Compliance
Water Quality TOTAL $49,950.4 $65,413.9 $69,180.7 $79,542.0 $81,034.5 $1,492.5
Monitoring & Analysis
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Assessment and 246.8 262.8 16.0
Watershed Protection
Coastal Environment 126.0 160.6 160.6 157.7 166.6 8.9
Management
Water Quality 143.7 156.5 166.5
Monitoring & Analysis
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 269.7 317.1 327.1 404.5 429.4 24.9
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Assessment and 257.8 262.8 5.0
Watershed Protection
Coastal Environment 131.2 160.6 160.6 161.2 166.6 5.4
Management
Water Quality 152.0 156.5 166.5
Monitoring & Analysis
TOTAL WORKYEARS 283.2 317.1 327.1 419.0 429.4 10.4
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WATER QUALITY
Water Q.ualicy Monitoring and Analysis
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $81,034,500 supported by 429.4 total
workyears for 1993, an -increase of $1,492,500 and an increase of 10.4 total
workyears from 1992. Of the request, $26,748,200 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $54,286,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,516,700 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a decrease of $1,024,200 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
ASSESSMENT AND WATERSHED PROTECTION
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $33,149,600 supported by 262.8 total
workyears for'this program, of which $16,992,300 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $16,157,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,672,000 in Salaries
and Expenses, an increase of $1,571,300 in Abatement, Control and Compliance and
an increase of 5.0 total workyears. In addition, a number of promising
multimedia, geographically targeted regional projects will be funded. The
increase in Salaries and Expenses supports the increased cost of existing
workyears as well as support for new workyears. The workyear and Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation increases reflect support for the Agency's
information management,- nonpoint source and special regional initiatives.
The Agency will continue efforts to assist states in operating base
monitoring programs and in establishing watershed assessment and targeting
programs. This will include implementation of a national program to identify
priority watersheds for targeted/integrated management programs, including the
application of available total maximum daily load (TMDL) approaches. The Agency
will promote indicators reflecting ecological integrity and will develop cost-
effective rapid bioassessment methods to both assess aquatic ecosystem stress
(for targeting) and measure gains of watershed protection initiatives. Efforts
will continue to revitalize water quality data systems to support more watershed-
oriented applications. The program will support the Agency's Information
Management initiative with activities to enhance the effectiveness of targeted
nonpoint source (NFS) implementation. Working with US Geological Survey (USGS),
Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA), we will expand and accelerate the modernization of EPA
water quality information systems (including Geographic Information System
capabilities).
The national NPS program will continue to support integrated statewide and
watershed protection through guidance, technical assistance, workshops and a
clearinghouse. Working with other Federal agencies, EPA will continue
identifying the best available management measures economically achievable for
priority NPS sectors and will expand Federal alliances to focus Federal policies,
programs and resources on water quality efforts in state-targeted watersheds.
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Work will continue with NOAA on Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) requirement^
and the Department of Agriculture /USDA) on the President's Water Qualify"
Initiative to assure effective linkages -of both efforts to state Section 319 NFS
programs.
Headquarters will work with Regions to encourage innovative state
approaches to address NFS runoff from agriculture, mining and forestry operations
where problems are most severe. Efforts will also focus on working with Regions
to develop approvable state coastal NFS programs, and on supporting the transfer
of lessons learned from these programs to non-coastal watersheds. Management and
oversight of Sections 604(b) water quality management planning and 319 NFS grants
will continue, as will management of the Clean Lakes program and existing Section
314 clean lakes grants. Increased support will be given to EPA's Agricultural
Pollution Prevention Strategy by formulating new national initiatives with key
Federal agencies to reduce nutrient loadings to priority .water bodies with
emphasis on nutrient management plans that can be implemented through the
President's Water Quality Initiative (USDA) and state section 319 programs. We
will work with the Forest Service on reducing significant silvicultural
ecological risks by developing specific habitat protection requirements for
timber operations.
The program will also support special geographically targeted Regional
projects, including the Merrimack River (Region I), Long Island Sound (Region
II), Southern Florida/Everglades (Region IV), Central Flyways (Region VII), a
mining waste project (Region VIII), San Francisco Bay (Region IX), Puget Sound
(Region X). Of particular interest in these Regional projects are wetland
activities in the San Francisco Bay watershed, (including San Joquin and
Sacramento River Basins).
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $29,906,300 supported by 257.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $15,320.300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $14,586,000 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The Agency is emphasizing NPS pollution reduction activities under Section
319 of the CWA and Section 6217 of the Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization
Amendments (CZARA) to address those watersheds most at risk. Continued direct
support to states involves stressing integrated, cooperative efforts to implement
statewide and geographically-targeted controls with special emphasis on non-
traditional, high-risk pollution sources in state Section 319 NPS priority
threatened or degraded watersheds. There is a particular emphasis on increasing
the application of technology-based Best Management Practices in the coastal
zone, including development of final management measures guidelines.
A national Volunteer Action Project is being developed to consolidate
consensus among Federal agencies, states, localities and private citizens on
actions needed for watershed protection. We are encouraging the creation of
strong state/local watershed management alliances among all relevant natural
resource agencies so that the water quality benefits and delivery systems of
related Federal programs can be applied to state 319 NPS priorities.
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The Agency is accelerating the cransicion of the national monitoring
program from the traditional focus on chemical-specific assessments needed for
individual point source control decisions, to more ecologically-based approaches.-
Program shifts within base resources include increased emphasis on watershed
water quality assessment, targeting and evaluation activities that support EPA's
watershed protection approach and related nonpoint source control program needs.
Monitoring resources are being targeted to: (1) provide limited assistance
and oversight to Regions and states in developing Total Maximum Daily Loads/Waste
Load Allocation in highest priority watersheds; (2) assist state monitoring
programs in including broader ecological indicators and toxic pollutants and
toxicity; and (3) enhance the Waterbody System as an automated geographic data
system for Section 305(b) state water quality reports.
Congressional Directives
A total of $5,975,000 is for Congressionally directed projects. These
activities are: water quality projects on the Lackawanna, Connecticut, Tar
Pamlico, and Illinois Rivers; Lake restoration activities in Lakes Roosevelt,
Onondaga, and Champlain; and a nonpoint source pollution prevention project in
conjunction with three Midwestern universities.
1991 Accomplishments
Resources for this program in 1991 were provided in the Water Quality
Management and Water Quality Monitoring programs.
COASTAL ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $47,884,900 supported by 166.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $9,755,900 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $38,129,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $844,700 in Salaries
and Expenses, a decrease of $2,595,500 in Abatement, Control and Compliance, and
an increase of 5.4 total workyears. The increases in Salaries and Expenses and
total workyears reflect support for the Agency's Great Lakes and Gulf of Mexico
initiatives. The decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects both the
discontinuation of funding for 1992 appropriation add-ons and a reduction in
funding for marine point source discharge permit waivers, reviews and guidance
under Clean Water Act (CWA) Sections 301(h) and 403(c), offset by increases for
the Gulf of Mexico, Great Lakes and Caribbean initiatives.
The Agency will continue to guide and support 18 existing estuary projects
and up to three additional projects in the National Estuary Program (NEP) under
Section 320 of the CWA. As part of the NEP, Comprehensive Conservation and
Management Plans (CCMP) are being developed to protect and enhance water quality
and living resources of these targeted estuaries. The CCMPs are developed in
three phases: 1) priority problem identification; 2) characterization of water
quality and living resources; and 3) development of a management plan which
addresses the identified problems. Additional resources are requested for
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Transferring lessons learned from plan development among the IS N7E?s and zo orher
important estuaries and water bodies.
Through implementation of Regional Near Coastal Water (N'CW) strategies
developed in cooperation with the states, the Agency will target specific
pollution problems, such as nonpoint sources or pretreatment needs, within
priority geographic areas. These strategies focus on integrating permitting,
enforcement, monitoring, public education, information management, water quality
standards, nonpoint source and wetlands protection activities in addressing
pollution in targeted geographic areas. The near coastal waters program will
continue to develop technical and managerial tools for implementing coastal
environmental management. These efforts represent a watershed protection
approach toward a results-oriented direction of resources to the most serious
water quality problems. The Agency will also support a coordinated federal
effort to protect coastal living resources.
The program will continue to support coastal and marine regulatory
responsibilities under Sections 301(h) and 403(c) programs, though at a reduced
level; these programs manage point source discharges to marine waters. The
301(h) program provides an opportunity for municipalities to avoid secondary
treatment when it is shown that treatment is not necessary to protect coastal
waters. Activities will include continued review of Section 301(h) marine
discharge waiver requests and waiver extensions.
The Agency will continue activities, though at a reduced level, to improve
the integration of CWA Section 403 ecological risk-based decision-making into the
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit program to more
effectively and efficiently implement the permit review mandates of Section 403.
Efforts will continue to identify, develop or improve the use of biological
indicators and bioassessment methods to improve the scientific abilities of the
Agency to conduct risk-based evaluations under Section 403. In addition, the
Agency will continue work on critical regulatory, programmatic and technical
guidance to facilitate the performance of 403 ocean discharge criteria reviews
and decision-making.
The Agency will continue the input of monitoring data into the Ocean Data
Evaluation System in order to improve the availability and analysis of data for
use in making ecological risk-based decision-making under CWA Sections 301(h) and
403.
Additional resources are requested for identifying pollutants impairing the
beneficial uses of Lake Erie, establishing target load reductions necessary to
restore ecosystem functions using a mass balance model in Lake Superior and,
where possible, accelerating reduction of loadings of persistent toxic substances
by implementing fast track prevention, control and remediation measures.
Efforts in the Gulf of Mexico Program will continue to target protection
of the most critical and vulnerable marine life through work on the nutrient
enrichment project, marine debris action plan and habitat degradation activities.
Activities to identify data needs of Gulf Coast environmental decision makers and
to determine the role the Gulf Program should play in coordinating geographic
information systems among the Gulf states will continue. The Program will also
continue existing support of BAYWATCH, beach cleanup activities, the Florida
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Marine Key Sanctuary water quality plan, coastal erosion projects and other
of Che technical subcommittees.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $49,635,700 supported by 161.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $8,911,200 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $40,724,500 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The Regions are continuing to guide and support the 17 estuary projects in
the NEP. In 1992, Buzzards Bay and Narragansett Bay are completing their CCMPs
and one new estuary will likely be added. The Regions are working with the
states and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration on data and
information exchange and NCW strategy development and implementation. Responding
to needs identified through the NCW strategies, the Agency is continuing to
develop tools, training, public education and technical assistance for the
Regions and the states.
Support continues for the Gulf of Mexico program, through Regions IV and
VI, with a special emphasis on NCW activities. Activities to identify data needs
of Gulf Coast environmental decision makers and to determine the role of the Gulf
Program in coordinating geographic information systems among the Gulf states have
begun. The Program will also continue existing support of BAYWATCH, beach
cleanup activities, the Florida Marine Key Sanctuary water quality plan, coastal
erosion projects and other work of the technical subcommittees.
In the Section 301(h) programs, Headquarters continues to support Regional
implementation of secondary equivalency determinations and permit reissuance
activities. Under the Section 403(c) program, Headquarters is assisting the
Regions in the implementation of the strategy detailed in the 1989 Report to
Congress. The goal of the strategy is to assure that marine discharges are in
compliance with 403(c) criteria; also included are risk assessments for direct
ocean dischargers.
EPA Regional offices have primary responsibility for implementing lakewide
management plans for the Great Lakes. The states, with assistance from the
Agency, have responsibility for implementing remedial action plans for Areas of
Concern identified by the International Joint Commission. To implement these
plans, the Regions, in conjunction with the Great Lakes National Program Office,
identify pollutants and their sources in the Great Lakes, develop load estimates,
set targets for load reductions and implement (or oversee) action plans to
'accomplish these load reductions. Lakewide management plans are being developed
for Lakes Michigan and Ontario. The development of Connecting Channels
Management Plans for the Niagara River are continuing, as is development of
remedial action plans for all 30 U.S. Areas of Concern.
Congressional Directives
A total of $6,675,000 is for Congressionally directed projects, including:
assessment of hazardous waste sites on the Maumee River; cleanup and protection
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of the Saginaw River Basin; development of a water quality protection plan fori
the Florida Key-s National Marine Sanctuary; control of erosion and sedimentatiori|
in the Great Lakes Basin; and support far the San Francisco Bay and Long Island
Sound National Estuary Programs.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $35,020,100 supported by 131.2
total workyears for this program, of which $7,043,200 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $27,976,900 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The Agency continued to provide support to the 17 management conferences
in the NEP; the Puget Sound CCMP was completed. Implementation of completed
Regional NCW strategies was initiated. To test the effectiveness of various
pollution prevention approaches, grants were provided to state and local
governments for selected action demonstration projec'ts identified as national
priorities in NCW strategies or through the NEP projects.
The Agency continued development of regulations, technical guidance and
support documents and management of a national data base in support of coastal
and marine regulatory responsibilities under Sections 301(h), 312 and 403(c).
The Agency continued development of a strong overall framework for marine
ecological risk assessment, implementation of Section 312 of the CWA to control
marine sanitation devices and conduct of ocean surveys by the RV Anderson to
support environmental management decisions.
WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND ANALYSIS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating no resources for this program due to the program
restructuring. Resources included in this program in the 1992 request are now
found in the Water Quality Criteria, Standards and Applications program and the
new Assessment and Watershed Protection program.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $14,930,300 supported by 152.0
total workyears for this program, of which $8,428,800 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,501,500 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The Agency accelerated the transition of the national monitoring program
from the traditional focus on chemical-specific assessments needed for individual
point source control decisions to more ecologically-based approaches. By
shifting and refocusing resources, the Agency stressed watershed water quality
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assessment, cargecing and evaluation activities which support EPA's watershed
protection approach and related nonpoint source control program needs.
The Agency focused efforts to: 1) provide limited assistance and oversight
to Regions and states in developing Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL)/Waste Load
Allocation (WLA) in highest priority watersheds; 2) assist state monitoring
programs for including broader ecological indicators and toxic pollutants and
coxicity; 3) conduct priority contaminated sediments and fish activities; and 4)
enhance the Waterbody System as an automated geographic data system for 305(b)
state water quality reports.
In the Regions, work focused on: reviewing and approving state TMDL/VLA
for priority watersheds especially where necessary to defend against or settle
lawsuits; conducting high priority field assessments related to contaminated
sediments or contaminated fish; working with states to maintain basic assessment
and monitoring programs aimed at screening/priority setting; and providing
support for Regional Environmental Service Division management.
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WATER QUALITY
Municipal Source Control
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED . CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE •
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Municipal Pollution
Control
Salarits ft Expenses $20,377.8 120,625.8 $19,569.4 $20,613.0 $20,404.3 -$208.7
Abatement Control and $24,504.9 $18,942.6 $25,892.6 $25,643.1 $19,442.6 -$6,200.5
Compliance
TOTAL $44,882.7 $39,568.4 US,462.0 $46,256.1 $39,846.9 -$6,409.2
TOTAL:
Salaries ft Expenses $20,377.8 $20,625.8 $19,569.4 $20,613/0 $20,404.3 -$208.7
Abatement Control and $24,504.9 $18,942.6 $25,892.6 $25,643.1 $19,442.6 -$6,200.5
Compliance
Municipal Source ' TOTAL $44,882.7 $39,568.4 $45,462.0 $46,256.1 $39,846.9 -$6,409.2
Control
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Municipal Pollution 355.6 366.2 356.2 338.5 355.0 16.5
Control
TOTAL PERMANENT WttKYEARS 355.6 366.2 356.2 336.5 355.0 16.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Municipal Pollution 372.1 366.2 356.2 354.8 355.0 2
Control
TOTAL UOftKYEARS 372.1 366.2 356.2 354.8 355.0 2
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WATER QUALITY
Municipal Pollution Control
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $39,846,900 supported by 355.0 total
workyears for 1993, a decrease of $6,409,200 and 0.2 total workyears from 1992.
Of the request, $20,404,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
and $19,442,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation,
a decrease of $208,700 and $6,200,500, respectively.
MUNICIPAL POLLUTION CONTROL
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $39,846,900 supported by 355.0 total
workyears for' this program, of which $20,404,300 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $19,442,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents a decrease of $208,700 in the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and a decrease of $6,200,500 in the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation. The decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance
results from the exclusion of Congressional add-ons.
In 1993, fifty states and Puerto Rico will have operational State Revolving
Funds (SRF) programs. The Agency will continue to support the states in
implementing SRFs, assuring that limited funds are applied to the highest
priority risk-based needs for wastewater treatment, nonpoint source control and
estuarine protection. EPA will promote alternative sources of financing to
assist the states in supplementing funds available under planned Federal
capitalization authorizations, with particular emphasis on financing small
community needs. The 1992 Needs Survey will be completed and submitted to
Congress.
Although funding for construction grants ended in 1990, including the
205(g) set-aside, almost 4,000 remaining projects will require ongoing
management, including 34 Indian construction grant projects. Headquarters will
continue to direct the prompt completion and closeout of active construction
projects and resolution of audit problems, and ensure the technical,
environmental and financial integrity of the program. Regional resources will
work directly with states on the expeditious completion of the program as well
provide technical assistance to states and small communities. The Corps of
Engineers continues to play a major role in assisting EPA and the states in
completing and closing out the construction grants program. The Agency will
continue to support the administration of major grants totaling $340,000,000 to
six large cities to fund projects with significant environmental, health and
economic benefits for those densely populated coastal areas.
To assure that the national investment in wastewater treatment infra-
structure is protected, EPA will continue to emphasize state-based municipal
•^pollution prevention programs that focus on preventive measures rather than more
jfexpensive corrective actions which could require capital financing. Headquarters
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will continue to direct operations and maintenance (O&M) , operator trair.ir.g,
small community outreach, and municipal financing including public/private
'partnerships to address needs. In addition, Headquarters will continue science
and data enhancements through technology transfer to encourage the beneficial use
of sewage sludge. The Agency will also support the combined sewer overflow (CSO)
program in evaluating existing and innovative technologies and promoting the most
promising and cost effective approaches to reduce ecological risks.
In 1993, municipal pollution control program activities will be directed
to further enhance efforts to reduce ecological and human health risks. The
Agency will conduct ecological studies, workshops and evaluations of constructed
wetlands to help harmonize wastewater treatment and habitat protection uses and
values.
The Mexican Border initiative will be expanded to address the very serious
and persistent health problems associated with inadequate sewage treatment along
the border region and the U.S. Colonias. The Agency will pursue its
International initiative to promote program development through the transfer of
water information and technology to Eastern Europe to assist in water pollution
prevention and remediation efforts.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $46,256,100 supported by 354.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $20,613,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $25,643,100 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
With 51 SRF programs operating, the Agency continues to manage the
implementation of SRF programs as states switch to more complex SRF financing
proposals. Although funding for the construction grants program ended in 1990,
the traditional program management workload of state oversight responsibilities
continues. Regions are managing a workload of over 4800 active grant projects.
The Agency is emphasizing the completion and closeout of grant projects and
resolution of audit problems. Total Quality Management activities are underway
to streamline the construction grants disputes resolution and deviation
processes. In addition, EPA is managing the administration of major grants
totaling $340,000,000 to six coastal cities, including those with the nation's
largest secondary treatment needs.
In 1992, new set-aside funding is providing for construction of treatment
facilities for Indian tribes and Alaska Native Villages. Funds allocated for the
Corps of Engineers Interagency Agreement support personnel to provide
construction management and completion and closeout assistance to EPA and the
states. The 1992 Needs Survey is expanding to include extensive modeling of CSO,
storm water and other SRF expanded eligibilities.
The Agency is providing operator training grants to support effective on-
site O&M and compliance assistance to operators of small publicly owned treatment
works (POTWs). EPA is expanding its cooperative effort of wastewater treatment
and drinking water programs by providing financing and technology assistance to
small communities.
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The Agency is focusing on helping state and local governments establish
programs that encourage efficient water use, promote overall reduction of the
•nation's water use on a per capita basis, and encourage a significant nationwide
increase in the reclamation and reuse of wastewater for various applications.
Headquarters continues to provide
technical guidance and program assistance on sewage sludge management,
pretreatinent requirements and ground-water contamination from leaky sewers.
Congressional Directives. A total of $6,950,000 is for Congressionally directed
projects for Wastewater Treatment Training ($1,250,000), EPA's National Training
Center at West Virginia University ($1,000,000), Small Flows Clearinghouse at
West Virginia University ($1,000,000), EPA's Water Conservation Task Force
($500,000), Water Pollution Control Federation Research Foundation ($500,000),
West Virginia rural water demonstration project ($750,000), a solar aquatic
wastewater treatment demonstration project ($750,000), and sewage sludge
composting techniques in New Jersey ($750,000).
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $44,882,600 supported by 372.1
total workyears for this program, of which $20,377,700 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $24,504,900 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
EPA managed two wastewater treatment programs emphasizing the prompt
completion of active construction grants projects and implementation oversight
of SRF programs. The Agency developed a strategy to administer the completion
of the construction grants program which identified the necessary level and mix
o- program resources to handle the completion workload based on the ongoing
partnership among EPA, the Corps of Engineers, and the state agencies. Regions
emphasized traditional construction grants management activities which addressed
a workload of almost 6,000 grant projects.
In 1991, as a result of the first and second cycles of the Indian set-aside
program, funding was provided for a total of 27 Indian tribes and 12 Alaska
Native Villages. The $14,300,000 allocated for the Corps of Engineers
Interagency Agreement supported 200 total workyears and provided construction
management assistance to EPA and the states.
In 1991, the Agency integrated operations and maintenance and operator
training program activities into the municipal control program to improve
coordination and maximize resource utilization. $2,050,000 was targeted to
operator training grants for onsite assistance to small communities. EPA
provided increased information and assistance to help municipalities address
alternative financing methods for wastewater treatment needs. The wastewater
treatment and drinking water programs cooperated to provide information and
assistance on financing and technology to hard-pressed small communities.
. EPA promoted the development of state programs related to municipal water
pollution prevention, water conservation and technology transfer to assure that
the national investment in wastewater treatment infrastructure is protected.
Headquarters coordinated research, technology transfer and outreach activities
with other agencies and national organizations, including the Small Flows Clear-
inghouse. EPA submitted the Sulfide Corrosion Report to Congress and provided
51,500,000 to support the Water Pollution Control Federation Research Foundation.
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Enforcement
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
WATER QUALITY
ENFORCEMENT
Water Quality Enforcement 3-67
Water Quality Permit Issuance 3-71
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Enforcement
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Water Quality
Enforcement
Salaries ft Expenses $19,979.0 $22,666.8 $20,898.8 $21,149.5 $22,737.3 $1,587.8
Abatement Control and $5,923.1 $6,379.6 $6,379.6 $6,261.9 $7,138.3 $876.4
Compliance
TOTAL $25,902.1 $29,046.4 $27,278.4 $27,411.4 $29,875.6 $2,464.2
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $19,979.0 $22,666.8 $20,898.8 $21,149.5 $22,737.3 $1,587.8
Abatement Control and $5,923.1 $6,379.6 $6,379.6 $6,261.9 $7,138.3 $876.4
Compliance
Water Quality TOTAL $25,902.1 $29,046.4 $27,278.4 $27,411.4 $29,875.6 $2,464.2
Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Water Quality 383.4 402.4 402.4 387.3 403.4 16.1
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 383.4 402.4 402.4 387.3 403.4 16.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Water Quality 403.8 402.4 402.4 402.9 403.4 5
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS 403.8 402.4 402.4 402.9 403.4 5
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $29,875,600 supported by 403.4 total
workyears for 1993 an increase of $2,464,200 and 0.5 total workyears from 1992.
Of this request $22,737,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $7,138,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $1,587,800 for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, an increase of $876,400 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, and an increase of 0.5 total workyears.
WATER QUALITY ENFORCEMENT
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $29,875,600 supported by 403.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $22,737,300 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,138,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,587,800 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $876,400 for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 0.5 total workyears.
The increase for Salaries and Expenses reflects .full funding of personnel costs.
The increase for Abatement, Control and Compliance will support improved state
and Regional laboratory capacity to process whole effluent toxicity samples; will
provide enforcement support for new requirements in permits for Combined Sewer
Overflow (CSO); and will provide for maintenance and support of the Permit
Compliance System (PCS) for tracking the universe of NPDES permittees.
EPA will track compliance schedules to attain final effluent limits of
approximately 89 municipal facilities which have not yet completed construction.
The Agency will work with states to implement individual Municipal Water
Pollution Prevention (MWPP) programs and assist by supporting financial
capability analysis and diagnostic inspections.
The Agency will review the definition of reportable noncompliance and
significant noncompliance for POTWs violating pretreatment requirements and
modify oversight procedures for pretreatment, providing additional flexibility
through a variety of onsite inspection techniques. EPA will also begin to
evaluate POTW compliance with sludge use and disposal requirements.
The Agency will expand its pretreatment and National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) inspection and enforcement programs to include some
multi-media inspections and enforcement cases. Toxics sampling and biomonitoring
inspections will be used to verify compliance with whole effluent toxicity
limits. Improving Regional and state laboratory capacity for processing whole
effluent samples will be a priority.
The enforcement program will focus on securing compliance with CSO
requirements and NPDES permits. Some cities causing the most environmental
damage will be inspected and schedules established to require compliance with CSO
3-68
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requirements. EPA will support ecological protection by identifying unpermitted
dischargers/industrial users (Ills) and taking enforcement action where necessary.
'in the Great Lakes and Chesapeake Bay' watersheds. . Timely and appropriate
enforcement action will be taken in all instances of significant noncompliance.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $27,411,400 supported by 402.9
total workyears for this program, of which $21,149,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,261,900 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
All but 129 major facilities are expected to complete construction to
attain final effluent limits. The Agency is emphasizing municipal compliance
with final effluent limits. EPA's oversight of the MWPP pilot program promotes
national consistency and conformance with MWPP guidance, in order to prevent
pollution by anticipating design capacity overload in POTVs. EPA is continuing
to focus on municipal enforcement activity for municipal facilities on final
effluent limits.
The pretreatment enforcement program continues to assess all 1,500 POTVs
to assure effective implementation of approved pretreatment programs through
compliance inspections where programs are not audited; by reviewing annual
reports; and tracking POTW performance through the Pretreatment Permits and
Enforcement Tracking System. EPA is emphasizing compliance of JUs with the
Organic Chemicals, Plastics and Synthetic Fibers pretreatment standards and is
assessing the compliance status of lUs through a statistical survey. EPA is also
developing sludge inspections to address compliance with the new sludge technical
regulations and is providing training for sludge inspection personnel.
A CSO enforcement strategy is being developed to require NPDES facilities
with CSOs to implement controls needed to comply with the Clean Water Act. The
Agency is beginning to inspect and enforce against cities which are failing to
comply with CSO requirements. EPA is also participating in more resource-
intensive multi-media inspections and is supporting some multi-media civil
judicial referrals.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $25,902,100 supported by 403.8
total workyears for this program, of which $19,979,000 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,923,100 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
By the end of FY 1991, approximately 3,593 of the 3,722 major municipal
facilities completed construction to comply with final effluent limits. The
Agency issued guidance for implementation for the MWPP program to Regions and
states. EPA worked with states to establish pilot programs with evaluation
criteria sufficient to surface potential problems at POTWs.
EPA monitored POTVs to ensure adequate implementation of their approved
local pretreatment program and pursued enforcement actions against POTVs that
failed to implement their programs. In 1991, EPA announced Phase Two of the
Pretreatment Enforcement Initiative, identifying 69 Federal and state enforcement
3-69
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actions against POTWs and 186 enforcement actions against significant industrial
.users during the period of October 1989 thru April 1991. In 1991, EPA initiated
50 administrative penalty orders addressing pretreatment, conducted 295
pretreatment compliance inspections of POTWs, and conducted 39 pretreatment
inspections of industrial users where EPA was the control authority. The Agency
conducted numerous pretreatment workshops.
The Agency, along with states, continued to implement the Compliance
Monitoring and Enforcement Strategy for Toxics Control by reporting toxicity
violations on the Quarterly Noncompliance Report, issuing administrative orders
and administrative penalty orders to address violations, providing judicial case
support and providing technical assistance to permittees doing Toxicity Reduction
Evaluations.
In 1991, the overall rate of significant noncompliance (SNC) of major NPDES
permittees under the Clean Water Act decreased by 5 percent from the previous
year. In addition, the Municipal SNC rate for the quarter ending June 30 was
the lowest in 6 years. EPA formal enforcement activity was up 21 percent from
the previous year to 1,689 actions.
PCS was expanded to incorporate latitude/longitude data for the majority
of major permittees to provide integrated environmental geographic information
and support environmental indicators. EPA also initiated a feasibility study to
determine a strategy for public access.
3-70
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WATER. QUALITY
Water Quality Permit Issuance
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE •
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Permit Issuance
Salaries I Expenses $15,708.0 $19.623.9 $18,712.6 $18,274.4 $21,086.2 $2,811.8
Abatement Control and $7,966.4 $8,293.4 $8,293.4 $8,063.2 $7,023.0 -$1,040.2
Compliance
TOTAL $23,674.4 $27,917.3 $27,006.0 $26,337.6 $28,109.2 $1,771.6
TOTAL:
Salaries t Expenses $15,708.0 $19,623.9 $18,712.6 $18,274.4 $21,086.2 $2,811.8
Abatement Control and $7,966.4 $8.293.4 $8,293.4 $8.063.2 $7.023.0 -$1,040.2
Compliance
Water Quality Permit TOTAL $23,674.4 $27,917.3 S27.006.0 $26,337.6 $28,109.2 $1,771.6
Issuance
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Permit Issuance 306.0 362.7 362.7 347.8 374.7 26.9
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 306.0 362.7 362.7 347.8 374.7 26.9
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Permit Issuance 315.8 362.7 362.7 362.7 374.7 12.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS 315.8 362.7 362.7 362.7 374.7 12.0
3-71
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Permit Issuance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $28,109,200 supported by 374.7 total
workyears for 1993, an increase of $1,771,600 and 12.0 total workyears from 1?92.
Of the request, $21,086,200 will be for Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$7,023,000 will be for Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, increases
of $2,811,000 and a decrease of $1,040,200, respectively.
PERMIT ISSUANCE
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $28,109,200 supported by 374.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $21,086,200 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,023,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance and appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,811,800 in the
Salaries and Expense appropriation, an increase of 12.0 total workyears, and a
decrease of $1,040,200 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance results from a combination of.
decreases in permits development and assistance on more traditional point
sources. These decreases are somewhat offset by increases for building EPA/State
capacity to control nontraditional sources (CSO, stormwater) of pollutants
nationwide. The workyear increase reflects the Agency redirection of resources
to 'address new workload demands for sewage sludge permitting and program
development.
To achieve the environmental and human health protection objectives of the
Clean Water Act, the Agency must significantly expand its permitting coverage and
upgrade toxic requirements in existing permits. The universe of permitted
dischargers under the traditional National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPOES) is about 65,000. By 1993, an additional 200,000 or more facilities will
be covered under storm water requirements; and an additional 15,000 or more
sewage sludge treaters will be regulated under the sewage sludge standards.
These additions to the permitting universe are particularly significant because
permits involved with toxic controls and other requirements are more complex.
Also, the sludge permitting program is separate from NPDES, and states may opt
not to request authorization, which could leave EPA responsible for the entire
sewage sludge permitting universe.
For storm water permitting, the Agency will focus on issuance of and
assistance to states for municipal storm sewer system permits, storm water
permitting training, and development of model permits for industrial storm water
groups. The Agency will follow a risk-based, tiered approach to permitting
industrial storm water dischargers. Most facilities will be adequately covered
under the stormwater regulation through general permits. For CSO permitting, the
Agency will carry out the accelerated implementation of the national CSO strategy
by issuing permits (and administrative orders) for control of the most
environmentally significant CSOs.
3-72
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The Agency and states will reissue permits to meet state and nationally-
adopted toxic water quality standards. The Agency will also focus pretreatment
program efforts on upgrading local programs and'improving implementation to
control toxics.
The sewage sludge permitting program will be in its first full year of
implementation. Major activities will include permit writer training, outreach
to the regulated community on requirements, permitting of high priority sewage
sludge treaters, and development of state programs.
The Agency will promulgate a permit fee rule and begin collection of
permit fees in non-authorized NPOES states. The Agency will also proceed with
a number of regulatory revisions to the basic NPDES program, including revised
applications. EPA will evaluate program implementation and support states in
training permit writers.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $26,337,600 supported by 362.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $18,274,400 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $8,063,200 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The Agency will focus on reissuance of major permits to control toxics,
issuance of storm water general permits, issuance of CSO permits under the
accelerated strategy, improvements to local pretreatment programs, and beginning
implementation of the national sewage sludge standards. The Agency will propose
a permit fee rule covering EPA issued permits in 1992.
The Agency, is providing training and assistance in developing water
quality-based toxic controls to meet water quality standards for toxic pollutants
which have recently been adopted by states. EPA is also developing an approach
to prevention of sediment contamination through permit requirements and
implementation guidance for the Great Lakes water quality initiative. The Agency
is working to strengthen the effectiveness of the pretreatment program to control
toxics through program modifications, training, and audits.
The Agency is focusing on issuance of general permits for storm water
discharges associated with industrial activities, on authorization of general
permit responsibility for additional states, and on action on the storm water
group applications. The Agency is expanding its outreach efforts and is working
closely with the states on storm water implementation.
EPA will begin implementation of the national sewage sludge standards
through sludge permitting. The initial focus will be on working with states to
assume program authority and on setting priorities for initial permitting.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $23,674,400 supported by 315.8
total workyears for this program, of which $15,708,000 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,966,400 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
3-73
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Activities in the program focused on issuance of water quality-based,
permits to control toxic discharges, implementation of storm water permitting'
requirements and the national CSO strategy, evaluation'and implementation of the
pretreatment program, and development of the sewage sludge permitting program.
The Agency issued guidance on the development of water quality-based permit
.limits to meet water quality standards for toxic pollutants.
In the first year of implementation of storm water permitting requirements,
the Agency conducted or participated in over 50 workshops to explain storm water
permitting requirements. The Agency also issued guidance on applications and
received and began processing more than 1,000 storm water group applications.
The Agency authorized an additional 11 states for general permit authority, which
is vital to storm water implementation.
3-74
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4. DRINKING WATER
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
DRINKING WATER 4-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Drinking Water Research 4-8
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 4-18
Drinking Water Implementation 4-19
Drinking Water Criteria 4-22
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance .... 4-25
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants 4-26
Underground Injection Control Program Grants 4-28
Special Studies and Demonstrations 4-31
Drinking Water Management 4-34
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Assistance 4-35
Underground Injection Control Program 4-36
Ground-Water Protection 4-37
ENFORCEMENT
Drinking Water Enforcement 4-42
-------
DRINKING WATER
ACTUAL - PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE • 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
Reimbursements
TOTAL, Driving Water
339,106.7 3*5,881.* 3*4,629.9 343,563.0 347,894.9 34,331.9
382,612.8 378,463.8 386,463.8 386,159.3 388,113.8 31,954.5
39,588.7 311,803.2 311,481.6 311,584.1 310,673.2 -3910.9
3131,308.2 3136.148.4 3142,575.3 3141,306.4 3146,681.9 35,375.5
Reregistration and
Expedited Processing
3253.2
3160.0
-S160.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
699.1
736.8
807.4
807.4
807.4
807.4
783.5
803.9
800.4
800.4
3116,880.7 3122,210.1 3144,369.5 3143,214.1 3144,048.4
16.9
-3.5
3834.3
The Safe Drinking Water Act of 1986 reauthorized this program at a
level of 3199,570.0 for 1990 and 3199,570.0 for 1991.
Authorization for the Safe Drinking Water Act expired on September
30, 1991. Reauthorization is pending.
4-1
-------
PRES.
BUDGET
1992
ENACTED
DRINKING WATER
DIFFERENCE
CURRENT
ESTIMATE ENACTED VS • EST. VS
PRES. BUD PRES. BUD ENACTED
EST. VS
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
TOTAL, Drinking Water
Reregistration and
Expedited Processing
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
345,881.4 3*4,629.9 $43,563.0 -Si,251.5 -32,318.4 -31,066.9
378,463.8 386,463.8 386,159.3 38,000.0 37,695.5 -3304.5
311,803.2 311,481.6 311,584.1 -3321.6 -3219.1 3102.5
3136,148.4 3142,575.3 3141,306.4 36,426.9 35.158.0 -31,268.9
807.4
807.4
807,4
807.4
3160.0
783.5
803.9
3160.0
-23.9
-3.5
3160.0
-23.9
-3.5
SALARIES AND EXPENSES
o 32,318.4 reduced as part of Congressionally mandated overall reduction.
ABATEMENT. CONTROL. AND COMPLIANCE
o 38,000.0 increase to implement Congressionally mandated projects.
o 3304.8 redirected to other media as part of an overall redirection of Agency resources.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
o 3219.1 Congressionally mandated reduction in administrative expenses and other services.
4-2
-------
MEDIA BRIDGE TABLE
(dollars in thousands)
1992 CURRENT ESTIMATE:
Changes by Category:
Workforce Costs (+/-)
Legislative Initiatives (+/-)
Program Initiatives (+/-)
Discontinuation of Specific
Increases to FY 1992 Request (-)
Other(+/-)
1993 REQUEST:
S&E
DRINKING WATER
AC&C RAD
TOTAL
$43,563
$4,332
$0
$0
$0
$0
$86,159
$0
$8,950
$700
-$8,000
$305
$11,584
$0
$0
$0
$0
-$911
$141,306
$4,332
$8,950
$700
$0
-$606
$47,895 $88,114 $10,673 $146,682
4-3
-------
DRINKING WATER
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The 1986 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) mandate dramatic
changes in nationwide safeguards for drinking water at the tap and establish new
responsibility to enforce.them in the event of state inaction. The states are
implementing several new regulations that focus on contaminants with high human
health risks nationwide.
The next several years will be very difficult for EPA and state drinking
water programs as they deal with more complex and costly requirements which
strain state capabilities. While we are increasing our financial and technical
assistance to states, many states are experiencing difficulty in adopting and
enforcing the new requirements. We are anticipating compliance problems by water
systems and the real possibility of states returning primacy. EPA is developing
information transfer and training for state and local program officials on the
new regulations and improving and measuring compliance. Special emphasis is
being given to small public water systems compliance problems.
EPA also focuses on preventing contamination of valuable and vulnerable
ground-water resources, especially those which serve as drinking water supplies,
by assisting states in developing and implementing comprehensive ground-water
protection programs. These programs address the full range of actual and
potential sources of contamination and provide for wellhead protection activities
around public water systems. Special attention is given to protecting drinking
water sources from the harmful effects of injection of wastes and other fluids.
In particular, EPA is increasing emphasis on the vast number of diverse shallow
injection wells that pose the greatest threat of ground-water contamination.
Drinking Water Implementation
The major contaminants remaining to be addressed in 1993 include the 24
inorganic and synthetic organic chemicals covered by the Phase V Rule,
radionuclides, arsenic, and the 25 chemicals on the Drinking Water Contaminant
Priority List, which include disinfectants and disinfection by-products. In
addition, EPA is continuing the mandated triennial review of all MCLs.
Risk-based decision-making in the process of setting drinking water
standards is being improved by developing risk balancing and stratified
occurrence assessment methodologies. These methodologies enhance EPA's ability
to make the disinfectant/disinfection by-products and subsequent regulatory
decisions. The improvements in methodology for risk-based decision making should
also be applicable to other EPA programs.
According to EPA estimates, successful implementation of the regulations
controlling total coliform, surface water treatment, lead/copper and other
existing standards will achieve significant health benefits including the
avoidance of 90,000 cases per year associated with gastrointestinal illnesses.
Implementing the lead rule will reduce lead in blood levels of over 500,000
children per year below the levels associated with adverse effects on
4-4
-------
neurological development; and will avoid 630,000 cases of hypertension cer rear
which would have resulted in 600 deaths from heart disease.
EPA recognizes that the states face an increasing workload and substantial
start-up costs in setting up their programs and evaluating numerous submittals
from both large and small systems for compliance with the surface water treatment
(SWTR) and lead rules. Increased financial and technical assistance is provided
to help primacy states extend their basic program operations to cover the new
rules, especially for conducting compliance and enforcement activities and
upgrading state data management systems. States must also expand their programs
for laboratory certification, operator training, and phasing in monitoring and
reporting requirements. Even with additional implementation support for the SUTR
and lead rule, many states are experiencing difficulty in adopting and enforcing
the new rules. During the interim time period, while states adopt new rules and
build additional program capability, the Agency will enforce against violators
of the new requirements. EPA continues to issue administrative orders (AOs) or
initiate court actions for all regulations when the states fail to do so or in
the event state action fails to remedy a violation.
EPA seeks to expand the availability of lower cost, off-the-shelf treatment
equipment to small systems and is promoting technical transfer and assistance
from large systems to small systems. In addition, special training courses are
being established to train owners and operators of small systems in employing
corrosion control techniques.
Ground-Water Protection
EPA's ground-water protection activities emphasize pollution prevention and
enhance implementation of policies and principles recommended in the 1991 Ground-
Water Task Force Report, Protecting the Nation's Ground Water: EPA's Strategy for
the 1990's. A key component of the Agency's strategy is to assist and support
the states in the development and implementation of Ground-Water Protection
Programs which provide comprehensive protection of the resource. These programs
are intended to both coordinate and move beyond source-specific control programs
and focus on the protection of the ground-water resource as a whole. EPA
provides the states with the guidance and financial assistance to help them
characterize their ground-water resources and identify their most valuable,
vulnerable aquifers. Ground-water resource characterization is a critical
element in the development and implementation of comprehensive state ground-water
protection programs. States will use this improved knowledge to set priorities
for their ground-water protection efforts and target geographic areas where
ground-water poses the highest human health and environmental risks. Ground-
water resource characterizations are also an effective tool for directing
compliance and enforcement activities in the Underground Injection Control (UIC)
and other programs. In fact, EPA will work to ensure that state ground-water
characterizations are incorporated into the information necessary for risk-based
decision making by all Federal and state programs with ground-water protection
responsibilities.
The Agency is ensuring that all programs with ground-water monitoring
responsibilities collect and report the minimum set of data elements for ground
water. Also, the Agency promotes the use of geographic information systems as
an effective priority setting and decision-making tool.
4-5
-------
Through its UIC program, EPA continues to cover over 330,000 underground
injection wells. Emphasis is placed on shallow injection wells, Class IV ar.d V
wells, which .pose a contamination risk to ground-water resources including
wellhead protection (WHP) areas. These well types range from radioactive waste-
disposal wells, service station and industrial drainage and disposal wells, to
irrigation return wells, and other shallow injection wells. In 1993, EPA is
promulgating regulations on shallow injection wells and issuing implementation
guidance to the states. When wells are classified as hazardous Class IV wells
by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), immediate closure will
be required. Other shallow injection wells may require a permit as a Class V
facility and still others may be the targets for enforcement actions. The
program also emphasizes both permitting and ensuring compliance for other UIC
categories of wells, particularly Class I and II wells. When a state does not
or cannot respond to violations in a timely and appropriate manner, EPA takes
enforcement actions.
Research and Development
The Agency is developing data on the chemistry and toxicology of drinking
water disinfectants used in place of chlorine, primarily ozone and chloramine and
their reaction by-products. Many municipalities will begin using ozone and
chloramine for drinking water disinfection to avoid high levels of chlorinated
disinfection by-products. Currently, little is known about either the spectrum
of by-products that might be expected or the toxicological properties and/or
mixtures of these chemicals. Biologically directed fractionation is used to
identify the compounds presenting the highest probable human health risk.
Research strengthens the development of and validation of biomarkers to quantify
exposir:e and effects, with particular emphasis placed on the gastro-intestinal
tract where first exposure to chemicals occurs.
The Agency focuses ground-water research on subsurface transport and fate
processes and agricultural processes that influence ground-water contamination.
Research centers on the processes that facilitate transport, biological
transformation, and oxidation-reduction, focusing on the behavior of complex
mixtures. The results of the research will allow better human exposure
assessments from ground-water contamination. The program is also studying the
impacts of agricultural management practices including developing an improved
understanding of conditions under which agrochemicals move through the ground and
surface water. The program is developing new approaches to delineate and manage
ground-water quality within WHP areas, to support methods development to detect
ground-water contaminants, to understand and predict their behavior, and to
support UIC regulatory efforts.
Consulting Services
Consulting services supplement in-house expertise in developing guidance
and technical assistance documents pertaining to drinking water standards,
program implementation and the identification of emerging waterborne
environmental or human health hazards.
4-6
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.DRINKING WATER
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
ACTUAL
"1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
ESTIMATE
1993
INCREASE*
DECREASE-
1993 VS.
1992
Incremental Outputs
UIC Permit Determinations'
- for existing and new
facilities, by primacy
states
- for existing and new
facilities, by EPA ....
UIC Mechanical Integrity
testing
UIC Compliance Review1...
PWS Primacy Development
Grants to Indian Tribes
Enforcement Actions - PWS
Inspections
Notices of Violation .. .
Administrative Orders ..
Civil Litigation (new) .
Criminal Litigation ....
Enforcement Actions - UIC
Inspections
Notices of Violation ...
Administrative Orders ..
Civil Ligation (new) ...
Criminal Ligation
Cumulative Outputs
PWS Primacy States
UIC Primacy States (full
and partial programs) ..
Designated Sole Source
Aquifers
Approved State Wellhead
Protection Programs
Water Quality Criteria
Human Health
10,315
502
34,108
0
n/a
2,448
303
6
0
82,495
n/a
135
3
0
55
35/6
56
18
108
6,094
516
25,355
0
n/a
550
243
9
0
56,144
n/a
137
6
0
55
36/6
67
33
108
6,094
516
25,355
0
n/a
601
268
10
0
56,144
n/a
137
6
0
55
37/6
75
54
108
0
0
0
0
51
25
1
0
0
0
0
0
1/0
8
21
0
1 Reduction in 1992 and 1993 results from phase out of this activity in order
to increase Class IV and V well and UIC enforcement activities.
4-7
-------
Research and
Development
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
DRINKING WATER
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Drinking Water Research 4-8
-------
DRINKING UATER
Drinking Water Research
ACTUAL ' PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE ' 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Drinking Water Research
Salaries & Expenses $9,294.1 $10,437.8 $10,236.9 $10,474.8 $11,186.2 $711.4
Research & Development $9,588.7 $11,803.2 $11,481.6 $11,584.1 $10,673.2 -$910.9
TOTAL $18,882.8 $22,241.0 $21,718.5 $22,058.9 $21,859.4 -$199.5
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $9,294.1 $10,437.8 $10,236.9 $10,474.8 $11,186.2 $711.4
Research & Development $9,588.7 $11,803.2 $11,481.6 $11,584.1 $10,673.2 -S910.9
Drinking Water TOTAL $18,882.8 $22,241.0 $21,718.5 $22,058.9 $21,859.4 -$199.5
Research
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Drinking Water Research 155.4 178.2 178.2 176.1 171.2 -4.9
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 155.4 178.2 178.2 176.1 171.2 -4.9
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Drinking Water Research 161.0 178.2 178.2 176.1 171.2 -4.9
TOTAL WORKYEARS 161.0 178.2 178.2 176.1 171.2 -4.9
4-8
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Research
Principal Outputs
1993 o Report on chlorine dioxide disinfection and control of by-
products.
o Status report on the absorption and health effects of arsenic.
o Report on the toxicity and pharmacokinetics of brominated
trihalomethanes.
o Report on the role of molecular oxygen on scale-up and design of
Ground-Water Activated Carbon (GAC) contacter.
o Report on the effects of water softening on leaking of lead.
o Full-scale competitive evaluations of two slow sand filters
cleaning methods.
o Preliminary environmental assessment of Walnut Creek, IA.
o Report on methods for delineating wellhead protection areas in
fractured bedrock.
o Report on health risks associated with primary disinfectants:
chlorine and chloramine.
o Draft regulation for the Phase VI-A Disinfection and Disinfection
By-Products rule in conjunction with workgroup.
1992 o Agency response to public comment for selected Phase V chemicals.
o Next 25 chemicals to be regulated under the Safe Drinking Water
Act (SDWA) define and develop the health risk assessment
documentation for these chemicals along with the Phase VI-B
workgroup.
o Guidance on monitoring strategies for wellhead protection areas.
o Wellhead protection activities support use of geographic
information systems.
o Report on annual Drinking Water Monitoring Research-Quality
Assurance performance evaluation study.
o Validate radiation research and methods.
o Methods for determining organic compounds in drinking water.
4-9
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o Report on the reproductive and developmental effects of bromo-
acetic and chloro-acetic acids.
o Status report on the Epidemiology Research Program, including a
report on the Iowa chlorine and bladder cancer study, and possible
future epidemiological studies on chloramination and ozonation.
o Interim performance evaluation for ozone, chlorine dioxide,
and chloromines as alternative disinfectants.
o Report on the control of regulated synthetic organic compounds in
drinking water.
o Report on protocols for monitoring corrosivity of.water.
o Report on determining water quality changes using the oxygen
activation log.
o Report on field tested methods for determining mechanical
integrity of injection wells.
o Report on methods for assessing the impact of land use on ground-
water quality.
o Report on evaluation and refinement of simple wellhead protection
delineation methods.
1991 o Agency response to public comments on Phase V contaminates and
revised corresponding criteria documents.
o Final Health Risk Assessments for Phase II chemicals publication.
o Report was provided on the sampling variance caused by well
construction, materials, and operations.
o Existing oil exploration methods for groundwater monitoring
evaluation.
o Report on the carcinogenic effects of chloroacetaldehydes and
dichloropropanones found in drinking water when chlorinated.
o Report on carcinogenic effects of chloroacetic acids.
o Report on the epidemiological, engineering, and laboratory methods
for investigating waterborne disease outbreaks.
o Report on disinfection by-products control using chlorine dioxide.
o Report on management of residuals from drinking water treatment.
o Report on removal of organic contaminants from drinking water.
o Report on methodologies for identifying sources of salinity in
ground water.
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DRINKING WATER
•Drinking Wafer Research
BUDGET REQUEST
This is a restructured program element from those identified in the 1992
Budget Request. Resources are identified at the new program element level and
not at the program issue level.
1993 Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $21,859,400 supported by 171.2 total
workyears for 1993, of which $11,186,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $10,673,200 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $711,400 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, a decrease of $910,900 for the Research and
Development appropriation, and a decrease of 4.9 total workyears from 1992.
The increase in funding for Salaries and Expenses reflects additional costs
associated with payroll. The decrease in Research and Development reflects
completion of many regulations and a commensurate reduction in research needed
to support regulatory development.
1992 Budget
The Agency is allocating a total of $22,058,900 supported by 176.1 total
workyears for this program element, of which $10,474,800 is from Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $11,584,100 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
1991 Budget
The Agency obligated a total of $18,882,800 supported by 161.0 total
workyears for this program element, of which $9,294,100 was from Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $9,588,700 was from the Research and Development
appropriation.
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
The Drinking Water research program provides support to States and the
EPA Office of Water (OW) in implementing the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA).
This program:
~o conducts research to determine the health effects of contaminants in
public drinking water. It provides health assessment information to
support the OW in revising regulations to control drinking water
contaminants under the SDWA, and technical support to the regions and
States in ascertaining causes of outbreaks from waterborne infectious
diseases and determining the hazard to humans from exposure to
infectious agents through drinking water;
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o develops and evaluates analytical procedures to detect and monitor
drinking water contaminants and technologies to remove contaminants from
public drinking water systems to support OW regulatory decision-making;
and
o provide the scientific basis for the protection of underground drinking
water sources to implement the SDWA.
RESEARCH ISSUES
The sections below describe research program issues by each fiscal year.
HEALTH EFFECTS OF DRINKING WATER CONTAMINANTS
1993 Program Request
EPA will conduct research to determine the human health effects of
contaminants in public drinking water. The Science Advisory Board (SAB) has
identified drinking water contaminants as one the greatest risks to human
health because large populations are exposed directly to various agents, some
of which are highly toxic. EPA will develop toxicological, microbial, and
epidemiological data to determine the human health effects of contaminants in
public drinking water, and improve risk assessment methodologies to support
the preparation of health criteria documents and the setting of maximum
concentration limits (MCLs) by the Office of Water. It will determine the
health effects and associated health risks for specific drinking water
contaminants and pathogens as well as for the disinfectants and their by-
products used in water treatment and distribution systems.
Research will study the health effects of microbial pathogens and
develop methodologies to compare microbial risks with chemical risks. They
will carry out epidemiological studies to improve the scientific basis for
revising current or developing new MCL standards, and will also conduct
biochemical and molecular biological research to determine the toxicological
effects and the toxicological potential of complex mixtures. EPA will provide
quantitative risk assessments for specific contaminants requested by OW and
develop criteria documents for use in the development and review of OW
regulations. This includes preparation of criteria documents and responses to
public comments for specific Phase VI-B chemicals and revision of
corresponding criteria documents and preparation of final criteria documents
for defined phase VI-A chemicals.
Advances in science technology and risk assessment have indicated that
potentially adverse human health risks may be associated with disinfectants
and their by-products, and especially with the use of chlorine, the most
widely used disinfectant. Because of increasing concerns over the possible
health risks associated with disinfection, EPA has established an aggressive
standards setting agenda for disinfectants and disinfectant by-products
(D/DBPs). A proposed rule for some D/DBPs will be published in June of 1993
with final publication of MCLs in June of 1995. EPA will carry out research
in support of this regulatory effort including studies to determine the health
risks associated with alternative disinfectants such as ozone, chloramines,
chlorine dioxide, granular activated carbon, and membrane filtration.
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1992 Program
EPA is providing quantitative health risk assessments from exposure to
drinking water contaminants for use in development of drinking water
standards. This includes preparation of criteria documents and responses to
public comments for specific Phase V chemicals.and the final promulgation of
the radionuclides regulations, and the provision of risk assessment technical
support to the Regions and States. Research is being done in support of OW in
an effort to develop recommended drinking water Maximum Contaminant Level
Goals (MCLGs) and MCLs for twelve disinfectants and more than eighteen types
of disinfection by-products. In response to the SDWA Amendments, EPA is
conducting research to isolate, identify, synthesize and characterize the
toxicological effects of major disinfectant by-products that present the
highest probable health risks. EPA is also developing risk extrapolation
methodology for determining human exposure to chemical mixtures as they occur
in source waters for drinking water and conducting epidemiology studies to
determine the association between the use of disinfectants and carcinogenic
health effects.
1991 Accomplishments
Major accomplishments included preparation of final responses to public
comments on selected Phase V chemicals, preparation of final drafts on
documents for two Phase IV chemicals and final drafts for all Phase V
chemicals, thirteen final drafts on Phase VI toxicological effects chapters
and three documents were prepared. Researchers developed toxicological and
epidemiological data to support development of the disinfectant rule and
maximum contaminant level goals. This included research on disinfectants,
disinfectant by-products and other organic and inorganic contaminants.
Researchers also carried out work to improve extrapolation methods used in
risk assessment and completed a report on the epidemiological, engineering,
and laboratory methods for investigating waterborne disease outbreaks.
DRINKING WATER TECHNOLOGY
1993 Program Request
EPA will develop technologies for detecting and removing contaminants
from public drinking water and distribution systems, and will maintain a
quality assurance/quality control program to ensure the quality of drinking
water analytical data. The SDWA amendments mandate the regulation of more than
125 compounds by 1994. EPA research will provide the support necessary for
the development and evaluation of detection and removal technologies for many
of these compounds. In keeping with the concern about the possible adverse
health effects of the use of chlorine for disinfection, technology research on
alternative disinfection processes will focus on the use of ozone, chloramine
and chlorine dioxide, and other alternatives to chlorine.
EPA will carry but a variety of activities to implement this research
program. It will conduct laboratory, pilot, and full-scale evaluations of
processes for determining and removing chemical, radiochemical,
microbiological, and particulate contaminants from public drinking water
supplies; and compile and analyze cost data for various unit processes and
4-13
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treatment trains to determine the cost-effectiveness of proposed treatment
systems. Research will evaluate technologies for preventing and treating
corrosion, unplanned additives, and microbiological contamination in drinking
water distribution systems to assist state agencies in implementing compliance
monitoring programs and to assist water utilities in maintaining high-quality
water in their distribution systems. The unique technology and compliance
problems of small communities will be emphasized. Research will study the
effects of treatment on water quality in distribution systems and distribution
system costs, and conduct field investigations and laboratory research to
identify the factors contributing to bacterial contamination of drinking water
in public and home distribution systems.
In addition, research will develop standardized analytical procedures
for determining contaminants in drinking water that are both technically and
economically feasible, and which meet laboratory analysis and on-site
monitoring needs. EPA will provide quality control and performance evaluation
samples and calibration standards to Federal, State and local laboratories to
ensure the accuracy and reliability of laboratory analyses, and conduct annual
on-site performance evaluations of Regional laboratories to certify the
capability of such laboratories to produce quality data and analysis in
accordance with the drinking water regulations.
1992 Program
Research is evaluating processes for removing organic and inorganic
contaminants, volatile organic compounds, pesticides, and viruses from
drinking water; conducting pilot-plant and field evaluations of promising
technologies for removing pesticides and preventing disinfectant by-products;
and developing new information on treatment-system performance and cost of
proposed treatment systems. Research is also evaluating disinfectants and
their by-products and factors contributing to microbial deterioration of water
quality in distribution systems; and providing reports and data on new or
improved technology for treating groundwater to states, regulatory agencies
and water utilities to assist in compliance and oversight of ground-water
regulations. Research is continuing to emphasize technologies for preventing
or controlling corrosion by-products (i.e., lead, copper, and asbestos
fibers), for removing pesticides, inorganic contaminant/radionuclides, and
Hepatitis A virus, and technologies which are especially adaptable to small
communities and systems.
EPA is also providing research and technical support for quality
assurance activities for the States, Regions and user communities through the
transfer of analytical methods, quality assurance protocols and reduced cost
techniques for testing samples. Research is continuing to study the microbial
quality of drinking water, methods for isolation and detection of Giardia.
Crvptosporidium and Legionella. and use of molecular biological techniques to
improve and validate microbial analysis.
1991 Accomplishments
Major accomplishments included completing reports on disinfection by-
products control using chlorine dioxide, removal of organic contaminants from
Kinking water, and on the management of residuals from drinking water
Reatment. EPA evaluated existing and proposed drinking water treatment
4-14
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systems in support of Agency regulatory decision-making and carried out
research to identify the factors which contribute to the deterioration of
water quality in drinking-water distribution systems and methods for control.
EPA expedited methods to meet the new drinking water regulations for organic
chemical contaminants, and provided analytical procedures to monitor drinking
water contaminants including the development of procedures to analyze
radioactive contaminants and improved coliform analysis methods. EPA also
provided chemistry and microbiology training in laboratory certification for
both regional and State staff.
GROUNDWATER
1993 Program Request
EPA will conduct research to protect underground drinking water sources
in support of regulatory, enforcement, and management decisions required under
the SDWA. Research is essential since groundwater is the source of drinking
water for 50 percent of the population as well as the water source for much of
the nation's agricultural production. Research will develop improved methods
for: detecting and monitoring groundwater contamination; predicting the
transport and transformation of pollutants in groundwater, including
identifying the processes controlling contaminant entry and behavior in the
subsurface and predicting future concentrations of contaminants in
groundwater; and for controlling or preventing pollution from numerous
sources. Research will concentrate on three areas of research, water wellhead
protection, contamination from agricultural chemicals, and underground
injection controls.
EPA will carry out research to provide technical information to local
wellhead protection managers on the approaches available for identifying,
assessing and managing the potential risks from different sources of
contamination to wellhead water. The current state of the knowledge about
wellhead protection methods provides only rudimentary understandings of these
matters. For example, improved wellhead protection monitoring methods designs
must be developed to provide warning of contaminants migrating toward a water
supply well or well field. EPA will implement the second year of a five-year
research strategy to provide the essential technical information needed to
protect wellheads including methods for identifying and monitoring sources of
contamination, Wellhead Protection Area (WHPA) delineation research carried
out in conjunction with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and the development
of a risk-management strategy for formulating land-use controls within a
protection area. Research will focus on the impact of little-studied
contaminant sources such as Class V wells, leaking sewers, unregulated light
industry, and fertilizers on groundwater quality within WHPAs.
EPA will continue an initiative begun in 1992 to study the impact of
agricultural chemicals on the quality of groundwater. Agrochemical
contamination of groundwater is a major source of concern because of the
threat to drinking water supplies and the potential for groundwater
contamination in the food/agricultural production process. The initiative,
the Midwest Agriculture Surface/Subsurface Transport and Effects Research
program (MASTER) is being carried out in close cooperation with the USDA and
USGS. Research, using a watershed approach, will assess the impacts of
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agricultural management practices including developing an improved
understanding" of conditions under which agrochemicals move through the ground .
and surface water. This work will provide policy.and.decision-makers with
accurate and widely applicable models, decision aids, and assessment tools to
allow for the selection of the best agricultural management practices to
protect our water resources and support rationally and environmentally
compatible food, fiber, and timber production policy development.
Research will also be conducted in support of the Underground Injection
Control (UIC) regulatory program of OW. This work is important since
approximately 40 percent of the chemical waste generated in the United States
is disposed of by injection into the subsurface, and because there are a
number of unresolved scientific questions regarding the risks involved with
disposing of wastes through underground injection. EPA will carry out
research on: the interaction of injected fluids with injection zone geologic
materials; methods for determining the mechanical integrity of injection
wells; and on determining technological approaches to improving regulation of
injection practices. Research will test the mechanical integrity of wells
constructed of different materials to determine if wells are leaking into
underground sources of drinking water for Class I injection wells. The
effectiveness of plugging abandoned wells with drilling mud to prevent the
migration of injected hazardous wastes upward through the wells to potable
groundwater supplies will also be tested. Research is being conducted to
determine the impact of Class V injection wells on the environment, and
methods for improving Class V injection well practices.
1992 Program
Research is being carried out on increased water wellhead protection in
accordance with a five-year research strategy. Research is emphasizing the
development of devices for continuous monitoring and the improvement of
techniques for extraction of samples in wellhead protection areas, assessment
of the impact of multiple sources of contamination to underground water
supplies, methods needed to conduct regional groundwater appraisals, study of
subsurface transport and fate, methodologies for managing present and future
risk, and the provision of technical assistance to the States.
EPA is initiating an effort to study the impact of agricultural
management practices on water quality and ecology (MASTER). This new effort
is being closely coordinated with the USDA and USGS and is important because
of the potential for groundwater contamination in both drinking water supplies
and the food/agricultural production process. They are identifying,
evaluating, and assessing technologies to improve injection well practices and
to assess fluid movement from injection wells, developing laser induced
fluorescence to monitor groundwater by fiber optics, and conducting
geophysical surveys for characterization of injection wells.
1991 Accomplishments
EPA focused on developing and improving methods to measure key
subsurface parameters that influence contaminant behavior as well as methods
that predict concentrations of contaminants. Research supported wellhead
protection activities by providing data on the assimilative capacity of soils
around wells and data necessary to define the area needing protection around
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the wellhead. Selected case studies of specific wellhead protection areas in
different hydrological settings and compiled the hydrologic data bases needed
for wellhead protection models was completed. Research improved a regional
soil and groundwater screening model for use in drinking water/wellhead
protection programs to include virus transport in the unsaturated zone. A
major report on monitoring strategies for wellhead protection was also
completed. This report can be used to show how monitoring can be used to
update knowledge on flowpaths/flow boundaries in order to select and/or refine
the delineation areas and evaluate water quality trends. Research also
conducted studies in support of the UIC program relating to the fate and
transport of wastes and the mechanical integrity of well casings.
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Abatement and Control
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
DRINKING WATER
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 4-18
Drinking Water Implementation 4-19
Drinking Water Criteria 4-22
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance 4-25
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants 4-26
Underground Injection Control Program Grants . . . . 4-28
Special Studies and Demonstrations 4-31
Drinking Water Management 4-34
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Assistance 4-35
Underground Injection Control Program 4-36
Ground-Water Protection 4-37
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards & Guidelines
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED
1991 BUDGET 1992
1992
CURRENT . REQUEST
ESTIMATE 1993
1992
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1993 VS 1992
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Drinking Water
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$3,240.3 $3,659.1 $3,251.2 $14,094.7 $15,115.5 $1,020.8
$5,613.8 $6,339.3 $6,339.3 $10,193.8 $11,229.8 $1,036.0
TOTAL $8,854.1 $9,998.4 $9,590.5 $24,288.5 $26,345.3 $2,056.8
Drinking Water Criteria
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Reregistration and
Expedited Processing
$4,562.3 $4,716.2 $4,640.5 $1,104.5 $1,211.4
$6,555.2 $5,878.0 $5,878.0 $798.8 $747.5
$214.5
$80.0
TOTAL $11,332.0 $10,594.2 $10,518.5 $1,983.3 $1,958.9
$106.9
-$51.3
-$80.0
-$24.4
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Reregistration and
Expedited Processing
Drinking Water
Criteria, Standards &
Guidelines
$7,802.6 $8,375.3 $7,891.7 $15,199.2 $16,326.9 $1,127.7
$12,169.0 $12,217.3 $12,217.3 $10,992.6 $11,977.3 $984.7
$214.5 $80.0 -$80.0
TOTAL $20,186.1 $20,592.6 $20,109.0 $26,271.8 $28,304.2 $2,032.4
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Drinking Water
Implementation
Drinking Water Criteria
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
46.0
64.9
110.9
50.9
66.8
117.7
50.9
66.8
117.7
247.3
16.5
263.8
251.8
15.5
267.3
4.5
-1.0
3.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Drinking Water
Implementation
Drinking Water Criteria
TOTAL WORKYEARS
46.5
70.2
116.7
50.9
66.8
117.7
50.9
66.8
117.7
251.9
16.5
268.4
251.8
15.5
267.3
-1
•1.0
•1.1
4-18
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards and Guidelines
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $28,304,200 and 267.3 total workyears for
1993, an increase of $2,122,200 and decrease of 0.1 total workyears from 1992.
Of the request, $16,326,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
and $11,977,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $1,127,700 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and an increase of $984,700 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
DRINKING WATER IMPLEMENTATION
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $26,345,300 and 251.8 total workyears for
this program, of which $15,115,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $11,229,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,020,800 for Salaries and
Expenses, an increase of $1,036,000 for Abatement, Control and Compliance and a
decrease of 0.1 total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects
increased personnel costs for the program workyears. The increase in Abatement,
Control and Compliance will support modernization of data management systems and
their expansion to encompass all new regulations.
Standard setting activities will focus on establishing the tradeoffs
between human health risks from microbial pathogens versus risk from
disinfectants and disinfection by-products (D/DBPs). The standards for
disinfection of ground-water sources and for D/DBPs will be proposed utilizing
current scientific information. Standards for the remaining chemical
contaminants from the 1988 priority list will also be proposed in 1993. The
standards for the six radionuclides will be promulgated and the revised arsenic
standard proposed. Standard-setting activities will continue on the 25 chemicals
on the 1991 priority list.
A methodology for conducting stratified drinking water occurrence
assessments will be initiated for application to various targeted watersheds.
Occurrence studies for the bromide ion and viruses and protozoa, such as giardia
and cryptosporidium, will also be initiated. A model for predicting the
occurrence of haloacetic acid by-products will be developed. EPA will initiate
a study to improve the characterization of by-products of ozone (an alternate
disinfectant) and will develop a method for assessing cyst viability in drinking
water sources.
Implementation activities will focus on support for primacy states in
adopting and^implementing the new regulatory requirements. Workshops will be
held to inform Regional and state personnel of the new requirements. EPA will
develop policy and procedural guidance for state adoption and implementation
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under the revised primacy rules. The new data requirements will be integrated
into the exi-sting enforcement and other data management systems. Selected
reviews of state regulations will be conducted to ensure compatibility with
Federal rules sufficient to maintain state primacy. In 1993, all negotiated time
extensions will expire for the Surface Water Treatment Rule and the Total
Coliform Rule. EPA will develop contingency plans for the assumption of primacy
for those states who have not adopted the rules by the end of their time
extensions.
The Federal Reporting Data System (FRDS) will begin modernization and
expansion to include all new rules. Using an up-to-date technology and operating
system will provide a substantial improvement in data accessibility and utility
while decreasing modification and maintenance expenses over the system life
cycle. Maintenance of the current FRDS system will continue at a minimum level
until the new system can be implemented.
The Agency will continue to support training for small systems in such
areas as comprehension of the new regulations, monitoring, operations and
maintenance, rate setting, managing finances, and public relations. Special
training courses will be established to train owners and operators of small
systems in employing corrosion control techniques. EPA will seek to expand the
availability of lower cost off-the-shelf treatment equipment to small systems.
Further, EPA will promote a big brother network that will link large and small
systems, in order to greatly expand the availability of technical assistance to
small systems.
The Agency will continue oversight responsibilities for primacy states.
The Agency will also directly implement minimum requirements for new regulations
during the transition period while the primacy states are adopting the necessary
legal authorities and acquiring the necessary program capabilities. Further, the
Regions will coordinate the upgrading of the states' data management systems.
The Agency will continue to track compliance to identify and help problem
systems, and will respond to contamination of water supplies and waterborne
disease outbreaks. With the state primacy agencies, Regions will assist in
confirming analytical results, advise on testing/analytic procedures, contribute
toxicological data for assessing prospective health risks, and determine
necessary or advisable treatment, alternative sources, and follow-on monitoring.
For non-primacy states and Indian lands, the Regions will expand their
implementation to include all new requirements. The Agency will build program
capacity for Indian lands and the training of their water system operators and
support comprehensive operations and maintenance training for tribal utilities.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating $24,288,500 supported by 251.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $14,094,700 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,193,800 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This includes a number of transfers to and from other
drinking water programs to reflect the April 1991 Office of Water Reorganization.
This reflects a transfer from the Public Water Supply Supervision program of
169.7 total workyears, $8,344,000 from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $9,800 from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation; a transfer
from Criteria, Standards and Guidelines of 50.3 total workyears, $3,611,700 from
4-20
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the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $5,079,200 from the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation; a transfer to the Ground Water Protection
Program of 18.0 total workyears, $1,225,000 from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $950,000 from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation; and a transfer to the Drinking Water Enforcement program of 2 ..0
total workyears and $100,000 from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
EPA continues mobilization strategies and technology transfer activities
for states and water systems to build state capacity, promote institutional
changes, and encourage adoption of innovative technologies for small systems,
especially those systems which have chronic compliance problems.
/., > -.,/•';'.••• '.v.X I'-.----'.':.' .-'" • ; '. '. ;•. •.-. ,' • ' .-• .•'•''"' "•' -."•••• .
• , " The program continues providing oversight to the primacy states by issuing
guidance and reviewing state regulations. The program supports the states in
adopting the lead/copper requirements and inorganic and synthetic organic
contaminants standards (I/SOCs). Technical assistance is being provided to the
states on the lead testing protocol and remedial action guidance for lead
contaminated drinking water, and to ban lead content plumbing supplies. The
Agency is focusing on state implementation of the filtration and disinfection
requirements for surface water systems and the revised total coliform standards.
EPA is directly implementing essential activities, to assure at least minimal
compliance with the new requirements, in primacy states with approved time
extension agreements as well as in non-primacy states and on Indian lands. PWS
information systems are being modified to expand and improve data entry and
accessibility. Improvements in Geographic Information System data are underway,
targeting latitudinal and longitudinal data for wells and intake points.
The Agency is encouraging voluntary compliance through public education,
public/private partnerships and information transfer on treatment technologies.
The Agency is working with the states, local governments and national
ocganizatioria fe'o encourage'local governments to join the Federal/state' alliance
for fciore'effective and efficient implementation of the nation's drinking water
programs. Outreach and assistance efforts to assist Indian tribes in qualifying
for primacy for the PWS program continue.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated $8,854,100 and 46.5 total workyears for this
program, of which $3,240,300 was from Salaries and Expenses and $5,613,800 from
Abatement, Control and Compliance.
In 1991, the Agency continued to support primacy states in adopting the new
regulatory requirements. By year end, final action had been taken to approve
primacy revisions for 35 states on the public notification and Volatile Organic
.Chemicals (VOC) rules. EPA made final decisions to approve state program
revisions for eight states for the Surface Water Treatment rule and for six
states for the Total Coliform rule. Final guidance was issued to over 40 states
on extension agreements for the Surface Water Treatment Rule and the Total
Coliform Rule. EPA conducted workshops for Region and state personnel to assist
them in" implementing the expanded program'. Eleven workshops were conducted for
the 38 I/SOC contaminants and 12 workshops.for lead and copper. Implementation
manuals were also developed for these regulations.
To improve the data management functions in the Regions and states, a new
4-21
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data verification protocol was issued and verifications were conducted in nine
states. Guidance on data falsification, was also issued. Two national data-
management workshops were conducted and a national steering committee
established. The national .data system was modified for the Surface Water
Treatment Rule 'and the Total Coliform Rule and reporting guidance was developed
for several rules including VOCs, the 38 I/SOCs, surface water treatment, total
coliform and lead/copper -rules.
A national training coalition was formed; two state/regional workshops on
coalition building were conducted; and training development work was begun in two
states. State capacity building activities were conducted in 10 states with 18
states receiving contractor support. A study comparing state versus federal
funding of the state programs was developed. Two workshops for water/wastewater
operators and community decision makers were held in conjunction with several
outside organizations.
Underground Injection Control (UIC) activities focused on shallow injection
wells. Fact sheets on Best Management Practices were developed and a forum
conducted on agricultural Best Management Practices. Shallow well outreach
materials were developed and distributed. Significant progress was made on the
non-traditional Regulatory Impact Analysis in the face of shortcomings in
available data.
DRINKING WATER CRITERIA
1993 Request
The Agency requests a total $1,958,900 and 15.5 total workyears for this
program, of which $1,211,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $747,500 will be for the Abatement/ Control, and Compliance appropriation.
The program will continue to emphasize regulatory development for
microbiological and chemical contaminants as mandated in the 1986 Safe Drinking
Water Act Amendments. These activities result in promulgation of regulations
establishing Maximum Contaminant Level Goals (MCLGs).
The most important work in 1993 will be addressing, in the human health
risk assessment area, the contamination problems posed by viruses and protozoa
(e.g. giardia and cryptosporidium) and establishing the risk tradeoff between
microbial pathogens and disinfection by-products (DBF). .The assessments will be
used to develop MCLGs and health criteria documents for the
Disinfectant/Disinfection By-Product and Ground Water Disinfection Regulations
(Phase VIA), which will be proposed for public comment in 1993. Work on
ozonation by-products risk assessments will continue to ensure that
Disinfectant/Disinfection By-Product regulation does not result in a shift in
risk from chronic to acute microbiological disease. Furthermore, MCLGs and
criteria documents for chemical contaminants from the 1988 priority list will be
completed in 1993 for inclusion in the Phase VIB regulation which will also be
proposed for public comment in 1993. EPA will devote special attention to
arsenic to develop the MCLG for inclusion in a separate proposed regulation.
Work will also continue to develop the risk assessments/ occurrence, and exposure
data for the 25 chemicals on the 1991 priority list (Phase VII regulation) and
SPA will complete review of the fluoride MCLG.
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EPA will continue to provide support and technical advice to the World
Health Organization (WHO) and publish health advisories which local health
officials use as a guide in situations of'immediate threat to the public health.
Work supporting the pesticides reregistration program will continue.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating 51,983,300 supported by 16.5 total
workyears for the program, of which $1,104,500 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, $798,800 is from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation, $80,000 is from the FIFRA Revolving Fund. Total workyears include
15.5 supported by the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 1.0 supported by
the FIFRA Revolving Fund. This program reflects the transfer of 50.3 FTE;
3,611,700 in Salaries and Expenses and $5,079,200 in Abatement, Control and
Compliance to the Drinking Water Implementation Program to reflect the April,
1991 Office of Water reorganization.
The final Phase V Regulation, which seta MCLGs and NPDWRs for 24 chemical
contaminants specified in the SDWA, is being promulgated in 1992. Work continues
to develop the Disinfectant/Disinfection By-Products and Ground Water
Disinfection Regulations (Phase VIA). The Phase VIB regulation is being
developed. Development of an MCLG and a health criteria document for arsenic is
proceeding based on the outcome of technical assessment of available data.
Documents which disseminate current information on short-term as well as
long-term effects of drinking water contaminants are being developed. These
documents include 15 new or revised Health Advisories which are published
annually for use by Federal, state, and local officials in responding to drinking
water contamination problems.
EPA continues to participate in conferences and workshops on drinking water
issues. The Agency has a major role in the WHO revision of international
drinking water guidelines, and will participate in WHO and other international
conferences. At these meetings, EPA shares technical expertise with less
developed countries and assists in the worldwide improvement of drinking water.
In turn, the Agency gains valuable information on international research
findings.
The FIFRA program is analyzing reregistration data for those chemicals
found to pose a threat of drinking water contamination and will integrate the
data into comprehensive documents that provide an independent evaluation of the
health risks posed by each pesticide.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $11,332,000 and 70.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,562,300 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,555,200 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. Obligations included 0.8 total workyears and $214,500
from the FIFRA Revolving Fund.
The Agency proposed the 'regulation establishing MCLGs and NPDWRs for six
radionuclide contaminants. A standardized monitoring framework covering all
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future drinking water standards was established. Regulations for 38 inorganic
and synthetic organic chemicals (I/SOCs) and the lead and copper treatment rule
were promulgated.
Guidance and technical assistance were provided to Regions, state and local
officials, and public water systems on the interpretation of the Surface Water
Treatment, Total Coliform, and the Lead and Copper rules. Volume I of the Lead
and Copper Guidance Manual was issued. Manuals directed to individual well
owners and small community water systems were completed and made available to
interested parties.
The National Pesticides Survey conducted an internal review of the Phase
I report and began the required analysis for the Phase II report. The FIFRA
Revolving Fund supported work on review of pesticide data for the FIFRA
reregistration process. EPA had a major role in various conferences and
workshops on drinking water issues. The program produced 129 Health Advisories.
EPA continued development of a regulation under the Toxic Substances
Control Act that would enhance the lead ban by banning the sale of lead solder
to plumbers and by restricting lead leaching from brass plumbing fixtures. The
largest retail hardware store in the United States volunteered to remove all lead
solder from its plumbing departments. In addition, EPA, in conjunction with a
national hardware association, initiated a campaign to educate its retailers and
consumers about the dangers inherent in products containing lead. Pursuant to
the Lead Contamination and Control Act, the largest fine ever levied under SDWA
was imposed against a water cooler manufacturer and a recall of coolers with
lead-soldered valves was instituted.
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance
ACTUAL . PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE . 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Public Water Systems
Supervision Program
Grants
Abatement Control and $47,804.2 $49,950.0 $49,950.0 $49,950.0 $58,900.0 $8,950.0
Compliance
TOTAL $47,804.2 $49,950.0 $49,950.0 $49,950.0 $58,900.0 $8,950.0
Underground Injection
Control Program Grants
Abatement Control and $10,394.8 $10,500.0 $10,500.0 $10,500.0 $10,500.0
Compliance
TOTAL $10,394.8 $10,500.0 $10,500.0 $10,500.0 $10,500.0
Special Studies &
Demonstrations
Abatement Control and $4,650.0 $500.0 $6,300.0 $6,300.0 $500.0 -$5,800.0
Compliance
TOTAL $4,650.0 $500.0 $6,300.0 $6,300.0 $500.0 -$5,800.0
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and $62,849.0 $60,950.0 $66,750.0 $66,750.0 $69,900.0 $3,150.0
Compliance
Drinking Water State TOTAL $62,849.0 $oO,950.0 $66,750.0 $66,750.0 $69,900.0 $3,150.0
Program Resource
Assistance
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water'State Program Resource Assistance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $69,900,000 for 1993, an increase of
$3,150,000 from 1992. All of the request will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS SUPERVISION PROGRAM GRANTS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $58,900,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
an increase of $8,950,000 from 1992. The increase will provide States with
increased capacity to revise their statutes and regulations necessary to control
new contaminants, to address compliance with new and existing EPA regulations,
to improve implementation through an expanded drinking water regulatory program
and to expand and upgrade their individual state data management systems.
Several new drinking water regulations have been promulgated including
Surface Water Treatment, Total Coliform, Microbiological and Chemical Contaminant
Monitoring, Lead/Copper and Inorganic/Synthetic Organic Contaminants standards
(I/SOCs). Full implementation of the new regulations will significantly reduce
public health risk. The primacy states must adopt the legal and administrative
authorities to enforce these new requirements and provide assistance to drinking
water systems to comply with the new requirements. This will include upgrading
individual state data management systems, laboratory certification, on-site
evaluations and technical assistance, especially with respect to monitoring by
small systems, and compliance activities and enforcement actions.
Many primacy states will experience difficulty in establishing capable
programs to implement the new requirements, since they are facing serious funding
shortfalls. As a result, states will need increased funding not only to carry
out the new requirements, but also to maintain their current programs and
achievements. A 1989 report, by the Association of State Drinking Water
Administrators, concluded that $162 million per year is needed to meet current
program requirements, of which only an estimated $128 million per year, including
Federal resources, is currently being funded. It also estimated that an
additional $190 million per year, beyond the current $162 million per year, will
be needed by the states in 1993, bringing the total estimated state need to $352
million per year. In addition to these annual state costs, a one time start-up
cost of $180 million will be needed to implement the new requirements. The
states are actively seeking additional state resources and the necessary
statutory/regulatory authorities to meet the new Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
requirements.
Additional support to state programs is intended to help the states defray
the costs of the new duties entailed by these regulatory changes and work towards
successfully implementing the new program requirements. The Agency intends to
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accomplish three other objectives: (1) leverage an even greater commitment from
state authorities, in the form of higher state program budgets, innovative
program funding and/or greater regulatory program productivity; (2) facilitate'
mobilization and technology-transfer activities at the state level; and (3)
maintain compliance with existing program requirements and enforce the new
requirements as they become effective. These efforts seek to prevent.loss of
current program achievements in compliance and, at the same time, reach new goals
through rigorous enforcement of the new requirements.
The Agency may use a portion of the funds allocated to primacy states,
that have requested a time extension for adopting the necessary statutory and
regulatory authorities, for Federal implementation of the new requirements, in
order to assure at least minimal compliance with new requirements in these
states.
1992 Program
In 1992, the agency is allocating a total of $49,950,000 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Public water system (PWS) grants support 55 state primacy programs, two EPA
direct implementation programs and programs on Indian lands that together
comprise the nationwide protection program. Grant funds provide for laboratory
certification, on-site evaluations and technical assistance, sanitary surveys,
and compliance and enforcement actions. States and EPA assist communities and
systems affected by continuing incidences of contamination by toxic chemicals and
outbreaks of giardiasis, cholera, and hepatitis. Systems in violation of
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs) either receive technical
assistance to bring them into compliance or are placed on formal compliance
schedules.
Compliance/enforcement priorities are structured to eliminate significant
noncompliers (SNC) and target exception systems for formal enforcement action.
The states and EPA have begun implementation of microbiological, surface water
treatment and volatile organic contaminant (VOC) requirements. Also, states are
implementing the lead rule and the lead ban requirements. Indian tribes are
being assisted in qualifying for treatment as states and applying for development
grants. Grant funds are used to support EPA direct implementation activities,
including travel. Direct implementation activities that require Regional travel
include sanitary surveys, visits to small water systems in violation of
regulations, vulnerability assessments, laboratory certifications, and conducting
workshops to train system operators on Indian lands.
Pursuant to the surface water treatment rule (SWTR), states are continuing
detailed evaluation of each of the 9,200 surface-source community and non-
transient non-community PWSs in order to determine specific treatment and
performance requirements. These evaluations entail consultation with each system
and public hearing opportunities as well as extensive technical evaluation.
Priority is placed on evaluating the 4,000 systems with no filtration facilities
in place now. All 200,000 PWSs are operating under a revised microbiological
monitoring regimen under the microbiological NPDWR. This monitoring regimen
emphasizes increased monitoring where contamination is detected, focusing on
systems with actual contamination problems as they occur.
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States .are actively seeking additional resources and the necessary
Statutory/regulatory authorities to meet .the new SDWA requirements. The Agency-
may use a portion of the funds in primacy states experiencing difficulty in
adopting the necessary statutory/regulatory authorities to implement new
requirements, in order to assure at least minimal compliance with new
requirements in these states.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $47,804,200 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The PWS grant program continued to support the primacy programs of 55 states
and territories and EPA direct implementation program activities including
analytical services, sanitary surveys, training, disease surveillance, on-site
technical activities, and data management. Funds were also used to support EPA
direct implementation activities for the drinking water program, including travel
associated with these activities. In 1991, direct implementation activities that
required Regional travel generated over 350 trips to conduct sanitary surveys,
visit water systems in violation of regulations, conduct vulnerability
assessments, laboratory certifications, and workshops for system operators on
Indian lands.
States supervised compliance with drinking water regulations, revised their
legal authorities to accommodate new MCLs, expanded state laboratory
certification capability, and provided assistance in monitoring for regulated and
unregulated contaminants. States continued the emphasis on system compliance and
took action against violations of drinking water standards. EPA assisted
approximately 40 states toward adoption of new requirements for microbiological
contaminants standards and the surface water treatment rule. Enforcement
continued to ensure implementation of the ban on lead-content plumbing materials.
In addition, states continued to enforce the public notification requirements and
maximum contaminant levels for VOCs.
States aggressively pursued institutional changes that helped enable them
to address their small systems problems. They began to seek the legal authority
and state regulations required to ensure that new small systems are able to meet
the technical, financial and managerial requirements of future regulations.
UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM GRANTS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,500,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
no change from 1992.
Underground Injection Control (UXC) grants will continue to support
programs to protect underground sources of drinking water (USDW) from
contamination through underground injection in all 57 states and territories, as
well as on Indian lands. Where states and Indian tribal authorities have failed
to assume UIC primacy, EPA will use grant allotments to support direct
implementation of Federal UIC requirements.
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Primacy and EPA programs will make new permit determinations, evaluate
.appeals on previous denials, and review applications to modify existing permits,.
including hazardous waste Class I well petitions. The states and Regions will
supervise injection practices in the field by witnessing mechanical integrity
tests, inspecting and reviewing plugged and abandoned injection wells, reviewing
well records, and tracking compliance with regulatory requirements and permit
conditions.
Staces and Regions will focus their efforts on locating and assessing
priority shallow injection wells, especially storm drainage and agriculture
drainage wells and those wells which are in proximity to drinking water wells and
pose the highest risk to the public. When such Class IV wells are located,
states and Regions will require immediate closure. Regions and states will
increase enforcement efforts, outreach activities and efforts to encourage local
jurisdictions to help in addressing the shallow injection well problems.
The Agency will promulgate regulations on shallow injection wells in 1993,
which for the first time will limit the injection of wastes. The primacy states
will have six months to adopt these new regulations. States which experience
difficulty will negotiate time extensions with the Agency. It is estimated that
two-thirds of the states will ask for time extensions for adopting the new
regulations on shallow injection wells, due in part to a scarcity of funds to
implement and enforce the new requirements. States will have to expand their
data management systems to include all shallow injection well activities required
by the new regulations. The Regions will use some grant resources to support
direct implementation of the new regulations in non-primacy states in order to
assure at least minimal compliance with the new requirements.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency La allocating a total of $10,500,000 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
UIC grants support 41 states/ 36 full and 5 partial, with primacy. EPA is
responsible for direct implementation in the remaining state and Indian land
programs, 15 full and 5 partial, and uses grant resources to support direct
implementation of Federal UIC requirements including travel. Direct
implementation activities that require Regional travel include holding public
hearings on permits, performing 11,000 well inspections per year/ witnessing
mechanical integrity tests/ witnessing plugging and abandonment of wells,
training well operators and doing public outreach. Indian tribes approved to be
eligible for primacy continue to receive grants to assist them in establishing
UIC programs.
States and Regions continue to issue or deny new permits, evaluate appeals
on previous denials, and review applications to modify existing permits,
including hazardous waste Class I well petitions. In assuring that permit
conditions are being met, the states and Regions continue to review monthly,
quarterly, and annual reports from operators and conduct inspections. The states
and Regions continue to supervise injection practices in the field by witnessing
mechanical integrity tests, inspecting and reviewing plugged and abandoned
injection wells, reviewing well records, and tracking compliance with regulatory
requirements and permit conditions. The states continue to implement the
enforcement role through field presence and by initiating appropriate enforcement
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actions.
States "and Regions are initiating programs to address contamination-
problems from shallow injection wells which threaten underground sources of
drinking water. Since 1987, 63 confirmed cases posing human health threats or
environmental threats have been identified. Contaminants such as benzene,
organic solvents, and other toxic chemicals are found in fluids injected in these
wells.
To address "high risk" shallow injection wells (Class V), states and
Regions, working with local jurisdictions, are initiating an active program to
locate and assess priority shallow injection wells. Some are industrial drainage
wells and automobile service station wells that are located in vulnerable
watershed areas, unsewered locations, and those in proximity to drinking water
wells. States and Regions will determine whether they should be reclassified as
Class IV wells and closed. When Class IV wells are identified, states and
Regions will require immediate closure, through an enforcement action, should the
facility owners fail to comply. For the remaining shallow injection wells, Class
V wells, states and Regions are utilizing both the traditional regulatory
efforts, such as requiring facilities to be permitted and initiating enforcement
actions, and innovative non-regulatory approaches involving public-private
partnerships, outreach and education, and community action. States and Regions
are adopting the approaches that proved successful in demonstration projects
previously funded and best management practices already available at the state
and local levels to promote voluntary protection efforts.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $10,394,800 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
UIC grants supported 41 states, 36 full and 5 partial, with primacy. EPA
was responsible for implementing programs in the remaining states. Grant funds
supported basic program operations such as compliance evaluations of existing
wells to ensure mechanical integrity, conducting field inspections, data
management and enforcement. The grant funds also supported technical assistance
to operators, maintained well inventory data, and supported regulatory changes
to accommodate new EPA requirements and guidelines. The Agency used a portion
of the grant funds for travel related to direct implementation activities. In
1991, direct implementation activities that required Regional travel generated
over 2000 trips to hold public hearing on permits, perform 11,000 well
inspections, witness 750 mechanical integrity tests, witness plugging and
abandonment of wells, train well operators and conduct public outreach.
States and Regions enhanced their Class IV and V well efforts by following
the Agency's Shallow Injection Well Strategy. This strategy, which combines
traditional regulatory efforts and innovative non-regulatory approaches to
protect drinking water sources and other critical ground waters, complemented the
Agency's Wellhead Protection efforts. To address "high risk" shallow injection
wells, the states and EPA contacted owners and operators to solicit information
to determine whether they were subject to closure. Wells that inject service
station, industrial process and radioactive disposal wastes were re-classified
into the banned Class IV category. States and Regions initiated closure and
Enforcement actions against these wells, under the Agency's Toxic Characteristic
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Leaching Procedure (TCLP) rule. The results of EPA funded projects to
demonstrate effective state approaches in .addressing specific categories of Class-
V wells were provided to all states for inclusion in their individual
comprehensive ground water protection programs and were used in support of
regulatory development covering these wells.
States and Regions'continued to permit new Class I and Class II wells and
repermit Class I wells. States and Regions continued compliance reviews to
ensure that safeguards on all permitted or rule-authorized Class I, II, in, and
permitted Class V wells were comprehensively evaluated on a regular basis. In
addition, EPA and the states continued to observe on-site mechanical integrity
tests, inspected and reviewed plugged and abandoned wells, reviewed well records,
and tracked compliance with regulatory requirements and permit conditions.
Administrative Orders (AOs) and/or legal actions were initiated by state
programs against owners and operators in violation of UIC regulatory
requirements. This included preparing public notification of violation and
intent to issue AOs, and conducting public hearings.
The states and EPA completed 10,817 permit determinations for new and
existing wells and conducted evaluations to determine if permit requirements were
being met. In addition, 34,108 mechanical integrity tests were conducted to
ensure the integrity of wells. The states and EPA also focused on compliance
activities through increased field inspections and enforcement actions. Other
activities included the review of monitoring reports and maintenance of inventory
data.
SPECIAL STUDIES AND DEMONSTRATIONS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $500,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents a
decrease of $5,800,000 from 1992. This decrease reflects the Agency's effort to
achieve maximum leverage with limited resources and the belief that the recipient
organizations can and should secure additional funding through organizational
dues, training fees and other mechanisms.
In 1993, the Special Studies and Demonstration program will continue to
address the problems of small communities. National Rural Hater Association
(NRWA) and Rural Community Assistance Program (RCAP) affiliates will provide
training and one-on-one technical assistance in the areas of preventative
maintenance, facility operations, management and finance. RCAP programs will
provide public water systems with management assistance in locating financial
assistance and day-to-day accounting operation. EPA's funding to State
associations through agreements with NRWA may expand into 50 states, Trust
Territories and Puerto Rico. Training and technical assistance will help owners
and operators of rural water systems achieve and maintain compliance with the
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs) as mandated by the Safe
Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments. The goal is to promote system compliance
with the NPDWRs by enhancing the system's physical infrastructure and ability to
generate new revenue sources.
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1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of- $6,-300,000 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These
funds provide S3,745,000 to the National Rural Water Association (NRWA),
$1,005,000 to the Rural Community Assistance Program (RCAP), $300,000 to the
National Environmental Training Centers (NETA), and $1,250,000 to the American
Hater Works Association Research Foundation.
The Agency funds the NRWA and RCAP to provide training and technical
assistance to small water suppliers and wastewater treatment facilities. EPA
funds 45 independent, non-profit state associations covering 47 states through
an agreement with the NRWA. EPA funds six regional rural water community
assistance organizations, through an agreement with RCAP. These efforts promote
compliance by helping owners and operators of rural water systems enhance their
system's physical infrastructure and ability to generate new revenue sources.
The Agency provides funds to the National Environmental Training Centers
(NETA) for water regulations compliance training. Funds for the American Water
Works Association Research Foundation are to be matched by industry and expended
in close consultation with the water utilities industry.
Congressional Directives. A total of $5,800,000 is for Congressionally
directed projects with the National Rural Water Association, the Rural Community
Assistance Program, the National Environmental Training Association and the
American Water Works Association Research Foundation.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $4,650,000 for these programs, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These
funds included $700,000 for the RCAP to foster small system compliance; $250,000
to NETA; and $3,700,000 to the NRWA to provide training and technical assistance
to support small system compliance.
In 1991, the NRWA and its 45 state affiliates conducted a total of 1,223
technical assistance and training programs including: 693 technical seminars; 431
technical training sessions; 28 jointly sponsored specialized training sessions
with other state and Federal agencies; and 71 problem solving sessions. In
addition, NRWA affiliates provided a total of 22,985 hours of on-site technical
assistance to address individual rural water system problems related to
compliance, operations and maintenance, finance and management.
RCAP's Achieving Compliance Through Training and Technology Transfer project
conducted technical assistance for 73 small water systems in 25 states and Puerto
Rico. This technical assistance improved the management capabilities of these
systems and assisted each system to come into or remain in compliance. This
project also expanded the Peer-Backup Network to include 30 more small systems
in the State of Montana; assisted 7 systems in the State of Utah in developing
a cooperative program for their managers; increased the circulation of the
Community Water Bulletin to 18 issues per year distributed to 7,000 readers;
developed, with the State of Georgia's Environmental Division, a series of
training workshops on drinking water regulations; and held a national conference
which identified many small system training needs and provided information on
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obtaining loans and grants.
EPA provided funding to NETA for development of training to prepare state'
regulatory and local health officials to meet the' responsibilities mandated by
the 1986 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act..
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Management
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT ' REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Public Water Systems
Supervision Program
Assistance
Salaries & Expenses $7,074.6 $8,952.3 $8,952.3
Abatement Control and $100.0 S10.0 S10.0
Compliance
TOTAL $7,174.6 $8.962.3 $8.962.3
Underground Injection
Control Program
Salaries & Expenses $5,898.5 $7,173.4 $7,173.4
TOTAL $5,898.5 $7.173.4 $7,173.4
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $12,973.1 $16,125.7 $16,125.7
Abatement Control and $100.0 $10.0 $10.0
Compliance
Drinking Water TOTAL $13,073.1 $16,135.7 $16,135.7
Management
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Public Water Systems 132.3 170.6 170.6
Supervision Program
Assistance
Underground Injection 122.4 136.7 136.7
Control Program
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 254.7 307.3 307.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Public Water Systems 143.1 170.6 170.6
Supervision Program
Assistance
Underground Injection 129.9 136.7 136.7
Control Program
TOTAL WORKYEARS 273.0 307.3 307.3
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests no dollars and no workyears for this program for 1993.
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS SUPERVISION PROGRAM ASSISTANCE
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests no dollars and no workyears for this program.
1992 Program
In 1992, EPA allocated no dollars or workyears to this program element.
In accordance with the April 1991 Office of Water reorganization, this program
is combined with the Drinking Water Implementation program for 1992.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated $7,174,600 and 143.1 total workyears for this
program, of which $7,074,600 was from Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$100,000 was from Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
During 1991, the Regions worked with states to begin adoption of the 38
Inorganic and Synthetic Organic Chemicals (I/SOC) and the Lead and Copper
Treatment rules. Regions worked with states to implement regulatory and
monitoring requirements and enforce the revised Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs)
for the Surface Water Treatment and Total Coliform rules. Efforts continued in
overseeing the prohibition of lead-content plumbing materials.
EPA directly implemented essential activities to assure at least minimum
compliance with the new requirements in primacy states with approved time
extension agreements as well as in non-primacy states. In addition, the program
continued to provide oversight of basic state program operations and conducted
evaluations of state drinking water programs.
EPA awarded primacy to the State of Indiana. In support of the Indian
lands program, two tribes were awarded Treatment as a State and six workshops
were conducted on treatment as a state.
The program continued to track state compliance monitoring to locate and
assist with problem systems and respond to contamination of water supplies and
waterborne disease outbreaks. The Regions assisted states in adopting new
analytical techniques to meet additional laboratory certification requirements.
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UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests no dollars and no workyears for this program.
1992 Program
In 1992, EPA allocated no dollars or workyears to this program element.
In accordance with the April 1991 Office of Water reorganization, this program
element is combined with the Ground Water Protection program for 1992.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency allocated a total of $5,898,500 supported by 129.9
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
The Agency continued to directly implement Federal programs in 20 non-
primacy states (15 full and five partial) and on Indian lands. This work
included making permit determinations and ensuring that well owners and operators
adhere to permit conditions and other regulatory requirements through
inspections, mechanical integrity tests and file reviews. EPA provided
assistance to Indian tribes working toward primacy.
The Agency provided oversight for 36 full and five partial state primacy
programs. Regions were responsible for reviewing state annual plans and
evaluating and monitoring state programs to ensure consistent application and
enforcement of program regulations, including a review of state issued permits.
Regions continued to provide program-specific training to both new and
experienced inspectors. The Regions continued to supervise state Class V
demonstration projects and continued to work with states to identify and locate
Class IV wells, which were reclassified as a result of the Toxicity
Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), and were subject to closure.
The Agency continued to implement the "Shallow Injection Well Program
Strategy" that calls for integration with the Wellhead Protection and Public
Water Systems Supervision Programs. This comprehensive strategy provided a
systematic approach for screening the diverse universe of shallow injection wells
and prescribing different levels of regulatory controls. Injection into high-
risk Class IV wells continued to be banned as a result of revisions to the
Hazardous Waste Toxic Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). The remaining
shallow injection wells (Class V wells) were analyzed to determine whether they
require a permit and/or some kind of remedial action based on the contamination
risk posed by the wells. Integration with other programs, such as Wellhead
Protection, and the use of other authorities, such as, the Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act (RCRA), maximized the total environmental benefit.
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DRINKING WATER
Ground-Water Protection
ACTUAL. PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTJMATE. 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Ground-Water Protection
- FIFRA Fund
Salaries & Expenses $4,951.0 $5,419.4 $4,949.8 $12,702.7 (14,225.5 SI,522.8
Abatement Control and $7,494.8 $5,286.5 $7,486.5 $8,416.7 $6,236.5 -$2,180.2
Compliance
Registration and $38.7 $80.0 -$80.0
Expedited Processing
TOTAL $12,484.5 $10,705.9 $12,436.3 $21,199.4 $20,462.0 -$737.4
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $4,951.0 $5,419.4 $4,949.8 $12,702.7 $14,225.5 $1,522.8
Abatement Control aM $7,494.8 $5,286.5 $7,486.5 $8,416.7 $6,236.5 -$2,180.2
Compliance
Registration and $38.7 $80.0 -$80.0
Expedited Processing
Ground-Water TOTAL $12,484.5 $10,705.9 $12,436.3 $21,199.4 $20,462.0 -$737.4
Protection
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Ground-Water Protection 94.7 99.3 99.3 242.2 252.0 9.8
- FIFRA Fund
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 94.7 99.3 99.3 242.2 252.0 9.8
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Ground-Water Protection 97.3 99.3 99.3 252.7 252.0 -7
- FIFRA Fund
TOTAL WORKYEARS 97.3 99.3 99.3 252.7 252.0 -7
4-37
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DRINKING WATER
Ground Water Protection
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $20,462,000, and 252.0 total workyears for
this program, a decrease of $657,400 and 0.7 total workyears from 1992. Of the
request, $14,225,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$6,236,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $1,522,800 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
and a decrease of $2,180,200 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
GROUND WATER PROTECTION
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $20,462,000, and 252.0 total workyears for
this program, of which $14,225,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $6,236,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,522,800 for Salaries and
Expenses, a decrease of $2,180,200 for Abatement, Control and Compliance and a
decrease of 0.7 total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects
increased personnel co.sta for the program workyears. The decrease in Abatement,
Control and Compliance represents the completion of Congressionally directed
activities in 1992.
In 1993, EPA will implement the recommendations of the Agency's Ground-
Water Task Force Report. These recommendations include continued EPA support for
development of comprehensive state ground-water programs. In support of this
overall goal of preventing pollution of ground-water, EPA will: 1) work to
improve the ground-water knowledge base at the state level; 2) assist states in
targeting highest risk geographical areas; and 3) set common, risk based
priorities for both Federal and state enforcement efforts.
The Agency will also provide greater integration and consistency among EPA
and other Federal agencies' programs in order to facilitate comprehensive
protection at the state level. The Office of Water will continue to review other
Agency regulations and guidance to ensure that all ground-water related programs
support the Agency's ground-water protection principles.
The underground injection control (UIC) program will focus on shallow
injection wells. Regulations will be promulgated in January 1993 which for the
first time will control the injection of wastes into this diverse universe of
wells. The Agency will support the states in issuing petitions for newly
regulated categories of hazardous waste and provide implementation support for
oil and gas production wells. The Agency will oversee UIC programs in 41 primacy
state programs, 36 full and 5 partial, and will directly implement 20 Federal
programs in states (15 full and 5 partial) and on Indian lands which do not have
primacy.
4-38
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Work will also continue to support state wellhead protection programs. EPA
and the states will identify for Federal support the high-priority activities.
that will advance comprehensive ground-water programs.. The Agency will provide
assistance for delineating wellhead protection areas and inventorying sources of
contamination and will provide guidance for managing potential threats to public
water supplies.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $21,119,400 supported by 252.7
total workyears for this program, of which $12,702,700 will be from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $8,416,700 will be from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This reflects a transfer from the Drinking Water
Implementation program of $950,000 from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation and 18.0 workyears and a transfer from the Underground Injection
Control program of 136.7 workyears to reflect the April 1991 Office of Water
reorganization. Total workyears include 251.7 from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 1.0 from the Registration and Expedited Processing Revolving
Fund.
For 1992, EPA is providing assistance to states in the development and
implementation of comprehensive ground-water protection programs. The Agency is
also working to provide greater integration and consistency within its programs
as well as with other Federal agencies' programs in order to facilitate
comprehensive protection at the state level. EPA is providing incentives to those
states showing progress in developing and implementing comprehensive ground-water
protection programs. Particular emphasis is placed on providing incentives to
those states exploring innovative methods of establishing ground-water protection
priorities/approaches that are used to guide both Federal and state ground-water
activities.
The Agency continues to assist states in their development and
implementation of wellhead protection (WHP) programs established in the 1986
amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act. WHP programs and activities are
important components of comprehensive programs and provide effective means of
setting priorities by directing protection toward drinking water supplies,
thereby reducing public health risks from contaminated drinking water.
EPA is developing and implementing policies on cross-program integration
of ground-water data (e.g. minimum data element set) and is promoting state
development of Geographic Information Systems (CIS) as priority setting and
decision making tools for state and local officials. EPA is strengthening the
scientific knowledge underlying comprehensive ground-water protection programs
by seeking additional environmental indicators of ground-water quality. EPA is
also expanding and enhancing efforts to educate the public as well as state and
local government officials regarding ground-water protection issues.
EPA continues to directly implement 20 Federal UIC programs, 15 full and*
5 partial, in states and on Indian lands which do not have primacy. Direct
implementation activities focus on making permit determinations as well as
ensuring adherence to permit conditions and other regulatory requirements by
conducting field inspections, witnessing mechanical integrity tests, and
reviewing well record reports. The Agency continues to review primacy
applications, and provide guidance and grants as appropriate.
4-39
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The Agency oversees 41 primacy state programs, 36 full and 5 partial
programs. EPA provides technical assistance to primacy states and ensures that
the programs continue to meet the minimum regulatory requirements. The UIC
program is working closely with local jurisdictions to encourage their
involvement in implementing environmental regulations. In particular, EPA is
seeking increased local participation to achieve voluntary remedial/closure
actions for shallow injection wells, which otherwise would require formal
enforcement actions.
For activities related to the 1988 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and
Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) amendments, 1.0 workyear supports technical assistance
in the pesticide registration process.
Congressional Directives; A total of $2,200,000 from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation is for the Congresaionally directed projects on the
Spokane Aquifer, to fund the National Rural Water Association's programs for
ground water protection, and to support public information in the UIC program.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $12,484,500 supported by 97.3
total workyears for this program, of which $4,951,000 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, $7,494,800 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation and $38,700 was from the Registration and Expedited Processing
Revolving Fund. Total workyears included 96.9 from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 0.4 from the Registration and Expedited Processing Revolving
Fund.
During 1991, EPA expanded its assistance to states for developing and
implementing comprehensive ground-water protection programs. EPA and the states
profiled the states' current ground-water activities to identify gaps in
protection. These state profiles provide an important base of information and
help states target the ground-water efforts necessary in each state to
comprehensively protect the resource. The Agency assisted states in such
technical ground-water concerns as mapping of aquifer systems, conducting
resource assessments, developing source control strategies, and determining
vulnerability characteristics. EPA also instituted measures to foster
institutional capacity building, such as coordination of state management and
control activities with local governments to engender effective implementation
of comprehensive ground-water protection programs. In addition, EPA worked with
other Federal agencies to ensure consistency and integration in Federal ground-
water policies, regulations and guidance.
The Agency continued to assist states in their development of WHP programs
established in the 1986 amendments to the Safe Drinking Hater Act. This program
is an essential component of a state comprehensive ground-water protection
program. EPA expanded its efforts in WHP demonstration projects, by
concentrating on local issues related to the protection of wellhead areas.
EPA maintained its efforts in Sole Source Aquifer (SSA) designations. The
Agency continued to review projects financially assisted by the Federal
government on or near designated SSAs.
For activities related to the 1988 FIFRA amendments, 0.4 workyears
4-40
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supported hydrogeological and related technical assistance in the pesticide
registration process.
4-41
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Enforcement
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
DRINKING WATER
ENFORCEMENT
Drinking Water Enforcement 4-42
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Enforcement
ACTUAL
1991
PRES.
BUDGET
1992
ENACTED
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
REQUEST
1993
INCREASE *
DECREASE -
1993 VS 1992
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Drinking Water
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
$4,085.9 $5,523.2 $5,425.8 $5,186.3 $6,156.3 $970.0
$4,085.9 $5,523.2 $5,425.8 $5,186.3 $6,156.3 $970.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Drinking Water
Enforcement
$4,085.9 $5,523.2 $5,425.8 $5,186.3 $6,156.3 $970.0
TOTAL $4,085.9 $5,523.2 $5,425.8 $5,186.3 $6,156.3 $970.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Drinking Water
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
82.9 104.9 104.9 101.4 109.9 8.5
82.9 104.9 104.9 101.4 109.9 8.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Drinking Water
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS
88.3
88.3
104.9
104.9
104.9
104.9
106.7
106.7
109.9
109.9
3.2
3.2
4-42
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,156,300 and 109.9 total workyears for
1993, an increase of $970,000 and 3.2 total workyears from 1992. All of the
request will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
DRINKING WATER ENFORCEMENT
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,156,300 supported by 109.9 total workyears
for this program, an increase of $970,000 for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 3.2 total workyears. The increase will support regional
enforcement of new public water system (PWS) standards to protect public health.
EPA is working with states in adopting new enforcement authorities and
establishing programs to carry out new requirements. The Agency will directly
enforce the requirements for the surface water treatment and microbiological
contaminants in many states experiencing difficulty in adopting and enforcing
these regulations. In 1993, the highly complex lead and copper rule and the
Inorganic/Synthetic Organic Contaminant (I/SOCs) standards will be effective.
The Regions will negotiate time extension agreements with primacy states for the
lead and I/SOCs requirements. During the interim time period, while the states
build additional program capability, the Agency will enforce against violations
of the new requirements. While EPA enforces these new requirements, states will
be building additional program capability, seeking increased program resources,
training staff and developing procedures, guidelines and policies necessary to
implement the new requirements. For non-primacy states and Indian tribes, the
Agency will implement all new requirements for surface water treatment, total
coliform, lead and I/SOCs regulations.
Given the large increase in program requirements and costs, some states are
considering withdrawing as the primary enforcement agent of their drinking water
program. If this happens, implementation and enforcement of new as well as
existing program requirements will be thrust upon EPA. The Agency will develop
contingency plans for the assumption of primacy, however, EPA resources would be
insufficient to commence direct implementation in many states.
Enforcement depends on timely and accurate reporting of compliance data.
Improvements to the existing data systems will be vital to successful
implementation of the program, since compliance assessment will depend to a large
extent on monitoring data collected from drinking water systems. The expanding
universe of drinking water systems and the large increase in the number of
contaminants analyzed will make an efficient data system imperative. Similarly,
quality assurance of data will be necessary to ensure the credibility of the data
system. Under the Drinking Water Implementation program, the Agency will make
major changes in its data management systems in order to encompass the new
4-43
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requirements. This program will focus on state information reporting to improve
data management and reporting and maintain effective quality control.
In the Underground Injection Control (UIC) program, EPA will accelerate
activities to enforce against violations of shallow injection well requirements.
The Agency will target priority enforcement at shallow wells endangering
underground sources of drinking water and sensitive ecosystems. The Agency will
also continue to ensure testing for mechanical integrity and review and approve
permit requirements and applications for oil and gas, mining, and shallow
injection wells. The monitoring of deep disposal wells will continue in order
to adequately provide for protection of underground sources of drinking water.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,186,300 supported by 106.7
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. Two workyears are transferred into this program from the Drinking
Water Implementation program to reflect the April 1991 Office of Water
reorganization.
Drinking water enforcement focuses on systems that are significant non-
compliers (SNCs), defined on the basis of relative risk to human health posed by
different kinds of violations of the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations
(NPDWRs). While SNCs are the first enforcement priority, all systems in
violation are subject to enforcement action, particularly those systems which are
about to become SNCs or otherwise are causing a public health threat. EPA issues
administrative orders (AOs) or initiates court actions when the states fail to
do so. In addition, the Agency conducts administrative hearings and assesses
penalties for AO noncompliance.
The Agency is focusing on improving internal data management procedures for
faster, more accurate tracking of priority non-compliance and escalating
EPA/state action against violators. The Agency is field testing a data
verification protocol, procedures and users guide, which includes a system to
identify falsified data and prosecution of individuals that knowingly falsify
drinking water data. The Agency, through negotiated agreements with 25 primacy
states, is responsible for full enforcement of the new requirements for surface
water treatment and microbiological contaminant monitoring.
The UIC enforcement program enforces UIC regulations in the absence of
timely and appropriate state action or in states that do not have primary
enforcement authority. Priority enforcement is targeted at shallow wells
endangering underground sources of drinking water and sensitive ecosystems. UIC
enforcement activities ensure testing for mechanical integrity and review and
approve permit requirements and applications for oil and gas, mining and shallow
injection wells. The monitoring of deep disposal wells continues in order to
ensure protection of underground sources of drinking water. Enforcement actions
against violators help to reduce some of the most substantial health threats to
humans and the environment as well as set examples to deter future violators.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $4,085,900 supported by 88.3 total
4-44
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workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
EPA continued to issue AOs against violators of Public Water Supply and
Underground Injection Control program requirements in order to achieve compliance
with regulations and standards set by the Agency. Significant non-compliers
remained the enforcement priority although other violators were pursued. Where
state action failed to remedy a violation, EPA issued AOs or initiated court
action. The Regions assisted Regional Counsels in documenting violations which
required new and more stringent enforcement actions and participated in
activities related to civil enforcement referrals to the Department of Justice.
Approximately five percent of community and non-transient non-community
water systems were in significant non-compliance with microbiological, turbidity,
total trihalomethane or other chemical/radiological requirements. Approximately
26 percent of all community and non-transient non-community water systems
reported some type of violation. The remaining 74 percent of water systems were
in full compliance. The Regions issued 140 final AOs for UIC violations and
assessed $1,430,000 in administrative penalties. They issued 303 final AOs and
16 complaints for the assessment of administrative penalties against PWS
violators. The Agency referred seven new civil cases to the Department of
Justice, in addition to its four on-going civil cases and three criminal cases.
4-45
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5. HAZARDOUS WASTE
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
HAZARDOUS WASTE 5-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Waste Research 5-10
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines and Policies 5-26
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Hazardous Waste .... 5-28
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Air and Radiation ... 5-30
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Water : . . . 5-31
Regulations, Guidelines & Policies - Underground Storage Tanks 5-33
Financial Assistance 5-36
Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance to States ... 5-37
Underground Storage Tanks State Grants 5-39
Hazardous Waste Management Strategies Implementation 5-41
Emergency Planning/Community Right-to-know - Title III 5-45
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Waste Enforcement 5-50
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED
1991 BUDGET 1992
1992
CURRENT . REQUEST
ESTIMATE 1993
1992
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1993 VS 1992
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
Reimbursements
Oil Spills Trust Fund
TOTAL. Hazardous Waste
587,187.7 $101.587.3 596,810.5 $96,595.8 S106.440.0 59,844.2
S192,387.0 3202,553.5 3204,759.4 3201,415.8 S212.303.0 310,887.2
326,257.7 329,394.2 334,059.7 333,996.4 324,844.1 -39,152.3
32,564.8 32,564.8
5305.832.4 3333,535.0 5335,629.6 3332.008.0 3346.151.9 314,143.9
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
1,467.7
1,538.8
1,660.0
1,660.0
1.660.0
1.660.0
1,607.3
1,661.1
1,687.9
1,687.9
80.6
26.8
3262.718.1 3302.619.2 3313.388.6 3310,589.9 3341,973.1 331,383.2
The Solid Waste Disposal Act as amended expired on November 8,
1988. Reauthorization is pending.
5-1
-------
PRES.
BUDGET ENACTED
1992 1992
HAZARDOUS WASTE
DIFFERENCE
CURRENT
ESTIMATE ENACTED VS • EST. VS EST. VS
1992 PRES. BUD PRES. BUD ENACTED
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
TOTAL, Hazardous Haste
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
$101,587
$202,553
$29,394,
$333,535
1,660,
1,660,
.3 $96
.5 $204
.2 $34
.0 $335
.0 1
.0 1
,810.5
,759.4
,059.7
,629.6
,660,0
,660.0
$96
$201
$33
$332
1
1
,595.
.415.
,996.
,008.
,607.
,661.
,8 -$4
.8 $2
4 $4
0 $2
3
1
,776
,205
,665,
,094,
.8
.9
.5
.6
-$*,
-si.
$4.
-si.
991.
137.
602.
527.
-52.
1.
5
7
2
0
7
1
-$214. 7
-$3,343.6
-$63. 3
-$3,621.6
-52.7
1.1
Salaries and Expenses
Changes were made to the Program to reflect mandated Congressional
reductions and/or adds.
Abatement. Control and Compliance
The Hazardous Waste Program absorbed a portion of the Agency's mandated
Congressional reductions and add-ons.
Research and Development
Due to the mandated Congressional reductions and/or adds, changes were made
to the Program.
5-2
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MEDIA BRIDGE TABLE
(dollars in thousands)
1992 CURRENT ESTIMATE:
Changes by Gale gory:
Workforce Costs (+/-)
Legislative Initiatives (+/-)
Program Initiatives (+/-)
Discontinuation of Specific
Increases to FY 1992 Request (-)
Other (+/-)
1993 REQUEST:
HAZARDOUS WASTE
S&E AC&C R&D OIL TOTAL
$96,596 $201,416 $33,996 $0 $332,008
$7,415 $0 $0
$1,174 $0 $0
$1,255 $18,400 $500
$0 -$3,352 -$6,240
$0 -$4,161 -$3,412
$65 $7,480
$2,500 $3,674
$0 $20,155
$0 -$9,592
$0 -$7,573
$106,440 $212,303 $24,844 $2,565 $346,152
5-3
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976, as revised by
the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1984, provides the legislative
mandate for a nationwide program to protect human health and the environment from
the risks of improper management of hazardous and solid wastes. The goals of the
Act are: to ensure adequate and safe treatment of hazardous waste from generation
through disposal; to ensure adequate and safe management and disposal capacity
for solid wastes; and to prevent and detect leakage from underground storage
tanks (USTs).
The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act,. Title III of the
Super fund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, establishes a framework for
addressing risks posed by hazardous chemicals present in communities. This
program provides for development of state and local response plans to prevent,
protect, and inform the public in the event of a chemical release emergency. The
recent Clean Air Act amendments expanded the program by requiring owners and
operators of facilities to develop risk management plans to prevent, detect, and
respond to chemical accidents while creating additional requirements for the
Agency as well. In 1993, working through international organizations, the Agency
will provide assistance in developing international chemical accident
preparedness and prevention programs.
The expectations for EPA's waste management programs continue to rise.
Coupled with dais rise in expectations is a growth in the number and types of
wastes the Agency is expected to address. In addition to the demands imposed by
a burgeoning hazardous waste universe, the Agency will address problems
associated with the municipal solid waste and large volume waste universes, as
well as study and review management practices of the industrial solid waste
universe. In carrying out these responsibilities, the Agency will continue its
work to complete the remaining mandates of HSWA hazardous waste requirements,
many of which are subject to court mandated schedules.
The Agency's strategy to address these demands and expectations is to: 1)
strengthen state programs by leveraging permitting and enforcement resources to
improve hazardous waste program implementation; 2) prioritize workload on the
basis of environmental risk; 3) develop new, and revise existing regulations to
address the needs of a dynamic program with emphasis on remanded regulations; 4)
create a sustainable balance between prevention and corrective action that relies
on interim measures (facility stabilizations) where appropriate; and 5) conduct
scientific research, encourage technology development transfer, and establish
outreach programs to provide the scientific foundation, national information
network, and public communications necessary to successfully implement a national
waste management program.
Leveraging a National Regulatory Program Through the States
States are intended to be the primary implementers of the RCRA program.
The Agency is providing increases in resources to assist states in fulfilling
their growing responsibilities. Increased assistance to states is a key
component of a three- part strategy designed to : 1) increase reliance on
5-4
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existing state authorities to accomplish RCRA environmental goals; 2) enhance
state capabilities and support further authorization of state programs to
implement RCRA requirements; "and 3) strengthen coordination and integration of
EPA and state activities to ensure efficient and 'effective commitment of
resources to environmental results across all RCRA program areas.
The Agency is placing strong emphasis on focusing resources to achieve
timely and effective environmental results at the largest possible number of RCRA
facilities, and on coordinating Federal and state resources to maximize these
environmental benefits. To accomplish this goal, EPA Regions and the states are
evaluating the environmental priority of each facility in the RCRA universe in
order to direct permitting and enforcement efforts at the highest priority
facilities. By targeting resources and utilizing the state infrastructure, the
Agency hopes to receive the maximum return on its investment in hazardous waste
activities.
The Agency's permitting efforts will focus on addressing high priority
facilities, both for operating permits and for facilities with post-closure
needs. With regard to the latter, the Agency will continue its support of state
efforts to promptly permit post-closure facilities. The Agency and states will
continue to modify permits as necessary to address changing regulations, new
corrective action provisions, and changes to facility design and practices. With
respect to corrective action, the Agency will continue to seek risk reduction
through a combination of interim measures and long term remedies with oversight
tailored to the specific circumstances of the individual facility.
The Agency's commitment to non-hazardous waste management activities will
continue as Regions and states work to implement the revised municipal waste
management criteria and capitalize on the increased national attention to
municipal waste recycling and source reduction. In support of that effort, the
Regions will provide project-specific financial assistance to foster efforts to
attain the municipal waste management and reduction goals established in the
Agency's Agenda for Action. The Agency will also continue to provide technical
and financial assistance to state programs dealing with special large volume
wastes.
As new hazardous wastes continue to be brought into the RCRA regulatory
universe, and new regulations such as the Land Disposal Restrictions are
implemented, an increased level of Federal and state inspection and enforcement
activity will be necessary to ensure continued industry compliance. Examples of
these newly regulated wastes include those brought in under the organic toxicity
characteristic rule, mineral processing and wood preserving waste listings, and
the Boilers and Industrial Furnaces rule.
The Agency will continue to implement inspection targeting techniques to
leverage resources. In 1993, the Agency and the states will focus on identifying
and taking enforcement action against those handlers with the greatest potential
to have concrete pollution prevention conditions integrated into settlement
agreements. The Agency will also place greater emphasis on identifying and
taking enforcement actions against facilities that are in non-compliance with
corrective action permit conditions or orders. In addition, Federal and state
resources will allow for a greater level of enforcement activity in high-risk
geographic areas of long standing Agency concern. These areas will include the
Great Lakes, the Gulf of Mexico, Puget Sound, Chesapeake Bay, Merrimac River, and
5-5
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che Caribbean.
The Underground Storage Tanks (UST) program will focus on preventing,
detecting, and correcting leakage from USTs containing petroleum or other
hazardous substances. Major programmatic activities for 1993 will continue to
include: state program development and approval, focusing state and Federal
compliance and enforcement efforts on the UST leak detection requirements,
working with states to improve the quality and speed -- while reducing the costs
-- of corrective action, and awarding and administering state program grants.
The Agency will continue to monitor and evaluate state implementation and
enforcement activities, and provide ongoing technical information, assistance,
and training to enhance state capabilities. Towards this end, funds will
continue to be made available to the Regions for improvement projects in support
of state program development and priority implementation activities.
EPA will continue to concentrate on building state and local capabilities
to implement the emergency planning and community right-to-know program. The
Agency will assist states and local governments by providing a core program of
training and technical assistance that includes updating and disseminating
emergency planning guidance, developing and presenting workshops on hazards
analysis, conducting simulation exercises, and providing assistance on
information management techniques. Enforcement efforts will target facilities
and industries that pose significant risks to the environment.
Sustaining a Responsive National Regulatory Program
The hazardous waste regulatory program must continue its work to complete
the remaining requirements mandated in HSWA, some of which are the subject of
court ordered deadlines. The national program must also respond to the concerns
of an increasingly aware and informed public, which expects Agency action on a
growing universe of waste management facilities in such diverse areas as
municipal solid waste, waste exports and imports, and special large volume
wastes.
In order to maintain a hazardous waste regulatory program consistent with
Congressional intent, the Agency will perform preliminary listing studies and
develop regulations to list as hazardous the specific wastes named in HSWA. In
follow-up to these and earlier listings, the Agency will develop treatment
standards for those wastes designated as hazardous since the enactment of HSWA.
In addition Co the development of treatment standards, the program will also
process treatment capacity and no migration petitions in support of its
implementation of the land disposal restrictions program. Finally, the Agency
will promulgate comprehensive regulations governing corrective action
requirements and procedures at treatment, storage, and disposal facilities.
Taken together, these regulatory activities form the foundation of the Agency's
effort to comply with the HSWA mandates to study, identify, list, and effectively
manage hazardous waste.
In 1993, the Agency will continue the special efforts initiated in 1992 to
finalize and repromulgate hazardous waste regulations that have been remanded in
court decisions. Other significant programmatic efforts include promulgation of
a final rule for the authorization of Indian tribes designed to increase tribal
capabilities in managing environmental protection programs. The Agency will also
5-6
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continue its efforts to characterize industrial waste management practices as a
first step in .understanding the risks posed by these facilities. Collection and
analysis of environmental data will also'be stressed throughout the program in
an effort to enhance decisionmaking and measure program progress.
The Agency will proceed with its efforts to address emerging solid waste
management issues of national concern by serving as a technical clearinghouse for
municipal solid waste management information. The Agency will continue to
address municipal solid waste source reduction and recycling programs recommended
in the Agenda for Action for solid waste. These efforts will include
establishing volume and toxicity reduction goals as well as encouraging the
initiation of source reduction and recycling programs to meet various state and
local needs. The Agency will implement a Subtitle D state program approval rule
that provides the necessary direction for comprehensive management of the
nation's municipal solid waste.
The Agency will respond to management concerns in its special waste
program by issuing mixed waste guidance and rules, and conducting a regulatory
determination on cement kiln dust. The Agency will also develop technical
information in the areas of oil and gas exploration and production to assist
states in improving their existing programs. In the international arena, the
Agency will develop amendments to its hazardous waste export program rules to
ensure proper disposition of hazardous waste abroad. RCRA personnel will also
continue to track all import and export notifications for all regulated wastes
entering or leaving the United States. Finally, the Agency, in coordination with
Mexican officials, will continue to implement the Integrated Border Plan.
Pollution prevention and waste minimization are national priorities and the
Agency's preferred method for mitigating threats posed by hazardous and solid
waste. The Agency will promote pollution prevention by encouraging the use of
re-mining techniques at abandoned or inactive mine sites, by exploring waste
minimization opportunities in the oil and gas industry and by evaluating waste
minimization initiatives in other industrial sectors. The Agency will reexamine
and rewrite policies, guidance and regulations to promote pollution prevention
through permitting activities. The Agency will also continue to integrate
pollution prevention conditions into RCRA settlement agreements and will
implement the .recommendations of the study on the role of the RCRA inspector in
waste minimization activities. The UST program will continue its mission to
prevent pollution of surface and groundwater due to the leaking of underground
storage tanks.
Finally, the Agency will continue the regulatory development process
necessary to meet the statutory deadlines under the Clean Air Act accidental
release provisions. Efforts will focus on: 1) finalizing the list of hazardous
chemicals (and associated thresholds) that upon accidental release present the
risk of serious harm to the general public and the environment; 2) finalizing
regulations and developing guidance that requires owners and operators of
facilities to develop risk management plans to prevent, detect, and respond to
accidental releases into the air, 3) developing reasonable regulations covering
detection, monitoring, prevention and response; 4) providing support and
establishing a liaison role with the Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation
Board; 5) completing the study and report to Congress on the hazards associated
with hydrofluoric acid; 6) coordinating facility reporting information with state
and local governments; and 7) encouraging states to take ownership of the
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program.
Supporting the Regulatory Program Through Research. Technology Transfer and'
Public Participation
The research program provides the scientific and technical information
necessary to support the development and implementation of hazardous waste
regulations. Scientific information on risk assessment, monitoring
methodologies, alternate technologies, pollution prevention, health effects, and
the environmental processes associated with hazardous waste, from generation to
disposal, is provided to the Regions, state and local government, private
industry, and other decision-makers.
The Agency will conduct research in several areas: pollution prevention and
waste minimization, alternate technologies for the management and disposal of
wastes, land disposal, incineration, waste characterization and identification,
quality assurance, underground storage tank releases, oil spills, and municipal
solid wastes. The Agency will support technology transfer of its research
findings to encourage implementation of improved methods and practices.
Increased resources will be provided to support research on the use of
bioremediation for the cleanup of hazardous wastes and on the health effects of
incineration. Increased resources will also be provided to support
implementation of site-specific technical support for RCRA corrective action.
Decreased resources are being allocated to areas of research for which the
program is largely completed (e.g., waste identification and characterization,
incineration, and specific projects that will be completed by 1993).
Utilizing the Private Sector for Essential Consulting Services
The Agency requires private consultants to perform essential support in
cases where it is not economically effective to possess the specialized, expert
personnel services required. The Agency will utilize the services of consultants
for development of regulatory impact analyses, highly complex regulations, and
national guidance documents. Consultants will be required for functionally
specialized technical assistance necessary for program implementation, and for
the development of comprehensive information management systems.
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
CURRENT
INCREASE (+)
Effl. Stds. Decision Doc.
Effl. Stds. Data Summaries.
UIC Petition Reviews
Implementation
Guidance Documents . . 21
Reports to Congress . . 1
State Authorization (cum.)
Base Program . . 47
HSWA Cluster I . 8
Final Permit Determinations
and Closures (Cumulative) 2494
Ongoing Permit Processing 792
UIC Permit Revisions
Enforcement/Corrective Action
Inspections .... 13.060
Administrative
Orders 1,621
Civil Litigation
Criminal
Litigation . . .
Monitoring of
Corrective Action
Activities . . .
POTW Corrective
Measures ....
181
122
700
26
14
12
19
1
48
15
2753
725
6.530
1,649
169
17
4
13
16
1
49
22
2995
780
17,052
1.763
179
-9
-10
+1
-3
0
+1
+7
+242
+55
+522
+114
+10
132
801
132
801
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Research and
Development
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
19-93 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
HAZARDOUS WASTE
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Waste Research 5-10
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Research
ACTUAL " PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE ' 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Waste
Research
Salaries & Expenses $13,682.3 $13,981.3 $13,373.8 $13,749.7 $15,465.0 $1,715.3
Research & Development $26,257.7 $29,394.2 $34,059.7 $33,996.4 $24,844.1 -$9,152.3
Oil Spills Trust Fund $2,564.8 $2,564.8
TOTAL $39,940.0 $43,375.5 $47,433.5 $47,746.1 $42,873.9 -$4,872.2
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $13,682.3 $13,981.3 $13,373.8 $13,749.7 $15,465.0 $1,715.3
Research & Development $26,257.7 $29,394.2 $34,059.7 $33,996.4 $24,844.1 -$9,152.3
Oil Spills Trust Fund $2,564.8 $2,564.8
Hazardous Waste TOTAL $39,940.0 $43,375.5 $47,433.5 $47,746.1 $42,873.9 -$4,872.2
Research
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Waste 209.6 219.2 219.2 223.9 236.6 12.7
Research
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 209.6 219.2 219.2 223.9 236.6 12.7
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Hazardous Waste 218.7 219.2 219.2 223.9 236.6 12.7
Research
TOTAL WORKYEARS 218.7 219.2 219.2 223.9 236.6 12.7
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Research
Principal Outputs
1993 o Annual report on quality control samples for RCRA Appendix VIII
chemicals.
o Inorganic analytical methods for detection and measurement of
mining wastes.
o Report on effective quantitative methods for groundwater well
monitoring network design.
o Report on the sampling procedures and methods for estimating the
acid generation potential of mining.
o Twenty health and environmental effects documents.
o RfDs, RfCs, and cancer potency estimates for RCRA chemicals for
IRIS.
o Technical support for RCRA site-specific assessments (e.g.,
corrective action, petitions, ACLs, etc).
o Final guidance manual on the feasibility study of environmental
monitoring and exposure assessment for a municipal waste
combuster: Rutland Vermont pilot study.
o Interim report on potential hazards of municipal waste: recycling
special wastes.
o Report on bioavailability of metal residue in soil.
o Evaluation of acoustical systems for locating leaks in pressurized
UST pipelines.
o Report on the evaluation of laboratory effectiveness tests of
chemical shoreline cleaning agents.
1992 o Annual report on quality control samples for RCRA Appendix VIII
chemicals.
o Soil sampling preparation manual for volatile organic compounds.
o Vadose zone monitoring guidance manual.
o Feasibility study on the development of methods for the detection
of dioxin and mercury using continuous emissions monitoring
technologies.
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o Report on measurement of volatile organic compounds in the soil
using modified purge and trap capillary column gas chromatography/
mass spectrometry technology.
o Strategy for monitoring Appendix IX compounds at municipal solid
waste ash monofills.
o Twenty health and environmental effects documents.
o RfDs, RfCs, and cancer potency estimates for IRIS.
o Reports on potential hazards of municipal waste and recycling
composting.
o Laboratory dispersant effectiveness tests evaluated for regulatory
development.
o Report on leak detection technology for "large" underground
storage tanks and for chemical storage tanks.
o Report on scientific evaluation of the mobility and degradability
of organic contaminants in the subsurface environment for UST.
o Report on optimization of soil vapor extraction for remediation of
subsurface gasoline release.
o Report on numerical model for multiphase chemical transport in
porous media.
o Report on QA/QC in development and evaluation of groundwater
models.
o Report on protocol for determining anaerobic microbiological
transformation rates for chemicals in soils and sediments.
o Technical support document for Corrective Action Regulatory Impact
Analysis.
o Technical support document for toxicity characteristic modeling.
o Tier III bioremediation production screening protocol evaluated
for open water using 10 commercial products.
o Protocol developed to test effectiveness and toxicity of oil
dispersants.
1991 o Report on the evaluation of selected borehole geophysical methods
for hazardous waste site investigation and monitoring.
o Annual report on quality control samples for RCRA Appendix VIII
chemicals.
o Report on quality control samples for the analytical methods for
detecting and measuring aldehydes and ketones in groundwater and
5-12
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leachate.
o Manual sampling methods for hydrogen chloride and chlorine gas
from stack gas emissions produced by hazardous waste incinerators.
o 17 Health and Environmental Effects Documents.
o RfDs, RfCs, and cancer potency estimates for RCRA chemicals for
IRIS.
o Technical Support for RCRA Site-Specific Assessments (e.g.,
Corrective Action, Petitions, ACLs).
o Municipal Waste Combustors Indirect Exposures Methodology: Case
Studies (St. Louis and Jacksonville).
o Reference document on soil vapor extraction technology.
o Computerized on-line information system for underground storage
tank technology transfer available to States.
o Final report on the evaluation of volumetric leak detection for
chemical USTs.
o User-friendly computer program for estimating hydraulic properties
of unsaturated soils for contaminant transport modeling.
o Report on comparison of two-dimensional model project and
experimental measurements of multiphase chemical transport in
porous media.
o Report on the biotransformation of monoaromatic compounds under
denitrifying conditions.
o Technical background document for amendments to the toxicity
characteristic rule.
o Two-dimensional, multiphase transport model with user's manual.
o Report on forced-air ventilation for remediation of unsaturated
soils contaminated by volatile organic compounds.
o Report on nitrate contamination studies.
o Report on properties influencing microbial colonization of
hazardous waste sites.
o Report on transport of hydrophobic organic chemicals in multi-
solvent systems.
o Report on methods for handling spatial variability of subsurface
environments.
o Report on on-site treatment of creosote and pentachloro-phenol
5-13
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sludges and contaminated soil.
Report on in-situ biotransformation of carbon tetrachloride under
anoxic conditions.
State-of-the-art Report on the application and effectiveness of
oil spills drspersants.
Experimental research project completed at Prince William Sound on
bioremediation of cobble beaches.
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Research
BUDGET REQUEST
This is a restructured program element from those identified in the 1992
Budget Request. Resources are identified at the new program element level and
not at the program issue level.
1993 Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $42,873,900 supported by 236.6 total
workyears for 1993, of which $15,465,000 and 235.6 workyears will be for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $24,844,100 will be for the Research and
Development appropriation, and $2,564,800 and 1 workyear will be for the Oil
Spills Response appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,715,300 in
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a decrease $9,152,300 in the
Research and Development appropriation, and an increase of 11.7 total
workyears from 1992. The decreases reflect completion of several projects,
the changing priority of the Agency's research to focus on higher risk
environmental issues, and the shift of oil spills research to the Oil Spills
Response account.
In 1993, the Agency requests a total of $2,564,800 supported by 1.0
total workyear which will be for the Oil Spills Response Account, of which
$64,800 will be transferred from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$2,500,000 will be transferred from the Research and Development
appropriation. During 1992, this activity was funded from both the Salaries
and Expense and Research and Development appropriations.
1992 Budget
The Agency is allocating a total of $47,746,100 supported by 223.9 total
workyears for this program element, of which $13,749,700 is from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $33,996,400 is from the Research and
Development appropriation.
1991 Budget
The Agency obligated a total of $39,940,000 supported by 218.7 total
workyears for this program element, of which $13,682,300 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $26,257,700 was from the Research and
Development appropriation.
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
The Hazardous Waste Research Program develops the scientific and
technical information necessary to support hazardous waste regulations, and
provides information to the Regions, State and local governments, private
industry, and other decision-makers on hazardous waste characterization and
technology. Research is conducted in: pollution prevention and waste
5-15
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minimization; alternate technologies for the management and disposal of
wastes; land disposal; incineration; waste characterization and
Identification; quality assurance; underground storage tank releases;
pollution prevention; municipal solid wastes and oils spills through 1992.
Technology transfer is also provided to the Regions, States, municipal
governments and the private sector.
The objective of the Oil Spills Research Program, under the Oil Spills
Response Appropriation, is to provide the technology required to prevent,
control, and monitor accidental discharges of oil into the environment. Title
VII of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 mandates a coordinated Federal research
and development program to support the on-scene cleanup coordinator. This
research program with that of other agencies will provide technical support.
RESEARCH ISSUES
The sections below describe research program issues by each fiscal year.
WASTE IDENTIFICATION
1993 Program Request
EPA will conduct research to improve procedures for characterizing
wastes for RCRA implementation. This includes methods for determining the
chemical composition of wastes and for detecting levels of toxic constituents
in groundwater, air, and soil. Such research enables rapid multi-media
screening for hazardous constituents in both hazardous and solid wastes. EPA
will develop protocols and procedures to assure accurate data for waste
management and will develop new analytical methods for inclusion in the SW-846
reference manual. EPA will continue to review and expand existing methods to
identify additional waste compounds. EPA will conduct subsurface monitoring
research in the areas of soil gas, saturated zone and vadose zone monitoring,
borehole geophysics, monitoring well network design, and fiber optic sensor
research. Remote sensing activities will be reduced in 1993 with their
resources being redirected to higher priority efforts.
1992 Program
EPA is conducting research to improve procedures to characterize wastes
for implementing RCRA. Scientists develop protocols and procedures to assure
accurate data for waste management and develop new analytical methods for
inclusion in manuals. Research is expanding existing methods and identifying
additional problem compounds. EPA is also conducting subsurface monitoring
research in the areas of soil gas, saturated zone and vadose zone monitoring,
borehole geophysics, monitoring well network design, and fiber optic sensor
research. Research is evaluating and incorporating new technologies to
maintain the integrity of remote sensing capability.
1991 Accomplishments
EPA analyzed dye waste streams and evaluated analytical methods in an
effort to determine whether specific dyes should be listed as hazardous
wastes. Researchers completed a major comparative evaluation of groundwater
5-16
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sampling devices for hazardous wastes which assist in controlling sampling
bias in monitoring wells.
WASTE CHARACTERIZATION
1993 Program Request
EPA scientists will conduct waste characterization research on
multimedia site assessment models to support hazardous waste management
decisions. Methods and data for predicting subsurface contamination, and
procedures for evaluating the impacts of wastes will be developed. Research
will evaluate models describing the formation of biological species of metals,
perform decision model testing, develop predictive models for the toxicity of
chemical mixtures, and evaluate field saturated and unsaturated subsurface
contaminant transport models.
EPA's Office of Research and Development with the Program Office
supported Health and Environmental Effects Documents (HEEDs). In 1993, this
support will be provided by the program office.
1992 Program
EPA is conducting research on site assessment models to support
management decisions, methods and data for predicting subsurface
contamination, and procedures and data to evaluate the impacts of wastes and
closure criteria on aquatic habitats and species. This research supports
evaluation of models describing biological formation of metals, performance
testing of decision models, the development of a predictive models, and field
evaluation of transport models. The research also evaluates bioavailability,
uptake, and metabolism of hazardous chemicals.
EPA is also preparing chemical specific health and environmental effects
documents to support RCRA 3001 listing decisions, providing support to the
land disposal restriction program in the form of reference dose documentation,
and refined assessment methods such as research on microcomputer-assisted risk
assessment tools.
1991 Accomplishments
EPA completed seventeen health and environmental effects documents for
listing/delisting programs and numerous reference dose determinations for use
in the land disposal restriction program. Assessments were conducted that
related to corrective action and various petitions for relief, such as those
for alternative concentrations limits and land disposal ban exceptions.
Scientists conducted research in support of risk assessment, contaminant fate
and transport prediction, corrective action and closure activities at
hazardous waste sites. Screening level and more site-specific assessment
methods were developed for implementing waste management decisions. Field
evaluated methods and data were developed to predict concentrations and to
remediate wastes. Testing and field validation was conducted on protocols for
determining the biological hazard associated with contaminated soils, water,
and sediments.
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LAND DISPOSAL
1993 Program Request
EPA will not request funds for this specific issue in FY 1993 since it
completed its research support for land disposal hazardous waste regulations
during 1992 and will not request funds for this specific issue in 1993.
Resources supporting this activity have been redirected to higher priority
Agency needs.
1992 Program
EPA's research to develop the scientific data base necessary to support
implementation of land disposal regulation comes to conclusion in 1992. The
remaining research conducted for 1992 focuses on disposal of hazardous waste
to landfills, such as studies on the use of synthetic and clay liners and the
effectiveness of alternative closure and monitoring procedures for surface
impounds.
1991 Accomplishments
EPA updated technical resource documents on liners and covers for
landfills. These updates are used by Regions and State agencies. Studies were
also completed on the integrity of landfill liners.
INCINERATION
1993 Program Request
EPA will investigate laboratory and pilot scale incineration units to
determine the performance on a range of thermal treatment devices.
Incineration research will focus on four areas: 1) characterizing performance
of existing thermal technologies; 2) developing methods for compliance
monitoring of these facilities; 3) characterizing products of incomplete
combustion and their formation conditions; and 4) developing methods to
predict performance to avoid process failure and control process reliability.
EPA will develop information for both industrial processes and incinerators to
support regulation of toxic metal emissions, emission of products of
incomplete combustion, and for refinement of the destruction removal
efficiency rule. In health effects, research will evaluate the relationship
between exposure to incineration residuals containing metals and the delivered
dose.
The full scale hazardous waste incineration studies provided through
1992 will be eliminated beginning in 1993. The Pine Bluff facility which has
been the location of full scale studies will remain operational for needs of
the Superfund Program.
1992 Program
EPA is conducting research to support implementation of incineration
regulations, carry out laboratory, pilot scale, and full scale incineration
studies to determine the performance of a range of thermal treatment devices.
5-18
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Research will develop information about incinerators to support regulation of
toxic metal emissions for refinement of the destruction removal efficiency
•rule. Results of this research are used-by permitting officials to evaluate
permit requests and to monitor compliance with performance requirements. In
health effects, research is evaluating the relationship between exposure to
incineration residuals containing metals and the dose to target tissues where
health effects could occur.
1991 Accomplishments
.#'
Research provided results from metal speciation studies to the program
office. These results provided the technical basis for Agency hazardous
incineration policies, regulations, and permits and compliance actions.
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
1993 Program Request
EPA will emphasize research on source reduction and recycling of
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). This research will include efforts to reduce the
level of toxics in MSW residues, assess processes for conversion of biomass to
useful products, analyze compost properties for use in the development of
product specifications, and evaluate additional reuse options for combustion
ash. Land disposal research will concentrate on experiments dealing with the
utility of the bioreactor concept. The Municipal Innovative Technology
Evaluation (MITE) program will include use of a Municipal Recycling Facility
(MRFs) to collect data on emissions and integrate the research to develop
comparative risk assessment methods for recycling facilities based on field
data. EPA will redirect support from other research areas to expand the MITE
Recycle/Reuse Demonstrations.
EPA's health research will identify mutagenic compounds in Municipal
Waste Combustor (MWC) emissions as the first step in a program to improve the
health risk assessments for such facilities. Results will permit the
monitoring of specific mutagenic chemicals and will allow risk assessments to
be performed on specific chemicals of interest.
Scientists will revise and update the methodology for assessing health
risks associated with indirect exposures to combustor emissions. Research
will begin on a comprehensive methodology for comparing risks from various
waste management options in an integrated fashion.
Research will conduct studies to characterize leachate from municipal
landfills, with specific emphasis on metals, organics, and variations in
"leachate over time under varying climatic conditions. EPA will also study
continuous emission monitors for dioxins/furans and mercury.
1992 Proeram
The MSW Research Program develops technical information to assist State
and local decision-makers to manage their municipal solid waste programs.
This includes research to improve the ability to assess risks associated with
a variety of waste management options; research on the control of air
5-19
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pollution emissions from thermal destruction; the safe handling, utilisation.
and disposal of combustion residues; source reduction, recycling, disposal,
•and evaluation under the Municipal Innovative Technology Evaluation (MITE)
Program of innovative technologies for management' of municipal solid waste.
1991 Accomplishments
EPA's Office of Health and Environmental Assessment produced reports on
the methodology for assessing exposure to municipal solid waste combustor
residuals and a methodology for assessing health risk associated with indirect
exposure to combustor emissions. Case studies were completed applying the
second of these methodologies for emissions in St. Louis, MO. and
Jacksonville, FL. Research provided data on groundwater monitoring in wet
environments used by the Agency for rulemaking in developing Subtitle D
facility location standards.
A demonstration project using the ash from MSW incinerators as a binder
for producing useful products such as concrete blocks and cement was
completed. Three new studies of innovative processes were initiated through
the MITE Program: 1) landfill mining, a process which could recover valuable
wastes and land at the same time as repairing or replacing liners, 2) sorting
of post consumer plastics, and 3) co-incineration of MSW with sewage sludge
using pure oxygen to assist in combustion.
ALTERNATE TECHNOLOGIES
1993 Program Request
EPA will conduct assessments of existing and emerging physical,
chemical, and biological treatment technologies. This includes technologies
that can lead to improved treatment for gaseous, liquid, and solid waste
streams. The major focus for 1993 will be placed on bioremediation and
stabilization of hazardous wastes.
Start up and development support will be provided for directed grants
for research in 1992 on basic and applied polymers research, recycling of
mixed office wastes, pollution abatement demonstrations, and solar application
on detoxification of hazardous wastes.
1992 Program
The Alternate Technologies Research Program examines both existing and
emerging alternative techniques for treating or detoxifying hazardous waste.
ORD conducts assessments of existing and emerging treatment technologies.
Researchers are developing and demonstrating low and no waste production
technologies, evaluating environmentally friendly products, and enhanced
recycling through product design.
Congressional Directives. A total of $2,890,000 is for Congressionally
directed projects for the Center for Excellence in Polymer Research and
Environmental Study ($1,000,000), Mixed Office Waste Recycle Project
($1,300,000, Pollution Abatement Demonstration ($90,000), and Solar and
Renewable Energy Project ($500,000).
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1991 Accomplishments
ORD evaluated two treatment processes for wastes likely to be restricted
from landfills. The waste studied were residues from pot-liners formed from
the production of aluminum and wastes from wood treating processes. These
studies were completed and have been provided to the program office to
incorporate in regulatory requirements as appropriate.
POLLUTION PREVENTION
1993 Program Request
The pollution prevention research program will support research and
demonstration projects that are designed to further the uses of source
reduction and to a lesser degree recycling as preferable environmental
strategies. EPA will develop and demonstrate low and no waste production
technologies, evaluate environmentally-friendly products, enhance recycling
through product design, and initiate long-term projects to determine pollution
prevention possibilities for new processes and products. Research will focus
on encouraging waste minimization assessments as a means of preventing
pollution. The pollution prevention research program will begin to focus more
on efforts to deal with hard-to-treat hazardous wastes. Waste Reduction
Innovative Technology Evaluation (WRITE) demonstration projects will be
conducted to encourage the transfer of technical information among industries.
Increased support will be provided for hazardous waste pollution
prevention research for 1993. The increase will focus on those activities
supporting the Agency's participation with an interagency research program
(FCCSET) on advanced materials/technology innovation.
1992 Program
EPA's Pollution Prevention Research Program examines both existing and
emerging alternative techniques for treating or detoxifying hazardous waste
and encourages waste minimization through waste minimization assessments. EPA
devotes major portions of the program to reducing the production of pollutants
at their source. Waste reduction innovative technology evaluation
demonstration projects are being conducted to encourage the transfer of
technical information on waste reduction technologies among industries.
1991 Accomplishments
Research developed assessment techniques that assisted in determining
the quantities of pollutants produced in selected waste streams such that
areas could be identified as targets for pollution prevention and reduction.
These techniques are currently available to industry. EPA completed six
pollution prevention guidance manuals allowing companies to reduce their
wastes and provided a self-audit check list to assist specific industries in
setting up waste reduction programs. EPA also completed a report on "
Industrial Pollution Prevention Opportunities for the 1990's" which will
assist seventeen significant polluters.
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TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
•1993 Program Request
EPA will transfer technology to the Regions, States, municipalities and
industry of its research findings to encourage implementation of improved
methods and practices. EPA will support implementation of site-specific
technical support for RCRA corrective action. Five laboratory-based technical
support centers provide direct technical assistance to RCRA Corrective Action
Staff. These technical support centers make maximum use of information
developed and packaged under the Superfund research program and focus on
getting the information delivered in an appropriate fashion to the more
diverse and larger Corrective Action audience. EPA also addresses the
technical information needs of the Hazardous Waste program by providing
handbooks and expert systems to State and local decision-makers in such areas
as the development of a handbook for the management of used waste oil.
1992 Program
Technology transfer of research findings and evaluations will be made
available to the waste community to help in implementation of improved methods
and practices. EPA supports implementation of site-specific technical
support for RCRA corrective action through laboratory-based technical support
centers. These centers use the information developed and packaged under the
research program and distribute it to a diverse audience. EPA is continuing
to support the technical information needs of the Hazardous Waste Research
Program by providing handbooks and expert systems to State and local decision-
mc.kers.
1991 Accomplishments
EPA completed development of its seminar series on MSW landfills. It
includes stabilization technology for reducing risks at corrective action
sites and integrated solid waste management plans for small communities.
RELEASES
1993 Program Request
Underground Storage Tank (UST) research will evaluate prevention,
detection, and corrective action technologies to identify cost-effective,
reliable techniques and equipment for USTs. This research will result in
publications on prevention practices, assessment of retrofit techniques for
leaking underground storage tanks, and improvement of emergency response and
remedial corrective action technologies. EPA will evaluate procedures for
identifying active leaks to underground storage tanks, and will use monitoring
techniques to evaluate the performance of passive bioremediation and soil
venting technologies. EPA will conduct research for leak detection and
monitoring of non-gasoline hydrocarbons, such as dense immiscible liquids
(e.g., solvents, creosotes, and PCB oils.). EPA will conduct remote sensing
and aerial photography to assist permit writers.
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1992 Program
UST research will evaluate technologies to identify cost-effective,
reliable techniques and equipment for USTs. Research' is nearing completion on
identification and evaluation of reliable leak detection methods for
underground chemical tanks and is pursuing private operation of its leak
detection facility under a Federal Technology transfer Act (FTTA) Agreement.
EPA also evaluates procedures for identifying active leaks to USTs, for
characterizing and determining the need to clean up a site, for monitoring the
cleanup and for deciding when the cleanup has been completed. Finally,
research will conduct remote sensing to provide interpretation of historical
data and current photographs of specific sites to assist in issuing and
enforcing RCRA permits.
1991 Accomplishments
EPA's monitoring program developed supplemental guidance documents used
by Regional and State staff for field screening of oxygen gas, carbon dioxide,
and soil gasses at UST sites. Research continued studies on determining the
applicability and cost-effectiveness of in-situ reclamation techniques to the
unsaturated-zone, ground-water contamination resulting from leaking
underground tanks, and other hazardous waste sources. Results of technologies
such as soil washing and soil venting were evaluated and published which
looked at cost effectiveness of equipment and its reliability for leak
detection methods for underground storage tanks.
QUALITY AfSURANCE
1993 Program Request
EPA will conduct performance studies of RCRA laboratories with
associated review and interpretation of results. EPA will evaluate
statistical procedures for use in performance and methods evaluations and
provide oversight review of the privately-contracted quality assurance
program. Quality assurance research will focus on improving matrices and
expanding the universe of materials for which quality control samples are
available. This is a continuing program that will reflect little change in
function over the years. Vithout adequate quality assurance and safeguards,
test data used to make decisions could be flawed resulting in the loss of
millions dollars in cleaning up costs.
1992 Program
This ongoing program conducts performance studies of RCRA laboratories
with associated review and interpretation of results. It evaluates
statistical procedures for use in performance evaluation, methods evaluation
studies, and provides oversight review of the privately-contracted quality
assurance program. Quality assurance research focuses on improving matrices
and expanding the universe of materials for which quality control samples are
available.
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1991 Accomplishments
EPA conducted three performance evaluation studies of RCRA Regional
laboratories and fourteen interlaboratory method validation studies to assure
the quality of analysis in detecting and measuring hazardous waste.
Corrective actions were taken where necessary.
SPECIAL RESEARCH CENTERS
1993 Program Request
EPA will support activities at the Institute for Environmental Issues
and Policy Assessment at the Southern University of Louisiana. The Institute
facilitates the transfer of new knowledge and technologies, conducts studies
of environmental risk assessment, and facilitates small and minority business
and industry development in environmental waste management.
EPA provided fanding in 1992 for Tufts University and the Oklahoma Solid
Waste Center. ORD believes that these organizations can now become self
sufficient through support by the private sector and other governmental
sources.
1992 Program
EPA is providing support for the Institute for Environmental Issues and
Policy Assessment in Louisiana which conducts studies on environmental risk
assessment and facilitates small and minority business and in industry
development in environmental waste. Tufts University conducts research in
environmental health, pollution prevention strategies and practices, and
international environmental policy and global change. The Oklahoma center
conducts multidiciplinary research on issues related to solid and industrial
wastes.
Congressional Directives. A total of $3,350,000 is for Congressionally
directed projects for the Center for Environmental Management (TUFTS)
($3,200,000) and the National Center for Solid Waste Research ($150,000).
1991 Accomplishments
Only one special center was funded in 1991. It completed a two year
study and presented work shops on local management of chemical risks for State
and local officials responsible for implementing the Federal community-right-
to know law, SARA Title III. It also completed technical research on issues
ranging from landfill design, air pollution control, and health effects of
toxic substances.
OIL SPILLS
1993 Program Request
Support for the EPA oil spills research program beginning in 1993 will
te provided directly from the Federal Oil Spills Response appropriation. The
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1993 proposed research will continue to focus on the development and
validation of protocols to evaluate the effectiveness of chemical and
biological methodologies for removing oil spilled onto, any waters or land. In
accordance with the Interagency Coordinating Committee on Oil Pollution
Research, EPA will develop mechanical cleanup technologies for use on spills
in inland waters and for the disposal of oily debris generated during cleanup
operations. Funding for these programs remain level between 1992 and 1993.
1992 Program
The ORD Oil Spills Research Program provides scientific and engineering
data to the On-Scene-Coordinator (OCSs) at oil spills to choose the most cost-
effective and environmentally sound option for dealing with an oil spill.
These options include technologies for removing oil, as well as methodologies
for determining the effectiveness of the removal process. EPA plans to
complete field verification of the protocols for bioremediation developed in
1991 and 1992. This research provides the coordinator with critical
information required to determine the best cleanup technology to use. EPA
will publish a series of protocols on procedures for evaluating the efficacy
and toxicity of bioremediation processes for use in clean up under various
geographical conditions. EPA will develop protocols suitable for determining
the efficacy and toxicity of dispersants.
Funds were not provided for oil spills research through the Oil Spills
Response Account during 1992. However, funding is provided through the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and the Research and Development
appropriations.
1991 Accomplishments
EPA developed a prototype instrument.for rapid identification of crude
oil in surface water, conducted laboratory studies to evaluate the change in
electrical properties in shoreline material due to contamination by oil and
explored geophysical techniques to evaluate depths of contamination in
shoreline environments. Research has updated the state-of-the-art
documentation on the application and effectiveness of oil dispersant.
Researchers also updated the laboratory testing soils treatability protocol
used by the Regions, States, and industry to evaluate biological treatment
systems.
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Abatement and Control
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
HAZARDOUS WASTE
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines and Policies
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Hazardous Waste
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies
Air and Radiation . .
Water
Regulations, Guidelines & Policies - Underground Storage Tanks
Financial Assistance ...
Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance to States . .
Underground Storage Tanks State Grants
Hazardous Waste Management Strategies Implementation
Emergency Planning/Community Right-to-know - Title III ,
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines & Policies
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies-Hazardous
Waste
Salaries & Expenses $19,944.8 £23,098.6 $21,555.6 $21,555.6 $23,428.0 $1,872.4
Abatement Control and $41,145.4 $45,429.5 $45,429.5 $44,483.7 $45,883.7 $1,400.0
Compliance
TOTAL $61,090.2 $68,528.1 $66,985.1 $66,039.3 $69,311.7 $3,272.4
RCRA Regulatory Program
- Office of Air and
Radiation
Salaries & Expenses $630.9 $874.6 $858.5 $858.5 $886.3 $27.8
Abatement Control and $3,270.3 $3,073.3 $3,073.3 $3,034.4 $1,673.3 -$1,361.1
Compliance
TOTAL $3,901.2 $3,947.9 $3,931.8 $3,892.9 $2,559.6 -$1,333.3
RCRA Regulatory Program
- Office of Water
Salaries & Expenses $1,789.9 $1,110.2 $1,104.1 $1,057.5 $543.8 -$513.7
Abatement Control and $3,892.8 $2,420.5 $2,420.5
Compliance
TOTAL $5,682.7 $3,530.7 $3,524.6 $1,057.5 $543.8 -$513.7
Regulations, Guidelines
and Policies - UST
Salaries & Expenses $3,488.0 $4,107.4 $3,953.6 $3,942.6 $4,110.1 $167.5
Abatement Control and $3,906.1 $4,165.8 $5.165.8 $5,087.8 $4,165.8 -$922.0
Complianc6
TOTAL $7,394.1 $8,273.2 $9,119.4 $9,030.4 $8,275.9 -$754.5
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $25,853.6 $29,190.8 $27,821.8 $27,414.2 $28,968.2 $1,554.0
Abatement Control and $52,214.6 $55,089.1 $56,089.1 $52,605.9 $51,722.8 -$883.1
Compliance
Waste Management TOTAL $78,068.2 $84,279.9 $83,560.9 $80,020.1 $80,691.0 $670.9
Regulations,
Guidelines & Policies
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Regulations, Guidelines 248.6 271.3 271.3 269.8 275.3 5.5
& Policies-Hazardous
Waste
RCRA Regulatory Program 9.9 13.0 13.0 13.0 13.0
- Office of Air and
Radiation
RCRA Regulatory Program 33.9 20.5 20.5 20.3 10.0 -10.3
- Office of Water
|nutations, Guidelines 55.8 66.4 66.4 65.1 66.4 1.3
m\ Policies - UST
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines & Policies
ACTUAL " PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMA'TE ' 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
348.2 371.2 371.2 368.2 364.7 -3.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies-Hazardous
Waste
RCRA Regulatory Program
- Office of Air and
Radiation
RCRA Regulatory Program
- Office of Water
Regulations, Guidelines
and Policies - UST
TOTAL UORKYEARS
258.0 271.3 271.3 269.8 275.3
5.5
10.4
13.0 13.0 13.0 13.0
35.6 20.5 20.5 20.3 10.0
60.1 66.4 66.4 66.6 66.4
364.1 371.2 371.2 369.7 364.7
-10.3
-2
-5.0
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines, and Policies
Budget Request
The Agency requests, a total of $80,691,000 and 364.7 total workyears for
1993, an increase of $670,900 and a decrease of 5.0 total workyears from 1992.
Of the request, $28,968,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $51,722,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $1,554,000 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and an decrease of $883,100 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
REGULATIONS. GUIDELINES. AND POLICIES -- HAZARDOUS WASTE
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $69,311,700 and 275.3 total workyears for
this program, of which $23,428,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $45,883,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,872,400 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, $1,400,000 for Abatement, Control and Compliance, and 5.5
total workyears from the 1992 levels. The increase in total workyears and
Abatement, Control and Compliance supports Agency efforts in environmental data
gathering, oil and gas programs, Indian programs, and waste import/export issues.
The increase in Salaries and Expenses supports the new workyears and increased
personnel costs.
In 1993, the Agency will continue the development and promulgation of major
regulations, most of which are dictated by statutory mandates, court orders, and
court remands. Other activities will focus on high priority waste listings which
will expand the universe of Subtitle C wastes, and final regulations governing
RCRA. corrective actions. The Agency will promulgate Phase II land disposal
restrictions for certain newly identified wastes and propose Phase III land
disposal restrictions for other newly identified wastes. In addition, the Agency
will promulgate a regulation to protect against releases due to the storage of
containerized liquids in landfills, and propose regulations governing the
disposal of pulp and paper mill sludges in surface impoundments and landfills.
The Agency will provide guidance and technical assistance to ensure effective
implementation of regulations for permitting of boilers and furnaces, management
of contaminated soil and debris, and corrective action. Finally, the Agency will
continue to develop and disseminate to Regional and state permit writers
technical guidance on new regulations, including guidance for state programs,
corrective action, waste combustion, and post-closure and clean closure.
.The Agency will continue its pollution prevention efforts by coordinating
waste minimization activities, providing technical assistance, conducting a
recycling media campaign, proposing national procurement guidelines, and
redefining solid waste. International partnership will remain a high item on the
Agency agenda, with emphasis on implementing the Basel Convention on
£ransboundary shipments of waste.
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The Agency will continue efforts to address non-hazardous (Subtitle D)
waste issues by serving as a technical clearinghouse for management information,
Options, and guidelines. The Agency will be implementing used oil management
standards. EPA will continue to pursue non-regulatory approaches to the
management of special large volume wastes. In support of the President's
National Energy Strategy, the Agency will increase efforts to ensure that oil and
gas wastes are treated, stored, and disposed of in a manner that protects human
health and the environment. Assistance to states in the development of solid
waste management plans and in implementing the recently promulgated municipal
solid waste landfill criteria will continue, as will the production of non-
hazardous waste guidelines. EPA will continue to pursue the authorization of
Indian Tribes and will provide assistance to states and Regions in working with
Indian Tribes on non-hazardous waste issues.
Information management activities will focus on data collection,
validation, and integration in support of the Agency's efforts to develop
environmental indicators of program performance.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $66,039,300 and 269.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $21,555,600 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $44,483,700 is from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
The Agency is continuing to develop and promulgate major regulations
required by HSWA. A regulation revising hazardous waste facility location
standards will be proposed. The Agency will address the growing national concern
over waste combustion by providing technical guidance for burning hazardous waste
in boilers and industrial furnaces, and issuing mixed waste combustion guidance.
Phase I land disposal restriction for newly identified wastes will be promulgated
and Phase II land disposal restrictions for newly identified wastes will be
proposed. The Agency will also be completing a comprehensive regulatory impact
analyses for the corrective action rulemaking.
The Agency serves as a source for non-hazardous waste management
information, options, and guidelines. Activities include developing and
disseminating technical and general guidance to assist states, local governments,
and citizens in implementing recycling and source reduction programs. The Agency
is developing large volume waste management strategies and programs. In
addition, the Agency will produce a Report to Congress on medical waste,
completing one of the requirements contained in the Medical Waste Tracking Act.
The Agency continues to process HSWA authorization packages, and develop
and disseminate to Regional and state permit writers technical guidance on new
regulations and program management policies. These materials include
procurement, corrective action, and mixed waste guidelines, and a permit policy
compendium.
Congressional Directives. No Congressional directives were received for
this year.
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1991 Accomplishments
In 1991 the Agency obligated a total of $61,090,200 supported by 258.0
total workyears for this program, of which $19,944,800 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $41,145,400 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The Agency addressed important HSWA and non-HSWA regulatory revisions.
Listing determinations for wood preserving wastes and refining primary treatment
sludge were promulgated, amending the universe of wastes regulated under Subtitle
C, and regulatory determinations were made on large volume wastes from mineral
processing. The Agency promulgated a rule to regulate the burning of hazardous
waste in boilers and industrial furnaces, and regulations to list primary
treatment sludge from petroleum refinement processes and wastes from the wood
preserving and surface protection industries. Program management accomplishments
include development of the National Corrective Action System and the RCRA
facility stabilization strategy.
The Agency continued to develop a nationwide program for the safe
management of non-hazardous wastes. This includes promulgation of revised
Subtitle D criteria and continued development of regulations for the
determination of state Subtitle D program adequacy. In support of pollution
prevention objectives, the Agency developed a waste minimization action plan and
provided assistance and information to government, industry, and consumers to
foster increased recycling and source reduction. In addition, The Agency
produced an interim Report to Congress on medical waste.
REGULATIONS. GUIDELINES. AND POLICIES - OFFICE OF AIR AND RADIATION
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,559,600 supported by 13.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $886,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,673,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $27,800 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, a decrease of $1,361,100 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and no change in total workyears from 1992.
In 1993 the program will continue to support the promulgation of
regulations for organic emissions from the seven types of hazardous waste
treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDFs). These types of sources
include: surface impoundments, landfills, wastewater treatment tanks, waste
piles, land treatment facilities, pretreatment facilities, and transfer
operations. Work will focus on holding workshops to provide technical support
for states and EFA Regional Offices in implementing these TSDF regulations. Some
sources will require additional regulations to.control emissions of specific
toxic constituents that will not be covered by the rule promulgated in 1992. The
development of these regulations will continue in 1993.
1992 Program
In 1992 the Agency is allocating a total of $3,829,900 supported by 13.0
total workyears to this program, of which $858,500 is from the Salaries and
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Expenses appropriation and $3,034,400 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1992 work will focus on promulgating the second phase of standards for
the other sources at TSDFs. Effort will also begin on developing workshops to
provide technical support for states and EPA Regional Offices in implementing
these TSDF regulations. Additional work on developing regulations to protect
public health for individual hazardous air pollutants from TSDFs will continue
in 1992. Resources will be provided for data collection to develop these
regulations for these toxic pollutants.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991 the Agency obligated a total of $3,901,200 supported by 10.4 total
workyears, of which $630,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses .appropriation and
$3,270,300 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1991 work focused on the development of standards for the seven types
of TSDF area sources listed above. These sources have been estimated to emit 2.0
million tons per year of VOCs and toxic air pollutants. Toxic emissions from
TSDFs have been associated with up to 140 cancer deaths per year. Standards have
been promulgated for equipment leaks at these facilities. Workshops to provide
technical support for states and EPA Regional Offices in implementing the TSDF
regulations promulgated in 1990 were held in eight cities in 1991. Proposed
standards for all other sources were published in 1991. Additional work on
developing regulations for individual hazardous air pollutants from TSDFs
continued in 1991.
REGULATIONS. GUIDELINES. AND POLICIES -- WATER
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $543,800 and 10.0 total workyears for this
program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
reflects a decrease of $513,700 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
10.3 total workyears. In accordance with the April 1991 Office of Water
reorganization, these resources are transferred into the Engineering and Analysis
program.
With promulgation of the new Land Ban regulations in 1993, the Regions will
begin reviewing petitions for the continued injection of mining and mineral
processing wastes which are losing Bevill-exempt status, as well as those wastes
classified as hazardous under the Toxic Characteristic Leaching Procedure. An
increased number of modifications for facilities with previously approved
petitions will also be processed. Defense of litigation challenging prior
petition approvals or denials will be an ongoing activity.
The Regions will continue to provide oversight to primacy states in the
issuance of Class I well permits to ensure that requirements are fully complied
with, and Regions will process permits in direct implementation states.
Implementation of the corrective action program, which documents the occurrence
of a previous or continuing release and implements a clean-up plan, will
continue.
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1,992 Program
In 1992, Che Agency is allocating- $1,057,500 supported by 20.3 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
Facilities disposing of untreated hazardous waste into injection wells must
demonstrate "no migration" from the injection zone for as long as the waste
remains hazardous. The affected Regions continue to review new no-migration
petitions submitted by deep well operators for exemptions from Land Ban
prohibitions for hazardous waste disposal. Petitions are now being reviewed from
facilities injecting characteristic wastes which consist chiefly of acids,
corrosives, and toxic metals. In direct implementation states, the Regions
continue to review permit applications for Class I injection wells.
Implementation of the corrective action program continues.
Development of effluent guidelines to control discharge of hazardous waste
to Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) continues. Rulemaking to support
machinery manufacturing and rebuilding and the centralized waste treatment
industry also continues.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated $5,682,700 and 35.6 total workyears for this
program, of which $1,789,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$3,892,800 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The Regions completed fiaal approval of an additional 10 no-migration
petitions in 1991, bringing the national total of approved petitions to 36.
During this same period, the Regions proposed an additional petition approval,
granted two case-by-case extensions, and continued review of at least 14
petitions. Regions VI has also completed action on seven petition revisions,
modifications or reissuances and has provided litigation support against five no-
migration petitions approvals. Region V has issued two regional guidances
relating to Class I wells.
The Agency continued to develop effluent limitations, guidelines, and
standards for controlling discharges of hazardous wastes to POTWs. The Agency
also continued development of regulations for the machinery manufacturing and
rebuilding industry and centralized waste treatment continued. EPA published
preliminary sampling and technology reports for use of POTW authorities and
permit writers prior to proposal of the regulations.
EPA conducted pretreatment audits and inspections of POTWs to ensure
implementation of Domestic Sewage Study requirements and evaluated new local
limits for controlling hazardous pollutants in discharges and sludge. EPA issued
draft guidance related to worker health and safety and Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) notification in order to support Domestic Sewage Study
regulations.
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REGULATIONS. GUIDELINES. AND POLICIES - - UNDERGROUND STORAGE
TANKS fUST)
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,275,9.00 supported by 66.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,110,100 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation arid $4,165,800 will be for the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $167,500 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a decrease of $922,000 in the Abatement
Control, and Compliance appropriation. The increase in Salaries and Expenses is
due to increased personnel costs. The decrease in the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance is the result of a one-time Congressional earmark in 1992 for a
cleanup project in Council Bluffs, Iowa.
In 1993, EPA will continue to focus on the three priority areas of the
program: state program approval, streamlining of corrective actions, and leak
detection compliance and enforcement.
The Agency will implement a national program by ensuring that states
continue to work toward meeting the conditions for state program approval. The
number of federally-approved state programs will increase as states complete the
legislative and regulatory changes required to meet the Federal objectives for
state program approval, and as they develop adequate enforcement authorities and
capacity. The Agency will assist in the development of state UST programs that
are not yet candidates for approval.
EPA will continue to work with states to streamline their corrective action
processes and to identify new technologies and approaches for corrective actions.
The Agency will continue its efforts to develop improved procedures for the
leak detection compliance and enforcement component of the program. Expedited
methods of enforcement and site inspection procedures will be emphasized. The
UST program will continue to provide technical program development assistance to
tribal governments and tribal tank owners/operators in the Western Regions.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $9,030,400 supported by 66.4
workyears, of which $3,942,600 is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $5,087,800 is from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
The Agency continues to support the priority program areas: streamlining
of corrective actions, state program approval, and leak detection compliance and
enforcement.
EPA is supporting development of new corrective action technologies and
working with states and local government agencies to streamline corrective action
processes. In conjunction with this effort, the Agency is continuing to work on
a number of different site investigation and field measurement techniques. One
example is Lab-in-a-Bag. a portable field screening system for volatile organic
contaminants, which was developed under the Federal Technology Transfer Act. EPA
is focusing efforts on techniques such as these because accurate and reliable
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information from field measurements can expedite decisions about the degree and
extent of contamination and speed up the corrective action process.
The Agency is developing management tools such as the State Program
Approval Handbook to facilitate state program approval and is working with states
to develop applications as part of this overall effort. In 1992, EPA expects
approximately fifteen states to submit draft applications for approval. In 1992
to date, an additional two state programs have been approved and EPA expects
this number to increase. Prior to 1992, four state applications had been
approved.
In the area of leak detection compliance and enforcement, Federal
assistance is being provided through grants and funding for regional projects
which focus on improving enforcement methods. The Agency continues to leverage
its resources by developing and promoting improved technical methods, with a
focus on improving site inspection and enforcement methods and procedures.
The program continues to support states as they develop financial
responsibility (FR) requirements that meet the Federal objectives. EPA is
assisting owners/operators in interpreting both technical and financial
responsibility regulations through guidance documents, brochures, and other
outreach activities.
Congressional Directives. A total of $1,000,000 is for the Congressionally
directed project for Council Bluff, Iowa.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated $7,394,100 supported by 60.1 workyears, of
which $3,488,000 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $3,906,100
was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
The Agency provided ongoing support to the states in an effort to improve
their performance in major areas of the program. These areas included
streamlining of corrective actions, state program approval, and leak detection
compliance and enforcement. States' needs were identified through analysis of
state processes using Total Quality Management (TQM) techniques.
EPA worked with states to streamline the administrative processes
associated with corrective actions. As a result, the Agency has seen significant
reductions in the time some states need to proceed from notification to closeout.
For example, in the case of Minnesota, the length of the process was reduced from
an average of 400 days to 80 days. Additionally, EPA worked with states to
identify and develop the use of innovative technologies for corrective actions.
Some examples include, air sparging, bioremediation, soil vapor surveying, and
vacuum extraction. Additionally, the Agency completed the Operations Manual for
Lab-in-a-Bag, took delivery of twenty-five units from the manufacturer, and began
developing plans for distributing the units to selected state UST programs.
The Agency worked with the states to assist them in building strong
programs, with a goal of approving those programs which meet the Federal
criteria. During 1991, six states submitted applications for program approval
to EPA. Through 1991, the Agency has approved a total of four state
Applications. EPA expects this number to increase in 1992 and 1993.
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EPA continued Co stress leak detection compliance and enforcement as a
program priority. The Agency developed capabilities within states to enforce UST
requirements. EPA assisted states when they were either unable or unwilling to
adequately enforce the regulations.
The Agency's enforcement strategy emphasized voluntary compliance and
promoted innovative techniques to achieve successful enforcement action when
required. A penalty policy was finalized in November 1990 to ensure consistent
application of penalties in federal enforcement cases. This policy takes into
account environmental impacts, willingness of the violator to comply, and the
economic benefit of non-compliance. EPA has also instituted a field citation
program to allow the Regions to quickly enforce against the more .common and
easily correctable violations. Field citations are similar to traffic citations
and can be issued by Federal inspectors in the field at the time they discover
the violation.
The Agency also assisted the states in developing communication tools such
as the File Transfer System - a computer technology used in transferring
documents from the Regions to Headquarters and States, and vice versa. Other
outreach products, such as training videos and print material, were developed,
produced, and distributed. Examples of training videos include "Straight Talk
on Leak Detection", an introductory overview for owners and operators of
underground storage tank systems on the leak detection methods available for
complying with UST regulations and "Searching for the Honest Tank: A Guide to
UST Facility Compliance Inspections", a guide for inspectors--but also useful to
owners and operators--which covers the major steps of UST inspections. Examples
of print material include "Straight Talk on Tanks", a summary for owners and
operators of leak detection methods for petroleum underground storage tank
systems; "Field Citation Training Manual" a training manral for inspectors on how
to develop and implement a field citation training program; and "Field Measures:
Dependable Data When You Need It", a guide for state regulators and field
personnel describing several commonly used field measurement techniques and how
to use them to make decisions.
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Financial Assistance
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 - BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 . 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Underground Storage
Tanks State Grants
Abatement Control and $9,063.1 $9,000.0 $9,000.0 $9,000.0 $9.000.0
Compliance
TOTAL $9,063.1 $9,000.0 $9,000.0 $9,000.0 $9,000.0
Hazardous Waste
Management Financial
Assistance To States
Abatement Control and $83,149.1 $90,292.0 $90,292.0 $90,274.7 $93,274.7 $3,000.0
Compliance
TOTAL $83,149.1 $90,292.0 $90,292.0 $90,274.7 $93,274.7 $3,000.0
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and $92,212.2 $99,292.0 $99,292.0 $99,274.7 $102,274.7 $3,000.0
Compliance
Financial Assistance TOTAL $92,212.2 $99,292.0 $99,292.0 .$99,274.7 $102,274.7 $3,000.0
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Financial Assistance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $102,274,700 for this program for the
Abatement, Control and. Compliance appropriation. This is an increase of
$3,000,000 from the level provided in 1992.
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO STATES
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $93,274,700 for this program, all of
which will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1993, the Agency will provide funding to assist the states in their
continued efforts to develop legislation and regulations necessary to
achieve equivalence with the Federal hazardous waste management program.
Most states will be authorized for the base RCRA program and will continue
to develop the capability to adopt corrective action and other provisions
of HSWA.
The Regions will continue working with states to address
environmentally significant facilities. Increased resources are provided
for states to process post-closure permits for land disposal facilities in
order to ensure monitoring and other post-closure requirements, and to
address potential contamination at these facilities. Resources are provided
for the Regions to work with states to maintain hazardous waste disposal and
incineration capacity by permitting environmentally sound new facilities.
The states will process modifications to operating permits, which will need
revisions due to changes in facility processes, facility expansions, and the
need to incorporate corrective action provisions as warranted. Resources
are also provided to perform stepped up levels of permit reviews,
modifications, and post-closure permits at facilities in the Gulf of Mexico
region. The states will continue to review and approve closure plans for
incinerators and storage and treatment facilities, and will process appeals
to permit decisions, as necessary.
In 1993, the states will place increased emphasis on conducting
intensified levels of compliance monitoring, taking enforcement actions and
requiring corrective action in high-risk areas of long standing Agency
concern. These areas include the Gulf of Mexico, the Chesapeake Bay, Puget
Sound and the Caribbean. The states will also continue to conduct enhanced
levels of enforcement and corrective action activities at facilities within
the Great Lakes Basin.
The program will continue to leverage its resources by targeting its
activities. In 1993, the Agency will emphasize identifying and taking
enforcement actions against those facilities with the greatest potential to
have concrete pollution prevention conditions included in settlement
agreements and those with the greatest multi-media impact. The program will
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also focus on identifying and taking enforcement actions against those
facilities in non-compliance with corrective action orders or permit
conditions.
Most facilities will have been assessed and prioritized for corrective
action. The states will continue to conduct .stabilization activities as
well as make final remedy selections for those facilities where
stabilization is not an appropriate response. The states will target -heir
corrective action resources such that those facilities that are the most
environmentally significant are addressed first.
Information management resources will continue to fund national
implementation of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Information System
(RCRIS), the hazardous waste data management system that will greatly expand
the states' and EPA's ability to input and retrieve information critical to
successful program management.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $90,274,700 for this
program, all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The states are proposing legislation and upgrading regulations to
achieve equivalence with the Federal hazardous waste management program, and
are applying to EPA for authorization to administer the program.
Permitting efforts have been directed toward environmentally
significant storage and treatment facilities, processing modifications to
existing permits, and incorporating pollution prevention conditions into
permits where appropriate.
The states are continuing to conduct a majority of the compliance
monitoring inspections, with emphasis on conducting inspections of new RCRA
handlers and facilities entering the regulated community as a result of new
rules and listings. The new rules and listings include the organic toxicity
characteristic and hazardous waste fuel rules, as well as the mixed waste,
and wood preserving listings. In addition, the states within the Great
Lakes Basin are conducting intensified levels of inspections and initiating
enforcement and corrective action as appropriate.
The Agency and the states are implementing an integrated enforcement/
pollution prevention program which includes: 1) conducting inspections of
targeted groups of generators; 2) initiating searches for facilities
operating illegally outside the RCRA system; and 3) integrating pollution
prevention conditions into enforcement settlements where appropriate.
The states are placing increased emphasis on completing facility
assessments and prioritizing facilities for corrective action. Long-term
corrective measures are continuing at facilities where they are already
imposed, but the program is continuing to focus on addressing those
facilities posing the most significant threat to human health and the
environment first. Where appropriate, facility stabilization is being
encouraged.
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1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a to.tal of $83,149,100 for this program,
all of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1991, states developed legislation and regulations to achieve
equivalence with the Federal hazardous waste management program. The states
and Regions worked jointly on processing permits for those HSWA provisions
for which states were not authorized, particularly corrective action.
The states emphasized compliance monitoring and enforcement activities
to ensure that adequate environmental safeguards covering the generation,
transportation and disposal of hazardous waste were enforced. To emphasize
the implementation of the land ban restrictions, states increased the number
of inspections and the level of oversight activity at small quantity
generators and other affected facilities. The states conducted facility
assessments to ensure that corrective action activities focused on those
facilities with the highest risk reduction potential. As releases were
identified, states ensured that owners/oflierators addressed contamination
through corrective action. '
As required, states conducted annual inspections of Federal, state and
local facilities as well as biennial inspections at all operating or closed
treatment, storage and land disposal facilities. Enforcement actions were
taken against handlers that presented the greatest threat to human health
and the environment. Together, the states and EPA conducted a total of
13,467 inspections and issued a total of 1,328 administrative orders.
UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS GRANTS
1993 Program Requests
The Agency requests a total of $9,000,000 for this program, all of
which will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
This represents no change from the 1992 level.
This request will provide states with a base of funding for core
program development activities. As states complete Che necessary
legislative and regulatory changes, they will apply for state program
approval. Ac the same time, these states, assisted by the Agency, will
build program capabilities to enable them to administer the entire Federal
program. States not yet ready to seek program approval will continue to
develop and update their legislative and regulatory standards, including
technical standards, leak detection, financial responsibility, and
corrective action requirements. Additionally, states will continue to work
on achieving compliance with tank closure, installation, leak detection, and
pressurized piping requirements.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a cotal of $9,000,000 all of which is from
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
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States continue to use these grant funds for core program development
with a focus on the development of an effective prevention program. Program
development work is focusing on notification requirements, new tank
installation and operations standards, leak detection, tank closure, and
corrective action. Emphasis will be placed on developing and implementing
State-specific legislation and regulations to ensure state programs meet the
Federal objectives.
To supplement Federal funds, states are developing independent funding
sources from tank fees, state taxes, and gasoline taxes. Other funding
mechanisms are still in the process of development. Independent funding is
essential to the success of state prevention programs as UST grant funds
provide only "seed money" of about $162,500 per state and $137,500 per
territory.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated $9,063,100 for this program, all of
which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
UST grant funds were used to stimulate development of state UST
programs. Most states have initiated legislative and regulatory changes
necessary for the state program to meet Federal objectives for state program
approval. Six states submitted application for program approval in 1991.
Through 1991, a total of four states have had applications approved.
Additionally, many States made significant strides in developing their
compliance and enforcement programs.
The Agency negotiated UST grants with all states and provided technical
assistance and guidance for implementation and enforcement.
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL. PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE . 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Waste
Management Regulatory
Strategies
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses $19,550.7 $22,251.8 $21,406.2 $21,243.3 $23,261.0 $2,017.7
Abatement Control and $14,056.9 $11,599.7 $11,599.7 $11,396.6 $14,493.9 $3,097.3
Compliance
TOTAL $33,607.6 $33,851.5 $33,005.9 $32,639.9 $37,754.9 $5,115.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $19,550.7 $22,251.8 $21,406.2 $21,243.3 $23,261.0 $2,017.7
Abatement Control and $14,056.9 $11,599.7 $11,599.7 $11,396.6 $14,493.9 $3,097.3
Compliance
Waste Management TOTAL $33,607.6 $33,851.5 $33,005.9 $32,639.9 $37,754.9 $5,115.0
Strategies
Implementation
PERMANENT WORICYEARS
Hazardous Waste 380.6 418.1 418.1 393.0 423.1 30.1
Management Regulatory
Strategies
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORICYEARS 380.6 418.1 418.1 393.0 423.1 30.1
TOTAL WORICYEARS
Hazardous Waste 403.6 418.1 418.1 418.8 423.1 4.3
Management Regulatory
Strategies
Implementation
TOTAL WORKYEARS 403.6 418.1 418.1 418.8 423.1 4.3
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Management' Strategies Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency request a total of $37,754,900 supported by 423.1 total
workyears for 1993, an increase of $5,115,000 from 1992. Of the request,
$23,261,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $14,493,900
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IMPLEMENTATION
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $37,754,900 and 423.1 total workyears for
this program, of which $23,261,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $14,493,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,017,700 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, $3,097,300 for Abatement, Control and Compliance, and 4.3
total workyears from 1992 levels. The increase in total workyears and Abatement,
Control and Compliance supports Agency efforts to address high risk geographic
areas, issues associated with oil and gas production, and municipal solid waste
recycling activities. The increase in Salaries and Expenses is attributable to
the new workyears and increased personnel costs.
The Regions will continue to encourage states to develop and maintain
strong hazardous waste management programs. This support from the Regions, along
with funding available to the states through the Hazardous Waste Management
Financial Assistance program, is designed to develop state capability to
effectively manage hazardous waste programs. Almost all states will be
authorized for the pre-HSWA program, and will be working toward authorization for
HSWA provisions such as corrective action.
The Regions will continue working with states to address facilities in a
manner consistent with implementation of the RCRA strategic management framework,
and its emphasis on addressing facilities in priority order based on risk
ranking. Resources are provided to continue increasing the emphasis on
processing post-closure permits (including corrective action provisions) for high
priority land disposal facilities. The Regions will also target permitting at the
most environmentally significant storage and treatment facilities. Resources are
provided for the Regions to work with states to maintain hazardous waste disposal
and incineration capacity by permitting environmentally sound new facilities.
The Regions will continue to process modifications to operating permits, which
will need revisions due to changes in facility processes, facility expansions,
and the need to incorporate corrective action provisions as warranted. Resources
are also provided to increase permitting activity (five year reviews,
modifications) for facilities in the Gulf of Mexico region. The Regions will
continue to review and approve closure plans for hazardous waste facilities and
will process appeals to permit decisions as necessary. Finally, in support of
an environmental action plan developed in support of the proposed North American
free Trade Agreement, resources are provided for training and technical
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assistance relating to oversight of manufacturing facilities near the Mexican
border.
The Regions will conduct municipal non-hazardous waste (Subtitle D)
activities. The Agency will assist states as they revise statutes and
regulations in accordance with the new national Subtitle D criteria, and will
review State program revision packages. The Regions will provide technical and
financial support to states and other eligible organizations, such as
municipalities and universities, that are interested in pursuing unique projects
that will support the recycling and source reduction goals of the Agency's Agenda
for Action. Large volume waste will be addressed through targeted cooperative
agreements with states with an emphasis on cleaning up watersheds contaminated
by mining wastes. Resources will fund assessments of state mining waste and oil
and gas production waste programs in order to develop nationally consistent
regulatory special waste programs.
Information management resources will fund implementation of the RCRA
Information System (RCRIS), the hazardous waste data management system that will
greatly expand EPA's and the states' ability to enter and retrieve information
critical to successful program management.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $32,639,900 and 418.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $21,243,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $11,396,600 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
Permitting efforts are focused on ensuring adequate post-closure care of
land disposal facility closure plans in 1992, as well as processing
environmentally significant storage and treatment facility permits. In
accordance with the recommendations of the RCRA Implementation Study, the Regions
and states will follow a strategic management framework which requires them to
rank and address their facilities in priority order, according to environmental
significance and potential benefits.
%
The Regions are working jointly with the states on all aspects of the
hazardous waste program. The Regions process those portions of permits for which
states are not yet authorized, and are providing technical oversight of state
work. The Regions are supporting the enhancement of state capability by
providing assistance with state regulatory and legislative development. This
provides a framework for ensuring national program consistency and will
ultimately allow states to run the hazardous waste program independently. The
Regions are working with states and other organizations, through technical and
.financial assistance, to implement the recommendations of the Agency's solid
waste Agenda for Action.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $33,607,600 supported by 403.6
total workyears for this program, of which $19,550,700 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $14,056,900 from the Abatement Control and Compliance
appropriation.
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In 1991, the Regions supported the states in the development of hazardous
waste management programs equivalent to the Federal program. With 47 states
authorized for the pre-HSWA program, the Agency- focused on oversight and
technical support activities. The Regions provided technical assistance to the
states as they developed legislation and regulations consistent with the
provisions of HSWA and with regulatory revisions to the Federal base program.
Other important efforts included increasing the processing of
environmentally-significant storage and treatment facility permits and increasing
emphasis on issuing permits to ensure adequate post-closure care of land disposal
facilities.
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Emergency Planning Community Right To Know
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE •
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Emergency Planning
Community Right To Know
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$2,300.1 $4,698.6 $4,522.1 $4,170.4 $4,874.5 $704.1
$4,181.5 $3,938.0 $3,938.0 $4,858.0 $5,458.0 $600.0
TOTAL $6,481.6 $8,636.6 $8,460.1 $9,028.4 $10,332.5 $1,304.1
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Emergency Planning
Community Right To
Know
$2,300.1 $4,698.6 $4,522.1 $4,170.4 $4,874.5 $704.1
$4,181.5 $3,938.0 $3,938.0 $4,858.0 $5,458.0 $600.0
TOTAL $6,481.6 $8,636.6 $8,460.1 $9,028.4 $10,332.5 $1,304.1
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Emergency Planning
Conmunity Right To Know
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
35.7
35.7
57.5
57.5
57.5
57.5
55.1
55.1
59.5
59.5
4.4
4.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Emergency Planning
Community Right To Know
TOTAL WORKYEARS
38.9
38.9
57.5
57.5
57.5
57.5
58.2
58.2
59.5
59.5
1.3
1.3
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Emergency Planning and Community Righc-to-Know Act
and Clean Air Act •- Accidental Release Provisions
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,332,500 supported by 59.5 total
workyears for 1993. Of the request, $4,874,500 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,458,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This reflects an increase of $ 704,000, in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $ 600,000 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation and one workyear from 1992.
1993 Program Request
In 1993, the Agency will continue to build state and local capabilities to
implement the emergency planning and community right-to-know programs, while
beginning to shift the program's attention to high risk geographic areas. The
Agency will focus on states and communities who have special needs for assistance
in implementing their emergency response programs, providing technical assistance
for emergency planning, hazards analysis, simulation exercises, emergency plan
review, information management and risk communication to State Emergency Response
Commissions (SERCs) and Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPCs).
In high risk geographic areas, the Agency will begin to develop approaches
for gauging the relative risk and vulnerability for chemical accidents. Using
such approaches, the program will assist states in targeting specific industries,
facilities and chemicals that pose substantial risk, particularly if clustered
geographically.
In 1993, the Agency will continue its aggressive enforcement of EPCRA/
CERCLA Section 103 reporting requirements. The Agency will continue to emphasize
enforcement actions that target facilities and industries which pose significant
risks to the environment. Enforcement actions pursuant to EPCRA/CERCLA Section
103 will be coordinated with other media enforcement efforts, where possible, in
order to achieve maximum use of resources.
Resources will also support international emergency preparedness and
prevention programs. There is an increasing need for international cooperation
to prevent chemical accidents and to prepare for quick and effective response in
case of an accident.
In 1993, working with international organizations, the Agency will
strengthen the capacity of the international community to prevent and confront
environmental disasters, with a particular emphasis on developing and Eastern
European countries. Activities will focus on implementing the OECD Guiding
Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response by: 1)
providing guidance to countries on the various aspects of chemical accident
prevention, preparedness and response; 2) providing technical assistance to
Eastern European and developing countries to help them build the technical and
.operational infrastructure required to implement the Guiding Principles; and 3)
(assisting countries in assessing their progress on preventing and responding to
5-46
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accidents.
The Agency will also assist UNEP in implementing APELL (Awareness and
Preparedness for Emergencies at Local Level) by providing technical assistance
to Eastern European and developing countries who are developing their own
chemical emergency preparedness and response programs. Activities will include:
developing guidance materials; conducting training courses; and providing
technical expertise in the areas of hazard analysis, emergency planning,
simulation exercises, information management, community right-to-know and
chemical accident prevention.
Additionally, the Agency will enhance its internal capacity to coordinate
U. S. efforts to assist in international environmental emergencies (such as the
Persian Gulf). In cooperation with other Federal agencies and international
organizations, EPA will develop our capability to support international
environmental response and to provide appropriate U. S. experts.
The emergency preparedness provisions of the Hazardous Materials
Transportation -Uniform Safety Act (HMTUSA) require the Agency to provide
technical assistance to states, local governments and Indian tribes in emergency
response training and planning for accidents involving transportation of
hazardous materials. The Department of Transportation is requesting $1,040,000
for the Agency in 1993 to carry out these activities.
EPA will continue to develop the Clean Air Act Accidental Release
provisions to meet Congressionally mandated deadlines and begin implementing the
program to reduce risks of chemical accidents. In 1993, the program will publish
the list of chemicals that could, upon accidental release, cause serious adverse
effects to human health or the environment. The list will define the universe
of facilities to be regulated under the provisions, determine a threshold
quantity for each substance, and establish a petition process for additions and
deletions to the list. Regulations requiring owners and operators of facilities
to develop risk management plans"* CRHPs) will also be finalized. The RMP will
consist of a hazard assessment, prevention program and an emergency response
program. It is estimated that within the year approximately 150,000 facilities
will have to register with EPA and begin developing their RMPs. We will continue
to encourage states to formally accept the prevention program and will provide
assistance in preparing SERCs and LEPCs to review, receive and use facility risk
management plans.
The Agency will also begin developing technical standards and guidance for
prevention, detection, and response to accidental releases of regulated
substances. The study of hydrofluoric acid will be completed and recommendations
on the reduction of hazards issued early in the fiscal year. The Agency will
also coordinate activities with the Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation
Board to ensure effective use of information gathered by the Board, provide
assistance to the Board in conducting accident investigations, and respond to its
requests for information and assistance.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,028,400 supported by 58.2
workyears, of which $4,170,400 is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $4,858,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
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In 1992, the agency is working with state and local governments to build
their capabilities to implement the Title III program. The program continues to
assist states and local communities by: 1) providing a modest amount of direct
funding to states and Indian Tribes to develop projects in the area of emergency
preparedness and community right-to-know. Results of these projects will serve
as a model for states and LEFCs in implementing Title III. 2) reviewing and
updating emergency planning guidance documents and training programs for state
and local groups; 3) providing technical assistance in the areas of hazards
analysis, emergency plan development, review, testing and updating; 4) refining
the CAMEO information management system to manage facility reporting information
by developing information for the CAMEO data base, upgrading the title III
consolidated list of hazardous substances, and maintaining Section 302 chemical
profiles data base; 5) enhancing partnerships with public and private sector
organizations to foster compliance with the reporting requirements and
involvement of the community; and 6) communicating to the public about the risks
associated with hazardous chemicals.
EPA is continuing to accelerate its investigation of violations of the
emergency release notification provisions, inventory reporting and Material
Safety Data Sheet submissions and expects to complete more administrative penalty
cases against violators of these requirements. In light of past experience, the
penalty policy and inspector training guidance will be examined to determine if
changes are required.
The Agency continues to evaluate chemicals against the criteria of the
extremely hazardous substances list and expects to issue a proposed rule on
flammables and explosives in 1992. The program continues to work on possible
additions to the EHS list based upon the physical hazards posed by a chemical and
long-term health effects from a short-term exposure.
In 1992, the Agency is beginning Co develop major regulations required
under the Clean Air Ace accidental release provisions. Two regulations are being
proposed, one establishes a list (with associated thresholds) of at least 100
substances that could cause death, injury or other serious adverse effects to
human health or the environment; the other requires owners and operators of
facilities to develop rinlt manng«>m»nt-!» plane fft pravftpt-jegLdant*l.-g*l«a*«*.—•Th»
Agency is also addressing growing national concern over the hazards associated
with hydrofluoric acid by conducting a study to include information on the
chemical's properties, manufacturing processes, industrial uses, transportation
and accidental releases. Recommendations will be developed for converting to an
alternative or for preventing accidental releases.
The Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board is expected to be
established in 1992. EPA is providing assistance in organizing, and developing
procedures and processes for Board start-up; and once formed, will establish
liaison and assist the Board in investigation of accidents. In addition, the
Agency is beginning to work with states to prepare them to administer the
accidental release program and provide technical assistance to State Emergency
Response Commissions (SERCs) and Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPCs) so
they tfill be able tc receive, review and use the risk management plans.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, The Agency obligated $6,481,600 supported by 38.9 workyears, of
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which $2,300,100 is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $4,181,500
is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1991, EPA implemented the emergency planning initiative it began in 1990
which provides direct funding to states and Indian Tribes to develop emergency
planning and community right-to-know projects. Twenty projects were funded in
such areas as technical assistance, training, hazards analysis, '.nfornation
management, outreach and enforcement. Results of the projects will be shared
with other states and LEPCs to assist them in implementing Title III.
The Agency developed a new guidance document for state and local emergency
officials designed to provide assistance on specific features of Title III
implementation, continued the technical assistance bulletin series and published
a chemical advisory on the hazards associated with ammonia. In the area of
information management, EPA distributed the CAMEO system to state and local
emergency planners to assist them in integrating the emergency planning and
information management aspects of Title III with needed emergency response
information. In addition, EPA in cooperation with NOAA, introduced an expanded
version of the system at a national conference for stare and local emergency
preparedness officials.
EPA continued aggressive enforcement efforts under EPCRA/CERCLA Section
103. The Regions issued 30 Administrative complaints with proposed penalties in
excess of $2.6 million. Additionally, the Regions successfully completed 17
administrative actions with final penalties of more than $600,000.
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Enforcement
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
HAZARDOUS WASTE
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Waste Enforcement 5-50
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Enforcement
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE »
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE •
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Waste
Enforcement
Salaries t Expenses $25.801.0 $31,464.8 $30,036.6 $30,018.2 $33,871.3 $3,853.1
Abatement Control and $29,721.8 $32,634.7 $33,840.6 $33,280.6 $38,353.6 $5.073.0
Compliance
TOTAL $55,522.8 $64,099.5 $63,877.2 $63,298.8 $72,224.9 $8.926.1
TOTAL:
Salaries I Expenses $25,801.0 $31,464.8 $30,036.6 $30,018.2 $33,871.3 $3,853.1
Abatement Control and $29,721.8 $32,634.7 $33,840.6 $33,280.6 $38,353.6 $5,073.0
Compliance
Hazardous Waste TOTAL $55.522.8 $64,099.5 $63,877.2 $63,298.8 $72,224.9 $8,926.1
Enforcement
PERMANENT UOKICTEAftS
Hazardous Wast* 493.0 594.0 594.0 567.1 604.0 36.9
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT UORCTEAftS 493.0 594.0 594.0 567.1 604.0 36.9
TOTAL UORKYEAM
Hazardous Waste 512.9 594.0 594.0 590.5 604.0 13.5
Enforcement
TOTAL UOP.KYEAK 512.9 594.0 594.0 590.5 604.0 13.5
5-50
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
"Hazardous Waste Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $72.224,900 supported by 604.0 total
workyears for 1993 of which $33,871.300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $38,353,600 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $3,853,100 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, $5,073,000 for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation, and 13.5 total workyears over 1992 levels.
HAZARDOUS WASTE ENFORCEMENT
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $72,224,900 supported by 604.0 total
workyears of which $33,871,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $38,353,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $3,853,100 for Salaries and
Expenses, $5,073,000 for Abatement, Control and Compliance, and 13.5 total
workyears over 1992 levels. The increase in dollars and total vorkyears will
support the increased effort associated with the expanding number of
imports/exports handlers, multi-media enforcement initiatives, as well as the
Agency's efforts to address high-risk geographic areas, including the Mexican^
Border region.
In 1993, the program will place increased emphasis on conducting
intensified levels of compliance monitoring, taking enforcement actions and
requiring corrective action in high-risk areas of long standing Agency concern.
These areas include the Gulf of Mexico, the Chesapeake Bay, Puget Sound and the
Caribbean. The Agency will also continue to conduct intensified levels of
enforcement and corrective action at facilities within the Great Lakes Basin.
The program will leverage its resources by targeting its compliance
monitoring and enforcement activities. In 1993, the Agency will emphasize
identifying and taking enforcement action against those facilities with the
greatest potential to have concrete pollution prevention conditions included in
settlement agreements as well as against those with the greatest multi-media
impact. The program will also focus on identifying and taking enforcement
actions against those facilities in non-compliance with corrective action orders,
permit conditions or closure requirements. The Agency will begin to develop
guidance to assist in the identification of facilities prior to a release so that
appropriate action can be taken to avoid or minimize the release.
All facilities, except the new universe facilities, will have been assessed
and prioritized for corrective action. The Agency will place increased emphasis
on conducting stabilization activities as well as making final remedy selections
for those facilities where stabilization is not an appropriate response. In
keeping with Agency policy, corrective action resources will focus on addressing
those facilities that are the most environmentally significant first.
5-51
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In 1993, the Agency will, in coordination wich Mexican officials, finalize
and implement the Integrated Border Plan. The program will provide increased
levels of training to Customs officials, develop a training video for US ar.d
Mexican Customs officials, and continue development of a joint Mexican/US
database for tracking waste movement across the border. The program will
continue to track and monitor the activities of the Interstate Oil and Gas
Compact Commission (IOCC).
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $63,298,800 supported by 590.5
total workyears, of which $30,018,200 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $33,280,600 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The Agency is completing the bulk of the facility assessments as well as
implementing the national corrective action prioritization criteria to ensure
that facilities that pose the greatest risks to the environment and human health
are addressed first. The Agency is also implementing its corrective action
stabilization strategy to ensure that facilities are addressed in a timely
manner. Long-tern corrective measures are continuing at facilities where they
have already been imposed, but the Agency's focus has shifted to ensure that
facilities posing the most significant threat are addressed first.
The Agency is inspecting new RCRA handlers resulting from new listings and
rules to ensure that a strong message is sent to potential violators that the new
regulations are being vigorously enforced. The new rules and listings include
the organic toxicity characteristic and hazardous waste fuel rules, as well as
the mixed waste, and wood preserving listings.
The Agency is implementing an integrated RCRA enforcement pollution
prevention prograa which includes conducting targeted inspections of generators
and initiating searches of facilities operating illegally outside the RCRA
system. Where possible, settlements of enforcement actions taken as a result of
violations discovered during generator and non-notifier inspections, as well as
other enforcement actions, will integrate pollution prevention conditions.
The prograa, in coordination with the Office of Water and the Office of
Enforcement, is conducting intensified levels of inspections and initiating
appropriate administrative and judicial enforcement at facilities within the
Great Lakes Basin. Corrective action, either through enforcement or permits, is
being imposed at the most environmentally significant facilities.
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Inspector Training
Institute is continuing to provide training to ensure a consistent inspection
prograa. New training modules being taught include the air emissions rule and
incinerator regulations.
Congressional Directives. A total of $1,200,000 is for Congressionally
directed Medical Waste Tracking grants.
5-52
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1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $55.522,800 supported by 512.
total workyears, of whieh $25,801,000 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriations, and $29,721,800 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
Consistent with the RCRA Implementation Study (RIS), the Agency developed
a facility stabilization strategy aimed at controlling or abating imminent
threats to human health and the environment from releases at RCRA facilities
while long-term remedies are pursued. The Agency continued to address
environmentally significant facilities through oversight of owner/operator
response actions. Continued emphasis was placed on conducting facility
assessments to ensure that corrective action activities focused on those
facilities that offer the greatest risk reduction potential. The Agency
developed national criteria for prioritization to ensure that the most
environmentally significant facilities are addressed first.
The Agency has placed increased emphasis on implementation of the land
disposal restrictions by increasing the number of inspections and oversight
activity of small quantity generators. The Agency developed inspection and
enforcement guidance policies for newly regulated waste such as those covered
under the organic toxicity characteristics rule and the hazardous waste fuel
rule, as well as mixed waste, and the wood preserving listings. Increased
emphasis was placed on inspecting hazardous waste exporters.
The RCRA Inspector Training Institute continued to provide training to
ensure a consistent inspection and enforcement program. The Agency continued toi
institutionalize enforcement and inspection training and workshops through the
use of interactive computer training and satellite-based training classes. A
study was initiated to determine whether the inspectors' role in pollution
prevention should be expanded to provide technical assistance to the regulated
community.
Compliance monitoring and enforcement actions were taken against handlers
that presented the greatest threat to human health and the environment. The
Agency ensured that inspections were conducted annually at all Federal, State and
Local facilities as well as biennially at all operating or closed treatment,
storage and land disposal facilities, as required by Agency policy. The states
and EPA conducted 13,059 inspections of commercial, Federal, state and local
facilities that generate, store, treat or dispose of hazardous waste.
Inspections of commercial land disposal and treatment facilities were conducted
twice a year to ensure compliance with the Superfund Off-Site Policy. Through
technical enforcement support and state program evaluations, the Agency ensured
that the states took appropriate enforcement actions. The implementation of the
revised RCRA Civil Penalty policy resulted in an increase in the total amount of.
penalties assessed. In the case of unauthorized states, the Agency initiated
enforcement action. Together, the states and EPA conducted a total of 13,467
inspections and issued a total of 1,328 administrative orders.
5-53
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S. PESTICIDES
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
19-93 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
PESTICIDES 6-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Pesticides Research 6-11
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Registration, Special Registration and Tolerances 6-22
Generic Chemical Review 6-26
Pesticides Program Implementation 6-31
Pesticides Program Implementation 6-32
Pesticides Program Implementation Grants 6-33
ENFORCEMENT
Pesticides Enforcement 6-36
Pesticides Enforcement 6-37
Pesticides Enforcement Grants 6-39
-------
ACTUAL
1991
PRES.
BUDGET
1992
PESTICIDES
ENACTED
1992
CURRENT • REQUEST
ESTIMATE 1993
1992
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1993 VS 1992
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
TOTAL, Pesticides
352,127.5 354,575.3 352,615.0 352,329.3 358,508.5 36,179.2
5*6.837.2 354,125.2 356,425.2 355,987.5 361.744.2 35,756.7
55,844.6 38,363.3 38,155.2 38,124.6 58,581.7 3457.1
3104,809.3 3117,063.8 5117,195.4 3116,441.4 3128,834.4 . 312.393.0
Reregistration and
Expedited Processing
515,371.6
515,305.5
-515,305.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
1,008.6
1,052.2
1,198.2
1,198.2
1,198.2
1,198.2
1,185.6
1,193.8
1.129.6
1,129.6
-56.0
-64.2
5100,201.7 5107,800.8 5111,386.1 3110,769.4 3126,846.2 316,076.8
Authorization for the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and
Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) Amendments of 1988 reauthorized this
program at a level of 595,000.0 for 1990 and 395,000.0 for 1991.
Authorization for FIFRA expired on September 30, 1991.
6-1
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PRES.
BUDGET ENACTED
1992 1992
PESTICIDES
DIFFERENCE
CURRENT -
ESTIMATE ENACTED VS ' EST. VS EST. VS
1992 PRES. BUD FRES. BUD ENACTED
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
TOTAL, Pesticides
$54,575.3 $52,615.0 $52,329.3 -$1,960.3 -$2,246.0 -$285.7
$54,125.2 $56,425.2 $55,987.5 $2,300.0 $1,862.3 -$437.7
$8,363.3 $8,155.2 $8,124.6 -$208.1 -$238.7 -$30.6
$117,063.8 $117,195.4 $116,441.4 $131.6 -$622.4 -$754.0
Reregistration and
Expedited Processing
$15.305.5
$15,305.5 $15,305.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
1,198.2
1.198.2
1,198,2
1,198.2
1,185.6
1,193.8
-12.6
-4.4
-12.6
-4.4
SALARIES AND EXPENSES
o The FY 1992 Current Estimate reflects increased workforce costs.
ABATEMENT. CONTROL AND COMPLIANCE
o The FY 1992 Current Estimate reflects Agency reprogrammings and Congressional Add-
ons of $800,00 for biological testing of pesticides; $1,250,000 for farm worker
safety grants; and $250,000 for pesticide registration.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
o In view of the Administrator's interest in Food Safety/Neurotoxicology, additional
funds have been made available to increase efforts in three major topic areas
identified by FCCSET: identification of susceptible populations, neurodegenerative
diseases, and in-vitro neurotoxicology.
6-2
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MEDIA BRIDGE TABLE
(dollars in thousands)
1992 CURRENT ESTIMATE:
Changes by Category:
Workforce Costs (+/-)
Legislative Initiatives (+/-)
Program Initiatives (+/-)
Discontinuation of Specific
Increases to FY 1992 Request (-)
Other(+/-)
1993 REQUEST:
S&E
$52,329
$6,180
$0
$0
$0
$0
PESTIC
AC&C
$55,988
$0
$2,000
$6,954
-$2,300
-$897
IDES
RAD
$8,125
$0
$0
$500
$0
-$43
TOTAL
$116,441
$6,180
$2,000
$7,454
-$2,300
-$940
$58,509 $61,744 $8,582 $128,834
6-3
-------
PESTICIDES
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
Pesticides can be both beneficial and harmful. Almost everyone uses or is
exposed to pesticide products. Pesticides can also be contributors to groundwater
pollution and agricultural runoff to surface water. At the same time, pesticide
products provide benefits to society, contributing to agricultural productivity
and controlling human diseases.
EPA's authority to regulate pesticides is set forth in two statutes. The
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) governs the licensing
or registration of pesticide products. Sections 408 and 409 of the Federal Food,
Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) regulate the level of pesticide residues in raw and
processed agricultural commodities and processed foods.
t,
FIFRA. Under FIFRA, all pesticides must be registered with EPA before they
may be sold or distributed in the United States. FIFRA requires EPA to i-se an
overall risk/benefit standard for pesticide registration. Pesticides must perform
their intended function when used according to label directions, without posing
unreasonable risks of adverse effects on human health or the environment. In
making pesticide registration decisions, EPA is required to take into account the
economic, social, and environmental costs and benefits of pesticide use. This is
a task of enormous scope and complexity. OPP regulates over 1,000 active
ingredients, included in approximately 25,000 registered products, which account
for about two billion pounds of pesticide active ingredient use each year.
Amendments to FIFRA in 1988 substantially strengthened EPA's pesticide
regulatory authority, principally in the following areas:
• The 1988 amendments accelerate the reregistration process for scientific
review and assessment of previously registered pesticides by requiring
completion of this task within nine years - by 1997.
• EPA is required to give accelerated review to applications for initial or
amended registration of products which are similar to pesticides already
registered with EPA.
• The 1988 law also authorizes the collection of fees which provide both staff
and contract resources to support reregistration activities.
• EPA's responsibilities and funding requirements were also substantially
changed for the storage and disposal of pesticides whose registrations have
been suspended and canceled. The law also places limitations on the
availability of funding to indemnify certain owners of suspended and
canceled pesticides.
FFDCA. Under the FFDCA, EPA sets tolerances, or maximum legal limits, for
pesticide residues on food commodities marketed in the U.S. Before a pesticide
can be registered under FIFRA for use on a food or feed crop, EPA must either
establish a tolerance or, if appropriate, grant an exemption from the tolerance
requirement.
6-4
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The Agency's 1993 budget request for the pesticide program includes the
following etements: 1) Registration, Special Registration and Tolerances,
including registration of new products arid control of pesticide residues in the
food chain, 2) Generic Chemical Review, including review and reregistration of
existing products, 3) Pesticide Program Implementation, including encouragement
of correct uses of pesticides, 4) Pesticides Enforcement, including the
enforcement of pesticide regulations, 5) Research and Development to support and
improve EPA's ability to evaluate the risks and benefits of pesticides, and 6)
consulting services.
The overall strategy for FY 1993 emphasizes: (1) providing resources to
carry out the pesticide reregistration program under FIFRA '88; (2) building
effective Regional and state capacity to tailor risk reduction and pollution
prevention programs to local needs for ground water, farmworker protection, and
endangered species; (3) minimizing risk by promoting the use of safer chemicals,
including biological chemicals, and responding to public concerns about the safety
of the Nation's food supply; (4) expanding international leadership to provide
greater coordination on pesticide issues to facilitate international trade in
agricultural products; and (5) enhancing enforcement to meet increased
requirements dn the areas of groundvater protection, reregistration, and
laboratory data integrity. The implementation of the strategy will focus
attention on accomplishing the goals and objectives outlined above, including the
implementation of environmental indicators to measure progress toward these goals.
1. Registration. Special Registration and Tolerances
FIFRA and FFDCA authorize EPA to set the terms and conditions of pesticide
registration, marketing, and use. Under the registration program, new pesticide
products are registered on the basis of data reviewed by Agency scientists, and
current registrations are amended to add new uses and/or new formulations.
Manufacturers are required to conduct a full range of health and environmental
testing before marketing their new products. This tasting uses sophisticated
methodology and techniques, enabling the Agency to more accurately determine the
potential for ground-water contamination, residues on food or feed, worker and
applicator exposure, environmental risks, and chronic and acute health hazards.
The registration program also includes special registration and tolerance-
setting activities. The special registration program continues to perform an
auxiliary function by permitting certain uses of unregistered pesticide for
experimental purposes and emergency pest situations. It also provides oversight
and guidance to state registration and experimental use permit functions. The
tolerance program establishes safe and enforceable maximum permissible residue
levels (or, in some instances, exemptions from tolerance requirements) for both
active and inert pesticide ingredients in or on raw agricultural commodities and
processed foods.
The 1993 budget request emphasizes (1) promoting safer pesticides, including
registering new chemicals and biologicals faster, (2) implementation of an
antimicrobial strategy to ensure the efficacy of registered disinfectants, and (3)
implementation of the Farm Bill requirements for a pesticide usage survey.
2. Generic Chemical Review (including Reregistration)
The registrations of the majority of existing pesticide chemicals are
6-5
-------
supported by data bases which the Agency has found insufficient by today's
scientific standards to support the required determination of "no unreasonable
. adverse effects." The Generic Chemical Review program is designed to remedy this
problem by requiring the upgrading of the scientific data base supporting
registrations, reviewing available data about each chemical, and formulating
scientifically based regulatory positions to guide the modification, cancellation,
or reregistration of existing products and the registration of new products. The
1988 FIFRA amendments contain provisions for a greatly accelerated five-phase
reregistration program, expedited processing of certain types of registration
applications, a new system for collecting and administering fees to cover partial
costs of the program, and significant revisions to the indemnification and
disposal program for pesticides suspended and canceled after enactment of the 1988
amendments. The fees mandated by these amendments are to be used to supplement
appropriated funds to carry out reregistration and expedited processing. In 1992
the maintenance fee caps were adjusted to allow the Agency to collect up to its
statutorily mandated level of $14,000,000.
The Generic Chemical Review program contributes "to the safety of the food
supply through the reregistration program and special reviews, in which pesticides
suspected of causing unreasonable adverse effects undergo intensive risk/benefit
analysis. This may result in changes to the terns and conditions of their use.
The Generic Chemical Review program also includes the disposal prograa, funds are
requested to ensure the continued safe storage of national 2,4,5-T/Silvex stocks
at the Texas Environmental Services (TES) facility in 1993.
Characterization of the stocks stored at TES is necessary due to the
different composition of these stocks as compared to those previously at Bycrs
Warehouse.
The resource request in 1993 for elements of the Food Safety initiative
supports the following:
o EPA will continue to give high priority to Implementation of the 1988 FIFRA
amendments.
o Other food safety activities to be emphasized in FY 1993 include the review
of inert ingredients used in pesticide products, special reviews deriving
from risk questions raised by the reregistration program, and international
coordination of pesticide issues.
3. Pesticides Program Implementation
In FY 1993 the Agency expects to see major field implementation activities
related to protection of ground water, endangered species, and farmworkers exposed
to pesticides. Critical components of these programs are coming to closure in
1991 and 1992 and will drive the Regional and state implementation needs in 1993.
The National Pesticide Survey indicates that about 150 pesticides are potential
leachers, and 46 have been found in ground water. In the U.S. , about 4.2 % of the
10.5 million rural domestic wells and 10.4 % of the 94,600 community wells contain
one or more pesticides. Approximately 2.3 million farmworkers, on the
approximately 850,000 farms in this country, are exposed to pesticides during
application. Resources provided in 1991 and 1992 will enable the Regions and
states to begin addressing these problems such as groundwater contamination and
farmworker protection. In so doing, the Agency will move away from the
6-6
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traditional Headquarters command and control approach to a much more
geographically, targeted and sophisticated approach in which risk management
decisions are made closer to- the source.
Under this program, EPA is continuing to promote the correct uses of
pesticides. To achieve this goal, EPA has cooperative agreements with State Lead
Agencies to certify applicators to use Restricted Use Pesticides. EPA provides
grants to the states to support this activity. Certification grants help support
59 applicator certification programs in participating states and territories and
Federally administered programs in Colorado and Nebraska.
EPA also has an interagency agreement with the U.S. Department of Agriculture
to provide training to pesticide applicators by working through State Cooperative
Extension Services. Regional offices also provide technical assistance to states
on pesticide issues.
4. Pesticides Enforcement
The enforcement provisions of FIFRA are carried out primarily through the
cooperative efforts of the states and territories, under a program of
Federal-state cooperative enforcement agreements established with EPA.
Participating states and territories conduct use inspections, inspect
pesticide-producing establishments, maintain marketplace surveillance, and
inspect dealers and users of restricted-use pesticides. In most instances in
which violations are detected, the states and territories develop and prosecute
enforcement cases as appropriate. In limited numbers of cases, states and
territories may refer cases to EPA for action. The Agency encourages Che states
and territories to design and operate their enforcement programs so as to place
greatest emphasis upon compliance with the use provisions of FIFRA, thereby
producing the greatest environmental benefit. The Agency will continue to
support and manage these cooperative efforts in 1993.
The Agency conducts Federal pesticides compliance monitoring programs in
cases in which states or territories are unable or unwilling Co support
comprehensive compliance monitoring programs of their own. Federal programs in
such instances include use investigations, import and export surveillance, and
Che preparation and prosecution of enforcement cases. Other activities that are
exclusively Che responsibility of the Agency include providing technical and
compliance assistance to the states, the regulated community and Che public, and
operating an automated data system which maintains information on compliance
inspections, enforcement actions, and pesticide production.
In 1993, Regions will increase enforcemenC activities related Co groundwater
protection. Requirements of the accelerated reregistraCion program of Che 1988
Amendments to FIFRA will result in increased enforcemenC activity. Headquarters
will direct the OPTS laboratory data integrity program, which inspects private
testing laboratories to determine compliance with Good Laboratory Practices
regulations, audits in process and scientific accuracy of completed test studies.
5. Research and Development
The 1993 Office of Research and Development (ORD) requesC for pesticides
research and development will continue to support the Office of Pesticides
Programs (OPP) by performing research in the areas of test method development and
6-7
-------
validation; biomarkers, dosimetry and extrapolation; exposure monitoring;
environmental engineering and technology; ecology (both fate and transport and
risk assessment); and biotechnology. In addition, ORD will continue to provide
technical support to OPP in exposure assessment and monitoring procedures and
risk assessment methodologies for oncogenicity, mutagenicity and reproductive and
developmental toxicity. New research will be performed in the areas of
ecological risk, pollution prevention and biotechnology.
6. Consulting Services
Consulting services are utilized by the Agency to support the Scientific
Advisory Panel which, in accordance with section 25(d) of FIFRA, provides
comments, evaluations and recommendations on actions and regulations proposed by
the Agency. By using these services, which are funded from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, the Agency can ensure that its regulatory program
continues to be based on sound science.
6-8
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PESTICIDES
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
ACTUAL
1991
CURRENT INCREASE (+)
ESTIMATE ESTIMATE DECREASE (-)
1992 1993 1993 vs 1992
Special Review
Decisions 15
New Chemical and
Biochemical Microbial
Agent Reviews 483
Old Chemical Reviews... 3,278
/
Amended Registration
Reviews 7,834
New Use Reviews 217
Emergency Exemption
Reviews ..." 359
Experimental Use
Permit Reviews 297
24(c) State
Registration Reviews.. 363
Temporary Tolerance
Petition Reviews 46
Tolerance Petition
Reviews 300
Inert Ingredient
Reviews 15
Reregistration Eligibility
Document 13
330
300
250
400
475
150
475
15
16
430
3,443 3,443
4,139 4,139
300
250
400
475
150
475
15
38
+100
+22
6-9
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PESTICIDES
Current
Actual Estimate
1991 1992
Estimate
1993
Increases-
Decrease-
1993 vs.
1992
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
Producer Establishment
Use/Reentry and Experimental
Use Observations a/
Marketplace
Investigations a/
Import Inspections a/
State Applicator License
an** Record Inspections
State Dealer
Record Inspections
Federal Laboratory
Inspections
Test Study Audits
30,129
18,496
591
23,313
10,168
77
370
18 , 000
7,000
500
11,000
7,000
77
370
20,000
7,000
500
11 , 000
7,000
77
370
+ 2,000
* 1991 Actuals include some state-funded inspections.
6-10
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Research and
Development
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
PESTICIDES
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Pesticides Research 6-11
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Pesticides Research
Salaries & Expenses $6,033.8 $6,611.6 $6,363.9 $6,363.8 $7,183.8 $820.0
Research & Development $5,844.6 $8,363.3 $8,155.2 $8,124.6 $8,581.7 $457.1
TOTAL $11,878.4 $14,974.9 $14,519.1 $14,488.4 $15,765.5 $1,277.1
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $6,033.8 $6,611.6 $6,363.9 $6,363.8 $7,183.8 $820.0
Research & Development $5,844.6 $8,363.3 $8,155.2 $8,124.6 $8,581.7 $457.1
Pesticides Research TOTAL $11,878.4 $14,974.9 $14,519.1 $14,488.4 $15,765.5 $1,277.1
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Pesticides Research 101.5 111.0 111.0 110.6 110.9 3
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 101.5 111.0 111.0 110.6 110.9 3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Pesticides Research 110.7 111.0 111.0 110.6 110.9 3
TOTAL WORKYEARS 110.7 111.0 111.0 110.6 110.9 3
6-11
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PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
Principal Outputs
1993:o Evaluation of DNA Adducts as Biomarkers of Exposure in Pesticide
Applicators.
o Report on Cholinesterase Inhibition as a Valid Indicator of
Exposure.
o Report on the composting of pesticide residues.
o Report on bioregulation of pesticides in the environment.
o Detection methods for Bt toxin released from transgenic plants in
soil.
o Report on field validation of the 'Kenaga Nomogram' used in
estimation of exposure.
o Report on Geographic Methods to Assess Ground Water Vulnerability
to Pesticides.
o Report on Dermal Protocol Development: Typical Scenarios and
Anthropomorphic Measurements.
1992:o Report on the Interpretation of Immunotoxicity Testing in Terms of
Enhanced Risk of Disease.
o Report on the Genetic Analysis of Human Cells Exposed to
Genetically Engineered Baculovirus.
o Report on assessment of Pacific Coast fishes and pollution
monitoring.
o Report on validation of hazard assessment predictions of
environmental effects of pesticides in estuarine systems.
o Report on effects, persistence and distribution of Guthion in
littoral enclosures.
o Report on validation of hazard assessment predictions of
environmental effects of pesticides in estuarine systems.
o PIRANHA (Pesticides and Industrial chemical Risk Analysis and
Hazard Assessment tool kit: Version 3.
6-12
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o Report on the role of EPA in transgenic plant risk assessment
research.
o Report to evaluate survival and re-entrainment of bacteria
colonizing leaf surfaces.
o Development and field calibration of microcosm protocols to assess
the survival and ecological effects of introduced microorganisms.
o Protocol Concepts for Dermal Exposure Assessment.
1991:o Report on dermal absorption of pesticides: Effects of
age, dose, and analytical methods.
o Report on biomarkers and dosimetry research activity for exposure
monitoring.
o Review of ethylene bis dithio carbamates/ethylene thiourea
(EBDC/ETU) assessment.
o Cancer review of procymidone.
o Report on exposure of field applications of biological agents used
as agricultural pesticides.
o Development of neurobehavioral testing strategy for use in
Pesticide Guidelines.
o Role of estuarine sediments in the biodegradation of anthropogenic
chemicals.
o Guidance manual for selecting protective clothing for agricultural
pesticide operations.
o International Workshop on Research in Pesticide Treatment,
Disposal and Waste Minimization.
o Report on open burning of pesticide bags.
o Report on teratogenic responses in Menidia Beryllina embryos for
environmental assessment: estuarine, freshwater and hazardous
waste sites.
o Report on importance of uptake of two pesticides with different
absorptive properties.
6-13
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PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
BUDGET REQUEST
This is a restructured program element from those identified in the 1992
Budget Request. Resources are identified at the new program element level and
not at the program issue level.
1993 Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,765,500 supported by 110.9 workyears
for 1993, of which $7,183,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $8,581,700 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $820,000 in the Salaries and
Expeuses appropriation an increase of $457,100 for the Research and
Development appropriation and 0.3 total workyears from 1992.
1992 Budget
The Agency is allocating a total of $14,974,900 supported by 111.0 total
workyears for this program element, of which $6,611,600 is from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $8,363,300 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
1991 Budget
The Agency obligated a total of $11,878,400 supported by 110.7 total
workyears for this program element, of which $6,033,800 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $5,844,600 was from the Research and
Development appropriation.
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and the
Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act (FFDCA) require the regulation of
pesticide use and residues in food to avoid unreasonable adverse effects to
public health and the environment. The research program improves our
understanding of how pesticides interact with human activities and the
environment, to assure that their use minimizes damage from pests, while
maximizing the protection of health and the environment. Research includes:
o Developing and validating environmental and health test methods,
including methods for extrapolating from high to low doses between
mammalian species.
o Evaluating biological markers and testing them to determine their
potential use in exposure monitoring studies.
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o Performing ecological research including transport, fate and field
validation to allow comparison between laboratory studies and actual
field results.
o Studying the movement of pesticides through the environment in order to
determine the eventual disposition of pesticides in the environment.
o Conducting engineering research on worker-safety and disposal of
pesticides.
o Developing equipment and specialized monitoring protocols and procedures
for total human pesticide exposure monitoring to characterize sources
and routes of exposure.
o Evaluating the effects of microbial and biochemical pest'control agents
(MBPCAs) and products of biotechnology on humans and the environment.
o Determining the risk posed to ecosystems by environmental pollutants.
o Providing support to risk and exposure assessments by providing quality
assurance materials and reference compounds for pesticide residue
analyses.
RESEARCH ISSUES
The sections below describe research program issues by fiscal year.
TEST METHODS DEVELOPMENT
1993 Program Request
This research program will focus on the development of predictive models
for use in agency risk assessments. Major areas of concern continue to be
neurotoxic and reproductive toxicologic effects of pesticides. Research will
initiate studies in three new areas identified by the Federal Coordinating
Council on Science, Engineering and Technology (FCCSET) to support expanded
research in the neurotoxicology area: identification of susceptible
populations, neurodegenerative diseases, and in-vitro neurotoxicology. EPA's
program in this area has been recognized by the SAB and the Office of
Technology Assessment as being unique and a leader in the Federal government.
The outputs from this program will improve our knowledge base and will allow
more accurate and efficient screening of chemicals for neurological effects,
-particularly pesticides which may occur in foods. This research is conducted
in conjunction with toxic substances research activities.
1992 Program
Neurotoxicology research is addressing two major topics: determine the
significance of cholinesterase inhibition as an indicator of neurotoxicity,
.and of in-vitro neurotoxicity test methods.
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A major focus of the health research program is to develop methods for
early detection of adverse effects in reproductive and fetal developmental.
Researchers also are determining neurotoxicity effects from pesticides. Other
areas of research include assessing imraunotoxicity -of pesticides and genetic
effects caused by exposure to chemical mutagens.
In the ecological area, EPA is developing bioassay and other techniques
for use as standard testing and monitoring protocols used by Federal, state
and regional authorities to determine the effects of chemical pesticides on
marine organisms. Studies include refining testing parameters (e.g., life
cycle, teratogenic endpoints, physiological measurements) to predict toxicity
and to determine critical factors controlling chronic and acute testing
results.
1991 Accomplishments
The Agency prepared an overview of methods to evaluate the effects of
pesticides and other chemicals on birds.
EPA also issued a report describing a battery of sensitive immune
function tests in the rat for use in identifying, predicting and
characterizing the immunotoxic effects of pesticides. These methods were
included the Revised Immunotoxicitv Test Guidelines Subdivision M and F.
HEALTH
1993 Program Request
Researchers will develop indicators of biological dose and resulting
effects for application to studies of human population.
Agency scientists will conduct effects studies, revise test methods, and
evaluate the impacts of environmental influences on test method results. EPA
will devise methods to investigate chemical, toxicological and teratogenic
properties of pesticides. This research will provide standardized testing or
monitoring protocols and a variety of test organisms or bioindicators and life
stages against which pesticides may be tested to determine hazard and risk of
pesticide use. Methodologies may be applied on broad geographical areas.
1992 Program
Research is focused on animal models to assess health risks and
improving methodologies for extrapolating results of animal toxicity studies
into risk estimates. Areas of study include evaluation of interspecies
differences in dermal absorption of pesticides and examination of metabolic
differences between species that may contribute to adverse birth outcomes.
1991 Accomplishments
ORD completed a study on the pesticide bomoxymil, indicating that
developmental effects occurred in both rats and mice. EPA and the Department
of Labor completed a collaborative study on the dermal absorption a
disposition of pesticides. The results indicate that skin penetration is age
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and chemical dependent, the amount of a chemical absorbed cannot be
extrapolated from low to high doses, and the more lipid soluble the compound
is the greater the disparity between in-vivo and in-vitiro results, suggesting
the inability to extrapolate skin absorption from in-vitro experiments.
ECOLOGY: TRANSPORT/FATE FIELD VALIDATION
1993 Program Request
Understanding the hazards, pathways, exposure models and the fate of
pesticides is paramount to offering control and management solutions. EPA
will conduct lab and field studies to verify field versus laboratory findings
and to establish a basis for predicting pesticide impacts. Studies will
include determining which bioindicators best assess the condition of habitat;
determining the effects of pesticides on persistence and distribution of biota
in littoral sites; and studying, identifying, classifying and determining the
chemical impact on long-term survival of terrestrial wildlife.
Research will employ refinement and use of predictive models and
techniques to address transport, degradation, fate and residual problems of
pesticides, and determine what factors impair important environmental
processes and how pesticide insults are expressed in various habitats.
Groundwater investigations will focus on leaching and fate problems,
development and use of models that estimate exposure, and assessment models
for states to use in developing pest management strategies. They also will
identify the best recommended approaches and preventative measures to decrease
pesticide use and prevent contamination problems.
1992 Program
EPA is conducting field and laboratory studies to determine whether
laboratory-derived methodologies and results are valid and reflect
environmental responses under natural conditions. They are developing,
refining and using mathematical models to predict exposure concentrations, and
migration and fate of pesticides through soils. They also are developing
techniques, models and information on pesticide transport, degradation and
fate, and studying the potential for pesticides to contaminate groundwater and
to affect biological and physico-chemical processes. This work includes
providing assistance to pesticide users and to States to determine exposures
and to predict risk.
1991 Accomplishments
The Agency completed substantive field analyses of estuarine
contamination and subsequent toxicity to aquatic species resulting from
pesticide runoff for a particular field site. Researchers also developed a
database and model parameter analysis system for agricultural soils, "DBAPE",
to support water quality management.
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ENGINEERING
1993 Program Request
Agency engineers will evaluate surface sealants for concrete
mixing/loading pads and will treat small farmstead sites contaminated using
pesticides with physical, biological and chemical materials.
1992 Program
Researchers are developing an updated pesticide/herbicide treatability
database continuing evaluations of composting for unwanted/ unused pesticides
and the utility of such composting for farming, and pollution prevention in
sealants for concrete mixing/loading pads.
1991 Accomplishments
EPA completed a study of the environmental effects of open burning of
pesticides bags. The Office also released Version 2.0 of the Pesticide
Treatability Data-base software package.
EXPOSURE MONITORING
1993 Program Request
The Agency will conduct research to improve exposure monitoring and
exposure assessments of pesticides and toxic chemicals. This involves
performing dermal exposure, immunoassay, and field validation research,
support research into disposal engineering controls; and performing research
on the sustainable use of agroecosysterns, integrated pest management (IPM),
neurotoxicological and reproductive toxicology research.
Research will validate methods and protocols for dermal exposure and
microenvironmental exposures to pesticides in residential (non-occupational)
settings, particularly for infants and small children. A major product will
be a guidance document on how to conduct residential exposure studies that are
required for the reregistration of pesticides.
The new work also will include the development of immuno-based personal
exposure monitoring devices (PEM's) using antibodies as receptors and immuno-
based techniques to analyze pesticide residues. For field workers reentering
fields recently sprayed with highly toxic pesticides, this technology could
provide a means of signalling to the worker when exposure is too high.
1992 Program
Studies are underway to develop and evaluate methods to determine the
fate and transport of pesticides in the residential environment, the potential
levels of human exposure associated with their use and to detect residues. A
primary focus is on the validation methods for assessing exposure of infants
and small children to household pesticides, including lawn care pesticides,
both inside residences (via "track-in" to carpets and other indoor surfaces)
and in yards and gardens. Factors to be investigated include the transfer of
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chemicals from surfaces to skin, bioavailability of chemicals, and human
activity patterns.
The program includes field validations of cost-effective, rapid, and
pesticide-specific immunochemical methods such as immunoassays and
immunoaffinity personal exposure monitoring (PEM) devices for measuring
pesticide residues.
1991 Accomplishments
EPA Developed and evaluated in exposure chambers a prototype Person
Exposure Monitor (PEM) for the detection of pentachlorophenol for use in
determining the PEM contents for exposure assessment. Systems like this could
be used to alert field workers when environmental concentrations of pesticides
exceed safe reentry levels.
BIOTECHNOLOGY
1993 Program Request
The goal of this research is to develop a methodology that will allow
more rapid application of biotechnology to environmental problems while
protecting public health. This research program will focus on understanding
and interpreting the human health effects of inhaling microbial pest control
agents as well as effects on the immune system. Scientists will initiate
research to evaluate health risks from biotechnology applications and develop
predictive models for estimating risk. This research will continue to support
the interagency biotechnology component of FCCSET.
Methods to test the effects of exposure in birds, arthropods and non-
target mammals will be a major focus of the research program. A portion of
this research supports revision of Subpart "M" guidelines. New work includes
the developing of methods to evaluate plants containing pesticide genes and
the implementation of research strategies. Information on genetic stability,
survival, movement, and detection and monitoring of biological control agents
in organisms, agricultural systems, and the atmosphere will provide much
needed supplements to currently limited data on the potential environmental
effects of the wide-spread use of biological control agents. The research
will include the measurement of physiological endpoints in non-target wildlife
species. EPA will provide guidance on the environmental application of
specific microorganisms and genetic constructs for risk assessments. Agency
scientists will develop diagnostic methods for assessing ecosystem status
including stress predictors and strategies for enhancing bioremediation and
bioaugmentation as pollution prevention measures.
1992 Program
Designed to address the methodologies for risk assessment, the
biotechnology research program develops and/or improves bioassays for the
quantitative determination of potential effects of unaltered or genetically-
Altered microbial pest control agents on non-target organisms. The nature of
•hese studies is incremental in that successive experimentation builds upon
existing data. Parameters such as routes of exposure, detection methods,
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identification schemes, virulence, toxicity, infectivity and persistence may
bsi evaluated for each assay. The program includes complementary research to
more fully understand the survival and movement of these microorganisms in the
environment, the susceptibility of receptor organisms, and the modes of action
for adverse effects on receptors.
The health research program assesses the potential interaction of
microbial agents and mammalian cells. Other areas of research include
evaluating the potential health hazards of genetically-engineered organisms
and developing models to assess the potential dissemination of altered genetic
material.
1991 Accomplishments
EPA Compared and evaluated for efficiency various control measures for
containing biotechnology products applied in the field. Research on primary
and secondary effects of biotechnology products and screening methods for
quantitatively assessing the effects. Significant findings to the regulatory
program offices and at professional meetings were reported.
ECOLOGY: ECOTOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT
1993 Program Request
The Agency will incorporate uncertainty analysis methodology into the
ecological risk assessment support system. Species susceptibility research,
including sublethal effects analyses, will examine pesticide exposure effects
on birds, fishes, mollusks, and other important test animals. Exposure
monitoring and validation of pesticidal effects at the field level will test
current risk determination parameters and assess diverse environmental
indicators for appropriate incorporation into predictive modeling efforts.
1992 Program
The research focuses primarily on developing mathematical models,
support data bases, and appropriate protocols for exposure and hazard
assessment for ecosystems and their components. These scientific tools are
embedded in a computer-based decision support system that will permit
convenient access for completing ecological risk assessments was completed.
The program adapts known parameters describing release, transport, and trans-
formation of pesticidal chemicals to the needs of the dependent ecological
models. Also, the program characterizes pesticide exchange between individual
organisms and their environment for several model systems. Finally, the
research program develops credible descriptors for the consequences of
realized biotic effects on populations, communities and ecosystems that may be
used in risk assessment.
1991 Accomplishments
EPA completed an updated version of a computerized "tool kit" to assist
in the risk analysis and hazard assessment of pesticides. Scientists began
work on the evaluation of biomarkers for exposure, using muscarinic receptor
binding assays in avian species.
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SUPPORT
1993 Program Request
EPA will support the preparation of health risk assessments for cancer,
rautagenicity, and adverse reproductive and developmental effects and exposure
assessments. Additional efforts will provide for review of and/or
consultation on program office assessments.
Management of the Pesticide Repository will continue. The program will
produce and distribute pesticide standards to support traceability of
environmental analyses to eligible users. Finally, scientists will oversee
the production of standards where pesticide compounds will be obtained or
synthesized, checked for purity, distributed into appropriate ampules for
storage, and distributed as reference standards to approved laboratories.
1992 Program
EPA provides consultation and support for the preparation and review of
regulatory program office health risk assessments for cancer, mutagenicity,
adverse reproductive and developmental effects, and exposure assessments.
Quality assurance research supports management of the operation of the
Pesticide Repository which supplies pure pesticide compounds and metabolites
as reference standards to users to ensure traceability of environmental
analyses.
1991 Accomplishments
• The Agency conducted a variety of special and general support activities
for the Office of Pesticide Programs.
Major activities included consultation and review of ethylene bis dithio
carbamates/ethylene thiourea (EBDC/ETU) assessment and cancer review of
procymidone.
EPA signed a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement in January,
1991 with Ultra Scientific, Inc. for preparation and distribution of neat
organic calibration standards, including pesticides. The Office transferred a
thousand lots of more than 300 pesticides to Ultra, who presented seven new
pesticides and PCB congeners to EPA for approval. Seven retail firms have
distributed about 800 pesticide samples. The Supplementary Pesticides
Repository remains a separate contract effort.
I
EPA privatized EPA's reference materials program through five
Cooperative Research and Development Agreements with selected commercial firms
for wholesale to retailers of Organic Quality Control Samples, Organic
Calibration Standard Solutions, Neat Organic Standards, Inorganic Quality
Control .Samples and Standards, and Solid Matrix Quality Control Samples.
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Abatement and Control
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
PESTICIDES
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Registration, Special Registration and Tolerances 6-22
Generic Chemical Review 6-26
Pesticides Program Implementation 6-31
Pesticides Program Implementation 6-32
Pesticides Program Implementation Grants . . . . 6-33
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PESTICIDES
Registration, Special Registration & Tolerances
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Registration, Special
Registration, and
Tolerances
Salaries i Expenses $14,250.9 $15,120.2 $15,129.8 $15,129.8 $16,146.1 $1,016.3
Abatement Control and $2,988.0 $4,166.7 $6,466.7 $6,466.7 $5,466.7 -$1,000.0
Compliance
TOTAL $17,238.9 $19,286.9 $21,596.5 $21,596.5 $21,612.8 $16.3
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $14,250.9 $15,120.2 $15,129.8 $15,129.8 $16,146.1 $1,016.3
Abatement Control and $2,988.0 $4,166.7 $6,466.7 $6,466.7 $5,466.7 -$1,000.0
Compliance
Registration, Special TOTAL $17,238.9 $19,286.9 $21,596.5 $21,596.5 $21,612.8 $16.3
Registration &
Tolerances
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Registration, Special 254.9 254.9 254.9 253.7 258.9 5.2
Registration, and
Tolerances
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 254.9 254.9 254.9 253.7 258.9 5.2
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Registration, Special 263.6 254.9 254.9 253.7 258.9 5.2
Registration, and
Tolerances
TOTAL UORKYEARS 263.6 254.9 254.9 253.7 258.9 5.2
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PESTICIDES
Registration, Special Registration, and Tolerances
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $21,612,800 supported by 258.9 total
workyears for 1993, an increase of 5.2 workyears from 1992. Of the request,
$16,146,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $5,466,700
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
an increase of $1,016,300 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a
decrease of $1,000,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
REGISTRATION. SPECIAL REGISTRATION. AND TOLERANCES
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $21,612,800 supported by 258.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $16,146,100 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,466,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,016,300 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, a decrease of $1,000,000 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 5.2 total workyears.
The increase in Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects emphasis on food
safety and increased personnel and support costs. The decrease in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation reflects Congressional add-ons in FY 1992
that do not carry into FY 1993 and a shift in priorities by the Agency in FY
1993.
In 1993, the Agency expects to conduct 280 reviews of new cheaicals, 150
reviews of biochemical/microbial agents, 3,443 reviews of old chemicals, 4,139
amended registration reviews, 300 new use reviews, and 475 tolerance petition
reviews. The emphasis on approval of new chemicals and new uses will be
continued in 1993 to permit more rapid market entry of new, safer products.
The 1993 Budget Request emphasizes Pollution Prevention, Improving EPA's
Knowledge Base, and Food Safety. Activities include New Biologicals, the Faro
Bill, Multi-Residue Analytical Methods, and Antimicrobials (Disinfectants).
o Biological pesticides. Biological pesticides comprise the single fastest
growing segment of new pesticide registration activity. With increased
resources, the Agency will emphasize consideration of the regulatory
implications of biological pesticides, and where appropriate, speed the
experimental use and registration of these pesticides. These products
include natural and genetically engineered microbial pesticides,
biochemical pesticides and plants genetically engineered to produce
pesticides.
o Multi-Residue Analytical Chemistry Methods. In the routine monitoring of
the nations food supply, FDA and USDA rely almost exclusively on the
current residue methods. Developed years ago, these methods do not detect
many of the important pesticides registered in the past 10 years. The
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only acceptable methods for many of the newer pesticides are complex
single analytic methods that are seldom, if ever, run by enforcement
agencies. Because the" pesticide labs have the only direct "hands-on"
experience with the newer analytic methods, they are in the best position
to develop either improved single analyte methods or multi-residue
methods. The Agency will commence investigations of the development of
multi-residue methods.
o Farm Bill. With increased resources this initiative will implement the
survey requirements of the 1990 Farm Bill. The Farm Bill requires all
certified applicators of restricted use pesticides (RUP) to begin keeping
records of their pesticide usage. The bill also requires that USDA and
EPA survey these records to prepare an annual comprehensive report for
Congress on pesticide usage. The EPA will fund the non-agricultural
pesticide usage portion of the survey, conducting the first survey in FY
1993 and issuing the first report to Congress by the summer of 1993.
*
o Antimicrobials (Disinfectants). Resources will support further
implementation of the antimicrobial strategy. Among the objectives
identified in this strategy is the revision or update of efficacy test
methodology and performance standards to assure reproducible efficacy
tests. Efforts begun in FY 1992 will continue.
Regional liaison will continue to be improved by working closely with the
Regional pesticide experts and other Regional staff to improve Regional and state
understanding of national regulatory activities, and by obtaining their input on
policies and reviews affecting their mission. This liaison will improve
oversight of section 18 exemptions and section 5 experimental use permit reviews
and section 24(c) special local need programs.
To prevent circumvention of section 3 registration requirements, stringent
criteria for granting section 18 exemptions, such as consideration of progress
towards permanent registration and clarification of "emergency" and "significant
economic loss" as criteria used in considering emergency exemptions, will
continue to be applied. Headquarters will continue to work closely with the
Regions and states to monitor emergency exemptions and special local needs.
The Agency will continue to ensure that tolerances reflect the most current
regulatory status of each active ingredient, including revocation of tolerances
on canceled pesticides and tolerance reassessments in conjunction with
reregistration reviews. Tolerance fees will be increased by the percentage of
the General Schedule (GS) pay raise.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $21,596,500 supported by 253.7
total workyears for this program, of which $15,129,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,466,700 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1992, ongoing pre-market registration reviews of human and environmental
risks associated with the introduction or expanded use of pesticides in the
market place and the encouragement of safer pesticide substitutes, including
biological and biotechnology products, will continue. Resources for biological
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and new and safer chemicals have been reprogrammed from other areas to expedite
registration for promising new and safer chemical products. Registration review
continues to emphasis protection of grovindwater, farmworkers, and endangered
species, with an increased emphasis in food safety.
Special registration of pesticides, including experimental use, emergency
use, and state registration of pesticides continues. Headquarters will continue
providing guidance and enhancing regional and state participation with these
functions.
In 1992, the Agency will continue to ensure that tolerances reflect the most
current regulatory status of each active ingredient and through the testing of
analytical methods, ensuring that established tolerances can be adequately
enforced. Inerts of toxicological concern will be listed on pesticide product
labels and will undergo data call-ins. Tolerance fees will be increased by the
percentage of the General Schedule (GS) pay raise.
Congressional Directives. A total of $2,300,000 in 1992 was for the
Congressionally directed projects of biological testing, pesticide registration,
and farmworker protection grants.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $17,238,900 supported by 263.6
total workyears for this program, of which $14,250,900 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,988,00 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1991, registration reviews continued to emphasize new chemicals and new
uses to facilitate the' rapid availability of new, potentially safer chemicals
which may replace older, more hazardous ones still in use. Registration reviews
continued to emphasize protection of groundwater, farmworkers, and endangered
species.
In 1991, state participation in the Emergency Exemption, Experimental Use
Permit, and Special Local Needs programs were enhanced through EPA guidance and
close Federal/state cooperation. Continued special attention was given to
biochemical/microbial agents. The Agency revised the section 5 experimental use
permit regulations to provide sufficient oversight of the early testing of
genetically engineered and non-indigenous microbial pesticides.
Inerts of toxicological concern were listed on pesticide labels and
underwent data call-ins. Crop group tolerances were used where applicable to
reduce data requirements and efficiently deal with minor uses. Procedural and
substantive rules for tolerances (sections 408 and 409 of FFDCA) were reviewed.
Tolerance fees were increased by 4.1% to reflect the General Schedule (GS) pay
raise for civilian employees.
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PESTICIDES
Generic Chemical Review
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT -REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Generic Chemical Review
Salaries & Expenses $23,933.8 $23,097.9 $21,805.2 $21,805.2 $23,495.3 $1,690.1
Abatement Control and $11,440.1 $17,468.0 $17,468.0 $17,038.0 $22,272.0 $5,234.0
Compliance
Registration and $13,681.3 $13,512.0 -$13,512.0
Expedited Processing
TOTAL $49,055.2 $40,565.9 $39,273.2 $52,355.2 $45,767.3 -$6,587.9
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $23,933.8 $23,097.9 $21,805.2 $21,805.2 $23,495.3 $1,690.1
Abatement Control and $11,440.1 $17,468.0 $17,468.0 $17,038.0 $22,272.0 $5,234.0
Compliance
Registration and $13,681.3 $13,512.0 -$13,512.0
Expedited Processing
Generic Chemical TOTAL $49,055.2 $40,565.9 $39,273.2 $52,355.2 $45,767.3 -$6,587.9
Review
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Generic Chemical Review 479.2 615.3 615.3 613.3 561.3 -52.0
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 479.2 615.3 615.3 613.3 561.3 -52.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Generic Chemical Review 494.9 615.3 615.3 613.3 561.3 -52.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS 494.9 615.3 615.3 613.3 561.3 -52.0
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PESTICIDES
Generic Chemical Review'
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $45,767,300 and 561.3 total workyears for
1993, an increase of $6,924,100 and a total decrease of 52 workyears from 1992.
Of the request, $23,495,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
and $22,272,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation,
increases of $1,690,100 and $5,234,000, respectively.
GENERIC CHEMICAL REVIEW
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $45,767,300 and 561.3 total workyears for
this program,/ of which $23,495,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and $22,272,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. Total workyears will include 335.3 from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 226.0 will be supported by the Re registration and Expedited
Revolving Fund. This represents an increase of $1,690,100 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $5,234,000 in the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation, and a decrease of 52 workyears. The increase in
Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs. The
increase in Abatement, Control, and Compliance supports the food safety
initiative. The decrease in the workyears reflects the revised reregistration
recosting and a transfer of workyears into the pesticides enforcement program.
The Agency is emphasizing food safety in the 1993 budget request for Generic
Chemical Review. The reregistration process is an important component of the
food safety initiative. Resources requested, and additional resources provided
by the FIFRA revolving fund, will support completion of final call-ins for
additional required data. Resources will also support 38 reregistration
eligibility decisions (REDs), including final data and a decision on the
reregistration of the pesticide. As data gathered through the reregistration
process is reviewed, the Agency expects some pesticides will continue to meet the
triggers for special reviews. The projected number of special review outputs for
FY 1993 is 8.
Additional resources of $2,000,000 are requested for reregistration
activities. This amount, with increased revenues from maintenance fees, will
keep the reregistration of chemicals on schedule. Fund supported workyears in
FY 1993 are 226.
Other efforts in FY 1993 include activities in:
o Inert ingredients. With increased resources, the Agency is proposing to
evaluate List 3 inerts (approximately 2,000 inerts of unknown toxicity) in
accordance with OPTS's Inerts Strategy.
o Disposal. In addition to the food safety increases, additional resources
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are being requested in 1993 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. The request of $3,000,000 is requested for storage of 2,4,5-
T/Silvex stocks. The Agency's responsibility to bear the costs of storage
and disposal of canceled and suspended pesticides will continue in 1993 for
chemicals which were suspended and canceled prior to the 1988 FIFRA
Amendments. These funds are needed to ensure the continued safe storage of
national 2,4,5-T/Silyex stocks at the Texas Environmental Services facility
(TES). These are known costs for which funds are not available from other
sources. Characterization of the 2,4,5-T/Silvex stocks stored at TES will
be necessary due to the different composition of these stocks as compared
to those previously at Byers Warehouse.
In addition, the five pollution prevention projects begun in 1991 as part
of the Agency-wide pollution prevention program will be reevaluated for progress.
These projects or similar ones will continue in FY 1993.
1992 Program
The Agency requests a total of $38,843,200 and 613.3 total workyears for
this program/ of which $21,805,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and $17,038,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. Total workyears will include 343.3 from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 270 will be FIFRA Fund supported.
The Agency reprogrammed 20 total workyears in Salaries and Expenses and
requested 80 increased total workyears through the FIFRA Fund in an effort to
continue to adhere as closely as possible to the statutory deadlines prescribed
by the 1988 FIFRA Amendments. Further, the Agency will carry out its Phase IV
responsibilities and its Phase V responsibilities.
In 1992, the Agency will begin making reregistration decisions on List B
documents. The Agency expects that sixteen Reregistration Eligibility Documents
(REDs) will be completed as work pertaining to the 1988 FIFRA Amendments
continues. Eight Special Reviews are projected for 1992. Special Reviews are
a major risk reduction vehicle and will be increasingly required as data is
reviewed during the reregistration process.
Pesticide disposal funds are being utilized for disposal of national dinoseb
stocks and the storage of 2,4,5-T/Silvex. Disposal of most remaining dinoseb
stocks will be completed in 1992. An incineration site has been authorized and
disposal of 2,4,5-T/Silvex products began in January, 1992.
1992 will be the first implementation year for the program's Four Year
Strategy. Program activities will focus on accomplishing the goals and
objectives outlined in the strategy, particularly reducing pesticide risks to
public health and the environment. This includes the implementation of
environmental indicators to measure progress towards these goals.
-The five pollution prevention projects begun in FY 1991 will continue into
FY 1992.
Phase II of the National Pesticide Survey (NPS) will be released to the
public simultaneously with transmittal to the FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panel
(SAP). Phase II of the NPS entails detailed investigation of possible
6-28
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associations between pesticides and nitrate detections in drinking water wells
and factors such as groundwater sensitivity, chemical use and well conditions.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of.$35,373,900 supported by 494.9
total workyears for this program, of which $23,933,800 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $11,440,100 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. Total workyears included 392.8 from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and 102.1 supported by the FIFRA Fund.
In 1991, a total of $4,500,000 was a Salaries and Expenses add-on to support
hiring of scientific personnel for the reregistration program. An appropriation
of $125,000 in Abatement, Control and Compliance supported a pilot program to
develop a pesticide herbicide identification and warning program in conjunction
with Michigan State University.
»
The Agency continued work pertaining to the 1988 FIFRA Amendments,
completing 13 REDs. Funds from both Salaries and Expenses appropriations and the
FIFRA Fund were utilized to accomplish these tasks. The major portion of the
reregistration fees were received by the end of 1991. EPA completed its Phase
IV review for List B chemicals, and began the process of making reregistration
decisions on some of the List 8 documents. Fifteen Special Reviews were
undertaken in 1991. Special Reviews are a major risk reduction vehicle, and
continue to be generated primarily from data reviewed during Che reregistration
process.
Previous appropriated pesticide disposal funds were utilized ^or disposal
of national dinoseb stocks and storage of 2,4,5-T/Silvex, which awaited the
permitting of an incinerator for 2,4,5-T/Silvex disposal and the award of
disposal contracts.
To prepare for the implementation of the Four Year Strategy, projects begun
in 1990 to evaluate new directions for environmental indicators were carried
forward into 1991. Additional projects to assess the feasibility of potential
environmental indicators were also conducted.
As part of an Agency-wide program, the pesticide program undertook five
pollution prevention projects in 1991. These were: (1) reduction of surface and
groundwater contamination and human health risks due to application of herbicides
in major corn-producing states; (2) addressing air pollution problems associated
with volatile organic compounds in a pesticides inerts strategy; (3) reliability
testing of a pesticide hazard index to reduce the risk of pesticides in the
Chesapeake Bay watershed; (4) development of a decision support system that will
help states and local governments protect groundwater from pesticides; and (5)
-developing information that would lead to a reduction in pesticide applications
through bioregulation.
The Regional/state capabilities initiative, begun in 1990 to address the
problems of groundwater protection, protecting endangered species from
pesticides, and promoting the safety of pesticide applicators and farmworkers,
continued in 1991. This initiative strengthened EPA's field presence providing
state and local solutions to area-specific problems.
6-29
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The National Pesticide Survey (NFS) was completed in 1990 and Phase I
findings were distributed to the Regions, States, and other interested parties
in 1991. Results of the NPS will be used to refine the Agency's Pesticide and
Ground Water Strategy and to evaluate further regulatory and state-specific
approaches to protect drinking water from pesticide pollution. Phase II of the
NPS will be released in early 1992.
6-30
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PESTICIDES
Pesticides Program Incrementation
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Pesticides Program
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses $2,044.2 $2,764.7 $2,703.5 $2,565.1 $3,413.2 $848.1
TOTAL $2,044.2 $2,764.7 $2,703.5 $2,565.1 $3,413.2 $848.1
Pesticides Program •
Implementation - Grants
Abatement Control and $14,680.8 $14,500.0 $14,500.0 $14,497.8 $15,778.9 $1,281.1
Compliance
TOTAL $14,680.8 $14,500.0 $14,500.0 $14,497.8 $15,778.9 $1,281.1
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $2,044.2 $2,764.7 $2,703.5 $2,565.1 $3,413.2 $848.1
Abatement Control and $14,680.8 $14,500.0 $14,500.0 $14,497.8 $15,778.9 $1,281.1
Compliance
Pesticides Program TOTAL $16,725.0 $17,264.7 $17,203.5 $17,062^9 $19,192.1 $2,129.2
Implementation
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Pesticides Program 36.8 53.2 53.2 50.7 59.2 8.5
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 36.8 53.2 53.2 50.7 59.2 8.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Pesticides Program 40.4 53.2 53.2 53.0 59.2 6.2
Implementation
TOTAL UORKYEARS 40.4 53.2 53.2 53.0 59.2 6.2
6-31
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PESTICIDES
Pesticides Program Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $19,192,100 supported by a total of 59.2
workyears for 1993, an increase of $2,129,200 in funds and 6.2 in workyears from
1992. Of the request, $3,413,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and $15,778,900 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation, representing an increase of $848,100 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and an increase of $1,281,100 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance Appropriation from 1992.
PESTICIDES PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
«
1993 Program Request
I
The Agency requests a total of $3,413,200 supported by 59.2 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, an increase of $848,100 in the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation
and 6.2 in total workyears from 1992. The increase in Salaries and Expenses
appropriation reflects increased personnel and support costs.
In 1993, the Agency will continue to carry out the Regional/state
initiative begun in 1990 to address concerns about pesticide threats to
groundwater, endangered species, and farmworkers occupationally exposed to
pesticides. The Agency will also continue to build Regional/state capabilities
in the areas of groundwater, farmworker protection, and endangered species, as
well as continue to provide national leadership and coordination of this
initiative. EPA will develop guidance packages and training and educational
materials, organize national meetings and workshops, and provide technical
assistance. In this area, EPA will also continue joint coordination with other
Federal agencies, especially the United States Department of Agriculture.
This initiative was expanded to include revisions to the Certification and
Training (C&T) Regulations (Part 171), which governs the sale of restricted use
pesticides to non-certified persons. Regional workyears are requested for
groundwater and farmworker protection. The Regional office staff will implement
the major groundwater initiatives underway in the Office of Pesticides Programs
(OPP) and elsewhere in EPA, including Worker Protection Standards, Ground Water
Strategy, the Ground Water Restricted Use Rule, the Endangered Species Protection
Program, and the Non-Point Source Management and Wellhead Protection plans.
These initiatives represent major regulatory and program changes. For the
Endangered Species Program, Regional offices will continue to implement the
geographically targeted program in high priority areas, manage program grants,
continue education and outreach, assist states in developing and implementing
state-initiated plans, and coordinate map review within the states. Headquarters
and Regional office staff will continue to develop and manage national training
programs for the certification & training, groundwater, endangered species and
farmworker protection programs in cooperation with the U.S. Department of
Agriculture/State Cooperative Extension Services (USDA/SCES).
6-32
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EPA and the USDA are jointly developing pesticide education programs to
protect groundwater, farmworkers and endangered species. Further, national and
joint workshops on certification and training are being organized by program
staff in cooperation with USDA/SCES.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,565,100 supported by 53.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
In 1992, the Agency is continuing to build on the initiative begun in 1990
to strengthen Regional/state capabilities to respond to increasing public
concerns about groundwater contamination by pesticides, protection of endangered
species from pesticides, and safety of farmworkers occupationally exposed to
pesticides. The Regional office staff continued to implement the major
groundwater initiatives begun in the Office of Pesticides Programs and elsewhere
in EPA, including the Ground Water Strategy, the Ground Water Restricted Use
Rule, and the Non-Point Source Management and Wellhead Protection Plans. For the
Endangered Species Program, Regional staff continued to implement the
geographically targeted program in high priority areas, management program
grants, continued education and outreach, assisted states in developing and
implementing state-initiated plans, and coordinate map review within the states.
Headquarters and Regional staff are continuing to manage the certification and
training program in cooperation with the USDA/SCES, and provide technical
assistance on pesticide issues.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $2,044,200 supported by 40.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
In 1991, Regional staff emphasized correcting deficiencies in state
pesticide management plans identified through Regional evaluations and
negotiations. Regional staff also continued to provide technical expertise on
specific issues relating to the use and application of pesticides. They also
began to work with the various officials in each state to lay the groundwork for
implementation of the Regional/state capability initiative in the areas of
protection of groundwater, farmworkers occupationally exposed to pesticides, and
endangered species.
Headquarters staff directed the development of training materials in the
areas of groundwater, endangered species, and farmworker safety.
PESTICIDES PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION GRANTS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,778,900 for this program, all of which
is for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. This represents an
increase of $1,281,100 from 1992.
6-33
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The increased resources will enable implementation of the pesticide program
in the states and on Indian tribal lands. States and Indian tribes are key in
working with the Regions and the public in addressing site-specific pesticides
issues. The increased resources in groundwater and farmworker protection will
also enable states to provide state grants for continued increases in these
areas.
States will continue to implement initiatives begun in 1990 to address
increasing concerns about the pesticide threat to groundwater, endangered
species, and farmworkers occupationally exposed to pesticides. In the groundwater
program, states will implement state groundwater management plans. States will
continue to implement an endangered species program targeted to high priority
geographical areas. The Agency anticipates commencing an enforceable Federal
program for Endangered Species. State endangered species protection plans may
supplement the national program to reflect local conditions and concerns. The
Worker Protection Plan includes the establishment of intervals for reentry to
fields treated with pesticides, protective clothing requirements, and label
warnings. For the farmworker protection program, states will conduct activities
to carry out the Worker Protection Standard. States will continue to carry out
the Certification and Training Program in cooperation with the Agriculture/State
Cooperative Extension Services (USDA/SCES).
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $14,497,800, all of which is
from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. These resources
support certification and training programs, as veil as programs initiated in
1991 to strengthen state capabilities to address problems in the protection of
groundwater.
The Agency continues to carry out cooperative agreements with state lead
agencies (SLAs) to certify applicators to use Restricted Use Pesticides (RUPs).
The Agency provides grants to states to support this activity. Under the
guidance of the Regions, states are implementing certain program improvements,
revising certification examinations to strengthen state capabilities to address
problems in groundwater, endangered species, chronic health effects, farmworkers
occupationally exposed to pesticides, and other topics. EPA established an
interagency agreement with the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) to
provide training to pesticide applicators by working through State Cooperative
Extension Services (SCES). Resources will be used for the development and
implementation of training programs for non-agricultural (e.g. structural, urban)
applicators. In FY 1992, states will continue to implement the Regional/state
capability initiative.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $14,680,800 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
EPA continued its interagency agreement with USDA to provide training to
pesticide applicators through an interagency agreement with USDA/SCES. Funds
provided through a cooperative agreement with USDA/SCES helps support the
applicator training programs.
6-34
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A number of Agency activities related to groundwater were commenced. The
Ground Water Strategy and the State Pesticide Ground Water Management Plan
Guidance were issued in FY 1991. The results of the National Pesticide Survey
were published in FY 1991. Also, in FY 1991, the-Ground Water Restricted Use
Rule was published, and issuance of the Maximum Contamination Levels (MCLs) for
pesticides was begun. In addition, the Agency-wide Task Force on Ground Water
completed its work.
In 1991, states continued to implement the second year of the
Regional/state capability initiative.
6-35
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Enforcement
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
PESTICIDES
ENFORCEMENT
Pesticides Enforcement 6-36
Pesticides Enforcement 6-37
Pesticides Enforcement Grants 6-39
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Enforcement
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT 'REQUEST INCREASE «•
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Pesticides Enforcement
Grants
Abatement Control and $15,728.7 $15,803.4 $15,803.4 $15,800.8 $15,974.1 $173.3
Compliance
TOTAL $15,728.7 $15,803.4 $15,803.4 $15,800.8 $15,974.1. $173.3
Pesticides Enforcement
FIFRA Funds
Salaries & Expenses $5,864.8 $6,980.9 $6,612.6 $6,465.4 $8,270.1 $1,804.7
Abatement Control and $1,999.6 $2,187.1 $2,187.1 $2,184.2 $2,252.5 $68.3
Compliance
Reregistration and $1,690.3 $1,793.5 -$1,793.5
Expedited Processing
TOTAL $9,554.7 $9,168.0 $8,799.7 $10,443.1 $10,522.6 $79.5
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $5,864.8 $6,980.9 $6,612.6 $6,465.4 $8,270.1 $1,804.7
Abatement Control and $17,728.3 $17,990.5 $17.990.5 $17,985.0 $18.226.6 $241.6
Compliance
Registration and $1,690.3 $1,793.5 -$1,793.5
Expedited Processing
Pesticides t'nforcement TOTAL $25,283.4 $24,971.4 $24,603.1 $26,243.9 $26,496.7 $252.8
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Pesticides Enforcement 136.2 163.8 163.8 157.3 139.3 -18.0
FIFRA Funds
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 136.2 163.8 163.8 157.3 139.3 -18.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Pesticides Enforcement 142.6 163.8 163.8 163.2 139.3 -23.9
FIFRA Funds
TOTAL WORKYEARS 142.6 163.8 163.8 163.2 139.3 -23.9
6-36
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PESTICIDES
Pesticides Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $26,496,700 supported by 139.3 total
workyears for 1993, an increase of $2,046,300 and a decrease of 23.9 total
workyears from 1992. Ten of these workyears will be redirected from the Office
of Pesticides Programs to support enforcement actions resulting from
reregistration efforts. An Agency decision not to support enforcement from the
Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund will result in a reduction
of an additional 25.5 workyears which were previously sustained by the Fund. Of
the request, $8,270,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$18,226,600 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation, an
increase of $1,804,700 in Salaries and Expenses and an increase of $241,600 in
the Abatement, Control, and Compliance Appropriation.
/
PESTICIDES ENFORCEMENT
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,522,600 supported by 139.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $8,270,100 will be for Che Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,252,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,804,700 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $68,300 in the Abatement,
Control, and Compliance appropriation, and a decrease of 23.9 workyears. The
increase in Salaries and Expenses and workyears reflects increased personnel and
support costs. The increase of $68,300 in Abatement, Control, and Compliance
supports scientific expertise and a change in focus to support Agency
initiatives.
In 1993, Headquarters will provide overall program guidance and management,
will assist in developing new and revised regulations, and develop compliance
monitoring strategies and enforcement response policies. Headquarters staff will
also provide guidance and general oversight of the Federal/state cooperative
enforcement agreement program, and technical and analytical support for Regional
activities. Headquarters will develop and refine compliance monitoring strategies
regarding the groundwater and farmworker protection programs, and products whose
uses change through reregistration. In 1993, enforcement response policies will
be amended to incorporate new violations and will be coordinated with other
enforcement offices. The increase of ten workyears in Headquarters is a transfer
of workyears that support enforcement of reregistration efforts and were
previously supported by the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving
Fund.
Tracking and enforcement of pesticide reregistration requirements will
continue. Monitoring of suspension/cancellation of pesticides and associated
disposal activities will be continued in response to the increased enforcement
requirements of the 1988 Amendments to FIFRA. Headquarters will conduct grant
6-37
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guidance and state liaison activities to assure that reregistration decisions are
enforced by states. The development of enforcement strategies for section 19
recalls and FIFRA section 6(g) will be carried out by Headquarters.
Headquarters will direct the OPPTS laboratory data integrity program, which
inspects private testing laboratories to determine compliance with Good
Laboratory Practices (GLP) regulations, audits in process and scientific accuracy
of completed test studies. In 1993, five existing Memoranda of Understanding
(MOUs) with foreign countries will continue to be implemented to assure continued
international GLP cooperation.
Regions will manage and oversee the state and Federal pesticide enforcement
cooperative agreement program. States and Indian Tribes not currently involved
with the cooperative agreement program will be encouraged to participate by the
Regions. The Regions will conduct inspections in states without cooperative
enforcement agreements. State inspector training will be coordinated through the
Regions to ensure that the statutes are properly enforced and cases are
legitimately developed. Technical and compliance assistance will be conducted
at the Regional level to disseminate the information to the regulated community,
the public, a/nd the states. In the laboratory data integrity program, three
Regions support Headquarters by conducting inspections to monitor compliance with
Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) regulations at laboratories engaged in testing
in response to FIFRA requirements. An increase of 1.0 workyear will allow the
regional program to increase the effort to develop compliance activities to
address pesticide contamination of groundwater. Activities will include
developing and refining specific enforcement strategies to address unique local
conditions and problems.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,649,600 supported by 163.2
total workyears for this program, of which $6,465,400 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,184,200 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. Of the total workyears, 28 are supported by the
Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund and 7.5 remain in Agency
reserve.
In 1992, the Agency is continuing to emphasize state participation in
pesticide compliance monitoring and enforcement activities through cooperative
enforcement agreements. There are 55 cooperative enforcement agreements with
states and territories and 16 additional agreements with Indian Tribes and tribal
organizations. Federal compliance monitoring activities continue in states
without cooperative agreements. Other Federal responsibilities include import
and export surveillance, technical and compliance assistance to the states and
the regulated community, and operation of a computer system maintaining pesticide
producer establishment and production records and other related enforcement data.
Tracking and enforcement of pesticide registration/reregistratlon will continue
to be a vital component of the Federal compliance program.
States will continue to develop plans for farmworker protection enforcement
strategies. They will prepare and finalize enforcement components of state
management plans for enforcement of pesticides in groundwater.
6-38
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1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $7,864,400 supported by 142.6
total workyears for this program, of which $5,864,800 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,999,600 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. Of the total workyears, 23.8 workyears were supported
by the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund.
A total of 55 cooperative enforcement agreements were in place with states
and territories, plus another eleven agreements with Indian Tribes and tribal
organizations. As part of the cooperative agreement program, the Agency
supplemented training for state inspectors, chemists and case development staff.
In 1991, Regions worked with states to implement groundwater and farmworker
protection enforcement activities.
PESTICIDES ENFORCEMENT GRANTS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,974,100 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
an increase of $173,300. This increase will enable that states to ensure
compliance with groundwater regulations.
The Agency will continue cooperative enforcement agreements with 55
participating states and territories, and 16 agreements with Indian Tribes and
tribal organizations. The cooperative enforcement agreement program continues
to be the primary means for ensuring public and environmental safety from
hazardous pesticides by enforcing the requirements of FIFRA.
State activities will include use and re-entry investigations, pesticide
producer establishment and marketplace inspections, applicator license and record
inspections, and dealer record inspections.
Implementation of enforcement of the pesticides in groundwater strategies
programs will be a priority for state pesticides enforcement. They will implement
multi-media enforcement activities under state management plans. States will also
continue developing farmworker protection strategies as well as enforcing
existing label re-entry requirements.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $15,800,800 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1992, the Agency is continuing 55 cooperative enforcement agreements
with states and territories, and 16 additional agreements with Indian Tribes and
tribal organizations. These agreements emphasize user compliance with label
directions for proper use and application, as well as manufacturer adherence to
product formulation requirements under FIFRA. Inspections also address
applicator licenses and records, producer establishments, marketplaces, and
pesticide dealers. The states are increasingly emphasizing use inspections in
6-39
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the expectation that use compliance produces the greatest overall environmental
benefit. States continue to implement farmworker protection enforcement
programs.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency, obligated a total of $15,728,700 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
States conducted inspections for compliance pesticides label use. In
addition, states also worked to develop implementation strategies for worker
protection activities and groundwater protection. Enforcement initiatives were
also undertaken in pesticide export violations, disinfectant efficacy testing and
sampling, and pilot lawn care use violations.
6-40
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7 RADIATION
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
RADIATION 7-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Radiation Research 7-9
Radiation Research 7-9
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Radiation Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 7-15
Radiation Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 7-16
Radiation Program Implementation 7-19
Radiation Program Implementation . 7-20
Radon Action Program Implementation .' 7-22
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment 7-24
Radon Action Program 7-25
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment 7-28
Radon Targeted State Assistance 7-29
-------
ACTUAL
1991
PRES.
BUDGET
1992
IA*.
ENACTED
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992 .
1993
INCREASE -
DECREASE -
1393 VS 1992
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
Reimbursements
TOTAL, Radiation
313,594.8 315.150.9 SI*.815.7 S15.044.0 316,722.5 31.573.6
S21.795.2 321,612.7 321,612.7 S21.360.1 320,770.7 -3539.4
32,683.7 32,863.6 32.32*.3 32,357.* 33,592.3 31,234.9
338,073.7 339,627.2 338.752.7 338.761.5 3*1.085.6 32.324.1
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
26*. 9
276.1
312.2
312.2
312.2
312.2
310.7
313.4
325.2
325.2
14.5
11.8
327.957.7 336.370.0 326.750.0 326,818.9 332,645.8 S5.826.3
The "Indoor Radon Abatement Act of 1988" authorizes 345 million
over 1989. 1990 and 1991. Authorization for the Indoor Radon
Abatement Act expired on September 30, 1991. All other
authorization except for Research and Development is by virtue of
the Appropriation Act. The Environmental Research, Development
and Demonstration Act expired September 30, 1981. Reauthonzation
is pending.
7-1
-------
RADIATION
DIFFERENCE
PRES. CURRENT
BUDGET- ENACTED ESTIMATE ENACTED VS EST. VS EST. VS
1992 1992 1992 PRES'. BUD' PRES. BUD ENACTED
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Salaries & Expenses S15.150.9 314,815.7 S15.044.0 -S335.2 -S106.9 S228.3
Abatement Control and S21.612.7 521,612.7 S21,360.1 -S252.6 -S252.6
Compliance
Research & Development S2.863.6 S2.324.3 52,357.4 -S539.3 -S506.2 533.1
I
TOTAL, Radiation 539,627.2 338,752.7 538,761.5 -3874.5 -3865.7 58.8
PERMANENT WORKYEARS 312.2 312.2 310.7 -1.5 -1.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS 312.2 312.2 313.4 1.2 1.2
SALARIES & EXPENSES
o General Agency Reduction
ABATEMENT, CONTROL & COMPLIANCE
o Redirection to Administrator's priorities
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
o Congressionally mandated add-ons for electromagnetic frequencies research.
o Congrassionally mandated coke-ovens reduction applied to radon research.
7-2
-------
MEDIA BRIDGE TABLE
(dollars in thousands)
1992 CURRENT ESTIMATE:
Changes by Category:
Workforce Costs (+/-)
Legislative Initiatives (+/-)
Program Initiatives (+/-)
Discontinuation of Specific
Increases to FY 1992 Request (-)
Other(+/-)
1993 REQUEST:
S&E
$15,044
$1,679
$0
$0
$0
$0
RADIATION
ACAC RAD
$21,360 $2,357
$0 $0
$0 $0
-$842 $0
$0 $0
$253 $1,235
TOTAL
$38,762
$1,679
$0
-$842
$0
$1.488
$16,723 $20,771
$3,592 $41,086
7-3
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RADIATION
•I. OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) program to protect the public
health and environment from adverse effects of radiation exposure is derived from
several statutes including: the Indoor Radon Abatement Act; the new Clean Air
Act Amendments of 1990; the Atomic Energy Act; the Public Health Service Act; the
Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act; the Marine Protection, Research, and
Sanctuaries Act; and the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act. These
Acts authorize a wide range of regulatory, assessment, assistance, and research
activities. The Agency also performs some oversight functions for programs with
enforcement authority vested in other agencies.
EPA's radiation program has four major objectives:
• Reduce adverse health effects and environmental impacts from
radiation exposure through a program of standards and guidelines.
• Assess and quantify existing and emerging radiation problems and
their potential impact.
• Respond to issues of serious public concern.
• Maintain the capability to respond to emergencies and co aid
development and testing of Federal, state, and local plans for
emergency response.
To accomplish these objectives, EPA assesses and regulates sources of
airborne radionuclides; evaluates and regulates radioactive waste disposal;
provides site assessments and radiochemical analyses of environmental samples;
operates the Radon Action Program; operates the Environmental Radiation Ambient
Monitoring System (ERAMS); develops protective action guides to provide guidance
to officials on preventive and remedial actions; and responds to radiological
emergencies. In 1993 the Office of Radiation Programs (ORP) will give priority
to the areas described below.
FY 1993 PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
Implement Existing Standards and New Requirements. EPA will emphasize
implementation of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. Under the new Act, EPA
will define a major source of airborne radionuclides, as well as individual
source categories, and evaluate the adequacy of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission
(NRC) program to achieve the goals of the Act. In 1993 the Agency will continue
implementation of the existing National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants (NESHAPs) for radionuclides and promulgate standards for the disposal
of high-level and low-level radioactive waste. In response to strong
recommendations by the Science Advisory Board, the Agency will review risk
assessment models used to determine radiation health risks.
In 1993 EPA will continue to work with states to encourage state radiation
7-4
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program development and to build state capacity to accept responsibilitv for
implementing the radionuclide NESHAPs. The Agency will facilitate delegation of
NESHAPs implementation through the following activities: providing technical
assistance; developing model state legislation; establishing training programs
for implementation at the EPA Regional and state levels; and providing technical
assistance to inspection teams. Headquarters offices will also continue to
assist Regional offices with the technical review of modification, construction,
waiver, and variance applications. In addition, EPA is investigating additional
source categories, such as rare earth processing and geothermal electrical
production.
Address Radon Exposure in Structures. In 1993 the Radon Action Program
will continue to assess the nation's radon problems in homes, schools,
workplaces, and other buildings. The Agency will also conduct a technical
assistance program to help states conduct surveys in schools and non-residential
day care centers. EPA will complete protocols for measuring radon in workplaces
and will provide quality assurance/quality control on sample analyses and provide
direct sample analysis, where necessary.
The EPA radon measurement proficiency program will continue to evaluate
organizations providing radon measurement services to consumers and will provide
the results of the evaluations to states and the public. The Agency also will
continue to operate the national radon information clearinghouse, maintain the
national radon database, provide national oversight to the targeted state
assistance program, and collect user fees for its proficiency and training
programs. In addition, the Agency will expand work with state and local
governments, building code organizations, and construction industry groups to
promote the adop^on of model building codes. The Agency will continue to offer
radon mitigation and prevention training through the regional radon training
centers, the new house evaluation program, and various workshops.
EPA will support a national media campaign to promote public action on
radon. The Agency will continue its work with the American Lung Association and
other national health, consumer, and local government organizations to educate
appropriate audiences about radon and promote public action at the community
level. In addition, the Agency will develop training and workshops for the
building, real estate, and banking communities to provide information on radon
health risks, potential liabilities, prevention and reduction methods, and costs.
Provide Technical Assistance for Federal Facility Clean-up. EPA will
provide coordination, oversight, and technical support among Regional and
headquarters offices to ensure that radioactively contaminated Federal facilities
are cleaned up to acceptable EPA risk levels consistent with the requirements of
the Federal facility agreements.
The program is composed of three primary elements: enhancement of regional
support for site specific problems that are addressed through the Federal
facility agreements; development of overall guidance and laboratory support that
are applicable to all Federal facility sites; and development of operational
controls for site characterization, sampling, handling, analysis, treatment, and
disposal of mixed wastes (combinations of radioactive waste and hazardous
phemicals). The latter is of particular concern for Department of Energy (DOE)
7-5
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sites because, many have substantial amounts of mixed wastes.
During 1993 the EPA will enhance regional oversight of clean-ups at Federal
facilities by providing technical support, information transfer, and guidance
specific to radiation clean-up procedures. The Agency will continue development
of risk based clean-up goals addressing the fundamental issue: "How clean is
clean?" for radioactively contaminated sites. The program will identify critical
technology problems associated with mixed waste clean-ups and test and evaluate
specific technologies that focus on the radioactive component.
EPA will begin development of a national "reference laboratory" for Agency-
wide mixed waste analysis and will establish mixed waste field sampling,
screening, handling, and shipping procedures. The Agency will identify,
evaluate, and modify, if necessary, generic EPA and DOE media-specific models to
predict contaminant transport and exposure pathways at prototypical sites. The
Agency will also evaluate, revise, and update radioanalytical procedures used by
EPA, other Federal agencies, states, and the private sector for analysis of soil
and water contamination. Finally, EPA will establish standardized Agency-wide
radioanalytical protocols and develop site audit procedures for radionuclides.
Conduct Research to Support the Radiation Program. To support EPA's Radon
Action Program, the Office of Research and Development (ORD) will demonstrate
radon mitigation techniques in existing homes, new construction, and schools.
This will include demonstration of cost-effective technologies for reducing
levels to less than two pico curies per liter (Pci/L) in houses built in various
types of soils. Based on test results, ORD will publish updated handbooks and
technical manuals that derail mitigation techniques for homeowners and builders.
The research program will place increased emphasis on meeting the
Congressional mandate to reduce indoor radon levels to levels comparable to those
found outdoors. EPA will initiate research on model radon mitigation techniques
to meet this ambient level and will focus on identifying low-cost alternatives,
particularly for the large number of American homeowners with radon levels from
1-10 Pci/L.
ORD will continue to provide monitoring and quality assurance support to
laboratories that measure radionuclide emissions. Under an interagency agreement
with DOE, ORD will also conduct off-site monitoring around nuclear test sites.
EPA support includes carrying out long-term hydrological monitoring, developing
a human surveillance investigation program, and maintaining a radiation data
base.
In 1993 ORD will focus research on developing a better understanding of the
health effects of electromagnetic radiation. The assessment program will follow
developments in laboratory and epidemiology carcinogenesis research,
concentrating on laboratory studies designed to determine the critical exposure
parameters related to adverse effects and on epidemiology results and associated
exposure measurements.
III. FEES
In 1993 EPA will collect fees for the radon contractor proficiency program,
7-6
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che radon measurement proficiency program, and the radon training program. The
final rules for collection of fees will be published in 1992. The Agency
estimates that fees collected for these programs will total about $2.0 million.
7-7
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RADIATION
CURRENT INCREASE (+)
ACTUAL ESTIMATE ESTIMATE DECREASE (-)
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES 1991 1992 1993 1993 VS 1992
Cumulative Outputs
FR Notices 0 1 2 +1
Proposals 0 2 0 -2
Proaulgations/Neg. Det .0 12+1
Simpson Amend, finding .0 1 0 -1
Key for Cumulative Outputs:
1992: 1 low-level waste standard proposed
1 high level waste standard proposed
Proposal for Elemental Phosporous
Final rule for Phosphogypsua
1 final Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act standard
promulgated
Finding on NRC Program
1993: 1 low level waste standard promulgated
1 high level waste standard promulgated
Final rule for Elemental Phosphorous
Final rule for NRC
7-8
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Research and
Development
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Pat
RADIATION
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Radiation Research 7-9
Radiation Research 7-9
-------
RADIATION
Radiation Research
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Radition Research
Salaries t Exp*m««
Research I Development
TOTAL
$1,185.1 $1,109.4 $1,079.5 $1,176.0 $1,523.6 $347.6
$2,603.7 $2,863.6 $2,324.3 $2,357.4 $3,592.3 $1,234.9
$3,868.8 $3,973.0 $3,403.8 $3,533.4 $5,115.9 $1,582.5
TOTAL:
Salarie* A Expanse*
Research t Development
Radiation Research
$1,185.1 $1,109.4 $1,079.5 $1.176.0 $1,523.6 $347.6
$2,683.7 $2,863.6 $3,863.6 $1,955.7 $3,592.3 $1,636.6
TOTAL $3,868.8 $3,973.0 $3,403.8 $3,533.4 $5,115.9 $1,582.5
PERMANENT yOKICYEM$
Radition Research
TOTAL PERMANENT UOftKYEAM
20.6
20.6
20.4
20.4
20.4
20.4
23.4
23.4
23.4
23.4
TOTAL UOKYEMK
Radition Research
TOTAL WOMCYEAM
20.7
20.7
20.4
20.4
20.4
20.4
23.4
23.4
23.4
23.4
7-9
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RADIATION
Radiation Research
Principal Outputs
1993 o Report on ambient impacts of active soil depressurization ground-
level exhaust systems used in radon mitigation.
o Report on the evaluation of radon permeability through concrete
slabs.
o Report on durability of radon mitigation systems applied to
existing houses.
o Annual report for calendar year 1992 on off-site surveillance
around the Nevada Test Site.
1992 o Report on radon reduction via natural ventilation.
o Fourth annual international symposium on radon and radon reduction
technology.
o Report on radon reduction measures demonstrated in attached
dwellings.
o Update of radon reduction technology, for existing houses,
technical guidance (First Volume).
o Annual report for calendar year 1991 on off-site surveillance
around the Nevada Test Site.
1991 o Annual report on laboratory radionuclide intercomparison studies.
o Third annual international symposium on radon and radon reduction
technology.
o Report on sub-slab depressurization for low-permeability fill
soil-design.
o Draft guidance manual on radon resistant new construction in
schools.
o Annual report for calendar year 1990 on off-site surveillance
around the Nevada Test Site.
7-10
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RADIATION
Radiation Research .
BUDGET REQUEST • •
This is a restructured program element from those identified in the 1992
Budget Request. Resources are identified at the new program element level and
not at the program issue level.
1993 Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,115,900 supported by 84.4 total
workyears for 1993, of which $1,523,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,592,300 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $347,600 in Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, $1,234,900 in Research and Development appropriation
and 61 workyears are reimbursable workyears. These increases will support
enhanced Radon research activities.
1992 Budget
The Agency is allocating a total of $3,533,400 supported by 84.4 total
workyears for this program element, of which $1,176,000 is from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation, $2,357,400 is from the Research and Development
appropriation and 61 workyears are reimbursable workyears.
1991 Budget
The Agency obligated a total of $3,868,800 supported by 71.5 total
workyears for this program element, of which $1,185,100 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation, $2,683,700 was from the Research and Development
appropriation and 50.8 workyears are reimbursable workyears.
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
Radiation research provides the Office of Radiation Programs (ORP) and
other EPA, Federal, Regional, State and local officials with the scientific
data, methods, assessments and mitigative techniques necessary to determine
and control public exposure to radon and other radioactive materials in the
environment. Scientists provide comprehensive radiological monitoring and
surveillance services to meet specific Department of Energy (DOE) requirements
for its nuclear testing programs, especially at the Nevada Test Site. This
research is conducted under a reimbursable arrangement with DOE. EPA also
conducts a radiochemical analytical quality assurance program which supports
Federal, State, and local laboratories making radioactivity measurements. EPA
conducts research on demonstrating and evaluating techniques to prevent and
mitigate exposure to radon gas in existing homes, new home construction, and
school buildings. The Agency has initiated a program investigating
electromagnetic radiation (EMR).
7-11
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RESEARCH ISSUES
The sections "below describe research program issues by each fiscal year.
OFF-SITE MONITORING PROGRAM
1993 Program Request
The Off-Site Monitoring program will provide the data needed by policy-
makers to make decisions regarding the control of public exposure to
radioactive materials resulting from nuclear testing activities. Monitoring
support for the United States Nuclear Weapons Testing program and DOE at the
Nevada Test Site and other test locations will be provided. This support
consists of a radiation safety monitoring program; operation of environmental
sampling networks; interaction with the general public to maintain public
confidence and support; laboratory analyses sufficient to immediately assess
the impact of an inadvertent release of radioactivity; determination of
radionuclide body burdens in off-site residents; veterinary investigation of
claims of alleged radiation injury; and the maintenance of all data in
computerized data bases.
This program also provides quality assurance for the Agency's programs
for monitoring radiation in the environment by providing a common source of
radionuclide standards and reference materials, and through laboratory
intercomparison studies conducted to assure data of known quality from
analysis of environmental samples such as milk, water, air, and food. This
research program provides quality assurance support to Regional,State, and
contractor laboratories for radiochemical analyses of environmental samples.
1992 Program
EPA is monitoring off-site areas for DOE at the Nevada Test Site and
other test locations and provide the data needed by policy-makers to make
decisions regarding the control of public exposure to radioactive materials.
This support consists of a radiation safety monitoring program, a long-term
hydrological monitoring program, a human surveillance investigation program,
and maintenance of the radiation data base. EPA is also providing technical
expertise and guidance to Regional, State, and contractor laboratories for
radiochemical analyses of environmental samples. EPA scientists conduct
inter-laboratory comparison studies to provide data on the precision and
accuracy of radioactivity measurements in milk, drinking water, and air.
1991 Accomplishments
The program provided support to the site characterization studies of
Yucca Mountain as a potential for the disposal of high level radioactive
waste. EPA published annual reports on the laboratory radionuclide
intercomparison studies and the off-site surveillance program.
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PROVIDE SUPPORT FOR THE RADON PROGRAM
1993 Program Request - •
Exposure to indoor radon gas poses a significant risk to public health.
Researchers will define radon entry processes and demonstrate existing and
innovative techniques which approach ambient levels in all structures. EPA
will modify the pilot and bench scale testing facilities to address other
physical parameters which influence radon entry including the feasibility of
de-coupling the house from the soil and the potential of radon barriers as
prevention options. Scientists will conduct the first full scale simulations
of the physical parameters affecting radon entry in research houses. This
fundamental understanding of radon entry mechanisms will enhance the Agency's
capability to evaluate mitigation approaches. The new home demonstration
program will compare the relative capability of standard sub-slab
depressurization systems and passive systems to reduce radon levels in new
structures to ambient levels. EPA will evaluate optional designs for radon
resistant new school construction and develop mitigation techniques for other
large buildings (child car facilities, office buildings, etc.). Mitigation
technical guidance documents will be updated.
1992 Program
Researchers are studying the processes influencing radon entry to
provide the scientific basis for developing new or improved (effective and
economical) radon reduction methods. Scientists are using the data on radon
entry to develop and demonstrate techniques which will cost effectively reduce
indoor air levels. This research supports the Agency's mandate under Indoor
Radon Abatement Act (IRAA) to reduce indoor radon levels to levels comparable
to those outdoors. Specific research includes: bench and pilot scale testing
to simulate the relative importance of aggregate and surrounding soil on the
radon entry process; demonstrations to define the ability of active soil
depressurization (ASD) systems to consistently achieve levels < 1 pCi/L in
homes, schools, and other structures; determining the durability and failure
rate of currently applied mitigation systems; evaluating innovative mitigation
systems designs; demonstrating ASO and Heating,Ventilation, and Air
Conditioning (HVAC) control systems as radon mitigation options for schools
and to assist the Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) in providing technical
assistance to Regional offices, States, and local school authorities; and
understanding the most significant factors that influence radon mitigation
costs. EPA's technology transfer program is producing updated technical
manuals and brochures for selective audiences.
1991 Accomplishments
Demonstrations of radon mitigation techniques were conducted in
existing homes, new home construction, and in schools. The Agency focused on
those structures that were "challenging to mitigate", including crawl space
sub-structures and alternative geologies (expansive soils, coarse dry lands).
Research has studied and identified ways to include sub-slab suction systems
in new buildings as well as potential maintenance problems and long-term
durability issues of existing mitigation systems. Researchers in the school
radon reduction program provided the first clear indication that residential
•nb-slab suction systems had applicability in some larger structures.
7-13
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Technical information was provided to community leaders and parriciparine
homeowners at-these demonstration sices.
ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELD RESEARCH
1993 Program Request
Scientists will conduct research to determine the mechanism of action
and the exposure conditions under which EMR may promote or induces the
development of cancer. Scientists will conduct more accurate exposure
assessments by quantifying the dose-response relationships and determining the
appropriate measure of health hazard from EMR. Research may also determine
the reproductive, developmental, and neurological effects associated with EMR
if warranted and recommended by the Science Advisory Board (SAB).
1992 Program
Research is focusing on major issues identified in the Agency's research
strategy and those recommended by SAB which focus on the determination of a
plausible biological mechanism and conditions under which EMR may promote or
induce cancer.
Congressional Directives. A total of $1,000,000 is for the
Congressionally directed project on Electromagnetic Radiation research.
1991 Accomplishments
EPA completed a draft research strategy for -electromagnetic fields (EMF)
and initiated a feasibility study with the Health Effects Institute (HEI) as
part of a public and privately supported research effort on EMF.
7-14
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Abatement and Control
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
RADIATION
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Radiation Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 7-15
Radiation Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 7-16
Radiation Program Implementation 7-19
Radiation Program Implementation 7-20
Radon Action Program Implementation 7-22
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment 7-24
Radon Action Program 7-25
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment 7-28
Radon Targeted State Assistance 7-29
-------
RADIATION
Radiation Criteria, Standards & Guidelines
ACTUAL
1991
PRES.
BUDGET
1992
ENACTED
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
REQUEST
1993
INCREASE *
DECREASE -
1993 VS 1992
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Radiation Criteria,
Standards & Guidelines
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$3,967.9 $4,145.3 $4,095.2 $4,095.2 $4,416.3 $321.1
$2,196.2 $2,194.4 $2,194.4 $2,134.8 $2,194.4 $59.6
TOTAL $6,164.1 $6,339.7 $6,289.6 $6,230.0 $6,610.7 $380.7
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Radiation Criteria, TOTAL
Standards & Guidelines
$3,967.9 $4,145.3 $4,095.2 $4,095.2 $4,416.3 $321.1
$2,196.2 $2,194.4 $2,194.4 $2,134.8 $2,194.4 S59.6
$6,164.1 $6.339.7 $6,289.6 $6,230.0 $6,610.7 $380.7
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Radiation Criteria,
Standards & Guidelines
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
59.1
59.1
61.6
61.6
61.6
61.6
61.6
61.6
61.6
61.6
TOTAL UORKYEARS.
Radiation Criteria,
Standards & Guidelines
TOTAL UORKYEARS
61.5
61.5
61.6
61.6
61.6
61.6
61.6
61.6
61.6
61.6
7-15
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RADIATION
Radiation Criteria, Standards, and Guidelines
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,610,700 supported by 61.6 total workyears
for 1993. Of the request, $4,416,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,194,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $321,100 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $59,600 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and no increase in workyears from 1992.
RADIATION CRITERIA. STANDARDS. AND GUIDELINES
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,610,700 supported by 61.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,416,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,194,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $321,100 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $59,600 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and no increase in workyears from 1992.
In 1993 EPA will continue to concentrate on three major program areas:
addressing airborne radionuclides, establishing standards for radioactive waste
management, and developing Federal guidance. The Agency will continue to promote
the transfer of implementation responsibilities for the radionuclide National
Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) to the states.
EPA will promulgate final standards for the disposal of low-level and high-
level radioactive wastes. The Agency will also continue to develop guidance on
the clean-up of residual radioactivity. Over 20,000 sites, including Department
of Energy (DOE) facilities and over 100 nuclear power reactors, exist where
radioactive materials are used. Many of these will be candidates for
decommissioning over the next several decades. Without controls, lifetime health
risks could be as high as one in 100. Billions of dollars potentially could be
wasted by inadequate clean-up efforts.
As part of its nuclear accident response efforts, EPA will implement
interim protective action guides for ingestion (food and water) pathways, develop
a draft interim protective action guide for accident contamination recovery, and
develop a training program for implementing these protective action guides.
._ In 1993 EPA will also perform exposure assessment, modeling, and
measurement studies to identify and characterize sources of electromagnetic
radiation. The Agency will also distribute and continue to develop public
information/outreach materials to assist states and Regions in responding to
public inquiries.
7-16
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In 1992'the Agency is allocating a total of $6,.230,000 supported bv 51.£
total workyea'rs' for this program, of which $4,095,200 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,134,800 is from ' the' Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1992 EPA is continuing the implementation of the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990. Activities include defining a major source, as well as
individual source categories, and evaluating the adequacy of the Nuclear
Regulatory Commission (NRC) program to achieve the goals of the new Act. In
addition, implementation of the existing NESHAPs will continue. These activities
include: providing technical assistance; developing model state legislation for
the control of radionuclides; establishing training programs for implementation
at the Regional and state levels; and providing technical assistance to
inspection teams. Headquarters will also continue to assist. Regions with the
technical review of modification, construction, waiver, and variance
applications. EPA is investigating additional source categories, such as rare
earth processing and geothermal electrical production. In addition, the Agency
continues to promote the transfer of NESHAPs implementation responsibilities to
the states. This effort will include the development of guidance and criteria
for state permit programs for the radionuclide NESHAPs.
EPA is proposing standards for the disposal of low-level and high-level
radioactive wastes. The Agency is also beginning to develop guidance on the
clean-up of residual radioactivity.
EPA will issue protective action guides for ingestion (food and water) and
recovery. The Agency will also initiate a training program for the recovery
protective action guide. In addition, the Agency is initiating development of
a draft interim protective action guide for accident contamination recovery, and
completing a training program for the early phase and relocation protective
action guides.
EPA is also evaluating the scientific literature on the potential
carcinogenicity of electromagnetic radiation. EPA is conducting field
measurement surveys and modeling studies to investigate particular source
problems. The Agency is developing informational materials for the public such
as handbooks on sources of exposure, a question and answer document, and a
brochure for the general public.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991 the Agency obligated $6,164,100 and 61.5 total workyears for this
program, of which $3,967,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$2,196,200 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1991 EPA concentrated on three major program areas: addressing airborne
radionuclides, establishing standards for radioactive waste management, and
developing Federal guidance. The Agency focused the 1990 airborne radionuclides
effort on implementing the final NESHAPs rules issued in calendar year 1989. The
Agency continued a program to promote the transfer of NESHAPs implementation
responsibilities to the states and provided guidance to those states seeking
delegation of authority. EPA also conducted pilot Regional and state training
7-17
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programs and provided guidance' to the Regions on implementing -'r.a regulari;r.s .
Finally, the Agency reviewed requests for construction, waivers, or alternative
standards. . •
As part of the effort to address the problem of radioactive waste disposal,
EPA continued its efforts to publish a notice of proposed rulemaking for the land
disposal of low-level radioactive waste, including naturally occurring and
accelerator produced materials. In order to provide required implementation
assistance to the Regions and states, the Agency worked to develop site
evaluation guidance and a site evaluation model as well as provide other user-
friendly computer models.
EPA also developed new high-level waste standards as required by a court
remand. The Agency worked to complete a background information document and an
economic assessment. In addition, the Agency worked to augment existing
standards for inactive mill tailings sites under the Uranium Mill Tailings
Radiation Control Act with the repromulgation of standards for ground water
protection at these sites.
The Agency maintained its radiofrequency measurement capabilities and
conducted limited field studies for electromagnetic radiation. The Agency
continued to provide technical advice, assistance, and oversight.
As part of its nuclear accident response efforts, EPA developed revised
draft interim protective action guides for early phase and relocation and
initiated development of draft interim protective action guides for ingestion
pathways. The Agency conducted a training program to help ensure the uniform
application of protective action guides nationwide in emergency situations.
7-18
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RADIATION
Radiation Program Implementation
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Radiation Program
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses $649.7 $901.2 $886.5 $942.1 $931.1
TOTAL $649.7 $901.2 $886.5 $942.1 $931.1
Radon Action Program
implementation
Salaries & Expenses $1,577.2 $2,125.7 $2,026.2 $2,102.4 $2,196.3
TOTAL $1,577.2 $2,125.7 $2,026.2 $2,102.4 $2,196.3
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $2,226.9 $3,026.9 $2,912.7 $3,044.5 $3,127.4
Radiation Program TOTAL $2,226.9 $3,026.9 $2,912.7 $3,044.5 $3,127.4
Implementation
PERMANENT UOftKYEARS
Radiation Program 10.3 17.0 17.0 15.3 17.0
Implementation
Radon Action Program 31.8 40.1 40.1 38.3 40.1
implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 42.1 57.1 57.1 53.6 57.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
-$11.0
•$11.0
$93.9
$93.9
$82.9
$82.9
1.7
1.8
3.5
Radiation Program
Implementation
Radon Action Progrt
implementation
TOTAL WORKYEARS
11.1
33.8
U.9
17.0
40.1
57.1
17.0
40.1
57.1
16.3
40.0
56.3
17.0
40.1
57.1
7-19
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RADIATION
Radiation Program Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests .a total of $3,127,400 supported by 57.1 total workyears
for 1993, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
represents an increase of $82,900 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
an increase of 3.5 in total workyears from 1992.
RADIATION PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $931,100 supported by 17.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
In 1993 Regional offices will review approximately 40 emergency response
plans and test 65. When accidental releases of radioactivity occur, the Regions
will assist state agencies in interpreting Agency information and guidance and
present information regarding radiation levels to the public. Regional staffs
will participate and assist states in identifying and assessing sites that are
contaminated with radioactivity and will serve as a liaison between headquarters
and field operations in remedial action programs for sites in their Regions.
Regional offices will continue to work with their states to encourage
delegation of authority for the radionuclide National Emission Standards for
Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) including the development and implementation
of training modules for each subpart of the act and assistance in development of
the model state program. Regions will also review and make decisions on
applications from regulated facilities for construction permits, modifications
to facilities, and waivers and exemptions. Regional staff will also provide
technical assistance for enforcement activities and necessary coordination
between headquarters and radiation facilities when the national program is
directly involved in implementing radionuclides NESHAPs. Finally, the Regions,
along with headquarters, will assist the states in developing permitting programs
under the new Act.
The Regions will provide information on radiation problems posed by
electromagnetic field exposures. Technical assistance will be provided to state
and local radiation programs in their investigation of special problems and
sources of electromagnetic fields.
1992 Program
In 1992 the Agency is allocating a total of $942,100 supported by 16.3
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
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In 1992 the Regions are participating fully in all aspects of rr.e
radionuclide NESHAPs implementation program. Currently, many state radiation
programs are- not adequate to assume delegated authority for implementing the'
•radionuclide NESHAPs. Consequently, the Agency must bear primary responsibility
for implementing the program. Much of this task will fall on the Regional
offices. They are performing many of the initial permitting functions while at
the same time working to strengthen state radiation programs to accept delegated
authority for implementing the radionuclide NESHAPs. The Regions are also
reviewing applications from regulated facilities for construction permits,
modifications to facilities, and waivers and exemptions. Regional staff are also
providing technical assistance for radionuclide NESHAPs enforcement activities.
The testing and evaluation of state emergency response planning continues
to be an important element of Regional operations, along with the review of
updated plans. EPA continues to assist states in the development of radiological
emergency response plans and will formally review these plans along with other
Federal agencies. Also, the Regions are involved with state agencies and the
public in presenting and interpreting Agency information and guidance regarding
radiation problems in their area.
The Regions continue to be the primary reviewers of environmental impact
statements for radiation facilities, such as commercial nuclear power plants,
uranium mines and mills, and radioactive waste disposal facilities. They also
respond to special problems involving actual or potential radiation releases or
exposures.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991 the Agency obligated a total of $649,700 supported by 11.1 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
In 1991 the Regions worked to participate in all aspects of the
implementation program for emission sources within their geographic boundaries
covered by NESHAPs for airborne radionuclides. The Regions also provided
coordination necessary where the national program is directly involved in
implementation of the radionuclide NESHAPs in areas such as waivers and alternate
requirements.
In addition, the Regional radiation program continued to focus on emergency
preparedness and technical assistance to states, including participation in
Regional Assistance Committees, testing and evaluating emergency response plans,
and review of updated state and local emergency response plans. The Regions
continued as the primary reviewer of environmental impact statements for
radiation facilities, such as uranium mills and mines, and radioactive waste
disposal facilities.
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RADON7 ACTION' PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,196.300 supported by 40.1 total
vorkyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $93,900 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and an increase of 0.1 total workyears from 1992.
In 1993 Regional staff will continue to work through partnerships developed
with states to implement the Agency's Radon Action Program. Regional staff will
work with states to conduct EPA-assisted statewide surveys, and will help states
that have completed their surveys to interpret the results and design effective
follow-up programs. The Regions will also continue to participate in the House
Evaluation Programs.
The Regions will continue to be the focal point for implementation of the
radon state assistance program. Regions will review state grant applications
against established criteria and will ensure that grant funds are used
effectively.
The Regions will work with the headquarters program, the states, and local
governments in the design and implementation of surveys in schools, daycare
centers, and workplaces, especially in Federal buildings, to further identify
elevated radon levels. The Regions will provide direct oversight to the regional
training centers, which also conduct testing for the national Radon Contractor
Proficiency Program. The Regions will also work with states and local
governments for the adoption of radon building standards and will provide advice
and assistance to states that want to establish additional consumer protection
functions, such as licensing measurement and mitigation contractors.
The Regions will continue to provide information to states and members of
the public. They will participate in or conduct educational programs, symposia,
and workshops for state and local officials, contractors, and the public.
1992 Program
In 1992 the Agency is allocating a total of $2,102,400 supported by 40.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
The regional activities of the Radon Action Program focus on the
dissemination of technical skills and information to the states to develop their
radon capabilities. These activities include implementation of the House
Evaluation Program which offers radon mitigation and prevention training, helping
the states design and implement surveys, providing assistance to states in their
development of radon monitoring capabilities, overseeing the regional radon
training centers which provide measurement and mitigation training, administering
the state assistance program in cooperation with headquarters, and providing
technical assistance as requested. Support is also provided to the states to
help them deal with the most critical radon problems as they are discovered; this
support is aimed at promoting state self-sufficiency. The regions also
distribute EPA's public information materials, develop local public information
7-22
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campaigns, and participate in numerous radon public awareness activities
(speeches, calk shows, school presentations, media interviews, etc.). Regional
personnel address public interest groups, the real estate and construction
industries, and others interested in the public health benefits that can be
realized by reducing radon exposures.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991 the Agency obligated a total of $1,577,200 supported by 33.8 total
workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
In 1991 Regional offices continued to coordinate activities to support the
implementation of the radon program by providing direct support to the states in
the development of state capabilities. This included assistance in developing
state survey designs, review of state plans for participation in the national
assessment of indoor radon, assistance in the development of state radon
capabilities, participation in the House Evaluation Program, and technical advice
and assistance to state and local governments.
The Regions oversaw the operation of the regional training centers and
provided assistance to states in their development of applications to the state
grant program. The Regions also participated in the presentation of the Radon
Diagnostic and Mitigation Training Course. The Regions provided support to
states to deal with critical radon problems. The Regions also continued to
assist in the distribution of public information materials, conduct outreach
programs to the public and local agencies as part of a continuing radon
educational program, and participate in radon public awareness activities.
7-23
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RADIATION
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE »
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Radon Action Progran
Salaries i Expenses
AbatMwnt Control and
Compliance
$3,001.0 $3,438.0 $3,386.8 $3.386.8 $3,683.3
$10,597.8 $10,388.0 $10,388.0 $10,195.0 $10,388.0
TOTAL $13,598.8 $13,826.0 $13,774.8 $13.581.8 $14,071.3
Radiation Environmental
Impact Assessment
Salaries I Exposes $3,213.9 $3,431.3 $3,341.5 $3,341.5 $3,972.0
Abatement Control and $30.1 $30.3 $30.3 $30.3 $30.3
Compliance
TOTAL $3,244.0 $3,461.6 $3,371.8 $3,371.8 $4,002.3
Radon Targeted State
AMI' stance
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$8,971.1 $9,000.0 $9,000.0 $9,000.0 $8,158.0
TOTAL $8,971.1 $9,000.0 $9,000.0 $9,000.0 $8,158.0
$296.5
$193.0
$489.5
$630.5
$630.5
•$842.0
-$842.0
TOTAL:
Salaries I Expanses $6,214.9 $6,869.3 $6,728.3 $6,728.3 $7,655.3
Abatement Control and $19,599.0 $19,418.3 $19,418.3 $19,225.3 $18,576.3
Compliance
Radiation
Environmental I
Asses Merit
TOTAL $25,813.9 $26,287.6 $26,146.6 $25.953.6 $26,231.6
$927.0
-$649.0
$278.0
PERMANENT WOtKYEARS
Radon Action Program
Radiation Environmental
Impact Assessment
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
45.7
47.2
92.9
51.1
51.0
102.1
51.1
51.0
102.1
51.1
50.0
101.1
51.1
51.0
102.1
1.0
1.0
TOTAL UO*mAA$
Radon Action Program
Radiation Environmental
Impact Assessment
TOTAL WOUICYEARS
47.7
50.5
98.2
51.1
51.0
102.1
51.1
51.0
102.1
51.1
50.0
101.1
51.1
51.0
102.1
1.0
1.0
7-24
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RADIATION
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $26,231,600 supported by 102.1 total
workyears for 1993. Of the request, $7,655,300 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $18,576,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of one workyear and
$927,000 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a decrease of $649,000
in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1993 the Agency expects to collect $2,000,000 in fees from five
programs: the Radon Measurement Proficiency (RMP) program, the Radon Contractor
Proficiency (RCP) program examination, the classroom training course, the field
training course, and the instructor training course.
RADON ACTION PROGRAM
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,071,300 supported by 51.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,683,300 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,388,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $296,500 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $193,000 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, and no change in total workyears.
In 1993 the Radon Action Program will continue to assess the nation's radon
problems in homes, schools, workplaces, and other buildings. The Agency will
conduct a technical assistance program to help states conduct surveys in schools
and non-residential day care centers. Protocols for mitigating radon in
workplaces will be completed. In addition, the Agency will implement a national
survey to determine the severity of the radon problems in workplaces across the
country.
The Agency will continue to offer radon mitigation and prevention on
training through the Regional Radon Training Centers, the House Evaluation
Program, and various workshops. The Agency will expand work with state and local
governments, building code organizations, and construction industry groups to
promote the adoption of model building codes. In addition, the Agency will
augment and transfer capabilities to states and the private sector to address
radon problems in large buildings through the Control Technology Evaluation
Program (CTEP). The CTEP will support agency efforts to develop techniques and
guidance for radon prevention in multi-family housing and non-residential new
construction.
The program will provide quality assurance/quality control on sample
analysis and provide direct sample analysis, where necessary. The Agency will
continue to operate the national radon information clearinghouse; maintain the
national radon database; continue the RCP and RMP programs to evaluate the
7-25
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capabilicy of measurement and micigacion firms and make rhe ir.for-.arior. available
to the States _and public; provide national oversight to the state grant program;
and continue the collection of user fees for its proficiency and training
•programs.
The Ad Council's national media campaign will continue with new messages
to promote public action on radon. The Agency will also continue its work with
the American Lung Association to promote public action at the community level.
The Agency will continue to offer radon mitigation and prevention training
through the Regional Radon Training Centers, the House Evaluation Program, the
new House Evaluation Program, and various workshops. In support of its public
information brochure on addressing radon during real estate transactions, the
Agency will develop training and workshops for the building, real estate, and
banking communities to provide information on radon health risks, potential
liabilities, prevention and reduction methods and costs.
1992 Program
In 1992 the Agency is allocating a total of $13,581,800 supported by 51.1
total workyears for this program, of which $3,386,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,195,000 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1992 EPA continues a comprehensive Radon Action Program through
partnerships with states to minimize the health risks of radon exposure. The
Agency will continue to assess the nation's radon problems in homes, schools, and
other public buildings. The Agency will also complete the data analysis for the
national survey of radon in schools and issue a report. EPA is also providing
assistance to states in the design and execution of state-wide radon surveys, as
well as to two Indian nations and continuing its mapping activities to facilitate
targeting of resources.
The national Radon Contractor Proficiency Program continues to evaluate the
capability of mitigation firms and make the information available to the states
and public. EPA is providing radon mitigation and prevention training through
regional training centers; the House Evaluation Programs, which provide hands-on
radon measurement, mitigation, and prevention training to state personnel.
private contractors, and home builders; the transfer of measurement and
mitigation information to school officials through hands-on training and
workshops; and the Radon Diagnostic and Mitigation Training Course. The Agency
is completing national model building standards for release to the public. The
Agency is also working with building code organizations and local governments to
promote the adoption of these standards.
The Agency continues to operate the national Radon Measurement Proficiency
Program and provide information to the states and the public on the proficiency
of measurement firms. EPA is also providing assistance to states in dealing with
critical radon problems and continues to develop the capabilities of state
programs through oversight of the state grant program. The Agency is developing
a national radon database and a national radon information clearinghouse. The
Agency will also promulgate user fee regulations.
EPA is completing revisions to the revised edition of the public
information brochure, "A Citizen's Guide to Radon." The updated brochure will
7-26
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include information on health risks Co special populations, coses and feasibilirv
of radon mitigation, and a series of recommended action levels. The Agency is
continuing the" .national media campaign in cooperation with the Ad Council and is-
.developing a cooperative agreement with the American Lung Association to conduct
public education and information programs. Cooperative agreements are being
initiated with other organizations, including: the American Public Health
Association, the National Association of Counties, the American College of
Preventive Medicine, the Consumer Federation of America, and the National Civic
League. Other public information activities will include developing information
and audiovisual materials for target audiences, co-sponsoring regional meetings
with selected national organizations, and sponsoring a national radon symposium.
State programs being funded through the Federal grants include activities
such as carrying out radon surveys; establishing radon assessment, mitigation,
and control programs; developing public information and educational materials;
developing data storage and management systems; operating radon hotlines; and
purchasing analytical equipment. Under this program element, headquarters, in
cooperation with the regions, develops the specific criteria used to evaluate
state grant applications, reviews applications, and administers the grant funds.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991 the Agency obligated a total of $13,598,800 supported by 47.7 total
workyears, of which $3,001,000 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $10,597,800 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1991 EPA continued to implement a comprehensive Radon Action Program to
address and reduce the health impacts of radon exposure. The Agency completed
the national survey of radon in initiate residences, a national survey of radon
in schools, worked to develop protocols for measuring radon in schools, initiated
development of measurement protocols for workplaces, and assisted Federal
agencies with workplace studies. EPA also continued to assist individual states
and Indian nations in the design and execution of surveys, including the
collection of screening measurements in homes and the presentation of analyses
of potentially high-risk radon areas to the public.
The Agency also continued the national Radon Contractor Proficiency Program
to evaluate the capability of firms to mitigate radon. EPA assisted Federal
agencies through mitigation training and continued the transfer of measurement
and mitigation information to school officials through hands-on training and
workshops. Other radon mitigation and prevention activities included continuing
the House Evaluation Program, development of national model building standards,
and the offering of the Radon Diagnostic and Mitigation Training Course to
augment the regional training center program.
EPA also continued the national Radon Measurement Proficiency Program to
assure consumers of the ability of firms to accurately measure radon levels. In
addition, the Agency continued efforts to develop the capabilities of state and
local personnel through four regional training centers. The Agency also
developed a national indoor radon database and a national radon information
clearinghouse to collect and disseminate information on the radon problem.
EPA worked to develop technical and public information materials for
Distribution to state and Federal officials, the private sector, and homeowners.
7-27
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The Agency continued data evaluation and analysis to revise "A Citizen's Guide
to Radon." EPA.conducted a national media campaign in cooperation with the Ad
Council and continued regional meetings- for health professionals with the
American Medical Association.
RADIATION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,002,300 supported by 51.0 total workyears
of which $3,972,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$30,300 will be for Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1993 the Agency will continue work to enhance its ability to respond to
nuclear accidents. This effort will include training additional radiation staff
and evaluating the mobile laboratories for equipment refitting or replacement.
The Agency will continue to augment or replace its radiation monitoring,
emergency response, and data equipment. As a major component of the overall
nuclear accident response capability, the Environmental Radiation Ambient
Monitoring System operates 268 stations to sample air, precipitation, surface
water, and milk. These stations not only routinely provide information on
ambient radiation levels but also have the capability to provide near real-time
information on radiation levels resulting from nuclear accidents. In addition,
Agency staff periodically participate in tests that measure Federal emergency
response capabilities to ensure that personnel and equipment are maintained in
a state of readiness.
EPA will continue technical analyses and associated quality assurance
programs in support of regulatory development and implementation efforts. The
Agency will continue support for radionuclide NESHAPs implementation through
compliance field studies and will complete background information documents for
low-level and high-level radioactive waste. EPA will provide laboratory support,
including analysis of air samples, to states and Regions for implementation of
radionuclide National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs).
The Agency will provide laboratory support to states and Indian nations requiring
technical assistance to address unique radiation problems.
1992 Program
In 1992 the Agency is allocating a total of $3,371,800 supported by 50.0
total workyears for this program, of which $3,341,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $30,300 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1992 EPA is continuing to support the development, implementation, and
enforcement of standards and guidance. This includes support for implementing
NESHAPs for airborne radionuclides and collecting and analyzing air samples from
facilities to verify compliance with existing standards.
EPA continues to maintain emergency response capabilities at two field
locations and headquarters and to participate in field exercises scheduled by the
7-28
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Federal Emergency Management Agency. Other activities include coordinating EPA
Regional review and testing of state, emergency response plans; assisting other
EPA offices" and state radiological programs; and operating the Environmental'
Radiation Ambient Monitoring System.
Analytical support for the development of protective action guides is also
continuing. Other activities include offering training and technical support to
states and to Indian nations having other problems related to radiation
contamination. Support provided to radiation regulatory activities is focused
on implementation of NESHAPs and the development of final rules for the disposal
of low-level and high-level radioactive waste. Specific activities in support
of NESHAPs implementation include field studies around regulated facilities to
determine compliance; development of analytical procedures; and adaption of
complex computer models for easy use by states and industry.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991 the Agency obligated a total of $3,244,000 supported by 50.5 total
workyears for this program of which $3,213,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $30,100 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1991 EPA continued to support the development, implementation, and
enforcement of standards and guidance. This included support for implementing
NESHAPs for airborne radionuclides and collecting and analyzing air samples from
facilities to verify compliance with existing standards.
EPA continued to maintain emergency response capabilities at two field
locations and headquarters and participated in field exercises scheduled by the
Federal Emergency Management Agency. In 1991 EPA continued training for nuclear
accident responses to the radiation staff beyond the core group who normally
participate in tests and exercises of the existing Federal emergency response
plans. Other activities included coordinating EPA Regional review and testing
of state emergency response plans; participation in the space shuttle launch
carrying the nuclear powered satellite, Ulysses, in the Autumn of 1990; assisting
other EPA offices and state radiological programs; and operating Environmental
Radiation Ambient Monitoring System.
RADON TARGETED STATE ASSISTANCE
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,158,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
a decrease of $842,000 from 1992.
In 1993 EPA will continue to provide financial support to states to assist
them in the development and implementation of programs to assess and mitigate
radon. State programs funded through these Federal grants will continue to
include activities such as carrying out radon surveys; establishing radon
assessment, mitigation, and control programs; developing public information and
education materials; developing data storage and management systems; operating
tradon hotlines; and purchasing analytical equipment.
7-29
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Headquarters, in cooperation with the Regions, will continue to develop
criteria used, to evaluate state use of grant funds. Administration of the
program will -emphasize risk targeting and will include giving consideration to
whether states have made reasonable efforts to ensure- adoption of radon model
construction standards and techniques. State implementation of previously
awarded radon grant funds will be reviewed and also given consideration as new
funds are distributed.
1992 Program
In 1992 the Agency is allocating a total of $9,000,000 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1992 state programs being funded through these Federal grants include
activities such as carrying out radon surveys; establishing radon assessment,
mitigation, and control programs; developing public information and educational
materials; developing data storage and management systems; operating radon
hotlines; and purchasing analytical equipment. Under this program element,
headquarters, in cooperation with the Regions, develops the specific criteria
used to evaluate state grant applications, reviews applications, and administers
the grant funds. The Agency will also evaluate the states use of previously
awarded radon grant funds as new funds are distributed.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $8,971.1 for this program, all of
which was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance Appropriation.
In 1>91, EPA issued grants to states to assist them in the development and
implementation of programs to assess and mitigate radon. State programs funded
through these Federal grants included activities such as radon surveys;
assessment, mitigation, and control programs; programs to develop public
information and educational materials; development of data storage and management
systems; operating radon hotlines; and purchase of analytical equipment.
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8. MULTIMEDIA
siNvao
NouonaiSNoo 'ei
IQNV
ONimina "i\
1N3W30VNVW
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MULTIMEDIA 8-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Multimedia Research 8-7
Headquarters Expenses 8-32
Lab & Field Expenses 8-34
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Environmental Review and Coordination 8-37
Office of Cooperative Environmental Management . . . . 8-42
Academic Training Grants 8-45
Pollution Prevention Activities 8-47
Office of Pollution Prevention 8-48
Pollution Prevention State Grants 8-49
Pollution Prevention Projects 8-50
ENFORCEMENT
Enforcement Policy and Technical Support 8-53
Enforcement Policy and Operations 8-55
Criminal Enforcement Program 8-60
Technical Support 8-64
Federal Facilities Enforcement 8-66
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ACTUAL
1991
PSES.
BUDGET
1992
MULTIMEDIA
ENACTED
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
REQUEST
1993
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1993 VS 1992
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
Oil Spills Trust Fund
TOTAL, Multimedia
850,131.1 $58,361.8 $55,529.6 $58,066.5 $69,597.9 $11,531.4
$19,191.4 $20,641.7 $23,845.5 $23,289.4 $28,088.6 $4,799.2
$108,290.2 $136,456.5 $138,517.4 $139,117.3 $161,477.6 $22,360.3
$71.4 $71.4
$177,612.7 $215,460.0 $217,892.5 $220.473.2 $259,235.5 $38,762.3
Reregistration and
Expedited Processing
Ocean Dumping Act
PEKMAHENI WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
$222.1 $290.8
$118.2 $115.0
746.4 902.4 902.4 911.7 1,02'.. 7
801.0 902. '• 902.4 932.0 1,024.7
-$290.8
-$115.0
113.0
92.7
$145.416.5 $195,936.8 $193,801.5 $196,396.1 $254,590.2 $58,194.1
All authorization except for Research and Development is by virtue
of the Appropriation Act. The Environmental Research, Development
and Demonstration Act expired September 30, 1981. Reauthorization
is pending.
8-1
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PRES.
BUDGET ENACTED
1992 1992
MULTIMEDIA
DIFFERENCE
CURRENT : .- -
ESTIMATE ENACTED VS EST. VS EST. VS
1992 PRES. BUD PRES. BUD ENACTED
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
TOTAL. Multimedia
$58,361.8 $55,529.6 S58.066.5 -$2,832.2 -$295.3 $2,536.9
$20,641.7 $23,845.5 $23,289.4 $3,203.8 $2,647.7 -$556.1
$136,456.5 $138,517.4 $139,117.3 $2,060.9 $2,660.8 $599.9
$215,460.0 $217,892.5 $220,473.2 $2,432.5 $5,013.2 $2,580.7
Reregistration and
Expedited Processing
Ocean Dumping Act
$290.8
$115.0
$290.8
$115.0
$290.8
$115.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
902.4
902.4
902,4
902.4
911.7
932.0
9.3
29.6
9.3
29.6
SALARIES AND EXPENSES
o The 1992 Current Estimate shows workforce increases for transfaring FTE into the Office of
Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances for pollution prevention activities.
ABATEMENT CONTROL AND COMPLIANCE
o The 1992 Current estimate shows an increase for the Congressionally directed add-on for the New
Jersey Institute of Technology, for pollution prevention state grants, and Agency reprogrammings.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
o The 1992 Current estimate shows an increase for the Congressionally directed add-on for pollution
prevention research, purchase of specialized scientific equipment for neural science, EFA's Earth
Observing System activities, the Southwest Environmental Research Center and agricultural pollution
prevention research modeling.
o The 1992 Current estimate shows an increase for the Congressional resource redirection in
administrative expenses, other services and Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program
activities.
o Reallocation of R&D resources to fund lab and field operating expenses.
8-2
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MEDIA BRIDGE TABLE
(dollars In thousands)
SAE
MULTIMEDIA
ACAC RAD OIL
TOTAL
$58,067 $23,289 $139,117
1992 CURRENT ESTIMATE:
Changes by Category:
Workforce Costs (+/-)
Legislative Initiatives (•*•/-)
Program Initiatives {+/-)
Discontinuation of Specific
Increases to FY 1992 Request (-)
Other* (+/-)
19S3 REQUEST: $69,598 $28,089 $161.478
* Other includes the Pollution Prevention Activites.
$0 $220,473
$5.809
$0
$4,120
$0
$1,603
$0
$0
$2,115
-$4^700
$7,384
$0
$0
$20,700
-$6.850
$8,510
$71
$0
$0
$0
$0
$5,880
$0
$26,935
-$11,550
$17,498
$71 $259,236
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MULTIMEDIA
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Multimedia Program consists
of activities that promote an integrated approach, to environmental problems
and that provide cross-media support to Agency programs. The Multimedia
Program covers three Agency functional areas. These areas are the Research
and Development function, the Abatement and Control Function, and the
Enforcement Function.
Research and Development Area
The Multimedia Research Program consists of three activities: cross-
media; technology transfer and quality assurance; and operating.expenses.
Cross-program research and development includes health and ecological
risk assessments, risk reduction and lead abatement research, exploratory
research grants and academic research centers, risk assessment guidelines
development and revision, and various other multimedia activities including
; ho Agency's high performance computing and communications development. Most
'.;.;: chese activities expand the fundamental scientific knowledge base necessary
i;'.'.1 formulate solutions to existing and emerging environmental problems.
The technology transfer program provides EPA's regulatory offices the
scientific information needed to develop and enforce regulations. It also
supports the Agency's research laboratories by writing summaries of research
projects, editing documents and summaries, and managing and controlling the
distribution of publications. The quality assurance program develops the
guidelines and procedures to assure the quality of the Agency's scientific
data.
Operating expenses are a critical component to achieve scientific
research. These expenses maintain the Agency's research infrastructure such
as laboratory supplies, equipment, automated data processing, and human
resources development.
Abatement and Control Area
The Environmental Review and Coordination Program accomplishes statutory
objectives under the authority of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
and Section 309 of the Clean Air Act, and includes three program activities as
well as support for Regional multi-media projects. The NEPA Compliance
program assures EPA's actions comply with the intent of the Act. This
includes reviews that are the functional equivalent for those Agency programs
that are not specifically covered by NEPA. The Environmental Review program
ensures that Federal agencies carry out their activities in an environmentally
sound manner pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act and Section 309
of the Clean Air Act.
The Indians program develops and implements policies for dealing with
environmental problems on Indian lands. Regional interdisciplinary projects
enable rapid response to unique intermedia environmental problems. EPA's
technology transfer activities are intended to improve efficiency and
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performance in environmental programs through technology transfer and
information exchange.
The Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxic Substances (OPPTS) acquired
the Pollution Prevention Division in 1992. The Pollution Prevention
Division's program includes the development and integration of multi-media
pollution prevention approaches in national, Regional, and state environmental
programs. In 1.993 OPPTS' Pollution Prevention program's main emphasis will be
promoting the implementation of established pollution prevention policies.
The focus will be data and analysis activities which will expand and focus the
use of pollution prevention through Agency programs. Through this program the
Agency will coordinate Federal and international pollution prevention
activities. Pollution Prevention Grants program provides grants to States to
support, initiatives that address the transfer of potentially harmful
pollutants across all environmental media -- air, land, and water. These
grants are awarded under the authorities of Section 5 of Pollution Prevention
Act of 1990.
Enforcement
Enforcement Policy and Operations provides consistent direction to EPA
enforcement for all non-Superfund media to assure the most effective possible
stewardship of EPA's enforcement responsibilities as they contribute to the
protection of environmental quality. To accomplish this goal, it establishes
compliance monitoring and enforcement priorities, policies, and procedural
guidelines so that enforcement actions are properly selected and prepared;
establishes measures to ensure policies and procedures are correctly
implemented by the media enforcement programs and Regional offices. It
conducts all legal case development, litigation, and adjudicatory hearing
activities for media enforcement programs, including oversight of evidence
gathering, preparation and management of cases, and referral of cases to the
Department of Justice for litigation.
The Criminal Enforcement Program provides for the investigation,
preparation, and referral of cases involving criminal violations of
environmental statutes. It also acts to forcefully deter criminal violations
of environmental laws by serving notice that willful statutory violations will
be met with harsh sanctions in terms of both fines and jail terms. The
program works in close partnership with Federal and State law enforcement
agencies to ensure full compliance of environmental laws.
The National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) provides
specialized technical expertise in support of EPA enforcement case preparation
activities. NEIC serves as a point of coordination and support for complex
investigations having a national impact on environmental enforcement.
The Federal Facilities Enforcement Program ensures that Federal
facilities and Government-Owned-Contractor-Operated (GOCO) facilities conduct
their activities in an environmentally sound manner and Federal agencies
comply with all environmental statutory and regulatory requirements. It also
ensures that Federal facilities take mitigative actions where their operations
could endanger the environment and/or human health.
ulting Services: No consulting service activities in this program.
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MULTIMEDIA
Enforcement Policy & Technical.Support
INCREASE
CURRENT ESTIMATE DECREASE
ACTUAL ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1993 VS.
Enforcement Actions 1991 1992 1993 1992
Administrative Orders
EPA 2838 3400 3747 +347
States* 4974 ** ** **
New Judicial Referrals
EPA Civil 212 272 277 +5
EPA Criminal 79 85 141 +56
State Civil* 366 ** ** **
Civil Judicial Cases, Ongoing
Cases Start of Year 659 703 799 +96
Cases Concluded 168 176 200 +24
Active Consent Decrees 686 ** ** **
Criminal Investigations
New 148 171 227 +56
Start of Year 215 254 ** **
Defendants Charged 104 ** ** **
Contractor Listing
Delistings and Discretionary 48 77 92 +15
Listings
Permit Support
RCRA 197 200 145 -55
NDPDES 156 208 220 +12
UIC 502 516 516 0
Penalties Assessed (Preliminary)
Administrative $30,088,304 ** ** **
Civil $41,399,989 ** ** **
Criminal $14,120,387 ** ** **
* Third Quarter Data Only (State data lagged one quarter).
** Future year projections are not made for this data element.
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Research and
Development
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
19-93 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MULTIMEDIA
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Multimedia Research . .
Headquarters Expenses.
Lab & Field Expenses
8-7
8-32
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MULTIMEDIA
Multimedia Research
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Field Expenses
Research & Development $30,292.5 $36,859.1 $36,859.1 $37,214.6 $44,153.6 $6,939.0
TOTAL $30,292.5 $36,859.1 $36,859.1 $37,214.6 $44,153.6 $6,939.0
Headquarters Expenses
Research ft Development $4,245.1 $5,182.0 $5,182.0 $5,229.5 $5,479.5 $250.0
TOTAL $4,245.1 $5,182.0 $5,182.0 $5,229.5 $5,479.5 $250.0
Multimedia Research
Salaries ft Expenses $11,262.8 $14,679.6 $14,162.2 $13,567.3 $15,080.9 $1,513.6
Research & Development $73,752.6 $94,415.4 $96,476.3 $96,673.2 $111,844.5 $15,171.3
TOTAL $85,015.4 $109,095.0 3110,638.5 $110,240.5 $126,925.4 $16,684.9
Reducing Uncertainties
in Risk Assessments
Salaries & Expenses $1.4
TOTAL $1.4
Human Exposure
Salaries & Expenses S4.3
TOTAL $4.3
TOTAL:
Salaries ft Expenses $11,268.5 $14,679.6 $14,162.2 $13,567.3 $15,080.9 $1,513.6
Research ft Development $108,290.2 $136,456.5 $138,517.4 $139,117.3 $161,477.6 $22,360.3
Multimedia Research TOTAL $119,558.7 $151,136.1 $152,679.6 $152,684.6 $176,558.5 $23,873.9
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Multimedia Research 152.3 195.6 195.6 194.8 225.6 30.8
Human Exposure 1
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 152.4 195.6 195.6 194.8 225.6 30.8
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Multimedia Research 164.0 195.6 195.6 194.8 225.6 30.8
Human Exposure 1
TOTAL UORKYEARS 164.1 195.6 195.6 194.8 225.6 30.8
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MULTIMEDIA
Multimedia Research
Principal Outputs .
MULTIMEDIA RESEARCH
1993 : o First full scale statistical summary for northeast forests.
o Annual report on forest monitoring in the eastern United
States.
o Regional scale assessment of estuarine condition in the
Virginian and Louisianian Provinces.
o Statistical summary for northeast lakes.
o Guidelines for Integrated and Single Source Assessment.
o Geographic Information System (CIS) maps for all field
activities of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Program.
o Report on the spatial and temporal relationship between
Total Human Exposure to Environmental Pollutants and Cancer.
o Reports on the development of the physiological parameters
portion of Research to Improve Health Risk Assessments
(RIHRA).
o Reports on mechanisms of toxicity for noncancer endpoints
and for nongenotoxic carcinogenesis.
o Report on the National Human Exposure Assessment Survey
(NHEXAS) feasibility studies.
o Handbook on materials selection for home builders.
o Final report on improved roller cleaning techniques for
paper coating.
o Report on fuzzy logic motor controller microchip.
o Final report on tests of Halon-1301 alternatives for North
Slope oil facilities and other applications.
o Annual report on Exploratory Research Grants Program.
o Annual report on Centers Program.
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Reports on feasibility of spectrum analyzer technology and
cryogenically-cooled/other enhancements of portable XRF for
detection/measurement of'lead-paint.
Protocol for laboratory accreditation program for paint and
soil-lead analyses.
Protocol for preparing/using standard reference materials
(SRM) for lead-paint and report on interlaboratory
comparison of SRMs.
Report on enhancing commercial test kits for detection of
lead (Pb) in soils/dusts.
Report on evaluation results/protocols for drinking water
test kit use.
Final guidelines for neurotoxicity, cancer, and for
quantifying non-cancer health effects.
Risk information in the areas of less-than-lifetime exposure
risk estimates and end-point specific effects.
Risk Assessment Forum reports on selected risk assessment
issues.
Report from International Symposium on Terrestrial
Ecological Effects of Airborne Pollution in the Arctic.
Seminars on New Municipal Wastewater Treatment Technologies.
Seminars on Remediation of Radioactive Waste.
Handbook on Post Closure Monitoring of Landfills.
Analysis to ensure scientific integrity in the Agency's
regulatory development process.
Agency-wide guidelines on the planning, development, and
implementation of quality "assurance and control protocols
related to analytical methods.
Final report on audit and data quality protocols.
Report describing State/Federal user requirements for high
performance air quality assessment tools.
Report evaluating performance of atmospheric and molecular
chemistry algorithms on massively parallel architecture.
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1992: o Annual report on forest monitoring in the northeastern
United States.
o Statistical summary for estuaries in the Virginian Province.
o Final report on estuarine demonstration project in the Gulf
of Mexico.
o Final report on the Total Exposure Assessment Methodology
(TEAM) study on human exposure to particulates.
o Annual report on recent advances in modeling and monitoring
human exposures to environmental pollutants.
o RIHRA program report on development of improved exposure,
physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK), and
biologically based dose-response (BBDR) models, their use
and relevance.
o Annual report in National Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey III (NHANES-III) cooperative research.
o Inventory of Environmental Exposure-Related Data Systems in
the Federal Government.
o Preliminary Program Strategy for NHEXAS.
o Complete cataloging activity of indoor air pollutant
sources.
o Final EPA Report: "Mitigation of IAQ Impacts of Residual
Solvents from Modular Work Station Panels."
o Revised EPA Waste Minimization Opportunity Assessment
Manual.
o Industrial Pollution Prevention Measurements Overview.
o Annual report on Exploratory Research Grants program.
o New academic centers.
o Annual report on Centers Program.
o Final reports on commercial lead-paint test kits for
abatement contractors and homeowner use.
o Report on field sampling and laboratory methods
intercomparison for lead-paint detection/measurement
techniques.
o Final report on bench-scale methods for physical
separation/extraction of lead from soil.
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Final report on feasibility of recycling lead abatement
debris through lead smelters.
Update of EPA Lead Uptake/Biokinetic Model (version 0.6) and
associated documentation.
o Proceedings of the International Symposium on Lead in Adults
(held in December, 1991 in Durham, N.C.).
o Final guidelines for exposure assessment and possibly for
male and female reproductive effects.
o Agency-wide implementation/training program for the enhanced
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) delivery system
and Federal Technology Transfer Act (FTTA) agreement for
public distribution.
o Final guidelines on exposure assessment.
o Proceedings of the International Symposium on Fish
Physiology, Toxicology, and Water Quality Management.
o Report on pilot dose-response study of indoor particulates
and BAP levels.
o Peer review Arctic research plan.
o Report on Arctic sediment methodology.
o Manual on Control of Urban Storm water and Combined Sewer
Overflow (CSO) Discharges.
o Workshops on Bioremediation of Hazardous Waste Sites.
o Handbook on Post-Closure Monitoring of Landfills.
o Guidance for assessing the results generated by data
programs.
o Guidance on Agency-wide approaches to methods validation.
o Report on optimization of regional air quality and
deposition models on a coarse-grained parallel architecture.
1991: o Final program plan for the Gulf of Mexico project.
o Final report on estuarine demonstration project in the
Virginian Province.
o Annual report on forest pilot project in the northeastern
United States.
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o Annual Status Report an NHANES-III Cooperative Research.
o Proceedings from the workshop on Environmental and
Occupational Asthma.
o Life Cycle Assessment Guidance Manual.
o Tidewater Interagency Pollution Prevention Program.
o Eight Industry Specific Pollution Prevention Guidance
Manuals.
o Industrial Pollution Prevention Opportunities for the 1990's
published.
o 74 new Exploratory Research Grants.
o Over 100 technical articles in journals.
o Annual report on Exploratory Research Grants Program.
o New academic centers selected.
o Annual report on centers program.
o Awarded 24 Phase I and 11 Phase II SBIR contracts.
o Published summary of SBIR abstracts.
o Report on mechanisms of movement of lead through soil.
o Report on evaluation of selected commercially available
lead-paint test kits.
o Final guidelines on exposure assessment.
o Final guidelines on developmental toxicity risk assessment.
o Final development of enhanced PC-based system for IRIS.
o Risk Assessment Forum reports on selected risk assessment
issues, including toxicity equivalency factors for PCBs, and
use of male rat kidney tumors for human risk assessment.
o Conference on Control of Lead in Drinking Water.
o Handbook on Control Techniques for Fugitive Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOCs).
o Seminars on Maintenance of Municipal Environmental
Infrastructure.
o Analysis to ensure scientific integrity in the Agency's
regulatory development process.
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Report on overland flow treatment of brewery wastewater in
China.
Report on preliminary case-control study evaluating lung
cancer risk factors other than coal use, family lung cancer
and chronic bronchitis history.
Report to the Environmental Monitoring Management Council on
regional methods activities.
Regional action plan: Research Needs and Priorities.
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MULTIMEDIA
Multimedia Research
BUDGET REQUEST
This is a restructured program element from those identified in the 1992
Budget Request. Resources are identified at the- new program element level and
not ac che program issue level.
1993 Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $126,925,400 supported by.225.6 total
workyears for 1993 of which, $15,080,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
Appropriation and $111,844,500 will be for the Research and Development
Appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,513,600 in the Salaries and
Expenses Appropriation, an increase of $15,171,300 in the Research and
Development Appropriation and 30.8 total work years.
1992 Budget
The Agency is allocating a total of $110,240,500 supported by 198.4
total workyears for this program element, of which $13,567,300 is from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $96,673,200 from the Research and
Development appropriation.
1991 Budget
The Agency obligated a total of $85,021,100 supported by 161.4 total
workyears for this program element, of which $11,268,500 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $73,256,600 was from the Research and
Development appropriation.
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
The Multimedia Research Program consists of those activities that cross
program boundaries. Cross program activities include ecological and health
risk assessments, risk reduction and Lead abatement research, exploratory
research grants and academic research centers, technology transfer, and local
governments, and programs and systems that assure the quality of the Agency's
scientific information. Much of this research generates knowledge essential
to all areas of environmental decision-making and produces fundamental
scientific information needed to formulate solutions to future environmental
problems. The Multimedia Research program also manages the resources that
build and maintain the Agency's science research infrastructure, including
scientific instrumentation and operating expenses for ORD's laboratories.
8-14
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RESEARCH ISSUES
The seccions below describe research program issues by each fiscal year.
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT PROGRAM
1993 Program Request
The Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) will continue
progress toward full implementation. EMAP activities in 1993 include: 1) an
agroecosystems demonstration project in EPA Region IV and pilot study in
Region VII; 2) continued monitoring of arid lands in EPA Region IX; 3) forest
research and monitoring in eight EPA Regions; 4) continued monitoring in the
estuaries 0';" Che Virginian, Louisianan, and Carolinian Provinces (EPA Regions
I-IV and VI); 5) a demonstration project in Lake Michigan (EPA .Region V); 6)
continued monitoring in the lakes of EPA Regions I and II and a pilot study in
Region V; 7) a demonstration of regional wetlands monitoring in the Gulf of
Mexico (EPA Regions IV and VI) and a pilot study in the Prairie Potholes of
Region VIII. Research and development of ecological indicators will continue.
Also, using field data EMAP will develop a demonstration assessment for an
inlan^ i.-:ega- regi on and will develop guidance for program wide integration and
asse::;.:ih:nt. The EMAP will continue to expend interagency relationships to
avoid lupI/'ration of activities.
This program will also verify transport, transformation, fate and
effects study results. Data collected on status and trends in the prototype
ecosystems will be used to develop an improved framework for ecological risk
assessment. Research on the sensitivity of exposure and condition of
indicators will be used to determine site specific data needed to further
develop, evaluate and validate ecological risk assessment models.
1992 Program
EMAP expands both programmatically and geographically. Efforts in 1992
include: 1) continued monitoring of estuaries of the Louisianian and Virginian
Provinces and a pilot in the Great Lakes; 2) a monitoring demonstration
project in northeastern lakes; 3) pilot studies in the salt marshes of the
Gulf of Mexico and in the prairie potholes; 4) an expanded monitoring effort
in eastern forests and a western pilot; 5) pilot studies in agroecosystems and
arid lands; and 6) the ongoing development of ecological indicators including
studies on biodiversity as a measure of ecosystems health. EMAP continues to
develop and expand its interagency relationships.
Congressional Directives. A total of $750,000 is for the Congressionally
directed Earth Observing System activities.
1991 Accomplishments
EMAP moved from a design and planning phase into its first phase of
implementation through a series of demonstration projects, and continued
efforts in landscape characterization, monitoring design development,
statistical research, total quality management and integrated assessment, and
fcnteragency cooperation. EMAP expanded its monitoring efforts in the
•uisianian Province and extended its near coastal demonstration project in
8-15
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che estuaries of the Virginian Province. A pilot project in lake monitoring
was completed in the northeastern states. -Planning for wetlands monitoring
was completed and a pilot project in the coastal wetlands of the Gulf of
Mexico region was implemented. Indicator evaluation studies in New England
forest ecosystems was.expanded to demonstration projects in both the Northeast
and Southeast. Planning and indicators evaluation studies continued in
agroecosystems and arid lands. The Great Lakes planning effort was completed.
Interagency support for EMAP continued to grow and included ten interagency
agreements.
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
1993 Program Request
There are no resources requested for this activity in 1993.
1992 Program
There are no resources in 1992 for this activity. However, the group of
»c U-ncists chosen to evaluate the options proposed for operation of an
institute of ecological sciences plans to complete its one time feasibility
sLudy and report Its recommendations to EPA.
1991 Accomplishments
The National Academy of Sciences' National Research Council was funded
to review the concept of a comprehensive National Environmental Research
Institute and more narrowly focused models proposed by EPA and others. The
members of the committee were chosen and began their review.
REDUCING UNCERTAINTY IN RISK ASSESSMENT-ECOLOGICAL
1993 Program Request
The goal of this program is to significantly reduce uncertainty
associated with ecological risk assessment. The risk assessment process
includes hazard identification, exposure assessment, effects assessment, and
risk characterization. Exposure assessment is the element of the risk
assessment paradigm associated with the greatest uncertainty. Previous
efforts have identified the need for methods to quantify ecological exposure.
The 1993 program will expand its efforts to develop measurements for use in
exposure assessment. The component of this program that verifies transport,
transformation, fate and effects is consolidated with EMAP in 1993.
1992 Program
A risk characterization framework is being applied to the prototype
Region using information from previous data collection and analysis. Status
and trends monitoring in the prototype Region will continue. The sensitivity
of exposure and condition of indicators is being evaluated as will the
monitoring network design. A preliminary verification of transport,
transformation, fate and effects models will be performed. Estimates of
8-16
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uncertainty in values for exposure and condition factors will be developed and
the malor components of uncertainty will be identified.
1991 Accomplishments
EPA, in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, completed a- second year of field data collection in estuaries
of the mid-Atlantic prototype region and began to analysis data collected in
the first year. Data from the second year will be used to evaluate the
uncertainty associated with the temporal variability in indicators of
ecosystem indicators. Data from the first year will be used to develop
correlations among indicators that could identify possible causes of poor
.?st:uarlne condition in the prototype region. An effort to develop a risk
Characterisation framework was initiated.
NHANES III
1993 Program Request
The Na-'yual Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-Ill (NHANES-III) is
w-sttreating the prevalence of disease and functional impairment, providing data
on Che diri.r f.bution of health characteristics (growth and development),
monitcring changes in disease, and identifying new risk factors for disease.
Data collected through the program will be evaluated and used to identify
research topics of value to the Agency in 1993. EPA will cooperate with the
other sponsoring agencies to validate the data and to ensure early access to
Collected information.
1992 Program
EPA is participating in the development of baseline data on measures of
pulmonary function and neuro-behavioral parameters. EPA is working with other
sponsoring agencies in reviewing and validating the data collected during the
first three years of the survey. Once validated, the data can undergo
preliminary analysis by the various sponsoring agencies.
1991 Accomplishments
The third year of full-scale data collection was completed this year.
EPA was involved with developing baseline data on measures of pulmonary
function and neuro-behavioral parameters.
HUMAN EXPOSURE
1993 Program Request
EPA will initiate a small pilot study to validate sampling,
measurements, analytical techniques and the overall design and assessment
concepts of a National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS). NEXAS will
provide status and trends data in human exposure to certain high-priority
environmental pollutants. This information will substantially reduce the
Bcertainties associated with exposure estimates used in regulatory decision-
8-17
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making pollutant control strategies. The Total Human Exposure program will
collect additional data on ambient and microenvironment pollutant
concentrations and human activity patterns. Status and trends data will be
used to evaluate refined exposure assessment models and work will continue to
improve the applicability of these models to other pollutant classes. Work
to improve methods for quantifying exposure through all routes will continue
as will studies to determination transport, metabolism, storage, elimination,
.absorption levels into the body, and the dose delivered to target tissues.
1992 Program
Planning and design efforts for NHEXAS are underway. Because of the
.importance of this survey, a broad and open planning process is being employed
involving the Office of Research and Development, EPA program, support, and
Regional offices, other Federal agencies, state representatives', and the
scientific community. Feasibility studies are underway for specific program
components.
Research in total human exposure assessment will place an increased
emphasis on developing measurements, designs, strategies and models for use
ir. determining status and trends in human exposures. This information will
allow the Agency to evaluate current exposure and risk assessment
methodologies and to better estimate the effectiveness of current regulatory
programs. This will include: 1) studies to set priorities among pollutant
classes as targets for future monitoring efforts; 2) evaluation of sampling
designs and strategies for human exposure monitoring; 3) improved surveys of
human activity patterns; 4) chemical and biological characterization of new
microenvironments; 5) use of activity pattern and microenvironment data to
develop and evaluate human exposure models; 6) developmental work on
measurement and analytical methods for exposure through air, food, water,
dermal absorption, and house dust (including biomarkers); 7) studies to
determination transport, metabolism, storage, elimination, absorption levels
into the body, dose delivered to target tissues, and the effects of factors
such as route of exposure, age, gender, race, etc.; and 8) EPA participation
in a National Cancer Institute (NCI) epidemiology study.
1991 Accomplishments
Concept papers were prepared and discussions occurred to initiate
NHEXAS. The Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM) study of particles
was completed and a draft report was prepared. An effort to develop
measurement methods for exposure through air, food, water, dermal absorption,
and house dust was initiated. Validation studies on a human exposure model
capable of estimating nationwide exposure to benzene will be performed. A
pilot study of body burden (breath and blood analysis) around major point
sources was initiated. Studies of exposure in new microenvironments of
interest (vehicles, house dust, etc.) were instituted as was a national survey
of human activity patterns.
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REDUCING UNCERTAINTY IN RISK ASSESSMENT - HEALTH
19-93 Program Request
fhs Research co Iu.prove Health Risk Assessment (RIHRA) program will
rV^us oi>. the major issues affecting health risk assessment. Researchers will
complete a survey of human activity patterns to estimate human exposure.
Research ;:o estimate target tissue doses given at known human exposure levels
(physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) modeling) and to estimate
toxicological responses to these target doses (biologically based dose-
response (BBDR) modeling) will be conducted. Results will be distributed
through publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals, presentations at
icientific meetings, and through a RIHRA program report summarizing the
development of improved exposure, PBPK, and BBDR models and their use and
relevance in improving the scientific bases for risk assessment.
1932 Program
T'-if- program is initiating a survey of human activity patterns to
evaluate1 human exposures, conducting laboratory estimations of target tissue
irises gi'-'sn human exposures, estimating toxicological responses to these
" -Jo-sec, and performing uncertainty analyses.
1991 Accomplishments
The RIHRA program researched major issues affecting health risk
assessment. Studies were completed on the absorption, metabolism,
distribution, and el_mination of model compounds to support development of
PBPK models; and on development of data and models of neurotoxicity,
reproductive/developmental toxicity, pulmonary toxicity, and nongenotoxic
carcinogenicity to support development of BBDR models. Approximately 275
publications and presentations have resulted to date from the RIHRA program.
SOCIOECONOMIC RESEARCH
1993 Program Request
The Office of Research and Development jointly with the Office of
Policy, Planning and Evaluation (OPPE) conducts research on socioeconomic
incentives to pollution prevention. Social science research will expand in
several environmental problem specific issues, including global warming,
stratospheric ozone depletion, and reductions of indoor air and toxic air
pollutants. In addition, research will continue to evaluate socioeconomic
approaches to reducing fossil fuel use. Other research will assess the
effectiveness of the Toxic Release Inventory in reducing chemical risks and"
the effectiveness of socioeconomic tools and strategies in guiding EPA's
policies.
1992 Program
During 1992, the Social Science Research Strategy will be completed and
sed as a guideline for refining ongoing and developing new research projects.
ajor data collection on how the Toxic Release Inventory data affects public
8-19
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(-:-•:>•'..ed^a and perception of chemical risks will be completed. The Agency will
c >r.;plete research on the use of economic incentives to manage non-point source
pollution in urbanizing coastal areas and indoor pesticide exposure reduction.
1991 Accomplishments
During 1991, the Office of Policy Planning and Evaluation (OPPE), in
exjunction with ORD, initiated several social science research projects.
Thsse projects included basic research on individual and organizational
decision making, applied research on economic tools including incentives and
disincentives, and assessment of the effectiveness of these socioeconomic
cools.
POLLUTION PREVENTION
1993 Program Request
This program targets both problem specific issues (such as indoor air,
criteria pollutants, hazardous waste and municipal solid waste) and cross-
cutting research (such as measurement and evaluation, auditing and modeling,
consumer products, and technology transfer). The Agency will initiate life
syclfi analyses of construction materials, complete emissions research for
specific manufacturing and processing operations, and provide final data on
alternatives for Halon-1301. In support of FCCSET's advanced materials
interagency crosscut, EPA will initiate activities to assess risks of various
advanced materials products and processes. Research will continue on
pollution prevention approaches for reducing greenhouse gas emissions,
hazardous air pollutants identified in the 33/50 program, and organic
solvents. Technology transfer activities will continue with the expansion of
the Pollution Prevention Information Clearinghouse capabilities, and other
technical assistance activities such as workshops, education and training
sessions, and other dissemination efforts. EPA will also initiate a joint
research effort with the United States Department of Agriculture that will
develop, evaluate, and demonstrate integrated pest management techniques.
EPA's role is to measure and assess the environmental response and benefits of
integrated farm management systems and watershed management techniques.
1992 Program
During 1992, EPA is initiating an organic solvent reduction program and
a multimedia study of pollution prevention opportunities in selected
industrial categories. Specific industrial projects are started to improve
pollution prevention measurement techniques, process simulation evaluations,
and innovative technology demonstrations. An updated version of the popular
Waste Minimization Opportunity Assessment Manual will be available, and eight
EPA/Industry 33/50 Workshops for Regional and state officials are completed.
Laboratory testing data on a microchip controller that reduces energy consumed
by industrial motors will be available.
Congressional Directives. A total of $1,750,000 is for the Congressionally
directed pollution prevention activities ($1,000,000 million) and an
Agricultural Pollution Model ($750,000).
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1991 Accomplishments
During 1991, several comprehensive EPA pollution prevention reports were
released, including the product life-cycle assessment report on inventory
guidelines and principles, several industry specific pollution guidance
manuals, and a report on pollution prevention industrial opportunities for the
next ten years. Technology transfer activities including expansion of the
domestic and international pollution prevention information exchange systems a
scoping study for the 33/50 Program was completed.
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH GRANTS
1993 Program Request
The Exploratory Research Grants Program, through its general
solicitation, funds investigator-initiated research grants in the areas of
environmental health, ecology and environmental biology, environmental
engineering, air chemistry and physics, waterw.chemistry and physics, and
environmental socioeconomics. It also funds more narrowly defined topics of
irtuneuiate concern to the Agency through Requests for Applications (RFAs) . The
1993 Exploratory Research Grants Program will support about 76 new projects
undec the general and the RFA solicitations, and 104 ongoing projects under
the general solicitation. EPA also supports the Federal Coordinating Council
for Science, Engineering, and Technology's (FCCSET) math and science education
initiative through fellowships and summer internships to minority students.
1992 Program
EPA plans support 64 new projects under the general and RFA
solicitations and 128 ongoing projects under the general solicitation. EPA
will also support FCCSET's math and science education initiative with a
variety of programs offering financial assistance, summer internships, and
access opportunities to minority students.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Research Grants Program awarded 64 new grants under the
general solicitation and provided continuing support for 97 ongoing projects.
In addition, 10 projects were awarded under Requests for Applications.
ACADEMIC RESEARCH CENTERS
1993 Program Request
EPA will support the four new centers established in 1992 and will phase
out the-last of the original eight centers. EPA will prepare an annual report
detailing progress made by these new centers, including each center's mission
statement, program highlights, project abstracts, list of key personnel,
budget information, and outputs.
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1992 Program
The Agency is establishing four new centers and phasing out seven of the
original eight centers. The remaining center at Louisiana State University
completes its tenure in 1993. EPA plans to fund each of the four new centers
at a level of approximately $1 million annually,.with a 20 percent match from
non-Feiiaral sources. The research conducted at the centers improves our
knowledge base on specific environmental topics.
Congressional Directives. A total of $2,000,000 is for the Congress tonally
directed Southwest Research Center, to study southern border environmental
problems.
1991 Accomplishments
The Academic Research Centers Program provided continued support for
projects conducted at the eight university-based research centers.
SMALL BUSINESS INNOVATIVE RESEARCH (SBIR) PROGRAM
1993 Program Request
The Small Business Development Act of 1982 (Public Law 97-219) requires
that the Agency establish a Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) Program,
funded by 1.25 percent of the Agency's Research and .Development appropriation.
The 1993 SBIR Program will support about 22 Phase I feasibility studies and
about 10 Phase II development projects. The program will focus of projects in
control technology and process instrumentation development.
1992 Program
The SBIR Program supports approximately 22 Phase I feasibility studies
and approximately 10 Phase II development projects.
1991 Accomplishments
A total of 35 awards were made to small high-technology firms under the
SBIR Program which included 24 Phase I feasibility studies and 11 Phase II
development projects.
VISITING SCIENTISTS PROGRAM
1993 Program Request
The Visiting Scientists Program enhances the quality and reputation of
the Agency's research by attracting outside researchers to EPA facilities to
collaborate with EPA researchers. In 1993 the program will sponsor the summer
placement of 10 fellows to EPA facilities to assist the Agency in
investigating the scientific implications of several important environmental
policy and management issues.
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The program is sponsoring Che short-term assignments of 10 post-doctoral
callows t-o EPA organizations to conduct policy studies 'on various high-
priority issues identified by the Agency.
1991 Accomplishments
The Visiting Scientists Program approved the appointment of 10 visitors
to t-hf? Environmental Science and Engineering Fellows component.
LEAD ABATEMENT
1993 Program Request
ORD, working with EPA program offices and other Federal agencies, has
developed a broad Multimedia Lead Research Program to support EPA's Lead
strategy and related interagency activities. The 1993 program includes
research to: 1) develop improved technologies for abatement of Lead in paint,
hourp. dust and urban soil; 2) develop alternatives for the disposal of Lead
<:oi"if.a;T.ii:,.ii:ed debris; 3) evaluate and improve soil-Lead detection and
measurempiv' methods and protocols, 4) determine and characterize factors
affecting movement of Lead in soils from landfill disposal sites; and 5)
expand health effects research on susceptible populations. Specific outputs
will include reports on various abatement technologies, the design of a
multimedia fate and transport model, guidelines and operating procedures for
the use of new methods in the analysis of Lead in soils, dusts, and other
solids, and reports on the technical feasibility of various Lead abatement
debris disposal options.
1992 Program
The 1992 program focus is on: 1) evaluating and developing methods to
detect and measure Lead in paint and dust; 2) evaluating the contributions to
total human Lead exposure of Lead in various media; 3) a limited evaluation of
existing technologies for abatement of Lead in paint, soil and water; 4)
evaluating bioavailability of Lead from paint, dust, and soil; 5) evaluating
Lead health effects; and 6) conducting symposia, workshops and other
technology transfer assistance to Regions, states, and other Federal agencies.
1991 Accomplishments
There was no funding for this program in 1991. The principal outputs
completed in FY 1991 were funded and carried-over from 1990.
PROMOTE CONSISTENT RISK ASSESSMENT
1993 Program Request
The agency will issue final risk assessment guidelines for quantifying
Incer and non-cancer health effects and will propose guidelines for
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ecotoxicity. The Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) will grow and
diversify with the inclusion of additional'chemicals and agents and risk
information in the areas of less-than-lifetime exposure'risk estimates,
developmental toxicity risk, and other endpoint-specific human health effects.
This work will emphasize training and outreach to .the program offices, states,
the public and to the international community. The Risk Assessment Forum will
undertake projects designed to resolve difficult issues raised (and
incompletely resolved) during the guidelines review. New risk assessment
guidelines on human health and on ecological issues will be published along
with supplemental guidance on existing risk assessment guidelines.
1992 Program
EPA is issuing proposed risk assessment guidelines for quantifying non-
cancer health effects and for neurotoxicity. IRIS continues to grow with the
completion and final distribution of the enhanced PC-based system. Also,
development of an agreement under the Federal Technology Transfer Act (FTTA)
to publicly distribute PC IRIS will begin and training and outreach to the
program offices, states and public will continue. The Risk Assessment Forum
is proposing risk assessment guidelines for cancer, other health effects, and
ecological effects. The Forum continues several projects designed to resolve
issues raised during the guidelines review. The resulting Forum reports will
.•3«rve as supplements to the guidelines. Activities include sponsorship of
workshops, colloquia, and other meetings attended by experts from EPA, other
Federal agencies, and the private sector to discuss controversial risk
assessment issues.
1991 Accomplishments
Final guidelines on developmental toxicity were issued. Work was
conducted on guidelines for exposure assessment and male and female
reproductive effects. The Risk Assessment Forum issued reports on selected
risk assessment issues, including toxicity equivalency factors for PCBs, and
use of male rat kidney tumors for human risk assessment. F-inal development of
an enhanced PC-based system for IRIS was completed.
ENFORCEMENT
1993 Program Request
ORD will provide the Office of Enforcement (OE) with coordinated
technical and scientific support in a number of areas. In conjunction with OE
and its National Enforcement Investigation Center (NEIC), The Agency will
develop risk-based assessment techniques and methods for targeted enforcement
efforts to address risks which pose the greatest threats to human health and
the environment. The program will draw upon the Agencie's laboratories, the
Center for Environmental Research Information (CERI) and the Regional
Scientist Network.
1992 Program
In collaboration with OE, ORD is developing risk assessment tools for a
focused within-media or cross-media targeting capacity based on health and
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ecological risk. ORD couples information developed from DE's targeting
projects, particularly the Regional Enforcement Pilot Projects and the Toxic
Re-lease Inventory Project, with information on health and ecological risk.
EPA will develop risk-based ranking and screening techniques for targeting, as
well as risk assessment protocols to evaluate the effectiveness of enforcement
strategies in different media, as well as cross-media. ORD will also develop
a mechanism to use risk as a fundamental part of enforcement settlements/
agreements to determine which areas of a site to clean up and at what level,
tc generate optimum risk reduction.
1991 Accomplishments
There was no funding for this issue in 1991.
OUTREACH AND INFORMATION
1993 Program Request
Both of ORD's centralized laboratories are responsible for developing
innovative outreach programs designed to: maximize information exchange about
HPA -research and development programs; increase, awareness and understanding of
Agency and ORD programs and capabilities among the academic and scientific
communities and the general public; establish a base for continued
interactions and collaboration with public and private sector organizations;
facilitate and mentor science and engineering education opportunities; and
represent ORD in dealing with targeted groups (e.g., media, elected officials,
iacademic institutions, industry, community organizations, and environmental
groups). The technical outreach program initiated in 1992 will be enhanced to
provide environmental solutions to industry through expanded relationships
with industrial associations. EPA will also continue to further develop and
expand many of the partnerships initiated in 1992.
1992 Program
A new technical outreach program is fostering understanding of the
Agency's research product and their use by the environmental community. EPA
will initiate a variety of public-private sector, state government,
university, and national partnerships to further expand outreach and
information exchange activities. These activities include career exploration
workshops, science camps, programs to increase the general public's
understanding of pollution prevention, and support for university-government
seminars on environmental topics.
1991 Accomplishments
Activities in 1991 included: initiating programs to improve
Congressional and community relations; developing informational displays for
lobbies and an Environmental Calendar of Events; a variety of outreach and
technical assistance meeting and presentations to the media, academia,
industry, state and local governments, and others; and participation in a
number of environmental fairs and exhibits.
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MANAGE AND DISSEMINATE TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGY
1993 Program Request
EPA will produce information on environmental technology and technical
daca through the Center for Environmental Research Information (CERI). The
information is disseminated to states, municipalities, and industries to
anable them to meet their regulatory responsibilities. Products and services
include manuals, handbooks, user guides, seminars, workshops, and expert
systems. CERI will expand its activities delivering information and
technology that assist in solving the broad spectrum of infrastructure
problems faced daily by small municipalities across the country. These
produces will present true cross -media solutions, covering waste water,
.-.lr inking water, and solid waste issues.
1992 Program
The Agency is producing technology transfer products to addressing urban
scorit water and combined sewer overflow, water quality impacts of nonpoint
sources of pollution, pollution prevention for small industries and
and hazardous waste treatment alternatives.
1991 Accomplishments
Over 2,100 ORD documents and reports, and more than 200 Project
Summaries were tracked, processed, and distributed to end users. CERI
responded to over 48,000 requests for information and managed the processing
and distribution of over 40,000 items. Membership on the Agency electronic
Bulletin Board System (BBS) almost tripled to 3,500 registered users, and an
improved document ordering system was added.
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
1993 Program Request
Each year ORD's laboratories sponsor a number of projects that focus on
stimulating students' interest and academic pursuits in the environmental
sciences and engineering. The creative "progression" type programs benefit
students from elementary school to graduate school through such vehicles as
classroom demonstrations, science fairs, lab visits, summer camps, exhibits,
fellowship work study, tuition assistance, workshops, curricula development,
and career opportunities counseling. Similar programs are offered to
educators as well.
1992 Program
Resources for this issue are located in Exploratory Research Grants in
1992.
1991 Accomplishments
There were no resources for this issue in 1991.
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PROVIDE REGULATORY SUPPORT
19-93 Program Request:
This program ensures that EPA research focuses on che most critical
scientific and engineering issues associated with the Agency's regulatory
development process. It also ensures that the most current and accurate
•*cl?nntfic information is considered to establish the strongest scientific
basi<- for EPA regulatory decisions. Specific science policy efforts include
full and active participation on Agency work groups that develop regulatory
proposals, review and analyses of regulatory approaches for scientific
defensibility prior to submission to the Administrator, and analyses of
regulatory requirements and priorities to ensure that the research program is
responsive co Agency needs. Major attention will be given to cross-media and
cross-disciplinary issues and implementation of the new Clean Air Act.
1992 Program
Ongoing activities include ORD staff participation in Agency regulatory
work groups, EPA review of alternative regulatory approaches, and ongoing ORD
analysis of regulatory requirements to er.sure that research programs are
responsive to the needs of the Program and Regional Offices.
1991 Accomplishments
The regulatory support program helped to ensure technically sound
development of Agency regulations.
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS CORPORATION (NETAC)
1993 Program Request
No resources were requested for this activity in 1993. EPA may
purchase from NETAC products and services they are uniquely qualified to
provide, including testing protocols for Bioremediation products used to
clean-up oil spill residues and various hazardous wastes.
1992 Program
This is the final year of the cooperative agreement between EPA and the
University of Pittsburgh Trust to co-sponsor the development of NETAC.
Resources provided by EPA will help support NETAC's efforts to become self-
sufficient in 1993.
1991 Accomplishments
NETAC was created to accelerate the development and commercialization of
priority environmental technologies by providing technological assessments,
commercialization assistance, testing and evaluation. As a non-profit
organization, NETAC provides its services on a neutral and independent basis
to government, private sector laboratories and organizations, entrepreneurs,
and innovators. NETAC completed its commercial test facility for certifying
ML spilland hazardous waste remediation products.
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REGIONAL ANALYTICAL METHODS
1993 Program Request
The Agency will use Standard Reference Materials (SMR's) to evaluate the
effectiveness of a number of newly developed and currently available methods
for the extraction, clean-up, and analysis of tissues. Work will continue to
develop Agency-wide approaches to Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC)
procedures relating to analytical methods.
1992 Program
ORD increases emphasis on Agency-wide issues identified by the Regions.
This will include the development of Agency-wide approaches to methods
validation, quantification limits, quality control specifications, and
standard reference materials, as well as initial studies to estimate the
quality of environmental decision (not analytical) data. Work on specific
analytical methods includes: 1) application of super-critical fluids; 2) field
methods for collection of real-time data; and 3) methods for analysis of fish
and other tissues.
199.1 Accomplishments
Work on the development of a methods manual for nutrients in estuarine
and other salt water media was completed. Research was initiated in the
following high priority areas: low level methods and reference materials for
volatile and semi-volatile organics and metals in all media; digestion
techniques for metals; analysis of transition metals in non-aqueous media;
solid phase extraction sample preparation techniques for extractable
compounds; and validated methods for fish tissue and nutrients in marine
systems.
MANAGE THE MANDATORY QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM
1993 Program Request
EPA will continue activities that: 1) support data quality objectives
(DQO) implementation in program off ices •, Regions and ORD; 2) develop QA
curriculum materials for use by EPA managers; 3) conduct analytical work on
model validation; 4) develop streamlined QA guidance; 5) provide guidance for
assessing results generated by data programs; 6) support implementation of QA
Optimization Project; 7) develop process flow models; and 8) apply total
quality management tools to EPA QA programs.
1992 Program
EPA is distributing supplementary guidance on data quality objectives
(DQO) and provide support to those EPA organizations which are applying the
DQO process. Initial development of protocols for data quality assessment
will be completed. The agency will complete two QA management system reviews
focusing on major EPA data collection programs, review thirty QA program plans
submitted by EPA offices, develop three QA training courses, and prepare a
report to senior management on the status of EPA's quality assurance program.
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1991 Accomplishments
The 1991 program made significant progress in ins'titutionalizing,
throughout the Agency, the basic quality management tools of DQO, Management
Systems Reviews, and QA Program Management Plans.. Revised DQO guidance was
prepared for compliance and research activities, and work progressed on
developing data quality assessment protocols.
CHINA PROGRAM
1993 Program Request
This program is conducted under Annexes I and III of the.United States -
Peoples Republic of China Environmental Protection Protocol of 1980. It is a
cooperative exchange research program between United States EPA and China's
National EPA. Under Annex I the program will continue studying the
relationship of children's lung function and respiratory health versus air
pollution in several Chinese cities. Under Annex III the Program will study
the environmental processes and effects of aquatic organisms due to pollution,
and the remediation of contaminated soils and groundwater.
1992 Program
Under Annex I, the Program is studying the relationship between indoor
air pollution and lung cancer. It is also studying the relationship between
children's respiratory health and a wide gradient of particulate, acid and
sulfur dioxide exposures in several Chinese cities. Under Annex III, the
program will focus on the toxicity effects on aquatic organisms, water
pollutant transport and transformation, global climate changes and ground
water effects due to water pollution.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991 this program produced: a report on overland flow treatment of
brewery waste water in China; a journal article on bilateral waste water land
treatment research by China and the U.S. EPA; a symposium proceedings on fish
physiology, fish toxicology, and fisheries management; a report on preliminary
case-control study evaluating lung cancer risk factors others than coal use,
family lung cancer and chronic bronchitis history; and a journal article on
bioassay-directed fractionation and chemical characterization of mutagenic
compounds from smoky coal combustion emissions in Xuan Wei homes.
HARVARD STUDY
1993 Program Request
This program will support post-doctoral fellows and visiting scientists
working for limited periods with Harvard faculty on environmental issues.
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1992 Program
The Harvard Study Program is identifying and selecting post-doctoral
research fellows and scientists to work with Harvard faculty members on the
analysis of critical environmental problems.
Congressional Directives. 'A total of $3,100,000 is for the Congressionally
directed Neural Science Equipment.
1991 Accomplishments
The Harvard Study Program was involved in analysis of
Issues in i-espiratory biology, the health benefits of controlling hazardous
air pollutants, and the value of information in environmental decision making.
ARCTIC STUDIES
1993 Program Request
Re search will expand work on probability-based sampling approaches via
Che bilateral agreement to include selected regions of the Russian Arctic by
the end of 1993. Preliminary results will provide our first quantitative,
regional information regarding the levels and spatial distribution of
contaminants in the Arctic. Furthermore, research will provide information on
the risk posed by contaminants to selected portions of the arctic food web.
Coordination with the international Arctic research community will result in
information that is comparable on an international (pan Arctic) scale due to
standardization of methods and approaches. In addition, the EPA will continue
to co-chair the Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee's Environmental
Monitoring Work Group.
1992 Program
I
EPA is producing a peer-reviewed program research plan based on methods
development and technical approaches for evaluating the current status of the
U.S. Arctic with regard to organic and inorganic contaminants resulting from
long-range transport of airborne pollutants. EPA plans to implement the first
year of a probability-based sampling approach utilizing lichens and mosses in
the U.S. Arctic and closely coordinated with international approaches being
developed by other circumarctic countries. EPA plans to submit several
journal manuscripts for publication describing early results and documenting
the approaches taken. In addition, the EPA will co-chair the Interagency
Arctic Research Policy Committee's Environmental Monitoring Work Group. This
coordination will ensure the cost effective implementation of monitoring in
the Arctic and will provide the focal point for international coordination
through the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program under the Arctic
Environmental Protection Strategy.
1991 Accomplishments
There were no resources for this activity in 1991.
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HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING
1993 Program Request
This program, which supports FCCSET's High Performance Computing and
Communications crosscut, focuses on the advancement and dissemination of
computational techniques and software tools which form the core of ecosystem,
atmospheric chemistry and dynamics models. This program will initiate research
in two main areas: (1) direct linkage of air and water (multi-media) models
for integrated pollutant assessment; and (2) techniques for transfer of high
performance environmental assessment tools to key state, Federal, and
industrial users with decision making responsibility. This research is a key
element in EPA's efforts to build state and local capacity for environmental
management and decision-making.
1992 Program
The 1992 program: (1) supports optimization of key algorithms in
current air quality models on computers with multiple and massively parallel
architectures; (2) develops new analysis capabilities based on visualization
techniques to better interpret and understand answers for models addressing
grand challenge problems; and (3) conducts preliminary investigations of
molecular modeling algorithms on parallel architectures.
1991 Accomplishments
There were no resources for this activity in 1991.
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MULTIMEDIA
Headquarters Expenses
BUDGET REQUEST
This is a restructured program element from those identified in the 1992
Budget Request. Resources are identified at the new program element level and
not at the program issue level.
1993 Budget Request
For Headquarters Expenses, the Agency requests a total of $5,479,500 for
the Research and Development appropriation in 1993, an increase of $250,000
from 1992. This increase reflects additional resources to fund administrative
expenses in ORD headquarter's offices and to fund ORD-wide expenses. The
administrative expenses include supplies and materials, equipment, automated
data processing services for headquarter's offices and for ORD-wide data
systems, human resources development training, administrative printing and
reproduction, and miscellaneous support services.
1992 Budget
The Agency is allocating a total of $5,229,500 from the Research and
Development appropriation.
1991 Budget
The Agency obligated a total of $4,245,100 from the Research and
Development appropriation.
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
Includes supplies, materials, equipment, automated data processing
services for headquarter's offices and for ORD-wide data systems, human
resources development training, administrative printing and reproduction, and
miscellaneous support services.
RESEARCH ISSUES
The sections below describe research program issues by each fiscal year.
HEADQUARTERS OPERATING EXPENSES
1993 Program Request
.This program funds administrative expenses in ORD's headquarters
offices, including supplies, materials, equipment and automated data
processing services.
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1992 Program
This program supports administrative expenses in ORD's headquarters
offices, including supplies, materials, equipment and automated data
processing services.
1991 Accomplishments
This program funded administrative expenses in ORD's headquarters
offices.
ORD-WIDE EXPENSES
1993 Program Request
This activity will fund ORD-wide data systems, human resources
development training, administrative printing .and reproduction, and
miscellaneous support services. '*.
1992 Program
This activity funds ORD-wide data systems, human resources development
training, administrative printing and reproduction, and miscellaneous support
services.
1991 Accomplishments
This activity funded ORD-wide data systems, human resources development
training, administrative printing and reproduction, and miscellaneous support
services.
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MULTIMEDIA
Lab and Field Expenses
BUDGET REQUEST
This is a restructured program element from those identified in the 1992
Budget Request. Resources are identified at the new program element level and
not at the program issue level.
1993 Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $44,153,600 of which all is for the
Research and Development appropriation in 1993. This represents an increase
of $6,939,000 from 1992. This increase reflects additional resources for
laboratory and office supplies and materials, scientific and technical
equipment, management and administrative ADP support and services, facilities
operating expenses, facilities repair and improvement projects costing under
$75,000, and other support services essential to fulfill EPA's research
mission. The increase provides minimal operating expenses for the Agency's
laboratory research programs.
1992 Budget
The Agency is allocating a total of $37,214,600 is for the Research and
Development appropriation.
1991 Budget
The Agency obligated a total of $30,292,500 from the Research and
Development appropriation.
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
This program provides operating expenses, office supplies and materials,
scientific and technical equipment, management and administrative ADP support
and services, facilities operating expenses, facilities repair and improvement
projects and other support services essential to fulfill ORD's research
mission.
RESEARCH ISSUES
The sections below describe research program issues by each fiscal year.
LABORATORY SUPPORT
1993 Program Request
This activity will support services needed to maintain and operate EPA
research laboratories and to supply and equip those laboratories for the
Agency's research effort.
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1992 Program
These activities support services needed to maintain and operate ORD's
research laboratories and supply and equip the laboratories. Funding for
these activities were restructured from the Laboratory Support program element
in 1992.
1991 Accomplishments
This activity funded under the Laboratory Support program element in
•L991.
SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTATION
1993 Program Request
A large portion of ORD's scientific and technical equipment is old,
technologically antiquated, and needs to be replaced. A modern and complete
inventory of equipment is required to conduct scientific research and
maintains qualified scientists and engineers. All requests for new equipment:
costing more than $50,000 are reviewed and prioritized by a Capital Equipment
Committee. Equipment will be purchased in priority order. The emphasis will
be on the replacement of mission-essential equipment over seven years old that
addresses the highest-priority programmatic needs. A portion of the equipment
budget will go to the laboratories for the purchase of equipment costing less
that $50,000.
1992 Program
Mission-essential scientific equipment is being purchased in priority
order, as ranked by the Capital Equipment Committee. A portion of the science
equipment resources will be provided to the laboratories for the purchase of
equipment costing less than $50,000.
1.99.1 Accomplishments
Scientific equipment was purchased in priority order as ranked by the
Capital Equipment Committee.
LAB/FIELD OPERATING EXPENSES
1993 Program Request
An adequate expense base in ORD's research labs is an essential
component of successful scientific research. Lab and field operating expenses
provide resources for supplies and materials, printing and reproduction,
management and administrative Automated Data Processing (ADP) support,
facility operations, specialized laboratory supplies, facility repairs under
$75,000 and training for scientists and engineers.
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1992 Program
This activity supports services needed to maintain'and operate ORD's
research laboratories.
1991 Accomplishments
This activity funded the support services needed to maintain and operate
ORD's research laboratories.
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Abatement a'ld Contra'
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MULTIMEDIA
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Environmental Review and Coordination 8-37
Office of Cooperative Environmental Management 8-42
Academic Training Grants 8-45"
Pollution Prevention Activities 8-47
Office of Pollution Prevention 8-48
Pollution Prevention State Grants . . . 8-49
Pollution Prevention Projects 8-50
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MULTIMEDIA
Environmental Review and Coordination
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Environmental Review
and Coordination
Salaries & Expenses $4,682.1 $4,867.4 $4,613.0 $7,228.0 $7,551.0 $323.0
Abatement Control and $9,714.9 $12,400.0 $14,603.8 $14,193.3 $9,207.3 -$4,986.0
Compliance
TOTAL $14,397.0 $17,267.4 $19,216.8 $21,421.3 $16,758.3 -$4,663.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $4,682.1 $4,867.4 $4,613.9 $7,228.9 $7,551.0 $322.1
Abatement Control and $9,714.9 $12,400.0 $14,603.8 $14,193.3 $9,207.3 -$4,9.96.0
Compliance
Environmental Review TOTAL $14,397.0 $17,267.4 $19,216.8 $21,421.3 $16,758.3 -$4,663.0
and Coordination
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Environmental Review 90.7 100.0 100.0 125.7 131.0 5.3
and Coordination
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 90.7 100.0 100.0 125.7 131.0 5.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Environmental Review 98.6 100.0 100.0 129.8 131.0 1.2
and Coordination
TOTAL WORKYEARS 98.6 100.0 100.0 129.8 131.0 1.2
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MULTIMEDIA
Environmental Review and Coordination
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $16,758,300 and 131.0 total workyears for
1993, a decrease of $4,663,000 and an increase of 1.2 total workyears over
1992. Of the request, $7,551,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $9,207,300 will be for the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance (AC&C) appropriation. This request represents an increase of
$297,700 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a decrease of
$4,966,000 in the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. This
request includes resources for the Office of Federal Activities which was
transferred out of an Agency Management account into this Abatement, Control,
and Compliance account. This change consolidates the Headquarters and
Regional resources into a single program element to reflect the previously
approved Agency reorganization and to emphasise OFA's environmental compliance
role.
ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW AND COORDINATION
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $16,758,300 and 131.0 total workyears for
1993. Of the request, $7,551,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $9,207,300 will be for the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance (AC&C) appropriation. This represents an increase of $297,700 in
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to fund the Federal workforce needed
to implement the President's program in 1993, a net decrease of $4,986,000 in
the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 1.2
total workyears. The net decrease of $4,986,000 in the AC&C appropriation
represents a transfer of $3,000,000 for the Regional Pollution Prevention Set-
Aside fund to the Pollution Prevention Projects program in OPPTS; a deletion
of $2,200,000 for one time 1992 Congressional Add-ons for Multi-Media Indian
grants, and an increase of $214,000 for a restoration of the 1992 base.
In AC&C, 13.9 workyears and $3,567,300 will be used to improve overall
Agency Indian program management, and to coordinate and further integrate
media program and Regional efforts to build the capacity of American Indian
Tribal governments to develop and implement their own environmental protection
programs utilizing general assistance agreements and categorical grants, as
appropriate. These resources will be used to complete the environmental
survey of Indian lands initiated in 1992.
The Environmental Review and Coordination (ERC) program will also
support a targeted effort with other Federal agencies to strengthen their
policies and specific project reviews as they relate to the protection of
ecological resources and mitigation of adverse impacts, including climate,
terrestrial habitat, wetlands, estuaries, and geographic areas such as the
Great Lakes and Chesapeake Bay. This program will target unique geographic
and ecological areas for increased multimedia environmental assessment
support, particularly those with international impacts, such as the U.S.
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Mexican Border.
The ERG will continue to emphasize prevention of' significant air and
water degradation from proposed major Federal projects. Particular attention
will be given to land management and highway projects impacting sensitive
ecological resources. This program will review the environmental impacts of
proposed major Federal actions as required by the National Environmental
Policy Act (NEPA) and Section 309 of the Clean Air Act with the goals of
helping Federal agencies mitigate the environmental effects of their proposed
actions and reduce future risk to human health and the environment. This will
assure the Agency complies with NEPA and other applicable laws such as the
Endangered Species Act and the National Historic Preservation Act. This effort
will focus on EPA-issued New Source National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) permits in 13 States and on Indian reservations and for off-
shore oil and gas sources, EPA laboratories and facilities, and remaining
projects under the Title II construction grants program.
The ERG program will oversee environmental policy Memorandum of
Understanding (MOU) with other Federal agencies to provide a mechanism for
cooperating and resolving conflicts, and will manage the official filing
activicy for all Federal environmental impact statements in accordance with a
Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with the Council on Environmental Quality.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $21,421,300 and 129.8 total
workyears, of which $7,228,000 is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $14,193,300 is from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
The ERC program is continuing its management oversight and technical
assistance efforts in order to emphasize: 1) prevention of significant air and
water degradation from proposed major Federal projects, particularly land
management and transportation projects impacting sensitive ecological
resources; 2) assurance that EPA's NEPA documents and equivalent assessments
contain sound environmental analyses which are useful in the decision process;
3) ensuring that States implement effective environmental review programs to
support the State Revolving Fund (SRF) for wastewater treatment construction;
4) compliance of EPA's programs with other applicable statutes; 5)
coordination of the Agency's Indian activities; 6) coordination with the State
Department, Agency for International Development, and other relevant entities
on international issues concerning environmental assessment and the
development of environmental program infrastructure in developing countries;
and 7) liaison activities, such as managing EPA's umbrella MOUs with other
Federal agencies. Emphasis is also placed on supporting efforts to assure
that EPA actions comply with the Endangered Species Act, the National Historic
Preservation Act, Executive orders on floodplain and wetland protection, and
preservation of agricultural lands.
The ERC program will review about 500 Environmental Impact Statements
(EIS) and numerous environmental assessments of smaller Federal projects with
potential environmental impacts. This program is focusing on four major
areas: liaison with Federal agencies whose programs may affect the
Environment; early involvement in the planning cycle for projects with
potential for significant adverse effects, especially to sensitive ecological
8-39
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resources; review .of Federal projects and long-range Agency plans to ensure
proper consideration of the impacts of major environmental changes, and
follow-up on projects to ensure resolution of significant environmental issues
identified during environmental reviews.
The Indian program continues to focus on building tribal capacity to
manage environmental programs tailored to* their needs through general
assistance agreements. The FY 1992 Appropriations Act, P.L. 102-139, extended
the Multi-media Indian Grant Authority into 1992 and provided $3,000,000 as
requested by the President. The Multi-media Indian Grant Authority has not
been permanently established and EPA will request it again for 1993. The goal
is to hfilp Indian Tribes implement their own environmental programs,
consistent, with the President's policy of working with: Tribes on a
government-to-government basis, Congressional direction to provide general
assistance agreements to build capacity, and to treat Tribes as States for the
purposes of implementing environmental laws.
The ERC program will ensure that EPA develops a solid program of
compliance with NEPA and other applicable statutes for the Agency's
laboratories, facilities, construction and alterations, new source NPDES
permit Issuance, and remaining construction grant activities. Efforts also
include developing State environmental review capacity for the SRF, including
agreements with other Federal agencies setting out a State lead on initial
compliance reviews.
Congressional Directives A total of $2,200,000 is for the following
Congressionally directed projects: $500,000 for the Inter-tribal Council of
Arizona; $1,500,000 for the Washington State Indian tribal initiative; and
$200,000 for other Indian reservations.
1991 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a. total of $14,397,000 supported by 98.6 total
workyears, of which $4,682,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $9,714,900 was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
The FY 1991 Appropriations Act, P.L. 101-507, provided the Administrator
with authority "... to make grants to 'Federally recognized Indian tribes' on
such terms and conditions as he deems appropriate for the development of
multimedia environmental programs." The appropriations act did not include
money to support this authority. Therefore, to ensure successful'
implementation, EPA requested and received Congressional approval to reprogram
FY 1991 funds. As a result, Regional and program offices redirected
$1,200,000 to support the implementation of the multi-media assistance
agreement program to provide an opportunity for Tribes to develop
environmental programs tailored to their individual tribal needs. The multi-
media assistance agreement program was successful with 29 awards to 47 Tribes,
including 23 Tribes in 5 consortia. These agreements are the basis for Tribes
to develop their capacity to manage inspection, monitoring, planning,
environmental needs assessment, and corrective action activities as well as
specific delegated programs.
The EPA Indian Program, designed to ensure environmental protection on
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Indian lands, concentrated its efforts on the development of tribal capacity
to identify and respond to current and potential environmental problems.
Emphasis was also placed on the enforcement of tribal ordinances and Federal
statutes (as EPA delegates programs to tribal governments). The objective of
tribal environmental capacity building was accomplished through the following
specific activities: 1) development and implementation of a multi-media
assistance agreement program for Tribes; 2) direct technical assistance to
tribal governments environmental management plans; 3) increasing direct
programmatic activity on reservations; 4) strengthening outreach and liaison
activities with tribal governments; 5) strengthening external liaison with
Indian tribal organizations and other Federal agencies with Indian interests;
and 6) encouraging environmental inventories of reservation lands.
The NEPA Compliance program is focused on ensuring EPA compliance with
the goals and requirements of the NEPA and related laws and regulations. This
program has concentrated on ensuring that EPA avoids unanticipated
environmental impacts from its decisions, promoting information exchange with
the public about the impacts of proposed EPA actions, and assisting in the
development and promotion of effective ecological risk assessment methods and
procedures. These goals have been achieved through the following specific
activities: 1) improving communications with, odier Federal agencies regarding
the implementation of environmental laws and orders; 2) assisting EPA programs
in their compliance with environmental laws and orders; 3) evaluating the
effectiveness of NEPA compliance efforts on selected projects and assisting
EPA programs with site-specific evaluations; 4) providing technical assistance
to State environmental agencies; 5) working with the EPA Office of
International Activities, the Treasury Department, State Department, and the
Agency for International Development to assist in developing the environmental
review capabilities of developing nations and multi-lateral lending agencies;
and 6) ensuring EPA compliance with NEPA on new source NPDES permits, research
and development activities, and facilities activities.
The ERG program continued to work on the review of environmental impacts
of proposed projects, regulations and other major Federal actions as required
by both NEPA and Section 309 of the Clean Air Act. The major objective of
this program, to minimize the adverse environmental impact of Federal
proposals, was accomplished by: 1) effective liaison with other Federal
agencies; 2) early identification of significant environmental issues; and 3)
timely review of major actions. Agreements with the Bureau of Reclamation and
the Forest Service are leading to closer and more effective relationships
between these agencies and EPA.
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MULTIMEDIA
Office Of Cooperative.Environmental Management
ACTUAL
1991
PRES.
BUDGET
1992
ENACTED
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
REQUEST
1993
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1993 VS 1992
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Office Of Cooperative
Environmental
Management
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
SI,206.4 SI,242.1 SI,174.3 SI,173.3 $1,280.0 S106.7
S3,232.5 $2,058.2 $2,058.2 $2,033.7 $1,693.1 -S340.6
TOTAL $4,438.9 $3.300.3 $3,232.5 $3,207.0 $2,973.1 -$233.9
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$1,206.4 $1,242.1 $1,174.3 $1,173.3 $1,280.0
$3,232.5 $2,058.2 $2,058.2 $2,033.7 $1,693.1
Office Of Cooperative TOTAL $4,438.9 $3,300.3 $3,232.5 $3,207.0 $2,973.1
Environmental
Mangement
$106.7
-S340.6
-$233.9
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Office Of Cooperative
Environmental
Management
TOTAL PERMANENT UORICYEARS
13.9
13.9
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
15.9
15.9
16.0
16.0
TOTAL UORICYEARS
Office Of Cooperative
Environmental
Management
TOTAL WORKYEARS
14.7
14.7
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
15.9
15.9
16.0
16.0
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MULTIMEDIA
Cooperative Environmental Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,973,100 supported by 16.0 total workyears
in 1993. Of the request, $1,280,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
Appropriation and $1,693,100 will be for Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $106,700 and . 1 in total workyears
from 1992 in the Salary and Expenses appropriation and a decrease of $340,800 in
Che Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
COOPERATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,973,100 supported by 16.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,280,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,693,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $106,700 and .1 in total workyears
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a decrease of $340,600 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The increase in Salaries and
Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs.
This program will continue to develop a national program that identifies,
documents, and disseminates information on selective exemplary environmental
practices; establishes a national network of environmental technical experts;
expands EPA's academic and vocational infrastructure through environmental
management institutes; maintains essential support to the Administrator's
National Advisory Council for Environmental Policy and Technology Transfer
(NACEPT) and its committees and oversees the response to recommendations accepted
by the Administrator; and identifies and promotes the development and use of
needed new and innovative environmental technologies through appropriate
cooperative efforts with organizations and institutions outside EPA by
identifying and initiating efforts to remedy administrative and other barriers
to the development and use of needed new environmental technology.
In addition, this program will continue to seek and assess new and existing
environmental technologies outside of the Agency for possible use by the Agency
or by others and will do so with the assistance of experts in academia;
technological leaders in business and industry; and in other Federal, State and
local agencies.
1992 Proeram
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,207,000 supported by 15.9
total workyears for this program of which $1,173,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,033,700 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. The program is continuing to develop a national agenda
Ibo identify, document and disseminate selected environmental "best practices"
8-43
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that constitute model approaches worthy of replication; establish a national
network of environmental experts and communication focal points at the Federal
and state levels of government; expand EPA's academic and vocational
infrastructure ties through the development of regionally based cooperative
environmental management institutes; and create and staff the Administrator's
National Advisory Council for Environmental Policy and Technology Transfer to
address issue areas of national concern. In cooperation, with Program and
Regional Offices, and State and local agencies, this program will continue to
identify and promote innovative environmental management and implementation
strategies through ongoing program development activities and demonstrations.
In cooperation with the Office of Research and Development (ORD), it will promote
and support activities required by the Federal Technology Transfer Act of 1986
(FTTA) and the President's Executive Order 12591 to accelerate the development
and commercialization of needed new (environmental) technology. In addition,
this program will manage the Administrator's National Small Community Regulatory
Outreach program.
This program also is seeking and assessing new and existing environmental
technologies outside of the Agency for possible use by the Agency or by others
and is doing so with the assistance of experts in academia; technological leaders
in business and industry; and in other Federal, State and local agencies.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $4,438,900 supported by 14.7 total
workyears, of which $1,206,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $3,232,500 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
During 1591, the program promoted, and supported the Federal Technology Transfer
Act of 1986 and Executive Order 12591; supported a wide array of new program-
specific, Region-specific and Agency-wide initiatives to improve the
implementation of EPA programs through improved information sharing within and
outside the Agency; supported the university-led consortia to assess the efficacy
of newly developed environmental technologies and promoted the commercialization
of those technologies found to be needed and efficacious; maintained a program
to disseminate case studies of environmental best practices; and maintained a
network of technology transfer focal points in each Headquarters and Regional
Office and in each state; created and staffed the Administrator's National
Advisory Council for Environmental Policy and Technology. The Office also
managed the Administrator's National Small Community Regulatory Outreach Program
and the National Network for Environmental Management Studies (NNEMS) graduate
fellowship Program.
This program sought and assessed new and existing environmental
technologies outside of the Agency for possible use by the Agency or by others
with the assistance of experts in academia; technological leaders in business and
industry; and in other Federal, state and local agencies.
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MULTIMEDIA
Multimedia Training Grants
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Academic Training
Abatement Control and $1,345.8 $1,000.0 $1,000.0 -$1,000.0
Compliance
TOTAL $1,345.8 $1,000.0 $1,000.0 -$1,000.0
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and $1,345.8 $1,000.0 $1,000.0 -$1,000.0
Compliance
Multimedia TOTAL $1,345.8 $1,000.0 $1,000.0 -$1,000.0
Training Grants
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MULTIMEDIA
Academic Training Grants
1993 Budget Request
The Agency requests no resources for this activity.
1992 Program
In 1991 the Agency allocated $1,000,000 from the Abatement Control and
Compliance appropriation for this program to provide training grants for
training state and local environmental officials.
Congressional Directives. A total of $1,000,000 is available for
Congressionally directed Academic Training.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, a total of $1,345,800 was obligated for Congressionally
directed Academic Training Grants.
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MULTIMEDIA
Pollution Prevention
ACTUAL
1991
PRES.
BUDGET
1992
ENACTED
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
REQUEST
1993
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1993 VS 1992
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Pollution Prevention
State Grants
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Office of Pollution
Prevention
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Pollution Prevention
Projects
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
$6,000.0 $6,000.0
$6,000.0 $6,000.0
$1,671.8 $1,671.8
$1,225.3 $1,225.3
$2,897.1 $2,897.1
$3,000.0 $3,000.0
$3,000.0 $3,000.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Pollution Prevention
Activities
TOTAL
$1,671.8 $1,671.8
$10,225.3 $10,225.3
$11,897.1 $11,897.1
PERMANENT UOftKYEARS
Office of Pollution
Prevention
TOTAL PERMANENT WORICYEARS
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Office of Pollution
Prevention
TOTAL UORKYEARS
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
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MULTI-MEDIA
Pollution Prevention Activities
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,897,100 supported by a total of 21
workyears for 1993, an increase of $1,129,700 from 1992. Of the request,
$1,671,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriations and $10,225,300
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This increase
represents an increase of 129,700 in the Salaries and Expenses and 1,000,000 in
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
OFFICE OF POLLUTION PREVENTION
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,897,100 supported by 21 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,671,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,225,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $129,700 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation.
The Pollution Prevention Division (PPD) will place special emphasis on
promoting the implementation of established pollution prevention policies. The
data and analysis activities will seek to improve the Agency's knowledge on a
wide range of opportunities in EPA's regulatory, planning, and budgeting
processes to support pollution prevention as the environmental strategy of
choice. The PPD will also focus on exploiting opportunities to promote pollution
prevention through the implementation of reauthorized laws. Outreach activities
will encourage use of information as a means of promoting voluntary pollution
prevention by industries for whom pollution prevention may offer an economical
alternative to present management practices or compliance with environmental
regulation. The PPD will use the multi-media focus of the Office of Pollution
Prevention and Toxics (OPPT) and its expertise on toxic substances to identify
additional opportunities for pollution prevention in the industrial sector.
In 1993, the PPD will continue data analysis supporting policy, strategy,
and program development to expand and focus on the use of pollution prevention
through Agency programs. A major 1993 function will continue to be the
coordination of Regional and state program support to manage, evaluate and
disseminate the results of grants. The PPD will also continue to coordinate
Federal and international activities to promote pollution prevention in other
agencies and to exchange ideas and approaches with other nations.
This activity was transferred from the Office of Policy, Planning and
Evaluation (OPPE) to the Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances
(OPPTS) in 1992.
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19-92 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,267,400 supported by 21
total workyears, of which $1,542,100 is from .the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and $2,725,300 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This activity v/as transferred from the OPPE to OPPTS in 1992.
The associated resources are located in the OPPE table for 199'',
Thw PPD will continue to implement the national pollution prevention
program, including implementation of its responsibilities under PPA/90. Outreach
activities will include the dissemination of information to other Federal
agencies, the public, state and local governments, and industry. A labor pilot
project; will target a few key unions, who will identify candidate sites where
training or technical assistance could be provided. Finalization of the Agency
Consumer Strategy will become available via Federal Register. Working through
the Pollution Prevention Policy Council and Executive Committee, the PPD will
implement the requirement of Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 to "...review
regulations of the Agency prior and subsequent to their proposal to determine
their effect on source reduction." OPPT has a strategy for investment in Clean
•iir Act: regulations, and is currently involved in regulation development. The
ijxtir.-ucural funds will be used for technological and economic assessment of
prevention approaches.
Congressional Directives A total of $1,500,000 in 1992 was for the
Congressionally-directed project for the New Jersey Institute of Technology.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency developed a process that assures full and explicit
consideration of pollution prevention opportunities in the Agency's development
of regulations. To mobilize actions outside the Agency, the Pollution Prevention
Division (PPD) implemented an aggressive outreach program involving business and
industry, citizen and consumer organizations, and all levels of government in
promoting the nation's pollution prevention efforts. Finally, PPD, working with
other Federal agencies, developed a program for promoting pollution prevention
by providing information to the public on the environmental implications of
consumer products. In 1991, this activity was located in OPPE under the
Agency Management media with the associated resources.
POLLUTION PREVENTION STATE GRANTS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total $6,000,000 supported by no workyears for this
program, all of which will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,000,000 from 1992.
In 1993 the resources will be used to expand the demonstration programs and
Agency support and assistance to state and local environmental programs seeking
to implement pollution prevention strategies developed by the Agency in response
jko Congressional directives, for the agricultural, energy/transportation,
consumer, and Federal sectors.
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This activity was transferred from the Office of Policy, Planning and
Evaluation (OPPE) to the Office'of Preventibn, Pesticides and Toxic Substances
in 1992.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $5,000,000 supported by no workyears
for this program. The entire $5,000,000 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1992, these resources will fund approximately 14 new pollution
prevention applications for specific industries, geographic environments, or
pollutants that are transferrable to states, localities and the private sector.
Awards will be made on the basis of a competitive process to assure that dollars
are distributed to the most promising and most effective pollution prevention
efforts. OPPT will also fund evaluations of these grants, a conference to
promote the results, as well as information dissemination activities for states,
localities , and other entities. •;j/,
This activity was transferred from OPPE to OPPTS in 1992. The resources are
located in the OPPE table for this activity in 1992
Congressional Directives A total of $2,000,000 is for the Congressionally-
directed state grants.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $8,408,900 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These
resources funded approximately 32 new pollution prevention demonstration
programs. The demonstration programs provided innovative pollution prevention
applications for specific industries, geographic environments, or pollutants that
are transferrable to states and localities. Awards were made on the basis of a
competitive process to assure that dollars were distributed to the most promising
and most effective pollution prevention efforts. This was EPA's third national
competition to fund grants for pollution prevention activities. OPPE funded
evaluations of these grants, a conference to display the results, as well as
information dissemination activities for states, localities and other entities.
EPA worked with states and state institutions to provide pollution prevention
training and a communications vehicle among states.
In 1991, this activity was located in OPPE under the Agency Management
media and the associated resources are located in that .table.
Congressional Directives A total of $4,000,000 is for the Congressionally-
directed state grants.
POLLUTION PREVENTION PROJECTS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,000,000, all of which will be for the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
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The Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 requires EPA to develop and implement
a strategy that promotes source" reduction. One feature of the Agency's program
is the Pollution Prevention Set Aside program. Under the Set Aside, the Agency
has established a pool of extramural resources, and identified 25 Pollution
Prevention projects that involve virtually every program in the Agency in a broad
array of prevention approaches.
The Agency identified 25 Pollution Prevention Set Aside projects for 1991,
1992 and 1993. The vast majority of these projects have Regional components.
Activities include environmental education, pollution prevention research and
demonstration, technical assistance to small business, work with State and local
govornir>H>-ji:s, and promoting prevention through existing regulatory and enforcement
programs. The projects involve working with releases into a variety of
enviroruneutal media, and promoting prevention approaches in energy, agriculture,
the Federal sector and the consumer sector.
Some of these specific projects will carry over into subsequent years,
while others will be completed in 1993. The availability of Regional Abatement,
Control and Compliance (AC&C) funds for Pollution Prevention provides an
unprecedented opportunity for the Agency to focus on high priority environmental
PJ.oi-\; .-urm . Regional offices are best situated to identify multi-media approaches
i.i>voIv.i-,.!£ innovative and non-regulatory approaches that cut across traditional
program boundaries. Regions will identify high risk environmental problems
through comparative risk evaluation and strategic planning and address these
problems with prevention solutions, including education, training, demonstration
projects, technical assistance and multi-media enforcement. These resources
might also be focused on implementing the Pollution Prevention sectoral
strategies for energy, agriculture, the Federal sector and the consumer sector.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,000,000. The entire
$3,000,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1992, AC&C dollars continue to support high priority Region-specific
projects and initiatives which allow the Regions to respond effectively to
unanticipated situations. Examples of these projects include local outreach
activities, strategic planning, environmental education, data integration,
technology transfer, and cross-media enforcement efforts. The numerous pollution
prevention Regional projects funded include: waste minimization projects,
support for local government recycling activities, state/local government Clean
Air Act outreach activities, and multi-media enforcement projects.
The resources are in the Environmental Review and Coordination function within
the Enforcement table.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $3,000,000 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1991, AC&C dollars supported Region-specific projects and high-priority
initiatives. Efforts included implementing the strategic plan, integrating media
^program data, continuing state and local outreach activities, and supporting the
PRegions in solving geographically-specific environmental problems. The Regions
8-51
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continued to incorporate pollution prevention initiatives in raulti-media decision
making, priority-setting and planning. Efforts included establishing community
outreach programs, conducting pollution prevention audits, and providing seed
money for special projects and initiatives involving the states, academia,
industry and environmental groups. The resources are found in the Environmental
Review and Coordination function within the Enforcement table.
8-52
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MULTIMEDIA
ENFORCEMENT
Enforcement Policy and Technical Support 8-53
Enforcement Policy and Operations 8-55
Criminal Enforcement Program 8-60
Technical Support 8-64
Federal Facilities Enforcement 8-66
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MULTIMEDIA
Enforcement Policy & Technical Support
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED
1991 BUDGET 1992
1992
CURRENT REQUEST
ESTIMATE 1993
1992
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1993 VS 1992
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Technical Support
Office of Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Enforcement Policy &
Operations
Dumping Fund
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Reregiotrntion and
Expedited Processing
Ocean Dumping Act
OU Spills Trust Fund
Criminal Enforcement
Program
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Oil Spills Trust Fund
Federal Facilities
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Reregistration and
Expedited Processing
Ocean Dumping Act
Oil Spills Trust Fund
Enforcement Policy &
Technical Support
TOTAL
$4,683.0 $5,325.7 $5,173.9 $5,006.9 $5.714.2 S707.3
$2,623.5 $2,466.5 $2,466.5 $2,265.1 $1,981.4 -$303.7
$7,306.5 $7,792.2 $7,640.4 $7,292.0 $7,695.6 . $403.6
$22,373.0 $24,516.1 $23,002.5 $23,509.9 $25,908.2
$2,083.0 $3,517.0 $3,517.0 $3,448.1 $3,816.5
$222.1
$118.2
$290.8
$115.0
$63.2
TOTAL $24,796.3 $28,033.1 $26,519.5 $27,363.8 $29,787.9
$4,674.0 $6,026.9 $5,620.2 $5,787.2 $10,097.8
$133.1 $472.1
$8.2
TOTAL $4,674.0 $6,026.9 $5,620.2 $5,920.3 $10,578.1
$1,244.1 $1,704.0 $1,783.5 $1,793.9 $2,294.0
$191.7 $200.0 $200.0 $196.1 $692.9
TOTAL $1.435.8 $1.904.0 $1,983.5 $1,990.0 $2,986.9
$32,974.1 $37,572.7 $35,580.1 $36,097.9 $44,014.2
$4,898.2 $6,183.5 $6,183.5 $6,062.4 $6,962.9
$222.1
$118.2
$290.8
$115.0
$71.4
TOTAL $38,212.6 $43,756.2 $41,763.6 $42,566.1 $51,048.5
$2,398.3
$368.4
-$290.8
-$115.0
$63.2
$2.424.1
$4,310.6
$339.0
$8.2
$4,657.8
$500.1
$496.8
$996.9
$7,916.3
$900.5
-$290.8
-$115.0
$71.4
$8,482.4
PERMANENT MORKYEARS
Technical Support
Office of Enforcement
Enforcement Policy &
Operations
Dumping Fund
•riminal Enforcement
Program
60.3
72.7 72.7 70.3 78.4
360.8 412.9 412.9 396.5 408.1
48.8 73.7 73.7 76.1 110.5
8.1
11.6
34.4
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MULTIMEDIA
Enforcement Policy & Technical Support
ACTUAL ERES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Federal Facilities
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
19.5
469.4
31.5
31.5
32.4
34.1
590.8 590.8 575.3 631.1
1.7
55.8
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Technical Support
Office of Enforcement
Enforcement Policy &
Operations
Dumping Finn!
Criminal Enforcement
Program
Federal Facilities
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS
64.6
72.7 72.7
70.3
78.4
390.1 412.9 412.9 412.2 408.1
48.8
20.1
73.7
31.5
73.7
31.5
76.1 110.5
32.9
34.1
523.6 590.8 590.8 591.5 631.1
8.1
-4.1
34.4
1.2
39.6
Enforcement Policy & TOTAL
Technical Support
S222.1
$290.8
-S290.8
8-54
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MULTIMEDIA
Enforcement Policy and Technical Support
Budeet Request
The Agency requests a total of $51,048,500 supported by 631.1 total
workyears for 1993. Of the request, $44,014,600 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,962,900 will be for the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation and $71,400 for the Oil Spills Response
appropriation. This request represents increases of $7,987,700 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $900,500 for the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation and 39.6 total workyears for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation.
ENFORCEMENT POLICY AND OPERATIONS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests $29,787,900 supported by 408.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $25,908,200 and 407.3 workyears will be for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $3,816,500 will be for the Abatement,
Control, and Compliance appropriation, and $63,200 and 0.8 workyear is for the
Oil Spills Response appropriation. This request represents an increase of
$2,398,300 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $368,400 for the
Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation, and $63,200 for the Oil
Spills Response appropriation, and an increase of 0.9 for Salaries and
Expenses workyears and 0.8 for Oil Spills Response workyears from 1992. Total
workyears include: 7.0 for Federal facility Regional legal support; 1.0 for
the Mexican Border initiative; 1.0 for Integrated Data for Enforcement
Analysis (IDEA); 2.0 from the conversion of the Reregistration and Expedited
Processing Revolving Fund; a transfer out of 10.7 workyears to the Criminal
Enforcement Program for Headquarters legal support to consolidate the legal
and investigative resources; and a net increase of 0.6 workyears which
reflects a base restoration for the program and a transfer out to provide a
core civil investigator workforce at the National Enforcement Investigations
Center. The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects
costs associated with the additional workyears requested and increased
personnel and support costs. The increase in the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation reflects several initiatives including international
activities for the Mexican Border, and more effective enforcement through
comprehensive case screening, targeting, and data integration. The workyear
increases are related to data integration activities, international
activities, and legal support for Federal facility compliance.
The goal of this program is to respond to instances of non-compliance
with environmental statutes with consistent, timely, and effective enforcement
actions. Resources requested by Headquarters and the Regions reflect
anticipated workload for administrative enforcement actions, new and ongoing
civil and criminal Judicial litigation and enforcement initiatives related to
improving the effectiveness of national enforcement efforts, such as multi-
media and geographic initiatives.
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Headquarters staff will continue efforts of 1991 and 1992 to integrate
the data management systems of the Agency, facilitating access to compliance
information across media, industries, pollutants, or geographic areas.
Increase of 2.0 workyears will provide focus on: 1) user support, system
modification and enhancement, and training to promote widespread use of data
integration as an innovative enforcement tool, and 2) enforcement and related
international activities along the United States Mexican Border (e.g.,
training for investigative personnel).
The increase in Abatement, Control, and Compliance is requested to
support initiatives focusing primarily on international activities for the
Mexican Border, and data integration to facilitate user access, documentation,
software maintenance, and enhanced capabilities. Base contract resources have
been adjusted to facilitate efforts in support of Agency priorities.
The Regions will place emphasis on a number of multi-media and/or cross -
media program initiatives (i.e., Great Lakes, Chesapeake Bay, and Gulf of
Mexico) expanding implementation of an integrated multi-media enforcement
program. Regional legal staff will continue to focus on enforcement
activities in support of major statutory requirements and media programs.
Higher projected levels of administrative orders, civil judicial referrals,
and ongoing litigation will require legal support. In addition to new
enforcement actions under the Oil Pollution Act, the Regions will provide
legal support to enforcement actions related to the Resource Conservation
Recovery Act (RCRA), the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), the Clean Air
(CAA), the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), and reregistration requirements of
FIFRA 88. In particular, enforcement actions will be taken against facilities
with illegal underground injection wells and violators of the new Surface
Filtration Rule. Regional legal resources will also respond to growth in the
numbers of criminal investigations, referrals, and indictments, which are
expected to occur, as a result of the expansion of the criminal investigation
program.
In the Regions, an additional 7.0 workyears are requested to provide
legal support to negotiation and enforcement of Federal Facility Interagency
Agreements and base closure activity.
At Headquarters, 2.0 workyears will continue work on enforcement
activities resulting from reregistration requirements of FIFRA 88 legislation.
Funding for these positions will come from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
Under the Oil Spills Response appropriation, civil enforcement resources
would be involved in the Oil Spill Response Plan initiative. OE will issue a
spill penalty policy. OE will continue to take an "of counsel" role in
Regional OPA enforcement cases and removal orders, as well as section 311(j)
inspection and response plan activities.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $27,363,800 supported by 414.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $23,509,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, $3,448,100 is from the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation, $290,800 is from the Reregistration and Expedited
8-56
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Processing Fund, and $115,000 is from the Ocean Dumping Fund. Total workyears
include 407.2 from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, 5.0 from the
Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund, and 2.0 from the Ocean
Dumping Fund.
The 1992 enforcement, program reflects the implementation of
recommendations of both the Enforcement Four-Year Strategic Plan and the
Enforcement in the 1990's study. Implementation efforts at Headquarters
include: regulation review for emphasizing enforceability; support to
targeting enforcement actions through an Agency-wide data integration project;
expanded emphasis on training, through the National Enforcement Training
Institute, especially for attorney, inspector, case development, and legal
expertise training; increased focus on communicating enforcement actions to
create a deterrent impact in the regulated community; increased networking
within the Agency; improved coordination with units of government involved in
environmental enforcement; support of enforcement initiatives of media
offices; increased emphasis on innovative use of EPA's enforcement
authorities, such as contractor listing, environmental auditing and pollution
prevention measures; targeting and screening of cross-media enforcement
actions for the most appropriate enforcement response to violations via a
screening capability in Regional offices; and expanded efforts in detecting
and resolving multi-media environmental violations in the areas of criminal
enforcement and Federal facility enforcement.
Headquarters staff, with Regional input, are developing national civil
judicial, administrative, and criminal enforcement policies that ensure
consistent and appropriate application of environmental statutes.
Headquarters staff are also playing a major role in developing proposed
reauthorization provisions for CWA, SDWA, and RCRA. A Memorandum of Agreement
with the Coast Guard and the Department of Justice is being negotiated
regarding enforcement of oil spills, as well as review of regulations
involving new statutory authorities. Headquarters staff are participating in
a number of geographic initiatives, such as the Great Lakes Initiative, to
reduce toxic and other harmful loadings in the Great Lakes basin, and
enforcement actions aimed at preventing further pollution loading of the
Chesapeake Bay, or pollutant-specific initiatives such as lead.
Air enforcement work will concentrate on the new enforcement provisions
of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, including procedures for expanded
administrative enforcement authority (including administrative penalties and
field citations), guidance for new citizen suit provisions, and development of
compliance certification requirements. The areas of acid rain, permit
programs, and air toxics control will be addressed in key rulemaking which
will require review to assure enforceability. A multi-media enforcement
initiative will be undertaken to reduce emissions from the high priority
industries. RCRA enforcement work will focus on efforts to increase the
targeting of enforcement actions on a industry-specific, pollutant-specific,.
geographic basis, and targeting enforcement against owners/operators of
hazardous waste facilities (non-notifiers). Nationally significant litigation
will be supported, as well as case-specific, geographic, and industry-specific
enforcement targeting. Continued enforcement effort will be placed upon
addressing the President's goal of no net loss of wetlands through a Wetlands
Enforcement Initiative undertaken jointly with the Department of Justice and
the Army Corps of Engineers. Headquarters staff is working with the Office of
8-57
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Wetlands Protection and the Army Corps of .Engineers on issuing the final
Wetlands Delineation Manual.
Regional legal resources are being directed to support multi-media
enforcement initiatives. Innovative Regional techniques for targeting and
case screening to achieve environmental results will be an enforcement focus.
Emerging multi-media enforcement and geographic initiatives will cause a
significant shift of Regional legal resources to high risk areas. The Regions
will have the responsibility for initiating new enforcement actions based upon
major statutory, regulatory, and programmatic directives. Follow-through of
cases on the civil judicial docket will continue as well as support for
administrative actions in all media. At the start of 1992, 686 active consent
decrees were being monitored to ensure compliance with their provisions.
Headquarters and Regions have primary responsibility for implementation
of enforcement actions resulting from reregistration requirements of FIFRA 88
legislation. Headquarters legal staff are providing support in the
development of enforcement response policies, strategies, and guidance to
assist Regions in reregistration enforcement activities. Regional Counsel
staff are providing legal support to negotiations and enforcement actions
related to the Ocean Dumping legislation.
1991 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $24,796,300 supported by 392.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $22,373,000 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, $2,083,000 was from the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation, $222,100 was from the Reregistration and Expedited
Processing Revolving Fund, and $118,200 was from Ocean Dumping Fund. Total
workyears included 386.3 from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, 3.8
from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund, and 2.3 from
the Ocean Dumping Fund.
A major achievement in 1991 was the implementation of a number of
the innovative recommendations in the Enforcement in the 1990's study.
Implementation of the recommendations included: the issuance of guidance on
effective enforcement communication; inclusion of recommendation on
State/Federal relationships; preparation of a regulatory development training
course; and development of innovative enforcement networks.
The enforcement program continued aggressive pursuit of environmental
violators through the use of a broad spectrum of enforcement tools, achieving
the highest level of enforcement actions in the history of the Agency. EPA
referred to the Department of Justice (DOJ) for prosecution 393 civil judicial
cases addressing violations of environmental laws, of which 164 were CERCLA
cases. EPA's criminal enforcement program referred a total of 81 criminal
cases to DOJ in 1991, of which 2 were CERCLA referrals.
The enforcement program saw growth in the number of active judicial
consent decrees being monitored by Regional legal staff to ensure compliance
with settlement provisions -- from 646 at the beginning of the year to 686.
Where non-compliance with the terms and conditions of a consent decree was
found, the Agency initiated contempt proceedings with the court to compel
compliance. EPA initiated 14 such contempt actions.
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Preliminary statistics indicate that a record amount in civil judicial
penalties were assessed in 1991. Penalty actions and fines particularly
worthy of note are: the largest penalty to date for violations of Section 165
of the Clean Air Act and the regulations regarding Prevention of Significant
Deterioration (PSD) ($625,000 from American Cyanamid); a significant penalty
collected for auto painting (ozone) violations under the Clean Air Act ($1.5
million from General Motors); the largest fines collected for TSCA
($17,000,000) for environmental audits under the TSCA Section 8(e) Compliance
Audit Program; significant penalties assessed under RCRA (Formosa Plastics,
$3,375,000; Dupont, $1,850,000; and Vineland, $1,200,000); Clean Water Act
settlements of over $11 million in enforcement actions against Wheeling-
Pittsburgh Steel, Pfizer, Inc., and Roll Coater, Inc.; and a precedent-setting
SDWA civil penalty, the largest to date (E.BCO Company, Inc.). Criminal
penalties assessed prior to suspension totaled $14,120,387. training was
delivered to both Federal, State, and local enforcement personnel related to
the Clean Air Act Amendments, RCRA, and the Non-Administrative Proceeding Act
Consolidated Rules.
A near record number of facilities were added to EPA's List of Violating
Facilities under the authorities provided to EPA by Clean Air Act Section 306
and Clean Water Act Section 508, to bar facilities that violate clean air or
clean water standards from receiving Federally funded contracts, grants, or
loans. The contractor listing program as a compliance tool continued to be
used effectively against facilities in 1991. Nineteen (19) facilities were
listed based on criminal convictions -- one short of the record set in 1990.
Ten (10) facilities were removed from the list during 1991.
The enforcement thrust of 1991 gained momentum through enforcement
initiatives including:
innovative settlements such as: a lead air pollution settlement
involving three supplemental environmental projects: a multi-media
environmental compliance and management audit of plants in two Regions;
a pollution prevention project reducing the use of 1,1,1,
trichloroethane (a solvent and degreaser used at the plant).; and a
pollution reduction project designed to minimize lead oxide waste.
implementation of a multi-media Lead Initiative with the simultaneous
filing of numerous judicial and administrative cases.
management of a collaborative effort Enforcement in the 1990's Project
culminating recommendations for the enforcement program related to
multi-media enforcement, risk-based targeting, and environmental
enforcement indicators.
strategic targeting of enforcement responses in enforcement initiatives
related to Land Disposal Restrictions, Lead Enforcement, and
Export/Import Enforcement Cluster.
implementation of Oil Pollution Act Delegations of Authority for
administrative penalty orders.
initiation of enforcement actions to support the CWA Pretreatment,
Chesapeake Bay, Great Lakes, and Lead Initiatives.
-------
Regional legal enforcement resources were also devoted to administrative
and criminal enforcement actions in support of media program enforcement
priorities, follow-through of cases on the ongoing 'docket, and tracking of
consent decree provisions to ensure compliance. Effective use was made of
administrative penalty provisions under CWA and SDWA. In RCRA, enforcement
efforts concentrated on corrective action requirements, and closure and post-
closure requirements,
Headquarters legal staff were also involved in the development of
response policies and strategies for FIFRA reregistration requirements, and
supported regional staff in enforcement actions. Regional Counsel staff
provided legal support to negotiation of enforcement and compliance agreements
for violators of ocean dumping permits.
CRIMINAL ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,578,100 supported by 110.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $10,097,800 and 110.3 workyears will be
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $472,100 will be for the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and $8,200 and 0.2 workyears
will be for the Oil Spills Response appropriation. This represents an
increase of $4,310,600 and 34.2 total workyears from 1992 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, $339,000 in the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation, and $8,200 and 0.2 total workyears in the Oil Spills Response
appropriation. The increase of 34.4 total workyears includes 24.0 for new
criminal investigators; and a net transfer of 10.4 workyears to reflect the
restructure of the Criminal Enforcement program, as required by the Pollution
Prosecution Act. These actions consolidate the investigative, legal, and
support staff (i.e., administrative, clerical, budgetary and information
systems) to improve the national direction and focus of the Criminal
Enforcement program. The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
reflects costs associated with the additional workyears requested and
increased personnel and support. The increase in the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation reflects the transfer of resources for the Criminal
Information System and the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC)
from the Technical support program.
The criminal investigative staff perform the following major functions:
screening of all investigative leads and development of significant
leads into cases;
referral of appropriate leads to other law enforcement agencies, and
pursuit of Joint investigations when circumstances warrant;
development of information in support of grand jury inquiries;
support to grand jury decisions on indictment/information;
support to cases for resolution through trial or pleading;
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management of the criminal judicial docket and criminal information
index; and
training of Federal, State, and local law enforcement personnel and
regulatory agencies in the investigation of environmental crimes.
The criminal legal staff perform the following major functions:
development and implementation of national criminal enforcement
policies, including coordinating with other Federal agencies, to ensure
a consistent and appropriate application of environmental statutes;
providing legal support for criminal investigations and case
development, including processing of criminal case referrals to the
• Department of Justice;
draft/comment on proposed legislation and regulations to ensure
enforceability and consistency with criminal procedural safeguards;
support Regional and Headquarters media programs to ensure appropriate
use of criminal investigative and enforcement tools;
train EPA Special Agents, Regional and Headquarters personnel, and State
and local law enforcement and regulatory agency personnel, in the
prosecution of environmental statutes; and
along with EPA criminal investigators, coordinate with other Federal
departments and agencies, as well as foreign Federal and provincial
governments, to deter noncompliance with international obligations.
The additional criminal investigators requested will strengthen
environmental enforcement; enforce the criminal provisions of the reauthorized
Clean Air Act; and target violators of key Agency Geographic and Ecological
Initiatives, to include the Chesapeake Bay, Great Lakes, Wetlands, Gulf of
Mexico, and Caribbean areas. Investigators will pursue significant leads of
potential criminal violation of environmental statutes concentrating on those
violations involving the greatest risk to human health or the environment.
These agents will enable the Office of Criminal Enforcement (OCE) to
concentrate on transboundary, Canadian and Mexican, movements of hazardous and
toxic substances (e.g., maquiladoras industries located on the U.S. side of
the Mexican border), illegal hazardous waste disposal cases, improper fill of
wetlands, and violations of the Clean Water Act.
The additional workyears will allow the Agency to comply with the
requirement of the Pollution Prosecution Act to have 110 criminal
investigators on-board by September 30, 1993, which are funded by both the
Salaries and Expenses and Superfund appropriations. The Agency will achieve
this goal by hiring new investigators throughout 1993. These resources will
respond to the changing nature of the program based on Congressional emphasis
on criminal enforcement as enabling legislation is reauthorized. Congress has
provided options for criminal prosecution in addition to those which exist for
civil prosecution. Misdemeanors have become felonies, potential fines have
been increased, and maximum jail sentences have been lengthened. Additional
agents are requested due to the emerging trend toward investigations of larger
8-61
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facilities and major incidents which requires special agents from more than
one Region to provide an adequate investigative force.
An effective Criminal Investigations program requires unique expense
costs for undercover operations, purchase of information or evidence, support
vehicles, guns and ammunition, and specialized equipment such as night scopes
and monitoring devices. A significant cost of the program is Administratively
Uncontrollable Overtime premium which is based on the investigator's full
salary. These S&E costs have been included in our request.
The Criminal Enforcement program acts to deter forcefully criminal
violations of environmental laws and regulations by demonstrating to the
regulated community that knowing and willful statutory violations will be met
with harsh sanctions in terms of both fines and jail sentences. Such
deterrence contributes to pollution prevention as facility operators realize
they can go to jail if they pollute illegally. The publicity generated by
criminal cases as Control Disposal (CEO of a city's pretreatment program
sentenced to three years in jail) and International Paper Company (corporation
fined $2,200,000) creates a ripple effect of Voluntary compliance. Criminal
investigations and enforcement constitute a highly visible and effective force
in the Agency's enforcement strategy. As environmental statutes have been
reauthorized with new or enhanced criminal authorities, the Criminal
Enforcement program has become a more integral part of EFA's enforcement
efforts. Program priorities are based upon Agency guidance, the Agency's
Enforcement Four-Year Strategic Plan, individual media program compliance, and
Regional office enforcement strategies.
OCE works in close cooperation with State environmental crimes units,
other Federal law enforcement agencies and the military investigative service,
effectively multiplying the visibility and deterrence of criminal enforcement
in the environmental protection arena.
Under the Oil Spills Response appropriation, OE will continue its
participation in the development of program regulations and guidance for
enforcement responses, criminal provisions, cost recovery claims with the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER), and Office of Water (OW)
enforcement components.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,920,300 supported by
76.1 total workyears for the Criminal Investigations program, of which
$5,787,200 is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and $133,100 is
from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. The criminal legal
staff is contained in the Enforcement Policy and Operations program.
The Criminal Enforcement program continues to give priority to health
and ecological risk, as it did in the Agency-wide Lead Initiative launched
last July and in the Chesapeake Bay Initiative all last year. Highest
priority is given to investigations, cases, and remedial actions having the
highest potential for preventing environmental harm and protecting public
health. The Criminal Enforcement program is emphasizing:
8-62
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rigorous criminal investigations, particularly with respect to potential
or documented willful violations of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA), Clean Air Act Amendments (especially air toxic
strategy), toxics in all media, and municipal and pretreatment
compliance.
Federal facility compliance. A number of precedent-setting criminal
investigations such as Rocky Flats or Lockheed Corporation have
heightened interest by the Departments of Defense and Energy and other
Federal agencies in meeting environmental standards.
continuing the improvement in case management through more efficient use
of investigative resources and greater accessibility of criminal
investigators to Regional staff and Assistant U.S. Attorneys.
close partnership with State environmental crime units and other Federal
law enforcement agencies. Assisting and training States in building
their own criminal enforcement capability leverages limited Federal
staff resources and effectively multiplies the visibility and deterrent
message of criminal enforcement of environmental statutes.
improved information access, technical investigation, and evidence audit
support.
working with the U.S. Sentencing Commission task force which has been
directed to complete thorough investigations of environmental law issues
before releasing new sentencing guidelines.
The Criminal Enforcement program will continue to focus attention on
Federal facilities compliance. To date, there have been twenty cases
involving Federal Facilities, or contractors at Federal facilities, of which
ten are for violations of the non-superfund environmental statutes. Eleven
of these cases (six involving Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
violations) are currently open and are actively being investigated or awaiting
trial.
1991 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $4,674,000 supported by 48.8 total
workyears for the Criminal Investigations program, all of which was from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The criminal legal staff is contained in
the Enforcement Policy and Operations program.
Emphasis was placed on rigorous criminal enforcement of willful
violations of RCRA, air toxic strategies, toxics in all media, and the Clean
Water Act. Priority was given to investigations and cases with the greatest
apparent potential for preventing environmental harm and protecting public
health, such as the prosecution of Puregro Co. Inc.. and North Bennington
Board of Water Commissioners. OCE continued its commitment to concentrate on
larger facilities and major incidents.
Emphasis was also placed on increasing the effectiveness of Federal
environmental enforcement and coordination. Examples include: signing the
Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Federal Bureau of Investigations
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which is expected to greatly improve the coordination with the Bureau as they
continue to actively investigate environmental crimes; and participation in
the drafting of the new Federal Sentencing Guidelines which would have
required compliance-related relief as a condition of probation. New emphasis
was placed on investigating Federal facility compliance.
State and local capabilities to detect, investigate, and prosecute
environmental crimes were significantly enhanced through training courses
provided at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center. In furthering the
Agency's priority for international environmental enforcement and pollution
prevention, OCI implemented a new initiative on criminal enforcement involving
international shipments of waste and hazardous substances.
OCE established records for most categories of criminal enforcement
activity. There were 81 criminal referrals (previous record was 65 in 1990),
bringing charges against 104 defendants (the previous record was 100 in 1990),
and the number of months of jail time to which defendants were sentenced was
963 months (the previous record was 745 months in 1990). The 48 criminal
cases successfully prosecuted during 1991 resulted in the conviction of 82
defendants (of which 28 were sentenced to incarceration), and $14,100,000 in
fines assessed (compared to $11,552,000 in 1989). 1991 continues the
Agency's pattern of steady increases in cases referred to the Department of
Justice for criminal prosecution of environmental crimes.
TECHNICAL SUPPORT
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,695,600 supported by 78.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $5,714,200 will be for Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,981,400 will be for the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $707,300 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, a decrease of $303,700 for the Abatement,
Control, and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 8.1 total workyears
from 1992.
The implementation of the Pollution Prosecution Act will necessitate a
growth in technical support resources. An increase of 2.0 workyears is
requested to provide technical support for additional criminal investigators.
An increase of 5.0 new workyears for civil investigators is requested, along
with a base reprogramming of 3.0 workyears. A base redirection of -1.9
workyears for administrative and technical support has been transferred to the
Office of Criminal Enforcement program. The Salaries and Expenses increase of
$707,300 reflects increased personnel costs. The Abatement, Control, and
Compliance net decrease of $303,700 represents base redirections to support
the Agency's high priority Geographic and Ecological Initiatives and transfer
the funding for the Criminal Information System and Federal Law Enforcement
Training Center (FLETC) to the Criminal Enforcement Program.
The National Enforcement and Training Institute (NETI) will focus on:
establishing a permanent physical identity, including the further
development of training facilities on the East coast;
8-64
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increasing course development and delivery; and
filling the additional staffing requirements'necessitated by these
initiatives.
The National Enforcement Investigation Center (NEIC) will continue to
provide high quality technical support to the Agency's enforcement program in
developing cases that have precedent-setting implications; have multi-Regional
and/or multi-media impacts; require the innovative applications of engineering
and scientific technology to resolve complex pollution issues; or exceed a
Region's technical capability or resources. NEIC will also provide Federal
and State enforcement personnel with training on multi-media investigations;
work with EPA Regional Environmental Services Divisions to build their field,
laboratory, and multi-media support capabilities; and provide technical
assistance to the Regions on complex multi-media investigations and facility
audits. A team of experienced civil investigators is being recruited and
trained by NEIC to provide support to multi-media enforcement investigations.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $ 7,292,000 supported by 70.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $5,006,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,285,100 is from the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation.
NEIC serves as the principal source of technical expertise within the
Office of Enforcement. As such, the Center provides leadership within th'
enforcement community to enhance field and laboratory capabilities internal
and external to the Agency. Upon development of specific enforcement tools,
the NEIC will be looked upon to transfer the knowledge, skills, and abilities
to the EPA Regional Offices, States, and local agencies within the enforcement
community.
NEIC will provide technical consultation and assistance to meet the
Agency's enforcement goals and objectives through information and data reviews
and analysis; reconnaissance inspections; field investigations; laboratory
analyses; evidence audit support; report preparation; training; supplemental
technical information development; fully defensible evidence and work products
meeting all chain-of-custody and document control requirements; fact and
expert technical testimony; and expertise in negotiating the technical aspects
of consent decrees. NEIC is procuring and outfitting a permanent facility to
house the NETI Western campus.
By the end of 1992, NEIC plans to have a core civil investigator
workforce of 10 agents to incrementally implement the Pollution Prosecution
Act. Their primary duty is to gather evidence for administrative or judicial
case development and subsequent enforcement proceedings.
1991 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $7,306,500 supported by 64.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,683,000 was from the Salaries and
[Expenses appropriations and $2,623,500 was from the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation.
8-65
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NEIC used data integration tools and methodologies to promote targeting
and multi-media investigations. Enforcement targeting incorporates the
results from analyses of industrial sectors, corporations, pollutants,
geographical areas, and risks to human health and the environment. NEIC
continued to provide support to the EPA civil and criminal enforcement
programs including support to selected FBI investigations. Multi-media
compliance investigations were conducted at numerous Federal and non-Federal
facilities. The first NETI training courses were held at NEIC and two civil
investigators were hired.
FEDERAL FACILITIES ENFORCEMENT
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,986,900 supported by 34.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,294,000 will be for Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, and $692,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $500,100 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation for Federal workforce costs in 1993, a
$496,800 increase in the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation, and
an increase of 1.2 total workyear from 1992. The 1.2 workyear and increased
contract dollars will support the Agency's Federal Facility multi-media
program, in particular environmental compliance activities within the
Chesapeake Bay and Great Lakes.
The Office of Federal Facilities Enforcement (OFFE) will place added
emphasis on a national program to ensure that Federal Facilities and
Government-Owned-Contractor-Operated (GOCO) facilities conduct their
activities in an environmentally sound manner and comply with all applicable
environmental statutes and regulations. This will include the prevention and
control of air, water, or soil contamination at facilities on lands they
control. Support will be provided to coordinate Agency media programs to
encourage Federal facilities to take mitigative actions where their operations
could endanger human health or the environment.
Headquarters will oversee the multi-media enforcement strategy for
Federal Facilities environmental compliance. The strategy will provide Federal
agencies with guidance on their environmental responsibilities, give technical
assistance and training to implement these responsibilities, and provide
guidance to the Federal sector in initiating waste minimization and pollution
prevention actions.
Headquarters will manage the Federal Facilities Tracking System (FFTS)
to give a national listing of Federal facility trouble spots. The prioritized
enforcement component will focus Regional enforcement and oversight resources
on Federal facilities which have historical compliance problems, current
violations with respect to human health or the environment, or who would have
a high visibility deterrence value.
Regional personnel will continue implementation of the Federal
Facilities multi-media enforcement strategy. The strategy will contain two
major components: technical assistance and tracking, and prioritized
enforcement. The technical assistance and tracking component will include:
8-66
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inspection and compliance activity tracking through a nationally coordinated
FFTS. Federal Facility Regional staff will coordinate.an EPA compliance team
to inspect Federal Facilities. EPA reviews will include Federal Facility
sewage treatment plants and solid waste disposal facilities. The Federal
Facilities program will emphasize ongoing efforts in the Chesapeake Bay, Great
Lakes Program, Puget Sound, and improving Federal agencies environmental
compliance in these key geographic areas. Prioritized enforcement will focus
on targeted priority facilities and sensitive areas using risk, historical
non-compliance, and deterrence value as the planning criteria. Negotiated
schedules and remedies will reflect the
relative risks posed by media-specific violations thereby providing the
Federal Facilities with a priority-based approach to achieving compliance.
Abatement, Control, and Compliance dollars will continue to support FFTS, and
auditing and inspection training.
EPA will negotiate 14 additional Federal Facility Compliance Agreements
(FFCA). The FFCA's allow Federal agencies to achieve environmental compliance
at their sites with EPA assistance and coordination. These agreements allow
EPA and the Federal Facility to work cooperatively towards an agreed upon goal
of compliance. EPA will monitor Federal Facility compliance with 84 existing
FFCA's.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $1,990,000 and 32.9 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,793,900 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and $196,100 is from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
Headquarters is overseeing the multi-media enforcement strategy for
Federal Facilities environmental compliance. This strategy will provide
Federal agencies with guidance on their environmental responsibilities, give
technical assistance and training to implement these responsibilities, and
provide guidance to the Federal sector in initiating waste minimization and
pollution prevention actions.
Headquarters will manage the FFTS to give a national listing of Federal
facility trouble spots. The prioritized enforcement component will focus
Regional enforcement and oversight resources on Federal facilities which have
historical compliance problems, current violations with respect to human
health or the environment, or who would have a high visibility deterrence
value.
Regional personnel are implementing the Federal Facilities multi-media
enforcement strategy. This strategy will contain two major components:
technical assistance and tracking, and prioritized enforcement. The technical
assistance and tracking component will include inspection and compliance
activity tracking through a nationally coordinated FFTS. Federal Facility
Regional staff will coordinate an EPA compliance team to inspect Federal
Facilities. EPA reviews will include Federal Facility sewage treatment plants
and solid waste disposal facilities. Particular emphasis is being placed on
improving Federal agencies environmental compliance in the Chesapeake Bay,
Great Lakes Program, and Puget Sound. Prioritized enforcement is focussing on
targeted priority facilities and sensitive areas using risk, historical non-
8-67
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compliance, and deterrence value as the planning criteria. Negotiated
schedules and remedies will reflect the relative risks -posed by media-specific
violations thereby providing the Federal Facilities with a priority-based
approach to achieving compliance. Abatement, Control, and Compliance dollars
will continue to support the FFTS, and auditing and inspection training.
EPA plans include negotiating 14 FFCAs. EPA will also monitor Federal
Facility compliance with 70 existing FFCA's.
1991 Accomplishments
The Agency allocated a total of $1,435,800 supported by 20.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,244,100 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $191,700 was from the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation.
Support was provided to develop the Federal facilities multi-media
enforcement strategy. OFFE worked with various Agency offices to coordinate
the development of a multi-media strategy which addressed air, water, and soil
contamination at targeted Federal Facilities. Regional personnel were trained
to conduct environmental audits and inspections as part of an EPA team.
Abatement, Control, and Compliance resources supported the FFTS and A-106
tracking.
Headquarters conducted oversight of the multi-media enforcement strategy
for Federal Facilities environmental compliance. This strategy provided
Federal agencies with guidance on their environmental responsibilities, gave
technical assistance to implement these responsibilities, and provide guidance
to the Federal sector in initiating waste minimization and pollution
prevention actions.
Headquarters also managed the FFTS which is a national listing of
Federal facility trouble spots. The prioritized enforcement component focused
Regional enforcement and oversight resources on Federal facilities which had
historical compliance problems, current violations with respect to human
health or the environment, or who would have had a high visibility deterrence
value.
Regional accomplishments includes implementing the Federal Facilities
multi-media enforcement strategy. This strategy contained two major
components: technical assistance and tracking, and prioritized enforcement.
The technical assistance and tracking component included: inspection and
compliance activity tracking through a nationally coordinated FFTS.
Prioritized enforcement is focussing on targeted priority facilities and
sensitive areas using risk, historical non-compliance, and deterrence value as
the planning criteria. Federal Facility Regional staff coordinated an EPA
compliance team which inspected Federal Facilities. EPA reviews included
Federal Facility sewage treatment plants and solid waste disposal facilities.
EPA successfully negotiated 6 signed FFCAs. EPA monitored Federal
Facilities compliance with 70 existing FFCA's (53 with Department of Defense
(DOD), 7 with Department of Energy (DOE), and 10 with other agencies). EPA
issued 11 RCRA Section 3008 (h) Administrative Consent Orders and 2 RCRA
Section 3008 (h) Unilateral Orders against 1 DOD and 1 DOE facility.
R-fiR
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9. TOXIC
SUBSTANCES
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate •
Table of Contents
TOXIC SUBSTANCES 9-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT .
Toxics Substances Research 9-10
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Toxic Substances Financial Assistance 9-26
Asbestos-in-Schools Loans and Grants 9-27
Toxic Substances Strategies 9-28
Chemical Testing 9-30
Existing Chemical Review 9-31
New Chemical Review 9-34
Asbestos-in-Buildings 9-36
Regional Toxics Program 9-38
OPTS Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know 9-40
ENFORCEMENT
Toxic Substances Enforcement 9-44
Toxic Substances Enforcement 9-45
Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants 9-47
OPTS Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Enforcement . 9-49
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PR£S.
BUDGET
1992
ENACTED
1992
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
DIFFERENCE
CURRENT -
ESTIMATE ENACTED VS EST. VS EST. VS
1992 PRES. BUD PRES. BUD ENACTED
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
TOTAL, Toxic Substances
S52,8*4.0 550.806.5 351,221.4 -52,037.5 -SI,622.6 3414.9
S51.441.2 S91.481.2 391,206.5 340.040.0 339,765.3 -S274.7
315,002.0 314,419.6 314,398.7 -3582.4 ' -3603.3 -320.9
3119,287.2 3156.707.3 S156.826.6 337,420.1 337.539.4 3119.3
PERMANENT WORKYZARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
891.9
891. 9
891.9
891.9
876.8
888.8
-13.1
-3.1
-13.1
-3.1
SALARIES AND EXPENSES
o The FY 1992 Current Estimate reflects increased workforce costs.
ABATEMENT. CONTROL AND COMPLIANCE
o The FY 1992 Current Estimate reflects Agency reprogrammings and Congressional Add-
ons of 534,000,000 for Asbestos Loans and Grants; 52.700,000 for asbestos worker
training; and 54,140,000 for lead activities.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
o In view of the Administrator's interest in Food Safety/Neurotoxicology, additional
funds have been made available to increase the research efforts in three major
topic areas identified by FCCSET: identification of susceptible populations.
neurodegenerative diseases, and in-vitro neurotoxicology.
9-1
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
DIFFERENCE
PRES. CURRENT
BUDGET ENACTED ESTIMATE ENACTED VS EST. VS EST. VS
1992 1992 1992 PRES. BUD FRES. BUD ENACTED
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Salaries & Expenses 352,844.0 S50,806.5 $51.221.4 -32,037.5 -SI.622.6 S414.9
Abatement Control and SSI,441.2 591,481.2 291,206.5 340,040.0 339,765.3 -$274.7
Compliance
Research & Development $15,002.0 $14,419.6 $14,398.7 -SS82.4 -S603.3 -320.9
TOTAL, Toxic Substances 5119,287.2 $156,707.3 $156,826.6 $37,420.1 $37,539.4 $119.3
PERMANENT WORKYEARS 891.9 891,9 878.8 -13.1 -13.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS 891.9 891.9 888.8 -3.1 -3.1
SALARIES AND EXPENSES
o The FY 1992 Current Estimate reflects increased workforce costs.
ABATEMENT. CONTROL AND COMPLIANCE
o The FY 1992 Current Estimate reflects Agency reprograomings and Congressional Add-
ons of 334,000,000 for Asbestos Loans and Grants; $2,700,000 for ssbestos worker
training; and $4.140,000 for lead activities.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
o In view of the Administrator's interest in Food Safety/Neurotoxicology. additional
funds have been made available to increase the research efforts in three major
topic areas identified by FCCSET: identification of susceptible populations,
neurodegenerative diseases, and in-vitro neurotoxicology.
9-2
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MEDIA BRIDGE TABLE
(dollars in thousands)
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
SAE ACAC RAD TOTAL
1992 CURRENT ESTIMATE: $51,221 $91,207 $14.399 $156.827
Changes by Category:
Workforce Costs (+/-) $5.506 $0 $0 $5.506
Legislative Initiatives (+/-) $0 $300 $0 $300
Program Initiatives (+/-) $0 $4.900 $500 $5.400
Discontinuation of Specific
Increases to FY 1992 Request (-) $0 -$41,040 $0 -$41,040
Other (+/-} $0 -$24 -$65 -$89
1993 REQUEST: $56,727 $55,343 $14.834 $126.904
9-3
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
I. OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The toxic substances media includes responsibility for environmental
programs implemented under five major statutes, with an emphasis on reducing risk
associated with toxic chemicals. The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) is
designed to protect human health and the environment from unreasonable risks
arising from the manufacture, processing, distribution, use or disposal of new
or existing chemical substances. The Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 (PPA/90)
requires the promotion of a cross-media and multi-sectoral approach to pollution
prevention. The Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA), requires
inspection for and abatement (if necessary) of asbestos in all public and private
schools, and requires EPA to examine similar asbestos exposure issues in public
and commercial buildings. The Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA)
authorizes EPA to provide financial assistance in the form of loans or grants to
local education agencies (LEAs) to conduct asbestos abatement projects in school
buildings. Finally, section 313 of Title III of the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA) requires manufacturing facilities that emit toxic
materials to report those emissions to EPA, and requires EPA to collect and
provide those data to the public through electronic and other means.
The focus of the toxics program is to reduce the unreasonable risks of
toxic chemicals from a multi-media perspective with special attention to
pollution prevention. The toxic substances program contributes widely to multi-
media program initiatives with other EPA offices, both at Headquarters and in the
Regions, and supports Agency pollution prevention and risk reduction efforts.
The initiatives presented in the 1993 toxic substances budget request were
developed around and directly relate to such broad Agency themes as pollution
prevention, geographic-specific environmental protection programs, cluster
approaches to environmental concerns, international environmental programs, and
improved knowledge bases. Requested increases for Regional and state programs
are designed to broaden the impact of a number of toxic substances media programs
and to direct the emphasis of those programs on local concerns. In addition, two
important cross-cutting goals are to ensure strong toxic substances enforcement
and research and development support.
II. 1993 PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
The Existing Chemical program is central to the Office of Pollution
Prevention and Toxics (OPPT) emphasis on risk reduction. This program is
responsible for characterizing the risks to human health and the environment
posed by existing chemicals, and where unreasonable levels of risk are
identified, to take appropriate action to mitigate those risks. In 1993, in
addition to managing the risk review of hundreds of chemicals, the existing
chemical review program incorporates two important initiatives expanding its risk
reduction and pollution prevention emphasis. The first is the lead risk
abatement effort. While EPA will continue to support the ongoing lead-in-paint
program that EPA and the Department of Housing and Urban Development have
-------
implemented, the additional resources will be directed to several new areas.
First, OPPT will establish a system to identify and respond to geographic-
specific instances of unusually high lead exposures to children. Second, OPPT
will implement public outreach and education programs with respect to reducing
human exposure to lead. Third, through both regulatory and non-regulatory
approaches, OPPT will restrict the use of lead in specific products where
unreasonable risk exist and encourage safe lead recycling. Finally, OPPT will
issue standards, guidelines and technical assistance for the abatement or in-
place management of lead. OPPT will work cooperatively with Regional office
staff, with other EPA offices, other Federal agencies and departments, and the
states.
The second initiative focuses on pollution prevention in the industrial
sector. OPPT will direct efforts to identify and promote pollution prevention
in instances where chemical use choices are made by industry. Specifically, OPPT
will identify certain industry sectors and processes, such as paint stripping,
for possible pollution prevention applications. OPPT will examine the risks
associated with the chemicals used in these sectors and processes and define
opportunities (e.g., chemical substitution, process changes) for pollution
prevention to effect safer uses wherever possible. This information will then
be used as a basis for hazard communications, technology transfer and possible
regulatory development.
The Toxic Substances - Regions program includes several initiatives that
complement or closely parallel initiatives found in the Existing Chemical
program. First, OPPT requests a resource increase to expand the lead risk
management program to the Regions. The lead strategy requires a principal focus
for implementation at the local level. The Regional offices will play leading
roles in identifying and responding to geographic hot spots of lead exposure,
implementing public awareness and education programs, and encouraging and
implementing environmentally-sound recycling programs. Second, resources are
requested to provide Regional support to the Agency's "33/50" and existing
chemical program. The 33/50 program fosters voluntary industry pollution
prevention efforts to realize a 33% emissions reduction in 17 specified chemical
by 1992 and a 50% reduction by 1995. The Regions are particularly important in
working closely with industries within their jurisdictions, and in developing
state toxic-use reduction program linkages, to advance pollution prevention
activities in general, based in this case on encouraging the 33/50 program. This
program was developed at a national level to demonstrate its potential; full
implementation on a broader scale requires Regional resources. In addition,
these resources will be used to develop Regional implementation strategies for
reducing the risks of additional existing chemicals using the cooperative
pollution prevention approach used in 33/50 as a model.
Similarly, the OPPT-Emergency Preparedness and Community Right-to-Know Act
(EPCRAj programs in both Headquarters and the Regions include several significant
pollution prevention initiatives. The EPCRA program will play a major role in
the implementation of both the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 (PPA/90) and
amendments to the Clean Air Act. A significant infusion of resources,
particularly in the EPA Regions, is requested to provide outreach and technical
assistance on the new PPA/90 requirements, which call for more in-plant data
related to reuse and recycling in each facility. In a related initiative, OPPT
will expand its activities in data integration and public access with respect to
the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) database. OPPT has gained critical experience
9-5
-------
in providing public access to chemical information, and OPPT believes there are
substantial pollution prevention benefits to be gained by linking this experience
with both the expanded TRI database and with the chemical knowledge and expertise
OPPT has. OPPT will seek to develop the tools to allow the public access to
chemical information and the ability to use that information effectively.
The TRI database will be used as a source for identifying potential problem
locations and chemicals in implementing a toxic release initiative in support of
the Clean Air Act amendments, which place new emphasis on emergency preparedness.
OPPT will provide technical assistance by identifying chemicals of concern and
supporting technology transfer and risk management through conventional
regulatory approaches. Finally, OPPT will contribute to the Agency's emphasis
on international cooperation by supporting other countries' pollution prevention
and risk reduction programs, and working towards international consensus on
responses to specific chemicals or chemical classes.
III. ENFORCEMENT
The major objective of the Agency's Toxic Substances Enforcement Program
is to maintain an efficient and effective national compliance monitoring program
with appropriate coverage of all enforceable TSCA regulations. The enforcement
program encourages the participation of state agencies which conduct compliance
monitoring inspections under the terms of cooperative enforcement agreements.
There are forty state programs for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) or asbestos
control currently participating in the TSCA cooperative agreement program. State
programs emphasize compliance monitoring of existing chemical control rules,
particularly those for asbestos and PCBs.
Through the cooperative enforcement agreements, state agencies continue to
conduct compliance inspections within their jurisdictions. As a result, EPA
realizes a much greater level of TSCA compliance coverage than would be possible
with only Federal resources. However, states cannot initiate case development
based on inspections conducted by state authorities without meeting certain
strict criteria of equivalency provided for in the law. The Agency is therefore
responsible for case development and prosecution for most detected violations.
A program of decentralization has been ongoing since 1990 to encourage states to
develop TSCA-like authorities so that they can assume more of the TSCA
enforcement burden.
The TRI compliance program continues to mature by developing late-reporter
and data quality compliance programs to reduce false-reporting in the regulated
community. The Office of Compliance Monitoring (OCM) plans to assist states in
developing enforcement programs through a program of state grants to assess
compliance with EPCRA section 313, thereby ensuring greater enforcement coverage.
Data quality compliance activities will be of a highly technical nature and
critical to ensuring the level of quality data necessary for using TRI to make
effective Agency decisions. The late-reporter compliance program will be
effective in achieving more timely compliance with EPCRA section 313.
IV. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
The Office of Research and Development (ORD) continues to support OPPT by
performing research on test method development and validation, exposure
monitoring, structure activity relationships and biotechnology, among other
-------
areas. ORD will also continue to develop risk assessments for oncological and
mutagenic toxicity. Additional research will be performed on neurological and
reproductive toxicity and exposure assessment. Attention will also be directed
at special problems such as those presented by asbestos and lead.
Across the scope of the toxics research program, for example, chemical
testing protocols help to support the development of TSCA section 4 guidelines
and test rules; compile data on health effects from chemical exposures under
Title III of SARA; and study asbestos removal and substitute fibers to assist
public and private sector response through AHERA. Other investigations are more
closely associated with common needs involving premanufacture notification (PMN)
chemical review and problems associated with existing chemicals.
Within the research program, technical support and research findings will
be provided which are directed at discerning and evaluating risks, as well as at
risk reductions technology development with the aim of preventing pollution.
Research approaches will enhance site-specific or geographic specific evaluations
of pollutants where possible to enhance human health status and to protect the
environment. These efforts will provide a general knowledge base to support
Agency decision making and will augment new approaches to assessment such as the
cluster concepts, structure activity relationship (SAR) applications, and
landscape oriented evaluations.
VI. FEES
The toxic substances program will continue to collect PMN fees authorized
by TSCA.
9-7
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
ACTUAL
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE ESTIMATE
1992 1993
INCREASE (+)
DECREASE (-)
1992 VS 1993
Incremental Outputs
Existing Chemical Review
Sec. 8(e) Initial Reviews... 265
Sec. 8(e) Follow-up Reviews. 582
FYI Reviews 74
Preliminary Hazard Screens.. 921
Hazard Screens From Clusters 62
RM1 Cases Developed 19
RM Investigations Begun 3
RM Regulatory Decision Pkgs. 15
Chemical Lists Issued 0
Major Rulemakings 3
SNURs and Minor Rulemakings. 4
PCB Rulemakings 4
PCB Disposal Permits 6
Sec . 21 Responses 7
Sec. 9 Referrals 0
New Chemical Review
Rulemakings 0
New Chemical Submissions.... 1,867
New Chemical Control Actions 181
Biotechnology Notices 3
Biotechnology Control Actions 0
New Chemical SNURs 118
Receipt of Test Data Ill
Bona Fide Submissions 449
Commencement Notices 1, 351
Chemical Testing
ITC Testing Actions 2
Non-ITC Testing Actions 3
Test Guidelines 2
Test Standard Modifications.. 12
Interim Test Program Reviews. 20
Final Test Program Reviews... 9
3200*
500
75
3775*
250
25
5
20
2
7
6
5
6
4
0
2
2,500
200
12
6
150
130
500
1,200
8
5
26
10
3
11
2100*
600
75
2775*
250
30
7
20
2
7
6
3
6
4
0
2
2,500
200
12
6
150
130
500
1,200
5
4
22
15
3
10
-1100
+100
-1000
+5
+2
-2
-3
-1
-4
+5
-1
*Due to the 8(e) Compliance Audit Program (CAP) project, which is a one-time,
voluntary program designed to obtain outstanding section 8(e) data and to
encourage companies to audit their files for information reportable under section
8(e), EPA anticipates a large volume of voluntary 8(e) .submissions in 1992 which
will be reviewed in both 1992 and 1993.
9-8
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ACTUAL
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
ESTIMATE
1993
INCREASE (+)
DECREASE (-)
1992 VS 1993
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
Title III
TRI Forms Received
TRI Forms Processed
Notices of Noncompliance...
Receipt of Corrected Forms.
Petitions Received
On-Site Technical Audits...
Suspect Tech. Data Review..
Rulemakings
87,000
91,000
3,000
25,000
10
0
0
3
Asbestos-in-Schools Loans and Grants
Abatement Projects Funded... 272
Weekly Expos. Hrs. Reduced 19,400,000
Asbestos-in-Buildings
Abatement Projects Closed Out 415
State Waiver Programs
Developed (cumulative) 2
State Accreditation Programs
Developed (cumulative) 32
Enforcement Actions
100,000
108,000
5,000
35,000
10
100
500
3
220
2,100,000
400
2
40
105,000
110,000
5,000
35,000
10
0
500
2
33
200,000
400
2
42
+5,000
+2,000
-100
-1
-187
•1,900,000
+2
EPCRA Inspections
Laboratory Inspections,
Test Study Audits
Inspections, Sec. 5...
Inspections, Sec. 6
PCB Inspections*
Asbestos Inspections*.
Inspections, Sec. 8...,
.68
666
4
7
137
2,125
1,373
129
608
4
7
122
2,175
2,370
129
608
4
7
122
2,175
2,370
129
•''Includes Federal, state and contractor inspections
9-9
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Research a^d
Development
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Toxics Substances Research 9-10
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Research
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Toxic Substance
Research
Salaries & Expenses $11,313.0 $11,258.3 $10,836.6 $10,937.3 $11,982.1 $1,044.8
Research & Development $14,221.4 $15,002.0 $14,419.6 $14,398.7 $14,834.4 $435.7
TOTAL $25,534.4 $26,260.3 $25,256.2 $25,336.0 $26,816.5 $1,480.5
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $11,313.0 $11,258.3 $10,836.6 $10,937.3 $11,982.1 $1,044.8
Research & Development $14,221.4 $15,002.0 $14,419.6 $14,398.7 $14,834.4 $435.7
Toxic Substances TOTAL $25,534.4 $26,260.3 $25,256.2 $25,336.0 $26,816.5 $1,480.5
Research
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Toxic Substance 184.7 184.5 184.5 185.0 185.5
Research
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 184.7 184.5 184.5 185.0 185.5
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Toxic Substance 196.1 184.5 184.5 185.0 185.5
Research
TOTAL WORKYEARS 196.1 184.5 184.5 185.0 185.5
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Research
Principal Outputs
1993 o Report on the development of life-cycle, toxicity tests for pink
shrimp.
o Report of the use of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes to trace
microbial substrates.
o Report on prototype expert system to predict the metabolism of
environmental toxicants.
o Exposure and hazard assessment of small mammals to chemical
contaminants.
o Report on emissions from vinyl asbestos tile buffing.
o Report on development of generic use scenarios for toxic control.
o Report on investigation of mechanisms for dust generation.
o Animal models for assessing the relationship between chemical
exposure and allergy.
o Report on the feasibility of utilizing in vitro methods for the
assessment of neurotoxic effects.
o Report on sex differences in acute reproductive response to
toxicant exposure.
o Summary report on the development and evaluations of
immunochemical methods for environmental monitoring.
o PCR use in monitoring genetically engineered micro-organisms
(GEMs).
o Software and databases for the identification of pollution
prevention opportunities in New Jersey using CIS and TRI database.
L992:o Report on the analysis and interpretation of neurobehavioral
screening data.
o Report on the developmental toxicity of aliphatic acids.
o Report on cross-species sensitivity in mice, rats, and man to
selected genotoxicants as measured by cytogenetic analysis.
9-11
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o Benzene Exposure Assessment Model (BEAM) Simulation for Los
Angeles.
o Report on methods development activities for asbestos monitoring.
o Annual report on biotechnology monitoring research.
o Report on selected improvements in TRI estimates for
electroplating operations.
o Report on alternative dustiness indicators for PMN estimates.
o Report on effects of toxic chemicals on estuarine benthic
macroinvertebrate recolonization rates for a range of sediment
types.
o Report on using site specific aquatic microcosm to study the fare
of GEMs.
o Report on the detection of ecological effects due to
microorganisms introduced to the terrestrial environment.
o Final report on the development of CONCORD, a structure-reactivity
estimation system.
o Report on emission estimates for welding, cutting, and grinding
operations.
o CIS Pollution Estimation Techniques: An Update Including
Adaptations to the 1990 Census Data.
1991:o Motor activity screen for neurotoxicity.
o Report on the cytogenic effects of phosphate exposure in humans.
o Report on the cytogenetic effects of phosphene exposure in humans.
o Scientific and policy review of CFC and HCFC substitutes toxicity
data.
o Report on blood/breath monitoring for total human exposure to
toxic pollutants.
o Methods to structurally identify and candidate specific
environmental chemicals to DNA adducts.
o Report on sampling methodology for bio-aerosols.
o Toxicity models to reduce uncertainty in aquatic hazard
assessments: effects of exposure conditions on pentachloroethane
toxicity of fathead minnows.
9-12
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Report on test methods for an enclosed terrestrial microcosm for
evaluating fate and effects of GEMs in terrestrial systems.
Report on the feasibility of suicide genes for mitigating
environmental releases of genetically engineered microorganisms.
Report on determining dose for small aquarium fish used in chronic
bioassays.
Report on effects of selected organophosphates on Avian
thermoregulation and metabolism.
Report on the biological database for supporting freshwater risk
assessment models.
Guidelines for use of human exposure model in regulatory review
and report on production of reference materials for quality
control.
Report on emissions during removal of vinyl-asbestos tile polish.
Report on the cleaning of asbestos-laden carpet.
9-13
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Research
BUDGET REQUEST
This is a restructured program element from .those identified in the 1992
Budget Request. Resources are identified at the new program element level and
not at the program issue level.
1993 Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $26,816,500 supported by 185.5 total
workyears for 1993, of which $11,982,100'will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $14,834,400 for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $1,044,800 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation $435,700 in the Research and Development appropriation and 0.5
total workyears over 1992.
1992 Budget
The Agency is allocating a total of $25,366,000, supported by 185.C
total workyears for this program element, of which $10,937,300 is from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $14,398,700 is from the Research and
Development appropriation.
1991 Budget
The Agency obligated a total of $ 25,534,400 supported by 196.1 total
workyears for this program element, of which $11,313,000 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $14,221,400 was from the Research and
Development appropriation.
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
The Toxic Substances research program supports the Office of Pollution
Prevention and Toxics Substances (OPPTS) by providing the scientific tools and
supporting information needed to implement the regulatory activity for new and
existing chemicals under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), the Asbestos
Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA), the Pollution Prevention Act, and the
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA).
o Test methods research develops and validates health exposure and
environmental testing protocols to be incorporated into TSCA Section 4
guidelines, risk assessment methods, and analytical methods for
identifying and quantifying environmental pollutants.
o Health research efforts develop methods, extrapolating from high to low
doses between mammal species to enhance risk assessment predictability
and capability. Research also focuses on developing biomonitoring
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techniques and applying biological markers as indicators of exposure a:-.i
effects to the study of populations exposed to toxicants.
Investigations of human populations exposed to environmental pollutants
will help to determine whether biological indicators of dose and/or
effects are related to environmental levels of exposure and if they are
correlated with adverse effects measured by traditional methods.
Ecological research -- including transport, fate, and field validation
focuses on developing and conducting exposure and hazard assessments of
chemicals in water, air, and multimedia environments.
Engineering research focuses on the development of information to
predict the release of and worker exposure to new and existing
chemicals. The program emphasizes research of unit operations and
existing control systems that limit the release of particular classes of
chemicals for which the Agency does not have adequate information. The
results of this technically based research allow for more effective Pre-
Manufacture Notification (PMN) decisions to be made.
Exposure monitoring research develops methods and evaluates data bases
and statistical tools to improve exposure monitoring. Multimedia
monitoring methods and data analysis techniques are designed and tested
to characterize human exposure to chemicals of concern.
Research efforts develop predictive methods (Structure Activity
Relationships (SAR) to provide a tool for determining whether new
chemicals pose unreasonable risk or require further testing. In lieu of
chemical test data, SAR methods are important for reviewing and
screening PMN chemicals under Section 5 of TSCA.
Biotechnology research develops methods to assess the potential health
exposure, risk, and environmental hazards associated with biotecb.nologv
production and products. Methods are being developed to monitor and
control biotechnology products during manufacturing operations and
commercial use.
Methodologies and models determine risks posed to ecosystems by exposure
to environmental pollutants. This program is currently developing
environmental risk assessment protocols for both aquatic and terrestrial
systems which will be used in evaluating risks of new and existing
chemicals.
Research provides support for risk and exposure assessments, quality
assurance, dissemination of reference standards and quality assurance
reagents, as well as expert consultation on problems associated with the
evaluation of PMN chemicals and other toxic substances.
Research evaluates and validates emission-estimation techniques and
monitoring methods to be used by industry and the Office of Prevention.
Pesticides, and Toxic Substances in support of the EPCRA.
Research focuses on evaluating asbestos measurement procedures,
abatement, in-place operation and maintenance and control technologies.
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and development of standardized sampling techniques for asbestos ir.
support of the AHERA.
RESEARCH ISSUES
The sections below describe research program issues by fiscal year
TEST METHOD DEVELOPMENT
1993 Program Request
EPA will develop and evaluate immunochemical techniques for toxic
substances to identify and quantify levels of pollutants in both humans ar.d
the environment in conjunction with the pesticides research activities! This
includes chemometric data analysis of instrument spectra. In the wildlife
program, researchers will assess metabolism of chemicals in freshwater fish
and determine toxicity kinetics and metabolism properties to refine models for
rapid and efficient dose estimates. EPA scientists will develop rooted plant
techniques to assess effects of toxic chemicals in coastal sediments.
Scientists will develop fish and shellfish model systems to screen and monitor
for suspect carcinogen risks. Researchers will study the effects of toxic
chemicals on host-parasite relationships in aquatic organisms and devise
methods to identify biochemical indicators of toxic/carcinogenic potential to
estuarine organisms.
EPA will develop predictive models for use in health risk assessments.
New research will address three major topics identified by committees of the
Federal Coordinating Council on Science, Engineering and Technology (FCCSET)
to support expanded research in the neurotoxicology area: identification of
susceptible populations; neurodegenerative diseases; and in-vitro
neurotoxicology. This research will improve the Agency's knowledge base and
provide tools for more accurate and efficient evaluation of commercial
products for possible neurological effects.
1992 Program
Health researchers in this area are developing bioassay methods for
predicting non-cancer endpoints. The major focus of the program is developing
short-term, cost-effective, predictive methods for detecting the toxic effects
of chemicals. The test systems include methods and bioassay for predicting
adverse health effects such as alterations in reproductive and developmental
processes, immunotoxicity, and neurotoxicity effects.
Instruments, analytical methods, and procedures used to identify and
quantify chemical compounds in environmental media, and biological tissues and
fluids are a major focus. This research emphasizes bioassay, immunochemistry,
multi-residue analysis procedures and development of chemometric approaches to
yield data from instrument spectra not currently possible with conventional
methodology.
EPA researchers are establishing and validating test methods to assess
the impact of chemicals on biota and their habitats. These studies provide a
suite of test methods and testing protocols for a variety of freshwater and
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estuarine/marine species which represent ecologically important groups of
organisms. The Agency uses toxicokinetic and other models to predict
potential risks to humans .and wildlife. Such information directly supports
the development of TSCA Section 4 guidelines for the testing of chemicals.
1991 Accomplishments
EPA conducted studies on the use of motor activity as a screen for
predicting neurotoxicity. These studies determined that laboratory variation
in motor activity testing has minimal impact on the observed results. In
addition, studies were completed on the effects of temporarily removing
newborn animals from their mothers to determine developmental effects. The
results of these studies indicated a need for additional controls to account
for effects on cellular growth of major organ systems and neurobehavioral
effects resulting from manipulation of the newborn animals.
A report has been completed on marsh grass seed germination and seedling
development in contaminated sediments. Methods for the use of laboratory
microcosms for assessing chemical effects to benthic macro-invertebrates have
been revised to account for physical scale effects.
HEALTH
1993 Program Request
In the laboratory and field, scientists will conduct research to
identify suitable markers of exposure that will indicate episodes of exposures
to chemical pollutants. Researchers will develop dosimetry models for oral.
dermal, and inhalation routes of exposure. The Agency will develop and
evaluate techniques to extrapolate between animal and human health effects and
between high and low dose exposures used in animal toxicology.
1992 Program
This research program focuses on ways to reduce uncertainties in risk
assessments. The work extrapolates between animal species and humans and
between high doses used in animal toxicity testing and low doses typical of
environmental exposure. EPA develops dosime-try models for ingestion, dermal
absorption, and inhalation routes of exposure. Biological markers research
focuses on development of indicators of biological dose and resulting effects
for application to studies of human populations.
Agency scientists also evaluate existing biomarkers for their
suitability as indicators of exposure in human health studies. Availability
of these techniques provides flexibility and economy of human exposure
monitoring to chemical pollutants which cannot be studied by conventional
analytical chemistry procedures. Current research investigates the
suitability of markers to identify human exposure to target volatile organic
chemical compounds.
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1991 Accomplishments
EPA conducted research and issued a report evaluating the use of
mammalian cell mutation assays for detecting potential genotoxicity. This
report resulted in the inclusion of these assays in the Mutagenicity Risk
Assessment Guidelines and in the development of mutagenicity data on two
classes of compound (anthraquinone dyes and acrylates).
SPECIAL HUMAN DATA NEEDS
1993 Program Request
This program will provide data to support identification and regulatior.
of existing chemicals with potential human health effects. EPA will conduct
additional research in biochemical epidemiology to identify and evaluate
biomonitoring and screening methods for potential application to human
epidemiology.
1992 Program
Research in this area is providing information to assist in identifying
and regulating existing chemicals with potential human health risks. Agency
scientists are identifying and evaluating biomonitoring and screening methods
for application to human environmental epidemiology.
1991 Accomplishments
EPA completed studies investigating the effects of- phosphine on a group
of professional pesticide applicators. The results of the study identified ar.
increased incidence of chromosomal translocation in exposed workers compared
to unexposed workers. These chromosomal translocation occurred at or near the
sites on affected chromosomes which may correlate with that location of
specific chromosome breakpoints possibly associated with non-Hodgkin's
lymphoma.
ECOLOGY: TRANSPORT/FATE FIELD VALIDATION
1993 Program Request
EPA scientists will conduct research to assess exposure estimation
methods to evaluate microbial and other transformations in water and soils, to
examine equilibrium constants and to validate these techniques using microcosm
and field approaches. Scientists will conduct new research projects to
determine the immunotoxicity of chemicals to terrestrial wildlife and develop
life cycle toxicity tests for selected marine crustaceans. System level
studies will define the structure/function of ecosystems, evaluate their
stability with proper indicators and assess their resilience when stressed.
Researchers will identify patterns of chemical metabolism in plants and
environmental parameters that affect plant toxicity. Results of this research
will assist the regulatory and research community in evaluating if hazards are
prevalent and/or can be avoided.
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1992 Program
Agency researchers are improving environmental process models for
chemical transport and transformation based upon new information about
pollution sources, exposure pathways, exposed populations, and toxicant
levels. Researchers also study toxicant biodegradation pathways with regard
to cometabolisra and chemical mixtures, sensitivity of crustaceans,
recolonization rates, nutrient cycling, comparison of sediment toxicity tests
and establishing impact criteria for marine habitats. Investigations of
terrestrial species focus on toxic effects on immune systems, transfer
mechanisms, toxic effects on reproduction and behavioral change, soil impacts
and SAR applications of chemical induced metabolites in plants, using field
studies as appropriate.
1991 Accomplishments
Scientist analyzed the environmental fate of industrial chemicals and
the evaluation of predictive fate models by comparison with field data. The
database "FATE" contains environmental fate constants for a variety of
industrial chemicals. EPA published significant results of studies on the
fate of benzidine dyes in sediment water systems.
ENGINEERING
1993 Program Request
Agency environmental engineers will complete evaluations of methods fcr
controlling particulates during manufacturing. They also will evaluate
emission estimation methodology from unit operations. In cooperation with
programs under pollution prevention EPA will improve estimation techniques to
derive data for the Toxics Release Inventory and the 33/50 program. EPA
research engineers will have access to manufacturing sites for acquiring badly
needed "real-world" data.
1992 Program
Researchers are concentrating on reducing worker exposure to chemicals
by pollution prevention techniques and engineering controls, and acquiring
predictive data on discharges and exposure levels of unit manufacturing.
1991 Accomplishments
EPA completed a study and issued a report on emission estimates for
welding, cutting, and grinding operations.
EXPOSURE MONITORING
1993 Program Request
To improve current procedures, this program will in conjunction with
multimedia research evaluate human exposure to pollutants via multiple
pathways. Research will evaluate human activity patterns and micro-
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environment studies, and total human exposure modeling and data analysis
techniques using multimedia exposure and human activity pattern information.
1992 Program
The research program includes human exposure modeling and monitoring
studies, the use of biomarkers for exposure, micro-environmental studies, and
the development of statistical tools Co improve total human exposure
monitoring methodology. EPA cests statistical methods for survey design and
data analysis techniques Co support human exposure modeling and conducts
conferences and workshops to achieve international acceptance of methods to
measure and model human exposure to chemical pollutants.
1991 Accomplishments
The Agency developed a national chemometrics conference with published
proceedings and software to identify outliers and explore multivariate data.
The Office also developed total human exposure relational database to
facilitate development and use of exposure models using microenvironmental
concentration distributions, experimental studies, and human activity
patterns. Researchers developed a benzene exposure assessment model and
evaluated a prototype expert system for selecting and implementing
physiologically based pharmacokinetics models for exposure assessments. EPA
also developed biomarker monitoring techniques for acrylamide.
STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS
1993 Program Request
Agency scientists will produce a prototype expert system to predict
toxic effects from chemical structure and will expand databases to cover a
wider range of chemicals to verify predictive toxicicy models. The research
will resulc in kinetic parameters that describe electrophilic reactions
correlated with carcinogenic or mutagenic responses. Research will also
develop expert system prototypes to predict metabolism and reactivity of toxic
industrial chemicals to biological constituents. This will provide databases
and predictive Quantitative Structure Activicy Relacionships/Structure
Activity Relationships (QSAR/SAR) techniques for quickly estimating or
determining chemical toxicity.
1992 Program
EPA is developing methods that use combinations of descriptors based on
molecular structure to predict enzymatic, genetic, carcinogenic, and other
activities of toxic chemicals. Research is being conducted on chemical
databases for use in predicting toxicological responses to new chemicals with
similar structures.
Agency scientists are developing SAR models. They also are developing
improved parameters for predicting biotransformation or persistence of toxic
chemicals. Scientists are studying methods for predicting toxicity mechanisms
and metabolic pathways. Research using reactivity parameters and chemical
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properties is being conducted in conjunction with expert systems to esti~are
photochemical, hydrolytic and other transformation rate coefficients. SAR
research improves the timeliness and scientific validity of the Agency's
evaluation of PMN chemicals under Section 5 of TSCA.
1991 Accomplishments
EPA developed a SAR model for acrylates and other similar compounds.
Acrylates are produced in large volumes for both industrial and commercial use
in products ranging from plastics, paper, emulsifiers, fibers, and other
surfactant coating. This SAR model will assist in determining testing
priorities for acrylates and in the development of risk estimations and
assessments.
Scientists prepared a chronic aquatic toxicity database to support the
development of predictive toxicology models for industrial organic chemicals.
BIOTECHNOLIGY
1993 Program Request
The Agency will develop standard protocols for testing biotechnology
products prior to environmental use or commercialization. The exploratory
work on environmental effects will examine to product applications. The
research program will include projects on microbial detection and enumeration
technology, transport and dispersal mechanisms, survival and colonization.
genetic stability and gene exchange, microbial influence on-ecological
.processes, and control and mitigation procedures. Research will standardize
monitoring procedures and produce guidelines for monitoring routine releases
of biotechnology products into the environment. In addition, EPA will develop
guidance on the environmental application of specific microorganisms and
genetic constructs for risk assessments. EPA scientists will complete
diagnostic method development for assessing ecosystem status including stress
predictors.
Additional cooperative work with Warren Springs Laboratory in England
will enhance the database on bioaerosol emission from manufacturing processes.
The health research program will address the most significant route of
exposure to microbial agents, focussing on pulmonary and immunological
responses. New research will evaluate health risks from biotechnology
applications and develop predictive models for estimating risk. The outcome
of this research will allow more accurate assessment of potential risks from
biotechnology. This activity is in support of the interagency FCCSET program.
1992 Program
The broad based biotechnology research program has ongoing projects in
microbial detection and enumeration technology, transport and dispersal
mechanisms, survival and colonization, genetic stability and gene exchange,
microbial influence on ecological processes, and control or mitigation
procedures. In all areas the program assesses current methodology and
evaluates criteria to assist in the appropriate selection and use of
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biotechnology produces. Where necessary, EPA adopcs methods for applies:Lor.
in situations where field releases of biotechnology products occur. EPA
develops protocols and collects data for use by the regulatory program office
in their evaluation of premanufacture notices for biotechnology products.
EPA's laboratory aerosol survival measurements will produce data to
assess the impact of release of genetically-engineered microorganisms (GEMs)
into the environment. Also, The Agency will identify and describe factors
important in GEM dispersal and persistence are being identified and described.
Engineering control research will complete the sampler and protocol
verification in anticipation of real-world sampling of control technology
.effectiveness in the manufacture of genetically-engineered organisms.
The health research program assesses potential health hazards of
bioengineered organisms. Research efforts focus on identifying interactions
of invertebrate viruses with human and other vertebrate cells.
1991 Accomplishments
EPA issued a report on sampling methodology for bio-aerosols.
Scientists completed a report on test methods for evaluating the fate and
effects of biotechnology products using an enclosed terrestrial microcosm.
Researchers evaluated and reported on the feasibility of suicide genes for
mitigating environmental releases of biotechnology products was completed.
ECOLOGY: ECOTOXICITY .AND RISK ASSESSMENT
1993 Program Request
Research will explore ecological consequences of chemicals at the
community and ecosystem levels. This includes uncertainty analysis in the
ecological risk assessment support system. Model species susceptibility,
including sublethal effects analysis, will continue for xenobiotic chemical
exposure to birds, fishes, mollusks, and other important test animals.
Researchers will use exposure monitoring and validation of chemical effects to
support assessment procedures currently in use. The research effort will lead
.to a useful description of ecological assessment parameters to fill current
data gaps in toxicokinetic and biotic effects analysis.
1992 Program
The research program is designed to produce mathematical models, suppor:
data bases, and develop appropriate protocols to facilitate exposure and
hazard assessments for ecosystems and their components. The experimental
results are then incorporated into computer-based decision support modules
that provide convenient access for technical ecological risk assessors.
Research then adapts known parameters describing release, transport, and
transformation of xenobiotic chemicals to the needs of the dependent
ecological models. Also, they characterize xenobiotic exchange between
individual organisms and their environment using several model systems. Both
lethal and sublethal consequences to individual organisms are being
investigated. EPA will evaluate credible descriptors of the consequences of
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realized biotic effects on populations, communities, and ecosystems for use :
risk assessment determinations.
1991 Accomplishments
Experimental results indicated that the use of toxicity models can
reduce uncertainties in aquatic hazard assessments. Statistical approaches
have been used to predict chronic toxicity of chemicals to fishes from acute
toxicity test data. Scientists developed mechanistic approaches to
determining chemical toxicity in avian species and issued a report on the
effects of dinitrophenol.
SUPPORT
1993 Program Request
The Agency will produce Quality Assurance (QA) guidelines for data
management procedures for bioassays and computerized approaches for risk
evaluation (CARE). This data will be used to assess the need for
environmental and exposure data collected by the program office to assess
exposure will be studied.
EPA will provide technical assistance to OPPTS and Regions (and others)
for such important needs as exposure and risk assessments, preparing updated
TSCA guidelines, and SARA Title III.
The Agency will continue to support the preparation, consultation and
review of OPPT-generated assessments of cancer, mutagenicity, adverse
reproductive/developmental effects, and exposure.. These activities will
support decision-making under TSCA (i.e., existing chemicals, PMN review, and
test guidelines and test rules development).
1992 Program
EPA supports the preparation, consultation and review of OTS-generated
assessments of cancer, mutagenicity, adverse reproductive/developmental
effects, and exposure. These activities support decision-making under TSCA
(i.e., existing chemicals, PMN review, and test guidelines and test rules
development).
Researchers assess essential data needs for development of exposure
assessments routinely conducted by OPPTS. The program will develop QA
procedures for bioassays and produce guidelines for their use. They will
prepare reference compounds to support OTS field studies.
1991 Accomplishments
Research activities included support in the development and review of
generic end-point reproductive, developmental, and neurotoxicity test rules
for a number of chemicals; support to OPPTS-Testing Priorities Group in the
identification of chemicals for the NTP Interagency Testing Group
recommendations; participation in scientific and policy review of
chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and hydrocarbon chlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) substitutes
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toxicity data; preparation and review of new assessments on formaldehyde;
development of methylene chloride workshop; training for five sessions Co
OPTTS scientists and managers on developmental toxicity risk assessment of
chemicals, and support for test rule for aryl phosphates; and support for
Congressional Hearing on GAO Report on Reproductive Health in the Federal
Government.
ORD developed techniques for human population estimates for risk
assessments using CIS and census data and establishing priorities for
pollution prevention opportunities using Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) and
New Jersey Right to Know databases with CIS techniques.
Researchers conducted a variety of special and general support
activities for the Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances.
EPCRA (SARA TITLE III)
1993 Program Request
EPA will provide a compendium of validated sampling and analytical
methods to support environmental and human exposure monitoring investigations
of chemical releases under SARA Title III. Also they will compile information
on analytical methods for SARA Title III chemicals.
In support of SARA Title III, Section 313, EPA will prepare profiles and
install them into the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) to provide
information to various governmental agencies and the public on the health
effects of chemicals released into the environment.
1992 Program
In support of SARA Title III, Section 313, The Agency is preparing and
installing profiles into IRIS which will provide information to various
governmental agencies and the public on the health effects of chemicals
released into the environment.
EPA is developing a compendium of analytical methods for SARA Title III
chemicals and investigates the application of process analytical chemistry
techniques to monitor potential and actual releases of chemical compounds.
Agency researchers continues work with industry to improve the TRI
estimation techniques beginning with the electroplating and metal finishing
segments.
1991 Accomplishments .
EPA identified research needs and established priorities for TRI
emissions estimating procedures.
In support of SARA Title III, Section 313, EPA added approximately 50
chemicals to the IRIS.
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ASBESTOS
1993 Program Request
Agency scientists and engineers will develop, evaluate and standardize
sampling and analysis methods to promote adoption of uniform monitoring
procedures. Researchers will evaluate procedures for monitoring in
microenvironments, such as public buildings, schools, and residences to
determine human exposure to asbestos, refractory ceramic fibers .(RCFs) and
other fibers and study monitoring procedures for building maintenance
practices. Scientist will study abatement activities and their relationship zo
human exposures.
Asbestos research in FY93 will address high priority Agency policy
problems by providing guidance for the care of vinyl asbestos tile floors in
schools and technology to reduce the exposure of workers. The program
includes evaluation of unique removal control technologies fo'r asbestos.
1992 Program
EPA is developing and evaluating procedures to determine human and
environmental exposure to asbestos, refractory ceramic fibers (RCFs), and
other asbestos substitute fibers in selected microenvironments.
The program will stress evaluations of effectiveness of vacuuming
contaminated carpet, long-term effectiveness of asbestos removal activities,
and potential effects of stripping polish from vinyl asbestos tile floors.
1991 Accomplishments
EPA completed studies on measuring emissions during the removal .of
vinyl-asbestos tile polish and on the cleaning of asbestos-laden carpet.
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Abatement and Control
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Toxic Substances Financial Assistance 9-26
Asbestos-in-Schools Loans and Grants 9-27
Toxic Substances Strategies 9-28
Chemical Testing 9-30
Existing Chemical Review 9-31
New Chemical Review 9-34
Asbestos-in-Buildings 9-36
Regional Toxics Program 9-38
OPTS Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know 9-40
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances - Financial Assistance
ACTUAL
1991
PRES.
BUDGET
1992
ENACTED
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
REQUEST
1993
INCREASE *
DECREASE -
1993 VS 1992
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Asbestos-In-School •
Abatement Loans and
Grants
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$40,415.7
TOTAL $40,415.7
$34,200.0 $34,200.0
$34.200.0 $34,200.0
-$34,200.0
-$34,200.0
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Toxic Substances -
Financial Assistance
$40,415.7
TOTAL $40,415.7
$34,200.0 $34,200.0
$34,200.0 $34,200.0
-$34,200.0
-$34,200.0
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Financial Assistance
Budget Request
The Agency requests no funding in 1993 under this subactivity. There is a
decrease of $34,200,000 for this subactivity from 1992, all of which is in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
ASBESTOS-IN-SCHOOLS LOANS AND GRANTS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests no funding for this program in 1993. This represents
a decrease of $34,200,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The Agency has decided not to request funding for this program since states and
local agencies now have the capability to manage asbestos abatement projects. The
financial responsibility for asbestos abatement .now rests with states and
localities. At least 32 states have enacted asbestos-related laws, and nearly
half of the states have financing provisions in their law.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating $34,200,000 for the ASHAA loan and grant
program, all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation,
to help Local Education Agencies (LEAs) with serious financial need to abate
asbestos hazards.
Congressional Directives. A total of $34,200 is for the Congressional-directed
ASHAA loan and grant program, all of which is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, to help LEAs with serious financial need to abate
asbestos hazards.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $40,415,700, for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The ASHAA
loan and grant program awarded financial assistance in the amount of $40,415,700,
to 123 LEAs to perform 272 asbestos abatement projects, primarily removals of
asbestos-containing materials. Since 1985, EPA has provided more than
$291,000,000 for 2,672 individual school abatement projects. These projects
eliminate approximately 19,400,000 hours of exposure to asbestos fibers to
students, teachers and staff each week.
9-27
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Strategies
ACTUAL
1991
PROGRAM
Chemical Testing
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Existing Chemical
Review
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
New Chemical Review
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Asbestos In Buildings
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Regional Toxics Program
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Toxic Substances TOTAL
Strategies ' .
PERMANENT WORK YEARS
Chemical Testing
Existing Chemical
Review
New Chemical Review
Asbestos In Buildings
Regional Toxics Program
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
PRES.
BUDGET
1992
ENACTED
1992
(DOLLARS IN
$3,477.
$2,216.
$5,693.
$9,141.
$11,936.
$21,077.
$9,521.
$7,245.
$16,767.
$1,411.
$11,575.
$12,986.
$558.
$194.
2
4
6
6
3
9
7
6
3
3
5
8
6
3
$752.9
$24,110.
$33,168.
$57,278.
59.
152.
153.
23.
12.
400.
4
1
5
0
4
0
6
4
4
$3,905.
$2,562.
$6,467.
$9,726.
$11,165.
$20,892.
$10,310.
$6,711.
$17,022.
$1,520.
$5,839.
$7,359.
$690.
$250.
S940.
$26,152.
$26,528.
$52.681.
63.
159.
168.
25.
15.
431.
2
3
5
4
7
1
9
2
1
0
6
6
3
0
3
8
8
6
8
1
0
0
1
0
$3,738
$2,562
$6,300
$9,370
$15,305
$24,676
$9,945
$6,711
$16,656
$1,467
$7,539
$9,007
$684
$250
$934
$25,205
$32,368
$57,574
63
159
168
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
REQUEST INCREASE *
1993 DECREASE •
1993 VS 1992
THOUSANDS)
.5
.3
.8
.3
.7
.0
.1
.2
.3
.7
.6
.3
.1
.0
.1
.7
.8
.5
.8
.1
.0
25.0
15
431
.1
.0
$3,738.5
$2.396.8
$6,135.3
$9,152.7
$15,840.2
$24,992.9
$9,669.9
$6,545.7
$16,215.6
$1,467.7
$7.367.3
$8,835.0
$675.1
$247. 1
$922.2
$24,703.9
$32,397.1
$57,101.0
63.8
151.1
158.1
25.0
13.9
411.9
.$4
$2
$6
$10
$12
$22
$10
$6
$16
$1
$5
$7
$1
$1
$2
$27
$28
$55
,090.2
,562.3
,652.5
,035.7
,255.7
,291.4
,511.0
,412.0
,923.0
,592.0
,569.6
,161.6
.061.9
,750.0
,811.9
,290.8
,549.6
,840.4
63.8
153.3
159.4
25.0
20.1
421.6
$351
$165
.7
.5
$517.2
$883
•$3,584
-$2.701
$841
-$133
$707
$124
-$1,797
•$1.673
$386
$1,502
$1,889
$2,586
-$3,847
-$1,260
2
1
6
9
.0
.5
.5
.1
.7
.4
.3
.7
.4
.8
.9
.7
.9
.5
.6
.2
.3
.2
.7
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Strategies
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE •
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
TOTAL WORKYEARS . (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Chemical Testing 59.8 63.8 63.8 63.8 63.8
Existing Chemical 155.3 159.1 159.1 151.1 153.3 2.2
Review
Neu Chemical Review 155.3 168.0 168.0 158.1 159.4 1.3
Asbestos In Buildings 25.6 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
Regional Toxics Program 13.4 15.1 15.1 15.0 20.1 5.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS 409.4 431.0 431.0 413.0 421.6 8.6
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Strategies
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $55,840,400 supported by 421.6 total
workyears for 1993, of which $27,290,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $28,549,600 will be for the Abatement Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,586,900 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an decrease of $3,847,500 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 8.6 total workyears.
CHEMICAL TESTING
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,652,500 supported by 63.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,090,200 will be for Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,562,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $351,700 for Salaries and Expenses,
an increase of $165,500 for Abatement, Control and Compliance, and no change in>
total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased!
personnel costs.
In 1993, the Chemical Testing Program's (CTP's) major program implementation
will be non-Interagency Testing Committee (ITC) multi-chemical rules and an-
international leadership role in the high production volume/screening information
data set (HPV/SIDS) testing program. Additional focus will continue on ITC and
other non-ITC initiatives. Major non-ITC actions being considered in 1993 include
one SARA section 110 rule covering data needs for many of the top 50 National
Priority List (NPL) site chemicals; a rule for health effects testing covering the
air toxic chemicals and many of the SARA section 313 screening chemicals; one
endpoint rule; and one persistent bioaccumulation rule. In 1993, the use of
multi-chemical rulemaking will result in the publication of five proposed rules
which will cover 95 chemicals. This is in comparison to 171 chemicals addressed
in the first 13 years of the program. In 1993, the Chemical Testing program will
continue several activities, including an ongoing dialogue focusing on development
of the Master Testing List (MTL) as a way of articulating a national testing
policy; improving international coordination; developing and/or issuing multi-
chemical test rules; and reenforcing the quality assurance of test data. The SIDS
international testing program will continue to review data on 150 dossiers, 35 of
which are U.S. The remainder of dossiers are from the Organization of Economic
Cooperation and Development (OECD). Data development will continue on the 29th
and 30th ITC lists. In 1993, resources will be allocated to the international
testing program so that the Chemical Testing program will include expert
evaluation of data needs and to implement the changes of the rejuvenated program
to upgrade the international testing program.
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The Agency will also review and update published test guidelines, which is
an essential part of all test rules. In addition, it will proceed with the
development of internationally harmonized test guidelines. Following evaluation
of a candidate list, two new test guidelines will be completed, as well as 20
harmonized test guidelines. Due to the implementation of multi-chemical rules,
there will be an increase of test standard modifications in 1993. Three interim
test program reviews will be completed in 1993, as well as 10 final test program
reviews on 26 chemicals.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,135,300 supported by 63.8
total workyears for this program, of which $3,738,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,396,800 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1992, the ITC testing program will publish initial testing decisions on
five chemicals from the 27th ITC list and six chemicals from the 28th ITC list.
Work is underway on the 29th and 30th lists. Work is underway on publishing four
final rules requiring testing to begin. During the first quarter of 1992, two
final rules have already been published on 79 chemicals.
Major non-ITC actions for 1992 include one rule for SARA section 110
chemicals covering data needs for many of the top 50 NPL site chemicals; an ODW
multi-chemical rule; and a proposed procedural rule to improve the negotiated
testing procedures. Multi-chemical rules anticipated in 1992 include two
Integrated Risk Information System chemical test rules. An update of the MTL will
be released in 1992. OPPT will review and update published test guidelines. Six
new, and 20 harmonized, test guidelines will be completed.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $5,693,600 supported by 59.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,477,200 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,216,400 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
During 1991, a total of two ITC testing actions were completed on six
chemicals. Additionally, three non-ITC rules were completed on 23 chemicals.
There were two test guidelines published in 1991.
EXISTING CHEMICAL REVIEW
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $22,291,400 supported by 153.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $10,035,700 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $12,255,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $883,000 for Salaries
and Expenses, a decrease of $3,584,500 in Abatement, Control and Compliance, and
an increase of 2.2 total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses
reflects increased personnel costs and increased workyears. The decrease in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation reflects 1992 Congressional
9-31
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add-ons not continued because they are low risk activities.
More emphasis will be placed on examining clusters of chemicals rather than
chemical-by-chemical approaches. EPA will also identify specific industry sectors
and use processes, such as paint stripping to encourage pollution prevention. EPA
will examine the risks associated with the chemicals used in these sectors and
processes and define opportunities (e.g., chemical substitution, process changes)
for pollution prevention to effect safer uses of chemicals where possible. In
1993, EPA is requesting 1 total workyear and $1,600,000 to expand implementation
of the Agency's lead strategy. Implementation of the Agency's lead strategy
includes activities such as establishing a system to identify and respond to
geographic "hot spots" involving lead exposure to children; public outreach and
education programs with respect to reducing human exposure; encourage safe lead
recycling; issue standards, guidelines and technical assistance including
accreditation standards for the management or abatement of in-place lead. These
activities will be accomplished through joint Headquarters/Regional efforts, and
in cooperation with other EPA offices, the Department of Housing and Urban
Development (HUD), Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the states.
In 1993, the 33/50 initiative outputs include: encouragement of voluntary
private sector participation in reduction of toxic emissions of 17 certain
chemicals and development of program linkages with state toxic-use reduction
programs that are growing throughout the country.
EPA will continue earlier efforts to study the health and environmental
risks of chemicals that are used as inert ingredients in pesticides. This is a
multi-year project involving hundreds of chemicals of potential concern. EPA will
also evaluate exposure risks associated' with specific indoor air pollutants.
Activities will include ranking chemicals by degree of concern, identifying
products containing such chemicals, developing guidance on toxic emission limits,
and possibly implementing testing and risk management options.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $24,992,900 supported by 151.1
total workyears for this program, of which $9,152,700 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $15,840,200 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The policy and procedural reforms initiated in 1991 in the Existing Chemical
Review program are largely in place. Consistent with the intent of these reforms,
as well as internal Agency strategic planning and policy decisions, a major shift
in focus has been made to the risk assessment and risk management areas of the
Existing Chemical Review program. This revitalization focuses on TSCA's potential
as a major pollution prevention tool, and includes addressing multiple chemicals
in a staged or graduated array of regulatory or non-regulatory risk management
actions.
The Agency will utilize $4,000,000 specifically to address lead exposure in
the environment. In keeping with the intent of the revitalized Existing Chemical
Review program, EPA is taking a comprehensive, multi-media, multi-industry
approach to managing persistent toxic chemicals. The use of lead in a wide
variety of products can pose risks to both users of the products and the general
public, with particular concern for children. Current uses of lead will be
9-32
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evaluated to reduce exposure where unreasonable risk exist, while contamination
resulting from past use of lead must be abated. The Agency is considering the
following current issues: lead-based paint in dwelling interiors, lead in soil
around the home, lead in interior dust, and lead in drinking water. In addition,
risks associated with lead exposure are an increasing concern internationally.
The U.S. has the co-lead in the Organization of Economic and Community Development
(OECD) for risk management activities on lead. This initiative will enable EPA
to offer assistance and leadership in international efforts on lead risk
management.
Other obligatory portions of the Existing Chemical Review program are
maintained during 1992. The processing and screening of TSCA section 8(e)
submissions continues, along with the screening of other new data, such as that
arising from Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) reporting. Due to the 8(e) Compliance
Audit Program (CAP) project, which is a one-time, voluntary program designed to
obtain outstanding section 8(e) data and to encourage companies to audit their
files for information reportable under section 8(e), EPA anticipates a large
volume of voluntary 8(e) submissions in 1992.
The Agency continues to fully support its responsibilities under the EPA/HUD
Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on lead-in-paint and our consent decree
obligations for dioxin, including a final rule on dioxin in paper and data
analyses and risk assessment of dioxin contamination in other chemicals. The PCB
regulatory program will continue, as will PCB and asbestos ban exemptions, PCB
disposal permitting, a maintenance level of funding for the human monitoring
adipose tissue survey, several pollution prevention initiatives begun in 1991, and
the continuation of a state cooperative agreement funding program which was also
•begun in 1991.
In 1992, major emphasis of the Existing Chemical Review program are the
screening of TRI data, identifying candidates for toxicity testing both for
sections 313 and 110 of SARA, and coordinating with other EPA offices, Federal and
state agencies and international organizations in information gathering, risk
assessment, and hazard/risk management efforts. Strategies for risk assessment
or risk management, including both regulatory and non-regulatory approaches as
appropriate, are being developed for selected chemicals or groups of chemicals.
The 33/50 initiative will continue to focus on achieving significant reductions
in the emissions of certain high priority toxic substances. This initiative is
national in scope, is based on voluntary participation by industry, has multi-
media impacts (air, land and water), and is prevention-oriented.
In 1992, rulemaking activities will include final rules for polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCB) disposal, lead brass and bronze fixtures and refractory ceramic
fibers. The Existing Chemical Review program will place emphasis on risk
screening and risk management on groups or clusters of chemicals in similar
industrial use categories.
Congressional Directives. A total of $4,140,000 in 1992 was for the
Congressionally-directed project of lead-based paint studies and support, of which
$1,500,000 was earmarked for worker training.
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1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $21,077,900 supported by 155.3
total workyears for this program, of which $9,141,600 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $11,936,300 was from the Abatement Control and
Compliance appropriation.
During the year EPA introduced initial procedural and policy reforms in the
Existing Chemical Review program. Among the reforms were: (1) concentrating on
certain chemicals or classes of chemicals that are particularly persistent in the
environment; (2) developing generic rules involving classes of chemicals, rather
than a chemical-by-chemical rulemaking approach; (3) cooperating with other
countries to standardize test methods, share risk assessment information, take
international risk reduction actions, and (4) assessing chemicals for possible
regulatory or non-regulatory action earlier in the review process. The EPA and
HUD began a dialogue of cooperative efforts under the terms of an MOU to regulate
lead exposure in residences caused by lead-based paint. However, the EPA
broadened its approach to reducing risks from lead exposure in comprehensive
examinations of all risks from lead exposure via many routes (e.g., urban soil and
interior dust, ambient air, drinking water and disposal of products containing
lead). The Agency established a regular program of risk management (RM) review
meetings to review the risks to human health and the environment associated with
selected chemicals, producing recommendations for a graduated series of non-
regulatory or regulatory actions. Among other major accomplishments, EPA
developed 19 RM1 (first-level risk management review) cases and began three RM2
investigations. In 1991, EPA initiated a major program to encourage the voluntary
reduction of emissions of 17 specified chemicals by a factor of 33% by 1992 ancl
of 50% by 1995. The 33/50 program provided guidance, advice and technical
assistance to industry in its efforts to attain these goals. Agency personnel
conducted 265 initial reviews of information received under TSCA section 8(e) , 582
section 8(e) follow-up reviews, and 74 for-your-information (FYI) reviews. The
Agency produced four Significant New Use Rules (SNURs) and minor rules as a
significant backlog of work was eliminated. EPA staff issued six PCB disposal
permits, made referrals to other Federal agencies and departments for regulatory
review under TSCA section 9, and responded to seven TSCA section 21 petitions.
In 1991, two proposed rulemakings were done on pulp and paper sludge, and
acrylamide and N-methyloacrylamide (NMA); and issued an advance notice of proposed
rulemaking on lead.
NEW CHEMICAL REVIEW
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $16,923,000 supported by 159.4 total
workyears for the New Chemical Review program, of which $10,511,000 will be for
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $6,412,000 will be for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $841,100 for
Salaries and Expenses; a decrease of $133,700 for Abatement, Control and
Compliance; and an increase of 1.3 total workyears. The increase in Salaries and
Expenses reflects increased personnel costs and increased workyears. The
Abatement, Control and Compliance decrease reflects the reprogramming of resources^!
to support the Agency's EPCRA program.
9-34
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In 1993, we estimate receipt of approximately 2,500 new chemical notices
(the same number of notices estimated for 1992). About 200 of the submissions are
expected to result in voluntary or formal control actions. The majority of
notices will be subject to the user fee rule published in 1988, generating
approximately $3,500,000 in revenues for deposit into the General Fund. Over 50%
of all PMNs currently submitted provide additional information detailing pollution
prevention practices and activities being followed by industry. Continued
implementation of the New Chemical Follow-up Rule will enable the New Chemical
Review program to include more new chemicals under SNURs in 1993, thereby reducing
the time margin during which a SNUR can be preempted by the introduction of a
chemical into commerce.
Rulemaking activities in the new chemicals area will focus on finalizing
amendments to the premanufacture notice (PMN) rules. These amendments will
ultimately reduce review costs in future years as limited exemptions from PMN
reporting requirements are promulgated (e.g., increasing the levels permitted
under the low-volume exemption, limiting reporting and review times for
intermediates and polymers, and making certain PMN information binding on
submitters).
Rulemaking activities in the biotechnology area will focus on publishing a
biotechnology notice of proposed rulemaking, and supporting activities needed to
meet a final rule target date of early 1993. Submissions for microbial products
are expected to continue at 12. It is anticipated that most of these submissions
will result in TSCA section 5(e) orders. As with any new program, numerous
questions of policy and review process modifications are anticipated. Scientific
staff will continue to develop assessment tools, data, and guidance documents for
the biotechnology program. These efforts will be coordinated with other EPA and
non-EPA groups.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $16,215,600 supported by 158.1
total workyears for this program, of which $9,669,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,545,700 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1992, the Agency expects new chemical PMN submissions to total 2,500.
The majority of notices are subject to the user fee rule, generating approximately
$3,500,000 in revenues for deposit into the General Fund. We also estimate that
12 notices will be received for microbial products. During the first quarter of
1992, nine biotechnology notices were received; therefore, the number actually
received in 1992 may be higher than estimated. Review procedures for microbial
products are more resource intensive than regular submissions and are expected to
result in TSCA section 5(e) orders on most submissions to require development of
additional information.
Rulemaking activities in 1992 focus on proposing amendments to the PMN rule,
as well as issuance of a broad set of rules to inform the public how EPA proposes
to regulate biotechnology products. Activities in 1992 focus on development of
a needs assessment, and formulation of a coordinated Agency strategy for model
development.
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1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $16,767,300 supported by 155.3
total workyears for this program, of which $9,521,700 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, and $7,245,600 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1991, the New Chemical Review program received 1,867 PMNs for new
chemicals and conducted three biotechnology reviews. 181 of the submissions
resulted in voluntary or formal control actions. The majority of PMNs were
subject to the user fee rule, generating $2,714,100.in revenues for deposit into
the General Fund.
An optical disk document storage system became operational in 1991. This
state-of-the-art technology will provide timely access to documents received and
generated by the program through more efficient storage, automated tracking, and
retrieval. When fully implemented, the optical disk system will reduce costs and
significantly improve productivity over the microfiche system now in use.
ASBESTOS IN BUILDINGS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,161,600 supported by 25.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,592,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and. $5,569,600 will be for the Abatement Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $124,300 for the Salaries and'
Expenses, and a decrease of $1,797,700 for Abatement, Control and Compliance;
there is no change in total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses is
the result of increased personnel costs. The decrease in Abatement, Control and
Compliance reflects the decreased need for implementation and administration
funding for the ASHAA loan and grant program and of funding for the worker and
contractor training and certification program. Many states have now established
asbestos management and contractor accreditation programs for schools and can be
expected to continue to support these programs.
In 1993, the Asbestos in Buildings program will support activities necessary
for Federal, state and local governments and the private .sector to develop and
implement asbesto.s control and management programs. These activities include
continued regulatory and non-regulatory follow-up to the 1990 asbestos-in-
•buildings dialogue, including actions with the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) the and states; joint programs with the General Services
Administration (GSA) for Federal buildings; oversight of asbestos research; and
case studies on asbestos management in industrial and other settings. The Agency
will continue close-out site evaluations of ASHAA loan and grant projects awarded
from 1987 through 1991 and monitor projects awarded in 1992. Under a grant with
the Senior Environmental Employment (SEE) program, EPA will continue to provide
technical assistance to schools and public and commercial building owners.
The Agency will provide other technical assistance, guidance documents and
training materials to assist schools in complying with AHERA rules. EPA will
continue to help states improve their accreditation programs, which they are
required to establish under AHERA, and other state management programs affecting
schools.
9-36
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Funding of cooperative agreements'Co establish and expand state asbestos
accreditation and management programs will continue. This funding provides start-
up monies to help the states establish enhanced, comprehensive asbestos abatement
programs in public and commercial buildings, expanding beyond the focus on
asbestos abatement in schools.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,835,000 supported by 25.0
total workyears for this program, of which $1,467,700 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,367,300 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1992. through a technical assistance grant with the SEE, EPA is
continuing to provide the Regions with qualified staff to assist public and
commercial building owners and enhance state and local program development.
Resources also support continued AHERA accreditation activities, including
technical assistance, updated model training courses, and appropriate AHERA policy
updates. The Agency will continue to monitor the progress of ASHAA loan and grant
abatement projects (about 2,672 individual abatement projects have been funded
through 1991).
The joint research program sponsored by the EPA and the Health Effects
Institute (HEI)', begun in 1989, is continuing, with funding of $750,000. This
research focuses on indoor airborne asbestos levels, and includes funding from a
variety of private interests, such as current and former asbestos product
manufacturers, realtors, building owners and managers, mortgage bankers, labor
organizations and environmental groups.
Congressional Directives A total of $2,700,000 is for the Congressionally-
directed project of funding worker and contractor training and certification
programs.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $12,986,800 supported by 25.6 total
workyears for chis program, of which $1,411,300 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $11,575,500 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
During 1991, EPA staff conducted close-out inspections of ASHAA abatement
projects funded in previous years, and advised school officials with respect to
AHERA requirements.- Appropriate asbestos abatement activities for public and
commercial buildings were implemented under the terms of the Agency's 1988 Report
to Congress. In 1990, EPA funded a research effort with HEI to study indoor
asbestos exposure levels. The Agency also continued funding to the National
Council of State Legislatures (NCSL) for support to state accreditation programs.
9-37
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REGIONAL TOXICS PROGRAM
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,811,900 supported by 20.1 total workyears
for chis program, of which $1,061,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and $1,750,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $386,800 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $1,502,900 for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 5.1 total work years. The increase
in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation includes $1,000,000 for
lead abatement activities and $500,000 for the 33/50 pollution prevention program.
Emphasis in 1993 will continue on enhancing the capabilities of Regions and
states to address problems with PCBs, asbestos, lead, and other toxic pollutants.
Administrative support will be given to new and expanding state implementation as
the states address multi-chemical priority areas identified by TRI. Extramural
funds will provide resources to the Regions to conduct mass mailings, set up
workshops, and develop informational material to support outreach and technical
assistance activities of the Regions. Resources for the 33/50 program will be
used to work with state governments and local facilities to obtain region-specific
participation in the program.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $922,200 supported by 15.0 total
workyears, of which $675,100 is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, anc|
$2^7,100 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Emphasis in 1992 continues on enhancing the capabilities of the Regions and
states to address problems with PCBs, asbestos, and other toxic pollutants. The
national goal for asbestos continues to be reducing exposure to the public from
asbestos in the Nation's schools and developing a risk-based program to address
asbestos in public and commercial buildings. The major role for the Regions is
to assist states, localities, and the private sector by expanding state
enhancement activities through grant assistance for state planning, program
integration and expansion of the worker accreditation program. Extramural funds
provide resources to the Regions to set up workshops and develop informational
material to support outreach and technical assistance activities.
Major goals for PCBs include encouraging state governments to develop in-
house expertise on PCB. disposal, providing technical assistance to industry for
compliance with PCB regulations, supporting implementation of the Notification and
Manifesting Rule, increasing state participation in evaluation of site
considerations in applications for PCB disposal permits, and development of new
monitoring, compliance and enforcement projects. Activities in support of these
goals include the review and approval of PCB disposal permits for stationary
disposal facilities, as well as applications for PCB landfills and incinerators,
and providing technical and risk assessment support for state and local PCB
issues.
-------
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $752,900 supported by 13.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $558,600 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and $194,300 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The Regional program focused on providing technical assistance to the states
in dealing with PCB problems and on enhancing state capabilities in developing PCB
regulatory programs. The focus of the asbestos program was on schools and other
commercial and public buildings, with particular emphasis on strengthening state
programs for accreditation of asbestos professionals. In addition, implementation
of the Asbestos Ban and Phase-Down Rule required extensive Regional efforts to
explain to industry and the general public the requirements of the rule and its
impact.
9-39
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
OPTS Title III
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE •
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
OPTS - EPCRA
Salaries & Expenses $4,912.6 $4.605.8 $4,407.1 $4,924.4 $5,674.4 $750.0
Abatement Control and $12,216.1 $14,839.7 $14,839.7 $14,674.2 $16,939.7 $2,265.5
Compliance
TOTAL $17,128.7 $19,445.5 $19,246.8 $19,598.6 $22,614.1 $3,015.5
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $4,912.6 $4,605.8 $4,407.1 $4,924.4 $5,674.4 $750.0
Abatement Control and $12,216.1 $14,839.7 $14,839.7 $14,674.2 $16,939.7 $2,265.5
Compliance
OPTS - EPCRA TOTAL $17,128.7 $19,445.5 $19,246.8 $19,598.6 $22,614.1 $3,015.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
OPTS - EPCRA 87.3 74.8 74.8 88.7 94.2 5.5
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 87.3 74.8 74.8 88.7 94.2 5.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OPTS - EPCRA 90.6 74.8 74.8 90.1 94.2 4.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS 90.6 74.8 74.8 90.1 94.2 4.1
9-40
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
EMERGENCY PLANNING AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $22,614,100 supported by 94.2 total workyears
for this program, of which $5,674,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $16,939,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This' represents an increase of $750,000 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation; an increase of $2,265,500 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation; and an increase of 4.1 total workyears. The increase
in Salaries and Expenses and workyears reflects the program's data quality
initiative and the provision of technical assistance and guidance to Regional
offices, states, and industry. These increases reflect Regional involvement in
the implementation of PPA/90, as well as the expanded Regional role in performing
increasing amounts of technical assistance, technical transfer, and outreach
activities for TRI.
In 1993, the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) program will continue to
emphasize data quality and expanding the use of the TRI data by state and local
governments, other EPA offices, and industry. Additional resources will support
in-depth, multi-media audits of several of the largest emitters reporting on TRI.
In addition, the data quality initiative will include a multi-media health and
environmental assessment of these releases, and take into account reported
releases from other facilities in the same geographic area. A fifth National
Report will be published and the program will continue to refine and revise the
TRI list of chemicals by rule, respond to petitions, process trade secret claims,
provide state and Regional assistance, and maintain the Title III hotline. Public
and industry outreach activities will continue.
PPA/90 will have a significant impact on TRI program activities in 1992.
PPA/90 adds reporting requirements for each owner/operator of a facility required
to file under section 313 of SARA. The additional information that must be filed
includes an annual reporting of toxic chemical source reduction and recycling
efforts. The expanded report must be filed for each chemical required to be
reported under SARA section 313, and EPA is required to make this information
available to the public in the same manner as the TRI data.
Implementation of PPA/90 requires an increase in the structure of the TRI
database and the expeditious issuance of new reporting rules, as well as an
intensive technical assistance effort to enable industry to comply with the new
requirements. Systems and hardware development, rulemaking, and the development
of training/technical assistance programs began in 1991. 1993 activities will
continue with the operation and maintenance of the restructured TRI database, and
modification of the National Library of Medicine's (NLM) public access system and
other public access means, such as magnetic media tapes. In late 1993 EPA will
begin receiving and processing PPA/90 reporting forms for calendar year 1992.
In 1993, the Regional program will serve as a complement to the
Headquarters-based TRI data quality initiative. Multi-media environmental audits.
9-41
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of selected TRI facilities in EPA Regions will be coupled with a data assessmen^
to determine potential environmental impacts of reported releases. The audital
will have elements of both data quality and compliance/enforcement, and will lead
to detailed risk identification. The Regional program will continue outreach
activities to encourage comprehensive, accurate, and timely reporting of emissions
by industry; provide TRI information to Regional media offices, states and the
public; encourage the use of the data by Regional programs and state agencies; and
work with Headquarters to make the data available to the public. Regional staff
will provide training and assistance to industry concerning the new reporting
requirements of PPA/90 in addition to training with respect to access and use of
TRI data. Agency enforcement staff and personnel from other media will use TRI
data to target facility inspections. Regional staff will also work to decrease
emissions by focusing public attention on the data, working with state and local
agencies to identify facilities of concern, and providing pollution prevention
information and technology transfer to the regulated industries. EPA will
continue to work with state agencies and tribal components to facilitate cross -
program, inter- and intra-agency communications and coordin- ation on use and
interpretation of, and programmatic response to, the data.
1992 Program
In 1992 the Agency is allocating a total of $19,598,600 supported by 90.1
total workyears for this program, of which $4,924,400 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, and $14,674,200 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1992, the TRI program is focusing on more efficient processing of forms,|
additional assessment of data quality, and improved accessibility/usability of the
NLM database and TRI "other means" products. A fourth National Report will be
published and assistance will be provided to the GAO for their report to Congress
as required by the statute. Efforts continue to refine and revise the TRI list
of chemicals by rule, respond to petitions, process trade secret claims, provide
state and Regional assistance, maintain the Title III hotline, conduct public and
industry outreach activities, and proceed with the fee waiver program.
Initial implementation of the PPA/90 requirements continue in 1992 with the
restructuring of the TRI database to accommodate the additional information that
will be reported. Other activities include redesign of the reporting forms,
rulemakings, and the development of training and technical assistance programs to
enable industry to comply with the new reporting requirements.
The Regional program continues outreach activities to encourage
comprehensive, accurate, and timely reporting of emissions by industry; provide
TRI information to Regional media offices, states and the public; encourage the
use of the data by Regional programs and state agencies; provide training
concerning access and use of TRI data; and work with Headquarters to make the data
available to the public. Public outreach efforts also include providing
interpretation/information to the public concerning chemical releases, informing
them on ways to access the data, and facilitating communications with other
Regional media offices. Regional staff are working to decrease emissions through
data analysis, working with state and local agencies to identify facilities of
concern, and providing pollution prevention information/technology transfer to the
regulated industries. Regional staff are also conducting industry audits to
identify opportunities for waste minimization and pollution prevention activities
9-42
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and provide information to state programs on waste minimization and pollution
orevention.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency allocated a total of $17,128.700 supported by 90.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,912,600 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $12,216,100 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1991, EPCRA focused on maintaining its operational components while
seeking to improve data quality. Data quality efforts included a multi-level
approach to identifying and correcting errors in the data submitted and providing
a number of states with start-up grants to initiate self-perpetuating state level
data quality assurance efforts relating to section 313 submissions. To ensure
that access to the TRI database was not limited by economic need and to encourage
initial data access, the fee waiver program was initiated to provide access to the
NLM database to qualified applicants. The program continued to process petitions
for addition and deletion of section 313 chemicals and specifically added nine
chemicals to the list. A third National Report was published, comparing second
and third year data and assessing the reasons for changes in release data.
In 1991, the Regional EPCRA program addressed 6 major areas: 1) promoting
full reporting by all facilities; 2) supporting the use of the TRI data within the
Regional office and in the states; 3) supporting the public's use of the data; 4)
continuing industry outreach activities; 5) promoting better quality of data; and
6) managing grants to states.
9-43
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Enforcement
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ENFORCEMENT
Toxic Substances Enforcement 9-44
Toxic Substances Enforcement 9-45
Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants 9-47
OPTS Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Enforcement . 9-49
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Enforcement
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Toxic Substances
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses $9,163.3 $10,007.4 $9,547.4 $9,852.6 S10,898.8 $1,046.2
Abatement Control and $2,557.7 $2,497.8 $2,497.8 $2,428.1 $2,388.2 -$39.9
Compliance
TOTAL $11,721.0 $12,505.2 $12,045.2 $12,280.7 $13,287.0 $1,006.3
Toxic Substances
Enforcement Grants
Abatement Control and $4,990.7 $5,100.0 $5,100.0 $5,100.0 $5,100.0
Compliance
TOTAL $4,990.7 $5,100.0 $5,100.0 $5,100.0 $5,100.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $9,163.3 $10,007.4 $9,547.4 $9,852.6 $10,898.8 $1,046.2
Abatement Control and $7,548.4 $7,597.8 $7,597.8 $7,528.1 $7,488.2 -$39.9
Compliance
Toxic Substances TOTAL $16,711.7 $17,605.2 $17,145.2 $17,380.7 $18,387.0 $1,006.3
Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Toxic Substances 167.6 187.2 187.2 179.8 187.2 7.4
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 167.6 187.2 187.2 179.8 187.2 7.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Toxic Substances 174.9 187.2 187.2 186.5 187.2 7
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS 174.9 187,2 187.2 186.5 187.2 7
9-44
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $18,387,000 and 187.2 total workyears for
1993, an increase of $1,006,300. Of the request, $10,898,800 will be for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and $7,488,200 will be for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,046,200
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and a decrease of $39,900 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
TOXIC SUBSTANCES ENFORCEMENT
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,287,000 and 187.2 total workyears for this
program, of which $10,898,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $2,388,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $1,046,200 for Salaries and Expenses, a decrease
of $39,900 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation and an increase
of 0.7 total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and support costs. The reduction in the Abatement, Control' and
Compliance appropriation represents a reprogramming of resources to support Agency
initiatives of higher risk.
Headquarters will continue to manage the national toxic substances
enforcement program through guidance to and periodic reviews of Regional programs,
including on-site program evaluations. Headquarters also manages a cooperative
agreement with the National Council of Senior Citizens (NCSC) to conduct
compliance monitoring inspections in support of the asbestos-in-schools rule, PCBs
and hexavalent chromium, and exercises overall authority in conducting the
Agency's laboratory data integrity program. EPA will continue to conduct
full-scale audits of completed test studies submitted to the Agency, and
inspections of testing laboratories to verify compliance with good laboratory
practices. Both the Regions and Headquarters will also prepare and issue notices
of noncompliance and civil administrative complaints and will provide technical
assistance and support as necessary to the Office of Enforcement (OE) in the
prosecution of civil judicial and criminal cases. Headquarters and Regional staff
will continue to provide overall guidance and management in support of the
cooperative enforcement agreement program.
In 1993, Regional personnel will conduct compliance inspections and provide
case development specifically targeted at polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) disposal
sites and broker/ transporter/ storer facilities, while continuing to emphasize
asbestos inspections at local education agencies under the Asbestos 'Hazard
Emergency Response Act (AHERA).
9-45
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The Regional offices will also conduct compliance inspections in support
Section 5 new chemical regulations, Section 8 reporting rules, and Section
inspections in support of regulations on asbestos and hexavalent chromium will
also be conducted. Limited Regional staff assist in the laboratory data integrity
program by conducting good laboratory practices (GLP) inspections at laboratories
that perform toxic substances testing.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $12,280,700 and 186.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $9,852,600 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,428,100 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The Regions are conducting inspection programs to determine compliance with
TSCA rules. The Regional offices are preparing and issuing notices of
noncompliance and civil administrative orders, and developing and prosecuting
cases when compliance is not achieved. The Regions are also providing assistance
to firms that are either seeking to comply voluntarily with TSCA requirements, or
that wish to take remedial actions to achieve compliance. During settlement
negotiations, Headquarters and Regions are encouraging pollution prevention
activities to encourage broader participation by industry and the public through
enforcement outreach, and technical assistance activities designed to change
production use and recycling habits.
Thirty-two states currently participate in the cooperative enforcement
agreement program. Headquarters and Regions provide national guidance to states,!
prepare and file cases, and manage the grant program.
In addition to providing overall program guidance and management,
Headquarters is managing the laboratory data integrity program and conducting
audits of test studies submitted to the Agency under TSCA testing rules.
Headquarters staff are managing the NCSC cooperative agreement that supports
compliance monitoring inspections under the AHERA program, and PCS regulations.
Headquarters is also participating in regulation development directed by the
Office of Toxic Substances, and preparing enforcement response policies and
compliance monitoring strategies for newly developed regulations.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $11,721,000 supported by 174.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $9,163,300 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,557,700 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1991 the program conducted compliance inspections, data processing, and
scientific review of data audits. The Regional offices conducted compliance
inspections in support of existing TSCA rules, placing particular emphasis on the
sections 5 and 8 program, PCBs, and asbestos-in-schools inspections under section
6. Upon detection of violations, including those originating from state-conducted
inspections, the Regional staff developed and prosecuted enforcement cases.
9-46
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES ENFORCEMENT GRANTS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,100,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Thirty two states
participate in this program, which emphasizes compliance monitoring of chemical
control rules, particularly for PCBs and asbestos. This reflects the program's
continuing commitment to building state capabilities.
States will continue to receive guidance and direction to develop
comprehensive TSCA authorities for case development and enforcement programs that
include more than PCBs and asbestos inspections in support of TSCA Section 6. The
multi-media initiative will continue to provide states with resources to develop
TSCA legislative authorities for enhancing administrative, criminal, and civil
enforcement within and across media. These resources will also enable improved
screening capabilities for data of cross-media violators. Inspector training in
cross-media issues will also be augmented.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,100,000 for this program, all
of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These funds
support state-conducted toxic substances compliance monitoring programs in the
states. These state programs focus on Section 6 chemical control rules,
particularly PCB and asbestos compliance monitoring. Grant funding is being used
to expand state enhancement of more comprehensive state TSCA enforcement
capability.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $4,990,700 for this program, all of
which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These funds
supported state cooperative enforcement agreement programs in thirty-two states.
In 1991, a program of state enhancement was continued, which assisted states
in developing expanded and more comprehensive legislative authorities. States
increased their roles to include toxic enforcement case development.
Additionally, cooperative agreements were awarded to three states to undertake
multi-media enforcement programs.
9-47
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Increase*
Current Decrease-,
Actual Estimate Estimate 1993 vs.
1991 1992 1993 1992
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
Enforcement Actions
EPCRA Inspections 666 608 608
Laboratory Inspections 4 4 4
Test Study Audits 68 7 7 7
Inspections, Sec . 5 . 137 122 122
Inspections, Sec. 6
PCB Inspections* 2,125 2,175 2.175
Asbestos Inspections*.... 1,373 2,370 2,370
Inspections, Sec. 8 129 123 123
*Includes Federal, state, and contractor inspections
9-48
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ACTUAL PRES.
1991 BUDGET
1992
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
OPTS Title III Enforcement
ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1993 VS 1992
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
OPTS - EPCRA -
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$609.4 $819.7 $809.7 $803.2 $880.9 S77.7
$2,824.5 $2,474.9 $2,474.9 $2,407.1 $2,365.3 -$41.8
TOTAL $3,433.9 $3,294.6 $3,284.6 $3,210.3 $3,246.2 $35.9
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
OPTS - EPCRA
Enforcement
$609.4 $819.7 $809.7 $803.2 $880.9 $77.7
$2,824.5 $2,474.9 $2,474.9 $2,407.1 $2,365.3 -$41.8
TOTAL $3,433.9 $3,294.6 $3,284.6 $3,210.3 $3,246.2 $35.9
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
OPTS - EPCRA -
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
11.6
11.6
14.4
14.4
14.4
14.4
13.4
13.4
14.4
14.4
1.0
1.0
TOTAL UORKYEARS
OPTS - EPCRA -
Enforcement
TOTAL UORKYEARS
11.6
11.6
14.4
14.4
14.4
14.4
14.2
14.2
14.4
14.4
9-49
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
OPPT Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,246,200 supported by 14.4 total workyears
for 1993, an increase of $35,900 and an increase of 0.2 total workyears from 1992.
Of this amount, $880,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$2,365,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, an
increase of $77,700 in the Salaries and Expense appropriation and a decrease of
$41,800 in Abatement, Control, and Compliance.
OPPT EPCRA ENFORCEMENT
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,246,200 supported by 14.4 total workyears
for this program, of which $880,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and $2,365,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $77,700 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, a decrease of $41,800 in the Abatement, Control and|
Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 0.2 total workyears. The increase'
in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs. The
decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance represents a change in focus to
support Agency initiatives.
In 1993, Headquarters will continue to review and update enforcement response
policies, compliance monitoring strategies, procedural manuals and guidance
relating to EPCRA. Headquarters will also manage a grant with the National
Council of Senior Citizens (NCSC) to conduct compliance inspections and provide
paralegal case development under EPCRA. Such contractor support enables the
Agency to reach a broader portion of the regulated community. Pollution
prevention measures will be incorporated as new penalty policies are developed and
existing ones are revised. Headquarters will continue automated data processing
(ADP) support for an "expert" computer system to target compliance inspections.
The computer system will cross-check production and facility profile data to
identify prime compliance inspection targets. ADP support will also enable
Regions to monitor inspections and cases to manage the program most efficiently.
Headquarters will also continue to assist states in the development of their own
EPCRA enforcement programs.
In 1993, Regions will conduct compliance inspections of chemical facilities
that manufacture specific chemicals to verify that such' facilities observe the
reporting requirements of the Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act
(EPCRA). The data submitted informs the public and EPA of the presence of toxic
chemicals at the manufacturing facility and documents the release of toxic
chemicals into the environment. Headquarters and Regions will continue to utilize1
this data to develop the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI). The use of TRI data by
Federal, State, and local governments is an important pollution prevention and
q-sn
-------
risk reduction tool. With this information local authorities will prepare more
effective emergency response plans, training programs, and notification procedures
to protect health and the environment in their respective areas. Headquarters and
Regions will utilize TRI data to determine appropriate pollution prevention
measures to incorporate in case settlements.
As the TRI program matures in 1993, targets of enforcement actions will be
expanded to emphasize data quality and non-reporting. By expanding its compliance
coverage of the regulated community to include emphasizing the quality and
accuracy of data received, the Agency will enhance the usefulness of the TRI
system. Since many such facilities are also subject to the reporting requirements
of sections 5, 8 and 13 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), the Regions
will integrate EPCRA inspections with TSCA recordkeeping and reporting inspections
where possible. The Regions will develop appropriate enforcement actions in
response to any violations of EPCRA detected during inspections.
1992 Program
In 1992. the Agency is allocating a total of $3,210,300 supported by 14.2
total workyears for this program, of which $803,200 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,407,100 of which is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
Headquarters continues to provide case development support and guidance to
the Regional offices for EPCRA enforcement cases, and manage extramural project
funds. A computerized enforcement and penalty strategy for faulty reporting,
which is estimated to be 70% of submissions, is managed at Headquarters. Under
a new pilot program, settlement of cases for EPCRA section 313 violations may
include the remittance of a portion of the administrative civil penalty if a
facility agrees to reduce emissions from the facility. Headquarters will continue
to identify appropriate guidelines for establishing and measuring documentable
emissions reductions in exchange for remitted penalties. The state EPCRA
cooperative agreement enforcement program is expanding to cover additional states.
Regions are targeting enforcement efforts toward certain facilities which
have violated other environmental statutes, are located in sensitive ecosystems
or near population centers. In response to Section 313 reporting requirements,
Regions are identifying and taking action against those industry facilities that
are required t'o report under Section 313, but fail to do so. Inspections to
identify non-reporters help to define the regulated universe enabling Regions to
become increasingly efficient in targeting inspections with each new section 313
reporting cycle.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $3,433,900 supported by 11.6 total
workyears for this program. Total dollars included $609,400 from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,824,500 from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1991, Headquarters implemented a pilot program to assist states in the
development of their own EPCRA enforcement programs. Two states participated in
the cooperative agreement program, which has as its goal greater EPCRA enforcement
capacity. Headquarters also participated in regulation development to assure the
9-51
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enforceabilicy of new rules, and developed guidance documents and inspection*
guidelines to implement specific program activities. Finally, Headquarter^
provided oversight and assistance in regional case development to ensure program-
wide consistency among cases, assuring program integrity.
The Regions provided compliance assistance to the regulated community, the
states, and local authorities. Compliance assistance includes responding to
inquiries from individual facilities or the regulated industry as a whole on
enforcement requirements, providing training in compliance matters to industry,
state or local representatives, and reviewing and implementing enforcement
policies, strategies and inspection procedures. The Regions also conducted a
limited number of compliance inspections, some of which were integrated with other
inspections under TSCA sections 5, 8 and 13. The Regions also initiated case
development as violations were detected.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ENFORCEMENT
Toxic Substances Enforcement 9-44
Toxic Substances Enforcement 9-45
Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants 9-47
OPTS Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Enforcement . 9-49
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Enforcement
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE •
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Toxic Substances
Enforcement
Salaries ft Expenses $9,163.3 $10,007.4 $9,547.4 $9,852.6 $10,898.8 $1,046.2
Abatement Control and $2,557.7 $2,497.8 $2,497.8 $2,428.1 $2,388.2 -S39.9
Compliance
TOTAL $11,721.0 $12,505.2 $12,045.2 $12,280.7 $13,287.0 $1,006.3
Toxic Substances
Enforcement Grants
Abatement Control and $4,990.7 $5,100.0 $5,100.0 $5,100.0 $5,100.0
Compliance
TOTAL $4,990.7 $5,100.0 $5,100.0 $5,100.0 $5,100.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $9,163.3 $10,007.4 $9,547.4 $9,852.6 $10,898.8 $1,046.2
Abatement Control and $7,548.4 $7,597.8 $7,597.8 $7,528.1 $7,488.2 -S39.9
Compliance
Toxic Substances TOTAL $16,711.7 $17,605.2 $17,145.2 $17,380.7 $18,387.0 $1,006.3
Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Toxic Substances ' 167.6 187.2 187.2 179.8 187.2 7.4
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 167.6 187.2 187.2 179.8 187.2 7.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Toxic Substances 174.9 187.2 187.2 186.5 187.2 7
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS 174.9 187.2 187.2 186.5 187.2 7
9-44
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $18,387,000 and 187.2 total workyears for
1993, an increase of $1,006,300. Of the request, $10,898,800 will be for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and $7,488,200 will be for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,046,200
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and a decrease of $39,900 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
TOXIC SUBSTANCES ENFORCEMENT
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,287,000 and 187.2 total workyears for this
program, of which $10,898,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $2,388,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $1,046,200 for Salaries and Expenses, a decrease
of $39,900 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation and an increase
of 0.7 total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and support costs. The reduction in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation represents a reprogramming of resources to support Agency
initiatives of higher risk.
Headquarters will continue to manage the national toxic substances
enforcement program through guidance to and periodic reviews of Regional programs,
including on-site program evaluations. Headquarters also manages a cooperative
agreement with the National Council of Senior Citizens (NCSC) to conduct
compliance monitoring inspections in support of the asbestos-in-schools rule, PCBs
and hexavalent chromium, and exercises overall authority in conducting the
Agency's laboratory data integrity program. EPA will continue to conduct
full-scale audits of completed test studies submitted to the Agency, and
inspections of testing laboratories to verify compliance with good laboratory
practices. Both the Regions and Headquarters will also prepare and issue notices
of noncompliance and civil administrative complaints and will provide technical
assistance and support as necessary to the Office of Enforcement (OE) in the
prosecution of .civil judicial and criminal cases. Headquarters and Regional staff
will continue to provide overall guidance and management in support of the
cooperative enforcement agreement program.
In 1993, Regional personnel will conduct compliance inspections and provide
case development specifically targeted at polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) disposal
sites and broker/ transporter/ storer facilities, while continuing to emphasize
asbestos inspections at local education agencies under the Asbestos Hazard
Emergency Response Act (AHERA).
9-45
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10. ENERGY
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
ENERGY 10-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Energy Research 10-1
-------
ENERGY OVERVIEW
I. OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Energy research and development program provides EPA program and
Regional offices; Federal, State, and local governments; and industry with
scientific information on the impacts of developing and utilizing energy
resources in the environment. This scientific information is obtained through
the Acid Deposition Research Program and demonstration of the Limestone-
Injection Multistage Burner (LIMB) control technologies.
II. FISCAL YEAR 1993 HIGHLIGHTS
The Energy research and development program moved to the Air media under
the Acid Deposition Research program element. This occurred because ORD made
a major restructuring of their budget from 120 to 28 program elements.
Acid Deposition
This activity has moved to the Acid Deposition Research program element
under the Air media in FY 1993. The new Acid Deposition Research program
element is broken into 5 issues. These issues are: 1) Estimate Emissions from
Man-made Sources, 2) Understanding Atmospheric Processes, 3) Establish
Deposition Monitoring Data Base, A) Develop & Evaluate LIMB Technology, and 5)
Low NOx Control Technology.
LIMB Control Technology
This research activity has moved to the Acid Deposition Research program
element as the issue "Develop & Evaluate LIMB Technology" (issue Q) under the
Air media in FY 1993.
10-1
-------
11. MANAGEMENT
AND SUPPORT
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
11-1
11-7
Air and Radiation 11-9
Water 11-9
Enforcement 11-11
Pesticides and Toxic Substances 11-12
General Counsel 11-13
Research and Development 11-13
Solid Waste and Emergency Response .... 11-14
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management .
Program Management
Program Management
Program Management
Program Management
Program Management
Program Management
Program Management
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices 11-15
Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization .... 11-18
Office of Congressional and Legislative Affairs 11-19
Office of Communications Education, and Public Affairs .... 11-20
Office of Executive Support 11-21
Office of Regional Operations and State/Local Relations .... 11-22
Immediate Office of the Administrator 11-23
Administrator's Representation Fund 11-20
Office of Civil. Rights 11-24
Science Advisory Board 11-26
Office of Administrative Law Judges 11-26
Risk Assessment and Management Commission 11-27
National Education and Training Foundation 11-27
Office of Inspector General 11-29
Office of Inspector General 11-30
Office of General Counsel 11-33
Office of General Counsel 11-34
Office of International Activities 11-36
Office of International Activities 11-37
Office of Federal Activities 11-39
Office of Federal Activities 11-40
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation 11-42
Program Management - Policy, Planning and Evaluation 11-43
Office of Policy Analysis 11-45
Office of Regulatory Management and Evaluation 11-47
Renamed: Office of Strategic Planning & Environmental Data . . 11-49
Office of Pollution Prevention 11-50
Office of Administration and Resources Management 11-52
Program Management-Administration and Resources Management . . 11-55
Financial Management - Headquarters 11-56
Office of the Comptroller 11-57
Contracts and Grants Management - Headquarters 11-58
Organization and Health Services 11-59
Facilities and Management Services 11-60
Information Systems and Services 11-61
Human Resources Management 11-63
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management 11-65
Resource Management - Regions ..... 11-67
Financial Management - Regions 11-67
Human Resources Management - Regions 11-68
Contracts and Grants Management - Regions 11-69
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT 11-1
Administrative Management - Regions 11-70
Regional Management 11-70
Regional Counsel 11-71
Planning, Evaluation and Analysis - Regions 11-72
SUPPORT COSTS
Support Costs 11-74
Professional Training 11-76
Nationwide Support Services 11-77
Headquarters Support Services 11-78
Regional Support Services 11-79
Automated Data Processing Support 11-80
Lab Support - Research and Development 11-81
Lab Support - Air and Radiation 11-81
Lab Support - Pesticides and Toxic Substances 11-82
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
ACTUAL
1991
PRES.
BUDGET
1992
ENACTED
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
REQUEST
1993
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1993 VS 1992
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
Office of Inspector
General
Reimbursements
Oil Spills Trust Fund
TOTAL. Management and
Support
3*42,214.1 5486.813.4 S461.591.9 S460.660.4 S513.073.2 S52.412.8
531,896.1 S36.532.9 5*6,407.4 550,790.5 5*6,635.4 -54,155.1
513.4
S22.*13.0 525,623.0 525,623.0 525,623.0 528.29*.0 52.671.0
51.0*2.6 51.042.6
S496.536.6 5548.969.3 5533.622.3 5537.073.9 5589,0*5.2 551,971.3
Reregistration and
Expedited Processing
S3.165.B
S*.079.5
-54.079.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
3.113.1
3.318.8
3.415.8
3,415.8
3.415.8
3.415.8
3.362.4
3.426.7
3.422.0
3.422.0
59.5
-4.7
3436,261.2 3529,264.0 3514.035.1 3516.761.* 5575,480.7 558,719.3
Authorization is by virtue of the Appropriation Act.
11-1
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
DIFFERENCE
PRES. CURRENT
BUDGET ENACTED ESTIMATE ENACTED VS EST. VS EST. VS
1992 1992 1992 PRES. BUD PRES. BUD ENACTED
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Office of Inspector
General
$486,813.4 $461,591.9 $460,660.4-S25.221.5 -$26,153.0 -$931.5
$36,532.9 $46,407.4 $50,790.5 $9,874.5 $14,257.6 $4,383.1
$25,623.0 $25,623.0 $25.623.0
TOTAL, Management and
Support
$548,969.3 $533,622.3 $537,073.9-S15.347.0 -$11,895.4
$3.451.6
Reregistratlon and
Expedited Processing
S4.079.5
$4,079.5
$4,079.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
3,415.8
3,415.8
3,415,8
3.415.8
3,362.4
3,426.7
-53.4
10.9
-53.4
10.9
SALARIES AND EXPENSES
o Resources were realigned within the appropriation to support FTE redistribution and
priority initiatives.
o Appropriation changes were made to implement the mandated Congressional reductions and/or
adds.
ABATEMENT. CONTROL. AND COMPLIANCE
o Appropriation changes were made to implement the mandated Congressional reductions and/or
adds.
11-2
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
Management and Support provides executive direction and policy oversight
for all Agency programs, as well as those administrative and support services
that are not assigned to a specific program. We will continue our efforts to
provide quality legal services, promote technically and economically defensible
regulatory and policy alternatives, enhance the public's perception and
understanding of the Agency's goals, manage for environmental results, and pursue
a focused human resources management effort to build a skilled career
environmental workforce.
The major components of this medium are Program Management, Agency
Management, Regional Management, and Support Costs.
Program Management includes policy development, program development and
oversight, and the associated management activities for the Agency's
environmental program offices. These include the Offices of Air and Radiation,
Water, Enforcement, International Activities, Pesticides and Toxic Substances,
General Counsel, Research and Development, and Solid Waste and Emergency
Response.
Agency Management includes Agency-wide management functions and policy
activities.
Policy Direction and external affairs activities in Headquarters consists
of the Administrator, the Deputy Administrator; Associate Administrators for
Regional Operations and State/Local Relations, Congressional and Legislative
Affairs, and Communications, Education and Public Affairs and the Administrator's
Staff Offices include the Immediate Office staff, Executive Support,
Administrative Law Judges, Civil Rights, Science Advisory Board and Small and
Disadvantaged Business Utilization.
International Activities coordinates the international efforts of EPA
through the following components: the International Cooperation Division, the
International Issues Division, and the Program Operations Division.
Policy, Planning and Evaluation is organized into the following components:
Program Management, the Office of Policy Analysis, the Office of Regulatory
Management and Evaluation, and the Office of Strategic Planning and Environmental
Data.
Legal services for litigation in which the Agency is a defendant are
provided to Agency programs by the General Counsel in Headquarters and by a
Regional Counsel in each Regional office. The Office of General Counsel (OGC)
provides legal services and advice to the Administrator and Agency managers.
OGC, in cooperation with the Department of Justice, represents the Agency in all
legal matters in which the Agency is a defendant. Additionally, OGC reviews
proposed actions, decisions, and regulations to assure that they are legally
defensible.
11-3
-------
Inspector General activities include audits and investigations of Agenc>V
activities to promote economy, efficiency and effectiveness, and to prevent and
detect fraud, waste, and abuse in EPA programs and operations.
Administration and Resources Management provides management activities in
Headquarters, as well as administrative services to all program operations
located in Cincinnati, Ohio and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. The
office has several components: Program Management, Financial Management,
Comptroller, Organization and Health Services, Contracts and Grants, Facilities
and Management Services, Information Systems and Services, and Human Resources
Management.
Regional Management includes the centralized management and administrative
functions performed in each Regional office. The Regional elements cover the
Regional and Deputy Regional Administrators, their immediate staffs, and Regional
staff for public affairs, congressional and intergovernmental relations, and
civil rights. Other activities include budget development and execution,
preparation of Regional operating plans, legal services, program evaluation,
financial and personnel management, information management, administration of
Freedom of Information Requests, and facilities and property management.
Support Costs include the costs of general support services for all Agency
programs. These costs represent:
o Office and building services, such as library services, commercial
telephone use, printing and copying, utilities, security, ADP technical support,
and custodial and maintenance services for programs located at Headquarters,
Research Triangle Park, and Cincinnati;
o Nationwide costs, such as facility rental costs, centralized data
processing, U. S. Postal Services charges. Federal Telecommunications System
(FTS) charges, unemployment and workmen's compensation, and health and safety
costs for all Agency programs in all locations;
o Office and building services for laboratories and field stations
operated by the Office of Air and Radiation, Research and Development, and
Pesticides and Toxic Substances; and
o Common services in Regional offices, such as supplies and equipment,
commercial telephones, printing, facilities operations and maintenance, library
services, and mini - computer operations.
Program Priorities
Priorities for the Executive Offices in 1993 will include: directing the
Agency's Pollution Prevention Program, developing a strong working relationship
with educational institutions at all levels to coordinate a math and science -
oriented environmental career program; continued emphasis on enforcement and
compliance efforts for both environmental and civil rights regulations; stronger
support from Headquarters and Regions to small, minority, and women's
environmental businesses; bringing greater scientific credibility to regulatory
decision-making through an emphasis on reviews by the Science Advisory Board;
more effective communication between Headquarters and the Regions; 'continued
clear interpretation of EPA's programs and priorities; increased Agency
11-4
-------
effectiveness by improving Congressional liaison; continued effective liaison
with state and local governments; and stronger outreach programs with the private
and public sectors and involve citizen participation.
The Office of General Counsel will continue to provide legal advice and
counsel the Agency's top management and media program offices concerning legal
interpretation of EPA-administered statutes, other applicable laws, and on such
matters as personnel, grants, and contracts. Additionally, the Office of General
Counsel will continue to represent the Agency in all major regulatory actions,
and ensure that legal errors are avoided and legal positions are presented in the
most persuasive manner.
The Office of International Activities will continue to play a pivotal role
in advising the Administrator on international environmental issues and
opportunities and will exercise lead responsibility within EPA for devising
strategies to advance the U. S. environmental position overseas. It will
continue to evaluate, manage, and direct bilateral activities with the nations
of Eastern Europe, the developing world, Mexico, Central and Latin America, and
the industrial world and will actively participate with multilateral
organizations in developing and implementing cooperative solutions to a host of
environmental issues affecting the planet, including global climate change,
biodiversity and forestry, international development and lending policies, and
technology transfer to developing countries.
The Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation will help to strengthen the
Agency's knowledge base by continuing to improve EPA's economic and analytic
capability, focusing on developing' flexible, market-based approaches to and
identifying the benefits of environmental protection, assessing the economic
effects of environmental policies, and conducting economic and scientific
analyses relating to the Clean Air Act regulations and other rules as well as to
global climate change policies. In forging a link between environmental
statistics and strategic planning, it will concentrate on better use of data in
identifying Agency priorities and assessing progress, especially in using
environmental indicators to track trends. Under the international theme, it will
continue to have lead responsibility for important aspects of the global climate
change program, working closely with the Offices of Research and Development, Air
and Radiation, and International Activities as well as with other agencies and
international organizations. It will also help the agency shape national and
international policy in the area of trade and the environment. Its pollution
.prevention emphasis will be in energy policy.
The Office of Inspector General will continue to provide wide-ranging audit
and investigative coverage of the Agency's programs and operations. The Office
will provide limited audit coverage of wastewater treatment facility construction
grants and State Revolving Funds. The Office will expand audit coverage in the
financial management area, including the Agency's financial statements, to ensure
the accounting systems and financial reports are accurate and reliable. To
better meet the Agency's need, additional support will be provided for financial
audits of contracts and procurement management. More audits and investigations
of procurement and contract/grant management will help ensure that EPA's
extensive contract dollars are used effectively and efficiently. Also, the
Office will conduct additional audits and investigations focusing on improving
the integrity of scientific data, research, and analysis crucial to EPA.
Investigations will be continued with respect to antitrust activities, other
11-5
-------
construction related fraud, and conspiracies by contract laboratories to defrau
The Office will also continue its efforts in fraud prevention by publicizing, it
activities, helping EPA employees identify areas sensitive to fraud, and
developing new fraud detection tools and methods.
The Office of Administration and Resources Management will continue to
assure a strong system of financial internal controls, including work toward
integration and enhancement of all agency financial management and accounting
systems; continue developing a program for better information management
planning, particularly between EPA and states; continue improvement in contracts
and grants administration; continue to provide a strong health and safety
program; pursue a focused human resources management effort to build a skilled
career environmental workforce and provide for TQM training; continue to improve
working conditions at the Headquarters facilities; and continue to provide
essential administrative and support services to enhance the Agency's ability
to fulfill its various mandates.
In the Regional management areas, the Agency will continue its commitment
to strengthen Regional environmental programs and maintain strong Regional
planning and management efforts with special focus on geographic initiatives.
Development of State/EPA data management plans to improve efficiency and
reliability of methods for sharing environmental data will receive priority
attention.
In Support, the program will continue to provide general support services^
to Agency programs as well as cover cost escalations such as rent, telephone, ano^
utility rate increases.
Consulting Services
Management consulting services provide advisory and consulting services in
such areas as: management assistance for the design of financial systems,
regional management assistance in support of the EPA/State Data Management
program and management support of the Agency's public-private partnership
initiative. Consulting services also provide scientific data through the
following types of analyses; engineering analysis, economic and financial
analysis, statistical and technical analyses, technology assessments and
environmental/energy implications of global atmospheric changes.
11-6
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Program Management
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management . .
Program Management
Program Management
Program Management
Program Management
Program Management
Program Management
Program Management
Air and Radiation
Water . .
Enforcement
Pesticides and Toxic Substances
General Counsel
Research and Development
Solid Waste and Emergency Response
11-7
11-9
11-9
11-11
11-12
11-13
11-13
11-14
-------
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Program Management -
Research fc Development
Salaries & Expenses $5,049.1 $5,187.0 $5,072.7 $5,293.1 $5,359.2 $66.1
TOTAL $5,049.1 $5,187.0 $5,072.7 $5,293.1 $5,359.2 $66.1
Program Management •
Enforcement
Salaries I Expenses $722.9 $824.5 $768.3 $768.3 $821.4 $53.1
TOTAL $722.9 $824.5 $768.3 $768.3 $821.4 $53.1
Program Management -
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
Salaries & Expenses $2,855.4 $2,115.0 $2,205.3 $2,205.3 $2,114.0 -$91.3
TOTAL $2,855.4 $2,115.0 $2,205.3 $2.205.3 $2,114.0 -$91.3
Program Management •
General Counsel
Salaries & Expenses $358.2 S599.4 $599.2 $599.2 $660.2 $61.0
TOTAL S358.2 $599.4 $599.2 $599.2 $660.2 $61.0
Program Management -
Air And Radiation
Salaries I Expenses $4,753.0 $3,000.7 $2,999.6 $2,999.6 $3,443.4 $443.8
TOTAL $4,753.0 $3,000.7 $2,999.6 $2,999.6 $3.443.4 $443.8
Program Management -
Water
Salaries I Expenses $3,657.1 $3,279.7 $3,278.5 $3,278.5 $4,017.6 $739.1
Abatement Control and $124.9 $124.9 -$124.9
Compliance
TOTAL $3,657.1 $3.279.7 $3.403.4 $3,403.4 $4,017.6 $614.2
Program Management -
Pesticides and Toxic
Substances
Salaries & Expenses $2,798.9 $3,184.4 $3,394.5 $3,394.5 $3,406.1 $11.6
TOTAL $2,798.9 $3,184.4 $3,394.5 $3,394.5 $3,406.1 $11.6
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $20,194.6 $18,190.7 $18,440.1 $18,538.5 $19,821.9 $1,283.4
Abatement Control and $124.9 $124.9 -$124.9
Compliance
Program Management TOTAL $20,194.6 $18,190.7 $18,443.0 $18,663.4 $19,821.9 $1,158.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Program Management - 71.1 71.8 71.8 70.8 70.8
Research I Development
Program Management • 10.2 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0
Enforcement
11-7
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PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program Management -
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
Program Management •
General Counsel
Program Management -
Air And Radiation
Program Management -
Water
Program Management -
Pesticides and Toxic
Substances
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
32.1 28.0 28.0 26.0 26.4
7.2 10.5 10.5 10.5
10.5
47.5 44.6 44.6 44.6 44.6
50.9 45.9 45.9 45.9 45.9
40.5 42.8 42.8 42.6 42.8
259.5 254.6 254.6 251.4 252.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Program Management -
Research & Development
Program Management -
Enforcement
Program Management -
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
Program Management -
General. Counsel
Program Management -
Air And Radiation
Program Management -
Water
Program Management -
Pesticides and Toxic
Substances
TOTAL WORKYEARS
75.4
10.2
34.0
7.9
49.6
54.2
43.5
71.8
11.0
28.0
10.5
44.6
45.9
42.8
71.8
11.0
28.0
10.5
44.6
45.9
42.8
70.8
11.0
26.0
10.5
44.6
45.9
42.6
274.8 254.6 254.6 251.4
70.8
11.0
26.4
10.5
44.6
45.9
42.8
252.0
11-8
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Program Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $19,821,900 and 252.0 total workyears for
1993, all of which is in the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation. This
represents an increase of $1,283,400 and 0.6 workyears in Salaries and Expenses,
and a decrease of $124,900 in Abatement, Control, and Compliance over 1992.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - AIR AND RADIATION
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,443,400 supported by 44.6 total workyears
for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $443,800 from 1992. Air and radiation program
management will focus on implementation of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990,
the Indoor Radon Abatement Act, the Atomic Energy Act, the Uranium Mill Tailings
Radiation Control Act, and the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act, and
on development of major policies and decisions related to these acts.
1992 Program
In 1992 the Agency is allocating a total of $2,999,600 supported by 44.6
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This program provides management support for implementation of
the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, the Indoor Radon Abatement Act, the Atomic
Energy Act, the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act, and the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act. Key activities include: executive
management, strategic planning, program planning and analysis, resource
management, and budget formulation. The program also provides administrative
support to Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) components.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991 the Agency obligated $4,753,000 for this program supported by 49.6
total workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The program provided executive management, program planning and analysis, and
budget and administrative support to OAR offices.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - WATER
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,017,600 supported by 45.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $739,100 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriations, no change in total workyears and a decrease in $124,900
for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. The increase in
11-9
-------
Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs. ThdB
decrease in Abatement, Control, and Compliance represents a discontinuance of a
Congressional add-on.
The 1993 request will continue to support development of national policy
and implementation of the national regulatory programs for the Office of Water
(OW) authorizing statutes. Specifically, these resources are to review and
analyze legislative initiatives and program policies; provide management
direction to organizations performing OW functions; and manage national strategic
planning for water programs, with particular support to Agency geographic
initiatives for cross-media regulatory control risk analysis and improved
environmental results management. The staff will also provide liaison with other
Executive and outside agencies; manage the OW portion of the Agency operating
guidance and accountability system and Regional evaluations; develop OW program
plans and budgets for implementation of Agency policies and programs; and track
budget expenditures. In addition, staff will provide quality control of
regulations produced by the OW; administrative management; monitoring and
evaluation of program performance; and manage human resources. The program will
support the Office of the Administrator in developing a communications strategy
and outreach activities related to the Great Lakes and Gulf of Mexico programs,
Mexican border and the Safe Drinking Water Act.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,403,400 supported by 45.9
total workyears, of which $3,278,500 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $124,900 is from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
This program is supporting the development of national policy and
implementation of the national regulatory programs for the Water Quality and
Drinking Water media. Specific activities include: management of the OW
operating guidance and accountability system; development of program plans and
budget for implementation of Agency policies; development of legislative
initiatives and directions; review of regulations and program policies; tracking
of budget execution; and administrative management.
Major activities include continued implementation of the Clean Water Act
(CWA) and work on its reauthorization; work continues on activities authorized
under Safe Drinking Water'Act (SDWA) , Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries
Act (MPRSA) ; the Marine Plastic Pollution Research Control Act (MPPRCA) ; the Ocean
Dumping Ban Act (ODBA); the Great Lakes Critical Programs Act; the Coastal Zone
Act and its Reauthorization Amendments; and the North American Free Trade
Agreement. This program also supports coordination of water program information
management activities and strategies for issues that cross water and other
program lines (e.g. municipal sludge management, toxics in surface and ground-
water) . As a result of the Office of Water reorganization, a greater emphasis
is being placed on communications, information management and expansion of human
resources development activities.
Congressional Directives A total of $124,900 from the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation is a portion the Congressionally directed activity for
Buffalo River add-on which designates funds for waterfront planning. The funds
were placed in this program element to hold until appropriation issues can be
11-10
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resolved.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $3,657,100 supported by 54.2 total
workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The
program continued to focus in 1991 on the implementation of the CWA and SDWA.
Activities such as long-range planning and policy analysis, budget development
and execution and administrative management were accomplished.
During 1991, the program completed the reorganization of the Office of
Water which resulted in the creation of four program offices from seven and one
staff office from two. This integration of program functions presented a more
holistic approach to environmental protection in the Office of Water. The
reorganization is an efficient structure that supports the strategic plan and the
key themes of pollution prevention, ecosystem protection, geographic targeting
and scientific excellence. In addition, the program implemented the National
Education Act and improved computer hardware and software capabilities.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - ENFORCEMENT
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $821,400 supported by 11.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $53,100 and no change in total
workyears from 1992. The increase in Salaries and Expenses is the result of
increased costs for Personnel, Compensation, and Benefits (PC&B).
This program will continue management support in the areas of program
planning, administrative and personnel operations, budgeting and financial
management, information management, communications, and off ice automation for the
Office of Enforcement (OE) including all components (Offices of Civil and
Criminal Enforcement, Office of Federal Activities (OFA), Office of Federal
Facilities Enforcement (OFFE) , and the National Enforcement Investigations Center
(NEIC)). The program will also continue to support the Offices of Regional
Counsel (ORC) and criminal investigators stationed in the Regions in a range of
administrative support services.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $768,300 supported by 11.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
These resources are providing overall management support to all components
of OE. Support includes program direction and planning, personnel management,
budget development and analysis, financial management, information management,
communications, and office automation. Budget formulation and execution are
performed for Headquarters civil and criminal enforcement, OFA, OFFE, and the
Regional enforcement elements of OE. Workload analyses and application of
workload models are being developed and provided for the distribution of
resources for Regional legal enforcement, Environmental Review and Coordination,
11-11
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and Federal Facilities Enforcement.
1991 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $722,900 supported by 10.2 total workyears,
all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The program provided program direction, planning, and management including
basic managerial support in areas of personnel, budget, financial management,
information management, communications, and office automation to all of the
components in OE. Emphasis was placed on the improvement of administrative
management functions, information management systems, and increased use of cost-
effective automation support. Budget formulation support was provided for
Headquarters civil and criminal enforcement including criminal investigators
located in Regional Offices, OFA, OFFE, and Regional legal enforcement.
Oversight of budgetary functions was maintained for the National Enforcement
Investigations Center (NEIC) in Denver, Colorado.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - PREVENTION. PESTICIDES. AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,406,100 supported by 42.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $11,600 and an increase of 0.2
total workyears from 1992. The increase in Salaries and Expenses is the result
of increased costs for personnel and benefits.
This program will support senior level management -of the Prevention,
Pesticides, and Toxic Substances program and the Immediate Office of the
Assistant Administrator for Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances, as well
as funding the activities of the Biotechnology Science Advisory Committee. Key
activities include: efficient and effective general management, strategic
planning, and administrative and budget support.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,394,500 supported by 42.6
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources provide senior level management of the
Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances programs and the Immediate Office
of the Assistant Administrator for Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances
with support, as well as partially funding, along with the Office of Research and
Development, the activities of the Biotechnology Science Advisory Committee.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $2,798,900 supported by 43.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources provided support for the senior level management
of the Pesticides and Toxic Substances programs and the Immediate Office of the
Assistant Administrator for Pesticides and Toxic Substances and, along with the
Office of Research and Development, funded the activities of the Biotechnology
11-12
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Science Advisory Committee.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - GENERAL COUNSEL
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $660,200 supported by 10.5 workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $61,000 and no change in total workyears from
1992. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased costs for
personnel and support.
The request will support planning, budgeting, financial management,
management analysis, and administrative services to the Office of General
Counsel.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $599,200 supported by 10.5
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
The program provides for planning, budgeting, financial management,
management analysis, and administrative services to the Office of General
Counsel.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $358,200 supported by 7.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
Activities focused on providing planning, analytical support, budgeting,
financial management, and administrative services to the Office of General
Counsel.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,359,200 supported by 70.8 workyears, all
of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents
an increase from 1992 of $66,100 to fund the Federal workforce needed to
implement the President's 1993 program.
This research program will provide policy guidance, direction, and support
to ORD's programs to ensure the effective coordination of diverse research
programs and administrative management services. These activities include:
coordination of research program planning and budgeting; monitoring of operating
year budget execution; coordination of research activities and administrative
support services required at the co-located laboratories in Cincinnati, Ohio and
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; liaison to EPA Regions, OMB, Congress,
11-13
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and other Federal agencies; operation and enhancement of ORD's information
systems to support research program planning and management accountability; and
performance of other program management activities (e.g., facilities planning and
management, and management and evaluation studies required for ORD).
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating $5,293,100 supported by 70.8 total
workyears, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. Program
management will continue to coordinate and integrate the entire research and
development effort of the Agency, ensuring that the needs identified by Regional
and Program offices will be met.
1991 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated $5,049,100 supported by 75.4 total workyears, all of
which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources provided
for the overall direction, policy guidance, management analyses, liaison
activities, program planning and budgeting, and general administrative support.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,114,000 supported by 26.4 total
workyears, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $91,300 and 0.4 workyear from 1992.
This request will allow the Agency to continue.to maintain an effective
administrative and programmatic management team within the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response (OSWER). These resources will provide for the full array
of policy, regulatory development, and analysis activities; public liaison
functions; resource management; information management; and other essential
support activities for OSWER programs.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,205,300 supported by 26.0
total workyears, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This level of resources provides for a wide range of support from the OSWER
management team to the Regions, the program offices, and the Agency. OSWER
program management activities include the review of policy recommendations and
proposed regulations; integration of both program and funds control; information
management; property management; and administrative support. '
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $2,855,400 supported by 34.0 total
workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. OSWER
program management integrated hazardous waste and Superfund activities; managed
the review of policy recommendations and proposed regulations; maintained
effective management controls; and provided personnel, financial, administrative,
and information management support to the program offices.
11-14
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Office of the Adrraistrate
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices 11-15
Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization .... 11-18
Office of Congressional and Legislative Affairs 11-19
Office of Communications Education, and Public Affairs .... 11-20
Office of Executive Support 11-21
Office of Regional Operations and State/Local Relations .... 11-22
Immediate Office of the Administrator 11-23
Administrator's Representation Fund 11-20
Office of Civil Rights * 11-24
Science Advisory Board 11-26
Office of Administrative Law Judges 11-26
Risk Assessment and Management Commission 11-27
National Education and Training Foundation 11-27
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive
ACTUAL
1991
PRES.
BUDGET
1992
ENACTED
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
REQUEST
1993
INCREASE *
DECREASE •
1993 VS 1992
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Environmental Education
Foundation
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$1,000.0 S1,000.0
TOTAL SI,000.0 $1,000.0
Office of Small &
Disadvantaged Business
Utilization
Salaries I Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Risk Assessment &
Management Commission
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
S691.8 S723.1 S693.0 S693.0 $739.5 $46.5
S500.0 S500.0 -$500.0
TOTAL $691.8 $723.1 $1,193.0 $1,193.0 $739.5 -$453.5
$193.0 $193.0
$750.0 $750.0
TOTAL $943.0 $943.0
Office Of Congressional
and Legislative Affairs
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$2,653.6 $2,941.1 $2,759.5 $2,776.5 $3,057.0 $280.5
$200.0 $200.0
TOTAL $2,653.6 $2,941.1 $2,759.5 $2,776.5 $3,257.0 $480.5
Office of
Communi cat ions,
Education and
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Office Of Executive
Support
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Office of Regional
Operations and State
Local Relations
Salaries t Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$4,203.6 $5,859.8 $5,659.5 $5,738.9 $6,335.4 $596.5
$534.7 $7,000.0 $6,890.0 $6,806.6 $7,500.0 $693.4
TOTAL $4,738.3 $12,859.8 $12,549.5 $12,545.5 $13,835.4 $1,289.9
$1,489.8 $2,102.7 $2,449.1 $2,454.1 $2,177.2 -$276.9
$500.0 $500.0
TOTAL $1,489.8 $2,102.7 $2,449.1 $2,454.1 $2,677.2 $223.1
$1,390.0 $1,521.1 $1,586.5 $1,586.5 $1,570.0 -$16.5
$600.0 $600.0
TOTAL $1,390.0 $1,521.1 $1,586.5 $1,586.5 $2,170.0 SS83.5
I (mediate Office Of The
Administrator
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$3,542.1 $3,256.8 $3,224.1 $3,225.1 $3,536.7 $311.6
$622.0
TOTAL $4,164.1 $3,256.8 $3,224.1 $3,225.1 $3,536.7 $311.6
11-15
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive
ACTUAL
1991
PRES.
BUDGET
1992
ENACTED
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
REQUEST INCREASE +
1993 DECREASE •
1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Administrator's
Representation Fund
Salaries 1 Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Civil Rights
Salaries A Expenses
TOTAL
Science Advisory Board
Salaries I Expenses
TOTAL
Office of
Administrative Law
Judges
Salaries & Expenses
Oil Spills Trust Fund
TOTAL
S3. 9
S3. 9
S1, 703.1
$1,703.1
S1, 609.5
$1,609.5
81, 167.2
SI, 167.2
S6.0
$6.0
$1,836.7
$1,836.7
$1,878.3
$1,878.3
$1,520.0
$1,520.0
S6.5
$6.5
$1,739.1
$1,739.1
$1,718.1
$1,718.1
$1,438.2
$1,438.2
$5.5
$5.5
$1,759.1
$1,759.1
$1.680.1
$1,680.1
$1,435.2
$1,435.2
$6.0
$6.0
$1,895.6
$1,895.6
$1.938.6
$1,938.6
$1.339.4
$227.4
$1,566.8
$5
$5
* 36.5
$136.5
$258.5
$258.5
-$95.8
$227.4
$131.6
Environmental Education
Foundation
Office of Small I
Disadvantaged Business
Utilization
Risk Assessment t
Management Cownission
Office Of Congressional
and Legislative Affairs
Office of
Cownunicat ions,
Education and
Office Of Executive
Support
Office of Regional
Operations and State
Local Relations
Innediate Office Of The
Administrator
Adninistrator's
Representation Fund
Office of Civil Rights
Science Advisory Board
Office of
Administrative Law
Judges
9.0 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9
3.0
41.0 48.8 48.8 45.5 48.8
56.1 68.5 68.5 69.2 72.5
27.0 31.4 31.4 34.2 31.4
19.7 20.6 20.6 20.5 20.6
38.2 45.0 49.5 49.2 51.5
3.0
3.3
3.3
-2.8
1
2.3
20.6
13.9
17.4
24.8
25.4
19.7
24.8
25.4
19.7
24.7
25.3
19.6
24.8
25.4
19.7
1
1
1
11-16
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED
1991 BUDGET 1992
1992
CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE •
1992 1993 VS 1992
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Environmental Education
Foundation
Office of Small t
0isadvantaged Business
Utilization
Risk Assessment I
Management Comnission
Office Of Congressional
and Legislative Affairs
Office of
Connunicat ions,
Education and
Office Of Executive
Support
Office of Regional
Operations and State
Local Relations
Immediate Office Of The
Administrator
Administrator's
Representation Fund
Office of Civil Rights
Science Advisory Board
Office of
Administrative Law
Judges
9.0 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9
3.0
46.2 48.8 46.6 45.5 46.6
60.7 68.5 68.V 69.2 72.5
28.3 31.4 31.4 41.2
31.4
20.3 20.6 20.6 23.5 20.6
42.1 45.0 49.5 49.2 51.5
3.0
3.3
3.3
-9.8
-2.9
2.3
22.1
20.0
17.7
24.8
25.4
19.7
24.8
25.4
19.7
24.7
25.3
19.6
24.8
25.4
19.7
1
1
1
11-17
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $52,106,400 supported by 501.6 total
workyears in 1993. Of the request, $41,206,400 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,550,000 will be for the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,983,900 and 0.2
total workyears in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and an increase of
$3,243,400 in the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
OFFICE OF SMALL AND DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS UTILIZATION
1993 ProEram Request
The Agency requests a total of $739,500 supported by 6 .9 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $46,500 and no change in total workyears from 1992
in the Salary and Expenses appropriation and a decrease of $500,000 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The increase in Salaries andj
Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs.
The Office will continue to provide technical assistance to both
Headquarters and Regional program office personnel to ensure that small, minority
and women's businesses are receiving a- "fair share" of procurement dollars under '
EPA's Financial Assistance Program. In addition, the ombudsman will respond to
approximately 14,000 inquiries from small firms on regulatory matters and will
provide advice on the many new regulations that will bring about the desired
level of voluntary compliance by several thousand small businesses.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,193,000 supported by 6.9
total workyears for this program, of which $693,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $500,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
Appropriation. Emphasis continues on handling additional "Hotline" calls,
implementing a Small Business Ombudsman Strategy, creating business regulatory
outreach demonstration projects, and promoting Minority Business Enterprise and
Women's Business Enterprise participation in the Agency's financial assistance
programs to comply with Executive Order 12432. In addition, the Office will
continue to monitor and provide advice on the many new regulations that
will bring about the desired level of voluntary compliance by several thousand
small businesses.
Congressional Directives. A total of $500,000 is for the Congressionally
directed projects involving asbestos, lead, and radon mitigation, Small Business]
Clean Air, and minority/women contracting.
11-18
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1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $791,800 supported by 9.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $691,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $100,000 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation for Congressionally directed asbestos mitigation training. The
Office coordinated activities with EPA's procurement and financial assistance
programs by providing training and technical assistance; provided assistance
toward increasing the level of Minority Business Enterprise/ Women's Business
Enterprise (MBE/WBE) participation in EPA-assisted programs; provided technical
and managerial assistance to Headquarters and Regional staff assigned to socio-
economic program activities, and counseled minority and women's businesses in
compliance with Executive Order 12432. In addition, the Office monitored and
provided advice on the many new regulations that will bring about the
desired level of voluntary compliance by several thousand small businesses.
OFFICE OF CONGRESSIONAL AND LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,257,000 supported by 48.8 total workyears
for 1993, of which $3,057,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $200,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance Appropriation.
This represents an increase of $280,500 and 3.3 in total workyears from 1992 and
an increase of $200,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The increase in Salaries and" Expenses reflects personnel and support costs to
fully staff to 1991 levels and enable the Office to provide effective day-to-day
liaison with the Congress and insure that member and committee requests are
handled in a timely manner. The Abatement, Control and Compliance resources will
allow funding for a combined effort involving EPA's Philadelphia Regional Office
and the Headquarters Offices of Communications and Public Affairs, Regional
Operations and State/Local Relations and Congressional -and Legislative Affairs
that will study the effects of pollution on the urban environment. Continued
increased legislative activity is expected due to reauthorization of several
major environmental statutes including Superfund, the Toxic Substances Control
Act, the Safe Drinking Water Act and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
The Office will continue to manage the Legislative Reference Library.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,776,500 supported by 45.5
total workyears for this Office, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Office will continue to provide effective day-to-day liaison
with Congress as it examines legislation relating to environmental issues, and
will prepare Agency reports and recommendations on pending and enacted
legislation including draft legislative proposals extending the appropriations
required for EPA's major statutory authorities. The Office also manages the
Legislative Reference Library which provides comprehensive legislative research
services, with computerized tracking systems, to the Agency, Congress and
external organizations. The Office will continue to ensure that testimony, draft
legislation, and analyses and reports on pending and proposed legislation will
be developed and provided to OMB and the Congress in a timely fashion and
consistent with Agency and Administration policies.
11-19
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19,91 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $2,653,600 supported by 46.2 total
workyears for this Office, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Office of Congressional Liaison was responsible for all day-
to-day legislative and. Congressional contacts, including more than 375 briefings
of members and/or staff, involvement in approximately 400 hearings, coordination
of numerous meetings, courtesy calls, specific Committee investigative
information requests and casework generated by Congress. The Office also
developed testimony and related material for 165 legislative hearings, reviewed
and responded to 145 bills referred to the Agency from OMB and Congressional
committees, 400 draft legislative reports proposed by other agencies, 130 hearing
follow-up questions . and answers and 172 statements or testimony ^f other
agencies.
OFFICE OF COMMUNICATIONS. EDUCATION AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,835,400 supported by 72.5 total workyears
for 1993, of which $6,335,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $7,500,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $596,500 and 3.3 total workyears from 1992 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and an increase of $693,400 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation. The increase in Salaries and Expenses
reflects increased personnel and support costs and the additional resources'
associated with environmental education. Of the Increase in AC&C, $500,000 will-
be available to the Council on Environmental Quality to enhance the Council's
ability to carry out its responsibility to report on environmental trends under
the National Environmental Policy Act, including its inter-agency coordination
efforts and its reporting and analysis efforts. Resources for the National
Environmental Education Act will support, in part, grant assistance to encourage
promising environmental education activities, educational internships and
fellowships, and an environmental education and training program.
In 1993, the Office of Communications, Education and Public Affairs will
continue to inform, educate, and involve the public with the issues before the
Agency; assure continued growth.in the management of EPA's National Network for
Environmental Management Studies (NNMES); coordinate'the country's environmental
education efforts; and promote an understanding of the Agency's mission and the
Administrator's goals and objectives. The Office has the primary responsibility
to efficiently and effectively administer continuous dialogue with public and
private interest organizations so they may be actively involved in the
development and implementation of prudent public policy.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $12,545,500 supported by 69.2
total workyears for this Office, of which $5,738,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,806,600 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. In addition to working with the news media and
providing informational materials for the general public, the Office continues
to emphasize: (1) improving coordination within the Agency on communication
activities related to major Agency actions, and (2) strengthening long range
11-20
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planning of public information activities in coordination with major EPA program
offices and the Regional offices. The program is continuing to support
environmental education by supporting new initiatives needed to implement the
National Environmental Educational Act as well as assuring continued growth in
the management of EPA's National Network for Environmental Management Studies
(NNEMS) and providing increased audio visual support for the Agency and
information materials for the general public and private interest organizations.
Funds for the Environmental Education Act support, in part, grant assistance to
encourage promising environmental education activities, educational internships
and fellowships, and an environmental education and training program.
Congressional Directives. A total of $390,000 is for the Congressionally
directed project for satellite education.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $4,783,300 supported by 60.7 total
workyears for this Office, of which $4,203,600 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $534,700 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. In addition to the general activities of informing the news media
and providing information material to the public, the Office improved
communications coordination within the Agency as it related to major Agency
actions, and strengthened long range planning of public information activities
in coordination with major EPA program offices and Regional offices. The program
supported environmental education by supporting new initiatives needed to
implement the National Environmental Education Act as well as provided increased
audio visual support for the Agency and information materials for the general
public and private interest organizations.
OFFICE OF EXECUTIVE SUPPORT
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,677,200 supported by 31.4 total workyears
for this program, of which, $2,177,200 will be for the Salaries arid Expenses
appropriation and $500,000 will be from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $276,900 and 9.8 total workyears
in the Salary and Expenses appropriation, and an increase of $500,000 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation from 1992. The decrease
represents 1992 resources internally redirected and placed in reserve in this
account by the Agency to support special agency initiatives in 1992 only.
Resources within the Office of Executive support will be used for the
Executive Secretariat to control an ever increasing amount of correspondence;
routing, logging and tracking FOIA requests; and to foster a more active role for
the Agency-wide FOI Coordinator including FOI policy development, oversight and
monitoring compliance of the FOI Act and its Regulations, developing and
coordinating Agency FOI policies, and guiding and training for the Agency FOI
staff. The Office will also continue to develop resource determinations in
support of various staff office functions, ongoing personnel, financial,
administrative management functions, internal controls for waste fraud and abuse
of government resources and staff office automation support. The $500,000 in
Abatement, Control and Compliance resources will be used to develop and
strengthen the Agency's Total Quality Management Program.
11-21
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1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,454,100 and 41.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
Resources within this program office monitor resource expenditures; develop
the outyear budget for the staff offices; and provide centralized personnel
management support services, automated resources support, internal control
reviews and assistance to staff offices with recruitment, staffing, and property
control. The Executive Secretariat continues to prepare a yearly report to
Congress on the cost to the Agency and to the public of administering the Freedom
of Information Act, provides policy and program oversight on the Freedom of
Information Act, and manages and tracks executive and Congressional
correspondence.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $1,489,800 and 28.3 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the -Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Office completed monthly financial and operating plan reports,
developed the outyear budget for the staff offices, and conducted workload
analyses for Regional Management. In addition, it provided assistance and
staffing plan development, program management services, internal control review
and resource and computer planning studies for the Administrator's staff offices.
The newly established Executive Secretariat Office logged, controlled and
monitored all Freedom of Information requests, Congressional correspondence, an<^
correspondence addressed to the Administrator and the Deputy Administrator.
OFFICE OF REGIONAL OPERATIONS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,170,000 supported by 20.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,570,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $600,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. -This represents a decrease of $16,500 and 2.9 in total workyears
from 1992 in the Salary and Expenses appropriation and an increase of $600,000
in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The Office will continue
to ensure that the Administrator's policies are effectively communicated to the
Regional Administrators; that the Administrator is alerted to potential Regional
problems and concerns; that the Administrator is assisted in managing significant
Regional issues; and that the basic management needs of the Environmental
Services Divisions are addressed. The Office will also continue its
implementation of leadership and guidance activities to support community
relations efforts throughout the Agency, to maintain Agency liaison with state
and local officials while increasing activities to enhance technology transfer
capabilities and ensure emphasis on Federalism, and support Native American
efforts. This leadership will especially emphasize relations with small
communities through the use of the increased Abatement, Control and Compliance
resources requested in 1993.
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1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,586,500 and 23.5 .total
workyears, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The
Office provides a key communications link between the Administrator and the ten
Regional offices, plays an active part in Regional budget issues, implements
Agency guidance in community relations activities to provide maximum tribal,
state and local involvement in EPA's decisions, and provides guidance for, and
oversight of, the ten Environmental Services Divisions. The Office will increase
leadership and guidance activities to support community relations efforts
throughout the Agency especially for small communities and will continue to
maintain Agency liaison with state and local officials while increasing
activities to enhance technology transfer capabilities and ensure emphasis' on
Federalism, and support Native American efforts.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $1,390,000 and 20.3 total workyears
for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The Office ensured that the Administrator's policies were effectively
communicated to the Regional Administrators, that the Regions were included in
the policy-making and decision-making processes, and that the Administrator was
kept informed of Regional concerns and issues. The Office also initiated regular
dialogue on environmental issues with local government and tribal organizations.
In addition, the Office carried out its responsibility as the Headquarters focal
point.for the Agency's Environmental Services Divisions.
IMMEDIATE OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,536,700 and 51.5 total workyears for this
program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
represents an increase of' $311,600 and 2.3 in total workyears from 1992. The
increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects personnel and support costs necessary
to provide management oversight and direction to the Agency's Environmental
Education program and to more fully support the Agency's judicial review
conducted by the Environmental Appeals Board. The Office is responsible for
Agency policy and direction, and for setting environmental goals. The resource
increase will allow necessary increased staffing for the Environmental Appeals
Board (EAB). The EAB will replace the Chief Judicial Officer staff and expand
the decision making capability of this function by creating a three judge panel
who will have the option to hear oral arguments on cases under review. Since
1983, this function has seen its caseload increase by over 400%.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,225,100 supported by 49.2
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The major priorities in the Immediate Office are: strengthening
the Agency's commitment to a multi-media policy for pollution prevention,
increasing emphasis on enforcement and compliance efforts to ensure better
internal management, improving international leadership, continuing delegations
to State and local governments, on-going support of enhanced science as a basis
11-23
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for decision-making, increasing environmental education support, and usinfl
improved methodologies for managing risk. A five member Pollution Prevention
Policy Staff is added to the Immediate Office, and the Chief Judicial Officer
function has been strengthened and renamed the Environmental Appeals Board.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $4,164,100 supported by 42.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $ 3,542,100 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, and $622,000 which was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. The major focus of activity was enforcement and
compliance efforts to ensure better international management, to meet the
increased number of requests sent to the Judicial Officer function for final
decision and improve international leadership in new and emerging global air and
water pollution issues. Emphasis continued on delegations to State and local
governments, on-going support of enhanced science as a basis for decision-making,
increased environmental education support, and use of improved methodologies for
managing risk.
ADMINISTRATOR'S REPRESENTATION FUN'D
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,000 for this program, all of which wil'
be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an increase orl
$500 from 1992. This increase will provide the Administrator the resources
necessary to meet the expanding requirements for official receptions and meetings
for visiting dignitaries. The increase will also help offset the increased cos:
of these functions over the past 10 years.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,500 to this program, all if
which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds are to cover
the expenses of official receptions and other functions.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991 the Agency obligated a total of $3,900 for this function from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This amount covered the expenses o:
official receptions and other functions.
OFFICE OF CIVIL RIGHTS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,895,600 supported by 24.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $136,500 and .1 in total workyears
from 1992. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel,
and support costs. The Office will continue to carry out national equal*
employment opportunity monitoring, compliance, and enforcement programs, mar.agr
the Agency's affirmative employment and recruitment programs, its spec La.
11-24
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emphasis programs, the discrimination complaints program, and the Historical!-.-
Black Colleges and Universities program. The Office of Civil Rights will also
continue to provide technical guidance and direction to the Agency's civil rights
efforts and provide policy guidance. Emphasis will continue on reducing the
average processing time of discrimination complaints to comply with regulatory
limits; increasing policy monitoring and support for Regional Civil Rights
Offices, as well as for the Headquarters Office of Civil Rights; providing
continuous monitoring of affirmative action plan implementation; expanding and
improving the Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) counseling program to resolve
complaints through informal conciliation; strengthening and improving the special
emphasis programs by conducting seminars and workshops for special emphasis
employees and Agency managers; increasing quantity and quality of EEO reviews and
studies; and improving the implementation of the Agency regulations regarding
non-discrimination in Federally assisted programs. Emphasis will continue to
be placed on reducing severe under representation of minority and women
employees, especially at the executive and supervisory levels.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,759,100 and 24.7 total
workyears for this Office, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources enable the Office of Civil Rights to continue to
provide technical guidance and direction for the Agency's Civil Rights efforts.
The Office is strengthening and improving the special emphasis programs by
conducting seminars and workshops for special emphasis employees and Agency
managers, is responsible for initiating and supporting employee participation in
programs established to advance career opportunities for secretarial and clerical
employees and women in science and engineering, and continues to conduct EEO
reviews and studies and provide management support and quality contrpl through
on-site program evaluations. The Office continues to implement the Agency's
regulations regarding non-discrimination in Federally-assisted programs with
emphasis placed on reducing the average processing time for complaints of
discrimination in compliance with the regulatory limit and to provide increased
management support and quality control through on-site evaluations. Emphasis
continues on reducing severe under representation of minority and women
employees, especially at the executive and supervisory levels.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $1,703,100 supported by 22.1 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Office of Civil Rights carried out national equal employment
opportunity monitoring and enforcement programs; managed the Agency's affirmative
action program, special emphasis programs and the discrimination complaints
program; implemented regulations and programs requiring EPA grant recipients to
adhere to the civil rights laws and labor standard requirements of applicable
Federal statutes; and served as the Agency's focal point for the Historically
Black Colleges and Universities program. Specifically, the Office evaluated
activities requijred to carry out the Agency's responsibilities to assure equal
opportunity and to prohibit discrimination in employment at EPA; ensured
implementation of the Agency's Special Emphasis Programs (Federal Women's,
Hispanic Employment and Black Employment Programs); implemented and monitored the
Agency's Affirmative Action Plans to remedy under representation in the
workforce; and assured compliance by Agency grantees and contractors with
11-25
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provisions of civil rights lavs and labor standards requirements cf applicabl
Federal statutes.
SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1.938,600 supported by 25.4 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $258,500 and .1 in total workyears
from 1992. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel
and support costs. In 1993, approximately 65 regulatory issues will be
identified for the Science Advisory Board (SAB) to review, an increase of 1-
reviews from 1992.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $1.680,100 supported by 2:. 2
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Science Advisory Soard is providing expert, independent
advice to the Administrator and the Agency on 51 scientific and technical issues
before the Agency. SAB will also utilize the newly established Environmental
Economics Advisory Committee.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $1,609.500 supported by 20.0 total^
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The SAB was involved in 60 reviews during 1991. Included a~cr.z
these reviews-were issues relating to hazardous air pollutants, toxic substances.
drinking water, municipal waste combustion, radiological protection, radon,
Superfund science, risk assessment and ecology. SAB also established the new
Environmental Economics Advisory Committee.
OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,566,800 supported by 19.7 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,339,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and $227,400 will be for the Oil Spill Response appropriation.
This represents an increase of $131,600 and .1 total workyear from 1992. The
increase in Salaries.and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs.
Resources in this program provide support for the administrative review of cases
involved with the Clean Air Act and Toxic Substances Control Act cases related
to the Asbestos Hazardous Emergency Response Act. These cases are the result of
noncompliance with asbestos regulations by school districts.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,435.200 supported by 19.6
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses^
appropriation. The Office expects to receive most of the cases from EPA Regional
Offices in 1992. Of the cases received from the regions, approximately 136 cases
11-26
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are expected to be ur.der the Resource Conservation ar.d Re-cove:".- Act ?.:?..-. . j 1.
•:ases under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) . and 152 cases under the
Federal Insecticide. Fungicide and Rodenticide Act {FIFRA). In addition these
regional cases, this Office will handle cases originating at Headquarters.
including suspensions ; cancellations; Sec. 3(c)(l)(D) of the Federal Insecticide.
Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA); Clean Air Act cases; and Emergencv
Planning and Community Right to Know Act cases.
In 1991 the Agency obligated a total of $1.167,200 and 17.7 total workyears
for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This Office maintained a docket of 8^4 cases. Of these cases, 136 were under
RCRA; 312 were under TSCA; and 152 cases were under FIFRA.
RISK ASSESSMENT MANAGEMENT COMMISSION
'.?93 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9u3,000 supported by 3.0 total workvears
for this program, of which $193,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $750,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Corr.pliar.ee
appropriation. This represents an increase of $193,000 and 2.0 total workvears
from 1992 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and an increase of $750. OC1
from 1992 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Resources will
be available to the Commission to carry out its mandate under the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990. The Commission will investigate the policv implications arc
appropriate uses of risk assessment and risk management in regulatory progra.r.s
under various Federal laws to prevent cancer and other chronic human health
effects which may -result from exposure to hazardous substances.
1932 Program
This will be a new program for 1993.
1991 Accomplishments
This will be a new program for 1993.
NATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING FOUNDATION
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,000,000 for this program all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
an increase of $1,000,000 from 1992 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. Resources will be used to match private sector grants for the
benefit of, and in connection with, the environmental education and training
activities and services of the Agency and to facilitate the cooperation.
coordination, and contribution of public and private resources to create an
environmentally advanced education system.
11-27
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1992 Program
This will be a new program for 1993.
1991 Accomplishments
This will be a new program for 1993.
11-28
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Office of Inspector General
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Inspector General 11-29
Office of Inspector General 11-30
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Inspector General
ACTUAL PRES. . ENACTED -CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE •
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Office of Inspector
General
Office of Inspector $20,127.6 $23,148.0 $23,U8.0 $23,148.0 $25,188.0 $2,040.0
General
TOTAL $20,127.6 $23,U8.0 $23,148.0 $23,148.0 $25,188.0 $2,040.0
Office of Inspector 247.2 266.0 266.0 266.0 300.0 34.0
General
Office of Inspector 250.6 266.0 266.0 266.0 300.0 34.0
General
11-29
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of the Inspector General
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $40,828,000 supported by 460.5 total
workyears for 1993, an increase of $2,891,000 and 94.2 total workyears from
1992. All of this request will be for the Inspector General appropriation to
audit Agency programs and operations. Additionally, the Agency is requestir.g
$4,530,000 for support costs that are displayed in the Office of
Administration and Resources Management accounts.
Program Description
The Office of Inspector General (DIG) is responsible for conducting,
supervising, and coordinating audits and investigations relating to EPA
programs and operations; promoting economy, efficiency, and effectiveness in
the administration of EPA programs; preventing and detecting fraud and abuse
in EPA programs and operations; keeping the Administrator and Congress advised
of problem areas and related corrective action; and reviewing EPA regulations
and legislation.
OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $25,188,000 supported by 300.0 total
workyears, all of which will be for the Management portion of the Office of
Inspector General (OIG) appropriation. This represents an increase of
$2,040,000 and 34.0 total workyears from 1992. We will use this increase in
resources to expand our audits and investigations in the areas of financial
and management integrity and management support.
We will continue to provide our wide-ranging audit and investigative
coverage of Agency programs and operations to ensure that the Agency's risk of
financial loss is minimized and that its programs are delivered as efficiently
as possible through (1) performance audits which uncover weaknesses in EPA
management systems and provide recommendations to improve EPA programs; (2)
audits of wastewater treatment construction grants and State Revolving Funds
and other grants awarded by the Agency; (3) audits of Agency contracts; (4)
investigations of illegal activities and misconduct of EPA employees,
grantees, and contractors; (5) regional and intergovernmental liaison and
participation in the activities of the President's Council on Integrity and
Efficiency; (6) the Agency's suspension and debarment activities; (7) reviews
of proposed and existing legislation and regulations; and (8) management of
the Agency's personnel security program.
We will focus on the cross-program initiative of financial and management:
11-30
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integrity (including procurement and concract/grant management, financial
management, and internal control). Expanded in-house audits of procurement
and contract/grant management in 1993 will provide greater assurance thac
EPA's extensive contract dollars are used effectively and efficiently. We
will also expand audits of financial management to ensure the Agency
accounting systems and financial reports are useful and reliable. The DIG
will provide additional support of the Agency's needs for indirect cost
proposal, pre-award, interim, and final audits of contracts through
development of in-house audit expertise. DIG external audits of grants and
contracts in 1991 resulted in over $41 of costs questioned as ineligible for
each audit dollar spent.
Financial statements have not been prepared since the present accounting
system was implemented. Prior audits have found that EPA's accounting svsce-s
do not provide complete, consistent, reliable, and timely information for
Agency decision making. The Chief Financial Officers Act addresses
longstanding Congressional and Administration concerns about financial
management deficiencies in the Federal government which must be corrected. We
are committed to providing expanded audit coverage which includes auditing
financial statements.
The OIG will also conduct audits and investigations to ensure the
integrity (accuracy and reliability) of scientific data crucial to EPA's
accomplishing its mission. We will review whether EPA is receiving what it is
paying for in terms of personnel and independent, objective, and accurate data
for use in making critical environmental decisions. Also, we anticipate an
increased number of procurement investigations and an attendant increase ir.
the number of employee integrity investigations as it pertains to the
procurement process.
The OIG will emphasize its high impact investigations of procurement fraud
by creating a new division totally dedicated to this initiative. We will also
aggressively pursue new initiatives, including fraud in Agency funded
research. By focusing our efforts in procurement and taking more proactive
investigative initiatives, the OIG expects to obtain greater results,
including more indictments, convictions, and monetary recoveries. The OIG
will continue its efforts in fraud prevention by publicizing OIG activities,
instructing EPA employees to identify areas sensitive to fraud, and
developing new fraud detection tools and methods.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $23,148,000 supported by
266.0 total workyears, all of which is from the Management portion of the OIG
appropriation. The OIG will continue to perform performance based audits
needed to help improve the economy, efficiency, and effectiveness of the
Agency's overall program operations. Primary emphasis is on reviewing
programs or areas which have previously received limited audit coverage. The
OIG is continuing its long-term comprehensive audit approach to address
several broad-range issues that are beyond the scope of any single audit.
Initially, the OIG is addressing contract and financial management issues.
Such reviews assist Agency managers in identifying and correcting major
systemic problems which in turn strengthen environmental programs. These
reviews help the Agency meet its mission while ensuring that limited resources
11-31
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are used more efficiently and effectively. The OIG will also follow up on
findings and recommendations from previous audits.to determine whether
corrective actions agreed on were taken and improvements made. Additionally,
the OIG is continuing necessary preparatory work in support of the Chief
Financial Officers Act.
The OIG investigative resources are primarily devoted to conducting
criminal investigations relating to EPA programs and operations. Major
investigations cover procurement fraud, conspiracy and other fraud in EPA-
funded construction activities, false claims, fraud and misconduct concerning
EPA employees, and administrative investigations of improprieties involving
EPA programs and personnel. New initiatives have been aggressively started to
identify fraud by contractors and fraud in Agency funded research projects.
Efforts are continuing to encourage the use of the OIG hotline to uncover
instances of suspected fraud, waste, and mismanagement. Under the fraud
prevention program, the OIG is providing technical and audit assistance to the
Agency by assessing the adequacy of internal controls as required by the
Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act of 1982.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $20,127,600 supported by 248.5
total workyears, all of which was from the Management portion of the OIG
appropriation. The OIG issued 1,688 audit reports with questioned costs and
recommended efficiencies of $896,100,000. During the year, the Agency
obtained $80,300,000 of actual cash recoveries as a result of audit efforts.
Under an expanded performance audit program, 45 percent of the direct audit
resources were devoted to examining many critical areas. Performance audits
provided recommendations for improving the effectiveness, efficiency, and
results of EPA program operations. Key improvements resulting from OIG audits
included initiation of actions by the Agency to: (1) significantly improve the
Agency's financial management system, (2) more aggressively pursue the
regulation of potentially harmful chemical substances; and (3) deobligate
nearly $49 million of wastewater treatment facility construction grant funds
that could be used for needed projects. The OIG also found that needed
corrective actions identified in previous audits of the Agency's audit follow-
up system and Region 9's air grants program were not always adequate,
effective, or timely.
All investigative activities focusing on major civil and criminal
violations resulted in 55 indictments and 27 convictions of persons or firms,
49 administrative actions taken against EPA employees, and the recovery of
$8,189,177 in judgments, fines and restitution. The OIG also acted to .
suspend, debar, or restrict 238 dishonest or unresponsive persons and firms
from doing business with EPA. The OIG opened 257 new investigations and
closed 284 investigations. Significant results were achieved from
investigations of wastewater treatment facility construction grants, contract
services, and other programs. The OIG also continued a fraud prevention and
detection awareness program for EPA managers to encourage and improve their
recognition and reporting of possible fraud and abuse.
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Office of General Counsel
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Pagf
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of General Counsel 11-33
Office of General Counsel 11-34
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the General Counsel
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE •
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Office Of General
Counsel
Salaries i Expenses $10,554.2 $12,178.6 $11,475.9 $11,535.9 $12,716.8 $1,180.9
Abatement Control and $255.0 $255.0
Compliance
Reregistration and $22.3
Expedited Processing
TOTAL $10,576.5 $12,178.6 $11,475.9 $11,535.9 $12,971.8 $1,435.9
Office Of General 126.1 163.4 163.4 163.5 163.4 -1
Counsel
Office Of General 135.7 163.4 163.4 163.5 163.4 -1
Counsel
11-33
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of General Counsel
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $ 12.971,800 and 163.4 total workyears for
1993, an increase of $ 1,435,900 and a decrease of 0.1 in total workyears from
1992. Of the request, $ 12,716,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and $255,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $ 1,180,900 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $255,000 for the Abatement, Control ar.c
Compliance appropriation, an increase of 0.9 total workyears for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and a decrease of 1.0 total workyears for the
Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund.
GENERAL COUNSEL
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $ 12.971,800 and 163.4 total workyears for
this program, of which $ 12,716,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and $255,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $ 1,180,900 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $ 255,000 for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, an increase of 0.9 total workyears for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and a decrease of 1.0 total workyears for the
Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund from 1992. The increase
in Salaries and Expenses will provide for increased office support and personnel
costs.
The Office of General Counsel (OGC) will provide legal advice and counsel
to Agency management and media program offices concerning legal interpretation
of EPA administered statutes, other applicable laws, regulations and
administrative areas such as personnel, grants, contracts, and access by the
public to EPA held information. The OGC will handle litigation in which EPA is
a defendant. Legal support and review will be provided for all major regulatory
actions, policy documents and guidelines to insure chat legal error is avoided.
OGC's request includes an increase of 0.9 total workyears for additional support
to the implementation of the Clean Air Act, particularly for ozone and carbon
monoxide attainment, mobile source rulemakings, hazardous air pollutants, permit
issues, and acid deposition controls. The request includes a decrease of 1.0
total workyears to the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund.
OGC will utilize Salaries and Expenses appropriation funds to provide needed
support to reregistration activities related to the 1988 FIFRA Amendments. A
request of $255,000 is included for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation for computerized legal research capability because this icei
constitutes direct contractual support of enforcement, rulemaking, legal defense.
11-34
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and assistance activities. Funds for this purpose were previously budgeted u^
the Salaries and Expenses .appropriation. Computerized legal research in di|
support of Superfund activities will continue to be paid out of the SuperfSffS
appropriation.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $ 11.535,900 supported by
163.-5 total workyears for this program. All funds are from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. Total workyears include 162.5 from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and 1.0 from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing
Revolving Fund. The 1992 program provides continued support to Agency program
priorities through legal advice and assistance, handling defensive litigation,
review of Agency rulemaking actions, participating in selected administrative
proceedings, and assisting in international negotiations.
OCC will support reregistration activities related to the 1988 FIFRA
Amendments, particularly to Phase IV and Phase V of the reregistration process
to support the Agency in any litigation against it and to assist in making
precedential legal and policy decisions on the first pesticides that go through
the process.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991. the Agency obligated a total of $ 10.554,200 supported by 135.7
total workyears. All funds were from the Salaries and Expenses appropriatio
Total workyears included 135.4 from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
0.3 from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. In 1990,
the OCC supported priorities by providing legal advice and support to Agency
managers and by defending the Agency in litigation filed against it. OCC also
reviewed regulatory actions to ensure legal defensibility and provided advice on
other actions, such as grants, contracts, personnel matters, and international
matters.
OGC supported reregistration activities related to the 1988 FIFRA
Amendments through assistance to the establishment of the basic regulatory
framework for reregistration, and handling litigation which resulted from new
requirements.
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of International
Activilus
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Pag<
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of International Activities 11-36
Office of International Activities 11-37
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of International Activities
ACTUAL
1991
PRES.
BUDGET
1992
ENACTED
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
REQUEST
1993
INCREASE *
DECREASE -
1993 VS 1992
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Office of International
Activities
Salaries ft Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$3,962.7 $4,900.8 $4,991.7 $4,991.7 $6,171.9 $1,180.2
$1,996.9 $1,249.9 $1,450.1 $6,424.9 $4,092.8 -$2.332.1
TOTAL $5,959.6 $6,150.7 $6,441.8 $11,416.6 $10,264.7 -$1,151.9
Office of International
Activities
Office of International
Activities
50.5
51.7
61.0
61.0
61.0
61.0
60.7
68.7
75.0
75.0
14.3
6.3
11-36
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of International Activities
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,264,700 supported by 75.0 total
workyears for 1993, a decrease of $1,151,900 and an increase of 6 workyears from
1992. Of the request, $6,171,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and $4,092,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,180,200 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and a decrease of $2,332,100 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,264,700 supported by 75.0 total
workyears for 1993, a decrease of $1,151,900 and an increase of 6 workyears from
1992. Of the request, $6,171,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and $4,092,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,180,200 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and a decrease of $2,332,100 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. The AC&C decrease reflects the inclusion in 1992 of
the $5 million Mexican Border reprogramming, which was recently denied by the
Appropriation Committees. The request reflects the Agency's commitment to: (1)
the implementation of the President's US-Mexico Integrated Border Plan, (2) the
strengthening of regional environmental protection in the Caribbean, (3) the
further development of its two year old technical assistance program in Eastern
Europe, and (4) the advancement of programs related to environmental technology
transfer.
In 1993 the Office of International Activities will continue to serve as
the focal point for implementation of the US-Mexico Integrated Border
Environmental Plan. Resources will be focused on the coordination of this
bilateral cross media effort. These resources will provide the ability to
coordinate efforts in the first stage of the Plan (192-1994) where enforcement,
water, air, hazardous waste, and industrial source control activities will be
linked with work done by other Federal agencies, SEDUE, and the International
Boundary and Water Commission.
The Office of International Activities will expand and reinforce its
activities in the Caribbean region. Increased resources will be committed to
supporting a cooperative environmental institute and consortium in the Wider
Caribbean located in San Juan, Puerto Rico. OIA will draw upon a public-private
partnership concept to accomplish goals such as environmental education;
technical assistance and training; information sharing; data management; and
environmental research, development, and demonstration. The Agency's activities
11-37
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in the Caribbean will be closely coordinated with its Gulf of Mexico Program to
ensure maximum benefits both to the nations of the Caribbean and to the US states
with coastlines on the Gulf of Mexico.
The Office of International Activities will target regional and bilateral
programs in Eastern Europe as well as the republics of the former Soviet Union.
Resources will be directed toward projects with linkages to sustainable
environmental and economic policy development, and environmental law and
regulation enforcement, while emphasizing pollution prevention.
The Office of International Activities will enhance its efforts in
technology transfer in priority countries by building on its experience in the
Mexican Border, Eastern Europe and the Caribbean. Increased resources will fund
the establishment of a coordinated technology cooperation program which will
maximize leverage, stress a regional approach, and make use of technical
assistance modules that can be applied widely
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $11,416,600 supported by 68.7
total workyears for this program, of which $4,991,700 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,424,900 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance Appropriation. This PE still reflects a $5 million reprogramming
that was recently denied. Due to the timing of the denial and the time necessary
to reverse the reprogramming, the change to the PE will be made after the
President's Budget has been submitted.
In advancing the international activities of the Agency, the Office has
completed, in cooperation with the Government of Mexico, the first stage of the
US-Mexico Integrated Border Plan; is launching a technology transfer
clearinghouse (ENVIROTECH); and is distributing worldwide environmental technical
information packages (TIPS) relating to technical information on resources
available in the environmental area. Jointly with other government agencies, it
is establishing the US Environmental Training Institute that will provide a
cooperative public-private forum for international environmental education. The
Office will be a major player in supporting US Government efforts at the UN
Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro. The Office is
continuing its bilateral activities with the nations of Europe and Asia. The
Office is also continuing its efforts in Eastern Europe, and initiating
activities in with the republics of the former Soviet Union.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991 the Agency allocated a total of $5,959,600 and 52.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,962,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,996,900 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. The Office devised EPA's international strategy on the
environment, participated in negotiations on the Framework Convention on Climate
Change, developed the basis for technology transfer strategies, formulated and
implemented the Agency's coordinated Eastern European program, and supported
negotiation of the Acid Rain Accord with Canada and the London amendments to the
Montreal Protocol on ozone depleting substances, as well as increased cooperative
ties with the European Community.
11-38
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Office of Federal
Activities
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Pag€
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Federal Activities 11-39
Office of Federal Activities 11-40
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Federal Activities
ACTUAL
1991
PRES.
BUDGET
1992
ENACTED
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
REQUEST
1993
INCREASE *
DECREASE -
1993 VS 1992
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Office of Federal
Activities
Salaries & Expenses
$2.012.4 $2.319.4 $2,319.4 $25.3
TOTAL $2,012.4 $2,319.4 $2,319.4 $25.3
•$25.3
•$25.3
Office of Federal
Activities
26.6
31.7
31.7
Office of Federal
Activities
28.2
31.7
31.7
11-39
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of Federal Activities
Budget Request
This program was restructured in 1992 and combined with the Office of
Federal Activities (OFA) Environmental Review and Coordination (ERC) program in
the Abatement. Control, and Compliance appropriation. This change consolidates
the Headquarters and Regional resources into a single program element and
reflects the prior Agency reorganization which combined OFA under the Office of
Enforcement.
FEDERAL ACTIVITIES
1993 Program Request
This program was restructured in 1992 and combined with the Office of
Federal Activities (OFA) Environmental Review and Coordination (ERC) program. The
OFA request, included in the ERC program, is for a total of $2,242.000 and 31.0
total workyears, all of which will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
Appropriation.
1992 Program
This program was restructured in 1992 and combined with the Office of
Federal Activities (OFA) Environmental Review and coordination (ERC) program.
The OFA, included in the ERC program, is allocating a total of $2,160,100 and
30.4 total workyears, all of which will be for the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance Appropriation.
1991 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $2,012,400 and 28.2 total workyears for
this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This office focused its activities on: ensuring that EPA programs conform
with NEPA and other cross-cutting Federal environmental statutes; reviewing other
Federal actions for potential environmental impact; analyzing EPA policies
associated with other Federal agencies; overseeing the implementation of the EPA
Indian policy; providing support for international environmental impact
activities; and operating the Federal Environmental Impact Statement filing
effort. The program expanded its involvement in a number of international
issues: worked with the EPA Office of International Activities, the Treasury
Department, State Department, and the Agency for International Development to
assist in developing the environmental review capabilities of developing nations
and multilateral lending agencies. The Agency's Indian program was strengthened
by the implementation of the multimedia assistance agreement program to provide
an opportunity for Tribes to develop environmental programs tailored to their
individual tribal needs. The multimedia assistance program was successful with
11-40
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29 awards to 47 Tribes, including 23 Tribes in 5 consortia. These a2reerr.er-s a
the basis for Tribes to manage inspection, mo.nitoring, planning, envirbraer.
needs assessment, and corrective action activities as well as specific de^eeac
programs. * 5
11-41
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'iice of Policy, Planning
and Evaluate
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation 11-42
Program Management - Policy, Planning and Evaluation 11-43
Office of Policy Analysis 11-45
Office of Regulatory Management and Evaluation 11-47
Renamed: Office of Strategic Planning & Environmental Data . . 11-49
Office of Pollution Prevention 11-50
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program Management -
Policy, Planning And
Evaluation
Salaries & Expenses
Office of Policy
Analysis
Salaries t Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Office of Regulatory
Management and
Evaluation
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Office of Pollution
Prevent i on
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$1,421.7 S1.383.8 $1,339.5 SI,339.5 $1,466.4 S126.9
TOTAL $1,421.7 $1,383.8 $1,339.5 $1.339.5 $1,466.4 $126.9
$8,315.0 $9,062.3 $8,306.1 $8,306.1 $10,994.2 $2,688.1
$12,508.6 $16,090.1 $18,060.1 $17,736.2 $19,110.9 $1,374.7
TOTAL $20,823.6 $25,152.4 $26,366.2 $26,042.3 $30,105.1 $4,062.8
$7,221.8 $7,448.0 $7,096.4 $7,096.4 $4,874.1 -$2,222.3
$611.4 $2,811.3 $2,311.3 $2,254.9 $613.7 -$1,641.2
TOTAL $7,833.2 $10,259.3 $9.407.7 $9,351.3 $5,487.8 -$3,863.5
$5,945.3 $6,171.3 $4,041.9 $4,041.9 $6,407.8 $2,365.9
$1,576.5 $2,437.7 $1,182.6 $1,134.1 $1,837.7 $703.6
TOTAL $7,521.8 $8,609.0 $5,224.5 $5,176.0 $8,245.5 $3,069.5
Program Management -
Policy, Planning And
Evaluation
Office of Policy
Analysis
Office of Regulatory
Management and
Evaluation
Office of Pollution
Prevent i on
Program Management -
Policy, Planning And
Evaluation
Office of Policy
Analysis
Office of Regulatory
Management and
Evaluation
Office of Pollution
Prevention
19.0
18.8 18.8 18.8 18.8
81.7 91.3 91.3 91.3 106.9
61.8 71.6 46.1 46.1 68.0
20.1
18.8 18.8 18.8 18.8
85.4 91.3 91.3 91.3 106.9
76.8 90.1 90.1 90.1 56.6
67.2 71.6 46.1 46.1 68.0
15.6
74.0 90.1 90.1 90.1 56.6 -33.5
21.9
15.6
-33.5
21.9
11-42
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y-A.NAG-Mi.vT A:;- SUPP-CRT
Agency Management
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
Budget Resuest
The Ager.cy requests a total of $45,304,300 supported by 250.3 total work/ears
for 1993, an increase of $3.395.700 and an increase of 4.0 total workyears' £rex
1992. Of the request. $23,742.500 will be for -.he Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $21,562,300 will be for the Abatement. Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,958,600 in the Salaries ar.d
Expenses appropriation, and an increase of $437,100 in the Abatement. Central and
Compliance appropriation.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - POLICY. PLANNING AND EVALUATION
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1.466.400 supported by 18.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriate::-.
This represents an increase of $126,900 from 1992. The increase results fr:r.
increased personnel and support costs and the one-time general reduction ir.
1992.
Funding at this level will provide the Assistant Administrator (AA) and staff
with sufficient resources for the policy direction and management of the regul-a::rv
review process as well as for special analyses. It will continue the budgetary ir.z
administrative'operations needed for efficient management of the Office of Poliry.
Planning and Evaluation (OPPE) as well as provide the needed oversight ::r
strengthening internal controls. Resources will allow implementation of a strrr.g
human resources management program reflecting the Agency's continued commitr.er.t ::
this area. It also enables the AA to respond to inquiries from Congress ar.d :r.e
Office of Management and Budget as well as to coordinate the Agency response tr
General Accounting Office evaluations of EPA programs and information requests.
All these activities will be conducted under the new OPPE organization vr.^:~.
reflects the transfer of the Pollution Prevention Division to the Office c:
Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances (OPPTS) as well as some interr.al
shifts among OPPE offices.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $1.339.500 supported by 15.=
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This program provides overall policy direction and leadership ..-.
the integration of environmental protection activities, and conducts activities
necessary to manage the component offices of OPPE.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $1,421,700 supported by 20.1 t:tal
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
11-43
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appropriation. These funds provided relic? direction and supported :.-.e :sj_:
budgetary, administrative, analytic and olanr.ir.g activities r.ecessary -3 za^ftk
OPPE.
OFFICE OF POLICY ANALYSIS SPA)
19°3 Program Resuest
The Agency requests a total of S30.1C5.1CO supported by 106.9 total vorkyears
for this program, of which $10,994,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $19,110,900 will be for the Abatement, Control arid Compliance
apropriation. This represents an increase of $2,688,100 and an increase of
$1,374,700, respectively, and an increase of 15.6 total w'orkyears from 1992. The
increases in Salaries and Expenses result from efforts to strengthen the Agency's
economic analysis capability, increased personnel and support costs, and the cr.e-
time general reduction in 1992. Additionally OPA receives the economic analysis
and research, and trade and the environment functions that were relocated in tr.^s
office as part of an OPPE reorganization. The increase in Abatement, Control a.-.d
Compliance reflects expanded efforts in economic incentives analysis and trade ar.i
energy policy as they relate to the environment as well as resources asscciaze-
with the reorganization. The one-time Congressional add-on for climate char.ge
policy analysis has been partially sustained.
OPA will analyze EPA's highest priority regulatory and non-regulatory
initiatives, particularly those posing opportunities for "clustering" activities.
OPA intends to improve the Agency's use of benefit-cost and cost-effectiveness
analyses and economic and market-based incentives; support the Ager.cy
international efforts in global climate change, forests, technical cooperation,
international trade impacts of environmental regulations; and continue a crrac
range cf activities to implement the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 and :r.e
Agency's Pollution Prevention Strategy in the industrial, energy, agricultural.
transportation, and Federal facility sectors.
1993 will be a crucial year for the development of rules, guidance, ar.i
studies central to the new Clean Air Act CCAA). OPA will undertake a detailec
economic evaluation mandated by the new Act and special analyses, focusing on i.-.e
most important provisions: nonattainment. mobile sources, and air toxics.
OPA will assist in implementing clean water and groundwater protection
strategies and in designing legislative initiatives, especially those dealing witr.
drinking water, effluent guidelines, storm water, pretreaunent, water quality
standards, and combined sewer overflows. CPA will focus on agricultural, forestry.
land, and wildlife management, reducing contamination from agriculture drainage
wells, reserving water rights for ecological purposes, evaluating habitats, and the
feasibility of wetlands mitigation and banking.
Hazardous waste efforts will involve analysis of the economic ar.c
environmental effects of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) ar.z
Comprehensive Environmental Response. Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA
regulatory actions, non-regulatory initiatives and reauthorization, includi.-.;
Subtitle D. large volume wastes, corrective action, siting of waste facilities.
costs and benefits of waste remediation, ar.d promotion of economic incentives.
11-44
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0?A will focus on integrated toxics assessments, including life ;T:.e
assessments of lead, asbestos, key waste issues and pollution prever.ticr.
activities. Developing innovative solutions, such as economic incentive
approaches, and evaluating ecological benefits, will be a major consideration. :?A
will analyze the cost-effectiveness of Special Review and registration decisions
under the Federal Insecticide. Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and will
conduct special studies to improve analytical techniques to increase the use of
cluster approaches and of pollution prevention. It will support the Agency's
'cluster* efforts through multi-media analyses of priorities based on risk ar.d
cost-effectiveness.
Integration of energy and environmental issues and work with the Department
of Energy (DOE) and with State public utility commissions and energy agencies will
focus on incorporating environmental concerns in utility, rate design and demand-
side management programs, and conducting economic analyses of domestic energy
policy options in support of the National Energy Strategy. Major emphasis will be
placed on analyzing energy options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, an important
aspect cf the global climate change program.
OPA will continue its lead role in coordinating the Agency's expanded global
climate change agenda, with a focus on assessing economic implications of clir-ate
change and analyzing the impacts of the Global Forest Agreement. OPA will support
the State Department in analyzing technical, financial and institutional issues
resulting from international agreements; involve the private sector in developing
key options, such as technology cooperation.; and support developing and Eastern
European countries' participation in the climate and forest international
agreements. OPA will analyze the regional economic benefits of greenhouse gas
emission control strategies and the potential impacts of climate change in' key
developing countries. In addition. CPA will (1). support improvement of the ',".5.
greenhouse gas inventory and development of a national strategy; (2) previze
technical cooperation with key countries to stimulate economical greenhouse gas
reductions; (3) analyze innovative options for the global forest agreement, such
as trading of forest obligations; and (4) evaluate the possible trade impacts of
mitigation strategies.
OPA will evaluate linkages between environmental policy, competitiveness, -and
international trade policy, concentrating on the environmental implications of
liberalized trade for agricultural products, on potential exports of I*. 5.
environmental technologies and expertise, and possible trade and competitiveness
effects of environmental regulations. Overall. OPA will direct efforts at
increasing use of benefit-cost information in regulations. It will conduct special
studies focusing on economic incentives, environmental accounting, state and 10:2!
government finance, and ecosystem valuation.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of S25.042.300 supported by 91.3 total
workyears for this program, of which 58,306,100 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 517,736.200 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In air policy, analysis is focusing on new CAA regulations concerning
nor.attainr.ent, air toxics and mobile sources. OPA is integrating pollution
11-45
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preventicr. in CAA implementation, and working with state public utility --~_ - - •
on incorporating environmental cor.cerr.s in utility rate designs and iesar.i 5
management programs.
Working closely with other EPA offices and Federal agencies. OPA's gicbal
climate change program is evaluating options for international and domestic
response to climate change. To support sound U.S. policy and to demonstrate cost-
effective options, OPA is (1) continuing its lead role in analysis of climate and
forest convention negotiations. (2) expanding analyses of domestic options to meet
the requirements of a prospective international agreement and to implement the
National Energy Strategy, (3) quantifying economic iapacts of cliaate change, and
(4) providing support to the State Department. OPA is also analyzing possible
protocols for a global cliaate convention, especially for Eastern Europe and less-
developed countries.
OPA is assisting in implementing clean water and groundwater prctecticr.
strategies, in legislative initiatives to protect water resources, and in reviewing
major water regulations. Waste management efforts include characterising risks c:
Subtitle D and large volume wastes, defining solid wastes, and assessing impacts
of corrective actions. OPA is shifting its toxics focus to analyzing strategies
for chemicals of concern (e.g. asbestos, dioxin. lead). Cost-effectiveness a.-.c
risk/benefits are of key concern in the analysis of FIFHA registration and Special
Review decisions. As it analyzes regulations and policies. OPA is attempting ::
identify opportunities to "cluster* them around environmental problem areas.
'OPA continues to integrate policies related to agriculture, land, wildlife
management, and the environment through coordination with other agencies and
other laws such as the 1990 Food Security Act revisions. It is evaluating linkages
between environmental policy and international competitiveness and trade policy.
Throughout its programs, CPA is emphasizing economic incentives, tradeable perr.it •
schemes, price schemes, and other market-based mechanisms to more efficiently
address environmental concerns..
Congressional directives. A total of SI.970,000 is for the Congressior.ally
directed projects for global change policy activities (SI.300.000) . methane
research (5600,000). and the National Wood Energy Association ($70.000).
1991 Accsmclishments
In 1991. the Agency obligated a total of S20.823.600 supported by 85.^ total
vorkyears for this program, of which S8.2l5.:oc was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 512,308,600 was from the Abatement. Control and Compliance
appropriation.
OPA directed policy development and coordinated the Agency's activities en
global climate change, supporting domestic impact analyses, adaptive strategies ar.c
outreach in the United States; conducting five major international studies:
analyzing impacts of energy taxes; assessing domestic and international energy.
forestry, and agriculture options for limiting emissions; and working with
developing countries to examine emission and response options. In air policy, ;?A
focussed en CAA implementation with special emphasis on air toxics, acid rain ar.c
nonattainment. OPA undertook a major effort to assist DOE in implementing a
11-46
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National Energy Strategy. In water policy, CPA analyzed aaendser.ts t: tr.e :ie = -
Water Ace and assisted in the analysis of the E?A Ground-Water Strategy ar.d water
conservation policies. OPA developed and implemented cooperative programs witr.
Interior to protect and restore ecological systems, and worked with the
Department of Agriculture to develop pollution prevention measures for agriculture.
For RCRA reauthorization. OPA played a major role in analyzing industrial waste.
pollution prevention, potential economic incentives, and comparative risks ir.
Subtitle D. OPA reviewed pesticides usage, emphasizing quality of food residue
data, and cost/risk analyses of substitutes. It also contributed to the Agency's
lead risk management strategy and assessed the feasibility of market incentive
approaches for segments of the lead industry.
OFFICE OP REGULATORY MAKAGPiENT AND EVALUATION (ORME)
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,487,800 supported by 56.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $4.874,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $613,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $2,222,300. and a decrease of
$1,641,200, respectively, and a decrease of 33.5 total workyears from 1992. The
decreases reflect the transfer of the economic analysis and research function -.0
the Office of Policy Analysis and the transfer of the statistical functions to tr.e
Office of Strategic Planning and Environmental Data as part of an OP?E
reorganization. •
ORME will manage EPA's regulation development and analysis process.
continuing to refine it in response to new statutory developments and in respcr.se
to the Agency's regulatory "clusters" efforts. Through the Deputy Administrator's
Priority Rule Process and through the Regulatory Coordinator's project. ORME will
assist in early identification and resolution of contentious issues. ORME will
ensure Agency compliance with the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, Executive Orders
12291. 12498 and 12612, and the Regulatory Flexibility Act. It will work to
further implement the electronic data initiative especially in the area of
hazardous waste manifest reporting and to improve and expand electronic reporting
of biennial reporting data.
Program evaluation staff will analyze and recommend improvements to E?A
programs' effectiveness and provide suggestions for improving coordination c:
activities with states and Regions. Science policy staff will continue to work or.
ecological issues, identify opportunities to incorporate habitat considerations
into the larger decision-making framework, identify linkages between economics and
the environment, improve health risk assessments for selected minority groups.
including Native Americans, and evaluate the Agency's non-cancer risk assessment
process. Risk communication staff will support empirical research on critical risk
communication issues, promote the use of state-of-the-art risk communication
practices, and conduct and promote evaluation of key risk communication activities.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,351.300 supported by ?:.:
total workyears for this program, of which $7,096,400 is from the Salaries and
11-47
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Expenses appropriation and 32.25i.SGC is frcrr. the Abatement, ^cr.trol ar.c 10-0.1 in:-?
appropriation. "^
ORME is managing EPA's regulation development and analysis process and
providing consultative services to workgroups through the Regulatory Coordinators
Project, reporting to the Deputy Administrator. ORME is setting up electronic
reporting to support banking and trading of S02 allowances under the acid rain
program, to support the Title V permits program and establish a uniform approach
to electronic reporting of hazardous waste manifest and biennial report data.
Program evaluations are underway to assess and recommend improvements to E?A
programs' effectiveness. They include a review of the Agency's radon program, a
study of the Office of Water's non-point source program, and an assessment of
barriers to state assumption of the Section 404 program under the Clean Water Act.
Science policy work is focussing on ecological issues, programs that will maximize
the effectiveness of, and minimize the conflicts from, habitat conservation, and
identifying a framework between economics and the environment; and on evaluating
health risk (non-cancer) assessments for selected minority groups, including Native
Americans, at disproportionate risks. ORME also funds empirical research on risk
communication issues of importance to EPA program managers. If offers training en
risk communication, risk assessment and risk management.
ORME is completing work on the structure of the environmental protection
industry and the impacts of U.S. environmental regulation on industrial import and
export markets. ORME is concluding the Agency's first concerted effort to
incorporate environmental and natural resource services into a national income
accounting framework, using the Chesapeake Bay region as a case study. The
environment statistics staff is producing the first issue of the "Compendium o.^
Environmental Statistics" and the "Global Guide to Key Environmental Statistics1
It continues leadership in international environmental statistics efforts.
including its work with Canada and Mexico on environmental statistics activities.
In addition.. ORME is sponsoring the eighth Conference on Statistics, expanding the
role of the Regional offices.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $7,833,200 supported by 76.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $7.221.800 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $611,400 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
ORME directed the Agency's internal regulation development and analysis
process, ensuring compliance of regulatory and policy documents with all applicable
requirements. ORME managed a record number of regulatory negotiations and policy
dialogues involving outside constituencies in rule and policy making. ORXE
completed a study of the barriers and incentives for multi-media enforcement in E?A
programs; conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of EPA's Great Lakes
National Program Office; and initiated a review of the radon program. The science
policy staff aggressively initiated and conducted scientific and science-policy
evaluations and encouraged the implementation of its recommendations. The risk
communication program continued its support of research into public perceptions c:
chemical risks, industry response to Title III, and related risk communication
11-48
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'topics. OSME completed work on the report. Er.virorjr.er.tal Ir.vestr.er.ts: The ":;-. :f
A Clean Environment. transmitting the work to Congress as mandated by the Clear. Air
and Water Acts. The seventh Conference on Statistics drew a large audience fror.
across the Agency and included more attendees at the managerial level than previous
years. Statistical policy staff increased practical methods courses offered to the
Agency as well as statistical workshops at conferences and symposia sponsored :y
other offices, and prepared for full participation of the United Nations
Statistical Commission for Europe in advisory activities. Work in environmental
statistics included publication of the updated 'Guide to Key Environmental
Statistics in the U.S. Government" and production of a report on environmental
indicators.
OFFICE OP STRATEGIC PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL DATA fOSPED)
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8.245,500 supported by 68.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $6.407,800 will be for the Salaries and Exper.ses
appropriation and $1,337,700 will be for the Abatement. Control and Compliar.ee
appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,365,900 and an increa.se of
$703,600, respectively and an increase of 21.9 total workyears from 1992. These
increases -result from expanded efforts in environmental indicators, a one-tir.s
general reduction in 1992. and the addition of the environmental statistics ar.d
statistical policy functions that were reloccted in this office as part of an C??E
reorganization.
OSPED will manage and develop the Agency-wide strategic planning process with
a aajor focus on the development of environmental goals and the identification ar.o
use of environmental indicators to track performance toward those goals. It will
initiate assessments of the relationship of environmental strategies and the^r
impact on environmental results. The environmental priorities growing out of state
comparative risk projects will be incorporated into Regional planning and grar.t
processes. OSPED will integrate the national and Regional assessment of relative
risks into the planning process and establish risk-based priorities for the Agency
budget process. Environmental forecasts for major economic sectors will be
developed and used to assess the Agency's current strategies and their impact or.
long-term environmental problems.
OSPED will direct statistical efforts towards developing techniques ar.:
methods to assess the quality of Agency data-sets. By taking the lead in this
endeavor, OSPED will show by practical example how the quality of data can be
improved by the application of statistical methods. Concurrent with this effort
will be the continuation of technical advice to program offices and Regions.
provision of statistical courses and workshops, and sponsorship of the annual
Conference on Statistics. Staff will work closely with other Federal agencies ar.i
the international statistical community to harmonize collection of data and pror.ote
general standards for the integration of disparate data- sets. OSPED also will
focus on improving the collection, organization, and analysis of environmental data
and statistics to provide EPA with credible information for improves
decisionmaking.
11-49
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1992 Program
(See Office of Pollution Prevention)
1991
(See Office of Pollution Prevention)
OFFICE OP POLLUTION PREVENTION (OPP)
1993 Program Request
(See Office of Strategic Planning and Environmental Data)
1992. Program
In 1992. the Agency is allocating a total of S3. 176, 000 supported by i6.1
total workyears for this program, of which 34.C4l.900 is from the Salaries am
Expenses appropriation and Si. 134, 100 is from the Abatement, Control ar.i
Compliance appropriation.
OPP is managing the Agency-wide strategic planning process. It is also
managing and refining the Strategic Targeted Activities for Results Systems
(STARS) and the Action Tracking System (ATS), and working to integrate program!
and budget priorities. Measures of activities accomplished is being linked with
measures of environmental results, enabling programs' effectiveness :o be
evaluated by comparing program outputs with environmental improvement indicators .
Work with the Regions is continuing on developing the capability to make risk-
based decisions in the Regions and states. OPP also ensures that Regional
comparative risk studies and strategic plans are fully incorporated in the
program budgets, which reflect an increasing focus on the roles of states in EPA
planning and management decisions. The pollution prevention functions performed
in this office in 1991 have been transferred to OPPTS.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991. the Agency obligated a total of $7, 521. 800 supported by 67.2 total
workyears. of which 35,945.300 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
and 51, 5 76. 500 was from the Abatement. Control and Compliance appropriation.
OPP implemented the Administrator's four-year strategic planning process.
At the national level. OPP worked with the Agency's media offices to refine their
strategic plans by better articulating truly environmental program goals.
formulating strategies that address the serious environmental risks managed by
those programs, and devleoping indicators of progress toward program
environmental goals. OPP also supported STARS and ATS to monitor progress of
programs toward completon of their priority statutory and programmaii:
objectives .
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The Agency developed and implemented elements of a national poiiuticr.
prevention program, including its responsibilities under the Pollution Prevention
Act of 1990, which involved EPA, other Federal agencies, industries, and the
American public. .To mobilize EPA activity, OPP prepared a strategj_^that
articulated how the Agency's strategic planning process and other- management
systems were utilized to promote pollution prevention. Further, it developed a
process that assures full and explicit consideration of- pollution prevention
opportunities in the Agency's development of regulations. To mobilize actions
outside the Agency, OPP continued to implement an aggressive outreach program
that involved business and industry, citizen and consumer organizations, and all
levels of government in promoting the nation's pollution prevention efforts.
Working with other Federal agencies, it developed a program for promoting
pollution prvention by providing information to the public on the environmental
implications of consumer products.
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Office of Administration
and Resources Management
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Administration and Resources Management 11-52
Program Management-Administration and Resources Management . . 11-55
Financial Management - Headquarters 11-56
Office of the Comptroller 11-57
Contracts and Grants Management - Headquarters 11-58
Organization and Health Services 11-59
Facilities and Management Services 11-60
Information Systems and Services 11-61
Human Resources Management 11-63
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Admini strati on and Resource .Management
ACTUAL PRE5. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE •
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Program Management •
Administration and
Resources Management
Salaries & Expenses $2,609.6 $1,608.0 $1,577.1 $1.559.1 $1,825.9 $266.6
Reregistrati on and
Expedited Processing
TOTAL $2,609.6 $1,608.0 $1,577.1 $1,559.1 $1,825.9 $266.8
Financial Management
Headquarters
Salaries & Expenses $9,209.2 $9,778.1 $8,702.5 $9,064.4 $8,741.5 -$322.9
Reregistrati on and $49.2
Expedited Processing
TOTAL $9,258.4 $9,778.1 $8,702.5 $9,064.4 $8,741.5 -$322.9
Office of the
Comptroller
Salaries I Expenses $6,243.4 $7,661.8 $6,888.2 $7,210.4 $7,638.0 $427.6
Abatement Control and $1,621.1 $2,344.4 $2,333.6 $2,254.1 $3,475.8 $1,221.7
Compliance
Reregistrati on and $48.4
Expedited Processing
TOTAL $7,912.9 $10,006.2 $9,221.8 $9,464.5 $11,113.8 $1,649.3
Hunan Resources
Management -
Headquarters
Salaries & Expenses $9,827.1 $10,089.8 $9,944.6 $10,264.1 $11,448.0 $1,183.9
Reregistrati on and $173.3
Expedited Processing
TOTAL $10,000.4 $10,089.8 $9,944.6 $10,264.1 $11,448.0 $1,183.9
Salaries & Expenses $303.4
Abatement Control and $561.1
Compliance
Research & Development $13.4
TOTAL $877.9
Organization and Health
Services
Salaries & Expenses $3,303.9 $3,507.4 $3,329.2 $3,734.5 $4,163.7 $429.2
TOTAL $3,303.9 $3,507.4 $3,329.2 $3,734.5 $4,163.7 $429.2
Contracts and Grants
Management -
Headquarters
Salaries & Expenses $13,530.7 $14,102.3 $14,002.4 $13,283.2 $14,644.2 $1,361.0
Reregistrati on and $274.7
Expedited Processing
TOTAL $13.805.4 $14,102.3 $14,002.4 $13.283.2 $14,644.2 $1,361.0
Facilities
Management and Services
Salaries & Expenses $9,411.7 $8,926.0 $8,777.7 $9,341.9 $10,328.2 $986.3
Reregistrati on and $173.5
Expedited Processing
TOTAL $9,585.2 $8,926.0 $8,777.7 $9,341.9 $10,328.2 $986.3
11-52
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Administration and Resource Management
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Information Systems &
Services
Salaries ft Expenses S11,677.7 $12.462.7 $12,248.4 (12,479.1 $14,306.7 $1,827.6
Abatement Control and $2,619.2 $1,599.5 $1,599.5 $1,599.5 $6,699.5 $5,100.0
Compliance
Reregistration and $15.6
Expedited Processing
TOTAL $14,312.5 $14,062.2 $13,847.9 $14,078.6 $21,006.2 $6,927.6
Program Management - 31.6 22.4 22.4 22.1 21.6 -5
Administration and
Resources Management
Financial Management 129.2 137.0 137.0 135.1 136.6 1.5
Headquarters
Office of the 82.3 100.9 100.9 133.5 99.2 -34.3
Comptroller
Hunan Resources 163.0 183.4 183.4 182.4 184.4 2.0
Management -
Headquarters
Organization and Health 44.6 50.5 50.5 53.0 53.0
Services
Contracts and Grants 230.4 252.9 252.9 246.9 244.4 -2.5
Management •
Headquarters
Facilities 182.5 183.7 183.7 180.9 181.7 8
Management and Services
Information Systems I 169.6 182.4 182.4 183.3 186.8 3.5
Services
Program Management • 36.8 22.4 22.4 22.1 21.6 -5
Administration and
Resources Management
Financial Management 134.9 137.0 137.0 135.1 136.6 1.5
Headquarters
Office of the 87.6 100.9 100.9 133.5 99.2 -34.3
Comptroller
Hunan Resources 176.2 183.4 183.4 188.4 184.4 -4.0
Management -
Headquarters
Organization and Health 47.1 50.5 50.5 53.0 53.0
Services
Contracts and Grants 242.8 252.9 252.9 246.9 244.4 -2.5
Management -
Headquarters
11-53
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Administration and Resource Management
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE •
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE •
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Facilities 188.7 183.7 183.7 180.9 181.7 8
Management and Services
information System t 176.1 182.4 182.4 183.3 186.8 3.5
Services
11-54
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of Administration and Resources Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $83,271,500 and 1,108.2 total workyears for
1993, a total increase of $11,702,100 and a total decrease of 36.0 total
workyears from 1992. Of the request, $73,096,200 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses Appropriation, and $10,175,300 will be for the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance Appropriation. This represents an increase of $6,159,500 in S&E and
$6,321,700 in AC&C. Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Funds
workyears resources are not being requesting in 1993.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - ADMINISTRATION AND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,825,900 supported by 21.6 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $266,800 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. The decrease in total workyears is a result of not
charging OARM resources to the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving
Fund. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and
expense needs. The office will continue to provide guidance and direction as
well as program and administrative support for OARM, direct and manage OARM's
resources, represent OARM on the Agency's Regulatory Steering Committee, perform
Senior Information Resources Management Officer responsibilities, and conduct
strategies to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the Agency. This
office will also coordinate and consolidate OARM's internal control reporting,
ensure compliance with the Freedom of Information Act and Agency audit
recommendations, and oversee OARM information management and human resource
program needs and coordinate OARM's strategic planning activities.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,584,600 supported by 22.1
total workyears for this program, of which $1,559,100 and 21.6 total workyears
are from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $25,500 and 0.5 total
workyears from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. These
resources are used for overall policy direction and guidance to the Agency's
management programs, budget development and execution, review of organization and
consolidation issues, internal control reporting, Freedom of Information Act
coordination, and special analyses on management issues.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991 the Agency obligated a total of $2,609,600 supported by 36.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
11-55
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appropriation. These resources were used to provide office-wide management anS|
policy direction, manage the development and execution of OARM's budget, provide
Action Tracking and Strategic Planning and Management reports, coordinate
internal control reporting and responses to Freedom of Information Act requests,
and conduct special analyses and projects on Agency-wide management issues.
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS
1993 Program Recruest
The Agency requests a total of $8,741,500 supported by 136.6 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $322,900 and an increase of 2.0
total workyears from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The decrease in
Salaries and Expenses reflects Congressional actions not sustained in 1993 and
the transfer of IFMS resources to Nationwide Support. The increase in workyears
will provide support for CFO implementation. The decrease in total workyears is
a result of not charging OARM resources to the Reregistration and Expedited
Processing Revolving Fund. The office will provide enhancements to the
Integrated Financial Management System to meet Agency reporting requirements and
integrate administrative systems in support of OMB Circular A-127. These
enhancements will require additional data analysis, module testing, policies and
procedures, contract management support, and training of Headquarters and
Regional staff. Other initiatives include: (1) Strengthening the financial
integrity of basic operations by supporting initiatives that improve the delivery^
of financial services to clients and implement strong quality assurance for all
functions and locations; (2) Maintaining a long range strategic planning program
to identify future objectives and achieve them in a planned and logical manner;
and (3) Conducting quality assurance reviews to improve financial integrity.
This request will also allow Headquarters, Cincinnati, Las Vegas, and Research
Triangle Park offices to provide necessary financial accounting and fiscal
services.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,198,700 supported by 135.1
total workyears for this program, of which $9,064,400 and 134.6 total workyears
are from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $134,300 and 0.5 total
workyears from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. These
resources provide a full array of financial services to EPA managers, including:
payroll, accounting, debt collection, accounts .payable and policy guidance. This
program also manages the Agency's Integrated Financial Management System. The
1992 program emphasis is on implementing financial management changes required
by the Chief Financial Officers' Act, implementing the Office of Management and
Budget's Circular A-127 requirements, performing reviews required by Section 4
of the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act of 1982, implementing a new
adhoc report writer, maintaining the timeliness of payments processed as required
by the Prompt Payment Act, exploring further cash management initiatives.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $9,258,400 supported by 134.9
total workyears, of which $9,209,200 and 134.5 total workyears was from the
11-56
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Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $49,200 and 0.4 total workyears from the
Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. With these resources,
the Agency improved the financial services provided by Headquarters and Research
Triangle Park financial operations, and stabilized the operations and improved
performance of the Integrated Financial Management System.
OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,113,800 supported by 99.2 total
workyears for this program. Total dollars will include $7,638,000 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $3,475,800 for the Abatement, Control,
and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $427,600 and a
decrease of 33.2 workyears in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and an
increase of $1,221,700 in the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
The increase in dollars results from Congressional actions not sustained in 1993
and provides for personnel and expense increases. The decrease in workyears
result from Agency reprogrammings not sustained in 1993. The increase in
Abatement, Control, and Compliance will support implementation of the Chief
Financial Officers' Act and international Public-Private Partnership activities.
Resources will provide us with the capabilities to perform all mandatory
activities associated with OMB and Congressional budget submissions for 1994 and
1995, provide budget analyses and reports to Agency program offices, and maintain
an allocation, control and review system for all workyear and financial
resources. The Comptroller will continue to implement the Federal Managers'
Financial Integrity Act, and OMB Circulars A-76, and A-127, and continue support
for the Agency's Public-Private Partnership efforts.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,518,200 supported by 133.5
total workyears for this program, of which $7,210,400 and 132.5 total workyears
are from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $2,254,100 is from the
Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation and $53,700 and 1.0 total
workyears from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. With
these resources the Office of the Comptroller prepares the 1993 budget request,
develops current and outyear budget guidance to program and Regional offices,
analyzes budget issues, develops and implements Agency budget policy, administers
and provides policy guidance to EPA managers on a range of fiscal concerns,
supports the Executive Financial Advisory Board and continues efforts to build
a strong Public-Private Partnership program, and continues implementation of
FMFIA requirements and OMB Circulars A-76 and A-127.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $7,912,900 supported by 87.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $6,243,400 and 86.6 total workyears was from
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $1,621,100 from the Abatement, Control,
and Compliance appropriation and $48,400 and 1.0 total workyears from the
iReregistration and Expedited Processing and Revolving Fund. With these
resources, this program managed the development of the 1992 Operating Plans,
provided budget and policy guidance to Program and Regional offices for the 1993
11-57
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budget requests, performed oversight of audit resolution and follow-up, continue
implementation of the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act, continued EPA's
Productivity Improvement Program and provided support for the Executive Financial
Advisory Board, and Public-Private Partnership efforts.
CONTRACTS AND GRANTS MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,644,200 supported by 244.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,361,000 and 2.5 total workyears
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The increase in Salaries and
Expenses provides for personnel and expense needs and results from Congressional
actions not sustained in 1993. The decrease in total workyears is a result of
not charging OARM resources to the Reregistration and Expedited Processing
Revolving Fund and from Agency reprogrammings not sustained in 1993. The request
will enable the Agency to process and award new contracts and purchase orders,
manage and close out existing contracts, train project officers and contracting
officers, evaluate contractor cost proposals, conduct essential financial
monitoring reviews, process contract terminations and claims, and provide
technical review, policy guidance, and administrative oversight and management
to the three procurement operations in Headquarters, Cincinnati, and Research
Triangle Park (RTP). In the grants area, resources will allow the Agency to
develop and interpret regulations, policy and procedural guidance for new and
existing Agency-wide assistance programs; award and administer Headquarters
grants and loans, cooperative agreements, and interagency agreements; provide
outreach to the Regions, states and Federal assistance recipients; continue to
modify, update, and simplify assistance regulations; continue in-house audit and
cost analyses; increase suspension and debarment actions to combat waste, fraud
and abuse in Federal assistance and procurement programs; implement the Clean Air
Act Amendments and enhance the role of the Agency's Grants Information System
Management Council.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $13,513,900 supported by 246.9
total workyears for this program, of which $13,283,200 and 241.9 total workyears
are from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $230,700 and 5.0 total
workyears from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. These
resources are being used to perform a full range of grants and contract
activities including awarding and managing contracts, grants, loans, purchase
orders, interagency agreements and conducting financial monitoring reviews. This
also includes negotiating indirect cost rates, processing terminations and
claims, managing procurement operations at Headquarters, Cincinnati and RTP,
developing suspension and debarment cases under the EPA assistance and
procurement program, strengthening internal grant management controls, building
Region/state/recipient capacity, addressing regulation and policy development
(continuing to implement the new State Revolving Fund policy), finalizing the
implementation of a new automated assistance document system, developing an
automated Congressional Notification System, and providing project ana
contracting officer training.
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1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, che Agency allocated a total of $13,805,400 supported by 242.8
total workyears for this program, of which $13,530,700 and 237.9 total workyears
was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $274,700 and 4.9 total
workyears from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. The
major accomplishments in this program area included increased emphasis on
contract management, continued implementation of the Federal Acquisition
Regulation, improvement of the contract planning system and automated procurement
and grants document systems, issuance of additional awards for the Asbestos
School Hazard Abatement Program, development of a Grants Information System
Management Council and the implementation of an automated grant document system
in the Regions. We also published the Drug Free Workplace Act Regulations, took
noncompliance actions and recovered Federal funds from program participants who
abused the privileges of Federal assistance, implemented a program element for
the Regional grants business functions and consolidated the assistance management
functions in the Regions to improve internal controls.
ORGANIZATION AND HEALTH SERVICES
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,163,700 supported by 53.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $429,200 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and expense needs and reflects Congressional actions not sustained in
1993. The Agency will continue to coordinate the management of the planning,
design construction and move processes for a new consolidated Agency
headquarters, and focus on design and construction monitoring. Efforts will be
directed toward coordinating interior design plans with the base building drawn
by the developers architect(s) and overseeing the actual building of the exterior
shell. Advanced interior space plans and drawings will be developed. Our
environmental compliance program will continue to perform audits and provide
technical assistance and training to Agency laboratories. Our health and safety
program will continue to monitor Agency workspace for safe and healthful working
conditions and provide technical assistance and training. In addition to
providing management and organization services required by the reauthorization
of BPA's major statutes; the anticipated elevation of EPA to a cabinet-level
department; and new initiatives such as global environmental protection, enhanced
state and local capacity, and environmental education; we will expand our efforts
to ensure that Agency organizations, management systems and processes are as
efficient and effective as possible by: conducting management and organization
analytical studies; overseeing and automating the Agency's directives system;
managing the development and review of Agency-wide delegations of authority and
reorganizations; managing the Agency's public advisory committees; coordinating
the Agency's participation in the activities of the President's Council on
Management Improvement; administering management advisory and support services
contracts; developing and maintaining an administrative history record of EPA
programs; and providing technical assistance on management and organization
issues.
1 1 -
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1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,734,500 supported by 53.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources will provide high quality management assistance
to all Agency organizations. Assistance will enable the Agency to respond to
complex environmental issues such as pollution prevention, risk reduction and
strategic planning. Delegations of authority and organizational analyses will
strengthen management processes and streamline organizations. Planning for the
new headquarters facility will focus on continuous pre-construction project
review with a particular emphasis on schematic materials and design review,
design intent drawing review, and construction document drawing review.
Throughout these reviews an overlay of previously developed agency requirements
will be conducted, in addition to an overall assessment of building performance
in mechanical, electrical, plumbing, structural and architectural areas.
Resources will also be devoted to initial interior space planning including
space/design standards development, space surveys and space programming for
office and special spaces. We will provide leadership to implement environmental
regulations and provide a safe, healthful work environment for Agency employees
through the development of policy, guidelines and technical support.
1991 Accomplisnments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $3,303,900 supported by 47.1 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. A comprehensive assessment of the implementation of the Deputy^
Administrator's decision to improve the effectiveness of the Agency's Management
Systems led to further enhancements, in those systems. Management analysis and
contract assistance resulted in a series of organizational and management
improvements for Agency responsibilities required by current and new
environmental legislation. Additionally, technical support resulted in the
establishment of nine new Agency advisory committees. The planning process for
the new headquarters facility involved refinement of previously established
technical requirements incorporating a number of environmental considerations,
including pollution prevention, energy conservation and indoor air quality. An
assessment of schematic design was completed for the Federal Triangle site, the
Agency's designated location. Environmental compliance program evaluation,
training and technical support was provided to our laboratories in the areas of
environmental compliance and health and safety.
FACILITIES AND MANAGEMENT SERVICES
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,328,200 supported by 181.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $986,300 and 2.8 total workyears
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The increase in Salaries and
Expenses reflects increased personnel and expense needs and Congressional actions
not sustained in 1993. The increase in FTE reflects Agency reprogrammings not-
sustained in 1993. The Agency will administer the Nationwide Support,
Headquarters Support, and Buildings and Facilities budgets; provide operational
support and housekeeping services; and continue to monitor and direct contractor
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resources under support contracts, and efforts to improve working conditions at
the Waterside Mall Complex.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,488,400 supported by 180.9
total workyears for this program, of which $9,341,900 and 178.9 total workyears
are from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $146,500 and 2.0 total
workyears from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. These
funds are being used to provide timely, high quality and cost effective
facilities management and support services for EPA facilities in Washington,
Research Triangle Park (RTP), North Carolina and Cincinnati, Ohio. These
resources provide on-going services in the areas of property and space
management, operational services, office support services, real estate and lease
enforcement . support, transportation management, printing and publication
operations, security services, and facilities design and construction management.
We are continuing our improvement efforts at the Waterside Mall Complex.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $9,585,200 supported by 188.7
total workyears for this program, of which $9,411,700 and 185.9 total workyears
were from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $173,500 and 2.8 total
workyears from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. With
these resources the Agency provided responsive facilities management services to
EPA facilities in Washington, RTP and Cincinnati, established better
administrative controls over property management, and effectively managed space
needs. We continued to plan for the new Headquarters facility, improve
ventilation throughout Waterside Mall and improve security services. This
program supervised the construction of a new microbiology/biotechnology
laboratory in Gulf Breeze, Florida; purchased the Motor Vehicle Emissions
Laboratory in Ann Arbor, Michigan; completed the day care center in Cincinnati,
Ohio; and designed the day care center in Athens, Georgia.
INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND SERVICES
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $21,006,200 supported by 186.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $14,306,700 and 186.8 total workyears will
be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $6,699,500 will be for the
Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation of $1,827,600 and 4.0 total workyears,
and an increase of $5,100,000 in the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation from 1992. The increase in the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation will support the implementation of Geographic Information Systems
and Data Integration/Remote Sensing. State-of-the-art technology will be
acquired to gather and interpret data that is collected from EPA and other
Federal and state agencies. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects
increased personnel and expense needs and Congressional actions not sustained in
1993. The increase in workyears will support collection and dissemination of
environmental data, particularly is support of the Gulf of Mexico initiative, and
provide the expertise to build the international data sharing network and extend
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support to the Budapest and Caribbean centers. The requested resources will
enable the Agency to maintain current centrally administered information systems
and services in support of EPA programs and the public. This program provides
the personnel to manage the Agency's central and distributed computing and data
transmission network, major administrative and programmatic data systems, and
library services. In addition, these resources will permit the Agency to
continue to strengthen information resources management including long and short-
range ADP planning, ADP security, records management, software and data
standards, internal controls on information resources, and systems modernization.
Technical support is provided for the Regional geographic information systems
effort and emphasis is placed on improving data sharing and integration with
state environmental agencies. The data integration efforts will be expanded to
assist the Agency in more extensive cross-media analysis for better risk-based
decisions and more comprehensive compliance and enforcement actions. Further
efforts will be taken to support international activities in environmental data
sharing and information exchange.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $14,105,900 supported by 183.3
total workyears for this program of which $12,479,100 and 182.8 total workyears
are from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $1,599,500 is from the
Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation and $27,300 and 0.5 total
workyears from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund.
Continued efforts will be devoted to improved information systems planning by EPA
programs, strengthening information security, and enhancing the Integrated
Financial Management System. Major progress was made to integrate State/EPA data
systems and improve the exchange of environmental data. All the states became
involved in this effort through direct telecommunications link-up to the Agency's
national data bases. The Systems Development Center supports the modernization
of national data systems that serve critical areas of the Agency's mission. The
Center has begun to develop applications for cross-media use. This program also
supported extensive efforts in international data sharing, including involvements
with other countries.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $14,312,500 supported by 176.1
total workyears for this program, of which $11,677,700 and 175.9 total workyears
was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $2,619,200 was from the
Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation and $15,600 and 0.2 total
workyears from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund.
During 1991, EPA continued to expand its implementation of the Integrated
Financial Management System. Significant enhancements were accomplished in many
of the administrative systems such as property, payroll, grants and state
revolving fund information system. Significant progress was made in the internal
information security program and in the establishment of internal information
management policy guidelines. Phase I of our State/EPA Data Management Program
data sharing was successfully implemented in over forty-five states. Data
integration efforts began in many of the Regions and participating states. The
Geographic Information System activities were in progress Regionally with many
significant environmental projects under analysis. The Systems Development
Center was established to assist in the development and enhancement of our
national program data systems.
•• •• -t
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HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total $11,448,000 supported by 184.4 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,183,900 and a decrease of 1.0
total workyears in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The increase in
Salaries and Expenses reflects increased salary and expense needs and reflects
Congressional actions not sustained in 1993. The decrease in workyears reflects
Agency reprogrammings not sustained in 1993 and an increase of 1.0 FTE to support
expansion of the Academic Relations Program to additional schools with high
concentrations of culturally diverse students. In 1993, OARM is not requesting
workyear resources for the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving
Fund. The Agency will continue to provide basic human resource services
including selection of new employees, classification, performance management,
centralized examination and referral services, labor management and employee
relations, personnel processing and technical assistance and advisory services.
EPA will support implementation of Total Quality Management by making advanced
TQM training available. The Agency will begin implementing recommendations of
the Cultural Diversity Task Force and will monitor progress in implementation.
The Agency will fully implement the comprehensive management development program,
including providing access to assessment services, Individual Development Plan
support and core supervisory and management courses. The EPA Institute will
further streamline its training delivery systems and lead development of programs
that support the core strategic curriculum. The Institute will begin development
of competency menus for major careers at EPA. It will also institutionalize the
non-supervisory leadership program and maintain other developmental programs
(e.g. Secretarial Development).
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,425,200 supported by 188.4 total
workyears for the program, of which $10,264,100 and 185.4 total workyears are
from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $161,100 and 3.0 total workyears
from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. These resources
are being used to provide comprehensive human resource services and implement and
expand key human resource initiatives. EPA is expanding the Academic Relations
Program to 12 additional college/university campuses with high concentrations of
black, Hispanic, Native American, disabled and women students. The Agency is
also conducting recruiting activities to attract a culturally diverse workforce
and will continue operating the EPA Management Intern and Presidential Management
Intern Programs. EPA is continuing to support the expansion of TQM efforts by
making training available to employees and managers throughout the Agency. In
the Cultural Diversity effort, the Agency is completing a survey of HQ employees
and an analysis of workforce data. The Diversity Task Force will also be
formulating recommendations to the Agency. The Agency will continue to implement
the comprehensive management development program, including providing access to
assessment services, Individual Development Plan support and core supervisory and
management courses. The Agency will continue to modernize its core managerial
courses by incorporating elements on managing a culturally diverse workforce and
strategic planning. EPA will continue to create and provide training and
development opportunities to EPA employees through the EPA Institute. The
Institute is realigning its course offerings around the core curriculum developed
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in 1991 to support the Agency's strategic direction. It will also focus d
providing a stronger framework for transitioning new employees into full
participation in the Agency's mission more quickly through an enhanced
orientation program.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $10,000,400 supported by 176.2
total workyears for the program, of which $9,827,100 and 173.4 total workyears
were from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $173,300 and 2.8 total
workyears from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. The
Agency provided comprehensive human resource services and implemented and
expanded key human resource initiatives. The Agency established a core Academic
Relations Program at eight colleges and universities with high concentrations of
black, Hispanic, Native American, disabled and women students and developed new
recruitment materials, reflecting the Agency's strategic direction and
occupational needs. EPA actively participated in developing the Federal strategy
on pay reform and developed and implemented a strategy for pay reform in the
Agency. The Agency conducted a major TQM training effort for Agency executives
and managers and conducted a focus group study and best practices survey of
cultural diversity issues. In the management development area, EPA emphasized
assessment and career counseling activities and trained supervisors to use
Individual Development Plans to target training resources effectively and tie
them to emerging mission requirements. The Agency also identified a core
curriculum supporting the Agency's strategic direction, improved coordination of
training efforts and conducted and expanded developmental programs (e.g. tha
Secretarial Development Program and the Greater Leadership Opportunities Program
for women and minorities).
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Regional Management
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management 11-65
Resource Management - Regions 11-67
Financial Management - Regions 11-67
Human Resources Management - Regions 11-68
Contracts and Grants Management - Regions 11-69
Administrative Management - Regions . . 11-70
Regional Management 11-70
Regional Counsel 11-71
Planning, Evaluation and Analysis - Regions 11-72
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REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management
ACTUAL
1991
PRES.
BUDGET
1992
ENACTED
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
REQUEST
1993
INCREASE *
DECREASE -
1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Resources Management -
Regions
Salaries & Expenses
Contracts & Grants
Management - Regions
Salaries & Expenses
Regional Counsel
Salaries & Expenses
Regional Management
Salaries & Expenses
Planning, Evaluation I
Analysis • Regions
Salaries & Expenses
Financial Management
Regions
Salaries I Expenses
Human Resources
Management - Regions
Salaries & Expenses.
Administrative
Management • Regions
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL:
Salaries I Expenses
Regional Management
$1,915.9 $1.961.0 $1,920.3 $2.179.1 $2.306.5 $127.4
TOTAL $1,915.9 $1,961.0 $1.920.3 $2.179.1 $2.306.5 $127.4
$4,941.6 $5,606.0 $5,574.8 $5,951.8 $6.283.2 $331.4
TOTAL $4,941.6 $5,606.0 $5,574.8 $5,951.8 $6,283.2 $331.4
$5,404.1 $6,026.3 $5.912.0 $5,620.7 $6,834.5 $1,213.8
TOTAL $5,404.1 $6,026.3 $5,912.0 $5,620.7 $6,834.5 $1,213.8
$18,225.9 $16,813.7 $15,661.7 $16,868.5 $18,190.6 $1,322.1
TOTAL $18,225.9 $16,813.7 $15,661.7 $16.868.5 $18,190.6 $1,322.1
$5,228.1 $5,369.1 $5,260.1 $5,566.1 $5,866.3 $300.2
TOTAL $5,228.1 $5,369.1 $5,260.1 $5,566.1 $5,866.3 $300.2
$3,720.7 $3,904.0 $3,618.7 $4,275.0 $4,484.0 $209.0
TOTAL $3,720.7 $3,904.0 $3,818.7 $4,275.0 $4,484.0 $209.0
$4,470.2 $4,567.0 $4,455.1 $5,008.4 $5,240.2 $231.8
TOTAL $4,470.2 $4,567.0 $4,455.1 $5,008.4 $5,240.2 $231.8
$8,659.7 $8,776.0 $8,422.9 $9,390.4 $10,340.3 $949.9
TOTAL $8,659.7 $8,776.0 $8,422.9 $9.390.4 $10,340.3 $949.9
$52,566.2 $53,023.1 $51,025.6 $54,860.0 $59,545.6 $4,685.6
TOTAL $52,566.2 $53,023.1 $51,025.6 $54,860.0 $59,545.6 $4,685.6
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Resources Management
Regions
Contracts t Grants
Management - Regions
Regional Counsel
Regional Management
37.1
102.6
40.8
129.7
40.8
129.7
83.2 102.2 102.2
216.0 197.0 197.0
38.9
125.3
40.8
129.7
96.9 104.2
188.7 197.0
1.9
4.4
7.3
8.3
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REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management
PROGRAM
Planning, Evaluation I
Analysis - Regions
Financial Management -
Regions
Hunan Resources
Management - Regions
Acfcninistrative
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE »
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 199;
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
90.5 101.4 101.4 96.6 101.4 4.8
87.8 95.4 95.4 93.1 95.4 2.3
93.6 102.8 102.8 95.1 102.8 7.7
175.0 192.7 192.7 185.6 196.7 11.1
Management - Regions
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS
885.8 962.0 962.0 920.2
968.0
47.8
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Resources Management •
Regions
Contracts & Grants
Management - Regions
Regional Counsel
Regional Management
Planning, Evaluation &
Analysis - Regions
Financial Management -
Regions
Hunan Resources
Management - Regions
Adninistrative
Management - Regions
TOTAL UORKYEARS
39.0
110.9
91.7
237.2
100.6
93.1
101.1
193.3
966.9
40.8
129.7
102.2
197.0
101.4
95.4
102.8
192.7
962.0
40.8
129.7
102.2
197.0
101.4
95.4
102.8
192.7
962.0
40.7
129.8
102.8
196.3
101.2
95.4
102.6
191.7
960.5
40.8
129.7
104.2
197.0
101.4
95.4
102.8
196.7
968.0
1
-1
1.4
7
2
2
5.0
7.5
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Regional Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $59,545.6 and 968.0 total workyears for
1993, an increase of $4,685,600 and 7.5 total workyears from 1992. All of the
request is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation.
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,306,500 supported by 40.8 total
workyears, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $127,400 and 0.1 total workyears from 1992. The
increase in Salaries and Expenses will provide for anticipated salary and expense
needs and reflects Agency reprogrammings not sustained in 1993. This level of
funding supports Regional resource management and control activities, including
budget and operating plan development and workload analysis. In addition, these
resources will allow the Regional offices to continue implementing the Federal
Managers' Financial Integrity Act and further strengthen funds control.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,179,100 supported by 40.7
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources are being used to conduct budgeting and resource
analysis functions and implement the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act
in the ten Regional offices.
1991 Accomplishment
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $1,915,900 supported by 39.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources allowed Regional Administrators to effectively
and efficiently manage their resources and operating plan processes.
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,484,000 supported by 95.4 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $209,000 from 1992. The increase
in Salaries and Expenses will provide for anticipated salary and expense needs
and reflects Agency reprogrammings not sustained in 1993. It also provides the
capability to continue conducting internal control reviews as required by the
Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act of 1982 as well as Cash Management
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Reviews mandated by the Deficit Reduction Act of 1984. This level of funding
will allow the financial management offices to provide basic financial services
and maintain on-going financial management functions. The financial management
offices will continue to provide accounting, payment processing, billings and
collections for grants, travel, payroll, contracts, purchase orders, and all
other financial transactions as well as payroll support and general ledger
activities.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,275,000 supported by 95.4
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources are being used to provide the Regions with
accounting, payment processing, payroll support, financial reporting services,
and comprehensive financial management, and financial audit follow-up and
accounting reconciliation activities.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $3,720,700 supported by 93.1 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. With these resources, the Financial Management Offices provided
accounting, payment processing, payroll support, financial reporting services,
and comprehensive financial management.
HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,240,200 supported by 102.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $231,800 from 1992. The increase
in Salaries and Expenses will provide for anticipated salary and expense needs
and reflects Agency reprogrammings not sustained in 1993. The resources will
allow Regional personnel offices to meet basic regulatory requirements and
maintain current service levels. These services include processing recruitment
and classification actions, entering data and updates to the Agency's payroll
system, providing advisory services and reorganization reviews, administering the
grievance system, negotiating with unions, managing the Performance Management
and Recognition System, and expanding the role of the Institute for outreach to
the States for TQM and risk training.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,008,400 supported by 102.6
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources are being used to formalize local human resource
management programs, provide for recruitment, staffing, and classification
actions, conduct position management and pay administration, process personnel
and payroll transactions, administer grievance system and disciplinary action
procedures, provide employment development and training, consult and negotiate
with local unions, conduct special studies, and advise Regional managers on the
above functions.
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1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $4,470,200 supported by 101.1
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. With these resources, the Regional personnel offices provided on-
going personnel services to support the accomplishment of the Regions' program
operations and goals, provided better training programs for Regional employees,
and initiated human resources management programs.
CONTRACTS AND GRANTS MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,283,200 supported by 129.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $331,400 and a decrease of 0.1
total workyears from the 1992 program. The increase in Salaries and Expenses
reflects increased personnel and expense needs and reflects Agency reprogrammings
not sustained in 1993. The grants program awards, administers and manages
cooperative and interagency agreements and grants for program activities.
Special emphasis will be placed on accountability and ensuring that every
assistance award complies with regulatory and policy requirements and that
recipients have the financial, procurement and property systems to account for
and safeguard Federal funds. In addition small purchase support will continue
to be provided at our Regional Offices.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,951,800 and 129.8 total
workyears from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources provide
the Regional program offices with small purchase support and grants management
to effectively award, administer and manage cooperative and interagency
agreements.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency allocated a total of $4,941,600 and 110.9 total
workyears from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources provided
the Regional program offices with small purchase support and grants management
to effectively award, administer and manage cooperative and interagency
agreements. FY 1991 represented the full effect of the consolidation of regional
grants administration functions in this program element. Grants Administration
activities provide clear accountability for business administration
responsibilities, promote the efficient utilization of resources by providing a
core of business expertise and provide a "check and balance" relationship to
assure achievement of both programmatic and administrative objectives necessary
for program integrity.
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ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,340,300 supported by 196.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $949,900 and 5.0 total workyears
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The increase in Salaries and
Expenses will provide for anticipated salary and expense needs. Increased
workyears will expand data integration efforts to assist the Agency in more
extensive collection and dissemination of environmental data and support the
Great Lakes National Program data management and integration effort. Resources
will allow the Regions to provide administrative management services that include
maintaining administrative information systems and minicomputer operations,
ensuring ADP operations support for Regional programs, managing word processing
equipment and ADP systems acquisition, and coordinating Regional records
management. Development of state data management plans to ensure efficient and
reliable methods of State/EPA data sharing will receive priority attention. In
addition, this program will ensure the safety and security of Regional personnel,
manage property and supplies, provide general office services, and provide
program management for all support services.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,390,400 supported by 191.7
total workyears for this program, alljaf which is from the Salaries and Expense
appropriation. These resources are being used to provide the Regions wit
administrative management activities in the areas of information management,
specifically GIS activities, health and safety and environmental compliance, and
facilities support. This program will continue to improve methods for EPA and
states to share environmental data.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $8,659,700 supported by 193.3
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. With these resources, the Regions provided administrative
management services and implemented information management plans to increase use
of personal computers and integrate electronic telecommunications lines to
achieve cost saving and productivity gains.
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $18,190,600 supported by 197.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,322,100 and 0.7 in total
workyears from 1992. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and support costs. The budget request will enable the Regional offices
to continue to shape and articulate policy for state and local governments,^
respond to inquiries from Congress, the news media and the public; establish
regular communications with public interest, environmental and business groups;
11-70
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maintain an effective Equal Employment Opportunity program, process Freedom of
Information requests issue critical news releases; and assist in Regional
analytical activities.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $16,868,500 and 196.3 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. In 1992 we continue to emphasize coordination and dissemination
of the increasing number of information requests including Freedom of Information
requests, which are increasing by approximately 20 percent per year. The program
will continue issuing critical news releases, maintaining a Regional Equal
Employment program, responding to Congressional inquiries, and coordinating EPA
involvement in major state environmental issues.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated $18,225,900 and 237.2 total workyears for this
program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
program provided support for the Regional Administrators and their immediate
staffs, as well as for the basic staff functions of public affairs, Congressional
and intergovernmental activities, the equal employment opportunity function, and
responses to Freedom of Information Act requests.
REGIONAL COUNSEL
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,834,500 supported by 104.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,213,800 and an increase of 1.4
total workyears from 1992. The increase will provide for additional legal
support to the implementation of the Clean Air Act, to support Agency and state
activities directed to the Great Lakes, and for increased personnel and support
costs.
The Offices of Regional Counsel (ORC) will continue to handle defensive
litigation involving principally Regional issues. They will provide advice and
counsel to Regional programs; review Regional rulemaking actions; assist states
by reviewing State program delegations and advising State agencies on obtaining
adequate legal authorities; and support Agency contract and assistance programs
through resolution of grant appeals, bid protests, and debarment and suspension
actions. The additional attorney staff will be devoted to addressing Clean Air
Act implementation responsibilities including review of new state implementation
plan submissions and program delegations for new statutory provisions, and to
provide legal support to Agency and state activities directed to the Great Lakes
initiative.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,620,700 supported by 102.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The ORCs handle defensive litigation involving principally
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Regional issues. They provide advice and counsel to Regional programs; review"-
Regional rulemaking actions; and assist States by reviewing State program
delegations and advising State agencies on obtaining adequate legal authorities.
Additionally, the ORCs continue to support Agency assistance and procurement
programs through resolution of grant appeals, bid protest, and debarment and
suspension actions.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $5,404,100 supported by 91.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. In 1990, the ORCs supported Agency priorities by providing legal
advice and support to Regional managers and defending the Agency in litigation.
They also advised on actions such as grants, contracts, and personnel actions.
Additionally, the ORCs' activities include advising State agencies on the legal
requirements for assuming environmental protection programs, assisting in
drafting appropriate regulatory language, and helping to negotiate and document
the terms of delegation agreements.
PLANNING. EVALUATION. AND ANALYSIS - REGIONS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,866,300 supported by 101.4 total workyears|
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses"
appropriation. This represents an increase of $300,200 and an increase of 0.2
total workyears from 1992. The increase results from increased personnel and
support costs and a one-time general reduction for 1992.
The ten Regions will carry out essential Regional planning, evaluation and
analysis activities. These activities will include staff support for state
comparative risk projects and for the development of strategies for utilizing
flexibility in the state grant process to ensure that resources are directed
toward the highest risk environmental problems to prevent pollution in the most
cost-effective ways possible. Funding also will provide for the development and
update of Regional four-year strategic plans and annual action plans that target
resources to enhance risk reduction based on Regional comparative risk analysis;
preparation of accountability reports; program evaluations; management and
regulatory analysis; training in the areas of risk assessment, risk management
and risk communication for Regional and state personnel; and management of
pollution prevention programs in the Region, including strategy implementation,
training, education, pollution prevention grant oversight, and support for multi-
state Regional councils established specifically to deal with pollution
prevention initiatives.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,566,100 supported by 101.2
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
The ten Regions are carrying out essential Regional planning, evaluation
and analysis activities. These activities include developing four-year strategic
-------
plans and one-year Regional strategies using comparative risk analyses to target
resources for enhanced risk reduction; preparing accountability reports;
evaluating programs; conducting management and regulatory analysis; preparing
risk assessment and risk management analyses; and conducting risk
training/communication courses to build technical capability and institutional
liaisons with states and others. In addition, Regions perform functions related
to cross-media pollution prevention such as: implementation of EPA's Pollution
Prevention Strategy and Regional pollution prevention plans; adoption of
pollution prevention approaches in site-specific decision-making; training and
education events for state and local governments, industry and citizen groups;
oversight of state activities funded by pollution prevention grants; integration
of pollution prevention into Regional risk management strategies; and support for
multi-state Regional councils established specifically to deal with pollution
prevention initiatives.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $5,228,100 supported by 100.6
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expense
appropriation.
The ten Regions carried out essential planning, evaluation and analysis
activities including strategic planning that used comparative risk analysis for
development of strategic options; preparation of accountability reports; program
evaluations; management and regulatory analyses; and risk
assessment/management/communication to support the development and implementation
of Regional risk reduction strategies. In addition, the Regions performed
activities related to cross-media pollution prevention such as: implementation
of Regional pollution prevention plans; adoption .of pollution prevention
approaches in site-specific decision-making; training and education events for
government, industry and citizen groups; oversight of pollution prevention state
grant activities; integration of pollution prevention into Regional risk
management strategies; and support for multi-state Regional councils established
specifically to deal with pollution prevention initiatives.
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Support Costs
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
SUPPORT COSTS
Support Costs 11-74
Professional Training 11-76
Nationwide Support Services 11-77
Headquarters Support Services ; 11-78
Regional Support Services 11-79
Automated Data Processing Support 11-80
Lab Support - Research and Development 11-81
Lab Support - Air and Radiation 11-81
Lab Support - Pesticides and Toxic Substances 11-82
-------
SUPPORT COSTS
Support Costs
ACTUAL
1991
PRES.
BUDGET
1992
ENACTED
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
REQUEST
1993
INCREASE *
DECREASE -
1993 VS 1992
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Lab Support •
Pesticides ft Toxic
Substances
Salaries ft Expenses
Professional Training
Salaries & Expenses
Nationwide Support
Servi ces
Salaries ft Expenses
Office of Inspector
General
Reregistration and
Expedited Processing
Oil Spills Trust Fund
Headquarters Support
Services
Salaries ft Expenses
Office of Inspector
General
Reregistrati on and
Expedited Processing
Oil Spills Trust Fund
Regional Support
Services
Salaries ft Expenses
Office of Inspector
General
Reregistrati on and
Expedited Processing
Oil Spills Trust Fund
Lab Support-Research ft
Development
Salaries ft Expenses
Lab Support - Air And
Radiation
Salaries ft Expenses
$468.0 $474.0 S353.8 S353.8 1474.0
TOTAL $468.0 $474.0 $353.8 S353.8 $474.0
$1,333.7 *1,126.3 $1.059.1 $1,059.1 SI,126.3
TOTAL $1,333.7 $1,126.3 $1,059.1 $1,059.1 $1,126.3
$89,850.8 $115,843.8 $113,332.7 $112,861.3 $127,416.1
$1.456.1 $1,552.0 $1.552.0 $1,552.0 $1,709.0
$1.510.2
$1.967.9
$540.0
TOTAL $92,817.1 $117,395.8 $114,884.7 $116,381.2 $129,665.1
$52,138.9 $64,131.2 $57,960.1 $56,815.5 $64,038.5
$550.9 $613.0 $613.0 $613.0 $613.0
$868.0
$1,179.2
$55.0
TOTAL $53,557.8 $64,744.2 $58,573.1 $58,607.7 $64,706.5
$50.356.3 $51,117.8 $46,148.9 $43,579.8 $50,251.8
$151.1 $180.0 $180.0 $180.0 $654.0
$30.6
$85.0
$220.2
TOTAL $50,538.0 $51.297.8 $46,328.9 $43,844.8 $51,126.0
$36.8 $114.1 $114.1
TOTAL $36.8 $114.1 $114.1
$1,817.4 $1,953.3 $1,952.6 $1,952.6 $2,190.0
TOTAL $1,817.4 S1.953.3 $1,952.6 $1,952.6 $2,190.0
S120.2
$120.2
$67.2
$67.2
$14,554.8
$157.0
-$1,967.9
$540.0
$13,283.9
$7.223.0
-$1.179.2
$55.0
$6.098.8
$6,672.0
$474.0
-$85.0
$220.2
$7,281.2
$237.4
$237.4
11-74
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Support Costs
ACTUAL PRES.
1991 BUDGET
1992
SUPPORT COSTS
ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE »
1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1993 VS 1992
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Automated Data
Processing Support
Services
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control arid
Compliance
Office of Inspector
General
$49,443.4 $47.593.2 $43,470.2 $43,470.2 $49,693.2 $6,223.0
$835.7 $4,200.0 $4,200.0 -$4,200.0
$127.3 $130.0 $130.0 $130.0 $130.0
TOTAL $50,406.4 $47,723.2 $47,800.2 $47,800.2 $49,823.2 $2,023.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Office of Inspector
General
Reregistrati on and
Expedited Processing
Oil Spills Trust Fund
Support Costs
$245,445.3 $282,353.7 $264,391.5 $260,092.3 $295,189.9 $35,097.6
$635.7 $4,200.0 $4,200.0 -$4,200.0
$2,285.4 $2,475.0 $2,475.0 $2,475.0 $3,106.0 $631.0
$2,408.8 $3,232.1 -$3,232.1
$815.2 $815.2
TOTAL $250,975.2 $284,828.7 $271,066.5 $269,999.4 $299,111.1 $29,111.7
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Regional Support
Services
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Regional Support
Services
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Nationwide Support
Services
Reregistrati on and
Expedited Processing
Headquarters Support
Services
Reregistration and
Expedited Processing
$1,510.2
TOTAL $1,510.2
$868.0
$1,967.9
$1,967.9
$1,179.2
-$1,967.9
-$1,967.9
-$1,179.2
TOTAL $868.0
$1,179.2
-$1,179.2
11-75
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Support Costs
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $299,111,100 for 1993, and increase of
$36,543,800 from 1992. Of the request, $295,189,900 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses Appropriation, $3,106,000 will be for the Inspector General
Appropriation, and $815,200 will be for the Oil Spill Response Appropriation.
This represents an increase of $35,097,600 in S&E, $631,000 in IG, and $815,200
in Oil Spill Response.
PROFESSIONAL TRAINING
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,126,300 for this program, all of which
will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an increase
of $67,200 from 1992 and reflects Congressional actions not sustained in 1993.
The Agency will continue to offer training and development opportunities to EPA
employees and managers. For supervisory and managerial development, the Agency
will continue to emphasize assessment and career counseling activities and will
provide access to core supervisory and managerial training courses. It will also
support a career counseling initiative and assessment activities to identify
development needs for candidates for supervisory and managerial positions. The
EPA Institute will further streamline its training delivery systems and lead
development of programs that support the core strategic curriculum. The
Institute will begin development of competency menus for major careers at EPA.
It will also institutionalize the non-supervisory leadership program EPA will
continue supporting implementation of Total Quality Management by making advanced
TQM training available. The Agency will begin implementing recommendations
coming from the Cultural Diversity Task Force. Current activities of the
Presidential Management Intern Program, the EPA Management Intern Program and the
Greater Leadership Opportunities Program for women and minorities will continue.
The Agency will also continue to support the career advisory committees and the
Human Resources Council.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,059,100 for this program,
all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds are
being used to create and provide training and development opportunities to EPA
employees and managers. As part of the implementation of the comprehensive
management development program, the Agency is emphasizing assessment and career
counseling activities. EPA continues to make available its core supervisory and
managerial training courses and is continuing to modernize these courses by
incorporating elements on managing a culturally diverse workforce and strategic
planning. The EPA Institute is realigning its course offerings around the core
curriculum developed in 1991 to support the Agency's strategic direction. It
will also focus on providing a stronger framework for transitioning new employees
-------
into full participation in the Agency's mission more quickly through an enhanced
orientation program. EPA is continuing to support expansion of the Total Quality
Management effort by making training available to employees and managers
throughout the Agency. To further support the TQM effort, the Agency is piloting
a non-supervisory leadership program in Headquarters. The Agency is completing
the second phase of the Cultural Diversity Study and the Diversity Task Force
will be formulating recommendations to the Agency. Current activities of the
Presidential Management Intern Program, the EPA Management Intern Program and the
Greater Leadership-Opportunities Program for women and minorities are continuing.
The Agency also continues to support the career advisory committees and the Human
Resources Council.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $1,333,700 for this program, all
of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds provided
training in the areas of management development, clerical skills, and
transportable skills (e.g., negotiations training) and technical and scientific
development. The Agency emphasized assessment and career counseling activities
especially for supervisors and managers. EPA began implementing its
comprehensive management development program. As part of that program, managers
and supervisors nationwide were trained in the development and use of the
Individual Development Plan as a tool to target training resources more
effectively and tie them to emerging mission related requirements. EPA continued
to conduct its core supervisory and managerial training courses and began a
revision of these courses to include the Agency's focus on implementing Total
Quality Management. It further supported the TQM implementation effort by making
training in TQM fundamentals available to executives and managers. The EPA
Institute improved its ability to support workforce development needs by
increasing coordination of Agency training efforts. It also identified the
crosscutting core training curriculum that is essential to full implementation
of the Agency's strategic direction. These resources also supported completion
of the first phase of the Cultural Diversity Study. Current activities of the
Senior Executive Service (SES) Candidate Development Program, the Presidential
Management Intern Program, the EPA Management Intern Program and the Greater
Leadership Opportunities Program for women and minorities were maintained. The
Agency continued to support the activities of the career advisory committees and
the Human Resources Council.
NATIONWIDE SUPPORT SERVICES
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $129,665,100 for this program. Total
dollars will include $127,416,100 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
$1,709,000 for the Inspector General appropriation, and $540,000 for the Oil
Spill Response Appropriation. This represents an increase of $14,554,800 in the
Salaries and Expenses Appropriation, $157,000 in the Inspector General
Appropriation, and $540,000 in the Oil Spill Response Appropriation from 1992.
The increase in Salaries and Expenses provides for the escalation in GSA rent
costs, FTS rate increases, increases to Worker's Compensation and Unemployment
Compensation and reflects the transfer .of resources to support the Agency's
Integrated Financial Management System. The increase also results from
11-77
-------
Congressional actions not sustained in 1993. The increase in the Inspector'
General appropriation reflects costs associated with increased Agency workyears
and inflation increases in support. These funds will pay for quality Agency-wide
support costs including space rental, postage, FTS and telecommunications costs,
national security, Code of Federal regulations typesetting, unemployment
compensation, workmen's compensation, health and safety and environmental
compliance, technical assistance, and audits and personnel support for Public
Health Service commissioned officers.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $116,381,200 for this program,
of which $112,861,300 is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $1,552,000
from the Inspector General appropriation and $1,967,900 from the Reregistration
and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. These resources are being used by the
Agency to provide efficient nationwide services to the Agency workforce. The
Agency is working with GSA to procure additional space in Washington to help
alleviate overcrowded conditions at the Waterside Mall. We will provide safety,
health and environmental management programs and issue new policy and program
manuals for a risk-based medical surveillance program and safe management of
asbestos-containing building materials at EPA facilities.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $92,817,100 for this program, of
which $89,850,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $1,456,100
from the Inspector General appropriation and $1,510,200 from the Reregistration
and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. These resources allowed the Agency to
pursue several nationwide support efforts in the areas of space planning,
telecommunications, information security, personal property management, safety,
health, and environmental management, including the initiation of a new program
in the area of marine safety.
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT SERVICES
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $64,706,500 for this program. Total dollars
include $64,038,500 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $613,000 for the
Inspector General appropriation, and $55,000 for the Oil Spill Response
appropriation. This represents an increase of $7,223,000 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, and $55,000 in the Oil Spill Response appropriation.
This increase reflects Congressional actions not sustained in 1993 and the
transfer of funds to Nationwide Support for the Integrated Financial Management
System. The increase will provide for interior design and telecommunications
costs for the new Headquarters facility, cost escalations to security contracts,
cover anticipated utility rate increases and reflects Congressional actions not
sustained in 1993. It also supports data management activities which will
provide for data integration and the sharing of information with state and local
governments and allows for continuation of GIS development. The data integration
efforts will support the Agency emphasis on compliance, enforcement, and
pollution prevention strategies. These resources will provide space planning and
coordination services for the new Headquarters facility, these resources will
11-78
-------
also provide quality Headquarters Support services at Washington, RTF and
Cincinnati including motor pool, printing and copying, telephones, utilities,
facilities operations and maintenance (specifically the needs associated with the
Waterside Mall Complex), and ADP technical support.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $58,607,700 for this program,
of which $56,815,500 is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $613,000
from the Inspector General appropriation and $1,179,200 from the Reregistration
and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. These resources are being used to
provide on-going office, building, and information management services to EPA
operations in Washington, RTP, and Cincinnati. With this funding level the
Agency will provide adequate on-going services necessary to operate and manage
EPA headquarters facilities, office supply/support services, and management
information systems. Additionally, the Agency will continue to carry out its
operating plans for delegation of authority for lease enforcement/building
operations at headquarters facilities, and will continue to refine procedures for
property management/inventory control. We will continue to plan for the new
Headquarters facility and focus on delineation of program requirements. In
addition we are continuing our facility improvement efforts at the Waterside Mall
Complex.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $53,557,800 for this program, of
which $52,138,900 from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $550,900 from the
Inspector General appropriation and $868,000 from the Reregistration and
Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. These resources provided basic Headquarters
Support services to EPA operations in Washington, RTP, and Cincinnati and funded
the operational portion of our indoor air quality improvement initiative at
Waterside Mall. In addition, detailed technical requirements, evaluation
criteria, and site analysis information was performed in preparation for the new
Headquarters facility.
REGIONAL SUPPORT SERVICES
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $51,126,000 for this program, of which
$50,251,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $654,000 for the
Inspector General appropriation, and $220,200 for the Oil Spill Response
appropriation. This represents an increase of $6,671,900 in the Salaries and
Expense appropriation, $474,000 in the Inspector General appropriation, and
$220,200 in the Oil Spill Response appropriation from 1992. The increase in the
Inspector General appropriation will provide for support costs associated with
new IG workyears and inflationary increases in support. The increase in Salaries
and Expenses will allow for inflation increases in basic operating costs and
reflects Congressional actions and Agency reprogrammings not sustained in 1993.
This level of resources will provide the ten Regional Offices with basic support
services including printing and copying, minicomputer operations, utilities,
mail, telephone, library operations, general training, office and laboratory
facility maintenance, and technical support.
11-79
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1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $43,844,800 for this program
of which $43,579,800 is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $180,000
from the Inspector General Appropriations and $85,000 from the Reregistration and
Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. These resources are being used to provide
basic office, building, and information management services to the Regions. In
addition, funding is provided to pay for Regional moves.
1991 Accomplishment
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $50,537,900 for this program, of
which $50,356,300 is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $151,000 from
the Inspector General appropriation and $30,600 from the Reregistration and
Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. These funds provided ongoing support
services in the Regions including improved property management and better safety
for EPA employees. Also, the Regional office in Chicago was relocated.
AUTOMATED DATA PROCESSING SUPPORT COSTS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $49,823,200 for this program, $49,693,200
of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $130,000 from
the Inspector General appropriation. This represents an increase of $6,223,000
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a decrease of $4,200,000 in
Abatement, Control and Compliance. The increase in Salaries and Expenses will
provide fully adequate resources to support the Center for Ecology, Research and
Training in Bay City, Michigan. Specifically, these resources will provide the
mainframe computing capacity, telecommunications network, quality workstation
support and operations to support the access and use of environmental and
management data.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $47.800,200, of which $43,470,200 is
from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $4,200,000 from the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation and $130,000 from the Inspector General
appropriation. These funds are being used to maintain adequate services for
demand on computing services in support of all Agency programs, exclusive of
Superfund. The Agency's mainframe computing resources are expanding to meet the
increased use by the Agency and States in environmental data collection, use and
sharing. The integration of our administrative systems have also increased the
demand for mainframe computing capacity. The Agency is also beginning to
implement a more open telecommunications architecture centered around current
communications standards.
Congressional Directives: A total of $2,200,000 from the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation is for the Congressionally directed Supercomputer,
including planning/site acquisition, for Regional Acid Disposition Monitoring
programs and Ecology Research and Training in Bay City, Michigan.
-------
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $50,406,400, of which $49,443,400
was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $835,700 from the Abatement
Control and Compliance appropriation and $127,300 from the Inspector General
appropriation. The Agency used these funds to maintain and operate its mainframe
computing systems, continued the implementation of telecommunications
connectivity to state/local environmental agencies to facilitate data sharing,
implemented intra-building telecommunications backbones to support local area
networking, and began investments in visualization technology in support of
supercomputer modeling research. The Agency continued to invest in increased
computing capacity to support programmatic and administrative computer
applications. Investments were also made in the wide area network to implement
increased capacity and to respond to government-wide standards.
LAB SUPPORT - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
1993 Program Revest
No resources are requested for this activity in 1993. This completes the
consolidation of support costs. Laboratory Support including health and safety
and compliance is now funded as part of the operating expenses found in
Multimedia - laboratory and field expenses.
1992 Program
The agency allocated a total of $114,400 in 1992, These funds have been
reprogrammed to multimedia and will continue to provide for the health, safety
and environment compliance oversight at the remote laboratories.
1991 accomplishments
ORD obligated $36,800 all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
Appropriation and in support of operations and maintenance of the remote
laboratories.
LAB SUPPORT - AIR AND RADIATION
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,190,000 for this program, all of which
is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an increase of
$237,400 from 1992. This program supports the Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory
(MVEL) in Ann Arbor, Michigan; the National Air and Radiation Environmental
Laboratory (NAREL) in Montgomery, Alabama; and the Las Vegas radiation facility
(LVF) in Nevada. The funds provide basic operation and maintenance support at
these locations. The support provided includes security, janitorial, and
maintenance services; utilities; General Services Administration vehicles;
supplies and materials; and communications. The increases will support higher
operational costs of the new, larger facility and the modernization of the
laboratory counting room.
11-81
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1992 Program
In 1992 the Agency is allocating 31,952,600 to support the three
laboratories, all from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The 1992 program
is providing the same types of activities described for 1993: basic laboratory
operations, maintenance, and supplies. These activities are required on a
continuing basis for effective and safe laboratory operation.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991 the Agency obligated a total of $1,817,400 for this program, all
of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds provided
the basic facilities operations and maintenance costs necessary to operate the
three laboratories.
LAB SUPPORT - PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $474,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $120,200 over
1992. Resources will be used for basic facilities and operation and maintenance
costs for the laboratories in Beltsville, Maryland and Bay St. Louis,
Mississippi. These costs include utilities, security, communications,I
warehousing, custodial services, and building maintenance. These resources will
also provide for the purchase of new laboratory equipment to replace equipment
which is obsolete or no longer cost-effective to repair, and cover increasing
maintenance costs for existing equipment. The resources will also provide for
the purchase of equipment for building analytical capacity for biotechnology and
other unique products which cannot be validated with traditional laboratory
instruments.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $353,800 for this program, all
of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The 1992 program
supports the facilities, operations, and maintenance costs for the laboratories
in Beltsville, Maryland and Bay St. Louis, Mississippi. These costs include
utilities, security, communications, warehousing, custodian services, building
maintenance, purchase of new laboratory equipment to replace equipment which is
obsolete or no longer cost-effective to repair, equipment maintenance, building
biotechnology capacity, and analyzing unique products which cannot be validated
with traditional analytical laboratory instruments.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $468,000 for this program, all of
which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The funds were used to
provide general support and maintenance of the laboratories.
-------
12. BUILDING
AND FACILITIES
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES 12-1
Buildings and Facilities 12-4
New Facilities 12-7
Repairs and Improvements 12-7
-------
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE <•
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Buildings & Facilities S31.885.4 513,000.0 $39.300.0 S39.300.0 342,100.0 S2,800.0
TOTAL, BUILDINGS AND FACILIT 331,885.4 S13.000.0 S39,300.0 S39.300.0 5*2.100.0 S2.800.0
OUTLAYS S29.297.0 S18,680.0 S21.263.0 S21.263.0 331,525.0 S10.262.0
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS Authorization if by virtu* of th« Appropriations Act.
12-1
-------
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
DIFFERENCE
PRES. CURRENT
BUDGET ENACTED ESTIMATE ENACTED VS EST. VS EST. VS
1992 1992 1992 PRES. BUD PRES. BUD ENACTED
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Buildings & Facilities 513,000.0 S39,300.0 S39,300.0 S26,300.0 S26.300.0
TOTAL. BUILDINGS & FACILITIES $13,000.0 S39,300.0 539,300.0 526,300.0 526.300.0
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
o OMB placed resources in category B, thus withholding funds until Congressional
intent can be clarified.
o Appropriation changes were made to implement the mandated Congressional reductions
and/or adds.
12-2
-------
MEDIA BRIDGE TABLE
(dollars in thousands)
BUILDINGS AND
FACILITIES
BAF TOTAL
1992 CURRENT ESTIMATE: $39,300 $39.300
Changes by Category:
Workforce Costs (+/-) $0 $0
Legislative Initiatives (+/-) $0 $0
Program Initiatives (+/-) $2,900 $2,900
Discontinuation of Specific
Increases to FY 1992 Request (-) $0 $0
Other(+/-) $0 $0
1993 REQUEST: $42,100 $42,100
12-3
-------
BUILDING AND FACILITIES
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Buildings and Facilities appropriation funds the design, construction,
repair and improvement of buildings occupied by EPA. The Agency currently has
ten Regional offices with associated Regional laboratories, two large research
and development laboratory complexes, a number of field stations with laboratory
facilities and a large headquarters complex.
This program provides a safe and healthful work environment for EPA
employees by providing for renovation upgrades, and repair or replacement of our
facilities. We are implementing intermediate and long-range plans which assess
alternative housing options for EPA operations, as well as continuing a repair
program that protects the investment in EPA's real property holdings. We are
also upgrading and modifying current facilities to more adequately and
efficiently address the Agency's changing programs. We will continue to
emphasize environmental compliance and health and safety efforts in EPA
facilities such as removing asbestos and PCB's, upgrading fire and life safety
systems, and replacing HVAC systems to meet ventilation standards.
12-4
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BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
New FaciIities
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE •
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
New Facilities
Buildings 1 Facilities 120,221.5 (500.0 (32.216.2 $32,216.2 S30,100.0 -»2,116.2
TOTAL $20,221.5 $500.0 (32,216.2 (32,216.2 (30,100.0 -(2,116.2
TOTAL:
Buildings t Facilities (20,221.5 (500.0 (32.216.2 (32.216.2 (30,100.0 -(2,116.2
New Facilities TOTAL (20,221.5 (500.0 (32,216.2 (32,216.2 (30,100.0 -(2,116.2
12-5
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BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
Repairs i Improvements
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE •
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Repairs I laproveMnts
Buildings I Facilities 111,663.9 S12.500.0 $7,083.8 $7,083.8 S12,000.0 $4,916.2
TOTAL $11,663.9 $12,500.0 $7,083.8 $7,083.8 $12,000.0 $4,916.2
TOTAL:
Buildings & Fccilities $11,663.9 $12,500.0 $7,083.8 $7,083.8 $12,000.0 $4,916.2
Repairs I iMproveMnts TOTAL $11.663.9 $12.500.0 $7.083.8 $7,083.8 $12.000.0 $4,916.2
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BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
Budget Request
The Agency requests $42,100,000 for the Buildings and Facilities
appropriation, an increase of $2,800,000 from 1992.
NEW FACILITIES
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $30,100,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Building and Facilities appropriation. This represents a
decrease of $2,116,200 from 1992. These funds will be used to design and
construct a child care center at the laboratory facility in Narragansett, Rhode
Island; to design and construct an office addition, and to retrofit existing
office space for laboratory use at the A. w. Breidenbach Environmental Research
Center in Cincinnati, Ohio; and for build-out of the New Headquarters building.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating $32,216,200 for this program, all of which
is from the Buildings and Facilities appropriation. These funds are being used
for the Center for Ecology, Research and Training in Bay City, Michigan; for a
grant to the Neural Science Center in New York, New York; for the initial design
phase of a consolidated facility at Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; and
to design and construct a day care center in Ada, Oklahoma.
Congressional Directives. A total of $31,700,000 is for Congressionally directed
projects at Research Triangle Park, NC; Bay City, Michigan; and .the Neural
Science Center in New York City.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $20,221,500 for this program.
These funds were used to complete construction of a new
microbiology/biotechnology laboratory in Gulf Breeze, Florida; to purchase the
Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory in Ann Arbor, Michigan; to complete the day
care center in Cincinnati, Ohio; and to design the day center in Athens, Georgia.
REPAIRS AND IMPROVEMENTS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,000,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Buildi'ngs and Facilities appropriation. This represents an
increase of $4,916,200 from 1992 and results from Congressional actions not
sustained in 1993. These funds will provide engineering design, and construction
related to the repair and improvement of buildings occupied by EPA. More
specifically, these funds will be used to address critical repairs related to
employee health and safety (fire protection installation); enhance environmental
12-7
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compliance efforts in EPA facilities (asbestos and underground storage tank
removal and hazardous materials storage); improve working conditions at the
Waterside Mall Complex as well as necessary retrofitting to implement the Master
Space Plan; meet critical build-out costs for space associated with moving the
Athens Environmental Services Division laboratory, the RTF Laboratory and
expanding the Denver Regional Office; initiate a "Green Lights" energy efficiency
program for EPA facilities; and provide for required alterations and repairs
(electrical distribution, air conditioning, emergency power for laboratory
facilities).
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,083,800 for this program,
all of which is from the Buildings and Facilities appropriation. These resources
are being used to provide facilities maintenance and repair in an effort to
prevent further deterioration of EPA facilities, to continue environmental
compliance activities such as asbestos removal and underground storage tank (UST)
activities, and to continue health and safety improvements and modifications to
facilities, including fume hoods and critical HVAC upgrades. A number of program
support projects will be funded including the repair of water systems at three
of our marine laboratories. The Agency's nationwide facilities masterplanning
will also continue.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $11,663,900, all of which was from
the Buildings and Facilities appropriation. These resources were used to
complete health and safety improvements to protect EPA employees at 13 different
locations, 'finish environmental compliance improvements at 8 locations, provide
routine and emergency repairs at multiple sites throughout the nation and provide
build-out for new office space in Chicago, Dallas, Kansas City, New York, San
Francisco, and Headquarters.
12-8
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13. CONSTRUCTION
GRANTS
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS 13-1
Construction Grants and State Revolving Funds 13-6
Water Quality Management Cooperative Agreements 13-8
-------
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
ACTUAL PR£S. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE »
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Construction Grants 2527.994.8 1900.000.0 2400.000.0 2*00.000.0 2300.000.0 100.000.0
TOTAL, Construction Grants 2527,994.8 1900,000.0 2400,000.0 2*00.000.0 2500,000.0 100.000.0
OUTLAYS 2389,279.0 219*.175.0 2202.175.0 2202.175.0 2171.438.0 -30.737.0
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS The Water Quality Act of 1987 reauthorized this program at a level
of S2.400.000 for each year 1986 through 1988. and at SI.200.000
for each year 1989 through 1990. and SI.200,000 for 1993 for state
revolving funds.
13-1
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CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
DIFFERENCE
PRES. CURRENT
BUDGET ENACTED ESTIMATE ENACTED VS EST. VS EST. VS
1992 1992 1992 PRES. BUD PRES. BUD ENACTED
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Construction Grants 1900,000.0 2400,000.0 2400,000.0 500,000.0 500,000.0
TOTAL, Construction Grants 1900,000.0 2400,000.0 2400,000.0 500,000.0 500,000.0
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
o Congress added S46 million for Rouge River Wat Weather Demonstration Project
o Congress added $40 million for Baltimore sewage treatment
o Congress decreased Agency's request for Tijuana by SSI million
13-2
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MEDIA BRIDGE TABLE
(dollars in thousands)
CONSTRUCTION
GRANTS
CG TOTAL
1992 CURRENT ESTIMATE: $2,400,000 $2,400,000
Changes by Category:
Workforce Costs (+/-) $0 $0
Legislative Initiatives (+/-) $0 $0
Program Initiatives (+/-) $0 $0
Discontinuation of Specific
Increases to FY 1992 Request (-) -$46,000 -$46,000
Other(+/-) $146,000 $146,000
1993 REQUEST: $2.500.000 $2,500,000
13-3
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CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The construction grants program in the 1990's, under Titles I, II, V and
VI of the Clean Water Act (CWA), provides Federal grants for environmental
infrastructure to reduce and prevent point source pollution. Together with the
municipal pollution control, permit and enforcement programs, the grants program
assists in developing a self-sustaining capability in state and local governments
to administer their water pollution control programs to achieve compliance with
the CWA.
Since it was expanded in 1972, under Title II, the construction grants
program has provided over 13,000 Federal grants to states, municipal,
intermunicipal or interstate agencies, Indian tribes and Alaska Native Villages
for construction of over 5,800 publicly owned wastewater treatment works (POTWs).
Although fiscal year 1990 was the last year of authorized funding for actual
project grants under Title II, at the end of 1991 more than 4,500 grants
representing over $29 billion remain to be closed out. To achieve this objective
and protect the fiscal integrity of these funds, the Agency is implementing the
Completion/Closeout Strategy that coordinates actions with the states and the
Corps of Engineers.
In 1987, a new Title VI of the CWA created State Revolving Funds (SRFs) as
a way of providing the states with a self-perpetuating source of funds to finance
wastewater treatment needs. Under this title, funds were appropriated beginnin
in 1989 to provide the "seed money" that assures the SRFs will be self-
sustaining. To date, appropriations for Federal capitalization grants have
totalled $6.3 billion. With state contributions and bond proceeds, total funds
available to SRF programs exceed $8.0 billion. Over 500 loans have been made
under that SRF program.
In 1993, EPA will assist and evaluate state management of SRFs in all 50
states and Puerto Rico. EPA continues to guide the implementation of SRF
programs as states modify their programs to gain the benefits of more complex SRF
financing proposals. Roughly $2 billion of the $2.5 billion requested continue
the capitalization of existing SRFs in all of the states and Puerto Rico. This
request will be directed mainly at enhancing the long term viability of SRF
programs and ensuring that the states can provide financial assistance to
communities for construction of new and upgraded wastewater treatment facilities
needed to comply with the CWA.
Protecting the Nation's water quality includes working with other Nations.
The Administration's request directs $130 million toward the Mexican Border
Environmental Initiative problems consistent with environmental objectives of the
U.S./Mexican Trade Agreement. Included in this effort are funds under Title V
to continue construction of the International treatment plant for Tijuana and
funds directed mainly to the U.S. Colonias and other environmentally significant
wastewater projects along the U.S./Mexican Border.
13-4
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In addition, six coastal cities will receive $340 million in special 55%
grants to fund projects with significant environmental consequences for the
delicate ecologies of which these cities are a part. This funding will augment
our estuaries, promeote improved coastal water quality in targeted watersheds
shere environmental and public health risks are relatively high and where the
ecological, economic and public health benefits from the project are large. The
request provides assistance to Boston, New York, Los Angeles, San Diego, Seattle
and Baltimore.
The construction grants appropriation provides $16.5 million in grants
using the authorities under Section 104(b)(3), to assist the states, interstate
agencies, U.S. territories and Indian tribes (that qualify as states) to develop
selected capability-building activities. These activities include developing
capabilities for permitting and enforcing storm water discharges and combined
sewer overflows, developing sludge management programs and conducting pollution
prevention and pretreatment studies.
13-5
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CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
Construction Grants and State Revolving Funds
Budget Request
The Agency requests $2,500,000,000 for the Construction Grants
appropriation, an increase of $100,000,000 in the total appropriation from 1992.
Funding for the traditional Construction Grants program ended in 1990 and is
replaced by the State Revolving Fund (SRF) program. Of this request,
$2,013,500,000 will provide funding for the SRF program, an increase of
$100,000,000 from 1992. The budget includes $340,000,000 in targeted grants to
high priority coastal cities, and $130,000,000 to clean up the Mexican border.
This request also includes $16,500,000 for water quality cooperative agreements
which represents no change from the 1992 funding level.
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS AND STATE REVOLVING FUNDS
1993 Program Request
The Agency's request of $2,483,500,000 will be devoted mainly to the SRF
program. The Agency also requests funds for targeted cities in critical coastal
areas and for projects along the U.S./Mexico border.
The Agency's requests $2,013,500,000 for capitalizing SRF programs which!
have proven to be a very successful financing technique to help meet the nation's
large water pollution control needs. This request will enable the Agency to
support the long-term viability of SRF programs and ensure that states can
provide financial assistance to communities for construction of the highest
priority wastewater treatment facilities needed to comply with Clean Water Act
requirements, as well as new and emerging needs for combined sewer overflows,
storm water, nonpoint sources, toxics and sludge.
The Agency requests that $340,000,000 be targeted for 55% Federally cost-
shared grants to six communities to fund projects with significant recreational,
ecological, public health and economic benefits. This funding will augment our
estuaries initiative and improve important habitats. The request provides
assistance for wastewater treatment facilities to serve the following localities:
Boston, Massachusetts ($100,000,000); New York, New York ($70,000,000); Los
Angeles, California ($55,000,000); San Diego, California ($40,000,000); Seattle,
Washington ($35,000,000); and Baltimore. Maryland ($40,000,000).
The Agency also requests that $130,000,000 be directed toward the Mexican
Border Initiative to address major environmental problems consistent with
environmental objectives of the U.S./Mexican Free Trade Agreement. Included in
this effort is $65,000,000 for the construction of an international treatment
plant and ocean outfall to treat the raw sewage from Tijuana which threatens the
National Estuarine Reserve, and another $15,000,000 directed to environmentally
significant wastewater projects along the U.S./Mexican border at Nogales (AZ) and
the New River (CA). Finally, $50 million will be provided in 50 percent Federal
share grants to Texas for wastewater treatment in "colonias" along the border.
13-6
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Gross obligations for 1993 will total approximately $2,827,000,000;
$772,000,000 for construction grants and $2,055,000,000 for SRFs. Outlays are
projected to total approximately $2,171,000,000; $876,000,000 for construction
grants and $1,295,000,000 for the SRF program.
In 1993, fifty states and Puerto Rico will have operating SRF programs.
A total workload of almost 3000 construction grants projects will remain active
at the end of 1993.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $2.337,500.000 from the
Construction Grants appropriation, $1,948,500,000 of which is devoted to
capitalize the SRF program. A total of $340,000,000 is for targeted projects for
wastewater treatment facilities to serve the following cities: Baltimore,
Maryland ($40,000,000); Boston, Massachusetts ($100,000,000); New York, New York
($70,000,000); Los Angeles, California ($55,000,000); San Diego, California
($40,000.000); and Seattle, Washington ($35,000.000). In addition. $49,000,000
has been stipulated for Section 510 of the Water Quality Act of 1987 for an
international sewage treatment facility in Tijuana, Mexico.
.Gross obligations for 1992 will total approximately $2,363,500,000;
$553,000,000 for construction grants and $1.810,500,000 for the SRF program.
Outlays will total approximately $2.420.000.000; $996.000.000 for construction
grants and $1,424,000,000 for the SRF program.
Fifty-one SRF programs are operating in 1992. A total of 35 new
construction grants project awards are being made from carryover and deobligated
construction grants funds, resulting in a total active' workload of almost 4,000
construction grants projects by the end of 1992. EPA's coordination and
negotiation with the Indian Health Service continues for Indian tribes and Alaska
Native Village projects funded under the first and second construction grants
set-aside funding cycles. In addition, $9,743,000 in new grants will be awarded
from funds provided in 1992. The Section 603(d) set-aside for SRF administration
and Section 604(b) set-aside for planning and management activities under Title
VI are continuing.
Congressional Directives. A total of $40,000,000 is for Congressionally
directed projects for Baltimore, Maryland.
1991 Accomplishments
The Agency's 1991 appropriation included $2,047,800,000 for the
Construction Grants and SRF programs. Additionally, Congress provided funds
under Title V of the Water Quality Act for the Boston Harbor ($20.000,000) and
Tijuana ($15,700,000) projects. Authorizations for these activities are
contained in Sections 513, and 510, respectively. The Agency worked with the
affected jurisdictions to develop and implement plans for the use of these funds
consistent with their authorized purposes.
In 1991, gross obligations totaled $2,511,600,000; $429,000,000 for the
Construction grants and $2,082,600,000 for the SRF program. Federal outlays
13-7
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totaled $2,389,000.000; $1,421,000,000 for construction grants and $95£ , GCC . 00'^
for the SRF program.
WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $16,500,000 for water quality cooperative
agreements, all of which is from the Construction Grants (CG) appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $46,000,000 from the 1992 funding level. The
Agency expects that further funding of the Rouge River project will be through
Title II of the Clean Water Act where a 45 percent match is required.
In 1993, greater attention will be given to accelerating unique and new
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permitting activities for
industrial pretreatment and municipal sewage sludge. These funds will be used
to conduct special permitting and enforcement activities, demonstrations.
training and studies. States will also address nontraditional pollution problems
such as combined sewer overflows (CSOs) and storm water in targeted areas.
Activities to be funded include developing sludge management programs; conducting
studies of municipal water pollution prevention, pretreatment, and toxicity
controls; and developing capabilities for permitting and enforcing storm water
discharge and CSO programs. Resources of up to $1 million will also be directed
towards developing "treatment as a state" applications for Indian tribes as well
as providing demonstration and training for improving capabilities of tribes in
implementing NPDES pretreatment and sludge programs. By targeting these funds!
at new programmatic areas, or demonstrations and pilots of new approaches and
relying on technology transfer of the results, EPA, the states, and qualifying
Indian tribes will address these new components of the NPDES program
expeditiously and enhance pollution control efforts.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $62,500,000 for water quality
cooperative agreements, all of which is from the CG appropriation. Of this total,
$46,000,000 is earmarked for the Rouge River Wet Weather Demonstration Project.
For the remaining $16,500,000, highest priority is being given to addressing the
unique requirements of ' the CSO program such as developing guidance for
determining permit conditions and developing training and enforcement programs.
Implementing the requirements of the new storm water regulations and developing
appropriate control approaches for storm water is also a high priority. Emphasis
is being placed on achieving concrete results such as development and
implementation of state storm water permitting strategies. Specific activities
include the development of specialized general permits for storm water associated
with industrial activity to serve as models to assist and expedite other state
storm water permitting activities. In addition, resources support the control
of storm water in targeted watersheds and accelerated implementation of storm
water strategies through development and implementation of pilot training and
technical assistance outreach efforts.
In addition to supporting the National CSO and storm water programs,
resources are being used to support state sludge programs by conducting surveys
on sludge use and disposal and demonstration of new strategies for developing
13-8
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comprehensive sludge programs; pre treatment programs which will result: in
furtherance of the goals of CSO, storm water and sludge programs; and Indian
programs for developing "pretreatment as a state" applications.
Congressional Direcrives. Congress added $46,000,000 for the Rouge River Wet
Weather Demonstration Project.
1991 Accomplishments
During 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $16,400,000 in grants under
Section 104(b)(3) of the CWA. These grants were awarded to support new
requirements related to the NPDES program implementation such as projects for
development of a method for assessing CSO impacts, development of a model
municipal program for removal of private inflow sources from CSOs which included
development of an educational program and identification of storm water
management alternatives, and development of model general permit language for
storm water discharges. Grants were also awarded for the implementation of
municipal water pollution prevention pilot projects.
13-9
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14. SUPERFUND
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
SUPERFUND
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Substance Research 14-10
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE
Hazardous Substance Response . 14-25
Hazardous Spill and Site Response 14-25
Hazardous Substance Response - Support 14-37
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Water 14-38
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Air and Radiation . . 14-41
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency 14-43
Department of Health and Human Services 14-45
Department of Justice 14-47
United States Coast Guard ' 14-48
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . 14-49
Department of the Interior 14-50
Federal Emergency Management Agency • 14-51
Occupational Safety and Health Administration 14-52
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement 14-53
Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement . . . 14-53
Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement 14-56
Hazardous Substance Criminal Enforcement Programs 14-60
Hazardous Substance Technical Support 14-62
Hazardous Substance Federal Facilities Enforcement 14-63
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Hazardous Substance Management and Support 14-66
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Headquarters .... 14-71
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Regions 14-72
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters . 14-73
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Regions .... 14-74
Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants
Management - Headquarters 14-74
Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants
Management - Regions 14-75
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Headquarters/Nationwide 14-76
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Regions 14-77
Hazardous Substance Automated Data Processing Support 14-77
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Headquarters 14-78
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Regions 14-79
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Inspector General 14-79
Hazardous Substance - Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation 14-81
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Comptroller 14-84
Hazardous Substance - Executive Offices 14-84
Hazardous Substance - Office of Research and Development . . . 14-86
-------
ACTUAL
1991
PRES.
BUDGET
1992
SUPERFUND
ENACTED
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
REQUEST
1993
INCREASE -
DECREASE -
1993 VS 1932'
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Office of Inspector
General
Hazardous Substance
Response - Interagency
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
TOTAL, Superfund
S12.348.5 314,954.0 S14.954.0 S14,954.0 S16.428.0
Si.474.0
1634.427.1 1750.000.0 1616.228.0 1616,228.0 1750.000.0 133.772.0
1646.775.6 1764,954.0 1631.182.0 1631.182.0 1766.428.0 135.246.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
3.359.7
3.516.2
3.696.1
3.698.1
3,698.1
3,696.1
3,560.3
3.698.1
3.760.4
3.760.4
1424.940.1 1527,837.0 1499,779.7 1499.779.7 1542.824.0
200.1
62.3
43,044.3
The Comprehensive Environmental Response. Compensation and
Liability Act. as amended, authorizes a total of S5.1CO.OOC for
this program for 1992 through 1994.
14-1
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SUPERFUNl)
DIFFERENCE
PRES. . CURREKT - --
BUDGET ENACTED ESTIMATE ENACTED VS EST. VS EST. VS
1992 1992 1992 FEES. BUD PRES. BUD ENACTED
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Office of Inspector 514,954.0 S14,954.0 S14.954.0
General
Hazardous Substance 1750,000.0 1616,228.0 1616.228.0-133,772.0 -133,772.0
Superfund
TOTAL, Superfund 1764,954.0 1631,182.0 1631.182.0-133,772.0 -133.772.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS 3.698.1 3.698.1 3,560.3 -137.8 -137.8
TOTAL WORKYEARS 3.698.1 3.696.1 3,698.1
Office of Inspector General
o No change to the program.
Hazardous Substance Superfund
o Changes were* made to the program to implement the mandated Congressional
reductions and adds.
14-2
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MEDIA BRIDGE TABLE
(dollars in thousands)
1992 CURRENT ESTIMATE:
Changes by Category:
Workforce Costs (+/-)
Legislative Initiatives (+/-)
Program Initiatives (+/-)
Site Cleanup
Discontinuation of Specific
Increases to FY 1992 Request (-)
Other(+/-)
1993 REQUEST:
PIG
$14,954
$0
SUPERFUND
SF TOTAL
$1.616.228 $1,631,182
$20,994
$20.994
$1,474
$0
$0
$0
$3.265
$153,672
-$49,328
$5,169
$4.739
$153,672
-$49,328
$5,169
$16.428 $1.750,000 $1.766.428
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SUPERFUND
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
of 1980 (CERCLA) , as amended by the Su'perfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
(SARA) of 1986 and extended through 1994 by the Omnibus Budget Reconcilation Act,
charges the Agency with the responsibility of providing emergency response for
hazardous substances released into the environment and the remediation of
inactive hazardous waste sites. The Hazardous Substance Superfund finances the
required activities to. implement CERCLA through taxes levied on petroleum and
certain chemical feed-stocks, a corporate environmental tax, cost recoveries,
fines, penalties and general revenues.
The Agency will respond to releases of hazardous substances, pollutants,
and contaminants by either compelling potentially responsible parties (PRPs) to
undertake the response action, or by conducting a removal or remedial action.
Removal actions, taken at both National Priorities List (NPL) sites and non-NPL
sites, are generally short-term emergency responses taken to abate an immediate
threat posed by the uncontrolled release of hazardous substances. Remedial
actions, taken at NPL sites only, involve long-term cleanup remedies taken to
achieve final cleanup goals instead of, or in addition to, removal actions. The
program will continue to select sites for remedial action from the NPL and to
undertake all response actions in accordance with the National Contingency Plan.
While the Agency has the primary responsibility for implementing the
program, the Agency works closely with a variety of other Federal agencies and
the states to carry out the program. The Superfund program consists of five
major organizational areas: Enforcement; Hazardous Substance Response;
Interagency Support; Research and Development; and Management and Support. The
effective implementation of these activities involves close cooperation among
various Agency offices, the states, Indian tribes, and other Federal agencies.
Increased Emphasis on Response Cleanup Actions
The Response program works to accomplish two major goals: to stabilize
actual or potential threats from releases of hazardous substances; and to ensure
that environmental threats posed by uncontrolled hazardous waste sites are
addressed quickly and effectively. These objectives are incorporated into the
Agency's policy of addressing the worst sites first.
In 1993, the Superfund program will continue to build on the
recommendations established in the Superfund Management Review (SMR) of 1989.
The SMR introduced many management .and programmatic principles to promote an
integrated cleanup and enforcement program. In 1993, the emphasis will be to
continue the shift to greater PRP involvement in the response cleanup process.
The Agency will manage the level of new and ongoing cleanup activity within
appropriated resource levels to reach an equilibrium in the Superfund pipeline.
14-4
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In 1993, Superfund will implement methodologies for accelerating the rate
of cleanups at Superfund sites as described by the Superfund 30-Day Task Force
Report of FY 1991. By the end of FY 1993, Superfund expects to more than triple
the current number of NPL sites with completed response activity.
Enforcement-First Program Continues
The Agency's "enforcement-first" strategy is designed to compel PRPs to
conduct cleanup actions at sites for which they are responsible. A crucial step
in implementing this policy is identifying PRPs in the initial stages of site
remediation. The Agency will continue to maximize PRP response through
negotiated settlements for removal actions, remedial investigation/feasibility
studies (RI/FS), remedial design/remedial action (RD/RA), through compliance with
Agency unilateral administrative orders (UAOs) or through litigation.
PRP responses resulting from settlements and judgments will be managed,
implemented, and monitored for compliance. Where negotiations are unsuccessful,
UAOs may be issued. Where a Fund-financed response is conducted following the
issuance of a UAO, the Agency is authorized to pursue the recovery of government
costs plus treble damages. In cases where PRPs do not respond in a timely manner
or fail to comply with the provisions of a Consent Decree, enforcement actions
are taken. In some cases, a CERCLA Section 106 judicial action may follow to
compel a privately-financed response. The Agency can seek recovery of all
government costs incurred as a result of a Fund-financed action. Furthermore,
non-settling PRPs will be vigorously pursued for cost recovery, with the focus
on cases subject to a statute of limitation deadline. Throughout the stage prior
to remedy selection, efforts will continue to identify additional PRPs.
The Agency will continue to encourage state involvement in the Superfund
program. The Agency will provide technical assistance as the states compel PRP
response under state authorities and oversee privately funded response actions.
The enforcement program will also provide oversight of response and technical
assistance to other Federal agencies that are addressing uncontrolled hazardous
sites at facilities owned or operated by that agency.
The Federal Facilities Enforcement Program will provide support for
oversight of CERCLA Section 120 agreements with Federal agencies to conduce
cleanup of environmental contamination at Federally owned facilities and ensure
that Federal agencies meet and comply with all environmental standards required
by SARA. Major priorities include: assisting the Department of Defense (DOD) in
expediting environmental reviews and cleanup at military base closures;
establishing a national priorities system for Federal facilities cleanups in
consultation with other Federal agencies and states; implementing a comprehensive
Agency Federal Facility Strategy; providing technical assistance to Federal
agencies; maintaining the Federal facilities Hazardous waste Docket; and
continuing support for State capacity building efforts.
The Criminal Enforcement Program will use the felony provisions of SARA to
prosecute parties who illegally dispose of waste, fail to report hazardous
substance releases, destroy records, or submit false information on claims.
The Agency will also provide specialized support for the Enforcement
14-5
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program through laboratory analysis of high hazard samples, field investigations,
technical assistance in the negotiations of consent decrees, and evidence audits
to assure the accuracy of records and analyses.
Special Expertise of Other Federal Agencies
The Agency integrates the efforts of the Departments of Health and Human
Services, Justice, Transportation, Commerce, Interior, Labor, and the Federal
Emergency Management Agency as part of our requirement for CERCLA. In this
capacity, EPA manages an interagency budget process under Executive Order 12580,
signed by the President in January 1987. The activities of other Federal
agencies are divided into two basic categories. The first category includes
specific site or spill response actions. The second category involves the
support of on-going activities which are generally not incident-specific. These
activities include: developing program policies and guidance; conducting health
research; training response personnel; litigating civil and criminal cases; and
providing scientific and technical advice to EPA on-scene coordinators.
The Department of Health and Human Services provides the largest supporting
element to Superfund activities through the work of the Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the National Institute for
Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). ATSDR will provide health assessments at
NPL and non-NPL sites, enhance and maintain toxicology data bases for chemicals
found at sites, and provide health consultations for emergency responses. NIEHS
will continue its basic research grant program of conducting bio-remedial studies
investigating new and unique methodologies to measure levels of exposure and its
effects on people.
Other Federal agencies will provide support for EPA as follows: the
Department of Justice will conduct litigation and provide legal advice to achieve
PRP actions or cost recovery; and the U.S. Coast Guard will respond to spills of
hazardous substances in the coastal zone and Great Lakes waters and will maintain
the National Response Center. Altogether, the other Federal Agencies enable EPA
to carry out an aggressive enforcement effort, and to respond more effectively
and efficiently to emergencies and long-term response actions.
Developing Solutions to Cleanup Problems
The Superfund Research program provides the scientific and technical
information necessary to resolve technical problems which inhibit the effective
implementation of removal and remedial actions at Superfund sites. Research
emphasis will continue on the development of innovative treatment technologies
for use in cleanup actions under the Superfund Innovative Technology (SITE)
program, and on the evaluation of naturally occurring or improved microorganisms
(bioremediation) for their ability to degrade hazardous substance in a cost
effective and environmentally sound manner. Increased emphasis will be placed
on the provision of site-specific technical support to Regions and states for
risk assessment, site characterization, and the selection of remedial
alternatives. A major program priority is to increase the application of
innovative technologies to treat contaminated soil and groundwater at NPL sites.
14-6
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Ensuring Integrity of Trust Fund
The Agency is placing greater emphasis on the Superfund contracting
strategy to ensure that site-specific contracting needs are effectively and
efficiently addressed. In 1993, the Agency will continue implementing the
Superfund long-term contracting strategy designed to provide greater efficiency
and flexibility in site response contracting needs.
Actions to promptly and effectively correct any potential management
control weaknesses identified through the Federal Manager's Financial Integrity
Act (FMFIA) remain a top priority of the Superfund program. In FY 1991, two
studies focusing on Alternative Remedial Contracting Strategy (ARCS) Contract
Management and the Contract Lab Program were conducted and corrective action
plans have been developed and are being implemented. In FY 1992, the Agency
declared both ARCS Contract Management and the Contract Lab Program as material
weaknesses based on these studies. In FY 1992 and FY 1993, Superfund will
continue to carry out the numerous corrective action measures currently in place
to ensure that any mismanagement of resources and fraud are avoided. Financial
management services will continue to ensure the financial integrity of Superfund
site-specific cost accounting data and provide timely and accurate reports to
Regional and Headquarters managers.
The Agency's Office of Inspector General will also continue to increase its
efforts to combat fraud, waste and abuse in .Superfund Federal Assistance and
procurement programs through an aggressive program of audits and investigations.
The Office of Inspector General will expand and focus'its in-house capability on
ensuring the integrity of Superfund contracts and contracting administration,
including the ARCS contracts.
Consulting Services
In 1993, the program will carry out corrective activity for identified-
weaknesses in its management of the Superfund program. Specifically, the Agency
will implement the long-term contracting strategy for the Superfund program.
This strategy identifies the improved contract management initiatives outlined
in the SMR. The Agency will also continue current efforts to improve the
management of Alternative Remedial Contracting Strategy (ARCS) contracts and
ambitiously strive to reduce all potential vulnerabilities to waste, fraud, and
abuse in this area.
14-7
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SUPERFUND
INCREASE1
OR
CURRENT DECREASE
ACTUAL ESTIMATE REQUEST 1993 VS
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES 1991 1992 1993 1992
Incremental Outputs
ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS
Response Enforcement
106 Civil Actions 71 67 60 -7
Remedial Administrative Orders 48 44 44 +0
Other Administrative Orders 221 189 214 +25
Criminal Referrals 2 12 +1
Criminal Investigations 212+1
Cost Recovery
107 Referrals 73 56 63 +7
Administrative * 30 27 40 +13
RESPONSE ACTIONS (New Sites Only)
Removal Actions **
Fund Financed 243 168 190 + 22
PRP Response 89 102 • 103 +29
Pre-remedial Actions
Preliminary Assessments 1,543 1,575 1,575 0
Site Inspections 2,055 1,867 1,867 0
Remedial Investigations/
Feasibility Studies
Fund Financed 7 22 21 -1
PRP Response 34 34 55 +21
Remedial Designs
Fund Financed 21 32 33 +1
PRP Response 78 54 66 +12
Remedial Actions
Fund Financed 20 10 14 +4
PRP Response 42 44 60 +16
* This activity includes administrative plus voluntary cost recoveries and
cost recoveries resulting from dem'and letters.
** Removal actions include new and subsequent starts.
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SUPERFUND
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Cununulative Outputs
ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS
Response Enforcement
ACTUAL
001
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
REQUEST
1993
IN'CREAS:
OR
DECREAS:
1993 VS.
1 QOT
106 Civil Actions ...... 322
Remedial Administrative Orders 200
Other Administrative Orders 1,063
Criminal Referrals 3
Criminal Investigations 14
Cost Recovery
107 Referrals .......... 471
Administrative * ....... 341
RESPONSE ACTIONS rNev Sices Onlv)
•moval Actions **
Fund Financed .......... 1,766
PRP Response ........... 583
Pre-remedial Actions
Preliminary Assessments 31,568
Site Inspections ....... 14,715
Remedial Investigations/
Feasibility Studies
Fund Financed .......... 577
PRP Response ........... 349
Remedial Designs
Fund Financed .......... 250
PRP Response ........... 277
Remedial Actions
Fund Financed .......... 174
Response ........... 191
389
244
1,252
4
15
527
368
1,934
685
33,143
16,582
449
288
1,466
6
17
590
408
2,124
788
34,718
18,449
599
383
282
331
184
235
* This activity includes administrative plus voluntary
cost recoveries resulting from demand letters.
** Removal actions include new and subsequent starts.
14-9
620
438
315
397
198
295
+60
+44
214
+2
+2
+63
+40
+190
+103
+1,575
+1,867
+21
+55
+33
+66
+14
+60
cost recoveries and
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Research and
Development
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
SUPERFUND
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Substance Research 14-10
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substances Research
ACTUAL
1991
PRES.
BUDGET
1992
ENACTED
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
REQUEST
1993
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Substances
Research
Hazardous Substance $82,113.7 $66,472.4 $64,731.5 $65,024.8 $67,044.6 $2,019.8
Superfund
TOTAL $82,113.7 $66,472.4 $64,731.5 $65,024.8 $67,044.6 $2,019.8
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
$82,113.7 $66,472.4 $64,731.5 $65,024.8 $67,044.6 $2,019.8
Hazardous Substances TOTAL $82,113.7 $66,472.4 $64,731.5 $65,024.8 $67,044.6 $2,019.8
Research
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Hazardous Substances
Research
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS
129.7 130.1
130.1
135.1 135.1
129.7 130.1 130.1 135.1
135.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Substances
Research
133.7
130.1
130.1
135.T
135.1
TOTAL UORKYEARS
133.7
130.1
130.1
135.1
135.1
14-10
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substances - Superfund
Principal Outputs
1993 o Twenty Health and Environmental Effects Documents.
o Reference Dose Determinations (RfDs), Reference Cancer
Determinations (RfCs) and cancer potency estimates for inclusion
in IRIS.
o Twenty five Reportable Quantity chronic toxicity documents.
o Status of methods integrating cancer/non-cancer endpoints into
chemical mixtures risk assessment.
o Software to predict toxicity based on computer assisted structure
activity relationships (SAR).
o Report on additivity of selected poly-cycle airmatic
hydrocarbons in the production of DNA adducts and lung tumors in
rodents."
o Report on additivity of mixtures of selected VOCs in production of
hearing loss.
o Report on additivity of mixtures of selected VOCs in production of
renal and hepatic damage.
o Report on aircraft thermal imagery for monitoring landfill covers.
o Geographical information systems quality assurance methods.
o Report on comparison of volatile organic compound sampling
surveillance methods.
o Final evaluation report on immunoassay method for benzene,
ethylbenzene, toluene, and phenol.
o Guidance document on site characterization and containment
assessment.
o Model describing in-situ bioventing of hydrocarbons from the
subsurface.
o Report on enhancing the efficiency of pump-and-treat systems.
o Report on validation of laboratory-to-field extrapolation of
ecological risk assessment methods.
14-11
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o Report on emerging chemical remediation technologies for both
conventional and in-situ soil and ground water treatment.
o Standard methods for describing soil or vadose zone chemical and
physical properties to characterize hazardous waste sites.
o Report on the biodegradation of PCBs by bacteria isolated for
their ability to utilize analogues of biphenyl.
o Report on the feasibility of using anaerobic biodegradation to
treat soil and sediment contaminated with phenolic priority
pollutants.
o Guidelines for the evaluation of marine ecosystems associated with
Superfund sites (OEPER/ERL-Narragansett).
o Final report and international symposium proceedings on results of
urban soil lead abatement demonstration project.
1992 o Twenty health and environmental effects documents.
o RfDs, RfCs and cancer potency estimates for inclusion in IRIS.
o Thirty four Reportable Quantity chronic toxicity documents.
o Adult uptake biokinetic model for lead and apply at Superfund
sites.
o Structure activity relationship methods to predict toxicity.
o Model for dermal exposure from soils.
o Technical support for risk assessment reviews in RI/FS Process
(20-30 sites).
o Report on storage stability in canisters of an extensive list of
volatile organic compounds.
o Report on chemical enhancements to pump-and-treat remediations.
o Report on bioremediation of contaminated ground waters.
o Report on remediation of sites contaminated with
trichloroethylene.
o Report on conducting field tests for evaluation of soil vacuum
extraction.
o Report on behavior of metals in the soil environment.
o Report on fundamentals and principles of soil science as related
to contaminant mobility in soils.
o Report on in-situ bioremediation of vadose-zone soils.
14-12
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o Access to subsurface remediation technology database by on-line
bulletin board system.
o Report on evaluation of unsaturated vadose-zone models to set soil
remediation levels at sites.
o Report on uses of isolated natural organisms to enhance
bioremediation of mixed hazardous wastes.
o Report on the feasibility of using biological reductive
dehalogenation to treat soils contaminated with chlorinated
organic compounds.
o .Report on case studies of application of currently available
ecological risk assessment methods at selected hazardous waste
sites
o Report on the extent of treatment of hazardous constituents in
complex oily wastes.
1991 o Individual project reports from three participating cities in
Urban Soil Lead Abatement Demonstration Project.
o Seventeen health and environmental effects documents.
o RfDs, RfCs and cancer potency estimates for inclusion in IRIS.
o Twenty three Reportable Quantity chronic toxicity documents.
o MIXTOX interaction database expanded to include toxicity
significance.
o Report on the development of procedures for the use of microbial
inocula to biologically treat creosote-contaminated soils.
o Study on use of anaerobic sediment and soil microorganisms to
enhance biodegradation of hazardous organic wastes.
o Documented in-situ bioremediation of chlorinated solvents.
o Report on development of a pilot treatment system for
bioremediation of ground water contaminated with
trichloroethylene.
14-13
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Research
BUDGET REQUEST
This is a restructured program element from those identified in the 1992
Budget Request. Resources are identified at the new program element level and
not at the program issue level.
1993 Budget
The Agency requests a total of $67,044,600 supported by 135.1 total
workyears for 1993, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,019,800 from the 1992 level.
Increased resources will support the Administrator's initiative on
biosystems/bioremediation and groundwater.
1992 Budget
The Agency is allocating a total of $65,024,800 supported by 135.1 total
workyears for this program element all of which will be for the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation.
1991 Budget
The Agency obligated a total of $82,113,700 supported by 133.7 total
workyears for this program element all of which will be for the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation.
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
The Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) requires strong
scientific and technical support from the Office of Research and Development
(ORD) to assess and remediate health and environmental problems at the
priority sites listed under the authority of the Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), as amended-by the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA). ORD's research program
provides a core of scientific and technical information to support
implementation requirements and enforcement actions undertaken to obtain
cleanup and recover costs. Research concentrates on assessing health and
environmental risks posed by Superfund sites and on evaluating equipment,
technologies, and techniques for containing, removing, and disposing of
hazardous substances released into the environment. Most of this work is site
specific and often occurs at the site, thereby providing both support for
direct site cleanup and the research data necessary to provide the basis for
decisions and option selection for future cleanups at Superfund sites.
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RESEARCH ISSUES
The sections below describe research program issues by each fiscal year.
TECHNIQUES FOR SITE ASSESSMENT
1993 Program Request
EPA will provide techniques and procedures to allow on-site coordinators
and remedial project managers to quickly and effectively evaluate the degree
of hazards posed at specific uncontrolled waste sites. Research will develop,
evaluate, and demonstrate analytical protocols, sampling techniques, and data
interpretation approaches useful for characterizing air, surface and
groundwater, wastes, and soils at Superfund sites. These methods include air
monitoring techniques, sample preparation methods, automated data transfer
techniques, geophysical methods, and land remote sensing techniques. In
conducting this work, EPA will focus on evaluating the use of new monitoring
technologies.
EPA scientists will prepare health and environmental effects documents
for the chemicals most frequently found at Superfund sites. This technical
assistance will assist the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response (OERK),
the Enforcement office and the Regions in evaluating alternative cleanup
decisions at these sites. EPA is shifting engineering resources from this
area to support a new program to develop engineering decision aids under the
Technology Evaluation component of Superfund Research.
1992 Program
EPA is providing techniques and procedures supporting on-site
coordinators and remedial project managers at specific uncontrolled waste
sites. EPA is evaluating, demonstrating, validating, and standardizing
measurement equipment and monitoring procedures, develops and evaluate
analytical protocols, sampling techniques, and data interpretation approaches
for Superfund sites.
EPA is preparing health and environmental effects documents assisting
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response (OERR), the Enforcement office
and the Regions. EPA is providing engineering expertise to assist the
Superfund program in "Remediation Impact/Feasibility Studies" including
providing information on the cost and effectiveness of remedial action
technologies.
1991 Accomplishments
EPA produced health and environmental effects documents (HEEDs) for the
chemical element boron and its compounds, for 16 other specific organic
compounds or pesticides and 5 external review draft HEEDs for radionuclides.
Also completed were numerous reference dose determinations (RfDs), reference
concentration determinations (RfCs) and cancer potency estimates for specific
chemicals which support their inclusion in the Integrated Risk Information
System (IRIS) database. Reports were prepared on urban soil lead abatement
demonstration projects for each of three participating cities. EPA assisted
14-15
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with health and risk assessments of sites for enforcement purposes.
Researchers completed computer costing modules for remedial treatment
technologies and site assessment activity produced reports on "New Methods for
Analytes Measurable by Standard Techniques" and "The Use of Global Positioning
by System Technology "and Geographical Information Systems".
TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION
1993 Program Request
EPA will increase Biosystem/Bioremediation research for 1993 as part of
the Agencies "Technology Innovation initiative". This research has the
potential to significantly reduce the cost of site cleanup. The effort will
develop cost-effective and environmentally safe solutions to environmental
problems. This research will include development and evaluation of
biosensing and improved monitoring techniques for risk assessments, use of
biotechnology innovation to prevent pollution from industrial operations,
demonstrations of bioremediation technology in areas such as contaminated
soils, groundwater, and land spills of oil.
The development of bioconversion processes and pollution prevention
biotechnology for problem waste streams could significantly reduce the
environmental impacts of wastes being directed to land disposal produce
marketable chemicals and products for use in industrial processes.
Biotechnology innovation may also reduce pollution from industrial processes
by providing alternative feedstock for industrial operations.
The ongoing bioremediation research program in Superfund Research will •
focus on research applicable to in situ technology. Because the use of in
situ technology is very dependent on accurate site characterization data,
researchers will develop methods to provide more accurate and relevant data
and develop an understanding of site variables that are critical for the in
situ treatment of specific types of wastes.
EPA also will develop and evaluate technologies to cleanup Superfund
sites and conduct additional laboratory studies for technologies not presently
ready .for field application. EPA will redirect resources to support several
other priority research areas including: 1) developing engineering decision
aids (i.e. decision tools, procedures, support data, etc.), 2) expanding
support for technology evaluations of in situ and on site control
technologies, and 3) producing a primer for communities on the use of the
incineration option for site remediation. Other types of technology
evaluations will receive decreased emphasis including Best Demonstrated
Available Technology (BDAT) and Expert Systems.
1992 Program
EPA is developing and evaluating Superfund site cleanup technologies
which focus on extraction, degradation, detoxification, immobilization and
stabilization of contaminated material.
Research are providing completed reports and handbooks on contaminated
soils, on-site cleanup equipment, and results of combustion of SARA waste at
14-16
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the Incineration Research Facility. EPA is emphasizing bioremediation
research. Expanded research in basic microbiology and hazardous waste
chemistry is providing a greater understanding of the applicability of
microbes to wastes.
1991 Accomplishments
The focus of engineering and technology development has provided OSWER
and the Regions information on methods to treat contaminated soil at cleanup
sites. An acetic acid process for extracting lead from soil was made
available. Three incineration test burns were conducted on soils from sites
contaminated with organic metals. The results have been used in regional
feasibility studies. Evaluations of Best Demonstratable Available Treatment
methods for treating soils were completed as was a method for breaking up clay
soils. This data will be used by the program office for future policy
revision.
The environmental processes and effects research evaluated and developed
in-situ biodegradation techniques for cleanup of certain contaminated soils
and ground water. This research was closely coordinated with the engineering
evaluations of techniques to prevent the migration of hazardous substances
into ground water, and will be instrumental in determining whether
biodegradation methods are potentially cost-effective alternatives to soil
excavation, or withdrawal and treatment of contaminated ground water.
REPORTABLE QUANTITIES REGULATORY SUPPORT
1993 Program Request
EPA provides support for Superfund emergency response actions by ranking
and assigning reportable quantities to chemicals based upon either
carcinogenicity or chronic health effects information. This research provides
chemical specific data on carcinogenicity and chronic effects in order to
support establishment or adjustment of Reportable Quantities for CERCLA
hazardous substances. These include chemical-specific information for listing
hazardous wastes as CERCLA hazardous substances in association with § 3001 of
RCRA, consideration of other lists of chemicals to be CERCLA hazardous
substances, designations of new substances, and updates to previous Reportable
Quantity calculations. No major changes in emphases are proposed for this
activity in 1993.
1992 Program
EPA is providing support for Superfund emergency response actions based
upon either carcinogenicity or chronic health effects information. This work
includes preparation of chemical specific health effects documentation, and
updates to previous Reportable Quantity calculations.
1991 Accomplishments
EPA provided a total of twenty three reports in 1991 assessing chronic
toxicity and/or carcinogenicity of specific chemicals for the purpose of
determining an appropriate Reportable Quantity.
14-17
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TECHNICAL SUPPORT
1993 Program Request
EPA will provide technical .assistance for risk assessment to support
enforcement, program, and Regional office needs for both remedial planning and
cost recovery efforts. Major efforts include review of risk assessments
submitted by Regions, provision of risk assessment information through a
Technical Support Center for Health and Risk Assessment, development of
guidance materials, and offering of training courses. EPA will provide site-
specific technical support, to the Regions and States for risk assessment, site
characterization, and the selection of remedial alternatives. This support is
provided primarily through laboratory-based Technical Support Centers (TSC)
and through the Superfund Technical Response Teams (START) initiated in 1990
as a direct result of the 90-Day Superfund Management Review. Intensive long-
term operational technical assistance to selected Superfund sites will be
provided.
EPA scientists will also provide site-specific monitoring for the
Regions and the program offices. This includes soil sampling, photographic
interpretation, topographic and planimetric maps for site assessment,
oversight for settlement agreements, ground water methods, and site-specific
quality assurance and monitoring plans. EPA will provide support to Agency
and state personnel on the use of subsurface models, sampling and testing
techniques, data interpretation, assessment modeling and ecological risk
estimation, application of bioassessment protocols for performing
environmental assays of contaminated sites and samples, and on assessing
contaminated marine coastal areas and samples..
The technical support function provided by EPA is considered one of the
highest priority by the program office and will be increased for 1993.
1992 Program
EPA scientists are providing risk assessment assistance for site-
specific technical support, site characterization, and selection of remedial
alternatives. This support is provided to the enforcement program, the
program offices, the Regional offices and the States. EPA provides support
primarily through Technical Support Centers (TSC) and Superfund Technical
Response Teams (START).
Site-specific monitoring is being provided to the Regions and the
program offices. This includes aerial imagery, photographic interpretation,
topographic and planimetric maps for site assessment, ground water monitoring
and modeling methods, and site-specific quality assurance and monitoring
plans.
In the environmental processes area, EPA scientists are providing the
Regions, Enforcement office, States, and the .Environmental Response Team
assistance on ground-water sampling and analytical techniques, data
interpretation, site-specific assessment modeling including those for
ecological risk estimation, and on application of bioassessment protocols to
leachate and contaminated soil samples. Technical support on contaminated
marine coastal areas and on polluted sediment remediation is also provided.
14-18
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1991 Accomplishments
A Technical Support Center was established to handle requests for
assistance on risk assessment issues from Regional Project Managers and On-
Scene Coordinators. This included "hotline" type services for emergencies and
uncontrolled sites and review of risk assessments prepared by Regional
offices. Five risk assessment training sessions were presented at Regional,
State conference sites in 1991.
The engineering staff provided long term technical assistance at forty
five START sites. This provided early research/technology transfer at the
cleanup site during the initial remedial investigations and feasibility study
field effort. Three treatability protocols were completed and nine emergency
bulletins were prepared.
The processes and effects scientists provided technical support to the
Regions, enforcement program, States, and the Environmental Response Team on
ground-water sampling and analytical techniques, data interpretation, site-
specific assessment modeling including those for ecological risk estimation,
and on application of bioassessment protocols to leachate and contaminated
soil samples. The monitoring staff continued to provide a large number of
aerial photographic analysis reports to the regional office for use in
characterization, remediation, etc.
HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS/RISK/DETECTION RESEARCH
1993 Program Request
EPA scientists will conduct research to improve our knowledge base on
health and ecological effects, risk assessment, remediation, and detection
related to the release of hazardous substances into the environment.
Researchers will provide the scientific data needed to improve Superfund risk
assessments and to evaluate clean up options. Research in such areas as
improved evaluation techniques for non-cancer health effects, research
programs in pharmacokinetics modeling, biomarkers, understanding of complex
mixtures, and exposure assessment methodology will be conducted. Researchers
will begin the application of sperm quality measures recently developed in the
laboratory and consider the relationship between sperm quality and fertility.
They will also evaluate dermal absorption and determine absorption factors.
Scientist will conduct studies on a range of technologies in the area of
advanced field monitoring methods and adapt and develop procedures from the
laboratory to the field to accelerate site cleanup and reduce cost. EPA will
increase it efforts for development of continuous emission monitors for
organic contaminants, field screening methods focusing on new technologies,
and the evaluation of risks from air emissions.
Research will continue to evaluate the potential efficacy of "pump-and-
treat" technology used to remediate contaminated ground water and soils. As
part of the Agency's initiative in the area of groundwater protection, an
expanded groundwater research program in EPA will focus on providing the
knowledge base and technical assistance needed to meet the requirements of the
Superfund program in trying to deal with difficult groundwater cleanup
14-19
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decisions, and help implement a range of environmental programs with
groundwater protection or remediation components. The greatest need and the
focus of this expansion is to develop greater information concerning
subsurface fate and transport processes, in situ remediation processes and
technologies, and monitoring strategies in order to effectively meet Superfund
and other EPA statutory needs.
In 1993, grants will be awarded focusing on monitoring systems for use
at Superfund sites. These grants enable the university and private research
community to conduct research on innovative solutions to pressing problems.
1992 Program
EPA is conducting research to improve our knowledge base on health and
ecological effects, risk assessment, remediation, and detection related to the
release of hazardous substances into the environment. This includes research
to improve evaluation techniques for non-cancer health effects
pharmacokinetics modeling, biomarkers, complex mixtures, and improve multiple
or complex exposure methods. Researchers are studying ways to assess residual
hazards of various cleanup options.
EPA scientists are conducting field sampling quality assurance research
to improve the precision and accuracy of data collection methods used for all
media at Superfund sites, especially in the area of advanced field monitoring
methods including field portable x-ray technology for metals detection. Fiber
optic technology for in-situ groundwater monitoring, immunoassay methods for
organic detection, field portable gas chromatography for volatile organic
monitoring, and canister-based air samplers for detection of volatile organic
is being evaluated.
Research is evaluating the potential efficacy of "pump-and-treat"
technology used to remediate contaminated ground water and soils. When
completed the results from this work will lead to an improved understanding of
site characterization methods and of the processes controlling contaminant
transport and mobilization in the subsurface. EPA is also developing and
evaluating ecological effects assessment methodologies to identify aquatic,
terrestrial, and marine effects at Superfund sites.
In 1992, EPA is awarding approximately six new exploratory research
grants to study the efficacy of various pump and treat technologies and to
conduct intensive review of heavy metals removal processes.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991 the health and ecological assessment staff developed and
released "Version 1.0 of RISK ASSISTANT", a personal computer expert system
guiding users through the process of assessing risks. A report was completed
offering Interim Guidance on Dermal Exposure Assessment.
In line with developing rapid field screening methods a portable, device
was developed to screen halogenated aromatic compounds. In addition,
immunoassay indicators were developed which permit real-time, easy to use
monitoring devices. Standards on determining the water content in soil were
accepted by the American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) and have become
14-20
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standard methods for the industry. The Office of Health Research scientists
determined that some effects of exposure to a styrene-trichloroethylene
mixture are additive and that trichloroethylene-carbon tetrachloride mixtures
increase renal and hepatic toxicity.
The environmental processes and effects researchers developed procedures
for evaluating the ecological hazards and risks associated with hazardous
waste sites and their remedial operations, subsurface processes and
characterization information was acquired to allow development of a decision-
making framework for evaluating the appropriateness and potential efficacy of
remediation technologies such as pump-and-treat and various
physical/chemical/biological methods.
The exploratory grants program funded nine grants in the area of
processes for the removal of heavy metals from Superfund sites.
SMALL BUSINESS INNOVATION RESEARCH
1993 Program Request
As mandated by Public Law 97-219, the Small Business Innovation Research
Program (SBIR) will receive 1.25 percent of the Agency's extramural research
appropriation to support small businesses engaged in the development of
equipment for pollution abatement and control and process instrumentation.
Under this program, the Agency can take advantage of unique solutions to
Superfund remediation issues that may be offered by the private sector.
1992 Program
As mandated by Public Law 97-219, the Small Business Innovation Research
Program (SBIR) will receive 1.25 percent of the Agency's extramural research
appropriation to support small businesses engaged in the development of
equipment for pollution abatement and control and process instrumentation.
1991 Accomplishments
Approximately sixty small business innovative proposals were received
during 1992. Ten were funded. The focus of the successful proposals were
bioremediation, treatment of volatile organic compounds, and techniques for
washing soils. One of the major successes of this program in 1991 was the
development of a processes for treating mercury contaminated groundwater using
a biological absorption process.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
1993 Program Request
EPA will provide quality assurance support to the Contract Laboratory
Program to ensure that data of known and documented quality are used in the
Superfund program. EPA will audit the analytical data generated by the
laboratories to assess laboratory performance. It will also perform pre-award
and post-award on-site 'contract laboratory inspections to complement the
14-21
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performance evaluations. The emphasis and priority for this activity are same-
as for 1992.
1992 Program
EPA is providing quality assurance support to the Contract Laboratory
Program to ensure data of known and documented quality. It is preparing
quality assurance reference materials, and makes and distributes quality
control samples and performance evaluation samples for analysis by contract
laboratories. EPA also is auditing laboratory performance and develops
procedures to analyze these data.
1991 Accomplishments
To insure the QA/QC of the contract laboratory program a variety of
products were developed during 1991. These include improved audit methods,
development of programs to check data provided the contract program,
evaluation of analytical methods, and method improvement. The monitoring
staff developed reports and products to improve methods and provide
information on the best analytical techniques, such as, comparison studies of
different types of devices for solid phase extraction.
SUPERFUND INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION
1993 Program Request
EPA evaluates new and promising treatment technologies under the
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program to encourage the
commercialization of innovative and alternative treatment and monitoring
technologies. The goal is to provide environmental decision-makers with new,
viable treatment options that may have performance or cost advantages compared
to traditional treatment technologies. SITE includes a monitoring component,
a field demonstration and evaluation component, a emerging technology
component that cost shares development of promising technological ideas from
the concept stage to pilot scale demonstration, and a technology transfer
component which consists of project evaluation reports and the SITE
clearinghouse. In 1993, EPA will shift the focus of the innovative treatment
technology demonstration from single process or single site evaluations to
integrated demonstrations with emphasis on multi-process treatments/controls.
EPA will demonstrate and evaluate innovative monitoring technologies in
a cooperative program with the private sector to determine the applicability
of the technology for Superfund site assessment and pollutant
characterization. EPA will select technologies to be investigated from
promising candidates currently being researched and/or developed in the
private sector and by EPA. SITE monitoring demonstrations will focus on new
technologies such as fiber optics technology and electro-chemical sensor
technologies to detect chemical compounds. These demonstrations are
undertaken on site at actual Superfund cleanup sites.
1992 Program
EPA evaluates new and promising measurement and treatment technologies
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under the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program. The goal
is to provide environmental decision-makers with new, viable treatment options
having performance or cost advantages. Four projects have been selected for
evaluation in 1992. They are: thermal desorption for PCB's, steam injection/
vacuum extraction for VOC's, chemical leaching, microfiltration for acid mine
drainage, and chemical oxidation for landfill leachates.
1991 Accomplishments
Under the Superfund innovative technology evaluation program (SITE),
three reports covering the demonstration and evaluation of the Bunker Mobile
Mass Spectrometer were produced. Reports transferred information on work such
as long-path Fourier transform infrared measurements of volatile organic
compounds in industrial settings, use of a Fourier transform spectrometer as a
remote sensor, and sector sampling for VOCs during remediation.
The research program completed and made available the third addition of
technology profiles. This document provides valuable information at Superfund
cleanup sites for decision makers faced with selecting the correct cleanup
options.
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
1993 Program Request
EPA will provide technology transfer and training assistance on issues
relevant to the Superfund cleanup program for the Program office, EPA Regions.
and States. EPA will respond to the technology transfer needs of the
Superfund program in 1993 by focusing on three task areas: (1) workshops on
bioremediation of hazardous waste sites; (2) in situ treatment technologies;
and (3) reuse of recoverable products. EPA will also provide support to the
Superfund program in the development of regulations and policies and with on-
site consultations and technical support activities in the Regions such as
that provided by the Superfund Technical Liaison Program.
1992 Program
EPA is providing technology transfer and training assistance on issues
relevant to the Superfund cleanup program for the program office, EPA Regions,
and States. EPA responds to the technology transfer needs of the Superfund
program by producing handbooks and conducting workshops on priority technical
matters. EPA also provides support to the Superfund program in the
development of regulations and policies and with on-site consultations and
technical support activities in the Regions.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991 EPA began development of a technology transfer manual addressing
control of air toxics from Superfund sites, and developed the agenda and
selected the speakers for a technology transfer seminar series addressing
treatability protocols in the selection of treatment technologies at hazardous
waste sites.
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UNIVERSITY RESEARCH CENTERS
1993 Program Request
EPA will support Hazardous Substance Research Centers. The Centers
conduct important research and serve as a valuable resource for Regional/State
access to technical experts. The Centers will conduct both fundamental and
applied research, technology transfer, and training related to the
manufacture, use, minimization, transportation, disposal, and management of
hazardous substances.
1992 Program
EPA supports five Hazardous Substance Research Centers. The Centers
serve as a valuable resource for Regional/State access to technical experts.
In 1992 the competitive Hazardous Substance Research Centers are being
evaluated to determine their eligibility for continued funding for the next
five year period.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991 the centers program made major scientific advances. These
included expansion of .our knowledge of chlorinated solvents, the most common
chemical at contaminated sites, the successful demonstration of in-situ
biodegradation of chlorinated aliphatic compounds by methanotrophic bacteria
which led the way for the design of a full scale pilot test of the technology,
The Universities Centers program also sponsored conferences on bioremediation,
technology transfer and training.
SPECIAL RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
1993 Program Request
EPA will continue to provide support to the University of Texas, El Paso
to assist in the development of hispanic and Native Americans scientists,
engineers, and students in emerging environmental Superfund research.
1992 Program
EPA is providing support to the University of Texas El Paso to enhance
the participation of minority scientists, engineers, and students in
environmental Superfund research areas.
Congressional Directives:
A total of $7,500,000 is for Congressionally directed projects at the
Clark Atlanta University Center ($2,500,000), the Gulf Coast Hazardous
Substance Research Center ($2,500,000), and research on low temperature plasma
arc technology ($2,500,000).
1991 Accomplishments
Funding for special research activities were completed late in 1991.
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htuardous Substance
Response Actions
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
SUPERFUND
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE
Hazardous Substance Response 14-25
Hazardous Spill and Site Response 14-25
Hazardous Substance Response - Support 14-37
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Water 14-38
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Air and Radiation . . 14-41
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency 14-43
Department of Health and Human Services 14-45
Department of Justice 14-47
United States Coast Guard 14-48
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 14-49
Department of the Interior 14-50
Federal Emergency Management Agency 14-51
Occupational Safety and Health Administration 14-52
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE
1992 1992
REQUEST INCREASE +
1993 DECREASE -
1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Spill & Site
Response
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
1121,858.0 1262,172.0 1111,448.8 1109,563.1 1272,451.9 162,888.8
TOTAL 1121,858.0 1262,172.0 1111,448.8 1109,563.1 1272,451.9 162,888.8
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
1121,858.0 1262,172.0 1111,448.8 1109,563.1 1272,451.9 162.888.8
Hazardous Substance TOTAL 1121,858.0 1262,172.0 1111,448.8 1109,563.1 1272,451.9 162,888.8
Response
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Spill & Site
Response
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
1,263.3 1,283.5 1,283.5 1,225.1 1,280.6 55.5
1,263.3 1,283.5 1,283.5 1,225.1 1,280.6
55.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Spill & Site
Response
TOTAL WORKYEARS
1,320.5 1,283.5 1,283.5 1,278.5 1,280.6 2.1
1,320.5 1,283.5 1,283.5 1,278.5 1,280.6 2.1
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Environmental Protection Agency
The 1993 Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,272,451,900 for Hazardous Substance
Response. Of these resources, $80,622,700 will be for administrative expenses
to support 1,280.7 total workyears. This resource level represents an increase
of $162,888,800 from 1992. Within the total for Response activities, the request
places additional emphasis on actual site cleanup. The request for site cleanup
activities in 1993 is $896,000.000, an increase of $153,672,000 over 1992.
The Superfund Response Program can be classified into two main
categories: Cleanup and Support. Cleanup is any on-site response action taken
to assess, reduce, or remove an immediate or long-term threat to human health or
the environment as quickly, safely, and correctly as possible within the bounds
of all applicable laws. Activities include remedial investigation/feasibility
studies (RI/FS), remedial design/remedial action (RD/RA), removal actions, and
other direct site related activities. Support, $376,353,400 is comprised of all
other activities, including pre-remedial program, policy and guidance
development, program evaluation, information management, contract management,
response management, remedial support, and removal support. Also within support!
are salaries to support the direct site cleanup workforce ($34,144,900) and the
site assessment workforce ($11,789,300), and remaining Response workforce
($34,688,100).
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS)
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $60,000,000 for this program from the
Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This represents an increase of
$8,000,000 from 1992 levels. All of these resources support direct site cleanup
activities. In accordance with the Agency's objective to conduct response
actions at the most threatening sites first and to expedite the response process,
the program will conduct RI/FS at 21 new and 16 subsequent Fund-lead sites. The
Regions will prioritize their new RI/FS starts to ensure that sites entering the
RI/FS process will address the worst problems at the worst sites first.
The program will bring innovative technology and experience to bear on
the remedy selection process. In addition, the program will conduct an analysis
of Record of Decisions (ROD) issued in 1992 to assess improvements to the remedy
selection process and consistency of the final remedy determination comprising
the ROD.
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1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $52,000,000 for RI/FS from the
Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. The Agency plans to initiate new
Fund-financed RI/FS at 22 NPL sites and start 15 subsequent RI/FS. Workyear
allocations for the RI/FS program will support: increased interaction with the
private sector; enhanced supervision of direct site activities; and increased
oversight of Superfund contractors.
The RI/FS program is also building upon the National Contingency Plan
(NCP), the initiatives of the Superfund Management Review (SMR), and the 1991 30
Day Study. Guidance is being developed to streamline the operation of the
Superfund program. This will be accomplished by standardizing the remedial
planning process as far as possible given the variety of site conditions.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $56,432,800 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for the RI/FS program. In the third and final
year of the strategy to fully fund all RI/FS, the Agency initiated new Fund-
financed RI/FS at 7 projects and started subsequent RI/FS at 15 projects. During
1991, 83 Fund-financed RODs were signed at NPL sites.
As a result of the Superfund Management Review (SMR) recommendations the
Agency developed a prototype RI/FS and a remedy cost estimation model defined as
the Superfund Cost Estimating Expert System. Furthermore, EPA improved
consistency in remedy selection, and encouraged the use of innovative
technologies.
Remedial Design (RD)/Remedial Action (RA)
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $674,200,000 for direct site work in the RD
and RA stages of the Remedial Program for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation, including an estimated $585,200,000 for remedial actions. All of
these resources support direct site cleanup work. This level of resources is
$124,672,000 above FY 1992 levels and will support 33 new and 14 subsequent Fund-
financed RDs and 14 new and 16 subsequent Fund-financed RAs. Of the total amount
requested, $40,300,000 is included for oversight of PRPs at 66 new and 32
subsequent RDs and 60 new and 28 subsequent RAs.
In 1993, the Agency will continue pursuing its goal of increasing
Potentially Responsible Party (PRP) participation in conducting Superfund
cleanup. This will be achieved through effective use of negotiated settlements
and unilateral administrative orders; however, the Superfund Trust Fund will
promptly assume responsibility for all projects where PRP response is not
achieved.
In 1993, Superfund's highest priorities are to ensure that the cleanup
phase of the remedial process is completed and to initiate quick response actions'
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to reach the Agency's goal of more than tripling the number of site completions.
The Agency relies on Alternative Remedial Contract Strategy (ARCS)
contracts to carry out remedial response activities at NPL sites. The U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers (USAGE) and the Bureau of Reclamation (BUREC) contribute to
the direct cleanup process of Superfund sites. USAGE and BUREC implement most
high-cost Fund-financed remedial actions, provide on-site technical expertise,
and ensure that project management is consistent between Fund and PRP financed
projects.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $548,028,000 for RD/RA
activities from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. Fund-financed
RDs are scheduled to take place at 50 remedial projects (32 new and 18
subsequent). PRPs are financing the design at 83 of these projects (54 new and
29 subsequent). The program plans to start 27 Fund-financed RAs (10 new and 17
subsequent) while PRPs are expected to conduct 76 of these actions (44 new and
32 subsequent). The Agency also performs long-term activities at these sites,
after the RA is completed, to ensure that the hazardous condition(s) has been
effectively remedied.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $526,233,600 for RD/RA activities
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. At the end of 1991,
remedial cleanup activities were underway at 94 percent of the sites on the NPL.
Designs took place at 48 Fund-financed remedial projects (21 new and 27
subsequent) and PRPs financed the design at 113 projects (78 new and 35
subsequent). The program started remedial actions at 104 projects; PRPs
conducted 65 of these actions (42 new and 23 subsequent) while 39 (20 new and 19
subsequent) were Fund-financed. As of September 30, 1991, construction
activities were underway at a total of 353 sites. For 183 sites, designs were
in progress and RI/FS activities had been initiated at another 436. Of the
remaining 210 sites on the NPL, 140 have a remedy selected or have already had
a removal action conducted. Only six percent of the NPL sites were awaiting
evaluation at the end of 1991.
Removal Pr"gr,a,B
1993 Progrfln Request
The Agency requests $129,300,000 for the removal program from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation, an increase of $12,000,000 from 1992 levels.
All of these resources support direct cleanup activities conducted at hazardous
sites. Resources will support the Environmental Response Team's (ERT) expanded
direct on-site technical advice and intensified training to cleanup personnel.
Resources will be used to perform direct site cleanup at approximately 25 classic
removals and time-critical emergencies at NPL sites and 165 removals at non-NPL
sites. Top priority is given to classic emergencies involving incidents where
response is generally necessary within a matter of hours (e.g., threats of fire
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or explosion), time-critical removals at sites on the NPL to make these sites
safe from immediate threats while they await remedial action, and time-critical
removals at hon-NPL sites posing m'ajor health and environmental threats, which
cannot be addressed by other authorities.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating $117,300,000 for the removal program from the
Hazardous Substance Superfur.i appropriation. This level of resources support 168
total removal actions and the work of the ERT at removal sites. The Agency
continues to use the expanded removal authorities for emergency actions. The
removal program will remain stable as it continues to address NPL sites where
significant threats exist.
The Agency continues to implement management initiatives begun in 1989 to
improve the recruitment, preparation, and execution of On-Scene Coordinators
(OSC) in order to enhance the effectiveness of the Superfund Program. This
effort involves many components, combined under the title "OSC/Regional Project
Manager (RPM) Support Program." The program includes full implementation of all
components: career tracks and grades; the OSC/RPM Basic Training Academy;
mentoring; continuing education; Superfund University Training Institutes; the
Structured Training and Evaluation Program; site/incident characterization;
awards; professional organizations; workforce planning; and rotations.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $132,197,800 for removal actions
and ERT technical assistance from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. These resources were used to initiate a total of 243 removal
actions of which 38 were initiated at NPL sites. Of these total Removal starts,
almost 24 percent were conducted in emergency situations; the rest were of a
time-critical nature.
Since the enactment of SARA and through the end of 1991, the Agency has
taken 2,006 Fund-financed Removal actions. Of these actions, almost 19 percent
were conducted in response to emergency situations. Of the remaining actions
about 80 percent of the actions were classified as time critical removals,
leaving less than one percent classified as non-time critical. Of the 1,245
sites on the NPL, 520 have been partially or completely addressed by a removal
action. These efforts enabled the Agency to take immediate action to protect
public health and the environment. In addition to responding to emergencies,
removals were performed where an immediate response was not necessary, but some
early response served to protect public health or the environment.
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Site Assessment Program
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $141,951,500 the site assessment program.
The program's main priority is to reduce near-term risk to public health and the
environment. Uncontrolled releases at hazardous waste sites will be identified
by the program in a timely manner through preliminary assessments (PA) and site
inspections (SI). These resources support sample analysis for PAs and Sis,
sample and management activities associated with the Contract Lab Program (of
which $23,500,000 supports direct site activities) and Environmental Services
Divisions (ESD), the Agency's Superfund oversight responsibilities, on-site state
site assessment activities, and Alternative Remedial Contracting Strategy (ARCS)
contractor's work in assessing potential Superfund sites. The program focus will
be on high risk/volume sites. Based on information from the SI, the Agency
scores a site by applying the revised Hazard Ranking System (HRS) to determine
whether the site is eligible for the National Priorities. List (NPL).
The program plans to list 90 CERCLA and 10 Federal facility sites on the
NPL, resulting in a steady flow of projects into the remedial pipeline.
1992 Program
In 1992. the Agency is allocating a total of $120,736,000 from the
Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation for the Site Assessment program. The
Agency is eliminating the SI backlog while stressing its commitment to completing
response activities according to the "worst sites first" strategy. The program
is conducting 1,575 PAs and 1,867 Sis. Of these actions, 645 PAs are being
performed at RCRA sites. . • .
In 1992, the site assessment program continues its responsibilities for
sample analysis and data review for all phases of the site assessment, remedial,
and removal Programs. The quality assurance (QA) program provides support to the
CLP, which is responsible for most contract chemical analyses under the Superfund
program.
The program has placed a high priority on providing training programs to
the site assessment staff, state and Tribal personnel, and appropriate contrac-
tors; conducting PAs at all sites within one year of listing in CERCLIS, perform-
ing Sis at all sites recommended for further evaluation based on their relative
potential environmental impact, implementing listing site inspections at che
highest priority sites (those most likely to score above the revised HRS cutoff);
evaluating the Multi-Site Cooperative Agreements (e.g., contracts with states
and/or Indian Tribes to develop the capacity to perform response activities) , and
encouraging state and Indian Tribe participation in the development of Site
assessment guidance.
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1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $121,622,300 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for the Site assessment program. A total of
34,618 sites were listed in CERCLIS at the end of 1991. EPA completed 1,543 PAs
during 1991; only 6.5 percent of CERCLIS sites still required PAs at the end of
1991. Of the total PAs conducted, 39 percent require no further action. The
Agency completed 2,055 Sis during 1991. As of September 30, 1991, there were 22
proposed sites and 1,185 final NPL sites, bringing the total proposed and final
NPL sites to 1,207. By the end of 1991, the Agency deleted 38 sites from the
NPL.
The Agency continued to focus special attention on improving federal
facility compliance with CERCLA requirements. Federal facility sites make up 4
percent of sites in CERCLIS.
Response Management
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $43,943,800 for the Response Management
Program from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. The majority of
these resources support preparedness, budget analysis and formulation, strategic
planning, technical training, policy and program evaluation, management
information system maintenance and development, financial accounting and
tracking, and administrative services. In 1993, the Response Management program
will focus on training and public outreach, prepare for international and
domestic emergencies, and improve Superfund program management.
The OSC/RPM Support Program will ensure that new Superfund personnel
receive appropriate training in a timely manner. The program will expand upon
this training requirement to ensure that information on remedy selection and
innovative technology is effectively communicated to new personnel.
The Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention (CEPP) Office, whose
goal is to prevent and prepare for chemical accidents, will consult with members
here and abroad, in the public and private sectors, to build a national consensus
on prevention of accidents. This effort will include sharing strategies on
inspection methodologies, hazard assessment techniques, and communication tools.
The program will work to coordinate response to major pollution incidents on a
national level.
The Agency will work to promote innovative treatment technology at CERCLA
sites. The Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation Program (SITE) will be
fully operational in 1993. The purpose of the program is to assess new
technologies for the treatment of hazardous waste in order to develop permanent
technologies. The SITE demonstration program sponsors pilot and full scale
treatability studies at Superfund sites. The participating developers mobilize
and operate their equipment during the test period. EPA develops the test plan,
provides for site preparation, funds sampling and analysis, and prepares the
documentation.
The Response Program will carry out corrective activity for identified
weaknesses in its management of the Superfund program. Specifically, the Agency
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will implement the long-term contracting strategy for the Superfund program./
This strategy identifies the long-term contracting needs of the program and*
designs a portfolio of Superfund contracts to meet those needs over the next ten
years. During 1993, implementation of the strategy will involve the phase-in of
new contracts. In 1993, the Agency will continue efforts already begun to
strengthen controls of ARCS contract management and to reduce the potential for
fraud in the Contract Lab Program.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating $45,657,300 of the Hazardous Substance
Superfund Appropriation. These resources support the management of information
systems, emergency preparedness activities, budget formulation and execution,
training, and program management activities.
Through CERCLIS and the associated Local Area Network (WasteLAN), the
program provides quarterly information to managers and staff. A series of
standardized reports and direct query capability provide up-to-date and thorough
site planning information. A major component of this data base is information
from the Superfund Comprehensive Accomplishments Plan (SCAP) which provides
oversight of remedial and removal activities. The SCAP is the central mechanism
for planning, tracking and evaluating Superfund Program activities on a quarterly
basis. In 1992, environmental indicators data will be tracked in CERCLIS and
included in quarterly reports. Pilot studies for new indicators will continue
and studies will be conducted to determine populations affected within various
distances of Superfund sites.
The program continues to direct its efforts toward building public
confidence in the Superfund program. Many of these activities focus on how
targets are set and performance is measured. The integrated timeline is used for
establishing performance expectations and implementing the "Enforcement-first"
concept.
The Response Management program continues to ensure that the training and
transfer of technology from the Office of Research and Development (ORD), other
Federal agencies, and the private sector is available to OSCs, RPMs, the state
employees, and Superfund contractors. Activities undertaken to ensure the
transfer of information and technologies include: using aerial imagery and
photography for site identification and assessment; providing chemical-specific
fate/transport data for a specific medium exposed by the receptors; providing
active site-specific support in the removal and remedial action process of
technology selection; and providing advice and guidance on the use and
limitations of mathematical models, including uncertainty analysis. In addition,
the SITE program continues to accelerate the development, demonstration, and use
of innovative treatment technologies. The emerging technologies component of the
program is receiving the greatest emphasis during 1992. This aspect focuses on
bench scale evaluation, identification of promising projects, and efforts to
prepare selected technologies for evaluation in the demonstration phase.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $47,639,700 for the Response
Management Program from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. These
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resources supported the management of information systems, emergency preparedness
activities, budget formulation and execution, training, and program management
activities.
The program implemented three major initiatives to better measure program
success and publicize its progress to the public. The Agency's accountability
system, "Strategic Targeted Activities for Results," (STARS) places emphasis on
tracking selected, results-oriented, activities wherever possible. The NPL Book.
another public communication tool, summarizes the nature of environmental
problems at sites on the NPL and Superfund's actions in cleaning up these sites.
The NPL Book is designed to help citizens understand the big picture on hazardous
waste cleanup, environmental progress across the country, and the cleanup accom-
plishments in their own communities. During 1991, the program's management
systems implemented the Environmental Indicators project to better support the
Agency's strategic planning process.
The Superfund Innovative Technology (SITE) Demonstration Program is an
example of the program's efforts to assess the quality of environmental benefits.
The program was fully operational in 1991. In addition to promoting the use of
innovative treatment technologies, the program conducted full-scale evaluations
of technologies at Superfund sites under joint EPA and private developer funding.
Information on the evaluation of SITE technologies was available to OSCs, RPMs,
and state employees through project reports, brochures, seminars, and
conferences, and through the SITE clearinghouse.
Remedial Support
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $84,831,000 for the Remedial Support program
for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. The project management and
contractor/PRP oversight conducted by the USAGE and BUREC are part of the
program's direct site work ($9,000,000). The majority of these resources support
technical assistance for remedial projects, aerial surveys, topographical
mapping, hydrological and geological studies, guidance development and
implementation, and grants to Indians, states, and local groups.
In 1993, the Agency will implement management initiatives related to the
Remedial Support program. These initiatives include implementing improvements
to expedite the remedial design and construction process, expanding support to
Regional contracting programs, establishing contracting cost controls, ensuring
adequate administrative support for RPMs, and .providing necessary training for
RPMs. The Agency will continue to implement management initiatives begun during
1989 to improve the recruitment, preparation, and retention of RPMs. In
addition, the program will intensify its efforts to identify and implement long-
term solutions that significantly reduce the level of risk at Superfund sites.
The Remedial Support program will improve the remedy selection process by:
developing and implementing policy and procedures for conducting five year
reviews at sites after the cleanup process has been completed pursuant to SARA;
supporting ORD in developing technology specific treatability study guides; and
assessing soils to ground water pathway models to support the selection of soil
remediation levels; and conducting evaluation of remediation projects using
treatment technologies to assess overall performance.
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In 1993, the Remedial Support program will also work toward another SMR
goal which is to increase the participation of others in the Superfund process.
The program will manage Core Program Cooperative Agreements, encourage the
merging of Fund and enforcement efforts at the state level, and assist states and
Indian tribes to develop multi-year workplans and strategies for addressing
hazardous wastes at Superfund sites.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $71,457,000 for this program
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund Appropriation. The Agency is proceeding
with the implementation of several management initiatives related to the Remedial
program. Resources are being used to insure that states provide assurance,
through the Capacity Assurance Plan process, that sufficient hazardous waste
capacity would exist to manage wastes generated in the state during the next 20
years. The program also continues to encourage states to enter into Cooperative
Agreements, State Memorandum of Agreements, or other management assistance
agreements where the state expects to play a significant role. The Agency also
promotes the maximum involvement of Indian Tribes in planning and implementing
all response activities. In addition, the Agency is increasing its efforts to
improve public confidence and initiate dialogue with national interest groups and
local community groups.
In 1992, the Agency will also continue to provide grants to local interest
groups through the Technical Assistance Grants (TAG) Program, administer Core
Grants to the states, and monitor the projects for remedial construction. The
Remedial Support program continues to perform treatability studies which are an
important part of the RI/FS and RD ensuring that adequate data exist co
effectively evaluate each technology prior to design.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated $82,131,300 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund Appropriation for the remedial support program. The Agency instituted
several changes to the TAG program in an effort to generate greater public
participation. These changes include the 35 percent citizen match of TAG project
costs was reduced to 20 percent, the 15 percent cap on administrative costs was
eliminated, the Superfund TAG Handbook was updated, the procurement procedures
were streamlined, and the $50,000 waiver criteria were issued. EPA awarded 26
new core program cooperative agreements, for a total of 45 core grants in place
as of September 30, 1991.
In 1991, Che Remedial Support program continued to reassess and evaluate
program improvements and management initiatives. Some of these initiatives
included improvements in the process for conducting RI/FS and evaluate design and
construction performance, implementation of appropriate improvements expanding
Regional contract support capacity, enhancement of contract cost controls, and
the provision of adequate training and administrative support for RPMs. The
program encouraged a balanced approach to site work, and advocated that both PRPs
and states assume responsibility for remedial activities.
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Removal Support
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $57,602;900 for the removal support program
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund Appropriation. The majority of these
resources are used to manage removal contracts which provide on-site technical
assistance (e.g., release notifications, site investigations, and on-scene
response monitoring) through the Technical Assistance Team (TAT) contract. The
Agency will continue to receive and screen hazardous substance release
notifications to determine what, if any, response is required.
These resources will provide policy direction and technical support for1 removal
activities, including the review of $2 million waiver requests and the expanded
Continuing Release Regulations for release investigations at removal sites. In
1993, EPA will receive 11,000 release notifications, conduct 635 spill
investigations, and provide on-scene monitoring at 135 sites. These resources
will be also used to improve the efficiency of the Emergency Response Cleanup
Services (ERCS) contracts by decentralizing their management to the Regions. The
Agency estimates that in 1993, an estimated total of 18 ERCS contracts will be
active.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating $57,419,000 for the Removal Support
Program from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. These resources
support the 1991 level of release notifications, release investigations, and on-
scene monitoring of hazardous substances responses. The Agency will award 6 new
ERCS contracts in 1992, and 5 existing contracts will .terminate. There will be
a total of 18 active ERCS contracts 1992. In addition, the regulatory and
guidance framework are being completed for the removal Program, including the use
of revised removal authorities and promulgation of final regulations on the
notification, reportable quantities (RQ) , and designation of additional hazardous
substances. The program will establish RQ levels for extremely hazardous
substances, publish technical updates for some of the RQs that have been
promulgated, and implement the rules currently being developed.
In the vast majority of cases, the PRP or state or local government will
take the lead in addressing the problem. In situations where more than one state
is involved or where there is an unusually complex problem, the Federal
government coordinates and funds the response. EPA and the U.S. Coast Guard will
maintain an emergency response capability, including EPA's ERT, comprised of
Agency employees with special engineering and scientific expertise. This inter-
agency relationship will improve the Agency's ability to provide timely
engineering and scientific advice to Federal,.. state, and local officials during
hazardous substance .response actions, resulting in reliable and cost-effective
solutions to existing and potential environmental threats.
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1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, Che Agency obligated $50,826,000 for the Removal Support Program1
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. These resources were used
to manage an estimated 10,600 release notifications, 740 release investigations,
and on-scene monitoring of hazardous substances at 200 sites. The program
implemented the SMR recommendation to make NPL sites safe, accelerate responses
at NPL sites, and conduct removal assessments at all NPL sites. This program
provided administrative support personnel and training to assist OSCs in managing
removal actions. The Agency managed 20 ERGS contracts during 1991.
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3UPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response • Support
ACTUAL
1991
PRES.
BUDGET
1992
ENACTED
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
REQUEST
1993
INCREASE *
DECREASE •
1993 VS 1992
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Response - OU
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Response • OAR
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
51,655.2 $1,952.0 $3,888.9 $3,972.9 $1,952.0 -$2,020.9
TOTAL $1,655.2 $1,952.0 $3,888.9 $3,972.9 $1,952.0 -$2,020.9
$2,761.7 $3,065.0 $3,029.9 $3,024.2 $3,065.0 $60.8
TOTAL $2,761.7 $3,065.0 $3,029.9 $3,024.2 $3,065.0 $40.8
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
$4,416.9 $5,017.0 $6,918.8 $6,997.1 $5,017.0 -$1,980.1
Hazardous Substance TOTAL $4,^:6.9 $5,017.0 $6,918.8 $6,997.1 $5,017.0 -$1,980.1
Response - Support
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance
Response • OU
Hazardous Substance
Response - OAR
20.1 24.0 24.0 ' 23.4 24.0
19.7 20.5 20.5 19.6 20.5
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS
39.8 44.5 44.5 43.0 44.5
1.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance
Response • OU
Hazardous Substance
Response • OAR
TOTAL WORKYEARS
20.5
20.7
41.2
24.0
20.5
44.5
24.0
20.5
44.5
24.0
20.5
44.5
24.0
20.5
44.5
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Superfund
Hazardous Substance Response - Support
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE - OFFICE OF WATER
1993 Program Request
In 1993, the Agency requests a total of $1,952,000 supported by 24.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Response appropriation. This represents no change from 1992 request, and it does
not include $2,000,000 in 1992 Congressionally directed projects.
The Agency will continue development of effluent guidelines and standards
for the Centralized Waste Treatment (CWT) industry. Further, EPA laboratories
will continue to develop and improve sediment assessment techniques, develop
sediment criteria and provide site-specific technical assistance to Superfund
sites with contaminated sediment problems.
The Agency will implement a range of Regional support and consultation
activities as Federal response programs increasingly emphasize protecting
drinking water supplies. Most of the workload will involve sites that pose a
threat to public water supplies or their sources. Regions will assist in the
process of characterizing the relative health risk and the urgency for remedial
alternatives (site treatment vs. alternative supplies vs. enhancing existing
systems) and will ensure proper liaison with state health departments. The!
Regions, together with the states, will evaluate the effectiveness of drinking
water remedial actions and provide oversight of drinking water regulations to
ensure that all requirements are met under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDVA).
The Regions will continue to analyze disposal alternatives for
Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)
waste that will protect human health and the environment. Regions also will
continue to assist in coordinating requirements for controlling discharges of
toxic pollutants and hazardous wastes to Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs)
or surface waters through water quality based and technology based limits, as
well as sludge use/disposal requirements for non-traditional activities. The
Regions will assist in development of discharge limits and assess compliance
where Superfund facilities discharge to surface waters. Regions also will
continue to provide case-by-case input for Superfund remedial actions.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,972,900 supported by 24.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Response appropriation.
The Agency is continuing with the development of effluent guidelines and
standards for the CWT industry, which accepts liquid wastes from waste generators
and leachate from Superfund sites and other landfills. Sampling and technology
reports for use by POTW authorities and permit writers are being published prior
to proposal of the CWT regulations in 1994.
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The Agency plans to publish draft sediment criteria protective of aquatic
life in the Federal Register in 1992. Also in 1992, a methodology for deriving
metal sediment criteria will be'proposed for criteria development. EPA Regional
laboratories will continue to provide site-specific technical assistance to
Superfund sites with contaminated sediment problems, including data analyses,
sample analysis and sediment toxicity testing.
Regions are providing case-by-case review of Superfund sites on the
National Priority List (NPL) to ensure that applicable, relevent and appropriate
drinking water standards are applied. If no standards are available, Regional
staff base their analysis on toxicological data. Regions.are also participating
in the review of Remedial Investigations (RIs), Feasibility Studies (FSs) and the
documentation of final clean up decisions in the Records of Decision (ROD) for
CERCLA remedial actions where public water supplies or drinking water
contamination are involved. Through these activities, selection and
documentation of the appropriate response actions for contaminated water supplies
are achieved, including the need to provide alternate water supplies.
Congressional Directives. A total of $2,000,000 is for the Congressionally
directed projects, Human Health Study of the Impacts of Contaminated Fish.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $1,655,200 supported by 20.5
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Response appropriation.
The Agency sampled additional Superfund sites and continued to analyze
samples of untreated wastewaters, pretreated wastewaters and pretreatment system
sludges and additional sites were sampled on an extended basis. Data from the
samples supplemented existing data to characterize untreated Superfund site
wastewaters, the performance of on-site pretreatment systems and the fate of
pollutants in publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) receiving these wastewaters.
In conjunction with ORD, the program continued to update, refine and test
the PC-based treatability model used by CERCLA site Regional Program Managers,
POTW operators and pretreatment program personnel to predict the fate of
pollutants in POTWs. This new data was published in an updated guidance manual
which also addresses Superfund site discharges directly to surface waters.
Regions continued to analyze the need for new or revised local limits at
those facilities identified as receiving CERCLA wastewaters. Regions also
continued to review remedial action alternatives to ensure that appropriate
technology and water quality considerations have been addressed.
Regions continued to provide case-by-case review of Superfund sites on the
NPL-to ensure that applicable, relevant and appropriate drinking water standards
are applied. If no standards were available regional staff were provided
toxicological data for site-specific analysis.
EPA provided recommendations that consider both the technical and cost
effectiveness of water supply treatment or the need to provide an alternate
supply. Regions were involved through the remedial process for sites with a
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contaminated .supply. This involvement included reviewing RIs to examine daca tcM
characterize the releases; reviewing FSs to analyze clean-up alternatives; and'
documenting final clean-up decisions in the.ROD. For each sice, this is a multi-
year process.
The Agency also continued to develop effluent guidelines and sediment
criteria for metals and certain organic chemical pollutants, focusing on
bioaccumulative pollutants believed to be the cause of significant risk to
aquatic systems and to humans consuming contaminated fish flesh.
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE - OFFICE OF AIR AND RADIATION
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,065,000 supported by 20.5 total
workyears. This represents an increase of $40,800 and no change in total
workyears from 1992.
In 1993 the Agency will provide sample collection, analysis, and data
interpretation for remediation, removal, and enforcement activities at Superfund
sites on the National Priority List. The Agency will also develop guidance and
criteria and will review reports, survey plans, and assessments from radiation
and mixed waste contaminated sites.
The remediation technology effort will be expanded to include chemical
extraction, magnetic separation, and bacterial bioremediation techniques. In
addition, increased training assistance will be provided to the EPA Regions on
radioactivity hazards, transport, and safety procedures as they relate to clean-
up at Superfund sites containing radioactive materials.
Development of risk based clean-up goals for radioactively contaminated
sites will also begin, thereby addressing the fundamental issue: "How clean is
clean?" The program will identify critical technology problems associated with
mixed waste clean-ups and test and evaluate specific technologies that focus on
the radioactive component. Development of an EPA national "reference laboratory"
for Agency-wide mixed waste analysis will begin including establishment of mixed
waste field sampling, .screening, handling, and shipping procedures.
Radioanalytical procedures used by the Agency, other Federal agencies, states,
and the private sector for analysis of soil and water contamination will be
evaluated, revised, and updated. Standardized Agency-wide radioanalytical
protocols will be established and site audit procedures for radionuclides
developed. An integrated radiation health monitoring program for EPA employees
including radiation health and safety training will also continue.
In 1993 the program will also support Regional air program technical
assistance for clean-up activities, including the use of air quality models to
determine risks posed by air emissions from clean-up activities and the
establishment of temporary air monitoring networks around selected sites. The
Agency will evaluate potential disposal techniques and technology and review
remedial action plans prior to implementation.
1992 Program
In 1992 the Agency is allocating $3,024,200 supported by 20.5 workyears to
provide sample collection, analysis, and data interpretation for remediation,
removal, and enforcement activities at Superfund sites.
During 1992 the radiation program is providing sample collection, analysis,
and data interpretation for remediation, removal, and enforcement at Superfund
sites, giving priority to those on the National Priority List. The laboratories
in Montgomery, Alabama and Las Vegas, Nevada analyze radioactive samples (alpha,
beta, and gamma analysis) from contaminated sites. Headquarters reviews remedial
investigation feasibility study reports, project operation plans, and
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endangerment assessments. The Office of Radiation Programs also performs
assessments, engineering evaluations , and cost assessments . The program provides
technical assistance to Regional offices including the development of an on-site
waste volume reduction treatability plant at Glen Ridge/Montclair, New Jersey to
clean up contaminated soils. This on-site project includes development and
location of equipment, processing of soils, quality control, sample analysis,
data interpretation, and reports of the preliminary evaluation. EPA will
evaluate other remediation technologies, including incineration, for radioactive
and mixed waste.
In addition, the Agency continues treatability studies such as Volume
Reduction Chemical Extraction to examine, physical and chemical methods for
.reducing the volume and the activity of soils containing radioactive elements.
The 'laboratory, technical assistance, field support, and development of
regulatory criteria and guidance for the Superfund program will continue in 1992.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991 the Agency obligated $2,761,700 supported by 20.7 total workyears.
The radiation program support included: radiation risk assessments,
engineering evaluations, and cost assessments. The Regional air program staff
provided air quality modeling and monitoring for site clean-up activities. The
program .continued to assure that site decisions involving air pollution and
radiation contamination issues were consistent with national air and radiation
program policies and regulations.
The EPA radiation program worked to complete the Hazard Ranking System for
radionuclides, the laboratory evaluation and pilot of the Volume Reduction
Chemical Extraction project, and a draft Human Health Evaluation Manual. The
Agency radiation staff continued to review reports, survey plans, and
environmental assessments at radiation contaminated sites.
The Regional air program staff continued to review field studies of sites
and contractor work plans and provided technical assistance through air quality
modeling, monitoring, and case studies. The support included use of air quality
models to determine the risks posed by air emissions from .clean-up and disposal
techniques and technology to minimize the chances of migration of unhealthy
levels of toxics to the air.
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SUPER FUND
Hazardous Substance Response
Interageney
ACTUAL
1991
PRES.
BUDGET
1992
ENACTED
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
REQUEST
1993
INCREASE +
DECREASE •
1993 VS 1992
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Interageney Superfund
Department of Health &
Human Services (ATSDR)
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Interageney Superfund
United States Coast
Guard
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Interagency Superfund
Department of Justice
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Interagency Superfund
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Interagency Superfund
National Oceanographic
& Atmospheric
Administration
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL
$44,500.0 $54,500.0 $54,500.0 $42,036.0 -$12,464.0
$44,500.0 $54,500.0 $54,500.0 $42,036.0 -$12,464.0
$4,801.2 $4,801.0 $4,801.0 $4,801.0 $4,801.0
TOTAL $4,801.2 $4,801.0 $4,801.0 $4,801.0 $4,801.0
$32,852.7 $32,324.0 $32,324.0 $32,324.0 $32,324.0
TOTAL $32,852.7 $32,324.0 $32,324.0 $32,324.0 $32,324.0
$2,446.3 $1,824.0 $1,824.0 $1,824.0 $1,824.0
TOTAL $2,446.3 $1,824.0 $1,824.0 $1,824.0 $1,824.0
$2,211.0 $2,212.0 $2,212.0 $2,212.0 $2,212.0
Superfund
Interagency Superfund
Department of Interior
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Interagency Superfund
Occupational Safety &
Health Administration
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
TOTAL $2,211.0 $2,212.0 $2,212.0 $2,212.0 $2,212.0
$1,091.3 $1,217.0 $1,217.0 $1,217.0 $1,217.0
TOTAL $1,091.3 $1,217.0 $1,217.0 $1,217.0 $1,217.0
$850.2 $700.0 $700.0 $700.0 $700.0
TOTAL $850.2 $700.0 S700.0 $700.0 $700.0
Interagency
Reimbursables -
Hazardous Substance
Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
Response • Interagency
TOTAL
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Interagency Superfund
Department of Health &
Human Services (NIEHS)
Hazardous Substance $90,415.0 521,915.0 $51,115.0 $51,115.0 $11,915.0 -$39,200.0
Superfund
TOTAL $90,415.0 $21,915.0 $51,115.0 $51,115.0 $11,915.0 -$39,200.0
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance $134,667.7 $109,493.0 $148,693.0 $148,693.0 $97,029.0 -$51,664.0
Superfund
Hazardous Substance TOTAL $134,667.7 $109,493.0 $148,693.0 $148,693.0 $97,029.0 -$51,664.0
Response - Interagency
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Interagency 5.0
Reimbursables -
Hazardous Substance
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 5.0
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Interagency . 5.5
Reimbursables -
Hazardous Substance
Enforcement
TOTAL UORKYEARS 5.5
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $97,029,000 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for Interagency • activities in 1993, a decrease of
$53,664,000 from 1992. The decrease occurs in the Department of Health and Human
Services (HHS) in the National Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences
(NIEHS) and in the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR).
This represents the Agencies' decision not to request the 1992 Congressional
increases for these programs. The requested funding will finance the ongoing
Superfund program activities of the Department of Justice, the United States
Coast Guard, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Department
of the Interior, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, and the Occupational
Safety and Health Administration.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (HHS)
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $53,951,000 ($42,036,000 for ATSDR ar.d
$11,915,000 for NIEHS) for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This
request represents a decrease of $53,664,000 ($14,464,000 for ATSDR and
$39,200,000 for NIEHS) from 1992 levels.
In 1993, ATSDR will continue -to provide technical support and expertise as
required under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), as amended, to protect public health and worker
safety, and to determine the toxicological and human health impacts associated
with hazardous substances. Emphasis will continue to be placed on expanding
state responsibilities and involvement.
In 1993, ATSDR health assessments and consultations for National Priorities
List (NPL) sites will be reduced. In response to citizen petitions, ATSDR will
produce and oversee state production of approximately 35 health assessments for
NPL sites, a decrease of 107 from 1992. Approximately 1,500 health consultations
to states, local governments, and EPA will'be performed in 1993, a decrease of
700 from 1992. The reduced level of activity reflects the Agency's emphasis on
construction and construction completions with fewer projects entering the front-
end of the pipeline.
Health assessments involve conducting health studies at NPL sites;
investigating complaints of illness or disease related to exposure to hazardous
substances; developing appropriate biological testing for exposed individuals;
and developing and maintaining registries of exposed individuals. CERCLA
requires ATSDR to perform a health assessment within one year from the date of
an NPL site proposal.
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ATSDR will initiate draft versions of 10 toxicological profiles. ATS3
will also corvtinue to: maintain and update the existing sub-registry of the
National Exposure Registry; continue four existing site-specific surveillance
projects; operate four state based surveillance projects; and continue one
surveillance project on hazardous waste workers as well as nine surveillance
projects on emergency events. Technical assistance will continue to the health
community by maintenance of automated directories and information systems such
as the Toxological Network (TOXNET) and the Environmental Health Information
Resources Directory.
In 1993, NIEHS will: continue to provide basic research grants for the
development of improved methods and technologies to detect hazardous substances
in human health and environmental media; assess and evaluate risks and health
effects from hazardous substances; and develop methods for the treatment and
attenuation of these effects. Biomedical research will be co.nducted at 11
universities by teams of engineering, physical, and environmental scientists.
In total, 87 studies will be supported. Graduate students and post-doctoral
researchers will assist in research conducted at NIEHS-supported universities.
The NIEHS worker safety training grants program is not funded in 1993. These
activities are available from and should be provided by the public sector.
1992 Program
In 1992, the agency is allocating a to'tal of $105,615,000 ($54,500,000 for
ATSDR and $51,115,000 for NIEHS) from the Hazardous Substance Superfund^
Appropriation.
In 1992, ATSDR will: conduct 142 health assessments; provide 2,200 health
consultations to states, local governments and the Agency; develop a research
program to help fill data gaps on toxicological profile chemicals; plans to
-continue epidemiological and exposure studies and various surveillance projects,
maintain and update three sub-registries; prepare and disseminate health
education information; and report to Congress on health-related activities.
In 1992, NIEHS is enhancing its basic research and training, and worker
safety training grants programs. Approximately 120 research studies are being
funded at the eleven universities conducting research. Through one scientific
conference, NIEHS distributes research findings, pilots new technologies,
integrates research findings, and identifies continuing information gaps.
Emphasis on technology transfer is continued in 1992. In the worker safety
training grants program, NIEHS is continuing implementation of the
recommendations of the evaluations of the first 11 training grant programs. The
evaluations were conducted to ensure that the grantees are.providing a program
of high quality instruction to workers targeted by the program and to ensure that
the training received is being used by workers such as laborers and emergency
responders who are, or may be, engaged in activities related to hazardous
substance removal and containment. NIEHS expects the number of trainees to
increase to 250,000.
Congressional Directives., A total of $41,200,000 is for Congressionally directed
projects: $12,000,000 for ATSDR; $18,700,000 for the NIEHS university-based
research and education program; and $10,500,000 for NIEHS worker training grants.
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1991 Accomplishments
V
In 1991, $90,415,000 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation by HHS ($48,500,000 for ATSDR and $41,915,000 for NIEHS).
In 1991, ATSDR completed 80 health assessments. During 1991, ATSDR
significantly changed the approach to conducting health assessments. The major
areas of expanded involvement included community involvement, public health
action plans and a public comment period. ATSDR also initiated two pilot
studies/investigations on a selected population, continued work on four studies,
and provided approximately 1,850 health consultations.
In compliance with CERCLA Section 104(i)(3); which requires ATSDR to prepare
toxicological profiles on the first 100 most hazardous substances found at
Superfund sites, ATSDR updated 20 profiles during 1991. ATSDR completed one
epidemiological study, initiated five and continued work on eight.
The program initiated the benzene sub-registry at one site and maintained the
trichloroethylene (TCE) and dioxin sub-registries. Work continued on the
development of the policies and procedures for the National Disease Registry.
ATSDR's health education activities during 1991 included: the continuation of
training for state and local health officials on the use of the TOXNET and other
on-line systems operated by the National Library of Medicine; the development of
environmental health case studies for use by the medical community; and education
activities through the environmental and occupational health clinic network.
In 1991, 11 universities received funding from NIEHS to conduct 98 separate
basic research studies in a grants program designed to fulfill the requirements
of a Superfund Basic Research and Professional Training Plan. The Plan was
developed by NIEHS and approved by the HHS Advisory Council on Hazardous
Substances Research and Training, as required by Section 311(a) of SARA.
NIEHS supported 16 grantees through its worker safety training grant
program in 1991. These grantees represent a consortium of over 60 organizations
including universities, labor organizations, and local government units. The
number of trainees in these programs has increased to 200,000. NIEHS also
maintained a clearing house established by and for its grantees to assure the
communication and coordination of. a Nationwide training effort in Superfund
worker training.
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (DOJ)
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $32,324,000 for DOJ from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation. There is no change from 1992.
In 1993, DOJ will maintain its support to the Agency in reviewing
negotiated consent decrees, de minimis settlements, enforcement of information
requests, and access cases. In addition, DOJ will impose civil penalties in
instances where PRPs: violate notification requirements of CERCLA; deny access
to sites; destroy records; violate financial responsibility regulations; or
violate administrative and judicial settlement agreements. DOJ will pursue
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criminal cases and continue Co provide support to EPA's cost recovery efforts
DOJ will also defend, the Agency against citizen suits, pre-enforcement review-
cases, reimbursement claims, and challenges to EPA administrative civil penalty
decisions.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $32,324,000 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for DOJ. DOJ is providing civil and criminal
enforcement litigation which includes counseling on and enforcing administrative
orders, giving warrants for entry, instituting suits to compel removal and
remedial actions, a'nd recovering response costs incurred by the Fund.
r
*'
1991 Accomplishments'
In 1991, $32,852,700 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation by DOJ. These resources were used for litigation and other
enforcement related activities. Key accomplishments included the filing of 42
settlement/injunctive (CERCLA Section 106) cases and 61 cost recovery (CERCLA
Section 107) cases. In addition to the cases filed, DOJ supported 88 Section
106 and 194 Section 107 on-going cases filed prior to 1991. DOJ also concluded
33 Section 106 cases and 25 Section 107 cases by consent decrees.
UNITED STATES COAST GUARD (USCG)
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,801,000 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for the USCG. There is no change from 1992.
In 1993, the USCG will continue to reduce the occurrence and effects of
releases of hazardous substances by enforcing applicable sections of CERCLA, as
amended. Included in the activities, the USCG will: issue and check Certificates
of Financial Responsibility; investigate hazardous substance spill reports; and
determine penalties and prepare liability assessments for potentially responsible
parties .
In addition, the USCG will continue to minimize the effects of releases of
hazardous substances into the coastal environment by providing an adequately
equipped and properly trained workforce to investigate releases and to monitor
or supervise removal actions. The USCG will also ensure the effective management
of the CERCLA program within its purview. It will enhance the effectiveness of
USCG policies and plans that are established and maintained to aid On-Scene
Coordinators (OSCs) in successfully dealing with CERCLA incidents.
Responsibilities also include: providing a central point of contact for receiving
reports of releases of hazardous substances and notifying the pre-designated
Federal OSC; providing assistance in assessing the hazards of released
substances; and supporting the National Response Team (NRT) and Regional Response
Teams (RRTs). The USCG will also continue the medical monitoring system to
minimize the possibility of any physical impairment or harmful effects to USCGd
enforcement .or response personnel from exposure to hazardous substances,
pollutants, or contaminants.
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1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,801,000 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for the USCG.
The USCG provides a central point of contact for receiving reports of
releases of hazardous substances and notifies the pre-designated OSC and other
appropriate governmental and/or private entities. The USCG provides assistance
in the assessment of the hazards of released pollutants. It supports the NRT and
RRT components of the National response mechanism.
The USCG will continue the medical monitoring system to minimize the
possibility of any physical impairment or harmful effects to USCG enforcement or
response personnel from exposure to hazardous substances, pollutants, or
contaminants. The USCG develops and maintains information systems for program
management analysis and the necessary chemical assessment data systems for proper
response to hazardous substance incidents.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, $4,801,200 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Response
appropriation for the USCG. These resources were used to conduct response
training for USCG personnel, upgrade the capabilities of the National Response
Center (NRC), maintain safety equipment, and support field data systems that aid
response programs and minimize the possibility of harm to personnel from exposure
to hazardous substances. In addition, funds supported active participation by
the USCG on the NRT and RRTs.
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION (NOAA)
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,212,000 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for NOAA. There is no change from the 1992 level.
In 1993, these resources will allow NOAA to continue its efforts to support
technical assistance to OSCs in dealing with releases of hazardous substances in.
coastal and marine areas. NOAA will continue to develop and improve information
sources such as the Computer-Aided Management of Emergency Operations (CAMEO)
program, to minimize risk and improve the effectiveness of response operations.
In addition, NOAA will continue to provide technical support to the Agency during
hazardous waste site investigations to identify and assess risks to coastal
resources. NOAA will also act as technical liaison with the Agency and other
Federal, state, and local agencies on coastal resource issues of common interest.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating $2,212,000 from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for NOAA. NOAA will provide technical support for
activities associated with hazardous waste site removal and remedial actions
affecting coastal and marine resources. They will also develop and conduct field
testing of advanced chemical sampling analytical equipment used for response
operations; and provide policy support to the NRT/RRTs and to state and local
14-49
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entities in the areas of contingency planning, community relations
communications, preparedness evaluation, and training.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, $2,211,000 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation by NOAA. These resources were used to support NOAA's ongoing
operations including the purchase, development, and field testing of state-of-
the-art sampling and analytical equipment necessary for efficient and safe
response to hazardous waste removal. Funds were also used to support the
computer-based communication and information systems to provide identification
of likely accident location, trajectory analysis of spilled hazardous materials,
potential human and environmental impacts of accidents, and training of response
personnel via spill simulation.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (DPI')
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,217,000 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for DOI. There is no change from the 1992 level.
DOI will continue to: participate in NRT/RRT preparedness and training
activities; provide coordination of its range of natural resource and other
scientific and technical expertise with Headquarters personnel in agencies^
participating in the NRT; provide guidance, consultation, technical assistance'
and training to states and local governments on emergency preparedness and
response planning. they also provide staff support functions to the
administration of the National Response System and provide direction and
technical information to field units with respect to releases of hazardous
substances, whether they occur at Superfund sites or as emergency incidents.
In addition, DOI will conduct training sessions and workshops, develop
guidance, and provide consultation. Technical assistance to develop and enhance
state and Federal trustee officials' capacity to conduct natural resource damage
assessments will be emphasized. These efforts result in effective claims for
compensation of natural resource losses or injuries from releases of hazardous
substances, from Superfund sites or during emergency incidents.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,217,000 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for DOI. DOI participates in RRT (nine DOI
Regions covering thirteen standing RRTs preparedness and training activities, as
well as administrative work group activities. To ensure that proper consider-
ation is given to natural resources and sensitive environments, DOI provides
guidance, consultation, technical assistance, and training to states and local
governments. DOI also conducts training sessions and workshops, develops
guidance, and provides consultation and technical assistance enhancing state and
Federal trustee officials' capacity to conduct natural resource damage
assessments.
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1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, $1,091,300 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation by DOI. These resources enabled DOI to participate in NRT/RRT
preparedness and training activities and to continue its involvement in state and
local emergency preparedness and technical assistance to natural resources
trustees.
FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY (TEMA)
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,824,000 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for FEMA. There is no change from the 1992 level.
In 1993, FEMA will continue to support the Superfund program in the
management and coordination of training programs for local officials through the
Emergency Management Institute and the National Fire Academy. These courses
provide training to expeditiously respond to hazardous materials incidents,
preserve the environment, and protect public health and safety. Resources will
be used to maintain local, state, and Federal emergency preparedness and
administrative support. Resources will continue to fund the distribution of
educational materials at state and local levels, and to support the training and
team building necessary to enhance specialized response capabilities. FEMA will
close out temporary and permanent relocation projects which were started prior
to 1991.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,826,600 of which $60,000
is supporting temporary and permanent relocations from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
In 1992, FEMA continues to provide technical assistance to state and local
governments through improved coordination with the RRT for all preparedness
activities, including contingency plan review, training support, planning support
for four Regional workshops, and exercise evaluations. FEMA provides support to
the NRT initiatives for information exchange. In 1992, the permanent and
temporary relocation program is being redelegated to the Agency.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, $2,446,300 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
by FEMA. These resources were used to: support FEMA's development of relocations
guidelines and regulations; provide management oversight for temporary and
permanent locations; provide preparedness guidance and technical assistance -.••>.
state and local governments; enhance coordination of hazardous materials issues
with the public and private sector; and provide continued support for NRT/RRT
initiatives. FEMA also continued support training at the state and local level.
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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION (OSHA)
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a cocal of $700,000 for che Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for OSHA. There is no change from the 1992 level.
In 1993, OSHA will conduce compliance assistance visits to review site
safety and health plans and programs. OSHA will increase correspondence and
participation in conferences to explain the requirements of its Hazardous Waste
Standard (HWS), to requestors. OSHA will also provide technical assistance to
EPA and other Federal agencies, and develop guidelines and procedures in the
composition of manuals for assessing safety and health at hazardous waste sites.
In addition, OSHA will continue to participate actively in the NRT and RRTs DV
providing outreach and technical assistance to other team member agencies.
OSHA will continue its implementation of che HUS by developing a training
certification program for hazardous waste and emergency response operations
conduct approximately 40 audits and evaluations during 1993, and conduce
inspections at approximately 30 hazardous waste sites, based upon referrals from
the Agency. In addition, the 20 states and 2 territories which operate OSHA
approved Safety and Health Programs will conduct 22 inspections.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $700,000 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for OSHA.
OSHA continues to conduct safety and health inspections at Superfund sices
and provide assistance at the sites to the NRT/RRTs. The resources allow OSHA
to support: technical assistance at hazardous waste sites; worker safety
inspections and enforcement at sites where Superfund remedial actions are
underway; and assistance to the NRT/RRT in preparedness and training activities.
Funds are also applied to support: information sharing activities; the review and
development of contingency plans; participation in simulation exercises; and
training activities. OSHA uses resources to develop required standards for the
certification of training for employees engaged in hazardous waste operations.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, $850,200 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation by OSHA. The funds were used to: train OSHA inspectors; maintain
a special inspection program for Superfund sites; provide technical assistance
to EPA; provide support for the activities of the NRT/RRTs, and enforce a
required worker protection standard.
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Enforcement
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
SUPERFUND
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement 14-53
Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement 14-53
Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement 14-56
Hazardous Substance Criminal Enforcement Programs 14-60
Hazardous Substance Technical Support 14-62
Hazardous Substance Federal Facilities Enforcement 14-63
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SUPER FUND
Hazardous Substance Response-Enforcement
ACTUAL
1991
PRES.
BUDGET
1992
ENACTED
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
REQUEST
1993
INCREASE »
DECREASE •
1993 VS 1992
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Technical Support
And Compliance
Monitoring
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance-
Technical Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance-
Legal Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance-
Criminal Enforcement
Program
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Federal Facilities
Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
$10,768.7 $10,812.7 $10,608.0 $10,562.2 $9,969.8 -$592:4
TOTAL $10,768.7 $10,812.7 $10,608.0 $10,562.2 $9,969.8 -$592.4
$118,870.7 $120,350.0 $114,877.0 $116,932.0 $120,251.5 $3,319.5
TOTAL $118,870.7 $120,350.0 $114,877.0 $116,932.0 $120,251.5 $3,319.5
$24,123.4 $25,757.6 $24,624.9 $25,767.8 $28,548.4 $2,780.6
TOTAL $24,123.4 $25,757.6 $24,624.9 $25,767.8 $28,548.4 $2,780.6
$1,647.5 $1,603.8 $1,533.3 $1,639.3 $2,193.9 $554.6
TOTAL $1,647.5 $1,603.8 -$1,533.3 $1,639.3 . $2,193.9 $554.6
$20,217.0 $32,011.9 $30,353.2 $28,167.3 $29,572.4 $1,405.1
TOTAL $20,217.0 $32,011.9 $30,353.2 $28,167.3 $29,572.4 $1,405.1
$175,627.3 $190,536.0 $181,996.4 $183,068.6 $190,536.0 $7,467.4
Hazardous Substance TOTAL $175,627.3 $190,536.0 $181,996.4 $183,068.6 $190,536.0 $7,467.4
Response-Enforcement
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance
Technical Support
And Compliance
Monitoring
Hazardous Substance-
Technical Enforcement
Hazardous Substance-
Legal Enforcement
38.7
45.4
45.4
45.8
803.5 858.7 858.7 815.4
45.6
857.3
374.1 429.3 429.3 410.2 428.0
-2
41.9
17.8
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SUPER FUND
Hazardous Substance Response-Enforcement
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
Hazardous Substance-
Criminal Enforcement
Program
Hazardous Substance
Federal Facilities
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS
. (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
18.9 17.2 17.2 17.8 19.3 1.5
90.4 240.1 240.1 229.9 240.5 10.6
1,325.6 1,590.7 1,590.7 1,519.1 1,590.7 71.6
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance
Technical Support
And Compliance
Monitoring
Hazardous Substance-
Technical Enforcement
Hazardous Substance-
Legal Enforcement
Hazardous Substance-
Criminal Enforcement
Program
Hazardous Substance
Federal Facilities
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS
40.5 45.4 45.4 45.8
45.6
839.2 858.7 858.7 857.3 857.3
407.0 429.3 429.3 429.3 428.0
18.9 17.2 17.2 17.8
19.3
92.3 240.1 240.1 240.5 240.5
1,397.9 1,590.7 1,590.7 1,590.7 1,590.7
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement
Budeet Request
The Agency requests a total of $190,536,000 supported by 1,590.7 workyears
for 1993 for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation for technical,
administrative and legal enforcement activities. When included with the budgets
of the Department of Justice (DOJ) and Office of General Counsel, the total
Superfund Enforcement request is $225,000,000 and 1,628.6 workyears. This is an
increase of $8,362,300 from 1992.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE TECHNICAL ENFORCEMENT
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $120,251,500 and 857.3 workyears for this
program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropria-
tion. This is an increase of $3,319,500 from 1992.
The Technical Enforcement program will strengthen its program infrastruc-
ture by increasing its cost documentation efforts in support of cost recovery
•actions. This will enable the Agency to be in a stronger position when
negotiating or litigating cost recovery cases. The program will also increase
its efforts to achieve additional de minimis settlements and will focus its
attention on PRP compliance with settlement agreements. Emphasis on early and
comprehensive PRP searches will support the de minimis effort and also serve to
strengthen enforcement action against recalcitrant PRPs. The Agency will
continue to focus its use of available administrative and judicial enforcement:
tools in obtaining PRP response actions, and will also focus on managing and
bringing to successful closure PRP response and enforcement actions already
underway. PRPs not responding to requests for information will be subject to
enforcement actions. The enforcement program will oversee PRP conduct of
response actions.
The Agency will issue administrative orders, and may in some cases pursue
litigation for injunctive relief, where settlements are not achieved. The
program will also pursue non-settling PRPs, and follow with aggressive cose
recovery actions when the Trust Fund is used for removal and remedial response
actions. The Agency will seek, the recovery of government costs plus treble
damages when PRPs do not comply with a unilateral order. Cost recovery
activities will focus on large cases and cases constrained by the statute of
limitations. This strategy will result in the return of needed resources to the
Trust Fund and, in the long run, increased compliance with.Superfund enforcement
actions.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $116,932,000 supported by
857.3 total workyears, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfur.c
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appropriation, to secure and oversee PRP response at National Priorities List
(NPL) and other priority sites and to pursue cost recovery actions.
The Agency is continuously strengthening its enforcement program. Increased
focus is placed on finding PRPs early in the process and exhausting all available
enforcement tools to obtain their response actions before using the Trust Fund.
Where PRPs fail to respond to information requests adequately, prompt enforcement
follows. To encourage settlement, the Agency is pursuing de minimis and mixed
funding settlements. Where negotiations fail to achieve settlement, the Agency
is strengthening its efforts against non-settling PRPs by issuing unilateral
orders to achieve response and to establish treble damage claims for cost
recovery.
When the PRP undertakes the response action, strong oversight accompanied
with prompt enforcement actions will prevent needless delays at the remedy
selection and implementation phases. Stipulated or statutory penalties are
pursued where the PRPs are out of compliance with the administrative order,
consent decree, or judgment.
The program is pursuing administrative or judicial cost recovery actions
where Fund-financed action has been undertaken. Aggressive cost recovery actions
against non-settling PRPs will provide PRPs with incentives to settle.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $118,870,700 supported by 839.2
total workyears, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfur.d
appropriation.
During 1991, PRP remedial response accounted for 63% of the remedial
actions initiated. The program also concluded remedial design/remedial action
negotiations, issued administrative orders, and referred cases to DOJ resulting
in 71 Consent Decrees and 48 Unilateral Administrative Orders for RD/RA. Of the
48 unilateral orders, compliance was achieved with 30 orders during FY 1991. Of
the remaining 18 administrative orders, compliance with 3 of those orders has
been achieved in FY 1992. Agreements and orders in compliance at 101 sites
resulted in binding commitments to remedial work valued at nearly $1.1 billion.
For the entire program, the value of PRP settlements was over $1.4 billion.
Funds received as a result of cost recovery actions exceeded $80 million.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LEGAL ENFORCEMENT
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $28,548,400 supported by 428.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,780,600 and a
decrease of 1.3 total workyears from 1992. The dollar increase reflects
increased personnel and support costs. The workyear decrease reflects the
transfer of 1.3 workyears to the Hazardous Substance Criminal Enforcement
Program. The restructure of the Headquarters Superfund legal component to the
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Hazardous Substance Criminal Enforcement Program provides for the consolidation
of the legal and investigative resources.
Federal Superfund legal enforcement work will continue in two major areas:
(1) actions to secure privately-financed site cleanups by potentially responsible
parties (PRPs), and (2) cost recovery actions to recoup Superfund Trust Fund
resources expended in Fund-financed cleanup activities. These actions will allow
Trust Fund resources to be focused on abandoned sites or sites with insolvent
responsible parties where direct use of the Trust Fund presents the only
available response option. "Cost recovery" actions will return previously
expended monies to the Trust Fund and thereby permit resources to address a
larger number of sites. Increased emphasis on Federal facility cleanups will
provide for cleanup of Federally-owned Superfund sites on the National Priority
Listing (NPL) sites which require initial negotiation, modification, or dispute
resolution of an Interagency Agreement (IAG). Support will be provided in
responding to military base closure site remediation activities.
Headquarters activities will ensure a balanced technical and legal
enforcement program. Particular emphasis will be placed on providing legal
support for settling more promptly with de minimis parties and municipalities,
and for moving Superfund sites expeditiously through the "pipeline" of cleanup
responsibilities. Remedial design/remedial action settlements will facilitate
the conduct of PRPs cleanup, and increased efforts will be made to resolve
appropriately the liabilities of all known PRPs as part of such settlements.
Program oversight goals include: (1) achieving greater numbers of remedial
cost recovery actions and settlements with the maximum number of parties; (2)
conducting RD/RA consent decree enforcement; and (3) supporting Federal Facility
Interagency Agreement (IAG) negotiation work. Management information systems to
track new or refined indicators of Superfund enforcement accomplishments will
continue to be utilized to ensure that key information necessary to formulate
policy objectives is available.
Headquarters will continue to focus its litigation work on areas
recommended in the Superfund Management Review (SMR) such as unilateral
administrative and judicial enforcement, enforcement against non-settlor's,
enforcement against non-respondents to information request, and treble
damage/civil penalty claims. Cost recovery efforts will continue to be expanded
for monitoring the progress of referrals for pre-SARA remedial starts to ensure
all claims potentially affected by the October, 1992 SARA Statute of Limitations
are reviewed in a timely manner for a referral decision. Headquarters capacity
building activities will focus on establishing the National Enforcement Training
Institute (NETI), which will serve as OE's primary institution to develop and
train enforcement personnel. The Superfund Training Institute activities are
included in the NETI effort. The NETI will expand training to Federal, State,
and local enforcement personnel involved in CERCLA enforcement, with particular
emphasis placed on the development of courses on successful PRP negotiations and
case strategies.
Negotiated settlements will remain the Agency's primary goal and will
necessitate early involvement of legal resources in the enforcement process. The
Agency's enforcement program policy of "enforcement first" will place high
priority on negotiations with (and unilateral enforcement against) PRPs for site
cleanup. The statutory mandate for public participation and the use of several
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SARA enforcement and settlement remedies with larger number of parties will
continue to produce a dramatic increase in Regional legal enforcement workload.
The impact of this increased workload will be moderated through use of model
documents and forms, and Headquarters support in selected negotiations.
Regional legal enforcement will support follow-up of unilateral Section 106
administrative orders, as well as Section 107 cost recovery cases. Legal actions
will be aggressively pursued for maximum impact to PRPs currently in
negotiations. Regional legal assistance will be provided to the Office of
Federal Facilities Enforcement Regional staff in support of Federal facility
enforcement activities, as more Department of Energy (DOE) and Department of
Defense (DOD) Superfund NPL sites require subsequent negotiations, modifications,
or dispute resolutions of existing Interagency Agreements (lAGs), and as military
bases close.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $25,767,800 supported by 429.3 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
Implementation of the "enforcement-first policy" of the SMR continues to
achieve greater absolute numbers, and an increasing proportion, of PRP site
cleanup actions. To ensure full support to technical enforcement efforts for
meeting statutory deadlines for Remedial Design (RD)/Remedial Action (RA),
Headquarters staff are being deployed as troubleshooters with national expertise
to provide targeted, hands-on supplementary support for key cases. The
enforcement strategy (as identified in the FY 1991-1994 Strategic Plan for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response) is incorporating targeted
enforcement actions through increased use of risk and geographic indicators
focusing enforcement resources and setting program priorities. Headquarters
legal staff are developing an interim policy for the Regions on Section 106(b)(2)
private party petitions for reimbursement of cleanup costs.
Headquarters activity is focusing on the following areas: implementation
of a non-settlor strategy; coordination with the Regions on use of the model
RD/RA consent decree; implementation of a strategy for using de minimis and Non-
Binding Preliminary Allocation of Responsibility (NEAR) settlement authorities
with increased numbers of parties; Alternative Dispute Resolution in appropriate
Superfund settlements; implementation of the information request enforcement
strategy; and implementation of the Section 106 penalty and Section 107 treble
damage settlement policies. Headquarters staff are promulgating interim final
policies regarding Section 106 treble damage claims and settlement of civil
penalty claim* for violations of Section 106 orders, as well as developing an
overall unilateral administrative order strategy and approach to pursuit of non-
settlors.
Regional legal enforcement work continues on a number of major Section 106
and 107 cases, many of which are expected to reach successful resolution.
Intense legal involvement early in enforcement actions is improving the Agency's
negotiating position and is leading to achievement of stronger settlements.
Judicial actions are being pursued where administrative enforcement tools do not|
succeed in securing response action, where remedial settlements need to be
documented, and where costs associated with Fund-financed site cleanups require
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recovery. Efforts are being made to improve and expedite the Section 107
litigation process through use of a Headquarters developed computer model for
calculation of payable interest by defendants in cost recovery proceedings.
Regional legal enforcement work continues on significant Federal Facilities
negotiations which are expected to result in lAGs for cleanup of Federally-owned
Superfund NPL sites. Regional legal resources are supporting Federal Facilities
enforcement efforts in addressing modifications to existing lAGs, ongoing IAG
negotiations, particularly with DOD and DOE, and initial efforts to deal with
military base closure.
1991 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated $24,123,400 supported by 407.0 total workyears for
this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation.
The direction, scope, and accomplishments of the 1991 legal enforcement
program were strongly influenced by the SMR which served as the major blueprint
for the "enforcement first policy" for obtaining site cleanup by PRPs.
Program accomplishments reflected the strong emphasis placed on
enforcement. The Agency kept up with the high level of Superfund judicial
enforcement activity with 164 civil referrals to the Department of Justice
(compared to 157 in 1990) -- cases primarily seeking injunctive relief for
hazardous waste site cleanup by PRPs, recovery of response costs, and securing
access to sites for obtaining information. Continued high levels of actions were
also taken to start long-term site cleanup using the Agency's enforcement tools.
For example, in 1991, the Agency issued 48 unilateral administrative orders for
RD/RA (compared to 44 in 1990) and secured 101 RD/RA cleanups through settlements
or unilateral administrative orders in compliance (compared to 97 in 1990). The
total estimated value of the 263 settlements undertaken by the PRPs is over $1.4
billion (a nearly six-fold increase since 1987). To address cost recovery
claims, the Agency referred over $164.8 million in civil actions to the
Department of Justice for collection in 1991.
Headquarters staff, in addition to providing significant support to many
ongoing major complex Superfund negotiations, trials and appeals, completed
issuance of the draft "Lender Liability" rule; the model RD/RA Settlement Decree;
a Residential Homeowners Policy; a Contribution Protection Policy; and a highly
successful Alternative Dispute Resolution pilot program for Superfund actions in
Region V.
In the Regions, legal work continued on a number of previously filed
Section 106 and 107 cases. Intense legal and technical preparation early in
enforcement actions improved the government's negotiating position. A large
proportion of Regional legal resources were utilized in preliminary enforcement
activity and administrative enforcement. Judicial actions were used where
administrative enforcement tools did not succeed in securing response actions.
In addition to actions against potentially responsible parties, Regional legal
enforcement staff were heavily involved in significant Federal Facility
negotiations at facilities such as Fernald, Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Rocky Flats,
and Aberdeen Proving Ground, which were intended to result in cleanup of
Federally-owned sites.
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - CRIMINAL ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,193,900 supported by 19.3 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $554,600 and 1.5 total workyears
from 1992. The increase of 1.5 total workyears reflects the restructure of the
Criminal Enforcement program to consolidate the investigative, legal, and support
staff. The dollar increase reflects increased personnel costs and contract
support.
Criminal referrals and indictments continue to grow due to changes in
statutory authority, growth in National Priority List sites, and increased
commitment to Federal facility enforcement. Criminal sanctions under the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) as
amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) have changed
from misdemeanors to felonies (punishable by a maximum of 3 years imprisonment,
5 years for second and subsequent convictions) for: failure to report or
submitting false information on releases of hazardous substances; destruction or
falsification of records; or submitting false information in a clean up.
The Criminal Enforcement program will continue to give priority to health
and ecological risk, as it did in the Chesapeake Bay initiative. There is an
emerging trend toward investigations of larger facilities, including Federal
facilities, and major incidents which requires special agents from more than one
Region to provide an adequate investigative force.
The Office of Criminal Enforcement (OCE) works in close cooperation with
state environmental crimes units, other Federal law enforcement agencies and the
military investigative service, effectively multiplying the visibility and
deterrence of criminal enforcement in the environmental protection arena.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $1,639,300 supported by 17.8.total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. The criminal legal staff is contained in the Hazardous
Substance Legal Enforcement program.
During the first quarter of 1992, 39 new criminal investigations were
initiated (11 with CERCLA aspects), 16 criminal investigations were closed (3
with CERCLA aspects), and 270 criminal investigations remained open (124 with
CERCLA aspects). This increased level of criminal investigation activity is
expected to continue into 1993.
Referral and indictment activities have grown over the last several years.
The basic goal is the initiation and conduct of criminal investigations under
CERCLA. This program takes the lead in prosecuting criminal cases of national
significance with precedent-setting potential. The program also promotes
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investigative aspects of CERCLA criminal case development by establishing and
implementing training programs for Agency personnel.
Many investigations originally begun as CERCLA investigations, with
potential use of Fund resources for cleanup at apparently abandoned sites, are
subsequently prosecuted under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).
This results in the Agency's record-keeping systems understating the level of
effort for CERCLA-related cases. These types of RCRA cases with related
CERCLA/SARA offenses account for approximately 50 percent of field agents'
caseloads and manpower commitments.
Enforcement actions at Federal facilities are expected to increase in 1992.
To date, of the 20 criminal investigations involving Federal facilities, or
contractors at Federal facilities, 10 involve CERCLA violations. Eleven of these
cases (5 with CERCLA aspects) are currently open and are actively being
investigated or awaiting trial.
1991 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $1,647,500 supported by 18.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substances
Superfund appropriation. The criminal legal staff is contained in the Hazardous
Substance Legal Enforcement program.
The Criminal Investigation program took the lead in prosecuting criminal
cases of national significance, or with precedent setting potential. Field
agents and prosecuting attorneys often combine CERCLA investigations with RCRA
investigations. Reference to cases referred under CERCLA tends, therefore, to
understate the level of effort. During 1991, there were 126 criminal cases
alleging CERCLA violations out of an active caseload of 274 cases. In 1988,
there were 97 new cases, in 1989 there were 120 new cases, in 1990 there were 112
new cases, and in 1991 there were 150 new cases added to the criminal docket.
The number of CERCLA-related convictions has increased over past years. There
were 8 cases with CERCLA convictions in 1988, 18 in 1989 and 17 in 1990. In
1991, charges were filed in 24 cases; there were 44 cases involving Grand Jury
Investigations and 43 cases were referred to the Department of Justice. The
program also provided several training programs for Agency and state personnel
in CERCLA criminal case investigations.
14-61
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE TECHNICAL SUPPORT
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,969,800 supported by 45.6 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $592,400 from 1992. The dollar
decrease is to cover increased administrative expense costs associated with
Headquarters Superfund enforcement personnel and a transfer of resources to the
Criminal Enforcement Program for the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center and
Criminal Information system.
The National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) will provide
necessary technical support to Superfund civil and criminal cases. To support
high priority cases NEIC uses its expertise in areas such as information systems,
engineering, and analytical chemistry. NEIC in cooperation with the Regional
offices and Office of Federal Facilities Enforcement (OFFE) will continue to
conduct investigations of Federal facilities, including an evaluation of past on-
site hazardous substance disposal practices. This information will be used to
determine site clean-up priorities and develop model evaluation procedures and
remedial programs applicable at other facilities. NEIC will serve on a "tiger
team" to address critical base closure issues for Department of Defense
facilities on the Superfund National Priorities List.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $10,562,200 supported by 45.8 workyears
for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation.
NEIC is providing evidence audit support and/or computerized files
development for numerous sites and provide placement and oversight of contractor
evidence audit support in each Region. Extensive technical assistance to EPA and
States on: laboratory analytical procedures; preparation and handling of highly
hazardous samples; disposal of hazardous laboratory waste; sample shipping
procedures; training of personnel regarding site inspections and safety
procedures; in-depth studies of chemical hazards to laboratory and field
personnel engaged in hazardous waste investigations; and technical support to
criminal cases continues.
NEIC'S function of developing procedures in unique enforcement cases is
expanding to provide advice and assistance to Regional offices on case
preparation and evidence support for section 106 orders and subsequent potential
judicial actions, as well as technical support and information retrieval and
interpretation in cost recovery actions.
1991 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $10,768,700 supported by 40.5 workyears,
all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
14-62
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NEIC provided financial assessments from the Superfund Financial Assessment
System to enable enforcement attorneys to estimate a Potentially Responsible
Party's (PRP) ability to pay clean-up costs at Superfund sites. Information from
the data bases NEIC developed was provided as part of a networking effort to
allow Regional attorneys to share litigation strategies when PRPs are identified
across Regions.
NEIC also provided: characterization of hazardous waste; CERCLA
requirements in evaluating compliance at major Federal facilities; widespread
Regional use of the contractor evidence audit litigation support programs; and
technical support to the criminal program.
Technical support provided to Section 107 Cost Recovery Actions at
Stringfellow and Operating Industries resulted in two of the largest Record of
Decision for Superfund sites.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - FEDERAL FACILITIES ENFORCEMENT
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $29,572,400 supported by 240.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,405,100 and no change
in workyears from 1992. The Agency will support ongoing EPA technical oversight
at primarily Department of Energy (DOE). Department of Defense (DOD), and
Department of Interior (DOI) Superfund National Priority List (NPL) site cleanups
under CERCLA Section 120 Interagency Agreements (lAGs). The Agency will have
oversight responsibilities at the 116 Superfund cleanup sites on the NPL. EPA
will also provide environmental technical assistance at military bases designated
to close.
EPA will carry out active oversight at the nation's highest priority
cleanup activities. The Office of Federal Facilities Enforcement (OFFE) will
focus on sites which pose significant environmental and\or public health threats.
These include: Department of Energy weapons facilities (e.g., Hanford, Oak Ridge,
Los Alamos, Fernald, and Rocky Flats); Department of Defense sites (e.g., Rocky
Mountain Arsenal, and Twin Cities Ammunition Plant). OFFE will also oversee
cleanups at the 15 military bases that are designated to close, which are also
listed on the NPL (e.g., Loring A.F.B., Alabama Ammunition Plant, Sacramento Army
Depot, 'and others), and 2 bases designated for realignment which are also on the
NPL, as well «• non-NPL military bases (e.g., Wurtsmith A.F.B., Presidio of San
Francisco, and others) where significant environmental compliance/cleanup may be
necessary to safely transfer property to the private sector.
The program will provide technical assistance to Federal agencies; assist
them in streamlining their cleanup programs; and provide risk-based priority
guidelines to address worst sites first. This assistance will increase the
effectiveness of the Federal Government's response programs. FY 1993 will be a
key year in implementing strategic policy initiatives including accelerating
cleanup, establishing a Federal cleanup priority system, using Federal facilities
as testing centers for innovative technology, and streamlining the interagency
review and comment process.
14-63
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Headquarters will assist the Regions, among other -things, by : 1)
coordinating and overseeing nationally significant "mega sites" with large number
of operable units and the rest of the 116 National Priority List sites currently
governed by provisions in Superfund Federal Facilities lAGs; 2) providing
technical assistance to OOD at military bases designated to close which are
listed on the NPL or have environmental problems that must be addressed before
a land transfer to the private sector can be made; and 3) providing support on
1AG dispute resolution and amendments.
Headquarters will assist Regional Federal Facility work by: providing
guidance to the Regions through the Superfund Comprehensive Accomplishments Plan
(SCAP), maintaining the CERCLIS data base system for improved Federal Facility
•tracking, and maintaining the Agency Hazardous Waste Compliance Docket.
The Regions will assist in the technical oversight of Federal facility
cleanups and ensure that EPA's commitments under an IAG are maintained. The IAG
process that EPA enters into with Federal agencies commits EPA to meeting
specific review times (e.g., 45 days for technical documents such as Remedial
Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) and other critical documents, such as the
Proposed Plan and Record of Decision)). The Regions will also support Federal
agency expedited response actions. EPA Federal Facility coordinators will
primarily .oversee DOE and DOD site cleanup activities and provide technical
assistance at military base closings. Regional staff will continue to pursue
Regional responses at environmentally significant sites by identifying and
utilizing all appropriate enforcement tools.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $28,167,300 and 240.5 total workyears
for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation.
EPA is continuing it's technical oversight at primarily DOE and DOD
Superfund National Priority List (NPL) site cleanups under CERCLA Section 120
Interagency Agreements (lAGs). The Agency will focus on sites which pose the
most significant environmental and public health threats, in particular
Department of Energy weapons facilities (i.e., Hanford, Rocky Flats, W.R. Grace
and Co.,Inc/Wayne Interim Storage Site, Brookhaven National Laboratory, and
others) and Department of Defense sites. A major effort in 1992 that will
increase in magnitude through 1993 and beyond addresses the significant
environmental problems at closing military bases, particularly those on the NPL.
Of the military bases scheduled to close or be realigned, 17 are listed NPL sites
(15 closing bases, and 2 bases being realigned).
Headquarters staff are assisting the Regions in: 1) coordinating and
overseeing nationally-significant "mega sites" and the 116 National Priority List
sites currently governed by provisions in Superfund Federal Facilities lAGs; 2)
providing technical assistance to DOD on military bases designated to close which
are listed on the NPL or have environmental problems which must be addressed
before a land transfer can be made; 3) providing support on IAG dispute
resolutions and amendments; and 4) implementing a national priorities system for
Federal Facilities cleanups in consultation with other Federal agencies and
States.
14-64
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The Regions are assisting in the technical oversight of Federal response
actions and meeting EPA's commitments under an IAG. The Regions are also
supporting Federal agency expedited response actions. EPA Federal Facility
coordinators are overseeing DOE and DOD site cleanup activities and assist with
the expedited cleanup activities at military bases designated for closure.
1991 Accomplishments
The Agency allocated a total of $20,217,000 supported by 92.3 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
The Agency negotiated 24 CERCLA Section 120 agreements and in coordination
with Federal agencies reviewed plans for cleanup of environmental contamination
at Federally-owned facilities. At the end of 1991, EPA had completed a total of
85 CERCLA Section 120 Interagency Agreements (75 with DOD, and 10 with DOE). EPA
has issued 5 CERCLA Section 106 Administrative Consent Orders to Federal
agencies.
EPA provided technical support to Federal agencies by reviewing their
cleanup plans. This included involving States early in the IAG negotiation
process to gain consensus on the steps necessary to remedy a site. Major program
accomplishments include: 1) initiating a dialogue with other Federal Agencies,
States, environmental groups, Indian tribes, and other affected stakeholders to
develop a national priorities system for Federal Facilities cleanups; 2)
developing a Federal Facility Enforcement Strategic Plan; 3) providing technical
assistance to Federal agencies; 4) maintaining the Agency Federal Facilities
Hazardous Uaste Compliance Docket; and 5) managing the use of the Technical
Enforcement Support contract.
EPA met with DOD on the Pease Air Force Base military base closing. EPA
provided assistance to DOD on environmental cleanup issues related to planned
transfers of property at Pease to the private sector.
Headquarters staff formulated the Agency's national program to oversee
ongoing Federal Facility cleanups at 116 National Priority List sites.
Accomplishments included providing guidance to Regional personnel on: the
Government-Owned-Contractor-Operated (GOCO) enforcement policy, mega-site
management, settlements with Federal Facilities at privately owned sites,
RCRA/CERCLA integration, community relations at Federal Facilities, and
environmental restoration at closing military bases.
The Regions also assisted in the technical oversight of Federal response
actions. EPA Federal Facility coordinators conducted oversight of DOE, DOD, and
DOI site cleanup activities including review of technical documents such as
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Studies (RI/FS). The Regions also supported
Federal agency expedited response actions.
14-65
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Management and Support
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
SUPERFUND
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Hazardous Substance Management and Support 14-66
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Headquarters . . . . 14-71
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Regions 14-72
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters . 14-73
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Regions .... 14-74
Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants
Management - Headquarters 14-74
Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants
Management - Regions 14-75
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Headquarters/Nationwide 14-76
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Regions . 14-77
Hazardous Substance Automated Data Processing Support 14-77
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Headquarters 14-78
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Regions 14-79
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Inspector General 14-79
Hazardous Substance - Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation 14-81
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Comptroller 14-84
Hazardous Substance - Executive Offices 14-84
Hazardous Substance - Office of Research and Development . . . 14-86
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SUPER FUND
Management and Support
ACTUAL
1991
PRES.
BUDGET
1992
ENACTED
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
REQUEST
1993
INCREASE *
DECREASE -
1993 VS 1992
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)2
Hazardous Substance -
Financial Management -
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Superfond
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
$6,360.1 $7,993.0 $7,163.3 $6,981.0 $7,993.0
TOTAL $6,360.1 $7,993.0 $7,163.3 $6,981.0 $7,993.0
$3,498.7 $4,027.2 $3,768.5 $3,584.6 $3,907.3
TOTAL $3,498.7 $4,027.2 $3,768.5 $3,584.6 $3,907.3
Hazardous Substance -
HeadquartersXNationwide
Support
Office of Inspector
General
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management - Regions
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Regional Support
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance-
Computer Services
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
$769.0 $788.0 $788.0 $788.0 $1,424.0
$36,692.2 $39,964.2 $34,721.5 $35,096.5 $42,952.2
TOTAL $37,461.2 $40,752.2 $35,509.5 $35,884.5 $44,'376.2
TOTAL
$4,352.1 $3,430.3 $3,324.4 $3,513.1 $3,430.3
$4,352.1 $3,430.3 $3,324.4 $3,513.1 $3,430.3
$23,225.5 $18,431.3 $16,365.7 $16,496.9 $18,431.3
TOTAL $23,225.5 $18,431.3 $16,365.7 $16,496.9 $18,431.3
TOTAL
$936.8
$936.8
$910.0
$910.0
$877.6
$877.6
$877.6
$877.6
$746.9
$746.9
$1,058.0 $1,230.0 $1,194.2 $1,346.5 $1,393.1
TOTAL $1,058.0 $1,230.0 $1,194.2 $1,346.5 $1,393.1
$10,986.6 $9,729.8 $7,294.8 $7,294.8 $9,729.8
TOTAL $10,986.6 $9,729.8 $7,294.8 $7,294.8 $9,729.8
$1,012.0
$1,012.0
$322.7
$322.7
$636.0
$7,855.7
$8,491.7
-$82.8
-$82.8
$1,934.4
$1,934.4
-$130.7
-$130.7
$46.6
$46.6
$2,435.0
$2,435.0
14-66
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SUPERFUNO
Management end Support
ACTUAL
1991
PRES.
BUDGET
1992
ENACTED
1992
CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE •
1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance-
Office of Policy,
Planning And Evaluation
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
S3,223.1 $3,450.0 $3,388.2 $3,388.2 $3,409.5 $21.3
TOTAL $3,223.1 '$3,450.0 $3,388.2 $3,388.2 $3,409.5 $21.3
$10,425.8 $9,495.7 $7,959.8 $7,877.1 $8,407.7 $530.6
Superfund
Hazardous Substance-
Office of the
Comptroller
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance -
Management and Support
Development - Lab
Support
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance-
Office of the
Administrator
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
TOTAL $10,425.8 $9,495.7 $7,959.8 $7,877.1 $8,407.7 $530.6
$882.7 $1,081.0 $1,000.9 $1,000.9 $1,081.0 $80.1
TOTAL $882.7 $1,081.0 $1,000.9 $1,000.9 $1,081.0 $80.1
$1,690.3 $2,149.6 $1,756.2 $1,746.9 $1,861.4 $114.5
TOTAL $1,690.3 $2,149.6 $1,756.2 $1,746.9 $1,861.4 $114.5
$938.9 $1,023.0 $1,309.2 $1,309.2 $1,063.5 -$245.7
TOTAL $938.9 $1,023.0 $1,309.2 $1,309.2 $1,063.5 -$245.7
Hazardous Substance-
Office of the Inspector
General
Office of Inspector
Genera I
Hazardous Substance •
Contracts and Grants •
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance -
Contracts and Grants •
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
$11,579.5 $14,166.0 $14,166.0 $14,166.0 $15,004.0 $838.0
TOTAL $11,579.5 $14,166.0 $14,166.0 $14,166.0 $15,004.0 $838.0
$7,701.3 $10,464.1 $9,502.0 $8,105.5 $9,122.2 $1,016.7
TOTAL $7,701.3 $10,464.1 $9,502.0 $8,105.5 $9,122.2 $1,016.7
$3,771.4 $2,930.4 $2,813.2 $4,262.6 $4,392.3 $129.7
TOTAL $3,771.4 $2,930.4 $2,813.2 $4,262.6 $4,392.3 $129.7
14-67
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SUPER FUND
Management and Support
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE »
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL:
Office of Inspector $12,348.5 $14,954.0 $14,954.0 $14,954.0 $16,428.0 $1,474.0
General
Hazardous Substance $115,743.5 $116,309.6 $102,439.5 $102,881.4 $117,921.5 $15,040.1
Superfund
Management and Support TOTAL $128,092.0 $131,263.6 $117,393.5 $117,835.4 $134,349.5 $16,514.1
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance - 92.3 100.9 100.9 97.9 100.9 3.0
Financial Management -
Regions
Hazardous Substance 49.4 50.6 50.6 50.6 48.6 -2.0
Administrative
Management -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance 84.9 68.8 68.8 67.1 68.8 1.7
Administrative
Management - Regions
Hazardous Substance 9.3 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0
Legal Services -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance 17.7 25.9 25.9 23.8 25.9 2.1
Legal Services -
Regions
Hazardous Substance- 11.1 13.1 12.6 12.6 12.6
Office of Policy,
Planning And Evaluation
Hazardous Substance 55.6 57.9 57.9 57.9 57.9
Financial Management -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance- 13.9 13.9 13.9 13.9 13.9
Office of the
Comptroller
Hazardous Substance - 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8
Management and Support
Development - Lab
Support
Hazardous Substance- 4.2 11.4 11.9 11.9 11.9
Office of the
Administrator
Hazardous Substance- 70.0 95.8 95.8 95.8 156.0 60.2
Office of the Inspector
General
Hazardous Substance - 115.6 U0.2 140.2 118.2 118.2
14-68
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SUPER FUND
Management and Support
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance •
Contracts and Grants -
Regions
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
70.4 57.0 57.0 74.5 81.0 6.5
596.2 649.3 649.3 638.0 709.5 71.5
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance -
Financial Management -
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management - Regions
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services •
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Regions
Hazardous Substance-
Office of Policy,
Planning And Evaluation
Hazardous Substance
95.8 100.9 100.9 100.9 100.9
50.6 50.6 50.6 50.6 48.6
92.6 68.8 68.8 68.8 68.8
9.3 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0
18.6 25.9 25.9 25.9 25.9
11.7 13.1 12.6 12.6 12.6
57.9 57.9 57.9 57.9 57.9
-2.0
Financial Management -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance-
Office of the
Comptroller
Hazardous Substance -
Management and Support
Development - Lab
Support
Hazardous Substance-
Office of the
Administrator
Hazardous Substance-
Office of the Inspector
General
Hazardous Substance -
Contracts and Grants -
Headquarters
14.1 13.9 13.9 13.9 13.9
1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8
1.8
4.2 11.4 11.9 11.9 11.9
70.6 95.8 95.8 95.8 156.0 60.2
118.3 140.2 140.2 118.2 118.2
14-69
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SUPER FUND
Management and Support
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance - 71.8 57.0 57.0 79.0 81.0 2.0
Contracts and Grants -
Regions
TOTAL UORKYEARS 617.3 649.3 649.3 649.3 709.5 60.2
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SUPERFUND
Management and Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $134,349,500 and 709.5 total workyears in
1993, an increase of $16,514,100 and 60.2 total workyears from 1992. Of the
total request, $117,921,500 is for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
Appropriation, and $16,428,000 is for the Inspector General Appropriation. This
represents an increase of $15,040,100 for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
Appropriation, and $1,474,000 for the Inspector General Appropriation from 1992.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,407,700 supported by 57.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $530,600 in the Hazardous
Substance Superfund Appropriation due to Congressional actions not sustained in
1993. This represents no increase in total workyears over 1992 and reflects the
transfer of IFMS funds to Nationwide Support. The program will continue to
provide the level of Headquarters financial management support necessary to
ensure the financial integrity of Superfund site-specific cost accounting data.
This encompasses the review and reconciliation of Headquarters site-specific
documents as they are being processed to assure that the information is accurate
as well as to assure that it is entered into the Integrated Financial Management
System accurately. It also includes monitoring Headquarters costs charged to
site-specific accounts by EPA employees, other Federal agencies, state and local
governments, and commercial entities to ensure that amounts are properly
documented and within budget. A major focus of the program is supporting the
cost recovery efforts which include establishing, maintaining and reconciling
Superfund data site files. The program will also calculate and apply indirect
cost rates to assure that full Agency costs are charged to sites and claimed in
cost recovery actions. In addition, the program will provide for basic.financial
services including payroll support, invoice and voucher processing, reports
preparation, and funds control for Headquarters.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,877,100 supported by 57.9
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. These resources provide for basic financial services
and the implementation of an automated document collection and retrieval system
that is necessary to maintain pace with the increased requests for cost
documentation. These resources also provide for the establishment of current
cost documentation files in Headquarters so that costs claimed in cost recovery
litigation can be supported immediately. This is particularly important in
bankruptcy cases where time is of the essence. In the past, an extensive manual
file search has been necessary to gather documents that support costs being
14-71
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claimed. In addition, these resources provide for an enhanced level of review
and reconciliation to ensure the integrity of Headquarters charges posted against
site-specific accounts in the Integrated Financial Management System.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $10,425,800 supported by 57.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Super-
fund appropriation. These resources provided for site-specific accounting
support and preparation of cost recovery documentation,and for the design and
purchase of an automated document collection and retrieval system for the cost
recovery program. Also provided were basic financial services for the Superfund
program such as payroll and invoice processing.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,993,000 supported by 100.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,012,000 from 1992 and reflects
Congressional actions not sustained in 1993. This will provide for the
collection and verification of regional cost documentation and the reconciliation
of these documents with the Integrated Financial Management System on a current
basis. A cost documentation .file will be maintained in each Region as costs are
incurred rather than gathering documentation at a later date. This allows
immediate respond for documentation associated in bankruptcy cases as well as
assures that all documents needed for protracted negotiation or litigation are
available when requested. Also included are resources necessary to provide basic
financial services to the Regional Superfund program for payroll and voucher
processing, funds control and reporting for management and program purposes.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,981,000 supported by 100.9
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. These resources support the enhanced Regional Superfund
financial activities, specifically rhe cost documentation file.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $6,360,100 supported by 95.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. With these resources, the Regional financial management
offices provided site-specific accounting support and gathered regional cost
documentation as requested by Regional counsel when cases entered the negotiation
or litigation phases. Also provided were basic financial services for the
Regional Superfund program, such as payroll and invoice processing and reporting.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT • HEADQUARTERS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,907,300 supported by 48.6 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Response
Superfund appropriation. This represents an increase of $322,700 in the
Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation due to Congressional actions not
sustained in 1993. The decrease in total workyears reflects the transfer of 2.0
workyears from Headquarters Human Resources Management to the Regions to support
the Regional Contracting Program. We will continue to effectively manage
automated systems, provide recruitment, staffing, classification, and training
activities, provide sufficient facilities management to support the overall
Superfund program, and provide management and organizational analyses to
strengthen the Superfund management processes. We will develop health and safety
training courses, implement specialized medical monitoring programs, and verify
through technical support and environmental audits that Superfund waste handled
by EPA Laboratories is disposed in accordance with the off-site disposal
requirements of the statute.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,584,600 supported by 50.6
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Response Superfund appropriation. These resources enable the program to provide
centralized administrative and management services to Superfund activities.
We will provide human resource services including recruitment, staffing,
classification and training support, and provide management and organizational
analyses to strengthen Superfund management processes. These resources will
provide technical support, guidance, training, and oversight to ensure that
Superfund waste from EPA labs is properly managed. We also plan to create a
database on protective clothing to enhance the health and safety of our
employees. Resources will be used to revise or develop information systems
including systems to track hazardous substance release at Federal Facilities, and
the administrative/financial systems used to manage the Superfund Program.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $3,498,700 supported by 50.6 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Response Superfund appropriation. These resources enabled the Agency to maintain
all automated Superfund information systems. The Agency completed environmental
audits at EPA laboratories to document the procedures for the disposal of
Superfund waste. We provided training to EPA labs on these requirements. We
also refined health and safety standards and procedures, and maintained and
supported the Agency human resources requirements of the Superfund program staff.
We also supported the establishment of a college relations program directed
toward minority institutions of higher education, supported the Agency's cultural
diversity analysis and the implementation of TQM at EPA. We managed a wide array
of contracted management assistance tasks that served to enhance the
effectiveness of that Superfund program's management processes.
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,430,300 supported by 68.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $82,800 from 1992 and reflects
Agency reprogrammings not sustained in 1993. Regional administrative management
activities will include: continuing recruitment of personnel to work in the area
of hazardous waste, assuring a reliable health and safety and environmental
compliance program, providing adequate ADP technical assistance to support the
site-specific record keeping requirements of the Superfund program and improved
information systems for EPA and state operations.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,513,100 supported by 68.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. These resources provide Regional Superfund
administrative support services for personnel, health and safety, environmental
compliance of EPA facilities, and information management activities. The program
is placing special emphasis on efforts to recruit properly qualified personnel
and to provide for the intense and specialized training needs of Superfund
employees. Increased efforts are also underway in the area of information
resources management to efficiently respond to increasing program demands for
staff support.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $4,352,100 supported by 92.6 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. These resources provided a full complement of
administrative management services to the Regional Superfund program, including
contracting and procurement, personnel, health and safety, and information
management activities.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTRACTS AND GRANTS MANAGEMENT - HEADOUAP.TERS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,122,200 supported by 118.2 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,016,700 in the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation due to Congressional actions not sustained in
1993. This represents no increase in total workyears over 1992. These resources
will provide for .award and management of a large number of complex contracts,
grants, cooperative and interagency agreements, as well as provide support for
Superfund enforcement efforts and continued implementation of the Superfund long-
term contracting strategy. Quality control over contracts with increasingly high
obligation amounts includes the development and implementation of strong conflict
of interest guidelines and procedures. Resources will allow continued
improvements in Superfund contract management initiatives and provide effective
assistance and contracts management through greater outreach to the Regions and
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states; ensure a more aggressive Superfund cost-recovery documentation effort;
provide critical financial monitoring; support more oversight, training and
technical assistance to our Federal partners; and develop and refine policy
guidance and procedures for more complex procurement needs and cooperative and
interagency agreements and new grant programs. In Grants management, we will
continue to increase efforts to combat fraud, waste and abuse in Superfund
Federal assistance and procurement programs and implement the training curriculum
for Regional grant personnel.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $8,105,500 supported by 118.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. We will continue to effectively award and manage
increasing numbers of contracts as well as assure quality control over contracts
with high obligation amounts provide critical financial monitoring and carry out
the Superfund long-term contracting strategy. In grants management, we will
implement the final Superfund regulation and continue to award and manage
Superfund cooperative agreements, grants and Superfund Interagency Agreements,
develop suspension and debarment cases, implement an automated Superfund
Interagency Management System, develop a training curriculum for Regional grant
personnel and develop a handbook for state and local governments on administering
the Superfund program.
1991 Accomplishments •
The Agency allocated a total of $7,701,300 supported by 118.3 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. The major accomplishments in this program area included
improvements in contract planning, award, management, and automated processing
of contracts and small purchases and the formulation of the long-term contracting
strategy. Resources were used to provide more oversight training and technical
assistance to our Federal partners. In addition, grants management implemented
the final Superfund Regulation and continued to increase our efforts to combat
fraud, waste and abuse in Superfund Federal Assistance.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTRACTS AND GRANTS MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,392,300 supported by 81.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $129,700 and 2.0 total workyears
from 1992 and reflects the transfer of workyears from Headquarters to support the
Regional Contracts Program. This program provides the Regional Superfund program
offices with procurement and contracts management support for the remedial and
removal programs. The Superfund Regional Contracting Officer program will
continue to provide the Regional Superfund Program offices with essential
contracting expertise needed to manage the existing contracts and place new
contracts for the emergency and remedial response programs. Documentation and
strong management and financial controls will be critical for enforcement and
cost recovery efforts. The grants program awards, administers and manages
complex Superfund cooperative and interagency agreements and grants for emergency
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and remedial response activities. Special emphasis will be placed on
accountability and ensuring that every Superfund assistance award complies with
regulatory and policy requirements and that recipients have the financial,
procurement and property systems to account for and safeguard Federal funds.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocated a total of $4,262,600 and 79.0 total
workyears from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. These resources
provided the Regional Superfund program offices with procurement and contracts
management support for the remedial and removal programs and grants management
to effectively award, administer and manage Superfund cooperative and interagency
agreements. The Regional Grants Management offices will also finalize
implementation of an automated grant document and an Interagency Agreement
Management System.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency allocated a total of $3,771,400 and 71.8 total workyears
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. These resources provided
the Regional Superfund program offices with procurement and contracts management
support for the remedial and removal programs and grants management to
effectively award, administer and manage Superfund cooperative and interagency
agreements. The major accomplishment in this program was the award and
administration of removal and remedial contracts in response to Regional site
clean-up needs.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPPORT SERVICES - NATIONWIDE/HEADQUARTERS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $44,376,200 for this program, $42,952,200 of
which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund Appropriation and $1,424,000
for the Inspector General appropriation. This represents an increase of
$7,855,700 in the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation and an increase of
$636,000 in the Inspector General appropriation from 1992. The increase provides
for the Superfund portion of the GSA rent increase and the increase in FTS costs.
The increase in the Inspector General appropriation provides for increased
support costs as a result of new IG workyears. It also reflects Congressional
actions not sustained in 1993. These resources will fund the Hazardous Substance
Response program's share of Headquarters and Agency-wide costs. These costs will
include: facilities rental. Federal Telecommunications System, revisions and
development of information systems, utilities, local telephone services, printing
and copying, postage, other building and office services and health and safety
training.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a.total of $35,884,500 for this program,
of which $35,096,500 is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation and
$788,000 from the Inspector General appropriation. These resources fund Agency-
wide support costs such as facilities rental, FTS, utilities, local telephone and
other related services.
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1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $37,461,200 for this program, of
which $36,692,200 was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation and
$769,000 from the Inspector General appropriation. These resources were the
Superfund program's share of the Agency management and support costs needed to
support Agency-wide operations, which included facilities rental costs,
utilities, telephone charges, and other services.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPPORT SERVICES - REGIONS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $18,431,300 for this program, all of which
will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund Appropriation. This represents an
increase of $1,934,100 from 1992 and reflects Congressional actions not sustained
in 1993. This will support the operation of the Hazardous Substance Response
program and will cover utilities, local telephone service, printing and copying,
minicomputer operations, equipment maintenance, Regional moves, and all other
support services related to the Superfund program activities in the Regions.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $16,496,900 for this program,
all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This
program provides for utilities, local telephone service, printing and copying,
minicomputer operations, equipment maintenance, and all other support services
related to the Superfund program activities in the Regions.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $23,225,500 for this program, all
of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This program
provided for utilities, local telephone service, printing and copying,
minicomputer operations, equipment maintenance, and all other support services
related to the Superfund program activities in the Regions.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE AUTOMATED DATA PROCESSING SUPPORT
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,729,800 for this program, all of which
will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This represents an
increase of $2,435,000 in the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation due to
Congressional actions not sustained in 1993. These resources will provide
computing services to the Hazardous Substance Response Program by the Agency's
National Computer Center in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina and the Data
Center in Cincinnati, Ohio. These fund a portion of the Center's costs for
equipment, telecommunications, operating software purchases, maintenance and
facility operations.
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1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating $7,294,800 for this program, all of which
is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This provides computer
services to the Hazardous Substance Response Program.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $10,986,600 for this program, all
of which was from Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. The program
provided computer services to the Hazardous Substance Response program.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LEGAL SERVICES - HEADQUARTERS
1993 Program Request
In 1993, the Agency requests a total of $746,900 supported by 12.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents a decrease of $130,700 and no change
in total workyears from 1992. The decrease reflects, in part, a reallocation of
resources to the Regions, and will primarily impact support costs.
The Office of General Counsel (OGC) will provide legal advice and
consultation on matters related to the implementation of the Superfund program.
The OGC will support the Agency's promulgation of rules, establishment of policy
and preparation of guidance documents for program implementation and enforcement
of the Superfund program. This includes legal support to financial and
administrative operation of Superfund, including contract lav, audits,
cooperative agreements and FOIA. The OGC handles Superfund litigation in which
the Agency is a defendant.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $877,600 supported by 12.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. The OGC is providing advice and consultation on
guidance on program and enforcement matters such as interpretation of the
statute, development of regulations, and changes to the National Contingency
Plan; and defense of the Agency in any litigation brought against it concerning
CERCLA.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $936,800 supported by 9.3 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. The OGC provided legal guidance in program and
enforcement matters such as statutory interpretation, development of response
priorities, review of proposed regulatory actions, and defense of the Agency
.where litigation had been brought against it concerning CERCLA.
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LEGAL SERVICES•- REGIONS
1993 Program Request
In 1993, the Agency requests a total of $1,393,100 supported by 25.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund Appropriation. This represents an increase of $46,600 and no charge
in total workyears from 1992. The Offices of Regional Counsel will provide legal
advice and consultation on matters related to the implementation of the Superfund
program to the Regional Administrators, Regional Superfund managers and State
agencies. Principal activities will be the defense of the Agency in CERCLA
litigation filed against it, participation in formal administrative proceedings,
review of state cooperative agreements, activities relating to access by the
public to EPA held information, development of the administrative record for the
selection of cleanup remedies, legal support to program response activities, and
the provision of a wide variety of legal counsel and advice to Regional state and
local program officials.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,346,500 supported by 25.9
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund Appropriation. The Offices of Regional Counsel will continue to
represent the Agency in regional defensive litigation concerning Superfund. In
addition, the Offices of Regional Counsel will provide legal assistance by
reviewing state cooperative agreements for legal sufficiency; advising state
agencies regarding the legal requirements of the Superfund program; determining
eligible uses of the Fund; and .advising on the treatment of requests for EPA held
information.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $1,058,000 supported by 18.6 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. The Offices of Regional Counsel provided EPA and state
agencies with legal advice and consultation on matters related to the
implementation of CERCLA. Principal activities of the Offices of the Regional
Counsel included the conduct of defensive litigation, legal review of cooperative
agreements with states for site cleanup, and general legal support to the
Superfund program in the Regions.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,004,000 supported by 156.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for Hazardous Substance Trust
Fund portion of the Inspector General appropriation. This represents an increase
of $838,000 and 60.2 total workyears.
The OIG .conducts and supervises independent and objective audits and
investigations of the programs and operations of Superfund. These activities
include (1) financial reviews of contractors and States and (2) performance
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audits of the program's administration. In addition, the Superfund Amendments
and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986 requires the OIG, on an annual basis, to '
(1) audit all payments, obligations, reimbursements, or other uses of the Trust
Fund in the prior fiscal year; (2) audit claims; (3) examine a sample of
agreements with States carrying out response actions,- (4) examine remedial
investigations and feasibility studies prepared for remedial actions; (5) submit
to Congress an annual report on the above activities; and (6) review EPA's annual
progress report to Congress for reasonableness and accuracy, with a report on the
results of the review to be part of the Agency report.
Our audit operations will include the audits and reviews required by SARA
in five major areas; (1) policy and program management, (2) remedial cleanup
activities, (3) removal responses, (4) enforcement, and (5) program support
initiatives. We will honor requests for cost audits of contracts, cooperative
and interagency agreements and cost recovery actions. We will use scientific and
engineering specialists in hazardous waste remediation to assist us in
independently reviewing technical aspects of the program, including remedial
investigation and feasibility studies, as well as key technical decisions in the
remedial, removal, and enforcement programs.
During 1993, the OIG will continue the wide-ranging audit coverage described
above, but will focus on the cross-program initiative of financial and management
integrity (including procurement and contract management, financial management,
and internal control). We will redirect extramural resources to expand our in-
house audit capacity. This shift in resources will allow us to hire additional
OIG auditors and improve our ability to efficiently and effectively respond to
audit priorities. We will develop and maintain in-house expertise oh Superfund
contracts such as the Alternative Remedial Contract Strategy (ARCS) contracts and
subcontracts (estimated value of $6.6 billion) so that we can best manage the
overall contracts audit program. OIG audits of procurement and contract
management will be expanded to provide greater assurance that EPA's extensive
contract dollars are used effectively and efficiently. Also, we will expand
audits of financial management to ensure the Agency accounting systems and
financial reports are useful and reliable. The Chief Financial Officers Act
addresses longstanding Congressional and Administration concerns about financial
management deficiencies in the federal government which must be corrected. We
are committed to auditing the Agency's financial statements.
In conjunction with the Agency's Financial and Management Integrity
initiative, we will broaden investigations in the procurement area by creating
a new division totally dedicated to this initiative. We will also conduct more
procurement-related employee integrity investigations and address an increased
number of procurement-related audit referrals. This represents a significant
redirection of effort in our investigative plan as compared with 1992, when our
most significant Superfund initiative was the Contract Laboratory Program (CLP).
we are still committed to completing any CLP investigations remaining in
inventory and to address new CLP investigations on a limited basis. In addition,
we will develop other Superfund initiatives, such as potentially responsible
parties, as resources permit. Additional resources will also be devoted to
audits and investigations of the management and integrity (accuracy and
reliability) of scientific data crucial to EPA's accomplishment of its mission.
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1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total $14,166,000 supported by 95.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Trust Fund appropriation. These resources enable the Office of Inspector General
to continue meeting the statutory requirements placed on it by Congress in the
Superfund reauthorization. These annual requirements include (1) auditing
payments, obligations, reimbursements or other uses of the funds; (2) examining
a sample of agreements with states carrying out response actions; (3) examining
remedial investigations and feasibility studies; (4) reviewing the
Administrator's status report on all remedial and enforcement actions; and (5)
reviewing the Administrator's estimate of the amount of resources necessary for
EPA to complete the implementation of its Superfund responsibilities. The OIG
will increase its program of external financial audits performed by public
accounting firms and other Government audit agencies as well as operate an
internal performance audit program to examine the economy, efficiency, and
effectiveness of the Fund's management. It will investigate referrals of
suspected criminal activity and increase its proactive investigative work in
areas with high potential for criminal prosecution, especially in the procurement
and potentially responsible party areas. The OIG will also expand its training
for its staff and Agency employees in the identification of indicators of
possible wrongdoing.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $11,579,500 supported by 71.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Trust
Fund appropriation. During 1991, the OIG issued 75 audit reports on Superfund
activities. Performance audits focused on the timeliness of actions needed to
ensure completion of Superfund cleanups, the accuracy of remedial action starts
at National Priorities List hazardous waste sites reported to Congress, and the
reliability of financial reporting and accounting for Superfund disbursements,
obligations, and receivables. Superfund audits questioned and recommended cost
efficiencies totalling $197.3 million of the approximately $602.2 million
audited. New investigative initiatives in the Superfund Contract Laboratory
Program identified a significant and wide-spread vulnerability of fraudulent
analysis in the testing of hazardous substances which could present a danger to
public health, result in unnecessary expenditure for cleanup, or hinder
collection efforts from responsible parties. In 1991, investigations of the
contract laboratories resulted in over 20 indictments and fines and settlements
totaling $4.3 million.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF POLICY. PLANNING. AND EVALUATION
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,409,500 supported by 12.6 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $21,300 from 1992.
With these resources, the Office of Policy Analysis (OPA) will continue
policy development and economic analysis in hazardous waste remediation focusing
on: (1) overall analysis of the environmental and economic impacts, feasibility,
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and effectiveness of the proposed policy, regulation and legislation; (2) waste1
management and remediation incentives/disincentives created by Superfund policy,
regulation and legislation; and (3) roles of the sites, localities, and private
sector in hazardous waste remediation and response. OPA also will continue to
make a contribution in the Superfund reauthorization debate as it did in 1980 and
1986 with economic analysis and policy recommendations on future funding, needs,
imposition of Superfund taxes and projected revenues, as well as make new
contributions in the areas of transaction costs and direct and indirect impacts
of Superfund at non-National Priority List sites. In addition, OPA will pursue
special studies in several critical areas — evaluation of policy choices
associated with Superfund emergency planning and new Clean Air Act programs aimed
at the prevention of chemical releases; characterization of the costs and
benefits of the Superfund program; research and analysis of state remediation
programs to enhance their capability; and examination of an integrated statutory
and regulatory framework for waste management and remediation, including capacity
and economic impacts of waste remediation efforts.
The Office of Regulatory Management and Evaluation (ORME) will manage the
development process for Superfund regulations and policies, and conduct
evaluations of the Superfund program as needed. The risk communication program
will continue to fund empirical research on hazardous substance issues and will
provide risk communication training and technical assistance to staff involved
with Superfund issues.
The Office of Strategic Planning and Environmental Data (OSPED), formerly
the Office of Pollution Prevention (OPP), will initiate and enable the
development and implementation of EPA's strategic planning process through policy
guidance, networking and technical assistance to the Superfund program, Regions,
and states. It will assess Superfund plans, and track relationship of those
plans to budget formulation. It will operate Agency-wide management systems and
track and assess progress of Superfund program implementation in terms of
activity and environmental results. In addition OSPED will provide a centralized
source of Superfund status trend data collected from a variety of sources within
and external to the Agency. It will provide assistance to the Superfund program
on statistical design and analysis, and will publish extensive guidance on the
application of composite sampling to Superfund sites, which should lead to Agency
savings in clean-up costs.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,388,200 supported by 12.6
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
OPA is continuing policy development and economic analysis in hazardous
waste remediation focusing on (1) overall analysis of the environmental and
economic impacts, feasibility and effectiveness of the Superfund policies,
regulation or proposed legislation, (2) waste management and remediation
incentives/disincentives created by Superfund regulation, and (3) roles of the
states, localities and private sector in hazardous waste remediation and
response. OPA also is contributing to the Superfund reauthorization debate with
economic analysis and policy recommendations on future funding needs, imposition
of Superfund taxes and projected revenues. OPA is pursuing special studies
including an evaluation of the nature and extent of the private party transaction
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costs associated with the current liability-based approach, an analysis of policy
choices associated with Superfund emergency planning and new Clean Air Act
programs aimed at the prevention of chemical releases, analysis of hazardous
waste management capacity and an examination of an integrated statutory and
regulatory framework for waste management and remediation.
ORME is managing the development process for Superfund regulations and
policies, and conducting evaluations of the Superfund program as needed. Risk
communication staff are providing technical assistance on Superfund
communications issues, offering risk communication training to Superfund staff,
and continuing to support ongoing research on the communications implications of
hazardous substance issues. ORME is providing statistical support to the
Superfund program including construction of composite sampling designs for
Superfund site evaluation, development of techniques for the integration and
merging of complex data sets, and the development of spatial statistical
methodologies of assessing the extent of residual contamination of partially
cleaned Superfund sites. It will publish the "Compendium of Environmental
Statistics" which will include data for the Superfund program. With publication
of two volumes on statistical methods for the investigation of hazardous waste
sites, ORME is completing its pioneering handbook series for the Superfund
program.
OPP is operating and refining both the Strategic Targeted Activities for
Results System (STARS) and the Action Tracking System (ATS), and maintaining the
Agency-wide strategic planning process to establish environmental goals and
develop operating guidance. It is providing analytic support for Superfund
programs to address specific problems in program delivery. Working with
Headquarters and Regions, it is developing applications of computer-aided
analysis of environmental data such as screening sites for Superfund. OPP is
furthering the development of Superfund indicators, incorporating selected
indicators in Records-of-Decision, and other key Superfund activities. Major
attention is being given to applications in reporting, Superfund decision-making,
pollution, and incorporation of indicators in STARS.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $3,223,100 supported by 11.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
OPA provided analysis to support the renewed strategy for Superfund (e.g.,
worst sites first and enhanced enforcement) and identified issues for Superfund
reauthorization. Studies were conducted using historical data to identify and
quantify the indirect benefits of Superfund, to evaluate remedial action,
contractor indemnification and municipal cost allocation, and to characterize the
risk and types of industrial, non-hazardous waste that can end up in Superfund
sites.
ORME managed the regulatory development process and conducted a review of
the Chemical Emergency Preparedness Program. The risk communication program
initiated follow-up research on public knowledge and perceptions of chemical
risks. The results of this research will provide an expanded basis for planning
and evaluating Superfund risk communication efforts. Staff also provided
technical assistance to ongoing Superfund communications efforts (e.g., by
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designing evaluations of specific informational pamphlets) and provided risk?
communication training for Superfund staff. In addition, ORME increased the
number of practical statistical methods courses offered to the Agency and gave
special attention to the Superfund needs of Regions I, IX, and X. It published
a directory of sources for environmental statistics including information related
to the Superfund program and provided information on Superfund environmental
statistics to international organizations.
OPP followed up on the Superfund environmental indicator development work
completed in 1990, with special emphasis on developing measures of ecological
health.
JUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF THE
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 51,081,000 supported by 13.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $80,100 in the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation due to Congressional actions not sustained in 1993 .
There is no increase in total workyears over 1992. These resources will support
the preparation of the Agency's budget submissions to the Office of Management
and Budget (OMB) and Congress, response to Congressional inquiries, analysis and
review of major issues concerning workload and pricing models, analysis of on-
going resource issues related to the operation and management of the Trust Fund
and internal controls of Superfund finances.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,000,900 and 13.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. These resources support on-going budget activities,
responses to Congressional inquiries and analysis of on-going resource issues.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $882,700 and 14.1 total workyears
for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. The Office of the Comptroller coordinated and prepared the OMB
and Congressional budget submissions, responded to Congressional inquiries, and
provided fund oversight activities including on-going resource reviews for the
Superfund program.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - EXECUTIVE OFFICES
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,063,500 supported by 11.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $245,700 from 1992. These
resources will include support for: the National Environmental Service Officer
(NESO) located within the Office of Regional Operations/State and Local
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Relations. The NESO will conduct management reviews of Environmental Services
Divisions (ESDs); develop Headquarters guidance to ensure efficiency in the
utilization of resources and improve planning and procurement systems; represent
ESDs in the Superfund program planning and budget activities including workload
model development; ensure Superfund policies are effectively communicated to
ESDs; schedule and convene quarterly ESDs conferences; plan, schedule and convene
meetings of the Superfund Analytical Services Advisory Committee; evaluate
options for securing the most effective lab support to meet Superfund goals; and
review ESD lab capabilities and their cost effectiveness. In addition, the
Office of the Administrator will continue to use existing, and develop new,
communication vehicles to exchange information on acute hazardous, National
Priority List (NPL) site activity, emergency planning, chemical release
information, and enforcement activity. The Office will also continue to work
closely with the Regions and newly established emergency response commissions and
local emergency planning committees, and other citizen groups in site activities.
Also, grants training will be funded for small and minority contractors for
cleanup areas and we will continue to carry out Circular A-3 publications and A-
114 Audiovisual review responsibilities for new Superfund program publication and
audiovisual products.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,309,200 supported by 11.9
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. The NESO will continue to provide the ESDs with
Headquarters policy guidance, oversight, and management support, in areas
affecting both ESDs and Superfund; maintain constant liaison with the program
offices and ESDs to facilitate their cooperation and participation in meeting the
objectives of the Superfund program in the identification of hazardous waste
sites and in the management of any potential risks from these sites. In
addition-, the Office of the Administrator is supporting the regions and assisting
states and localities with plans to respond to chemical emergencies. The Office
is playing a critical role in exchanging information with local health
professionals, public safety officials, local government and State government
officials. A wide variety of communications support including speech
preparation, publications development and distribution, fact sheet preparation
and graphic slide presentations and other general response briefings and
communications vehicles are being provided. Also, training is being provided for
small and minority contractors for cleanup areas. Emphasis will be placed on
participation with the State Implementation Work Group, the National Resources
Damage Claim Work Group, the State Hazardous Waste Capacity Plan Work Group, and
the Communications Planning Work Group. The Agency's relationship with Congress
as it relates to the Superfund program, including coordinating briefings,
organizing EPA participation in oversight hearings, and responding to a wide
variety of information requests from individual members and staff will be
strengthened.
Congressional Directives. A total of $300,000 is for the Congressionally
directed project'for training grants for small, minority contractors.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $938,900 supported by 4.2 total
workyears, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
14-85
-------
The Office coordinated the identification of inactive sites with other Federal
agencies; provided a wide variety of communication support, including the
development of fact sheets and publications; and worked on information exchange
with State and local governments. In addition, the program provided the ESDs
with policy guidance, oversight, and management support; identified hazardous
waste sites, provided sample and site tracking and developed a national equipment
planning and procurement process for ESDs to meet superfund and other Agency
needs. And provided Congressionally directed training for small, minority
contractors.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
1993 Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,861,400 supported by 1.8 total workyears
for 1993, an increase of $ 114,500 and no change in total workyears over the 1992
level. All of the request will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. The increase in funding is related to providing the fair share
of facility operation and maintenance for the remote research and development
laboratories where Hazardous Substance work is being preformed.
1992 Budget
The Agency is allocating a total of $1,746,900 supported by 1.8 total
workyears for this program element. All of the request will be for the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation.
1991 Budget
The Agency obligated a total of $1,690,300 supported by 1.8 total workyears
for this program element. All of the request will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
-------
15. L.U.S.T.
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS 15-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
LUST Research 15-6
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
LUST Guidelines and Implementation 15-10
ENFORCEMENT
LUST Legal Enforcement 15-13
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Management and Support 15-15
Policy and Analysis - Office of Policy, Planning and
Evaluation 15-17
Administrative Management - Headquarters 15-17
Administrative Management - Regions 15-18
Legal Services - Office of General Counsel 15-18
LUST - Office of the Inspector General 15-19
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK
ACTUAL FRES. ENACTED
1991 BUDGET . 1992
1992
CURRENT . REQUEST
ESTIMATE 1993
1992
INCREASE •
DECREASE -
1993 VS 1992
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
Office of Inspector
General
TOTAL, Leaking Underground
Storage Tank Trust
366,8*6.0 385,000.0 375.000.0 375,000.0 375,000.0
3130.9 S623.0 S623.0 3623.0 3636.0 313.0
S66.976.9 385,623.0 375.623.0 375,623.0 S75.636.0
S13.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
79.9
84.5
94.9
94.9
94.9
9*.9
90.9
94.9
99.9
99.9
366,001.8 391.403.0 387.404.0 387,404.0 387.389.9
9.0
5.0
-314.1
The Superfund Amendments and Reauthonzation Act (SARA) of 1966.
as amended, established the Leaking Underground Storage Tanics
Trust Fund and authorizes a total of such sums as may be necessary
to be appropriated to this fund from 1992 to 1996.
15-1
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK
DIFFERENCE
PRES. CURRENT
BUDGET ENACTED ESTIMATE ENACTED VS EST. VS EST. VS
1992 1992 1992 PRES. BUD PRES. BUD ENACTED
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
Office of Inspector
General
TOTAL, Leaking Underground
Storage Tank Trust
S85,000.0 S75,000.0 S75,000.0-S10,000.0 -S10.000.0
S623.0 S623.0 S623.0
S85,623.0 S75,623.0 S75,623.0-S10,000.0 -S10,000.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
94.9
94.9
94.9
94.9
90.9
94.9
-4.0
-4.0
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
Changes were made to the program to reflect mandated Congressional
reductions and adds.
Inspector General
No change to the program.
15-2
-------
MEDIA BRIDGE TABLE
(dollars in thousands)
LEAKING UNDERGROUND
STORAGE TANK
PIG LUST TOTAL
1992 CURRENT ESTIMATE: $623 $75,000 $75,623
Changes by Category:
Workforce Costs ( + /-) $0 $1,132 $1.132
Legislative Initiatives (+/-) $0 $0 $0
Program Initiatives ( + /-) $0 $0 $0
Discontinuation of Specific
Increases to FY 1992 Request (-) $0 $0 $0
Other (+/-) $13 -$1,132 -$1.119
1993 REQUEST: $636 $75,000 $75.636
15-3
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS TRUST FUND
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The purpose of the Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUST) program is to
ensure rapid and effective responses to releases from underground storage tanks
containing petroleum and other hazardous substances. The program operates under
the authority of Subtitle I of the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984,
as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986. The LUST
program's objective is to enhance state and local enforcement and response
through technical and financial assistance.
The Agency's strategy is to encourage the development of comprehensive LUST
programs in all states and territories through cooperative agreements. EPA will
continue to develop and disseminate improved implementation tools, methods, and
systems to the states. These projects will focus on the remedial side of the
program, including closures, site assessments, and corrective actions. With
respect to financial responsibility requirements, 43 states have developed
financial assurance funds to assist tank owner/operators in complying with the
requirements. In FY 93, the Agency will continue to work with the remaining
states to develop funds as part of an overall program effort to ensure
owner/operator compliance.
By 1993, all state LUST programs will have developed response and
enforcement capabilities. As the phased-in deadlines for meeting leak detection
requirements pass, an increasing number of tank releases will be identified and
reported. The state programs, supported under the LUST cruse fund, will continue
to emphasize finding responsible parties and performing the necessary compliance
and enforcement work to get them to undertake corrective action. The Agency will
also continue to provide national guidance, and scientific and management support
to the states.
Streamline the Corrective Action Process
Based on private industry's concept of a "franchise" model, the Agency
seeks to identify areas where improvements can be made within state programs and
works with the states individually to provide the technical assistance and
training necessary to implement these improvements. In 1993 the corrective
action process will continue to be examined in an effort to streamline the
process both from an administrative and technical standpoint.
Emphasize Compliance Using Enforcement Tools
The Agency will continue to develop and evaluate tools to improve the
states' ability to achieve timely responses by owners/operators to releases from
leaking underground storage tanks, containing petroleum and other hazardous
substances. These efforts will ensure that owner/operator responses are in
compliance with their prescribed corrective action requirements. The Regional
program staff, in conjunction with the Regional legal staff, will provide legal
and technical assistance in support of state enforcement activities to enhance
voluntary compliance with corrective action and financial responsibility
requirements.
-------
Continue Efficient Management Support ' .
EPA will continue to assist in managing and supporting the LUST program by
providing accurate and timely financial services, effective budgeting and funds
control, efficient contracts management, and centralized personnel services.
LUST Audit Support
The Office of the Inspector General will continue to provide oversight of
the Agency and states in implementing the LUST program. The Office of the
Inspector General will conduct performance and financial audits, and
investigations to ensure that the program is being properly managed and to
identify possible deficiencies.
Utilizing the Private Sector for Essential Consulting Services
The.LUST program will continue to utilize consultant expertise in a variety
of program support functions when such expertise does not exist within the
program or when it is economically efficient to do so. Such assistance includes,
but is not limited to, financial/technical assistance in support of the
implementation of the LUST Trust Fund allocation model, and other technical
assistance relating to leak detection, site assessments, and corrective action
technologies.
15-5
-------
Research and
Devetopment
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
LUST Research ' 15-6
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
LUST Technical Support
ACTUAL
1991
PRES.
BUDGET
1992
ENACTED
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
REQUEST
1993
INCREASE +
DECREASE •
1993 VS 1992
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
LUST Research
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
$767.1 $767.9 $767.9 $767.9 $767.9
TOTAL $767.1 $767.9 $767.9 $767.9 $767.9
TOTAL:
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
LUST Technical Support TOTAL
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
LUST Research
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL UORKYEARS
LUST Research
TOTAL UORKYEARS
$767.1 $767.9 $767.9 $767.9 $767.9
$767.1 $767.9 $767.9 $767.9 $767.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
15-6
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
Principal Outputs
1993 o Preliminary evaluation of solvent extraction technology for
treating LUST sites.
o Report on the assessment of thermal desorption for treating soil
contaminated with hazardous chemicals.
o Applications handbook on in-situ treatment technologies for
treating LUST sites (SVE/air sparging/bioreacting).
o Applications handbook on ex-situ treatment technologies for
treating LUST sites (bioremediation and thermal desorption).
o FTTA commercialization of UST test facility.
1992 o Report on the Application of Low Temperature Thermal Desorption
for cleaning up LUST Sites.
o Expanded Computerized On-Line Information System for Underground
Storage Tank Technology Transfer.
o Report on the optimization of soil vapor extraction for
remediation of subsurface gasoline releases.
1991 o • Final Report on Evaluation of Volumetric Leak Detection for
Chemical USTs.
o Reference Document on Soil Vapor Extraction Technology.
o State-of-the-art updated on the application and effectiveness of
oil spill dispersants.
15-7
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST) TRUST FUND
LUST Technical Support
BUDGET REQUEST
This is a restructured program element from those identified in the 1992
Budget Request. Resources are identified at the new program element level and
not at the program issue level.
1993 Budget Request
In 1993, the Agency requests a total of $767,900 supported by 1.9 total
workyears all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST)
Trust Fund. This represents no change in funding and workyears from 1992.
1992 Budget
The Agency is allocating a total of $767,900 supported by 1.9 total
workyears for this program element all of which will be for the Leaking
Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Trust Fund.
1991 Budget
The Agency obligated a total of $767,100 supported by 1.9 total
workyears for this program element all of which will be for the Leaking
Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Trust Fund.
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
This program provides technical support to Federal, State, and local
agencies implementing" the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Trust Fund
program. This work contributes to ensuring the selection of the best
available site assessment and cleanup procedures by responsible authorities.
RESEARCH ISSUES
The sections below describe research program issues by each fiscal year.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1993 Program Request
ORD will continue to evaluate innovative and alternative cleanup
technologies (including above-ground soil treatment and subsurface zone
technologies) developed for petroleum and hazardous chemical releases under
RCRA and CERCLA to bring them within the realm of conventional technology.
Combinations of technologies will be identified and evaluated to seek optimal
cleanup procedures. Case study documentation will continue, and an engineering
analysis will be conducted. Retention and remobilization studies will be
-------
conducted, screening techniques for determining or confirming the presence of
a release and for monitoring cleanup progress and helping in the decision to
conduct further corrective action will also continue.
1992 Program
New approaches for conducting investigations at LUST sites are being
provided. The procedures include identifying what information is needed on the
subsurface environment, and released petroleum products therein, and how the
information can be used to select appropriate corrective action technologies.
The application of vacuum extraction technology (VET) to cleaning up LUST
sites is being evaluated. Engineering design, operation and performance data
will be documented to bring VET within the realm of conventional technologies.
Enhancements to VET are being evaluated at pilot scale.
LUST corrective action case histories continue to be collected and
entered into the existing Computerized On-Line Information System (COLIS).
The system will be made available to Federal, State and local UST program
managers to help select cleanup technologies based on past performance, cost
and reliability. Studies are being conducted on the retention and
remobilization of contaminants at a LUST site to develop field measurement,
screening tools and techniques for initiating cleanups and for monitoring
their progress.
1991 Accomplishments
RCRA and CERCLA cleanup technologies developed for petroleum and
hazardous chemical releases were evaluated for their applicability to
petroleum leaks from underground tanks. Demonstrations at LUST sites were
conducted. Case studies of past and on going corrective actions were
performed and the outline to a guidance document on site specific procedures
for cost-effective corrective action was prepared.
15-9
-------
Abatement and Control
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
LUST Guidelines and Implementation 15-10
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
LUST Guidelines & Implementation
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE »
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Guidelines &
Implementation - LUST
Trust Fund
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
$63,191.4 $81,412.8 $71,412.8 $71,552.4 $71,121.7 -$430.7
TOTAL $63,191.4 $81,412.8 $71,412.8 $71,552.4 $71,121.7 -$430.7
TOTAL:
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
LUST Guidelines &
Implementation
$63,191.4 $81,412.8 $71,412.8 $71,552.4 $71,121.7 -$430.7
TOTAL $63,191.4 $81,412.8 $71,412.8 $71,552.4 $71,121.7 -$430.7
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Guidelines &
Implementation - LUST
Trust Fund
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS
56.9
56.9
62.0
62.0
62.0
62.0
61.0
61.0
67.0
67.0
6.0
6.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Guidelines &
Implementation • LUST
Trust Fund
TOTAL WORKYEARS
59.5
59.5
62.0
62.0
62.0
62.0
62.0
62.0
67.0
67.0
5.0
5.0
15-10
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (LUST) TRUST FUND
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $71,121,700 supported by 67.0 total
workyears for the LUST Trust Fund appropriation.
LUST GUIDELINES AND IMPLEMENTATION
1993 Program Request
For 1993, the Agency requests a total of $71,121,700 supported by 67.0
total vorkyears for the LUST Trust Fund appropriation, a decrease of $430,700 and
an increase of 5.0 total workyears from 1992. The increase of 5.0 workyears from
1992 will be used for streamlining state corrective action processes.
In 1993, the number of sites requiring response actions will increase as
additional owners/operators install leak detection devices and as insurance
companies require testing for leaks prior to issuing insurance policies. States
will conduct site investigations based on their priority lists, require
owners/operators to take corrective action, provide oversight of these responses,
and take action when owners/operators are either unwilling or unable.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $71,552,400 supported by 62.0
workyears from the LUST Trust Fund appropriation.
The Agency continues to develop, maintain, and improve the national LUST
program system composed of state programs. In addition, the Agency continues
working with the States to improve their performance in site assessment and
corrective action. Specific projects will focus on streamlining site measurement
techniques and improving review of corrective action plans.
The Agency is maintaining the Trust Fund cooperative agreements with the
states. LUST Trust Fund monies assist .states to identify-and assess leaking tank
sites, and encourage owner/operator response.
The Regions will continue to make use of Regional Improvement Projects to
develop improved tools, methods, and systems. Projects focused on streamlining
state procedures for site closures, site assessment, and corrective action plan
reviews will be expanded.
Training courses focused on more effective, faster, and cheaper corrective
actions will be developed. Regions will sponsor an increasing number of courses
on improved technologies such as bioremediation, vapor extraction, and so'il vapor
surveying.
1991 Accomplishments ~
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $63,191,400 supported by 59.5
total workyears, all of which were from the LUST Trust.Fund appropriation.
15-11
-------
The states identified sites, encouraged owner/operator response actions,
and initiated state-lead response actions when necessary. A significant portion
of these efforts were funded by LUST Trust Fund cooperative agreements.
The Agency also conducted a number of pilot projects, jointly with the
states, to address specific implementation or administrative problems relating
to site assessments and corrective actions.
The Agency assisted the states with the development and implementation of
their response programs. EPA also provided technical assistance for the
development of cooperative agreements. States were assisted by the Agency
through the examination of key portions of state programs, including emergency
response methods and procedures for addressing releases more generally (including
program and fiscal systems).
Numerous training courses which focused on more effective, faster, and
cheaper cleanups were provided. Examples include courses in bioremediation, soil
vapor surveying, expedited site assessment, and vapor extraction.
15-12
-------
Enforcement
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
ENFORCEMENT
LUST Legal Enforcement 15-13
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
LUST Enforcement
PROGRAM
LUST • Legal
Enforcement
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
ACTUAL PRES.
1991 BUDGET
1992
ENACTED
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$289.9 $248.9 $248.9 S339.6
TOTAL S289.9 $248.9 S248.9 $339.6
REQUEST INCREASE *
1993 DECREASE •
1993 VS 1992
$438.6 $99.0
S438.6 $99. 0
TOTAL:
Leaking Underground $289.9 $248.9 $248.9 $339.6 $438.6
Storage Tanks Trust
LUST Enforcement TOTAL $289.9 $248.9 $248.9 $339.6 $438.6
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
LUST - Legal
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
LUST • Legal
Enforcement
4.4
4.4
4.9
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.1
5.1
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.8
$99.0
$99.0
7
7
TOTAL UORKYEARS
4.9
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.8
15-13
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST) TRUST FUND
LUST Legal Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests of $438,600 supported by 5.8 total workyears all for
the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund appropriation.
LUST LEGAL ENFORCEMENT
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $438,600 supported by 5.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage
Tank (LUST) Trust Fund appropriation. This represents an increase of $99,000
and no change in total workyears from 1992.
In 1993, Regional legal enforcement staff will continue to be provide
assistance to States to support enhancement of state enforcement programs.
Assistance will also be provided to States in addressing private party
cleanups and, where necessary, technical assistance will be provided to
enhance voluntary compliance with corrective action regulations and financial
responsibility requirements.
1992 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $339,600 supported by 5.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Leaking Underground
Storage Tank Trust Fund appropriation.
Regional legal enforcement resources are targeted on joint State-Federal
efforts for direct enforcement of cleanups, allowing States and local
governments to manage the majority of enforcement actions. Technical
assistance for State enforcement is being provided with minimal Federal
oversight and involvement in State enforcement programs. However, in some
instances, formal enforcement actions at the Federal level are being used to
compel response actions by recalcitrant owners and operators.
1991 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $289,900 supported by 4.9 total
workyears, all of which was from the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust
Fund appropriation.
The workload of Regional legal enforcement staff focused on providing
assistance and oversight to States by encouraging the use of informal or
expedited enforcement approaches, as well as traditional formal enforcement
approaches, in efforts to establish and enhance effective State programs.
There was a 94% increase in the number of emergency responses to leaking
underground storage tanks (UST), which led to a decrease in the number of
leaking UST cleanups initiated. Of cleanups initiated, 97 percent of response
actions taken were by responsible parties.
15-14
-------
Management
and Support
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
LUST Management & Support
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED
1991 BUDGET 1992
1992
CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE -
1992 1993 VS 1992
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
LUST-Administrative
Management
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
Legal Services - Office
of General Counsel
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
Policy & Analysis •
Office of Policy,
Planning & Evaluation
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
Office Of Inspector
General - LUST
Office of Inspector
General
TOTAL:
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
Office of Inspector
General
LUST Management &
Support
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
$2,075.6
$2,075.6
$246.0
$246.0
$276.0
$276.0
$130.9
$130.9
$2,597.6
$130.9
$2,285.3
$2,285.3
$285 . 1
$285.1
$623.0
$623.0
$2,570.4
$623.0
$2,285.3
$2,285.3
$285 . 1
$285.1
$623.0
$623.0
$2,570.4
$623.0
$1,938.6
$1,938.6
$401.5
$401.5
$623.0
$623.0
$2,340.1
$623.0
$2,285.3
$2,285.3
$386.5
$386.5
$636.0
$636.0
$2,671.8
$636.0
$346.7
$346.7
-$15.0
•$15.0
$13.0
$13.0
$331.7
$13.0
TOTAL $2,728.5 $3,193.4 $3,193.4 $2.963.1 $3,307.8
$344.7
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
LUST-Administrative
Management
Legal Services • Office
of General Counsel
Office Of Inspector
General - LUST
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
12.2
2.5
2.0
16.7
15.4
5.3
4.5
25.2
15.4
5.3
4.5
25.2
14.1
4.3
4.5
22.9
15.4
5.3
4.5
25.2
1.3
1.0
2.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
LUST-Administrative
Management
12.8
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
15-15
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
LUST Management & Support
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1991 BUDGET 1992 ESTIMATE 1993 DECREASE •
1992 1992 1993 VS 1992
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Legal Services - Office 3.4 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3
of General Counsel
Office Of Inspector 2.0 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5
General • LUST
TOTAL UORKYEARS 18.2 25.2 25.2 25.2 25.2
15-16
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (LUST) TRUST FUND
Management and Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests $3,307,800 and 25.2 total workyears for 1993, an
increase of $344,700 and no workyears. Of the request, $2,671,800 is for the
LUST Trust 'Fund Appropriation, and $636,000 is for the Inspector General
Appropriation. This represents an increase of $331,700 in LUST, and $13,000 in
IG.
LUST POLICY AND ANALYSIS • OFFICE OF POLICY. PLANNING. AND EVALUATION
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests no dollars and no workyears for this program,
representing the discontinuation of policy and analysis support chargeable to the
LUST Trust Fund.
1992 Program
The Agency requested no dollars and no workyears for this program,
representing the discontinuation of policy and analysis support chargeable to the
LUST Trust Fund.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $276,000 for this program, all of
which was from the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund appropriation.
The Office of Policy Analysis (OPA) supported the development of procedures
to increase the efficiency of Office of Underground Storage Tank (OUST) cleanups.
As part of this effort, OPA assisted the program in assessing the impacts of the
toxicity characteristic deferral on UST cleanups. In addition, OPA evaluated the
UST management model (i.e., franchise approach, continuous improvement
philosophy, Demming management method) to assess whether the successes of the UST
program had some applicability to the Agency's other contaminated media programs.
LUST ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,505,200 supported by 8.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank
Trust Fund appropriation. This represents an increase of $236,600 in the Leaking
Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund appropriation to provide for salary and
expense needs and inflationary costs in support. There are no workyear increases
over 1992. These resources will be used to provide support costs such as rent,
utilities, security and mail operations for the LUST program and administrative
15-17
-------
services, such as contracts, grants, health and safety, and environmental
compliance, human resource service support, and basic financial services such as
processing payroll and vouchers, and producing accurate financial reports.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,268,600 supported by 8.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Leaking Underground
Storage Tank Trust Fund appropriation. These resources are used to provide
support services, financial services, administrative services, and human resource
services as described above.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $1,338,600 supported by 7.6 total
workyears, all of which was from the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund
appropriation. These resources provided support services, including financial
services, administrative services, and human resource services as described
above.
LUST ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $780,100 supported by 6.6 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank
Trust Fund appropriation. This represents an increase of $110,100 from 1992.
The increase will provide for inflation in support services. Resources will
provide support costs such as utilities, security, and mail operations for the
LUST program. Basic grant management services will be provided as well as
financial services such as processing payroll and vouchers and providing accurate
financial reports.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $670,000 supported by 6.6
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Leaking Underground
Storage Tank Trust appropriation. These resources are used to provide support
services and financial/grant services as described above.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, The Agency obligated a total of $737,000 supported by 5.2
workyears, all of which was from Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund
appropriation. These resources were used to provide support services and
financial/grant services as described above.
LUST LEGAL SERVICES - OFFICE OF GENERAL COUNSEL
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $386,500 supported by 5.3 total workyears
15-18
-------
for this program, all of. which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank
Trust Fund appropriation. This represents a decrease of $15,000 and no change
in total workyears from 1992. The decrease will have no impact.
The resources will provide legal support for the development of guidelines
and policies for administration of the Fund, supporting cooperative agreements
between EPA and States, providing advice and interpretations, and defense of the
Agency in legal actions taken against it regarding the Trust Fund.
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total of $401,500 supported by 5.3
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Leaking Underground
Storage Tank Trust Fund appropriation.
The request will provide legal support for the development of guidelines
and policies for administration of the fund; support cooperative agreements
between EPA and States; and provide advice, interpretations, and defense for the
Agency in legal actions taken against it regarding the Trust Fund.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $246,000 supported by 3.4 total
workyears, all of which was from the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund
appropriation. Legal support was provided to the development of guidelines and
policies through advice, counsel, and interpretations.
LUST - OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL
1993 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $636,000 supported by 4.5 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
Trust Fund portion of the Inspector General appropriation. This represents an
increase of $13,000 from 1992. This increase in resources will be used to pay
the increased cost of salaries and current level of contracts.
Under the Inspector General Act of 1978, as amended, the Office of
Inspector General has authority to inquire into the Agency's program and
administrative activities and related activities of all parties performing under
contracts, grants, and other agreements with the Agency. The Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 established the Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust fund and authorizes a total of $500,000,000 to be
appropriated to this fund from 1987 to 1991. The LUST program gives the leading
role in administration and enforcement to the states.
We will continue to audit the Agency's progress in implementing the
program, its use of funds, and the LUST Trust Fund financial statements. The
OIG will monitor audits of contracts by the Defense Contract Audit Agency and CPA
firms, provide investigative support of audit activities and initiate proactive
investigative work in vulnerable areas of the program.
15-19
-------
1992 Program
In 1992, the Agency is allocating a total $623,000 supported by 4.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Leaking Underground Storage
Tanks Trust Fund appropriation. The Office of Inspector General provides audit
coverage of Agency programs and operations to ensure that the agency's risk of
financial loss is minimized and that its programs are delivered as efficiently
as possible through (1) performance audits, which uncover weaknesses in EPA
management systems and provide recommendations to improve the economy,
efficiency, and effectiveness of EPA programs; (2) pre-award, interim and final
audits of contracts; and (3) external audits of grants awarded by the Agency.
Through 1991, OMB had apportioned $253.3 million to EPA for distribution
to the states. EPA appears to be serving as a conduit for passing funds to the
states with little or no guidance, controls, or requirements for the use of
funds. During 1992, the OIG will conduct performance and financial audits to
evaluate the Agency's management of the program and the use of its funds and
provide investigative support of those audits.
1991 Accomplishments
In 1991, the Agency obligated a total of $130,900 supported by 3.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Leaking Underground Storage
Tanks Trust Fund appropriation. We conducted preliminary work in the program to
identify areas for further audit. We found inaccuracies and missing data in
EPA's Underground Storage Tank Data Base on the number and type of tanks located
throughout the country. We also initiated work of EPA's national management and
oversight of the program. Although program expenditures show a slow start, the
program should pick up momentum as many states have now passed legislation and
developed LUST programs.
15-20
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Management and Support 15-15
Policy and Analysis - Office of Policy,
Planning and Evaluation 15-17
Administrative Management - Headquarters 15-17
Administrative Management - Regions 15-18
Legal Services - Office of General Counsel 15-18
LUST - Office of the Inspector General 15-19
-------
16 SPECIAL ANALYSIS
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
/
Page
SPECIAL ANALYSES
EPA ORGANIZATIONAL CHART 16-1
EPA REGIONAL OFFICES - LOCATIONS 16-2
SUMMARY OF RESOURCES - BY APPROPRIATION 16-3
SUMMARY OF RESOURCES - BY MEDIA 16-6
OBJECT CLASSIFICATION - BY APPROPRIATION 16-9
PERMANENT POSITIONS BY GRADE - BY APPROPRIATION 16-13
AVERAGE GRADE AND SALARY : 16-20
SUMMARY OF STATE GRANT RESOURCES 16-21
-------
U.S.
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
AGENCY
f\
SS2
Administrative
Law Judges
Civil Rights
Small &
Qsadvantaged
Business Utilization
Science
Advisory Board
Cooperative Environmental
Management
Executive Support
1
Assistant Administrator
for Administration and
Resources Management
1
Assistant Administrator
for
International Activities
1
Assistant Administrator
for Air and Radiation
MHMl^H
1
As*
1 R
ADMINISTRATOR AsS(
DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR
Assistant Administrator
for
Enforcement
1
Inspector General
1
Assistant Administrator
for Pesticides and
Toxic Substances
Assi
1
General Counsel
1
Assistant Administrate
for Research and
Development
1
Assistant Administrac
for
Water
ociate Administrator tor
egional Operations &
State/Local Relations
xtate Administrator for
Communications &
Public Affairs
xiate Administrator for
Congressional &
Legislative Affairs
1
Assistant Admin s
for Policy, Plannirx
Evaluanon
>r
or
1
iator
3 and
Assistant Administrator
for Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
1 1 1
Region!
Boston
Region II
New York
Region III
Philadelphia
1 1
Region VII
Kansas City
Region VIII
Denver
1 1 1
Region IV
Atlanta
Region V
Chicago
1 1
Region IX
San Francisco
Region X
Seattle
Region VI
Dallas
16-1
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGIONS
Locations and Scares
Region I Headquarters. Boston. Massachusetts
Connecticut. Maine, Massachusetts
New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Veraont
Region II Headquarters. New York. New York
New Jersey, New York. Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
Region III Headquarters. Philadelphia. PA
Delaware, District of Coluabia, Maryland
Pennsylvania. Virginia, Vest Virginia
Region IV Headcuarters Atlarta. Georgia
Alabama. Florida, Georgia. Kentucky
Mississippi, North Carolina.
South Carolina, Tennessee
Region V Headeuarters. Chicago, Illinois
Illinois, Indiana. Michigan.
Minnesota. Ohio, Wisconsin
Region VI Headeuarters. Dallas. Teras
Arkansas. Louisiana, New Mexico.
Oklahoma, Texas
Region VII Headeuarters. Kansas Citv. Kansas
Iowa, Kansas, Missouri. Nebraska
Region VIII Headquarters. Derver. Ccloraeio
Colorado, Montana. North Dakota.
South Dakota. Utah. Uyoeir.g
Region IX San Francisco. California
Arizona. California. Hawaii. Nevada
American Samoa, Guam, Trust Territories of
Pacific Islands, Northern Mariana Islands
Region X Headquarters. Seattle. Washington
Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington
16-2
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Summary of Budget Authority.
Obligations, Outlays, and Workyears
By Appropriation
(dollars in thousands)
Salaries and Expenses
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Office of Inspector General
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Research and Development
get Authority
ITigations
Outlays
Abatement, Control and
Compliance
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Buildings and Facilities
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Oil Spill Response
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Actual
1991
974.687.0 $
971,091.0
908.234.0
11.701.3
12,343.3
37.000.0 $
34.892.4
25.151.0
319.2
323.2
254.897.0 $
251,602.8
235,731.0
1.006.512.0 $
995.803.7
781 .752.0
39,999.0 $
31.885.4
29,297.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Pres Bud
1992
1.090.000.0 $
1 .090.000.0
1 .061 389.0
13.153.0
13,153.0
41,200.0 $
41,200.0
38.954.0
366.3
366.3
313.000.0 $
31 1 .838.0
276.247.0
1.019.505.0 $
1.019.195.0
892.941.0
13.000.0 $
13.000.0
18.680.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Enacted
1992
1,040.500.0 $
1 .040.500.0
1.019.319.0
13.153.0
13.153.0
41.200.0 $
41.200.0
38.954.0
366.3
366.3
323.000.0 $
323.000.0
280.002.0
1.133,625.0 $
1.133.625.0
946.143.0
39.300.0 $
39.300.0
21.263.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Current
Estimate
1992
1,040.500.0 $
1 .040.500.0
1.019.319.0
12.873.2
13.153.0
41.200.0 S
41 .200.0
38.954.0
366.3
366.3
323.000.0 $
323.000.0
280.002.0
1.133.625.0 $
1,133.625.0
946.143.0
39.300.0 $
39.300.0
21.263.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Increase/
decrease
Request 1993 Req. vs
1993 Current 1992
1.157.064.0 $
1,157,064.0
1.125.618.0
13.359.2
13.359.2
45,358.0 $
45.358.0
44.066.0
460.5
460.5
338.500.0 S
338.500.0
318.715.0
1.091.860.0 S
1 .091 .860.0
1.059.931.0
42.100.0 $
42,100.0
31,525.0
23.340.0
23.340.0
18.098.0
89.8
89.8
116.5640
116.5640
106.2990
486.0
2062
4.i56 :
4.155 :
5.1:2:
342
942
15.50C 0
15.500 C
38.7',3:
-41,765.0
-41.765.0
113.788.0
2.800.0
2.8000
10.262.0
23.340 C
23.340.0
18.098.0
0.0
89.8
89.8
16-3
-------
Inc
SUBTOTAL,
OPERATING PROGRAMS
Budget Authority S
Permanent Workyears
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Budget Authority $
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
LUST Trust Fund
Budget Authority $
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Construction Grants
Budget Authority $
Ocean Dumping Fund
Permanent Workyears
Tolerances
Revolving Fund
Actual
1991
2.313.095.0 $
2.285,275.3
1.960,165.0
. 12.020.5
12,666.5
1,616.207.0 $
1,654,054.8
1.417.281.0
3.284.6
3.440.0
64.999.0 $
66.846.0
65.921.0
77.9
82.5
2.099.972.7 $
2.527.994.8
2.389.279.0
1.350.7 $
13.7
13.8
718.3 $
-200.0
Pres Bud
1992
2,476.705.0 $
2.475,233.0
2.288.71 1 .0
13,519.3
13,519.3
1,750.000.0 $
1 .750,000.0
1.513,733.0
3.602.3
3.602.3
85.000.0 $
85.000.0
90.815.0
90.4
904-
1.900.000.0 $
1 ,965.000.0
2.194.175.0
540.0 $
12.0
12.0
1,200.0 $
-200.0
Enacted
1992
2.577,625.0 $
2.577.625.0
2.305.681.0
13,519.3
13,519.3
1,616.228.0 $
1 .750.000.0
1 .485.64 1 .0
3.602.3
3.602.3
75.000.0 $
76.966.0
86,815.0
90.4
90.4
2.400.000.0 $
2.400.000.0
2,202.175.0
540.0 $
12.0
12.0
1.200.0 $
-200.0
Current
Estimate
1992
2.577,625.0 $
2.577,625.0
2.305,681.0
13.239.5
13.519.3
1,616,228.0 S
1 .750.000.0
1.485.641.0
3.464.5
3.602.3
75,000.0 $
76,966.0
86.815.0
864
90.4
2,400.000.0 $
2.400.000.0
2,202.175.0
737.6 $
11.3
12.0
1.200.0 S
-200.0
Request
1993
2.698.222.0 $
2.698.222.0
2.597.953.0
13.909.5
13.909.5
1.750,000.0 $
1 .750.000.0
1.526.864.0
3.604.4
3.604.4
75.000.0 $
75.000.0
86.772.0
95.4
954
2.500.000.0 $
2.826.641.0
2.171.438.0
0.0 $
0.0
0.0
1.200.0 $
-200.0
"*
1993Rf?T vs
Current 1 992
12C.597:
120.597:
292.272 C
67CO
3902
133.772:
c :
41.223:
129 ?
2
•
»:
— f
100.5GC :
426.641 C
-30,737:
-7376
-11.3
-120
00
O.C
16-4
-------
Mlac. Contrib. Fund*
Obligation*
Outlay*.
Rerogtetration & Expedited
Processing Revolving Fund
Actual
1991
Prea Bud
1992
0.0 $
3.0
10.0 $
10.0
Enacted
1992
Current
Estimate
1992
10.0 $
10.0
10.0 $
10.0
Request
1993
Incra
deer*
1993 Req. v*
Current 1992
10.0 $
10.0
0.0
0.0
Obligations $ 19,012.7 $ 0.0 $ 0.0 $
Outlay*. 8.035.0 11.011.0 6,459.0
Permanent Worfcyear*.... 138.5 326.0 328.0
Total Worfcyeara 143.3 326.0 328.0
Aebeetoe In schools fund
Outlay*. $ 0.0 $ 26.399.0 S 26.399.0 $
Reimbursement* — S&E
Obligation* $ 17.627.9 $ 36.035.0 S 36.035.0 $
Permanent Workyears 63.0 72.0 72.0
Total Worfcyeare 63.6 72.0 72.0
Reimbursements — Supertund
ObUfKion* $ 6.313.6 $ 30.000.0 $ 30.000.0 $
Permanent Workyears 5.1 0.0 0.0
Total Workyear* 5.6 0.0 0.0
Reimbursement* - R&D
Obligation* $ 4.652.5 $ 5.000.0 $ 5.000.0 $
Pesticide Registration Fees
Receipt* requiring Appropriation action)
Budget Authority $ 0.0 0.0 0.0
Outlays 0.0 0.0 0.0
TOTAL. EPA
Budget Authority $ 6.094.273.7 $ 6.211.705.0 $ 6.668,853.0 $
Obligation* 6,583.846.6 6.348.018.0 6.877.376.0
Outlay*. 5.860.484.0 6.124.654.0 6.112.980.0
Permanent Worfcyeara.... 15.603.3 17.622.0 17,622.0
Total Workyear* 16,415.3 17,622.0 17.622.0
19.835.8 $
6.459.0
322.9
326.0
26.399.0 $
36.035.0 S
72.0
72.0
30.000.0 S
0.0
0.0
5.000.0 S
0.0
0.0
0.0 $
1.480.0
226.0
226.0
17.229.0 $
36.575.0 S
82.0
82.0
30.000.0 S
0.0
0.0
5.000.0 $
-15.000.0
-15.000.0
6.668.853.0 $ 7,008.222.0 S
6.897.409.4 7.422.648.0
6,112.980.0 6,386.546.0
17.196.6
17.622.0
17,917.3
17,917.3
-19,835.8
-4.979.0
-96.9
-100.0
-9,170.0
540.0
10.0
10.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-15.000.0
-15.000.0
339,369.0
525.238.6
273.566.0
720.7
295.3
16-5
-------
ENV;HONM£H**L P^C'lC'-ON AGE1*:
Summary o( Budget Authority.
Obligations. Outlays, and Workyears
By Media
(dollar* in thousand*)
Ait
Budget Authority..
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears...
Total Workyears .........
Water Quality
Budget Authority ........
Obligations .......... ...
Outlays .................
Permanent Workyears...
Total Workyears .........
Drinhirio Water
Budgat Authority ........
Obligations .............
Outlays .................
Permanent Workyears...
Total Workyears .........
W««t»
Budgat Authority ....... .
Obligations ............
Outlays .................
Permanent Workyears..
Total Workyears
Pe«tieide«
Budget Authority ........
Obligations .............
Outlays .................
Permanent Workyears..
Total Workyears .........
Radial ion
Budget Authority ........
Obligations .............
Outkya .................
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Actual
1991
406.292.2 S
407.859.5
448.716.8
1.901.7
1.992.9
410.025.2 $
418.901 4
292.908 0
2.0899
2.194.6
131.671 8 S
131.3082
116.880.7
697 4
735.1
307.8160 $
305.832.4
262.718.1
1.467 1
1.538.2
112.949.6 $
104.809.3
100.201.7
886.9
926.3
38 424.9 $
38.073.7
27.957.7
214.7
225.3
Pr«* Bud
1992
525.460.0 S
518.0280
473.163.9
2.298.3
2.298.3
412.822.1 S
413.302.0
376.4199
2.3308
2.330.8
136.1484 $
135.929 0
122.210 1
8054
8054
333.735.0 $
334.326.0
302.619.2
1.660.0
1.660.0
117.063.8 S
116.052.0
107,800.8
892.7
892 7
39.627.2 $
40.132.0
36.370.0
2415
241.2
Enacted
1992
518.801 3 S
518.8013
487.105.9
2.2983
2.298.3
461.5716 $
461.571 6
368.974 9
2.3308
2.330.8
142.575.3 S
142.575.3
144.369 5
8054
8054
335.629.6 $
335.629 6
313.3886
1.660.0
1.6600
117.195.4 $
117.195 4
111.386 1
892.7
892 7
38.752.7 $
38.752.7
26.750.0
241.2
241.2
Current
Estimate
1992
517.1079 $
517.107.9
485.614 4
2.256.2
2.2824
462.749 1 $
462.749.1
369.392.5
2.237.9
2.314 9
141.306 4 S
141.306 4
143.214 1
781 5
801 9
332.0080 S
332.008 0
310.5899
1.607 3
1.661.1
116.441 4 S
116.441 4
110.769.4
881.4
8883
38.761.5 S
38.761.5
26.818.9
239.7
242.4
Request
1993
551.978.9 $
551.978.9
541.7599
2.390 4
2.390 4
449.1404 S
449.140 4
406.615 1
2.373.9
2.3739
146.681 9 S
146.681 9
144.048 4
8004
8004
346.151 9 S
346.151 9
341.973 1
1.687 9
1.687 9
128.834 4 S
128.834 4
126.846.2
9036
9036
41.085.6 $
41.085.6
32.645.8
244.2
2442
Increase;
decrease
1993 Req. vs
Current 1992
34.8*1 0
34.871 0
56.145 5
134 2
108 0
-13.608 '
- 13 608 '
37 222 5
'36 :
53 Z
5 375 5
5 3*5 5
834 3
••s ;
14 143 9
14 ',43 9
31.383.2
80 6
26.8
12.3930
12.393 0
16.076 8
22.2
153
2.324.1
2.324 1
5.826 9
4 5
• 3
16-6
-------
>iltim«
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
TOKJC Substances
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Management and Support
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outtays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Buildings and Facilities
^Wfeyi
iet Authority
lions
Hazardous Substance
Supartund
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
LUSTTrumt Fund
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outtays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Construction Qranti
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Actual
1991
179.661.7 S
177.612.7
145.416.5
742.6
797.2
167.353.5 S
160.502.9
112.0674
851.6
882.6
503.379.7 S
499.477.6
436.261.2
3.0966
3.301.7
39.999.0 .S
48.0459
29.297.0
1.629.154.1 S
1.646.7756
1.424.940.1
3.354.6
3.510.6
65,573.3 S
66,976.9
66.001.8
799
84.5
2.099.972.7 S
2.527,994.8
2.389.279.0
Pres Bud
1992
215.010.0 S
216.834.0
195.936.8
897.4
8974
119.287.2 S
121,151.0
111554.3
891.9
8919
548.974.3 S
550.9020
529.2640
3.401.3
3.401 3
13.000.0 S
13.000.0
18.680.0
1.764.954.0 $
1,764.9540
1.527.837.0
3.698.1
3.698 1
85.623 0 $
85.623.0
91.403.0
94.9
94.9
1.900,000.0 $
1.965.000.0
2.194.175.0
Enacted
1992
217,892.5 $
217,892.5
193.801.5
897.4
8974
156.707.3 S
156.707.3
109.876.7
891.9
891.9
533.622 3 $
533.622.3
514.035.1
3.401 3
3.401.3
39.300 0 S
39.300 0
21.263.0
1.631.182.0 $
1.764.954.0
1.499.779.7
3.898.1
3.698.1
75.623.0 S
77.589.0
87,404.0
94.9
94.9
2.400.000.0 S
2.400.0000
2.202.175.0
Current
Estimate
1992
220.473.2 S
220.473.2
196.396. 1
9075
9270
156.826.6 S
1S6.826.6
110.133.6
878.8
8888
537.073.9 S
537.073.9
516.761.4
3.3489
3.412.2
39.300.0 S
39.300.0
21.263.0
1.631.182.0 S
1.764.954.0
1.499.7797
3,560.3
3.696 1
75.623 0 S
77.589.0
87,404.0
90.9
94.9
2.400.000.0 S
2.400.000.0
2,202.175.0
Request
1993
259.235.5 S
259.235.5
254.590.2
1.024.7
1.024.7
126.904.2 S
126.904 2
125.8907
902.9
902.9
589.0452 S
589.0452
575.480.7.
3.421.0
3.421.0
42.100.0 S
42.100.0
31.525.0
1.766.428.0 S
1.766.428.0
1.542.824.0
3.760.4
3.7604
75.636.0 S
75.636.0
87.389.9
99.9
99.9
2.500.000.0 S
2.826.641.0
2.171.438.0
Increase/'
decrease
1993 Heq vs
Current 1992
38.762.3
38,7623
58.194 1
117.2
977
-29.9224
-29,9224
15.757.1
24 1
14 1
51.971.3
51.971 3
58.719 3
72.1
8.8
2.800.0
2.800.0
10.262.0
135.2460
1.474.0
43,044.3
200.1
62.3
13.0
-1.953.0
-14.1
9.0
5.0
100.000.0
426.641.0
-30.737.0
16-7
-------
Actual
1991
Pre* Bud
1992
Enacted
1992
Current
Estimate
1992
Request
1993
Increase/
decrease
1993 Req. vs
Current 1992
Ocean Dumping Fund
Obligations.... 1.350.7 540.0 540.0 737.6 0.0 -737.6
Permanent Workyears 13.7 12.0 12.0 11.3 0.0 -11.3
Total Workyears 13.8 12.0 12.0 12.0 0.0 -12.0
Tolerances
Revolving Fund
Obligations 718.3 1.200.0 1.200.0 1,2000 1.200.0 0.0
Outtays -200.0 -200.0 -200.0 -200.0 -200.0 0.0
Ml«c. Contrlb Funds
Obligations 0.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 0.0
Outlays 3.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 0.0
Reregistration & Expedited
Processing Revolving Fund
Obligations 19.012.7 0.0 0.0 19.835.8 0.0 -19,835.8
Outlays 8.035.0 11.011.0 6.459.0 6.459.0 1.480.0 -4.979.0
Permanent Workyears 138.5 326.0 326.0 322.9 226.0 -96.9
Total Workyears 143.3 326.0 326.0 326.0 226.0 -100.0
Asbestos in schools fund
Outlays 0.0 26.399.0 26,399.0 26.399.0 17.229.0 -9.170.0
Reimbursements — S&E
Obligations 17.627.9 36.035.0 36.035.0 36.035.0 36.575.0 540.0
Permanent Workyears 63.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 82.0 10.0
Total Worky ears 63.6 72.0 72.0 72.0 82.0 10.0
Reimbursements— Sup'nrlund
Obligations 6.313.6 30.000.0 30.000.0 30.000.0 30.000.0 0.0
Permanent Workyears 5.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total Workyears 5.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Reimbursements— R&D
Obligations 4.652.5 5.000.0 5.000.0 . 5,000.0 5.000.0 0.0
Pesticide Registration Fees
(Receipts requiring Appropriation action)
Budget Authority 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -15.000.0 -15,000.0
Outlays 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -15,000.0 -15.000.0
TOTAL. EPA
Budget Authority S 6,094.273.7 S 6.211.705.0 $ 6.666,853.0 $ 6.668.853.0 $ 7.008.222.0 S 339.369.0
Obligations- 6,583.846.6 6.348.018.0 6,877.376.0 6.897.409.4 7.422.648.0 525.238.6
Outlays 5,860.484.0 6.124.654.0 6,112.980.0 6.112.980.0 6.386.546.0 273.566.0
Permanent Workyears..
Total Workyears
15.603.3
16,415.3
17.622.0
17,622.0
17.622.0
17.622.0
17,196.6
17.622.0
17.917.3
17,917.3
720.7
295.3
16-8
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Object Classification
Direct Obligations
(dollars in thousands)
ACTUAL
1991
PRES BUD
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
REQUEST
1993
INCREASE/ J
DECREASE !
1993 REQ. V. !
CURRENT 19921
SALARIES AND EXPENSES
Personnel Services
68.433.0
Other objects:
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.1 Rental payments to GSA...
23.2 Rental payments to others
23.3 Communications, utilities.
and misc. charges..
24.0 Printing and reproduction
25.0 Other services
26.0 Supplies and materials...
« Equipment
Land and structures
Grants, subsidies, and
contributions
42.0 Insurance, claims, and
indemnities
554.0
25,581.0
1,798.0
85.570.0
7,966.0
10.236.0
5.808.0
112.966.0
13.499.0
47,891.0
673.0
4,333.0
24.0
0.0
33.450.0
2.680.0
76.375.0
10,555.0
41.905.0
7.320.0
116.344.0
22,300.0
57,615.0
532.0
2,500.0
27.0
760.0
29.803.0
1,903.0
112,210.0
9,889.0
10.831.0
6.146.0
98.698.0
14.283.0
50.672.0
712.0
2.057.0
25.0
617.0
30,597.0
2.112.0
131,274.0
11, 347.0
12.023.0
6.822.0
116.886.0
15.855.0
56.250.0
790 0
1.519.0
28.0
-143.0
794.0
209.0
19.064.0
1.458.0
0.0
1.192.0
676.0
18.188 0
1.572.0
5,578.0
78 0
-538.0
3.0
subtotal, direct objects...
subtotal, reimbursables objects.
Total obligations
971,091.0 1.090.000.0 1,040,500.0 1,157.064.0 116.5640
17,627.9 36,575.0 36,575.0 36.575.0
988.718.9 1,126,575.0 1,077.075.0 1.193.639.0 116,564.0
OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL
Personnel Services
26,164.0
6,700.0
Other objects:
21 .0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.1 Rental payments to GSA...
24.0 Printing and reproduction
25 0 Other services.
26.0 Supplies and materials...
31^ Equipment
4^k rants, subsidies, and
Distributions
Total obligations ....
1,790.0
53.0
2,348.0
10.0
10,612.0
211.0
1,043.0
770.0
34.892.0
2,557.0
0.0
58.0
230.0
17,299.0
1,017.0
324.0
300.0
41,200.0
2,557.0
57.0
1,554.0
7.0
15,685.0
140.0
690.0
1,046.0
41,200.0
2,410.0
0.0
1,800.0
5.0
13,079.0
150.0
750.0
1,000.0
45,358.0
-147.0
-57.0
246.0
-2.0
-2.606.0
10.0
60.0
0.0
-46.0
4.158.0
16-9
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Object Classification
Direct Obligations
(dollars in thousands)
CURRENT
ACTUAL PRES BUD ESTIMATE
1991 1992 1992
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.1 Rental payments to GSA...
23.3 Communications, utilities,
and misc. charges
24.0 Printing and reproduction
25.0 Other services
26.0 Supplies and materials...
31 0 Equipment
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions
Total direct obligations
subtotal, reimbursables objects...
Total obligations
494.0
1,082.0
1,9390
678.0
130,949.8
5,462.0
18,273.0
92.725.0
251.602.8
4.653.0
256.255.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.664.0
181,071.0
0.0
30.397.0
98.706.0
311.838.0
5.000.0
316.838.0
606.0
1,346.0
2.431.0
843.0
185.807.0
6.796.0
9.793.0
115,378.0
323.000 0
5.000.0
328.000.0
INCREASE/ I
DECREASE !
REQUEST 1993 REQ. V. j
1993 CURRENT 1992!
643.0
1,422.0
2,5390
880.0
194.954 0
7.142.0
9.793.0
121.127.0
338.500 0
5.000.0
343.500.0
37.0
76.0
108.0
370
9,147.0
346.0
00
5.749.0
15.500.0
0.0
15.500.0
ABATEMENT, CONTROL AND
COMPLIANCE
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.1 Rental payments to GSA...
23.3 Communications, utilities,
and misc charges. .
24.0 Printing and reproduction
25.0 Other services
26.0 Supplies and materials...
31 0 Equipment
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions
Total direct obligations
Subtotal, allocation accts.
598.0
1.0
2.0
4.0
445.0
380,026.7
59.0
805.0
613,863.0
995,803.7
0.0
656.0
9.0
0.0
41.0
1.630.0
409.375.0
124.0
800.0
606,560.0
1,019.195.0
0.0
656.0
2.0
2.0
41.0
450.0
503,088.0
124.0
800.0
628,462.0
1,133.625.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
2.0
42.0
475.0
465.662.0
75.0
800.0
624,302.0
1,091,360.0
500.0
-656.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
25.0
-37.426.0
-49.0
0.0
-4,160.0
-42,265.0
0.0
Total obligations ....
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
995,803.7 1,019,195.0 1.133.625.0 1.091,860.0
-42.265.0
21 .0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons
25.0 Other services :..
26.0 Supplies and materials...
32.0 Land and structures
164.0
11,527.4
3.0
20.191.0
156.0
12,220.0
0.0
624.0
156.0
38.601.0
0.0
543.0
0.0
12,100.0
0.0
30,000.0
-156.0
-26,501.0
0.0
29,457.0
Total obligations
31,885.4
13,000.0 39,300.0 42,100.0
2.800.0
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Object Classification
Direct Obligations
(dollars in thousands)
ACTUAL
1991
PRES BUD
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
REQUEST
19E3
INCREASE/
DECREASE
1993 REQ. V.
CURRENT 1992
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPERFUND
Personnel Services
Other objects:
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.1 Rental payments to GSA...
23.2 Rental payments to others
23.3 Communications, utilities,
and misc. charges
24.0 Printing and reproduction
25.0 Other services
26.0 Supplies and materials...
31.0 Equipment.!
32.0 Land and structures
.41 .0 Grants, subsidies, and
m contributions
K.O Insurance, claims, and
indemnities
Subtotal direct obligations..
11,724.0
651.0
22,099.0
748.0
3,059.0
1.262.0
1,165,293.8
4,094.0
11,623.0
564.0
201,710.0
1.0
1,596,955.8
11,481.0
626.0
14,281.0
3.121.0
8,385.0
1,317.0
1,249,027.0
5,497.0
22,624.0
271.0
205.914.0
5.0
1.699,548.0
11,481.0
749.0
25,382.0
858.0
3,514.0
1,449.0
1,396.642.0
4,702.0
13,349.0
648.0
30.904.0
1.0
1,689,546.0
12,370.0
771.0
26,119.0
883.0
3,616.0
1,491.0
1,399,348.0
4,838.0
13,736.0
667.0
30.964.0
1.0
1,702,011.0
889.0
22.0
737.0
25.0
102.0
42.0
2,706.0
136.0
387.0
19.0
60.0
0.0
12,465.0
ALLOCATION ACCOUNTS
Personnel Services
Other objects:
21 .0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.1 Rental payments to GSA...
23.3 Communications, utilities,
and misc. charges
24.0 Printing and reproduction
25.0 Other services
26.0 Supplies and materials.:.
31.0 Equipment
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions
Subtotal, allocation accts.
Kmbursable obligations
Total obligations
15,130.0
1,703.0
167.0
12.0
494 0
484.0
25 119 0
285.0
2455 0
9 250 0
55,099.0
6,313.6
1.660.368.4
11 149.0
1,235.0
145.0
.51.0
313 0
414.0
21 474.0
279.0
2049 0
13 343.0
50,452.0
30,000.0
1.780.000.0
16601 0
1.869.0
183.0
13.0
5420
530.0
27 560 0
313.0
2694 0
10 149 0
60,454.0
30,000.0
1.780.000.0
13 1780
1,484.0
145.0
10.0
430 0
421.0
21 875 0
248.0
2 139 0
8 059 0
47,989.0
30.000.0
1,780.000.0
-34230
-385.0
-38.0
-3.0
-1120
-109.0
-5 685 0
-65.0
-555 0
-2090.0
-12.465.0
0.0
0.0
16-11
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Object Classification
Direct Obligations
(dollars in thousands)
ACTUAL
1991
PRES BUD
1992
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1992
REQUEST
1993
INCREASE/
DECREASE
1993 REQ. V.
CURRENT 1992
LUST TRUST FUND
Personnel Services
4,275.0
5.517.0
5.517.0
53.0
Other objects:
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.1 Rental payments toGSA...
23.3 Communications. utilities,
and misc charges
24.0 Printing and reproduction
25 0 Other services
26.0 Supplies and materials...
31.0 Equipment
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions
Total obligations ...
559.0
7.0
590.0
59.0
43.0
3,968.0
34.0
331.0
56,980.0
66.846.0
867.0
17.0
634.0
110.0
68.0
5,338.0
59.0
398.0
71.992.0
85,000.0
867.0
8.0
678.0"
68.0
49.0
4,541.0
39.0
380.0
64.819.0
76,966.0
867.0
8.0
678.0
68.0
48.0
2,524.0
38.0
380.0
64,819.0
75,000.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-1.0
-2,017.0
-1.0
0.0
0.0
-1.966.0
OIL SPILL RESPONSE
Personnel Services
Other objects:
21 .0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons
21 .0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.1 Rental payments toGSA...
23.2 Rental payments to others...
23.3 Communications, utilities,
and misc. charges
24.0 Printing and reproduction
25.0 Other services
26.0 Supplies and materials...
31 0 Equipment
32.0 Lands and Structures
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
194.0
28.0
9.0
532.0
46.0
49.0
28.0
17.283.9
64.0
228.0
2.0
194.0
28.0
9.0
532.0
46.0
49.0
28.0
17.283.9
64.0
228.0
2.0
Total Obligations
0.0
0.0
0.0 23,339.9
23,339 9
-1 •>
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions by Grade
SALARIES AND EXPENSES*
GRADES
1991
ACTUAL
Executive Level II 6
Executive Level III 1
Executive Level IV _1
Subtotal 8
ES-6 12
ES-5 49
ES-4 84
ES-3 55
ES-2 23
ES-1 21
Subtotal 244
GS-17 0
GS-16 0
GS/GM-15 915
GS/GM-14 1,673
GS/GM-13 2,450
GS-12 2,389
GS-11 1,208
GS-10 62
GS-9 905
GS-8 234
GS-7 971
GS-6 465
GS-5 558
GS-4 173
GS-3 25
GS-2 8
GS-1 1
Subtotal 12,049
ESTIMATE
1992
PRES BUD
1
1
_n
13
14
42
93
67
27
251
1
10
890
1,706
2,553
2,432
1,268
73
982
252
999
527
632
237
37
4
0
12,603
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1
1
11
13
- 14
42
93
67
27
8
251
1
10
890
1,706
2,553
2,432
1,268
73
982
252
999
527
632
237
37
4
0
12,603
1993
ESTIMATE
1
1
II
13
14
43
94
68
27
8
255
1
. 10
904
1,733
2,593
2,470
1,288
74
997
256
1,015
.535
642
241
38
4
0
12300
16-13
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions by Grade
SALARIES AND EXPENSES*
ESTIMATE
1991
GRADES ACTUAL
Positions established by act of
July 1, 1974 (42 U.S.C. 207):
Director Grade 07, $49,390
to $71,980 . .
Senior Grade 06, $36,609
to $63,231 ..
Senior Grade 05, $29,276
to $51,598 . .
Full Grade 04, $24,681
to $43,147 . .
Assistant Grade 03, $22,935
to $37,315 ..
Assistant Grade 02, $19,998
to $27,687 . .
Subtotal
Positions established by act
of November 16, 1977 (42 U.S.C.
201) compensation for which is
not to exceed the maximum
payable for a GS-18
Ungraded
TOTAL PERMANENT
POSITIONS 12
1
46
79
36
9
2
173
23
48
345
1992
PRES BUD
1
53
96
43
9
£
202
25
&
13.153
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1
53
.
96
43
9
0
202
25
59
13.153 i:
1993
ESTIMATE
1
54
98
44
9
o
205
25
60
3.359
FY 1993 Request includes permenent positions for the Oil Spill Response Appropriations
account.
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions by Grade
OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL
GRADES
Executive Level IV
1991
ACTUAL
1
ESTIMATE
1992
PRESBUD
1
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1
1993
ESTIMATE
1
ES-5
ES-4
ES-3
ES-2
Subtotal
GS/GM-15
GS/GM-14
GS/GM-13
GS-12 . . .
GS-11 ...
GS-10 . . .
GS-9
GS-8
GS-7
GS-6
GS-5 ....
GS-4
GS-3
Subtotal
TOTAL PERMANENT
POSITIONS
1
3
1
1
23
43
97
70
26
1
24
2
33
9
9
4
J.
342
349
1
4
2
1
8
27
41
89
83
27
4
27
2
29
11
10
5
2
357
3oo
1
4
2
8
27
41
89
83
27
4
27
2
29
11
10
5
2
357
3oo
1
5
3
1
10
34
52
112
105
34
5
34
3
37
14
13
6
450
461
16-15
-------
GRADES
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions by Grade
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPERFUND
ESTIMATE
1991 1992 CURRENT 1993
ACTUAL PRES BUD ESTIMATE ESTIMATE
ES-5
ES-4
ES-3
ES-2
ES-1
Subtotal
GS/GM-15
GS/GM-14
GS/GM-13
GS-12
GS-11
GS-10
GS-9
GS-8
GS-7
GS-6
GS-5
GS-4
GS-3
GS-2
Subtotal
2
9
5
2
3
21
116
376
863
689
240
1
151
24
166
98
179
42
3
1
2,949
Positions established by act of
July 1, 1974 (42 U.S.C. 207):
Director Grade 06, $36,609
to $63,231 ..
Senior Grade 05, $29,276
to $51,598 ..
Full Grade 04, $24,681
to $43,147 . .
Assistant Grade 03, $22,935
to $37,315 . .
Subtotal
TOTAL PERMANENT
POSITIONS
6
11
4
3
24
2,994
2
11
12
0
o
2
11
12
0
Q
2
11
12
0
o
25
126
322
869
868
409
1
205
24
253
99
249
109
11
3,548
7
12
7
2
29
3,602
25
126
322
869
868
409
1
205
24
253
99
249
109
11
3,548
7.
12
7
1
29
3,602
25
126
322
870
869
409
1
205
24
254
99
249
109
11
3,551
7
12
7
3
29
3,604
16-16
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions by Grade
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (LUST)
GRADES
GS/GM-15
GS/GM-14
GS/GM-13
GS-12 ...
GS-11 ...
GS-10 ...
GS-9
GS-8
GS-7
GS-6
GS-5
GS-4
TOTAL PERMANENT
POSITIONS
1991
ACTUAL
2
9
19
24
10
0
4
0
2
1
2
0
73
ESTIMATE
1992 CURRENT
PRES BUD ESTIMATE
2
11
24
32
12
0
5
0
2
1
2
J3
90
2
11
24
32
12
0
5
0
2
1
2
0
90
1993
ESTIMATE
3
12
25
34
13
0
5
0
3
1
3
0
95
16-17
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions by Grade
REREGISTRATION AND EXPEDITED PROCESSING REVOLVING FUND
(FIFRA)
GRADES
GS/GM-15
GS/GM-14
GS/GM-13
GS-12 ...
GS-11 .. .
GS-10 . . .
GS-9 ....
GS-8 ....
GS-7
GS-6 ....
GS-5 ....
Subtotal
1991
ACTUAL
1
10
30
24
25
0
9
1
3
2
5.
110
Positions established by act of
July 1, 1974 (42 U.S.C.):
Director Grade 06, $36,609
to $63,231 ..
TOTAL PERMANENT
POSITIONS
ESTIMATE
1992
PRES BUD
3
29
88
75
73
0
26
3
9
6
JS
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
3
29
88
75
73
0
26
3
9
6
Jfi
1993
ESTIMATE
2
20
61
52
51
0
18
2
6
4
IS
325
325
225
111
326
326
226
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions by Grade
REIMBURSABLES
(SALARIES AND EXPENSES)
GRADES
ES-4
GS/GM-15
GS/GM-14
GS/GM-13
GS-12 . . .
GS-11 . . .
GS-10 . . .
GS-9
GS-8
GS-7
GS-6
GS-5
Subtotal
1991
ACTUAL
4
2
8
7
12
1
7
4
5
1
7
58
Positions established by act of
July 1, 1974 (42 U.S.C):
Director Grade 06, $36,609
to $63,231 ..
Senior Grade 05, $29,276
to $51,598 ..
Subtotal
Ungraded
TOTAL PERMANENT
POSITIONS
5
2
65
ESTIMATE
1992
PRES BUD
1
3
7
5
11
12
1
8
4
7
1
64
3
3
6
1
72
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1
3
7
5
11
12
1
8
4
7
1
64
6
J.
72
1993
ESTIMATE
1
3
8
6 ,
13
14 -
1
9
5
8
1 -
73
6
2
82
16-19
-------
$98,767
11.4
$43,837
$83,078
11.4
$43,983
$102,915
11.4
$45,678
$106,723
11.4
$47,368
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Average Grade and Salary
\ ESTIMATE
1991 1992 CURRENT 1993
APPROPRIATION PAY PLAN ACTUAL PRES BUD ESTIMATE ESTIMATE
Salaries and Expenses
Average ES Salary $98,496 $83,554 $102,631 $106,428
Average GS/GM Grade 10.3 11.1 10.3 10.3
Average GS/GM Salary . $53,153 $43,135 $55,386 $57,435
Average Salary of Ungraded
Positions $13,752 $14,068 $14,330 $14,860
Office of the Inspector General
Average ES Salary
Average GS/GM Grade
Average GS/GM Salary .
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Average ES Salary $96,838 $83,687 $100,905 $104,638
Average GS/GM Grade 11.3 10.9 11.3 11.3
Average GS/GM Salary . $42,074 $40,242 $43,841 $45,463
Leaking Underground Storage
Tanks
Average GS/GM Grade 11.8 113 11.8 11.8
Average GS/GM Salary . $44,014 $42,169 $45,863 $47,560
Reregistration and Expedited
Process Revolving Fund
Average GS/GM Grade 11.4 11.7 11.4 11.4
Average GS/GM Salary . $39,146 $41,115 $40,790 $42,299
Reimbursables
Average ES Salary
Average GS/GM Grade
Average GS/GM Salary .
$100,500
10.1
$36,730
0
10.4
$38,420
$104,721
10.1
$38,273
$108,596
10.1
$39,689
TOTAL AGENCY AVERAGE
Average ES Salary
Average GS/GM Grade
Average GS/GM Salary .
Average Salary of Ungraded
Positions
$98,389
11.2
$42,691
$13,752
$83,558
11.1
$42,506
$14,068
$102,521
11.2
$44,484
$14,330
$106,314
11.2
$46,130
$14,860
16-20
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17 USER FEES
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1993 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
AGENCY USER FEES 17-1
Agency User Fees 17-1
-------
AGENCY USER FEES
Toxics Pre-Manufacture Notices
This fee has been collected since FY 1989 for the review and
processing of new chemical pre-manufacture notices (PMNs). The
fee is paid by chemical companies at the time of submission of
the PMN for review by the Office of Toxic Substances. The fee
was established by regulation published August 1988.
PMN fees are specifically authorized by the Toxic Substances
Control Act (TSCA)". TSCA contains a cap of $2,500 on the amount
that the Agency may charge for a single PMN review. Total
revenues of $3.5 million are expected in FY 1993. Fee revenues
are deposited in the General Fund of the U.S. Treasury.
Radon Training and Certification
The Of/fice of Radiation Programs (ORP) is developing fewo
fees, one for training of radon abatement contractors and the
other for training and certification of radon measurement
devices. Total revenues from both fees are expected to reach
$3.0 million in FY 1993.
These fees are specifically authorized by the Indoor Radon
Abatement Act to recover the cost to the Agency of its training
and certification programs. The Act authorizes establishment of
a Special Fund in the U.S. Treasury for receipt of radon fees
from which funds can be appropriated to the Agency to support
radon training and certification.
ORP will publish a draft rule to institute these fees and
expects the final rule to be published and collections to begin
in late 1992.
Motor Vehicle Testing
The Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) is developing a
proposed rule to establish new fees to cover EPA's costs for
conducting its Motor Vehicle and Engine Compliance Program
(MVECP). The activities include engine and fuel economy testing
and certification, selective Enforcement Auditing, and in-use
compliance activities^ The fees would be imposed on'
manufacturers of light-duty vehicles, light and heavy trucks and
motorcycles. The final rule is expected to be published by May
1992 with collections to begin in June 1992.
The fee would recover EPA's costs for certifying new engines
and vehicles, compliance monitoring for new engines and vehicles,
and compliance monitoring of in-use engines and vehicles under
sections 206 (a) and (b) and 207 (c) of the Clean Air Act. This
would include EPA's costs to calculate Corporate Average Fuel
Economy (CAFE) and to conduct emissions testing.
17-1
-------
Authority for these fees is found in the Independent Offices,
Appropriations Act and section 217 of the Clean Air Act as
amended. Total revenues for all fees are expected at $9.6
million in FY 1993. The fuel economy portion of the fee would be
deposited in the General Fund of. the U.S. Treasury.
NPDES Permits
The Office of Water is proposing to establish fees to
recover EPA's costs of issuing permits to industrial and
municipal discharges to water bodies under the National Pollution
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program. The fee would be
applicable to permit applicants only in the 10 non-delegated
states (where EPA conducts the permit program). Authority for
the fee is contained in the Independent Offices Appropriation Act
and the Clean Water Act as amended.
An Agency Work group is developing the fee proposal and
expects to have a proposed rule published in April 1992. Total
revenues of $10 million are expected in FY 1993. Fee receipts
will be deposited in the General Fund of the U.S. Treasury.
Pesticides Registration Fee
The 1993 budget proposes appropriations language to
reinstate fees on applications for registration, registration
amendments and experimental use permits for pesticide use. The
fees are designed to recover the costs (or portion of the costs)
associated with the review and_processing of such applications.
It is the Agency's belief that applicants should pay for the
costs associated with the analysis, review and the ultimate
decisions of their application. The enactment of the
appropriations language,, would generate $15 million in annual
receipts beginning in FY 1993 that would be considered
discretionary under the Budget Enforcement Act. Fee receipts
will be deposited in a Special Fund of the U.S. Treasury to be
appropriated to the Agency to support pesticides registration.
Hazardous Waste User Fee
The Agency is currently developing and will propose in 1992
a.hazardous waste user fee. The Agency anticipates promulgation
of the user fee and beginning^collection of receipts in 1993.
17-2
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