JAN 13 1977
AN ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS ON
NONPOINT SOURCE WATER POLLUTION ON FOREST AND RANGELANDS
by
Forest Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington, D.C. 20013
Interagency Agreement No. EPA-1AG-D6-0660
Project Officer
Lee Mulkey
Environmental Research Laboratory
Athens, Georgia 30601
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
ATHENS, GEORGIA 30601
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CONTENTS
Executive Summary ±
Contributors 2
Problem 5
R&D Objectives 5
Definition of Nonpoint Source Pollution (NPSP) 5
Approach and Expected Accomplishments 7
Planning Technique 9
Outline of R&D Needs H
Activity Flow 16
Activity Schedule 41
Summary Tables 145
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This document describes research and development needed to deal with
problems of nonpoint source water pollution on the nation's forest and
rangelands. It was prepared under Forest Service leadership with assis-
tance from other Federal agencies, universities, and private industry.
Support has been provided in preparation of the document by the Environ-
mental Protection Agency under EPA-1AG-D6-0660.
The document identifies problems to be solved and provides a basis
for determining responsibilities and approaches, and for estimating costs.
It is not intended to be used by the Forest Service only, but rather by
all those concerned with water quality from forest and rangelands. Hope-
fully, it will result in improved coordination and effectiveness of
related programs of various Federal and State agencies and the university
community.
The overall objective of the proposed R&D is to provide improved
methods for predicting, evaluating, and controlling nonpoint source water
pollution. Initial emphasis is on a thorough review of existing infor-
mation and a synthesis of that information in a format suitable for
application to the nonpoint source control program. New knowledge and
procedures developed will be used for determining best management prac-
tices for controlling nonpoint source pollution on forest and rangelands,
within the constraints of multiple use management. The research considers
all major pollutants and forest activities, although particular emphasis
is given to sediment and nutrients resulting from timber harvest, mechanical
site preparation, roads and trails, and grazing.
The document identifies only activities that according to the best
knowledge of the work group have not been done previously and are not
funded elsewhere. The activities are of necessity stated in broad terms
and it is recognized some research information will be available within
some of the activities.
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CONTRIBUTORS
Participants in planning and preparation of the drafts of the analysis were
as follows:
1. Core group involved in all phases of the analysis;
Harry E. Brown
Edward S. Corbett
Norbert V. DeByle
Douglas G. Fox
Jay S. Krammes
James J. Rogers
Dean Urie
Stanley J. Ursic
Forest Environment Research Staff
Northeastern Station
Intermountain Station
Rocky Mountain Station
Forest Environment Research Staff
Pacific Northwest Station
North Central Station
Southern Station
Initial planning and consultation;
Michael A. Barton
George W. Brown
Jesse Lunin
Walter F. Megahan
Marvin C. Meier
Lee A. Mulkey
Logan A. Norris
Jack E. Schmautz
Keith R. Shea
Dixie R. Smith
Wayne T. Swank
Gerald Welsh
Donald Willen
Aubrey Wylie
John Schaub
Development of background
Watershed & Minerals Area Management Staff
Oregon State University
Agricultural Research Service, USDA
Intermountain Station
Area Planning & Development Staff
Environmental Protection Agency
Pacific Northwest Station
Range Management Staff
Office of the Secretary
Rocky Mountain Station
Southeastern Station
Soil Conservation Service, USDA
Bureau of Land Management, USDI
Cooperative State Research Service, USDA
Economic Research Service
material:
Thomas C. Brown
D. Ross Carder
Pat Currie
Grant Davis
Dean DeBell
John R. Erickson
Richard L. Fredricksen
Warren C. Harper
John Hewlett
Rocky Mountain Station
Rocky Mountain Station
Rocky Mountain Station
Forest WH^WWfc^lJfcginee
Pacific Northwest Station
Weyerhaeuser Company
University of Georgia
RSS. Staff
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CONTRIBUTORS (Continued)
3. Development of background material;
Ruh-Ming Li Colorado State University
Robert Merrifield Texas A&M University
Adrian Pelzner Engineering Staff
Paul Packer Intermountain Station
William S. Platts Intermountain Station
Arthur R. Tiedemann Pacific Northwest Station
All of these contributors are employees of the Forest Service, U.S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture, except as indicated.
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4. Reviews
The first draft (June 1976) was reviewed by all Forest Service Regions,
Experiment Stations, State and Private Forestry Areas, and appropriate Wash-
ington Office Staffs, as well as by the previously listed participants. This
review included input to determining priorities in terms of program areas,
pollutants and geographic regions.
The second draft (October 1976) was reviewed again by the above and in
addition by:
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
USDA, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service
USDA, Cooperative State Research Service
USDA, Extension Service
USDA, Economic Research Service
USDA, Soil Conservation Service
USD1, Bureau of Land Management
USDI- Fish and Wildlife Service
Arizona State University
Colorado State University
University of Idaho
State University of New York
Pennsylvania State University
Utah State University
Washington State University
West Virginia University
Yale University
American Forestry Association
National Forest Products Association
This broad level of participation contributes immeasurably to the value
of the document as a planning tool.
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PROBLEM
Forest and rangelands are the source of most of the nation's water.
Estimates from records of the U.S. Geological Survey indicate that about
1.45 billion acre-feet flow annually from all forest and rangelands. In
the 11 western states, over 90 percent of the usable water originates in
high altitude watersheds which are largely forested.
Pollutants from nonpoint sources exert a significant influence on water
quality in the United States. Based on land use data, more than 97 percent
of the land area in the U.S. is a potential source of nonpoint pollution.
The potential for generation of nonpoint source pollution from forest and
rangelands is substantial. The actual quantities of pollutants discharged
to streams and other bodies of water are determined in large part by the
manner in which these lands are managed and by efforts made to control and
minimize pollution. Because of the increasing demands for natural resources
on public and private forest and related rangeland, it can be expected that
there will be more disturbance from timber harvest and forest roads, heavier
recreation and grazing use, and more waste disposal, fertilizers, and pesti-
cides. An increase in the potential for water pollution from forestry activ-
ties is, therefore, a certainty.
It is evident that no amount of investment, whether public or private,
or both, will be sufficient to insure attainment of the national water
quality goals without first coming to grips with the nonpoint source prob-
lem. Water-quality degradation caused by nonpoint sources may well emerge
as a barrier to achievement of national water quality goals as control of
point sources of pollution is attained.
R&D OBJECTIVES
The objective of the proposed R&D is to develop, where needed, improved
methods for predicting, evaluating, and controlling nonpoint source water
pollution for use in management of forest and rangelands.
DEFINITION OF NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION (NPSP)
The most comprehensive program ever enacted to enhance and maintain the
quality of waters in the nation became law on October 18, 1972. Known as the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 (PL 92-500), this law
mandates a sweeping Federal/State program to control water pollution. The
Act states that its objective is to "restore and maintain the chemical,
physical, and biological integrity of the nation's water." The Act sets
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two general goals to achieve the above. They are: (1) to eliminate, by
1985, the discharge of pollutants into the nation's water and (2) in interim
to achieve, wherever possible, by July 1, 1983, water that is clean enough
to support swimming and other recreational uses and clean enough for the pro-
tection and propagation of fish, shellfish, and wildlife.
Although PL 92-500 discusses two general sources of pollution—point
and nonpoint—the actual classification of sources of pollution into point
and nonpoing categories is difficult for certain activities such as silvi-
culture. The law is explicit in its definition of point sources of pollu-
tion. It defines point sources as "any discernible, confined, and discrete
conveyance, including but not limited to any pipe, ditch, channel, tunnel,
conduit, well, discrete fissure, container, rolling stock, concentrated
animal feeding operation, or vessel or other floating craft from which
pollutants are or may be discharged."
The identification of, and control methods for, nonpoint sources of
pollution are not explicitly detailed in the law. The law does recognize
that nonpoint sources of pollution exist and mandates that pollution caused
by runoff from forest lands as well as other nonpoint sources be controlled
to the extent feasible, in addition to the control of point sources, in
order to achieve the national goals for water quality.
Most pollution from forest and rangelands is nonpoint in origin and
thus defies treatment in the conventional sense. The major pollutants from
forest and range activities are sediment, nutrients, thermal, and pesticides.
All but the last of these, pesticides, are natural components of the eco-
system and may become pollutants when increased to the point where they
impair water quality or beneficial uses of the receiving waters. They are
not discharged in a continuous, defined manner. In most cases it is not
feasible to measure directly the pollution load—one of the most essential
pieces of information needed for environmental purposes. Furthermore, even
if the pollution load could be measured, it would, in most cases, be difficult
to determine the actual source and activity responsible for each pollutant.
It is necessary, therefore, to use less direct means for assessing the con-
tribution to water pollution from forest and range sources, and to determine
the effectiveness of methods for controlling or managing environmental impacts.
Nonpoint source pollutants are not brought together in manageable collec-
tion systems as is true of point sources, but rather are discharged from land
areas along the entire length of watercourses. Therefore, production tech-
nology must be integrated into management systems that will assure sustained
production and simultaneously protect or enhance the quality of our environ-
ments. These management systems will have to include elements that control
soil erosion and prevent movement of potential pollutants from forest and
rangelands into the nation's waters.
The definition of nonpoint sources of pollution is suggested from the
above. Definition: Nonpoint sources of pollution are those that pollute
receiving waters as a result of naturally occurring events such as precipi-
tation, seepage, runoff, earthquakes, etc., reacting with man's activities
on a source area, transition zone, or stream system.
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In PL 92-500 one of the broad categories for classifying pollution
potential is pollution that may emanate from "silvicultural" activities.
Silvicultural activities are normally considered as those activities that
control timber stand establishment, composition, growth, harvest, and trans-
port from the growing area. However, in this proposed program, all forest
and range management activities are considered as potential sources of water
pollution and will be evaluated.
In discussing classification of sources of pollution, it is important
that the objective of the restoration and maintenance of the quality of the
nation's waters be kept clearly in mind. Such classification is merely a
means of achieving the objective, not an end in itself. Therefore, sources
of potential pollution that are in question as to classification of source
should be considered in the context of what is the most efficient means of
control. Thus, control of pollution from a specific activity should not be
a separate add-on element in the land management process but should be an
integral component of the multi-objective decision process.
The principal pollutants considered herein include:
Sediments Thermal
Nutrients Dissolved solids
Pathogens Dissolved gases
Toxic minor elements Organic materials
Pesticides Viruses
Potential causal activities that are considered include:
Baseline (background) including natural variability
Timber harvest and associated skid trails, landings, and temporary
roads
Mechanical site preparation, seeding, planting, and vegetation
conversion
Permanent engineered roads and trails
Fire
Fertilization
Waste disposal
Grazing
Recreation
Pesticides
Lowhead impoundments
Stream improvement,channelization, and drainage
Mining (included in other analyses)
APPROACH AND EXPECTED ACCOMPLISHMENTS
The intent of the R&D described herein is to provide the fundamental
technology to be used by land managers and water quality management agencies
in meeting their responsibilities in regards to national water quality goals.
Of particular concern is the need of land managers and Federal, State, and
local water quality management agencies to meet their areawide waste management
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responsibilities on forest and rangelands under Section 208, PL 92-500.
Emphasis is placed on developing cost-effective nonpoint source pollution
(NPSP) control strategies that can be applied while maintaining or in-
creasing forest and range productivity.
The rationale for selecting R&D components (targets) was as follows:
Knowledge of physical and biological processes is essential to good predic-
tions of NPSP responses to management activities. Validated process models
can be used to simulate NPSP behavior under a wide variety of land and cli-
matic conditions and thus to estimate baseline NPSP and NPSP levels associated
with alternative resource management practices and NPSP control strategies.
Knowledge of the ecosystem impacts associated with different levels of
NPSP, combined with information on socioeconomic impacts provide a rational
basis for benefit/cost analysis and selection of the mix of best practices
for controlling NPSP.
Implementation of "best practices" can be expedited by making the fore-
going knowledge and procedure available to users through a technical infor-
mation system and by incorporating it into organizational systems for planning,
monitoring, and data management.
The program has been formulated in a manner to allow for development
of regional or program packages. Some of the major accomplishments expected
are: (1) identification of the nature and extent of nonpoint sources of
pollution generated by forest and range practices; (2) determination of the
interactions and effects of these pollutants on aquatic ecosystems and the
aquatic-terrestrial interface; (3) development of methodology for predicting
nonpoint pollution resulting from various land management practices, includ-
ing validation of predictive models; (4) development and evaluation of cost-
effective alternative management practices and guidelines to minimize water
pollution from nonpoint sources; (5) development of methods to predict and
evaluate the socioeconomic impacts of alternative management practices for
major forest and range ecosystems, and (6) transfer of technologies to land
managers and water quality management agencies.
The analysis includes several features that will be useful in planning
specific R&D programs. These include:
1. Summary tables of R&D within functional program areas of timber,
range and wildlife, and recreation.
2. Summary tables of R&D in program areas of common interest:
Baseline Low head impoundments
Roads Stream improvement
Mechanical site preparation Equipment development
Fire Measurement
Fertilization Ecosystem effects
Waste Socioeconomic effects
Pesticides Tools for NPSP management
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3. Regional priorities for individual R&D activities and for program
areas.
PLANNING TECHNIQUE
The analysis has been planned in accordance with the Convergence
Planning Technique. This technique involves the formulation of a series
of flows and arrays organized by structure of targets, subtargets, and
individual projects. The analysis is sequentially developed on the basis
of research logic and a Flow of Activities which will attain the stated
objectives.
An Activity is a technical approach that contributes to the achievement
of the objective and is appropriate for budgeting and progress accountability.
The Activity Flow is divided into Targets, Subtargets, and Arrays—the first
two being intermediate objectives. Successful completion of all Targets and
Subtargets would result in a convergence of achievement which will make
possible the realization of the objectives. Each target and subtarget must
be an essential component of the analysis. Their identification, selection,
and sequential arrangement is in accordance with research logic.
Within each Target or Subtarget, each Activity is assigned to one of
four Arrays:
1. Lead Array: The main effort—includes the Activities considered
most plausible for making the Target or Subtarget successful.
2. Optimizing Array: Includes those Activities which could optimize
the capability of Activities in the Lead Array to achieve the
Target or Subtarget objective.
3. Safeguard Array: Includes those activities which are the most
plausible as substitute technical approaches to the Activities
selected for the Lead and Optimizing Arrays. Safeguard Activi-
ties constitute the essential protection of the outcome against
the inherent research uncertainties regarding the outcome of the
Lead and Optimizing Arrays.
4. Supplementary Array; Includes Activities for which the probability
of their contributing positively to the Target or Subtarget objec-
tive is unknown; nevertheless, their results could bring about
major changes in the Lead Array. Some of these Activities may be
"high risk" or "far out" applied research. Some may be long-
range fundamental research. At least some Activities in this Array
are essential to complete the protection of the Lead Array from
inherent uncertainty of outcome and to encourage unusual technical
approaches.
The Activity Schedule is the basic working document of the plan. It
provides the basis for: (1) information needed for budget summarization
and Activity screening or selection; (2) considering the impact of different
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funding levels; (3) an implicit statement of accomplishment expected in a
specified period of time; and (4) identifying milestones and evaluating the
progress.
Only activities requiring new research are listed. Activities are of
necessity stated in rather broad terms and it is recognized that some research
information will already be available within some of the activities. In any
event, the intent is to avoid duplication of past research and to build on
the existing base of knowledge.
As a program progresses, research findings in any of the arrays may point
up inadequacies in the logic in the Lead Array. Furthermore, Activities in
the Optimizing, Safeguard, and Supplementary Arrays may become part of the
Lead Array; or some of the results of Safeguard, Optimizing, and Supplementary
Activities may point to new approaches for inclusion in the Lead Array.
Before preparing the arrays, all possible components of the NPSP problem
area were considered for inclusion. A complete and lengthy outline of poten-
tially researchable items was developed. The items were then rated by the
workgroup members to establish priorities. Rating priorities were determined
from the formula R=WP where:
R = The numerical rating value from 1 to 15
W = The expected worth of new research knowledge on a scale of 1 to 5.
Higher values indicated a greater need for this information.
P = The probability that productive research could be conducted within
a 5-year period. This component considered difficulty of methods
available for research, expected costs in relation to other research
needs, and the likelihood that known approaches would yield useable
results. The P values were listed on a scale of 1 to 3 with higher
values indicating a high probability of success.
Only items having R values of 8 or higher were incorporated in the
"Activity Flow." I/ This was then expanded into an "Activity Schedule"
which describes in more detail the timing of different elements of each
activity over a 5-year period. Estimates of the professional person years
(PPYs) required for each activity are shown on the Activity Schedule Tables.
PPYs were used rather than SYs (Scientist Years) to reflect the fact that
the program will be implemented by a broad spectrum of professionals in-
cluding scientists, engineers, foresters, and others.
Priorities among program areas, pollutants, and geographic regions were
based initially on expected trends in land use activities and sensitivity to
NPSP. They were then adjusted on the basis of additional input from: (1) all
Forest Service Experiment Stations, Regions, and State and Private Forestry
Areas; (2) Forest Service staff groups in Washington; and (3) representatives
of universities and other agencies who participated in the initial planning and
development of background material.
lYOther lower priority activities that were identified can be supplied on
request.
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OUTLINE OF; R&D NEEDS
TARGET 1
1. IMPROVED METHODS FOR ASSESSING, PREDICTING, AND CONTROLLING NPSP.
1.1 QUANTIFY NPSP PROCESSES.
1.1.1 Quantify normal baseline (background) NPSP processes
including natural variability.
1.1.2 Quantify NPSP processes affected by timber harvest,
associated skid trails, landings and temporary roads.
1.1.3 Quantify NPSP processes affected by mechanical site prep-
aration, seeding, planting and vegetation conversion.
1.1.4 Quantify NPSP processes affected by permanent, engineered
roads and trails.
1.1.5 Quantify NPSP processes affected by fire.
1.1.6 Quantify NPSP processes affected by fertilization.
1.1.7 Quantify NPSP processes affected by waste disposal.
1.1.8 Quantify NPSP processes affected by grazing.
1.1.9 Quantify NPSP processes affected by recreation.
1.1.10 Quantify NPSP processes affected by pesticides.
1.1.11 Quantify NPSP processes affected by low head impoundments.
1.1.12 Quantify NPSP processes affected by stream improvement,
channelization, and drainage.
1.1.13 Quantify NPSP processes affected by mining.
1.2 DEVELOP AND TEST IMPROVED METHODS FOR PREDICTING NPSP FOR COMPARA-
TIVE EVALUATION OF FOREST AND RANGE PRACTICES AND CONTROL STRATEGIES,
1.2.1 Develop and test improved methods for predicting baseline
NPSP processes.
1.2.2 Develop and test improved methods for predicting effects
on NPSP of timber harvesting.
1.2.3 Develop and test improved methods for predicting effects
on NPSP of mechanical site preparation.
1.2.4 Develop and test improved methods for predicting effects
on NPSP of roads and trails.
1.2.5 Develop and test improved methods for predicting effects
on NPSP of fire.
1.2.6 Develop and test improved methods for predicting effects
on NPSP of fertilization.
1.2.7 Develop and test improved methods for predicting effects
on NPSP of waste disposal.
1.2.8 Develop and test improved methods for predicting effects
on NPSP of grazing.
1.2.9 Develop and test improved methods for predicting effects
on NPSP of recreation.
1.2.10 Develop and test improved methods for predicting effects
on NPSP of pesticides.
1.2.11 Develop and test improved methods for predicting effects
on NPSP of low head impoundments.
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1.2.12 Develop and test improved methods for predicting effects
on NPSP of stream improvements, channelization and drainage.
1.2.13 Develop and test improved methods for predicting effects
on NPSP of mining.
1.3 DEVELOP NEW OR IMPROVED TECHNIQUES FOR CONTROLLING NPSP.
1.3.1 New methods for normal-baseline NPSP (No arrays; covered
under monitoring, 1.4).
1.3.2 New timber management practices.
1.3.3 New mechanical site preparation practices.
1.3.4 New methods for roads and trails.
1.3.5 New fire practices.
1.3.6 New fertilization practices.
1.3.7 New waste disposal practices.
1.3.8 New range management practices.
1.3.9 New recreation practices (No arrays).
1.3.10 New pesticide practices.
1.3.11 New methods for low head impoundments (No arrays).
1.3.12 New stream improvement and drainage practices.
1.3.13 New mining practices (No arrays).
1.3.14 New mechanical equipment.
1.4 DEVELOP IMPROVED METHODS FOR NPSP MEASUREMENTS AND ASSESSMENTS (to
be coordinated with interagency program on Recommended Methods for
Water Data Acquisition and Resource Planning Act needs).
1.4.1 Develop easily measured indicators for use in estimating
NPSP parameters or classes of parameters.
1.4.2 Select parameters, indicators, and quantity of data needed
to efficiently characterize the impact of management activi-
ties on water quality and other environmental factors.
1.4.3 Survey and evaluate field measurements and sampling tech-
niques and make recommendations for technique selection.
1.4.4 Survey and evaluate instrumentation used for measuring
pertinent pollutants and make recommendations for instrumen-
tation selection pertinent to monitoring and assessment
programs.
1.4.5 Survey and evaluate pollutant analysis procedures and make
recommendations for standard methods pertinent to monitoring
and assessment programs.
1.4.6 Develop new measuring techniques (methods) for use in NPSP
monitoring and assessment programs.
1.4.7 Identify data needs for establishing baseline conditions.
1.4.8 Develop procedures for water quality assessment for Resources
Planning Act.
TARGET 2
2. IMPROVED ASSESSMENT OF NPSP EFFECTS ON ECOSYSTEMS.
2.1 DETERMINE EFFECTS OF NPSP ON AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS.
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2.1.1 Determine effects of NPSP on aquatic flora and fauna.
2.1.2 Determine habitat requirements of aquatic flora and fauna.
2.2 DETERMINE EFFECTS OF NPSP ON THE AQUATIC-TERRESTRIAL INTERFACE.
2.2.1 Determine effects of NPSP on flora and fauna in the aquatic-
terrestrial interface.
2.2.2 Determine habitat requirements of flora and fauna in the
aquatic-terrestrial interface (No arrays).
2.3 DETERMINE EFFECTS OF NPSP ON TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS.
2.3.1 Determine effects of NPSP on terrestrial flora and fauna.
2.3.2 Determine habitat requirements of terrestrial flora and fauna
subject to NPSP influence (No arrays).
2.3.3 Determine reduced productivity at source as a result of
soil and nutrient loss.
TARGET 3
3. IMPROVED METHODS AND CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING SOCIOECONOMIC EFFECTS OF
NPSP AND NPSP CONTROLS.
3.'l DEVELOP METHODS AND CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING ADVERSE SOCIOECONOMIC
EFFECTS OF NPSP.
3.1.1 Determine adverse effects of NPSP on recreation activities
and esthetic quality.
3.1.2 Determine obvious adverse impacts of NPSP on the demand for
and value ($ and non $) of recreation activities, agricul-
tural activities, and other water resources activities.
3.1.3 Determine value and costs of health related impacts of NPSP.
3.2 DEVELOP METHODS AND CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING SOCIOECONOMIC EFFECTS
OF NPSP FIELD CONTROLS.
3.2.1 Quantify and determine $ value of changes in production of
(heavily impacted forest related) goods and services result-
ing from various kinds and levels of NPSP controls.
3.2.2 Estimate direct costs of implementing promising field con-
trols.
3.2.3 Outline obvious secondary socioeconomic impacts of NPSP
controls.
3.2.4 Identify significant equity implications of various kinds
and levels of NPSP controls.
3.2.5 Array according to cost alternatives to achieve desired
levels of NPSP controls.
3.3 DEVELOP METHODS AND CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING SOCIOECONOMIC EFFECTS
OF INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS (including both voluntary and regulatory)
FOR NPSP CONTROL.
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3.3.1 Identify alternative approaches using institutional
(voluntary and regulatory) methods for control.
3.3.2 Determine direct costs of implementing promising institu-
tional mechanisms for control.
3.3.3 Outline indirect and social costs of implementing institu-
tional mechanisms for NPSP controls.
3.3.4 Determine (least costly alternative) institutional mechanisms
to achieve NPSP control.
3.3.5 Identify costs of inequity in State and local governmental
implementation plans.
3.4 PILOT TEST ALTERNATE INSTITUTIONAL CONTROL SCENARIOS FOR EFFECTIVE-
NESS IN CONTROLLING NPSP.
3.4.1 Identify locations, pollutants, and procedures for pilot
tests.
3.4.2 Conduct pilot tests.
3.4.3 Evaluate the results of pilot testing.
TARGET 4
4. IMPROVED TOOLS FOR NPSP MANAGEMENT.
4.1 DEVELOP AN NPSP TECHNICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM.
4.1.1 Identify requirements for an NPSP technical information
system.
4.1.2 Review technical information systems currently available to
assure that duplication of current or planned service would
not occur.
4.1.3 Implement development of an NPSP technical information
system.
4.1.4 Develop teaching manuals and other training aids for the
NPSP technical information system.
4.2 DEVELOP NPSP DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.
4.2.1 Identify requirements for an NPSP data management system.
4.2.2 Review all the existing data management procedures avail-
able in water resources including those developed under
Target 1.
4.2.3 Implement the development of an NPSP data management system.
4.3 IDENTIFY OPTIMAL NPSP MONITORING SYSTEMS.
4.3.1 Review monitoring/measuring techniques researched in
Target 1.
4.3.2 Develop cost-effectiveness of alternate monitoring methodol-
ogies.
4.3.3 Select an optimal set of monitoring procedures.
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4.4 DEVELOP INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL TOOLS FOR SELECTING BEST MANAGE-
MENT PRACTICES AND CONTROLS.
4.4.1 Identify need for and provide procedures to evaluate insti-
tutional mechanisms and constraints on NPSP and its manage-
ment.
4.4.2 Develop operational systems for evaluating effects of forest
and range activities on NPSP.
4.4.3 Develop techniques for evaluating socioeconomic costs and
benefits of NPSP practices and controls both field and
institutional.
4.4.4 Integrate NPSP management tools into other resource manage-
ment systems.
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ACTIVITY FLOW
TARGET 1
1. IMPROVED METHODS FOR ASSESSING, PREDICTING, AND CONTROLLING NPSP.
1.1 QUANTIFY NPSP PROCESSES IN ORDER TO IMPROVE ABILITY TO PREDICT NPSP.
1.1.1 Quantify normal baseline (background) NPSP processes in-
cluding natural variability.
Lead Array
1. Quantify litter, vegetation and soil surface characteristics
controlling water movement, sediment detachment and transport
on the soil surface.
2. Quantify processes including subsurface water movement, con-
trolling mass wasting and transport on slopes to streams.
3. Quantify processes controlling erosion, transport, deposition,
and morphological processes in stream channels and water bodies.
4. Quantify nutrient transfer to streams by soil erosion and
litter transport processes, including surface erosion and the
various processes of mass wasting.
5. Quantify processes controlling chemistry of water leaving the
biologically active portion of the soil.
6. Develop input and transfer rates of pathogens in natural eco-
systems to establish necessary baseline data.
7. Develop baseline levels of concentrations of potentially toxic
materials in plants, animals, and water in relation to soil,
geology and other site characteristics.
8. Determine baseline levels of persistent pesticides in natural
systems including aquatic organisms.
9. Quantify subsurface geochemical processes acting on inflows
to subsoil from biologically active portion of soil and
eventually determining chemistry of subsurface water flowing
to streams or groundwater reservoirs.
Optimizing Array
10. Determine frequency, triggering events and severity of damage
from catastrophic water and sediment yields.
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Supplementary Array
11. Develop baseline levels of various other non-bacterial patho-
gens in surface waters in forests and rangelands.
12. Quantify understanding of processes that control rates of
formation and redistribution of soil materials.
13. Determine the variability of nutrient inputs from atmospheric
sources in time and space.
14. Quantify effects of atmospheric pollution from man-caused
sources on biological processes controlling nutrient processes.
15. Quantify effects of large woody detritus (logs-roots) on
nutrient retention.
16. Determine how climate acting on vegetation and microorganisms
controls the outflow of nutrients essential to forest growth.
17. Determine how geomorphic factors such as basin shape, stream
density, and slope may control nutrient outflow.
18. Determine effects of potentially toxic minor chemical elements
on wildlife and grazing animals in relation to plant concen-
trations and soil characteristics.
1.1.2 Quantify NPSP processes affected by timber harvest activities
including timber harvest and associated skid trails, landings
and temporary roads.
Lead Array
1. Determine effects of timber harvest on transport of detached
sediment by water and dry ravel in relation to surface disturb-
ance and vegetation recovery. (coordinate with 1.1.3.1)
2. Determine effects on processes controlling mass wasting and trans-
port to streams, (coordinate with 1.1.3.2)
3. Determine effects on erosion, transport processes, deposition
and morphological processes in streams and water bodies.
(coordinate with 1.1.3.3)
4. Determine effects on soil solution chemistry in the biologically
active zone and transfer of nutrients to streams.
(coordinate with 1.1.3.4)
5. Determine nitrogen inputs by fixation to replace nitrogen supply
depleted by leaching.
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6. Quantify effects of organic matter loading on instream nutrient
processes and dissolved oxygen.
Supplementary Array
7. Develop quantitative understanding of regeneration and revegeta-
tion processes.
1.1.3 Quantify NPSP processes affected by mechanical site prepara-
tion, seeding, planting and vegetation conversion.
Lead Array
1. Effects of soil compaction and surface soil disturbance"on
detachment and transport of soil and organic matter to streams.
(coordinate with 1.1.2.1)
2. Effects on mass wasting processes and transport.
(coordinate with 1.1.2.2)
3. Effects on channel processes including bank erosion, deposition,
morphological processes. (coordinate with 1.1.2.3)
4. Effects on soil solution chemistry in the biologically active
zone and transfer of nutrients to streams. (coordinate with
1.1.2.4)
1.1.4 Quantify NPSP processes affected by permanent, engineered
roads and trails.
Lead Array
1. Synthesize existing information regarding the sediment producing
characteristics of the elements of a road. Those elements to be
considered are soil type, cuts, fills, aspect, grade, slope,
surfacing, drainage and alignment.
2. Conduct field experiments to measure, quantify and predict
sedimentation processes affected by road elements, configura-
tions, and construction and operation activities. To be con-
sidered are soil type, cuts, fills, aspect, grade, slope, sur-
facing, drainage, alignment construction activities, maintenance
and season of use. The field experiments will be conducted in
areas having relatively high NPSP sensitivity and where construc-
tion expenditures are expected to be high.
3. Quantify effects of roads and trails on the occurrence, magnitude,
and frequency of landslides and the subsequent production of
sediment to stream channels.
4. Determine effects of roads on thermal processes and thermal load-
ing of the aquatic system.
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5. Determine effects of roads on nutrients and dissolved solids
(including road salt, bituminous emulsions, soil stabilizers,
organic matter, and dissolved gases) with respect to NPSP.
Supplementary Array
6. Identify other techniques having potential for quantifying
sediment production from the various elements of a road. Tech-
niques that might be considered are dyes, trace elements, fluo-
rescence, radioactive and remote sensing.
1.1.5 Quantify NPSP processes affected by fire.
Lead Array
1. Determine effects of fire on surface soil detachment and trans-
port processes.
2. Determine effects on soil mass wasting detachment and transport
processes.
3. Determine effects on erosion, transport and deposition processes
in stream channels.
4. Quantify effects on soil solution chemistry in the biologically
active zone.
Supplementary Array
5. Determine effects of organic loadings and temperature on instream
processes and dissolved gases.
6. Determine effects of toxic materials on biological processes in
soil on slopes and in channels.
1.1.6 Quantify NPSP processes affected by fertilization.
Supplementary Array
1. Determine effects on nutrient processes in litter and soil
mantle.
2. Determine the concentration of potentially toxic minor elements
in plants in relation to soil characteristics and loading rate
from fertilizer impurities.
1.1.7 Quantify NPSP processes affected by waste disposal.
Lead Array
1. Develop generative and transfer rates for process model inputs
for pathogens in lands used for treatment of wastes in terms
of waste characteristics and hydrologic parameters.
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2. Determine the input and transfer of viruses and other non-
bacterial pathogens in lands used for treatment of wastes.
3. Develop generative and transfer rates of potentially toxic
minor elements in plants, soils, animals and water for non-
agricultural land treatment of wastes, including industrial
processing wastes.
A. Develop generative and transfer rates of nitrate and phosphorus
from forest and range ecosystems fertilized with sewage and
sludge and forest industrial waste products.
5. Determine the input, transfer and disposition of pesticides and
other toxic materials introduced into ecosystems by land treat-
ment of wastes.
6. Determine movements of viruses through soils and air in lands
used for treatment of wastes in relation to virus contamination
of groundwater and surface water.
1.1.8 Quantify NPSP processes affected by grazing.
Lead Array
1. Determine effects of grazing on surface and channel erosion pro-
cesses in terms of animal loading and hydrologic parameters.
2. Determine effects of common range management practices on nutrient
cycling in plants and soil and nutrient losses by surface and
subsurface routes, by region.
3. Develop generative and transfer rates for process model inputs
for pathogens, sediment, and nutrients in grazed lands in terms
of animal loading and hydrologic parameters.
1.1.9 Quantify NPSP processes affected by recreation.
Lead Array
1. Develop generative and transfer rates for process model inputs
for pathogens in relation to recreational uses in terms of animal
and human loading and hydrologic parameters.
2. Develop input rates of nutrients to surface water in relation to
intensity of dispersed recreation and hydrologic parameters
(including off-road-vehicles).
3. Determine effects of recreation activities (including ORV's) on
surface soil detachment, sediment transport and deposition pro-
cesses.
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Supplementary Array
4. Determine effects of dispersed recreation on bank erosion pro-
cesses.
1.1.10 Quantify NPSP processes affected by pesticides.
Lead Array
1. Develop input and transfer processes for pesticides in relation to
movement of water through the ecosystem to include direct applica-
tion to surface water, rain wash from vegetation, mobilization of
residues in dry channels, overland transport in solution and
attached to sediments, leaching through soil profile and movement
with debris and other organic materials.
2. Establish persistence characteristics of pesticides in terms of
volatilization, absorption to colloids and solution characteris-
tics.
3. Determine the transfer of pesticides in aquatic systems including
uptake by organisms, partition between water and sediments and
persistence.
4. Effects of pesticide movement from road, trail, and utility right-
of-way maintenance.
1.1.11 Quantify NPSP processes affected by low head impoundments.
Supplementary Array
1. Quantify physical, chemical, and biological processes in low head
impoundments and associated channels, including sediment, thermal,
nutrients, organic matter and dissolved solids and gases.
1.1.12 Quantify NPSP processes affected by stream improvement,
channelization, and drainage.
Lead Array
1. Determine effects of stream improvement, channelization, drainage,
debris removal, etc. on channel erosion and sediment transport
and deposition processes.
2. Determine effects of stream improvements on channel morphology.
Supplementary Array
3. Improve understanding of the effects of stream improvement prac-
tices and channelization on water transport processes in the
channel.
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4. Determine effects of stream improvement and forest drainage on
channel and water body temperatures.
5. Determine effects of forest drainage on nutrient outflows.
1.1.13 Quantify NPSP processes affected by mining.
(Note: these activities are included in planning documents for
SEAM (Surface Environment and Mining) and Surface Mined Area
Rehabilitation, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. These
programs include R&D activities designed to develop alternative
methods to minimize adverse impacts of mining on water quality,
thus, no arrays are shown herein).
1.2 DEVELOP AND TEST IMPROVED METHODS FOR PREDICTING NPSP FOR COMPARATIVE
EVALUATION OF FOREST AND RANGE PRACTICES AND CONTROL STRATEGIES.
1.2.1 Develop and test improved methods for predicting baseline NPSP
processes.
Lead Array
1. Install baseline NPSP studies on selected watersheds.
2. Develop an initial, modular, linked set of conceptual models
for quantitatively predicting NPSP based on a synthesis of
existing knowledge.
3. Improve, test, evaluate, refine, and validate the system of
process models for quantitative prediction of normal NPSP pro-
cesses.
4. Simplify and regionalize the system of process modules into
user oriented modular planning models for quantitative predic-
tion of baseline NPSP.
5. Develop model components for generation of climatic inputs.
Safeguard Array
6. Develop, refine, and regionalize empirical techniques for quan-
titative prediction of baseline NPSP using existing data and
knowledge.
Supplementary Array
7. Model effects of atmospheric pollution on NPSP processes.
8. Model effects of short and long term climatic changes and
weather modification on NPSP processes.
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1.2.2 Develop and test improved methods for predicting effects on
NPSP of different systems and levels of timber harvesting.
.Lead Array
1. Develop an initial modular, linked set of conceptual models for
quantitative prediction of effects of forest and range activities
on NPSP based on a synthesis of existing knowledge.
2. Develop site specific field studies to quantify NPSP from har-
vesting. This includes design of harvesting studies and selec-
tion of harvesting systems for field testing.
3. Develop component models for predicting effects on water and
sediment processes.
A. Develop component models for predicting effects on nutrients,
organic matter, dissolved solids and gases.
5. Develop component models for predicting effects on thermal pro-
cesses and loading.
Safeguard Array
6. Conduct survey-type studies on existing harvesting operations
and develop empirical prediction equations for NPSP from har-
vesting operations not specifically designed for study purposes.
7. Develop, refine and regionalize empirical models for effects of
activities on NPSP processes.
8. Model effects of natural catastrophes (insect outbreaks, wind-
throw) on NPSP processes.
1.2.3 Develop and test improved methods for predicting effects on
NPSP of mechanical site preparation.
Lead Array
1. Synthesize and rank in order of importance to NPSP the mechani-
cal techniques used for species conversion, improvement of
species composition, and cultural treatments of forest and range-
lands including chaining, discing, plowing, tree-crushing, shear-
ing, ripping, root raking, windrowing, bedding, terracing, scalp-
ing, and planting.
2. Develop model components for prediction of site preparation
effects on water and sediment on thermal processes, nutrients,
organic matter, dissolved solids, and gases.
1.2.4 Develop improved methods for predicting effects on NPSP of
roads and trails.
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Lead Array
1. Determine the Influence of road planning on NPSP sediment produc-
tion considering road location and its relationship to geology,
geomorphology, soil erodibility and climate.
2. Determine effect of road construction techniques and operation on
NPSP sediment production considering soil erodibility, type of
equipment, sequence of operations, area of bare soil exposed,
adequacy and reliability on inspection and probability for revege-
tation success.
3. Determine effect of road construction and operation schedule
(i.e., time of year construction takes place) with respect to
NPSP sediment production from predictable annual hydrologic
events (i.e., rainy season, snow melt, high intensity storms,
etc.
4. Develop model components for predicting effects of roads and
trails on water and sediment processes.
5. Develop model components for predicting effects on nutrient
processes.
6. Develop model components for predicting effects of roads and
road drainage systems on temperature processes.
7. Synthesize existing information regarding the effectiveness of
planning in the road building process to avoid or reduce NPSP
sediment production from roads with particular emphasis on log-
ging roads in a forest environment.
8. Synthesize existing information regarding road construction and
operation techniques and scheduling with respect to NPSP sediment
production. Specific information shall be accumulated and syn-
thesized regarding logging roads in a forest environment.
1.2.5 Develop and test improved methods for predicting effects on
NPSP of fire.
Lead Array
1. Identify areas and burning techniques most likely to cause NPSP
problems.
2. Develop site specific field studies to quantify NPSP from pre-
scribed burning. This includes design of studies and selection
of systems for field testing.
3. Develop model component for predicting effects of fire on water,
sediment, thermal, nutrients, organic matter, dissolved solids,
and dissolved gases.
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1.2.6 Develop and test improved methods for predicting effects on
NPSP of fertilization.
,A ;
Lead Array
1. Install studies on sites representative of conditions in geo-
graphic areas of major forestry activities. Apply fertilizer,
cutting, and site preparation treatments and measure nutrient
outflow.
2. Develop model components for predicting effects of fertilization
on nutrient processes.
1.2.7 Develop and test improved methods for predicting effects on
NPSP of waste disposal.
Lead Array
1. Develop component models for predicting effects of waste disposal
on water, temperature, nutrient, microbes, and toxic minor ele-
ments.
2. Field test waste disposal methods for confirmation of prediction
models, including tests of effluent irrigation, sludge fertiliza-
tion and solid waste disposal.
1.2.8 Develop and test improved methods for predicting effects of
grazing on NPSP.
Lead Array
1. Conduct field.studies to evaluate the effects of selected grazing
systems including seasons of use on NPSP (in relation to topog-
raphy, soils, climate, and ecosystem).
2. Conduct field studies to evaluate the effects of kinds of animals,
stocking rates and grazing patterns on NPSP (in relation to
topography, soils, climate, and ecosystem).
3. Conduct field studies to evaluate wildlife as a source of bacte-
riological and pathogenic contaminants in NPSP.
4. Develop model components for predicting effects of grazing on
water, sediment, thermal, nutrient, organic matter, dissolved
solids, gases, and bacterial health hazards.
1.2.9 Develop and test improved methods for predicting effects on
NPSP of recreation.
Lead Array
1. Conduct field studies of high potential NPSP recreation use.
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2. Develop model components for predicting effects of recreation
use on water, sediment, thermal, nutrient, organic matter,
dissolved solids, gases and bacterial health hazards.
1.2.10 Develop and test improved methods for predicting effects on
NPSP of pesticides.
Lead Array
1. Apply selected pesticides on high-hazard study situations under
laboratory, greenhouse, and highly controlled conditions, and
measure resulting NPSP.
2. Develop model components for predicting effects of pesticides on
pesticide cycling, source, sink, transport, and loading processes,
water and sediment processes, nutrients, organic matter, dis-
solved solids, and dissolved gases.
1.2.11 Develop and test improved methods for predicting effects on
NPSP of low head impoundments.
Lead Array
1. Locate and instrument sites to field test predictive models and
study processes where data knowledge is lacking.
2. Develop model components for predicting effects on chemical pro-
cesses.
1.2.12 Develop and test improved methods for predicting effects on
NPSP of stream improvements, channelization and drainage.
Lead Array
1. Develop model components for predicting effects of stream improve-
ment and channelization on water, sediment, nutrient, and tem-
perature processes.
2. Develop model components for effects of drainage on salt water
intrusion and groundwater quality.
Safeguard Array
3. Compare and rank effectiveness of major forest and range types
for controlling NPSP (trees vs. shrubs, hardwoods vs. conifers,
etc.).
1.2.13 Develop and test improved methods for predicting effects on
NPSP of mining.
(Note: these activities are included in planning documents for
SEAM (Surface Environment and Mining) and Surface Mined Area
Rehabilitation, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. These
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programs include R&D activities designed to develop alternative
methods to minimize adverse impacts of mining on water quality,
thus, no arrays are shown herein).
1.3 DEVELOP NEW OR IMPROVED TECHNIQUES FOR CONTROLLING NPSP.
1.3.1 New methods for normal-baseline NPSP (No arrays; covered under
monitoring, 1.4).
1.3.2 New timber management practices.
Lead Array
1. Integrate available research data on harvesting methods and
develop guidelines to minimize or limit the impact and duration
of NPSP.
2. Integrate available research data and conduct field tests to
develop recommended methods for reforestation, including timely
replanting to minimize or limit NPSP.
3. Develop new or modify harvesting systems to limit NPSP.
1.3.3 New mechanical site preparation practices.
Lead Array
1. Develop regional prescriptions for regeneration for NPSP problem
areas including consideration of species and forest types based
on results from harvesting research (1.2.2) and results from site
preparation research—mechanical (1.2.3), controlled burning
(1.2.5) and chemical (1.2.10).
2. Identify and test chemicals acceptable to NPSP to alter vegeta-
tion as an alternative to mechanical site preparation.
3. Test and evaluate new methods to restore and stabilize disturbed
sites.
1.3.4 New methods for roads and trails.
Lead Array
1. Investigate criteria for recognizing NPSP in design of roads on
steep slopes and sensitive areas and associated use areas such
as landings, spur roads intersections and overviews.
2. Investigate feasibility of promising new methods of road construc-
tion for reduction and control of NPSP.
1.3.5 New fire practices.
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Lead Array
1. Develop prescriptions for curbing NPSP.
1.3.6 New fertilization practices.
Safeguard Array
1. Using knowledge presently available, develop prescriptions aimed
at minimizing nutrient NPSP from fertilizer application and from
enhanced mineralization following other management activities.
2. Develop prescriptions for curbing NPSP from fertilizer applica-
tion and from enhanced mineralization following other management
activities.
1.3.7 New waste disposal practices.
Lead Array
1. Develop improved forest cropping systems to minimize nutrient
discharge from waste disposal areas.
2. Develop application methods for waste recycling on established
forests and rangelands to maximize area available for this use
and reduce overloading sites.
3. Develop organic waste-sewage waste combination for soil amend-
ments to reduce nutrient release from waste disposal areas.
1.3.8 New range management practices.
Supplementary Array
1. Evaluate use of soil binding chemicals for stabilizing soil
practices on NPSP - critical or sensitive lands. Study the use
of mechanical harvesting techniques to provide forage supplies
from critical NPSP lands.
2. Test livestock management systems and their contribution to path-
ogenic, nutrient, and sediment NPSP.
1.3.9 New recreation practices (No arrays).
1.3.10 New pesticide practices.
Safeguard Array
1. Evaluate and synthesize existing information on subject to
develop prescriptions aimed at curbing pesticide entry into
surface and groundwaters.
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Supplementary Array
2. Develop new pesticides which degrade more rapidly and/or are
less subject to transport to water courses.
3. Develop alternatives to pesticide use: biological control
measures.
1.3.11 New methods for low head impoundment (No arrays).
1.3.12 New stream improvement and drainage practices.
Supplementary Array
1. Conduct studies to determine effectiveness of planting supple-
mentary vegetation, changing species composition, fertilization,
developing understory, etc.
2. Investigate physical methods to control NPSP from high hazard
areas, as a supplement to filter and green strips.
1.3.13 New mining practices.
(Note: these activities are included in planning documents for
SEAM (Surface Environment and Mining) and Surface Mined Area
Rehabilitation, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. These
programs include R&D activities designed to develop alternative
methods to minimize adverse impacts of mining on water quality,
thus, no arrays are shown herein).
1.3.14 New mechanical equipment.
Lead Array
1. New mechanical equipment.
1.4 DEVELOP IMPROVED METHODS FOR NPSP MEASUREMENT AND ASSESSMENT (to be
coordinated with the Interagency Program on Recommended Methods for
Water Data Acquisition and Resources Planning Act needs).
1.4.1 Develop easily measured indicators for use in estimating NPSP
parameters or classes of parameters.
Lead Array
1. Test light transmittance (turbidity) conductivity, color, pH,
microbiological and other indicators for their integration
efficiency and predictive capability.
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Optimizing Array
2. Develop improved techniques for measuring inputs and movements of
pathogenic bacteria through forest and range ecosystems—inducing
evaluation of fecal coliforms as indicators.
1.4.2 Select parameters, indicators, and quantity of data needed to
efficiently characterize the impact of management activities
on environmental factors affecting water quality.
Lead Array
1. Utilizing input from Target 1.2, determine data requirements
needed for predictive model verification, compliance, and evalua-
tion of management practices, control measures.
1.4.3 Survey and evaluate field measurements and sampling techniques
and make recommendations for technique selection.
Lead Array
1. Determine relative effectiveness of monitoring management
practice vs. monitoring effects of the practice.
2. Determine criteria for optimum measurement locations for monitor-
ing NPSP pollutants with respect to management activities.
3. Develop criteria for sample (or observation) site selection for
both on-site and in-stream locations.
4. Develop criteria for sample collection (or observation) proce-
dures for both on-site and in-stream locations.
5. Develop criteria for frequency of sampling (observations) at both
on-site and in-stream locations.
6. Develop statistical procedures to optimize data requirements for
monitoring programs.
1.4.4 Survey and evaluate instrumentation used for measuring perti-
nent pollutants and make recommendations for instrumentation
selection pertinent to monitoring and assessment program.
Lead Array
1. Evaluate instrument accuracy and sensitivity.
2. Evaluate instruments' reliability, ruggedness, and portability.
3. Evaluate instruments' availability.
4. Evaluate instrument cost.
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5. Recommend instrumentation for accomplishing NPSP monitoring and
assessment tasks at least cost.
1.4.5 Survey and evaluate pollutant analysis procedures and make
recommendations for standard methods pertinent to monitoring
and assessments programs.
Lead Array
1. Evaluate and recommend sample storage requirements.
2. Evaluate and recommend field and laboratory procedures.
3. Develop a uniform set of guidelines for analysis procedures
that will meet the needs for an NPSP monitoring and assessment
program.
1.4.6 Develop new measuring techniques (methods) for use in NPSP
monitoring and assessment programs.
Lead Array
1. Investigate capabilities for remote sensing and other techniques
for use in NPSP monitoring and assessment programs.
1.4.7 Identify data needs for establishing baseline conditions.
Lead Array
1. Determine criteria for evaluating expected natural variability
of constituents that could become NPSP pollutants (See 1.1.1).
1.4.8 Develop procedures for water quality assessments for the
Resources Planning Act.
Lead Array
1. Determine requirements of RPA for water quality assessment.
2. Select procedures for estimating water quality under alternative
management levels.
3. Adapt procedures to Forest Service heirarchical land classifica-
tion system and other regional assessment units.
TARGET 2
2. IMPROVED ASSESSMENT OF NPSP EFFECTS ON ECOSYSTEMS.
2.1 DETERMINE EFFECTS OF NPSP ON AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS.
2.1.1 Determine effects of NPSP on aquatic flora and fauna.
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Lead Array
1. Evaluate the effects of herbicides on rooted aquatic vegetation.
2. Characterize the effects of turbidity on rooted aquatic vegeta-
tion.
3. Evaluate the effects of herbicides on nonrooted aquatic vege-
tation.
4. Measure the effects of pesticides on zoo-plankton.
5. Evaluate the effects of pesticides on aquatic invertebrates.
6. Determine the effects of sediment on fish and associated key
aquatic organisms.
7. Measure the effects of temperature on fish and associated key
aquatic organisms.
8. Measure the effects of pesticides on fish and associated key
aquatic organisms.
9. Characterize the effects of turbidity on fish and associated key
aquatic organisms.
Optimizing Array
10. Summarize the existing literature on the effects of dissolved
gases on fish.
2.1.2 Determine habitat requirements of aquatic flora and fauna.
Lead Array
1. Determine water velocity tolerances of rooted vegetation.
2. Characterize the physical substrate requirements of fish and
associated key aquatic organisms.
3. Determine the water temperature requirements for fish.
4. Assess the water velocity requirements of fish and associated
key aquatic organisms.
5. Measure the cover requirements needed by fish.
Optimizing Array
6. Summarize the existing literature on the requirements of fish for
water dissolved gases.
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7. Synthesize the existing information on the light requirements of
rooted aquatic vegetation.
2.2 DETERMINE EFFECTS OF NPSP ON THE AQUATIC-TERRESTRIAL INTERFACE
ECOSYSTEMS.
2.2.1 Determine effects of NPSP on flora and fauna in the aquatic-
terrestrial interface.
Optimizing Array
1. Summarize existing information on the effects of herbicides on
aquatic emergent vegetation.
2. Summarize existing information on the effects of herbicides on
riparian vegetation.
2.2.2 Determine habitat requirements of flora and fauna in the
aquatic-terrestrial interface (No arrays).
2.3 DETERMINE EFFECTS OF NPSP ON TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS.
2.3.1 Determine effects of NPSP on terrestrial flora and fauna.
Optimizing Array
1. Summarize applicable existing information on the effects of
pathogens on man.
2.3.2 Determine habitat requirements of terrestrial flora and
fauna subject to NPSP influence. (No arrays)
2.3.3 Determine reduced productivity at source as a result of
soil and nutrient loss.
Lead Array
1. Determine the nutrient losses from and resultant lowered produc-
tivity of soils via water erosion and water leaching. (Also
being done in 1.1).
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TARGET 3
3. IMPROVED METHODS AND CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING SOCIOECONOMIC EFFECTS OF NPSP
AND NPSP CONTROLS.
3.1 DEVELOP METHODS AND CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING ADVERSE SOCIOECONOMIC
EFFECTS OF NPSP.
3.1.1 Determine adverse effects of NPSP on recreation activities and
esthetic quality.
Lead Array
1. Define and identify reduction in fishing participation and quality
in terms of fish species and levels and kinds of NPSP.
2. Define and identify reductions in swimming participation and
quality by types of swimming opportunities for various levels and
kinds of NPSP.
3. Define and identify reductions in boating and associated recrea-
tion participation and quality by types of boating opportunities
for various levels and kinds of NPSP.
4. Define and identify reductions in esthetic quality by types of
aquatic environments for various levels and kinds of NPSP.
3.1.2 Determine obvious adverse impacts of NPSP on the demand for
and value ($ and non $) of recreation activities, agricultural
activities, and other water resources activities.
Lead Array
1. Identify demands for and value of fishing, bird watching, swim-
ming, and boating activities negatively affected by NPSP using
available methods and sensitivity analyses.
2. Determine the dollar costs resulting from possible physical dam-
age to downstream structures and lands caused by high levels of
NPSP.
3. Determine the value of reduced commercial fishing harvests caused
by high levels of NPSP.
4. Identify any costs or benefits to agriculture from NPSP, including
increased nutrients, increased salinity, elevated temperatures,
and resultant effects.
Optimizing Array
5. Determine the major secondary (local economies and related busi-
ness) socioeconomic impacts of high levels of NPSP.
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3.1.3 Determine value and costs of health related impacts of NPSP.
Lead Array
1. Determine water treatment costs by pollutant and level of removal
required to achieve health standards.
2. Evaluate actual and perceived reduction in drinking water quality
caused by various levels and kinds of NPSP.
3. Determine health costs by case examples resulting from high NPSP.
Supplementary Array
4. Develop ways of considering, in decisionmaking processes, the
potential nondollar costs (opportunities foregone decreased com-
munity happiness) associated with health impairment, both acute
and chronic, from NPSP.
3.2 DEVELOP METHODS AND CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING SOCIOECONOMIC EFFECTS OF
NPSP FIELD CONTROLS.
3.2.1 Quantify and determine $ value of changes in production of
(heavily impacted forest related) goods and services resulting
from various kinds and levels of NPSP controls.
Lead Array
1. Quantify and determine $ value of changes in quatity and quality
of harvested timber.
2. Quantify and determine $ value of changes in quantity and quality
of livestock production.
3. Quantify and determine $ value of changes in recreation and fish-
ing, participation or quality.
4. Identify major $ value changes of other obviously impacted goods
and services resulting from NPSP controls on forest and range
road systems.
3.2.2 Estimate direct costs of implementing promising field controls.
Lead Array
1. Determine direct labor costs.
2. Determine direct material and machinery costs.
3. Estimate over head costs.
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3.2.3 Outline obvious secondary socioeconomic impacts of NPSP con-
trols.
Lead Array
1. Outline such obvious secondary $ costs of NPSP controls as rural
community losses, small business failures, and decreased produc-
tivity.
2. Outline obvious secondary non $ costs of NPSP controls.
3. Identify the effect NPSP controls may have on timber, livestock,
and recreation firm size, competitiveness in related markets, and
prices in related markets.
3.2.4 Identify significant equity implications of various kinds and
levels of NPSP controls.
Lead Array
1. Determine who pays for pollution controls; outline general bene-
fits from pollution control; investigate the implications of in-
equity and identify mitigation strategies to achieve reasonable
equity.
3.2.5 Array according to cost alternatives to achieve desired levels
of NPSP controls.
Lead Array
1. Display costs and effects of control on an incremental basis by
pollutant.
2. Evaluate alternative controls from $ and non $ viewpoints.
3.3 DEVELOP METHODS AND CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING SOCIOECONOMIC EFFECTS OF
INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS (INCLUDING BOTH VOLUNTARY AND REGULATORY)
FOR NPSP CONTROL.
3.3.1 Identify alternative approaches using institutional (voluntary
and regulatory) methods for control.
Lead Array
1. Identify regulatory arrangements such as standards, enforcement
activities, tax and other incentive; determine the costs and bene-
fits of such institutional regulatory arrangements.
2. Identify nonregulatory (voluntary) arrangements such as education,
good environmental management practice, extension service, cost-
sharing and determine the costs and benefits of such institutional
voluntary arrangements.
-36-
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3.3.2 Determine direct costs of implementing promising institutional
mechanisms for control.
Lead Array
1. Determine direct labor and salary costs, direct material and
hardware costs, and enforcement costs for regulatory controls.
2. Identify direct costs of voluntary control scenarios.
3.3.3 Outline indirect and social costs of implementing institu-
tional mechanisms for NPSP controls.
Lead Array
1. Identify indirect and social costs ($ and non $) and estimate
legal ($) costs of implementation of NPSP controls.
3.3.4 Determine (least costly alternative) institutional mechanisms
to achieve NPSP control.
Lead Array
1. Develop alternate approaches in the area of institutional arrange-
ments for NPSP.
2. Evaluate costs and benefits of alternatives.
3.3.5 Identify costs of inequity in State and local governmental
implementation plans.
Lead Array
1. Determine what problems and associated dollar costs nonuniformity
of NPSP controls (including implementation and enforcement) be-
tween States will impose on firms, individuals, and government
bodies dealing with more than one State.
2. Determine what problems and associated dollar costs will be in-
curred by States because of nonuniformity between States of NPSP
controls.
3.4 PILOT TEST ALTERNATE INSTITUTIONAL CONTROL SCENARIOS FOR EFFECTIVENESS
IN CONTROLLING NPSP.
3.4.1 Identify locations, pollutants, and procedures for pilot tests.
Lead Array
1. Determine highest priority location/pollution/activity profile
for pilot testing.
3.4.2 Conduct pilot tests.
-37-
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Lead Array
1. Perform test of regulatory controls of NPSP.
2. Perform test of nonregulatory controls of NPSP.
Supplementary Array
3. Identify willingness to assume costs of different magnitudes when
using a voluntary program.
3.4.3 Evaluate the results of pilot testing.
Lead Array
1. Synthesize results from various pilot tests.
2. Evaluate the feasibility of adjusting NPSP institutional controls
to more acceptable methods based on pilot studies.
TARGET 4
4. IMPROVED TOOLS FOR NPSP MANAGEMENT.
4.1 DEVELOP AN NPSP TECHNICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM.
Lead Array
1. Identify requirements for an NPSP technical information system.
2. Review technical information systems currently available to assure
that duplication of current or planned service would not occur.
3. Implement development of an NPSP technical information system.
Optimizing Array
4. Develop teaching manuals and other training aids for the NPSP
technical information system.
4.2 DEVELOP NPSP DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.
Lead Array
1. Identify requirements for an NPSP data management system.
2. Review all the existing data management procedures available in
water resources including those developed under Target 1.
3. Implement the development of an NPSP data management system.
4.3 IDENTIFY OPTIMAL NPSP MONITORING SYSTEMS.
-38-
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Lead Array
1. Review monitoring/measuring techniques researched in Target 1.
2. Develop cost-effectiveness of alternate monitoring methodologies.
3. Select an optimal set of monitoring procedures.
4.4 DEVELOP INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL TOOLS FOR SELECTING BEST MANAGE-
MENT PRACTICES AND CONTROL.
4.4.1 Identify need for and provide procedures to evaluate institu-
tional mechanisms and constraints on NPSP and its management.
Lead Array
1. Identify any existing legal and administrative constraints on
NPSP management.
2. Identify the land manager's need for NPSP management.
Optimizing Array
3. Provide procedures to aid in key decision procedures.
4.4.2 Develop operational systems for evaluating effect of forest
and range activities on NPSP.
Lead Array
1. Identify suitable models from Target 1.
2. Develop user-oriented model.
3. Synthesize model output into guidelines, monographs, etc.
Optimizing Array
4. Provide user guides, training material and workshops to transfer
operational systems to appropriate users.
4.4.3 Develop techniques for evaluating socioeconomic costs and bene-
fits of NPSP practices and controls both field and institu-
tional.
Lead Array
1. Determine the most suitable display formats from Target 3.
2. Identify criteria for valueing (non $) costs.
3. Provide operational techniques for evaluating costs and benefits
for NPSP controls.
-39-
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Optimizing Array
4. Define optimum institutional controls.
4.4.4 Integrate NPSP management tools into other resource manage-
ment systems.
Lead Array
1. Identify resource management systems currently available.
2. Adapt tools developed in 4.4.2 and 4.4.3 to resource management
systems.
3. Develop generalized planning model for predicting nonpoint source
loads (sediment, nutrients, temperature, D.O.) and generating
compatible land management prescription. The prediction will be
developed as functions of major forest management activities
(timber harvest, road construction, site preparation, etc.).
Resource management goals (timber production, recreation, water
yield, etc. as well as costs) will be superimposed to provide
constraints for optimization via linear or dynamic programming
so that total management planning can be accomplished within
environmental constraints.
4. Establish demonstration areas illustrating best management prac-
tices that are compatible with other forest resources and uses.
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: ^orth, jjputh, llocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; V_ery High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
Target 1
1. Improved methods
for assessing, predicting,
and controlling NPSP.
1.1 Quantify NPSP processes.
1.1.1 Quantify normal base-
line (background) NPSP pro-
cesses including natural
variability.
Lead Array
1.1.1.1 Quantify
litter, vegetation
and soil surface
characteristics con-
trolling water move-
ment, sediment de-
tachment and trans-
port on the soil
surface.
(R-10)
(N/H, S/V, R/V, P/V)
Synthesize available
literature and unas-
sembled data. Iden-
tify areas of inade-
quate knowledge.
Select 3-5 experi-
mental areas for plot
and normal basin
studies.
(2.0 PPY)
Complete installation
of plot studies. Col-
lect data. Analyze in
baseline conditions.
(2.0 PPY)
Continue plot stud-
ies. Collect data.
Analyze in baseline
conditions.
(2.0 PPY)
Complete plot and sub-
basin studies.
(2.0 PPY)
Review newly available
data from others. Syn-
thesize plot and sub-
basin data. Report in
process model input
terms.
(2.0 PPY)
10.0
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-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions: PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: ttorth, South, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, L_ow
Activity
1.1.1.2 Quantify pro-
cesses including sub-
surface water move-
ment, controlling
mass wasting and
transport on slope
to streams.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
FY 1
Synthesize available
information, develop
intensified and re-
gionalized approach
to develop data for
model development
and verification.
(4.0 PPY)
FY 2
Install additional
field studies in
undisturbed situa-
tions.
(4.0 PPY)
FY 3
Test regional coverage,
install indicated stud-
ies. Continue field
studies.
(4.0 PPY)
FY 4
Develop first approxi-
mation process models.
Continue field studies.
(4.0 PPY)
FY 5
Compile in region-
alized process model
format . Prepare
state-of-the-art
report on mass
wasting under natural
conditions.
(4.0 PPY)
Total
PPY
20.0
1.1.1.3 Quantify
processes control-
ling erosion, trans-
port, deposition,
and morphological
processes in stream
channels and water
bodies.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
Synthesize existing
information from
fluid mechanics,
geomorphology,
hydraulics and river
mechanics. Iden-
tify additional
data needs. Select
regional test areas.
(2.0 PPY)
Apply existing in-
formation and tech-
niques to forest
and range condi-
tions. Verify
through studies of
sediment loading,
transport and depo-
sition in terms of
hydraulic para-
meters and sediment
particle size dis-
tributions.
(2.0 PPY)
Relate to stream bed-
load, sediment types
and bedload movement.
(2.0 PPY)
Integrate new field
information with
othar current informa-
tion. Report in user
format by region.
(2.0 PPY)
8.0
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: tforth, jiputh, llocky Mountain, pacific Coast; Very High, H_igh, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.1.1.4 Quantify nu-
trient transfer to
streams by soil erosion
and litter transport
processes including
surface erosion and
the various processes
of mass wasting.
(R-15)
(pp. cit.)
1.1.1.5 Quantify pro-
cesses controlling
chemistry of water
leaving the bio-
logically active
portion of the soil.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
Survey available infor-
mation, identify re-
search needs on regional
basis. Utilize existing
watershed areas and study
areas in 1.1.1 no. 1 for
nutrient transfer measure-
ment.
(3.0 PPY)
Survey available data
and ongoing studies.
Interpret in terms of
basic soil and bio-
logical processes.
Determine regional
and process model
needs. Develop
plot studies for
field data col-
lection under base-
line conditions.
C2.0 PPY)
Continue plot and
basin studies under
unperturbed con-
ditions .
(3.0 PPY)
Continue field
studies. Utilize
joint instrumenta-
tion for studies
1.1.1.1 and 1.1.1.5.
(2.0 PPY)
Continue plot and basin
studies under unperturbed
conditions. Evaluate
regional data needs. Add
plot studies as indicated.
(3.0 PPY)
Continue field studies.
Identify adequacy of
regional distribution.
Adjust data collection.
(2.0 PPY)
Continue plot and
basin studies under
unperturbed condi-
tions. Develop 1st
approximation of
region process
models.
C3.0 PPY)
Continue field
studies. Develop
1st approximation
models.
(2.0 PPY)
Complete nutrient 15.0
transfer studies.
Summarize and develop
transfer rates for
process model use.
C3.0 PPY)
Complete field studies. 10.0
Report in terms of pro-
cess model inputs for
chemical elements in soil
and plant complex.
.(2.0 PPY)
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: >lorth, South, Rocky Mountain, .Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY k
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.1.1.6 Develop input
and transfer rates of
pathogens in natural
ecosystems to establish
necessary baseline data.
(R-9)
(N/L, S/M, R/H, P/L)
1.1.1.7 Develop base-
line levels of con-
centrations of
potentially toxic
materials in plants,
animals and water in
relation to soil,
geology and other
site characteristics.
(R-8)
(N/M, S/L, R/M, P/L)
1.1.1.8 Determine base-
line levels of per-
sistent pesticides in
natural systems in-
cluding aquatic
organisms.
(R-10)
(N/M, S/M, R/M, P/L)
Survey current litera-
turej coordinate addi-
tional data needs with
ongoing watershed re-
search.
(1.0 PPY)
Collect available base-
line data from un-
disturbed watersheds.
Determine regional
needs. Coordinate
collection of addi-
tional data with #6
(above).
(1.5 PPY)
Survey available data
on pesticides in water
from natural areas.
Identify research needs.
Coordinate with APHIS.
(1.0 PPY)
Collect and compute
data. Verify for
regional adequacy.
(1.0 PPY)
Complete data col-
lection; analyze
rates and varia-
bility in relation
to soil, geology,
and vegetative
parameters.
(1.5 PPY)
Complete data col-
lection. Relate
pesticide back-
ground levels to
surrounding area
uses, precipitation
concentrations.
(1.0 PPY)
Summarize data in
relation to wild
animal densities
and human entry
as well as hydro-
logic parameters
for process models.
(1.0 PPY)
3.0
3.0
2.0
-44-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: North, jiputh, flocky Mountain, P_acific Coast; Very High, H_igh, ^tedium, Low
Activity
1.1.1.9 Quantify sub-
surface geochemical
processes acting on
inflows to subsoil
from biologically
active portion of
soil and eventually
determining chemistry
of subsurface water
flowing to streams
or groundwater
reservoirs.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
FY 1
Survey soils science
and geochemical lit-
erature on subsoil
processes in rela-
tion to percolating
soil water. Iden-
tify areas of in-
complete knowledge.
(1.0 PPY)
FY 2
Begin field and
laboratory stud-
ies to supplement
existing data and
ongoing research.
(4.0 PPY)
FY 3
Continue field and
laboratory studies.
Evaluate regional
adequacy.
(4.0 PPY)
FY 4
Continue field and
laboratory studies.
Develop first approx-
imation process
models. Evaluate
models.
(4.0 PPY)
Fi 5
Complete field and
laboratory studies.
Report in terms of
soil characteristics,
vegetation type,
climatic variables,
etc.
(4.0 PPY)
Total
ppv
17.0
Optimizing Array
1.1.1.10 Determine
the frequency, trig-
gering events and
severity of damage
from catastrophic
water and sediment
yields.
(R-10)
(op, cit.)
Supplementary Array
1.1.1.11 Develop base-
line levels of various
non-bacterial pathogens
in surface waters in
forest and range lands.
(R-8) (op. cit.)
Survey available data
on geomorphic and
climatic rare events,
apply to frequency
distribution of cat-
astrophic sediment
and mass wasting.
(1.0 PPY)
Survey literature on
various non-bacterial
pathogens in natural
areas. Identify
needs. Coordinate
with 1.1.1.5.
(0.5 PPY)
Determine present
capabilities to
measure mass wast-
ing rapidly, in-
vestigate new
methods.
(1.0 PPY)
Complete data col-
lection. Report in
terms of animal,
human entry and den-
sity and hydrologic
parameters.
(0.5 PPY)
Test remote sensing
and other field methods
of evaluating mass
wasting in response to
catastrophic events.
(1.0 PPY)
Continue field evalu-
ations. Develop first
approximation models.
(1.0 PPY)
Adapt new analysis
tools to input and
process terms for
prediction of mass
wasting.
(1.0 PPY)
5.0
1.0
-45-
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions: PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: Jtorth, jjputh, Rocky Mountain, P_acific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
Fi 5
Total
PPY
1.1.1.12 Quantify
understanding of pro-
cesses that control
rates of formation, and
redistribution of soil
materials.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
1.1.1.13 Determine the
variability of nutrient
inputs from atmospheric
sources in time and
space.
(R-12)
(op. cit.)
1.1.1.14 Quantify ef-
fects of atmospheric
pollution from man-
caused sources on
biological processes
controlling nutrient
processes.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
Synthesize available
soil formation data
from regions. Evalu-
ate usefulness for
prediction model in-
puts. Establish
field tests for
clay formation and
carbon and nitrogen
incorporation.
(4.0 PPY)
Coordinate with new pre-
cipitation quality net-
work. Survey and analyze
available data. Install
additional measurements
and analysis as needed.
(2.0 PPY)
Survey available in-
formation. Identify
location where acid
rainfall, trace
metals, noxious gases
etc. are problems.
Establish mlcroplot
studies.
(2.0 PPY)
Continue field
studies. Supple-
ment with lab-
oratory simulated
weathering and
fixation In various
soil-plant environ-
ments.
(4.0 PPY)
Continue field
measurements.
Evaluate adequacy
of regional data.
(2.0 PPY)
Complete field and
laboratory work.
Synthesize to format
suitable for pre-
diction of clay,
carbon and nitrogen
generation and Incor-
poration.
(4.0 PPY)
Continue field measure-
ments. Analyze time
variables for recom-
mended intensity of
sampling.
(2.0 PPY)
12.0
Continue field
measurement.
Develop recom-
mended monitoring
methods.
(2.0 PPY)
Complete field study.
Convert to long term
monitoring needs.
Analyze in terms of
rate, variability and
trends for predictive
uses of NPSP.
(2.0 PPY)
10.0
Complete field studies.
Evaluate in terms of
Input of atmospheric
substances and short
term effects on bio-
logical process under
background conditions
In forests.
(2.0 PPY)
4.0
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: North, ^puth, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
1.1.1.15 Quantify ef-
fects of large woody
detritus (logs-roots)
on nutrient retention.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
1.1.1.16 Determine how
climate acting on vege-
tation and micro-
organisms controls the
outflow of nutrients
essential to forest
growth.
(R-10)
(pp. cit.)
1.1.1.17 Determine how
geomorphic factors such
as basin shape, stream
density, and slope may
control nutrient out-
flow.
(R-10)
(pp. cit.)
Evaluate literature and
current research. In-
corporate nutrient
distribution in biomass
data by species, size,
etc. Use logging
residue and fire fuel
study data.
(2.0 PPY)
Review literature on
microbiological
cycling of nutrients
in forest soil plant
zone. Regionalize
available informa-
tion and develop
field and laboratory
studies.
(4.0 PPY)
Evaluate adequacy of on-
going research on geo-
morphic factors con-
trolling nutrient out-
flow in natural eco-
systems. Install
supporting research
in cooperation with
watershed studies as
needed.
(3.0 PPY)
Conduct field surveys
and laboratory studies
for necessary additional
data. Report as reten-
tion and release rates
of nutrients under defined
baseline conditions.
C2.0 PPY)
Total
PPY
4.0
Complete field in-
stallations (in con-
junction with other
nutrient research
where posible).
(4.0 PPY)
Continue field and
laboratory research.
Determine regional
variation and ade-
quacy of data.
(4.0 PPY)
Conduct basin studies Continue basin studies.
Evaluate regional Develop prediction
variance. equations.
(3.0 PPY) C3.0 PPY)
Continue field and Summarize results
laboratory research, in terms of nutrient
Pretest data in cycling in micro-
nutrient cycling biological portion
models. of soils.
(4.0 PPY) (4.0 PPY)
Complete basin studies,
refine equations, in-
terpret in terms of
quantitative geomor-
philogical terms for
process data inputs.
(3.0 PPY)
20.0
10.0
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: North, South, Rocky Mountain, P_acific Coast; Very High, H_igh, Medium, L_ow
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.1.1.18 Determine
concentrations of
potentially toxic
minor chemical ele-
ments in wildlife and
grazing animals in
relation to plant
concentrations and
soil characteristics.
(R-8)
(op. cit.)
1.1.2 Quantify NPSP
processes affected by
timber harvest activities
Including timber harvest
and associated skid trails,
landings and temporary roads.
Survey available
literature, analyze
necessary cooperative
data collection. Sum-
marize and report by
geologic type and
hydrologic parameters.
(2.0 PPY)
2.0
Lead Array
1.1.2.1 Determine ef-
fects of timber har-
vest on transport of
detached sediment by
dry ravel and water in
relation to surface
disturbance and vege-
tation recovery. Co-
ordinate with 1.1.3.1.
(R-15)
(N/M, S/V, R/M, P/V)
Review and summarize
currently available
data on timber har-
vest effects on sedi-
ment. Identify prob-
lem areas needing
additional research;
select plots and
basins; instrument.
(5.0 PPY)
Conduct plot and
basin studies.
Determine regional
adequacy of data
base.
(5.0 PPY)
Develop cooperative
research to meet
regional needs.
(5.0 PPY)
Develop data base
for timber harvest
operations in terms
of basin soils.
(5.0 PPY)
Integrate new data
for model testing
including sediment
rates to stream for
incremental logging
effects parameters
(by soil, slope, vege-
tation type).
(5.0 PPY)
25.0
-48-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: North, South, jlocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.1.2.2 Determine ef-
fects on processes con-
trolling mass wasting
and transport to
streams.
Coordinate with 1.1.3.2
R-15)
(N/L, S/V, R/L, P/V)
1.1.2.3 Determine ef-
fects on erosion,
transport processes,
deposition and mor-
phological processes
In streams and water
bodies.
Coordinate with
1.1.3.3
CR-15)
(N/L, S/V, R/M, P/V)
1.1.2.4 Determine ef-
fects on soil solution
chemistry In the bio-
logically active zone
and transfer of nu-
trients to streams.
(R-15)
(N/V, S/H, R/H, P/H)
Review available
literature; identify
areas of needed new
studies; install
studies on range of
conditions.
(.2.5 PPY)
Determine status of
current knowledge and
design necessary new
research to supple-
ment current studies
of timber harvest
effects on stream
morphology. Select
and begin field
studies.
(5.0 PPY)
Survey available data;
coordinate field re-
search needs with 1.1.1
No. 5 studies.
(4.0 PPY)
Complete field study Evaluate timber harvest
installations. Con- operations in terms of
tinue field survey soil disturbance.
for determining range (2.5 PPY)
of conditions.
(2.5 PPY)
Evaluate field re-
search for major
harvest operations
and regional varia-
tions .
(5.0 PPY)
Install plot tests
over range of soils,
harvesting condi-
tions, and age
since disturbance.
(4.0 PPY)
Develop dynamic models
to approximate range of
hydrologlc conditions
and major operations.
(5.0 PPY)
Determine regional
adequacy of data, adjust
field studies as needed.
(4.0 PPY)
Develop 1st approx- Summarize with current 12.5
imation models for data; relate mass wasting
major timber harvest to site and harvesting
operations. parameters for model
(2.5 PPY) testing.
(2.5 PPY)
Field test selected
process models.
5.0 PPY)
Develop predictive
equations for type
and intensity of
disturbance.
(4 .'0' PPY)
25.0
Summarize field studies
and currently available
data. Make approximation
of process model inputs
in terms of geologic,
hydrologic parameters and
quantitative timber harvest
disturbance level parameters.
5.0 PPY)
Summarize plot studies in 20.0
terms of quantitative dis-
turbance parameters in
biologically active zones.
(4.0 PPY)
-49-
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: Itorth, South, Rocky Mountain, pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.1.2.5 Determine
nitrogen inputs by
fixation to replace
nitrogen supply
depleted by
leaching.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
1.1.2.6 Quantify ef-
fects of organic matter
loading on instream,
nutrient processes and
D.O.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
1.1.2.7 Develop
quantitative under-
standing of nutrient
cycling and sediment
behavior in relation
to regeneration and
revegetation processes.
(R-12)
(N/L, S/V, R/M, P/V)
Survey currently avail-
able data. Select areas
for field studies to
supplement current data.
Coordinate with study
under 1.1.1 No. 4.
(3.0 PPY)
Survey past research to
select regional re-
search needs. Design
and install field
studies and sites.
(4.0 PPY)
Review literature for
regional information
on regeneration and
revegetation in rela-
tion to site, climatic
and harvesting para-
meters. Select re-
gional studies as
indicated. Design
and install studies.
(4.0 PPY)
Continue field plot
and supporting lab-
oratory studies.
Coordinate with re-
search by others.
C3.0 PPY)
Characterize study
areas by stream
parameters and
organic loading.
Evaluate regional
adequacy.
(3.0 PPY)
Install 5-10
regional field
test areas.
(4.0 PPY)
Evaluate regional
adequacy of data.
(3.0 PPY)
Summarize in terms of
timber harvest parameters
and increments of dis-
turbance by region and
soil, site, hydrology
parameters.
(3.0 PPY)
Conduct 1st year remeas-
urement and analysis.
Install 5-10 new field
studies.
(4.0 PPY)
Develop equations Develop process model
relating nitrogen inputs in terms of
fixation to soil- quantitative parameters
plant-parameters of soil and vegetative
as affected by dis- disturbance due to har-
turbance and time. vesting.
(3.0 PPY) (3.0 PPY)
15.0
10.0
Complete 1st set of Summarize field tests
field studies. Make in terms for process
1st year measurer- model inputs.
ments on 2nd set. (4.0 PPY)
(4.0 PPY)
20.0
-50-
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions: PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: |Jorth, jkmth, Rocky Mountain, P_acific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
Quantity
processes affected
by mechanical site
preparation, seeding,
planting and vegeta-
tion conversion.
Lead Array
1.1.3.1 Effects of
soil compaction and
surface soil disturbance
on detachment and trans-
port of soil and organic
matter to streams.
(R-15)
(N/M, S/V, R/M, P/M)
1.1.3.2 Effects on
mass wasting processes
and transport.
CR-15)
(N/L, S/V, R/M, P/M)
Quantify mechanical
site preparation in
terms of litter and
surface soil dis--
turbance. Relate
to Universal Soil
Loss Equation.
Utilize field
data from 1.1.2
No. 1
CO.5 PPY)
Quantify mechanical
site preparation in
terms of litter and
soil disturbance.
Utilize field data
from 1.1.2 No. 2.
CO.5 PPY)
Assess results of study
1.1.2 No. 1 in terms of
quantified site dis-
.turbance values.
(0.5 PPY)
1.0
Assess results of
Study 1.1.2 No. 2 in terms
of quantitative site dis-
turbance values.
(0.5 PPY)
1.0
-51-
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: t4orth. South, _Rocky Mountain, pacific Coast; V_ery High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY k
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.1.3.3 Effects on
channel processes in-
cluding bank erosion,
deposition, morpho-
logical processes.
(R-15)
(N/M, S/V, R/M, P/M)
1.1.3.4 Effects on
soil solution chemistry
in the biologically
active zone and transfer
of nutrients to streams.
(R-15)
(N/H, S/H, R/H, P/M)
1.1.4 Quantify NPSP
processes affected by
permanent, engineered
roads and trails.
Quantify site prepara-
tion in terms of cover
removal, soli and litter
disturbance. Utilize
field data from 1.1.2
No. 3.
CO.5 PPY)
Quantify site prepara-
tion in terms of soil
and litter disturbance.
Utilize field data from
1.1.2 No. 4.
CO.5 PPY)
Assess effects of 1.0
site preparation
on in-channel pro-
cesses uiing results
of 1.1.2 No. 3.
CO.5 PPY)
Assess effects of site 1.0
preparation in terms of
results from study 1.1.2
No. 4.
CO.5 PPY)
Lead Array
1.1.4.1 Sythesize
existing information re-
garding the sediment
producing character-
istics of the elements
of a road. Those ele-
ments to be considered
are soil type, cuts,
fills, aspect, slope, sur-
facing, drainage and align-
ment.
(R-10)
CN/L, S/V, R/L, P/V)
Report bibliographic and
unpublished information in
form available for use by
Section 208 planners.
Cl.O PPY)
-52-
1.0
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
Activity
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: North, jjputh, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, H_igh, Medium, Low
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.1.4.2 Conduct field
experiments to measure,
quantify and predict
sedimentation processes
affected by road elements
and construction and
operation activities and
configurations. To be
considered are soil type,
cuts, fills, aspect,
grade, slope, sur-
facing, drainage, con-
struction activities,
maintenance and season
of use alignment. The
field experiments will
be conducted in areas
having relatively high
NPSP sensitivity and
where construction ex-
penditures are ex-
pected to be high.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
1.1.4.3 Quantify ef-
fects of roads and
trails on the oc-
currence, magnitude,
and frequency of land-
slides and the sub-
sequent production of
sediment to stream
channels.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
Conduct a nationwide
survey regarding ter^
rain NPSP sensitivity
and its relationship
to projected road
construction ex-
penditures. Select
high pay-off areas
for NPSP informa-
tion.
(1.0 PPY)
Survey available data,
identify problem areas,
coordinate field studies
with 1.1.2.2
C4.0 PPY)
Plan, schedule and
initiate road-
study areas
having informa-
tion pay-off for
NPSP.
£5.0 PPY)
Relate road main-
tenance to mass
wasting.
(4.0 PPY)
Install instrumentation
and conduct studies on
designated road-study
areas.
(3.0 PPY)
Relate geologic
and soil variable
to road related
mass wasting.
(4.0 PPY)
Evaluate regional
adequacy of data
to date.
(3.0 PPY)
Relate soil type and
road elements to
sediment genera-
tion and transfer.
(3.0 PPY)
15.0
Regionalize road-
mass wasting rela-
tionships .
(4.0 PPY)
Summarize in terms
of regional guide-
lines for reduction
of sediment.
(4.0 PPY)
20.0
-53-
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions: PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximur.)
Regional priority: ^orth, jiputh, _Rocky Mountain, pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.1.4.4 Determine ef-
fects of roads on ther-
mal processes and ther-
mal loading of the
aquatic systems.
(R-10)
(N/L, S/L, R/L, P/L)
1.1.4.5 Determine ef-
fects of roads on nu-
trients and dissolved
solids (including
road salt, bituminous
emulsions, soil sta-
bilizers, organic
matter, and dissolved
gases) with respect
to NPSP.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
1.1.4.6 Identify
other techniques hav-
ing potential for quan-
tifying sediment pro-
duction from the var-
ious elements of a
road. Techniques that
might be considered are
dyes, trace elements,
fluoresence, radio-
active tracers and
remote sensing.
(R-10)
(N/L, S/V, R/L, P/V)
Review previous re-
search, coordinate
with effects of
other forest land
disturbances.
(1.0 PPY)
Review past re-
search; coordinate
additional research
needs with 1.1.2.6.
(1.0 PPY)
Conduct feasibility
study on "other
techniques."
(1.0 PPY)
Review adequacy of
data on regional
variability.
Develop 1st approx-
imation process
equations.
(1.0 PPY)
Relate preliminary
field data to soil,
hydrologic and
climatic variables.
(1.0 PPY)
Plan, initiate and
coordinate "other
techniques" with
designated road
study areas.
(5.0 PPY)
Verify regional appli-
cations of prediction
equations.
(1.0 PPY)
Develop preliminary
prediction equations.
Test for selected
regions.
(1.0 PPY)
Conduct field studies.
(1.0 PPY)
Generalize model and
test localizing varia-
bles against field
test data.
(1.0 PPY)
Generalize prediction
equations.
(1.0 PPY)
Test selected new
methods of monitor-
ing.
(1.0 PPY)
Develop general
model.
(1.0 PPY)
Report general
prediction equa-
tions for local
applications.
(1.0 PPY)
5.0
5.0
Report recommended
methods and local
use adaptations.
(1.0 PPY)
9.0
-54-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maxirrjm)
Regional priority: blorth, jSputh, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
processes affected by
fire.
Lead Array
1.1.5.1 Determine ef-
fects of fire on surface
soil' detachment and
transport processes.
CR-15)
(N/L, S/L, R/M, P/V)
1.1.5.2 Determine ef-
fects on soil mass
wasting detachment
and transport pro-
cesses.
CR-15)
(op. cit.)
1.1.5.3 Determine ef-
fects on erosion,
transport and deposi-
tion processes in
stream channels.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
Quantify controlled
burn and wild-fire in
relation to soil and
litter disturbance.
Relate to 1.1.2 No. 1.
CO. 5 PPY)
Quantify controlled burn
and wild-fire in relation
to soil and litter dis-
turbance. Relate to
1.1.2 No. 2.
(.0.5 PPY)
Quantify controlled burn
and wild-fire in relation
to soil and litter dis-
turbance. Relate to
1.1.2 No. 2.
(0.5 PPY)
Perturb select field
plots .in 1.1.2, No. 1
with fire. Evaluate
sediment detachment
and transport.
(1.0 PPY)
Summarize findings; 2.5
relate to quantitative
fire disturbance values
by soil, site, climati".
parameters.
(1.0 PPY)
Relate controlled 1.5
burn and wild-fire
parameters to mass
wastage in terms of
severity character-
istics and site para-
meters.
(1.0 PPY)
Interpret from results 1.5
of 1.1.2 No. 3 to relate
channel process effects
to denudation.
(1.0 PPY)
-55-
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: [forth, South, tlocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, L_ow
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
?PY
1.1.5.4 Quantify ef-
fects on soil solution
chemistry in the bio-
logically active zone.
(R-15)
(N/L, S/V, R/L, P/L)
Supplementary Array
1.1.5.5 Determine ef-
fects of organic load-
ings and temperature
on instream processes
and dissolved gases.
(R-8)
(op. cit.)
1.1.5.6 Determine ef-
fects of toxic mate-
rials on biological
processes in soil on
slopes and in chan-
nels.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
Select plots from
study's 1.1.1.4 and
1.1.2.4 for burning
after preliminary
calibration.
(0.1 PPY)
Survey available
literature. Develop
research needs by
region. Coordinate
with fisheries habi-
tat studies. Select
study sites.
(1.0 PPY)
Review literature.
Identify gaps in data.
Coordinate with on-
going habitat meas-
ures of aquatic plant
and animal concentra-
tions in relation to
soil and fire vari-
ables.
(1.0 PPY)
Measure wild-fire,
controlled burn ef-
fects on organic
loading and tempera-
ture.
(2.0 PPY)
Compile additional
data related to fire
and site variables.
(1.0 PPY)
Continue field meas-
urements. Evaluate
regional adequacy
of data.
(2.0 PPY)
Use plots from 1.1.5.1
above;instrument for
evaluation of nutrient
cycling and losses.
(1.0 PPY)
Complete study. Report
in terms of site para-
meters, fire severity,
and by biologic vari-
ables.
(2.0 PPY)
Evaluate nutrient
cycling in terms
of site variables
and fire severity.
Report as rates
for major nutrients.
(2.0 PPY)
3.1
7.0
2.0
-56-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: ttorth, jjputh, jlocky Mountain, P_acific Coast; V_ery High, High, Medium, L_ow
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.1.6 Quantify NPSP
processes affected by
fertilization.
Supplementary Array
1.1.6.1 Determine ef-
fects on nutrient pro-
cesses in litter and
soil mantle.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
1.1.6.2 Determine the
concentration of poten-
tially toxic minor ele-
ments in plants in
relation to soil char-
acteristics and load-
ing rate of the chem-
ical element from
fertilizer impuri-
ties.
(R-8)
(op. cit.)
1.1.7 Quantify NPSP
processes affected by
waste disposal.
Survey available
data. Combine field
studies with 1.1.5
(above) and with
1.1.8 No. 2.
(1.0 PPY)
Review available
data on toxic chem-
ical contents of
aquatic plants from
fisheries data.
Determine relations
to geochemistry im-
purities in chemical
fertilizers and
water concentration.
(1.0 PPY)
Continue field
studies. Evaluate
dosage effects on
forest and range.
(0.5 PPY)
Cooperative collec-
tion of additional
data over U.S. Com-
pile and relate to
geology and water
concentrations.
(1.0 PPY)
Continue field stud-
ies. Evaluate time
since treatment for
selected sites and
dosage.
(0.5 PPY)
Summarize and iden-
tify additional data
needs. Install indi-
cated studies.
(0.5 PPY)
Synthesize all avail-
able data of nutrient
cycling and transfer
in surface layers.
(1.0 PPY)
3.5
2.0
-57-
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: North, jkmth, jtocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
Lead Array
1.1.7.1 Develop gen-
erative and transfer
rates for process
model inputs for
pathogens in lands
used for treatment
of wastes in terms
of waste charac-
teristics and hy-
drologic parameters.
(R-15)
(N/H, S/H, R/L, P/L)
1.1.7.2 Determine the
input and transfer of
viruses and other non-
bacterial pathogens
in lands used for
treatment of wastes.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
Evaluate existing
and on-going waste
recycling research
to identify needs
for field studies.
Select sites using
operating systems
where possible.
Install monitoring
for pathogens.
(1.0 PPY)
Review current data,
evaluate wastes for
virus concentrations
from literature.
Establish field stud-
ies on waste recycl-
ing test areas.
(1.0 PPY)
Monitor fecal coli-
forms and fecal
streptococcus and
relate to dosage
rates and waste
characteristics.
(0.5 PPY)
Conduct field stud-
ies in conjunction
with 1.1.7.1.
(1.0 PPY)
Continue field stud-
ies. Evaluate time
effects and climatic
influences.
(0.5 PPY)
Continue field stud-
ies. Summarize 3-
year results. Eval-
uate need for re-
gional detailing
studies.
(0.5 PPY)
Complete 5-year
study. Relate
pathogen transfer
rates to input,
site, hydrology
and vegetation
characteristics.
(1.0 PPY)
3.5
Complete field stud-
ies. Relate virus
transfer to streams
to waste characteris-
tics, dosage, site
and hydrologic para-
meters.
(1.0 PPY)
3.0
-58-
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: |Jorth, South, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.1.7.3 Develop gen-
erative and transfer
rates of potentially
toxic minor elements
in plants, soils,
animals and water
for non-agricultural
land treatment of
wastes including
forest industrial
processing wastes.
(R-15)
(N/H, S/M, R/L, P/M)
1.1.7.A Develop gen-
erative and transfer
rates of nitrate and
phosphorus from
forest and range
ecosystems fertilized
with sewage and sludge
and forest industrial
waste.
(R-10)
(N/H, S/H, R/L, P/L)
Review literature
from wild and agri-
cultural land studies.
Identify additional
testing needs. Estab-
lish field tests for
representative cover,
soil conditions.
(0.5 PPY)
Survey agricultural
and forest land tests
of waste recycling in
terms of dosage rate
and frequency and vege-
tative uptake. Design
necessary field tests.
(0.5 PPY)
Conduct field tests
in conjunction with
1.1.7.1.
(0.5 PPY)
Install effluent
and sludge tests
for characteristic
vegetation and soil
conditions.
(2.0 PPY)
Conduct supplemental
greenhouse tests of
toxic element uptake
by plants and distri-
bution in soil columns.
(0.5 PPY)
Continue field
tests. Relate to
soil characteris-
tics and plant
species.
(0.5 PPY)
Continue field tests.
Determine time effects
on soil and vegeta-
tive uptake.
(2.0 PPY)
Summarize 3-year
results. Identify
new data needs.
Install additional
studies as needed.
(2.0 PPY)
Summarize accumula-
tive results of
waste treatment;
relate to longer
term studies.
(1.0 PPY)
3.0
Complete 5-year studies
of dosage rates; eval-
uate plant uptake,
groundwater enrich-
ment with nutrients
and phosphorus.
(2.0 PPY)
5.5
-59-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maxiniu")
Regional priority: North, J5puth, Rocky Mountain, pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.1.7.5 Determine the
input, transfer and
disposition of pesti-
cides and other toxic
materials introduced
into ecosystems by
land treatment of
wastes.
(R-12)
(op. cit.)
Supplementary Array
1.1.7.6 Determine
movements of viruses
through soils and
air on lands used
for treatment of
wastes in relation
to virus contamina-
tion of groundwater
and surface water.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
1.1.8 Quantify NPSP
processes affected by
grazing.
Review literature.
Determine areas of
pesticide contamina-
tion of waste used
for land treatment.
Select test sites,
instrument.
(0.3 PPY)
Summarize virus move-
ment data from current
research. Establish
laboratory and field
studies in conjunc-
tion with ongoing
research.
(1.0 PPY)
Conduct field
tests over range
of pesticide con-
tent in waste water
and sludge.
(0.3 PPY)
Evaluate fate of pesti-
cides in effluents and
sludges in terms of onsite
characteristics, vegetation,
hydrologic parameters and
dosage rates of wastes.
(0.4 PPY)
1.0
Complete field and
laboratory studies.
Report virus move-
ment in relation
to soil filtration
and erosion and
runoff characteris-
tics.
(1.0 PPY)
2.0
-60-
-------
Abbreviation Definitions:
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: |iorth, jk>uth, Rpcky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
Lead Array
1.1.8.1 Determine ef-
fects of grazing on
surface and channel
erosion processes in
terms of animal load-
ing and by hydrologic
parameters.
(R-10)
(N/L, S/L, R/V, P/L)
1.1.8.2 Determine ef-
fects of common range
management practices
on nutrient cycling
in plants and soil
and nutrient losses
by surface and subsur-
face routes, by region.
(R-15)
(N/L, S/L, R/M, P/L)
1.1.8.3 Develop gen-
erative and transfer
rates for process
model inputs for patho-
gens , sediment, and
nutrients in grazed
lands in terms of ani-
mal loading and hydro-
logic parameters.
(R-15)
(N/L, S/L, R/H, P/L)
Compile existing
data. Modify soil
loss formulas for
regional use. Field
test formulas.
(1.0 PPY)
Evaluate past and
on-going research
for nutrient enrich-
ment by site, grazing
intensity, region.
(0.5 PPY)
Review range., barnyard
and feedlot research.
Relate pathogen de-
livery rates to hydro-
logic parameters.
Identify research
needs, establish
field studies.
(0.5 PPY)
Compile data from
cooperators and con-
duct field studies
of formulas.
(2.0 PPY)
Cooperative stud-
ies of areas need-
ing new data.
(3.0 PPY)
Conduct field stud-
ies with coopera-
tors.
(1.5 PPY)
Develop surface and
channel erosion rates
by grazing intensity
and scheduling, by
site and by geologic
units, based on land
unit classifications
specific to regional
needs.
(2.0 PPY)
Complete cooperative studies
and adjust model rates
for new data and con-
ditions tested.
(3.0 PPY)
5.0
6.5
Summarize new data.
Develop rates of patho-
gen delivery by site,
animal units, hydro-
logic conditions.
(0.5 PPY)
2.5
-61-
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Abbreviation Definitions:
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: _North, South, jlocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.1.9 Quantify NPSP
processes affected by
recreation.
lead Array
1.1.9.1 Develop gen-
erative and transfer
rates for process
model inputs for path-
ogens in relation to
recreational use in
terms of animal and
human loading and
hydrologic para-
meters.
(R-15)
(N/V, S/L, R/L, P/V)
1.1.9.2 Develop in-
put rates of nutrients
to surface waters in
relation to intensity
of dispersed recrea-
tion and hydrologic
parameters (including
off road vehicles).
(R-10)
(N/M, S/M, R/M, P/L)
Synthesize existing
data from recreational
areas on pathogen con-
centrations in streams.
Relate to type and in-
tensity of use and hy-
drologic conditions.
Identify new data
needs.
(0.5 PPY)
Review available lit-
erature and identify
problem areas. Design
measurements in coop-
eration with NFS and
other agencies.
(0.4 PPY)
Establish data col-
lection system co-
operatively with
monitoring by oth-
ers. Characterize
use and hydrologic
parameters.
(0.5 PPY)
Conduct field mea-
surements. Coor-
dinate. Compile
data from others.
(0.3 PPY)
Continue field mea-
surements . Determine
regional variables
and need for addi-
tional data.
(0.5 PPY)
Summarize and develop
hydrologic transfer
rates of pathogens
by user type and water-
shed characteristics.
(0.5 PPY)
2.0
Complete field mea-
surements. Identify
problem areas and rates
of nutrient delivery
to surface water in
relation to loading.
(0.3 PPY)
1.0
-62-
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Abbreviation Definitions:
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: ^Jorth, j>puth, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY A
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.1.9.3 Determine ef-
fects of recreation
activities (including
ORV's) on surface soil
detachment, sediment
transport and depo-
sition processes.
(R-8)
(N/M, S/M, R/V, P/M)
Supplementary Array
1.1.9.4 Determine ef-
fects of dispersed
recreation on bank
erosion processes.
(R-8)
(op. cit.)
Define problem areas
including desert, al-
pine, and streamside
zones. Select study
sites to cover re-
gional problems.
(2.0 PPY)
Identify bank erosion
problems associated
with dispersed re-
creation. Compile
available literature.
Select representa-
tive field studies.
(0.5 PPY)
Collect field data,
coordinate with use
rates from data by
NFS and other agen-
cies.
(2.0 PPY)
Continue field mea-
surements. Determine
regional coverage of
data. Adjust to meet
indicated demand.
(2.0 PPY)
Complete field measure-
ments . Develop levels
of erosion rates by region
in relation to use para-
meters.
(2.0 PPY)
8.0
Complete field stud-
ies with use rates
from NFS and coop-
erators. Relate
erosion rates to
regional conditions,
use rates, hydrologic
parameters.
(0.5 PPY)
1.0
1.1.10 Quantify NPSP
processes affected by
pesticides.
-63-
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: ^Jorth, South, Rocky Mountain, pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
Lead Array
1.1.10.1 Develop
input and transfer
processes for pesti-
cides in relation to
movement of water
through the ecosystem
to include direct
application to surface
water, rain wash from
vegetation, mobiliza-
tion of residues in
dry channels, overland
transport in solution
and attached to sedi-
ments, leaching through
soil profile and move-
ment with debris and
other organic materials.
(R-15)
(N/L, S/M, R/M, P/M)
1.1.10.2 Establish per-
sistence characteristics
of pesticides in terms
of volatilization, ab-
sorption to colloids and
solution characteristics.
(R-12)
(op. cit.)
Summarize past work
including agricultural
studies: pesticide
characteristics, load-
ing rate, hydrologic
conditions, crops, and
soil. Determine areas
of additional research
needs by gaps in pro-
cess model rates.
Select regionalized
sites for tests, using
project areas where
possible.
(2.0 PPY)
Summarize data from man-
ufacturers and agricul-
tural tests for major
pesticide types. Deter-
mine research needs in
relation to forest con-
ditions. Select vari-
ables needing study. Be-
gin field and lab tests.
(1.5 PPY)
Continue field stud-
ies for selected
common types of pes-
ticides. Identify
areas for indepth
study of availa-
bility.
(2.0 PPY)
Continue field and
lab tests, localize
as needed.
(1.5 PPY)
Develop first ap-
proximation In pro-
cess models for
regions.
(2.0 PPY)
Field test process
models against field
plot data, adjust
inputs.
(2.0 PPY)
Summarize 5-year
field studies.
Develop input and
transfer process
rates by pesticide
class, loading rate,
vegetation, soil and
hydrologic variables.
(2.0 PPY)
10.0
Summarize new data.
Characterize pesticides
used in forest and range
management by volatiza-
tion, absorption and
solution characteristics.
(1.5 PPY)
4.5
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: tforth, j>puth, Ilocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, H_igh, >ledium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.1.10.3 Determine
the transfer of pes-
ticides in aquatic
systems including
uptake by organisms,
partition between
water and sediments
and persistence.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
1.1.10.4 Effects of
pesticide movement
from road, trail, and
utility right-of-way
maintenance.
(R-8)
(op. cit.)
1.1.11 Quantify NPSP
processes affected by
low head impoundments.
Review literature on
important forest and
range pesticides on
fate and transfer in
aquatic systems. Iden-
tify research needs.
Select study sites.
Begin field and lab
tests.
(1.5 PPY)
Survey of available
data on right-of-way.
Use of pesticides in
relation to delivery
rates to streams.
Identify research
needs. Develop
field trials; install
field tests. Relate
to hydrologic para-
meters and pesticide
type and rate.
(2.0 PPY)
Continue field and
lab tests. Coordi-
nate with APHIS re-
search.
(1.5 PPY)
Complete tests. Summa-
rize currently avail-
able data by pesticide
type, aquatic system,
sediment concentration,
colloids content. Re-
gionalize by hydrologic
conditions.
(1.5 PPY)
4.5
Complete field
survey. Report
findings in pro-
cess model terms.
(1.0 PPY)
3.0
-65-
-------
Abbreviation Definitions:
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: North, jjputh, jtocky Mountain, pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
Supplementary Array
1.1.11.1 Quantify
physical, chemical,
and biological pro-
cesses in low-head
impoundments and
associated channels,
including sediment,
thermal, nutrients,
organic matter and
dissolved solids
and gases.
(R-15)
(N/M, S/L, R/M, P/L)
1.1.12 Quantify NPSP
processes affected by
stream improvement,
channelization, and
drainage.
Lead Array
1.1.12.1 Determine ef-
fects of stream improve-
ment, channelization,
drainage, debris re-
moval, etc. on channel
erosion and sediment
transport and deposi-
tion processes.
(R-10)
(N/M, S/H, R/H, P/H)
Survey available data in
current research. Iden-
tify areas of regional
needs. Design studies.
Cooperate with fisher-
ies and aquatic habi-
tat research.
(3.0 PPY)
Review available lit-
erature, develop pro-
cess model impacts for
effects on hydrology
and sediment transfer
effects. Identify re-
search needs for new
field data.
(1.0 PPY)
Continue field and
laboratory research.
Identify common pro-
cesses across regions
for economy of effort
(3.0 PPY)
Continue field and
laboratory research.
Develop regional
preliminary models,
equations.
(3.0 PPY)
Develop preliminary
general estimates of
process rates by
region and stream
parameters. Correct
with field data.
(3.0 PPY)
Complete field
studies. Complete
process model inputs
(3.0 PPY)
15.0
Complete field mea-
surements. Adjust
process model input
rates for region-
alized conditions
from field observa-
tions.
(1.0 PPY)
2.0
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: ttorth, South, jlocky Mountain, pacific Coast; \fery High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
1.1.12.2 Determine ef-
fects of stream improve-
ments on channel morpho-
logy.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
FY 1
From No. 1, identify
research needs for
stream morphology
effects.
(0.5 PPY)
FY 2
Collect data on
stream morphology
with No. 1 above.
(0.5 PPY)
FY 3 FY 4 FY 5
Compile new data.
Adjust stream morpho-
logy effects of stream
improvements for re-
gional conditions.
(0.5 PPY)
Total
PPY
1.5
Supplementary Array
1.1.12.3 Improve
understanding of the
effects of stream
improvement prac-
tices and channeli-
zation on water
transport processes
in the channel.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
1.1.12.4 Determine ef-
fects of stream improve-
ment and forest drain-
age on channel and
water body tempera-
tures.
(R-10)
(N/L, S/M, R/L, P/L)
From No. 1, determine
field research needs
for water transport
as affected by stream
improvements.
(0.5 PPY)
From No. 1, determine
needs for data on
water temperature ef-
fects of channel im-
provements .
(0.5 PPY)
Conduct field stud-
ies with No. 1 and
No. 2 above. Adjust
water transport pro-
cess models as need-
ed.
(1.0 PPY)
Conduct field stud-
ies of temperature
effects. Adjust
temperature process
rates for regional
and hydrologic con-
ditions.
(1.0 PPY)
1.5
1.5
-67-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: ^Jorth, South, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.1.12.5 Determine ef-
fects of forest drain-
age on nutrient
outflows.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
1.1.13 Quantify NPSP
processes affected by
mining.
(Note: these activities
are included in planning
documents for SEAM (Sur-
face Environment and
Mining and Surface Mined
Area Rehabilitation,
Northeastern Forest Ex-
periment Station.)
1.2 Develop and test
improved methods for
predicting NPSP for
comparative evaluation
of forest and range
practices and control
strategies.
1.2.1 Develop and test
improved methods for pre-
dicting baseline NPSP
processes.
Review previous
research. Relate
foreign conditions
to U.S. activities.
Identify research
needs.
(1.0 PPY)
Supplement ongoing
research as needed for
NPSP goal.
(1.0 PPY)
2.0
These programs include R&D activities designed to develop alternative methods to minimize
adverse impacts of mining on water quality, thus, no arrays are shown herein.
-68-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: [forth, jjputh, jlocky Mountain, P_acific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity.
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
Lead Array
1.2.1.1 Install base-
line NPSP studies on
selected watersheds.
(R-15)
(N/H, S/H, R/V, P/H)
1.2.1.2 Develop an
initial, modular,
linked set of con-
ceptual models for
quantitatively pre-
dicting NPSP based
on a synthesis of
existing knowledge.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
1.2.1.3 Improve, test,
evaluate, refine, and
validate the system of
process models for quan-
titative prediction of
normal NPSP processes.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
Select and instrument
first-order catchments
in major forest types
and regions.
(5.0 PPY)
Review existing lit-
erature. Develop
model components
(modules) for source,
sink, loading, and
transport processes
in time and space
sufficient to model
an entire basin.
Include vegetation
growth. Integrate
modules into a com-
puter system.
(3.0 PPY)
Review and revise
as needed.
(5.0 PPY)
Perform sensitiv-
ity analyses and
evaluate from re-
search and user
perspective.
(2.0 PPY)
Continue studies.
Review and revise
as needed.
(5.0 PPY)
Use results in
other 1.2.1 work.
Continue studies.
Review and revise
as needed.
(5.0 PPY)
Use results in
other 1.2.1 work.
Review, evaluate,
and publish.
Terminate or con-
tinue as needed.
(3.0 PPY)
Use results in
other 1.2.1 work.
23.0
5.0
Based on results of
1.2.1.2 work, develop
test, evaluate, refine,
and validate improved
quantitative version
of modules for NPSP
processes.
(1.5 PPY)
Test, evaluate, and
refine as needed.
(1.5 PPY)
Test, evaluate, and
refine as needed.
(1.5 PPY)
Test, validate,
and publish.
(1.5 PPY)
6.0
-69-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: North, ^outh, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY A
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.2.1.4 Simplify and
regionalize the system
of process modules
into user oriented
modular planning
models for quanti-
tative prediction of
baseline NPSP.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
1.2.1.5 Develop model
components for genera-
tion of climatic in-
puts.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
Safeguard Array
1.2.1.6 Develop, re-
fine, and regionalize
empirical techniques
for quantitative pre-
diction of baseline
NPSP using existing
data and knowledge.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
Develop model com-
ponents for genera-
tion of weather
data required to
run process models.
(2.0 PPY)
Review and synthesize
existing data and em-
pirical techniques.
Define further needs.
Hake data and models
available in techni-
cal information system.
(1.0 PPY)
With models avail-
able from 1.2.1.3,
perform sensitivity
analysis, simplify,
regionalize process
models into user
oriented planning
tools.
(2.0 PPY)
Test, evaluate, and
refine.
(2.0 PPY)
Continue, including
new data, refine
techniques and
models.
(0.5 PPY)
Couple models into
integrated system as
they are available.
(2.0 PPY)
Couple additional
models to planning
tools as available.
(2.0 PPY)
Conclude, test,
evaluate, and publish.
(2.0 PPY)
8.0
Test, evaluate, and
refine.
(1.0 PPY)
Conclude.
results.
(1.0 PPY)
Document
6.0
Test, evaluate, and
refine.
(0.5 PPY)
Test, evaluate, and
refine. Continue.
(0.5 PPY)
Conclude and publish.
(0.5 PPY)
3.0
-70-
-------
Abbreviation Definitions:
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: tlorth, ^puth, R.ocky Mountain, P_acific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
Supplementary Array
1.2.1.7 Model effects
of atmospheric pollu-
tion on NPSP processes.
(R-10)
(op. clt.)
1.2.1.8 Model effects
of short and long term
climatic changes and
weather modification
on NPSP processes.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
1.2.2 Develop and test
improved methods for pre-
dicting effects on NPSP
of different systems
and levels of timber
harvesting.
Review available
knowledge in detail
and synthesize into
best process model.
Test and evaluate.
Refine additional
research needs.
(1.0 PPY)
Refine, test and
evaluate model.
Modify as needed.
(1.0 PPY)
Test and validate.
(1.0 PPY)
Conclude; document
final results.
(1.0 PPY)
4.0
Develop modules for
simulating climate
change. Use to pro-
vide inputs for long
term simulation.
Test and evaluate.
(1.0 PPY)
1.0
-71-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: torth, j>puth, Rocky Mountain, pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
Lead Array
1.2.2.1 Develop an
initial modular, linked
set of conceptual
models for quantita-
tive prediction of
effects of forest
and range activities
on NPSP based on a
synthesis of exist-
ing knowledge.
(R-15)
(N/L, S/V, R/L, P/V)
1.2.2.2 Develop site
specific field stud-
ies to quantify NPSP
from harvesting. This
includes design of
harvesting studies
and selection of har-
vesting systems for
field testing.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
Review existing lit-
erature. Develop
model components for
activity effects on
source, sink, load-
ing, and transport
processes in time
and space. Include
effects on vegeta-
tion growth. Inte-
grate these into
the initial system
developed in 1.2.1.
(3.0 PPY)
Define major silvi-
cultural systems and
cutting systems in
major forest types
and regions and
select NPSP-prone
sites for study
from review of anal-
ysis of existing
information.
(2.0 PPY)
Perform sensitivity
analyses and eval-
uate system from
research and user
perspective.
(2.0 PPY)
Use results in
other 1.2.1 work.
Use results in
other 1.2.1 work.
Use results in
other 1.2.1 work.
5.0
Determine and select
catchments of ap-
propriate size and
install study with
suitable controls.
Instrumentation to
include water level
recorders, sediment
samplers and samp-
lers for chemical
water quality, tem-
perature, etc.
(4.0 PPY)
Continue study,
review and revise
as needed.
(3.0 PPY)
Continue study,
review and revise
as needed.
(3.0 PPY)
Evaluate and publish
initial results.
Terminate or continue
as needed.
(4.0 PPY)
16.0
-72-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: North, South, Jlocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.2.2.3 Develop com-
ponent models for
predicting effects on
water and sediment
processes.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
1.2.2.4 Develop com-
ponent models for
predicting effects on
nutrients, organic
matter, dissolved
solids and gases.
(R-15)
(N/V, S/H, R/H, P/H)
1.2.2.5 Develop com-
ponent models for pre-
dicting effects on
thermal processes and
loading.
(R-15)
(N/L, S/M, R/M, P/M)
Review existing lit-
erature, test, evalu-
ate model components
for effects on surface
erosion and trans-
port processes.
(1.0 PPY)
Review literature and
develop model compo-
nents for effects of
harvest on litter
and root zone source,
sink,transport and
loading processes.
Test and evaluate
the model.
(1.5 PPY)
Review literature and
develop model compo-
nents for effects on
factors controlling
thermal processes on
terrestrial portion.
Test and evaluate.
(1.0 PPY)
Refine and validate
surface erosion and
transport models
for effects on land-
slide erosion, and
on channel erosion
and deposition, ag-
gradation and other
channel processes.
(2.0 PPY)
Continue refine-
ments of model if
needed. Couple
effects on root
zone processes.
Model effects of
resulting loading
into streams on
stream processes.
Test and evaluate.
(1.5 PPY)
Refine terrestrial
model. Develop com-
ponents for aquatic
portion. Test and
evaluate.
(1.0 PPY)
Refine, test, and
validate on field
test sites.
(2.0 PPY)
Conclude and document
results.
(1.0 PPY)
6.0
Continue refine-
ments as needed.
(1.5 PPY)
Test and refine.
(1.5 PPY)
Conclude and publish.
(1.0 PPY)
7.0
Continue refine-
ments. Validate
on test sites.
Document.
(1.0 PPY)
3.0
-73-
-------
Abbreviation Definitions:
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: Itorth, South, Rocky Mountain, P_acific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, I.ow
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
Safeguard Array
1.2.2.6 Conduct survey-
type studies on existing
harvesting operations
and develop empirical
prediction equations
for NPSP from har-
vesting operations
not specifically
designed for study
purposes.
(R-10)
(N/L, S/V, R/L, P/V)
1.2.2.7 Develop,
refine and region-
alize empirical
models for effects
of activities on
NPSP processes.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
1.2.2.8 Model effects
of natural catastro-
phes (insect outbreaks,
wind-throw) on NPSP
processes.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
Select and sample
disturbances on major
forest types and har-
vesting methods on
regional basis.
(2.0 PPY)
Synthesize existing
empirical models and
data. Evaluate and
define additional
needs.
(1.0 PPY)
Review and synthesize
existing data on ef-
fects of natural
catastrophes on factors
controlling NPSP pro-
cesses.
(1.0 PPY)
Design sampling
method and sample
small catchments
to determine
changes in sediment
concentrations, chem-
ical water quality,
peak flows, etc.; as
input for empirical
models.
(3.0 PPY)
Develop empirical
models from data
collected in
1.2.2.6.
(0.5 PPY)
Develop, test and
evaluate model com-
ponents for effects
on controlling fac-
tors.
(1.0 PPY)
Continue measurements.
Review and evaluate
as needed.
(3.0 PPY)
Test and revise.
(0.5 PPY)
Refine and continue
test.
(1.0 PPY)
Continue measure-
ments. Review and
evaluate as needed.
Publish initial
results.
(3.0 PPY)
Continue measurements
with sufficient inten-
sity to check empiri-
cal models.
(2.0 PPY)
13.0
Test, evaluate, and
refine model.
(0.5 PPY)
Test and verify
model on additional
areas. Publish.
(0.5 PPY)
3.0
Validate on test
sites and document.
(1.0 PPY)
4.0
-74-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: ^lorth, jjputh, jRocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, H_igh, ^edium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY k
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.2.3 Develop and test
improved methods for pre-
dicting effects on NPSP
of mechanical site prep-
aration.
Lead Array
1.2.3.1 Synthesize
and rank in order of
importance to NPSP
the mechanical tech-
niques used for species
conversion, improve-
ment of species com-
position, and cul-
tural treatments of
forest and rangelands
including chaining,
discing, plowing,
tree-crushing, shear-
ing, ripping, root
raking, windtowing,
bedding, terracing,
scalping, and plant-
ing.
(R-12)
(N/L, S/V, R/L, P/V)
Collect and synthesize
available information.
(2.0 PPY)
Evaluate and publish
information.
(2.0 PPY)
4.0
-75-
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: North, j>puth, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, H_igh, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.2.3.2 Develop model
components for predic-
tion of site preparation
effects on water and
sediment on thermal
processes, nutrients,
organic matter, dis-
solved solids, and
gases.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
1.2.4 Develop improved
methods for predicting
effects on NPSP of roads
and trails.
Lead Array
1.2.4.1 Determine the
influence of road plan-
ning on NPSP sediment
production considering
road location and its
relationship to geol-
ogy, geomorphology,
soil erodibility and
climate.
(R-8)
(N/L, S/V, R/L, P/V)
-Do simultaneously with timber harvest effects, 1.2.2.3-
Synthesize available
information into ini-
tial models.
(1.0 PPY)
Test, evaluate,
and refine.
(1.0 PPY)
Test and validate
water, sediment
temperature com-
ponents.
(1.0 PPY)
Test and refine
other components.
(1.0 PPY)
Test, validate, and
publish all compo-
nents.
(1.0 PPY)
5.0
Document planning
input from several
roads.
(0.5 PPY)
Quantify NPSP from
good and bad plan-
ning efforts.
(1.0 PPY)
1.5
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions: PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: North, J3puth, R.ocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.2.4.2 Determine effect
of road construction tech-
niques and operation on
NPSP sediment production
considering soil credi-
bility, type of equip-
ment, sequence of operations,
area of bare soil exposed,
adequacy and reliability
of inspection and probability
for revegetation success.
(R-9)
(op. cit.)
1.2.4.3 Determine effect
of road construction and
operation schedule (i.e.,
time of year construction
takes place) with respect
to NPSP sediment produc-
tion from predictable
annual hydrologic
events"(i.e., rainy
season, snow melt, high
intensity storms, etc.
(R-9)
(op. cit.)
Using terrain - NPSP
study areas from
1.1.4 plan, schedule,
and initiate high
payoff areas for
collecting NPSP in-
formation.
(0.5 PPY)
Using terrain - NPSP
study areas from
1.1.4 plan, schedule,
and initiate high
payoff areas for
collecting NPSP
information.
(0.5 PPY)
Evaluate and continue
as needed.
(2.0 PPY)
Evaluate and publish.
(2.0 PPY)
4.5
Evaluate and continue
as needed.
(1.0 PPY)
Evaluate and publish.
(1.0 PPY)
2.5
-77-
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: North, jjputh, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, I,ow
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.2.4.4 Develop model
components for predict-
ing effects of roads
and trails on water
and sediment processes.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
1.2.4.5 Develop model
components for predict-
ing effects on nutrient
processes.
(R-10)
(N/L, S/L, R/L, P/L)
1.2.4.6 Develop model
components for predict-
ing effects of roads
and road drainage sys-
tems on temperature
processes.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
Review existing models
for surface water move-
ment, detachment, trans-
port and deposition pro-
cesses on cut-fill
slopes, road surface
and drainage system.
Test, evaluate, and
refine.
(1.0 PPY)
Continue testing
and refinement of
surface model.
Develop component
models for effects
on subsurface water
movement and land-
sliding processes.
(1.0 PPY)
Synthesize avail-
able data into
initial model.
(1.0 PPY)
Develop, test,
evaluate, and
refine, model
components for
effects on fac-
tors controlling
temperature pro-
cesses and load-
ing.
(1.0 PPY)
Continue testing and
refinement. Couple
surface and landslid-
ing models. Incor-
porate models for
transport to channels,
and effects on channel
erosion processes.
(1.0 PPY)
Develop, test, evalu-
ate, and refine model
components for ef-
fects on factors con-
trolling nutrient pro-
cesses and loading.
(1.0 PPY)
Test and validate
model.
(1.0 PPY)
Continue refining
and testing on new
data.
(0.5 PPY)
Validate and docu-
ment.
(0.5 PPY)
4.0
Test, validate, and
publish model.-
(1.0 PPY)
3.0
2.0
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions: PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: North, South, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.2.4.7 Synthesize existing
information regarding the
effectiveness of planning
in the road building pro-
cess to avoid or reduce
NPSP sediment production
from roads with particular
emphasis on logging roads
in a forest environment.
(R-9)
(N/L, S/V, R/M, P/V)
Synthesize information.
(0.5 PPY)
0.5
1.2.4.8 Synthesize
existing information
regarding road con-
struction and opera-
tion techniques and
scheduling with
respect to NPSP
sediment production.
Specific information
shall be accumulated
and synthesized re-
garding logging roads
in a forest environ-
ment.
(R-9)
(op. cit.)
Synthesize informa-
tion.
(1.5 PPY)
Evaluate, summarize,
and publish.
(1.5 PPY)
3.0
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: Itorth, jkmth, Rocky Mountain, pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.2.5 Develop and test
Improved methods for pre-
dicting effects on NPSP
of fire.
Lead Array
1.2.5.1 Identify
areas and burning
techniques most
likely to cause
NPSP problems.
(R-9)
(N/L, S/M, R/M, P/H)
1.2.5.2 Develop site
specific field stud-
ies to quantify NPSP
from prescribed burn-
ing. This includes
design of studies
and selection of
systems for field
testing.
(R-9)
(op. cit.)
Review literature and
summarize information.
(0.5 PPY)
Install studies in
key forest types
where burning is
an important manage-
ment tool.
(4.0 PPY)
0.5
Continue studies.
(4.0 PPY)
Summarize findings and
publish recommendations.
(4.0 PPY)
12.0
-80-
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: torth, South, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; V_ery High, H_igh, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.2.5.3 Develop model
component for predict-
ing effects of fire
on water, sediment,
thermal, nutrients,
organic matter, dis-
solved solids, and
dissolved gases.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
1.2.6 Develop and
test improved methods
for predicting effects
on NPSP of fertilization.
Lead Array
1.2.6.1 Install stud-
ies on sites represen-
tative of conditions
in geographic areas
of major forestry
activities. Apply
fertilizer, cutting,
and site prepara-
tion treatments and
measure nutrient
outflow.
(R-8)
(N/L, S/H, R/L, P/H)
Perform literature
review and synthesize
results into a model
for effects of fire on
NPSP. Test and eval-
uate model.
(1.5 PPY)
Refine and test
models, emphasizing
important effects
of fire.
(1.5 PPY)
Test and validate
water, sediment
models. Test
refine others.
(1.5 PPY)
Test and validate
remaining compo-
nents.
(1.5 PPY)
Publish.
(1.0 PPY)
7.0
Based on literature
and review of ongoing
research, identify
those areas and
practices where
nutrient NPSP is
most likely to be a
problem.
(2.5 PPY)
Install studies and
instrument for
changes in surface
and groundwaters.
(7.0 PPY)
Continue studies,
evaluate results, and
make recommendations.
(7.0 PPY)
Synthesize field
studies. Identify
field data needs.
Establish new
studies as needed.
(1.0 PPY)
Summarize in terms
of process model
inputs by forest-
soil type and hydro-
logic parameters.
(2.0 PPY)
19.5
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: 14orth, jiputh, [locky Mountain, pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, I,ow
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.2.6.2 Develop model
components for predict-
ing effects of fertili-
zation on nutrient pro-
cesses.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
1.2.7 Develop and test
improved methods for pre-
dicting effects on NPSP
of waste disposal.
Lead Array
1.2.7.1 Develop compo-
nent models for pre-
dicting effects of
waste disposal on
water, temperature,
nutrient, microbes,
and toxic minor ele-
ments.
(R-15)
(N/H, S/H, R/L, P/L)
Develop model com-
ponent for all waste
disposal inputs and
couple to the over-
all system. Test
and evaluate.
(2.5 PPY)
Synthesize results
of literature re-
view. Develop
model components
for effects on fac-
tors controlling
nutrient source,
sink, transport,
cycling, and load-
ing processes.
Test and evaluate.
(1.0 PPY)
Refine and test
with emphasis on
important factors.
(1.0 PPY)
Refine and test.
(1.0 PPY)
Validate on test
sites and docu-
ment.
(0.5 PPY)
3.5
Refine, test, and
validate water and
temperature parts
on test sites. Testj
refine others.
(2.0 PPY)
Refine and test
other models.
(2.0 PPY)
Refine and test
other models.
(2.0 PPY)
Refine, test, vali-
date. Publish all
models.
(3.0 PPY)
11.5
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maxi=uai)
Regional priority: tforth, Jputh, R.ocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; \[ery High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.2.7.2 Field test
waste disposal methods
for confirmation of
prediction models,
including tests of
effluent irrigation,
sludge fertiliza-
tion and solid waste
disposal.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
1.2.8 Develop and
test improved methods
for predicting effects
of grazing on NPSP.
Lead Array
1.2.8.1 Conduct field
studies to evaluate
the effects of selec-
ted grazing systems
including seasons of
use on NPSP (in rela-
tion to topography,
soils, climate, and
ecosystem).
(R-8)
(N/L, S/L, R/V, P/L)
Compile available
data, identify areas
with inadequate data.
Design field tests
of ongoing opera-
tions.
(4.5 PPY)
Identify grazing sys-
tems which provide po-
tential for signifi-
cantly contributing to
NPSP on a local and
regional basis. Syn-
thesize from existing
information the ef-
fects of grazing sys-
tems on NPSP in rela-
tion to topography,
soils, climate, and
ecosystem.
(1.0 PPY)
Install studies.
(4.5 PPY)
Continue and install
additional studies.
(4.5 PPY)
Evaluate the ef-
fects of grazing
systems on NPSP.
(3.0 PPY)
Evaluate the effects
of grazing systems
on NPSP.
(3.0 PPY)
Continue studies
and synthesize data
for process models.
(4.0 PPY)
Develop and test stud-
ies and publish rec-
ommendations.
(4.0 PPY)
21.3
Evaluate the effects
of grazing systems
on NPSP.
(3.0 PPY)
Test grazing systems
to correct excessive
pollution.
(2.0 PPY)
Test grazing systems
to correct excessive
pollution.
(3.0 PPY)
15.0
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: Itorth, South, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, NIedium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.2.8.3 Conduct field
studies to evaluate
wildlife as a source
of bacteriological and
pathogenic contaminants
in NPSP.
(R-8)
(N/M, S/M, R/L, P/M)
1.2.8.4 Develop model
components for predict-
ing effects of grazing
on water, sediment,
thermal, nutrient,
organic matter, dis-
solved solids, gases,
and bacterial health
hazards.
(R-10)
(N/L, S/L, R/V, P/L)
Identify the source,
degree and contribu-
tion of wildlife to
bacteriological and
pathogenic contami-
nation. Include
contribution from
chemical constituents
such as N and P and
contribution to dis-
solved oxygen.
Synthesize from exist-
ing information the
effects of livestock
as a source of bac-
teriological and
pathogenic contami-
nants in NPSP.
(1.0 PPY)
Synthesize existing
information into
initial models. Test
and evaluate.
(2.0 PPY)
Develop plans for
evaluating wildlife
systems to minimize
pathogenic NPSP.
Compare uses by
wildlife management
systems for contri-
bution to NPSP prob-
lem.
(2.0 PPY)
Review and evaluate.
(2.0 PPY)
Review and evaluate.
(2.0 PPY)
Conclude and publish.
(1.0 PPY)
8.0
Test and validate
water, sediment
models. Refine
others.
(1.0 PPY)
Test and validate
temperature model.
Refine others.
(1.0 PPY)
Test and validate
organic matter
models. Refine
others.
(1.0 PPY)
Test, validate,
publish models.
(1.0 PPY)
6.0
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: torth, jjputh, Ilocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Nledium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.2.8.2 Conduct field
studies to evaluate
the effects of kinds
of animals, stocking
rates and grazing
patterns on NPSP
(in relation to
topography, soils,
climate, and eco-
system) .
(R-8)
(op. cit.)
Identify kind of
animal, stocking
rates, and grazing
patterns which
provide potential
for significantly
contributing to
NPSP on a local
and regional basis.
Synthesize from exist-
ing information the
effects of kinds of
animals, stocking
rates, and grazing
patterns on NPSP in
relation to topog-
raphy, soils, climate,
and ecosystem.
(1.0 PPY)
Evaluate the ef-
fects of kind of
animal, stocking
rates, and grazing
patterns on NPSP.
(3.0 PPY)
Evaluate the effects
of kind of animal,
stocking rates, and
grazing patterns, on
NPSP.
(3.0 PPY)
Evaluate the effects
of kind of animal,
stocking rates, and
grazing patterns on
NPSP.
(3.0 PPY)
Test kind of animal,
stocking rates, and
grazing patterns to
correct excessive
pollution.
(2.0 PPY)
Test kind of animal,
stocking rates, and
grazing patterns to
correct excessive
pollution.
(3.0 PPY)
15.0
-85-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: ttorth, South, Rocky Mountain, pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
ppv
1.2.9 Develop and test
improved methods for
predicting effects on
NPSP of recreation.
Lead Array
1.2.9.1 Conduct field
studies of high poten-
tial NPSP recreation
use.
(R-10)
(N/V, S/L, R/L, P/L)
1.2.9.2 Develop model
components for predict-
ing effects of recrea-
tion use on water,
sediment, thermal,
nutrient, organic
matter, dissolved
solids, gases and
bacterial health
hazards.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
1.2.10 Develop and test
improved methods for pre-
dicting effects on NPSP of
pesticides.
Synthesize knowledge
of recreation effects
on NPSP and identify
high impact uses.
(1.0 PPY)
Synthesize available
knowledge into an
initial version;
test and evaluate.
(1.5 PPY)
Select sites and
install field
studies of high
impact uses.
(4.0 PPY)
Refine and test all
components.
(1.0 PPY)
Review initial re-
sults and revise stud-
ies as needed.
(4.0 PPY)
Refine and validate
water and sediment
components. Refine
other components.
(1.0 PPY)
Review studies and
install additional
studies or terminate
as needed.
(2.0 PPY)
Refine and validate
remaining components.
(2.0 PPY)
Summarize and publish
results.
(2.0 PPY)
Publish results.
(1.0 PPY)
13.0
6.5
-86-
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions: PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: jforth, jjputh, liocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY
FY 5
Total
PPY
Lead Array
1.2.10.1 Apply se-
lected pesticides on
high-hazard study
situations under
laboratory, green-
house, and highly
controlled condi-
tions, and measure
resulting NPSP.
(R-8)
(N/L, S/M, R/M, P/L)
1.2.10.2 Develop model
components for predict-
ing effects of pesti-
cides on pesticide
cycling, source, sink,
transport, and load-
ing processes, water
and sediment processes,
nutrients, organic
matter, dissolved
solids, and dissolved
gases.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
1.2.11 Develop and test
improved methods for pre-
dicting effects on NPSP of
low head impoundments.
Based on literature
and review of ongoing
research, identify
those pesticides and
site characteristics
where water contami-
nation is most likely
to be a problem.
(1.0 PPY)
Synthesize available
knowledge into initial
version of model com-
ponents. Test and
evaluate.
(1.5 PPY)
Select regional
study areas in
key forest types
subject to pesti-
cide control and
install instrumen-
tation at down-
stream points.
(3.0 PPY)
Refine and test
components.
(1.0 PPY)
Replicate studies
in time as appro-
priate.
(4.0 PPY)
Review results and
determine additional
needs.
(2.0 PPY)
Summarize results
with recommenda-
tions.
(1.0 PPY)
11.0
Validate water and
sediment components.
Refine and test other
components. .
(1.0 PPY)
Validate organic
matter components.
Refine and test
other components.
(1.0 PPY)
Refine and validate
remaining components.
(1.0 PPY)
5.5
-87-
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: North, ^puth, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
Lead Array
1.2.11.1 Locate and
instrument sites to
field test predictive
models and study pro-
cesses where data
knowledge is lacking.
(R-10)
(N/M, S/L, R/M, P/L)
1.2.11.2 Develop model
components for predict-
ing effects on chemical
processes.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
1.2.12 Develop and
test improved methods
for predicting effects
on NPSP of stream
improvements, channeli-
zation and drainage.
Lead Array
Synthesize existing
information on effects
of low head impound-
ments.
(1.0 PPY)
Synthesize existing
information into an
initial version.
Test and evaluate.
(1.0 PPY)
Select field test
sites, based on pre-
dictive models.
Test results. Use
existing sites
where possible.
Install additional
sites and instru-
mentation as needed.
(2.0 PPY)
Develop, test and
evaluate predictive
model components.
(1.0 PPY)
Evaluate and con-
tinue studies as
needed.
(1.0 PPY)
Evaluate and con-
tinue studies as
needed.
(1.0 PPY)
Refine and validate
water and sediment
components. Refine
and test others.
(1.0 PPY)
Refine and test
components. Vali-
date temperature
model.
(1.0 PPY)
Evaluate and publish
results. Continue
as needed.
(1.0 PPY)
6.0
Refine and validate
remaining components.
(0.5 PPY)
4.5
-88-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: [forth, jSouth, jlocky Mountain, pacific Coast; \tery High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
1.2.12.1 Develop model
components for predict-
ing effects of stream
improvement and chan-
nelization on water,
sediment, nutrient,
and temperature pro-
cesses.
(R-15)
CN/L, S/H, R/V, p/v)
1.2.12.2 Develop model
components for effects
of drainage on salt
water intrusion and
groundwater quality.
(R-8)
(N/L, S/L, R/V, P/L)
FY 1
Synthesize available
information into an
initial model compo-
nent. Test and eval-
uate.
(1.0 PPY)
Synthesize available
information into
initial model.
(1.0 PPY)
FY 2
Test and validate
water, sediment
models. Refine
and validate others.
(1.0 PPY)
Test and evaluate.
(1.0 PPY)
FY 3 FY 4 FY 5 Total
PPY
Test and validate Test and validate Publish final results. 4.5
temperature model. other models. (0.5 PPY)
Refine and validate (1.0 PPY)
others.
(1.0 PPY)
Revise, test and Test and validate. Publish results. 5.0
evaluate as needed. (1.0 PPY) (1.0 PPY)
(1.0 PPY)
Safeguard Array
1.2.12.3 Compare and
rank effectiveness of
major forest and range
types for controlling
NPSP (tress vs. shrubs,
hardwoods vs. conifers,
etc.).
(R-9)
(N/L, S/M, R/V, P/L)
Review available
information and
define feasible
techniques.
(0.5 PPY)
Evaluate with
reconnaissance
approach.
(1.0 PPY)
Review evaluations
and revise as needed.
(1.0 PPY)
Make final recom-
mendations for further
research.
(1.0 PPY)
3.5
-89-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: Itorth, ^outh, Rocky Mountain, pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, L^ow
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY A
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.2.13 Develop and test
improved methods for pre-
dicting effects on NPSP
of mining.
(Note: these activities
are included in planning
documents for SEAM
(Surface Environment and
Mining) and Surface Mined
Area Rehabilitation,
Northeastern Forest
Experiment Station.
1.3 Develop new or
improved techniques
for controlling NPSP.
1.3.1 New methods for
normal-baseline NPSP
(No arrays; covered
under monitoring, 1.4).
1.3.2 New timber manage-
ment practices.
Lead Array
1.3.2.1 Integrate available
research data on harvesting
methods and develop guide-
lines to minimize or limit
the impact and duration of
NPSP.
(R-15)
(N/L, S/V, R/L, P/V)
-These programs include R&D activities designed to develop alternative methods to minimize-
adverse impacts of mining on water quality, thus, no arrays are shown herein.
Develop regional
guidelines and ob-
tain reviews.
(2.5 PPY)
Finalize guidelines.
(2.5 PPY)
5.0
-90-
-------
Abbreviation Definitions:
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximun)
Regional priority: ttorth, jkmth, jlocky Mountain, pacific Coast; Very High, High, ^tedium, Low
Activity
1.3.2.2 Integrate
available research
data and conduct
field tests to
develop recommended
methods for refores-
tation, including
timely replanting
to minimize or
limit NPSP.
(R-10)
(N/L, S/V, R/H, P/V)
FY 1
Evaluate past re-
search on rapid re-
establishment of
forest cover on
NPSP. Identify
gaps in knowl-
edge.
(1.0 PPY)
FY 2
Select field
evaluation sites
by region to
evaluate rapid
regeneration alter-
natives in critical
areas.
(3.0 PPY)
FY 3 FY 4 FY 5 Total
PPY
Complete field evalu- />u
ation of rapid regen-
eration effects on
NPSP. Summarize in
regional guidelines.
(3.0 PPY)
1.3.2.3 Develop new
or modify harvesting
systems to limit
NPSP.
(R-12)
(op. cit.)
1.3.3 New mechanical
site preparation prac-
tices.
Identify harvesting
methods and situa-
tions which poten-
tially contribute
significantly to
NPSP.
(2.0 PPY)
Prioritize harvest-
ing methods and site
situations requiring
new harvesting meth-
odology.
(2.0 PPY)
Develop, design
concepts for new
harvesting systems.
(2.0 PPY)
Select and test
design concepts
for new systems
to reduce NPSP.
(2.0 PPY)
Complete designs for
new harvesting systems
to reduce NPSP.
(6.0 PPY)
14.0
-91-
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Abbreviation Definitions:
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: ^Jorth, South, Rpcky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
Lead Array
1.3.3.1 Develop re-
gional prescriptions
for regeneration for
NPSP problem areas
including considera-
tion of species and
forest types based
on results from
harvesting research
(1.2.2) and results
from site prepara-
tion research—
mechanical (1.2.3),
controlled burning
(1.2.5) and chemical
(1.2.10).
Select major methods
and alternatives for
study in key forest
types and regions.
(3.0 PPY)
Install studies
and evaluate
early results.
(6.0 PPY)
Install additional
studies.
(10.0 PPY)
Continue studies.
(10.0 PPY)
Prepare, review, and
finalize recommenda-
tions to minimize
NPSP on regional
basis.
(3.0 PPY)
32.0
1.3.3.2 Identify and
test chemicals accept-
able to NPSP to alter
vegetation as an
alternative to mechan-
ical site preparation.
(R-12)
(op. cit.)
Work cooperatively
with developers to
identify promising
new herbicides.
(1.0 PPY)
Screen promising
broad spectrum and
selective herbi-
cides.
(2.0 PPY)
Conduct field stud-
ies to define dosage
and measure impacts
on NPSP.
(2.0 PPY)
Continue field
studies to iden-
tify acceptable
chemicals.
(2.0 PPY)
Prepare final rec-
ommendations includ-
ing needs for addi-
tional effort.
(1.0 PPY)
8.0
-92-
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: torth, ^puth,- Elocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.3.3.3 Test and eval-
uate new methods to
restore and stabilize
disturbed sites.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
Identify short-term
site stabilization
methods and isolate
most promising by
regions, soils, and
topography.
(2.0 PPY)
Test, regionally,
most promising
alternatives in con-
junction with har-
vesting (1.2.2.2)
and site prepara-
tion research
(1.2.3.2).
(3.0 PPY)
Continue FY
activities.
(3.0 PPY)
Summarize results
and prepare guide-
lines.
(2.0 PPY)
10.0
1.3.4 New methods
for roads and trails.
Lead Array
1.3.4.1 Investigate
criteria for recogniz-
ing NPSP in design
of roads on steep
slopes and sensitive
areas and associated
use areas such as
landings, spur roads
intersections and
overviews.
(R-12)
(N/L, S/V, R/L, P/V)
Coordinate research
effort with 1.1.4.2
to identify critical
problem areas.
(2.0 PPY)
Develop experi-
mental road design
criteria aimed at
least cost road
building procedures
which are environ-
mentally sound.
(3.0 PPY)
. Set up field experi-
ments in selected
regions.
(3.0 PPY)
Construct experi-
mental roads, in-
stall necessary
monitoring instru-
ments, and begin
data collection.
(3.0 PPY)
Complete evaluation
of first year opera-
tion of experimental
roads.
(3.0 PPY)
14.0
-93-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions: PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: IJorth, jjputh, Rocky Mountain, P_acific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
Conduct feasibility
study.
(0.5 PPY)
1.3.4.2 Investigate
feasibility of promis-
ing new methods of
road construction for
reduction and control
of NPSP.
(R-9)
(N/L, S/V, R/L, P/V)
1.3.5 New fire
practices.
Lead Array
1.3.5.1 Develop pre-
scriptions for curbing NPSP.
(R-8)
(N/L, S/M, R/M, P/H)
1.3.6 New fertilization practices.
Safeguard Array
1.3.6.1 Using knowledge presently
available, develop prescriptions
aimed at minimizing nutrient NPSP
from fertilizer application and
from enhanced mineralization fol-
lowing other management activities.
(R-10)
(N/L, S/H, R/L, P/H)
Conduct field tests
of new methods.
(1.0 PPY)
Continue field tests.
(1.0 PPY)
Complete field tests.
Report application.
(1.0 PPY)
3.5
Test prescriptions.
(1.0 PPY)
Test prescriptions.
(1.0 PPY)
2.0
Test prescriptions.
(0.5 PPY)
Test prescriptions.
(0.5 PPY)
1.0
-94-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 naxinum)
Regional priority: (forth, jjputh, jtocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.3.6.2 Develop pre-
scriptions for curbing
NPSP from fertilizer
application and from
enhanced mineraliza-
tion following other
management activities.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
1.3.7 New waste disposal
practices.
Lead Array
1.3.7.1 Develop im-
proved forest crop-
ping systems to mini-
mize nutrient dis-
charge from waste
disposal areas.
(R-14)
(N/H, S/H, R/L, P/L)
1.3.7.2 Develop appli-
cation methods for
waste recycling on es-
tablished forests and
rangelands to maximize
area available for this
use and reduce over-
loading sites.
(R-12)
(op. cit.)
Test prescriptions.
(2.0 PPY)
2.0
Review current litera-
ture and research ef-
forts. Identify areas
of new cropping methods
needs. Arrange coop-
erative studies.
(0.5 PPY)
Survey available meth-
ods including agricul-
tural waste application
methods. Describe waste
characteristics and
equipment needs; design
engineering research
needs.
(2.0 PPY)
Supervise and coor-
dinate regional
cooperative re-
search.
(0.5 PPY)
Design and field
test effluent,
sludge and solid
waste application
methods.
(2.0 PPY)
Supervise and coor-
dinate regional co-
operative research.
(0.5 PPY)
Complete engineering
and field tests. Pre-
pare informational
publication on new
equipment and methods.
(2.0 PPY)
Supervise and coor-
dinate regional
cooperative re-
search.
(0.5 PPY)
Compile research
results, develop
recommended methods
by waste type and
region.
(0.5 PPY)
2.5
6.0
-95-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: IJorth, South, Rocky Mountain, P_acific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
1.3.7.3 Develop
organic waste-
sewage waste com-
bination for soil
amendments to reduce
nutrient release from
waste disposal areas.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
1.3.8 New range
management prac-
tices.
Supplementary Array
1.3.8.1 Evaluate use
of soil binding chemi-
cals for stabilizing
soil practices on NPSP
critical or sensitive
lands. Study the use
of mechanical harvest-
ing techniques to pro-
vide forage supplies
from critical NPSP
lands.
(R-8)
(N/L, S/L, R/V, P/L)
Review results of coop-
erative research on
forest and agricultural
organic waste-nutrient
relationships in terms
of waste applications to
forest lands. Iden-
tify research needs.
Coordinate grant
research with ongoing
projects.
(1.0 PPY)
Identify and rank
range types and
grazing systems
contributing to
NPSP.
(2.0 PPY)
Laboratory studies
by cooperators on
various wood waste
especially in use
on mine spoils.
(1.0 PPY)
Complete field tests
by cooperators. Report
recommended practices
by waste and forest
management practices.
(1.0 PPY)
3.0
Compare and assess
mechanical harvest-
ing of forage as an
alternative to grazing.
(1.5 PPY)
3.5
-96-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maxima)
Regional priority: ^orth, jkmth, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
Total
1.3.8.2 Test livestock
management systems and
their contribution to
pathogenic, nutrient,
and sediment NPSP.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
1.3.9 New recreation
practices (No arrays)
1.3.10 New pesticide
practices.
Safeguard Array
1.3.10.1 Evaluate and
synthesize existing
information on subject
to develop prescriptions
aimed at curbing pesti-
cide entry into surface
and groundwaters.
(R-8)
(N/L, S/M, R/M, P/L)
Identify practices
and areas posing a
threat for contri-
buting pathogens,
nutrients, and sedi-
ment NPSP.
(1.0 PPY)
Develop or modify
systems to minimize
hazards.
(1.0 PPY)
Field test systems. Develop final
(1.0 PPY) recommendations.
(1.0 PPY)
4.0
Develop prescriptions.
(0.5 PPY)
Test prescriptions.
(0.5 PPY)
1.0
-97-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions: PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maxiTnum)
Regional priority: North, ^outh, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
Supplementary Array
1.3.10.2 Develop new
pesticides which de-
grade more rapidly
and/or are less
subject to transport
to water courses.
(R-8)
(Herbicides)
-Covered under 1.3.3.2-
1.3.10.3 Develop alter-
natives to pesticide use:
biological control
measures.
(R-8)
-Covered under other research programs
1.3.11 New methods for
low haad impoundment (No
Arrays;.
1.3.12 New stream improve-
ment and drainage practices.
-98-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: tforth, J3puth, Itocky Mountain, pacific Coast; V_ery High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
Supplementary Array
1.3.12.1 Conduct stud-
ies to determine effec-
tiveness of planting
supplementary vegeta-
tion, changing species
composition, fertili-
zation, developing
understory, etc.
(R-10)
(N/L, S/M, R/V, P/V)
Review and summarize
information. Select
areas for study.
Synthesize existing
information into
guidelines.
(4.0 PPY)
Field evaluate
regionally on
reconnaissance
basis. Conduct
field studies.
(5.0 PPY)
Develop and test
promising techni-
que.
(5.0 PPY)
Develop final rec-
ommendations includ-
ing those for further
effort. Complete
field studies.
(5.0 PPY)
Refine and publish
guidelines.
(2.0 PPY)
21.0
1.3.12.2 Investigate
physical methods to
control NPSP from
high hazard areas, as
a supplement to filter
and green strips.
(R-10)
(N/L, S/M, R/V, P/L)
Review literature
and identify most
feasible techniques
for key forest types
and regions.
(1.0 PPY)
Cooperate with
timber industry
and others to
install and evalu-
ate.
(1.0 PPY)
Review and revise
study as needed.
(1.0 PPY)
Analyze reports
and publish recommen-
dations.
(1.0 PPY)
4.0
-99-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: N_orth, jkiuth, Rocky Mountain, pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, I.ow
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.3.13 Hew mining
practices.
(Note: these activi-
ties are included in
planning documents
for SEAM (Surface
Environment and
Mining) and Surface
Mined Area Rehabili-
tation, Northeastern
Forest Experiment
Station.
These programs include R&D activities designed to develop alternative methods to minimize adverse
impacts of mining on water quality, thus, no arrays are shown herein.
1.3.14 New Mechanical
Equipment.
Lead Array
1.3.14.1 New mechanical
equipment.
(R-12)
(N/L, S/V, R/L, P/V)
Evaluate equipment
needs.
(2.0 PPY)
Develop 3 regional
proposals.
(6.0 PPY)
Develop equipment
systems.
(6.0 PPY)
Test equipment systems.
(6.0 PPY)
Implement and improve
equipment and systems.
(2.0 PPY)
22.0
-100-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: North, ^puth, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; \/ery High, H_igh, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.4 Develop improved
methods for NPSP mea-
surement and assess-
ment (to be coordinated
with the Interagency
Program on Recommended
Methods for Water Data
Acquisition and Re-
sources Planning Act
needs) .
1.4.1 Develop easily
measured indicators
for use in estimating
NPSP parameters or
classes of parameters.
Lead Array
1.4.1.1 Test light
transmittance (turbi-
dity) conductivity,
color, pH, micro-
biological and other
indicators for their
integration efficiency
and predictive capa-
bility.
(R-10)
(N/M, S/M, R/H, P/M)
Assemble and review exist-
ing information and data.
Identify knowledge gaps
and promising approaches
(1.0 PPY)
Model relationships
between indicators
and NPSP parameters
using existing data.
Start field studies.
(2.0 PPY)
Continue field studies
and analysis. Report
preliminary findings.
(1.0 PPY)
Complete studies and
start final analysis.
(2.0 PPY)
Complete analysis.
Develop recommenda-
tions for use of
indicators.
(1.0 PPY)
7.0
-101-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: North, South, Rocky Mountain, pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
Optimizing Array
1.4.1.2 Develop im-
proved techniques for
measuring inputs and
movements of patho-
genic bacteria through
forest and range eco-
systems—including
evaluation of fecal
colifonns as Indica-
tors.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
1.4.2 Select para-
meters, indicators,
and quantity of data
needed to efficiently
characterize the im-
pact of management
activities on environ-
mental factors affecting
water quality.
Survey state-of-the-art,
locate appropriate re-
search activities; de-
velop cooperative
studies with appro-
priate research
agencies.
(1.5 PPY)
Continue coopera-
tive studies. Pro-
vide NSF and FS
Research samples
for broad scale
evaluation.
(1.0 PPY)
Supplement with neces-
sary laboratory and
field tests.
(1.0 PPY)
Integrate results with
1.4.1 (1)
(0.5 PPY)
4.0
-102-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: North, jjputh, liocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2 '
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
Lead Array
1.4.2.1 Utilizing in-
put from Target 1.2,
determine data require-
ments needed for pre-
dictive model verifi-
cation, compliance,
and evaluation of
management practices,
control measures.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
1.4.3 Survey and eval-
uate field measurements
and sampling techniques
and make recommendations
for technique selection.
Lead Array
1.4.3.1 Determine re-
lative effectiveness
of monitoring manage-
ment practice vs. moni-
toring effects of the
practice.
(R-15)
(pp. cit.)
Accumulate background
information.
(0.5 PPY)
Evaluate case histories,
set up field studies
and co-op work.
(0.5 PPY)
Begin model vali-
dation. Input of
data from Target
1.2.
(0.5 PPY)
Continue. Report pre-
liminary results.
(0.5 PPY)
Update analysis.
(0.5 PPY)
Final analysis. Up-
date recommendations.
Publish final reports
on data requirements.
(1.0 PPY)
3.0
Field studies and
data analysis.
Develop prelimi-
nary results.
(1.0 PPY)
Field studies and data
analysis.
(0.5 PPY)
Evaluation of results.
(0.5 PPY)
Develop guidelines.
(0.5 PPY)
3.0
-103-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: ttorth, jjouth, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY It
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.4.3.2 Determine cri-
teria for optimum mea-
surement locations for
monitoring NPSP pollu-
tants with respect to
management activities.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
1.4.3.3 Develop cri-
teria for sample (or
observation) site
selection for both
on-site and in-stream
locations.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
1.4.3.4 Develop cri-
teria for sample
collection (or obser-
vation) procedures for
both on-site and in-
stream locations.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
Survey literature and
make personal contacts
with individuals cur-
rently working in the
area of parameter
measurements.
(0.2 PPY)
Same as 1.4.3.2 above.
Collate opinions
and speclflca-*
tlons. Input
from Target 1.1
and 1.2.
(0.1 PPY)
Same as 1.4.3.2
above.
Same as 1.4.3.2 above.
Same as 1.4.3.2
above.
Continue analysis of
input from Target 1.1
and 1.2. Develop
specific field studies
as needed. Report pre-
liminary recommendations.
(0.3 PPY)
Continue analysis
of Input from Target
1.1 and 1.2 and
field studies.
(0.2 PPY)
Final analysis. De-
velop guidelines for
standardized techni-
ques.
(0.2 PPY)
1.0
Same as 1.4.3.2 above. Same as 1.4.3.2 above. Same as 1.4.3.2 above.
1.0
Same as 1.4.3.2 above. Same as 1.4.3.2 above. Same as 1.4.3.2 above.
1.0
-104-
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: ^lorth, j>puth, jlocky Mountain, P_acific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.4.3.5 Develop cri-
teria for frequency
of sampling (obser-
vations) at both on-
site and in-stream
locations.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
1.4.3.6 Develop sta-
tistical procedures
to optimize data re-
quirements for moni-
toring programs.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
1.4.4 Survey and
evaluate instrumen-
tation used for mea-
suring pertinent
pollutants and make
recommendations for
instrumentation
selection pertinent
to monitoring and
assessment program.
Same as 1.4.3.2 above.
Same as 1.4.3.2
above.
Same as 1.4,3.2 above. Same as 1.4.3.2 above. Same as 1.4.3.2 above.
1.0
Survey literature and
make personal contacts
with individuals cur-
rently working in the
area of parameters
estimation.
(0.1 PPY)
Collate opinions
and techniques.
Test data input
from Target 1.1
and 1.2.
(0.2 PPY)
Continue analysis of
input from Target 1.1
and 1.2. Develop and
report preliminary
specifications.
(0.2 PPY)
Continue analysis of
input from Target 1.1,
1.2, and 1.4.3.
(0.2 PPY)
Final analysis.
Develop guidelines
for standardized
techniques.
(0.3 PPY)
1.0
-105-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: Itorth, £outh, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
Lead Array
1.4.A.I Evaluate instru-
ment accuracy and sensi-
tivity.
(R-9)
(op. cit.)
1.4.4.2 Evaluate in-
struments' reliability,
ruggedness, and por-
tability.
(R-9)
(op. cit.)
1.4.4.3 Evaluate in-
struments' availability.
(R-9)
(op. cit.)
1.4.4.4 Evaluate in-
strument cost.
(R-9)
(op. cit.)
1.4.4.5 Recommend in-
strumentation for accom-
plishing NPSP monitoring
and assessment tasks
at least cost.
(R-9)
(op. cit.)
Survey literature and
instrument manufacture
for specifications and
background experience.
(1.0 PPY)
Same as 1.4.4.1 above.
Evaluate instrumenta-
tion needs and make
preliminary recom-
mendations for in-
strument selection.
List new instrumen-
tation needed.
(0.1 PPY)
Survey users of
pertinent instru-
mentation and
document their
experiences.
(1.0 PPY)
Same as 1.4.4.1
above.
Test Instruments that
show promise but for
which background ex-
perience is lacking.
(1.0 PPY)
Same as 1.4.4.1 above.
Evaluate instrumenta-
tion needs.
(0.5 PPY)
Same as 1.4.4.1 above.
Survey manufacturers
and instrument users.
Include availability
and quality of main-
tenance .
(0.1 PPY)
Develop a listing of
instrument specifi-
cations and cost.
(0.1 PPY)
-106-
Update information
obtained in FY 2 and
include data on new
instruments.
(0.1 PPY)
Update information
obtained in FY 2.
(0.1 PPY)
Make final recommen-
dations on instrumen-
tation to or for accom-
plishing NPSP measuring
and monitoring tasks at
least cost.
(0,1 PPY)
3.5
3.5
0.2
0.2
0.2
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: ^orth, jjputh, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.4.5 Survey and eval-
uate pollutant analysis
procedures and make
recommendations for
standard methods per-
tinent to monitoring
and assessments pro-
grams.
(R-8)
Lead Array
1.4.5.1 Evaluate
and recommend sample
storage requirements.
(R-8)
(op. cit.)
1.4.5.2 Evaluate and
recommend field and
laboratory procedures.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
Survey present "standard
methods" in cooperation
with the Interagency
Program on Recommended
Methods for Water Data
Acquisition.
(0.1 PPY)
Same as 1.4.5.1 above.
Adapt procedures
to NPSP monitoring
program needs.
Make new tests
as needed.
(0.3 PPY)
Same as 1.4.5.1
above.
Update based on new 0.5
information.
(0.1 PPY)
Same as 1.4.5.1 above. 0.5
-107-
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: Ilorth, S_outh, flocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.4.5.3 Develop a uni-
form set of guidelines
for analysis procedures
that will meet the needs
for an NPSP monitoring
and assessment program.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
1.4.6 Develop new
measuring techniques
(methods) for use in
NPSP monitoring and
assessment programs
Lead Array
1.4.6.1 Investigate
capabilities of remote
sensing and other
techniques for use
in NPSP monitoring
and assessment programs.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
1.4.7 Identify data
needs for establishing
baseline conditions.
Review capabilities of
remote sensing for use
in NPSP monitoring
and assessment pro-
grams .
(1.0 PPY)
Develop a uniform
set of guidelines.
CO.6 PPY)
Cont inue. Conduct
field verification
tests. Begin devel-
opment of new
sampling equipment
based on input
from 1.4.2 and
1.4.3.
(3.0 PPY)
Continue. Report pre-
liminary findings.
(2.0 PPY)
Field test new
sampling equip-
ment and new
technique:.
(2.0 PPY)
Update guidelines
based on past ex-
periences and new
information.
(0.4 PPY)
1.0
Make final techniques
evaluations and develop
guidelines for their
use.
(2.0 PPY)
10.0
-108-
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: fJorth, South, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
Lead Array
1.4.7.1 Determine
criteria for evaluat-
ing expected natural
variability of con-
stituents that could
become NPSP pollutants
(See 1.1.1)
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
1'.4.8 Develop proce-
dures for water quality
assessments for the
Resources Planning Act.
Lead Array
1.4.8.1 Determine re-
quirements of RPA for
water quality assess-
ment.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
1.4.8.2 Select pro-
cedures for esti-
mating water quality
under alternative
management levels.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
Summarize available
data to define ex-
pected levels and
variability para-
meters by regions.
(1.0 PPY)
Evaluate assessment
needs for periodic
updates.
(0.2 PPY)
Test a range of para-
meters to determine
minimum needs.
(0.3 PPY)
Continue. Evaluate Initiate new field
needs for additional studies as needed.
field studies. Input from Target
(1.0 PPY) 1.1 and 1.4.2.
Develop report on
preliminary findings.
(1.0 PPY)
Complete analysis
and recommendations.
(1.0 PPY)
4.0
Evaluate availa-
bility of needed
data and methods
for obtaining it.
(0.3 PPY)
Continue. Deter-
mine availabi-
lity of needed
information and
devise a data
procurement pro-
cedure.
(0.8 PPY)
0.5
Test procedures on
actual cases.
(o.3 PPY)
Continue analysis of
test cases.
(0.3 PPY)
Make final recommenda-
tions on procedures.
(0.3 PPY)
2.0
-109-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions: PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maxinum)
Regional priority: North, South, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
1.4.8.3 Adapt proce-
dures to Forest Service
heirarchical land clas-
sification system and
other regional assess-
ment units.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
Evaluate present
institutional
arrangements for
Information trans-
fer.
(0.5 PPY)
Develop procedures to
facilitate Informa-
tion transfer to
appropriate organi-
zational levels to
meet assessment needs.
(0.5 PPY)
1.0
-110-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions: PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: >Iorth, ^puth, itocky Mountain, P_acific Coast; \[ery High, High, ^tedium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
2. Improved assessment
of NPSP effects on eco-
systems.
2.1 Determine effects
of NPSP on aquatic
ecosystems.
2.1.1 Determine effects
of NPSP on aquatic flora
and fauna.
Lead Array
2.1.1.1 Evaluate the
effects of herbicides
on rooted aquatic vege-
tation.
(R-10)
(N/H, S/M, R/H, P/H)
2.1.1.2 Characterize
the effects of turbi-
dity on rooted aquatic
vegetation.
(R-8)
(op. cit.)
Review and summarize
existing pertinent
knowledge. Identify
researchable knowl-
edge gaps. Design
and commence labora-
tory studies.
(3.0 PPY)
Conduct laboratory
testing of herbi-
cide effects.
(3.0 PPY)
Conduct laboratory test-
ing. Design field veri-
fication studies based
upon laboratory test
results.
(3.0 PPY)
Review and summarize
existing knowledge.
Identify knowledge gaps,
and commence laboratory
research to fill them.
(1.5 PPY)
Complete lab testing.
Commence field studies
on a variety of sites
for verification.
(3.0 PPY)
Complete laboratory
studies of critical
limits for growth and
reproduction of sev-
eral plant species.
Commence field veri-
fication studies.
(1.5 PPY)
Complete field stud- 15.0
ies. Write summary
report for activity.
(3.0 PPY)
Conclude field stud- 4.5
ies. Write compre-
hensive report.
(1.5 PPY)
-111-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: IJorth, jSouth, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
2.1.1.3 Evaluate the
effects of herbicides
on nonrooted aquatic
vegetation.
(R-12)
(op. cit.)
2.1.1.4 Measure the
effects of pesticides
on zoo-plankton.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
2.1.1.5 Evaluate the
effects of pesticides
on aquatic inverte-
brates.
(R-8)
(op. cit.)
Review and summa-
rize existing perti-
nent knowledge.
Identify research-
able knowledge gaps.
Design and commence
laboratory studies.
(1.0 PPY)
Conduct laboratory
testing of herbi-
cide effects.
(1.0 PPY)
Review and sum-
marize existing
knowledge. Iden-
tify needed re-
search. Conduct
laboratory studies
in controlled en-
vironments .
(1.5 PPY)
Review and sum-
marize existing
knowledge. Com-
mence applicable
laboratory research.
(1.0 PPY)
Continue laboratory
testing. Design
field verification
studies.
(2.0 PPY)
Design and conduct
field validation test-
ing of laboratory
results.
(1.5 PPY)
Complete laboratory re-
search. Commence field
validation studies and
tests of real-world
interactions.
(1.0 PPY)
Complete lab test-
ing. Commence field
studies on a variety
of sites.
(1.0 PPY)
Complete field stud-
ies. Write compre-
hensive report.
(2.0 PPY)
Conclude field stud-
ies. Write compre-
hensive report.
(1.0 PPY)
6.0
5.0
Complete field studies.
Write comprehensive
report.
(2.0 PPY)
4.0
-112-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: North, jjputh, llocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
2.1.1.6 Determine the
effects of sediment on
fish and associated key
aquatic organisms.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
2.1.1.7 Measure the
effects of temperature
on fish and associated
key aquatic organisms.
(R-8)
(op. cit.)
2.1.1.8 Measure the
effects of pesticides
on fish and associated
key aquatic organisms.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
Summarize knowledge
in a format that
fits NPSP objec-
tives. Design
needed research and
equipment.
(3.0 PPY)
Review and summa-
rize knowledge.
Identify research-
able knowledge
gaps. Design re-
search to fill
these gaps.
(0.5 PPY)
Commence labora-
tory and field re-
search on effects
of sediment parti-
cle sizes and
amounts on fish,
fish eggs, and
other organisms
under a variety
of aquatic con-
ditions.
(4.0 PPY)
Commence labora-
tory studies of
eggs of selected
species exposed
to different tem-
peratures. Deter-
mine fish reaction
to known tempera-
tures in flumes.
(2.0 PPY)
Commence labora-
tory and field
studies.
(1.0 PPY)
Continue laboratory and
field research.
(5.0 PPY)
Continue laboratory
and field research.
Begin to develop pre-
dictive model of
responses.
(5.0 PPY)
Complete laboratory
and field research.
Finish predictive
model of responses.
(3.0 PPY)
20.0
Continue laboratory and
flume studies. Validate
with field surveys.
(2.0 PPY)
Complete laboratory
and flume studies.
Summarize knowledge.
(2.0 PPY)
6.0
Complete studies.
Write comprehensive
report.
(1.5 PPY)
3.0
-113-
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: North, ^puth, Itocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, L_ow
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
2.1.1.9 Characterize the
effects of turbidity on
fish and associated key
aquatic organisms.
(R-8)
(op. cit.)
Optimizing Array
2.1.1.10 Summarize the
existing literature on
the effects of dissolved
gases on fish.
(R-9)
(op. cit.)
2.1.2 Determine habitat
requirements of aquatic
flora and fauna.
Review pertinent
knowledge and sum-
marize in an appro-
priate written
format.
(0.5 PPY)
Summarize existing
knowledge. Design
and commence labora-
tory studies. Com-
mence field study
and survey organism
reactions.
(2.0 PPY)
Complete both laboratory
and field studies. Write
report of results.
(2.0 PPY)
4.0
0.5
Lead Array
2.1.2.1 Determine water
velocity tolerances of
rooted vegetation.
(R-9)
(op. cit.)
Review and summa- Complete studies. Write
rize existing knowl- comprehensive report.
3.0
edge. Design and
commence flume and
artificial channel
studies.
(1.0 PPY)
(2.0 PPY)
-114-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: £orth, S>puth, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
2.1.2.2 Characterize
the physical substrate
requirements of fish
and associated key
aquatic organisms.
(R-12)
(op. cit.)
2.1.2.3 Determine
the water temperature
requirements for fish.
(R-9)
(op. cit.)
2.1.2.4 Assess the
water velocity require-
ments of fish and asso-
ciated key aquatic
organisms.
(R-12)
(op. cit.)
2.1.2.5 Measure the
cover requirements needed
by fish.
(R-8)
(op. cit.)
Review and summa-
rize knowledge.
Design needed re-
search. Commence
laboratory research
on substrate pref-
erences.
(2.0 PPY)
Review and summa-
rize knowledge. Com-
mence laboratory
studies of selected
species. Design and
commence studies in
field for verifica-
tion of laboratory
data.
(3.0 PPY)
Review and summa-
rize knowledge.
Select researchable
gaps. Design and
initiate flume stud-
ies.
(2.0 PPY)
Review existing
knowledge. Design
and initiate needed
research.
(1.0 PPY)
Commence field
classification and
evaluation of sub-
strates and sub-
strate changes.
Continue labora-
tory flume research.
(5.0 PPY)
Continue field and
laboratory studies.
(2.0 PPY)
Conduct studies in lab-
oratory and field.
(5.0 PPY)
Continue field studies.
(2.0 PPY)
Conduct flume stud- Complete flume studies.
ies. Commence veloc- Continue research in
ity, behavior, and field.
population studies (2.0 PPY)
in field.
(2.0 PPY)
Conduct research
in laboratory and
field.
(1.0 PPY)
Complete laboratory re-
search. Gather 3rd-year
field data.
(1.0 PPY)
Continue studies.
Validate labora-
tory results in
field.
(4.0 PPY)
Continue field
studies.
(2.0 PPY)
Continue field
research.
(2.0 PPY)
Continue field
research.
(1.0 PPY)
Complete studies.
Develop a model for
substrate require-
ments.
(4.0 PPY)
Complete studies.
Develop a model for
temperature require-
ments.
(3.0 PPY)
20.0
12.0
Complete field re-
search. Write com-
prehensive report for
activity.
(2.0 PPY)
Complete field re-
search. Write com-
prehensive report
for activity.
(1.0 PPY)
10.0
5.0
-115-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions: PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maxinum)
Regional priority: IJorth, ^puth, Rocky Mountain, P_acific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
Optimizing Array
2.1.2.6 Summarize the
existing literature on
the requirements of
fish for water dissolved
(R-9)
(op. cit.)
2.1.2.7 Synthesize the
existing information on
the light requirements
of rooted aquatic vege-
tation.
(R-9)
(op. cit.)
Review and summarize
existing information
and classify to fit
land use and possible
impacts.
(0.5 PPY)
0.5
Review and summa-
rize existing
knowledge. Design
and initiate lab-
oratory research
needed.
(1.5 PPY)
Complete laboratory re-
search. Write report
for activity.
(1.5 PPY)
3.0
2.2 Determine effects
of NPSP on the aquatic-
terrestrial interface
ecosystems.
2.2.1 Determine effects
of NPSP on flora and fauna
in the aquatic-terrestrial
interface.
-116-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions: PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: North, South, flocky Mountain, P_acific Coast; Very High, H_igh, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
Optimizing Array
2.2.1.1 Summarize exist-
ing information on the
effects of herbicides
on aquatic emergent vege-
tation.
(R-9)
(op. cit.)
2.2.1.2 Summarize exist-
ing information on the
effects of herbicides
on riparian vegetation.
(R-9)
(op. cit.)
2.2.2 Determine habi-
tat requirements of
flora and fauna in the
aquatic-terrestrial
interface (No arrays).
2.3 Determine effects
of NPSP on terrestrial
ecosystems.
2.3.1 Determine effects
of NPSP on terrestrial
flora and fauna.
Review and summarize
existing knowledge in
a format suitable for
application of NPSP
program.
(0.3 PPY)
Review and summarize
existing knowledge in
a format suitable for
application to NPSP
program.
(0.3 PPY)
0.3
0.3
-117-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: Iforth, jjputh, Ilocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
Optimizing Array
2.3.1.1 Summarize appli-
cable existing informa-
tion on the effects of
pathogens on man.
(R-8)
(op. cit.)
2.3.2 Determine habi-
tat requirements of
terrestrial flora and
fauna subject to NPSP
influence. (No arrays).
2.3.3 Determine re-
duced productivity at
source as a result of
soil and nutrient loss.
Lead Array
2.3.3.1 Determine the
nutrient losses from
and resultant lowered
productivity of soils
via water erosion and
water leaching. (Also
being done in 1.1)
(R-8)
(op. cit.)
Review and summarize
pertinent existing
knowledge in a format
suitable for applica-
tion to NPSP program.
(0.5 PPY)
0.5
Review existing
knowledge. Develop
research program
using plot data and
modelling design
studies.
(2.0 PPY)
Commence field plot
studies.
(4.0 PPY)
Conduct plot and water-
shed studies.
(4.0 PPY)
Continue plot and
watershed research.
Commence modelling.
(5.0 PPY)
Complete plot re-
search. Complete
model of expected
losses under an
array of conditions.
(5.0 PPY)
20.0
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: ttorth, jjouth, j*ocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
Target 3
3. Improved methods
and criteria for
evaluating socio-
economic effects of
NPSP and NPSP controls.
3.1 Develop methods
and criteria for eval-
uating adverse socio-
economic effects of
NPSP.
3.1.1 Determine adverse
effects of NPSP on recre-
ation activities and
esthetic quality^
Lead Array
3.1.1.1 Define and
identify reduction in
fishing participation
and quality in terms
of fish species and
levels and kinds of
NPSP.
(R-15)
(N/H, S/H, R/H, R/H)
Identify impacts on
fish populations using
best physical informa-
tion (process models)
available.
(1.0 PPY)
Identify effects on
fishing participation
using surveys and
observations.
(1.0 PPY)
Establish a measure of
effects on fishing
quality based on liter-
ature review.
(1.0 PPY)
Identify effects on
fishing quality based
on field tests and
interviews.
(1.0 PPY)
Evaluate tests and
interview and summaries.
(1.0 PPY)
5.0
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: tJorth, South, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
3.1.1.2 Define and
identify reductions
in swimming parti-
cipation and quality
by types of swimming
opportunities for
various levels and
kinds of NPSP.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
3.1.1.3 Define and
identify reductions
in boating and
associated recrea-
tion participation
and quality by types
of boating opportun-
ities for various
levels and kinds of
NPSP.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
3.1.1.4 Define and
identify reductions
in esthetic quality
by types of aquatic
environments for
various levels and
kinds of NPSP.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
Identify impact on
swimming opportunities.
(0.5 PPY)
Identify impact on
boating opportuni-
ties.
(1.0 PPY)
Adapt a relative
rating scale for
scenic quality of
environments.
(2.0 PPY)
Identify impact on
swimming participation
using surveys and ob-
servations.
(1.0 PPY)
Establish a measure of
swimming quality based
on literature review.
(0.5 PPY)
Define effects on swim-
ming quality of NPSP.
(1.0 PPY)
Summarize pollutant
related reductions.
(1.0 PPY)
4.0
Identify impact on
boating participation
using surveys and ob-
servations.
(1.0 PPY)
Establish a measure of
boating quality based
on literature review.
(1.0 PPY)
Define effects on
boating quality.
(1.0 PPY)
4.0
Determine effects of Continue and complete,
NPSP on scenic quality. (1.0 PPY)
(2.0 PPY)
5.0
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: torth, jjputh, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, H_igh, Medium, Low
Activity FY 1 FY 2 FY 3
3.1.2 Determine obvious
adverse impacts of NPSP
on the demand for and
value ($ and non $) of
recreation activities,
agricultural activities,
and other water resources
activities.
FY 4 FY 5 Total
PPY
3.1.2.1 Identify de-
mands for and value
of fishing, bird
watching, swimming,
and boating activi-
ties negatively
affected by NPSP
using available
methods and sensi-
tivity analyses.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
3.1.2.2 Determine
the dollar costs
resulting from pos-
sible physical
damage to down-
stream structures
and lands caused
by high levels of
NPSP.
(R-12)
(op. cit.)
Use available methods
such as Clawson-Hotelling
to calculate demand
functions for fishing,
bird watching, swimming,
and boating. Conduct
sensitivity analyses.
(2.0 PPY)
Determine physical im-
pacts of various levels
of NPSP on reservoirs,
impoundments.
(1.0 PPY)
Develop value scales
for each activity and
pollutant.
(2.0 PPY)
4.0
Identify costs of impacts.
(1.0 PPY)
2-0
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: ^orth, ^outh, Rocky Mountain, P_acific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
3.1.2.3 Determine
the value of re-
duced commercial
fishing harvests
caused by high
levels of NPSP.
(R-9)
(op. cit.)
3.1.2.4 Identify
any costs or bene-
fits to agriculture
from NPSP, includ-
ing increased nu-
trients ,increased
salinity, elevated
temperatures, and
resultant effects.
(R-12)
(op. cit.)
Optimizing Array
3.1.2.5 Determine
the major secondary
(local economies
and related busi-
ness) socioeconomic
impacts of high
levels of NPSP.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
Determine impacts on
fish populations.
(1.0 PPY)
Determine physical
impacts on crops.
(1.0 PPY)
Determine effects of re-
duced fish population on
harvests based on liter-
ature and historical in-
formation. Determine
value of fish harvests.
(1.0 PPY)
Determine savings in
fertilization costs
and other possible
increased costs.
(2.0 PPY)
2.0
3.0
Identify secondary
impacts on a local
scale.
(2.0 PPY)
Determine secondary
impacts on a regional
and national scale.
(1.0 PPY)
Summarize secondary
socioeconomic impacts.
(1.0 PPY)
4.0
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions: PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: ^orth, jSputh, Ilocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, L_ow
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
3.1.3 Determine value
and costs of health re-
lated impacts of NPSP.
Lead Array
3.1.3.1 Determine
water treatment costs
by pollutant and
level of removal
required to achieve
health standards.
(R-12)
(op. cit.)
3.1.3.2 Evaluate
actual and perceived
reduction in drink-
ing water quality
caused by various
levels and kinds of
NPSP.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
3.1.3.3 Determine
health costs by
case examples re-
sulting from high
NPSP.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
Examine cost records
where available and
dp engineering and
cost efficiency
studies.
(1.0 PPY)
Develop a quanta-
tive index of drink-
ing water quality
from existing liter-
ature and through
contacts with Water
Works Associations
and Federal Health
Agencies.
(1.0 PPY)
Determine cases where
health effects have
been studied. Cost
out these cases.
(1.0 PPY)
Evaluate results of
pilot testing new
treatments.
(2.0 PPY)
Use the index to eval-
uate actual (oserved)
increments of NPS pol-
lutants in treated
drinking water.
(2.0 PPY)
Identify health costs
by pollutant from
selected samples.
(1.0 PPY)
Evaluate the influence
of knowledge of use of
treated effluent on per-
ceived drinking water
quality.
(1.0 PPY)
Evaluate effects of NPSP
pollutants on perceived
water quality.
(1.0 PPY)
4.0
Evaluate the influence
of knowledge of use of
treated effluent on per-
ceived drinking water
quality.
(1.0 PPY)
5.0
2.0
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions: PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: North, South, Rocky Mountain, pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
Supplementary Array
3.1.3.4 Develop ways
of considering, in
decisionmaking pro-
cesses, the potential
nondollar costs (oppor-
tunities foregone
decreased community
happiness) associated
with health impairment,
both acute and chronic,
from NPSP.
(R-8)
(op. cit.)
3.2 Develop methods and
criteria for evaluating
socioeconomic effects of
NPSP field controls.
3.2.1 Quantify and deter-
mine $ value of changes in
production of (heavily
impacted forest related)
goods and services result-
ing from various kinds
and levels of NPSP controls
Identify value of
health.
(1.0 PPY)
Correlate health
and NPSP.
(1.0 PPY)
Summarize non-dollar
costs and produce
indices for decision-
making processes.
(1.0 PPY)
3.0
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: North, jjputh, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; V_ery High, H_igh, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
Lead Array
3.2.1.1 Quantify and
determine $ value of
changes in quantity
and quality of har-
vested timber.
(R-12)
(op. cit.)
3.2.1.2 Quantify and
determine $ value of
changes in quantity
and quality of live-
stock production.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
3.2.1.3 Quantify and
determine $ value of
changes in recreation
and fishing, partici-
pation or quality.
(R-12)
(op. cit.)
3.2.1.4 Identify major
$ value changes of oth-
er obviously impacted
goods and services re-
sulting from NPSP con-
trols on forest and
range road systems.
(R-9)
(op. cit.)
Analyze changes
from current con-
trol practices.
(2.0 PPY)
Analyze changes
resulting from
current BMP.
(1.0 PPY)
Analysis of
change resulting
from BMP currently.
(1.0 PPY)
Analyze existing
conditions from
current BMP.
(2.0 PPY)
Select control prac-
tices, both field
and institutional,
collect data.
(3.0 PPY)
Select control
practices, both
field and insti-
tutional, collect
data.
(2.0 PPY)
Select field and
institutional con-
trol practices for
evaluation. Ascer-
tains data require-
ments .
(0.5 PPY)
Select most signifi-
cant road controls
and identify the
other changes.
(1.0 PPY)
Quantify changes in
quantity and quality
of harvested timber
due to implementation
of NPSP controls.
(3.0 PPY)
Quantify reductions
in quantity and
quality of livestock
production due to
implementation of
NPSP controls.
(2.0 PPY)
Evaluate existing data.
Begin field studies as
needed.
(1.0 PPY)
Collect only needed
field data.
(2.0 PPY)
-125-
8.0
5.0
Continue field stud-
ies and begin data
analysis.
(0.5 PPY)
Accumulate, summarize
results and determine
market value of result-
ing changes.
(2.0 PPY)
Complete analysis;
report results.
(1.0 PPY)
4.0
7.0
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions: PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: IJorth, South, jlocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity FY 1 FY 2 FY 3 FY 4FY 5 Total
PPY
3.2.2. Estimate direct
costs of implementing
promising field con-
trols.
Lead Array
3.2.2.1 Determine Consider costs Calculate the $ cost 2-°
direct labor costs. of existing BMP. of new BMP.
(R-12) (1.0 PPY) (1.0 PPY)
(op. cit.)
f\ r\
3.2.2.2 Determine Consider costs Calculate the $ cost
direct material of existing BMP. of new BMP.
and machinery (1.0 PPY) . (1.0 PPY)
costs.
(R-12)
(op. cit.)
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: £orth, South, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY
FY 5
Total
PPY
3.2.2.3 Estimate over-
head costs.
(R-12)
(op. cit.)
3.2.3. Outline obvious
secondary socioeconomlc
impacts of NPSP controls.
3.2.3.1 Outline such
obvious secondary $
costs of NPSP controls
as rural community
losses, small business
failures, and decreased
productivity.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
3.2.3.2 Outline ob-
vious secondary non
$ costs of NPSP con-
trols.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
Analysis of exist-
ing BMP costs.
(1.0 PPY)
Outline major
secondary $
effects.
(1.0 PPY)
Identify major
secondary non $
effects.
(2.0 PPY)
Estimate overhead
cost.
(1.0 PPY)
2.0
Calculate $ costs
of secondary ef-
fects.
(1.0 PPY)
2.0
Calculate non $ costs
of secondary effects.
(1.0 PPY)
3.0
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: ^Jorth, Jiputh, Rocky Mountain, pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
3.2.3.3 Identify the
effect NPSP controls
may have on timber,
livestock, and recrea-
tion firm size, compet-
itiveness in related
markets, and prices
in related markets.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
3.2.4 Identify signifi-
cant equity implications
of various kinds and
levels of NPSP controls.
Lead Array
3.2.4.1 Determine who
pays for pollution con-
trols; outline general
benefits from pollution
control; investigate
the implications of in-
equity and identify
mitigation strategies
to achieve reasonable
equity.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
Evaluate control ef- Identify firm size
fects in relation to competitiveness, etc.
commerce. connections.
(0.5 PPY) (0.5 PPY)
1.0
Define important
equity (income dis-
tribution, etc.)
implications for
various kinds and
incremental levels
of NPSP control.
Quantify.
(1.0 PPY)
Determine which social Determine import of
4.0
ethnic, and geograph-
ical groups would pay
for and benefit from
NPSP controls. Con-
duct surveys.
(2.0 PPY)
income distribution,
choice and polari-
zation (conflicts)
between groups.
(1.0 PPY)
-128-
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: tforth, South, jlocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
3.2.5 Array according
to cost alternatives to
achieve desired levels
of NPSP controls.
Lead Array
3.2.5.1 Display costs
and effects of control
on an incremental ba-
sis by pollutant.
(R-12)
(op. cit.)
3.2.5.2 Evaluate
alternative controls
from $ and non $
viewpoints.
(R-12)
(op. cit.)
3.3 Develop methods
and criteria for
evaluating socio-
economic effects of
institutional mecha-
nisms (including both
voluntary and regula-
tory) for NPSP control.
Analysis of BMP cur-
rently being used.
(1.5 PPY)
Develop index system
to provide common
values for costs and
effects.
(1.0 PPY)
Obtain information
on effectiveness
(measured) of NPSP
controls.
(0.5 PPY)
Begin cost effec-
tiveness analysis
of proposed controls.
(1.0 PPY)
3.0
Complete analyses.
(1.0 PPY)
2.0
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: Iforth, ^puth, Ilocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; V_ery High, High, ^ledium, L_ow
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
3.3.1 Identify alterna-
tive approaches using
institutional (voluntary
and regulatory) methods
for control.
3.3.1.1 Identify regula-
tory arrangements such
as standards, enforce-
ment activities, tax
and other incentives;
determine the costs
and benefits of such
institutional regula-
tory arrangements.
(R-12)
(op. cit.)
3.3.1.2 Identify non-
regulatory (voluntary)
arrangements such as
education, good environ-
mental management prac-
tice, extension service,
cost-sharing and deter-
mine the costs and bene-
fits of such institu-
tional voluntary ar-
rangements.
(R-12)
(op. cit.)
Define current in-
stitutional arrange-
ments.
(0.5 PPY)
Determine costs and
benefits, define
areas for improve-
ments.
(0.5 PPY)
Develop alternate
procedures.
(0.5 PPY)
Identify promising
new approaches.
(0.5 PPY)
2.0
Array voluntary
scenarios.
(1.0 PPY)
Project costs
of scenarios.
(1.0 PPY)
Develop acceptable
voluntary procedures.
(2.0 PPY)
4.0
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions: PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: tforth, jjputh, Rocky Mountain, pacific Coast; V_ery High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
3.J.2 Determine direct
costs of implementing
promising institutional
mechanisms for control.
Lead Array
3.3.2.1 Determine di-
rect labor and salary
costs, direct material
and hardware costs,
and enforcement costs
for regulatory con-
trols.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
3.3.2.2 Identify di-
rect costs of voluntary
control scenarios.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
3.3.3 Outline in-
direct and social costs
of implementing insti-
tutional mechanisms for
NPSP controls.
Identify cost vari-
ables and location
of data.
(0.5 PPY)
Define voluntary
control scenarios.
(2.0 PPY)
Calculate $ costs.
(2.0 PPY)
2.5
Determine costs
of voluntary
control alterna-
tives.
(0.5 PPY)
2.5
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Abbreviation Definitions:
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: North, jjputh, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, L_ow
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
Lead Array
3.3.3.1 Identify indi-
rect and social costs
($ and non $) and esti-
mate legal ($) costs of
implementation of NPSP
controls.
(R-12)
(op. cit.)
3.3.4 Determine (least
costly alternative)
institutional mechanisms
to achieve NPSP control.
Lead Array
3.3.4.1 Develop alter-
nate approaches in the
area of institutional
arrangements for NPSP.
(R-12)
(op. cit.)
3.3.4.2 Evaluate
costs and benefits
of alternatives.
(R-12)
(op. cit.)
Identify variables
and location/data.
(2.0 PPY)
Calculate
$ costs.
(3.0 PPY)
$ and non
Evaluate literature
and histories.
(0.5 PPY)
Conduct surveys,
personal contacts
to evaluate alter-
native approaches
(1.0 PPY)
Complete calculations.
(2.0 PPY)
7.0
Develop alternate ap-
proaches.
(1.0 PPY)
Establish costs and
benefits analysis.
(1.0 PPY
2.5
Array alternatives
and summarize.
(1.0 PPY)
2.0
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: North, jjputh, Ilocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
3.3.5 Identify costs
of inequity in State
and local governmental
implementation plans.
3.3.5.1 Determine what
problems and associated
dollar costs nonuniformity
of NPSP controls (including
implementation and enforce-
ment) between States will
impose on firms, individ-
uals, -and government
bodies dealing with more
than one State.
(R-12)
(op. cit.)
3.3.5.2 Determine what
problems and associated
dollar costs will be in-
curred by States because
of nonuniformity between
States of NPSP controls.
(R-12)
(op. cit.)
Isolate possible non-
uniformities.
(0.5 PPY)
Determine how non-
uniformities may
cause legal problems.
(0.5 PPY)
Isolate appropriate
variables.
(0.5 PPY)
Determine how non-
uniformities may
effect State tax
revenues; jobs (by
socioeconomic groups),
and legal costs.
(0.5 PPY)
Determine how non-
uniformities may
cause planning and
management costs,
as well as confusion.
(0.5 PPY)
Estimate $
involved.
(0.5 PPY)
cost
2.0
Continue. Begin
cost analysis.
(0.5 PPY)
Estimate $ cost
and non $ costs
involved.
(0.5 PPY)
2.0
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions: PPY - Professional person year; R -. Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: North, South, ^ocky Mountain, pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity FY 1 FY 2 FY 3 FY 4FY 5 Total
PPY
3.4 Pilot test alternate
institutional control
scenarios for effective-
ness in controlling NPSP.
3.4.1 Identify locations,
pollutants, and proce-
dures for pilot tests.
Lead Array
2.5
3 4.1.1 Determine Identify activity Priority pollutants
highest priority loca- generated pollu- and activities for
tion/pollution/activity tants. pilot test.
profile for pilot (0.5 PPY) (2.0 PPY)
testing.
(R-12)
(op. cit.)
3.4.2 Conduct pilot
tests.
Lead Array
3.4.2.1 Perform test Locate business to
of regulatory con- Perform tests f
trois of NPSP. n8 y controls'
(R-12) U'
(op. cit.)
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: tJorth, South, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
3.4.2.2 Perform test of
non-regulatory controls
of NPSP.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
Supplementary Array
3.4.2.3 Identify willing-
ness to assume costs of
different magnitudes
when using a voluntary
program.
(R-8)
(op. cit.)
3.4.3 Evaluate the re-
sults of pilot testing.
Lead Array
3.4.3.1 Synthesize re-
sults from various pilot
tests.
(R-12)
(op. cit.)
3.4.3.2 Evaluate the feasi-
bility of adjusting NPSP in-
stitutional controls to more
acceptable methods based on
pilot studies.
(R-12)
(op. cit.)
Locate business to
perform test.
(1.0 PPY)
Perform tests.
(2.0 PPY)
3.0
Use voluntary program
to test levels of
cost applied to volun-
teers.
(2.0 PPY)
2.0
Synthesize results.
(2.0 PPY)
Review results and
suggest alternate
approaches.
(2.0 PPY)
2.0
2.0
-135-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: North, South, Rocky Mountain, P_acific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
Target 4
4. Improved tools for NPSP
management
4.1 Develop an NPSP tech-
nical information system
Lead Array
4.1.1 Identify require-
ments for an NPSP tech-
nical information system
(R-15)
(N/H, S/H, R/H, P/H)
4.1.2 Review technical
information systems
currently available to
assure that duplication
of current or planned
service would not occur
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
4.1.3 Implement devel-
opment of an NPSP tech-
nical information system
(R-15)
fop. cit.)
Determine nature of in-
formation, decide on
formats amounts etc.
(0.5 PPY)
Determine currently avail-
able systems and their
availability
(0.5 PPY)
0.5
0.5
Coding, data required,
program logic
(5.0 PPY)
Continue data input
(1.0 PPY)
Continue data input
(1.0 PPY)
Continue data input
(1.0 PPY)
Final data input
,(1.0 PPY)
9.0
-136-
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions: PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: North, South, Rocky Mountain, ^Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity FY 1 FY 2 FY 3 FY A . FY 5 Total
; PPY
4.1.4 Develop teaching Manual workshop
manuals and other train- guides
ing aids for the NPSP (0.1 PPY)
technical information
system
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
4.2 Develop NPSP data
management system
Lead Array
2 Q
4.2.1 Identify require- Define data, scope,
ments for an NPSP data formats; determine
management system size
(R-15) (2.0 PPY)
(op. cit.)
4.2.2 Review all the Identify all systems
existing data manage- and evaluate their
ment procedures avail- applicability
able in water resources (2.0 PPY)
including those devel-
oped under Target 1
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
-137-
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: North, S>outh, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, L_ow
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
4.2.3 Implement the devel-
opment of an NPSP data
management system
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
4.3 Identify optimal NPSP
monitoring systems
Lead Array
4.3.1 Review monitoring/
measuring techniques re-
searched in Target 1
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
4.3.2 Develop cost-
effectiveness of alter-
nate monitoring metho-
dologies
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
4,3.3 Select an optimal
set of monitoring pro-
cedures
(R-12)
(op. cit.)
Programming; design
input/output systems;
run on central computer.
(5.0 PPY)
System maintenance
(2.0 PPY)
System maintenance
(2.0 PPY)
Begin evaluation of
measurement informa-
tion for monitoring
strategies
(1.0 PPY)
Start developing alter-
natives monitoring
methodologies
(2.0 PPY)
Final evaluation
(1.0 PPY)
Cost of monitoring
alternatives; eval-
uate benefits
(1.0 PPY)
Final cost
benefit analysis
of alternatives
(2.0 PPY)
Evaluate cost-
benefits and,
practicality, ad-
ministration,
acceptability, and
other factors to
determine optimum
methods
(2.0 PPY)
9.0
2.0
5.0
2.0
-138-
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: tJorth, ^puth, Rocky Mountain, pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, L_ow
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
4.4 Develop information
and analytical tools for
selecting best management
practices and control
4.4.1 Identify need for
and provide procedures to
evaluate institutional
mechanisms and constraints
on NPSP and its management
Lead Array
4.4.1.1 Identify any
existing legal and
administrative con-
straints on NPSP
management
(R-15)
(op. clt.)
4.4.1.2 Identify the
land manager's need
for NPSP management
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
Determine Federal laws
and judicial interpre-
tation. Determine appro-
priate administrative
constraints (EPA, USFS,
USDI) of regulatory and
management agencies.
Identify State and local
laws and interpretation
(0.5 PPY)
Identify the NFS man-
agers functions rela-
tive to NPSP, Identify
other land managers
NPSP functions
(2.0 PPY)
—Continue on with yearly update-
2.5
Determine decision
fabric for manage-
ment—NPSP connec-
tions
(2.0 PPY)
Identify key NPSP-
management frame-
works
(1.0 PPY)
5.0
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: Itorth, South, jlocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
Optimizing Array
4.4.1.3 Provide proce-
dures to aid in key
decision processes.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
4.4.2 Develop opera-
tional systems for eval-
uating effect of forest
and range activities
on NPSP
Lead Array
4.4.2.1 Identify suitable
models from Target 1
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
4.4.2.2 Develop user-
oriented model
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
4.4.2.3 Synthesize model
output into guidelines,
monographs, etc.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
Develop guidelines and
identify information
sources for institutional
NPSP controls
(2.0 PPY)
2.0
Accumulate all candidate
models at one central
facility
(2.0 PPY)
Identify model struc-
ture, I/O data require-
ments
(2.0 PPY)
Determine output format,
and users
(1.0 PPY)
Determine model
accuracy and cor-
relate with user
need
(2.0 PPY)
Construct model from
existing components
(4.0 PPY)
Produce draft pro-
cedures
(2.0 PPY)
Test model sensi-
tivity and accuracy
(2.0 PPY)
Develop final guide-
lines and other dis-
play techniques to
present incremental
pollution levels
(2.0 PPY)
4.0
8.0
5.0
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: North, jjputh, Rocky Mountain, P_acific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
Optimizing Array
4.4.2.4 Provide user
guides, training material
and workshops to transfer
operational systems to
appropriate users.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
4.4.3 Develop techniques
for evaluating socio-
economic costs and benefits
of NPSP practices and
controls both field and
institutional.
Lead Array
4.4.3.1 Determine the
most suitable display
formats from Target 3.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
4.4.3.2 Identify cri-
teria for valueing (non $)
costs.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
4.4.3.3. Provide opera-
tional techniques for
evaluating costs and
benefits for NPSP con-
trols .
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
Develop user guides
and training material.
(3.0 PPY)
3.0
Evaluate methods to
display ($) and (non $)
costs.
(2.0 PPY)
Review methods and sug-
gest most appropriate
for each application.
(2.0 PPY)
-141-
Incorporate display
value concepts into
a set of recommended
procedures.
(3.0 PPY)
2.0
2.0
3.0
-------
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: North, jjputh, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; Very High, High, Medium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
Optimizing Array
4.4.3.4 Define optimum
institutional controls.
(R-10)
(op. cit.)
Evaluate institutional
mechanisms arrayed in
4.4.1.
(2.0 PPY)
Develop benefit
cost analysis of
alternate insti-
tutional control.
(1.0 PPY)
Identify the most
suitable institu-
tional controls.
(2.0 PPY)
5.0
4.4.4 Integrate NPSP
management tools into
other resource
management systems.
Lead Array
4.4.4.1 Identify re-
source management
systems currently
available.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
4.4.4.2 Adapt tools
developed in 4.4.2
and 4.4.3 to resource
management systems.
(R-15)
(op. cit.)
Determine manage-
ment systems on
a regional basis.
(4.0 PPY)
Identify developmental
systems and further
requirements under RPA
land use planning metho-
dologies and other
Forest Service legis-
lation.
(2.0 PPY)
Initiate study of
interactions between
management systems
and NPSP.
(4.0 PPY)
Identify private
and State manage-
ment systems and
requirements.
(2.0 PPY)
Begin development
of management
systems.
(8.0 PPY)
8.0
Complete develop-
ment and initiate
implementation.
(8.0 PPY)
20.0
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions:
PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: |Jorth, ^puth, jlocky Mountain, Pacific Coast; V_ety High, High, |fedium, Low
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
4.4.4.3 Develop general-
ized planning model for
predicting nonpoint source
loads (sediment, nutrients,
temperature, D.O.) and
generating compatible
land management prescrip-
tion. The prediction will
be developed as functions
of major forest management
activities (timber harvest,
road construction, site
preparation, etc.).
Resource management goals
(timber production, recrea-
tion, water yield, etc.
as well as costs) will
be superimposed to pro-
vide constraints for
optimization via linear
or dynamic programming
so that total management
planning can be accomplished
within environmental con-
straints.
Develop initial model
with input from major
regions of U.S.
(2.0 PPY)
Start regional test
of model.
(8.0 PPY)
Continue regional test-
ing and enhance model
to include pollutant
routing capabilities
and additional pollu-
tants and activities.
(9.0 PPY)
Continue regional
testing and enhance
model to facilitate
detailed selection
of activities and
their locations.
(9.0 PPY)
Publish final model.
(1.0 PPY)
29.0
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ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Abbreviation Definitions: PPY - Professional person year; R - Priority rating based on expected worth and probability of success (15 maximum)
Regional priority: ^orth, JSouth, Itocky Mountain, pacific Coast; Very High, Jligh, Medium, L_ow
Activity
FY 1
FY 2
FY 3
FY 4
FY 5
Total
PPY
4.4.4.4 Establish Within regional areas Establish NPSP con- Establish NPSP control Establish NPSP con- Publicize results 28.0
demonstration areas assess and plan need trol practices practices and evaluate trol practices and and utilize demon-
illustrating best for demonstration and evaluate results, results. evaluate results. stration area to
management practices management areas. (6.0 PPY) (6.0 PPY) (6.0 PPY) illustrate accept-
that are compatible (4.0 PPY) able management
with other forest practices.
resources and uses. (6.0 PPY)
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Table 1. Average annual professional person years (PPY's) for major targets and subtargets
Targets and Subtargets
1. Methods for assessing, predicting and
controlling NPSP.
1.1 Quantify NPSP processes
1.2 Prediction and field testing
1.3 New practices and controls
1 . 4 Measurement
2. Ecosystem effects
3. Socioeconomic effects
4. Improved tools for NPSP management
Total
Lead
70.5
58.1
25.8
9.2
27.5
24.6
30.7
246.4
Safe-
guard
-0-
5.3
0.8
-0-
-0-
-0-
-0-
6.1
Array
Optimizing
PPV* o___ _
1.0
-0-
-0-
0.8
1.0
0.8
1.0
4.6
Supple-
mentary
20.5
1.0
6.5
-0-
-0-
1.0
-0-
29.0
Total
92.0
64.4
33.1
10.0
28.5
26.4
31.7
286.1
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Table 2. Summary of R&D Needs and Regional Priorities I/ for
Functional Program Areas and Areas of Common Interest
R&D Needs
FY1 FY2 FY3 FY4 FY5 Total
PPY
Regional Priority 3/
Rocky Pacific
North South Mountain Coast
Program Area: Timber harvest and associated skid trails, landings, and
temporary roads.
44.0 47.5 44.5 39.0 40.5 215.5 Medium
Medium
Program Area: Range and wildlife.
10.0 18.0 15.5 14.0 8.0 65.5 Low
Low High
Low
Program Area: Recreation.
12.4 15.3 11.3 9.5 5.0 53.5 Medium Medium High Medium
Program Area: Common interest (Baseline)
49.0 53.0 43.0 38.0 31.0 214.0 Medium Medium High Medium
Program Area: Common interest (Mechanical site preparation, seeding,
planting, and vegetation conversion).
9.0 13.0 16.0 16.0 9.0 63.0 Low
Very
high
Medium High
Program Area: Common interest (Permanent engineered roads and trails).
14.5 27.0 20.0 18.5 13.5 93.5 Low High Low High
Program Area: Common interest (Fire).
9.6 8.5 7.5 6.0 6.5 38.1 Low
Medium Medium High
Program Area: Common interest (Fertilization).
4.5 9.5 8.5 3.0 6.0 31.5 Low
High Low
High
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-------
Table 2. Summary of R&D Needs and Regional Priorities ~L> for
Functional Program Areas and Areas of Common Interest 2/
R&D Needs
FY1 FY2 FY3 FY4 FY5 Total
___ PPV_— ——— -.__ —
_ —- J-£- ^ _» __ _•* _____>—
Regional Priority 3/
Rocky Pacific
North South Mountain Coast
Program Area: Common interest (Waste disposal).
14.8 15.3 14.4 9.5 11.5 65.5 High High Low Low
Program Area: Common interest (Pesticides).
9.5 10.0 10.0 5.5 4.5 39.5 Low Medium Medium Medium
Program Area: Common interest (Low head impoundments).
5.0 6.0 5.0 5.0 4.5 25.5 Medium Low Medium Low
Program Area:
Common interest (Stream improvement, channelization, and
drainage).
11.0 13.5 9.5 9.0 3.5 46.5 Low Medium High
Medium
Program Area: Common interest (New mechanical equipment).
2.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 2.0 22.0 Low
high
Low
Very
high
Program Area: Common interest (Measurement).
9.2 13.5 10.8 8.8 6.8 49.1 Medium Medium High Medium
Program Area: Common interest (Ecosystem effects)
19.6 31.0 36.0 30.5 23.5 140.6 High Medium High High
Program Area: Common interest (Socioeconomic effects)
26.5 32.5 25.0 14.5 11.5 110.0 High High High High
-147-
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Table 2. Summary of R&D Needs and Regional Priorities i for
Functional Program Areas and Areas of Common Interest —'
R&D Needs Regional Priority
Rocky Pacific
FY1 FY2 FY3 FY4 FY5 Total North South Mountain Coast
----------------- ppy --------------------
Program Area: Common interest (Tools for NPSP management).
16.5 23.6 44.5 42.5 31.5 158.6 High High High High
— Regional priorities were initially derived on the basis of expected trends
in land use activities and sensitivity to NPSP associated with each Program
Area. They were then adjusted on the basis of input from: (1) all Forest
Service Experiment Stations, Regions, and State and Private Forestry Areas;
(2) Forest Service staff groups in Washington; and (3) representatives of
universities and other agencies who participated in the initial planning
and development of background material.
21
—Functional program areas of timber, range and wildlife, and recreation are
identified, along with 14 common interest areas that are applicable to all
functional areas.
—Sections and Regions ,of the United States (See map page 149).
-148-
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^3/ Sections and Regions of the United States
Sections and Regions of the
United States
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. The Outlook
for Timber in the United States. Forest Resource Report No. 20,
October 1973.
-149-
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