WATER POLLUTION CONTROL RESEARCH SERIES • 16070 EOK 07/71
OCEANOGRAPHY OF THE NEARSHORE
COASTAL WATERS OF THE PACIFIC
NORTHWEST RELATING TO POSSIBLE
POLLUTION
VOLUME II
O o
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY • WATER QUALITY OFFICE
-------
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL RESEARCH SERIES
The Water Pollution Control Research Series describes
the results and progress .in the control and abatement
of pollution in our Nation's waters. They provide a
central source of information on the research , develop-
ment, and demonstration activities in the Water Quality
Office, Environmental Protection Agency, through inhouse
research and grants and contracts with Federal, State,
and local agencies, research institutions, and industrial
organizations.
Inquiries pertaining to Water Pollution Control Research
Reports should be directed to the Head, Project Reports
System, Office of Research and Development, Water Quality
Office, Environmental Protection Agency, Room 1108,
Washington, D. C. 20242.
-------
1607OEOK0771A
OCEANOGRAPHY OF THE NEARSHORE COASTAL WATERS OF THE PACIFIC
NORTHWEST RELATING' TO POSSIBLE POLLUTION
Volume II
by
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon 97331
for the
WATER QUALITY OFFICE
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Grant No. 16070 EOK
July, 1971
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $6
Stock Number 5501-0141
-------
EPA Review Notice
This report has been reviewed by the Water
Quality Office, EPA, and approved for publication.
Approval does not signify that the contents
necessarily reflect the views and policies of
the Environmental Protection Agency, nor does
mention of trade names or commercial products
constitute endorsement or recommendation for
use.
11
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPENDIX 1. WIND DATA
APPENDIX 2. TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY DATA
APPENDIX 3. WAVE DATA
APPENDIX 4. TRACE METALS
Aluminum
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Bismuth
Cadmium
Cesium
Chr omium
Cobalt
Copper
Gallium
Germanium
Gold
Hafnium
Indium
Iron
Lead
Lithium
Manganese
Mercury
Molybdium
Nickel
Niobium
Palladium
Platinum
Polonium
Rhenium
Rhodium
Rubidium
Ruthenium
Scandium
Selenium
Silver
111
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS continued
Page
Strontium 71
Tantalum 73
Thallium 73
Tin 74
Titanium '
Tungsten 77
Vanadium 77
Yttrium 79
Zinc 80
Zirconium 81
Trace Metal Toxicities 83
APPENDIX 5. PESTICIDE TOXICITIES 99
Aldrin 101
DDT 101
Dieldrin 103
Endrin 104
Heptachlor 104
Lindane 105
Methoxychlor 105
Sevin 106
1 -Naphthol 1 07
Toxaphene 108
Malathion 108
Methyl Parathion 109
Parathion 109
PhosdrinR 110
APPENDIX 6. OXYGEN, NUTRIENT, AND pH DATA 111
APPENDIX 7. RADIONUCLIDES 119
Antimony 121
Beryllium 121
Carbon 122
Cerium 123
Cesium 124
Chromium 126
Cobalt 129
Hydrogen 131
Iodine 132
Iron 133
Lead 135
Manganese 136
IV
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS continued
Niobium
Phosphorus
Plutonium
Polonium
Potassium
Radium
Ruthenium
Rubidium
Silver
Sodium
Strontium
Thorium
Uranium
Yttrium
Zinc
Zirconium and Niobium
APPENDIX 8. ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF PLANTS
AND ANIMALS
Division CHRYSOPHYTA
Division PYRROPHYTA
ALGAE - CHLOROPHYTA
ALGAE PHAEOPHYTA
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Division ANGIOSPERMAE
Phylum Protozoa
Phylum Porifera
Phylum Coelenterata (Cnidaria)
Phylum Ctenophora
Phylum Platyhelminth.es
Phylum Nemertea
Phylum Acanthocephala
Phylum Priapulida
Phylum Nematoda
Phylum Entoprocta
Phylum Ectoprocta
Phylum Phoronida
Phylum Brachiopoda
Phylum Sipunculoidea
Phylum Echiuroidea
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS continued
Page
Phylum Annelida 389
Phylum Arthropoda 440
Phylum Chaetognatha 518
Phylum Mollusca 520
Phylum Echinodermata 631
Phylum Chordata 641
VI
-------
APPENDIX 1. WIND DATA compiled by Robert H. Bourke
Appendix lisa listing of average wind conditions as observed
at three lightships off the Pacific Northwest Coast. Monthly
averages have been computed from observations taken every six
hours. For each month during the period of record the resultant
•wind direction and speed, average scalar speed, and number of
observations are listed. Average values for the entire period
of record are also presented for each month. The data analysis
was performed by the National Weather Records Center, Ashville,
North Carolina.
a) Blunts Reef Lightship off Cape Mendocino, California
Period of Record 1954-1966 (13 years)
b) Columbia River Lightship
Period of Record 1953-1966 (14 years)
c) Umatilla Reef Lightship off Cape Alava, Washington
Period of Record 1961 -1965 (5 years)
-------
Monthly Averege Wind Conditions Observed e.t Blunts Reef Lightship
Resultant
Direction
Yeer (Degrees)
Resultant
Speed
(Knots)
Scalar
Speed
(Knots)
Number
Observations
Janurry
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
Period of Record
133
027
147
346
147
146
145
140
001
013
200
151
3.36
131
3
1
18
2
12
7
12
9
11
B
2
6
5
6
16
25
20
20
25
22
IV
17
16
18
17
19
IS
124
124
124
124
123
123
124
124
124
124
124
124
123
1609
February
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
l')61
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
Period of Record
045
346
009
133
150
115
239
131
134
157
001
002
019
091
4
10
3
7
22
2
0
3
8
8
1'4
8
2
15
17
20
19
27
21
20
19
21
19
18
20
21
19
111
112
116
112
112
112
116
112
112
112
116
112
110
1465
M?rch
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
Period of Record
081
359
340
173
153
351
046
169
110
159
354
012
109
023
2
10
5
6
3
9
2
7
2
1
9
7
4
17
19
16
18
18
19
17
20
19
19
16
15
22
18
124
124
124
118
124
124
124
124
124
124
109
124
124
1591
April
1954
1S55
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
19.64
1965
1966
Periou ol' Hccorcl
Oil
031
344
332
347
343
033
357
360
156
360
029
359
357
8
2
11
8
7
15
3
11
14
5
19
5
12
8
3
20
14
17
20
20
19
17
20
18
17
20
20
19
18
96
112
120
119
120
116
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
1523
-------
Resultant
Direction
(Degrees)
Resultant
Speed
Scrlar
Speed
(Knots)
Number
Observ-tipns
Key
1954
1955
1957
1953
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
Period of Record
353
344
125
343
339
014
342
358
360
354
005
380
355
11
21
1
7
9
4
5
12
8
8
17
16
10
17
23
19
15
IS
1?
IS
IS
16
18
20
20
18
122
120
124
124
124
124
123
124
124
124
124
124
1481
June
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1364
1965
1966
002
346
349
347
329
Period of Record
353
002
351
356
341
353
j'jO
351
10
10
14
17
4
15
21
2
£
16
10
15
12
12
16
12
17
18
14
17
22
6
9
17
18
18
17
15
119
120
120
120
120
120
120
118
118
119
120
120
120
1554
July
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
.1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
Period of Record
360
358
345
003
327
358
344
003
3,58
358
355
358
360
356
16
14
21
15
10
16
17
4
16
12
16
16
16
14
19
14
23
18
14
20
19
4
17
16
17
20
17
16
124
124
4
124
124
124
124
124
123
124
124
124
124
1491
August
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
Period of Record
003
360
340
004
004
360
354
Oil
001
354
004
344
003
359
11
18
10
15
14
17
13
2
12
16
12
14
16
13
18
19
15
17
18
IS
14
4
16
17
17
18
19
16
121
123
72
124
124
124
123
122
123
124
120
124
124
1548
-------
Year
Resultant
Direction
(Degrees)
Resultant
Speed
(Knots)
Scalar
Speed
(Knots)
Number
Observations
S eptember
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1066
Period of Record
006
358
356
016
010
031
351
351
005
018
008
346
005
002
11
10
6
4
11
9
13
11
6
3
14
11
5
16
18
16
15
18
17
17
15
9
13
15
14
9
14
112
120
120
119
120
119
119
119
119
120
120
120
109
1536
October
1954
1955
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
Period of Record
060
360
081
012
355
010
004
014
127
038
018
004
015
2
7
5
5
11
6
7
2
2
4
4
9
15
14
19
16
16
15
15
5
15
10
9
13
13
124
123
124
124
124
123
124
118
123
116
123
124
1470
November
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
Period of Record
137
103
342
097
025
008
139
068
116
157
163
143
160
113
6
3
13
1
3
9
7
5
2
5
5
15
7
17
19
17
17
16
15
20
20
12
14
14
19
19
16
119
119
116
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
1554
December
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
Period of Record
136
146
331
155
134
005
145
015
110
148
187
124
150
134
11
15
6
8
5
5
4
8
4
2
8
5
5
4
5
19
23
13
17
18
18
17
18
18
10
20
20
19
17
108
124
124
124
124
124
123
124
124
124
123
124
124
1594
-------
Monthly fverrge wind Conditions Observed at Columbia River Lightship
Year
Resultant
Direction
(Degrees)
Resultant
Speed
(Knots)
Scalar
Speed
(Knots)
Number of
Observations
January
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
Period of Record
171
186
126
167
109
134
151
112
151
141
082
185
158
198
155
21
13
5
14
7
16
11
11
14
6
5
12
5
10.
9
28
24
18
22
.16
2v
21
16
20
12
II
18
14
17
18
124
112
124
124
124
124
123
124
123
122
120
124
123
124
1715
February
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
224
174
2-iJ
194
144
138
149
145
Period of Record
129
149
259
215
188
174
5
10
3
6
5
10
7
5
14
7
6
3
7
6
18
22
16
19
18
20
16
17
19
13
9
10
18
14
16
112
112
103
116
112
112
112
116
112
112
101
116
112
112
1560
Mprch
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
207
084
239
198
168
127
201
190
190
219
185
218
359
180
7
2
5
10
8
4
6
6
9
2
3
6
3
18
16
18
20
17
16
15
15
14
11
10
12
13
18
124
123
117
124
124
124
124
124
124
124
124
124
123
124
Period of Record
192
15
1727
-------
Year
Resultant
Direction
(Degrees)
Resultant
Speed
(Knots)
Sealer
Speed
(Knots)
Number of
Observations
April
1953
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
Period of Record
222
210
296
244
202
256
194
249
220
192
263
216
293
233
4
7
5
4
3
3
7
4
6
6
7
4
6
15
16
12
14
12
14
12
11
10
31
14
15
14
13
120
120
119
120
120
119
119
120
120
110
120
120
119
1546
M?y
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
Period of Record
243
300
2&7-
056
288
318
280
202
222
265
270
267
279
317
279
5
6
7
1
4
5
4
6
3
4
1
5
9
10
16
15
14
14
13
10
11
11
10
8
7
13
14
15
12
124
116
124
28
124
123
123
124
124
124
122
124
123
124
1627
June
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
280
236
288
253
304
286
250
323
302
333
296
273
303
255
4
4
5
5
6
4
3
9
5
6
5
3
6
4
12
13
13
13
10
10
11
11
12
10
7
10
9
11
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
Period of Record
291
10
1680
-------
Year
Resultant
Direction
(Degrees)
Resultent
Speed
(Knots)
Scalar
Speed
(Knots)
Number of
ObservEtions
July
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
Period of Record
328
313
283
314
308
318
314
334
326
342
289
285
316
311
317
8
8
4
8
6
6
8
9
4
6
4
2
6
7
15
15
14
12
:-i
8
12
II
8
7
10
7
7
11
10
124
124
124
12
124
124
124
124
124
123
115
124
123
124
1613
August
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
Period of Record
223
282
33 -1.,
296
254
324
315
277
321
2^3
315
274
293
323
305
3
3
11
6
1
4
5
4
4
1
5
5
.4
7
13
9
14
10
10
7
9
10
7
7
11
12
10
11
10
124
124
123
124
124
124
124
123
124
123
124
123
124
124
1732
September
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
346
185
301
360
129
217
204
350
322
180
229
283
323
320
2
4
2
2
1
1
4
6
5
1
2
3
5
1
12
12
12
13
12
12
14
14
8
9
9
12
10
10
116
84
112
87
120
116
119
119
118
120
119
118
120
120
Period of Record
298
11
1588
-------
Year
Resultant
Direction
(Degrees)
Resultent
Speed
(Knots)
Sealer
Speed
(Knots)
Number of
Observations
October
1953
1955
1956
1957
1958
195?
1960
1961
196::
196 2
196<1
1965
1966
Period of Record
134
172
168
167
123
103
170
209
157
163
105
156
199
159
3
7
6
H
4
3
6
2
5
9
5
7
3
13
18
16
16
16
14
13
13
11
17
13
14
12
14
118
124
80
80
124
120
124
124
124
124
122
124
124
1512
November
1953
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
Period of Record
161
155
047
118
171
129
169
140
181
186
147
124
165
157
5
8
5
5
7
4
7
6
12
11
4
9
7
10
23
16
17
19
19
15
17
18
21
18
20
15
17
120
120
72
120
120
119
120
120
120
120
116
120
120
1507
December
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
192
187
164
157
189
158
141
119
177
156
128
154
177
186
4
13
11
10
10
12
7
9
8
9
9
6
9
14
17
24
22
17
22
21
15
17
17
14
18
15
15
22
124
45
92
123
109
124
124
124
124
124
124
124
124
123
Period of Record
163
17
1608
-------
Monthly Average Wind Conditions Observed at Ume-c.ilIF Lightship
Yeer
January
Period of Record
February
Period of Record
Ms rch
Period of Record
April
Period of Record
Msy
Period of Record
June
1S63
1964
1S65
1962
1963
1964
1965
1962
1963
1964
1965
1962
1963
1964
1965
1962
1963
1964
1965
1962
1963
1964
1965
Resultant
Direction
(Degrees)
65
196
191
182
97
152
263
200
167
28
185
230
357
210
188
181
260
197
208
237
255
257
300
265
259
272
251
286
Resultant
Speed
(Knots)
5
15
B
7
7
11
6
6
4
1
7
8
1
3
8
5
7
3
5
5
3
6
6
5
6
6
5
4
Scalar
Speed
(Knotr.)
12
26
15
18
16
19
18
13
16
15
18
20
6
14
16
15
15
15
15
13
14
15
13
13
12
13
11
12
Kumber
Observe tions
1S6
185
186
557
168
168
172
167
675
154
185
186
168
693
176
181
180
176
713
186
186
187
186
745
180
180
179
180
Period of Record
266
12
719
10
-------
Year
Resultant
Direction
(Degrees)
Resultent
Speed
(Knots)
Scelrr
Speed
(Knots)
Number
Observetions
1961
1962
July 1963
1964
1965
Period of Record
212
260
236
189
291
23G
3
5
5
5
4
7
10
12
12
o
114
186
187
187
186
860
1961
1962
August 1963
1964
1965
Period of Record
207
188
236
190
295
206
1
6
3
2
1
C,
13
3
5
4
187
186
186
186
180
925
1961
1962
September 1963.
u.964
1965
Period of Record
199
170
160
169
256
179
2
3
2
3
1
7
12
7
7
6
8
180
180
179
181
180
900
1961
1962
October 1963
1964
1965
Period of Record
170
160
156
173
177
167
5
11
7
6
11
8
11
17
10
13
17
13
183
186
186
183
165
923
1961
1962
November IS63
1964
1965
Period of Record
163
178
163
158
144
161
8
11
9
6
12
17
15
13
15
20
16
180
180
180
179
179
898
1961
1962
December 1963
1964
1965
Period of Record
181
159
158
170
173
168
8
8
12
6
13
17
11
19
19
21
17
187
186
186
185
186
930
11
-------
APPENDIX 2. TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY DATA compiled
by Robert H. Bourke
Appendix 2 is a listing of average temperatures and salinities
for selected areas off the Pacific Northwest Coast. Temperature
and salinity data were obtained from the National Oceanographic
Data Center (NODC) and included observations through 1966.
These data were primarily gathered by the University of
Washington, Oregon State University, and Humboldt State College.
Monthly means of temperature and salinity, maximum and minimum
values, and number of observations •were computed for the
standard depths of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 50 meters for areas where
the data were clustered.
Humblodt Bay Area
Trinidad Head Area
Brookings Area
Coos Bay Area
Yaquina Head Area
Tillamook Bay Area
Seaside Area
Long Beach to Ocean Park
Pacific Beach Area
Columbia River Mouth Area
January-April
May-August
September-December
January-April
May-August
September-December
Page
15
16
17
18
19
20
13
-------
HL'MBOLDT BAY AREA
40*49' -40"il '
TRINIDAD HEAD AREA
41 °03'-41 -04'
BR COKINGS AREA
42° 00'
YAOUINA HEAD AREA
44'38'-44'4r
Depth
Min.
Max.
Mean
Obs
January
0
10
20
30
50
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.-
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
10.40
32.23
10.77
32.37
10.56
32.54
9.91
32.72
9.49
33. 15
11.53
33.06
11.41
33. 17
11.34
33. 30
11.08
33.44
10.82
33.55
11.04
32.76
11.07
32.86
10.95
32.98
10.73
33.09
10. 15
33.29
10
10
8
9
6
7
5
6
2
3
February
0
10
20
30
50
March
0
10
20
30
50
April
0
10
20
30
50
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
"I emp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
11.15
29.88
11.27
31.00
11.27
32. 18
11.21
32.63
11.07
32.79
9.50
27.25
9.50
28.64
9.50
32.68
8.99
32.77
11.07
32.83
8.31
32.81
7.68
33.86
7. 16
33.62
7. 31
33.91
7.51
34.03
11.26
30.57
11.70
31.78
11.52
32.47
11.50
32.65
11.07
32.79
11.20
32.72
11.02
32.86
11. 16
32.88
11. 15
33.28
11.07
32.83
10.22
34. 14
10. 11
34.04
10. 12
34.07
10. 10
34.49
7.51
34.03
11. 18
30. 16
11.42
31. 36
11. 39
32. 35
11.35
32.64
11.07
32.79
10.31
30.60
10.30
31.75
10.38
32.74
9.96
33. 09
11.07
32.83
9. 13
33.73
8.68
33.96
8.27
33.86
8.45
34. 17
7.51
34.03
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
1
1
5
5
5
5
3
3
3
3
1
1
6
6
4
4
4
4
1
3
1
1
Min. Max. Mean Obs
Min.
Max. Mean Ob 8
Min.
Max
Mean
Obs.
10.93
32. 12
10.93
32. 12
10.74
32.29
10.93
32. 12
10.93
32. 12
10.74
32.29
10.93
32.12
10.93
32. 12
10.74
32.29
10.49 10.-19 10.-19
32.47 32.47 32.47
10.86 10.86 10.86 1
10.70 10.70 10.7Q 1
10.44 10.44 10.44 1
9.84
32.83
9.84
32.83
9.84
32.83
9.20
32.36
9.72
32.70
9.50
33.08
9.24
33.34
9.18
33.58
9. 17
30.78
8.84
32.55
8.64
32.57
8.45
32.59
8.27
32.64
11. 19
30.93
10.61
31.33
10. 17
31.56
9.96
32.41
8.00
33.64
9.20
32.36
9.72
32.70
9.50
33.08
9.24
33.34
9.18
33.58
11.33
32.70
10.80
32.79
10.72
33. 15
10.70
33. 36
10.64-
33.57
11. 19
30.93
10. 6 I
31.33
10. 17
31.56
9.96
32.41
8.00
33.64
9.20
32. 36
9.72
32.70
9.50
33.08
9.24
33.34
9. 18
33.58
10. 10
31.94
9.84
32.64
9.77
32.73
9.69
32.80
9.63
32.98
11. 19
30.93
10.61
31.33
10.17
31.56
9.96
32.41
8.00
33.64
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
6
7
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9.00
31.58
8.70
31.64
8.80
32.06
8.64
32.52
9.54
32.54
8.62
30. 06
8.60
30.58
8.60
31.44
8.50
32.70
8.35
32.95
9.52
30.81
9.20
31.26
9. 13
32. 11
10. 12
32.56
9.99
32.70
9.26
29.65
8.89
31.29
8.78
31.56
8.85
31.88
8. 16
32.17
10.40
33.05
10.39
32.45
10.44
32.54
10.48
32.62
10.51
32.58
11.22
32.20
10.54
32.71
10.42
33.321
10. 35
32.94
10. 19
33.59
10.98
31.40
10.89
31.94
10.54
32.50
10. 12
32.56
9.99
32.70
11.64
32.35
10.70
32.35
10.54
32.92
10.22
32.47
9.60
33.58
9.68
32.16
9.68
32. 10
9.75
32.31
9.60
32.56
10.02
32.56
9.45
31.03
9.23
31.78
9.34
32.41
9.24
32.84
9.09
33.36
10.55
31. 13
10.40
31.55
10.07
32.29
10. 12
32.56
9.99
32.70
10.51
31.03
10. 07
31.75
9.68
32. 17
9.73
32.20
8.87
32.97
6
6
6
6
6
6
3
3
2
•5
7
7
7
7
7
7
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
I
1
1
1
7
7
7
7
7
7
3
3
3
3
-------
Depth
M^y
0
10
20
30
50
June
0
1C
20
30
50
July
&
10
20
30
50
August
C
"10
20
30
50
Temp.
Salinity
Temp,
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
S^limty
Temp.
Salinity
Tetnp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp,
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
H
Min.
11. 12
31.65
10.78
31.98
9.34
32.86
9.46
33.03
8.22
33.42
8.62
33. 17
8. 36
33.26
8.01
33.44
7.66
33.45
7.30
33.61
11.50
33.22
8.45
33.58
7.95
33.66
8.47
8.07
11.90
33.17
10.23
33.37
10.33
33.22
9.67
33.39
9.09
33.68
UMBOLD
40-40'
Max.
12.50
31.73
11.28
32. 10
10.47
32.88
9-46
33.39
8.22
33.42
15.20
34.27
13. 33
34.36
12.30
34.09
12.06
34. 13
9.67
34.04
14. 30
33.58
10.06
33.58
K.W
33.66
8.47
8.07
14.40
33.55
12.99
33.58
12.41
33.62
10.44
33.64
9. 11
33.69
T BAY AREA
-40° 51'
Mean Obs.
11. 7Z
31.67
11.07
32. 02
9.90
32.87
9.46
33.21
8.22
33.42
12.21
33.55
10.67
33.67
9.78
33.78
9.57
33.82
8.45
33.88
12.80
33. 38
9.25
33.58
8.31
33.66
8.47
8.07
13.24
33. 32
11.78
33.47
11.41
33.42
9.90
33.51
9. 10
33.68
3
3
3
3
2
2
1
2
1
1
13
12
in
9
7
7
6
7
3
3
3
3
2
1
2
1
1
1
7
7
6
6
4
4
4
4
2
2
TRINIDAD HEAD AREA
41 -03' -41 '04'
Min. Max. Mean Obs.
9.00
33.73
7.21
33.77
7.23
34. 16
7.24
34.02
7. 32
33.86
10.40
32.90
8.31
33. 30
9.50
33.35
fl. 16
33.51
8.66
33.55
12.53
10.47
33.04
9.26
8.76
8.57
10. 10
34.23
8.57
34.22
7.90
34.16
7.47
34.04
7.32
33.86
15. 10
33.69
12.18
33.55
10.26
33.58
9. 12,
33.64
8.66
33.73
12.73
11.00
33.04
9.29
8.99
9.26
9.46
33.92
7.89
34.04
7.56
34. 16
7.35
34.03
7.32
33.86
13.66
33.35
10.71
33.40
9.84
33.48
R.7S
33.59
8.66
33.66
12.63
10.73
33.04
9.27
8.87
8.91
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
1
1
10
10
8
9
5
6
4
5
2
3
2
2
1
2
2
2
BROOKINGS AREA .
42° 00'
Min. Max. Mean Obs.
10.90
29.40
9.32
32. 33
9.02
32.86
8.66
33. 10
8.48
33.68
6.50
34.06
6.49
34.07
6.47
34.07
6. -47
34.07
11.08
33.62
11.00
33.62
9.23
33.79
fi.26
33.88
11.48
33.85
10.32
33.88
9.04
33.93
8.54
33.94
12. 16
32.32
11. 35
33.31
10". 25
33.45
9.74
33.59
8.48
33.68
6.50
34.06
6.49
34.07
6.47
34.07
6.47
34.07
11.08
33.62
11.00
33.62
9.23
33.79
8.26
33.88
11.48
33.85
10.32
33.88
9.04
33.93
8.54
33.94
11.
31.
10.
32.
9.
33.
9.
33.
8.
33.
6.
34.
6.
34.
6.
34.
6.
34.
11.
33.
11.
33.
9.
33.
8.
'33.
11.
33.
10.
33.
9.
33.
8.
33.
66 5
57 5
34 5
78 5
65 4
13 4
14 4
37 4
48 1
68 1
50 1
06 1
49 1
07 1
47 1
07 1
47 1
07 1
08 1
62 1
00 1
62 1
23 1
79 1
26 1
88 1
48 1
85 1
32 1
88 1
04 1
93 1
54 1
94 1
COOS BAY AREA
43°20'-43°Z1'
Min. Mnx, Mean
11.71
32. 17
10.69
32.39
10.35
32.59
10.09
32.78
9.30
33.30
8.46
33.58
8.29
33% 62
7.98
33.72
7.59
33.80
7.21
33.94
9.47
32.89
8.93
33.21
8.59
33.37
B.06
33.48
7.89
33.66
10.90
33.31
9.48
33.48
10.70
33.48
9.61
33.65
8.54
33.83
11.71
32. 17
10.69
32.39
10.35
32.59
1.0.09
32.78
9.30
33.30
8.46
33.58
8.29
33.62
7.98
33.72
7.59
33.80
7.21
33.94
11.96
33.40
9.91
33.44
8.85
33.48
8.40
3-3.62
9.49
33.83
11.20
33.62
10.95
33.64
10.70
33.67
9.61
33.74
8.54
33.86
11.71
32. 17
10.69
32.39
10.35
32.59
10.09
32.78
9.30
33.30
8.46
33.58
8.29
33. 62
7.98
33.72
7.59
33.80
7.21
33.94
10.59
33.22
9.34
33.33
8.72
33.42
8.23
33.56
8.69
33.77
11.05
33.46
10.21
33.56
10.70
33.57
9.61
33.69
8.54
33.84
Oba.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
Z
2
2
2
1
Z
1
2
1
2
YAC
Mi".
9.53
31.26
8.64
31.87
7.71
32.14
9.09
32.47
7.87
33.51
8.98
27.97
7.71
31.17
7.24
31.92
7.13
32.46
6.83
33.74
7.90
30.14
7.39
32.27
7.10
32.37
7.00
33.59
6.55
33.92
10.35
32.02
8.52
32.06
•7.60
32.32
7.61
32.54
7.14
32.96
1UINA HEAD AR1
44°38'-44°41'
Mux. Mean
12.65
33.00
11.58
33.09
11.09
33.79
10.32
33.32
8.20
33.60
13.08
33.62
11.08
33.65
9.85
33.80
7.95
33.93
7.82
34.02
14.42
33.84
9.51
33.88
9.56
33.96
7.48
33.93
7.44
33.97
16.18
33.55
16.18
33.66
15.38
33.77
9.26
33.86
8.56
33.91
10.75
32.05
9. 04
32.46
9.20
32.92
9.50
32.89
8.03
33.55
11.47
32. 13
9.39
32.94
8.05
33.33
7.55
33.54
7.19
33.91
9.64
33.05
8.35
33.43
7.89
33.62
7.24
33.84
7.0Z
33.94
11.79
33.13
10.52
33.25
9.92
33.43
8.43
33.36
7.85
33.58
LA
Oba.
6
6
6
6
6
6
3
3
2
2
7
7
6
7
6
7
4
5
4
4
11
11
10
11
10
11
5
6
4
4
6
6
6
6
5
6
Z
3
2
3
-------
HUMBOLT BAY AREA
40° 49'-40° 51 '
TRINIDAD HEAD AREA
41° 03'-41° 04'
YAOUINA HEAD AREA
44°38'-44°41'
Deoth
Min.
Max.
Mean
Obs.
Min.
Max.
Min. Max. Mean Obs.
— ^— ^— — ^— ^_ — - ....... i.iu**. IVII^CLII \JUO, IVLIU. ivlax. IVlean ^DH. (Vim. JvlilJt. ivlctlll -^Jfjo, ...in. ..»..—. ..._ — .. v_u.
September
0
10
20
30
50
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
11.49
33.44
10.47
33. 56
9.73
33.71
9. 34
33.77
9-56
33.75
14.20
33.86
11.83
33.87
10.31
33.89
9.87
33.87
9.56
34.02
12.
33.
11.
33.
10.
33.
9.
33.
9.
33.
75
64
15
75
02
79
60
HZ
56
88
7
7
2
6
2
4
2
4
1
2
11.
33.
9-
33.
9.
33.
9.
33.
8.
33.
70
39
94
62
31
68
15
1,1,
74
81
14.40
33.75
11.76
33.80
10.95
33.89
9.16
33.87
8.74
33.91
13.
33.
11.
33.
10.
33.
9.
33.
8.
33.
32
56
09
70
08
76
15
77
74
86
8
8
4
7
3
5
2
4
1
2
12
33
1Z
33
12
33
10
33
66
33
56
80
06
91
77
77
12.66
33.53
12.56
33.80
12.06
33.91
10.77
33.77
12.66
33.53
12. 56
33.80
12.06
33.91
10.77
33.77
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
13.20
32.94
10.98
33.01
9. 19
33.02
8.64
33. Z4
8.68
33.65
13.28
33. 10
11.49
33.04
10.08
33.13
9.20
33.27
8.94
33.78
13.24
33.02
11.23
33.02
9.63
33.07
8.92
33.25
8.81
33.71
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
9.90
32.10
8.74
32. 14
8.04
32.57
7.55
33.44
7.23
33.86
15.07
33.19
14.25
33.44
12.30
33.68
8.45
33.82
7.33
33.89
12.96
32.70
11.46
32.85
9.27
33.15
7.92
33.63
7.28
33.87
5
5
5
5
5
5
3
3
2
2
October
0
10
20
30
50
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Sal i nity
11.32
33. ZZ
11. 19
33.06
10.57
33.40
10.28
33.40
9-90
33.41
11.79
13. 42
12.04
33. 39
11.08
33.44
10.70
33.48
9.90
33.41
11.
33.
1 1.
33.
10.
33.
10.
33.
9.
33
49
3Z
42
29
SO
41
44
44
90
41
6
i,
6
6
4
4
4
4
1
1
12.
33.
12.
33.
11.
33.
10.
33.
9.
33
42
30
44
35
66
43
87
52
97
63
12.42
33. 35
12.44
33.35
11.66
33.43
10.87
33.52
9-97
33.63
12.
33.
12.
33.
11.
42
30
44
35
66
33.43
10.
33.
9.
33
87
52
97
63
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
33
10
33
10
33
10
33
05
00
79
25
57
32
52
34
11.05
33. 00
10.79
33.25
10.57
33.32
10.52
33.34
11.05
33. 00
10.79
33.25
10.57
33.32
10.52
33.34
1
1
11.40
3Z.45
11.40
32.47
11.21
32.70
10. 39
32.98
9.28
33.50
15.06
33. 12
14.99
33. 12
14. 31
33. 17
13. 35
33.30
10.14
33.71
13.46
32. S3
13.44
32.84
13. 10
32.94
11.95
33. 12
9.71
33.60
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
10.45
32.0-1
9.08
32.05
8.57
32.24
10.44
32.46
8.58
33.26
14.34
33.0-1
14. 16
33. 14
13.88
33.50
12.71
33.33
9.57
33.53
12. 15
32. 53
11.67
32.58
11. 15
32.73
11.25
32.82
9.07
33. 39
10
10
10
10
10
10
.4
4
2
2
November
0
10
20
30
50
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Sali nity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
10.40
32.62
10. 19
32.68
9.56
32.99
9.20
33.23
9.46
33.41
11. 19
32.75
10.92
32.84
10.40
33. 19
9.89
33.40
9.46
33.41
10.79
32.68
10.55
32.76
9.98
33.09
9.54
33.31
9.46
33.41
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
10.52
30. 35
10.51
31.99
10.48
32.29
10.61
32.38
9.97
32.59
13.21
32.62
13. 19
32.69
13.20
32.79
13.20
32.71
13.15
32.90
11.94
32. 14
11.96
32.35
11.94
32.43
11.83
32 . 5 3
11.32
32.73
9
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
3
3
December
0
10
20
30
50
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
10. 39
23. 10
11.13
29-69
11.21
32.54
11.31
32.70
10.85
33.28
11.85
33. 17
11.75
33.21
11.76
33. 19
11.67
33. 17
11.31
33.30
11
30.
11.
32.
11.
33.
11.
33.
11.
33.
34
67
45
25
48
01
45
05
08
29
7
8
6
8
4
5
4
5
2
2
9
32
9
33
9
33
10
33
.71
.72
.85
.26
.94
.42
. 15
.51
9.71
32.72
9.85
33.26
9.94
33.42
10. 15
33.51
9.71
32.72
9.85
33.26
9.94
33.42
10. 15
33.51
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9.79
30.25
9.86
32.32
9.98
32.42
10.07
32.65
9.63
32.68
11. 14
32.45
11.75
32.62
11.59
32.70
11.58
32.86
11.54
33.38
10.44
31.67
10.92
32.45
10.91
32.57
10.98
32.74
10.58
33.03
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
8.90
29.44
9.39
27.71
9.48
31.72
9.48
32.44
9.50
32.53
11.60
32.54
11.59
32.52
11.60
32.52
11.73
32.72
11.73
32.94
10.41
31.66
10.50
31.46
10.76
32.24
10.68
32.53
10.72
32.70
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
5
4
4
-------
TILLAMOOK BAY AREA
45°30'-45°46'
SEASIDE AREA
-45°58'-46°05'
LONG BEACH TO OCEAN PARK
46°22'-46°36'
PACIFIC BEACH AREA
47'00'-47°19'
COLUMBIA RIVER MOUTH
AREA
CO
Depth
January
0 Temp.
Salinity
10 Ternp.
Salinity
20 Temp.
Salinity
30 Temp.
Salinity
50 Temp.
Salinity
Min.
10.26
32.00
10.29
32.03
10. 37
32. 16
Max.
10.26
32.00
10.29
32.03
10.37
32. 16
Mean
10.26
32.00
10.29
32.03
10.37
32. 16
Oba.
1
1
1
1
1
1
Min.
Max.
Mean
Obs.
Min.
7.
27.
7.
28.
7.
29.
10.
31.
31
57
55
63
67
79
17
18
Max.
9.62
28.27
9.92
30. 11
10.09
30.95
10. 17
31.18
Mean
8.
27.
8.
29-
8.
30.
10.
31.
17
92
36
32
62
50
17
18
Obs.
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
Min.
9.28
28.26
9.65
29.56
9.87
30.41
Max.
- 9.28
28.26
9.65
29.56
9.87
30.41
Mean
9.28
28.26
9.65
29.56
9.87
30. 41
Oba.
1
1
1
1
1
Min.
8.10
24.18
a. 82
29.52
8.87
30.83
8.97
31.26
9.13
32.08
Max.
9.50
30.68
10.04
31.68
10.26
32. 3o
10. 44
32.45
9.27
32.72
Mean
8.92
27.74
9.32
30.44
9.51
31.53
9.63
31.96
9.20
32.40
Obs
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
2
2
February
0
10
20
30
50
March
0
10
20
30
50
April
0
10
20
30
50
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Sal inily
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salini ty
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salini ty
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
8. 16
27.41
8.64
31.94
9. 11
32.39
9.26
32.54
8.77
33. 15
10.29
31.08
10.29
31. .08
10.28
31.08
10.22
31.47
9.42
25.84
8.66
29.91
8.36
31.71
8.05
32.40
8.13
33.02
8. 16
27.41
8.64
31.94
9-. 11
32. 39
9.26
32.54
8.77
33. 15
10.29
31.08
10.29
31.08
10.28
31.08
10.22
31.47
9.42
25.84
8.66
29.91
8. 36
31.71
8.05
32.40
8. 13
33.02
8. 16
27.41
8."64
31.94
9.11
32.39
9.26
32.54
8.77
33. 15
10.29
31.08
10.29
31.08
10.28
31.08
10.22
31.47
9.42
25.84
8.66
29.91
8.36
31.71
8.05
32.40
8.13
33.02
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7.
19.
8.
27.
8.
29.
8.
24.
8.
29.
8.
31.
7.
31.
8.
32.
9.
27.
8.
29.
8.
31.
8.
32.
7.
33.
41
16
27
17
47
90
91
76
13
35
16
23
93
78
23
23
15
06
87
79
11
21
03
17
98
61
8.50
28.82
8.52
29.85
8.82
31.69
10.30
30.89
10.20
31.50
10.20
32. 31
10.23
32.72
10.20
33.07
9.34
27.66
9.36
31.28
9.20
32.26
8.71
33. 02
7.98
33.61
8.
24.
8.
28.
8.
31.
9-
27.
8.
30.
8.
31.
B.
32.
9.
32.
9.
27.
9.
30.
8.
31.
8.
32.
7.
33.
01
76
42
92
67.
02
33
74
76
64
65
(,3
57
28
21
65
24
36
11
53
65
73
37
59
98
61
3
3
3
3
3
3
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
7.
21.
7.
28.
8.
30.
8.
31.
8.
20.
7.
26.
7.
31.
8.
32.
8.
17.
8.
24.
8.
31.
8.
32.
31
08
95
77
25
45
42
65
20
55
77
08
89'
58
05
18
37
85
30
99
13
27
04
24
8.37
28.72
8.55
30.89
9. 11
32.02
9.11
32. 12
9.79
30.42
10.00
31.70
10.06
32.74
9.63
33.02
11.05
31.36
11.09
31.50
8.67
31.62
8.59
32.83
8.
26.
8.
29-
8.
31.
8.
31.
8.
27.
8.
30.
8.
32.
8.
32.
9-
27.
9.
29-
8.
31.
8.
32.
00
29
27
52
68
42
87
87
84
37
74
66
69
16
60
55
17
39
04
82
37
50
27
58
6
6
6
6
6
6
3
3
8
8
8
8
6
6
3
3
6
6
6
6
4
4
3
3
7.85
25.20
8.08
30.97
8.68
32. 36
9.80
32.70
9.02
25.95
8.68
28.29
8.68
31.52
8.68
31.66
9.49
25.65
9.20
29.39
8.44
31.39
8.64
30. 14
9.07
31.18
9.92
32.51
9.80
32.70
9.68
28.76
9.82
31.55
9.94
32.13
9.94
32.47
9.49
25.65
9.20
29.39
8.44
31.39
8.24
27.67
8.57
31.07
9.30
32.43
9.80
32.70
9.25
27.23
9.42
30.07
9.35
31.80
9. 39
32.04
9.49
25.65
9.20
29.39
8.44
31. 39
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
,
1
!
1
1
1
6.47
8. 12
7.68
22.93
8.25
28.85
8.94
31.74
9.75
32.84
8. 17
14.75
7.99
28.35
7.82
30.11
7.95
31.41
8.31.
16.43
8. 16
27.53
8.13
29.99
7.94
31.00
9.81
31.98
10.03
29.41
10.67
31.21
10.49
32.08
10.38
32.64
9.75
32.84
11.90
30.74
10.66
32.09
10.34
33.05
10.34
33.32
11.47
29.30
10.68
31.87
10.16
33.00
9.96
33.45
9.81
31.98
7.61
20. 15
8. 36
28.28
8.79
30.95
9.35
32.29
9.75
32.84
8.94
24.29
8.86
30.77
8.82
32. 10
8.77
32.66
9.66
22.08
9.27
30.04
9.18
31.67
8.89
32.57
9.81
31.98
37
37
37
37
30
30
5
5
1
1
28
27
28
28
20
20
15
15
11
11
11
11
10
1C1
7
7
1
-------
TIM.AMOOK BAY AREA
45°30'-45°46'
LONG BEACH TO OCEAN PARK
46°2?'-46°36'
PACIFIC BEACH AREA.
47°00' -47-19'
COLUMBIA RIVER MOUTH
AREA
46°07'-46°22'
Depth
May
0
10
20
30
50
June
0
10
20
30
50
July
0
10
20
30
50
August
0
10
20
30
50
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Saliru ty
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Sali nity
Terrip .
Salinity
Temp.
Sal inity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
1 emp.
Salinity
Temp .
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
'I <-rnp.
Salinity
Temp.
Salinity
Min.
12.20
29.00
9-98
31.43
9.60
32.02
9.75
32. 16
8.70
32.44
8.98
25.48
8.93
31.63
7.69
32.62
7.53
33. 14
7.42
33. '-8
8.44
33. 16
8.69
33.48
8. 36
33.53
10.45
30.88
8.98
32.32
7.82
32.71
7.58
32,95
7.71
33.41
Max.
14. 13
30.90
11.75
31.97
10.88
32.27
10.77
32.31
8.81
33.25
14.22
33.03
11. 38
33.05
8.89
33. 31
a. 49
33.56
7.95
33.79
8.44
33. 16
8.69
33.48
8. 36
33.53
15.07
32.65
11.13
3Z.98
8.74
33.49
8.0«
33,66
7,71
33,41
Mean
13.24
30. 18
10.99
31.72
10. 12
32. LI
10.26
32.23
8.75
32.84
12.00
30.05
10.09
32.09
8. 18
32.91
8. 00
33. 38
7.68
33.73
8.44
33. 16
8.69
33.48
8.36
33.53
12.76
31.76
10.05
32.65 ,
8.28
33. 10
7.83
33.30
7.71
33.41
Obs.
4
3
4
3
4
3
2
2
2
2
6
6
(,
6
6
6
4
4
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
Min.
12.05
30.31
11.70
31.26
10.99
31.96
10.32
32.20
8.82
33.03
10.87
17.68
8. 12
31.42
7.41
32. 44
7.48
32.79
7.01
33.82
15.08
29.05
13.76
30. 16
9.70
32.91
8.50
33.22
14.13
26.85
10.00
32.07
8.04
32.94
7.62
33.26
7.45
33.71
Max.
12. 05
30. 31
11.70
31.26
10.99
31.96
10.32
32.20
8.82
33.03
13.84
31.75
11.61
32.51
9.11
33.42
8. 10
33.73
7.23
33.92
15.08
29.05
13.76
30. 16
9.70
32.91
8.50
33.22
15.26
29.87
11.23
32.53
8.19
33.08
7.77
33.41
7.59
33.87
Mean
12. 05
30.31
11.70
31.26
10.99
31.96
10.32
32.20
8.82
33.03
12.71
24.71
9.80
32. 11
7.91
32.95
7.66 '
33.43
7. 12
33.87
15.08
29.05
13.76
30. 16
9.70
32.91
8.50
33.22
14.55
28.80
10.63
32.35
8. 14
33.02
7.67
33. 33
7.53
33.78
Oba.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
11
1 1
11
11
11
11
11
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Min.
12. 35
29.48
10.23
30.66
9.36
31.52
8.98
32.35
11. 38
10.87
8.46
24.83
7.56
31.78
7.29
32.76
7.58
33.72
21.64
28.69
11.56
28.27
10. 34
32.27
8. 16
32.96
7.50
33. 16
7.46
33.83
Max.
13. 37
31. 11
11.93
31.82
10.57
32.21
9.84
32.90
16.26
32.01
13.61
33.01
10.77
33.66
8.46
33.77
7.58
33.72
21.64
28.69
14.69
32.45
12.62
32.66
9.82
33.00
8.66
33.49
7.46
33.83
Mean
12.97
30.24
11.11
31. 36
9.96
31.86
9.41
32.62
13. 49
21.86
11. 30
30.22
8.67
32.77
7.74
33.38
7. 58
33.72
21.64
28.69
13.58
30.70
11.44
32.47
8.99
32.98
8.08
33.32
7.46
33.83
Obfl.
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
15
15
15
15
13
13
7
7
1
1
1
1
4
4
4
4
2
2
2
2
1
1
Min.
13.
25.
8.
31.
7.
32.
7.
33.
10.
33.
9.
33.
7.
33.
10
59
78
19
96
76
67
29
30
43
98
39
99
56
Max.
14.42
30.60
12.44
32.62
8.42
33.28
7.93
33.61
10.30
33.43
9.98
33.39
7.99
33.56
Mean Obs.
13.99 4
27. 19 4
10.52 4
31.84 4
8.24 3
32.94 3
7.80 2
33.45 2
10.30 1
33.43 1
9.98 1
33.39 1
7.99 1
33.56 1
Min.
8.95
14.41
8.60
29.38
8.21
31.41
7.74
32.50
7.32
32.97
9.29
.62
7.57
2.92
7.33
28. 17
7.31
31.57
6.95
33.77
13.20
22.32
10.09
31. 18
7.64
33. 30
6.82
33.56
6.40
33.97
10. 39
12.02
7.65
23.31
7.5*
30.2)
7. i^>
32.88
7.19
33.77
Max.
14.28
27.38
12.66
32.02
10.76
33. 11
9.69
33.62
8.98
33.81
15.96
31.84
13.63
33.57
13.37
33.74
11.28
33.81
7.42
33.95
16. 16
28.48
11.88
32.83
8. 15
33.61
7.80
33.91
6.40
33.97
18. 19
31.55
15.72
33.67
13.37
33.84
9. 07
33.89
7.62
33.90
Mean
(2.01
21.65
10.49
31. 16
9.56
32. 19
8.72
32.82
8.31
33.36
13.62
16.57
10.44
30.84
8.25
32.84
7.69
33.46
7.23
33.86
14.68
25.40
10.98
32.00
7.89
33.45
7.31
33.73
0.40
33.07
14.40
25.21
11.64
31.41
8.81
33.03
7.64
33.59
7.46
33.84
Obs.
10
9
10
10
9
9
4
4
3
3
110
117
106
117
75
81
67
68
34
34
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
51
51
47
48
33
34
26
27
12
12
-------
TILLAMOOK WAY AREA
45-30'-45-46'
LONU B.EACH TO OCEAN PARK
4.6°22'-46°36'
PACll-'lC BEACH AREA
47°00'-47°19'
COLUMBIA RIVER MOUTH
AREA
46'07'-46'22'
Depth
September
0 Temp.
Salinity
10 Temp.
S.ilimly
20 Temp.
Salinity
30 Temp.
Salinity
50 Temp.
Salinity
October
0 Temp.
Salinity
10 Temp.
Salinity
20 Temp.
Salinity
30 Temp.
Salinity
50 Temp.
Salinity
November
0 Temp.
Salinity
10 Temp.
Salinity
20 Temp.
Salinity
30 Temp.
Salinity
50 Temp.
Salinity
December
0 Temp.
Salinity
10 T emp .
Salinity
20 Temp.
Salinity
30 Temp.
Salinity
50 Temp.
Salinity
Min.
12.20
31.09
11.70
12. 12
8.32
32.89
8.66
33.04
7.78
33.37
15.24
31.76
14.68
31.93
13.70
32.41
11.46
32.58
9.31
33. 14
11.40
31.02
11.41
31.02
11.73
31.47
12.51
32.20
Max.
15.57
32.39
14.30
12.66
12.31
33.04
11.23
33. 12
9.21
33.55
15.40
31.92
15.32
32. 16
13.89
32.44
12.93
32.93
9.88
33.30
12.02
32.05
12.04
32.05
12.04
32.05
12.51
32.20
Mean
14. 18
31.87
12.62
12.45
9.89
32.96
9.94
33.08
8,49
33.46
15.33
31.81
14.90
32.07
13.77
32.42
12.37
32.70
9.59
33.22
11.71
31.53
11.72
31.53
11.88
31.76
12.51
32.20
Obs.
4
4
4
4
4
4
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
Min.
12.83
26.28
9.11
3 1 . 36
7.84
32.37
7.71
32.69
7.52
33.40
15.69
30.73
12.03
31.46
9.52
31.91
8.54
32.76
8.35
33.06
10.41
32. 16
10.39
32.18
10.43
32.21
10.42
32.21
Max.
17.20
28.54
15.30
32.75
11.16
33.27
9.91
33.40
7.86
33.64
16.24
31.78
15.68
32.50
13.90
32.88
11.85
33.21
9.28
33.54
10.41
32. 16
10.39
32.18
10.43
32.21
10.42
32.21
Mean
14.85
27.35
12.47
12. 12
8.90
32.90
8.27
33. 18
7.73
33.55
15.88
31.37
13.81
32. 10
11.76
32.56
10.05
32.98
8.70
33.35
10.41
32.16
10.39
32.18
10.43
32.21
10.42
32.21
Obs.
7
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Min.
12.59
26.96
8.98
31. 18
7.87
32.49
7.72
33.21
11.80
27.08
14.83
31.40
10.53
31.56
9.75
31.96
8.46
31.95
10.02
29.48
10.00
29.70
10.11
31.11
10.73'
32.11
7.36
24.54
8.56
29.05
8.86
31.61
9.44
32.21
Max.
15.53
32.04
15.32
32.93
10.58
33.22
7.85
33.46
16.35
31.81
15.28
31.83
15.32
33. 00
15.24
33.12
15.18
33.41
10.88
32.21
10.91
32.21
11.66
32.22
12.08
32.27
10.33
27.66
10.87
30. 10
12.23
31.75
9.44
32.21
Mean
13.90
29.80
12.40
32. 12
8.93
32.85
7.77
33.35
14.90
29.37
15.09
31.58
12.94
32.34
12.49
32.54
11.82
32.68
10.59
30.64
10.59
30.89
10.82
31.62
11.50
32.17
8.84
26.10
9.71
29.57
10.54
31.68
9.44
32.21
Obs.
9
9
9
9
5
6
3
3
5
5
4
4
4
4
2
2
2
2
5
5
5
5
5
5
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
Min.
13.58
30.39
11.55
31.85
8.54
32.51
14.70
30.09
15.04
31.05
15.05
31.24
15.09
31.37
6.92
26.98
6.98
27.87
8.60
31.04
9.34
32.30
Max.
16.08
31.98
13.23
32. 35
10.88
33.30
14.70
30.09
15.04
31.05
15.05
31.24
15.09
31.37
6.92
26.98
6.98
27.87
8.60
31.04
9.34
32.30
Mean
15.00
30.97
12.54
32.06
9.68
32.97
14.70
30.09
15.04
31.05
15.05
31.24
15.09
31.37
6.92
26.98
6.98
27.87
8.60
31.04
9.34
32.30
Obs,
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Mir..
10.64
20.45
7.74
27. -15
7.53
31. 10
7. 53
32.76
7. 40
33.51
12.84
21.64
11.13
31.26
«.84
31.60
8.67
31.84
8.34
31.92
9.88
24. 14
9-99
29.66
10.32
30.62
9 . 82
32.21
7.73
32.37
6.86
21.70
7.80
28.05
9.32
31.29
9.55
32.20
9.56
32.47
Max.
17.24
32.03
15.62
33.27
14.89
33.57
8.8t>
33.83
8. 00
33.84
16.08
32.40
15.55
32.87
15.43
33. 12
15.31
33.31
14.83
33.52
10.52
32.31
10.87
32.32
11.07
32.45
11. 18
32.92
10.63
33.77
10.97
29.28
12.28
31.54
12.47
32.52
12.29
32.68
12.41
32.90
Mean
13.84
27.80
11.48
31.74
8.43
33.07
7.74
33.46
7.67
33.65
14.24
28.08
13.78
31.95
13.20
32.17
12.46
32.45
11.21
32.75
10.25
29.20
10.43
31.65
10.52
32.08
10.51
32.46
9.64
32.88
9.84
25.85
10.76
29.58
11.46
31.91
11.49
32.47
11.25
32.65
Obs.
155
156
155
1M-
146
147
102
102
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
7
7
9
9
8
a
7
7
7
7
3
3
5
6
5
6
5
6
5
5
4
4
-------
APPENDIX 3. WAVE DATA compiled by Robert H. Bourke
Wave statistics as compiled by Neal, e_t a_l. (1160) from observations
off Newport, Oregon are presented in Appendix 3. Weekly observations
of breaker height and period during 19&8-19&9 were made from
the beach using the height of eye technique. The deep water
wave height, H , was inferred from the breaker height using
solitary wave theory. The non-refracted wave direction was
determined from aerial observations while over "deep" water.
21
-------
WAVE STATISTICS FOR NEWPORT, OREGON
Date
9-17-48
9-18
9-27
10-3
10-4
10-10
10-23
10-28
10-31
11-5
11-7
11-12
11-14
11-19
11-26
11-29
12-S
12-12
12-17
12-24
12-26
1-2-49
1-9
1-14
1-16
1-21
1-23
Wave
Direction
(from)
235*
280
300
2° 5
290
280
2SO
250
265
260
230
170
285
270
285
270
297
270
290
255
270
270
280
280
290
270
290
T
r
13.0
11.0
10. 0
9.2
9.1
9.6
9.5
10.3
10.7
12.0
11. 2
13.3
12.4
12.5
12.8
13.6
13 0
11.9
9.0
14. 7
9.2
8.7
11.8
12.7
9. 1
9. 2
11.3
H
b
11.3
6.6
10.0
5.6
9. 1
11.3
9.3
9.6
8.7
11.3
11.0
10.0
9.3
3.0
8.0
13.0
15.3
13.0
9.3
15.0
10.4
13.3
16.0
11.7
9.0
8.6
9.3
H
o
7.8
4. 1
8.5
3.9
8. 1
10.6
8. 0
7. 8
6.4
8.5
8.8
6.4
6.2
4.9
4.8
9.3
12.4
10.6
8.5
10.6
9.8
14.6
8.5
8.0
7.4
6.5
Date
2-4
2-6
2-11
2-13
2-18
2-20
2-25
2-27
3-4
3-6
3-11
3-13
3-18
4-1
4-3
4-7
4-8
4-10
4-22
4-24
4-29
5-1
5-5
5-8
5-13
5-16
5-21
5-27
Wavo
Direction
(from)
280/230
260/210
Z40
290
280
232
290
245
280
295
290
280
265
270
280
295
287
280
255
290
305
285
292
290
315
315
285
260
T
10. 3
17.8
14. 2
13.7
15.5
11.8
10.7
10.7
13. 5
14.4
9.8
13. 5
11.4
11.3
10.9
14.7
10. 6
11.4
10.6
9.4
14.5
12. 1
11.6
12.9
9.6
12.0
8.6
Hb
7.8
10.7
10.0
13. 3
14.7
16. 1
10.7-
14.6
11. 1
16.0
3.0
9.3
11.3
12.3
14.0
8.6
10.5
12.0
9.3
8.7
9-3
14.7
8.7
6.0
9.3
9.3
5.3
14.6
H
o
5.7
4.8
9. 2
11. 1
11. 2
8.0
9.3
12.8
4. 2
7. 8
7.6
10. 2
12.5
6. 2
6.2
10.5
6.7
6.5
8. 1
10.4
5.7
3.4
5.9
7.9
2.7
Lite
6-3
6-5
6-10
6-13
6-14
6-18
6-19
6-25
6-30
7-1
7-7
7-8
7-14
7-16
7-18
7-21
7-7.8
7-29
8-1
8-11
8-13
3-1';
Wave
Direction
(from)
270
315
275
320
270
280
320
280
335
340
320
310
300
315
• 320
330
315
330
335
320
320
325
T
7.6
9.8
11.6
9.3
11. 7
7. 1
7.8
11.6
7.0
6.4
5. &
5. 7
11.3
7.8
8. 1
5. 2
11.4
6.6
7. 2
9.0
6.3
6. 1
"b
5.3
6.7
9.3
5.3
4.0
7.0
4.0
8.7
8.7
7.3
9.0
5.4
4.7
7.2
4.3
9.3
5. 3
4.4
4.4
4.4
8.7
3.7
H
o
4.3
4.6
6.6
3.5
1.8
2. 8
5.9
- __.
....
2.4
6. 8
3.0
2.9
3.8
3.4
2. 8
7.4
....
(from Neal, et al. 1160)
-------
APPENDIX 4. TRACE METALS
by Stephen W. Hager
Data on Trace Metal Distributions and Behavior in the Nearshore
Marine Environment
Information on the physico-chemical form, observed distributions in
sea water; biological involvement, relevant geological processes,
industrial uses, and analytical difficulties associated with 54 trace
metals was collected. Sources of information were the published
literature, unpublished university theses, and Chemical Abstracts.
Some good compilations of sea water concentrations of trace metals
already existed (6168), but original sources were consulted where
possible in an attempt to uncover specific information about near-
shore values and behavior.
The following considerations were followed:
Physico-chemical form: An attempt was made to disregard early
speculation in favor of later information (but not later speculation).
Observed distributions: If four or more references were available
from the Pacific Ocean, only these are presented and others are
simply referenced. All distributions are presented for those ele-
ments with less than four Pacific Ocean studies.
Biological considerations: Quantitative information, when available,
•was included.
Geochemical considerations: Any information encountered which
was related to river influxes, sedimentation, and general geochemical
processes is included.
Industrial sources: General information on the primary industrial
uses, -whether relevant to this area or not, is presented.
Analytical considerations: This section contains primarily information
relating to sample collection and storage. Concentration, separation,
and instrumental difficulties were not considered.
The information is presented by element, and the elements are
presented in alphabetical order.
25
-------
Aluminum
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Bismuth
Cadmium
Cesium
Chromium
Cobalt
C oppe r
Gallium
Germanium
Gold
Hafnium
Indium
Iron
Lead
Lithium
Manganese
Mercury
Molybdium
Nickel
27
29
30
32
33
34
35
36
38
39
41
44
45
46
47
48
49
51
53
54
56
58
59
Niobium
Palladium
Platinum
Polonium
Rhenium
Rhodium
Rubidium
Ruthenium
Scandium
Selenium
Silver
Strontium
Tantalum
Thallium
Tin
Titanium
Tungsten
Vanadium
Yttrium
Zinc
Zirconium
61
62
62
63
63
64
65
66
67
67
69
71
73
73
74
76
77
77
79
80
81
Trace Metal Toxicities 83
26
-------
ALUMINUM
Physico-chemical form:
Various hydrolysates of Al (III) (6179) are strongly adsorbed on
particulate matter. Physical form is often arbitrarily designated:
dissolved (<0.45[j. and reactive), fine disperse (< 0.45fj. released by
oxidation) and coarse particulate (> 0.45p.) (6139). Aluminate ions
probably present at the pH of seawater (6075). Some Al may also
be present in organic complexes (6064).
Observed distributions;
Puget Sound and the Pacific: Sackett and Arrhenius measured dis-
solved ( <0.45fi) aluminum: 2*1 fig /I for 11 surface samples taken
off the Scripps pier over a six-month period, 1 =*= 1 fig/I for nine
samples taken between 3 , 500 and 4, 1 00 m in the Pacific, 1 ± 1 fj.g/1
for 97 samples taken between 0 and 600 meters in the Pacific, and
5 to 7 ± 2 fj.g/1 for 4 Puget Sound samples with salinities of 32%o (6139).
San Juan Channel and off the Washington and British Columbia coasts:
Haendler and Thompson showed a seasonal variation in dissolved
aluminum with a May maximum of 430 fxg/1 and an October to
December minimum of 220 fj.g/1. Values increased with depth to
about 1,000 mat two offshore locations (6064). These values were
thought to be high due to the filtering procedure employed (6181).
Northeast Pacific: Joyner found from 0. 5 to 41 fag particulate Al/1,
with the higher values near the coast and particularly in runoff waters
(6094).
Other studies giving a range of values from 0-1200 fJ.g/1 dissolved
aluminum are 6191, 6082, 6190, 6068, 6096, 6202, and 6146.
Biological considerations:
Organisms concentrate Al slightly relative to seawater (6075).
Marine plants have 60 ppm while plankton and calcareous red algae
have even higher Al contents. Marine animals have 10-50 ppm Al,
with higher values in siliceous sponges (6019). However, some
organisms may get their Al from bottom muds, not seawater (6043).
27
-------
ALUMINUM continued
Haendler and Thompson (6064) claimed "indication of maximum
aluminum at 900 to 1 ,000 meters" in the Pacific.
Geochemical considerations:
Definite effects on Al concentration from land drainage (6139).
Haendler and Thompson (6064) showed a correlation between high
Al values and high river flow into Puget Sound. Kopp and Kroner
(6251) found an average of 1 5 [J.g/1 dissolved (< 0. 45|ji) aluminum in
the Columbia at Clatskanie, Oregon. Durum and Haffty found 160 |ag/l
in filtered samples (6208).
Industrial sources:
Aluminum wastes are produced by the following industries: dyeing
and cloth printing, manufacturing parchment and other papers, oil
refining, disinfection, manufacture of incandescent filaments, tan-
ning and finishing of leather, canning, and explosives manufacturing
(6000).
Analytical considerations:
Samples should be filtered soon after collection. Can be stored,
frozen, in polyethylene for some time (6139). Al may be leached
from glassware, hence, polyethylene containers are recommended
(6139). Al also leached from fine disperse fraction, up to 9 (j.g/1
depending on oxidizing conditions of analysis (6139).
Conclusions:
The following table, constructed from the data of Sackett and
Arrhenius (6139) gives an estimate of expected aluminum distri-
butions:
Dissolved Dissolved and total <0. 45 |i Particulate
f^g/1 M-g/1 M-g/l
Open
ocean 1 ± 1 < 10 1-120
Coastal +10 ? +10,000
Marine organisms probably utilize all forms of Al, but the forms which
may be toxic are not known.
28
-------
ANTIMONY
Physico-chemical form;
ion has some definite cationic chemistry. Tendency to hydro-
lyze may produce SbO ion (6179). Mainly ionic (6061), but this may
not be an equilibrium observation.
Observed distributions:
All Oceans: Schutz and Turekian found values from 0. 21 to 0. 51
fig/1 with an average of 0.33 (o.g/1 (6141).
Irish Sea: Portmann and Riley found values from 0. 13 to 0. 40 fo.g/1
with an average of 0. 24 (a.g/1 (6129).
Gullmarsfjord: Noddack and Noddack found less than 0. 5 (J.g/1
(6121).
Biological considerations:
Sb is concentrated by "certain forms of marine life" up to 300
times the value in the seawater (6000). Marine animals have 0. 2 ppm
Sb (6019).
Geochemical considerations;
Sb was less than 5 (ig/1 in the Columbia River over a four-year
period (6103); ". . . . any dissolved antimony that might be discarded
to natural waters would soon precipitate and be removed by sedi-
mentation and/or adsorption" (6000).
Industrial sources;
Antimony and its salts are used in metallurgy, rubber, textile,
fireworks, paint, ceramic and glass industries (6000). Also used
in the leather and dyeing industries (6000).
Analytical considerations:
Immediate filtration advisable. Samples stored in pyrex for up to
two years showed no irregularities (6141).
29
-------
ANTIMONY continued
Conclusions:
Concentration of antimony can be expected to be less than 0. 5 fig/I
regardless of location.
ARSENIC
Physico-chemical form:
Occurs as arsenite (As II), arsenate (As III), dissolved organic
arsenic, and As in suspended material (organic and inorganic) (6060).
There is disagreement as to the distribution of As between these forms.
Gorgy e_t_aL show 50-60% arsenite , 8 -1 6% arsenate , ~ 25% dissolved
organic, ~10% particulate (6060). Ishibashi £t a_l. found primarily
arsenite (6212). Work of Armstrong and Harvey, and thermo-
dynamic data indicate that arsenate should be the main species
(6128). Goldberg states that although arsenite is thermodynam-
ically unstable, a reaction site is needed for the equilibrium to be
reached (6059).
Observed distributions:
San Juan Islands: Up to 30 (o.g/1 observed by Barnes, Thompson, and
Robinson (unpublished data, 6164).
Pacific Ocean: Gorgy_e_t a_l. show total arsenic values from 1 5 to
37 fig As/1 (6060) with an average of 28 (ig As/1 (my calculation).
No consistent variations with depth (6060) (my calculation).
Japan--coastal Pacific: Ishibashi and coworkers found 2. 5 to 6. 6
M-g/1, 3-6 (J.g/1, and 2. 5 to 6. 6 |J.g/l respectively for coastal waters
(6077, 6088, 6212).
Coastal Atlantic: Young e_t al. found values between 1. 1 and 1. 5 (j,g
As/1 in the nearshore environment and 0.75 [jig As/1 for a seawater
lake (6177), somewhat lower than the oceanic values of Smales and
Pate (2. 6 ng As/1) (6149) and Portmann and Riley (2. 0 (j.g As/1) (6128).
Atlantic: Rake straw and Lutz found a mean of 15 |j.g/l with no
increase with depth (6133).
30
-------
ARSENIC continued
Northwest Pacific, Indian, and Antarctic Oceans: Sugawara et al.
found from 0. 5 to 3. 8 |j.g/l (6157).
Black Sea: Lyubimova found from 2. 0 to 10 |J.g/l from 0 to 2, 000 m.
Values did not increase with depth (6198).
Gullmarsfjord: Noddack and Noddack found 3 fig/1 (6121).
Biological considerations:
Organisms concentrate As up to 1000 times (6060). Up to 30,000
|j.g As/I is found in marine plants, with highest values occurring
in brown algae. 5 to 300 |j.g As/I has been found in marine animals.
As is accumulated by coelenterates , some molluscs, and crusta-
ceans (6004); see also Junkins (6227).
Geochemical considerations:
Kopp and Kroner found 30 and 49 (J.g/1 in two samples from the
Columbia River at Clatskanie (6251), but Silker found around 1 (J.g/1
further upstream (6045).
Industrial sources:
Many weed killers, sheep-dip liquors and tannery effluents have
high As contents (6098). Poisoning in the Thames River was attrib-
uted to arsenic since dead organisms were abnormally high in As
(6149). Chapman found high As values in the Thames estuary in
1926 (6164).
As used in metallurgy, glassware and ceramics, tanneries, dye
manufacturing, and in chemical industries. Major use in pesticides
(insects, weeds, fungi), and as a wood preservative (6000).
Analytical considerations;
Immediate filtration is recommended on the basis of the distribution
of arsenic among several forms (6060). Arsenic adsorbs on con-
tainers with polyethylene, pyrex, and soda glass adsorbing 6%, 6%,
and 16% respectively at steady state (6128).
31
-------
ARSENIC continued
Conclusions:
Values between 1. 0 and 3. 0 |o,g/l could be reasonably expected,
although higher values may be possible.
BARIUM
Physico-chemical form:
Primarily ionic, but possibly some organically bound. BaSO4
complexes (6059).
»
Observed distributions:
Equatorial Pacific: Chow and Goldberg found surface concentrations
of about 12 H.g/1. Values increased with depth to a maximum at 4392 m
of 63 fig/1. Values were somewhat lower in the South Pacific (6033).
Off Bermuda: Chow and Patterson found an almost homogeneous
profile in the open ocean with 16 (j.g/1 at the surface. They found
16 |j.g/l in surface waters of a lagoon (6035).
All Oceans: Bolter e_t a_l. found surface concentrations consistently
around 13 |j,g/l (6016).
Biological considerations:
Turekian and Tausch in the Atlantic and Goldberg and Arrhenius
in the Pacific have shown that barium content of sediments correlates
well with surface productivity of overlying waters (601 6).
Geochemical considerations;
4-60 fJ.g/1 Ba in the Columbia River over a 4-year period, (6103).
Durum and Haffty found 42 |J.g/l (6208). Bermuda lagoon values were
lower than adjacent oceans (6035). Clay minerals adsorb Ba from
seawater (6180).
Industrial sources:
BaSO4, BaCO3, and other Ba or associated minerals are mined (6098).
Ba salts are used in the metallurgical, paint, marine cement, ceramic,
32
-------
BARIUM continued
glass, dyeing and tanning industries (6000). Ba used as a depilatory,
and in the vacuum tube, pyrotechnics, and rubber industries (6000).
Analytical considerations;
Due to the solubility of the most common particulate form of Ba
(BaSO4) (6059), immediate filtration is advisable. Filtered samples
can probably be stored indefinitely.
Conclusions:
Barium values are expected to fluctuate around 13 |j.g/l in coastal
waters.
BERYLLIUM
Physico-chemical form:
32% associated with particulate matter, 68% soluble (< 0.45 jj.)
(6112). Does not form complexes with SO4=(6059).
Observed distributions;
-4
All Oceans: Merrill ej: al. found 3. 9 x 1 0 M-gA soluble, and 1. 8
x 10~4 |xg/l particulate Be for deep waters. Scripps pier samples
contained 0. 7, 2. 3, and 2. 2 x 10~4 ng/1 soluble, and 1.5. 0. 8,
and 0. 5 x 10"4 (j.g/1 particulate, or 2. 2, 3.1, and 2. 7 x 10^ fj.g/1
total Be (6112).
Offshore Japan: Ishibashi et_ aj.. found 0. 38 fxg/1 in the inland sea
and 0. 03 (j.g/1 in the Pacific Ocean (6210).
Biological considerations;
Geochemical considerations:
Beryllium was less than 0. 03 |ag/l over a four-year period in the
Columbia River (6103). Rivers in northern California had 0. 012 (o.g/1
dissolved Be and 0. 042 |j.g/l total Be (6112). Samples from Scripps
pier were similar to the open ocean (6112).
33
-------
BERYLLIUM continued
Industrial sources:
May be an indicator of industrial pollution (6112). Be is used in
metallurgy, manufacture of x-ray tubes and neon signs. Be is also
used in nuclear reactors (6000).
Analytical considerations:
Immediate filtration is suggested as 7-30% of Beryllium in samples
stored in polyethylene became adsorbed on the container walls (6112)
disturbing the equilibrium between soluble and particulate fractions.
Conclusions:
Nearshore surface waters are expected to contain 0. 0003 |ag Be /I.
River diluted waters might be somewhat higher.
BISMUTH
Physico-chemical form;
Ionic, complexed by chloride (6020). Bid, (6179). BiO+ pre-
dominates over BiCLj. with Bi "^ playing only a minor role (6102).
Observed distributions:
Atlantic Ocean: Portmann and Riley found 0. 033 )j,g/l for North
Atlantic surface waters, and 0. 015 fj.g/1 for 2000 m in the same
location. Two English Channel surface samples gave 0. 024 and
0. 026 fj.g/1 and two Irish Sea samples gave 0. 042 and 0. 035 (Jig/1 (6130).
Unspecified: Brooks found 0. 017 |J.g/l using ion exchange concentration
(6020).
Gullmarsfjord: Noddack and Noddack found 0. 2 (j.g/1 (2131).
Biological considerations:
Marine animals contain from 0. 04 to 0. 3 ppm (6019).
34
-------
BISMUTH continued
Geochemical considerations:
Among the elements studied by Krauskopf Bi was one of least effect-
ively removed from seawater, as indicated by its relatively long
residence time (6102). Bi concentration was less than 5 |ag/l in
the Columbia River over a four-year period (6103). Local pre-
cipitation of sulfides is a possible factor in determining Bi con-
centration in the marine environment (6102).
Industrial sources:
Analytical considerations:
Storage of filtered samples in high density polyethylene, soda glass,
and pyrex glass caused losses of 50%, 75%, and 61% of bismuth. If
filtered and acidified to 0. 1 N with HC1, no losses occurred (6130).
Conclusions:
Surface concentrations should generally be less than 0. 05 fig/1.
CADMIUM
Physico-chemical form;
Ionic, divalent cadmium, Cd , and sulfate complexes, CdSO^
(6059). Complexed by chloride (6020). CdCl+ and CdCl2 are
probably predominant species (6102). CdCl is the main species
(6099).
Observed distributions:
English Channel--Irish Sea: Mullin and Riley found a July mean of
0. 096 (Jtg/1 and a February mean of 0. 180 |J.g/l. In the Irish Sea,
the November-December mean was 0. 101 fJ.g/1 and the April-May
mean was 0. 057 (ig/1 (6118).
Caribbean: Lowman_e_t al. found 0. 1 1 (j.g/1 for the open sea (6110).
Japan Coastal: Ishibashi et_ al. found 0. 08 to 0. 17 (j.g/1 (6091).
Gullmarsfjord: Noddack and Noddack found less than 0. 5 fig/l.
35
-------
CADMIUM continued
Biological considerations;
Marine plants contain up to 400 |a.g/l, and marine animals from
150-3000 )ig/l (6004). The biosphere may be a major removal
pathway for Cadmium (6021 ).
Geochemical considerations;
Less than 0. 2 (j.g/1 in the Columbia River (6251). Three Caribbean
rivers had about four times the dissolved cadmium of surrounding
seawater. River particulate matter contained about 0.8 |J.g/l
cadmium, two times the dissolved river concentrations (6110).
Industrial sources:
Cd is used in metallurgy, electroplating, ceramics, pigmentation,
photographic, and nuclear reactors. Cd is also used in insecticides,
and antohelminthics. Textile printing plants, lead mines, and
chemical industries produce Cd wastes (6000).
Analytical considerations:
If filtered upon collection, storage in polyethylene is safe for at least
five weeks. Soft glass apparently does raise cadmium values (6118).
Conclusions:
Cadmium values are consistently around 0. 06 to 0. 18 ng/1.
CESIUM
Physico-chemical form:
Primarily Cs+ in solution (6059).
Observed distributions;
Scripps pier: Folsom_et_al._ found 0. 335 ± 0. 01 2 (j.g/1 from Scripps
pier and 0. 35 ± 0. 024 |j,g/l for all surface samples. The mean of
six samples from 500 to 1500 was 0.40 ± 0. 037 jj.g/1 and the mean
of three samples from 2500 to 4000 m was 0. 36 ± 0. 021 |j.g/l. The
36
-------
CESIUM continued
mean of all samples was 0. 37 ± 0. 035 |j.g/l at 35. 000%" salinity
(6052).
All oceans: Bolter et al. found cesium concentrations consistently
around 0.30 (j.g/1 (6016).
Pacific; Japan: Ishibashi and Kara found 0. 4 to 1. 3 jj.g/1 (6079).
Pacific; Japanese coastal: Ishibashi and Kara found 3.4 to 4. 3 |J.g/l
(6078).
Biological considerations:
Concentrated by seaweed up to 0. 07 ppm(6l50), and by other
organisms (6052). However, most is regenerated in the upper 1000
m(60l6) in agreement with slightly higher Cs values between 500
and 1500 m (6052). Concentration factors for various marine
organisms range between 50 and 10,000 (6000).
Geochemical considerations:
Schutz and Turekian show that nearshore processes may be important
(6141), but the long residence time and lack of appreciable adsorption
on sediments (6016), suggest quantitatively little nearshore removal.
High Cs values in clays and zeolites (6052) provide some agreement.
Industrial sources:
Used in manufacturing of photographic cells (6000).
Analytical considerations:
Schutz and Turekian found no irregularities in data from filtered
samples stored in pyrex for up to six months (6141).
Conclusions:
Cesium concentrations run around 0. 3 to 0. 4 |j.g/l.
37
-------
CHROMIUM
Physico-chemical form;
Cr and CrO. both found in sea water. Thermodynamic calculation
favors CrO4=. Cr may be significantly adsorbed on particulate
matter. CrC>4= is not. Observed ratio Cr /CrO4 may be deter-
mined by reduction of CrO4~ to Cr by "organic" reactions in sea
water (6269).
Observed distributions:
Pacific: Fukai and Vas found 0. 04 to 0. 17 |o.g Cr/1 dissolved trivalent
chromium, 0. 17 to 0.79 (?) (J-g Cr/1 dissolved hexavalent chromium
and 0. 03 to 0. 1 2 |o.g Cr/1 particulate chromium near Japan (6259 , 6256).
Eastern Pacific: Chan and coworkers found 1. 59 ± 0. 06 in surface
waters 100 miles off Hong Kong (6264).
British Isles: Loveridge e_t al. found a January average of 0. 13 (ig/1
and a September average of 0. 25 |JLg/l for samples filtered with a
1 (j. filter. Unfiltered coastal samples gave 0. 13 to 0. 25 fig/1 (6109).
Chuecas and Riley found 0.46 ± 0. 016 |j.g Cr/1 in the Irish Sea (6039).
Morris found 0. 29 ± 0. 07 fj.g/1 in the Menai Straits (6117).
Gullmarsfjord: Noddack and Noddack found less than 0. 2 (J.g/1 (6121).
Sea of Japan: Ishibashi found 0. 04, 0. 05, and 0. 07 [ig/1 in 3
samples from the Sea of Japan (6077).
Miscellaneous: Fukai found from less than 0. 02 to 0. 23 (ig Cr/1
trivalent chromium, depending on depth and season. He found
0. 05 to greater than 0. 36 fj.g Cr/1 hexavalent chromium. The
highest hexavalent and lowest trivalent chromium concentration
occurred at the surface in June and July (6219).
Miscellaneous: Fukai and Huynh-ngoc have reviewed the behavior
of chromium in seawater (6269).
Biological considerations:
Algae concentrate Cr 100 to 500 times or more (6000). Marine
plants contain up to 1000 (J.g/1. Marine animals contain from 200 to
1000 (j.g/1 (6004); see also Foster (6225).
38
-------
CHROMIUM continued
Geochemical considerations:
Columbia River samples had average of 1.9 (J-g/1 (6251). However,
another investigation reported 9, 18, and 20 fig/1 at various seasons
of a year (6249). The ratio of concentration in deep sea and near-
shore sediments probably less than unity (6180), suggesting near-
shore removal is an important process.
Industrial sources:
Chromium wastes are produced in chromate manufacturing (Cr VI),
chromium plating ( Cr VI), aluminum anodizing (Cr VI), and tanning
(Cr III) and leather industries (6098). Cr (VI) is also used in paint
manufacturing, dyes, explosives, ceramics, paper, and other
industries. Cr (III) is used in textile dyeing, ceramic and glass
industries, and in photography. Cr (VI) is also used as a corrosion
inhibitor in cooling systems (6000).
Analytical considerations:
If filtered and acidified to pH 2. 0, seawater can be stored with no
losses in polyethylene (6039). May be able to store samples in
pyrex if filtered but not acidified (6141). Immediate filtration may
not be necessary, but evidence is inconclusive (6109).
Conclusions;
Surface values range from 0. 2 to 0. 5 \±g Cr/1.
COBALT
Physico-chemical form:
". . . predominantly in the free divalent cationic form ..." (6117).
Co2"1" and some CoSO4° (6059). Krauskopf suggested that Co++ and
CoCl were the principal forms, with perhaps some Co(OH) (6102).
CoCl+ or Co(OH)+ tentatively confirmed (6125).
Observed distributions:
Puget Sound and San Juan Islands: Thompson and Laevastu found
an average of 0. 28 fj.g/1 with a range of 0. 23-0. 32 (j.g/1 (6163).
39
-------
COBALT continued
California coast: Weiss and Reed found 0. 038 |J.g/l in each of two
unfiltered samples taken in July, 40 miles west of San Francisco (6174).
Hawaii: Forster and Zeitlin found 0.42 (jig/1 (0.41 ppb) off Hawaii
(6054).
All oceans: Schutz and Turekian and Turekian and Schutz found
an average oceanic value of 0. 27 (o.g/1 with range of 0. 035 |j.g/l to
4. 1 (Jig/1. (6141). The East Pacific Oean averaged 0. 11 |j.g/l and the
Central Pacific 0.75 |j.g/l (6197). In the Central Pacific (1 6 °09 'S,
151 °31'W) they found surface values of 0. 25 and 0 . 22 (j.g.Co/1
(6151).
Other studies giving values from 0. 07 to 0. 67 fxg/1 are 6177 , 6117,
6110, 6186 and 6121.
Biological considerations:
Co is an "essential" micronutrient due to its use in making of
Vitamin Bj? (6054). It has been specifically shown to be necessary
for certain annelids, crustacea, and molluscs (6004). Organisms
probably return most to the water column. Areas of upwelling
exhibit high cobalt values (6141). Organic reactions may be important
in controlling removal from seawater (6102, 6180, 6185). A con-
centration factor of 1500 was reported for a flagellate (Ochromonas)
(6000). Marine plants contain up to 11,000 (Jig Co/1. Marine animals
contain from 4, 000 to 50,000 |j.g Co/1. Cobalt is also accumulated
by some sponges. Plankton concentrate Co by factors of 1000 to
5000 (6004); see also Lowman (6229).
Geochemical considerations;
Less than 1 |j,g/l in the Columbia River, 1958 - 1967 (6103, 6251, 6208).
Most stream Co is removed on the continental margin. Long Island
Sound is little different from nearby oceanic areas (6141). Two to
three hours after mixing filtered (0.45|a) river and sea waters, almost
all of the cobalt had precipitated (6110). Krauskopf concluded that
cobalt is not primarily removed by either adsorption or local
sulphide precipitation (6102). Cobalt concentration in pelagic sedi-
ments is nine times nearshore concentration (6180), suggesting
nearshore removal is unimportant. Cobalt is among the elements
most effectively removed from sea water. (The "residence time" is
short. ) (6102).
40
-------
COBALT continued
Industrial sources;
Cobalt is used in making alloys, in galvanizing, in nuclear technology,
as a pigment, in the China and glass industries and in binders in
the tungsten-car bide tool industry (6000).
Analytical considerations;
Non-metallic samplers and immediate filtration are recommended
(6163). Weiss and Reed demonstrated no loss due to adsorption
on polyethylene (6174) and Schutz and Turekian found no data dis-
crepancies in samples stored in pyrex for up to six months (6141).
Conclusions:
Values may range from 0. 035 to 4. 1 |xg/l with most falling between
0. 2 and 0.7 ng/1.
COPPER
Physico-chemical form;
". . . predominantly in the free divalent cationic form" (6117),
but adsorbed on hydrous oxides (6109). Cu , and some CuSO
complexes (6059). Krauskopf suggested that the CuCl+ concentration
was 1/3 of the Cu++ concentration and CuCl2, 1/30. Cu(OH)++may
be a complicating factor (6102). Cu exists "primarily as a soluble
complex," probably organic (6192). Also see Slowey et a_l. (6127)
and Williams (6040). Copper in equilibrium with Cu(OH)p in sea
water is 20 p.g/1 at pH 8. 0 (calculated) (6213).
Observed distributions;
San Juan Channel - Washington Coast: Chow and Thompson found a
summer average maximum of 1. 8 (J.g/1 and an autumn average
minimum of 1. 0 [J.g/1. The average value was 1. 5 p.g/1 and the range,
0. 76 |J,g/l to 3. 8 fJig/1 (6037). Vertical distribution in the San Juan
Channel between 0 and 100 m was essentially uniform with a range
from 1.3 to 1. 4 |ag/l (6037). Surface concentrations in August were:
41
-------
COPPER continued
48°30'N 124°44'W 1. 1 p.g/1
48°31'N 126°47'W 1.3
48°33'N 130°04'W 1.0
47°37'N 136°15'W 1.1
46°52'N 128°27'W 1.3
46°45'N 125°40'W 1.0
Friday Harbor, Washington: Brown found little variation from 2. 7
Hg/l(6217).
Southern California coastal: Williams found from 0 to 5 jj.g/1 total
soluble copper (6040).
Near shore and Oceanic, Japan: Morita found average values of
2. 4 (ig/l'in Tokyo and Ise Bays and in Misaki Channel with a range
of 1. 0 to 5.7- fig/I Cu (6115). In Sagami and Suruga Bays in February,
values ranged from 0. 3 to 1. 5 (j.g/1 with highest values at 1 000 m.
The oceanic values (in the Kuroshio) ranged between 0. 5 and 0.7 |J.g/l
in May (6115).
Pacific Ocean; New Zealand: Brooks found surface values averaging
4.9 |JLg/l. Samples were filtered and oxidized (6189).
Atlantic and Pacific Oceans: Fabricand e_t aJL found surface value
of 2. 0 (ig/1 at 32°40'N, 117°26'W in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.
Values in the Atlantic Ocean ranged from 1.1 to 2. 2 |j.g/l. Samples
were not filtered (6050).
Other studies include some showing values up to 600 |J.g/l in Connecticut
harbors (6195) (6056). Ocean values given range from 0.9 |ig/l to
27 jig/1 (6109, 6177, 6110, 6117, 6135, 6121, 6192, 6196, 6193,
6188, 6201, 6167, and 6095).
Biological considerations:
There are seasonal trends in observed distributions (6007). Con-
centrations increase from 200 m to the bottom in a coastal area
(6115). Concentration factors range up to 5000 for the soft parts
of marine invertebrates (6000). Plankton have concentration
factors from 1000 to 5000 (6000). Biogeneous copper was about
equal to lithogeneous in a stagnant fjord (6185).
42
-------
COPPER continued
Geochemical considerations:
1-50 fig/1 in the Columbia River (6103) averaging about 10 (J.g/1
(6251, 6208). Tributaries of the Fraser River have four times
oceanic concentrations of copper (6037). Some Caribbean rivers
have one to ten times oceanic concentrations of soluble copper,
and an additional two to twenty-seven times associated with partic-
ulate matter. 18% of the "soluble" copper in these river waters
is precipitated when mixed with filtered seawater (6110). Chow
and Thompson cite an abnormally high value off the mouth of the
Mississippi River (6037). Cu slightly higher in Japanese bays
than in the adjacent open ocean (6116). Inshore values (~ 20 fxg/1
total Cu) are higher than offshore values (~ 10 (j.g/1 total Cu) in the
Straits of Florida (6192). Under certain conditions, shallow sedi-
ments may give up dissolved Cu to seawater (6037). Cu intermediate
in effectiveness of removal from seawater (6102). Local sulfide
precipitation and adsorption (6102) and biological activity (6180)
are possible removal mechanisms. Concentrations in pelagic
sediment are higher than those in nearshore sediments (6180).
Industrial^ source s;
Copper is found in wastes from Cu pickling and plating processes,
and cuprammonium rayon manufacturing (6098). Copper salts are
also used in textile processes, pigmentation, tanning, photography,
engraving, in.se ctici de s , fungicides, and other industrial processes.
Copper nitrate is used in pyrotechnics (6000).
Analytical considerations:
Contamination is a major problem in collection due to the extensive
use of copper and brass in marine equipment (6037). Filtration is
advisable. Apparently, copper does not adsorb on glass (6036).
Loveridge and coworkers suggest immediate filtration and acidifi-
cation to pH ^ 2. 0 (6109). 10 % of copper adsorbed on the walls of
a new PVC sampler in 90 minutes. Aged bottles showed no adsorption
(6192).
Conclusions;
Copper is found in surface concentrations ranging from 0. 6 to
30 |xg/l with even higher values possible in harbors.
43
-------
COPPER continued
Dissolved Dissolved and total < 0. 45 y. Parti culate
|xg/l
Open
ocean 1 ± 1 < 10 1-120
Coastal +10 ? + 10,000
GALLIUM
Physico-chemical form:
Probably Ga(OH) ~ or Ga(OH)4(H2O)2 since gallium is amphoteric
like aluminum (6179). However, "... in many of its properties. . .
gallium shows a greater resemblance to iron than to aluminum "
(6075). May be significantly adsorbed on soluble organics (6180).
Observed distributions:
North Atlantic Ocean: Burton _e_t al. found 0. 032 ± 0. 007 |j.g/l
(0. 031 |j.g/kg). Values change slightly from place to place (6023).
Gullmarsfjord: Noddack and Noddack found 0. 5 p.g/1 (6121).
Unspecified: Ishibashi e_t aA. found 0.015 - 0.02 fig/1 (6090).
Biological considerations:
Biota play an insignificant role in the oceanic distribution of gallium
(6023). Noddack and Noddack found concentration factors of up to
16,000 (6043). Culkin and Riley found Ga primarily in the soft parts,
not hard parts of organisms. They indicated that organisms which
they studied got their Ga from bottom muds, not seawater (6043).
Geochemical considerations;
Burton (6023) states that the enclosed nature of Gullmarsfjord influ-
enced the results of Noddack and Noddack, but gave no estimates as
to how much or in what direction. That gallium is not concentrated
in any particular marine enivronment (6180) suggests that nearshore
removal is not an important process, although Ga has been said to
be associated with clay minerals (6180).
44
-------
GALLIUM continued
Industrial sources:
Analytical considerations:
Immediate filtration recommended (see Physico-chemical form).
Conclusions:
Gallium concentrations will probably be around 0. 03 fig/1.
GERMANIUM
Physico-chemical form:
Present in colloidal, adsorbed, and ionic forms. G,eO(OH)_ or
Ge(OH)4, analogous to silicon (6171, 6059).
Observed distributions:
North Atlantic Ocean: Burton e_t al. found 0. 06 ± 0. 01 M-g/1 regard-
less of season, depth, or position. The value may be 0. 07 |j.g/l
in the deep ocean (6023).
Gullmarsfjord: Noddack and Noddack found less than 0. 1 |o.g/l (6121).
Biological considerations:
Not used in construction of hard parts of plankton and sponges (6023),
but is used in soft parts (6022). Quantitatively unimportant (6171).
Marine animals contain up to 0.3 ppm ( ? ) (6019).
Geochemical considerations;
Ge may be adsorbed or ion exchanged (6023). Shelf sediments do
not adsorb much Ge quantitatively (6171).
Industrial sources;
Germanium is used in manufacture of electronic devices, in
metallurgical processes, and in electroplating (6000).
45
-------
GERMANIUM continued
Analytical considerations;
Similarity to silicate (see Physico-chemical form) suggests
similar need for care in storing samples.
Conclusions:
Germanium concentrations should be around 0. 06 (J.g/1.
GOLD
Physico-chemical form:
Au+++, but probably strongly chloride complexed: AuCl. (6059, 6020).
Yasuda suggested colloidal and organic colloidal associations (61 64),
in line with Hummel's evidence for strong association with particulate
matter (6073).
Observed distributions:
Pacific Ocean: Weiss and Lai found 0. 068 ± 0. 003 |ag/l in surface
waters 40 miles west of San Francisco. Samples were not filtered
(6173).
All Oceans: Schutz and Turekian found an oceanic average of 0. Oil
(j.g/1 with a range of 0. 004 to 0. 027 (xg/1 (6141).
Pacific Coastal: Putnam found less than 0. 5 [j.g/1 in Puget Sound
and at Bandon, Oregon, but 5. 1 (o.g/1 at Copalis Beach, Washington,
and 44 (j.g/1 at Mutiny Bay, Washington (6132). Caldwell found an
average of 0. 21 |ag/l at Waldport, Oregon, and less than 0. 05 (j.g/1
at Agate Beach, Oregon. He found 0.4 and 1 (ig/l in the Strait of
Juan de Fuca (6025).
All Oceans: Hummel found from .015 to 0. 400 [j.g/1 (6073).
Other studies give around 0. 01 (J-g/1 (6020, 6121).
Biological considerations:
Concentrated by kelp (6132).
46
-------
GOLD continued
Geochemical considerations:
Industrial sources:
Gold used in photography, for electrogilding, for painting on
porcelain and glass, and for some therapeutic purposes (6000).
Analytical considerations:
Filtration is recommended in light of strong particulate association.
Acidification at collection prevents Au adsorption on walls of poly-
ethylene containers (6173).
Conclusions:
Gold ( < 0.45 fi) probably amounts to around 0. 01 |Jtg/l. Particulate
gold can raise nearshore values perhaps as high as 44 fig/1.
HAFNIUM
Physico-chemical form:
HfO++, similar to ZrO (6179) is possible in aqueous solution.
Observed distributions:
Schutz and Turekian failed to detect hafnium with a lower limit of
detection of 0. 008 (j.g/1 (6141).
Biological considerations:
Marine plants contain less than 0.4 ppm(s.w. < 0.000008 ppm) (6019).
Geochemical considerations:
Industrial sources:
Analytical considerations:
Hafnium is "known to be adsorbed quickly on most surfaces" (6141).
47
-------
HAFNIUM continued
Conclusions:
Concentrations of hafnium in seawater are very low ( < 0. 008 jig/I).
INDIUM
Physico-chemical form;
The chemistry of indium is similar to aluminum, gallium, and thallium.
The hydroxide, In(OH) ° may (6143), or may not (6179) be ampho-
teric. In+++ may form InCl^ ions in seawater (6179). At pH 8
in sea water, In(OH)2+ is predominant (6204).
*
Observed distributions:
The amount in solution in seawater is too small to detect (6143).
Baric and Branica calculated an upper limit of 0. 012 (o.g/1 (6204).
Biological considerations:
There is some evidence for biological concentration (high values in
carbonaceous shales and coal ash) (6143), but it has not been recorded
in any living organism (6075).
Geochemical considerations;
Following weathering, In is probably transported as the colloidal
hydroxide, which flocculates when it reaches the sea (6143).
Industrial sources:
Analytical considerations:
Conclusions;
Concentrations of indium in seawater are low.
48
-------
IRON
Physico-chemical form;
Iron is found mainly as colloidal Fe (III) hydroxide and Fe (III)
phosphate (6108). Iron is also found in organic complexes, in
dead and living phyto- and zooplankton, in clay minerals and other
terrigenous inorganic matter, and in soluble hydrated iron oxides (6176),
Fe(OH), (6059). Ratio of particulate to soluble non-ionic iron was
1:1 for tropical waters (6193).
Observed distributions:
Northeast Pacific: Williams and Chan determined soluble, partic-
ulate, HCl-reactive soluble and HCl-reactive particulate iron in
the area of the mouth of the Strait of Juan de Fuca . Mean values
for total soluble iron were about 1 -3 |j.g/l in the winter, and about
3-15 |ig/l in the summer. Mean values for total particulate iron
were about ZO (ig/1 in the winter, and about 5 (J.g/1 in the summer,
decreasing towards the open ocean (6176). Joyner determined
particulate iron, finding from 0. 5 to 3. 0 (J.g/1 in the open ocean, and
up to 88(j.g/l near the mouth of the Columbia River (6094).
Strickland determined a "total reactive iron" value of 4. 6 [J.g/1 at
5 m. He also found "coastal values ranging from 8.4 to 16 p.g/1
(6156). Strickland and Austin found generally less than 17 (j.g/1
total reactive iron, about one-half particulate and one-half soluble
(6199). Thompson and Bremner measure soluble and total iron
concentrations. In the upper 100 m, soluble iron ranged from 2 to 4
|j.g/l and total iron from 14 to 17 jag/l (6162). Values for soluble
iron are thought to be high (6181). Thompson and Bremner also
made measurements off the mouth of the Fraser River and in the
Strait of Juan de Fuca.
Strait of Juan de Fuca: Laevastu and Thompson found values of
5. 5 (J.g/1 (5 m) and 27 (J.g/1 (100 m) soluble iron. Particulate iron
was 93 (j.g/1 (5 m) and 111 (j.g/1 (100 m). They also made measure-
ments in Puget Sound and the San Juan Islands (6105). Thompson
and Robinson report 37 (J.g/1 at the surface and 280 (J.g/1 at 150 to
200 m. In the Haro Strait, the surface value was 42 (j.g/1 and the
300 m value was 188 (J.g/1. At Friday Harbor, the surface value was
30 (J.g/1 and the 150-200 m value was 85 (J.g/1. All measurements
were made in the summer (61 64).
North Pacific Ocean: McAllister e_t a_L. found 1.84-7.32 (J.g/1 dis-
solved iron (6186) at ocean station "P" (Papa).
49
-------
IRON continued
All Oceans: Lewis and Goldberg report consistant values of 3.4
jj.g/1 soluble iron, and of 4.5 ug/1 particulate iron, the latter only
below 500 m. Particulate values are scattered above 500 m.
Measurements showed that about 75% of soluble iron unreactive by
their method, prior to oxidation (6108).
Atlantic and Pacific Oceans: Fabricand et_al_. found 6. 1 jxg/I in
surface waters at 32°40'N, 117°20'W, and between 5. 6 and 7. 3
lag/I at depths of 500-1600 feet in the Atlantic (6050).
Pacific Ocean; Hawaii: Zeitlin and Lei found monthly averages
of particulate iron ranging from 28 to 192 M-g/1 (6200).
Other studies have found from 0 to 9 u-g/1 soluble iron (6146, 6184,
6005, 6117; 6068, 6110, 6121, 6193, and 6263).
Biological considerations:
Concentration factors from 720 to 200, 000 have been measured,
the latter for phytoplankton (6000). Lewis and Goldberg cite
references indicating that plankton use only particulate iron, and
indicate that much of this iron is recycled in the upper water layers
(6108). Similarly, a summer increase of soluble iron at expense
of particulate iron was attributed partially to assimilation of partic-
ulate iron by phytoplankton and subsequent release of soluble
iron (6176). "Iron, in addition to suitable chelating and/or complex-
ing agents, was considered to be one of the limiting factors for
continued growth in tropical waters" (6194). See also Lowman (6229).
Geochemical considerations:
Particulate iron generally decreases with distance from land (6176,
6005). Rivers do not contribute significantly to the soluble concen-
tration (6162), so that soluble iron does not evidence such a decrease
(6176). The Columbia River had between 2 and 90 |ag/l from 1958
to 1962 (6103). Kopp and Kroner later found a four-year average of
31 ng/1 at Clatskanie, Oregon (6251). Values as high as 280 u g/I
were found at The Dalles, Oregon (6249). Three Caribbean rivers
had 4 to 20 times oceanic values for soluble iron. Soluble iron
comprised between 1% and 4% of the total iron in the river (6110).
Three hours after mixing filtered river and sea waters, 93% of
the soluble iron had precipitated (6110). Total iron ranged from 25
\i.gll inshore to 0. 5 |ag/l offshore in tropical waters (6194).
50
-------
IRON continued
Industrial sources:
Iron pollution can be due to iron pickling liquors, ochre waters from
coal mines, drainage from coal tips, and galvanizing and wire
drawing wastes (6098). Wastes from mining, ore milling, chemical
and dyeing industries, and water and sewage works are also potential
pollutants (6000).
Analytical considerations:
Since ships and hydrographic wires are made of steel, contami-
nation is a problem. Filtration (0.45 |JL) and acidification on
collection prevents adsorption on glass bottle walls (6005), but can
also change amount of "reactive" iron in seawater by dissolving
organics and colloids (6176). Iron may also be released by glass.
Polyethylene adsorbs iron strongly. Processes used to decompose
organic matter can leach iron from glassware. Silica is
recommended (6005).
Conclusions;
Total iron (particulate + soluble) can run as high as 300 (j.g/1 in
coastal waters. Soluble iron is low (0-5 |J.g/l) in the winter, and
higher (up to 20 |J-g/l) in the summer.
LEAD
Physico-chemical form:
Goldberg states that the primary species are Pb++ and PbSO.O
(6059), but Krauskopf had suggested that PbCP" was the chief species
(6102). It is adsorbed on hydrous oxides (6109), clay minerals and
organic matter (6102), with about half in true solution (6160). Pb
readily coordinates with organic ligands (6021).
Observed distributions:
San Juan Channel: Chow found the vertical distributions shown
below in August at 48°36'N, 123°04'W (6031).
51
-------
LEAD continued
depth (m) CI (%o) Lead (tig/1)
Mid-channel: 0 16.73 0.10
25 16.58 0.22
50 16.73 0.14
75 16.68 0.12
100 16.79 0.17
Off Jones Island: 25 16.78 0.07
50 16.84 0.07
75 16.99 0.15
100 17.18 0.11
Pacific Ocean: Tatsumoto and Patterson found 0. 36 fxg/1 at the
surface decreasing with depth to 0. 02 p.g/1 at 4000 m at 29°13'N
and 117°37'W (6160).
British Isles: Loveridge e_t al. found averages up to 1. 5 (J-g/1
20 miles offshore. Samples were filtered with 1 JJL filters (6109).
Deep Oceans: Chow shows that deep waters of the Atlantic Ocean
now have 0. 04 (j.g/1, Pacific Ocean 0. 03 (j.g/1, and the Mediterranean
Sea 0. 03 |ag/l. From this data Chow estimates the surface
preindustrial oceanic concentration to be 0. 02 |o,g/l (6032).
Gullmarsfjord: Noddack and Noddack found 5 (Jig/1 (6121).
Biological considerations;
Observed vertical oceanic profile probably due to significant bio-
logical transport (6160). Sedimentation of pteropod shells has been
suggested as a mechanism for removal of lead from seawater (6120).
Marine plants contain up to 8400 [J.g/1 and marine animals up to 500
Hg/l(6004).
Geochemical considerations:
Rivers generally have a high concentration of industrial lead, but
the Columbia River only had more than 4 fig/1 in 9 of 31 samples in
the time period 1958-1962 (6103). The Columbia averaged about
2 jig/I (6251) or 3. 2 (j.g/1 (6208).
52
-------
LEAD continued
Industrial sources:
Use of tetraethyl lead in industrial fuels results in high surface
inputs of Pb (6160), and others. Lead wastes are produced by lead
mines, by manufacturing of accumulators, by lead paint production,
and pewter ware manufacturing (6098). Lead salts are used in
printing and dyeing, match and explosive manufacturing, photography,
and engraving, in fabric weighting, lithography, and in galvanic
batteries (6000).
Analytical considerations;
Extensive use of lead base paints on shipboard makes contamination
in collection a real danger (61 60). Silica containers are preferred
to glass as Pb may be leached from even pyrex(6l09, 61 60). Poly-
ethylene adsorbs lead (61 60). Contamination, even in the dust in
the air, makes extreme care mandatory (6109) and others.
Conclusions:
Lead can run as high as 1. 5 |j.g/l depending on the degree of local
pollution. Typical values run around 0. 10 (J.g/1.
LITHIUM
Physico-chemical form;
Lithium in seawater exists as the strongly hydrated Li"*" ion (6034).
Observed distributions:
All Oceans: Chow and Goldberg found an average of 170 jig/I
with a range of 159 to 178 (J.g/1. The Li/Cl ratio was 8. 94 ± 0. 12
x 10. Samples were not filtered. They state that previously
reported coastal values are probably affected more by methodology
than sample location (6034). Riley and Tongudai found 183 ± 3 (J.g/1
at a salinity of 35%o. The Li/Cl ratio was 9.39 ± 0. 17 x 10'6 (6136).
Biological considerations:
Lithium is "not markedly enriched in the marine biosphere" (6034).
53
-------
LITHIUM continued
Geochemical considerations:
Chow and Goldberg supposed a drainage effect, but data are lacking
(6034). The Columbia River contains an average of 2. 2 |o.g/l (6208),
3. 9 (o.g/1 and 0. 59 p.g/1 were found at two different times of year (6249).
Industrial sources;
Lithium is used in metallurgy, in medicinal waters, in manufacture
of certain types of glass, in storage batteries, in production of
glazes on ceramic and electrical porcelain, in pyrotechnics, and
in soldering aluminum (6000).
Analytical considerations:
Conclusions:
Lithium is found in seawater in concentrations of 160-190 fig/l.
MANGANESE
Physico-chemical form:
Manganese occurs in seawater as Mn++ and MnSC>4 (6059). Esti-
mates of the amount associated with particulate matter include "most"
(6109, 6110). Organic complexes are indicated by analytical data
(6137). In nearshore areas, Mn++ goes to MnO_ which deposits
rapidly. Mn++ may also be exchangeable on clays. Mn(OH)-,
and Mn(OH), have also been suggested as Mn species in seawater
(6234).
Observed distributions:
Washington Coast: Thompson and Wilson found from 3 to 1 0 fig/1
above 100 m. They found similar values in the San Juan Islands
(6165).
Pacific Ocean and Gulf of Mexico: Rona and coworkers found the
following values for the Pacific Ocean:
54
-------
MANGANESE continued
Location Depth (m) Mn (p-g/l)
35°50'N 124°30'W 0 0.65
" " 2400 1.26
20°30'N 117°40'W 0 0.78
" " 2400 1.80
41°24'N 86°11'W 1235 1.60
" " 2340 1.30
39°33'S 84°10'W 3500 1.50
43°50'S 105°30'W 3500 1.50
35°09'N 157°17'W 18 0.85
" " 159 1.40
" " 2,300 5.80
" 4100 8.60
" " 5440 1.20
In the Gulf of Mexico, they found between 0. 2 and 3. 9 fig A with
values decreasing with distance from shore (6137).
North Pacific Ocean: McAllis ter _e_t_al. found values ranging from
0. 17 |j.g/l (5 m) to 1.7 [ig/1 (5 m) at Ocean Station "P" (61 19).
Me Alii ster_e_t_al. found 0. 27 to 0.93 |ag/l at Ocean Station "P"
from 300 to 1000 m(6l86).
Atlantic and Pacific: Fabricand e_t al. found 4. 0 fig/1 at 32°40'N,
117 °26'W in the East Pacific, and from 3. 0 to 4. 4 (ig/1 between 500
and 1600 ft. in the Atlantic (6050).
Other investigators have found from 0. 6 to 3. 0 (J.g/1 dissolved
manganese (6109, 6121) but much higher values for particulate
manganese (6211, 6187).
Biological Considerations;
0. 5 |j.g Mn/1 added to cultures stimulated growth of diatoms and
flagellates, with quantities as low as 0. 1 [ig Mn/1 effective for
Chla my do mona s (6244). Incorporation into foraminiferal tests may
be a significant manganese removal process (6180). High Mn con-
centrations are observed in closed basins with high organic
matter content (6137).
55
-------
MANGANESE continued
Geochemical considerations;
Samples taken from the Columbia River in the period 1958-1962
had between 3 and 5 fig/1 (6103). Kopp and Kroner later found an
average of 1. 5 (j.g/1 (6251). An average of 10 jig Mn/1 is reported
by another worker, whose iron values are also considerably higher
(6208). In the Caribbean, three rivers had 2 to 1 5 times oceanic
Mn contents. Particulate manganese in the rivers ran as high as
350 times the oceanic soluble content. Three hours after mixing
filtered (0.45 |JL) river and sea waters, 30% of the manganese had
precipitated (6110).
Industrial sources;
Drainage from coal and ash tips, chemical plants, and lime
sludges can pollute nearby waters (6098). Manganese is used in
steel alloys, for dry-cell batteries, in glass and ceramics, in the
manufacture of paints and varnishes, in inks and dyes, in matches
and fireworks, and in agriculture. Mn is also used in disinfectants
(6000).
Analytical considerations;
Immediate filtration and acidification recommended (6109).
Thompson and Wilson demonstrated the need for consistency in
filtering procedures (6165).
Conclusions;
Nearshore concentrations of dissolved manganese probably will
be less than 10 (ig/1.
MERCURY
Physico-chemical form:
Very little in simple cationic form as it is strongly complexed
by chloride, giving primarily HgCl3" and HgCl4" (6059). Stability
constant shows that HgCl4~~/Hg++ in seawater would be about 1015
(6179).
-------
MERCURY continued
Observed distributions:
Western Pacific Ocean: Hamaguchi and coworkers found most
values in the range 0.08 to 0. 1 5 |j.g Hg/1 (6065). Soyer, citing
the work of Stock and Cucuel, suggests 0. 03 [j.g/1 (6154).
Equatorial Pacific Ocean: Hosohara showed about 0. 1 fJ.g/1 at the
surface, and 0. 1 5 to 0. 27 fj.g/1 at 300 m (6070).
Japan, Minamata Bay: Hosohara e_t aL found 1.6 to 3.6 (j.g total
Hg/1 in oxidized samples, approximately ten times the value of
unoxidized samples (6071).
Biological considerations:
Mercury (organomercury) is concentrated in food chains (6220).
Fish concentrate Hg 1000 to 10,000 times (6286). Uptake of Hg is
faster than excretion in fish (6003). 0. 03 ppm (dry) was found in
algae (6287). Diatoms concentrate Hg primarily by surface
sorption, with dead cells accumulating twice as much as live ones
(6287). Dead algae sorbed 98% of mercury out of a seawater
solution (6102). Converted to methylmercury by bacteria
(6010) and other microorganisms in sediments (6242).
Geochemical considerations:
Mercury not notably concentrated in manganese nodules from non-
volcanic areas (6285). Concentrated in sediments over seawater
(6286). Strongly sorbed on sediments with some "little exchangeable"
(6003). If mud concentrations are high enough, 100% of Hg is. removed
from seawater by adsorption (6265). May be present in sediments
as the sulfide (6285, 6265) or humate (6265).
Industrial sources:
Mercury is used in the manufacture of insecticides, fungicides,
and in certain paper mill procedures (6098). Hg is also used in
embalming, disinfecting, preserving, fabric printing, tanning,
electroplating, ink manufacturing, and is found in wastes from lead
mines and chemical plants (6000). Mercuro-organic compounds are
used in herbicides, fungicides, and in medical treatments (6000).
Mercury is used in chlorine factories, electrical industry, and is
57
-------
MERCURY continued
found in fossil fuels (6281). Also finds use as a catalyst in the
production of acetaldehyde and vinylchloride (6227).
Conclusions:
Mercury concentrations are expected to be between 0. 08 and 0. 36
H^g Hg/1.
MOLYBDENUM
Physico-chemical form:
Krauskopf suggested that molybdenum in seawater was anionic
(6102), and Goldberg suggested MoO4"~ (6059). Weiss and Lai
suggested Mo (6172).
Observed distributions:
California: Marin County: Bachmann and Goldman found 10. 0 M-g/1
at Muir Beach in July, 1963. An independent determination by a
different method gave 10. 5 (j.g/1 (6008).
California, San Francisco: Weiss and Lai found 12. 2 =fc 0. 1
from unfiltered samples taken 40 miles due west of San Francisco
(6172).
Hawaii: Kim and Zeitlin found 10.4 |JLg/l in unfiltered samples (6097),
Pacific Ocean: Sugawara and Okabe found 9. 6-12. 7 fig /I in the bays
of Kinsin Island, and 8. 9 -1 2. 2 |j,g /I near Antarctica. They found 8. 6
to 11.8 fjLg/1 in the western part of the Eastern China Sea (6209).
Shugawara [sic] and coworkers found 8. 6-12. 5 (J.g/1 in the open
Pacific Ocean (6186). Also see Sugawara _e_t a_l. (6159, 6157).
New Zealand: Brooks found surface values averaging 0.75 (J.g/1.
Samples were filtered and oxidized (6189).
Other studies found from 0. 5 to 1 6 fig/1 molybdenum (6177, 6015,
6186, 6121).
58
-------
MOLYBDENUM continued
Biological considerations:
Molybdenum is a micronutrient (6097), "essential" to algae and
higher plants (6008). Concentration factors between 2 and 5 have
been observed in several algae (6000). See also Barsdate (6205).
Geochemical considerations;
Samples taken in the Columbia River in a four-year period gave
values of greater than 1 \i.g Mo/1, with the highest being 9 M-g/1
(6103). Kopp and Kroner found an average of 11 [xg/1 in the period
1962-1967 (6251). Napa and American Rivers in Northern California
gave 0. 8 and 0. 67 jig/1 respectively (6008).
Industrial sources:
Molybdenum is used in metallurgy- in electronic applications, in
the glass and ceramic industries, in pigment production, and in
fertilizers for vegetables (6000).
Analytical considerations:
Conclusions;
Nearshore molybdenum concentrations run from 6 to 1 6 (J.g/1.
NICKEL
Physico-chemical form:
Krauskopf says that Ni is probably similar to cobalt, which would
imply Ni++ and Ni Cl+ species (6102). Goldberg suggests Ni++
and NiSO4° (6059). Morris says nickel occurs ". . . predominantly
in the free divalent cationic form. " (6117)
Observed distributions:
Puget Sound - San Juan Islands: Laevastu and Thompson found an
average of 2. 0 |o.g/l with a range of 1.4 to 2. 7 [J.g/1. There was
apparent dependence on salinity, depth, or season (6104).
59
-------
NICKEL continued
All Oceans: Schutz and Turekian found open oceanic average of
5. 4 |J.g/l with a range from 0. 43 to 43 fo.g/1. A Pacific Ocean
station (3°32'N, 81°11'W) gave values shown in the table below:
Depth (m) Ni (|j.g/l)
14 10.5
200 3. 2
4.8
400 1.8
4. 5
600 5. 1
Surface samples taken in the central Pacific gave 30. 5 and 26. 9
Pacific Ocean, Hawaii: Forster and Zeitlin found 2. 5 [j.g/1 and 3. 1
(i.g/1 (6053, 6055).
Atlantic and Pacific Oceans: Fabricand
-------
NICKEL continued
Within three hours after mixing filtered river and sea waters, 35%
of the soluble nickel had been precipitated (6110). Nickel behaves
similarly to cobalt in the marine environment (6141).
Industrial sources:
Nickel used in electroplating (6000), and in dyeing and printing (6000),
Analytical considerations:
Immediate filtration (6117) and use of plastic containers (6055)
are recommended.
Conclusions:
Nickel concentrations expected to be between 0. 1 and 6 p.g/1
with 2-3 |JLg/l the most probable range
NIOBIUM
Physico-chemical form:
Some may be organically bound (see 6027). Strong particulate
association (6027).
Observed distributions:
English Channel: Carlisle and Hummerstone found less than 0. 001
|j.g/l in Whatman #542 filtered samples taken 40 miles southwest of
Plymouth. Unfiltered samples gave 0. 01 to 0. 02 (ig/1. In Plymouth
Sound, filtered samples gave 0. 005 |a,g/l and unfiltered ones 0. 05-
0. 1 0 (j.g/1. In settled weather, the same area gave 0. 01 (J-g/1
(6027).
Biological considerations:
Nb apparently has "relatively little biological significance in the
sea. " Radioactive niobium is concentrated only by second trophic
level animals, i.e. some copepods, euphausiids, pteropods, and
salps (6183). Most marine invertebrate concentrate Nb up to 0. 2-
2 ppm dry weight. Ascidians concentrate Nb up to 6500 ppm (6026).
61
-------
NIOBIUM continued
Geochemical considerations;
Land drainage may raise Nb in unfiltered samples (6027).
Industrial sources:
Analytical considerations:
Conclusions: Concentrations may be expected to be around 0. 001
to 0. 05 (j.g Nb/1.
PALLADIUM
Physico-chemical form:
Observed distributions:
Biological considerations:
Geochemical considerations:
Industrial sources:
Palladium is used in photography, toning solutions, indelible inks,
and in galvano-coating of precision parts (6000).
Analytical considerations:
Conclusions:
No information.
PLATINUM
Physico-chemical form:
Observed distributions:
Biological considerations;
Geochemical considerations:
62
-------
PLATINUM continued
Industrial sources;
Pt is used in plating, photography, indelible inks, mirrors, and
as a catalyzer (6000).
Analytical considerations:
Conclusions:
No information.
POLONIUM
Physico-chemical form;
Po(IV). Possibly PoO2 hydrated; Po(OH) or Po++ chlorides (6179).
Observed distributions:
Biological considerations:
Marine plankton enrichment factors may be greater than 4000 (6142),
Geochemical considerations;
Industrial sources:
Analytical considerations:
Conclusions:
No information.
RHENIUM
Physico-chemical form:
Probably occurs as the perrhenate ion, ReO^ (6140). May be com-
plexed by chloride (6020).
63
-------
RHENIUM continued
Observed distributions;
Pacific Ocean: Scadden found 0. 0084 (j.g/1 ±17% for four widely
spaced surface samples (6140).
Biological considerations:
In brown kelp, 0. 022 ppm dry weight was found (6140).
Geochemical considerations:
Industrial sources;
Analytical considerations;
Conclusions:
No information.
RHODIUM
Physico-chemical form;
Rh (III) most common valence. Easily complexed and adsorbed (see
6223).
Observed distributions:
Biological considerations;
Geochemical considerations:
Industrial sources:
Analytical considerations;
Conclusions;
No information.
64
-------
RUBIDIUM
Physico-chemical form;
Occurs as the monovalent cation, Rb (6059).
Observed distributions:
All Oceans: Smith ejt al. found 1 20 p.g/1 ± 8%. They detected a
minimum in the Pacific at about 1000 m (6153). Bolter et al.
found values consistently around 125 [xg/1 (601 6).
Atlantic Ocean: Smales and Webster found 121.4 ±1.1 |ag/l for
four samples taken at 4000 m in the North Atlantic (6151) (6152).
Smales and Salmon had found 120 ±10 [ig/l for all waters of the
North Atlantic (6150).
Gulf of Mexico, Coastal: Billings and Harriss found 170 p.g/1 in
waters off British Honduras, and 190 (J-g/1 in waters off Texas.
For the open ocean, they got 120, 1 20, and 140 [J.g/1 (6014) .
Pacific: Japanese Coastal: Ishibashi and Hara found 250-400 p.g/1
(6078).
Micsellaneous: Borovik-Romanova found between 110 and 230 (J-g/1
in the Barents, Okhotsk, Japan, and Karskii Seas. He found 103 |Jig/l
in the Black Sea (6017).
Biological considerations:
Rb is concentrated by seaweeds (6150). Marine animals concentrate
Rb up to 20 ppm (s. w. = 0. 12 ppm) (6019).
Geochemical considerations;
Some of the high values in the "old" literature may be due to
continental drainage (6153). Variations in cation ratios in coastal
waters are real (6014). Rb values may increase in a core, but this
is based on one sample (6150). The Columbia River has Rb values
of the order of 1 fig/l (6249). The rubidium value in the Black Sea
was independent of depth and nearness to shore (6017).
Industrial sources:
Rb is used in making zeolite catalysts and in photoelectric cells (6000).
65
-------
RUBIDIUM continued
Analytical considerations:
Storage in polyethylene is advised (6014). No differences were
found between "acidized and non-acidized" aliquots or between
filtered and non-filtered aliquots (6014).
Conclusions:
Near shore concentrations will probably be around 120 [J.g/1,
with some local variation.
RUTHENIUM
Physico-chemical form:
Ruthenium has many valences and forms complexes easily (6223).
In synthetic seawater, incomplete analytical recoveries of Ru
have been attributed to the formation of complex ions, with nitrite-
ruthenium complexes [Na2(RuClc* NO)] suggested (6138).
Observed distributions:
Biological considerations:
Concentration factors for a flagellate and diatom (Navicula)
ranged from 4000 to 7900 (6000). Algae concentrate Ru-106 by
a factor of 100, Invertebrates by 30. Fish did not concentrate Ru-106
(6001). Algae and invertebrates may concentrate Ru-106 by up to
2000 times (6001).
Geochemical considerations:
Industrial sources:
Ru is used in platinum and palladium alloys, and for coloring
ceramics (6000).
Analytical considerations:
Conclusions:
None.
66
-------
SCANDIUM
Physico-chemical form:
Sc+++, behaving something like Al (6075).
Observed distributions:
All Oceans: Schutz and Turekian found less than 0. 004 |ag/l in
all samples (6141).
Deep Atlantic Ocean: Hogdahl et^ a_L found an average of 0. 0010
fig/1 in 11 samples from comparable locations and depths (6147).
Unspecified: Goldschmidt (6075) found 0. 04 fig/l.
Biological considerations:
Sc is slightly concentrated ( < 5X) in some marine organisms (6075).
Geochemical considerations;
Two hours after mixing filtered river and sea waters, almost com-
plete precipitation of Sc had occurred (6110).
Industrial sources:
Analytical considerations:
Filtration is advisable. Sc is "known to be adsorbed quickly on
most surfaces (6141).
Conclusions:
Scandium is about 0. 001 |J.g/l in the oceans.
SELENIUM
Physico-chemical ,form;
Chau and Riley found that Se (IV) was probable, and that Se (VI)
was experimentally absent (6030). This is in agreement with the
HSeO3~ of McKee and Wolf (6000), but disagrees with Goldberg
67
-------
SELENIUM continued
who suggested SeC>4~~ (6059) and Cotton and Wilkinson who suggest
an aqueous chemistry involving hydrates of H-SeO^ (6179).
Observed distributions:
All Oceans: Schutz and Turekian found 0. 090 |ig/l with a range of
0. 052 to 0. 12 |j,g/l. Long Island Sound had 0. 11 (J.g/1. At3°32'N,
81 "11'W in the Eastern Pacific, the following values were obtained:
(6141)
Depth (m) Se (p.g/1)
14 0. 080
200 0.065
400 0. 12
British Isles: Chau and Riley found 0. 50 ± 0. 02 (j.g/1 in the English
Channel, and 0. 34 ± 0. 01 (j.g/1 in the Irish Sea (6030).
Puget Sound and Northeast Pacific: Byers «5t al. found values the
order of magnitude of 0. 25 (j.g/1 at 46°39'N, 147°47'W at depths of
25, 100, 1000, and 2000 m (6024).
Sea of Japan, Coastal: Ishibashi and Ishibashi_et al. found 4-6
(ig/1 (6077, 6068).
Biological considerations:
Se is "essential for animal life" and is found in seaweeds (6030).
Thought to be associated with amino acids in plants (6024).
Geochemical considerations:
Long Island Sound showed slightly higher values than adjacent
Atlantic Ocean (6141). Puget Sound is marginally higher than the
adjacent Pacific Ocean (6024). Klein states that natural drainage
from soils and rocks can be a major source of selenium "pollution"
(6098).
Industrial sources;
Se is used as pigmentation in paints, dyes, and glass production,
in rectifiers, semi-conductors, and photo-electrical apparatus,
68
-------
SELENIUM continued
in the rubber industry, in alloys, and for insecticide sprays (6000).
Also see land influence above.
Analytical considerations:
Certain compounds of Se encountered in commonly used analysis
methods are volatile, and care is necessary to prevent losses (6030).
Chau and Riley showed that samples filtered and stored in glass or
high-density polyethylene in the dark at 20 °C lost no appreciable
amounts of Se in 1 0 weeks. Autoclaving after filtration does not
affect this result (6181).
Conclusions:
Sea water concentrations are probably around 0. 1 (xg/1, with higher
values near land.
SILVER
Physico-chemical form;
Monovalent silver is complexed by chloride, forming AgCl2 and
Ag CLj"" (6059). AgCU" is probably predominant (61.02).
Observed distributions;
California Coast: Haber found 0. 01 to 0. 29 M-g/l at the entrance to
San Francisco Bay, with a mean value of 0. 07 [J.g/1. Inside the bay,
he found 0. 01 to 3. 1 0 (Jig/1 with a mean of 0. 40 [j.g/1. Haber also
made measurements in the Atlantic, finding 1. 60 p.g/1 at the surface,
0. 10 (J.g/1 at 700 m, and 0. 04 (j.g/1 at 2500 m. Arctic areas were found
to have surface values around 0.400 (J.g/1 with 0. 120 at 400 m and
values only rarely falling below 0.100 |Jtg/l (6154).
All Oceans: Schutz and Turekian found an average value of 0. 29
(j.g/1 with a range of 0. 055 to 1 . 5 (j.g/1. Values in Long Island Sound
ranged from 0. 35 to 19. 6 (j.g/1. In the Eastern Pacific Ocean, the
following average values were found at 3°32'N, 81 "II1 W:
69
-------
SILVER continued
Cfepth (m) Ag (M.g/1).
14 0.20
200 0.13
400 0.28
600 0.17
In the central Pacific, surface values of 0. 19 and 0. 22 \ig/l
were found (6141).
California Coast: Lai and Weiss found 0. 145 ± 0. 006fi g/1 for
surface waters 40 miles due west of San Francisco Bay (61 06).
English Channel: Black and Mitchell found 2. 9 and 2. 1 p.g/1 20
miles offshore in February and <0. 4 (ig/1 one-half mile offshore
in June (6015).
Gullmarsfjord: Noddack and Noddack found 0. 15 (J.g/1 (6121).
Biological considerations:
Some organisms concentrate Ag, but regenerate most in upper
layers. Correlation of high silver values with areas of upwelling
suggest "organic involvement (6141). Concentration factors are
about 80 for marine algae and from 300 to 1000 for marine mammals
(6004).
Geochemical considerations:
Less than 0. 05 [J.g/1 in 5 samples from the Columbia River (6103).
A range of 0. 09 to 0. 15 p.g/1 was found over three different times
of year (6249). Rivers emptying into Long Island Sound are high
in Ag, but near shore removal by sulfides may prevent Ag from
reaching the ocean (6141). Most silver remains in estuaries (6282).
Silver values are much higher near land (6154). Regeneration
from bottom sediments has been suggested, but based on one rele-
vant sample (6141).
Industrial sources;
Used in manufacture of photographic chemicals (6098). It is also
used in jewelry and silverware manufacture, in alloys, for
70
-------
SILVER continued
electroplating, and in processing food and beverages. Nitrates
are used in ink manufacturing, coloring porcelain, and as an
antiseptic (6000).
Analytical considerations:
Filtration is recommended. At pH 3. 5-4. 0 Ag is not adsorbed on
polyethylene (6106). Schutz and Turekian detected no irregularities
in data from samples stored for 6 months in pyrex (6141).
Conclusions:
Silver concentrations are probably around 0. 3 [j.g/1 except in
areas directly affected by runoff.
STRONTIUM
Physico-chemical form:
Sr++ and SrSO4° (6059).
Observed distributions:
Northeast Pacific Ocean: Chow and Thompson found the following
vertical profile at 49°30'N, 138 "14. 5'W in July:
Depth (m) Sr (mg/1)
0
5
50
200
300
750
1000
2000
7.7
7. 8
7.4
8. 0
7. 8
8. 0
7. 5
8. 2
The observed Sr/Cl ratio was 0. 0048 ± 0. 0002. A minimum in
Sr was observed around 1000 m (6038).
Friday Harbor, Washington: Thompson ejt al. found 8. 3 mg/1 in
surface waters. They also found 8. 1 mg/1 in offshore waters of
the Pacific Ocean (6158).
71
-------
STRONTIUM continued
San Juan Islands: Burtner found 7. 66 jag/1 at a chlorinity of 19%o.
In the Arctic Ocean he observed an average of 7-96 jj.g/1 at 35%o
salinity (6218).
Pacific and Indian Oceans: Sugawara and Kawasaki found 8. 1
mg-/l in the Western Pacific with a range of 6. 8 to 9. 8 mg/1.
They found an average of 9. 1 mg/1 at the Cape of Good Hope, and
an average of 8. 7 mg/1 in the Indian Ocean. Filtered seawater
contained 7. 0 to 8. 8 mg Sr/1 while the suspended matter filtered
out represented 0. 1 mg Sr/1 (6206).
All Oceans: Turekian and Schut z found 7. 50 /± 2.76%) mg/1
(6197).
Other studies found from 5. 5 mg/1 in a diluted coastal water (6014)
to 11.8 mg/1 (6096). Most workers found around 7 -8 mg/1 (6002,
6124, 6074, 6015, 6018, 6111).
Biological considerations;
Sr is used primarily in the aragonitic shells of organisms (6107).
Plankton show concentration factors of 8 to 3060, with most Sr
in their hard parts. Marine bacteria concentrate Sr by 100 times
(6000). In the Sargasso Sea, maximum Sr concentrations are
found near the permanent thermocline (6111).
Geochemical considerations;
The Columbia River contianed 30, 112, and 60 fig Sr/1 at three
different times of year (6249). Kopp and Kroner found an average
of 58 (j.g/1 in filtered (<0.45 p.) samples (6251). Three Caribbean
rivers are very low in Sr relative to seawater. There was no
particulate Sr in these rivers (6110). Sr is not adsorbed readily
by soils (6000). No land drainage effect except in directly affected
waters (6002). May be solubility controlled (6102).
Industrial sources:
Sr is used in alloys, in pyrotechnics, in refining beet sugar, in
manufacturing glass and paints, in ceramics, and in some medicines
(6000).
72
-------
STRONTIUM continued
Analytical considerations:
Immediate filtering recommended due to the solubility of some
of the particulate Sr (6111). Storage in polyethylene is preferred
(6014, 6111). Billings and Harriss found no differences between
"acidized and non-acidized," and between filtered and unfiltered
samples (6014).
Conclusions:
The strontium concentration of the oceans is about 8 mg/1 with
local variations.
TANTALUM
Physcio-chemical form:
Observed distributions:
Unspecified: Hamaguchi_et_al. found less than 0. 02 |j.g/l (6066).
Biological considerations:
Geochemical considerations:
Industrial sources;
Analytical considerations:
"known to be adsorbed quickly on most surfaces. . . " (6141).
Conclusions;
None.
THALLIUM
Physico-chemical form:
Tl in solution. May be adsorbed by clay minerals (6144). Strongly
complexed by chloride (6020, 6144).
73
-------
THALLIUM continued
Observed distributions:
Gullmarsfjord; Noddack and Noddack found less than 0. 01 |J.g/l
(6121).
Unspecified: Shaw found less than 0. 02 p.g/1 in seawater, and by
analogy to Rubidium, estimated 0. 002 |J.g/l (6144).
Biological considerations;
Organisms have a significant effect on thallium distributions (6114).
Tl has been detected in kelp (6075), and in marine invertebrates which
show an estimated concentration factor of 100 over seawater (6074).
Geochemical considerations:
Adsorbed on clays. Most is removed near the coast (6144).
Industrial sources;
Used as a poison for small animals (6098).
Analytical considerations;
Although no data exists relative to Tl"'", its geochemical similarity
to K+ and Rb+(6l44) suggests that filtered samples can be stored
without significant effect on the thallium concentration.
Conclusions:
The concentration of thallium in seawater is less than 0. 01 (Jig/1.
TIN
Physico-chemical form:
Possibly Sn2+, complexed by chloride (6020). Probably SnCl+ or
SnCl3 (6179).
74
-------
TIN continued
Observed distributions:
Pacific Ocean: Hamaguchi e_t aU found an average value of 0. 81
(jig/1 for 4 samples taken at 30°N and 139 °30'E to 147 °30'E from
500 m. The range of values was from 0. 30 (j.g/1 to 1. 22 (ig/1 (6067).
English Channel: Black and Mitchell found less than 5 jj.g/1 (6015).
Gullmarsfjord: Noddack and Noddack found 3 fig/1 (6121).
Biological considerations:
Trace amounts are beneficial to fish (6000). Marine animals
average 1.7 ppm content. Marine organisms have enrichment
factors around 2400 (6067).
Geochemical considerations:
The Columbia River had less than 1 (j.g/1 in 30/31 samples over a
four-year period (6103). Tin is not enriched in any environment
over any other (6067).
Industrial sources:
Tin is used as a mordant for reviving colors, dyeing of fabrics,
weighting of silks, and tinning of vessels. Tin chromate is used
in decorating porcelain. Tin oxide is used in glass works, dyes
and houses, and in fingernail polishes. Tin sulfide is used in
laquers and varnishes, in fungicides, insecticides and antihelminthics
(6000).
Analytical considerations:
Conclusions:
Tin concentrations in the oceans are probably around 1 p.g/1.
75
-------
TITANIUM
Physico-chemical form:
From the chemical similarity to silicon, one expects H4TiO4
(6062). However, the actual species may be TiO2' 2H2O in this
case (6179).
Observed distributions:
Washington Coast: Griel and Robinson found 1 -2 |ig/l at 47 °44'30"N,
122°25'30"W (6062).
English Channel: Black and Mitchell found 8 and 9 |Jtg/l 20 miles
offshore in February and 6 |j,g/l one-half m'ile offshore in June (6015).
Gullmarsfjord: Noddack and Noddack found <0. 5 ug/1 (6121).
Biological considerations:
Ti is found in range from 0. 0021 to 0. 032% in diatoms (6062).
Concentration factors for six brown algae range from 200 to 10,000
(6000). 3. 37 to 33. 7 ug/1 Ti were found in the water accompanying
a bloom of Q-ymnodinium brevis off Florida, and thought to be
due to biological concentration (6041).
Geochemical considerations;
The Columbia River contained 2'. 9 , 5. 2, and 2. 1 Ug Ti/1 at three
different times of year (6249).
Industrial sources:
Manufacture of TiO2 and Ti pigments, and use by paper mills of
TiO2 as a "filler" create Ti wastes (6098). Ti is used in alloys,
paint pigments, as a mordant in the dyeing industry, in electronics
manufacturing, and in the glass and ceramic industries (6000).
Analytical considerations:
Conclusions:
The sea water concentration of titanium may be around 1 (j.g/1,
and may be considerably influenced by land drainage.
76
-------
TUNGSTEN
Physico-chemical form:
Anionic (6102). WC«4~~(6059).
Observed distributions:
Pacific Ocean, Japan: Ishibashi and Ishibashi jg_t_a_l. found 0. 09
to 0. 10 (jig/1 (6077) and 0. 12 (j.g/1 offshore (6087).
Biological considerations:
Seawater concentration "possibly" controlled by organic reactions
(6102).
Geochemical considerations:
Ca, Mg, and Fe salts are "insoluble" (6000). W is very effectively
removed from seawater (6102).
Industrial sources:
W is used in metallurgy, in filaments for incandescent lights, as
a plating material, for fireproofing and waterproofing fabrics, in
pigment production, and in phonograph needles (6000).
Analytical considerations:
Conclusions:
Sea water may contain about 0. 1 (J-g/1 of tungsten.
VANADIUM
Physico-chemical form:
"still in some doubt" (6117). Chiefly H^VO. , but perhaps some
H3V2°7~ (6102)- V02(OH)3-- (6059).
77
-------
VANADIUM continued
Observed distributions:
Pacific Ocean, Japan: Ishibashi and Ishibashi et aL found 2. 6
to 4. 6 (j.g/1 (6077) and 3 to 4 (ig/1 in offshore areas (6089)
English Cannel: Morris found 0. 86 ± 0. 14 (j.g/1 (6117). Samples
were filtered. Black and Mitchell found 2. 4 and 2. 7 (Jtg/1 20
miles offshore in February and 5 and 7 (j.g/1 one-half mile offshore
in June (6015).
Irish Sea: Chan and Riley found 1.82 ± 0. 05 [J.g/1. Samples were
filtered (6029).
Black Sea: Zhavoronkina found 0. 63 (j.g/1 (6178) in surface waters.
Unspecified: Ernst and Hermann found 0. 2 to 0. 4 |J.g/l (6049).
Gullmarsfjord: Noddack and Noddack found less than 0. 3 [ig/1 (6121).
Biological considerations:
"possible that vanadium is an essential micronutrient for all green
plants" (6000). Organo-vanadium compounds are found in Ascidians
and Tunicates and seaweeds (6029). Vanadium is removed from
seawater into the biosphere (6021). V is one of the elements
showing greatest enrichment in organic sediments (6102). Biogeneous
V was about equal to lithogeneous in a stagnant fjord (6185).
Geochemical considerations:
30/31 samples taken in the Columbia River over a four-year
period had less than 2 |J.g/l (6103). V is very effectively removed
from seawater (6102),
Industrial sources:
V is used in metallurgy, glass manufacturing, photography, and
dyeing and printing fabrics (6000).
78
-------
VANADIUM continued
Analytical considerations:
Filtration is recommended (61 17). No losses were observed in
filtered samples stored in the dark for 16 days in pyrex or high
density polyethylene. There was a 3% loss on soda glass bottles
(6029).
Con clus ions:
Vanadium concentrations in sea water may be around 1 fig/1.
YTTRIUM
Physico-chemical form:
Behaves somewhat like Al, [Y(OH)o] (6075). Mainly particulate
(6061 ) but this data is questioned as being a non-equilibrium
observation.
Observed distributions:
Unspecified: 0. 3 (j.g/1 (6075).
Central Atlantic: Hogdahl £t a_l. found 0. 0133 (j.g/1 in North Atlantic
deep water (6147).
Biological considerations:
Most marine organisms have concentration factors around unity.
Corals have quite high Y concentrations (6075).
Geochemical considerations:
Analytical considerations:
Filtration recommended (see Physico-chemical form).
Conclusions:
Sea water concentration of yttrium may be around 0. 01 |j.g/l.
79
-------
ZINC
Physico-chemical form:
". . .predominantly in the free, divalent, cationic form" (6117).
Some ZnCl+ (6102), ZnSO4° (6059). Organic complexes are indi-
cated (6137,6275). Associated with filterable particulate matter
(6011). Baric and Branica determined Zn++ and ZnOH+as the
chief species (6099).
Observed distributions:
Northeast Pacific Ocean: Buffo found averages of 22 |j,g/l at the
surface, 15 |j,g/l at 10 m, 12 p.g/1 at 20 m, 10 (j.g/1 at 50 m, 10 |ag/l
at 1 00 m, 7.7 (j.g/1 at 1 50 m, and 7. 1 (j.g/1 at 300 m. Samples
are thought to have been contaminated by the"sampling apparatus
(6175).
Atlantic and Pacific Oceans: Fabricand _e_t a_L found 0. 59 to 0.72
|j,g/l in unfiltered samples from 500 to 1600 ft. in the Atlantic.
At 32°40'N, 117°36'W, they found 0.60 fig/1 in surface waters (6050).
Japan, Coastal: Morita found 2,8 to 11.7 fo.g/1 (ave. 5. 6 (ig/1) in
Tokyo and Ise Bays and Misaki Channel (6114). Values in Sagami
and Suruga Bays tended to increase with depth. In the Kuroshio
in May, they found 1. 3 and 1. 5 jig/1 (6155, 6116).
Pacific Ocean; New Zealand: Brooks found surface values averaging
39 p.g/1. Samples were filtered and oxidized (6189).
Other investigators found from 3 to 25 (j.g/1 zinc (6224, 6177, 6117,
6015, 6188, 6121 , and 6012).
Biological considerations;
"Many biological functions" concentrate Zn in organisms (6137).
Concentrations of 150,000 |j,g/l are found in marine plants and
1,500,000 (j.g/1 in marine animals (6004). Shellfish concentrate
Zn up to 100,000 times (6000). See also Rice (6230).
Geochemical considerations:
A mean value for samples from the Columbia River is 22 p.g/1 (6251).
Values higher than oceanic values have been noted in Japanese bays
80
-------
ZINC continued
(6116) in closed basins of the Gulf Coast (6137) and in an enclosed
"seawater lake" (6177). Three Caribbean rivers gave values 1 to
5 times oceanic values of dissolved ( < 0. 45 |JL) Zn, but particulate
Zn runs up to 30 times oceanic soluble Zn values (6110). Two or
three hours after mixing filtered sea and river waters, almost
all Zn had precipitated (6110). Zn is "strongly" and permanently
adsorbed on silt (6000).
Industrial sources:
Zinc from zinc mine wastes, factories making Zn compounds, zinc
plating wastes, galvanizing wastes, viscose rayon wastes, and rubber
manufacturing wastes (6098). Zn is used in alloys, for electrical
purposes, in printing plates, in dye manufacturing and dyeing
processes, in paint pigments, cosmetics, pharmaceutics, and
insecticides. The chloride is used in deodorants, disinfectants,
embalming materials, and in manufacture of paper, dye and glues.
The sulfate is used in calico printing, wood and skin preservation,
and for electroplating (6000).
Analytical considerations:
Samples should be filtered. Storage in pyrex for two years produced
no data anomalies (6141).
Conclusions:
Zinc concentrations in sea water vary widely around 10 |J.g/l.
ZIRCONIUM
Physico-chemical form;
Zr probably exists as ZrO in aqueous solution (6179). The
carbonate, hydroxide, oxide, and silicate of Zr (IV) are highly
insoluble (6000). "Essentially particulate" "insoluble hydrated
oxides" (6061), but this may not be the state in natural seawater.
Formation of colloids, extensive hydrolysis, and polymerization
complicate behavior. Strongly coprecipitated and adsorbed (6226).
81
-------
ZIRCONIUM continued
Observed distributions;
Pacific Ocean: Shigematsu and coworkers found 0. Oil to 0. 041
(ig Zr/1 in seawater near Japan (6145).
Biological considerations;
Zr apparently has "relatively little biological significance in the
sea. " Particulate fallout Zr^5 is concentrated only by second
trophic level animals, i.e. , some copepods, euphausiids. pteropods,
and salps (6226, 6183). Concentration factors are 1 x 103 for algae,
1.5x10 for invertebrates (6001), and about 2500 to 1 0, 000 for
"shells and seaweeds" based on the ash weight (6145). Marine
plants contain up to 20 ppm Zr (s. w. = 0. 000022 ppm). Zr is
accumulated by plankton. Marine animals contain from 0. 1 to 1
ppm (6019). Concentrations between 0.34 and 3.4 mg Zr/1 were
recorded during a bloom of Gynodinium off Florida. These Zr
values were not drainage affected, and are thought to be Zr
"concentrated by the organisms of the mass bloom. " Samples
were not, evidently, filtered (6041).
Geochemical considerations;
Industrial sources:
Zr is used in metallurgy, electronics manufacturing, as shielding
for nuclear reactors, in tanneries, as a pigment in plastics, and
in the ceramic and glass industries (6000).
Analytical considerations;
Adheres to glassware (6226).
Conclusions;
Zirconium concentrations may be around 0. 1 to 0. 4 (j.g/1.
82
-------
The Toxicity of Trace Metals Toward Marine Species
This study brings together literature on the toxicity of trace metals
toward specific marine organisms. Information from reviews by
Doudoroff and Katz (6235) and McKee and Wolf (6000) was
supplemented with a search of the literature up to the present.
The data are presented as follows:
Generic name specific name (common name) reference number
concentration effect on the duration of other pertinent
of toxicant organism, TLm, exposure factors
killed, etc.
In addition to the elements for which data are presented, the search
covered the elements:
Antimony Niobium Selenium
Beryllium Osmium Tantalum
Bismuth Palladium Technecium
Cesium Platinum Tellurium
Gallium Polonium Thallium
Germanium Rhenium Titanium
Gold Rhodium Vanadium
Hafnium Rubidium Yttrium
Indium Ruthenium Zirconium
Irridium Scandium
The data are presented alphabetically by element, and alphabetically
by species name within each element.
83
-------
ALUMINUM
(bacteria)
132 ppm wiped out
44 ppm 50% mortality
Crassostrea virginica (oyster)
88 ppm not toxic
Cynoscion nebulosus (speckled trout)
44 ppm not toxic
Cyprinodon variegatus (sheepshead minnow)
44 ppm not toxic
Fundulus grandis (grand killifish)
88 ppm
Fundulus
not toxic
similis (Gulf killifish)
44 ppm not toxic
Mugil cephalus (mullet)
88 ppm toxic
Penaeus setiferus (shrimp)
44 ppm
Sciaenops
44 ppm
5.3 mg/1
780 mg/1
probably not toxic
ocellatus (redfish)
not toxic
ARSENIC
(pink salmon)
"extremely harmful"
BARIUM
(fish)
tolerance limit
96 hours
72 hours
1 1 days
14 days
1 1 days
1 1 days
1 1 days
1 day
21 days
1 1 days
8 days
48 hours
6207
A1C13
Aids
6207
A1C13
6207
A1C13
6207
A1C13
6207
A1C13
6207
A1C13
6207
A1C13
6207
A1C13
6207
A1C13
6004
As2°3
6235
BaCl2
84
-------
CADMIUM
(fish)
6235
17 mg/1
tolerance limit
Crassostrea virginica (Eastern oyster)
0.2 mg/1 TLm
0.1 mg/1 TLm
Fundulus heteroclitus (mummichog)
"highly toxic"
Mya arenaria (soft-shell clam)
0. 1 ppm apparently not toxic
48 hours
8 week
1 5 week
56 days
6004
Cd(NO3)2
Cd(NO3)2
6235
6131
CHLORINE
1 0 ppm
2. 5 ppm
1 ppm
1 0 ppm
2. 5 ppm
1 ppm
(anemones)
6243
killed
killed
all alive
(barnacles]
killed
killed
a few survivors
(clams}
0. 3-0. 5 mg/1 no effect
(packing procedure)
1 mg/1
slowly kills
(fouling animals)
(marine fish)
1 mg/1
10 mg/1
slight irritant activity
violent irritant activity
Botryllus sp. (tunicate)
1 0 ppm killed
4 days
8 days
15 days
3 days
4 days
15 days
24 hours
1 day
6243
6000
6250
6000
6243
85
-------
CHLORINE continued
Bugula sp. (bryozoan) 6243
10 ppm killed 1 day
2.5 ppm killed 2 days
Crassostrea virginica (oysters) 6000
0.01 -0.05 mg/1 pumping activity reduced
1 mg/1 effective pumping impossible
Elminius modestus (barnacle nauplii) 6268
2 ppm majority killed
Macrocystis pyrifera (giant kelp) 6000
1. 0 mg/1 no effect - 5 days
5-10 mg/1 10-1 5% photosynthesis
reduction 2 days
5-10 mg/1 50-70% photosynthesis
reduction 5-7 days
Molgula sp. (ascidian) 6243
10 ppm killed 1 day
2. 5 ppm killed 1 day
1 ppm killed 3 days
Mytilus edulis (adult mussels) 6243
10 ppm killed 5 days
2.5 ppm killed 5 days
1 ppm killed 15 days
Qstrea edulis (oyster larvae) 6268
10 ppm unharmed
CHROMIUM
(oyster) 6004
10-12 |Jig/l some mortality 2 years
Carcinus maenas (shore crab) 6203
40-60 ppm threshold 12 days CrO4"
Fundulus heteroclitus (mummichog) 6235
200 ppm non-toxic 1 week or
longer 2 ;
86
-------
CHROMIUM continued
Leander squilla (prawn, small)
5 ppm threshold 12 days
Macrocystis pyrifera (giant kelp)
1 rng/1 photosynthesis
diminished 10-20% 5 days
Nereis virens (polychaete worm)
1 ppm threshold 5 weeks
Nereis virens (polychaete worm)
0. 2 mg/1 similar to controls 20 weeks
6203
Cr+6
6000
6203,
Cr+6
6004
COBALT
(fish)
125 mg/1 tolerance limit
Fundulus heteroclitus (mummichog)
200 ppm non-toxic
48 hours
6235
CoCL
L
6235
Cod-
COPPER
(algae, green)
0. 01 ppm
lethal
(bacteria, marine)
1.3 mg Cu/1 inhibited growth of 1.4%
of organisms
(fish, marine)
0. 56 mg Cu/1 "minimum lethal
concentration"
6-7 mg/1 kills
3.3 mg/1 tolerance limit
(fouling animals)
(fish, marine)
48 hours
6019
6262
6000
CuNO,
6250
CuSO4
6235
87
-------
COPPER continued
(oysters)
6000
0.1-0.5mg/l toxic
(oysters)
0. 13-0.5 mg/1 unfit as food for humans
(oysters)
1.0 ppm no mortalities 96 hours
1.9 ppm TLm 96 hours
Acartia clausi (copepod)
0. 5 mg Cu/1 50% mortality 13 hours
Acmaea scabra var. lima tula (mollusk)
0.10 ppm lethal 3 days
Artemia salina (brine shrimp larvae)
100 mg/1 50% kill 92 hours
Astraea undosa (mollusk)
0. 05 ppm 100% mortality 14 days
Balanus balanoides (adult barnacles)
0.42 mg/1 lethal 2 days
Balanus balanoides (adult barnacles)
Balanus eburneus
0. 06 mg/1 not toxic 2 weeks or
more
Balanus crenatus (adult barnacles)
Balanus balanoides
10 mg/1 killed 2 hours
Balanus crenatus (barnacle nauplii)
Balanus balanoides
30 mg/1 killed 2 hours
Balanus eburneus (barnacle nauplii)
0.06 mg/1 lethal 22 hours
6000
6257
6241
Citrate
6255
6241
Citrate
6255
6238
CuCO3
6238
Citrate
6236
CuSO4
6236
CuSO4
6238
Citrate
88
-------
COPPER continued
Balanus eburneus (adult barnacles)
0. 28 mg/1
0. 14 mg/1
0. 55 mg/1
0. 14 mg/1
0. 90 mg/1
0.45 mg/1
0. 50 mg/1
lethal
lethal
lethal
lethal
lethal
lethal
lethal
Balanus improvisus Darwin (barnacle)
10 mg/1 60% lost sensitivity to
stimulants
20% eventually died
Balanus improvisus ( ? ) (barnacle cyprids)
23 mg/1 not toxic (did not interfere
with metamorphosis)
Bugula neritina (fouling organism)
0. 2 mg/1 retard growth
0.3 mg/1 kill larvae
Bugula neritina L. (bryozoan larvae)
3.81 mg Cu/1 50% mortality
Carcinus maenas (shore crab)
1-2 ppm threshold
Coccochloris elabens (phy to plankton)
0. 048 ppm toxic (no growth)
0. 027 ppm toxic (no growth
Cyclotella nana (phytoplankton)
0. 24 ppm toxic (no growth)
0. 1 6 ppm toxic (no growth)
2 days
5 days
2 days
5 days
2 days
5 days
5 days
3 days
1 day
1 day
2 hours
11-12 days
8 days,30°C
8 days, 40 °C
8 days,20°C
8 days,30°C
6238
CuCO3
CuCO3
Citrate
Citrate
Salicylate
Salicylate
Para amino-
benzoate
6250
CuSO4
6238
Citrate
6237
Cu++
6247
Citrate
pH 7. 0-*
6203
. 2
6240
Cultured
Static
CuSO4,EDTA
6240
CuSO4,EDTA
Cultured
Static
Bacterially
contaminated
89
-------
COPPER continued
Dunaliella tertiolecta (phytoplankton)
0. 50 ppm toxic (no growth)
Elminius modestus (barnacle larvae)
10 mg/1 50% kill
Exuviaella sp. (phytoplankton)
0. 045 ppm toxic (no growth)
0. 026 ppm toxic (no growth)
8 days
24 hours
8 days,20°C
8 days,30°C
6240
35 °C cultured,
Static
CuSO4, EDTA
6241
Citrate
6240
Cultured
Static
CuS04,EDTA
Bacterially
contaminated
Fundulus heteroclitus (mummichog)
30 ppm tolerated
4 days
Fusinus kobelti (mollusk)
0. 20 ppm 100% mortality 8 days
0. 10 ppm less than 100% mortality 60 days
Galeolaria caespitosa Lamarck (tubeworm larvae)
2.86 mg Cu/1 50% mortality 2 hours
Glenodinium foliaceum (phytoplankton)
0. 052 ppm toxic (no growth)
0. 031 ppm toxic (no growth)
Glenodinium sp. (phytoplankton)
0. 048 ppm toxic (no growth)
0. 029 ppm toxic (no growth)
Gymnodinium breve (dinoflagellate)
0. 05 ppm toxic
8 days,20°C
8 days,30°C
8 days, 20°C
8 days, 30°C
6235
CuSO4
6255
6247
Citrate
pH 7. 0-8. 2
6240
Cultured
Static
CuSO4, EDTA
Bacterially
contaminated
6240
Cultured
Static
CuSO EDTA
6240
90
-------
COPPER continued
Gymnodinium breve (plankton)
30 ppb min. lethal
Gymnodinium. brevis (algae, red-tide organisms)
0. 1 mg Cu/1 lethal
Haliotis fulgens (mollusk)
0. 10 ppm i 00% mortality 3 days
0.05 ppm less than 100% mortality 30 days
I schno chiton conspicuus (mollusk)
0. 1 5 ppm 1 00% mortality 10 days
0. 10 ppm less than 100% mortality 60 days
Leander squilla (prawn, small)
0. 5 ppm threshold 21 days
Littorina irrorata ( snail)
510 |ag/l tolerate with "temporary
minor discomfort"
Macrocystis pyrifera (giant kelp)
0. 1 mg/1 visible injury 10 days
0. 1 mg/1 50% photosynthesis
inhibition 2-5 days
Marinogammarus marinus (amphipod crustacean)
5 mg/1 not toxic 100 hours
Mercierella enigmatica (polychaete)
0.32 mg/1 "significant response"
Mya arenaria (soft-shell clam)
0. 02 ppm least toxic cone, studied 8 days
Mytilus californianus (mussel)
0. 20 ppm 100% mortality 2 days
0. 15 ppm less than 100% mortality 30 days
0. 10 ppm less than 100% mortality 60 days
6252
6262
6255
6255
6203
6252
6000
CuSC>4,
CuSO4, CuCl2
6245
in sea water
6000
CuSO4
6131
6255
91
-------
COPPER continued
Mytilus edulis (mussel)
0. 55 mg/1
0. 14 mg/1
0. 08 mg/1
0. 04 mg/1
0. 02 mg/1
killed
killed
killed
some mortality
no mortality
Mytilus edulis (mussel)
0. 20 ppm 100% mortality
0. 10 ppm less than 100% mortality
1 2 hours
1 day
2 days
3 days
4 days
17 days
35 days
6238
Citrate
-Citrate
Citrate
Citrate
Citrate
6255
Mytilus edulis (mussel) 6000
0.32 mg/1 "significant response"
Mytilus edulis planulatus Lamarck (bivalve mollusc larvae)
22. 2 mg Cu/1 50% mortality 2 hours
Neosphaeroma oregonensis (isopod)
0.02 mg/1 "significant response'
Nereis virens (polychaete worm)
0. 1 ppm threshold
Nitocra spinipes (harpactacid copepod)
26 mg Cu/1 42. 5% mortality
Nitzschia closterium (phy to plankton)
0. 20 ppm toxic (no growth)
0. 14 ppm toxic (no growth)
Paphia staminea var. laciniata (mollusk)
1 ppm non lethal
3 ppm 'X-50% lethal
Perigonimus me gas Kinne (hydroid)
10 mg Cu/1 100% fatal
1 mg Cu/1 98% fatal
21 days
24 hours
8 days, 20°C
8 days,30°C
30 days
^60 days
1 day
2 days
CuSO4
6247
Citrate
pH 7. 0-8. 2
6000
CuSO4
6203
6246
CuSO4
6240
CuSC-4
EDTA
Cultured
Static
6255
6250
CuSO^
CuSO'
92
-------
COPPER continued
Prorocentrum sp. (plankton)
26 fig/1 60% mortality
Pseudomomas aetuginosa (bacteria)
23 g/1 lethal
Skeletonema costatum (phytoplankton)
0. 26 ppm toxic (no growth)
0. 17 ppm toxic (no growth)
< 1 day
8 days, 20 °C
8 days,30°C
6252
in the field
6253
6240
CuSO4,EDTA ,
Cultured,
Static,
Bacterially
contaminated
Spirorbis lamellosa Lamarck (tubeworm larvae)
0. 51 mg/1 50% mortality 2 hours
Staphlococcus aureus (bacteria)
18 g/1 lethal
Tegula gallina (mollusk)
0. 10 ppm 100% mortality
0. 05 ppm less than 100% mortality
Tegula viridula var. ligulata (mollusk)
0. 10 ppm 100% mortality
0. 05 ppm less than 100% mortality
Thallassiosira fluviatilis (phytoplankton)
0. 28 ppm toxic (no growth)
0. 18 ppm toxic (no growth)
15 days
60 days
25 days
60 days
8 days,20°C
8 days,30°C
6247
Citrate
pH 7. 0-8. 2
6253
6255
6255
6240
CuSO4,EDTA
Cultured,
Static.
Watersipora cucullata Busk (bryozoan larvae)
0. 57 mg Cu/1 50% mortality 2 hours
6247
Citrate
pH 7. 0-8. 2
IRON
(fish)
14 mg/1
tolerance limit
48 hours
6235
Fe+++Cl-
93
-------
IRON continued
Fundulus heteroclitus (killifish)
ZOO ppm non-toxic
1-2 weeks
6235
ferric
ammonium
citrate
LEAD
Crassostrea virginica (Eastern oyster)
0. 2 ppm not toxic
Crassostrea virginica (Eastern oyster)
TL
m
0. 5 mg/1
0.3 mg/1
0.1-0. 2 mg/1 noticeable tissue changes
Macrocystis pyrifera (giant kelp)
4, 1 mg/1 no deleterious effects on
rate of photosynthesis
Mya arenaria (soft-shell clam)
0. 2 ppm apparently not toxic
Pleuronectes platessa (plaice, embryos)
4 ppm no effect
Psammechinus miliavis (sea urchin)
200 mg/1 egg abnormalities
49 days
1 2 weeks
-1 8 weeks
12 weeks
4 days
84 days
6131
PbCl2
PbCl2
PbCl,
6000
6131
6235
6000
Pb(N03)2
300 mg/1
LITHIUM
(fish)
tolerance limit
48 hours
6235
LiCl
300 mg/1
MANGANESE
(fish)
limit of tolerance
Fundulus heteroclitus (killifish)
200 ppm non-toxic
48 hours
1 -2 weeks
6235
MnCl2
6235
94
-------
MERCURY
0. 02 mg/1
lethal
(bivalve larvae'
(marine fish)
0. 29 mg/1
tolerance limit
(fish)
as Cl~ increases, toxicity decreases
(phytoplankton)
0.9-60 mg/1 min. lethal cone.
Acartia clausi ( copepod)
0. 05 mg/1 50% mortality
0. 05 mg/1 50% mortality
Artemia salina (brine shrimp larvae)
20 mg/1 50% mortality
3 mg/1 50% mortality
Artemia salina L. (brine shrimp larvae]
1810 mg/1 50% mortality
Balamis balanoides (adult barnacle)
1.0 mg/1 lethal
0. 5 mg/1 lethal
Balanus improvisus ( ? ) ( cyprid barnacles )
3. 3 mg/1 did not interfere with
metamorphosis
Bugula neritina L. (bryozoan larvae)
0. 2 mg Hg/1 50% mortality
48 hours
2. 5 hours
2. 3 hours
57 hours
1 3 hours
2 hours
2 days
5 days
2 hours
Crassostrea commercialis Iredale and Roughley (bivalve
mollusk larvae)
181 mg Hg/1 50% mortality 2 hours
6000
HgCl2
6235
HgCl2 t
6235
HgCl2
6000
Hg++
6241
HgCl2
HgI2
6241
HgCl2
HgI2
6247
HgCl2
pH 1, 8-8. 2
6238
HgCl2
HgCl2
6238
HgCl7
6247
HgClz
pH 7. 8-i
6247
. 2
HgCl2
pH 7.8-8. 2
95
-------
MERCURY continued
Elminius modestus (barnacle larvae)
1. 5 mg Hg/1 50% mortality
1. 5 mg Hg/1 50% mortality
6 hours
3. 2 hours
6241
HgCl2
Galeolaria caespitosa Lamarck (tubeworm larvae)
1. 2 mg Hg/1 50% mortality 2 hours
Macrocystis pyrifera (giant kelp)
0. 05 mg Hg/1 50% photosynthesis
decrease
0.1 mg Hg/1 1 5% photosynthesis
decrease
0. 1 mg Hg/1 inactivation
4 days
1 day
4 days
Marinogammarus marinus (amphipod crustacean)
15 mg/1 mean activity time 12 hours
5 mg/1 mean activity time 85 hours
Mytilus edulis planulatus Lamarck (bivalve mollusc larvae)
13. 1 mg Hg/1 50% mortality 2 hours
Nitocra spinipes (harpactacid copepod)
0. 60 mg Hg/1 50% mortality 24 hours
4.4 mg Hg/1 100% mortality 24 hours
Spirorbis lamellosa Lamarck (tubeworm larvae)
0. 14 mg Hg/1 50% mortality 2 hours
Watersipora cucullata (Busk) (bryozoan larvae)
0. 1 mg Hg/1 50% mortality 2 hours
6247
HgCl2
pH 7. 8-8. 2
6000
HgCl2
HgCl2
HgCl2
6245
HgCl2
HgCl2
6247
HgCl2
pH 7. 8-8. 2
6246
HgCl2
HgCl2
6247
HgCl2
pH 7.8-8. 2
6247
HgCl2
pH 7.8-8. 2
MOLYBDENUM
[oysters
0.010-0,012 mg/1 some mortality
2 years
6004
96
-------
NICKEL
125 mg/1
(fish)
tolerance limit
(oysters)
0.121 mg/1 considerable mortality
(oysters)
0. 010-0. 012 mg/1 some mortality
48 hours
long term
2 years
Fundulus heteroclitus (killifish) (mummichog)
100 ppm Ni tolerated 2 weeks
200 ppmNi tolerated 1-2 weeks
Macrocystis pyrifera (giant kelp)
1.31 mg Zn/1 no effect
13. 1 mg Zn/1 50% photosynthesis
reduction 4 days
6235
NiCl,
i
6004
6004
6235
NiCl,
NiCl-
6000
ZnSO
ZnSO,
'4
SILVER
Balanus balanoides (adult barnacles)
0.4 mg/1 lethal
0. 2 mg/1 lethal
2 days
5 days
6238
Ag2S04
Ag2SO,t
STRONTIUM
1500 mg/1
(fish)
tolerance limit
48 hours
6235
SrCL
TIN
0. 002 ppm
(green algae)
lethal
6019
Sn++
97
-------
ZINC
(marine fish)
8.4 mg/1
tolerance limit
48 hours
Balanus balanoides (adult barnacles)
32 mg/1 lethal 2 days
8 mg/1 lethal 5 days
Balanus improvisus Darwin (barnacle)
"lO mg/1 70% kill 5 days
Bugula neritina L. (bryozoan larvae)
5, 2 mg Zn/1 50% mortality 2 hours
Fundulus heteroclitus (killifish)
200 ppm non-toxic 1 -2 weeks
Macrocystis pyrifera (giant kelp)
1.31 mg Zn/1 no effect 4 days
10 mg 7n.fl 50% "inactivation" 4 days
Nitzschia sp. (diatom)
0. 25 mg/1 reduction of division rate
Perigonimus me gas Kinne (hydroid)
10 mg/1 93% fatal 3 days
Perigonimus me gas Kinne (hydroid)
20 mg/1 fatal 1 day
10 mg/1 36% fatal 3 days
Psammechinus miliavis ( sea urchins)
0. 16 mg/1 egg abnormalities
Spirorbis lamellosa Lamarck (tubeworm larvae)
4.9 mg -7n.fi 50% mortality 2 hours
Watersipora cucullata Busk (bryozoan larvae)
32. 6 mg 7n/l 50% mortality 2 hours
6235
ZnCl2
6238
Zn(NO3)2
Zn(NO,)7
J L*
6250
ZnO
6247
Citrate
pH 7. 6-8. 0
6235
ZnSO4
6000
ZnSO4
ZnSO4
6224
ZnSO4
6250
ZnO
6250
1 /2 salicylamide
1/2 cichloro-
salicylamide
6000
ZnS04
6247
Citrate
pH 7.6-8. 0
6247
Citrate
pH 7. 6-8. 0
98
-------
APPENDIX 5. PESTICIDE TOXICITIES
by Stephen W. Hager
Toxicities of Pesticides to Marine Organisms
Toxic levels of some common pesticides (insecticides) to marine
organisms are presented in the following tables. These tables are
by no means complete. The reader is referred to studies by Butler
(6044), Eisler (6048), and Ukeles (6101) for the effects of some less
well-known pesticides, and to the review by Johnson (6072) on the
effects of pesticides on fishes.
Use of the data presented here is complicated by several factors.
Differences in the toxicities of similar compounds to one species,
and differences in the susceptibilities of similar species to a certain
compound make generalization difficult (6072). In addition, problems
in methodology, particularly those relating to application of water-
soluble insecticides, make inter comparisons of studies doubtful (6101).
Finally, the inapplicability of laboratory data to the field has been
demonstrated (6072).
Data are presented for the chlorinated hydrocarbons, Aldrin, DDT,
Dieldrin, Endrin, Heptachlor, Lindane, Methoxychlor, Sevin (and
1 -Napthol.its breakdown product), and Toxaphene, and for the organo-
phosphate insecticides Malathion, Methyl parathion, Parathion, and
Phosdrin. Species are arranged alphabetically under each insecti-
cide heading.
The form of the data is as follows:
Generic name specific name (common name) reference number
concentration effect on the duration of other pertinent
of toxicant organism; TL^ exposure factors
killed, etc.
99
-------
Page
Aldrin 101
DDT 101
Bleldrin . 103
Endrin 104
Heptachlor 104
Lindane 105
Methoxychlor 105
Sevin 106
1-Naphthol 107
Toxaphene 108
Malathion 108
Methyl Parathion 109
Parathion 109
PhosdrinR 110
-------
ALDRIN
Crangon septemspinosa Say (sand shrimp)
8ng/l LCt;n 96 hours
Crassostrea virginica (oyster)
0. 025 mg/1 50% decrease in shell growth 96 hours
Crassostrea virginica (oyster)
0.055 mg/1 EC50 96 hours
50% decrease in shell growth
Leiostomus xanthurus (juvenile spot)
0. 0055 mg/1 EC 48 hours
Pa gurus longicarpus Say (hermit crab )
33|jLg/l LCqn 9^ hours
6048
24%0sal. 20°C
6044
27%osal. 30 °C
6044
I9%osal. 11 °C
6044
28%osal. 24"C
6048
24%osal. 20°C
Palaemone te s vulgaris Say (grass shrimp)
9 nig/1 LC5Q
96 hours
6048
24%osal. 20 °C
10 ppb
0. 025 mg/1
1. 0 mg/1
DDT
("typical neritic phytoplankton
community")
ca. 40%photosynthesis 24 hours
inhibition
(oyster larvae)
interferred with growth
lethal
Artemia salina (Leach) (brine shrimp)
0. 012 mg/1 TLm
0. 142 mg/1 TL,
m
Balanus improvisus Darwin (barnacle)
100 mg/1 100% mortality
Chlorella sp. (plankton)
1. 00 ppm no growth inhibition
4 days
5 hours
5 hours
4 days
1 0 days
6057
ethanolic
solution
6085
6081
larvae 27. 5°C
adults 27. 5°C
6250
6101
colloidal
solution
101
-------
DDT continued
Coccolithus huxleyi (coccolithophore)
1 0 ppb ca. 25% photosynthesis
inhibition
Crangon septemspinosa Say (sand shrimp)
0.6|ig/l
24 hours
96 hours
Cyprinodon variegatus (juvenile sheepshead minnow)
0. 005 mg/1 EC 48 hours
10 days
48 hours
10 days
96 hours
96 hours
24 hours
4 days
10 days
Dunaliella euchlora (plankton-flagellate)
0. 02 ppm 17% growth inhibition
Leiostomus xanthurus (juvenile spot)
0.002 mg/1 EC50~
Monochrysis lutheri (plankton-flagellate)
0. 02 ppm 43% growth inhibition
Pa gurus longicarpus Say (hermit crab)
6 jj.g/1
Pa la e mon e te s vulgaris Say (grass shrimp)
2. On.g/1
Peridinium trochoideum (dinof lagellate)
10 ppb ca. 50% photosynthesis
inhibition
Perigonimus me gas Kinne (hydroid)
100 mg/1 50% killed
Phaeodactylum tricornutum (plankton -diatom)
0. 04 ppm 9% growth inhibition
6057
ethanolic
solution
6048
p,p' -DDT
24%0sal. 20°C
6044
25%0sal. 9°C
6101
colloidal
solution
6044
20%osal. 12°C
6101
colloidal
solution
6048
p,p'-DDT
24%osal. 20°C
6048
p,p' -DDT
24%0sal. 20 °C
6057
ethanolic
solution
6250
6101
colloidal
solution
102
-------
DDT continued
Protococcus sp. (plankton)
. 60 ppm 50% growth inhibition
10 days
6101
colloidal
solution
Pyramimonas sp. (green alga)
10 ppb ca. 1 5% photosynthesis
inhibition
24 hours
6057
ethanolic
solution
Ske le tone ma costatum (diatom)
10 ppb ca. 25% photosynthesis
inhibition
24 hours
6057
ethanolic
solution
DIELDRIN
__ (mullet)
0. 050 mg/1 100% mortality
0. 050 mg/1 100% mortality
Artemia salina (Leach) (brine shrimp)
0. 595 mg/1 TLm
1.172 mg/1 TLm
Crangon septemspinosa Say (sand shrimp)
7 jig/1 LC50
Crassostrea virginica (oyster)
0.034 mg/1 50% decrease in shell growth
Crassostrea^ virginica (oyster)
0. 1 mg/1 decreased activity
Crassostrea virginica (oyster)
0.44 mg/1 50% decrease in shell growth
Leiostomus xanthurus (juvenile spot)
0. 0055 mg/1 EC
Pa gurus longicarpus Say (hermit crab)
18 |ig/l LC50
5 hours
24 hours
5 hours
5 hours
6076
small
large
6081
larvae
adults
hcmrs
96 hours
2 weeks
96 hours
48 hours
hours
6048
24%0sal. 20 °C
6048
25%0sal. 22 °C
6076
6048
20%0sal. 11 "C
6044
25%0sal. 12°C
6048
24%osal. 20 °C
103
-------
DIELDRIN continued
Palaemonetes vulgaris Say (grass shrimp)
96 hours
6048
24%0sal. 20°C
ENDRIN
Crangon septemspinosa Say (sand shrimp)
1.7 fig/1 LC
Crassostrea virginica (oyster)
0. 033 mg/1 50% decrease in shell growth
Crassostrea virginica (oyster)
0.40 mg/1 50% decrease in shell growth
Leiostomus xanthurus (juvenile spot)
0. 0006 mg/1
Pagurus longicarpus Say (hermit crab)
12 (j.g/1 LC
Palaemonetes vulgaris Say (grass shrimp)
1.8|j,g/l LCSO
Sphaeroides maculatus (puffer fish)
3. 1 ppb TLm
96 hours
96 hours
96 hours
48 nours
96 hours
96 hours
96 hours
6048
24%0sal. 20 °C
6044
22%0sal. 24°C
6044
21%osal. 12°C
6044
24%osal. 12°C
6048
24%0sal. 20°C
6048
24%osal. 20 °C
6258
24%osal. pH8. 0
HEPTACHLOR
Crangon septemspinosa Say (sand shrimp)
8 (J.g/1 LC50 96 hours
Liostomus xanthurus (juvenile spot)
0.025 mg/1 EC5Q 48 hours
Pagurus longicarpus Say (hermit crab)
55 M-g/1 LC50 96 hours
Palaernonetes vulgaris Say (grass shrimp)
440Htg/l LC5Q 96 hours
6048
24%0sal. 20 °C
6044
20%osal. 12°C
6048
24%0sal. 20°C
6048
24%0sal. 20 °C
104
-------
LINDANE
(crabs)
0. 2 ppm
killed
Anopheles sp. ( larvae)
0. 05 ppm 100% lethal
Chlorella sp. (plankton)
1 ppm 12% growth inhibition
Crangon septemspinosa Say (sand shrimp)
5 |JLg/l
Dunaliella euchlora (flagellate)
7. 5 ppm 27% growth inhibition
Leiostomus xanthurus (juvenile spot)
0. 03 mg/1 EC5o
Monochrysis lutheri flagellate)
1 ppm 14% growth inhibition (?)
Pa gurus longicarpus Say (hermit crab)
5 j./1
Palaemonetes vulgaris Say (grass shrimp)
10 fig/1 LC50
Phaeodactylum tricornu turn (diatom)
2. 5 ppm 18% growth inhibition
Protococcus sp. (plankton)
5 ppm 25% growth inhibition
10 days
9^ hours
10 days
48 hours
10 days
96 hours
96 hours
10 days
10 days
6101
6048
24%osal. 20 °C
6101
6044
23%osal. 15°C
6101
6048
4%0sal. 20°C
6048
24%osal. 20°C
6101
6101
ME THOXY CHLOR
Crangon septemspinosa Say (sand shrimp)
Leiostomus xanthurus (juvenile spot)
0.03 mg/1 EC
bU
96 hours
48 hour
6048
24%0sal. 20°C
6044
26%osal. 22°C
105
-------
METHOXYCHLOR continued
Pagurus Ipngicarpus Say (hermit crab)
7 M,g/l LC5Q 96 hours
Palaemonetes vulgaris Say (grass shrimp)
12 jig/1 LC5Q 96 hours
6048
24%0sal. 20 °C
6048
24%0sal. 20°C
SEVIN
Callianassa californiensis (ghost shrimp)
0. 13 mg/1 EC5o 24 hours
Callianassa californiensis (ghost shrimp larvae)
0. 08
0. 03
EC (lethal)
EC^(lethal)
Cancer magister (juvenile Dungeness crab)
0. 60 mgTlEC,
0. 63 mg/1
EC
50
50
Chlorella sp. (plankton)
0. 1 ppm 10% growth inhibition
Clinocardium nuttallii (cockle clam)
7.3 mg/1
EC (lethal)
Crassostrea gigas (Pacific oyster larvae)
2. 2 mg/1 50% development prevented
48 hours
48 hours
24 hours
24 hours
10 days
24 hours
48 hours
6051
6051
17°C
20°C
6051
male
female
6101
6051
6051
Cymatogaster aggregata (juvenile shiner perch)
3.9 mg/1 EC_(lethal) 24 hours
EC (lethal)
Dunaliella euchlora (plankton-flagellate)
0. 1 ppm 10% growth inhibition
10 days
6051
6101
Gasterosteus aculeatus (juvenile threespine stickleback)
6.7 mg/1 ECrn (lethal) 24 hours
EC (lethal)
Hemigrapsus oregonensis (shore crab)
0.71 mg/1 EO
0. 27 mg/1
EC
50
50
24 hours
24 hours
6051
6051
male
female
106
-------
SEVIN continued
Monochrysis lufcheri (plankton-flagellate)
0. 1 ppm 13% growth inhibition
Mytilus edulis (bay mussel larvae)
2. 3 mg/1 50% development prevented
Parophrys vetulus (juvenile English sole)
4. 1 mg/1
EC (lethal)
Phaeodactylum tricornutum (plankton-diatom)
0. 1 ppm total growth inhibition
Protococcus sp. (plankton)
0. 1 ppm 20% growth inhibition
Upogebia pugettensis (mud shrimp)
0. 09 mg/1 EC (lethal)
0. 04 mg/1 EC (lethal)
1 0 days
48 hours
24 hours
1 0 days
10 days
48 hours
48 hours
6101
6051
6051
6101
6101
6051
16°C
20°C
1 -NAPHTHOL
Callianassa californiensis (ghost shrimp)
6.6 mg/1 EC5Q
Callianassa californiensis (ghost shrimp larvae'
3.5 mg/1
3.3 mg/1
EC (lethal)
ECQ lethal)
Cancer magister (juvenile Dungeness crab)
40.0 EC.
55. 5
EC
50
50
Clinocardium nuttallii
6. 4 mg/1
EC (lethal)
Crassostrea gigas
0. 8 mg/1 50% development prevented
Cymatogaster aggregata (juvenileshiner perch)
1. 3 mg/1 EC (lethal)
24 hours
48 hours
48 hours
24 hours
24 hours
24 hours
48 hours
24 hours
6051
6051
17°C
20°C
6051
male
female
6051
6051
6051
107
-------
1-NAPHTHOL continued
Gasterosteus aculeatus (juvenile threespine stickleback)
3. 2 mg/1
EC50(lethal)
Hemigrapsus oregonensis (shore crab)
74.2 ECr
80. 1
EC
50
50
Mytilus edulis (bay mussel larvae)
1. 3 mg/1 50% development prevented
Parophrys vetulus (juvenile)
2. 5 mg/1
EC (lethal)
24 hours
24 hours
24 hours
48 hours
24 hours
33 |j.g/l LC
6051
6051
male
female
6051
6051
Upogebia pugettensis (mud shrimp)
4. 4 mg/1 EC (lethal) 48 hours
4. 5 mg/1 EC^(lethal) 48 hours
TOXAPHENE
Chlorella sp. (plankton)
0. 01 ppm 30% growth inhibition 10 days
Dunaliella euchlora (plankton -flagellate)
0. 01 ppm 10% growth inhibition 10 days
Leiostomus xanthurus (juvenile spot)
0. 001 mg/1 EC50 48 hours
Monochrysis lutheri (plankton -flagellate)
0. 000015 ppm 22% growth inhibition 10 days
Phaeodactylum tricornutum (plankton -diatom)
0. 01 ppm 46% growth inhibition 10 days
Protococcus sp. (plankton)
0. 04 ppm 23% growth inhibition 10 days
MALATHION
Crangon septemspinosa Say (sand shrimp)
6051
16°C
20°C
6101
60% emulsion
6101
60% emulsion
6044
26%0sal. 28 °C
6101
60% emulsion
6101
60% emulsion
6101
60% emulsion
6048
50
96 hours
24%0sal. 20 °C
108
-------
MALATHION continued
Leiostomus xanthurus (juvenile spot)
0.55 mg/1
Pa gurus longicarpus Say (hermit crab)
83 |j.g/l LC50
Palae mone te s vulgaris Say (grass shrimp)
82 (jig/1 LC50
hours
hours
hours
6044
24%osal. 19°C
6048
24%osal. 20 °C
6048
24%0sal. 20 °C
METHYL PARATHION
_( "natural phytoplankton communities") 6044
50
Crassostrea virginica (oy s te r)
1. 0 mg/1 no effect
5. 1 % decrease in productivity 4 hours
96 hours
1. 0 ppm
Crangon septemspinosa Say (sand shrimp)
LC
96 hours
Cyprinodon variegatus (juvenile sheepshead minnow)
1. 0 mg/1
"irritated1
Pa gurus longicarpus Say (hermit crab)
7 jj.g/1 LC5Q
Palaemonetes vulgaris Say (grass shrimp)
3 jig/I LC5Q
Penaeus aztecus (brown shrimp)
0. 0055 mg/1 50% loss of equilibrium
48 hours
96 hours
96 hours
48 hours
6048
24%0sal. 20 °C
6044
29%osal. 24 °C
6044
28%osal. 24°C
6048
24%osal. 20 °C
6048
24%osal. 20 °C
6044
29%osal. 25 °C
PARATHION
("natural phytoplankton communities") 6044
1. 0 ppm
9. 9% decrease in productivity 4 hours
Crassostrea virginica (oyster)
1. 0 mg/1 22% decrease in shell growth 96 hours
6044
31%0sal. 24 °C
109
-------
PARATHION continued
Gyprinodon variegatus (juvenile sheepshead minnow)
0. 060 mg/1 EC
50
Penaeus aztecus (brown shrimp)
0. 001 mg/1 EC.
'50
48 hours
48 hours
PHOSDRIN
R
("natural phytoplankton communities")
4 hours
1. 0 ppm no change in productivity
Crangon septemspinosa Say (sand shrimp)
Crassostrea virginica (oysters)
1. 0 nag/1 no effect
96 hours
96 hours
Gyp r in o don variegatus '(juvenile sheepshead minnow)
0. 83 mg/1
EC
50
Pagurus longicarpus Say (hermit crab)
28 jig /I
Palaemonete s vulgaris Say (grass shrimp)
69 M-g/1 LC5Q
Penaeus aztecus (brown shrimp)
0. 25 mg/1 ECrrt
50
48 hours
96 hours
96 hours
48 hours
6044
31%osal. 24 °C
6044
28%osal. 24 °C
6044
6048
24%0sal. 20 8C
6044
30%0sal. 22 8C
6044
31%osal. 24 °C
6048
24%0sal. 20 °C
6048
24%0sal. 20 °C
6044
32%0sal. 24°C
110
-------
APPENDIX 6. OXYGEN, NUTRIENT, AND pH DATA
by Stephen W. Hager and Robert H. Bourke
Dissolved oxygen, inorganic micronutrient (phosphate, nitrate, silicate)
and pH data were obtained on request from the National Oceanographic
Data Center. Data were obtained for Marsden square 157, specifically
for one degree squares between 124° and 125 °W; 40° and 48° N. The
information obtained was run on a computer to eliminate data from outside
10 nautical miles and then sorted by month.
Additional data were obtained from Oregon State University data
reports (1231), and were also selected for observations inside of
10 nautical miles and sorted by month.
Information from Publication No. 25, California Water Quality Control
Board (7014) was used in Figures A6-1 and A6-2.
The available data were then divided into the following geographical
sections (shown in Figure 13-1).
Section 1: 40° 34' to 41° 03'
Section 2: 43° 00' to 44° 33'
Section3: 44° 34' to 46° 05'
Section 4: 46° 07' to 46° 22',
SectionS: 46° 22' to 47° 19',
Eel River to Trinidad Head, California
(Figures A6-1 and A6-2)
Cape Blanco to Newport, Oregon
(Figure A6-3)
Newport, Oregon to the mouth of the
Columbia River (see Figure 13 -2).
The area around the mouth of the
Columbia River (Figure A6-4)
The Columbia River mouth to Cape
Elizabeth, Washington (Figure A6-5)
Explanation of figures: Figures A6-1 and A6-2; numbers are plotted
by season over a four-year period. Mean values from 0 to 20m («),
21 to 75m (o), and greater than 75m (^) are shown, with the range
of values indicated.
Figures A6-3, A6-4, and A6-5; numbers are plotted by month. Mean
values for the surface (o), 20m (o) and 50m (A) are shown with the
range of values indicated. If no range is given, the point is a single
value. The maximum number of points making up a mean was 41.
Oxygen values are given in ml/1 (N. T. P.), and nutrients in (xg-at. /I.
Ill
-------
TRINIDAD
EEL RIVER
02
10-
o _
6-
4-
2-
0-
3.0 h
2.0
P04
NO
1.0
0
30
20
?
10
0
S/Q
'2
20
9.0
pH
8.0
7.0
1
1
i
¥
W Sp Su
1958-196!
W Sp Su
1958-1961
Figure A6-1. Oxygen, nutrient, and pH data; Trinidad Head
and Eel River.
113
-------
I I I \ I I I I \ I
NO
40
SiO2
20
aoi-
pH
^H
- >^T
ff
1 1 1 1 1 J- 1 1
W Sp Su F W Sp Su
1958 1959
<*— *— ^-sd
* — *-~s
1 1 1 1 1
F W Sp Su F
I960
1 1 1 1
W Sp Su F
1961
8.0h
7.0
Figure A6-2. Oxygen, nutrient, and pH data; Samoa.
114
-------
PO*
NO-.
9.0
6.0
3.0
0.0
2.0
r
1.0
0
30
20
10
— A
\50r-
100
Si02
50
0
9.0
• o
pH
8.0
7.0
J L
I I I I
J L
ex.
-o
J L
M
M
A
0 N D
Figure A6-3.
Oxygen, nutrient, and pH data; Cape Blanco to
Newport.
115
-------
9.0
6.0
3.0
-J r
3.0h
2.0
P04
1.0
0
SiO.
7.0
(NO DATA AVAILABLE)
I I
I I
I 1
J
M
M
0 N D
Figure A6-4. Oxygen, nutrient, and pH data; mouth of
Columbia River.
116
-------
3.0
PO*
2.0
1.0
pH
7.0
(NO DATA AVAILABLE)
1 1
M
M
i—I
f—I
A
Figure A6-5.
Oxygen, nutrient, and pH data; Columbia River
to Cape Elizabeth.
117
1
s
1
0
1 1
N D
-------
APPENDIX 7. RADIONUCLIDES
by Gerald P. Romberg and William C. Renfro
Radioactive elements in the •water, sediments, plants, and animals
of the Pacific North-west coast originate from a variety of sources.
It is important to determine the levels of all radionuclides in
the coastal environment. Further, baseline values for the more
abundant radionuclides should be established over a sufficiently
long period to fully account of various seasonal changes in their
concentrations. Such baseline measurements will be vital to
proper evaluation of the effects of nuclear power stations located
on the coast.
The following sections, arranged alphabetically by element, present
much of the available data on radionuclide levels in marine areas of
the Pacific Northwest. An explanation of abbreviations used in this
section is given below:
y gamma ray Ci
3~ negative beta particle |j.Ci
3+ positive beta particle nCi
a alpha particle pCi
n neutron g
p positron mg
(EC) electron capture kg
dpm disintigrations per minute 1
MPC maximum permissible
concentration
curie
-6,
microcurie (10 Ci)
-9
nanocurie (10 Ci)
picocurie (10"12Ci)
gram
milligram (10 g)
o
kilogram (10 g)
liter
119
-------
Page
Antimony 121
Beryllium 121
Carbon 122
Cerium 123
Cesium 124
Chromium 126
Cobalt 129
Hydrogen 131
Iodine 132
Iron 133
Lead 135
Manganese 136
Niobium 162
Phosphorus 138
Plutonium 141
Polonium 142
Potassium 144
Radium 145
Ruthenium 146
Rubidium 148
Silver 148
Sodium 149
Strontium 150
Thorium 152
Uranium 153
Yttrium 154
Zinc 155
Zirconium and
Ni obium 162
120
-------
ANTIMONY
Radioisotope Half-life Emission Decay Product
'24Te (4043)
125Te
Sb
125
Sb
60. 4 days
2.71 years
3
3
Source: ^"*Sb is neutron induced by the reaction *• Sb (n,y ) Sb
and small amounts from Hanford reach the ocean (4043, 4202).
125Sb is a daughter of 125Sn formed by 124Sn(n,y )125Sn.
Prescribed MFC in drinking water: 124Sb - 2 x 10~2 fa-Ci/kg
l25Sb - 1 x ID'1 M.Ci/kg (4008)
Recommended MPC in sea water: 125Sb - 3. 5 x 10"5 M-Ci/kg (4044)
Coastal water concentratioi
much like 51Cr (4126, 4205)
124
Coastal water concentrations: Sb tends to remain in solution
Biological importance: Reported concentration factor of Sb in
sea food is 1 x 10 (4044)
Work on uptake, retention, distribution, turnover rates, and food
chains: Laboratory study of ^2^Sb uptake by foraminiferans (4156).
BERYLLIUM
Radioisotope Half-life Emissions Decay Product
7Be 53. 6 days (EC) Y 7Li (4043)
10Be 2. 5 x 106 years P" 10B
Source: Cosmic ray produced from nitrogen and oxygen (4045).
Prescribed MPC in drinking water: 7B 2 x 10° (JtCi/kg (4008)
Coastal water concentrations:
Oceanic water concentrations: At 350 miles off Newport, Oregon,
in June 196? the 7Be concentration was 422 dpm/1000 1 (~ 0. 192 pCi/1)
at 20 m depth and decreased to 50 dpm/1000 1 (^ 0. 024 pCi/1) at
328 m. The majority of the activity was in the solution fraction and
surface values were similar in an adjacent area of high productivity
(4188).
121
-------
The concentration of 10Be in sea water is reported to be 0. 2 pCxVl
(4126). The average specific activity of 10Be in the ocean is given
as 1. 6 xlO~3 dpm 10Be/g Be (4187).
Biological importance: These radionuclides form a part of the
natural radiation environment in which the present world biota
has evolved.
CARBON
Radioisotope Half-life- Emissions Decay Product
14C 5, 730 years p" 14N (4043)
Source: Carbon-14 is neutron induced in reactors and nuclear
blasts by the reaction 14N (np)14C (4043, 4045). The major source
of C is from the upper atmosphere where it is continually neutron
induced by neutrons resulting from cosmic ray interactions (4207).
Prescribed MPC in drinking water: 8 x 10 (J-Ci/kg (4008).
Recommended MPC in sea water: 7. 0 x 10" hiCl/kg (4044).
Coastal water concentrations:
14
Oceanic water concentrations: The concentration of C in sea
water is reported to be 0.15 pCi/1 (4126), while the concentration in
the world ocean has been calculated to be 2 x 10 Ci/1 or 0.2 pCi/1
(4097). The average specific activity of C in the ocean is reported
to be 10 dpm 14C/g C (4187).
The C concentration in the biosphere was believed to be in secular
equilibrium at 7. 5 ± 2.7 pCi 4C/gC for at least 1, 000 years prior
to 1954 when 14C introduced from nuclear weapons became sufficient
to upset the equilibrium (4207).
The residence time of C in the deep Pacific may exceed 800
years (4126).
Biological importance: The reported concentration factor of ^4C
in sea food is 5 x 10 (4044). Although the level of 14C in the
environment was increased by nuclear testing, the specific activity
of C has also been slightly decreased due to the production of
from the burning of fossil fuels.
122
-------
Reported values in marine biological samples:
Work on uptake, retention, distribution, turnover rates, and food
chains: Laboratory uptake study of 14C by bacteria, shrimp, oysters
and small fish (4177).
Laboratory uptake study of C by Euphausia pacifica through
ingestion (4178).
Laboratory study of isotope effect in plants (4179). Plants tend to
reject heavier isotopes in favor of C.
Studies of isotopic effect in plants, molluscs, and vertebrates (4180).
CERIUM
Radioisotope Half-life Emissions Decay Product
141Ce 32. 5 days p~y 141Pr (4043)
144Ce 284 days (3 ~ Y 144Pr
Source: Both Ce and Ce are fission products present in the
northern Pacific as a result fallout (4035,4207)
Prescribed MPC in drinking water: 141Ce - 9 x 10~2|j.Ci/kg (4008)
144Ce - 1 x 10"2 |j.Ci/kg
Recommended MPC for sea water: 141Ce - 9. 0 x 10~4 ja.Ci/kg (4044)
144Ce - 1. 0 x 10-4 |j.Ci/kg
Coastal water concentrations: The average !4l~l44Ce concentration
at the mouth of the Columbia River from November 1961-June 1962
was 9. 4 pCi/1 with a maximum of 27 pCi/1. (4050)
Oceanic water concentrations:
Biological Importance: The reported concentration factor for both
141Ce and 144Ce is 1 x 103 (4044). Generally 141Ce is confined to
organisms of the first and second trophic levels, only rarely being
found predominent in predacious animals in the sea (4072).
123
-------
Reported values in marine biological samples: 141 Ce was measured
incopepods, euphausiids, fish, salps, sergestids and viper fish
collected 15-125 miles off Astoria, Newport, and Coos Bay during
1960-1962 (4069).
^ Ce in euphausiids collected 15 miles off Astoria in April 1962
0. 8 pCi/g wet wt. (4072)
Work on uptake, retention, distribution, turnover and food chains:
Laboratory uptake and retention of Ce by planktonic algae indicates
that particulate Ce becomes associated with cells faster than ionic
144ce and that the more Ce is present in the media the more is
accumulated by the algae (4184).
In environmental samples of algae *-Ce was absorbed or metaboli-
cally fixed (4186).
144
Zooplankton discriminate against Ce which they take in from
their food (4152).
Retention of 144 ce jn copepods (4155).
Laboratory uptake and retention of Ce in hard clams, oysters,
and bay scallops were carried out by Price (4176).
Laboratory uptake by marine fish was studied by Baptist (4185).
In environmental samples Ce was found to be concentrated by
primary producers and herbivores , but not carnivores (4072).
CESIUM
Radioisotope Half-life Emissions Decay Product
13?Cs 30 years (3 ~ 137mBa (4043)
Source: Fission product present in fallout (4050).
Prescribed MFC in drinking water: 2 x 10~2 jiGi/kg (4008).
Recommended MPC in sea water: 1. 5 x 10-1 |j,Ci/kg (4044).
124
-------
137
Coastal water concentrations: The Cs concentrations found by Park
et al. (4077) along the Oregon coast in July 1964 are given below:
Mouth of Col. R. (Warrenton) 0. 19 pCi/1
8-10 miles off Col. R. mouth 0.32 pCi/1
At Nehalem, Ore. 1. 2 pCi/1
At Newport, Ore. 0. 26 pCi/1
137
Ocean water contained more Cs than Columbia River water.
At Scripp's pier in La Jolla, California, the I960 Cs concentra-
tion ranged from 0. 045- 0. 163 pCi/1 with a 0. 097 pCi /I average
(4052,4015).
Oceanic water concentrations: Oceanic surface concentrations of
Cs are higher in the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean. These
values have been observed to increase since the nuclear testing
in 1961 and 1962. In the California Current typically high values in
1962 were 0.4 pCi/1 while in 1964 they had risen to about 0. 6 pCi/1
and in 1965 values as high as 1. 2 pCi/1 were observed (401 5).
At 350 miles off Newport, Oregon, in June 1967 the Cs concen-
tration was 1330 dpm/1000 1(0.605 pCi/l)at 20 m depth and decreased
with depth to 4 dpm/1000 1 at 656 m. The majority of the activity
was in the soluble fraction and the surface activity was nearly
doubled in an area of high productivity (4.188).
Biological importance: Reported concentration factor of Cs in sea
food is 5 x 10^ (4044).
Cesium-137 is not considered a biologically important element that
is absorbed specifically. However, it behaves chemically like
potassium and becomes widely distributed throughout the body
largely in the muscle tissue (4174,4003,4126).
Reported values in marine biological samples: In albacore muscle
from the Northeast Pacific in 1965-1966, Cs activities averaged
.090 pCi/g fresh weight (range . 06.1-. 135 pCi/g) in 18 specimens
(4215).
Work on uptake, retention, distribution, turnover rates, and food
chains: Laboratory uptake and exchange of Cs by phytoplankton
(4113).
125
-------
Laboratory uptake of ^Cs j.n an aquatic environment (4079). Plants
grown in aquatic environment accumulate ^' Cs at least 500 times
as much as reported for plants grown in soils.
In environmental samples of sea weed 137Cs was absorbed or meta-
bolicly fixed (4186).
Uptake and retention of Cs by sea weeds (4060). Mostly on
mechanisms of uptake.
Laboratory upta
shellfish (4155).
Laboratory uptake of 137Cs by phy to plankton, copepods, fish, and
13V
Laboratory uptake of Cs by protozoa, coelenterata, annelids,
molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms (4174).
Laboratory uptake of "^Cs by foraminiferans (4156).
137
Laboratory uptake of Cs by shrimp, oysters, and small fish
(4177).
137
Laboratory uptake of Cs by lobsters and prawns (4175).
137
Laboratory uptake an d retention of Cs by hard clams, oysters,
and bay scallops (4176).
T37
Laboratory uptake of Cs by marine fish (4115,4185).
In environmental samples collected from the Pacific off Oregon
during 1961-1962, ' Cs was found only in the herbivores and
carnivores (4072).
Concentration factors of Cs for various marine organisms (4100).
CHROMIUM
Radioisotope Half-life Emission Decay Product
51 ci
Cr 27. 8 days y DLv (4043)
126
-------
Source: The main source of Cr in the Northeast Pacific is
Hanford, where it is neutron induced in the reaction -'^Cr (n Y )
51Cr (4050,4093)
Prescribed MFC in drinking water: 2 x 10° (aCi/kg (4008)
Recommended MPC for sea water: .1. 4 x 10 (o.Ci/kg (4044)
Coastal water concentrations: In sea water Cr from Hanford remains
in the hexavalent state and exhibits a conservative nature with the
majority of the activity remaining in solution (4229). The largest
coastal values are found along the Washington coast in the winter
when the Columbia River plume extends northward near the coast
and dilution by sea water is restricted. In the summer the plume
extends to the south and offshore resulting in greater dilution
and lower coastal concentrations than the northern winter values.
Summer upwelling along the coast also tends to reduce Cr concen-
trations (4057). Representative winter and summer 1966 contours
as found by Frederick (4102) are shown in Figure A7-1.
The amount of Cr discharged into the Pacific depends on the
number of reactors in operation at Hanford. Discontinuation of
several reactors in the mid-1960's decreased the levels of Cr
greatly (4204).
In sediment samples collected near the Columbia River mouth,
Cr was found to be a major gamma emitter with 1963 values
ranging from 10-100 pCi/g dry wt. (4034,4037).
Oceanic water concentrations: Chromium-5.1 of Hanford origin has
been detected in surface water up to 380 km south of the Columbia
River mouth and 240 km offshore (4102). The contours in Fig. A7-1
are an indication of the Cr values present.
Biological importance: Reported concentration factors in the sea
food: I x 105 (4044). In samples collected 15 miles off Astoria,
Cr was abundant only in primary producers with apparently little
transferred up the food chain to the second, third or fourth trophic
levels (4072).
Reported values in marine biological samples: Cr on millipore
filters (primary producers plus suspended material) collected 15
miles off Astoria in April 1962 contained about 16 pCi/1 (4072).
127
-------
Figure A7-1.
Surface 51Cr activities in the Northeast
Pacific Ocean during 1966 (from Frederick,
4102). Activities are in pCi/1.
128
-------
values measured in euphausiids from 40-105 miles off
Astoria ranged from 4 to 28 pCi/g dry weight (4074).
Work on uptake, retention, distribution, turnover, and food
chains: The chemical form of ~^Cr affects its uptake by organisms,
Hexavalent ^Cr tends to remain in solution and is less likely to
be concentrated by organisms (4126, 4158). Triva.lent -^Cr is
mostly particulate in sea water being actively absorbed on both
living and dead particles (4154,4030).
Uptake and transfer of Cr III through a laboratory food chain
of phytoplankton, brine shrimp, post-larval fish, and mummichog
showed that uptake by food chain was generally an efficient path-
way for all trophic levels except the second (4153).
Laboratory uptake of -^Cr III by phytoplankton was studied by
Curl (4030).
Laboratory uptake and retention studies of ^iQr III and Cr IV by
a marine polychaete worm show that hexavalent Cr was taken up
by the worm, but trivalent ^ Cr -was only associated with sediment
adhering to the worms (4154).
Laboratory uptake and metabolism by crabs was studied by Sather
(4103).
Environmental study of ^Cr distributions in dungeness crab body
parts were carried out by Tenant (4104).
COBALT
Radioisotope
57
58
60
Co
Co
Co
Half-life
270 days
71. 3 days
5. 26 years
Emissions
(EC) p+Y
(EC)p+y
(3-Y
Decay Product
57Fe (4043)
58Fe
60Ni
Source: ^ Co - neutron induced in reaction 5°Ni(n,np) " Co in
nuclear blasts (4043).
^°
Co - neutron induced in reaction
jn reactors and nuclear blasts.
""
Co - neutron
induced in reaction ^9 Co (n Y ) "^Co in nuclear tests and reactors.
129
-------
Major source in the northeast Pacific is from fallout.
Prescribed MFC in drinking water: 57Co - 5 x 10" jxCi/kg (4008)
58 GO - 1 xlO'1 jiCi/kg
6°Co - 5 x 10'2 (jiCi/kg
Recommended MPC in sea water: 57Co - 5. 0 x 10~5 jiCi/kg (4044)
58Co - 1.0 x 10'5 ^Ci/kg
6°Co - 5. 0 x 10'6 fid/kg
Coastal water concentrations: In 1961-1962 °°Co values along the
coast between Baja California and San Francisco were often 10
times less than that measured in the open sea--no values given.
This was a time of increased fallout and low coastal values are
attributed to upwelling and a coastal counter current (4015).
Values in sediments off the Columbia River show small amounts of
60Co present (4037).
Oceanic water concentrations: Several Co values were measured
350 miles off Newport. Most of the "^Co was in ionic form. To
the °^Co activity was traced to 656 m with the concentration almost
uniform with depth at about 0. 5 dpm/1000 1. Surface values were
higher in an area of high productivity (4188).
Biological importance: Reported concentration factor in sea food
is 1 x 10 (4044). Omnivorous fish and carnivorous tunas were
found to discriminate against Co (4149).
°°Co was found in a number of estuarime samples at Bradwell,
Essex - first evidence of such contamination from an electric
power station site (4041,4042).
Co was one of the principle radionuclides in marine organisms
near the test site five years after the Bravo event (4148).
Reported values in marine biological samples: Higher concentra-
tions of ° Co was noted in livers of oceanic squids taken west of
the California Current than in similar tissues of coastal squid.
No 60Co was detected in livers of squid from the Monterey coasts
(4053).
130
-------
Work on uptake, retention, distribution, turnover and food chains:
Uptake of Co by phytoplankton (4154). Role of phytoplankton
in the cycling of °°Co (4113). Accumulation of °°Co by foramini-
ferans (4156). Uptake of Co in mussels was shown to be inhi-
bited by EDTA (4147). Elimination rates of 6°Co were given for:
copepods . pyrosoma, salpidae, sagitta, euphausiids, and pteropods
(4157). 5' Co and °°Co were 3 to 4 times higher in zooplankton than
in phytoplankton collected near Puerto Rico (4152).
Co was found only in herbivores and carnivores collected 25
miles or more off Oregon (4072).
Concentration factors of Co in many marine organisms calculated
(4062,4100).
HYDROGEN
Radioisotope Half-life Emissions Decay Product
3H 12. 262 years 3" 3He (4043)
Source: Tritium is produced both in nuclear reactors and nuclear
blasts. The major of H, however, is from the atmosphere where
it is produced by cosmic rays (4045,4002).
Prescribed MPC in drinking water: 3 x 10° fiCi/kg (4008)
Recommended MPC in sea water: 1. 6 x 10~ |j.Ci/kg (4044)
Coastal water concentrations:
Oceanic water concentrations: The total annual production of 3H
in the atmosphere is 4-8 x 10 Ci. The concentration in sea water
is reported to be 3 pCi/1 (4126). Pertsov (4097) calculates the
average concentration of H in the world ocean to be 1 pCi/1.
The maximum residence time in the mixed layer of the north
Pacific is thought to be 3. 5 years (4187).
The average specific activity of tritium in the ocean is 3. 3 x 10"4
dpm 3H/g H ( 0. 00015 pCi 3H/g H) (4187).
131
-------
Biological Importance; H is not presently considered to be concen-
trated to significant degree by organisms. Furthermore, the vast
abundance of stable 1H atoms present in the biosphere probably
insures great isotope dilution.
IODINE
Radioisotope Half-life Emissions Decay Products
131I 8. 05 days (3~Y B1Xe (4043)
Source: Fission product present in fallout (4043,4208)
Prescribed MPC in drinking water: 3 x 10~4 fiCi/kg (4008)
Recommended MPC in sea water: 1. 6 x 10~3 fiCi/kg (4044)
Coastal water concentrations: Due to the short half-life I is
significant primarily in local and tropospheric fallout (4208).
For this reason it is unlikely that much I would accumulate in
surface water far from a test site.
Oceanic water concentrations:
Biological importance: Reported concentration factor in sea food
is 1 x 10 (4044). Iodine-131 is important because it is concentrated
in the thyroid gland and can cause a highly localized radiation dose
in this organ (4044).
131
Values reported in marine biological samples: I activities up to
24 pCi/g fresh weight were reported in tuna muscle following
atmospheric bomb tests near Christmas Island in 1962 (4214).
Work on uptake, retention, distribution, turnover, and food chains:
Uptake of 13ll by a red algae (4117). Elimination rate of 131I
calculated for copepods, pyrosoma, sagitta, euphausiids, and
pteropods (4157).
131
Distribution of I in mussels (4068).
131
Concentration factors of I calculated for many marine organisms
(4062,4100).
132
-------
IRON
Radioisotope Half-life Emissions Decay Product
55Fe 2. 6 years (EC) y 55Mn (4043)
59Fe 45. 6 days p y 59 Co
S S C /I C C
Source: Fe neutron induced by the reaction Fe (n y ) Fe
in nuclear tests and reactors. Major source in northeast Pacific
is from fallout (4050,4120). 9Fe - neutron induced in reaction
-)'Fe(n Y ) 9 Fe in nuclear tests and reactors. Major source in
northeast Pacific is from fallout.
Prescribed MPC in drinking water: 55Fe - 8 x 10"1 p, Ci/kg (4008)
59Fe - 6 x 10~2 M-Ci/kg
Recommended MPC in sea water: 55Fe - 3. 8 x 10"^ p. Ci/kg (4044)
59Fe 3. 0 x 10 p. Ci/kg
Coastal water concentrations: Concentration of ^5pe ^n California
coasta
(4167).
coastal water collected in late 1965 was 4 x 10 nCi/kg (0. 04 pCi/kg)
There appears to be no rapid transport of Fe to the bottom
(4120).
Oceanic water concentrations: Concentration of Fe in oceanic
water 350 miles off Newport in June 1967 was about 3 dpm/1000 1
(1.3 pCi/10001) down to 1524 m. The majority of the Fe was in a
soluble form. Surface concentrations were about 90 times greater
in an area of high productivity (4188).
Biological importance: One reported concentration factor for
55Fe and 59Fe in sea food is 2 x 104 (4044).
The highest levels of 55jre found in man are associated with a
high consumption of ocean fish (4024).
Iron-55 was identified in a number of estuary materials near
Bradwell, Essex in 1966, which was the first evidence of such
contamination from a power station site (4041).
133
-------
Reported values in marine biological samples: Concentration of
55Fe in Pacific coast organisms reported by Palmer ei_ a/U
(4076,4167):
Organism Location collected 55Fe activity in nCi/kg wet
salmon
salmon
alba co re
sea bass
smelt
saury
phytoplankton
Euphausiids
Mytilus
kelp
barnacles
purple sea
cucumbers
sea urchins
Oysters, scallops, clams, shrimp and crab had very little Fe.
Alaskan
Washington coast
N. Pacific
Washington coast
Washington coast
Oregon coast
Calif, coast
Oregon coast
Calif, coast
Calif, coast
Calif, coast
Oregon coast
Oregon coast
93 nCi/kg
14
42. 0
0. 27
1.41
106. 0
0. 5
1. 5
0..36
0. 03
140. 0
76. 0
0.48
Fe specific activities in salmon reported by Jennings (4120):
S.A0
Species
55
Fe/g Fe.
Chinook
Sockeye
Coho
Year
Location
Bristol Bay
St. of Juan
de Fuca
Astoria
Depoe Bay
Eureka
1964 1967
11. 1
0.74^
0.72:
6. 44
0.71
0.175
19 64 19 67
11.4
28.7
0. 51
1. 17
1964 1967
1. 57
5.72
5. 83
0. 290
55
The Fe specific activity in Euphausia pacifica collected in
August 1967 between Longbeach, Washington, and Depoe Bay,
Oregon, ranged between 0. 007 and 0. 101 p, Ci 55Fe/gFe (4120)
134
-------
Work on uptake, retention, distribution, turnover, and food chains:
Uptake of ^Fe by a marine diatom (4165).
Elimination rate of 5°Fe by a salt marsh snail (4121).
Elimination rate of Fe by pyrosoma and pteropods (4157).
Omnivorous fish feeding on plankton concentrate Fe while
carnivorous fish feeding on omnivorous fish discriminate against
55Fe (4149).
LEAD
Radioisotope Half-life Emissions Decay Product
210Pb 20. 4 years S"y 210Bi (4043)
Source: Daughter of Po in °U decay chain; its precursor in
the decay chain is 222Rn (4193).
Prescribed MPC in drinking water: 1 x 10 ~4 |j,Ci/kg (4008)
Recommended MPC for sea water:
Coastal water concentrations: At La Jolla pier in Nov. I960 the
Pb concentration was found to be 0. 12 dpm/1 or ^0. 06 pCi/1
(4192).
210
Oceanic water concentrations: The concentration of Pb found
in Pacific surface water was 0. 10 dpm/1 or ^0. 05 pCi/1 and increased
with depth to 0. 28 dpm/1 or -^0. 14 pCi/1 at 2000 m deep (4192,4015).
Biological importance: Pb is important because it decays to
Bi which shortly decays to Po, a radionuclide greatly con-
tributing to the internal dose rate of organisms (4193,4159),
Reported values in biological samples: Pb concentrations in
many organisms collected 65 miles off Newport are given by
Beasley (4193).
135
-------
Other Pb concentrations reported by Beasley are:
Yaquina Bay copepods (Acartia clausii) = 0. 060 - 0. 55 dpm/g wet
Oceanic copepods fro m NH-.15 (Calanus pacificus) = 0. 045 dpm/g wet
Polychaete worms from NH-24 = 10. 40 dpm/g wet
Pb values reported by Folsom (4015) are:
Brown algae = 14, 4*1. 6 pCi/kg wet wt.
Red tide = less than 0. 1 pCi/kg wet wt.
Bonito = 20. 4 ± 2 pCi/kg wet wt.
Squid tissue = 28. 9 ± .92 pCi/kg wet wt.
concentrations given by Holtzman (4159):
Euphasia pacifica 6/1/65 = 3. 75± . 33 pCi/100 g wet
Squid = 0. 92 ± . 20 pCi/100 g wet
Sea urchin 4/7/66 shell = 6. 0 ± 0. 5 pCi/100 g ash
(from near Los Angeles)
spine = 5/0± 0.6 pCi/100 g ash
soft tissue =1. 07 ± 0. 27 pCi/100 g wet
°Pb concentration in lantern fish decreased with depth (4193).
Work on uptake, retention, distribution, turnover and food chains:
Pb in trophic levels II and III were correlated with inshore
•and offshore stations. Higher values were found offshore during
periods of little rain and offshore water movement; higher values
in waters inside 45 miles during periods of high rain (4193).
MANGANESE
Radioisotope Half-life Emissions Decay Product
Mn 303 days (EC) Y 54Cr (4043)
Source: Neutron induced in reaction 54Fe(n, p)54Mn and present
in fallout (4050).
Prescribed MFC in drinking water: 1 x 10"1 (j,Ci/kg (4008).
Recommended MFC in sea water: 6. 7 x 10"6 (iCi/kg (4044).
136
-------
54
Coastal water concentrations: The Mn concentration in
coastal water along lower California was estimated to be 0. 037
pCi/1 based on values present in organisms and reported
concentration factors (4019). In June 1963 the Mn concentra-
tion measured in sea water at Scripp's pier ranged between
0. 02-0. 08 pCi/1 (4029). Seasonal variation was as much as six-
fold -with the minimum occurring in the mid-winter (4019).
Much of the particle bound
to the sea water (4031).
54
Mn entering the ocean is released
Oceanic water concentrations:
54,
Biological importance: Reported concentration factor of " "Mn
in sea food is 5 x 10 (4044). Five years after the Bravo event
-^Mn was one of the principle radionuclides in marine organisms
(4090).
Reported values in marine biological samples: Values of Mn
in salmon viscera collected in the summer of 1964 and reported
in pCi/g dry wt by Kujala (4114):
St. of Juan
Species de Fuca Astoria Depoe Bay Eureka
Chinook
Coho
Sockeye
Herring
Anchovies
0. 08
1.40
3. 00
0. 04
0. 85
1.72
1.73
0. 22
1.91
0. 57
54
In coastal organisms of southern California the Mn values
ranged between 0. 01-0. 4 pCi/g fresh wt (4029).
Values of Mn in the livers of albacore tuna collected off Oregon
(4146).
Work on uptake, retention, distribution, turnover rates and food
chains: In environmental samples of seaweed Mn was absorbed
or metabolic ally fixed (4186).
Laboratory uptake and retention of
studied by Bryan (4125).
lobster was
137
-------
Laboratory uptake an.d retention of Mn by mussels with different
concentrations of EDTA (4147).
In nature mussels and barnacles concentrate Mn more than Zn;
the opposite is true for fish (4029).
Environmental samples of sockeye salmon show that females con-
centrate 54Mn to higher levels than do males (4114).
In samples collected from the Pacific off Oregon during 196.1-1962,
was found only in herbivores and carnivores (4072).
NIOBIUM-- see Zirconium-Niobium (p. 162)
PHOSPHORUS
Radioisotope Half-life Emissions Decay Product
32P 14. 28 days (3' 32S (4043)
Source: Small amounts of P are cosmic-ray produced (4045).
The major source of P reaching the Washington and Oregon coasts
is Hanford, where ^ P is produced by neutron induction of coolant
3732
water, impurities and corrosion film in the reactions J^S(np) P
and "p(nY ) P and then expelled into the Columbia River (4093,
4195).
o
Prescribed MPC in drinking water: 2x10 fj.Ci/kg (4008)
Recommended MPC in sea water; 2. 8 x 10 |o,Ci/kg (4044)
o o
Coastal water concentrations: Due to the short half-life of P
and the one to three week travel time for Columbia River water from
Hanford to the ocean, a large amount of the 32P introduced into the
river would decay before reaching the ocean. The 32P concentration
is greatly reduced further by dilution and the many physical and
biological processes in the river (4211). The amount of 32P coming
from Hanford depends on the number of reactors in operation.
138
-------
The concentration of TP nine miles off the Columbia River mouth
in July 1963 was 4. 68 ± 1. 63 pCi/1 (4050).
o o
In the Columbia River estuary at Astoria, the P levels for 1965 were
less than 45 pCi/1 (Toombs 4196).
At North Head, Washington (~3 mi. north of the river mouth) the
concentration of P in water averaged 1.4.1 pCi TP/1 between
October .1965 and September 1966 (4211).
32
The amount of P discharged into the Pacific by the Columbia
River depends on the number of reactors in operation and to a
lesser extent on the river flow rate.
Oceanic water concentrations: The following P values are given
for filtered surface sea water collected off the Columbia River in
July 1963 by Chakravarti (4050) and Seymour (4093):
Miles from mouth Salinity % 3ZP (pCi/.l± S. D. )
18 27. 80 8. 03 ± 0. 58
24 31.63 5.15
30 31. 76 3. 57 ±0. 60
Biological importance: Phosphorus is a biologically important
?e: i
'2Pi!
element, therefore P is readily taken up and will increase the
internal dose rate due to the beta emissions.
32
For people living near the Columbia River below Hanford, P
from ingested Columbia River fish is the most significant source
of radiation (4016). In marine organisms, however, the T?
levels are much lower (4196 ,421.1). In no case do the P levels in
Columbia River or marine organism constitute a health hazard
(4016).
Reported values in marine biological samples: Concentration of
32Pin Willapa Bay oysters (4007). Concentration of 32P in Fucus
from North Head (4093). Concentration in various marine organ-
isms (4196).
The following mean P values and concentration factors for sample
collected from North Head, Washington, during the period from
October 1965 to September 1966 are given by Isakson (42.11):
139
-------
32P concentration (pCi 32P/g dry)
Organism
Tissue
Razor clam.
soft parts
Mussel, soft
parts
Gooseneck bar-
nacle, entire
Sea anemone ,
entire
Range -estimated
from graphs
20 - 560
50 - 400
2-45
3 - 70
Mean-from
Table 7 (pg 50)
158
147
16
27
Range of ^T3
concentration
3
factors x 10
2.3 - 70
3. 5 - 4.1
0. 21 - 7. 0
0. 51 - 9. 8
Algae, entire:
Fucus fucakus
Gigartina sp.
Rhodomela larix
Pte ro siphonia
woodii
Iridaea sp.
Ulva sp.
0 -
10 -
10 -
10 -
10 -
one
130
150
180
180
150
sample
44
60
65
70
64
227
0.
1.
0.
1.
0.
18
21 - 11
3-22
92 - 15
0-15
64-12
Work on uptake, retention, distribution, turnover and food chains:
Turnover of Pin the marine environment (4118).
Role of phytoplankton in the cycling of T3 (4113).
Uptake, distribution, and retention in copepod (Calanus);
located in ovary of female and appears in eggs of laying females
(4182).
Uptake in Artemia and Gammarus; turnover time in Artemia =
14 hours (Harris 4183).
140
-------
•3 O
Molluscs take up P directly fro m the water (4181).
PLUTONIUM
Radio! sotope Half-life Emissions Decay Product
Pu 86. 4 years a y U (4043)
239
Pu 24, 390 years a y U
238 738 7^7 ?^
Source: Pu daughter of Np from " ' Np(n y )"
9Pu - daughter of 239U produced in reaction 238U(nY )
239:U( 3-) and present in fallout (4043,4015)
Prescribed MPC in sea water: 239Pu 2. 2 x 10'6 JJL Ci/kg (4044)
Prescribed MPC in drinking water: 238Pu - 5 x 10"3 |j.Ci/kg
9Pu - 5 x 10"3 [JiCi/kg (4008)
Coastal -water concentrations: The 9Pu concentration at Scripp's
pier in 1964 ranged from 3.5 - 4. 7 x 10 "4 pCi/1 (4080).
The 238pu concentration in sea water is very small. From values
of 238Pu and 239Pu found in kelp, the ratio of 238Pu/239Pu in sea
water is thought to be about 1/30 (4015).
The average °Pu concentration of two water samples from near
Pt. Arguello, California, in 1964 was 0. 001 pCi/1 (4015).
239
Oceanic water concentrations: The Pu concentration in water
1,500 miles off the California coast in 1964 was 19.4 xlO~4 pCi/1
and at 2,500 miles offshore it was 30. 4 x 10"4 pCi/1 (4080).
There is some indication that in the open ocean plutonium penetrates
downward more rapidly than 90gr ancj ^ ' Cs in the same area (4015).
239
Biological importance: Reported concentration factor of Pu in
sea food is 1 x 103 (4044).
141
-------
239
Reported values in marine biological samples: Values of 7Pu in
coastal organisms collected from Lower California during 1964
(4080).
Organism Concentration in pCi/kg wet
red tide 0. 276 ± . 037
green algae 0. 653 ± . 043
green kelp 0.321 ± .025
palm kelp 0.450 ± . 023
plankton I. 08 ± . 14
mussels 0.96 ± .007
mussels 0.120 ± .012
fish 0. 0044
Mytilus sp. collected from an island off Point Arguello, California,
during 1964 had a Pu value of 0. 57 pCi/kg wet (4015).
Work on uptake, retention, distribution, turnover rates and food
chains: Distribution studies of plutonium in the lobster show that the
shell contains a large portion of the total activity (4015).
Measuring present levels of plutonium in sea water is difficult,
therefore, marine organisms will probably be found to contain only
minute amounts (4015).
POLONIUM
Radioisotope Half-life Emission Decay Product
Po 138.4 days a y 2o6Pb (4043)
Source: Daughter of 21OBi in 238U decay chain.
Prescribed MPC in drinking water: 7 x 10"4 |j,Ci/kg (4008)
Recommended MPC for sea water: 6 x 10~7 (j.Ci/kg (4044)
Coastal water concentrations: At La Jolla pier in 1965 the 210Po
concentration was found to be 0. 03 pCi/kg (4015).
Oceanic water concentrations: Average 2lOpo concentration
142
-------
measured in the Atlantic between 20 °N and 20 °S was 0. 042 pCi/
liter or ~ 0. 09 dpm/1 (4193).
Biological importance: Reported concentration factor in sea food:
1 x 10 (4044). The radiation dose of fish residing near the surface
has been shown to be increased six fold as a result of internal
210 Po (4193).
Reported values in marine biological samples: Due to the involved
procedure necessary for sample analysis and only relatively recent
awareness of the resulting radiation dose only a few researchers
have studied ^^Po in ocean organisms.
Po values given by Holtzman (4159): Euphasia pacifica
6/1/65 = 26. 7 ± 1. 3 pCi/100 g wet; Squid = 13. 2± 0. 9 pCi/100 g wet;
sea urchin from Los Angeles area - shell = 12. 2 ± 0. 7 pCi/100 g ash,
spines = 18. 3 ± 0. 9 pCi/100 g ash, soft tissue = 15. 1 ± ' 0. 7 pCi/
lOOg wet.
Kelp from California coast in 1961: 91 pCi/kg wet wt. (4015)
Brown algae from Calif, coast in 1965: 173. 5 ± 12. 0 pCi/kg wet (4015)
Copepods from Yaquina Bay, Ore. in 1968: 0.36 - 1.15 pCi/g wet
wt. (4193)
Red tide from Calif, coast in 1965: 0. 1 pCi/kg wet (4015)
Mixed plankton from 65 miles off Newport, Ore. : 0. 55 ± 0. 02
dpm/g wet(4193) in 1968
Polychete worms from 24 miles off Newport, Ore. in 1968:
17.83 ± . 07 dpm/g wet (4193)
Albacore off Calif, in 1965: 134 ± 6. 0 pCi/kg wet (4015)
Tuna meat in 1961: 2. 0 pCi/kg wet (4015)
Bonito off Calif, in 1965: 9.5 pCi/kg wet (4015)
Squid off Calif, in 1965: 147 ± 2. 0 pCi/kg wet (4015)
Work on uptake, retention, distribution, turnover and food chains:
Although Po is closely related to 210Pb in the 238U decay chain,
most oceanic organisms concentrate Po to a greater extent than
Pb (4015,4193). Relatively high concentrations of 210Po are
found in organisms living in contact with the bottom and also in
animals feeding on bottom living organisms (4190).
143
-------
POTASSIUM
Radioisotope Half-life Emissions Decay Product
4°K 1. 26 xlO9 years (EC) Y 40A 11% (4043)
(3- 40Ca 89%
40
Source: Naturally occurring; 0. 0119% of natural K is ^"K (4208,
4207)
Prescribed MPC in drinking water: None (4008)
Recommended MPC in sea water: None
Coastal water concentrations: The K activity is dependent on the
total amount of potassium present in the water; which is related to
the salinity. At a salinity of 35%o the K level is calculated to be
330 pCi/1 (4050). In areas along the coast the salinity and 40K
activity is reduced by dilution from river runoff. During June 1963
values in sea water near the Columbia River ranged from 190 - 370
pCi/1 (4050).
Oceanic water concentrations: Potassium-40 is the most abundant
natural radionuclide present in sea water and accounts for about
97% of oceanic radiation (4048,4209). The 40K concentration for
the world ocean is reported to be 350 pCi/1 (4097).
Biological importance: Potassium is an important element in
living material and is often present in relatively large amounts.
The majority of beta activity present in marine organisms is
thought to be due to 40K (4.119).
Reported values in marine biological samples: Values are given
for euphausiids, copepods, sergestids, viper fish, and salps col-
lected during 1960-1962 between 15 and 125 miles off Astoria, Newport
and Coos Bay in Osterberg (4069).
Values are given for coastal organisms collected between June 1961
and July 1963 by Toombs (4.143).
Work on uptake, retention, distribution, turnover and food chains:
Because K is naturally occurring and present in marine organ-
isms, other isotopes of potassium are used in biological tracer
144
-------
42
studies. A commonly used isotope is K.
Laboratory uptake studies of K by lobsters and prawns (4175).
Concentration factors of K for marine algae, marine inverte-
brates, marine vertebrates, and crabs (4100).
RADIUM
Radioisotope Half-life Emissions Decay Product
22 Ra 1602 years a y 222Rn (4043)
228Ra 6.7 years p" 228Ac
Source: 22°Ra is the daughter of Th in the decay chain of nat-
ural 238U.
Ra is the daughter of Th in the decay chain of nat-
ural 232Th. (4043,4207)
ascribed MFC in drinking water: 226Ra - 3 x 10~5 |j.Ci/kg (4008)
5Ra - 3 x ID'5 nCi/kg 226
Recommended MFC in sea water: Ra - 1.1 x 10"^ jj, Ci/kg (4044)
Coastal water concentrations:
Oceanic water concentrations: At 350 miles off Newport, Oregon,
in June 1967 the 22°Ra concentration was 110 dpm/1000 1 (0. 050
pCi/l)at 20 m depth and decreased to a minimum of 43. 4 dpm/1000 1
(0. 022 pCi/1) at 328 m and then increased to 132. 7 dpm/1000 1
(0. 060 pCi/1) at 1639 m. The majority of the activity was in the
soluble fraction and the surface values were nearly doubled in an
area of high productivity (4188).
The radium concentration in the Pacific is reported to increase to a
maximum at about 4 km in depth (4097). The concentrations of
Ra/1 and Ra in sea water are reported to be 0. 036 1. 25
pCi 226Ra/l and 0. 0023 pCi 228Ra/l (4126).
Pertsov (4097) calculates the Ra concentration in the world
ocean to be 0. 3 pCi/1.
145
-------
The amount of 226Ra in most sea water samples is within a factor
of 2 of 0.7 xlO~13 g/1 (4187).
oo /
Biological importance: Reported concentration factor of Ra
in sea food is 2 x 102 (4044). As is the case of other naturally-
occurring radionuclides, Ra and 228Ra form a part of the
radiation environment in which the biosphere has evolved.
RUTHENIUM
Radioisotope Half-life Emissions Decay Product
l03Ru 39. 5 days P'Y 130Rh (4043)
106Ru 368 days 6" 106Rh
Source: Ru and Ru are both fission products present in the
northeastern Pacific as a result of fallout (4050,4093).
Prescribed MPC in drinking water: 103Ru - 8 x 10~2 p, Ci/kg (4008)
lo6Ru - 1 x ID'2 |i Ci/kg
Recommended MPC in sea water: 103Ru - 1. 6 x 10"5 n Ci/kg (4044)
!06Ru - 2. 0 x 10'6 n Ci/kg
Coastal water concentrations: The average Ru concentration at
the mouth of the Columbia River from Nov. 1961-June 1962 was
0. 79 pCi/1 with a maximum of 2. 5 pCi/1
Oceanic water concentrations: At 350 miles off Newport, Oregon,
in June 1967 the 10^Ru concentration was 81 dpm/1000 1
( ^0. 037 pCi/1) at 20 m depth and rapidly decreased with depth to
1. 7 dpm/1000 1 ( ~8 x 10"4 pCi/1) at 656 m. The majority of the
activity was in the soluble fraction and the surface activity was
three times as high in an area of high productivity (4188).
Biological importance: The reported concentration factor of ^3Ru
and ^Ru in sea food is 5 x 104 (4044).
Ruthenium-103 and -106 have little apparent significance in the
metabolism of marine organisms and are accumulated mainly through
sorption processes (4126).
146
-------
Reported values in marine biological samples: Ru measured
in copepods, euphausiids, salps, fish, sergestids, and viper fish
collected 15-125 miles off Astoria, Newport, and Coos B'ay during
1960-1962 (4069,4070,4074).
103
Ru measured in various marine organisms from the Oregon
coast have been separated by Toombs and Cutler (4094,4143,4196).
Concentrations of
Toombs, et. al. - 4196)
Ru in pCi/g drained weight (from
Astoria Tillamook Yaquina Win- Coos
Chester Bay
Clam My a
Oyster
Dungeness
crab
3/62-7/62
0. 08-0. 6
12/61-7/63
0. 1-1. 6
2/62-7/63
0.1-0. 9
2/62-5/63
0. 04-0.4
4/62
0. 2
12/62
0.1
2/62-10/
0.1-0. 3
62
2/63
0.6
Work on uptake, retention, distribution, turnover rates and food chains:
Laboratory uptake of Ru by foraminiferans (4.156).
Laboratory uptake of Ru by nitrosyl by various marine organisms
(4162). Seaweeds accumulate 10°Ru mainly by surface adsorption.
Diatoms accumulate Ru mainly by surface adsorption Majority
of uptake in Mytilus was by the shell. For fish some Ru was
found in the liver and spleen but very little in the muscle.
In environmental samples of sea weeds
metabolicly fixed (4186).
106
Ru was absorbed or
106,
Laboratory uptake of two chemical forms of Ru by Mytilus (4163,
4164). Incorporation of Ru/Cl was 10 times greater than that of
^ Ru/N with the internal soft parts taking up more than the shell.
Laboratory uptake and retention of 10°Ru by marine fish (4185,4096).
Laboratory retention of Ru by sea urchin larvae (4096).
147
-------
RUBIDIUM
Radioisotope Half-life Emission Decay Product
86Rb 18. 66 days p- Y 86Sr (4043)
-87Rb 4. 8 x 1010 years Q~ 87Sr
Source: Rb is produced by neutron induction in the reaction
85Rb(nY)86Rb (4043). 87Rb is naturally occurring (4207).
8A -2
Prescribed MPC in drinking water: Rb - 7 x 10 |j,Ci/kg (4008)
87Rb - 1 x IQ^jiCi/kg
Recommended MPC in sea water: 86Rb - 1. 0 x 10~3 fxCi/kg (4044)
Coastal water concentrations: The specific activity of °' Rb in the
environment is 42. 2 ± 0. 7 dpm/mg Rb or ~ 19. 2 nCi87Rb/g Rb (4207).
87
Oceanic water concentrations: The Rb concentration in sea water
is reported to be 2. 8 P.Ci/1 (4126). A rubidium concentration of
120 (j.g/1 is equal to a Rb activity of 2.9 pCi/1 (4187). Pertsov
(4097) has calculated the average concentration of °'Rb in the world
ocean to be 6 pCi/1.
86
Biological importance: Reported concentration of Rb in sea food
is 2 x 10 (4044). As with other naturally-occurring radioisotopes,
Rb constitutes a part of the radiation background under which
organisms have evolved.
SILVER
Radioisotope Half-life Emissions Decay Product
110mAg 255 days fj - y 110Cd (4043)
Source: Neutron induced in reaction ^Ag (ny ) Ag during
nuclear weapons testing (4043.4125).
^
Prescribed MPC in drinking water: 3 x 10 (j.Ci/kg (4008)
148
-------
Coastal water concentrations:
Oceanic water concentrations:
Biological importance:
Reported values in marine biological samples: HOmAg in liver
of squids from Monterey, California coast was
300 ± 100 pCi/kg wet (4053).
Ag in oysters at Bradwell, Essex (4042).
SODIUM
Radioisotope Half-life Emissions Decay Product
22Na 2. 62 years (3+(EC)Y 22Ne (4043)
Source: Cosmic ray produced (4045).
Prescribed MPC in drinking water: 4 x 10~2 |j.Ci/kg (4008).
Recommended MPC in sea water: 1. 0 x 10 [iCi/kg (4044).
Coastal water concentrations:
Oceanic water concentrations:
Biological importance: In shrimp and fish all of the sodium is
quickly exchangeable (4160).
Work on uptake, retention, distribution, turnover rates and food chains:
Laboratory study of Na metabolism in shrimp, mussels, and fish
(4160).
22
Laboratory uptake and retention studies of Na by fish were carried
out by Keckes (4161).
149
-------
STRONTIUM
Radioisotope Half-life Emissions Decay Product
89Sr 52.7 days (3 - 89Y (4043)
90Sr 27. 7 years P' 9°Y
on
Source: Sr is a fission product and also is induced in reaction
88Sr(n y )89Sr and present in fallout (4043;4207;4050). 9°Sr is a
fission product present in fallout (4043,4207,4050).
Prescribed MPC in drinking water: 89Sr 3 x 10"2 (aCi/kg (4008)
9 Sr - 3 x 10 (J-Ci/kg
Recommended MPC in sea water: 89Sr 8. 7 x 10° fj.Ci/kg (4044)
90Sr 3.4 x KT2 fid/kg
Coastal water concentrations: Strontium-90 is believed to remain
mostly in solution in the ocean (4169,4126).
In July 1964 Columbia River water had higher 90gr values than ocean
water. The location of sampling and °^Sr values of Park et. al. are
as follows (4077):
Columbia estuary (Warrenton) 0. 65 pCi/1
About 10 miles off Col. mouth 0. 69 pCi/1
Coast at Nehalem, Oregon 0. 51 pCi/1
Coast at Newport, Oregon 0. 21 pCi/1
Summer samples of water from the Lower California coast during
1964 ranged from 0. 055 - 0. 097 pCi/1. The coastal concentrations
were much lower than offshore values (4015).
9 0
Oceanic water concentrations: The Sr concentration 250 miles
off Oregon coast in January 1962 was 0. 04 pCi/1 (4050). Samples
collected offshore from lower California during the summer of 1964
were between 0. 19 - 0. 57 pCi/1. At 500 m depth the 9°Sr concen-
tration was only about 10% of that at the surface (4015).
Generally little 9°Sr is present below 300 m depth (4085).
150
-------
89
Biological importance: Reported concentration factor of Sr and
90Sr in sea food is 2 x 101 (4044).
Strontium is a bone seeker and interchangeable with calcium in
organisms (4009,4155).
However most marine organisms discriminate against strontium in
favor of calcium (4126,4168).
Harmful effects were observed in fish maintained in sea water
containing a 9°Sr - 9°Y concentration of 10~10Ci/l = 100 pCi/1
(4081).
Reported values in marine biological samples:
Work on uptake, retention, distribution, turnover rates and food
chains: Uptake of 9^Sr by marine microrganisms (4109).
Uptake and retention of 9^Sr by marine phytoplankton (4110,4112,4113)
Laboratory uptake of 90Sr by algae (4096,4172,4173). Brown algae
concentrates '^Sr but red and green algaes took up very little.
Laboratory uptake of " Sr by foraminiferans (4156).
Laboratory uptake of 9 Sr by Artemia is mainly directly from the
water (4170).
Laboratory uptake of 9^Sr by molluscs and polychaetes (4166).
Uptake is mainly directly from the water.
on on
Uptake of Sr by oysters and distribution of Sr in mussels (4096).
90
Laboratory uptake of Sr by the eel (4171).
Uptake of strontium by marine fish (4105,4106,4108,4168). Temper-
ature affects 89Sr uptake by larval flat fish (4096). 90sr taken up
from water by fish was found to be concentrated in the bones and
scales (4185,4155).
Distribution of strontium in tuna, mackerel, and dolphin (4107,4155).
151
-------
Laboratory uptake of 85Sr by phytoplankton, copepods , oysters,
clams, scallops, and fish (4155).
Concentration factors of °°Sr in various marine organisms are
given by Hiyama (4062).
THORIUM
Radioisotope Half-life Emissions Decay Product
227Th 18. 2 days a Y 223Ra (4043)
77R 224
BTh 1.91 years a Y ' Ra
A *}*)(-*
8. 0 x 10 years a Y Ra
Th 1.41 x 10 years a Y
Source: 227Th daughter of 227Ac in decay chain of natural
235U. (4043,4207)
228Th - daughter of 228Ac in decay chain of natural 232Th.
230Th - daughter of 234Pa in decay chain of natural 238U.
232'jh - occurs naturally and is head of thorium series.
Prescribed MPC in drinking water: 227Th - 2 x 10~2 |iCi/kg (4008)
228Th _ ? x 1Q-3
Coastal water concentrations:
- 2xlO-3 fiCi/kg
Th - 2 x 10 ~3 [iCi/kg
Oceanic water concentrations: At 350 miles off Newport, Oregon,
in June 1967 the 228Th concentration was 3 - 3. 5 dpm/1000 1
( ~0. 00.13 - 0. 0016 pCi/1) from 20 m to 328 m and < 0. 5 dpm/1000 1
deeper than 328 m. The majority of the activity was in the soluble
fraction and surface values were nearly doubled in an area of high
productivity (4188).
The concentrations of 227Th, 228Th, 230Th, and 232Th in sea water
are reported to be <0.2 - 1. 2 x 10~2pCi 227Th/l, 0. 25 - 1. 4 x 10"2
152
-------
Q<4 _ L 2 x 10-2 pCi 230Th/lj and Q< Q2 _ L 0 x KT2 pCi
232Th/l (4126).
Pertsov (4097) calculates the concentration of 232Th in the world
ocean to be 0. 5 x 10~2 pCi/1.
In the Atlantic ocean the activity ratio of 228Th/232Th is about 15
at all depths (4067).
Biological importance: All thorium radionuclides are naturally-
occurring and contribute to the radiation background of the biosphere.
URANIUM
Radioisotope Half-life Emissions Decay Product
234U 2. 47 x 105 years a Y 230Th
235U 7.1 x 108 years a Y 231Th (4043)
238U 4. 51 x 109 years a Y 234Th
Source: Both 235U and 238U are from a natural source (4043).
234U is the daughter of 234Pa in the decay chain of 238U (4207).
Prescribed MPC in drinking water: 234U - 3 x 10"2 |j,Ci/kg
23 5U - 3 x 10 -2 fiCi/kg (4008)
- 4 xio"z i
Recommended MPC in sea water: 235U - 1. 0 x 10 |j.Ci/kg (4044)
238U - 1.7 x 10-5 HL Ci/kg
Coastal water concentrations:
Oceanic water concentrations: The uranium concentration in the
Pacific Ocean increases to a maximum of approximately 1 km depth
(4097). In the east Pacific the uranium content is reported to be
2.49 R.g/1 (4187). The average concentration in well mixed sea water
is reported to be 3. 3 |ig/l = 2. 2 PQA (Sugimura 4095; Burton 4.187).
Pertsov (4097) has calculated the U and 238U concentration in the
world ocean to be 0. 08 pCi 235U/1 and 3 pCi 238U/1.
153
-------
238
Biological importance: U contributes most of the alpha radiation
in sea water (4048).
Reported concentration in sea food is less than 1 x 10 (4044).
YTTRIUM
Radioisotope Half-life Emissions Decay Product
9°Y 64. 0 hours 6' 9°Zr (4043)
91Y 58.8 days P" 91Zr
Source: 90Y daughter of 9°Sr (4043)
9*Y - fission product (4009)
Prescribed MFC in drinking water: 9°Y - 2 x 10"2 |j.Ci/kg
91Y - 3 xlO-^fiCi/kg (4008)
Recommended MFC in sea water: 91Y - 7. 0 x 10~2 fiCi/kg (4044)
Coastal water concentrations:
Oceanic water concentrations:
91
Biological importance: Reported concentration factor for Y in
sea food is 1 x 10 (4044). Relatively low levels are accumulated
from sea water by marine fishes (4185). Harmful effects wer e
observed in fish maintained in sea water containing a °(-)Sr-°"Y
concentration of 10"10 c/1 (100 pCi/1) (4081).
Reported values in marine biological samples:
Work on uptake, retention, distribution, turnover and food chains:
Removal of ' Y from sea water by microorganisms (4109).
Laboratory uptake and exchange of 90y by phytoplankton (4110,4113).
Laboratory uptake of "Y from sea water by algae (4173). Many
species of algae concentrate ^Oy over ' Sr (4009,4096).
154
-------
In general the red and green algae concentrated 9°Y but very little
was taken up by the brown algae (4172).
Laboratory uptake by Artemia show °^Y is preferred over 90gr
(4170).
Laboratory uptake of 9°Y and 91Y by an eel (417.1).
Laboratory uptake by marine fish (4111,4185).
ZINC
Radioisotope Half-life Emissions Decay Product
65Zn 245 days (EC)Y,P+ 65Cu (4043)
Source: Neutron induced by reaction ^^Zn(n y ) Zn in nuclear
tests and reactors. Some "^Zn occurs in fallout, but the major
source in the northeast Pacific comes from coolant waters of
Hanford Atomic Products which are expelled into the Columbia
River (4043,4069,4049).
Prescribed MFC in drinking water: 1 x 10"1 |a Ci/kg (4008)
Recommended MPC in sea water: 1. 2 x 10 ~5 JJL Ci/kg (4044)
65
Coastal water concentrations: By the time Zn from Hanford reaches
the ocean it is largely associated with sediment particles (.4035).
At the Columbia River mouth the average concentration of Zn
remaining in solution from January 1961 to September 196.1 and
November 1961 to June 1962 were 21 pCi/1 and 5. 1 pCi/1 respectively
(4050).
The background °Zn concentration in coastal water off lower
California, out of the Columbia River influence, was estimated to
be 0.45 pCi/1 using Zn concentrations found in organisms and
reported concentration factors. Compiled data from lower California
indicate that levels of Zn from fallout have established a relatively
constant specific activity in the coastal environment equal to
0. 05 - 2. 69 pCi 65Zn/mg Zn (4019).
155
-------
The amount of Zn discharged into the Pacific by the Columbia
River depends on the number of reactors in operation at Hanford.
Upon entering the ocean some of the particle-bound Zn is dis-
placed by the sea water, but the remainder has little tendency to
displace even after long exposure time (4031). In sediment samples
collected near the Columbia River mouth °5Zn was abundant with
1963 values ranging from 10-50 pCi/g dry wt (4034,4037). In 1963,
sediments containing detectable quantities of °5Zn were reported to
cover an area of 2,600 km2 on the Continental Shelf near the river
mouth and in Willapa Bay (4035).
Oceanic water concentrations: Concentrations of °5Zn in Pacific
Ocean waters adjacent to Washington and Oregon vary with season,
position of the Columbia River "plume" of freshwater, and
operations of the Hanford Atomic Energy'Works. A typical value
for 65 zn in unfiltered "plume" water 50 nautical miles offshore
from Newport, Oregon in June 1965 was 120 pCi/1.
Biological importance; Of the radionuclides from Hanford which
reach the ocean, Zn is probably the most important biologically.
It is concentrated greatly by most marine organisms and has been
found in sufficient quantities to be detected readily in nearly all
marine organisms collected near the Columbia River (4032,4033,
4069,4071,4072,4074,4010). The activity levels present constitute
no health hazard to man, but provide a useful tool in ecological
studies. (4049). A reported concentration factor of Zn in sea
food is 5 x 103 (4044).
Zinc-65 is also important because it has been found in the discharge
water of some nuclear steam electric plants (4041,4194).
Five years after the Bravo event, a nuclear explosion in the South
Pacific, Zn was one of the principle radionuclides in marine
organisms (4148).
Reported values in marine biological samples: The direction the
Columbia River plume moves is determined by the prevailing
winds and currents along the Washington, Oregon, and California
coasts. In the winter the plume moves northward and onshore while
in the summer it travels southward and offshore (4035,4093,4102).
156
-------
This change of direction has a large influence on the levels of
"-"Zn present in marine organisms throughout the year.
The distribution of mean °^2n values for unsorted plankton caught
in #6 mesh net off the Washington and Oregon coast between January
.196! and December 1963 as given by Lewis and Seymour (4010):
pCi/g wet weight
Location Winte r Spring Summer Autumn
Nearshore Washington coast 200 160 29 .19
Offshore from mouth 130 200 110 36
Nearshore Oregon coast 62 160 69 41
Maximum Zn values occurred in winter off the Washington coast.
In the spring values increased off the Columbia River mouth and
southward and in the southern offshore area, reached a maximum in
the summer. The autumn season was characterized by minimum
values in all areas.
The °Zn levels in intertidal organisms generally decrease with
distance from the Columbia River. The average Zn concentra-
tions in mussels collected from 1961-1963 are given by Seymour
and Lewis (4093):
Location _ Distance from Columbia _ pCi "^Zn/g wet
Cape Flattery
Hoh Head
Kala Loch
Copalis Rocks
Westport
North Head
North Jetty
Cannon Beach
Nehalem
Barview
Agate Beach
Coos Bay
150 miles
110
90
70
45
0
0
25
40
50
110
200
12
30
22
33
50
97
95
32
25
10
10
5
Seymour and Lewis (4093) showed that the distance from the Columbia
River where ^^Zn activity in mussels decreased to one-half that
157
-------
found at the mouth was 32. 2 km to the south and 64. 4 km to the
north. In a similar study on mussels in 1966, Mellinger (4128)
found the distance to be 24 km to the south and 96. 5 km to the
north. Mellinger found that .Zn values in mussels collected 322 km.
south of the Columbia River mouth had still not decie ased to 10%
of that found at the mouth. The ^5Zn concentration in mussels at
La Jolla, California, out of the Columbia River influence, was
31 - 36 pCi/kg wet in 1963 (4027).
pCi/g wet weight
Location
Illwaco, Wa.
Illwaco, Wa.
Illwacos Wa.
Long Beach, Wa.
Long Beach, Wa.
Long Beach, Wa.
Seaside, Or.
Seaside, Or.
Year
1957
1959
I960
1957
1959
I960
1959
I960
Algae
27
110
90
Mussel
28
100
147
38
Razor Clam
10
19
24
21
17
Values of 65 Zn in algae, mussels, oysters, and razor clams collected
from Washington and Oregon coast in 1957, 1959, and I960 are given
by Watson, Davis and Hanson (4022).
Values of "5Zn in euphausiids , salps, sergestids, viperfish and
other fish collected 15-125 miles off Astoria, Newport, and Coos
Bay during 1960-1962 are given by Osterberg (4069).
Zn concentration in euphausiids collected within 10 miles of Astoria
in 1962 was 46. 7 pCi/g freeze dried wt. Other values for euphausiids
collected farther than 10 miles offshore are given by Osterberg, et a.l.
(4032,4033,4074). ~~ '
n values reported for coastal organisms by Setser and Razzell
(4007) are:
Tillamook Bay clams
Tillamook Bay crab meat
Tillamook Bay oysters
Astoria crab meat
2. 5 pCi/g live wt (flesh and body fluids)
15 pCi/g live wt
20 pCi/g live wt
19 pCi/g live wt
158
-------
Zn values are reported for coastal organisms by Toombs et al.
(4143,4196,4094). ~"
The Zn values of marine organisms collected near La Jolla,
California, ranged between 0. 01 - 0. 2 pCi/g fresh, wt. (4029).
The 65zn concentration of Grays Harbor oysters collected on
March 24, 19 64 ranged from 28. 8 86. 3 pCi/g wet wt (4129).
Values of Zn in juvenile coho salmon collected at sea from
Washington to the Alaskan Gulf ranged from 5. 8 -7.0 pCi/g ash in
1967. Fish collected in 1968 generally had lower values but had a
range of 0. 8 - 129. 8 pCi/g ash (4134).
Zinc-65 levels in salmon viscera, herring, and anchovies
collected in the summer of 1964 are reported by Kujala (4114)
as follows:
Species
Chinook
Sockeye
Coho
Herring
Anchovies
St. of Juan
de Fuca
44. 88
2. 28
43. 71
Astoria
49. 15
59. 28
pCi/g dry wt
Depoe Bay
81.87
44.98
52. 28
52.76
Eureka
43. 04
Albacore tuna collected offshore had Zn levels in their livers
ranging from 10 100 pCi/g ash. Off Oregon, values increased
during July through September to about 10 times higher than those
in early July (4146).
The Zn specific activity in Pacific hake collected in April 1969
ranged from 0. 0098 JJL C 65Zn/g Zn in the skin to 0. 0925|aCi Zn/g Zn
in the spleen. These values are less than those reported in the
previous year (4132).
Work on uptake, retention, distribution turnover tates, and food
chains: Laboratory uptake studies of °5Zn in diatoms were reported
by Bernhard (4127).
159
-------
Laboratory uptake and retention of ^5Zn by benthic algae was
followed by Gutknecht (4059) who reported that increasing pH
promoted uptake and retarded loss of^5Zn in some marine benthic
algae.
Uptake of Zn by marine benthic algae was studied by Bachmann
and Odum (4124).
Uptake of Zn by phy to plankton was examined by Chipman (4155),
who also studied ^Zn uptake and accumulation by marine plankton,
fish, and shellfish (4051).
Transfer of ^Zn through a laboratory food chain of phy toplankton ,
brine shrimp, post-larval fish, and mummichog was studied by
Baptist and Lewis (4153). Uptake from fo^od was a generally more
efficient pathway by all trophic levels except the second.
Uptake of "Zn by- foraminiferans (4156).
Elimination rates of °Zn calculated for copepods, pyrosoma,
sagitta, euphausiids, and pteropods (4157).
Laboratory uptake and retention of Zn by marine amphipods was
studied by Cross (4151), who concluded that accumulation is temper
ature dependent.
Laboratory uptake and retention of Zn by Euphausia pacifica was
followed by Fowler (4198,4144), who observed increased accumula-
tion with increased temperature.
Distributional studies of °^Zn in amphipods and euphausiids by
Cross (4133) showed that the exoskeleton was the predominant site
of localization.
Laboratory uptake of °5Zn and the effects of EDTA on uptake by
shrimp (4130).
Laboratory study of 5Zn turnover in the. shore crab and lobster
(4.13.1).
Field and laboratory studies on retention of Zn by the salt marsh
snail, Littorina irrorata. (4121,4122).
160
-------
Laboratory uptake of Zn by mussels in the presence of EDTA (4147).
An environmental retention study of Zn in the mussel Mytilus
calif ornianus by Young and Folsom (4027) showed the effecti/e
half-life was 58 days with a biological half-life of 82 days,
Environmental uptake and retention studies of ®zn in oysters
indicate that for the first 60 days accumulation ranged from
1/2 - 2 pCi/g (dry)/day; after 200 days the rate was about
1/4 pCi/g (dry) /day. Steady state was not reached until after 500'
days. Loss rates were relatively constant at about 0. 55%/day.
The effective half-life was 125 days with a biological half-life of
255 days (4123).
Uptake studies of ^^Zn by oysters by Skauen (4139) suggest that
temperature had no effect on uptake rate.
Laboratory uptake and retention studies of Zn by hard clams,
oysters, and bay scallops (4176).
Environmental °^Zn specific activity in shrimp and sculpin from the
Columbia River estuary show season variation with the peak values
during the summer (4135).
Field and laboratory studies of "^Zn retention by the flounder
(4199,4138). Field study gave an ecological half-life of 139 days and
laboratory study gave effective half-lives of 56-162 days.
Laboratory uptake studies of Zn in the flounder by Hoss (4145)
showed that higher levels of "Zn were concentrated from food
than from water.
Laboratory uptake of Zn in fish was followed by Townsley (4140),
who concluded that accumulation was directly from the water by
ingestion or through the gills.
Laboratory retention studies of °5Zn in fish by Schulman (4141)
produced an inverse relationship between temperature and excretion
rate.
Environmental levels of Zn in fish show that omnivorous and
carnivorous fish both concentrate Zn (4149).
161
-------
Pearcy (4078) found zinc-65 in pelagic animals from all depths to be
fairly constant as the result of a long biological half -life for Zn.
Measurements of °5Zn reservoirs in the Columbia River estuary
(4150) indicate that surface sediments are by far the major reservoir
of °^Zn jn the estuary.
In a field study of the flux of ^Zn. through a salt marsh ecosystem
Pomeroy et al, (4200) showed that sediments and bacteria in the
sediment take up °^Zn rapidly, but transfer it to the biota slowly.
Uptake and retention of "Zn in man from consuming Columbia River
fish resulted in. highest body burdens after 104 days (4023,4016).
Of the Zn ingested 32 - 35% was retained with an effective half -life
of 162 days. Ninety percent of the "^Zn eliminated was in the feces.
Concentration factors of "Zn in various marine organisms are
given by Hiyama (4062), McKee and Wolf (4100), Seymour (4123),
and Mauchline and Temp.leton (4126).
ZIRCONIUM and NIOBIUM
Radioisotope Half-life Emissions Decay Product
95Zr 65. 5 days p " Y 95Nb (4043)
95Nb 35 days 6" y 95Mo
Source: 95zr is a fission product and occurs in the Northeastern
Pacific as a result of nuclear weapons testing (4057,4072,4093).
95Nb is the daughter of 95Zr (4043).
Prescribed MPC in drinking water: 95Zr - 6 x 10~2 (j.Ci/kg (4008)
95Nb - 1 x lO'Vci/kg (4008)
Recommended MPC in sea water: 95Zr - 6. 0 x 10~4 |j.Ci/kg (4044)
Nb - 5. 0 x 10-3 p.Ci/kg (4044)
Coastal water concentrations: When reporting activity levels, ^Zr
and 95j\jb are generally considered as if they were one radionuclide
because with most routine counting techniques it is not possible to
162
-------
distinguish between the two and, if " Zr is present, 95Nb will
result from its decay (4057,4072,4050).
Except near the Columbia River mouth, concentrations of Zr-95Nb
in surface coastal waters is greatly reduced ( < 4 pCi/1) compared
to oceanic values (4035,4057). Columbia River water has higher
Zr- Nb concentrations because the fresh river water remains
as a lens and is not rapidly mixed (4035). The average ^^Zr- Nb
concentration at the mouth of the Columbia River from Nov. 1961
to June 196Z was 4. 5 pCi/1 with a maximum of 16 pCi/1 (4050).
Because Zr-Nb are ^e resu^ of fa]jout and have relatively
short half-lives, the amount of nuclear testing and physical decay
greatly affect their concentration in sea water. After the cessation
of atmospheric testing in 1963 the " Zr- Nb in benthic organisms
rapidly decreased (4049).
Oceanic water concentrations: The concentration of " Zr-95]\fb jn
oceanic waters is generally greater than that in coastal waters
(4035,4057).
Biological importance: Zr is not important to biological functions
and is not retained by organisms for any significant time (4049).
In oceanic samples, ^^Zr- Nb was concentrated by primary producers
and herbivores , not carnivores (4072). Its presence in both surface
and bottom organisms suggests a rapid transfer to the bottom
(4049,4071).
Reported values in marine biological samples:
Organism Bay Date
Clam Mya
Clam Mya
Oysters
Oysters
Oysters
Dungeness Crab
Dungeness Crab
Dungeness Crab
Euphausiids
Euphausiids
T ilia mo ok
Winchester
Tillamook
Yaquina
Coos Bay
Astoria
Tillamook
Yaquina
15 miles off
45-105 miles off
Dec. 61-Jul 63
Feb 62-Oct 62
Feb 62-Jul 63
Apr 62
Feb 63 '
Mar 62-Jul 63
Feb 62-May 63
Dec 62
Cone, of 95Zr-95Nb
0. 2-4. 4 pCi/g wet wt.
0.3-1. 2
<0. 1-0. 6
0.3 (4143)
0.4
<0.1-0. 5
<0. 09-1.4
<0.1
<10 pCi/g (4070)
highest
values (4070)
163
-------
Work on uptake, retention, distribution, turnover and food chains:
Transfer of 9^Zr- Nb to depth in the ocean is thought to be
mainly through biologicalprocesses (4049,4070). However, the
total reservoir of ' Zr- Nb in oceanic animals is almost entirely
restricted to the surface waters (4078).
Q c Q C
In environmental samples ' Zr- Nb was concentrated in primary
producers and herbivores but decreased rapidly after these first
two trophic levels (4049 .,4072).
Uptake of ' Zr-° Nb by fish is believed to be mainly through the
gills (4171).
In offshore benthic organisms " Zr-" Nb was found only in the
sediment feeding organisms (4049).
164
-------
APPENDIX 8. ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF
PLANTS AND ANIMALS
by James E. McCauley and Danil R. Hancock
This checklist has been compiled from the scientific literature
and collection records available. Although every attempt was
made to be exhaustive in our search of the literature, there are
undoubtedly omissions. The authors assume full responsibility
for these omissions and request that anyone finding such an
oversight or other error will call it to their attention. Some
species, dealt with more fully in the main body of this report,
are included in this appendix and the reader is referred to the
proper pages in Chapter 20, thus
See also Chapter 20
p. 246
The authors wish to acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Emory Sutton
for collecting the information on the various phytoplankton groups,
to Gary Gill for the macroalgae, to Nancy Blind for the fishes, to
Diane Dean and Nancy Blind for much of the invertebrate information.
A number of abbreviations have been used in the annotations:
Dist: Distribution
Hab: Habitat
Coll: Collection sites
Str&Repro: Structure and reproduction
Tax: Taxonomy
Ref: General references
Desc: Description
Repro: Reproduction
Temp: Temperature data
Econ: Economics
165
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Division CHRYSOPHYTA 175
Order Bacillariales - Diatoms 175
Suborder: Discineae 175
Family Coscinodiscaceae 175
Eupodiscaceae 179
Actinodiscaceae 179
Biddulphiaceae 180
Chaetoceraceae 182
Bacteriastaceae 187
Corethronaceae 187
Rhizosoleniaceae 187
Leptocycindraceae 189
Fragilariaceae 189
Tabellariaceae 190
Naviculaceae 191
Bacillarlaceae 192
Silicoflagellaceae 193
Division PYRROPHYTA 193
ALGAE - CHLOROPHYTA 196
ALGAE - PHAEOPHYTA 217
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA 241
Division ANGIOSPERMAE 288
PHYLUM PROTOZOA 288
Class: SARCODINA 288
Order: Lobosa 288
Suborder: Amoebaea 288
Suborder: Conchulina 289
Order: Reticulosa 289
Suborder: Foraminifera 289
Order: Heliozoa 303
Suborder: Aphrothoracidae 303
Suborder: Chalarothoracidae 304
Order: Radiolaria 304
Class: MASTIGOPHORA 305
Class: CILIA TA 316
Class: SUCTORIA 325
PHYLUM PORIFERA 328
167
-------
Page
PHYLUM COELENTERATA (CNIDARIA) 333
Class: HYDROZOA 333
Order: A. Hydro! da 333
Suborder: Calyptoblastea (Leptomedusa) 333
Suborder: Gymnoblasta 339
Order: Milleporina 342
Order: Trachylina 342
Order: Siphonophora 343
Class: SCYPHOZOA 344
Class: ANTHOZOA 446
Class: INCERTAE SEDIS
PHYLUM CTENOPHORA 350
PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES 351
Class: TURBELLARIA 351
Class: TREMATODA 355
Order: Monogenea 355
Order: Digenea 355
Class: CESTODA 358
PHYLUM NEMERTEA 358
PHYLUM ACANTHOCEPHALA 362
PHYLUM PRIAPULIDA 362
PHYLUM NEMATODA 362
PHYLUM ENTOPROCTA 364
PHYLUM ECTOPROCTA 365
Class: CTENOSTOMATA 365
Class: CYCLOSTOMATA 367
Class: CHEILOSTOMATA 370
PHYLUM PHORONIDA 386
PHYLUM BRACHIOPODA 386
PHYLUM SIPUNCULOIDEA 387
PHYLUM ECHIUROIDEA 388
PHYLUM ANNELIDA 388
Class: POLYCHAETA 388
168
-------
Page
PHYLUM ARTHROPOD A 440
Subphylum: CHELICERATA 440
Class: PYCNOGONIDA 440
ARACHNIDA 444
Subphylum: MANDIBULATA 445
Class: CRUSTACEA 445
Subclass: Branchiopoda 445
Ostracoda 446
Copepoda 446
Class: BRANCHIURA 462
Subclass: Cirripedia 462
Malacostraca 465
Order: Mysidacea 465
Cumacea 468
Tanaidacea 470
Isopoda 471
Suborder: Valvifea 471
Bopyroidea 473
Oniscoidea 474
Asellota 477
Flabellifera 479
Order: Amphipoda 482
Suborder: Gammaridea 482
Hyperiidea 492
Caprellidea 494
Order: Euphausiacea 495
Order: Decapoda 497
Class: INSECTA 512
PHYLUM CHAETOGNATHA 518
PHYLUM MOLLUSCA 520
Class: AMPHINEURA 520
SCAPHOPODA 527
PELECYPODA 528
Family: Nuculidae 528
Nuculanidae 528
Glycymerididae 530
Philobryidae 531
Mytilidae 531
Ostreidae 534
Pectinidae 535
Anomiidae 536
Chamidae 536
Asteridae 537
169
-------
Page
PHYLUM MOLLUSCA continued
Family: Carditidae 537
Erycinidae 538
Kelliidae 538
Leptonidae 539
Montacutidae 539
Vesicomyacidae 540
Turtoniidae 540
Lucinidae 540
Thyasiridae 541
Diplodonidae 542
Ungulinidae 542
Cardiidae 542
Veneridae 543
Petricolidae 547
Cooperellidae 547
Mactridae 547
Tellinidae 549
Garidae 552
Semelidae 552
Solenidae 553
Myidae 554
Pholadidae 555
Teredinidae 557
Pandoridae 557
Lyonsiidae 557
Thraciidae 558
Poromyidae 558
Cuspidariidae 559
Laternulidae 559
Class: GASTROPODA 559
Subclass: Prosobranchia 559
Family: Acmaeidae 559
Lepetidae 564
Scissurellidae 665
Haliotidae 565
Fissurellidae 566
Tr^jchidae 567
Carinariidae 571
Epitoniidae 572
Eulimidae 573
Cocculinidae 573
170
-------
Page
PHYLUM MOLLUSCA continued
Family: Turbinidae 573
Phasianellidae 574
Littorinidae 574
Lacunidae 57 6
Assimineidae 577
Rissoidae 577
Turritellidae 578
Caecidae 578
Vermetidae 579
Cerithiidae 579
Litiopidae 581
Hipponicidae 582
Calyptraeidae 582
Trichopidae 584
Natieidae 584
Lamellariidae 586
Velutinidae 586
Eratoidae 587
Cymatiidae 587
Muricidae 588
Thaisidae 591
Buccinidae 592
Neptuneidae 593
Columbellidae 59 5
Nassariidae 597
Fusinidae 598
Mitridae 598
Marginallidae 598
Olividae 599
Conidae 600
Turridae 600
Borosiinae 601
Cochlespirinae 603
Mangeliinae 604
Subclass: Opisthobranchia 605
Family: Bullidae 605
Atgidae 605
Retusidae 605
Philinidae 606
Agilijidae 606
Gastropteron 606
Pyramidellidae 606
171
-------
PHYLUM MOLLUSCA continued Page
Family: Scaphandriadae 610
Acteonidae 611
Ringigulidae 611
Pleurobranchidae 611
A.plysiidae 612
Hermaeidae 612
Elysiidae 612
Cavolinidae 612
Clionidae 613
Cymbaliidae 613
Pheumodermatidae 614
Desmopteriidae 614
Limacinidae 614
Spiratellidae 614
Polyceridae 615
Onchidoridinae 616
Corambidae 617
Dorididae 618
Armihidae 621
Dendrodoridiae 622
Dendronatidae 622
Duvauceliidae 623
Fimbriidae 623
Dironidae 624
Okeniidae 624
Zephyrinidae 625
Fionidae 625
Aeolidiidae 626
Aeolidiinae 626
Subclass: Pulmonata 627
Family: Ellobiidae 627
Siphonaria 627
Trimusculus 627
Incertae sedis Onchidiidae 627
Class: CEPHALOPOD 628
PHYLUM E CHIN ODER MA TA 631
Class: ASTEROID 631
ECHINOIDS 635
HOLOTHUROIDS 637
OPHIUROIDS 639
PHYLUM CH OR DAT A 641
Class: LARVACEA 641
ASCIDIACEA 641
THALLIACEA 645
AGNATHA 646
172
-------
PHYLUM CHORDATA continued Page
Order: Myxiniform.es 646
Family: Mixinidae 646
Order: Petromyzonti formes 647
Family: Petr omyzontidae 647
Class: CHONDRICHTHES 647
Order; Squaliformes 647
Family: Hexanchide 647
Lamnidae 648
Scyliorhinidae 648
Carcharhinidae 649
Squalidae 650
Squatinidae 650
Order; Rajaformes 651
Family: Torpedinidae 651
Rajidae 651
Dasyatidae 652
Myliobatidae 653
Order: Chimaeriformes 653
Family: Chimaeridae 653
Class: OSTEICHTHYS 653
Order: Acipenseriformes 653
Family: Acipensiridae 653
Order: Clupeiformes 654
Family: Clupeidae 654
Engraulidae 656
Salmonidae 657
Osmeridae 660
Bathylagidae 662
Opisthoproctidae 662
Paralepidae 662
Anotopteridae 663
Order: Mytophiform.es 663
Family: Mytophidae 663
Alepisauridae 664
Order: Anguilliform.es 665
Family: Nemichthyidae 665
Order: Beloriformes 665
Family: Scomberesocidae 665
Malacosteidae 666
Chaeliodontidae 666
Order: Gadiformes 666
Family: Gadidae 666
Order: Gasterosteiformes 668
Family: Gasterosteidae 668
Aulorhynchidae 668
Syngnathidae 668
173
-------
PHYLUM CHOEDATA continued Page
Order: Lampidriformes 669
Family: Lamprididae 669
Trachipteridae 669
Order: Perciformes 670
A7 n
Family: Serranidae DMJ
Coryphaenidae 670
Bramidae 671
Sciaenidae "71
Embiotocidae 672
Scombridae
Gobiidae
Scorpaenidae 679
Anoplopomatidae 686
Hexagrammida 687
Zaniolepidae 689
Cottidae 689
Agonidae 701
Cyclopteridae 704
Trichodontidae 707
Ammodytidae 708
Bathymasteridae 708
Clinidae 708
Anarhichadidae 709
Pholidae 709
Stichaenidae 711
Ptilichthyidae 715
Zoarcidae 715
Scytalinidae 717
Zaproridae 717
Brotulidae 717
Stromateidae 717
Tetragonuridae 718
Icosteidae 718
Sphyraenidae 718
Atherinidae 719
Order: Pleuronectiformes 719
Family: Bothidae 719
Pleuronectidae 720
Order: Echeneiformes 725
Family: Echeneidae 725
Order; Gobiesociform.es 726
Family: Gobiesocidae 726
Order; Tetradontiform.es 726
Family: Molidae 726
Order: Batrachoidiformes 727
Family: Batrachoididae 727
Class: AVES 727
Class: MAMMALIA 737
174
-------
Division: CHRYSOPHYTA
Order: Bacillariales Diatoms
Suborder: Discineae
Family: Coscinodiscaceae
Actinocyclus ehrenbergii - (7030)
Dist: Wash: Puget Sound (7030)
Coscinodiscus angstii Gran (1931) - (7029, p75)
Dist: Wash: Puget Sound (7017 , pi 03), (7030)
Hab: Temperate, neritic (7017 , pi 03); southerly, neritic (7029 , p75)
Coscinodiscus centralis Ehrenberg - (7000,p60)
Dist: Temperate or north temperate species. Abundance not known,
but not uncommon north to Alaska (7000, p6l)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (7030), (7017 , pi 02); Calif: Trinidad Head-
Eel River, north of Cape Mendocino (7014)
Hab: Probably oceanic (7000, p6l); oceanic (7029,p74)
Coscinodiscus concinnus - (7030)
Dist: Wash: Puget Sound (7030); Calif: (7000,p58)
Hab: Neritic (7000, p58)
Coscinodiscus curvatulus Grunow - (7000,p55)
Dist: Reported occasionally off Calif. Found in all oceans (7000, p55)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (7030)
Hab: Neritic (7000, p55)
Coscinodiscus excentricus Ehrenberg - (7000,p52)
Dist: Wide; common but never abundant off Calif. (7000, p52)
Coll: Alaska: inshore Alaskan waters (7028), Alaska (7029);
Wash: Puget Sound (701 7 , pi 02), (7030); Ore: off Newport
(7031); Calif: Trinidad Head-Eel River, north of Cape
Mendocino (7014)
Hab: Oceanic (7029. p74) but often found near coast (7000, p52);
temperate oceanic (7017, pi 02)
Coscinodiscus granii Gough - (7029 , p75);(7000, p56)
Dist: Widespread; not uncommon off Calif. Greatest abundance in
Mission Bay near San Diego. North temperate or boreal
species (7000,p57)
Coll: Alaska: (7029 , p75); Wash: Puget Sound (7017 , p!03), (7030)
Hab: Neritic (7000, p57); temperate neritic (7017,pl03); southerly
neritic (7029, p75)
175
-------
PHYTOPLANKTON CHRYSOPHYTA - Coscinodiscaceae
Coscinodiscus lineatus Ehrenberg - (7000,p53)
Dist: Reported occasionally off Calif. Found in all oceans (7000, p53)
Hab: Chiefly oceanic but frequently neritic (7000, p53)
Coscinodiscus marginatus Ehrenberg - (7000, p55)
Dist: Wide; found in all oceans sporadically. Not common off
Calif. (7000, p56)
Coll: Ore: Inshore stations, Columbia River (7010)
Coscinodiscus nitidus Greg. - (7029,p74)
Dist: Alaska to Calif.
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 , p74); Calif: (7000, p55)
Hab: Temperate neritic (7029, p74) in coastal waters of all seas
(7000,p55)
Coscinodiscus radiatus Ehrenberg - (7017,p!02)
Dist: Ubiquitous (7000,p56)
Coll: Alaska: inshore Alaskan waters (7028), Scotch Cap Light
(7029, p74); Wash: Puget Sound (7030), (7017, pi 02)
Hab: Oceanic, temperate (7017 , pi 02), (7029 , p74); oceanic and neritic
(7000,p56)
Coscinodiscus stellaris (7014)
Dist: Wash, to Calif.
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (7017 , pi 02), (7030); Calif: Trinidad Head-
Eel River; north of Cape Mendocino (7014)
Hab: Oceanic, temperate (7017 , pi 02)
Coscinodiscus wailesii - (7030)
Dist: Not uncommon off Calif. (7000, p58)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (7030)
Coscinosira polychorda Gran - (7000, p44)
Dist: Widely; not uncommon off southern Calif, but never in large
numbers (7000, p45)
Coll: Alaska: (7029 , p74); Wash: Puget Sound (7017 , pi 03), (7030);
Calif: Trinidad Head-Eel River; north of Cape Mendocino (7014)
Hab: Neritic. North temperate species (7000, p45), (7029,p74)
Melosira borreri - (7019)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (7019)
176
-------
PHYTOPLANKTON - CHRYSOPHYTA - Coscinodiscaceae
Melosira moniliformis (Muller) Agardh (7000, p39)
Hab: Very common in littoral zone. Occurs in plankton accidentally
(tychopelagic). Cold-water species.
Melosira sulcata (Ehrenberg) Kiitzing (7000, p40)
Dist: Alaska to Calif.
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 , p?5); Wash: Puget Sound
(7017, p!03); Calif: (7000, P40)
Hab: Neritic and littoral. Tychopelagic (7017 , pi 03 ), (7029 , p75).
Found occasionally in plankton catches off southern Calif.
(7000, p40)
Planktoniella sol - (7023)
Dist: Wash, to Calif; not uncommon off southern Calif. (7000, p68)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (7030); S. Calif: (7023)
Skeletonema costatum (Greville) Cleve (7000, p43)
Dist: Widely distributed in all seas. One of our most abundant
species, particularly from Feb. through Apr. Recorded
up to nearly 2,000,000 cells /liter (7000, p43); Wash.
to Calif. (7020)
Coll: Alaska: (7026); Alaskan waters (7022)(7026)(7028); Wash: Puget
Sound (7030)(7017,pl03); Ore: Coos Bay Region (7019 ); off
Newport (7031); Calif: Trinidad Head-Eel River; north of
Cape Mendocino (7014); S. Calif: (7021) (7023)
Hab: Neritic (7000,p43); temperate (7017, p!03) (7029, p75)
Note: Temp, inform. Grew 5 ° -25 °C (7015 ) to 30 °C (7008)
6°-28° + C (7009)
Stephanopyxis nipporiica Gran and Yendo - (7000, p43)
Dist: North temperate or arctic species (7000, p43); never abundant.
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 , p7 5); Wash: Puget Sound
(7030) (7 01 7, pi 03); Ore: off Newport (7031)
Hab: Neritic (7000 , p43) (7029 , p75)
Stephanopyxis Palme riana (Grev) Grun. - (7014) (7000 , p40)
Coll: Alaska: (7029 , p75); Wash: Puget Sound (7017 , pi 03) (7030);
Calif: Trinidad Head-Eel River; north of Cape Mendocino
(7014)
Hab: Neritic, temperate (7017, pi 03) (7029, p75)
•177
-------
PHYTOPLANKTON - CHRYSOPHYTA - Coscinodiscaceae
Stephanopyxis turris (Greville and Arnott) Ralfs - (7000,p40)
Dist: Not abundant off southern Calif, and in Gulf of Calif. (7000,p40)
Coll: Alaska: inshore waters (7028); Calif: Trinidad Head-Eel River;
north of Cape Mendocino (7014) (7000, p40)
Hab: Neritic. Temperate and subtropical species. Fairly common
(7000,p40)
Thalassiosira aestivalis Gran and Angst - (7029, p75) (7000,p47)
Dist: Reported off southern Calif, but distribution in time and
abundance not yet known (7000,p47)
Coll: Alaska: (7029 , p75); Wash: Puget Sound (7017 , pi 03) (7030)
Calif: Trinidad Head-Eel River; north of Cape Mendocino
(7014)
Hab: Neritic (7000, p47), temperate (7017 , pi 03)
Thalassiosira baltica - (7020)
Dist: Seattle to San Diego (7020)
Thalassiosira bioculata - (7030)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (7030)
Thalassiosira condensata Cleve - (7017,p!03)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 , p75); Wash: Puget Sound
(7017,pi 03) (7030)
Hab: Neritic, temperate (7017 , pi 03) (7029 , p75)
Thalassiosira decipiens (Grunow) Jorgensen - (7000, p48)
Dist: North temperate species. Reported in Gulf of Calif. Present
but never abundant off southern Calif. (7000, p48)
Coll: Alaska: inshore waters (7028) (7029 ,-p74); Wash: Puget Sound
(7030) (7017, pi 03); Ore: inshore stations. Columbia River
(7010), Coos Bay (7019), Coquille Pt. (7019); S. Calif: (7021).
inshore (7026)
Hab: Neritic (7000, p48) (7029 , p75)
Thalassiosira gravida Cl. (7029, p74)
Dist: Alaska to San Diego (7020)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 . p74)
Hab: Neritic (7029 , p74)
Thalassiosira hyalina - (7023)
Coll: S. Calif: (7023)
178
-------
PHYTOPLANKTON - BACILLARIALES Eupodiscaceae
Thalassiosira nordenskioldii Cl. (7029,p74)
Coll: Alaska: inshore waters (7022) (7029 , p74); Wash: Puget Sound
(7030); S. Calif: inshore (7026), Trinidad Head-Eel River,
north of Cape Mendocino (7014)
Hab: Neritic (7029 : p74)
Temp: (<2-19°C (7009)
Thalassiosira pacifica Gran (7017,p!03)
Coll: Alaska: (7029 , p75); Wash: Puget Sound (701 7 , pi 03) (7030)
Hab: Neritic, temperate (7017 , pi 03 )
Thalassiosira rotula Meunier (7000, p49)
Dist: Moderately common off southern Calif. Present in Gulf of
Calif, and north of Scotch Cap, Alaska (7000, p49)
Coll: Alaska: inshore waters (7028) (7029,p75); Wash: Puget Sound
(7017,p!03) (7030); Ore: off Newport (7031); Calif:
Trinidad Head-Eel River, north of Cape Mendocino (7014)
Hab: Neritic. Temperate and south temperate species (7000,p49)
(7029,p75)
Thalassiosira subtilis (Ostf. ) Gran - (7029, p74)
Coll: Alaska: (7029, p74); S. Calif: inshore (7026)
Hab: Oceanic (7029 , p74)
Family: Eupodiscaceae
Aulacodiscus argus (Ehr. ) A. Schm. -(7029,p74)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 , p74)
Hab: Neritic (7029, p74)
Family: Actinodiscaceae
Actinoptychus splendens - (7023)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (7030); S. Calif: (7023)
Actinoptychus undulatus (Bailey) Ralfs - (7000, p67)
Dist: Very wide (7000, p67)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap (7029 , p75); Wash: Puget Sound (7030)
(7017,p!03); S. Calif: (7023)
Hab: Neritic. Bottom form; frequently found in the plankton (7000, p67).
Tychopelagic (7017,pi 03) (7029,p75)
179
-------
PHYTOPLANKTON - BACILLARIALES - Actinodiscaceae
Asteromphalus heptactis (Breb. ) Ralfs -(7029,p74)
Dist: Scotch Cap, Alaska to Gulf of California (7000, p69)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap (7029 , p74); Wash: Puget Sound (7017 , pi 02);
Ore: off Newport (7031); S. Calif: (7023)
Hab: Temperate, oceanic (7017 , pi 02) (7029 ; p74)
Family: Biddulphiaceae
Biddulphia aurita (Lyngbye) Brebisson and Godey
Dist: Widespread, most abundant in northern (arctic and boreal)
seas. Very common at Scotch Cap, Alaska, especially
during April and May. Common off southern California
but never in large numbers (7000, pi 62)
Coll: Alaska: (7029 , p74); Wash: Puget Sound (7030), Grays Harbor
(3635); Ore: inshore stations, Columbia River (7010),off
Newport (7031); Calif: Trinidad Head-Eel River, north
of Cape Mendocino (7014)
Hab: Neritic and littoral (7000, pi 62) (7029, p74)
Biddulphia levis Ehr. -(7017,pl03)
Coll: Puget Sound (7 017, pi 03)
Hab: Tychopelagic (7017, pi 03)
Biddulphia longicruris Greville - (7000, pi 54)
Dist: Temperate to subtropical species. Reported north to
Straits of Juan de Fuca. Most abundant in warmer waters.
Common at Point Hueneme (7000, pi 56)
Coll: Alaska: (7029 , p74); Wash: Puget Sound (7017 , pi 03) (7030);
Ore: off Newport (7031); Calif: Trinidad Head-Eel River,
north of Cape Mendocino (7014)
Hab: Neritic (7000, pi 56); temperate (7017, pi 03) (7029, p74)
Biddulphia mobiliensis Bail. -(7029,p75)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (70-29 , p75); Wash: Puget Sound
(7030); Calif: (7000,p!53)
Hab: Neritic (7029, p7 5)
Biddulphia pulchella Gray - (7029,p75)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 , p75)
Hab: Tychopelagic (7029 , p75)
180
-------
PHYTOPLANKTON - CHRYSOPHYTA - Biddulphiaceae
Biddulphia rhombus (Ehrenberg) W. Smith - (7000, pi 63)
Dist: North temperate species. Rare off Calif. (7000,pl63)
Hab: Neritic (7000, pi 63)
Cerataulina Bergonii Perag. -(7017,pl03)
Dist: Common off Calif. Gulf of Calif, to Alaska (7000, pi 67)
Coll: Alaska: (7029 , p75); Wash: Puget Sound (7030) (7017 , pi 03);
Calif: Trinidad Head-Eel River, north of Cape Mendocino
(7014); S. Calif: (7023)
Hab: Neritic, temperate (7017 , pi 03 ) (7029 , p7 5)
Ditylum brightwellii (West) Grunow - (7000, p!48)
Dist: South temperate species. A common form off southern
Calif. , in Gulf of Calif. , and north to Scotch Cap,
Alaska. Never in very large numbers (7000,p!48)
Coll: Alaska: inshore waters (7028) (7029 , p75); Wash: Puget
Sound (7030) (7 017, pi 03); Ore: off Newport (7031);
Calif: Trinidad Head-Eel River, north of Cape Mendocino
(7014) "-
Hab: Neritic (7000, p!48) (7029,p75)
Eucampia zoodiacus Ehrenberg - (7000,p!45) (7017,pi 03)
Dist: South temperate species. Very widely distributed.
Often abundant off southern Calif. , especially from
March through July, and in Gulf of Calif. Common as
far north as Scotch Cap, Alaska (7000, p!46)
Coll: Alaska: inshore waters (7022), Scotch Cap (7029 , p75);
Wash: Puget Sound (7030) (7017 , pi 03); Ore: off Newport
(7031); Calif: Trinidad Head-Eel River, north of Cape
Mendocino (7014)
Hab: Neritic (7000, pi 46) (7029,p75)
Hemiaulus hauckii - (7023)
Coll: S. Calif: (7023)
Isthmia nervosa Kutz - (7029,p75)
Dist: Alaska to San Francisco (7000, pi 66)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 ; p75)
Hab: Tychopelagic (7029, p75)
Streptotheca thamesis Shrubs. -(7029,p74)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (7000, pi48)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 : p74)
Hab: Neritic (7029 , p74)
181
-------
PHYTOPLANKTON - CHRYSOPHYTA Chaetoceraceae
Family: Chaetoceraceae
Chaetoceros af finis Lauder - (7014) (7017, pi 03)
Coll: Alaska: (7029,p75); Wash: Puget Sound (7030) (701 7 , pi 03);
Ore: Blacklock Pt. region (7019); Calif: Trinidad Head-
Eel River, north of Cape Mendocino (7014)
Hab: Neritic, temperate (7017 , pi 03) (7029 ; p75)
Chaetoceros anastomosans (7030)
Coll: Puget Sound (7030)
Chaetoceros approximates Gran (7017,p!03)
Coll: Puget Sound (7017, pi 03) (7030)
Hab: Neritic, temperate (7017, pi 03)
Chaetoceros atlanticus - (7028) (7030)
Coll: Alaska: inshore waters (7028); Wash: Puget Sound (7030);
S. Calif: (7000, pi 03)
Hab: Oceanic
Chaetoceros compressus Lauder - (7000, pi 19)
Dist: Boreal to south temperate species. Very important
species off Calif, and lower Calif, coasts and in Gulf of
Calif. Very abundant off southern Calif, from March
through June and in some years again in November and
December (7000,p!20)
Coll: Alaska: inshore waters (7022); Wash: Puget Sound (7017,
p!03) (7030); Ore: Blacklock Pt. region (7019); Calif:
Trinidad Head-Eel River, north of Cape Mendocino (7014);
S. Calif: (7021) (7023)
Hab: Neritic (7000, pi 20) (7029,p74); temperate (7017,pi 03)
Chaetoceros concavicornis Mangin - (7017,p!03) (7014)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (7017 , pi 03) (7030); Calif: Trinidad
Head-Eel River, north of Cape Mendocino (7014); S. Calif:
(7000, pi 10)
Hab: Neritic, temperate (7017, pi 03) (7029, p74)
Chaetoceros constrictus Gran - (7000, pi 22)
Dist: North temperate species. Abundant at some times off
Calif. Common throughout eastern Pacific (7000, pi 23)
Coll: Alaska: (7029 , p74); Ore: off Newport (7031); Calif:
Trinidad Head-Eel River, north of Cape Mendocino (7014)
Hab: Neritic (7000, pi 23) (7029 , p74)
182
-------
PHYTOPLANKTON. - CHRYSOPHYTA - Chaetoceraceae
Chaetoceros convolutus Castr. - (7029 ,p74) (7014)
Coll: Alaska: (7029, p74); Wash: Puget Sound (7030); Calif:
Trinidad Head-Eel River, north of Cape Mendocino (7014);
S. Calif: (7000, pi 10)
Hab: Oceanic (7 029 , p74)
Chaetoceros criophilum - (7019)
Coll: Ore: Blacklock Pt. region (7019); S. Calif: (7023)
Chaetoceros crucifer Gran (7017, pi 03)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (7017 , pi 03 ) (7030)
Hab: Temperate, neritic (7017 , pi 03)
Chaetoceros curvisetus Cl. (7019 ) (7 029 , p75)
Dist: Alaska to San Diego (7020)
Coll: Alaska: (7029 , p75); Ore: Coos Bay region (701 9), Coquille
Pt. region (7019), Blacklock Pt. region (7019), Port
Orford region (7019), off Newport (7031); S. Calif:
(7021)(7023)
Hab: Neritic (7029 , p7 5)
Chaetoceros danicum Cl. - (7023 ) (7029 . p74)
Coll: Alaska: (7029, p74); Wash: Puget Sound (7030); S. Calif:
(7023) (7000, pi 09)
Hab: Neritic (7029 , p74)
Chaetoceros debilis Cleve - (7000,p!38)
Dist: Seattle to San Diego (7020); north temperate species.
Very common and abundant especially in February,
March, and April, and in some years again during October,
November- and December. Probably most abundant
species off Calif. Also plentiful off Lower Calif. (7000,p!40
Coll: Alaska: inshore waters (7022) (2028) (7029,p74) (7026);
Wash: Puget Sound (70L7,pl03) (7030); Ore: Coos Bay
region (7019), Coquille Pt. region (7019); Calif: Trinidad
Head-Eel River, north of Cape Mendocino (7014) (7021)
(7023)
Hab: Neritic (7000, p!40), temperate (7017, pi 03)
Notes: See also (7026) (7029) (7030)
Chaetoceros decipiens Cl. (7029 , p74) (7014)
Coll: Alaska: inshore waters (7028), Scotch Cap (7029 ,p74);
Wash: Puget Sound (7030); Ore: Coos Bay region, Blacklock
Pt. region (7019), off Newport (7031 ); Calif: Trinidad Head-
183
-------
PHYTOPLANKTON - CHRYSOPHYTA - Chaetoceraceae
Chaetoceros decipiens Cl. - continued
Eel River, north of Cape Mendocino (7014) (7023), inshore
southern Calif. (7026)
Hab: Oceanic (7029 , p74)
Chaetoceros densum - (7028)
Coll: inshore Alaskan waters (7028)
Chaetoceros diadema Ehr. -(7017,pl03)
Dist: Fairly common off Calif. (7000,p!30)
Coll: Puget Sound (7017, pi 03) (7030)
Hab: Neritic, temperate (7017, pi 03)
Chaetoceros didymus Ehr. (7017 , pi 03) (7014)
Coll: Alaska: (7029,p75); Wash: Puget Sound (7017 , pi 03) (7030);
Ore: off Newport (7031); Calif: Trinidad Head-Eel River,
north of Cape Mendocino (7014) (7023)
Hab: Neritic, temperate (7017 , pi 03) (7029 , p75)
Chaetoceros difficilis Cleve - (7000,p!32)
Dist: Reported off southern Calif, occasionally in fairly large
numbers. North temperate species (7000,pl32)
Hab: Neritic (7000, pi 32)
Chaetoceros Eibenii (Grun. ) - (7 017, pi 03)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (7017 , pi 03) (7030); S. Calif: (7000,p!07)
Hab: Neritic, temperate (7017 , pi 03)
Chaetoceros furcillatus Bail. -(7029,p74)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 , p74)
Hab: Neritic (7029 , p74)
Chaetoceros gracilis (7030)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (7030); S. Calif: (7000, pi44)
Chaetoceros laciniosus Schutt - (7029,p75) (7017,p!03)
Coll: Alaska: (7029 , p75); Wash: Puget Sound (7017 , pi 03) (7030);
Ore: off Newport (7031); Calif: Trinidad Head-Eel River,
north of Cape Mendocino (7014)
Hab: Neritic, temperate (7017, pi 03) (7029, p75)
184
-------
PHY TO PLANK TON CHRYSOPHYTA - Chaetoceraceae
Chaetoceros lorenzianus Grun. (7 017, pi 03)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029, p75); Wash: Puget
Sound (7017,pi 03) (7030); Calif: (7000,pl!8)
Hab: Neritic, temperate (7017, pi 03) (7029 ,p75)
Chaetoceros pelagicus Cleve - (7000, pi 29)
Dist: Warm-water species, south temperate to subtropical.
Not common off southern Calif. (7000, pi 30)
Hab: Neritic (7000, p!30)
Chaetoceros perpusillus Cleve - (7000,p!37)
Dist: North temperate species. Not common off southern
Calif. (7000,p!37)
Hab: Neritic (7000, pi 37)
Chaetoceros peruvianus Brightw. - (7029, p74)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 , p74); S. Calif: (7023)
Hab: Oceanic (7029 , p74)
Chaetoceros pseudocrinitus Ostf. - (7017, pi 03)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 , p74); Wash: Puget Sound
(7017,pi 03) (7030)
Hab: Neritic, temperate (7017 , pi 03) (7029 , p74)
Chaetoceros radicans Schiitt - (7029 ,p74)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 , p74); Wash: Puget Sound
(7017,.pl03) (7030); Calif: Trinidad Head-Eel River, north
of Cape Mendocino (7014)
Hab: Temperate, neritic (7017, pi 03) (7029 ;p74)
Chaetoceros scolopendra - (7019)
Dist: Alaska to San Diego (7020)
Coll: Alaska: inshore waters (7022); Ore: Blacklock Pt. region
(7019); S. Calif: (7021) (7023)
Chaetoceros secundus Cleve - (7017,pi 03)
Coll: Puget Sound (.7017, pi 03) (7030)
Hab: Neritic, temperate (7017, pi 03)
Chaetoceros seiracanthus Gran - (7017,pi 03)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (7017 , pi 03) (7030); Calif: (7000, p!31)
Hab: Temperate, neritic (7017 ,pi 03)
185
-------
PHYTOPLANKTON - CHRYSOPHYTA - Chaetoceraceae
Chaetoceros similis Cleve - (7000,p!35)
Dist: North temperate species. Rare off southern Calif.
Found north to Alaska. Never in large numbers (7000, pi36)
Coll: Alaska: (7029,p74); Wash: Puget Sound (7017 , pi 03) (7030);
S. Calif: (7023)
Hab: Neritic (7000, pi 36), temperate (7017 , pi 03) (7029 , p74)
Chaetoceros simplex Ostf. - (7029, p75)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029, p75)
Hab: Neritic (7029, p75)
Chaetoceros socialis (Lauder) - (7017,p!03)
Dist: Common off southern Calif. (7000, pi43)
Coll: Alaska: inshore waters (7022), Scotch Cap (7029, p74)
Wash: Puget Sound (7030) (7017 , pi 03); Calif: Trinidad
Head-Eel River, north of Cape Mendocino (7014) (7021)
Hab: Neritic, temperate (7017 , pi 03) (7029 , p74)
Chaetoceros subsecundus (Grunow) Hustedt (7000, p!30)
Synonym: _C. dia de ma (? )
Dist: Boreal-arctic species. Fairly common off Calif, but
seldom abundant. Recorded as a north temperate species
(7000,p!30)
Coll: Alaska: (7029,p74); Calif: Trinidad Head-Eel River, north
of Cape Mendocino (7014)
Hab: Neritic (7000, p!30) (7029,p74)
Chaetoceros teres Cleve (7000,pl!8)
Dist: North temperate or boreal species. Not common off
southern Calif. Most abundant March through May
(7000, pl!8)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (7017 , pi 03) (7030); Calif: Trinidad
Head-Eel River, north of Cape Mendocino (7014)
Hab: Neritic (7000, pi 1 8), temperate (7017 , pi 03)
Chaetoceros tortissimus - (7014)
Coll: Calif: Trinidad Head-Eel River, north of Cape Mendocino
(7014)
Chaetoceros Vanheurckii Gran - (7017,pi 03)
Coll: Puget Sound (7017, pi 03) (7030)
Hab: Temperate, neritic (7017 , pi 03)
186
-------
PHYTOPLANKTON - CHRYSOPHYTA - Bacteriastaceae
Family: Bacteriastaceae
Bacteriastrum. delicatulum - (7014)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 , p74); Wash: Puget
Sound (7030); Ore: off Newport (703 1); Calif: Trinidad
Head-Eel River, north of Cape Mendocino (7014)
Hab: Oceanic (7 029 , p74)
Bacteriastrum hyalinum Lauder - (7000,p96)
Dist: Common and frequently abundant in eastern Pacific
especially in April, May, and June (7000,p96)
Coll: Inshore stations, Columbia River (7010)
Habitat: Neritic (7000, p9 6)
Bacteriastrum varians - (7026)
Coll: S. Calif: inshore (7026)
Family: Corethronaceae
Corethron hystrix Hensen - (7017,p!02) (7014)
Dist: Alaska to Gulf of Calif. (7000, p74)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 , p74); Wash: Puget Sound
(7017,p!02) (7030); Calif: Trinidad Head-Eel River, north
of Cape Mendocino (7014)
Hab: Oceanic, temperate (7017 , pi 02) (7029 , p74)
Corethron valdiviae Karst. -(7029,p74)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 .-p74)
Hab: Oceanic (7029, p74)
Family: Rhizosoleniaceae
Rhizosolenia alata Brightwell - (7000, p90)
Dist: Temperate species. Common off Calif, and north to Alaska.
Sometimes abundant off southern Calif, and common in
Gulf of Calif. (7000,p92)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 , p74); Wash: Puget Sound
(7030); Ore: off Newport (7031 ); Calif: Trinidad Head-
187
-------
PHYTOPLANKTON - CHRYSOPHYTA - Rhizosoleniaceae
Rhizosolenia alata Brightwell continued
Eel River, north of Cape Mendocino (7014) (7023)
Hab: Oceanic, but often near the coast (7000,p92) (7029,p74)
Rhizosolinia delicatula Cleve - (7017,pi 03) (7014)
Dist: Common off Calif. (7000,p83)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 ; p74); Wash: Puget Sound
(7017,pi 03) (7030); Calif: Trinidad Head-Eel River, north
of Cape Mendocino (7014)
Hab: Neritic, temperate (7017 , pi 03) (7029 : p75)
Rhizosolenia fragilissima Bergon (7017,pl03)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (7017 , pi 03 ) (7030); Calif: Trinidad
Head-Eel River, north of Cape Mendocino (7014)
Hab: Neritic, temperate (7017 , pi 03)
Rhizosolinia obtusa Hensen (7029)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029)
Hab: Oceanic (7029)
Rhizosolenia Hebetata form semispina Hensen - (7029)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029); Wash: Puget Sound (7030)
Hab: Oceanic (7029)
Rhizosolinia setigera Brightw. (7017,p!03)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 , p75); Wash: Puget Sound
(7017, pi 03) (7030); Ore: off Newport (7031); Calif:
Trinidad Head-Eel River, north of Cape Mendocino (7014)
Hab: Neritic, temperate (7017, pi 03) (7029, p75)
Temp Tolerance: (5-20) °C (701 5)
Rhizosolenia Stolterfothii Perag. - (7017 , pi 03) (7029 , p75)
Dist: Widely, common and often abundant (7000, p83)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 ,p75); Wash: Puget Sound
(7017, pi 03) (7030); Ore: Blacklock Pt. region (701 9),
off Newport (7031 ); Calif: Trinidad Head-Eel River, north
of Cape Mendocino (7014)
Hab: Neritic, temperate (7017,p!03) (7029,p75)
Rhizosolinia styliformis Brightw. -(7029,p74)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 , p74); Wash: Puget Sound
(7030); Ore: off Newport (7031); Calif: Trinidad Head-
Eel River, north of Cape Mendocino (7014) (7023)
Hab: Oceanic (7029 , p74)
188
-------
PHYTOPLANKTON CHRYSOPHYTA Leptocycindraceae
Family: Leptocycindraceae
Landeria annulata - (7030)
Coll: Puget Sound (7030)
Lauderia borealis Gran (7000,p74)
Dist: Temperate species. Common but not abundant off Calif.
Reported in Gulf of Calif, and north to Scotch Cap,
Alaska (7000.p75)
Coll: Alaska: (7 029 , p75); S. Calif: (7023)
Hab: Neritic (7000, p75) (7029, p75)
Leptocylindrus danicus Cleve (7017,p!03)
Coll: Alaska: inshore waters (7022), Scotch Cap Light (7029);
Wash: Puget Sound (7030) (7017 , pi 03); S. Calif: (7021)
(7023)
Hab: Temperate, neritic (7017 , pi 03) (7029 , p74)
Leptocylindrus minimus Gran (7017,p!03)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7 029 . p74); Wash: Puget Sound
(7017,pi 03)
Hab: Neritic, temperate (7017 , pi 03) (7029 , p74)
Family: Fragilariaceae
Asterionella japonica Cleve - (7000,p!88)
Dist: Seattle to San Diego (7020); south temperate species.
Widespread. Often in large numbers (7000, pi 89)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 , p75); Wash: Puget Sound
(7030) (7017, pi 03); Ore: Coos Bay region, Blacklock Pt.
region (7019), off Newport (7031); Calif: (7021)
Hab: Neritic (7000,pl89), temperate (7017.pl 03) (7029,p75)
Temp: Optimum (20-25) ° C Maximum <30°C (7002)
Asterionella kariana Grun. - (7029, p74)
Dist: Alaska to California (7020)
Coll: Alaska: (7029 , p74); Wash: Puget Sound (7030); Calif:
Trinidad Head-Eel River, north of Cape Mendocino (7014)
Hab: Neritic (7029 , p74)
189
-------
PHYTOPLANKTON CHRYSOPHYTA - Tabellariaceae
Campylosira cymbellifornis - (7014)
Coll: Calif: Trinidad Head-Eel River, north of Cape
Mendocino (7014)
Hab: Tychopelagic (7000, p!80)
Fragilaria islandica Grun. -(7029,p74)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 , p74)
Hab: Neritic (7029, p74)
Fragilaria striatula Lyn. -(7029,p75)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029, p75)
Hab: Tychopelagic (7029, p75)
Family: Tabellariaceae
Grammatophora angulosa Ehrenberg (7000,p!74)
Dist: Found occasionally in plankton collections. Temperate
species (7000, p!74)
Hab: Littoral (7000^174)
Grammatophora marina (Lyngbye) Kutzing (7000, p!74)
Dist: Widespread (7000,p!74)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 . p75)
Hab: Littoral, but often present in plankton collections taken
near shore (7000,p!74), neritic (7029,p75)
Grammatophora oceanica (Ehrenberg, 1854, in part) Grunow - (7000,p!76)
Dist: Widespread (7000,p!76)
Hab: Littoral. Present occasionally in plankton collections
taken near shore (7000, p!76)
Licmophora abbreviatta (7014)
Coll: Calif: Trinidad Head-Eel River, north of Cape Mendocino
(7014)
Licmophora lyngbyei (Kutz. ) Grun. -(7029,p75)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029, p75); Calif: (7023)
Hab: Tychopelagic (7029 , p75)
Rhabdonema arcuatum (Lyn. Ag. ) Kutz. (7029,p75)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 , p75)
Hab: Tychopelagic (7029, p75)
190
-------
PHYTOPLANKTON - CHRYSOPHYTA Naviculaceae
Striatella unipunctata (Lyn. ) Ag. (7029,p75)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 , p75)
Hab: Tychopelagic (also classed as south temperate , neritic)
(7029,p75)
Thalassionema nitzschioides Grunow - (7000,p!82)
Dist: North temperate species. Very common and often abundant
off southern Calif, and Lower Calif. , in the Gulf of
Calif. , and north to Scotch Cap, Alaska (7000, p!83)
Coll: Alaska: inshore waters (7028), Scotch Cap Light (7029, p75)
Wash: Puget Sound (701 7 , pi 07) (7030); Ore: Coos Bay
region (7019), inshore stations, Columbia River (7010),
off Newport (7031); Calif: Trinidad Head-Eel River,
north of Cape Mendocino (7014), inshore (7026); S. Calif:
(7023)
Hab: Neritic (7000,p!83) (7029,p75)
Thalassiothrix delicatula (7031)
Coll: Ore: off Newport (7031 )
Thalassiothrix frauenfeldii Grun. (7029, p74)
Dist: Common Gulf of Calif, to Scotch Cap, Alaska (7000,p!85)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 , p74); Calif: Trinidad
Head-Eel River, north of Cape Mendocino (7014) (7023)
Hab: Oceanic (7029 , p74)
Thalassiothrix longissima Cl. and Grun (7029,p74)
Coll: Alaska: inshore waters (7028), Scotch Cap Light (7 029 , p74);
Wash: Puget Sound (7030); Ore: off Newport (7031 );
Calif: Trinidad Head-Eel River, north of Cape Mendocino
(7014)
Hab: Oceanic (7 029 , p74)
Family: Naviculaceae
Navicula membranacea Cleve - (7000,pl93)
Dist: Temperate species. Found occasionally off southern
Calif, and in Gulf of Calif. (7000,p!93)
Coll: S. Calif: (7023)
Hab: Neritic. Truly planktonic (7000, pi 93)
191
-------
PHYTOPLANKTON - CHRYSOPHYTA - Bacillariaceae
Tropidoneis antarctica - (7014)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (7030); Calif: Trinidad Head-Eel
River, north of Cape Mendocino (7014)
Hab: Littoral or neritic (7000, p!97)
Family: Bacillariaceae
Nitzschia closterium (Ehrenberg) W. Smith - (7000, p200)
Dist: Ubiquitous. Very common in the littoral zone, frequently
in the plankton (7000,p200)
Coll: Alaska: (7029 , p75); Wash: Puget Sound (7030) (7017 , pi 03);
Ore: off Newport (7031); Calif: (7023)
Hab: Tychopelagic (7017, pi 03) (7029,p75), neritic boreal arctic
(7029,p75)
Nitzschia delicatissima Cleve (7017,pl03)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 , p74); Wash: Puget Sound
(7030) (7017, pi 03); Ore: inshore station, Columbia River
plume (7010)
Nitzschia longissima - (7014)
Coll: Alaska: inshore waters (7028); Calif: Trinidad Head-
Eel River, north of Cape Mendocino (7014)
Nitzschia pacifica (Cupp 1943) - (7000,p204)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (7000, p204)
Coll: Calif: Trinidad Head-Eel River, north of Cape Mendocino
(7014)
Hab: Neritic or possibly oceanic temperate species (7000, p204)
Nitzschia paradoxa (Gmelin) (7017,p!03)
Coll: Puget Sound (7017,p!03) (7030)
Hab: Neritic, temperate (7017 , pi 03)
Nitzschia pungens Grun. -(7029, p75)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 , p75)
Hab: Neritic (7029, p75)
Nitzschia seriata Cl. (7029)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029); Wash: Puget Sound (7030);
Ore: Coquille Pt. region, Blacklock Pt. region, Port
Orford region (7019), off Newport (7031); Calif: (7021) (7023)
192
-------
PHYTOPLANKTON - CHRYSOPHYTA - Silicoflagellaceae
Nitzschia seriata Cl. - continued
inshore (70Z6)
Hab: Oceanic (7029 ,p75); classed by some authors as northern
neritic ^7029)
Family: Silicoflagellaceae
Distephanus speculum
Coll: Ore: Columbia River plume, inshore station (7010),
off Newport (7031)
Division: PYRROPHYTA
Ceratium. azoricum - (7025)
Dist: Warm water form (7035 , p407 , pt. 2)
Coll: S. Calif: inshore (7025)
Ceratium candelabrum (7028)
Dist: All warm seas to 57 °N (7036,p273)
Coll: Alaska: inshore waters (7028)
Ceratium furca (Ehr. ) Duj. -(7029,p95)
Dist: Widespread in temperate cold water (7035, p369)
Coll: Alaska: inshore waters (7028) (7029, p95); Ore: off
Newport (7031); S. Calif: (7021), inshore (7024) (7025)
Ceratium fuscus (Ehr. ) Clap, and Lachm. - (7029 , p95) (7024)
Coll: Alaska: inshore waters (7028) (7029, p95); Ore: off
Newport (7031); S. Calif: inshore (7024) (7025)
Ceratium kofoidii - (7025)
Coll: Alaska: inshore waters (7028); S. Calif: inshore (7025)
Ceratium longpipes (Bail. ) Gran - (7029,p95) (7028)
Coll: Alaska: inshore waters (7028), Scotch Cap Light (7029, p95)
Ceratium pentagonum Gourr. - (7029,p95) (7028)
Coll: Alaska.: inshore waters (7028), Scotch Cap Light (7029-p95)
Hab: Regarded as warm water species (7036, p?77)
193
-------
PHYTOPLANKTON - PYRROPHYTA
Ceratium tripos (O. F. Muller) Nitzsch - (7029 , p95) (7021)
Coll: Alaska: inshore waters (7028) (7029, p95); Ore: off
Newport (7031); S. Calif: (7021), inshore (7024) (7025)
Dinophysis acuminanta Clap, and Lach. (7029, p95) (7025)
Coll: Alaska: (7029, p95); S. Calif: inshore (7025)
Hab: Neritic, euryhaline and eurythermal (7036, p!96)
Dinophysis acuta Ehr. -(7029,p95)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 , p95)
Hab: Euryhaline and Eurythermal (7036, p!98)
Dinophysis arctica Meresch. (7029, p95)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 , p95)
Dinophysis caudata Kent - (7029,p95) (7021)
Dist: Widely distributed in warm to temperate but seldom in
cold waters (7036, p201)
Coll: Alaska: inshore waters (7028) (7029, p95); Calif: (7021)
Dinophysis ellipsoides Kof. -(7029,p95)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 , p95)
Dinophysis homunculus - (7025)
Coll: S. Calif: inshore (7025)
Dinophysis ovum Schiitt - (7029;p95) (7025)
Coll: Alaska: (7029.-p95); S. Calif: inshore (7025)
Dinophysis rotundata Clap, and Lachm. - (7029;p95)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 , p9 5)
Gonyaulax sp. (7029,p95)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 , p95)
Noctilu_ca miliaris (7021)
Dist: Cosmopolitan, neritic (7036,p221)
Coll: S. Calif: (7021)
Peridinium crassipes Kof. -(7029,p95)
Dist: In all oceans, oceanic to neritic (7036p248)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 , p9 5)
194
-------
PHYTOPLANKTON - PYRROPHYTA
Peridinium depressum Bail. - (7029-, p95) (7024)
Dist: In all cold and warm waters (7035,p254)
Coll: Alaska: (7029 ,p95); S. Calif: inshore
Hab: Neritic and oceanic euryhaline (7035, p254)
Peridinium divergens Ehr. - (7029 , p95) (7021)
Coll: Alaska: inshore waters (7028) (7029 , p9 5); S. Calif:
(7021) (7025)
Peridinium granii - (7024)
Dist: In cold and warm waters of all oceans, also in brackish
water (7036,p238)
Coll: S. Calif: inshore (7024)
Peridinium minutum - (7025)
Coll: S. Calif: inshore (7025)
Peridinium ova turn (Pouch. ) Schutt - (7029 . p95)
Dist: In all oceans including Antarctic (7036, p236)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 , p9 5)
Hab: Oceanic or neritic, euryhaline and eurythermal (7036, p236)
Peridinium pentagonum Gran (7029,p95)
Dist: Cool and warm water all seas (7035 , p241)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 : p95)
Hab: Neritic and estuarine (7035, p241) (7036, p253)
Peridinium steinii Jorg. - (7029, p95)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7 029 , p9 5)
Phalacroma rudgei Mur. and Whit. -(7029,p95)
Dist: South Atlantic species (7036,p!85)
Coll: Alaska: Scotch Cap Light (7029 , p9 5)
Procentrum micans Ehr. - (7029 , p9 5) (7021)
Dist: Probably worldwide (7036, pl?9)
Coll: Alaska: inshore waters (7028) (7029 ,p95); S. Calif:
(7021), inshore (7024)
Hab: Oceanic, neritic, and estuarine (7036, p!79)
195
-------
ALGAE - CHLOROPHYTA
Anisomonas astigmatica Scagel and Stein - (5210, pi8)
Dist: Southern British Columbia (5210, pi 8)
Hab: Free swimming or floating in phytoplankton of inlets
(5210,p!8)
Str. & Repro. : (5269 , p!21 1-1 21 2)
Blidingia minima (Nageli) Kylin - (5210, p42)
Str. & Repro.: (5013,p249 as Enteromorpha minima and E.
micrococca); (5021,p221 as Enteromorpha nana var.
minima); (5000, p50 as Enteromorpha minima and E_.
micrococca); (5234,p!7 as Enteromorpha minima)
Blidingia minima (Nageli) Kylin var. minima, Kylin - (5210,p42) (5267, p36)
Dist: Dutch Harbor, Alaska, to Mexico and in Chile (5210,p43)
(5267sp37)
Hab: On rocks and old wood in the upper intertidal zone,
characteristically forming a dense green carpet (5210,p43)
Str. SzRepro. : (5013, p249 as Enteromorpha minima and E_.
micrococca); (5021, p221 as Enteromorpha nana var.
minima); (5000, p50 as Enteromorpha minima and E_.
micrococca); (5234,p!7 as Enteromorpha minima)
Blidingia minima var. subsalsa (Kjellman) Scagel - (5267, p37) (5210,p43)
(5234,p!7)
Dist: Skagway, Alaska to Oregon (521 0 , p44) (5267 , p37 )
Hab: On rocks in the intertidal zone and above the intertidal
zone on dripping rocks; common in lagoons and on mud
flats (5210,p44)
Tax: (5267, p37)
Str. &Repro. : (5013,p249 as Enteromorpha minima and E.
micrococca); (5021,p221 as Enteromorpha nana var.
minima); (5000, p50 as Enteromorpha minima and E_.
micrococca); (5234,p!7 as Enteromorpha minima)
Brachiomonas submarina Bohlin - (521 0, p20)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Monterey, Calif. ( 521 0 , p20)
Hab: In spray pools, near high tide mark (5210,p20)
Ref: (5249,p75) (5003,P322)
Str.&Repro. : (5249,p75) (5003,p322) (5243 , p83 . 93 , 95)
Bryopsis corticulans Setchell (5000,p73) (5265,p26) (5267,p62)
(5234,p28) (5210,pi 23)
Dist: British Columbia to southern Calif. (5000,p73)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p26) (5210, pi 23)
(5267,p62)
196
-------
ALGAE - CHLOROPHYTA
Bryopsis corticulans Setchell continued
Hab: Growing between the 2. 0 and -1. 5 foot tide levels on
vertical sides of rocks. Usually restricted to rocks
exposed to strong surf, occasionally epiphytic; rarely
present in abundance (5000,p73)
Tax: Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 626 ( 501 3 , pi 60) ( 51 56 , p231 ) ( 5170 , pi 04)
Str.&Repro: (5170,p!03)
Bryopsis hypnoides Lamouroux ( 5000 , p73) ( 5267 , p62)
Dist: British Columbia to Panama (5000,p74) (5267,p62)
Hab: Growing on sand covered rocks between the 2. 5 and 0. 5
foot tide levels (5000,p74)
Tax: (501 3, pi 59); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 1028
Str. &Repro: (5170,pi 03)
Bryopsis plumosa (Hudson) C. Agardh, 1822 - (5210,p!23) (5267,p63)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to central Calif.( 521 0, pi 24)
(5267,p63)
Hab: On rocks, shells, and old wood, and epiphytic on other
algae in the lower intertidal zone (5210, pi 24) (5267, p63)
Str.&Repro: (5243,p375) (5170,pi 03) (5000,p72)
Chaetamorpha aerea (Dillwyn) Kiitzing - (5000, p56)
Dist: Central to southern Calif. (5000,p56)
Hab: Growing between the 6. 0 and 2. 0 foot tide levels. Usually
in small sandy tide pools but at times on bare or sand-
covered rocks. Abundant everywhere. Frequently over
10 cm. in length; usually 4-8 cm. long (5000,p56)
Tax: (5013,p200)(5024,p219)(5029,p67)
Chaetomorpha californica Collins, in Collins, Holden and Setchell, 1900 -
(5210,p83)
Dist: Juan de Fuca Strait to southern Calif. (5210,p83)
Hab: In pools in the intertidal zone and in the subtidal zone
to a depth of 5 fms; attached to rocks and shells (5210,p83)
Str. &Repro: (5000,p55) (5218,p!83)
Chaetomorpha cannabina (Areschoug) Kjellman, 1889 -( 521 0, p83) ( 5267 , p52)
Dist: Norton Sound, Alaska to northern Washington (5210,p84)
(5267,P52)
Hab: In tangled masses, often intertwined with other algae in
pools, and on wood in the intertidal zone (5210,p84)
(5267, p52)
Str. &Repro: (5000, p55) (5218, p!83)
197
-------
ALGAE - CHLOROPHYTA
Chaetomorpha recurva Scagel - (5210,p84)
Chaetomorpha tenuissima Jao (5267,p52)
Dist: Northern Washington (5210,p84)
Coll: Turn Island, San Juan Channel (type loc. ) (5210,p84)
Hab: Epiphytic on various other algae, including Codium
fragile, Platythamnion pectinatum, Acrochaetium
rhizoideum, and articulated coralline algae in the
lower intertidal and upper subtidal zones (5210,p84)
Str.&Repro: (5000 , p55) ( 521 8 , pi 83)
Chlamydomonas pulsatilla Wohlenweber - (5210,p21)
Dist: Southern British Columbia (5210,p21)
Hab: In rock spray pools (5210,p21)
Str.&Repro: (5003,p315)
Chlorochytrium inclusum Kjellman - (5000,p67) (5210.pl 03) (5234,p27)
(5267,P59)
Dist: Alaska to central Calif. ( 52.67 , p59 )( 521 0, pi 04) ( 5000, p67 )
Hab: Endophytic within cortex of various foliaceous Florideae;
especially Iridophycus , Rhodoglossum, and Pugetia
(5000,p67). Endophytic in Schizymenia and Iridea
(5267,P59)
Tax: (5013,p!47); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 514
Str.&Repro: ( 5028 , p379) ( 51 06 as Chlorocystis)
Chlorochytrium Porphyrae Setchell and Gardner - (5000, p67) (5267 , p59)
(5234,p28) (5210,pi 04)
Dist: Cape Flattery, Wash, to the Monterey Peninsula (5000,p67)
(5210,pi 04) (5267,p59)
Hab: Endophytic beneath surface of gelatinous matrix of
Porphyra perforata and P. lanceolata (5000, p67) (5210, p!04)
(5267,P59)
Tax: (5013,p!50); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 2280
Str.&Repro: (5028,p379) (5106 as Chlorocystis)
Cladophora albida (Hudson) Kiitzing, 1843 -( 521 0 , p86) ( 5267 , p52)
Dist: Northern Washington to El Salvador (5210,p87) (5267,p53)
Hab: In the intertidal zone (5210,p87) (5267,p53)
Str.&Repro: (5032,p!7)(5030,P467)(5214,P32)(5221,pi)
Cladophora Bertolonii var. hamosa (Kiitzing) Ardissone - (5000,p6l)
Dist: Known only from Pacific Grove, Calif. (5000,p6l)
Coll: Balearic Islands (type loc. ) (5000,p6l)
Tax: (5032,P344)(5013,p218)
Str.&Repro: (5030)
198
-------
ALGAE - CHLOROPHYTA
Cladophora delicatula Montagne ( 5000 , p6l)( 5234, p22)
Dist: Monterey Peninsula to San Diego, Calif. (5000,p6l)
Hab: At the -0. 5 foot tide levels on piling of the Municipal
Wharf, Monterey, Calif. (5000,p6l)
Tax: (503Z,p337) (5013,p220); Phyc. Bor. -Amer.No. 1582
Str. ScRepro: (5030)
Cladophora flexuosa Harvey (5000,p60) (5210,p87) (5267,p53)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (5000,p60) (5210,p88) (5267,p53)
Hab: In quiet water and intermingled with Enteromorpha (5000. p60)
Tax: (5032,p339) (5013,p217); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 2239
Str. kRepro: (5030)
Cladophora glaucescens (Griffiths) Harvey. 1862 - (5210,p88) (5267,p53)
Dist: Entrance to Kyuquot Sound, west coast of Vancouver
Island, British Columbia to Oakland, Calif. (5210,p89)
(5267,p53)
Hab: In pools in the upper intertidal zone (5210,p89) (5267,p53)
Str.&Repro: (5032,p!7) (5030, p467) (5214,p32) (5221,pi)
Cladophora gracilis (Griffiths) Kiitzing, 1845 ( 521 0 , p89 )( 5234, p23)
(5267,P53)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to northern Washington (5210,p90) (5267,p54)
Hab: In shallow pools in the upper and middle intertidal zones
(5210,p90)(5267,p54)
Str..&Repro: (5032,p!7) (5030,p467) (5214,p32) (5221.pl)
Cladophora graminea Collins - (5000,p59)
Dist: Central to southern Calif. (5000,p59)
Hab: Growing between the 0. 5 and -1. 5 foot tide levels.
Usually on the receding vertical face of an overhanging
rock (5000,p59)
Tax: (5032,p!9) (5013,p211); Cladophora erecta Collins in
Phyc. Bor.'-Amer. No. 1690 (name only); (5024,p219)
(5029,p67)
Str. &Repro: (5030)
Cladophora hemisphaerica Gardner - (5000,p57) (5234,p23)
Dist: Monterey Peninsula (5000,p58)
Hab: Growing on rocks between the 3. 0 foot and mean low tide
levels. At times on rocks in tide pools (5000,p58)
Tax: Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 2240 (name only); (5031 ,p83) (5013, p209)
Str. &Repro: (5030)
199
-------
ALGAE - CHLOROPHYTA
Cladophora hutchinsiae var. distans (C. Agardh) Kiitzing (5267,p54)
Dist: Southern British Columbia (5267,p54)
Hab: In the intertidal zone (5267,p54)
Tax: (5010,p228)(5013,p213)(5012,p346)(5041)
Cladophora hutchinsiae var. hutchinsiae (Dillwyn) Kiitzing, 1845 -
(5210)P90)
Dist: Queen Charlotte Island, British Columbia to northern
Washington (5210,p91)
Hab: In the intertidal zone (5210,p91)
Str.&Repro: (5032,pl7) (5030,p467) (5214,P32) (5221,pi)
Cladophora laetevirens (Dillwyn) Kiitzing, 1843 - (5210,p91) (5267, p54)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to northern Washington (5210,p92)
(5267,P54)
Hab: In the lower intertidal and upper subtidal zones (5210,p92)
Str.&Repro: (5032, p!7) (5030,p467) (5214,p32) (5221,pi)
Cladophora microcladioides Collins - (5000,p59) (5210,p92) (5267,p55)
(5234,p23)(5265,p25)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Mexico (5210,p92) (5267,p55)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p25)
Hab: Growing on rocks low in the intertidal zone (5000,p59)
Tax: (5032,p!7)(5013,p212)
Str. &Repro: (5030)
Cladophora ovoidea Kiitzing - (5000,p60)
Dist: Santa Cruz to the Monterey Peninsula, Calif. (5000,p60)
Hab: Growing low in the intertidal zone (5000,p60)
Tax: (5032,p346)(5013,p214)
Str. &Repro: (5030)
Cladophora stimpsonii Harvey, 1859 - (521 0, p93) ( 5267 , p55)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to southern Calif. (5210,p93)
(5267,p55)
Hab: On shells and stones in the intertidal zone (5210,p93)
(5267,P55)
Str.&Repro: (5032,p!7) (5030,p467) (5214,p32) (5221,pi)
Cladophora trichotoma (C. A. Agardh) Kiitzing - (5000,p58) (5267}p55)
(5234,p23)(5210,p93)(5265,p25)
Dist: British Columbia to Baja Calif. (5000, p58)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p25) (5267,p56)
Hab: Growing on tops and sides of rocks between the 3. 0 and
200
-------
ALGAE CHLOROPHYTA
Cladophora trichotoma ( C. A. Agardh) Kutzing - continued
mean low tide levels. Abundant everywhere (5000,p58)
Tax: (5012,p349) (5013,p210); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 820;
(5024,P219)(5029,p67)
Str. &Repro: (5030)
Codiolum gregarium A. Braun, 1855 ( 521 0 , pi 05) ( 5267 , p60)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to northern Washington (5210,
p!06) (5267,p60)
Hab: On rocks, shells, logs, and old iron in the intertidal
zone (5210,pl06)(5267,p60)
Str. &Repro: (5254,p76) (5255,p249) (5237,pi) (5246,pi)
Codiolum Petrocelidis Kuckuck - ( 5000 , p68)* (521 0, pi 06) (5267,p60)
Dist: Whidbey Island, Washington to Monterey Peninsula
(5000,p68) (5210,pi 06) (5267,p60)
Hab: Endophytic within Petrocelis franciscana ( 5000 , p68)
(5210,plOp)
Tax: (5013, pi 52); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 2281
Codiolum pusillum f. subsessile Jao (5267, p60)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267,p60)
Hab: On old wood in the upper intertidal zone (5267,p60)
Tax: (5259,p99)
Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot - (5000,p75) (5265,p26) (5267,p64)
(5234,p30)(5210,pl!8)
Dist: Alaska to Baja Calif. (5000, p76) ( 521 0, pi 19) (5267 , p64)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago ( 5265 , p26)
Hab: Growing on tops and sides of rocks between the 1. 5 foot
and mean low tide levels (5000,p76)
Tax: (5013,p!71)(5156,p228)(5170,pill)
Str.&Repro: (5156,p228) (5170,pill)
Codium ritteri Setchell and Gardner, 1903 - ( 521 0 , pi 20) ( 5267 , p65)
Dist: Attu Island to Berg Bay, Alaska with certainty and possibly
to the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia
(5210,plZl)(5267,p65)
Hab: On rocks in lower intertidal and upper subtidal zones
(5210,p!21)(5267,p65)
Str. &Repro: (5156, p228) (5000,p74) (5272,p79)
201
-------
ALGAE CHLOROPHYTA
Codium Setchellii Gardner - (5000,P75) (5265,P26) (5267,p65) (5234,p30)
(5210,pi 21)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to Mexico (5210, pi 21) (5267, p65)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265, p26)
Hab: Growing on vertical faces of rocks between 1. 0 and -1. 5
foot tide levels. Rarely present in abundance (5000,p75)
Tax: (5060,P490)(5013,pl68)(5156,P227)
Str.&Repro: (5156,p228) (5170,pill)
Collmsiella tuberculata Setchell and Gardner (5267, p32) (5000,p31)
(5234(p5)(5210,p23)
Dist: Vancouver Island, British Columbia to central Calif.
(5267,p51)(5000,p31)(5210,p23)
Hab: Growing between the 2. 5 and 1. 5 foot tide levels on rocks
scoured smooth by sand (5000, p31), on stones in middle
intertidal zone (5210,p23)
Tax: (5010,p204) (5012,p!41) (5013.pl44) (5011,p!99) (5041,pi 01)
Str. StRepro: (5010, p204) (5011, pi99 as Ecballocystis willeana)
Ref: (5266,P31) (5268,p9&9) (5217,p307) (5220, p!86)
Derbesia marina (Lyngbye) Solier - (5000,p71) (5210,pl!3) (5234,p28)
(5267,p63)
Dist: Alaska (Sitka) to southern Calif. (5267,p63) (5210, pi 14)
(5000,p72)
Hab: Epiphytic on crustose Corallinaceae growing between the
mean low tide and -1. 0 foot tide levels. Also dredged
from a depth of 30-35 feet (5000,p72) (5267, p63)
Tax: (5032,p407)(5013,p!65)
Str.&Repro: (5043) ( 5170 , pi 14)
Derbesia pacifica Jao (5267,p63)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267,p63)
Hab: Epiphytic on articulated corallines in the upper subtidal
zone (5267.p63)
Tax: (5259;pl06)
Derbesia vaucheriaeformis (Harvey) J. Agardh - (5267, p64)
Dist: Yukutat B. , Alaska to northern Washington (5267,p64)
Hab: Dredged from the subtidal zone (5267,p64)
Tax: (5010,P230)(5013,pl65)(5012,p406)(5259,p!07)
Dunaliella salina (Dunal) Teodoresco (5267,p31) (5000,p28) (5210, pi 6)
Dist: Northern Washington to Monterey Peninsula, Calif.
(5000,P28)(5210,P16)(5267,p31)
202
-------
ALGAE - CHLOROPHYTA
Dunaliella salina (Dunal) Teodoresco - continued
Hab: Near high tide in spray filled pools (5210,pl6) (5000.p28)
Tax: (5006,p230)(5007,pl73)
Str. &Repro: ( 5004, p3 53 , 409 ) (5005) (.5243,p86)
Ref: ( 5048 , pi 72 as Hae ma to coccus salinus and Protococcus
salinus); (5003,p308) (5096,p238) (5266,p31)
Endophyton ramosum Gardner - (5000,p36) (5234,p7)
Dist: San Francisco to Monterey (5000, p36)
Coll: Oregon (5234)
Hab: Endophytic within Rhodoglossum americanum and various
species of Iridophycus (5000,p36)
Tax: (5019,p372) (5013,p292)
Str. &Repro: (5019, p371)
Enteromorpha Ahlneriana Eliding - (5234, pi 5)
Enteromorpha angusta (Setchell and Gardner) Hollenberg
(5234)P20)
Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) Greville (5000, p51) (5284,p38) (5234,pl6)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to Carmel Bay, Calif. (5000,p52) (5284,p38)
Hab: Epiphytic on other algae of mid-littoral zone (5000,p52)
Tax: (5026,p28)(5013,p260)(50l6,p63)(5024,p218)
Str.&Repro: ( 5025) (5021 , p221)
Enteromorpha compressa (Linnaeus) Greville (5000, p52) (5267 Sp38)
(52.34.pl4)
Dist: Bering Sea, Alaska to Magdalena Bay, Baja Calif. (5000,
P52)(5267,P39)
Hab: Abundant on rocks between 3. 5 and 1. 5 foot tide levels
(5000,p52)
Tax: (5026,p25)(5013,p251)(5024,p218)
Str. kRepro: ( 5025) ( 5021 , p221 )
Enteromorpha crinita (Roth) J. Agardh, 1883 - (5210,p48) (5265,p24)
Dist: Valdez, Alaska to San Diego, Calif, and in the Galapagos
Islands (5210,p49)
Hab: Growing on wood and floating in the intertidal zone (5210,p49)
Str. kRepro: (5263,p349) (5022,p40) (5025,p375) (5212,p281)
(5213,p92)(5260,p33)(5224,pl93)
203
-------
ALGAE CHLOROPHYTA
Enteromorpha intestinalis (Linnaeus) Link - (5234,p!4) (5000,p49)
(5265,p24)
Dist: Kukak Bay, Alaska to La Paz, Baja Calif. (5000,p50)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p24)
Hab: Saxicolous or epiphytic, growing between 3 feet and the
mean low tide levels (5000,p50)
Tax: (5026,P23)(5013,p252)
Str.feRepro: (5025)(5021,p221)
Poll. Studies: (2475,p341)
Enteromorpha intestinalis var. clavata J. Agardh, 1883 -(5210,p50)
(5267,p39)
Dist: Kukak Bay, Alaska to Mexico (5210,p50) (5267,p39)
Hab: Attached to pebbles in middle intertidal zone (5210,p50)
Str.&cRepro: (5263,P349) (5022,p40) (5025, p375) (5212, p281)
(5213, P92) (5260,p33) (5224,P193)
Enteromorpha intestinalis var. cylindracea J. Agardh, 1883.- (5210,p50)
(5267,p39)
Dist: Popof Island, Alaska to Mexico ( 521 0 , p51) (5267 , p39)
Hab: Usually floating unattached in sheltered waters (5210,p51)
Str.feRepro: (5263,p349)(5022,p40)(5025,p375)(5212,p281)
(5213,p92)(5260,p33)(5224,p!93)
Enteromorpha intestinalis var. intestinalis (Linnaeus) Link, 1820 -
(5210,p51)(5267,P39)
Dist: Kukak Bay, Alaska to Mexico and Chile (5210,p52) (5267,p40)
Hab: On rocks or epiphytic on other algae in upper intertidal
zone, particularly in somewhat brackish water (5210,p52)
Str. feRepro: (5263,p349) (5022,p40) (5025,p375) (5212,p281)
(5213,P92)(5260,p33)(5224,p!93)
Enteromorpha intestinalis var. maxima J. Agardh, 1883 - (5210,p52)
(5267,p40)
Dist: Kukak, Alaska to Mexico (5210,p52) (5267,p40)
Hab: Usually floating unattached in sheltered waters (5210,p52)
(5267>P41)
Str. &Repro: (5263, p349) (5022,p40) (5025,p375) (5212, p281)
(5213,p92)(5260sp33)(5224,p!93)
Enteromorpha linza (Linnaeus) J. Agardh, 1883 - ( 521 0 , p52) ( 5234, pi 8)
(5267,p41)
Dist: Orca, Alaska to Mexico and Chile (5210sp54) (5267,p41)
204
-------
ALGAE - CHLOROPHYTA
Enteromorpha linjzji (Linnaeus) J. Agardh, 1883 continued
Hab: On rocks or epiphytic on other algae in lower intertidal
zone (5210, p54)
Str. &Repro: (5263, p349) (5022, p40) (5025, p375) (5212, p281)
(5213, P92) (5260, P33) (5224, P193)
Enteromorpha linza var. crispata J. Agardh (5234, p!9)
Coll: Oregon (5234)
Enteromorpha linza var. flexicaulis Hollenberg (5234, p!9)
Coll: Oregon (5234)
Enteromorpha linza var. lanceolata J. Agardh - (5234,pl8)
Coll: Oregon (5234)
Enteromorpha linza var. oblanceolata Hollenberg - (5234, p!9)
Coll: Oregon (5234)
Enter omorpha marginata J. Agardh, 1842 - (5210, p54) (5267, p41)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Calif. (5210, p54) (5267, p41)
Hab: Epiphytic on spermatophytes , usually in salt marshes,
but also on other substrata in intertidal zone (5210,p54)
Str. &Repro: (5263, p349) (5022, p40) (5025, p375) (5212, p281)
(5213, p92) (5260, p33) (5224, p!93)
Enteromorpha micrococca Kiitzing - (5000, p50) (5265, p24)
Dist: Dutch Harbor, Alaska to Mexico (5000,p50)
Hab: On vertical rock faces between 3. 5 foot and 1. 5 foot tide
levels (5000, p50)
Tax: (5026,p20) (5013,p249); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 66
Str.&Repro: (5025) ( 5021 , p221 )
Enteromorpha minima Naegeli - (5000, p50) (5265, p24) (5234, p!7)
Dist: Alaska to Mexico (5000, p51)
Coll: Coos Bay, Cape Arage (5265,p24)
Hab: Growing in upper portion of the intertidal zone (5000,p51)
Tax: (5026, p24) (5013, p250); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 912
Str.&Repro: ( 5025) (5021 , p221 )
Enteromorpha prolifera var. prolifera (Muller) J. Agardh 1883
(5267, P42) (5210, p54) (5234, p!4)
Dist: Golovnin Bay, Alaska, to central Mexico and Peru (5210,
P55) (5267, P42)
205
-------
ALGAE CHLOROPHYTA
Enteromorpha prolifera var. prolifera (Muller) J. Agardh 1883 - continued
Hab: On sticks and stones and epiphytic on other algae in the
lower intertidal zone in sheltered bays, often floating
(5210,p55)
Str.&Repro: (5263,p349) (5022,p40) (5025,p375) (5212,p281)
(5213,p92) (5260,p33) (5224,pl93)
Enteromorpha prolifera var. flexuosa (Wulf.) Doty - (5234, p!5)
Enteromorpha torta (Mertens) Reinbold, 1893 - (5210, p55) (5267, p42)
Dist. Southern British Columbia to San Diego, Calif. (5210, p56)
(5267, p42)
Hab: Attached to rocks in shallow pools in the upper intertidal
zone; also in lagoons (5210, p56)
Str.&Repro: (5263, p349) (5022, p40) (5025, p375) (5212, p281)
(5213,p92) (5260,p33) (5224,pl93)
Enteromorpha tubulosa Kiitzing - (5000, p51) (5210,p56) (5267, p43)
Dist: Northern Washington to Central America (5267, p43)
Hab: Growing on rocks between the 2. 5 and 1. 0 foot tide levels
(5000,p51)
Tax: (5013, p256) (5026, p22); Phyc.Bor.-Amer. No. 471
Str. &Repro: (5025) (5021, p221)
Enteromorpha vexata (Setchell and Gardner) Hollenberg - (5234, p21)
Tax: Ulva vexata (5018, p282) (5013, p271)
Entocladia codicola Setchell and Gardner - (5000, p35)
Dist: Moss Beach (San Mateo, County) and Monterey Peninsula,
Calif. (5000, p35)
Hab: Growing within tips of utricles of Codium fragile (5000, p35)
Tax: (5018,p293) (5013,p290)
Entocladia viridis Reinke - (5000, p35) (5210,p30) (5267,p33)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Monterey, and in Galapagos
Archipelago and Chile (5210, p31) (5267, p33)
Hab: Endophytic in Callithamnion Pikeanum, Delesseria decipiens,
and other algae in lower intertidal and subtidal zones
(5000,P35) (5210,p31)
Tax: (5013,p288) (5016,p53)
Gayella. constricta Setchell and Gardner - (5000, p54)
Dist: Friday Harbor, Wash. ; Mussel Point and Tomales Point
(type loc.), Calif. (5000, p54)
206
-------
ALGAE - CHLOROPHYTA
Gayella constricta Setchell and Gardner - continued
Hab: Growing intermingled with Prasiola meridionalis but
restricted to the lowermost portion of the Prasiola
belt (5000,p54)
Tax: (5028,p384)(5013,p280)
Str. &Repro: (5028,p384)
Gomontia polyrhiza (Lagerheim) Bornet and Flahault - (5267,p6l)
(5210,pi 08) (5000,p41) (5234,p7)
Dist: Neah Bay, Wash, to Monterey Peninsula, Calif. (5000,p41)
(5210,pi 09) (5267,p6l)
Hab: In empty shells of clams and mussels (5000,p41) (5267,p6l)
(5210,pi 09)
Tax: (5013,p302)(5018,p298)
Str. &Repro: (5018,p298) (5000,p40)
Halicystis ovalis (Lyngbye) Areschoug - (5000,p70) (5210,pll6) (5267,p6l)
(5234,p28)(5265,p26)
Dist: Silver Bay, Alaska to Baja Calif. , Mexico (5210, pi 17)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay; Cape Arago ( 5265 , p26)
Hab: Epiphytic on crustose Corallinaceae, especially Lithophyllum.
The host usually growing between the -0. 5 and -1. 5
foot tide levels and on vertical shaded sides of rocks
not exposed to full force of the surf (5000, p70)
Tax: (5013,p!55) (5156, p224) (5075,p782) (5010, p232)
Str.&Repro: (5075) (5076) (5156,P224) (5170,pl07)
Hormidium rivulara Kiitzing - (5234,p6)
Tax: (5249,pl66)
Internoretia fryeana Setchell and Gardner - (5210,p32) (5267,p34)
Dist: Northern Washington (5210,p32) (5267 :p34)
Hab: Endophytic in Smithora naiadum and Porphyra naiadum
(5210,p32)(5267,p34)
Tax: (5018,p295)
Str. &Repro: (5013,p294) (5018,p294) (5267,p34)
Lola lubrica (Setchell and Gardner) A. and G. Hamel, 1929 (5210, p76)
(5234,p26) (5267,p49) (5060,p492 as Rhizoclonium lubricum)
(5013,p!85 as Rhizoclonium lubricum)
Dist: Northern Washington to Costa Rica (5210,p76) (5267,p49)
Hab: On mud flats in the intertidal zone (5210,p76) (5267,p49)
Str. &Repro: (5060,p492) (5013, p!85)
207
-------
ALGAE - CHLOROPHYTA
Monostroma arcticum Wittrock (5210,p35)
Dist: Amaknak Island, Alaska to northern Washington (5210,p36)
Hab: On stones, shells and epiphytic on other algae, including
Odonthalia floccosa and Cystoseira geminata, in the
middle and lower intertidal zones (5210,p36)
Str. &Repro: (5020,p665) (5263,p242) (50'22,p43) (5021,p217)
Monostroma fractum Jao - (5210,p36) (5267,p34)
Dist: Northern Washington (5210, p36) (5267, p36)
Hab: Floating in shallow water on mud flats in the intertidal
zone (5267,p34)(5210,p36)
Tax: (5259,pl02)
Str. feRepro: (5020,p665) (5263,p242) (5022,p43) (5021,p217)
Monostroma fuscum (Postels and Ruprecht)Wittrock - (5210,p36)
Str. &Repro: (5020, p665) (5263,p242) (5022,p43) (5021,p217)
Monostroma fuscum var. blyttii (Areschoug) Collins - (5210, p37)
(5267,P34)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to northern Washington (5210,
p38)(5267,p34)
Hab: On pebbles and in tide pools in lower intertidal zone
(5210,P38)
Str.&Repro: (5020,p665) (5263,p242) (5022,p43) (5021,p217)
Monostroma fuscum var. fuscum (Postels and Ruprecht) Wittrock
(5210,p38)(5267,p35)
Dist: Bering Sea and Aleutian Island, Alaska; Finger Bay,
Adak Island, to northern Washington (521 0, p38) (5267 , p35)
Hab: On stones and epiphytic on other algae in the middle
intertidal zone or floating in brackish water (5210,p38)
Str.&Repro: (5020,p665) (5263,p242) (5022,p43) (5021, p217)
Monostroma fuscum var. splendens (Ruprecht) Rosenvinge - (5210,p39)
(5267,P35)
Dist: St. Paul Island, Alaska to southern British Columbia
(5210,P39)(5267,P35)
Hab: On stones in middle intertidal zone (5210,p39)
Str. feRepro: (5020,p665) (5263,p242) (5022,p43) (5021,p217)
Monostroma oxyspermum (Kiitzing) Doty (5 234, pi 2) (5210,p39) (5267,p35)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to southern Calif. (5210,p40)
(5267,p36)
208
-------
ALGAE CHLOROPHYTA
Monostroma oxyspermum (Kutzing) Doty continued
Hab: On stones and shells (or floating) in lower intertidal
zones (5Z10,p40)
Tax: (5234, p!2)
Str. &Repro: (5020, p665) (5263,p242) (5022,p43) (5021,p217)
Monostroma zostericola Tilden - (5000,p43) (5210,p40) (5267, p36)
(5234,pll)
Dist: Vancouver Island, Puget,Sound to Monterey Peninsula
(5000,p43)(5210,p41)(5267,p36)(5265,p24)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p24)
Hab: Epiphytic on leaves of Zostera. Epiphytic on leaves of
Phyllospadix (5000,p43) (5210,p41)
Tax: Tilden in Amer. Alg.Exsicc, , #388; ( 501 3 , p238) ( 5021 , p21 7)
Str. &Repro: (5020) (5021 ,p217) (5263,p242) (5022,p43)
Percursaria percursa (C. Agardh) Rosenvinge, 1893 - (5210,p63)
(5267,p46)
Dist: Amaknak Island, Alaska to San Francisco, Calif, and in
Chile (5210,p64) (5267,p46)
Hab: In brackish pools in upper intertidal zone and in lagoons
(5210,p64)(5267,p46)
Phaeophila polymorpha Jao ( 521 0, p31 )( 5267 , p33 )
Dist: Northern Washington (5210,p32) (5267, p34)
Hab: In empty shells in intertidal zone (5210,p32)
Tax: (5259;plOO)
Str. feRepro: (5016,p51)
Prasinocladus lubricus Kuckuck - (5000,p32) (5267,p32) (5210,p24)
Dist: Friday Harbor, Wash, to Monterey Peninsula (5000,p32)
(5210,p25)(5267,P32)
Hab: Growing on rock cement tanks and aquaria in upper
littoral (5000,p32)
Tax: (5003,p366) (50l6,p38)
Str. feRepro: (5014,p377 as Euglenopsis) (5015,p227) (5234, pi 3 2)
(5223,P17)
Ref: (5012,p!41 as P. subsalsus) (5266,p32)
Prasiola calophylla (Carmichael) Meneghini (5267,p46)
Dist: Northern Washington ( 5267 , p46)
Hab: In brackish water in upper intertidal zone (5267,p46)
Tax: (5010,p215) (5145,p277) (5012,p219)
209
-------
ALGAE CHLOROPHYTA
Prasiola linearis Jao - (5267,p47)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267,p47)
Hab: On gravel and spermatophytes in the upper intertidal
zone (5267,p47)
Tax: (5259;pl05)
Prasiola meridionalis Setchell and Gardner - (5000, p53) (5267 , p47)
(5234,p22)(5210,p68)
Dist: Adak Island, Alaska to Santa Cruz, Calif. (5210,p69)
(5267>P47)
Hab: Restricted to rocks coated with excrement of sea birds.
Usually growing in spray zone but at times growing as
low as 2. 0 foot tide level (5000, p53)
Tax: (5018,p291) (5013,p278)
Str. &Repro: (5018 , p287) (5027 )
Pseudodictyon geniculatum Gardner - (5000,p37) (5234,p7)
Dist: Pacific Grove; San Francisco (type loc. ) (5000, p37)
Coll: Oregon (5234)
Hab: In cortex of Dictyoneurum californicum (5000,p37)
Tax: (5019,p374)(5013,P293)
Str. &Repro: (5019,p374)
Pseudulvella consociata Setchell and Gardner - (5234,p7)
Coll: Oregon (5234)
Tax: (5018,p296)(5013,p297)
Rhizoclonium implexum (Dillwyn) Kiitzing - (5000, p62) (5267,p47)
(5234,p26)(5210,p73)
Dist: St. Michael Island, Alaska to Mexico, and in the Galapagos
Islands (5210,p74)(5267,p48)
Hab: Entangled with algae growing between 3. 0 and 0. 5 foot
tide levels (5000,p62)
Tax: (5013,pl83); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 976
Str. &Repro: (5030)
Rhizoclonium kerneri Stockmayer - (5267,p48)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Mexico (5267,p48)
Hab: In loose masses in pools in intertidal zone (5267,p48)
Tax: (5012,P329) (5041,p!03) (5013,p!85)
210
-------
ALGAE - CHLOROPHYTA
Rhizoclonium riparium (Roth) Harvey - (5000,p63) (5210,p74) (5267,p48)
(5234,p25)(5265,p26)
Dist: Uyak Bay, Alaska to central Calif. (5000,p63) (5265,p26)
also the Galapagos Islands and Chile (5210,p75) (5267,p48)
Hab: Near high tide level (5000,p63)
Tax: (5013,p!82); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 2238
Str. ScRepro: (5030)
Rhizoclonium tortuosum (Dillwyn) Kiitzing - (5000,p62) (5267,p49)
(5234,p25)(5265,p26)
.Dist: Alaska to central Calif. (5000,p62) (5267,p49)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p26)
Tax: (5013,p!85)
Str. &Repro: (5030)
Rosenvingiella constricta (Setchell and Gardner) Silva, 1957 -(5210,p69)
(5267,P47)
Dist: West coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, to
Santa Cruz, Calif. (5210,p70) (5267,p47)
Hab: In spray region just above the intertidal zone on exposed
rocks (5210,p70) (5267,p47)
Str. &Repro: (5028,p384 as Gayella) (5013,p279 as Gayella)
(5000,p54 as Gayella) (5215,p217) (5216,pi77)
Schizogonium murale var. uniseriatum Jao, 1937 - (5210,p65) (5267,p46)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to northern Wash. (5210,p66)
(5267,p46)
Hab: On old wood in the upper intertidal zone ( 521 0, p66) (5267 , p46)
Str. &Repro: (5234, p218) (5259, pi 04)
Spongomorpha arcta (Dillwyn) Kiitzing, 1849 -( 521 0, p96) ( 5267 , p56)
(5265,p25)
Dist: Bering Sea to Oregon and in Chile (5210,p97) (5267,p56)
Hab: On rocks and epiphytic on other algae in middle and
lower intertidal zones (5210,p97) (5267, p56)
Str. &Repro: (5000,p64) (5237,pi) (5214, p31) (5246,pi)
Spongomorpha coalita (Ruprecht) Collins - (5210,p97) (5000,p65) (5267,
p57) (5234,p24) (5265,p25)
Dist: Alaska to central Calif. (5000,p65)
Coll: Ore: (5265,p25) (5210,p98) (5267,p57)
Hab: Growing on rounded boulders between the 1. 0 and -1. 5
foot tide levels. Also dredged from a depth of 20-25
feet(5000,p65)
Tax: (5032,p36l) (5013,p230) (5024, p219) (5029,p67); Phyc.
Bor. -Amer. Nos. 819,922
211
-------
ALGAE - CHLOROPHYTA
Spongomorpha durivscula (Ruprecht) Collins - (5234,p24)
Coll: Oregon (5234)
Tax: (5012,p356) (5013,p225)
Spongomorpha mertensii (Ruprecht) Setchell and Gardner, 1920 -
(5267,p57)(5210,p98)(5265,p25)(5234,p24)
Dist: Unalaska Island, Alaska to San Francisco, Calif. (5210,p99)
(5267,P57)
Hab: In the middle and lower intertidal zones (5210, p99)
(5267)P57)
Str.&Repro: (5000,p64) (5237,pi) (5214,p31) (5246,pi)
Spongomorpha saxatilis var. chamissonis and var. saxatilis (Ruprecht)
Collins, 1909 - (5210,p99) (5265,p295) (5234,p24) (5267,p58)
Dist: Unalaska, Alaska to San Francisco (5210, plOO) (5267,p58)
Hab: On rocks and epiphytic on other algae in intertidal zone
(particularly in lower intertidal zone) (5210, plOO) (5267, p58)
Str. feRepro: (5000,p64) (5237,pi) (5214,p31) (5246,pi)
Spongomorpha spines cens Kutzing, 1849 - (5210, plOO) (5267,p59)
(5265,p25)(5234,p25)
Dist: Unalaska Island, Alaska to Oregon and in Chile (521 0, pl"01)
(5267,p58)
Hab: On rocks and epiphytic on other algae in middle and lower
intertidal zones (5210,plOl) (5267, p59)
Tax: (5013,p229)
Str.feRepro: (5000,p64) (5237,pi) (5214,p31) (5246,pi)
Stephanoptera gracilis (Artari) G. M. Smith (5000 , p27) (5267 , p31)
(5210,P15)
Dist: Northern Washington to Monterey, Calif. (5210, p!5)
(5267,p31) (5000,p27)
Hab: Near high tide mark in spray pools on rocks coated with
the excrement of sea birds (5000,p28) (5210,p!5)
Tax: (5003,p308)(5001,p455)
Tetraselmis maculata Butcher - (5210, p!9)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to northern Wash. (5210,p!9)
Hab: In spray pools near high tide mark (5210, p!9)
Str. &Repro: (5243, p83 as Platymonas) (5000, p29 as Platymonas)
(5269,pl212)
212
-------
ALGAE - CHLOROPHYTA
Thalaj^somonas exurgens Butcher - (5210,p!7)
Dist: Southern British Columbia (5210, p!7)
Hab: Free swimming or floating in phytoplankton of inlets
(5210, 'pi 7)
Str. &Repro: (5269,-pi 22)
Ref: (5269, pi 22)
Trentepohlia odorata (Wiggers) Wittrock (5265, p26)
Dist: Oregon
Coll: Coos Bay, Fossil Pt. , Bassendorf Beach, Lighthouse
Beach, Lighthouse Reef, Squaw Island
Hab: Growing largely as felted layers on trees, or sometimes
on rocks, at considerable distance from tide levels.
The semiaquatic variety umbrina of Hariot while reported
along our coast has not been found (5265,p26)
Ulothrix flacca (Dillwyn) Thuret (5234, p5) (5267,p32) (5210,p27)
(5265,P19)
Dist: St. Michael, Alaska to Calif. ( 5267 , p32) ( 521 0 , p28)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p!9)
Hab: On other algae, rocks, and wood in the intertidal zone
(frequently in upper region) (5210,p28)
Tax: (5276)
Str. 8zRepro: (5249,p!45)
Ulothrix implexa Kutzing - (5000,p34) (5210,p28) (5234, p5) (5267,p33)
Dist: Alaska (St. Michael) to central Calif. (Monterey) (5000,p34)
(5210,p29)(5267,p33)
Hab: Growing at water line on fishing boats (5000,p34) rocks
and wood at mouths of streams (5210,p29)
Tax: (5017,p!53)(5013,p283)
Str. &Repro: (5249,pl45)
Ulothrix laetevirens (Hooker) or (Kutzing) Collins (5267,p33) (5210,p29)
Dist: Unalaska Island, Alaska to Calif. (5210,p29)
Hab: On old wood in intertidal zone ( 521 0 , p29 )
Tax: (5012,p!86)
Str. &Repro: (5249, p!45)
Ulothrix pseudoflacca Wille - (5265,p!9) (5234,p6)
Dist: Coos Bay, Cape Arago, Oregon ( 5265 , p!9 )
Hab: On rocks that are more or less well worn and essentially
bare (5265,pl9)
Str. &Repro: (5013,p285)
213
-------
ALGAE - CHLOROPHYTA
Ulothrix zonata (Web. and Mohr) Kxitzing - (5234, p6)
Dist: Oregon (5234)
•Str. feRepro: (5012,p!84)
Ulva augusta Setchell and Gardner - (5000,p45)
Dist: Humboldt County, Calif, to Carmel Bay, Calif. (5000,p45)
Hab: Epiphytic on Egregia laevigata (5000,p45)
Tax: (5018,p283)(5013,p264)
Str.&Repro: (5023) ( 5022 , p36)
Ulva californica Wille ( 5234, pi 1)
Coll: Oregon (5234)
Tax: (5013,p264)
Ulva expansa (Setchell) Setchell and Gardner - (5267,p43) (5234,plO)
(5000,p46)(5265,p24)(5210,p58)
Dist: Washington to La Paz, Baja Calif. (5000,p46) (5267,p43)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p24)
Hab: Free-floating in quiet water. Epiphytic on Gastroclonium
Coulteri dredged from a depth of 15-20' (5000,p46)
Tax: (5018,p284) (5013,p268 Ulva fasciata forma expansa
Setchell in Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 77
Ulva fene strata Postels and Ruprecht, 1840 - (5267, p43) (5234, p9)
(5210,P59)(5265,P24)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to Oregon ( 521 0, p59 )( 5267 , p43)
Hab: On rocks and free-floating in lower intertidal and upper
subtidal zones (5210,p59)
Str.&Repro: (5013,p260) (5020,p665) (5238,p407) (5263,p351)
(5022,p36) (5212,P285) (5273.P80) (5261,p40) (5264,p375)
(5274,p!82)(5044,p403)
Ulva lactuca Linnaeus - (5000,p45) (5265,pl9) (5210,p60) (5267,p44)
Dist: St. Michael, Alaska to Gulf of Calif. , Mexico (5000,p45)
(5267,p44)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265 , p!9 )
Hab: Epiphytic or saxicolous. Growing between 2' mean low
tide levels (5000,p45)
Poll. Studies: (2475, p341 )
Tax: (5024,p218)(5013,p265)
Str.&Repro: ( 5023) (5022 , p36)
214
-------
ALGAE - CHLOROPHYTA
Ulva latissima Linnaeus (5267,p44)
Dist; Juneau, Alaska to northern Washington (5Z67,p44)
Hab: On mud flats in lower intertidal zone in quiet bays, often
floating (5267,p45)
Tax: (501 0, p21 0 as IJ. lactuca var. latissima)
Ulva Linza Linnaeus (5000,p44)(5265,p24)
Dist: Orca, Alaska to Baja Calif. (5000,p44)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago ( 5265 , p24)
Hab: Growing on rocks between 2' mean low-tide levels. At
times epiphytic (5000,p44)
Tax: (5024,p218)(5013,p262)
Str. &Repro: ( 5023) ( 5022 , p36)
Ulva lobata (Kutzing) Setchell and Gardner -'(5000, p46) (5234, pi 0)
Dist: San Francisco to San Diego, Calif. (5000,p47)
Coll: Oregon (5234)
Hab: Usually saxicolous , occasionally epiphytic. Most thalli
growing between 2 and 0. 5 feet tide levels. Abundant
everywhere.
Tax: (5018,p284) (501 3 , p268);Ulva fasciata forma lobata Setchell
in Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 863
Str. &Repro: ( 5023) (5022 , p36)
Ulva rigida C. A. Agardh ( 5000 , p47 )( 521 0, p6l)
Dist: Uyak Bay, Alaska to La Paz, Baja, Calif. (5000,p47)
(5267,P45)
Hab: Growing on rocks between 4 foot and 2 foot tide levels
(5000,p47)
Tax: (5013,p269)
Str. &Repro: (5023) ( 5022 , p36)
Ulva stenophylla Setchell and Gardner - (5000,p47) (5 234, pi 0)
Dist: Bolinas to Monterey (type loc. ) (5000,p47)
Coll: Oregon (5234)
Tax: (5018,p282)(5013,P271)
Str. &Repro: ( 5023) ( 5022 , p36)
Ulva taeniata (Setchell) Setchell and Gardner (5234, p8) ( 5000,p48)
(5265,P24)
Dist: Coos Bay, Oregon to Carmel Bay, Calif. (5000,p48)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265, p24)
Hab: Growing on rocks between 1 and 11/2 feet tide levels
(5000,p48)
215
-------
ALGAE - CHLOROPHYTA
Ulva taeniata (Setchell) Setchell and Gardner - continued
Tax: (5018. p286) (5013, p273 as Ulva fasciata forma taeniata
Setchell in Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 862) (5024, p218)
Str. &Repro: (5023) (5022, p36)
Ulva vexata Setchell and Gardner, 1920 - (5210, p62)
Dist: Northern Washington to San Francisco, Calif. (5210, p63)
Hab: On rocks high in intertidal zone on exposed coast (5210, p63)
Str. &Repro: (5044, p403) (5013, p260) (5020, p665) (5238, p407)
(5263, p351) (5022, p36) (5212, p285) (5273, p80) (5261, p40)
(5264,p375) (5274, p!82)
Urospora dolifera (Setchell and Gardner) Hollenberg - (5234, p26)
Urospora grandis Kylin - (5234, p26) (5267, p50)
Dist: Unalaska I. , Alaska to Oregon (5267, p50)
Hab: On rocks in upper intertidal zone (5267, p50)
Tax: (5060, p494 as Hormiscia frandis) (5013, p!95 as Hormiscia
grandis)
Urospora mirabilis Areschoug, 1866 - (5210, p78)
Dist: Bering Sea to southern Calif. (5210, p80)
Hab: On rocks and old wood in upper intertidal zone, frequently
exposed to surf (5210, p80)
Str.&Repro: (5248, p355) (5237, pi) (5246, pi)
Urospora penicilliformis (Roth) Areschoug - (5000,p64) (5267,p50)
(5234, p27) (5265, p25)
Dist: Port Clarence, Alaska to Carmel Bay, Calif. (5000, p64)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265, p25) (5267, p50)
Hab: Forming a dark green hair-like coating on rounded boulders
between 3. 0 and 1. 5 foot tide levels (5000, p64)
Tax: (5013, p!91); Setchell and Dobie in Phyc. Bor. -Amer.No. 1125
Str. feRepro: (5169)
Urospora sphaerulifera Setchell and Gardner - (5060, p493) (5267, p51)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267, p51)
Hab: On boulders in lower intertidal zone (5267, p51)
Tax: (5060, p493 as Hormiscia sphaerulifera) (5013,pl96 as
Hormiscia sphaerulifera)
216
-------
ALGAE CHLOROPHYTA
Urospora tetraciliata Frye and Zeller - (5267, p51)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267,p51)
Hab: On stone.s, shells and epiphytic on other algae in intertidal
zone (5267,p51)
Tax: (5031,p86 as Hormiscia tetraciliata) (5013, p!93 as Hormiscia
tetraciliata)
Urospora vancouveriana (Tilden) Setchell and Gardner, inGardner, 1919 -
(5210,p80)(5267,p51)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to northern Washington (5210,
P81)(5267,P51)
Hab: On stones and shells in lower intertidal zone (5210,p81)
Str. &Repro: (5248, p355) (5237,pi) (5246,pi)
Urospora wormskjoldii (Mertens) Rosenvinge, 1893 - (5210, p81) (5265,
p25)(5267,P51)
Dist: Unalaska, Island, Alaska to southern Calif. (5210,
P82)(5267,p52)
Hab: On rocks, shells, and old wood, and epiphytic on other
algae in intertidal and upper subtidal zones (5210,p82)
Str. &Repro: (5248,p355) (5237,pi) (5246,pi)
Vaucheria Thuretii Woronin (5234,p29)
Coll: Oregon (5234,p29)
Tax: (5016,plOO)
ALGAE - PHAEOPHYTA
Agarum cribrosum Bory - (5267,plOl)
Dist: Bering Sea to northern Washington (5267, pi 02)
Hab: On rocks in upper subtidal zone down to a depth to at least
5 fms (5267, pi 02)
Tax: (5010,p265 as A. turneri) (51 52, p6l 5)
Agarum fimbriatum Harvey (5267, p!02)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to southern Calif. (5267, pi 02)
Hab: On rocks from upper subtidal zone down to a depth of
several fms (5267,pi 02)
Tax: (5010,p266) (5152, p6l6) (5041, pi 09)
217
-------
ALGAE PHAEOPHYTA
Alaria marginata Postels and Ruprecht- ( 5000, pi47) ( 5267 , pi 08)(5234, p43)
(5265,P32)
Dist: Oregon to Central Calif.
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5267,pi 08) (5265, p32)
Hab: Abundant between mean low-tide and -1. 5 ft. to 5-10
feet below extreme low-tide level (5000,pl47)
Tax: (5029,p67)(5134,p98)(5152,p640)
Str. &Repro: (5085, p224)
Alaria nana Schrader - (5000, p!46) (5267.pl 08)
Dist: British Columbia to central Calif. (5000, pi 47) (5267, pi 09)
Tax: (5127,162)(5152,p636)
Str. &Repro: (5085, p224)
Alaria tenuifolia f. amplior Setchell and Gardne r - (5 267 , pi 09 )
Dist: Southern British Columbia to northern Washington (5267, pi 09)
Hab: On rocks and wood in upper subtidal zone (5267, pi 09)
Tax: (5010,p274)(5152,p639)(5041,pill)
Alaria tenuifolia f. tenuifolia Setchell, in Collins, Holden and Setchell -
(5267,pi 09)
Dist: Bering Sea to northern Washington (5267, pi 10)
Hab: On rocks in lower intertidal and upper subtidal zones
(5267, pi 10)
Tax: (5297,p45 as A. tenuifolia) ( 501 0, p 272 as _A. tenuifolia and
as A. pylaii) (5152,p638 as A. tenuifolia) (5134, pi 2 as
A. tenuifolia) (5l68,p97 as A_. pylaii)
Alaria valida Kjellman and Setchell - (5265,p31)
Dist: Oregon, Coos Bay to Cape Arago (5265,p31)
Coll: Coos Head, Lighthouse Reef, Squaw Island, Sunset Bay,
North Bay, and South Bay
Hab: In some areas this algae is the major component of the
intertidal kelp beds. This is a southward extension of
the recorded range of Alaria valida ( 5265 , p31)
Tax: (5010,p278)
Alaria valida f. longipes Setchell and Gardner -(5267, pi 10)
Dist: Queen Charlotte Sound, British Columbia to northern
Washington (5267, pi 10)
Hab: On rocks in upper subtidal zone (5267, pi 10)
Tax: (5010,p279)(5152,P644)
218
-------
ALGAE - PHAEOPHYTA
Alaria valida f. valida Kjellman and Setchell in Setchell and Gardner -
(5297,p278)(5267,pllO)
Dist: Unga Island, Alaska to northern Washington (5267, pi 10)
Hab: On rocks in upper subtidal zone (5267,plll)
Tax: (5010,p278 as A. valida) (51 52,p643 as A. valida) (5041 ,
pi 1 0 as A_. grandifolia)
Chorda filum (Linnaeus) Lamouroux - (5267,p93)
Dist: Bering Sea to northern Washington (5267,p93)
Hab: On stones in upper subtidal zone (5267,p93)
Tax: (5296,p213) (5010,p254) (5152,p592) (5041,pi 08)
Chordaria dissessa Setchell and Gardner -(5267,p79)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267,p79)
Hab: Epiphytic on Zostera (5267,p79)
Tax: (5010,p249 as Castagnea divaricata) (5150, p8) (5152, p574)
Coilodesme bulligera Stromfelt (5267, p9 1) (5265,p28) (5234,p38)
Dist: Alaska to Oregon (5267,p91)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay to Cape Arago (5265, p28)
Hab: Not common, growing on rocks at low tide level. Setchell
and Gardner (5152,p58) report this species as "growing
on rocks in lower littoral belt, Shumagon Islands,
Alaska, to Coos Bay, Oregon."
Tax: (5152, p581)
Coilodesme calif ornica (Ruprecht) Kjellman (5000,p!31) (5267, p9 1)
(5234,p39)(5265:p28)
Dist: Puget Sound to southern Calif. (5000,p!32)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay to Cape Arago (5265,p28) (5267,p92)
Hab: Epiphytic on Cystoseira osmundaceae. Sporophytes appearing
in May and completely disappearing by the end of August.
Abundant wherever the host is found (5000, pi 32)
Tax: (5123,p!60) (5152,p579); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 1
Str. &Repro: (51 23, pi 59)
Colpomenia sinuosa f. sinuosa (Roth) Derbes and Solier - (5267 , p90)
(5000,p!28)(5234,p36)(5265,p29)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (5000, pi 28)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay to Cape Arago (5265,p29) (5267,p90)
Hab: Usually epiphytic on Gastroclonium Coulteri but also
epiphytic on various other algae growing between the
219
-------
ALGAE - PHAEOPHYTA
Colopomenia sirmosa f. sinuosa (Roth) Derbes and Solier - continued
0. 5 and -1. 0 foot tide levels. Also dredged (5000, pi 28)
Frequently is associated with Leathesia difformis in lower
portion of the Ulva association (5265, p29) (5000, pi 28)
Tax: (51 23, pi 64) (5152,p539); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 278
Str.&Repro: (5093) (51 23 , pi 63 )
Colpomenia sinuosa f. tuberculata (Saunders) Setchell and Gardner -
(5267,P90)
Dist: Unalaska Island, Alaska to Mexico (5267,p91)
Hab: On rocks and epiphytic on other algae in the middle intertidal
zone (5267,p91)
Tax: (5010,p242)(5151,p725)(5152,p541)
Compsonema secundum Setchell and Gardner (5000, pi 09) (5265, p28)
Dist: Washington to central Calif. (5000, pi 09) (5265,p28)
Coll: Wash: Moclips (5000, pi 09)
Hab: On pneumatocysts of Nereocystis Luetkeana.
Tax: (5146,p36l) (5152,p483)
Str. &Repro: (5146)
Compsonema sessile Setchell and Gardner - (5267, p76)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267,p76)
Hab: Epiphytic on Hedophyllum sessile (5267,p76)
Tax: (5146,P358)(5152,p474)
Compsonema sporangiiferum Setchell and Gardner - (5267,p77)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267,p77)
Hab: Epiphytic on pneumatocysts of Nereocystis (5267, p77)
Tax: (5146,p357)(5152,p481)
Costaria costata (Turner) Saunders (5000,p!38) (5267,plOO) (5234, p41)
(5265,p30)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (5000, pi 38)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay. Cape Arago ( 5265 , p30) ( 5267 , pi 00)
Hab: Growing between the 1. 0 and -1. 5 foot tide levels on rocks
exposed to action of surf (5000, p!38)
Tax: (5122,p57)(5152,P610)
Str. feRepro: (5036) (5085,p237)
Costaria Mertensii J. Agardh ( 5234 , p41 ) (5267 , pi 01 )
Dist: Bering Sea to Monterey, Calif. (5267, pi 01)
Hab: On rocks in upper subtidal zone (5267, pi 01
Tax: (5152)(5000,p!38)
220
-------
ALGAE PHAEOPHYTA
Cymathere triplicata (Postels and Ruprecht) J. Agardh - (5267, p99)
Dist: Bering Sea to northern Washington (5267,p99)
Hab: On rocks in upper subtidal zone (5267, pi 00)
Tax: (5126)P430)(5296)P213)(5010,p264)(5152,P608)(5041,pl09)
Cystoseira geminata C. Agardh - (5267,p!22)
Dist: Bering Sea to northern Washington (5267, pi 23)
Hab: On rocks in lower inte rtidal.and upper subtidal zones
(5267,pl23)
Tax: (5061 ,p285) and ( 51 52 , p706) as Cystophyllum geminatum)
(5041,plll)
Cystoseira osmundacea (Menzies) C. A. Agardh ( 5000 , pi 56) (5234 , p45)
(5265,p33)
Dist: Northern Oregon to Baja California
Coll: Ore: Seaside (5000,p!57) (5265,p33)
Hab: Growing on rocks between mean low-tide and -1. 5 foot
tide levels. Also dredged from a depth of 20-35 feet
near Mussel Point and near Point Aulon (5000, pi 57)
Tax: (5175,p333) (5152,p709); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. Nos. 46, 45A
Str. feRepro: (5174,p!31)
Desmarestia farcta Setchell and Gardner -(5267,p80)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267,p81)
Hab: Probably subtidal (5267 , p81)
Tax: (5150,p7) (5152,p562)
Desmarestia foliacea Pease (5267,p81)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267,p81)
Hab: On rocks in upper subtidal zone (5267,p81)
Tax: (5291,p388 as D. tabacoides) (5292) (5152,p569)
Desmarestia herbacea (Turner) Lamouroux (5000 , pi 21) ( 5267 , p81)
(5234,P35)(5265,P30)
Dist: Alaska to southern California
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay and Cape Arago (5265,p30) (5267,p81)
From stomach of a specimen of Aspocatis bison caught
in Coos Bay in 1938 (5265,p30)
Hab: Growing on rocks between 0. 5 and -1.5 foot tide levels.
Also dredged from a depth of 30-35 feet a quarter-mile
from the Municipal Wharf, Monterey (5000, pi 21)
Tax: (5152,p566)
Str. kRepro: (5170, p252)
221
-------
ALGAE PHAEOPHYTA
Desmarestia intermedia Postels and Ruprecht - ( 5265 , p29 )( 5267 , p82)
(5234,p35)
Dist: Bering Sea to Oregon (5267, p82)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound ( 5265 , p29; Ore: Sunset Bay (5265 , p29)
Tax: (5152,P564)
Desmarestia latifrons (Ruprecht) Klitzing (5000, pi 20) (5234,p35)
(5265,P29)
Dist: Oregon to central Calif. (5000, pi 21)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p29)
Hab: Growing on rocks exposed to strong surf and between
mean low-tide and -1. 5 foot tide levels.
Tax: (5024,p219) (5152,p563); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 279
Str. &Repro: (5170, p252)
Desmarestia latissima Setchell and Gardner - (5292, p319) (5267,p83)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267,p83)
Hab: On rocks in quiet bays in upper subtidal zone (5267,p83)
Tax: (5292,p319)(5152,p568)
Desmarestia ligulata (Lightfoot) Lamouroux (5267,p83)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to northern Washington (5267,p83)
Hab: On rocks and shells in lower intertidal and upper subtidal
zones (5267,p83)
Tax: (5010,p247) (5152,p566) (5291,p388) (5292,p314)
Desmarestia media var. tenuis Setchell and Gardner - (5267,p83)
Dist: Juneau, Alaska to northern Washington (5267,p84)
Hab: On stones in upper subtidal zone (5267, p84)
Tax: (5010,p246 as D_. aculeata f. media) (5150,p7) (5152,p56l)
(5041 ,p!07 as D. aculeata f. media)
Desmarestia rnunda Setchell and Gardner ( 5000, pi 21) (5267 , p84)
(5234,p35)(5265,p30)
Dist: Puget Sound to southern California
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p30) (5267,p84)
Hab: Growing on rocks between the mean low-tide and -1. 5
foot levels. Also dredged from a depth of 30-35 feet a
quarter-mile from Municipal Wharf, Monterey (5000, p!22)
Tax: (5150, p7 ) (5152,p56)
Str. feRepro: (5170,p252)
222
-------
ALGAE - PHAEOPHYTA
Desmarestia viridis (Miiller) Lamouroux (5000,pl!9) (5Z67,p85)
Dist: Alaska to Carme.1, Calif. ( 5267 , p85) ( 5000 , pi 20)
Tax: (50l6,pl60); Phyc. Bor.-Amer. No. 531
Str. &Repro: (5170,p252)
Dictyoneurum californicum Ruprecht (5000,p!39) (5267,p!04)
Dist: British Columbia to central California ( 5000 , p!40)(5267 , pi 04)
Hab: Growing between the 0. 5 and -1. 5 tide levels on rocks
more or less directly exposed to surf. Fairly common
on all rocky points of the Peninsula. Also dredged from
depth of 15-20 feet (5000,pl39)
Tax: (5024,p220) (5128,p47) (5152,p622); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 11
Str. &Repro: (5152,p621)
Dictyosiphon foeniculaceus (Hudson) Greville - (5267,p92)
Dist: Bering Sea to northern Washington (5267, p92)
Hab: On stones and other algae in middle and lower intertidal
zones (5267,p92)
Tax: (5126,p422) (5010,p248 in part) (5152,p589) (5041 ,p!07)
Dictyosiphon sinicola Gardner - (5267,p92)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to northern Wash. (5267, p92)
Hab: On rocks on muddy bottom in quiet water (5267,p92)
Tax: (5290,p268)
Dictyota flabellata (Collins) Setchell and Gardner (5000,plOl) (5234,p34)
Dist: Central to southern Calif. (5000,p!02)
Hab: Fifteen feet below pneumatocyst of Nereocystis and free
floating (5000,p!02)
Tax: (5150,p!2) (5152,p652)
Str. &Repro: (5162)
Ectocarpus acutus var. acutus Setchell and Gardner - (5000, p80) (5267 , p67)
(5234,p31)(5265,p27)
Dist: Puget Sound to central Calif. (5000,p81)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p27)
Hab: Epiphytic on Desmarestia, especially D_. herbacea
(5000,p81 ). On kelps and Zostera (5234,p31 )
Tax: (5149,p404)(5152,p415)
Str. &Repro: (5092)(51l6)
223
-------
ALGAE - PHAEOPHYTA
Ectocarpus acutus var. haplogloiae Doty - (5234,p32) (5267 , p67)
Dist: Northern Washington to Oregon (5267, p68)
Hab: Epiphytic on Haplogloia andersonii in lower intertidal
zone (5267,p68)
Tax: (5149,p404)
Ectocarpus confervoides (Roth) Le Jolis - (5267,p68) (5265,p27) (5234,p31)
Dist: Alaska to San Francisco, Calif. (5267, p68)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p27)
Ectocarpus confervoides var. pygmaecus (Areschoug) Kjellman
(5000, p84); E_. pygmaeus Areschoug, in Kjellman ( 5267 , p71)
Dist: Alaska to central Calif. ( 5000, p84)(5267 , p71)
Hab: Growing on Laminariales and Desmarestiales of the lower
littoral (5000,p84)
Tax: (5123,p!54) (5152,p415)
Str. &Repro: (5092) (5116)
E'cfaacarpus corticulans Saunders (5000,p8l)(5267,p68)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (5000,p81) (5267,p68)
Hab: Growing on Desmarestia (5000,p81)
Tax: (51235pl52)(5152,p418)
Str. &Repro: (5092) (5116)
Ectocarpus cylindricus Saunders - (5000,p87) (5267, p69)
Dist: Northern Washington to Carmel, Calif. (5267,p69)
Hab: Growing on various Laminariales and on Cystoseira.
Most frequently found on pneumatocysts of Egregia
menziesii. Also on Calliarthron dredged from a depth
of 15-20 feet at Stillwater Cove (5000,p87)
Tax: (5123,p!50) (5152,p432); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 1695
Str. &Repro: (5092) (5116)
Ectocarpus granulosus (J. E. Smith) C. A. Agardh ( 5000 , p81)( 5267 , p69)
(5265,P27)(5234,p31)
Dist: Puget Sound to southern Calif; (5000 , p82) ( 5265 , p27)
(5267,p70)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p27) (5267,p70)
Hab: Growing between the 0. 5 and -1. 5 foot tide levels; on rocks
and epiphytic on various larger algae. Also dredged from
depths between 15-35 feet (5000,p82)
Tax: (5024,P219) (5123,p!56) (5152,p426); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 1589
Str. &Repro: (5092) (5116)
224
-------
ALGAE - PHAEOPHYTA
Ectocarpus mucronatus Saunders (5267 ,p70)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Mexico (5267, p70)
Hab: Epiphytic on other algae and Zostera (5267,p70)
Tax: (5123,p!52)(5010,p238)(5152,p419)(5041,p!06)(5228,p220)
Ectocarpus oviger Harvey (5000,p82)(5267,p70)(5265,p27)
Dist: Puget Sound to central Calif. (5000,p83)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p27) (5267,p70)
Hab: Growing on Nereocystis Lue.tkeana (5000,p83) (5265,p27)
Tax: (5072, pi 67) (5152, p428)
Str. &Repro: (5092) (5116)
Ectocarpus siliculosus (Dillwyn) Lyngbye - (5265,p27) (5234,p31)
(5265,P27)
Dist: Coos Bay, Oregon to San Francisco, Calif. (5265, p27)
Tax: (5152,p410)
Remarks: Very abundant floating in Coos Bay in 1940 (5265, p27)
Ectocarpus terminalis Kiitzing - (5234, p32) (5267, p71)
Dist: Unalaska I. , Alaska, to Laguna, Calif. (5267,p71)
Hab: Epiphytic on larger brown algae (5267,p71)
Tax: (5152,p421)
Ectocarpus tomentosus (Hudson) Lyngbye - (5000,p83) (5267,p71)
Dist: Alaska (Kodiak Island) to southern Calif. (Laguna Beach)
(5000,p83)(5267,p71)
Hab: Growing on Fucus, Hesperophycus , and Pelvetia (5000, p83)
(5267,P71)
Tax: (5123, p!55) (5152, p417); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 478
Str. &Repro: (5092) (5116)
Ectocarpus variabilis (Saunders) G. M. Smith (SOOO , p85) ( 5234, p31)
Ectocarpus dimorphus Silva (5267,p69)
Dist: Puget Sound to Mexico (5000, p85) (5267, p69)
Hab: Growing on various Laminariales, especially Laminaria
Andersonii and Lessoniopsis littoralis (5000, p85)
Tax: (5157,p647) (5289,p42)
Str. &Repro: (5092) (5116)
Egregia Menziesii (Turner) Areschoug subsp. menziesii - ( 5 267, pi 11)
(5000,p!49)(5234,p44)(5265,p32)
Dist: British Columbia to central Calif. (5000, pi 50) (5267 , pi 11)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p32)
225
-------
ALGAE PHAEOPHYTA
Egregia Menziesii (Turner) Areschoug subsp. menziesii - continued
Hab: Growing on rocks between the 2. 0 foot and mean low-
tide levels (5000,p!49)(5265,p32)
Tax: (5024,p221)(5029,p67)(5152,p648); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. Nos.
1741, 42
Str. &Repro: (5109) (5119)
Elachistea fucicola (Velley) Areschoug - (5265,p27) (5267,p77) (5234,P33)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to central Oregon (5265, p27) (5267, p77)
Hab: This species is reported by Setchell and Gardner (5152,p503)
as "growing on different species of Fucus in the lower
littoral belt. "
Tax: (5152,p503)
Eudesme virescens (Carmichael) J. Agardh (5267,p78)
Dist: Shumagin Is. , Alaska to southern Calif. (5267, p78)
Hab: On rocks and epiphytic on Zostera (5267,p78)
Tax: (5010,p249) (5150,pll as Aegira virescens) (5152,p547
as Aegira virescens)
Fucus edeiitatus f. acutus Gardner - (5267, pl!2)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to northern Wash. (5267, pi 12)
Hab: On rocks in middle intertidal zone (5267, pi 12)
Tax: (5010,p280 as _F. in flatus f. linearis) (5152.p680) (5041,pill)
(5061,p31)
Fucus edentatus f. costatus Gardner - (5267, pi 12)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267, pi 12)
Hab: On rocks in lower intertidal zone (5267, pi 12)
Tax: (5010,p284 as _F. evanescens f. angustus) (5152,p680)
(5061,p30)
Fucus edentatus f. divaricatus Gardner (5267, pi 12)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to northern Washington (5267, pi 13)
Hab: On sandstone ledges in lower intertidal zone (5267,pi 13)
Tax: (5010,p281 as F_. inflatus f. filiformis) (5152,p681)
(5041 , pi 11 as F. inflatus f. filiformis) (5061 ,p31) (5298, pi00)
Fucus edentatus f. divergens Gardner - (5267,pl!3)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267, pi 13)
Hab: On rock ledges in lower intertidal zone (5267,pl!3)
Tax: (5061,P29)(5152,p679)
226
-------
ALGAE - PHAEOPHYTA
Fucus edentatus £. edentatus De La Pylaie - (5267,pll3)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to Oregon (5267, pi 13)
Hab: On rocks in upper and middle intertidal zones (5267, pi 13)
Tax: (5061,p28 as F. edentatus) (5152,p678 as F. _edentatus_)
Fucus edentatus var. herperius Gardner - (5234, p45)
Coll: Oregon (5234)
Tax: (5061, p28) (5152, p678)
Fucus Javanese ens C. Agardh - (5234, p44)
Coll: Oregon (5234)
Tax: (5061,p36) (5152, P681)
Fucus evanescens f. cuneatus Gardner - (5265, p33)
Dist: Near Empire, Coos Bay, Oregon (5265, p33)
Hab: Gardner says (506l,p39): "Growing on sandstone in upper
littoral region. "
Fucus evanescens f. ecostatus Gardner - (5265}p33)
Dist: Coos Bay, Oregon'(5152, p69)
Hab: "Growing on sandstone, wooden floats, etc. , in upper
littoral belt, " (5152, p697)
Fucus evanescens f. evanescens - (5267,pll4)
Dist: Bering Sea to Oregon (5267, pi 14)
Hab: On rocks in intertidal and upper subtidal zones (5267, pi 14)
Tax: (5041,pill as F. evanescens) (506l,p36 as F. evanescens)
(5152,p681 as F. evanescens)
Fucus evanes cens f. flabellatus Gardner - (5267, pl!4)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267, pi 14)
Hab: On rocks and ledges in middle intertidal zone (5267, pi 14)
Tax: (5061, p44) (5152, P689)
Fucus evanescens f. macrocephalus Kjellman - (5267,pll4)
Dist: Bering Sea to northern Washington (5267,pll 5)
Hab: On rocks in middle intertidal zone (5267, pi 15)
Tax: (5126,p432) (5010,p282) (5152,P684) (5041,pill) (5061,p45)
(5298, plOO)
Fucus evanescens f. magnificus Gardner - (5267, pi 15)
Dist: Juneau, Alaska to northern Washington (5267, pi 15)
Hab: On rocks in upper and middle intertidal zones (5267, pi 15)
Tax: (5061, p48) (5152, p686)
227
-------
ALGAE - PHAEOPHYTA
Fucus evanescens f. nanus Kjellman - (5267, pi 15)
~ Dist: Yakutat Bay, Alaska to Tokeland, central Washington (5267 , pi 15)
Hab: On rocks on mud flats in brackish water in upper intertidal
zone (5267,pl!5)
Tax: (5010,p285)(5152,P698)(5061,p37)
Fucus evanescens f. oregonensis Gardner - (5265,p33)
Dist: Coos Bay, Oregon (5265 , p33)
Hab: Gardner records it as follows: "Growing on floats,
piles, stones, etc. in middle and upper littoral belts. "
(5061,p40)
Fucus evanescens f. pergrandis Kjellman - (5267, pi 16)
Dist: Unalaska I. , Alaska to northern Washington (5267, pi 1 6)
Hab: On rocks in upper and middle intertidal zones (5267, pi 16)
Tax: (5010,p284)(5152,p685)(5041,pill)(5061,p46)
Fucus evanescens f. robustus Setchell and Gardner - (5267, pi 16)
Dist: Bering Sea to northern Washington (5267, pi 16)
Hab: On rocks in upper intertidal zone in sheltered areas
(5267,pl!6)
Tax: (5010,p283) (5152,p687) (506l,p47) (5298,pi 00)
Fucus evanescens f. stellatus Gardner - (5267, pi 16)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267, pi 16)
Hab: On rocks and logs in lower intertidal zone (5267, pi 16)
Tax: (5061,p49)(5152,p687)
Fucus gardneri f. abbreviatus (Gardner) Scagel - (5267, pi 16)
Fucus furcatus f. abbreviatus Gardner - (5265,p32)
Dist: Northern Washington to Oregon (5267, pi 17)
Hab: On floating objects at North Bend in Coos Bay (5265, p32)
Tax: (5061 ,p!9) and (5152,p672) as F_. furcatus f. abbreviatus
Fucus gardneri f. angustus (Gardner) Scagel - (5267,pl!7)
Fucus furcatus f. angustus Gardner -'(5265, p32)
Dist: Northern Washington to central Oregon (5267, pi 17)
Coll: Ore: Sunset Beach, near mouth of Coos Bay, May 1914
(5152,P673)
Tax: (5061 , pi8) and (5152,p673) as F_. furcatus f. angustus
228
-------
ALGAE - PHAEOPHYTA
Fucus gardneri f. contortus (Gardner) Scagel - (5267,pl!7)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267, pi 17)
Hab: On rocks in lower intertidal zone (5267, pi 17)
Tax: (5061 ,p25) and (51 52 , p688) as F_. furcatus f. contortus
Fucus gardneri f. cornutus (Gardner) Scagel - ( 5267 , pi 1 7 )
Dist: Yakutat Bay, Alaska to northern Washington (5267, pi 17)
Hab: On rocks in middle and lower intertidal zones (5267, pi 18)
Tax: (5041 , pi 11 as _F. evanescens f. cornutus) (5010, p283 as
F_. evanescens f. cornutus) (51 52, p671) and (5061 , p20) as
F_. furcatus £. cornutus
Fucus gardneri f. elongatus (Gardner) Scagel.- (5267,pl!8)
Fucus furcatus f. elongatus Gardner (5265,p32)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to central Oregon (5267, pi 18)
Coll: Wash: south end of San Juan Island (5265 , p32); Ore:
Sunset Beach, May 1914 (5061,p21)(5152,p667)
Tax: (5061 ,p21) arid (5152,p667) as F_. furcatus f. elongatus
Fucus gardneri f. gardneri Silva (5 267, pi 18)
Fucus furcatus C. A. Agardh ( 5000 , pi 52) (5234 , p44)
Fucus furcatus f. typicus - ( 5 265 , p3 2)
Dist: Alaska to central Calif. (5000, pi 52)
Tax: (5061 ,p!6) (5152,p664)
Str.&Repro: (5055)
Fucus gardneri f. latifrons (Gardner) Scagel - (5267, pi 19)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267, pi 19)
Hab: On rocks in middle and lower intertidal zones (5267,pl!9)
Tax; (5061 ,p25) and(5152,p670) as F_. furcatus f. latifrons
Fucus gardneri f. linearis (Gardner) Scagel (5267,pl!9)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267, pi 19)
Hab: On rocks in lower intertidal zone (5267, pi 19)
Tax: (5061 ,p!9) and (5152,p672) as F_. furcatus f. linearis
Fucus gardneri f. nigricans (Gardner) Scagel - (5267,pl!9)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267, pi 19)
Hab: On rocks in middle and lower intertidal zone (5267,pl!9)
Tax; (5061 ,p21) and (5152,p671 ) as F_. furcatus f. nigricans
229
-------
ALGAE - PHAEOPHYTA
Fucus gardneri f. reflexus (Gardner) Scagel (5267, p!20)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267, pi 20)
Hab: On rocks in lower intertidal zone (5267, pi 20)
Tax: (5061 ,p23) and (5152,p669) as F_. furcatus f. reflexus
Fucus gardneri f. rigidus (Gardner) Scagel (5267, p!20)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to northern Wash. (5267, pi 20)
Hab: On rocks in lower intertidal zone (5267, pi 20)
Tax: (5061 ,p24) (5152, p668) and (5298, plOO) as _F. furcatus
f. rigidus
Fucus gardneri f. variabilis (Gardner) Scagel (5267,p!20)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska, to southern British Columbia (5267,p!20)
Hab: On rocks in middle intertidal zone (5267, pi 20)
Tax: (5061 ,p26) and (5152,p669) and (5298,pi 00) as .F. furcatus
f. variabilis
Fucus membranaceus f. limitatus Gar dne r - (5267, pi 21)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to northern Wash. (5267,p!21)
Hab: On rocks and wood in upper intertidal zone (5267, pi 21)
Tax: (5061,p35)(5152,p675)(5298,plOO)
Fucus membranaceus f. membranaceus Gardner - (5267,p!21)
Dist: Bering Sea to northern Washington (5267, pi 21)
Hab: On rocks in intertidal zone (5267, pi 21)
Tax: (5061 ,p32) and (5152,p673) as F_. membranaceus
Haplogloia Andersonii (Farlow) Levring - (5000,pl!7) (5267,p78)
(5234,p34)(5265,p28)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (5000, pi 18)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago ( 5265 , p28) (5267 , p78)
Hab: Growing between the 0. 5 and -1. 5 foot tide levels on
rocks in tide pools. Usually appearing late in winter and
disappearing early in June (5000,pi 18)
Str. StRepro: (5152,p556 as Myriogloia)
Haplogloia kuckuckii Kylin (5267,p79)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to northern Washington (5267,p79)
Hab: On rocks in lower intertidal zone (5267, p79)
Tax: (5126,p424 as Liebmannia)
230
-------
ALGAE - PHAEOPHYTA
Hedophyllum sessile (Agardh) Setchell - (5265, p30) (5267, plOZ) (5234, p42)
Dist: Yakutat Bay, Alaska to Point Sur, Calif. (5267, p!03)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago; Calif: Bassendorf
Beach, Mussel Reef, Sunset Bay, North Bay, South
Bay (5265,p30)
Hab: Found on littoral rocks. These plants are frequently
conspicuous in the Fucus zone (5265, p30)
Tax: Phyc. Bor. -Amer. Fasc. A, No. 8; (51 52, p6l 7)
Hedophyllum subsessile (Areschoug) Setchell (5265,p31) (5267, p!03)
(5234, p42)
Dist: Bering Sea to Oregon (5267, p!03)
Hab: "Growing on rocks in exposed localities in middle
littoral belt. " Setchell and Gardner (5150, p6l9)
Tax: (5130); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. , Fasc. B, No. 27
Remarks: A form approaching this species has been obtained
from North and Sunset Bay. If it is this plant, it is
entirely out of the reported range (5265, p31)
Heterochordaria abietina (Ruprecht) Setchell and Gardner - (5000, p98)
(5267,P80) (5234,p33) (5265,p29)
Dist: Alaska to central Calif. (5000, p98)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265, p29) (5287, p80)
(5000,p98)
Hab: Growing between the 4. 0 and 2. 5 foot tide levels on
rocks exposed to moderate or heavy surf. The erect
shoots appearing early in March and disappearing
early in November (5000, p98) (5267, p80)
Tax: (5150,p6) (5152,p550)
Str.&Repro: (5152,p550)
Laminaria complanata (Setchell and Gardner) Setchell - (5267;p93)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267, p93)
Hab: On rocks and piles in lower intertidal and upper subtidal
zones (5267, p93)
Tax: (5010, p262 as L_. saccharina f. complanata); (5152, p596)
(5041, pi09 as L_. saccharina f. complanata)
Laminaria cuneifolia f. amplissima Setchell and Gardner - (5267, p93)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to northern Washington (5267, p93)
Hab: On rocks and wood in upper subtidal zone in sheltered
areas (5267, p94)
Tax: (5010, p258 as L. bullata f. amplissima); (5152, p603);
(5041, p!09 as L. bullata f. amplissima)
231
-------
ALGAE - PHAEOPHYTA
Laminaria cuneifolia f. angusta Setchell and Gardner -(5267,p94)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to northern Wash. (5267, p94)
Hab: On rocks in upper subtidal zone (5267, p94)
Tax: (5010,p257 as L. bullata f. angusta) (5152,p602)
(5041 , p!08 as L_. bullata f. angusta)
Laminaria cuneifolia f. cuneifolia J. Agardh (5265 , p30) ( 5267 , p94)
(5234,P39)
Dist: Bering Sea to Oregon (5267,p94) (5265,p30)
Hab: The sublittoral belt (5265, p30)
Tax: (5126,p429)(5152,p600)
Laminaria cuneifolia £. subsimplex Setchell and Gardner -(5267,p95)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to northern Washington (5267, p95)
Hab: On rocks in upper subtidal zone (5267,p95)
Tax: (5010, p257 as L,. bullata f. subsimplex) (5152, p602)
(5041 , pi 08 as Lu bullata f. subsimplex)
Laminaria ephemera Setchell - (5000,p!36) (5234,p40) (5267,p95)
Dist: Puget Sound to Monterey Peninsula (5000,p!37) (5267,p95)
Hab: On rocks in tide pools of lower littoral (5000, p!36)
Tax: (5130,p242)(5086,p87)(5134,p92)(5152,p603)
Str. &Repro: (5085,p242) (5086,p87) (5108,pl!4)
Laminaria platymeris De La Pylaie (5267,p95)
Dist: Bering Sea to northern Washington (5267,p96)
Hab: In subtidal zone (5267, p96)
Tax: (5041 , pi 09 as L,. bullata f. cuneata) (5152, p605)
Laminaria saccharina f. linearis J. Agardh - (5267 , p96)
Dist: Unga I. , Alaska to northern Washington (5267,p96)
Hab: On rocks in upper subtidal zone (5267,p96)
Tax: (5010,p26l) (5152,p596)
Laminaria. saccharina f. membranacea J. Agardh - (5267, p96)
Dist: Alaska to Oregon (5267,p96)
Hab: On rocks and wood in upper subtidal zone (5267, p96)
Tax: (5010,p26l)(5152,p596)(5041,p!09)
Laminaria saccharina f. saccharina (Linne) Lamouroux (5267,p97)
(5265,p30)(5234,p39)
Dist: Alaska to Oregon (5267, p97)
Coll: Ore: Old Jetty, Charleston dock, Coos Head, Sunset
Bay, South Bay, Coos Bay (5265, p30)
Tax: (5152,p595)
232
-------
ALGAE - PHAEOPHYTA
Laminaria setchellii Silva - (5267,p97) (5265,p30) (5234,p40)
Laminaria Andersonii Eaton (5000,p!37)
Dist: Washington to central Calif. (5000,pl37)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago ( 5265 , P30) ( 5267 , p98)
Hab: Abundant between the 0. 5 and -1. 5 foot tide levels on
all rock points of the Peninsula (5000, pi 37)
Tax: (5051, p7 1 5 , name only) (5172, p98) (5024,p220) (5029,p67)
(5132,pl45) (5152,p605); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 2
Str. &Repro: (5085,p242) (5086,p87) (5108,pl!4)
Laminaria Sinclair!! (Harvey) Farlow (5000,p!35) (5267,p98) (5234,p40)
(5265,p30)
Dist: British Columbia to central Calif. (5000, pi 36)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago ('5265,p30) (5267,p98)
(5265,P30)
Hab: Growing on rocks between mean low tide and -I. 0 foot
levels (5000,p!35)
Tax: (5123,p220.) (5128,p45) (5132, p!40) (5152,p598); Phyc.
Bor. -Amer. No. 7.
Str.&Repro: (5085,p242) (5086,p87) (5108,pl!4)
Leathesia difformis (Linnaeus) Areschoug - (5000,pl!4) (5267,p77)
(5234,p34)(5265,p27)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (5000, pi 15)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p27) (5267,p77)
Hab: Growing on rocks between 2. 5 and mean low tide level.
Frequently epiphytic on other algae. Abundant everywhere
locally (5000,pl!5)
Tax: (5152,p511); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 829
Str. &Repro: (5170,p249)
Leathesia nana Setchell and Gardner - ( 5000 , pi 1 5)' ( 5234 , p35)
Dist: Calif. (5000, pl!5)
Coll: Oregon (5234)
Hab: Epiphytic on upper portion of leaves of Phyllospadix (5000, pi 1 5]
Tax: (5150,p3) (5152,p511)
Str. &Repro: (5170,p249)
Lessoniopsis littorails (Farlow and Setchell) Reinke - (5267 , pi 07)
(5234,p43)(5265,p31)(5000,p!45)
Dist: Alaska to central Calif. (5000,pl45)
Coll: (5265, p31) (5267,pl07)
233
-------
ALGAE PHAEOPHYTA
Lessoniopsis littoralis (Farlow and Setchell) Reinke continued
Hab: Growing between the mean low tide and -1. 5 foot tide
levels on rocky ledges exposed to full force of the surf
(5000,p!45); Growing below or in association with
Postelsia (5265,p31)
Tax: (5152,P632)
Str. &Repro: (5071 as Lessonia) (5101 as Lessonia)
Macrocystis integrifolia Bory (5000, P143) (5267,pl06) (5265,p31)
(5234,p42)
Dist: British Columbia to central Calif. (5000,pl44)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265 , p31)( 5267 , pi 06)
Hab: Growing in tidal channels and on gently sloping rocky
ledges on rocks between 0. 5 and -0. 5 foot tide levels
(5000,pi 44)
See also Chapter 20
p. 266
Tax: (5152>P628)(5143,P447)(5157,p647)
Str. &Repro: ( 5074) (5097 ) (5143)
Poll. Studies: (5300 ,p!4, 18 , 29 , 55 , 90 , 114)
Macrocystis pyrifera (Linnaeus) C. A. Agardh - (5000, p!44) (5234, p42)
(5265,P31)
Dist: Alaska to Baja California (5000, p!44) (5265,p31)
Hab: Growing in extensive stands on rocks 20-25 feet below
surface of water. Upper ends of branches growing to
surface of water (5000, pi 14). Abundant in sublittoral
kelp beds (5265, p31)
Tax: (5024,P220) (5029,p67) (5152,p627) (5157,p647); Phyc.
Bor. -Amer. No. 39
Str. &Repro: (5074) (5097 )( 5143)
Poll. Studies: ( 5300 , pi4 , 1 8 , 29 , 55 , 90 , 114)
See also Chapter 20
p. 266
Myelophycus intestinale Saunders - (5267,p87)
Dist: Shumagin Is. , Alaska to northern Wash. (5267,p88)
Hab: On rocks in lower intertidal and upper subtidal zones
(5267,p88)
Tax: (5126,p420)(5010,p241)(5152,p527)
Myelophycus intestinalis f. Tenue Setchell and Gardner - (5265,p29)
Dist: (5150,p528) "Coos Bay, Oregon to central California."
Coll: Oregon (5265,p29)
Tax: (5028,p385)
234
-------
ALGAE PHAEOPHYTA
Myrionema compsonematoides Setchell and Gardner (5267,p75)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267,p75)
Hab: Epiphytic on Laminaria complanata
Tax: (5145,p343)(5152,p467)
Myrionema foecundum f. ramulosum Setchell and Gardner - (5267 , p75)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267,p75)
Hab: Epiphytic on pneumatocyst of Nereocystis (5267;p75)
Tax: (5145,p337)(5152,p462)
Myrionema foecundum f. simplicissimum Setchell and Gardner - (5267 , p7 5)
Dist: Kodiak I. , Alaska to central Calif. (5267, p75)
Hab: Epiphytic on sporophylls of Nereocystis and other brown
algae (5267,p75)
Tax: (5010,p249 as M. strangulans) (5145,p336) (5152,p46l)
Myrionema globosum f. affine Setchell and Gardner - (5267 , p75)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to Point Carmel, Calif. (5267,p75)
Hab: Epiphytic on Zoster a (5267,p75)
Tax: (5145, p342) (5152, p47 1)
Myrionema primarium Setchell and Gardner - (5000, p!05) (5267,p76)
(5234,p34)(5265,p28)
Dist: Alaska to central Calif. ( 5000, pi 05) (5267 , p76)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay (type loc. ), Cape Arago (5000, pi 05)
(5267,p76)(5265,p28)
Hab: Epiphytic upon various algae but most frequently encountered
on Laminariales. Found on old thalli of Laminariales
practically everywhere on the Monterey Peninsula
(5000,p!05)
Tax: (5145,p334)(5152,p456)
Myrionema strangulans Greville (5000,p!06) (5267,p76)
Dist: Alaska to central Calif. ( 5000 , pi 07 ) ( 5267 , p76)
Hab: Abundant on Ulva lobata at P-ebble Beach during summer
months. Also found on JJ. taeniata at the Middle Reef
of Moss Beach (5000, pi 07)
Tax: (5152,p471)
235
-------
ALGAE - PHAEOPHYTA
Nerepcystis Luetkeana (Mertens) Postels and Ruprecht - (5234, p42)
(5000,p!41) (5267,pi 04) (5265,p31)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (5000,p!41)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265 , p31) (5267 , pi 05)
Hab: Growing in extensive beds on rocks 30-50 feet below surface
of water. Upper end of stipe growing to and floating
horizontally on surface of water (5000, pi41), Mature
dwarf plants are often found in larger tide pools (5265, p31)
Tax: (5050,p354)(5051,p707)(5024,p220)(5029,p67)(5129,pl?9)
(5135,p!26) (5152,p624); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 10
Str.&Repro: (5173) (5100) (5128, p!83)
Pelvetia fastigiata (J. G. Agardh) De Toni - (5000, pi 54) (5267, pi 21)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Mexico (5267, pi 21)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay (5000, pi 54)
Hab: Growing on rocks between 4. 5 and 2. 0 foot tide levels
(5000,pi 54)
Tax: (5174,p!26) (5152,p701) (5298,plOO); Phyc. Bor. -Amer.
No. 68
Str. &Repro: (5174,p!30) (5170,p268)
Pelvetiopsis limitata (Setchell) Gardner - (5000, p!55) (5267,p!22) (5234,p45)
Dist: British Columbia to central Calif. (5000, pi 55)
Hab: Growing on rocks between 6. 0 and 3. 5 foot tide levels.
Usually on tops of rocks but at times on sides (5000, p!55)
Tax: (5174,pi 27) (5175,p321) (5152,p703)
Str. &Repro: (5174,plQ3) (5082 as Pelvetia)
Petalonia debilis f. debilis (C. Agardh) Deibes and Solier - (5267, p89)
lie a Fascia (Muller) Fries - (5000,p!26) (5265,p29)
Dist: Alaska to central Calif. (5000,p!26)
Hab: Growing on rocks; usually found between 4. 0 level and 1. 5
foot tide levels but occasionally at lower levels
(5000, pi 26). Narrow forms are relatively common
in upper littoral belt (5265.p29)
Tax: (5152,P535)
Str. feRepro: (5168) all as Phyllitis
Phaeostrophion irregulare Setchell and Gardner - (5265,p28) (5234,p39)
Dist: Oregon to Calif. ( 51 52 , p586) (5265 , p28)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p28)
Tax: (5150,plO) (5152,p586)
236
-------
ALGAE - PHAEOPHYTA
Pleurophycus Gardner! Setchell and Saunders - (5265,p30) (5267,p99) -
(5234,p41)
Dist: Yakutat B. , Alaska, to Oregon (5267,p99)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago, North Bay, South Bay (5265 ,p30)
Hab: Growing in association with Macrocystis integrifolia at
depths below minus four feet.
Tax: (5126,p427)(5152,p607)
Postelsia palmaeformis Ruprecht - (5 000, pi 42) (5 267, pi 05) (5265,p31 )
(5234,p42)
Dist: British Columbia to central Calif. (5000,p!42)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265 , p31)( 5267 , pi 05)
Hab: Growing between the 4. 0 and 1. 0 foot tide levels on rocks-
and cliffs exposed to full force of surf (5000, p!42) (5265, p31)
Tax: (5024,p220) (5029,p67) (5152,p625); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 38
Str. &Repro: (5108, pl!2)
Pterygophora californica Ruprecht (5000, p!48) (5267,p!07) (5234,p43)
(5265,p31)
Dist: British Columbia to northern Baja California (5000,p!48)
(5265,p31)(5267,p!08)
Hab: Growing in extensive beds at a depth of 20-60 feet.
Isolated individuals at 1.5 foot tide level. Regularly
cast ashore in considerable numbers throughout year
(5000,pi 48)
Tax: (5172,p88) (5024 , p220)(51 71 , p370) (5010,p271) (5152,p634);
Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 58
Str. &Repro: (5056) (5099) (5102) (5134,p95)
Punctaria expansa Setchell and Gardner - (5267 , p86)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to northern Wash. (5267, p86)
Hab: On rocks or epiphytic on other algae in sheltered bays in
lower intertidal zone. Frequently floating (5267,p86)
Tax: (5010,p240 in part as P. latifolia) (5150,p5) (5152,p521)
Punctaria hesperia Setchell and Gardner - (5 000, pi 24) (5267,p86)
Dist: From Victoria, British Columbia to Monterey Peninsula
and San Pedro (5000,p!25) (5267,p86)
Hab: Epiphytic on leaves of Phyllospadix (5000,pi 25)
Tax: (5150,p3)(5152,p517)
237
-------
ALGAE - PHAEOPHYTA
Punctaria orbiculata Jao (5267,p86)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267, p86)
Hab: Epiphytic on Zostera (5267,p86)
Tax: (5259, pi 09)
Pylaiella littoralis (Linnaeus) Kjellman - (5000,p93) (5234,p32) (5267,p66)
Dist: Bering Sea to southern Calif. (5267, p66) (5000, p93)
Tax: (5152,p402); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. Nos. 171, 414
Str. feRepro: (5091)
Pylaiella tenella Setchell and Gardner - (5000,p94) (5267,p67)
Dist: Northern Washington to Monterey, Calif. (5267,p67)
Coll: Wash: Neah Bay (type loc. ) (5000,p94)
Hab: On blades of Zostera cast ashore (5000, p94). Epiphytic
on Pleurophycus and Zostera (5267 , p67)
Tax: (5148,p385)(5152,p406)
Str. &Repro: (5091)
Pylaiella unilateralis Setchell and Gardner - (5265,p26) (5234,p32)
Dist: Coos Bay, Oregon ( 51 52, p405)
Tax: (5148,p386)(5152,p404)
Pylaiella washingtoniensis Jao (5267,p67)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267,p67)
Hab: On concrete in upper intertidal zone (5267,p67)
Tax: (5259,p!08)
.Ralfsia fungiformis (Gunnerus) Setchell and Gardner - (5267,p73)
(5265,p27)(5234,p33)
Dist: Bering Sea to Oregon (5267, p73)
Coll: Coos Bay, Cape Arago, Oregon ( 5265 , p27)
Hab: Only sterile plants have been obtained during the collecting
periods in June and July (5265,p27)
Str. &Repro: (5150, pi 1) (5152, p499)
Ralfsia pacifica Hollenberg (mss) - (5000, p95)' (5234,p33) (5267,p73)
Dist: Unalaska Bay, Alaska to Baja California (5000, p96) (5267, p73)
Hab: Growing on rocks in upper littoral zone (5000,p96)
Tax: (5024,p200) (5152,p497) (5265,p27 as Ralfsia verrucosa)
Str. &Repro: (5079)
238
-------
ALGAE - PHAEOPHYTA
Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt - (5267,p!23)
Dist: Nanaimo, British Columbia to Coos Bay, Ore. (52677pl23)
Hab: Lower intertidal and upper subtidal (5267, p!2 3)
Saundersella simplex (Saunders) Kylin - (5267,p79)
Dist: Cook Inlet, Alaska to southern British Columbia (5267,p80)
Hab: Epiphytic on Heterochordaria abietina
Tax: (5126,p423 as Mesogloia jimplex) (5101,p250 as Mesogloia
simplex) (5150,p!2 as Gobi a simplex) (5152,p576 as
Gobia simplex) (5041,p!08 as Mesogloia simplex)
Scytosiphon attenuates (Foslie) Doty - (5234,p38)
Coll: Oregon
Scytosiphon bullosus Sanuders (5000,p!30) (5234,p37) (5267,p88)
Dist: Alaska to Baja California (5000,p!31) (5267,p88)
Hab: Growing on rocks between 2.0 ahd 1.0 foot tide levels
(5000,p!31)
Tax: (5123,p!63)
Scytosiphon Lomentaria f. lomentaria (Lyngbye) J. G. Agardh (5000,p!29)
(5267,P88)(5265,p29)(5234,P37)
Dist: Alaska to southern California (5000, p!29)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265, p29 ) (5267, p89 )
Hab: Growing on rocks between 2.5 and -1.5 foot tide levels
(5000,p!29)
Tax: (5024,p219) (5123,p!63) (5152,p531); Phyc.Bor.-Amer. No. 323
Scytosiphon Lomentaria var. complanatus Rosenvinge (5000, pi 30) (5234, p37 )
Dist: Southern Oregon to central Calif. (5000,p!30)
Coll: Ore: Cape Arago (5000, pi 30)
Hab: Growing in dense stands on rocks between 5.0 and 2.5 foot
tide levels (5000,p!30)
Soranthera ulvoidea f. differ mis Setchell and Gardner - (5267 , p86)
Dist: Bering Sea to northern Washington (5267,p87)
Hab: Epiphytic on species of Rhodomela and. Odonthalia (5267,p87)
Tax: (5010,p244)(5152,p526)
Soranthera ulvoidea f. ulvoidea Postels and Ruprecht - (5000, p 127) (5267,p87)
(5234,p36)
Dist: Alaska to central Calif. (5000,p!27)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265, p28)
Hab: Epiphytic on Rhodomela larix. Appearing in April and
disappearing in September (5000, p!27). Epiphytic on
Odonthalia (5265,p28) (5234,p36)
Tax: (5123, pl65) (5152, p525); Phyc. Bor.-Amer .No. 417
Str. &Repro: (5034) (5035) (5170,p256)
239
-------
ALGAE - PHAEOPHYTA
Sphacelaria racemosa Greville - (5234,p33) (5267,p73)
Dist: Bering Sea to Oregon (5267, p74)
Hab: On rocks, shells and epiphytic on other algae (5267,p73)
Tax: (5152,p393)(5010,p239 as S. racemosa var. arctica)
Sphacelaria subfusca Setchell and Gardner - (5267, p74)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to Redondo, Calif. (5267,p74)
Hab: Epiphytic on various other algae (5267,p74)
Tax: (5150,pi) (5152,p395)
Stictyosiphon tortilis (Ruprecht) Reinke - (5000,p!33) (5267,p85)
Dist: From Alaska to Monterey Peninsula, Calif. (5000, p!33)
(5267,p85)
Hab: Attached to fragments of rocks dredged from a depth of
30-35 feet(5000,p!33)
Tax: (5152,p529); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 987
Streblonema aecidioides f. pacificum Setchell and Gardner -(5267,p72)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to northern Wash. (5267, p72)
Hab: Endophytic within Hedophyllum sessile (5267,p72)
Tax: (5148,p395)(5152,p450)
Streblonema desmarestiae Gardner - (5267,p72)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267, p72)
Hab: Endophytic within Desmarestia munda (5267 , p72)
Tax; (5290,p267)
Streblonema pacificum Saunders - (5267,p72)
Dist: Yukatat B. , Alaska to central Calif. , (5267, p72)
Hab: Partially endophytic in larger brown algae (5267,p72)
Tax: (5126,p417)
Streblonema rugosum Setchell and Gardner (5267,p72)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267,p72)
Hab: Partially endophytic in Alaria tenuifolia f. tenuifolia (5267,p72)
Tax: (5148,p390)(5152,p449)
Syringoderma abyssicola (Setchell and Gardner) Levring - (5267, p74)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267,p74)
Hab: On shells and stones in subtidal zone at a depth of 5 to 1 5
fathoms (5267,p74)
Tax: (5150,pll as Chlanidophora abyssicola) (5152.p658 as
Chlanidophora abyssicola
240
-------
ALGAE - PHAEOPHYTA
Thalassiophyllum clathrus (Gmelin) Postels and Ruprecht - (5267, plOl)
Dist: Bering Sea to northern Washington (5267, plOl)
Hab: On rocks in upper subtidal zone (5267, plOl)
Tax: (5296,P213) (5010,p266) (5152,p6l3)
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Acrochaetium amphiroae (Drew) Papenfuss - (5284, pl62)
Dist: Oregon coast (5284, pl62)
Hab: On host Calliarthron regenerans (5284, pl62)
Tax: (5285,p312)
Acrochaetium Desmarestiae Kylin - (5284, pl62) (5267, p!33)
Dist: Northern Washington to Oregon (5267, p!33) (5284, pl62)
Hab: On Desmarestia munda (5284, pl62)
Tax: (5094, plO)
Acrochaetium erythrophyllum Jao - (5267, p!33)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267,p!33)
Hab: Endophytic in Erythrophyllum (5267, p!33)
Tax: (5259,pH2)
Acrochaetium. Macounii (Collins) - (5000,pl81) (5267,p!34)
Chantransia Macounii - (5041,pl!3)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Carmel Bay, Calif. (5267, p!34)
(5000,p!81)
Hab: Epiphytic on Haplogloia andersonii
Str. feRepro: (5176, p80 as Chantransia)
Acrochaetium pacificum Kylin - (5284,pl62) (5267, p!34)
Dist: Northern British Columbia to Mexico (5267, p!34) (5284, pl62)
Hab: On Polysiphonia growing on Nereocystis (5284, pl62).
Epiphytic on red algae, Agarum fimbriatum and
worm tubes (5267;pl34)
Tax: (5094,pll) (5285,p310)
Acrochaetium plumosum (Drew) - (5000, p!80)
Rhodochorton plumosum - (5179,p!73)
Dist: Central California (5000, p!80)
Str. feRepro: (5176,p80 as Chantransia)
241
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Acrochaetium rhizoideum (Drew) - (5267) (5000, p!80)
Rhodochorton rhizoideum (5179:pl82)
Dist: Northern British Columbia to Mexico (5267, pi 34)
Hab: Epiphytic on Codium and Cystoseira (5267,p!35) (5000, p!80)
Tax: (5259,p!02)(5285,p310)
Str. &Repro: (5176,p80as Chantransia.)
Acrochaetium variabile (Drew) - (5000, pl?9) (5287,p!35) (5284, pi 62)
Rhodochorton variabile - (5179,p!74)
Dist: Washington to southern Calif. (5000, pi 79) (5284, pi 62)
(5267,p!36)
Coll: Ore: (5284, pi 62) ( 5287 , pi 36)
Hab: On Laminaria Andersonii, on Cumagloia Andersonii, on
Pterygophora californica (5000,pl79)
Tax: (5285,p311)
Str. &Repro: (5176,p80as Chantransia)
Aiodes Gardneri Kylin - (5000, p242) (5265, p36) (5284,p!72) (5267, pi 63)
Dist: Puget Sound to southern Calif. (5000, p242)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265 , p36) (5284, p!72) (5267 , pi 64)
Hab: On rocks at the -1. 0 foot tide level
Tax: (5094,p!7)
Str. &Repro: (5094,p!7)
Agardhiella Coulteri (Harvey) Setchell - (5000,p260) (5267,p!76)
Dist: British Columbia to southern Calif. (5000, p260) (5267, p!76)
Hab: Growing on rocks between the 1. 0 and -1. 5 foot tide
levels. Frequently found in tide pools and also dredged
from a depth of 20 feet (5000, p260)
Tax: Setchell in Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 333; ( 5178 , pi 8)
Str. &Repro: (5114 as Rhabdonia.) (51 70, p336)
Ahnfeltia concinna J. Agardh - (5284,p!79) (5267,p!82) (5265,p39)
Ahnfeltia gigartinoides J. G. Agardh - (5000,p272)
Dist: British Columbia to southern Calif. (5000,p272)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p39) (5284, pl?9)
(5267,p!82)
Hab: Growing on rocks between the 1. 0 and -0. 5 foot tide levels.
Also dredged from a depth of 12-15 feet (5000, p272)
Tax: (5024,p223)
Str. &Repro: (5069 , p539) ( 5176)
242
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Ahnfeltia plicate. (Hudson) Fries - (5000, p271) (5267,p!83) (5265,p39)
(5284,p!79)
Dist: Bering Sea to Mexico (5267, pi 83)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265rp39) (5284, p!79)
Hab: Growing between mean low tide and -1. 5 foot tide levels;
usually growing half-buried in sand but at times on rocks
free from sand (5000,p271)
Tax: (5029,p68) (5112,p81) (5178,p26); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 743
Str.&Repro: ( 5069 ; p539) (5176)
Amplisiphonia pacifica Hollenberg - (5000,p372) (5267,p239) (5284,p!99)
Dist: Oregon (5284, p!99) to southern Calif. (5000,p372) (5267,p239
(5284,p!99)
Hab: Growing on rocks and on crustose corallines between the
1. 0 and -1. 0 foot tide levels (5000, p372)
Tax: (5077,p382)
Str.&Repro: (5077)
Antithamnion Baylesiae' Gardner - (5000,p313) (5284,p!91)
Dist: Oregon (5284,pl91) to central Calif. (5000,p314)
Coll: Ore: coast (5284, p!91 )
Tax: (5065,p375)
Str.&Repro: (5037) (5094,p45) (5117,p356) (5161)
Antithamnion defectum Kylin - (5000,p308) (5265, p41) (5284, pi 89)
(5267,p200)
Dist: Northern British Columbia to Monterey, Calif. (5267,p200)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265 , p41) (5284, pi 89)
Hab: On stipe of Nereocystis Luetkeana. Dredged from a depth
of 30-35 feet (5000,p308)
Tax: (5094,p46)
Str. &Repro: (5037) (5094,p45) (5117,p356) (5 161)
Antithamnion densiusculum Gardner - (5000,p313) (5267,p201)
Dist: From Vancouver Island, British Columbia to Pacific
Grove, Calif. (5000, p31 3) (5267 , p201)
Hab: Epiphytic on Calliarthron (5000, p31 3)
Tax: (5065,p374)
Str.&Repro: (5037) (5094,p45) (5117) (5161)
Antithamnion floccosum (Muller) Kleen (5267, p201)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to northern Washington (5267,p201]
Tax: (5094,p47)
243
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Antithamnion glanduliferum Kylin - (5000, p310) (5267, p201) (5265, p41)
(5284,pl89)
Dist: Puget Sound to central Calif. (5267, p201) (5000, p310)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265, p41); coast (5284, p!89)
Hab: Growing on rocks or on other algae between mean low
tide level and -1. 5 foot tide level. Frequently found
on stipes (10-20 feet below pneumatocyst) of Nereocystis
Luetkeana. Also dredged from a depth of 30-35 feet
Tax: (5094, p47)
Str.&Repro: (5037) (5094, p45) (5117, p356) (5161)
Antithamnion Kylinii Gardner - (5000, p307) (5284, p!90) (5267, p202)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Mexico (5267, p202)
Coll: B. C. : Victoria (type loc. ) (5000, p308); Ore: coast
(5284,p!90)
Hab: On piling, and about ten feet below surface of water
(5000,p308)
Tax: (5066, p411)
Str.&Repro: (5037) (5094, p45) (5117,p356) (5161)
Antithamnion nigricans Gardner - (5267, p202)
Dist: Southern British Columbia (5267, p202)
Hab: Epiphytic on stipe of Lessoniopsis littoralis (5267, p202)
Tax: (5066, p409)
Antithamnion occidentale Kylin - (5000, p312) (5284, p!90) (5267, p202)
Dist: Alaska to La Jolla, Calif. (5267, p203)
Coll: Oregon coast (5284, p!90)
Hab: Growing at mean low tide level on rocks partly buried
in sand. On stipe of Nereocystis Luetkeana (5000, p3 12)
(5267,p203)
Tax: (5094, p47)
Str.&Repro: (5037) (5094, p45) (5117,p356) (5161)
Antithamnion pacificum (Harvey) Kylin - (5000, p310) (5267, p203) (5284,
p!90)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (5000, p311)
Coll: Ore: (5284, p!90) (5267, p203)
Hab: On stipes and pneumatocysts of Nereocystis Luetkeana.
Usually found only from late autumn to late spring
(5000,p311)
Tax: (5094, p47)
Str.&Repro: (5037) (5094,p45) (5117, p356) (5161)
244
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Antithamnion pygmaeum Gardner (5000 , p309 )( 5284, p!90)
Dist: Oregon to southern Calif. (5284, p!90) (5000,p309)
Hab: Growing at mean low tide level. On sponge and forming
low creeping patches on rocks (5000,p309)
Tax: (5066,p413)
Str. &Repro: (5037) (5094,p45) (5117,p356) (5161)
Antithamnion subulatum (Harvey) J. G. Agardh - ( 5000 , p31 2) ( 5284 , p!90)
(5267,P204)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Monterey, Calif. (5267,p204)
Coll: Oregon coast (5284,pl90)
Hab: Growing at mean low tide level on piles (5000,p313)
Tax: (5094,p50)
Str. &Repro: (5037) (5094,p45) (5117, p356) (5161)
Antithamnion cf. tenuissimum Gardner (5265,p41) (5284,pl90)
Dist: Coos Bay, CapeArago, Oregon ( 5265 , p41)( 5284, pi 90)
Tax: (5065,p377)
Antithamnion uncinatum Gardner - (5000,p311) (5265,p40) (5267,p204)
(5284,P190)
Dist: Puget Sound to central Calif. (5267,p204) (5000,p311)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p40) (5284, p!90)
Hab: On stipe and pneumatocyst of Nereocystis L/uetkeana and
on Macrocystis pyrifera (5000,p311) (5265,p40)
Tax: (5067,p408)
Str. &Repro: (5037) (5094,p45) (5117, p356) (5161)
Audouinella membranacea (Magnus) Papenfuss (5267,p!38)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267,p!38)
Hab: On worm tubes and hydroids to 5-10 fathoms (5267,p!38)
Tax: (5094,p45 as Rhodochorton membranaceum) (5179, p!86)
(5285,p326)
Bangia fuscopurpurea (Dillwyn) Lyngbye - (5267, pi 26)
Dist: Northern British Columbia to Costa Rica (5267, pi 26)
Hab: Upper intertidal (5267 , pi 27 )
Tax: ( 501 0 , p288 as B_. atropurpurea f. fuscopurpurea) (5041 , pi 11)
(5094,P6)
Bangia tenuis Gardner (5267,p!27)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267, pi 27)
Hab: Floating in salt water pond (5267, pi 27)
Tax: (5063,p236)
245
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Bangia vermicularis Harvey - (5000, pl67) (5265, p33) (5284, p!59)
Dist: Oregon to central Calif. (5284, p!59) (5000, pl68)
Hab: Growing between the 5. 0 and 2. 0 foot tide levels and
forming an extensive coating on rocks (5000, pi 68)
Tax: (5024, p221) (5178, p4); Phyc.Bor.-Amer. No. 582
Bonnemaisonia nootkana (Esper) Silva - (5267, p!40)
Bonnemaisonia californica Buffham - (5000, pi 92)
Dist: British Columbia to southern Calif. (5000, p!92) (5267, p!41)
Tax: (5181,p!81) (5064,p335)
Str. &Repro: (5180,p39)
Bossea frondifera Manza - (5284,pl68)
Dist: Oregon coast (5284, pl68)
Tax: (5104, p562)
Str. fcRepro: (5105, p306)
Bossea Gardneri Manza - (5000, p235) (5284, pl69)
Dist: Oregon to Calif. (5284, pl69) (5000, p235)
Hab: Growing on rocks between mean low tide and -1.5 foot
tide levels (5000, p235)
Tax: (5104, P536) (5105, p306)
Str.&Repro: (5105,p302)
Bossea Qrbigniana (Descaisne) Manza - (5000, p235) (5284, pl68)
Dist: Cape Arago, Oregon to southern Calif. (5000, p236)
Coll: Oregon coast (5284, pl68)
Hab: From depth of 20-35 feet (5000, p236)
Tax: (5104, p563) (5105, p304)
Str. &Repro: (5105, p302)
Bossiella californica (Descaisne) Silva - (5267, p!53) (5284, pl69)
Bossea californica (Descaisne) Manza - (5000, p233)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Monterey, Calif. (5267, p!54)
Coll: Ore: (5284, pl69)
Hab: Growing on rocks between mean low tide and -1. 5 foot
tide levels (5000, p233)
Tax: (5104,p56l) (5105,p305)
Str. &Repro: (5105, p302)
246
-------
ALGAE RHODOPHYTA
Bossiella corymbifera (Manza) Silva - (5267, pi 54)
Bossea corymbifera Manza - (5000,p234) (5284, pl69)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Pt. Lobos, Calif. (5267, pi 54)
Coll: Ore: (5284, pi 69)
Hab: Growing on rocks between mean low tide and -1.5 foot
tide levels (5000,p234)
Tax: (5104,p562)(5105,p305)
Str. &Repro: (5105,p302)
Bossiella dichotoma (Manza) Silva - (5267, pi 54)
Bossea dichotoma Manza (5000,p234)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Mexico (5267, pi 54)
Hab: Growing on rocks between mean low tide and -1.5 foot
tide levels (5000,p235)
Tax: (5104,p562) (5105,p307)
Str. &Repro: (5105,p302)
Bossiella plumosa (Manza) Silva - (5267, pi 55)
Bossea plumosa Manz'a - (5000,p233) (5284,pl68)
Dist: Northern British Columbia to Santa Barbara County,
Calif. (5267,pi 55)
Coll: Oregon coast (5284,pl68)
Hab: Growing between 0. 5 and -1. 5 foot tide levels and either
on rocks or on shells of animals (5000, p234)
Tax: (5103,p46)(5105,p303)
Str. &Repro: (5105,p302)
Botryocladia pseudodichotoma (Farlow) Kylin - (5000,p297) (5267, p!94)
Dist: British Columbia to southern Calif. (5000,p297) (5267, p!94)
Hab: Epiphytic on holdfasts of Macrocystis pyrifera. Most of
plants have been collected after winter gales (5000, p297)
Botryoglossum Farlowianum (J. G. Agardh) DeToni - (5000,p354)
(5267,p266)(5284,p!96)(5265,p44)
Dist: Northern Washington to Mexico (5267,p277)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265 , p44) (5284, p!96)
Hab: Growing in dense stands between mean low tide and -1.5
foot tide levels on rocks wherever there is considerable
surf. Dredged from depths of 15-35 feet (5000, p354).
Epiphytic on Cystoseira (5265,p44)
Tax: (5178,p34)
247
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Branchioglossum Woodii (J. G. Agardh) Kylin -( 5000 , p335) (5267 , p217)
Dist: Vancouver I. , British Columbia to Mexico (5267, p218)
Tax: (5010,p323)(5041,pll9)
Calliarthron pinnulatum Manza - (5267,p!57)
Dist: Northern Washington to Moss Beach, Calif. (5267, pi 57)
Tax: (5104,p565)
Calliarthron regenerans Manza - (5284, pi 69) (5267,p!58)
Dist: British Columbia to Baja, Calif. ( 5267 , pi 58) (5284,p 1 69)
Tax: (5104,P565)(5105,P269)(5289,p48)
Str. &Repro: (5105,p269)
Calliarthron schmitti Manza - (5267,p!58)
Dist: Northern Washington to San Diego, Calif. (5267,p!58)
Tax: (5104,p566)(5105,p269)(5289,p48)
Callithamnion acutum Kylin - (5267, p206)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267,p206)
Tax: (5094,p55)
Callithamnion biseriatum Kylin - (5000,p319) (5267,p206)
Dist: Friday Harbor (type loc. ), Washington to Monterey,
Calif. (5000,p320) (5267,p206)
Hab: Epiphytic on Schizymenia epiphytica (5000, p320)
Tax: (5094,p54)
Str. &Repro: (5160)
Callithamnion bisporum Gardner (5267,p207)
Dist: Northern Washington
Tax: (5066,p403)
Callithamnion laxum Setchell and Gardner (5066,p407) (5267,p207)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to northern Washington (5267,p207)
Tax: (5010,p339)(5066,p407)
Callithamnion Pikeanum var. laxum. (Setchell and Gardner) Doty (5284,p!91)
Dist: (5284,p!91) Oregon coast
Callithamnion Pikeanum var. pacificum (Harvey) Setchell and Gardner -
(5284,p!91)(5267,p207)
Dist: Shumagin Is. , Alaska to Oregon (5267,p208) (5284, p!91)
Tax: (5066,p406) (5041,pi 24) (5010,p339)
248
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Callithamnion Pikeanum Harvey var. pikeanum - (5267 ,p208) (5000,p318)
(5265(P41)(5284,pl91)
Dist: Southeastern Alaska to central Calif. (5000,p318)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago ( 5265 , p41)( 5284 , p!9 1)
(5267,P208)
Hab: Growing on vertical face of rocks bet-ween 3. 5 and 1. 0
foot tide levels. Common everywhere (5000, p318)
Tax: (5066,p405)(5178,p28)
Str. &Repro: (5160)
Callocolax fungiformis Kylin - (5267,p!72)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267, p!72)
Hab: Epiphytic on Callophyllis edentata (5267, pl72)
Tax: (5094,p35)
Callocolax globulosis Dawson - (5267,p!72)
Callocolax neglectus Schmitz - (5000, p253)
Dist: Northern Washington to Pt. Loma, southern Calif. (5267, p!72)
Hab: On Callophyllis marginifructa. Dredged from a depth of
30-35 feet (5000,p253)
Tax: (5267,p!72)
Callophyllis crenulata Setchell (5000,p250 (5284,p!75) (5267,pl68)
Dist: Northern British Columbia to Calif. (5267, pi 68) (5000, p251)
Coll: Ore: Oregon coast ( 5284, p!75)
Tax: (5142,p400)
Callophyllis edentata Kylin ( 5284, p!7 5) (5267 , pi 68)
Dist: Hope I. , British Columbia to Oregon (5267,pl69)
Coll: Oregon coast (5284,p!75)
Tax: (5094,p34)(5010,p306)(5041,pll6)(5034,p34)
Callophyllis fir ma (Kylin) Norris - (5267,pi 69)
Pugetia firma Kylin - (5000, p254)
Pugetia fragilissima Kylin - ( 5094, p30-)
Dist: Northern British Columbia to Monterey, Calif. (5267, pi 69)
Coll: Oregon (5284,p!76)
Hab: Growing between the mean low tide and -1.5 foot tide
levels on vertical face of sheltered rocks. Abundant
in favorable habitats. Also dredged from a depth of
60-75 feet (5000,p254)
Tax: (5178,pl5)
Str. &Repro: (5094, p30)
249
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Callophyllis heanophylla Setchell - (5265, P3 6) (5284, p!75) (5267,p!70)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Oregon (5267, p!71)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265 , p36) (5284, p!75)
Tax: (5141,p401)(5094,p34)
Callophyllis marginifructa Setchell and Swezy - (5000, p250)
Callophyllis flabellulata Harvey - (5072,p!71) (5267, p!70) (5265,p37)
Dist: Northern British Columbia to Oregon (5267,p!70)
Coll: Oregon (5284, p!74)
Hab: Growing on rocks between mean low tide and -1. 0 foot
tide levels. Also dredged from a depth of 15-35 feet
(5000,p250)
Tax: (5142,p398)(5178,pl6)(5010,p306)
Callophyllis megalocarpa Setchell and Swezy - (5000, p251) (5284, p!74)
(5267,p!71)(5265,p36)
Dist: Washington to southern Calif. ( 5000, p251) (5267 , pi71)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265, p36)
Hab: Growing either in sheltered or exposed localities and on
rocks between mean low tide and -1. 5 foot tide levels.
Only isolated individuals at any station. Also dredged
from a depth of 15-20 feet (5000,p251)
Tax: (5142,p401) (5178,p!6)
Callophyllis obusifolia J. G. Agardh - (5000, p252) (5265 , p37)
Dist: Oregon to southern Calif. (5000,p252) (5265,p37)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265, p37)
Hab: Isolated individuals found on rocks between mean low tide
and -1. 0 foot tide levels (5000, p252)
Tax: (5178,p!6)
Callophyllis oregona Doty - (5284, p!75)
Dist: Oregon coast (5284,p!75)
Callophyllis pinnata Setchell and Swezy - (5000,p251) (5284,p!75)
Dist: Oregon coast to central Calif. (5000,p252) (5284,p!75)
Tax: (5142,p400)
Callophyllis thompsonii Setchell - (5267,p!72)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267, pi 72)
Tax: (5094, p34)
250
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Callophyllis violacea J. Agardh (5284,p!75)
Dist: Oregon coast (5284, p!75)
Hab: Growing with and below Lessoniopsis ( 5284, pi 75)
Tax: (5178,pl6)
Ceramium californicum J. Agardh - (5284,p!87) (5267, p210) (5265,p42)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Mexico (5267, p210) (5284, pi 87)
Hab: Epiphytic on Agardhiella and Gracilariopsis
Tax: (5010,p346) (5041, p!26) (5178,p29)
Ceramium codicola J. G. Agardh -( 5000 , p326) ( 5265 , p42) (5267 , p211 )
(5284,p!87)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (5000,p327) (5267,p211)
Coll: Oregon coast (5284, pi 87)
Hab: Found on Codium fragile. Abundant locally wherever
host is present (5000,p327) (5265,p42) (5284,pi 87)
(5267,p211)
Tax: (5131 ,p2) (5178,p29); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 248
Str.&Repro: (5117,p36l) (5176,p371)
Ceramium Eatonianum (Farlow) DeToni - (5000,p327) (5265,p42) (5284,pl87;
Dist: Southern Oregon to southern Calif. (5000,p327)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p42) (5284,p!87)
Hab: Growing between 2. 5 and -1. 0 foot tide levels. Usually
on rocks but occasionally on other algae. Also dredged
from a depth of 20-25 feet (5000,p327)
Str.&Repro: (5117,p36l) (5176,p371)
Ceramium Gardneri Kylin - (5000, p325) (5265,p42) (5284, p!88)
Dist: Southern Oregon to central Calif. (5000, p326)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265 , p42) ( 5284, pi 88)
Hab: Growing on rocks between mean low tide and 1. 0 foot tide
level. Usually on rocks exposed to heavy surf but at
times in sheltered tide pools (5000,p326)
Tax: (5178,p29) (5265,p42 as _C. californicum)
Str.&Repro: (5117,p36l) (5176,p371)
Ceramium pacificum (Collins) Kylin - (5000, p326) (5267,p211) (5265,p42)
(5284,p!87)
Dist: British Columbia to southern Calif. (5000,p326) (5267,p212)
Coll: Ore: (5284,p!87); Coos Bay, Cape Arago ( 5265 , p42)
Hab: Growing on sheltered rocks between 0. 5 and -1. 0 foot
tide levels (5000, p326)
Tax: (5094,p6l)(5178,p29)
Str.&Repro: (5117,p36l) (5176,p371)
251
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Ceramium rubrum (Hudson) C. Agardh (5267, p212)
Dist: Bering Sea to northern Washington (5267, p21 2)
Tax: (5010,P345) (5041,p!25)
Ceramium strictum Harvey - (5267, p212)
Dist: Southern British Columbia (5267,p212)
Tax: (5041,p!26) (5298,plOO)
Ceramium washingtoniense Kylin - (5267, p213) (5265,P42) (5284,p!87)
Dist: Northern Washington to Oregon (5267,p213)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265 , p42) ( 5284, pi 87)
Hab: In higher tide pools (5265,p42)
Tax: (5094,p62)
Choreocolax Polysiphoniae Reins ch - (5000, p255) (5267,p!73)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to Monterey, Calif. (5000 , p255) (5267 , pi 73)
Hab: On Polysiphoniae sp. at rocky point (5000, p255)
Tax: (5198,p585) (5016,p278); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 286
Str. &Repro: (5120) (5198)
Conchocells rosea Batters - (5267,pl38)
Dist: Northern Washington (5 267, pi 38)
Hab: Perforating empty shells to 5-10 fathoms (5267, pi 39)
Tax: (5259,pill)
Constantinea simplex Setchell - (5000,p207) (5265,p35) (5284,pl65)
(5267,p!46)
Dist: Northern Washington to central Calif. (5000, p208) (5265, p35)
Coll: Ore: (5284, pl65) (5267,p!46)
Hab: Growing on rocks at mean low tide level (5000,p208)
Tax: (5130,p!27)(5133,p!71)
Str.&Repro: (5185) (5133)
Constantinea subulifera Setchell - (5267,p!46)
Dist: Northern British Columbia to northern Washington (5267, p!46)
Hab: Lower intertidal and upper subtidal
Tax: (5133,pl72)
Corallina densa (Collins) Doty (5284,pl67)
Corallina gracilis forma deriaa Collins -(5000,p230)
Dist: Oregon and Calif. ( 5000, p230) (5284, pi 67)
Hab: Growing between 0. 5 and -1. 5 foot tide levels on rocks
exposed to strong surf. Common on all rocky headlands
(5000,p230)
Tax: (5040,pl!2); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 650
Str.&Repro: (5105,p273)
252
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Corallina officinalis var. chilensis (Harney) Kiitzing - (5267, pi 56)
Corallina chilensis Descaisne (5000, p230) (5284, pi 67)
Dist: British Columbia to southern Calif. (.5000, p230)
Coll: Oregon (5284,pi 67) (5267,pi 56)
Hab: Growing on rocks between 0. 5 and -1. 5 foot tide levels.
Also found in tide pools at higher tidal levels. Common
everywhere (5000,p230)
Tax: Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 499; (5010,p365) (5041 ,p!30)
Str. &Repro: (5105,p273)
Corallina pilulifera Postels and Ruprecht - (5267 , pi 56)
Dist: Alaska to Mexico (5267,pl56)
Tax: (5010,p366)
Corallina vancouveriensis Yendo (5267,p!56)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Mexico
Tax: (5041,p!30)
Cryptonemia borealis Kylin (5284, pi 72) (5267 , pi 62)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Oregon (5267, pl62) (5284, p!72)
Tax: (5094,pl9)
Cryptonemia obovata J. Agardh - (5267,pl63)
Dist: Prince William Sound, Alaska to La Jolla, Calif. (5267,pl63)
Tax: (5010,p352) (5041,pi 28) (5178,pi 1)
Cryptonemia ovalifolia Kylin - (5000,p241) (5265,p36) (5284, p!72)
(5267,pi 63)
Dist: Northern Washington to Pacific Grove, Calif. (5267, pi 63)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago ( 5265 , p36) (5284 , pi 72)
Hab: Growing on vertical sides of rocks between 1. 0 and -0. 5
foot tide levels. Also dredged from 30-40 feet (5000, p241)
Tax: (5178,pll)
Str.&Repro: ( 5094, pi 9 )( 51 83 , pi 5)
Cryptopleura breyis Gardner - (5284, p!95)
Dist: Oregon coast (5284,pl95)
Tax: (5063,p241)
Cryptopleura crispa Kylin (5284, pi 96) ( 5265 , p44)
Dist: Oregon (5284,p!96)
Coll: Ore: Sunset Bay, South Bay, Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265, p44)
253
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Cryptopleura lobulifera (J. G. Agardh) Kylin (5000, p352) (5265 , p44)
Dist: Central Oregon to central Calif. (5000,p352) (5265,p44)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago ( 5265 , p44)
Hab: Growing on rocks between 0. 5 and -1. 5 foot tide levels
(5000,p352)
Tax: (5178,p33)
Cryptopleura Ruprechtiana (J. Agardh) Kylin - (5265, p44) (5267,p225)
(5284,p!95)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to northern Calif. (5267,p225)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265, p44) (5284, p!95)
Hab: Growing on Cystoseira
Tax: (5010,p321) (5041 ,pl!8)
Cryptopleura violacea (J. G. Agardh) Kylin -( 5000, p352) (5267 , p226)
(5284,p!96)(5265,p44)
Dist: British Columbia to southern Calif. (5000, p353)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago ( 5265 , p44) (5284, pi 96)
(5267,p226)
Hab: Growing on rocks between 0. 5 and -1. 5 foot tide levels.
Also dredged from depth of 15-30 feet (5000,p353)
Tax: (5178,p33)
Cryptosiphonia Woodii J. G. Agardh ( 5000, p200) (5267 , p!42) (5284, pi 63)
(5265,P35)
Dist: Unalaska, Alaska to Venice , Calif. (5000, p200) (5265 , p35)
(5288,pl63)(5267,p!42)
Coll: Ore: (5284, pi 63 )( 52,67 , p!42)
Hab: Growing on rocks between 2. 5 and 0. 5 foot tide levels
(5000,p200)
Tax: (5024,p222) (5029,p68) (5183, p4) (5178, p8); Phyc. Bor. -
Amer. No. 449
Str. &Repro: ( 51 83 , p4) (5170 , p329)
Cumagloia Andersonii (Farlow) Setchell and Gardner - (5000, pi89)
(5284,pi 62) (5267,p!39) (5265,p34)
Dist: British Columbia to southern Calif. (5000, pi 89)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago ( 5265 , p34) (5284, pi 62)
(5267,P139)
Hab: Growing on horizontal and vertical sides of rocks between
4. 0 and 2. 0 foot tide levels (5000,pl89)
Tax: (5028,p399)(5178,p6)
Str. feRepro: (5028,p398) (5170, p318)
254
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Dasyopsis plumosa (Harvey and Bailey) Schmitz (5267,p227)
Dist: Queen Charlotte Sound, British Columbia to northern
Calif. (5267,p227)
Tax: (5010,p337)(5041,p!23)(5094,p68)(5298,plOO)
Delesseria decipiens J. G. Agardh -( 5000 , p338) ( 5267 , p220) (5265 , p43)
(5284)P192)
Dist: Alaska to central Calif. (5000,p339)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago ( 5265 , p43 )( 5284 , pi 92) ( 5267 , p220)
Hab: Growing on rocks between 0. 5 and -1. 5 foot tide levels
(5000,p339)
Tax: (5024,p224)
Dermatolithon dispar (Foslie) Foslie - (5267,pl52)
Fosliella dispar (Foslie) Smith - (5000, p225)
Dist: Whidbey Island, Wash, to Monterey Peninsula (5000,p225)
(5267,p!52)
Hab: Growing on Ahnfeltia plicata, Gelidium Coulteri, Gigartina
volans , and Gymnogongrus linearis (5000, p225)
Tax: Lithophyllum tumidulum var. dispar Foslie (5191 , p27)
(5111,p357)
Dilsea californica (J. Agardh) Schmitz - (5265,p37)
Dilsea californica (J. Agardh) O. Kuntze (5267 , p!45) ( 5284, pi 65)
Dist: Unga I. , Alaska to San Francisco, Calif. (5267, p!45)
Coll: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p37); Oregon coast (5284,pl65)
Hab: On rocks in lower littoral belt (5265, p37)
Endocladia muricata (Postels and Ruprecht) J. G. Agardh - (5284,pl66)
(5000,pZll)(5267,pl60)(5265,p36)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (5000,p211)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p36) (5267,pi 60)
Hab: Growing on vertical sides of rocks between 6. 0 and 3. 0
foot tide levels. Common everywhere on rocks exposed
to moderate or strong surf ( 5000 , p211)
Tax: (5024,p223) (5029,p68) (5178,p7); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. Nos.
136, 882
Erythrotrichia kylinii Gardner - (5267, pi 25)
Dist: Bering Sea to northern Washington (5267, pi 25)
Hab: Epiphytic on other algae and worm tubes in lower intertidal
and upper subtidal to 5-10 fathoms (5267, pi 25)
Tax: (5010,p292 as E_. ceramicola) and ( 5041 , pi 1 2) (5094,p8
as E_. bertholdii) (5063,p236)
255
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Erthrotrichia parksii var. minor Gardner - (5267, pi 25)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to northern Wash. (5267, pi 25)
Hab: Epiphytic on Cryptosiphonia (5267, pi 25)
Tax: (5063,p239)
Erythrotrichia pulvinata Gardner - (5000, pi 64) (5284,p!59)
Dist: Oregon to central Calif. (5284, pi 59) (5000, pi 64)
Hab: On side of branches of Ceramium codicola (5000, pi 64)
Tax: (5063,p238)
Erythrotrichia Welwitschii (Ruprecht) Batters - (5000, pi 63) (5284,pl59)
Dist: Monterey Peninsula (5000, pl63)
Coll: Oregon (5284)
Hab: On rocks in a tide pool at 1. 0 foot tide level (5000, pi 63)
Erythrocladia irregularis Rosenvinge - (5000, pi 66) (5267,p!25) (5284, p!59)
Dist: Friday Harbor, Washington to Monterey Peninsula (5000, pl66)
Coll: Oregon (5284, pi 59) (5267, pi 25)
Hab: On margins of blades of Porphyra variegata (5000,pl66)
Tax: (5176,p72)(5094,p9)
Str. &Repro: (5177,pl!2) (5176, p7 1)
Erythrocladia subintegra Rosenvinge (5000,pl66) (5267, p!26) (5284,p!59)
Dist: From Friday Harbor, Washington to Monterey Peninsula
(5000,p!66) (5267,pi 26)
Coll: Oregon coast (5284,p!59)
Hab: Growing on various algae (5000, pi 66)
Tax: (5176,p73)(5094,P9)(5178,p3)
Str.&Repro: (5177,pl!2) (5176, p7 1)
Erythroglossum californicum J. G. Agardh - (5000, p339) (5284, p!92)
Dist: Oregon coast to central Calif. (5284, p!92) (5000, p340)
Hab: Growing on a sponge at -1.0 foot tide level (5000, p340)
Tax: (5178,p31)
Erthroglossum intermedium (J. Agardh) Kylin - (5267, p221)
Dist: Southern British Columbia (5267,p221)
Erthrophyllum delesserioides J. G. Agardh - (5000, p292) (5267 , p!73)
(5284,p!84)(5265,p37)
Dist: Alaska to central Calif. (5000,p292)
Coll: Ore: (5284, p!84); Coos Bay, Cape Arago ( 5265 , p37 )
(5267,p!73)
256
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Erthrophyllum delesserioides J. G. Agardh continued
Hab: Growing between mean low tide and -1. 5 foot tide levels
on rocks exposed on heavy surf (5000,pZ92)
Tax: (5024,p224) (5029,p68) (5178,p!7); Phyc. Bor. -Amer.
Nos. 50, 588
Str. kRepro: (5201)
Erythrophyllum splendens Doty - (5284,p!84)
Dist: Oregon (5284)
Euthora fruticulosa (Ruprecht) J, Agardh - (5267,p!78)
Dist: Bering Sea to northern Washington (5267, p!78)
Tax: (5010,p311)(5041,pll?)(5094,p39)
Fauchea laciniata J. Agardh - (5284, p!85) (52'67,pl92)
Fauchea media Kylin - (5000, p295)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Mexico (5267,'pi 93)
Hab: Growing on rocks between mean low tide and -1. 5 foot
tide levels (5000,p295)
Tax: (5178,p27)
Str. &Repro: (5183,p25)
Faucheocolax attenuata Setchell - (5000,p296) (5267, p!93)
Dist: Northern Washington to Monterey, Calif. (5267,p!93)
Hab: Parasitic on Fauchea media (5000,p296)
Tax; (5141,p394)
Str. &Repro: (5141,p394)
Farlowia crassa J. G. Agardh - (5000,p205)
Dist: Southern Oregon to southern Calif. (5000,p205)
Coll: Oregon (type loc. ) (5000,p205); Port Orford (5000,p205)
Hab: Growing on rocks between 0. 5 and -0. 5 foot tide levels
(5000,p205)
Tax: (5024,p222)
Farlowii mo His (Harvey and Bailey) Farlow and Setchell - ( 5284, pi 64)
(5000,p204)(5267,p!44)(5265,p35)
Dist: British Columbia to central Calif. (5000,p205)
Coll: Ore: (5267,p!44); Coos Bay, Cape Arago ( 5265 , p35)
Hab: Growing attached to rocks between 0. 5 and -1. 5 foot
tide levels (5000, p204)
Tax: Farlow and Setchell in Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 898. Also
see Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 1150.
257
-------
ALGAE RHODOPHYTA
Fryeella Gardner! (Setchell) Kylin - (5284, p!86) (5267, p!93)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Oregon (5267, p!93)
Gastroclonium Coulteri (Harvey) Kylin - (5000, p303) (5267, p!99)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Mexico (5267, pi 99)
Hab: Growing on rocks between 2. 0 and -1. 5 foot tide levels.
Common everywhere. Also dredged from depths between
15-25 feet (5000,p303)
Tax: (5178,p27)
Str. &Repro: (5170, p339)
Gelidium caloglossoides Howe ( 5000, p!94) (5284, pi 63)
Dist: Oregon to southern Calif. (5000, p!95) (5284,pl63)
Hab: Growing on vertical face of rocks between 0. 5 and -1. 0
foot tide levels (5000, p!95)
Tax: (5182,p96)(5080,p534)
Str. feRepro: (5170,p325)
Gelidium Coulteri Harvey - (5000,pl96) (5265,p35) (5284, pi 63)
Dist: Oregon to southern Calif. ( 5284, pi 63) ( 5000 , p!96)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago ( 5265 , p35)
Hab: Growing on rocks between 2. 5 and -0. 5 foot tide levels.
Frequently with base buried in sand. Abundant everywhere
(5000,p!96)
Tax: (5024, p224) (5178, p7); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 90
Str. &Repro: (5170, p325)
.Gelidium crinale (Turner) Lamouroux - (5267, p!42)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Mexico (5267,pl42)
Hab: Lower intertidal and subtidal (5267, p!42)
Tax: (5010,P295) (5041,pi 14) (5094,pi 3) (5298,pi 00 as G.
amansii)
Gelidium pulchrum Gardner - (5265,p35) (5284, pi 63)
Dist: Oregon coast (5284,pi 63)
Coll: Lighthouse Reef, North Bay, Coos Bay, Lighthouse
Beach (5265,p35)
Hab: On lower rocks and washed ashore (5265,p35)
Tax: (5068sp279)
Gelidium pusillum (Stackhouse) Le Jolis - (5000, p!95) (5284,pl63)
Dist: Oregon coast to Monterey Peninsula (5000,p!95) (5284,pl63)
Hab: Growing on vertical face of rocks between 3. 0 and -1. 0
foot tide levels (5000, p!95)
Str. &Repro: (5170,p325)
258
-------
ALGAE RHODOPHYTA
Gigartina Aristata (Setchell) Setchell and Gardner (5000, p283) (5267, p!85)
(5284,p!80) (5265,p38)
Dist: Northern Washington to Mexico (5267, p!85)
Coll: Wash: Westport (5000, p284); Ore: Coos Bay, Cape A'rago
(5265,P38)(5284,P180)
Hab: Growing on rocks between 2.0 foot and mean low tide
levels (5000,p284)
Tax: (5153,p289)(5178,p26)
Str.&Repro: (5183,p46)
Gigartina exasperata Harvey and Bailey (5284,p!81) (5267,p!85)
Dist: Northern Washington to Mexico (5267,p!85) (5284, p!81)
Tax: (5288, p371) (5153, p275)
Gigartina Harveyana (Ktltzing) Setchell and Gardner - (5000,p282) (5284, p 181)
Dist: Oregon to southern Calif. (5284, p!81) (5000, p282)
Hab: Growing between 1.0 and -1.5 foot tide levels on rocks
more or less covered with sand. Very abundant in sandy
coves. Also dredged from a depth of 25 feet (5000, p282)
Tax: (5153,P276) (5178,P25)
Str. kRepro: (5183,p46)
Gigartina latissima (Harvey) Eaton - (5267, p!87)
Dist: Table I. , British Columbia to northern Washington (5267, p!87)
Tax: (5041,pl!5) (5094, p29) (5153,p284)
Gigartina mamillosa (Goodenough and Woodward) J. Agardh - (5284, p!80)
(5267,p!87)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Oregon (5267, p!87) (5284, p!80)
Tax: (5153,p285)(5010,p302)(5041,pl!5)(5094,p29)(5298,plOO)
Gigartina papillata (C. A. Agardh) J. G. Agardh - (5000, p28 3) (5284, p!80)
(5267,P188)
Dist: Northern Washington to Mexico (5267, p!88)
Coll: Oregon (5284,p!80)
Hab: Growing on rocks between 3.5 and 1.0 foot tide levels.
Abundant everywhere (5000, p283)
Tax: (5024,p223) (5029,p68) (5153,p287)
Str.&Repro: (5183,p46)
Gigartina sitchensis Ruprecht (5267, p!88)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to northern Washington ( 5267 , p!88)
Tax: (5153,p284)
Gigartina stellata (Stackhouse) Batters (5267,p!88)
Dist: Southern British Columbia (5267, p!88)
Tax: (5153,p286)
259
-------
ALGAE RHODOPHYTA
Gelidium sinicola Gardner (5000, p!95 ) (5284, pl63)
Dist: Oregon coast to central Calif. (5284, pl63) (5000,p!96)
Hab: Growing on rocks at mean low tide level (5000, p!96)
Tax: (5068,p278)
Str.&Repro: (5170,p325)
Gigartina Agardhii Setchell and Gardner (5000, p284) (5265, p38)
Dist: Central Oregon to southern Calif. (5000, p284) (5265, p38)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265, p38)
Hab: Growing on rocks between 3.5 and 1.0 foot tide levels.
Abundant everywhere (5000, p284)
Tax: (5153,p290) (5178,p26)
Str.&Repro: (5183,p46)
Gigartina Binghamiae J. Agardh - (5265,p38) (5267, p!84) (5284,p!81)
Dist: Northern Washington to Mexico (5267, p!85)
Coll: Oregon (5284, p!81); Coos Bay (5265 , p38)
Tax: (5153,p277)
Gigartina californica J. G. Agardh - (5000,p280) (5265,p38) (5284,pl81)
Dist: Oregon to central Calif. (5284, p!81) (5000, p28 1)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265, p38)
Hab: Growing between mean low tide and -1.5 foot tide levels
on rocks more or less directly exposed to surf. Abundant
on all rocky headlands (5000, p281)
Tax: (5153,p272)(5178,p25)
Str.&Repro: (5183,p46)
Gigartina canaliculata Harvey (5000,p278) (5265,p38) (5284, p!81)
Dist: Central Oregon to Baja Calif. (5000,p278) (5284,p!81)
(5265,P38)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265, p38)
Hab: Growing on rocks between 2.0 and 1.0 foot tide levels
(5000,P278)
Tax: (5024,p223) (5029,p68) (5153,p264) (5178,p25); Phyc.Bor-
Amer.No. 1395
Str.&R'epro: (5183,p46)
Gigartina ^orymbifera (Kiitzing) J. G. Agardh - (5000, p28 1) (5267, p!85)
(5265,P38)
Dist: Central Oregon to southern Calif. (5000, p281) (5265, p38)
(5267,p!85)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265, p38 ) (5267, p!8 5)
Hab: Growing between mean low tide and -1.5 foot tide levels
on rocks more or less directly exposed to surf. Abundant
on all rocky headlands. Also dredged from depth of 20-25
feet (5000,p281)
Tax: (5153,p275)(5178,p25)
Str.&Repro: (5183,p46)
260
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Gigartina unalaschcensis (Ruprecht) Ruprecht (5267,p!89)
Dist: Bering Sea to northern Washington (5267, p!89)
Tax: (5153,p282)
Gigartina volans ( C. A. Agardh) J. G. Agardh { 5000 , p282) (5284 , p!80)
(5265,P39)
Dist: Oregon to southern Calif. (5000,p283)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p39) (5284,pl80)
Hab; Growing on rocks between 1. 5 and -0. 5 foot tide levels
(5000,p283)
Tax: (5024,p223) (5029,p68) (5153,p279); Phyc. Bor. -Amer.
No. 21
Gloiopeltis furcata (Postels and Ruprecht) J. Agardh - (5265,p35)
(5267,pl6l)(5284,pl66)
Dist: Aleutian Is. , Alaska to Oregon (5267,pi 61)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago ( 5265 , p35) (5267 . pi 61)
Hab: Growing in high intertidal zone in association with Endocladia
and Pelvetiopsis
Tax: (5010,p348) (5041,pi 27) (5094,pl6)
Gloiophloea confusa Setchell - (5000, p!90) (5265,p35) (5267, p!39)
(5284,pl63)
Dist: British Columbia to southern Calif. (5000,pl91)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,j»35) (5267, p!40) (5284, pi 63)
Hab: Growing on rocks between 0. 5 and -1. 5 foot tide levels.
Also dredged from a depth of 25 feet (5000, p!90)
Tax: (5136,P118)(5178,p6)
Gloiosiphonia californica (Farlow) J. G. Agardh - (5000,p209) (5267,p!58)
(5284,pl66)
Dist: Alaska to Mexico (5267,p!59) (5000,p209)
Hab: Growing on rocks between 1. 5 and -0. 5 foot tide levels.
Usually found only during spring and early summer .
(5000,p209)
Str. &Repro: (5183, pi 2) (5010,p348) (5094, pl6)
Gloiosiphonia capillaris (Hudson) Carmichael - (5267, pi 59)
Dist: Southern British Columbia (5267, pi 59)
Tax: (5041,p!27)
261
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Gloiosiphonia verticillaris Farlow - (5000, p209) (5267, p!59) (5284,pl66)
(5265,p35)
Dist: Alaska to central Calif. ( 5000 , p21 0) (5265 , p35)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5267, pi 59)
Hab: Growing on sand-covered rocks between 1. 5 and 0. 5 foot
tide levels. Usually found only during spring and early
summer (5000,p210)
Tax: (5053,p3); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 100
Str. &Repro: (5183,p!2)
Gonimophyllum Skottsbergii Setchell - (5000,p355) (5267, p227)
Dist: Northern Washington to San Diego, Calif. (5267,p227)
Hab: Parasitic on Botryoglossum Farlowianum. Parasitic on
Cryptopleura violacea and Hymenena multiloba (5000, p335)
Tax: (5141,p394)(5178,p34)
Str. &Repro: (5205)
Goniotrichum cornu-cervi (Reinsch) Hauck - (5267, pi 24)
Dist: Northern Washington to Santa Cruz, Calif. (5267, pi 24)
Hab: Epiphytic on other algae and worm tubes in subtidal to
5-10 fathoms (5267, pi24)
Tax: (5094,p6)
Goniotrichum elegans (Chauvin) Zanardini - (5000,pl61) (5267, pi 24)
Dist: Friday Harbor, Washington to Mexico (5267 , pi 24) (5000, pi 61)
Hab: On Abietinaria sp. at mean low tide level. Also dredged
from depths 20-40 feet (5000, pi 61)
Tax: (5176,p75); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 781; (5178,p3)
Str. &Repro: (5176,p75)
Gracilaria verrucosa (Hudson) Papenfuss (5267,p!81)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Mexico (5267, pi 81)
Tax: (5010,p312) (5041,pll?) (5094,p39) (5298,pi 00)
Gracilariophila oryzoides Setchell and Wilson - (5000,p268) (5284,p!78)
(5265,p39)
Dist: Southern Oregon to southern Calif. (5000,p269)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay: Cape Arago (5265,p39)
Hab: Parasitic on Gracilaria Sjoestedtii (5000,p269); epiphytic
on Gracilaria Sjoestedtii (5265,p39)
Tax: Setchell and Wilson (5l64,p81)
Str. &Repro: (5164)
262
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Gracilariopsis Sjoestedtii (Kylin) Dawson - (5267,p!81) (5284,p!78)
Gracilaria Sjoestedtii Kylin ( 5000 , p267 )( 5265 , p39 )
Dist: British Columbia to Baja, Calif. (5000, p267)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago ( 5265 , p39 )( 5267 , pi 82)
Hab: Growing half-buried in sand between rocks at 1. 0 and 1. 5
foot tide levels. Also dredged from a depth of 30-60 feet
(5000,p267)(5265,p39)
Tax: (5178,p21)
Str.&Repro: (5183,p51)
Grateloupia californica Kylin - (5000,p239) (5265,p36) (5267, pi 61)
Dist: Puget Sound to southern Calif. (5000, p239)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265 , p36) (5267 , pi 61)
Tax: (5178,p9)(5010,P349)(5041,p!27)(5094,p!8)
Grateloupia pinnata (Postels and Ruprecht) Setchell - (5297 , p947) (5267 , pl62)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska, to northern Washington (5267, pl62)
Tax: (5297,p947) (5010,P349) (5041, P127) (5094,p!8)
Griffithsia pacifica Kylin - (5000,p324) (5265, p41) (5267,p210) (5284,p!92)
Dist: Puget Sound to southern Calif. (5267, p2 10) (5000, p324)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265, p41) (5284, p!92)
Tax: (5094,p58) (5178,p28)
Str.&Repro: (5094, p58) (5098)
Gymnogongrus leptophyllus J. G. Agardh (5000, p273) (5284, p!79)
Dist: Oregon to southern Calif. (5000,p273) (5284,p!79)
Tax: (5024,p223) (5178,p26)
Str.&Repro: (5069, p 532)
Gymnogongrus linearis (Turner) J. G. Agardh (5000, p274) (5284, p!79)
(5265,P39)
Dist: Southern Oregon to central Calif. (5000, p274)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265 , p39.) (5284, p!79 )
Tax: (5024,p223) (5029,p68); Phyc. Bor.-Amer. Nos. 238, 1496
Str.&Repro: (5069, p532)
Gymnogongrus norvegicus (Gunner) J. Agardh (5267, p!83)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to northern Washington (5267, p!84)
Tax: (5041,pl!4)
Halosaccion glandiforme (Gmelin) Ruprecht (5000,p298)(5267,p!94)
(5284,p!86)
Dist: Alaska to Mexico (5267, p!95) (5000, p298)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265, p40) (5284, p!86)
Tax: (5010, p317) (5178, p27); Phyc. Bor.-Amer. No. 71
263
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Halymenia calif or nica Smith and Hollenberg - (5000, p243) (5267, pl64)
Dist: Northern Washington to Mexico (5267, pl64)
Hab: Dredged from a depth of 30-35 feet (5000,p243)
Tax: (5158,p2!6)
Herposiphonia grandis Kylin - (5265,p45) (5267,p238)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Oregon (5267, p238)
Coll: Ore: Sunset Bay, Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265, p45)
Tax: (5041,p!20) (5094,p74)
Herposiphonia parva Hollenberg (5284,p!99) (5267,p239)
Herposiphonia pygmaea Hollenberg mss. - (5000, p369)
Dist: Northern Washington to Mexico (5267, p239)
Coll: Oregon (5284,p!99)
Hab: On Calliarthron and Bossea spp. dredged from a depth
of 20-25 feet and from 35-40 feet (5000, p370)
Tax: (5287,p575)
Str.&Repro: (5206,p286)
Herposiphonia rigida Gardner - (5000,p369) (5284,p!99) (5267,p239)
Dist: Puget Sound to southern Calif. (5000, p369)
Coll: Oregon (5284,p!99) (5267,p239)
Hab: Growing on rocks between the mean low tide and - 1. 0
foot tide levels. Also dredged from a depth of 30-35
feet(5000,p369)
Tax: (5067,plOO)
Str.&Repro: (5206,p286)
Heterosiphonia densiuscula Kylin - (5267,p228)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267, p228)
Tax: (5094,p70)
Heterosiphonia laxa Kylin - (5267, p228)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to northern Washington (5267,p229)
Tax: (5094,p70)
Hildenbrandia occidentalis Setchell - (5000,p215) (5267,p!47) (5284,pl67)
Dist: Puget Sound to central Calif. (5000,p215)
Coll: Oregon (5284,p!67) (5267,p!48)
Hab: Growing on rocks slightly below the high tide level
(5000,p215)
Tax: (5028,p393)
Str.&Repro: (5176,p202)
Hildenbrandia prototypes Nardo - (5000,p215) (5267,pl48)
Dist: Alaska to Panama (5000, p2 15) (5267,p'l48)
Hab: Growing on rocks in mid-littoral (5000, p2 15)
Str.&Repro: (5176, p202)
264
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Hildenbrandia rosea Kutzing - (5267, p 148)
Dist: Northern Washington to Mexico (5267, p!48)
Hab: Intertidal and subtidal (5267,p!48)
Tax: (5094,p27)
Holmesia californica (Dawson) Dawson (5267, p2 19)
Dist: Northern Washington to San Diego, Calif. (5267,p219)
Hymenena cuneifolia Doty (5284, p!95)
Dist: Oregon coast (5284,p!95)
Hymenena flabelligera (J. G. Agardh) Kylin (5000, p348) (5267 , p224)
(5284, p!93) (5265,P43)
Dist: Puget Sound to central Calif. (5000, p349)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265 , p43) (5284, p!9 3)
(5267,p224)
Hab: Growing between 1.0 and -1.0 foot tide levels on vertical
face of rocks exposed to considerable surf (5000,p349)
Hymenena Kylinii Gardner (5000 , p349 ) (5284, p!94)
Dist: Oregon to central Calif. (5284, p!94) (5000 , p349 )
Hab: Growing at mean low tide level on rocks (5000,p349)
Tax: (5063,p242) (5178,p32)
Hymenena multiloba (J. G. Agardh) Kylin - (5000,p350) (5284, p!93)
Dist: Oregon coast to central Calif. (5000,p350) (5284, p!93)
Hab: Growing on rocks and on crustose corallines between
low tide and 1. 0 foot tide levels (5000, p350)
Hymenena Setchellii Gardner - (5000,p350) (5265,p43) (5267,p224)
(5284, P194)
Dist: Hope I. , British Columbia to central Calif. (5267, p225)
(5000,P350)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265 , p43) (5284, p!94)
Hab: Growing on rocks at mean low tide level (5000, p350)
Tax: (5063,p245)
Hymenena Smithii Kylin - (5000, p351) (5284, p!94)
Dist: Oregon coast to central Calif. (5000, p351) (5284, p!94)
Hab: On stipe of Pterygophora californica (5000, p351)
Tax: (5178,p33)
Iridaea cordata (Turner) Bory (5267,p!90)
Iridophycus cordatum (Turner) Setchell and Gardner - (5284,p!84)
Dist: Banks I. , British Columbia to Oregon (5267, p!90)
(5284,P184)
Tax: (5154,p!70) (5041, pl!5) (5094, p28) (5298, plOO) (5010, p298)
265
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Iridaea coriacea (Setchell and Gardner) Scagel (5267, p!90) (5284, p!83)
Iridophycus coriaceum Setchell and Gardner - (5000, p290)
Dist: Northern Washington to central Calif. (5000,p290)
Coll: Wash: Neah Bay (5000, p29 0); Ore: (5284, p!83) (5267 , p!9 1)
Hab: Growing between 1.0 and -1.0 foot tide levels on rocks
exposed to strong surf (5000, p290)
Tax: (5154,p!70)
Str.&Repro: (5170,p334)
Iridaea heterocarpa Postels and Ruprecht - (5267, p!91)
Iridophycus heterocarpum (Postels and Ruprecht) Setchell and
Gardner (5000,p291)(5265,p38)(5284,p!83)
Dist: British Columbia to central Calif. (5000, p291)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265 , p38) (5284, p!83)
(5267, p!91)
Hab: Growing bet-ween 2. 0 foot tide and mean low tide levels
on rocks exposed to considerable surf(5000,p291)
Tax: (5154,p!70)
Str.&Tax: (5170,p334)
Iridaea Whidbeyanum (Setchell and Gardner) Scagel - (5267, p!91)
Iridophycus Whidbeyanum Setchell and Gardner - (5284, p!84)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Oregon (5267, p!92)
(5284,P184)
Tax: (5154,p!72)
Iridophycus flaccidum Setchell and Gardner - (5000, p288) (5284, p!82)
(5265,P37)
Dist: Oregon to central Calif. (5284, p!82) (5000,p289)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265 , p37 )
Hab: Abundant everywhere on rocks in mid-littoral zone.
Also found bet-ween 0.5 and -0.5 foot tide levels
(5000,p288)
Tax: (5154,p!71)
Str.&Repro: (5170,p334)
Iridophycus fulgens Setchell and Gardner - (5284, p!84)
Dist: Oregon coast (5284, p!84)
Tax: (5154,P173)
Iridophycus lineare Setchell and Gardner - (5000, p290) (5284, p!82)
Dist: Oregon coast to southern Calif. (5000, p29l) (5284, p!82)
Coll: Ore: Sunset Bay (5000, p29 1)
Hab: Growing between 1.0 and 1.0 foot tide levels on rocks
exposed to heavy surf(5000,p291)
Tax: (5154,p!71)
Str.&Repro: (5170,p334 as Iridaea)
Iridophycus oregonum Doty - (5284,p!82)
Dist: Oregon (5284)
266
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Iridophycus parvulum (Kjellman) Setchell and Gardner (5284, p!83)
Dist: Oregon (5284,p!83)
Tax: (5154,p!70); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. fasc. 19:930
Iridophycus sanguineum Setchell and Gardner - (5000,p289) (5284,p!84)
Dist: Southern Oregon to central Calif. (5000,p290)
Coll: Ore: Cape Arago (5000, p290) (5284, p!84)
Tax: (5154,p!72)
Str. &Repro: (5170, p334 as Iridaea)
Iridophycus splendens Setchell and Gardner - (5000,p289) (5284,p!82)
Dist: Oregon to southern Calif. (5000,p289) (5284,p!82)
Coll: Ore: Cape Kiawandi (5000, p28 9) (5284, p!82)
Hab: Growing between 1.0 and -1.0 foot tide levels on rocks
somewhat sheltered from surf (5000, p289)
Tax: (5154,p!70)
Str.&Repro: (5170,p334 as Iridaea)
Janczewskia Gardneri Setchell and Guernsey - (5000,p381)(5267, p24l)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Mexico (5267,p241)
Coll: Oregon (5284,pl99)
Tax: Setchell and Guernsey (5137,pl2) (5178,p43)
Joculator delicatulus Doty - (5284, pi 67)
Dist: Oregon coast (5284, pi 67)
Tax: (5103)
Kallymenia oblongifructa Setchell (5267, pl66)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to northern Washington (5267, pi 67)
Hab: Epiphytic on stipes of Pleurophycus and Pterygophora
(5267,pi 67)
Tax: (5010,p300) (5130,pl23) (5094, p35)
Kallymenia ornata (Postels and Ruprecht) J. Agardh - (5267, pi 67)
Dist: Yakutat B. , Alaska to southern British Columbia (5267, pi 67)
Tax: (5010,p307) (5041 ,pH6)
Kallymenia reniformis (Turner) J. Agardh - (5267,pi 67)
Dist: Southern British Columbia (5267, pi 67)
Tax: (5010,p307)(5041,pl!6)
Kylinia arcuata (Drew) Kylin (5267,p!36)
Dist:, Northern Washington to Mexico (5267, pi 36)
Hab: Epiphytic on Pterosiphonia bipinnata var. bipinnata,
Pterochondria woodii, and species of Polysiphonia (5267,p!36)
Tax: (5179;pl65 as Rhodochorton arcuatum) (5285,p321 as
Chromastrum arcuatum)
267
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Kylinia hirsuta (Drew) Kylin - (5267,p!36)
Dist: Southern British Columbia (5267, pi 36)
Hab: Epiphytic on species of Polysiphonia (5267, pi 36)
Tax: (5041,pi 67 as Chantrasia hallandica) (5179, pl66 as
Rhodochorton hirsutum) (5285, p321 as Chroma strum
hirsutum)
Kylinia moniliformis (Rosenvinge) Kylin - (5267, pi 36)
Dist: Southern British Columbia (5267, pi 37)
Hab: Epiphytic on species of Polysiphonia (5267, pi 37)
Tax; (5041, pi 13 as Chantrasia moniliformis) (5179 , pi 64 as
Rhodochorton moniliforme) (5285, p322 as Chroma strum
moniliforme)
Laurencia spectabilis Postels and Ruprecht - (5000,p377) (5267,p240)
(5284>P199)(5265,P46)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (5267,p240) (5000,p377)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265 , p46) ( 5284, p!99)
Hab: Growing on rocks between 1. 0 and -1. 5 foot tide levels.
Also dredged from depths from 15-35 feet (5000,p377)
Tax: (5208,p246)(5178,p43)
Leptocladia conferta Setchell - (5000,p206)
Dist: Northern to central Calif. (5000,p206)
Hab: Growing on rocks between 1. 0 and mean low tide levels
(5000,p206)
Tax: (5184,p252); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 1848
Str. &Repro: (5184,p250)
Lithophyllum decipiens (Foslie) Foslie - (5267,p!52)
Dist: Northern British Columbia to Mexico (5267, pi 52)
Tax: (5193,p33) (5010,p358) (5041,pi 29) (5299,p338)
Lithophyllum lichenare Mason - (5267,p!53)
Dist: Northern Washington
Tax: (5299,p339)
Lithophyllum neofarlowii Setchell and Mason - (5000,p228) (5267,p!53)
Dist: Northern to central Calif. (5000,p228) (5267,pi 53)
Hab: Growing on rocks between mean low tide and -1. 5 foot
tide levels (5000,p228)
Tax: (5155,p95) (5010,p358 as L_. farlowii) (5299.p341)
268
-------
ALGAE RHODOPHYTA
Lithophy 1 lum whidbeyense Foslie - ( 57,67 , pi 53)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to northern Washington (5267, pi 53)
Tax: (5189,p21) (5193)P38) (5041,pi 29) (5155,p96) (5299,p340)
Lithothamnion californicum Foslie ( 5000, p221 )( 5267 , p!49 )
Dist: Washington to southern California (5000, p221) (5267, p!50)
Hab: Growing on rocks between 0. 5 and -1. 5 foot tide levels.
Common everywhere (5000,p221)
Tax: (5195,p3) (5193); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 61
Lithothamnion muricatum (Foslie) G. De Toni (5267,p!50)
Dist: Southern British Columbia (5267, pi 50)
Hab: Subtidal ( 5267 , pi 50)
Tax: (5013,p!29) (5193,p36)
Lithothamnion pacificum Foslie ( 5000, p221) ( 5267 , pi 50)
Dist: Washington to central Calif. (5000, p221 ) (5267 , pi 50)
Hab: Growing on rocks between 0. 5 and -1. 5 foot tide levels.
Common everywhere (5000,p221)
Tax: (5189,plO) (5193)
L/ithothamnium phymatodeum Foslie - (5267,p!50)
Dist: Northern Washington to Pacific Grove, Calif. (5267,p!51)
Hab: Subtidal ( 5267 , pi 51)
Tax: (5186,p3)(5193,p45,52,10,11)(5010,p358)
Lithothrix Aspergillum J. E. Gray ( 5000 , p231 ) ( 5267 , pi 57 )
Dist: British Columbia to southern Calif. (5000,p231) (5267, pi 57)
Hab: Growing on rocks at mean low tide level (5000,p231)
Tax: (5197,p33)(5105,p296)(5010,p359)
Str. &Repro: (5105,p295)
Lobocolax deformans Howe - (5000,p248) (5284,pl74)
Dist: Oregon coast to Monterey Peninsula (5000,p248) (5284,p!74)
Hab: Parasitic on Prionitis lanceolata and P. australis (5000, p248)
(5284,p!74)
Tax: (5182,p91) (5178,p!3)
Str.&Repro: ( 51 82, p90) ( 5178 , pi 3 )
Lophosiphonia obscura (C. Agardh) Falkenberg - (5267,p234)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to northern Washington (5267,p234)
Tax: (5010,p329) (5041 ,p!22) (5094,p75)
269
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Lophosiphonia villum (J. G. Agardh) Setchell and Gardner - (5000,p364)
(5267,p234)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Costa Rica (5267,p235)
Hab: Growing between 5. 0 and 3. 0 foot tide levels on cliffs
or on vertical face of rocks more or less sheltered from
direct sunlight (5000, p365)
Tax: (5010,p329) (5178,p40)
Str. &Repro: (5206 , p294, 475)
Melobesia marginata Setchell and Foslie - (5000,p219) (5267,p!48)
(5284,pi 69)
Dist: Washington to southern Calif. (5000,p220)
Coll: Oregon (5284,pi 69) (5267, pi 49)
Hab: Of frequent occurrence on Laurencia spectabilis, Rhodymenia,
and larger species of Gelidium (5000, p220)
Tax: (5186,plO); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 1300
Str. &Repro: (5110) as Lithothamnion
Melobesia mediocris (Foslie) Setchell and Mason (5000,p219) (5284,pl69)
(5267,p!49)
Dist: Oregon to central Calif. (5284 , pi 69 ) (5267 , pi49) ( 5000, p219)
Hab: Epiphytic on Phyllospadix. Abundant wherever the host
grows (5000,p219) (5284,pi 69)
Tax: (5155,p95)
Str. &Repro: (5110) as Lithothamnion
Membranoptera dimorpha Gardner - (5265,p43) (5284, p!92) (5267, p218)
Dist: Queen Charlotte Is. , British Columbia to Oregon (5267, p218)
Coll: Oregon: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265, p43) (5284, p!92)
Tax: (5062,pZll)(5010,p323)(5041,pl!9)
Membranoptera multiramosa Gardner - (5000,p337) (5284, pi92)
Dist: Oregon to Moss Beach, Calif, (type loc. ) (5284,p!92)
(5000,p337)
Hab: Growing between -0. 5 and -1. 5 foot tide levels on vertical
face of sheltered rocks. Also found repeatedly at 1. 0
foot tide level in tide pools (5000,p337)
Tax: (5062,p209)
Str. &Repro: (5118, pi 83)
Membranoptera platyphylla (Setchell and Gardner) Kylin - (5284, pi92)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Oregon (5267,p218) (5284,p!92)
Tax: (5094,p64) (5010,p325)
270
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Membranoptera tennis Kylin - (5267,p219)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267,p219)
Tax: (5094, p64)
Membranoptera Weeksiae Setchell and Gardner (5000, p3 37) (5267, p219)
Dist: Northern Washington to San Diego, Calif. (5267,p219)
Hab: Growing between mean low tide and -1. 5 foot tide levels.
Epiphytic on saxicolous. Epiphytic on Pterygophora
californica and Desmarestia latifrons (5000, p338)
Tax: Setchell and Gardner (5062, p209)
Str. &Repro: (5118,p!83)
Microcladia borealis Ruprecht (5000,p330) (5265,p43) (5267,p213)
(5284,pl88)
Dist: Alaska to central Calif. (5267,p213) (5000,p331)
Coll: Alaska: Unalaska Island (type loc. ) (5000, p331); Ore:
Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p43)(5284,p!88)
Hab: Growing between 2. 5 and 0. 5 foot tide levels on vertical
face of rocks more or less exposed to surf. Common
everywhere and at times present in abundance (5000,p330)
Tax: (5024,p222) (5029,p67) (5178,p30); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 48
Microcladia Coulteri Harvey - (5000,p329) (5284,pl88) (5267,p214)
Dist: British Columbia to southern Calif. (5000,p330)
Coll: Oregon coast (5284,p!88) (5267,p214)
Hab: Epiphytic on the larger membranous Florideae, especially
Gigartina , Prionitis , and Grateloupia. Occasionally
found on Laminariales. Abundant on hosts growing between
1. 0 and -1. 5 foot tide levels. Also found on Florideae
dredged from a depth of 20-25 feet (5000, p330)
Tax: (5024,p222) (5029,p67) (5178,p30); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 1448
Myriogramme pulchra Gardner - (5267, p223)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267,p223)
Tax: (5062, p206)
Myriogramme spectabilis (Eaton) Kylin - (5000, p346) (5267,p223)
Dist: Northern Washington to Redando, Calif. (5267,p223)
Hab: Dredged from depth of 20 feet and 70-90 feet (5000, p346)
Nemalion helminthoides (Velley) Batters - (5267,p!39)
Ne ma lion lubricum Duby - (5000, p!86)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (5000,p!87) (5267,p!39)
271
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Odonthalia oregona Doty - (5284, pl?6)
Dist: Oregon coast(5284,p!96)
Odonthalia washingtoniensis Kylin - (5267,p245) (5265,p46) (5284, p!97)
Dist: Hope Is. , British Columbia to Oregon (5267,p245)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago ,(5265 , p46) ( 5284, p!97)
Hab: Low tide level and in larger tide pools (5265, p46)
Tax: (5094,p76) (5010,p336) (5094,pi 22)
Opuntiella californica (Farlow) Kylin - (5000,p262) (5267, p!77) (5284, p!77)
(5265,p37)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (52,67, pi 77) (5000,p262)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago ( 5265 , p37) (5284, p!77)
Hab: Isolated thalli have been found growing on rocks between
mean low tide and -1. 5 foot tide levels (5000, p262)
Tax: (5094,p23)(5178,p!8)
Str. feRepro: (5094,p23) (5095 as Callymenia)
Pachyarthron cretaceum (Postels and Ruprecht) Manza - (5267,p!55)
Dist: Unalaska, Alaska to northern Washington (5267, pi 55)
Petrocelis franciscana Setchell and Gardner - (5000,p217) (5267, pi 74)
(5284,pi 67)
Dist: Northern Washington to Mexico (5267,p!74)
Coll: Oregon (5284, pi 67 )
Hab: Growing on vertical face of rocks between 4. 0 and 2. 5
foot tide levels. Perennial but usually producing
tetrasporangia only from December to February.
Abundant on all rocky headlands (5000,p217)
Tax: (5028,p391)(5178,p!7)
Str. &Repro: (5176, p!74)
Petrocelis middendorffi (Ruprecht) Kjellman - (5267,p!74)
Dist: Bering Sea to northern Washington (5267, pi 74)
Tax: (5010,p357)(5028,p391)(5094,p24)
Petroglossum pacificum Hollenberg - (5284,p!79)
Dist: Oregon coast (5284,p!79)
Tax: (5287,p573)
Peyssonnelia pacifica Kylin - (5000,p212) (5284, pi 67) (5267,p!47)
Dist: Northern Washington to Mexico (5267, pi 47)
Hab: On shells of turban snail (Tegula) at mean low tide level.
Also dredged from depth from 20-25 feet and 30-35 feet
(5000,p213)
272
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Peyssonnelia pacifica Kylin - continued
Tax: (5094,P25) (5178,p8)
Str.&Repro: (5094,p25)
Phycodrys Setchellii Skottsberg (5000, p342) (5284, p!9 3)
Dist: Oregon to Baja California (5000, p343) (5284, p!93)
Hab: Isolated thalli have been collected between mean low tide
and -1.5 foot tide levels and also been dredged from a
depth of 20-30 feet and 30-35 feet (5000, p342)
Tax: (5204, p433)
Pikea californica Harvey - (5000, p202) (5265,p35) (5267, p!43)
Dist: British Columbia to southern Calif. (5000,p203)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265 , p35 )( 5267, p!43)
Hab: Growing on rocks between mean low tide and -1.5 foot
tide levels. Usually only isolated individuals at any
station. Also dredged from a depth of 20-35 feet
(5000,p203)
Tax: (5024,p222) (5029,p68) (5178,p8); Phyc.Bor. -Amer.No.897
Pikea nootkana (Esper) Doty (5284, pl64)
Dist: Oregon coast(5284,pl64)
Pikea pinnata Setchell (5000,p202) (5284, p 164) (5267,pl43)
Dist: Oregon to central Calif. (5284, pl64) (5267 , p!43) (5000, p202)
Hab: Growing on rocks between 0.5 and -1.5 foot tide levels.
Usually only isolated individuals at any station. Also
dredged from a depth of 30-35 feet and 35-40 feet
(5000,p202)
Tax: Setchell in Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 648
Platysiphonia clevelandi (Farlow) Papenfuss - (5267, p220)
Dist: Northern Washington to San Diego, Calif. (5267, p221)
Tax: (5080, p5 34)
Platythamnion heteromorphum J. G. Agardh (5000 , p315 ) (5284, p!9 1)
Dist: Oregon to southern Calif. (5284,p!91)
Hab: Dredged from a depth of 30-35 feet (5000, p315)
Tax: (5094,p51)
Str.&Repro: (5094,p51)
Platythamnion pectinatum Kylin (5000,p3l6) (5267,p205) (5265,p41)
(5284, p!9l)
Dist: Puget Sound to southern Calif. (5267,p205) (5000, p317)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265, p41) (5284, p!9 1)
Hab: Growing between mean low tide and -1.0 foot tide levels.
On Polyneura latissima and also on rocks dredged from
a depth of 30-35 feet(5000,p3l6)
Tax: (5094,p53) (5178,P28)
Str.&Repro: (5094, p51)
273
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Platythamnion reversum (Setchell and Gardner) Kylin - (5265,p41)
(5267,p205)
Platythamnion heteromorphum f. reversum Setchell and Gardner -
(5010,p345)
Dist: Northern Washington to Oregon (5267,p205)
Coll: Ore: Charleston, Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265, p41 )
Tax: (5094,p54)
Platythamnion villosum Kylin - (5000, p315) (5265, p315) (5284, p!91)
(5267,p206)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to Monterey Peninsula (5000, p3l6) (5265, p41)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265 , p41) (5284, pi 91)
Hab: Growing between mean low tide and -1.5 foot tide levels.
Also dredged from a depth of 25-30 feet and 30-35 feet
(5000,p316)
Tax: (5094,p51)
Str. &Repro: (5094, p51)
Pleonosporium abysicola Gardner - (5267,p208)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267,p208)
Hab: Epiphytic on Ceramium (5267 , p208)
Tax: (5065,p380)
Pleonosporium squarrosum var. obovatum Gardner - (5267, p209)
Dist: Southern British Columbia (5267,p209)
Tax; (5066,p414)
Pleonosporium squarrosum var. squarrosum Kylin - (5267,p209)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to northern Washington (5267,p209)
Tax: (5094,p57 as P. squarrosum)
Pleonosporium vancouverianum J. G. Agardh - (5000,p321) (5267,p209)
Dist: Vancouver Island to Monterey Peninsula (5000,p321)
(5267,P209)
Hab: Dredged from a depth of 30-35 feet. Found both on rocks
and on tube worms (5000,p321 )
Tax: (5094,p57)
Str. &Repro: (5094,p56)
Plocamiocolax pulvinata Setchell - (5000,p265) (5284, p!78) (5267,p!81)
Dist: Washington to southern Calif. (5000,p265)
Coll: Ore: (5284, p!78) ( 5267 , pi 81)
Hab: Parasitic on Plocamium pacificum (5000,p265)
Tax: (5141,p396)
Str. &Repro: (5141,p395)
274
-------
ALGAE RHODOPHYTA
Plocamium oregonum Doty - (5284,p!77) (5267,pl?9)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to central Calif. (5267, p!79)
(5284,p!77)
Plocamium pacificum Kylin (5000,p264) (5284,p!78) (5267,pl79)
Dist: British Columbia to southern Calif. (5267, p!79) (5000,p264)
Coll: Oregon (5284, p!78) (5265,p39)
Hab: Growing on rocks between mean low tide and -1. 5 foot tide
levels. Often on rocks buried in sand. Occasionally
epiphytic on other algae. Epiphytic on Nereocystis
(5000,p264)(5265,p39)
Tax: (5094,p42) (5178,p20)
Plocamium tenue Kylin - (5284, p!78) (5267.pl.80)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to Oregon (5284, p!78) (5267, p!80)
Tax: (5094,P43)
Plocamium violaceum Farlow (5000,p264) (5265,p40) (5284,p!78)
(5267,p!80)
Dist: British Columbia to southern Calif. (5000,p265)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265 , p40) ( 5267 , pi 80)
Hab: Growing between 2. 5 and 0. 5 foot tide levels on vertical
face of rocks exposed to heavy surf. Frequently found
in abundance (5000,p264)
Tax: (5052,p240) (5024,p224) (5029:p68) (5178,p20); Phyc. Bor. -
Amer. No. 542
Plumaria californica (Ruprecht ex Harvey) Doty - (5284 , pi 89 )
Ptilota californica Ruprecht - (5000,p332) (5267,p215) (5265,p42)
Dist: Northern British Columbia to San Diego, Calif. (5267, p21 5)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p42) (5000,p333)
(5284,p!89)
Hab: Growing in lower littoral (5000, p332)
Str.&Repro: (5042) (5117 , p36l )
Plumaria filicina (Farlow) Doty - (5284,p!88) (5265,p42)
Ptilota filicina (Farlow) J. G. Agardh - (5000, p333) (5267, p215)
(5284,pi 88)
Dist: Alaska to central Calif. (5000,p333) (5265,p42)
Coll: Oregon (5284, p!88) (5267, p2l6)
Hab: Isolated thalli have been collected between the mean low
tide and -1. 5 foot tide levels (5000, p333)
Tax: (5024,p222); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 643
Str.&Repro: (5042) (5117 ,p36l )
275
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Plumaria. hypnoides^ (Harvey) Doty (5284, p!89)
Ptilo'ta hypnoides Harvey - (5000,p332) (5267, p2l6) (5265,p43)
DTst: Alaska to central Calif. (5000,p332) (5267,p2l6)
Coll: Ore: (5284, p!89), Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265 ,p43)
Hab: Isolated stunted thalli 6-8 cm tall have been found on
articulated corallines. Well developed thalli 15 cm or
more tall are frequently cast ashore in abundance (5000, p332)
Tax: (5024,p222) (5029,p67) (5178,p28); Phyc.Bor-.-Amer.No. 599
Str.&Repro: (5042) (5117, p36l)
Plumaria tenius (Kylin) Doty - (5284,pl88) (5267,p217)
Dist: Northern British Columbia to northern Wash. (5267, p217)
(5284,p!88)
Tax: (5094, p217)
Polycoryne Gardneri Setchell (5000, p347 ) (5267 ,p222 )
Dist: Northern Washington to Pebble Beach, Calif. (5267,p223)
Hab: Parasitic on Nienburgia Andersoniana (5000, p347)
Tax: (5141,p395)
Polyporolithon conchatum (Setchell and Foslie) Mason (5267,p!51)
Lithothamnion conchatum Setchell and Foslie - (5000,p222)
Dist: Washington to central Calif. (5000, p223) (5267, p!51)
Hab: Epiphytic on articulated Corallinaceae, especially Calliarthron.
Common everywhere (5000, p223)
Tax: (5186, p6 ) (5191,p!3) (5193); Phyc.Bor. -Amer. No. 1750;
(5299,p317) (5189,p6)
Polyporolithon parcum (Setchell and Foslie) Mason - (5267,p!51)
Lithothamnion par cum Setchell and Foslie (5000,p223)
Dist: Washington to central Calif. (5000, p223) (5267, p!51)
Hab: Epiphytic on articulated Corallinaceae, especially
Calliarthron. Common everywhere (5000, p223)
Tax: Setchell and Foslie (5191,p!4) (5193); Phyc. Bor. - Amer.
No.1749;(5299,p318)
Polyneura latissima (Harvey) Kylin - (5000,p341) (5267,p221) (5265,p43)
(5284,pl93)
Dist: British Columbia to Baja Calif. (5000, p341)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265 , p43) (5284, p!93)
(5267,p221)
Hab: Growing between mean low tide and -1.5 foot tide levels
on vertical face of rocks somewhat sheltered from full
force of surf. Abundant in favorable habitats. Also
dredged from a depth of 30-35 feet and from 12-15 feet
(5000,P341)
Tax: (5178,p31)(5010,p320)(5041,pl!9)
Polyporolithon ^eclinatum (Foslie) Mason - (5267,p!51)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to La Jolla, Calif. (5267, p!52)
Hab: Epiphytic on Bossiella and Corallina
Tax: (5041,p!29)(5193,p45,54)(5299,p319)
276
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Polysiphonia Collinsii Hollenberg var. collinsii - (5267,p229)
Polysiphonia Collinsii Hollenberg mss. (5000, p363) (5284, p!97)
(5265,p44)
Dist: British Columbia to southern Calif. (5000, p364)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p44) (5284, p!97)
(5267,P229)
Hab: Growing on rocks or on coralline algae in the mid-littoral
zone (5000,p364)
Tax: Polysiphonia Sancti-Petri Collins in Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No.
2247 (name only)
Polysiphonia collinsii var. deliquescens Hollenberg - (5267,p229)
Dist: Prince William Sound, Alaska, to northern Wash. (5267,p229)
Polysiphonia collinsii var. luxurians Hollenberg - (5267,p230)
Dist: Northern Washington ( 5267 , p230)
Polysiphonia Hendryi Gardner (5000, p363) (5265,p45) (5284, p!98)
Dist: Oregon to Baja Calif. ( 5284, pi 98) (5000, p363)
Coll: • Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago ( 5265 , p45)
Hab: Epiphytic on various algae growing between 3. 5 and 1. 5
foot tide levels (5000,p363)
Tax: (5067, pi 01)
Polysiphonia macounii Hollenberg - (5267,p230)
Dist: Southern British Columbia (5267,p230)
Tax: (5041,plZO)(5298,plOO)(5081,p780)
Polysiphonia pacifica var. determinata Hollenberg - (5267,p230)
Dist: Alaska to central Calif. (5267,p230)
Tax: (5081,p778)
Polysiphonia pacifica var. distans Hollenberg - (5267,p230)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Santa Cruz, Calif. (5267,p231)
Tax: (5081,p779)
Polysiphonia pacifica var. disticha Hollenberg - (5267, p231)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to central Calif. (5267,p231)
Tax: (5081,p778)
Polysiphonia pacifica var. gracilis Hollenberg (5267,p231)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to central Calif. (5267, p231)
Tax: (5081,p778)
277
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Polysiphonia pacifica Hollenberg var. pacifica - (5267,p231) (5000,p359)
(5265,p45)(5284,p!98)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to Mexico (5267, p232)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265 , p45) (5284 ,p!98)
Hab: Growing on rocks between 2. 0 and -1. 0 foot tide levels
(5000,p360)
Tax: (5081,p777)
Polysiphonia paniculata Montagne - (5284, p!97) (5267, p232) (5265,p44)
Polysiphonia californica Harvey - (5000, p362)
Dist: British Columbia to Baja Calif. (5000,p363)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265 , P44) (5284, p!97)(5~267 , p232)
Hab: Growing on rocks between 1. 0 and -1. 5 foot tide levels.
Also dredged from a depth of 20-25 feet (5000, p362)
Tax: (5024,p224) (5178,p36); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 1142
Polysiphonia senticulosa Harvey - (5267, p233)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Monterey, Calif. (5267, p233)
Tax: (5010,p327)(5041,pl!9)(5094,p71)(5178,p35)
Polysiphonia Snyderae Kylin - (5284, pi 98)
Dist: Oregon coast (5284,p!98)
Tax: (5178,p35) (5081 ,p781); Collins et al. , 1899, Phyc. Bor. -
Amer. fasc. 13:638
Polysiphonia snyderae var. heteromorpha Hollenberg - (5267,p233)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to northern Washington (5267,p233)
Tax: (5081,p784)
Polysiphonia snyderae var. snyderae Kylin - (5267,p233)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Mexico (5267,p233)
Tax: (5178,p35)(5081,p784)
Polysiphonia urceolata f. urceolata (Dillwyn) Greville - (5267,p234)
Dist: Alaska to northern Washington (5267,p234)
Tax: (5010,p326) (5041,pll9) (5094,p71) (5298,pi 00) (5081,p774)
Porphyra abyssicola Kiellman - (5267, pi 27)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to northern Washington (5267, pi 27)
Hab: Epiphytic on Zostera (5267, pi 27)
Tax: (5084,P223) (5010,p291) (5041, p 11 2) (5094,p8)
278
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Porphyra amplissima (Kjellman) Setchell and Hus - (5083, p67) (5261', pi 21
Dist: Amaknak I. , Alaska to northern Wash. (5267, pi 28)
Hab: Upper subtidal ( 5267 , pi 28)
Tax: (5083,p67)(5084,p218)(5010,P290)(5041,pll2)(5094,p8)
Porphyropsis coccinea (J. Agardh) Rosenvinge - (5267, p!33)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267, p!33)
Hab: On subtidal worm tubes to 5-10 fathoms (5 267, pi 33)
Tax: (5176,p69)(5094,p9)
Porphyrella Gardneri Smith and Hollenberg (5000,p!75) (5267,p!32)
(5284,pi 61) (5265,p34)
Dist: From Cape Arago, Oregon to Monterey Peninsula,
Calif. (5000,p!75) (5267,p!32)
Hab: Epiphytic on lateral margins of blades of Laminaria
Andersonii and on the tips of leaflets of Egregia Menziesii
(5000,p!75)(5265,p34)
Tax: (5158,p215) '
Str. &Repro: (5158, p215)
Porphyra lanceolata (Setchell and Hus) G. M. Smith -(5000, p!70)
(5267,pi 28) (5284,pi 60)
Dist: Washington to central Calif. (5000, pi 70)
Coll: Wash: Chehalis Bay ( 5000, p!70); Ore: (5284,pl60)
(5267,pi 28)
Hab: Growing on rocks between 4. 0 and 2. 5 foot tide levels.
Appearing early in winter and persisting until late in
summer (5000,p!70)
Tax: (5158,p213)
Str. &Repro: (5170,p302)
Porphyra miniata forma cuneiformis Setchell and Hus (5000, p!74)
(5267,p!28) (5265,P34) (5284,pi 61)
Dist: Alaska to Monterey Peninsula (5000,p!75)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago ( 5265 , p34) ( 5284, pi 61)
Hab: Found cast ashore and from stomach of common fish
(Aspocotus bison) (5265,p34) (5000,pl75)
Tax: (5083,p68) (5084,p218); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 929
Str. &Repro: (5170, p302)
279
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Porphyra naiadum Anderson - (5000,pi 69) (5265,p34) (5267, pi 29) (5284, pi 60)
Dist: British Columbia to southern Calif. (5000, pi 69)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p34) (5284,pl60)
(5267,pi 29)
Hab: Epiphytic on leaves of Phyllospadix. Plants annual:
appearing early in spring and disappearing late in
autumn. Abundant wherever host is present (5000, pi 69).
Epiphytic on leaves of Zostera (5265,p34)
Tax; (5029,p67) (5084,p212) (5178,p4); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 632
Str. &Repro: (5170, p302)
Porphyra Nereocystis Anderson - (5000,p!71) (5265,p34) (5284,pl60)
(5267,pi 29)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (5000,p!71) (5267,p!30)
Coll: Oregon (5284, pl60) (5265,p34)
Hab: Epiphytic on stipes of Nereocystis Luetkeana and usually
restricted to portion 3-6 m below the pneumatocyst.
Thalli annual and generally found only from November to
June. At times present in abundance on host plants
cast ashore (5000,p!71)
Tax: (5024,p221 name only) (5029,p67) (5083, p65) (5084,p210);
Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 583
Str. &Repro: (5170,p302)
Porphyra occidentalis Setchell and Hus - (5284, pi 61 \ (5265,p34) (5000, p!74)
Dist: Central Oregon to central Calif. (5000, pi 74) (5265,p34)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265 , p34) ( 5284, pi 61 )
Hab: Growing on rocks between 0. 5 and -1. 5 foot tide levels.
Also found on stipes of Pterygophora californica cast ashore.
Tax: (5083,p69)(5084,p228)
Str. feRepro: (5170,p302)
Porphyra perforata J. G. Agardh - ( 5000, pi 72) ( 5265 , p33 ) (5267 ; pi 31)
(5284,p!6l)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (5267, pi 31) (5000, pi 72)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago ( 5265 , p33 )( 5284 , pi 61)
Hab: Common everywhere on rocks between 3. 5 and 2. 0 foot
tide levels; at times epiphytic on other algae (5000, pi72)
Tax: (5083,P63) (5084,p202) (5178,p4); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 682
Str. &Repro: (5170,p302)
280
-------
ALGAE RHODOPHYTA
Porphyra schizophylla Hollenberg - (5000,p!73) (5284, pl60)
Dist: Oregon to central Calif. (5284, pi 60) ( 5000, pi 73)
Hab: Growing near high tide level on rocks swept by heavy surf
(5000,p!73)
Tax: (5158,p213)
Str. ScRepro: (5170,p302)
Porphyra Thuretii Setchell and Dawson mss. - (5000, pi71 ) (5284, pi 61)
Dist: Oregon to Mexico (5000,p!72) (5284,pl6l)
Hab: On rocks at the 1. 0 foot tide level; also epiphytic on
Gracilaria sjoestedtii (5000, pi72)
Tax: (5083,pi 63) (5084,p!99)
Str. StRepro: (5170,p302)
Porphyra umbilicalis (Setchell and Gardner) Collins -(5267,pl31)
Dist: St. Paul Is. , Alaska, to southern- British Columbia (5267,p!31)
Hab: Intertidal ( 5267 , pi 3 1)
Tax: (5010, p289 as P_. laciniata f. umbilicalis) (5041, pi 12)
Poll. Studies: (2475,p341)
Porphyra variegata Kjellman - (5000,p!73) (5284,pl6l)
Dist: From Puget Sound to Monterey Peninsula (5000, p!74)
(5267, p!32)
Hab: Known only from specimens cast ashore (5000, pi 74);
subtidal (5265,P34) (5267,p!32)
Tax: Kjellman ex. ( 5083 , p69 )( 5084, p225); Phyc. Bor. -Amer.
No.930; (5010,p291) (5041,pl!2) (5094,p8)
Str. &Repro: (5170,p302)
Prionitis Andersonii Eaton - (5000, p246) (5265,p36)
Zanardinula Andersoniana (J. Agardh) Papenfuss (5286,p342)
Dist: Central Oregon to central Calif. (5000, p246) (5265,p36)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265, p36)
Hab: Growing between 1. 0 and -1. 5 foot tide levels on sand
covered rocks in sheltered coves (5000, p246)
Tax: Eaton in (5050,p372) name only; (5024,p222) (5029,p68)
(5178 , pi 1 ); Algae Amer. -Bor. Exsicc. No. 24
Str. &Repro: (5183,p!9)
Prionitis filiformis Kylin - (5000,p244)
Zanardinula filiformis (Kylin) Papenfuss - (5286,p342)
Dist: Southern Oregon to central Calif. (5000,p244)
Coll: Ore: Cape Arago ( 5000, p244)
281
-------
ALGAE RHODOPHYTA
Prionitis filiformis Kylin - continued
Hab: Growing on rocks between 0. 5 and -1. 0 foot tide levels
(5000,p244)
Tax: (5178,p!3)
Str. &Repro: (5183,p!9)
Prionitis lanceolata Harvey - (5000, p246) (5265,p36) (5267,pi 64)
Zanardinula lanceolata (Harvey) De Toni
Dist: British Columbia to southern Calif. (5000,p246)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay. Cape Arago ( 5265 , p36) (5267 , pi 65)
Hab: Common everywhere on rocks between 1. 0 and -1. 5 foot
tide levels. Also dredged from a depth of 40-60 feet
and from 20-25 feet (5000, p246)
Tax: (5024,p222) (5029,p68) (5183,p!9) (5178,p!2); Phyc. Bor. -
Amer. No. 199A
Str. feRepro: (5183,p!9)
Prionitis linearis Kylin - (5000, p245)
Zarnardinula Kylinii Doty - (5284, p!73)
Dist: Central to southern Calif. (5000, p245)
Hab: Growing on rocks between mean low tide and -1. 0 foot tide
levels (5000,p245)
Tax: (5178,p!2)
Str. &Repro: (5183, pi 9 )
Prionitis Lyallii Harvey - (5000,p247) (5265,p36) (5267, pl65)
Zanardinula Lyallii (Harvey) De Toni
Dist: British Columbia to Mexico (5000,p247) (5267, pi 66)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265, p36)
Hab: Growing between mean low tide and -1.0 foot tide levels
on rocks exposed to heavy surf(5000,p247)
Tax: (5072,p!73)(5010,p350)(5094,p!9)
Str. &Repro: (5183,p!9)
Pterochondria Woodii (Harvey) Hollenberg (5000,p368) (5267,p237)
(5284, P199) (5265,P45)
Dist: British Columbia to southern Calif. (5000, p368)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p45) (5284, p!99)
Hab: Regularly epiphytic on Cystoseira osmundacea; occasionally
developing on Laminariales or on foliose Florideae.
Found locally wherever Cystoseira grows but present in
abundance only during the summer and early autumn
(5000,p368)(5265,p45)
Tax: (5080,p533) (5010,p329) (5041,pi 21) (5094,p72)
Str. &Repro: (5080,p533)
282
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Pterosiphonia arctica Setchell and Gardner (5267,p235)
Dist: Alaska to northern Washington (5267, p235)
Tax: (5010,p329) (5094,p72)
Pterosiphonia Baileyi (Harvey) Falkenberg - (5000,p367)
Dist: Northern to southern Calif. (5000,p367)
Coll: Crescent City (5000,p367)
Hab: Growing on vertical face of rocks between 0. 5 and -1.0
foot tide levels. Never present in abundance. Also
dredged from a depth of 20-25 feet (5000, p367)
Tax: (5178,P38)
Str. &Repro: (5207)
Pterosiphonia bipinnata var. bipinnata (Postels and Ruprecht) Falkenberg -
(5267,p235)(5000,p366)(5284,p!98)(5265,p45)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (5000,p366)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p45) (5284, p!98)
Hab: Growing on rocks at mean low tide level (5000,p366)
Tax: (5178,p39); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. Nos. 1145,1698
Str. &Repro: (5207)
Pterosiphonia bipinnata var. robusta (Gardner) Doty - (5284, p!98)
(5267,P236)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to San Francisco, Calif. (5267, p236)
Tax: (5067,p!02)
Pterosiphonia dendroidea (Montagne) Falkenberg - (5000, p366) (5284, p!98)
(5267,P236)(5265,p45)
Dist: British Columbia to southern Calif. , Peru (5000, p366)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago ( 5265 , p45) ( 5284 , p!98)
(5267,p236)
Hab: Growing on rocks between mean low tide and -1.5 foot
tide levels. Especially abundant in crevices and on
sheltered parts of rocks. Also dredged from a depth of
20-25 feet(5000, p366)
Tax: (5178, p39)
Str. &Repro: (5207)
Pterosiphonia gracilis Kylin (5267,p237) (5265,p45) (5284, p!98)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Oregon (5267,p237)
Coll: Ore: Tunnel Pt. , at south end of Bassendorf Beach;
South Bay (5265,p45); Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p45)
(5284,p!98)
Tax: (5094,P72) (5041,p73) (5298,pi 00)
283
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Ptilota asplenioides (Esper) C. Agardh - (5267,p215)
Dist: Yakutat B. , Alaska to northern Wash. (5267,p215)
Tax: (5010,p339)
Ptilota pectinata (Gunner) Kjellman - (5267,p217)
Dist: Bering Sea to northern Washington (5267,p217)
Tax: (5010,P341) (5094,p60)
Pugetia fragilissima Kylin - (5265,p36) (5267, pi 67)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Monterey, Calif. (5267, pi 67)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p36)
Hab: Growing on vertical rocks from minus one to minus one and
one half feet levels. Cystocarpic plants in July
Tax: (5094,p31)
Rhodochorton penicilliforme (Kjellman) Rosenvinge - (5267, p!37)
Dist: Spruce I. , Alaska to northern Washington (5267, pi37)
Hab: Epiphytic on algae and worm tubes to 5-10 fathoms (5267, p!37)
Tax: (5010,p394 as Chantransia secundata) (5014,p45) (5179,p!76)
(5285,p327)
Rhodochorton subimmersum Setchell and Gardner - (5000, pi 85)
Acrochaetium subimmersum (Setchell and Gardner) Papenfuss - (5267,p!35)
Dist: Puget Sound to central Calif. (5000,p!85)
Hab: Forming conspicuous red patches on Grateloupia californica
(5000,p!85)
Tax: (5010,p347) (5179, p!91 ); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 1348; (5285 ,p318)
Str. &Repro: (5179)(5046) ( 5176 , pi 34)
Rhodochorton Rothii (Turton) Nageli (5000,p!82)
Rhodochorton purpureum (Lightfoot) Rosenvinge (5284, pl62) (5265,p34)
(5267,p!37)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (5000, pi 83)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265 , p34) ( 5267 , pi 37)
Hab: Growing at extreme high tide level in caves and on under-
side of ledges (5000,p!83)
Tax: (5179,p!77); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 56
Str. &Repro: (5179) (5046) (5176,p!34)
Rhodochorton tenue_Kylin - (5267,p!38)
Dist: Northern Washington to Santa Cruz, Calif. (5267,p!38)
Tax: (5094,p44)(5179,p!77)(5285,p328)
284
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Rhododermis Georgii (Batters) Collins - (5284,pi 67)
Dist: Oregon coast (5284,pi 67)
Tax: (5040, p!06)
Rhodoglossum affine (Harvey) Kylin - (5000,p287) .(5267,p!89) (5284, pi 81)
(5265,p40)
Dist: Oregon to southern Calif. (5000, p287) (5267, p!89)
Coll: Ore: ( 5284, pi 81); Coos Bay, Cape Arago ( 5265 , p40)
(5267,pi 89)
Hab: Growing on vertical face of rocks between 2. 0 foot and
mean low tide levels (5000,p287)
Tax: (5178,p24)
Rhodoglossum latissimum J. Agardh - (5267, p!89)
Dist: Northern British Columbia (5267,p!89)
Tax: (5010,p300) (5094,p28)
Rhodomela larix (Turner) C. A. Agardh - (5000,p374) (5267,p241)
(5284,p!96)(5265,p45)
Dist: ' Alaska to central Calif. (5000, p375)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265 , p45) (5284, pi 96)
(5267,p241)
Hab: Growing on rocks between 2. 0 and 0. 5 foot tide levels
(5000,p375)
Tax: (5024,p224) (5029,p68); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. Nos. 241 , 1 699
Rhodomela lycopodioides (Linnaeus) C. Agardh - (5267,p242)
Dist: Alaska to northern Washington (5267,p242)
Tax: (5010,p332) (5041 ,p!22)
Rhodymenia californica Kylin - (5000, p300) (5265) (5284, p!85) (5267, p!95)
Dist: Oregon to southern Calif. (5000, p301) (5267, p!95)
Coll: Oregon (5284,p!85)
Hab: Growing on vertical face of sheltered rocks between mean
low tide and -1. 5 foot tide levels. Also dredged from a
depth of 20-25 feet (5000,p301)
Tax: (5178,p27)(5202,p!35)
Str. &Repro: (5183,P30)
Rhodymenia pacifica Kylin - (5000,p301) (5267, p!96) (5265,p40) (5284, p!85)
Dist: Northern British Columbia to San Diego, Calif. (5267,pl96)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p40) (5284,p!85)
Hab: Growing on vertical face of rocks between mean low tide
and -1. 5 foot tide levels. Also dredged from a depth of
15-20 feet and 60-75 feet (5000,p301)
285
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Rhodymenia pacifica Kylin - continued
Tax: (5178,p27)(5202,P142)
Str. &Repro: (5183,p30)
Rhodymenia palmata var. mollis Setchell and Gardner -(5000,p301)
(5284,p!85)(5265,p40)(5267,p!96)
Dist: Agattu Island, Alaska to Pacific Grove, Calif. (5000,p302)
(5267, p!96)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago ( 5265 , p40) (5284 , pi 85)
Hab: On rocks in a tide pool at mean low tide level. Fifteen
feet below pneumatocyst of a thallus of Nereocystis
Luetkeana (5000,p302)
Tax: (5010,p315); Phyc. Bor. -Amer. No. 934
Str. &Repro: (5183,p30)
Rhodymenia palmata (Linnaeus) Greville f. palmata - (5267, p!97)
Dist: Aleutian Island, Alaska to northern Washington (5267,p!97)
Tax: (5010,p314)(5041,pll?)(5094,p41)(5298,plOO)
Rhodymenia pertusa (Postels and Ruprecht) J. Agardh - (5267, p!97)
(5265,p40)(5284,p!85)
Dist: Alaska to Oregon (5267, p!98)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago, Squaw Island (5265,p40)
(5284,p!85)
Hab: Cystocarpic and tetrasporic plants both have been found
in abundance two alternate years. These plants were
suspended from an overhanging rock ledge along the outer
part of the island reef, where the plants were growing at
a minus tide level.
Tax: (5010,p313)(5041,pl!8)(5094,p41)(5298,plOO)
Rhodymenia stipitata Kylin - (5267, pi 9 8)
Dist: British Columbia to northern Washington (5267,pl98)
Tax: (5094,p41)
Rhodymeniocolax botryoidea Setchell - (5267, p!99)
Dist: Northern Washington to San Diego, Calif. (5267, p!99)
Hab: Parasitic on Rhodymenia pertusa (5267, pi 99)
Tax: (5141,p394)
Sarcodiotheca furcata (Setchell and Gardner) Kylin - (5267,pl77)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to northern Washington (5267, pi 77),
Tax- (5010,P310)(5041,pl!7)(5094,p36)
286
-------
ALGAE - RHODOPHYTA
Schizymenia pacifica Kylin - (5000,p258) (5265,p37) (5284, pl?6) (5267, p!74)
Dist: Unga I. , Alaska to Mexico (5267,p!75)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p37) (5284, p!76)
Hab: Growing between mean low tide and -1. 5 foot tide levels
on top of rocks exposed to surf. Also dredged from a
depth of 30-35 feet (5000,p258)
Tax: (5178,p!7)
Str. &Repro: (5094, p21)
Serraticarolia macmillani (Yendo) Silva (5267,p!55)
Dist: Southern British Columbia to Monterey Peninsula (5267, p!55)
Stenogramma californica Harvey (5000,p276) (5267,p!84) (5265,p39)
(5284,p!80)
Dist: Puget Sound to southern Calif. (5000,p276)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (5265,p39) (5267,p!84)
Hab: Growing between 0. 5 and -1. 0 foot tide levels and either
on rocks, or in sand between rocks. Usually found only
during spring and early summer. Also dredged from
30-55 feet, and 20-25 feet (5000,p276)
Tax: (5094,p30)
Str. &Repro: (5199)
Thuretellopsis peggiana Kylin - (5267, pi 43)
Dist: Northern Washington ( 5267 , p!43)
Hab: Subtidal to 10 fathoms (5267, pi 43)
Tax: (5094, p!3)
Trailliella intricata Batters (5267,p200)
Dist: Northern Washington to Mexico (5267, p200)
Tax: (5094,p44)
Turnerella mertensiana (Postels and Ruprecht) Schmitz - (5267,p!75)
Dist: Shumagin Is. , Alaska to northern Washington (5267, pi 75)
Tax: (5010,p309) (5041 ,pl!7)
Weeksia fryeana Setchell - (5267, p!45)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267,pl45)
Tax: (5094, p!5)
Whidbeyella cartilaginea Setchell and Gardner - (5267,pl40)
Dist: Northern Washington (5267,pl40)
Hab: Subtidal (5 267 , pi 40)
Tax: (5010,P295) (5094, p!2)
287
-------
ANGIOSPERMAE
Division: ANGIQSPERMAE
Phyllospadix scouleri Hook
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (5301); B. C. to Calif. (2006)
Hab: On submerged rocks along coast of Vancouver Is. to
Calif. (3419,p73)
Phyllospadix torreyi Wats
Dist: California (2006)
Hab: On rocks along coast(3419,p73)
Zoster a marina Linnaeus
Dist: Washington to Calif. (2006)
Hab: In bays and along coasts (3419) (5301)
Zostera marina var. latifolia Marong
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2006)
PHYLUM PROTOZOA
The Protozoans have not been well studied in our study area.
The only group that seems to be well reviewed is the Foraminifera
which is covered by several publications (2399,2542,2547,2549). There
are no general reviews of the literature for other groups from the
study area but rather extensive studies to the north and south. Those
to the north have been included (2555,2556,2557,2661,2681,2682,2683)
but those to the south have not. Time has not permitted us to study
the many papers by Kofoid and his associates to the south, nor have we
searched for isolated descriptions from the study area. The class
Sporozoa has been completely omitted.
Class: SARCODINA
Order: Lobosa
Suborder: Amoebaea
Metachaos fulvum Schaeffer - (2555,p3)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay, False Narrows (2555,p3)
Hab: Among algae (2555,p3)
Striolatus tardus Schaeffer - (2555,p4)
Coll: B.C.: Cortes Island, Departure Bay (2555, p4)
Hab: Among algae on the beaches (2555,p4)
288
-------
PROTOZOA - SARCODINA - Amoebaea
Trichamoeba gumia Schaeffer - (2555,p3)
Coll: B. C. ° Departure Bay (2555, p3 )
Hab: On Zostera and algae (2555, p3)
Vexillifera vacillans Wailes - (2555,p4)
Coll: B.C.: Nanaimo district (2555 , p4)
Hab: In cultures of algae (2555,p4)
Suborder - Conchulina
Cyphoderia ampulla (Ehrenb. ) - (2555,p5)
Coll: B. C. : Strait of Georgia on or near the shore (2555, p5)
Cyphoderia ampulla f. laevis Wailes - (2555, p5)
Coll: B. C. : Off Cortes Island, Strait of Georgia, rare (2555, p5)
Cyphoderia ampulla var. vitraea Wailes - (2555,p5)
Coll: B. C. : Camp Island, Strait of Georgia (2555,p5)
Hab: Among algae on the beach, rare (2555,p5)
Euglypha ciliata (Ehrenb. ) -(2555,p4)
Coll: B. C. : Strait of Georgia, near the shore and in brackish
water (2555, p4)
Euglypha laevis (Ehrenb. ) - (2555,p5)
Coll: B. C. : Strait of Georgia, near the shore (2555, p5)
Order: Reticulosa
Suborder: Foraminifera
Adercotryma glomerata - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Allogromia ovoidea Rhumbler (2555,p6)
Coll: B. C. : Departure Bay, on float (2555, p6)
Hab: Among algae, etc. (2555.p6)
Alveolophragmium advenum - (2399,p68)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Pt. Conception, Calif. (2399,p68)
Hab: Sand, >100'(2399,p68)
289
-------
PROTOZOA SARCODINA - Foraminifera
Alveolophragmium columbiensis - (2399>p68)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399,p68)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0->100' (2399,p68)
Ammobaculites exiguus - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Ammodiscus minutissimus - (2547) (2549)
Coll: Oregon (2547); 50-100 m(2549,p36)
Ammonia beccarii (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Ammotium salsum - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Angulogerina angulosa group - (2399;p&8)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399,p68)
Hab: Sand and rock; 0->100' (2399,p68)
Asterellina puchella (Parker, 1952) -(2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Astrononion gallowayi Loeblich and Tappan, 1953 - (2547) (2549)
Coll: Oregon (2547); 50-1 00 m (2549 : p36)
Bolivina advena Cushman, 1925 - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Bolivina compacta - (2399,p68)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399,p68)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0-100' (2399,p68)
Bolivina interjuncta bicostata Cushman - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Bolivina pacifica - (2399,p68)
Dist: Juan de fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399,p68)
Hab: Sand; 100'->100' (2399, p68)
Bolivina pseudoplicata - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
290
-------
PROTOZOA - SARCODINA - Foraminifera
Bolivina spissa Cushman, 1926 - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Bolvinita minuta (Natland. 1938) (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Buccella sp. -(2547) (2549 ,p36)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Buccella frigida depressa Andersen, 1952 - (2547) (2549;p36)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Hab: 17-50 m, indicative of shallow shelf fauna (2549,p36)
Buccella frigida frigida (Cushman, 1922) - (2547) (2549,p36)
Coll: Oregon (2547) (2549)
Hab: 17-100m, indicative of shallow shelf fauna (2549,p36)
Buccella tenerrima - (2399,p68) (2549, p36)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399;p68)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0-100' (2399 ,p68); 17-1 00 m, indicative of
shallow shelf fauna (2549,p36)
Buliminella elegantissima - (2399,p68) (2549,p36)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399,p68)
Coll: Ore: rocky area off Cape Arago (2549,p36)
Hab: Sand; 0->100' (2399,p68); 17-100 m(2549,p36)
Buliminella exilis tenuata - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Cassidella sp. -(2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Cassidulina sp. - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Cassidulina californica - (2547) (2549)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Hab:. 50-100 m; becomes dominant (2549 , p3 6)
Cassidulina delicata Cushman, 1927 - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
291
-------
PROTOZOA - SARCODINA - Foraminifera
Cassidulina depressa - (2547) (2549,p36)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Hab: 50-1 00 m (2549 , p36)
Cassidulina limbata - (2399,p68) (2549,p36)
Dist: Oregon to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399,p68) (2549)
Coll: Oregon (2549)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0->100' (2399,p68); 50-100 m; becomes
dominant (2549,p36)
Cassidulina minuta - (2547) (2549,p36)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Hab: 50-100 m; becomes dominant (2549 , p36)
Cassidulina subglobosa group - (2399,p68)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399,p68)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0->100' (2399, p68)
Cassidulina teretis Tappan, 1961 - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Cassidulina tortuosa - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Cassidulinoides rotundata - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Chilostomella ovoidea Reuss, 1850 - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Civicides sp. -(2399,p70)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Pt. Conception, Calif. (2399,p70)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0->1 00'(2399 , p70)
Cibicides fletcheri - (2547) (2549,p36)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Hab: 17-100 m; becomes dominant ( 2549 , p36)
Cibicides lobatulus - (2547) (2549,p36)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Pt. Conception, Calif. (2399,p68)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Hab: Rock and sand, 0->100' (2399,p68); 17-100 m; becomes
dominant (2549,p36)
292
-------
PROTOZOA - SARCODINA - Foraminifera
Cibicides phlegeri Uchio, I960 - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Cyclogyra incerta (D'Orbigny, 1839) -(2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Dencrophyra arborescens - (2547) (2549)
Coll: Oregon (2547); 50-100 m(2549,p36)
Dentalina sp. - ( 2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Dentalina ittai Loeblich and Tappan, 1953 (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Discorbis columbiensis (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Discorbis ornatissimus - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Dyocibicides biseriolis - (2399;p70)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399,p70)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0->100' (2399,p70)
Dyocibicides cf. D_. perforata - (2399, p70)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399,p70)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0->100' (2399;p70)
Eggerella advena - (2399;p70) (2549,p36)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399,p70)
Hab: Rock and sand; 40->100' (2399,p70); 17-100 m (2549,p36)
Eggerella scrippsi (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Eilohedra levicula (Resig, 1958) (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Elphidiella hannai - (2399,p70) (2549,p36)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Pt. Conception, Calif. (2399,p70)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0->100' (2399,p70); 17-50 m (2549,p36);
indicative of shallow shelf fauna (2549,p36)
293
-------
PROTOZOA - SARCOD1NA - Foraminifera
Elphidium cf. E. clavatum - (2399,p70)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Pt. Conception, Calif. (2399,p70)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0->100' (2399, p70)
Elphidium cri spurn (2399, p70)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399,p70)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0-100' (2399,p70)
Elphidium frigidum - (2399,p70) (2549,p36)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Pt. Conception, Calif. (2399,p70)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0-100' (2399,p70); 17-50 m (2549,p36)
Elphidium incertum - (2547) (2549,p36)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Hab: 17-50 m (2549,p36); indicative of shallow shelf fauna (2549, p36)
Elphidium lene (2399,p70)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399,p70)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0->100' (2399,p70)
Elphidium magellanicum - (2547) (2549;p36)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Hab: 17-100 m, rocky area off Cape Arago (2549 ;p36)
Elphidium microgranulosum - (2547) (2549,p36)
Coll: Oregon (2547); 1 7-1 00 m (2549 , p36)
Elphidium oregonense Cushman and Grant, 1927 - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Elphidium subarcticum - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Elphidium translucens - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Elphidium tumidum - (2399,p70)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399,p70)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0-100' (2399, p70)
Epistominella exigua - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
294
-------
PROTOZOA - SARCODINA - Foraminifera
E pi s to mine 1 la pacifica pacifica (Cushman, 1927) - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Eponides columbiensis - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Eponides repandus (Fitchel and Moll, 1798) -(2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Fissurina lucida - (2399,p70)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399, p70)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0-100' (2399, p70)
Fissurina marginata (Montagu, 1803) - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Gaudryina arenaria - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Gaudryina subglabrata (2547) (2549,p36)
Coll: Oregon (2547); 50-100 m (2549,p36)
Glabratella cnariottensis - (2399,p70)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399, p70)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0->100' (2399, p70)
Glabratella opercularis - (2399,p70)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399,p70)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0->100r (2399 ;p70)
Globifferina sp. - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Globigerina bulloides - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Globigerina pachyderma (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Globigerina quinqueloba - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Globigerinita uvula - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
295
-------
PROTOZOA - SARCODINA - Foraminifera
Globobulimina auriculata - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Globobulimina jgacjifica (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Glomospira gordialis (Jones and Parker, I860) - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Goesella flintii Cushman, 1936 - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Gordiospira fragilis Heron-Allen and Earland - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Guttulina sp. (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Gyroidina altiformin Stewart and Stewart - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Hanzawaia nitidula - (2399,p70)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399,p70)
Hab: Sand; 0->100' (2399,p70)
Haplophragmoides adyena (2547) (2549,p36)
Coll: Oregon (2547); 50-1 00 m (2549 , p36)
Haplophragmoides cplumbiensis columbiensis - (2547) (2549,p36)
Coll: Oregon (2547); 50-100 m (2549,p36)
Haplophragmoides columbiensis evolutus - (2547) (2549,p36)
Coll: Oregon (2547); 50-100 m (2549,p36)
Haplophragmoides hancocki - (2547) (2549,p36)
Coll: Oregon (2547); 50-100 m (2549,p36)
Haplophragmoides subglobosus Cushman, 1910 - (2547) (2549,p36)
Coll: Oregon (2547); 50-100 m (2549,p36)
Hippocrepinella alba Heron-Allen and Earland, 1932 - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
296
-------
PROTOZOA - SARCODINA - Foraminifera
Lagena apiopleura Loeblich and Tappan (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Lagena clavata - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Lagena distoma - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Lagena flexa Cushman and Gray, 1946 - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Lagena gracilis (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Lagena gracillima - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Lagena hispida Reuss (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Lagena laevis - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Lagena nebulosa - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Lagena semilineata Wright, 1886 -(2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Lagena striata - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Lagena striatopunctata - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Lagena sulcata peculiaris Cushman (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Lagena sulcata sulcata - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
297
-------
PROTOZOA - SARCODINA - Foraminifera
Lenticulina sp. - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Loxostomum pseudobeyrichi - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Martinottiella nodulosa (Cushman, 1922) - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Miliammina fusca - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Milioinella californica - (2399,p72)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399;p72)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0->100' (2399,p72)
Nonionella auricula - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Nonionella basispinata - (2399,p72)
Dist; Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399,p72)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0->100' (2399,p72)
Nonionella labrodorica - (2547) (2549,p36)
Coll: Oregon (2547); 50-1 00 m (2549 ; p36)
Nonionella miocenica stella - (2547) (2549,p36)
Coll: Oregon (2547); 50-100 m (2549 , p36)
Nonionella scapha basispinata - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Nonionella stella - (2399,p72)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399,p72)
Hab: Rock and sand; 40->100' (2399, p72)
Nonionella turgida digitata (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Nouria polymorphinoides - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
298
-------
PROTOZOA - SARCODINA - Foraminifera
Oolina lineata (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Oolina melo - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Patellina corrugata - (2399.p72)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399, p72)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0-100' (2399,p72)
Patellinoides conica Heron-Allen and Earland (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Pateoris hauerinoides - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Pateoris suborbicularis - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Pionorbulina ocervalis - (2399;p72)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399,p72)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0-100' (2399,p72)
Polymorphina charlottensis Cushman, 1925 - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Poroeponides cribrorepandus - (2399;p72)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399, p72)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0-100' (2399,p72)
Pullenia salisburyi Stewart and Stewart - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Pyrgo sp. - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Quinqueloculina akneriana bellatula Bandy, 1950 - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547), Juan de Fuca, Wash. (2399,p72)
Hab: Rock and sand, 0->100' (2399,p72)
Quinqueloculina dutemplei D'orbigny, 1846 -(2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
299
-------
PROTOZOA - SARCODINA - Foraminifera
Quinqueloculina elongata - (2399,p72)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399,p72)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0->100' (2399;p72)
Quinqueloculina lamarkiana - (2399, p74)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399,p74)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0->100' (2399,p74)
Quinqueloculina sabulosa - (2399,p74)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399, p74)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0->100' (2399,p74)
Quinqueloculina stalkeri Loeblich and Tappan, 1953 - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Recurvoides turbinatus - (2547) (2549)
Coll: Oregon (2547); 50-1 00 m (2549 , p36)
Reophax agglutans Cushman, 1913 - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Reophax curtus - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Reophax dentalinaformis - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Reophax horridus Cushman, 1912 - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Reophax nanus - (2399,p74)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399;p74)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0-100' (2399,p74)
Reophax scorpiurus - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Reophax scotti Chaster, 1890-91 - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Reophax subdentalinaformis Parr. 1950 - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
300
-------
PROTOZOA - SARCODINA - Foraminifera
Rhizammina algeformis Brady, 1879 - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Robertinoides charlottensis (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Rosalina columbiensis ( 2399 .-p74) ( 2549 , p36)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399,p74)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0-100' (2399,p74); 50-100 m (2549,p36)
Rotorbinella campanulata - (2399,p74)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399;p74)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0->100' (2399, p74)
Saccammina atlantica (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Scutoloris cf. teg minis Loeblich and Tappan, 1953 - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Sigmoilina cf. tenuis (Czjzek) (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Spirillina cf. S_. obconica (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Spiroplectammina biformis - (2547) (2549,p36)
Coll: Oregon (2547); 50 -1 00 m (2549 , p36)
Streblus beccarii (2399, p74)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399 , p74)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0-100' (2399, p74)
Suggrunda eckisi (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Textularia earlandi - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Textularia gracillima (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
301
-------
PROTOZOA - SARCODINA Foraminifera
Textularia sandiegoensis Uchio, I960 - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Thalmanammina parkerae (Uchio, I960) - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Trichohyolus ornatissima - (2399,p74)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Pt. Conception, Calif. (2399,p74)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0-100' (2399,p74)
Trifarina angulosa - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Trifarina baggi - (2547) (2549,p36)
Coll: Oregon (2547); 50-1 00 m (2549 , p36)
Triloculina oblonga (Montagu, 1803) -(2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Triloculina trigonula (Lamarck, 1804) -(2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Triloculina trihedra Loeblich and Tappan, 1953 - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Trochammina arctica - (2547) (2549,p36)
Coll: Oregon (2547); 50-1 00 m ( 2549 , p36)
Trochammina charlottensis - (2399,p74) (2549,p36)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399,p74)
Coll: Oregon, 50-100 m (2549,p36)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0->100' (2399, p74)
Trochammina discorbis Earland, 1934 - (2547) (2549,p36)
Coll: Oregon (2547); 50-1 00 m (2549 , p36)
Trochammina inflata - (2547) (2549)
Coll: Oregon (2547); 50-1 00 m (2549 , p36)
Trochammina kellettae - (2399,p74) (2549,p36)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (2399,p74)
Coll: Oregon, 50-1 00 m (2549 , p36)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0->100' (2399.p74)
302
-------
PROTOZOA - SARCODINA Aphrothoracidae
Trochammina macrescens - (2547) (2549;p36)
Coll: Oregon (2547); 50-1 00 m (2549 , p36)
Trochammina ochracea - (2547) (2549)
Coll: Oregon (2547); 50-1 00 m ( 2549 ; p36)
Trochammina pacifica - (2399,p74) (2549)
Dist: Juan de Fuca, Wash, to Cabo San Lucas. Mexico (2399,p74)
Hab: Rock and sand; 0->100' (2399:p74); 50-1 00 m (2549 : p36)
Trochammina squamiformis - (2547) (2549,p36)
Coll: Oregon (2547); 50-1 00 m (2549 , p36)
Turritellella shoneana - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Uvigerina juncea (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Uvigerina peregrina - (2547)
Coll: Oregon (2547)
Order: Heliozoa
Suborder: Aphrothoracidae
Actinolophus pedunculatus F. E. Schulze - (2555,p7)
Coll: B. C. : Nanoose harbour and Gabriola Pass, Strait of Georgia
(2555,p7)
Hab: In shallow water attached to diatoms (Melosira) (2555,p7)
Actinophrys sol Ehrenb. - (2555, p7)
Coll: B. C. : Departure Bay and Strait of Georgia (2555, p7)
Hab: In algae infusions (2555,p7)
Microsol borealis (Meresch. ) Dons. - (2555,p7)
Coll: B. C. : Departure Bay, Puget Sound (2555.p7)
Hab: Attached to algae, shells, etc. (2555,p7)
303
-------
PROTOZOA - SARCODINA - Chalarothoracidae
Suborder: Chalarothoracidae
Acanthocystis brevicirrhis (Perty) - (2555,p9)
Coll: B. C. : Deep Bay, Burrard inlet, near the outfall from
Lake Buntzen ( 2555, p9)
Acanthocystis spinifera Greeff - (2555,p9)
Coll: B. C. : Barkley Sound, Strait of Georgia (2555.p9)
Hab: Often numerous during August and September (2555,p9)
Heterophrys marina Her twig and Lesser - (2555, p8)
Coll: B.C.: Barkley Sound, Strait of Georgia (2555 , p8)
Hab: Scarce (2555,p8)
Wagnerella borealis Mereschkowsky - (2555,p8)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia, Barkley Sound (2555 , p8)
Hab: Dredged from 10-20 fathoms, often numerous locally (2555, p8)
Order: Radiolaria
Acanthometron pellucidum J. Mliller - (2555,p!2)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, not uncommon (2555,pi 2)
Cenosphaera polygonalis Haeckel - (2555,plO)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay, February ( 2555 , pi 0)
Cenosphaera proserpinae Haeckel - (2555,pi 0)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay, February and March (2555 , pi 0)
Challengeron depauperatum Wailes (2555,p!4)
Coll: B. C. : Off the coast of Vancouver Island throughout the
year; common on the west coast, rare on the east
coast (2555,p!4)
Dictyophimus histricosus Joergensen - (2555,pl3)
Coll: B. C. : Off the west coast of Vancouver Island throughout
the year; scarce; Strait of Georgia in the winter months,
rare (2555,p!3)
304
-------
PROTOZOA - SARCODINA - Radiolaria
Hexastylus triaxonius Haeckel - (2555, pi 1 )
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia , March ( 2555 , pi 1)
Lithomelissa setosa Joergensen - (2555,p!3)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, common (2555, pi 3)
Phormacantha hystrix (Joergensen) -(2555,pl2)
Coll: B. C. : Strait of Georgia, December and March (2555,p!2)
Plectacantha oikiskos Joergensen - (2555,p!2)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia, March (2555 , pi 2)
Protocystis aurita Wallich - (2555, pi4)
Coll: B. C. : West coast of Vancouver Island, rare (2555,pl4)
Protocystis tridens (Haeckel) - (2555,p!4)
Coll: B. C. : East and west coasts of Vancouver Island throughout
the year (2555,p!4)
Rhizoplegma boreale (Cleve) Joergensen - (2555, pi 1)
Coll: B. C. : Strait of Georgia , February and March ( 2555 , pi 1)
Class: MASTIGOPHORA
Amphidinium. eras sum Lohmann - (2556, pi 5)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia , rare (2556, pi 5)
Amphidinium ovoideum Lemmermann - (2556, pi 6)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay ( 2556, pi 6)
Hab: Tide pools, numerous in March (2556, pi 6)
Anisonema acinus Dujardin (2556,p8)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay ( 2556, p8)
Hab: Among shore algae, marine and freshwater (2556,p8)
Anisonema vitraea (Dujardin) - (2556,p8)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay ( 2556 , p8)
Hab: Among algae, marine and freshwater (2556,p8)
305
-------
PROTOZOA - MASTIGOPHORA
Bicosoeca gracillipes James Clark - (2556,p6)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay ( 2556 , p6)
Hab: On brown algae (2556,p6)
Bicosoeca pocillum Saville Kent - (2556,p6)
Coll: B.C.: Nanaimo, False Narrows Reef (2556, p6)
Hab: On diatoms (2556, p6)
Bodo caudatus (Dujardin) - (2556,p3)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay ( 2556 , p3)
Hab: Among algae (2556,p3)
Bodo lens (O. F. Miiller) - (2556, p3)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay ( 2556, p3)
Hab: In algal infusions and decaying matter, in plankton (2556,p3)
Bodo rostratus (Saville Kent) - (2556,p3)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay ( 2556 , p3)
Hab: Among algae and in plankton (2556,p3)
Ceratium azoricum Cleve - (2556, p44)
Coll; B. C. : Off the west coast of Vancouver Island, not common
(2556,p44)
Ceratium divaricaturn Lemmermann - (2556,p44)
Coll: B. C. : Off the west coast of Vancouver Island, common;
Strait of Georgia, rare (2556,p44)
Ceratium furca (Ehrenberg) - (2556,p44)
Coll: B. C. : On occasions is the dominant species in the neritic
plankton (2556,p44)
Ceratium fusus (Ehrenberg) - (2556,p42)
Coll: B.C.: Generally distributed, abundant (2556 , p42)
Ceratium hi run dine lla (O. F. Miiller) - (2556,p42)
Coll: B.C.: (2556)
Hab: A polymorphic freshwater species found near the mouths
of rivers, scarce in a marine habitat (2556,p42)
Ceratium hirundinella var. carinthaceum Zederbauer - (2556, p43)
Coll: B. C. : Forward inlet, Quatsino Sound, scarce (2556,p43)
306
-------
PROTOZOA - MASTIGOPHORA
Ceratium horridum Gran - (2556,p45)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed but not abundant (2556, p45)
Ceratium lineatum (Ehrenberg) - (2556,p43)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, sometimes numerous (2556,p43)
Ceratium longpipes (Bailey) - (2556,p45)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed but not common (2556,p45)
Ceratium macroceros (Ehrenberg) (2556,p45)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, often abundant (2556,p45)
Ceratium pentagonum Gourret - (2556,p43)
Coll: B. C. : Off the west coast of Vancouver Island, not uncommon
(2556,P43)
Ceratium tripos var. atlantica Ostenfeld (2556, p44)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, often plentiful but never found
dominant in the plankton (2556,p44)
Cochlodinium archimedes (Pouchet) - (2556,p21)
Coll: B. C.: Off Cortes Island, Strait of Georgia, June (2556, p21)
Cochlodinium catena turn Okamura - ( 2556 , p21 )
Coll: B. C. : Off Cortes Island, August ( 2556 , p21 )
Cochlodinium conspiratum Kofoid and Swezy (2556,p21)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia (2556 , p21 )
Cochlodinium vinctum Kofoid and Sweqy - ( 2556 , p21 )
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia ( 2556 , p21 )
Codonoeca gracilis Calkins - (2556, p5)
Coll: B. C.: Gabriola Pass (2556,p5)
Hab: On algae ( 2556 , p5)
Cryptochrysis polychrysis Pascher - (2556,p7)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay off wharf (2556 , p7)
Hab-: In plankton (2556,p7)
Dictyocha fibula var. longispina Lemmermann - (2556,p9)
Coll: B. C. (2556)
Hab: Not uncommon in neritic plankton (2556,p9)
307
-------
PROTOZOA - MASTIGOPHORA
Dinobryon balticum Schiitt - (2556, p8)
Coll: B.C.: Kyuquot Sound (2556, p8)
Hab: In brackish water near the head (2556,p8)
Dinophysis acuminata Claparede and Lachman - (2556,p24)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, often numerous (2556,p24)
Dinophysis acuta Ehrenberg - (2556, p25)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, occasionally numerous (2556,p25)
Dinophysis ellipsoides Kofoid - (2556,p24)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, often abundant off west coast
of Vancouver Island (2556,p24)
Dinophysis hastata Stein - (2556,p24)
Coll: B. C. : Off east and west coasts of Vancouver Island, scarce
(2556, p24)
Dinophysis lenticulata Pavillard - (2556, p24)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed (2556,p24)
Dinophysis norvegica Claparede and Lachmann - (2556, p24)
Coll; B. C. : Generally distributed but not numerous (2556,p24)
Dinophysis parva Schiller (2556, p25)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, sometimes numerous (2556, p25)
Hab: In neritic plankton (2556,p25)
Dinophysis rotunda ta var. intermedia Lindemann - (2556, p25)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay, rare (2556 , p25)
Dinophysis tripoj^ Gouret - (2556, p23)
Coll: B. C. : Off west coast of Vancouver Island, scarce; Strait
of Georgia, rare ( 2556 , p23)
Diplopeltopsis mincxr Lebour - (2556,p29)
Coll: B.C.: Generally distributed, common (2556, p29)
Diplopeltopsis minor var. occidentalis Wailes - (2556,p29)
Coll: B.C.: West coast of Vancouver Island, scarce (2556, p29)
308
-------
PROTOZOA - MASTIGOPHORA
Pistephanus octangulatus Wailes -(2556,plO)
Coll: B.C.: Off west coast of Vancouver Island ( 2556 , pi 0)
Hab: Found in pilchards (2556, pi 0)
Distenphanus pentagonus Wailes - (2556,plO)
Coll: B. C. : Caught off west coast of Vancouver Island (2556, pi 0)
Hab: Found in pilchards (2556,plO)
Distephanus speculum (Ehrenberg) - (2556,p9)
Coll: B.C.: (2556)
Hab: In the neritic plankton, not very common (2556, p9)
Distephanus speculum var. regularis Lemmermann - (2556,p9)
Coll: B. C. : (2556)
Hab: Common in neritic plankton, spores rare (2556,p9)
Ebria tripartita (Schumberger) - (2556,plO)
Coll: B.C.: (2556)
Hab: Generally distributed in neritic plankton, not uncommon
. (2556,plO)
Exuviella apora Schiller - (2556, pi 1)
Coll: B.C.: West coast of Vancouver Island (2556 , pi 1)
Glenodinium danicum Paulsen - (2556,p25)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, plentiful (2556, p25)
Gonyaulax alaskensis Kofoid - (2556, p27)
Coll: B.C.: Generally distributed, scarce ( 2556, p27 )
Gonyaulax digitale (Pouchet) - (2556,p28)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, not uncommon off west coast
of Vancouver Island (2556,p28)
Gonyaulax longispina Lebour (2556,p27)
Coll: B.C.: West coast of Vancouver Island, rare (2556, p27)
Gonyaulax poly gramma Stein - (2556,p28)
Coll: B. C. : West coast of Vancouver Island, scarce (2556, p28)
Gonyaulax scrippsae Kofoid - (2556,p28)
Coll: B. C. : Strait of Georgia, west coast of Vancouver Island,
rare (2556,p28)
309
-------
PROTOZOA MASTIGOPHORA
Gonyaulax spinifera (Claparade and Lachmann) - (2556,p28)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, occasionally numerous
(2556,p28)
Gonyaulax tricantha Joergensen - (2556,p27)
Coll: B.C.: Generally distributed, scarce (2556, p27)
Gymnodium abbreviatum Kofoid and Swezy - (2556, pi 8)
Coll: B. C. : Numberous off Camp Island, Strait of Georgia,
July and August (2556,p!8)
Gymnodinium arcticum Wulff - (2556, pi 8)
Coll: B. C. : Off Cortes Island, Strait of Georgia, rare (2556,p!8)
Gymnodinium bicorne Kofoid and Swezy - (2556, pi 8)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, scarce (2556,p!8)
Gymnodinium flavum Kofoid and Swezy - (2556 , pi 7 )
Coll: B. C. : Departure Bay, June to August (2556,p!7)
Gymnodinium heterostriatum Kofoid and Swezy - (2556,p!7)
Coll: B. C. : Off Cortes Island, Strait of Georgia (2556, p!7)
Gymnodinium lunula Schutt - (2556,p!8)
Coll; B. C. : Generally distributed, sometimes numerous (2556,p!8)
Gymnodinium multistriatum Kofoid and Swezy - (2556, pi 7)
Coll: B. C. : Off Cortes Island, Strait of Georgia, July and
August(2556,p!7)
Gymnodinium rubrum Kofoid and Swezy - (2556, pi 6)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia (2556 , pi 6)
Gymnodinium scopulosum Kofoid and Swezy (2556,p!8)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia, not uncommon (2556 , pi 8)
Gymnodinium splendens Lebour - (2556,p!7)
Coll: B.C.: Generally distributed, common (2556, pi 7)
Gymnodinium variabile C. Herdmann - (2556, pi 7)
Coll: B. C. : Off Cortes Island, rare (2556,p!7)
310
-------
PROTOZOA - MASTIGOPHORA
Gyrodinium corallinum Kofoid and Swezy - (2556,p!8)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia ( 2556 , pi 8)
Gyrodinium fulvum Kofoid and Swezy - (2556,p20)
Coll: B. C. : Strait of Georgia, not uncommon July and August
(2556,p20)
Gyrodinium glaucum Lebour - (2556,p20)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia (2556 , p20)
Gyrodinium ochraceum Kofoid and Swezy (2556, p!9)
Coll: B.C.: Off Cortes Island ( 2556 , pi 9 )
Gyrodinium pepo (Schutt) - (2556,p20)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia ( 2556 , p20)
Gyrodinium pingue (Schutt) - (2556,p20)
Coll: B. C. : Strait of Georgia, not uncommon (2556,p20)
Gyrodinium postmaculatum Kofoid and Swezy - (2556,p20)
Coll: B. C. : Off Cortes Island, numerous in July and August,
Departure Bay, rare (2556,p20)
Gyrodinium spirale (Bergh) - (2556,p!9)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia , common ( 2556 , p!9 )
Minuscula bipes (Paulsen) - (2556,p41)
Coll: B.C.: Generally distributed, scarce ( 2556 , p41 )
Monosiga ovata Saville - (2556,p3)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay, Gabriola Pass (2556,p3)
Hab: On algae, diatoms, etc. (2556,p3)
Nematodinium armatum Dogiel - (2556,p!3)
Coll: B. C. : Strait of Georgia, common in summer (2556, pi 3)
Noctiluca scintillans (Macartney) - (2556,p!5)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed (2556, p!5); occasionally so
numerous as to color large areas a reddish or pinkish
hue, their remains forming windrows on beaches. This
species is well known for its luminescent qualities (2556, pi 5)
Hab: Pelagic (2556,pi 5)
311
-------
PROTOZOA - MASTIGOPHORA
Oxyrrhis marina Dujardin - (2556,p7)
Coll: B.C.: Nanoose Bay, 1 0-1 5 fathoms , Departure Bay (2556, p7)
Oxytoxum diploconus var. fusiform!s Okamura -(2556,p41)
Coll: B.C.: Generally distributed, scarce ( 2556, p41)
Peridiniopsis asymmetrica Mangin - (2556,p29)
Coll: B.C.: Generally distributed, common (2556, p29)
Peridiniopsis rotunda Lebour - (2556,p29)
Coll: B.C.: Gene-rally distributed, scarce (2556 , p29 )
Perdinium achromaticum Levander - (2556,p34)
Coll: B.C.: Generally distributed, seldom numerous ( 2556, p34)
Peridinium asperum Wailes - (2556,p40)
Coll: B. C. : Off the west coast of Vancouver Island, sometimes
abundant, not recorded from elsewhe re (2556,p40)
Peridinium aveliana Meunier - (2556,p32)
Coll: B. C. : Off west coast of Vancouver Island, scarce except
occasionally (2556,p32)
Peridinium brevipes Paulsen - (2556,p40)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, scarce (2556,p40)
Peridinium cerasus Paulsen - (2556,p40)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, not numerous (2556,p40)
Peridinium claudicans Paulsen - (2556,p36)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, sometimes numerous (2556,p37)
Peridinium conicoides Paulsen - (2556,p33)
Coll: B.C.: Generally distributed, numerous ( 2556 , p33)
Peridinium conicum (Gran) - (2556,p34)
Coll: B.C.: Generally distributed, numerous (2556, p34)
Peridinium crassipes Kofoid - (2556,p38)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, often numerous off west coast
of Vancouver Island (2556, p38)
312
-------
PROTOZOA - MASTIGOPHORA
Peridinium decipiens Joergensen - (2556,p31)
Coll: B.C.: Off west coast of Vancouver Island, rare ( 2556, p31)
Peridinium depressum Bailey (2556,p35)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, dominant species in Canadian
Pacific area, persistent throughout year (2556, p35)
Peridinium discoides Wailes - (2556,p31)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, sometimes abundant (2556,p31)
Peridinium divergens Ehrenberg -(2556,p38)
Coll: B. C. : Off west coast of Vancouver Island, not uncommon;
Strait of Georgia, scarce (2556, p38)
Peridinium excentricum Paulsen ( 2556, p 30.)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, often abundant off west coast
of Vancouver Island (2556,p30)
Peridinium. faeroense Paulsen - (2556, p34)
Coll: B.C.: Generally distributed, rare (2556, p34)
Peridinium grani Ostenfeld - (2556,p38)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, sometimes numerous (2556,p38)
Peridinium leonis Pavillard - (2556,p33)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, numerous (2556, p33)
Peridinium micrapium Meunier (2556,p39)
Coll: B.C.: Generally distributed, abundant (2556 , p39 )
Peridinium minutum Kofoid - (2556, p32)
Coll: B.C.: Generally distributed (2556, p32)
Peridinium monocanthus Broch (2556,p39)
Coll; B.C.: Strait of Georgia, Barkley Sound, scarce ( 2556 , p39)
Peridinium monospinum Paulsen - (2556,p32)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed (2556, p32)
Peridinium oblongum (Aurivillius) (2556,p36)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, abundant; usually in association
-with P. depressum. ( 2556, p36)
313
-------
PROTOZOA -MASTIGOPHORA
Peridinium obtusum Karsten - (2556,p36)
Coll: B.C.: Generally distributed, common (2556 , p36)
Peridinium ovatum var. minor Cleve - (2556,p38)
Coll: B.C.: Generally distributed, not numerous ( 2556 , p38)
Peridinium pallidum Ostenfeld - (2556,p40)
Coll: B.C.: Generally distributed, common (2556 , p40)
Peridinium pellucidum ( Bergh) - (2556,p41)
Coll: B.C.: Generally distributed, common (2556 , p41)
Peridinium pentagonum Gran - (2556,p34)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, sometimes numerous (2556,p34)
Peridinium punctulatum Pauls en - (2556,p37)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, not common (2556,p37)
Peridinium saltans Meunier - (2556,p35)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, scarce (2556,p35)
Peridinium subcurvipes Lebour - (2556,p39)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia, rare (2556,p39)
Peridinium subinerme Paul sen - (2556,p33)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed (2556,p33)
Peridinium subpunctulatum Wailes - (2556,p37)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, not common, not recorded
from elsewhere (2556,p37)
Peridinium thorianum Paulsen - (2556,p31)
Coll: B.C.: Generally distributed, common (2556, p31 )
Peridinium triqueta (Stein) - (2556,p31)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, spores sometimes occur in
large numbers (2556, p31)
Peridinium trochoideum (Stein) (2556,p34)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed. Occasionally large areas of
water are colored reddish by presence of vast numbers of
this species (2556, p34)
314
-------
PROTOZOA - MASTIGOPHORA
Phalacroma rotundatum Claparede and Lachman - (2556,pZ3)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, common (2556,p23)
Podolampas palmipes Stein (2556,p45)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia , rare ( 2556, p45)
Polykrikos kofoidi Chatton - (2556, pi 2)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed (2556, pi 2)
Polykrikos schwartzi Butschli - (2556,p!3)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed (2556, p!3)
Polypeca dichotoma Saville Kent - (2556,p5)
Coll: B. C. : (2565)
Pouchetia maxima Kofoid and Swezy - (2556,p!4)
Coll: B.C.: Off Cortes lalsnd ( 2556 , p!4 )
Pouchetia panamensis Kofoid - (2556,p!4)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia ( 2556 , p!4)
Pouchetia rubescens Kofoid and Swezy - (2556,pl4)
Coll: B.C.: Off Cortes Island (2556 , p!4)
Pouchetia violescens Kofoid and Swezy - (2556, pi4)
Coll: B.C.: Off Cortes Island (2556 , p!4)
Prorocentrum gracile Schutt - (25 56, pi 1)
Coll: B. C. : (2556)
Hab: Generally distributed in plankton; occasionally dominant in
Nannoplankton ( 2556, pi 1)
Protoceratium reticulatum Claparede and Lachmann - (2556,p26)
Coll: B.C.: Generally distributed, occasionally numerous ( 2556 , p26)
Pseudophalacroma nasutum (Stein) - (2556,p22)
Coll: B.C.: Generally distributed, scarce (2556, p22)
Salpingoeca campanula Saville - (2556,p4)
Coll: 'B.C.: False Narrows Reef (2556, p4)
Hab: On algae (2556, p4)
315
-------
PROTOZOA - MASTIGOPHORA
Salpingoeca infusionum Saville Kent - (2556,p4)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay, Gabriola Pass (2556,p4)
Hab: On algae, on Polyzoa (2556,p4)
Salpingoeca marina James Clark - (2556,p4)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay, False Narrows Reef (2556, p4)
Hab: On shells and algae (2556,p4)
Torodinium robustum Kofoid and Swezy - (2556,p22)
Coll: B. C. : Off Cortes Island, July and August, scarce (2556,p22)
Class: CILIATA
Amphisia pernix Wrzesniowski (2557,p28)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay ( 2557 , p28)
Hab: Amongst algae (2557 , p28)
Carchesium polypinum Linnaeus - (2557,p33)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia (2557 , p33)
Hab: On algae, a marine and freshwater species (2557,p33)
Chaenia teres Dujardin - (2557 , p3)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia ( 2557 , p3)
Hab: Among decayed algae, freshwater and marine (2557,p3)
Colpidium colpoda Ehrenberg - (2557,p8)
Coll: B. C.
Hab: Amongst algae and in infusions, common (2557,p8)
Cothurnia cali Kahl - (2557,p35)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay (2557 , p35)
Hab: On algae and hydroids, rare (2557,p35)
Cothurnia compressa forma sinuosa Wailes - (2557,p35)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia ( 2557 , p35)
Hab: On green algae , rare ( 2557 , p3 5)
Cothurnia compressula Kahl - (2557,p35)
Coll: B. C. : Departure Bay, Gabriola Pass, Saanich Inlet (2557,p35)
Hab: On Obelia and red algae, on Bugela. at 50 fathoms on the
copepod Diosaccus sp. . scarce (2557,p35)
316
-------
PROTOZOA - CILIATA
Cothurnia fecunda Stokes - (2557,p36)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, numerous; also in freshwater
(2557,P36)
Hab: On algae and hydroids, rarely on copepods (Diosaccus)
and on polychaete worms (Trophonia papillata) (2557,p36)
Cothurnia flexa (Wailes) Kahl - (2557,p34)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia (2557 , p34)
Hab: On algae , common (2557 , p34)
Cothurnia gracilis Saville Kent - (2557,p34)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay; Saanich Inlet (2557 , p34)
Hab: On red algae, on copepod Diosaccus (2557,p34)
Cothurnia lata Kellicott f. Columbiae Wailes -'(2557,p35)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay (2557 , p35)
Hab: On Copepoda ( 2557 , p35)
Cothurnia oyalis Kahl - (2557, p36)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay ( 2557 , p36)
Hab: On algae, not uncommon ( 2557 , p36)
Cothurnia polculum Kahl - (2557, p34)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay ( 2557 , p34)
Hab: On red algae, scarce (2557,p34)
Dictyocysta apiculata Wailes (2557,p25)
Coll: B. C. : Departure Bay
Hab: No other similar lorica has since been seen and this may
be an abnormal individual (2557,p25)
Dictyocysta elegans Ehrenberg (emended K. and C. ) -(2557,p25)
Coll: B.C.: West coast of Vancouver Island (2557 ; p25)
Hab: Scarce (2557,p25)
Dictyocysta reticulata Kofoid and Campbell - (2557,p25)
Coll: B. C. : Barkley Sound, June ( 2557 , p25)
Didinium balbiani Butschli - (2557,p5)
Coll: B. C.
Hab: Among algae in beach pools, occasionally in plankton near
shore, fresh and brackish water (2557,p5)
317
-------
PROTOZOA - CILIATA
Didimium nasutum O. F. Muller - (2557, p5)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay ( 2557 , p5)
Hab: In plankton off float and among algae, freshwater and
marine (2557 , p5)
Dysteria monostyla (Ehrenberg) - (2557,p6)
Coll: B. C. : Departure Bay (2557,p6)
Hab: Among algae and hydrozoa (2557,p6)
Epiclintes radiosa (Quennerstedt) (2557,p28)
Coll: B. C. : Departure Bay (2557, p28)
Hab: On Zostera (2557,p28)
Euplotes sexcojtatus (Wailes) - (2557,p28)
Coll: B.C.: In Strait of Georgia (2557 , p28)
Hab: On algae, generally distributed, hydroids, etc. (2557,p28)
Favella ehrenbergi (Claparede and Lachmann) - (2557,p20)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, but not uncommon (2557,p20)
Favella franciscana Kofoid and Campbell - (2557,p20)
Coll; B. C. : Generally distributed, frequently abundant on west
coast of Vancouver Island (2557, p20)
Favella s errata (Moebius) - (2557, p20)
Coll: B.C.: Generally distributed, scarce ( 2557 , p20)
Folliculina ampulla O. F. Muller - (2557 , pi 0)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia (2557 , pi 0)
Hab: On algae, Bryozoa, dredged from depths down to 40 meters
(2557,plO)
Frontonia marina Fabre-Domergue - (2557,p7)
Coll: B. C.
Hab: Amongst algae (2557,p7)
Halter ia grandinella Muller - (2557, pi 1)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay ( 2557 , pi 1 )
Hab: Tide pools of brackish water ( 2557 , pi 1 )
Heliocostomella kiliensis (Laackmann) - (2557, pi 9)
Coll: B.C.: Off Nootka Sound (2557 , p!9)
318
-------
PROTOZOA - CTLIATA
Heliocostomella subulata (Ehrenberg) - (2557,p!9)
Coll: B. C.
Dist: Generally distributed, sometimes numerous (2557, pi 9)
Lacrymaria lagenula Claparede and Lachmann - (2557,p3)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia ( 2557 , p3)
Hab: Among decayed algae (2557,p3)
Lacrymaria olor O. F. Muller - (2557 , p4)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia (2557 , p4)
Hab: Among algae, freshwater and marine (2557,p4)
Lembus elongatus Claparede and Lachmann - (2557,p8)
Coll: B. C.
Hab: In infusions of algae (2557,p8)
Lionotus anser (Ehrenberg) - (2557,p6)
Coll: B. C.
Hab: Amongst algae, brackish and freshwater (2557,p6)
Lionotus fasciola O. F. Muller - (2557, p6)
Coll: B. C.
Hab: Amongst algae, freshwater and marine (2557,p6)
Loxophyllum meleagris O. F. Muller (2557,p5)
Coll: B. C.
Hab: Amongst algae in beach pools, freshwater and marine
(2557,P5)
Mesodinium pulex Claparede and Lachmann (2557,p4)
Coll: B. C.
Hab: Among algae and decayed vegetation in beach pools, brackish
and freshwater (2557,p4)
Mesodinium rubrum (Lohmann) - (2557, p4)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay ( 2557 , p4)
Hab: In plankton off float, numerous at times, marine and brackish
water (2557,p4)
Metopus es O. F. Muller - (2557 , p9 )
Coll: B. C.
Hab: Amongst marine algae and in infusions, generally distributed
(2557,p9)
319
-------
PROTOZOA CILIATA
Nassula microstoma Cohn - (2557,p6)
Coll: B. C.
Hab: Amongst shore algae, freshwater and marine (2557, p6)
Parafavella gigantea (Brandt) emended K. and C. -(2557,p21)
Coll: B. C. : West coast of Vancouver Island, Bull Harbour,
numerous at times (2557, p21)
Parafavella parumdentata (Brandt) - (2557,p21)
Coll: B. C. : West coast of Vancouver Island, Bull Harbour,
Queen Charlotte Sound (2557,p21)
Hab: Usually associated with P_. gigantea (2557,p21)
Paramacium caudatum Ehrenberg - (2557,p8)
Coll: B. C.
Hab: Amongst algae, freshwater and marine (2557,p8)
Parundella lagena Kofoid and Campbell - (2557,p23)
Coll: B. C_- Strait of Georgia, Departure Bay, occasionally
numerous (2557,p23)
Parundella lachmanni (Daday) - (2557,p23)
Coll: B.C.: Generally distributed, scarce ( 2557 , p23)
Parundella major (Wailes) K. and C. - (2557,p24)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, not common (2557,p24)
Parundella minor (Wailes) K. and C. -(2557,p24)
Coll: B.C.: Generally distributed, scarce ( 2557 , p24)
Parundella translucens (Wailes) K. and C. - (2557,p23)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, sometimes numerous (2557,p23)
Peritromus emmae Stein (2557,p27)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay at wharf ( 2557 , p27)
Placus socialis Fabre-Domergue -(2557,p8)
Coll: B. C. : Departure Bay in plankton off wharf (2557,p8)
Platycola (Vaginicola) nigra Wailes - (2557,p36)
Coll: B. C. : William Head, Strait of Juan de Fuca on clam shells
(Cardium and Saxidomus) (2557.p36)
320
-------
PROTOZOA - CILIATA
Proplectella columbiana (Wailes) K. and C. (2557,p24)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, not uncommon (2557,p24)
Ptychocylis drygalskii Brandt - (2557,p21)
Coll: B.C.: Generally distributed, common (2557 , p21 )
Ptychocylis minor Joergensen - (2557,p22)
Coll: B.C.: Generally distributed (2557 , p22)
Ptychocylis repanda Wailes - (2557,p22)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia , Departure Bay (2557 , p22)
Hab: The type scarce, f. conica occasionally numerous (2557,p22)
Ptychocylis urnula Claparede and Lachmann - (2557,p22)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, common (2557, p22)
Ptychocylis wailesi Kofoid and Campbell - (2557,p22)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia (2557 , p22)
Rhabdostyla commensalis Moebius - (2557,p30)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay ( 2557 , p30)
Hab: On polychaete worm Nereis agassizi (A.) (2557 , p30)
Salpingella acuminata Claparede and Lachmann (2557,p27)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia ( 2557 , p27 )
Salpingella curta Kofoid and Campbell (2557,p27)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay, July ( 2557 , p27 )
Scyphidia (Rhabdostyla) variabilis (Dons) (2557,p29)
Coll: B.C.: Saanich Inlet ( 2557 , p29 )
Hab: Dredged from 50 fathoms on polychaete worm Spionophanes
cirrata Sars (2557,p29)
Stenosemella expansa (Wailes) - (2557,p!7)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia , scarce (2557 , pi 7)
Stenosemella inflata Kofoid and Campbell (2557, pi 7)
Coll: B.C.: Generally distributed, occasionally numerous ( 2557 , p!7;
Stenosemella nivalis (Meunier) - (2557,p!8)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, sometimes numerous (2557,p!8)
321
-------
PROTOZOA - CILIATA
Stenosemella pacifica Kofoid and Campbell - (25 57, pi 8)
Coll: B.C.: Generally distributed, scarce ( 2557 , p!8)
Stenosemella punctata (Wailes) - (2557,p!7)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, sometimes numerous (2557,pl7)
Stenosemella steird (Joergensen) - (2557,p!8)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, not common (2557,p!8)
Stenosemella ventricosa (Claparede and Lachmann) - (2557, pi 8)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, sometimes numerous (2557,p!8)
Stentor auriculatus^ Kahl ( 25 57, pi 0)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay, not uncommon (2557 , pi 0)
Hab: On algae (2557 , pi 0)
Stentor multiformis O. F. Miiller - (2557, pi 0)
Coll: B. C. : Gabriola Pass, Departure Bay (2557, pi 0)
Hab: On algae, in tide pools, in brackish -water and marine (2557, pi 0)
Strombidium (Laboea) acuminatum (Leegaard) - (2557,p!2)
Coll: B.C.: Barkley Sound, Departure Bay (2557 , pi 2)
Strombidium (Laboea) conicum (Lohmann) - (2557, pi 2)
Coll: B. C. : West coast of Vancouver Island, Departure Bay
(2557,p!2)
Strombidium (Laboea) cornucopiae (Wailes) - (2557 , pi 2)
Coll: B. C. : West coast of Vancouver Island plankton, not uncommon
(2557,P12)
Strombidium (Laboea) ovale (Leegaard) - (2557,p!2)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay, rare ( 2557 , pi 2)
Strombidium (Laboea) strobilus (Lohmann) - (2557, pi 2)
Coll: B.C.: Quatsino Sound, plankton, rare ( 2557 , pi 2)
Strombidium sulcatum Claparede and Lachmann - (2557, pi 1)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia (2557 , pi 1)
Hab: Among algae and Zostera; not found in plankton (2557, pi 1)
322
-------
PROTOZOA - CILIATA
Thuricola (Cothurnia) valvata (Wright) - (2557,p36)
Coll: B. C.
Hab: On algae, Bryozoa, not common ( 2557 , p36)
Tiarina fusus Claparede and Lachman - (2557, p5)
Coll: B. C.
Hab: In plankton near shore (2557,p5)
Tintinnopsis bermudensis Brandt - (2557,pl6)
Coll: B. C. : Off Cape Beal, January; a southern species occasionally
carried north (2557,pl6)
Tintinnopsis beroidea Stein, emend. Entz, emend. Joerg. - (2557, p!5)
Coll: B.C.: Generally distributed, not numerous (2557,pl6)
Tintinnopsis coronata Kofoid and Campbell - (2557, pi 4)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia, rare ( 2557 , p!4)
Tintinnopsis cylindrica Daday - (2557, p!4)
Coll: B.C.: Generally distributed, scarce ( 2557 , p!4)
Tintinnopsis karajacensis Brandt - (2557,p!5)
Coll: B.C.: Generally distributed, numerous (2557,p!5)
Tintinnopsis laevigata Kofoid and Campbell - (2557, pi 4)
Coll: B. C. : Strait of Georgia and west coast of Vancouver Island,
scarce (2557,p!4)
Tintinnopsis minuta Wailes - (2557,p!5)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia , scarce ( 2557 , pi 5)
Tintinnopsis nitida Brandt (2557,pl6)
Coll: B.C.: Generally distributed, not numerous (2557 , pi 6)
Tintinnopsis parvula Joergensen - (2557,pl6)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, numerous (2557, pi 6)
Tintinnopsis sacculus Brandt - (2557 , pi 5)
Coll:. B. C. : Generally distributed (2557, pi 5)
Tintinnopsis strigosa Meunier - (2557,pl6)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia off Departure Bay ( 2557 , pi 6)
323
-------
PROTOZOA - CILIATA
Tintinnopsis subacuta Joergensen - (Z557,pl6)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia, rare (2557 , pi 6)
Tintinnopsis wailesi Kofoid and Campbell - (2557, pi 5)
Coll: B. C. : Strait of Georgia, west coast of Vancouver Island,
rare; also found in a pilchard stomach (2557, pi 5)
Tintinnus lusus-undae Entz - (2557,p26)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed (2557, p26)
Tintinnus pectinis Kofoid and Campbell - (2557,p26)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia (2557 , p26)
Tintinnus rectus Wailes (emended K. and C. ) - (2557,p26)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed (2557, p26)
Tintinnus tubulosus Ostenfeld forma laevis Wailes - (2557, p26)
Coll: B. C.
Trachelocera ploenicopterus Cohn (2557,p4)
Coll: B. C. : Strait of Georgia (2557,p4)
Hab: Among algae and in infusions (2557, p4)
Uronema marinum Dujardin - (2557,p7)
Coll: B. C.
Hab: Among decaying algae, numerous (2557,p7)
Uronychia (Trichoda) transfuga (O. F. Mxiller) - (2557 , p29)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia (2557 , p29 )
Hab: Among algae and hydroids (2557,p29)
Vorticella campanula Ehrenberg - (2557,p30)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia, Departure Bay (2557 , p30)
Hab: Worm tubes dredged from 15 fathoms; on algae (2557,p30)
Vorticella marina Greeff - (2557,p30)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia, Departure Bay float (2557 , p30)
Hab: Dredged 10-20 fathoms; on Bryozoa, algae, etc. (2557,p30)
Vorticella microstoma Ehrenberg (2557,p31)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia, numerous (2557 , p31)
324
-------
PROTOZOA SUCTORIA
Vorticella patellina O. F. Muller (2557,p31)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay ( 2557 , p31 )
Vorticella putrina O. F. Muller - (2557, p31)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia ( 2557 , p3 1)
Hab: On algae and diatoms (2557,p31)
Vorticella subsphaerica (Dons) Kahl (2557,p31)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia ( 2557 , p31 )
Hab: On algae (25 57 , p31)
Zoothamnium. arbuscula Ehrenberg -(2557,p33)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia ( 2557 ,p33 )
Hab: On algae, etc. , also dredged from 10 fathoms (2557,p33)
Zoothamnium candelabrum Wailes - (2557 , p33)
Coll; B. C. : Strait of Georgia near shore, and dredged from
15 fathoms (2557,p33)
Zoothamnium elegans D'Udekem (2557,p32)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay ( 2557 , p32)
Hab: On algae; freshwater and marine (2557, p32)
Zoothamnium niveum Ehrenberg - (2557,p32)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia (2557 , p32)
Hab: Dredged from 10-15 fathoms; on Bryozoa, Hydrozoa and
algae in shallow water (2557,p32)
Zoothamnium nutans Claparede and Lachmann - (2557,p32)
Coll: B. C. : Gabriola Pass on algae (2557,p32)
Class: SUCTORIA
Acineta foetida Maupas - (2557,p41)
Coll: B. C. : Hammond Bay, Strait of Georgia (2557,p41)
Hab: On algae dredged from 15 fathoms, usually recorded as
occurring among decaying seaweed (2557,p41)
Acineta laevia Dons (2557,p41)
Coll: B. C. : Departure Bay ( 2557 , p41 )
Hab: On red algae, rare (2557 , p41 )
325
-------
PROTOZOA - SUCTORIA
Acineta minuta Wailes - (2557, p41)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay (2557 , p41 )
Hab: Epizooic on Copepoda (2557 , p41 )
Acineta tuberosa Ehrenberg - (2557,p40)
Coll: B. C.
Hab: Generally distributed, occurs on algae , Bryozoa, and
crustaceans; collected from beach pools and down to
30 fathoms; plentiful (2557,p40)
Ephelota columbiae Wailes -(2557,p37)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia (2557 , p37)
Hab: Epizooic on crustaceans, occasionally very numerous (2557,p37)
Ephelota coronata Wright - (2557,p37)
Coll: B. C.
Hab: Generally distributed on algae, hydroids, etc. , numerous
(2557,P37)
Ephelota gemmipara (Hartwig) - (2557,p37)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia (2557 , p37)
Hab: On algae, hydroids, etc. , common, found occasionally
attached to copepods (Gaidius pungens) and crab zoea
(2557,P37)
Ephelota plana Wailes - (2557,p37)
Coll: B. C. : Strait of Georgia near Nanaimo (2557,p37)
Hab: On kelp and other algae, hydroids, etc. , numerous in summer
of 1924, since then rare (2557,p37)
Ophryocephalus capitatum Wailes - (2557,p40)
Coll: B. C. : False Narrows Reef, Strait of Georgia (2557,p40)
Hab: Epizooic on Ephelota spp. (2557,p40)
Ophryodendron belgicum var. stellatum Wailes - (2557, p39)
Coll: B.C.: Gabriola Pass (2557 , p39)
Hab: Dredged from 16 fathoms attached to polychaete worm,
Syllis armillaris (2557,p39)
Paracineta crenata Fraipont (2557, p42)
Coll: B. C. : Koprino Harbour, Quatsino Sound (2557,p42)
Hab: On copepod Microsetella rosea (2557,p42)
326
-------
PROTOZOA - SUCTORIA
Paracineta crenata var. gracilis Wailes -(2557,p43)
Coll: B.C.: Porlier Pass , Strait of Georgia (2557 , p43)
Hab: On hydroids from 25 fathoms (2557,p43)
Paracineta crenata var. pachytheca Collin (2557,p43)
Coll: B. C.
Hab: In association with var. gracilis (2557,p43)
Paracineta limbata (Maupas) - (2557, p42)
Coll: B. C.: Strait of Georgia (2557, p42)
Hab: On algae, hydroids and Bryozoa, sometimes in numerous
colonies (2557,p42)
Paracineta parva Sand - (2557,p42)
Coll: B. C. : Ruxton Pass and Gabriola Pass, Strait of Georgia
(2557,P42)
Hab: Dredged from 20 to 30 fathoms on tubes of worm Phyllo-
chaetopterus prolifica ( 2557 , p42)
Paracineta patula Claparede and Lachmann (2557,p42)
Coll: B.C.: Strait of Georgia ( 2557 , p42)
Hab: On algae, Bryozoa, etc. , from tide pools down to 30 fathoms
(2557,P42)
Podophyra elongata Claparede and Lachmann - (2557,p39)
Coll: B. C. : Strait of Georgia off Nanaimo at 150 fathoms (2557,p39)
Hab: Epizooic on the copepod Euchaeta japonica (2557, p39)
Radios per mum textum Menier - (2557 , p46)
Coll: B. C. : Strait of Georgia in plankton; also off west coast of
Vancouver Island, rare ( 2557 , p46)
Trichophrya columbiae Wailes (2557,p43)
Coll: B. C. : In plankton off Lennard Island, Clayquot Sound,
abundant August 7, 1927 (2557,p43)
Trochiscia brachiolata (Moebius) - (2557,p45)
Coll: B. C.
Hab: Generally distributed in plankton; rare (2557,p45)
Trochiscia clevei Lemmermann - (2557, p44)
Coll: B. C.
Hab: Generally distributed, often abundant in plankton.
They provide a common food for larval herring (2557,p44)
327
-------
PROTOZOA - SUCTORIA
Trochiscia dictyon (Joergensen) (2557,p45)
Coll: B. C. : Off west coast of Vancouver Island, rare (2557, p45)
Trochiscia moebiusi (Joergensen) - (2557,p45)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed (2557, p45)
Trochiscia moebiusi forma - (2557,p45)
Coll: B. C. : Generally distributed, sometimes numerous (2557,p45)
Trochiscia multispinosa (Moebius) - (2557,p44)
Coll: B.C.: Off west coast of Vancouver Island, rare (2557 , p44)
Trochiscia multispinosa forma - (2557,p44)
Coll: B. C. : Off west coast of Vancouver Island, rare (2557,p44)
Trochiscia ovata (Pouchet) (2557,p45)
Coll: B. C. : Off west coast of Vancouver Island, not uncommon
(2557,P45)
PHYLUM PORIFERA
The sponges from the outer coasts of the Pacific Northwest have
never been reported in detail but biologists in the field generally find
that the spectrum of species included in Light's Manual (2033) is
similar to those from farther north. Most of the species included in
this list are from that source.
Acarnus erithacus de Laub. , 19 27 - (2033 , pi 9)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033 , p!9)
Adocia gellindra (de Laub. , 1932) - (2033,p20)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033 , p20)
Anaata brepha_ (de Laub. , 1930) - (2033,p!9)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033, pi 9)
Anaata spongigartina (de Laub. , 1930) - (2033,p!9)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033, pi 9)
328
-------
PORIFERA
Aplysilla glacialis (Dybowski, 1880) - (2033, p20) (2731)
Coll: Ore: Lincoln Co. (2731); intertidal on central Calif, coast
(2033:p20)(2731)
Hab: Encrusting, common on underside of overhanging rocks (2731
Aplysilla polyraphis de Laub. , 1930 - (2033,p20)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p20)
Astylinifer arndti de Laub. , 1930 - (2033,p!9)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033. pi 9)
Carmia macginitiei (de Laub. , 1930) - (2033,p!9)
Coll: Found on breakwater on Elkhorn Slough (20-33, p!9)
Clathriopsamma pseudonapya de Laub. , 1930 - (2033, p!9)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033, pi 9)
Cliona celata californiana de Laub. , 1932 - (2033,p!9)
Coll: ,Ore: Lincoln Co. (2731); intertidal on central Calif, coast
(20337pl9) (2731)
Hab: Boring in CaCO substrates
Cliona lobata Hancock, 1849 - (2033,p!9)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033 , pi 9)
Craniella sp. -(2033,pl9)
Coll: Undetermined species found at Mission Point, Carmel and
Pescadero Point, Monterey Peninsula (2033,pl9)
Craniella arb (de Laub. , 1930) - (2033,p!9)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast ( 2033 , p!9)
Ectyodoryx parasitica Lambe , 1893 (2033,p!9)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033, pi 9)
Esperella adhaerens (Lambe) - ( 203 1 , pi 1 )
Coll: Washington (2031 , pi 1)
Hab: Grows on pecten shells (2031,pll)
Esperiopsis originalis de Laub. , 1930 - (2033,p!9)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast ( 2033 , pi 9 )
329
-------
PORIFERA
Eurypon asodes de Laub. .1930 (2033,p!9)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033 , p!9)
Grantia sp. -(2031,p9)
Coll: Washington
Hab: Solitary form; wharf piles, on stones, tide pools
Halichondria panicea (Pallas, 1766) - (2033 , p!9) (2731)
Coll: Ore: Lincoln Co. (2731); intertidal on central Calif, coast
(2033,pl9)
Haliclona luni si mills de Laub. , 1930 (2033,p20)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033, p20)
Haliclona permollis (Bowerbank, 1866) - (2033,p20)
Haliclona cinera (Grant, 1827)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033, p20); Ore: (2731)
Hab: Encrusting at higher levels (2731)
Other: Oxidative metabolism (3386); lavender (2731)
Halisarca sacra de Laub. , 1930 - (2033,p20)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033 ,p20)
Homaxinella borealis - (2731)
Coll: Ore: Lincoln Co. (2731)
Hab: Commonly found at tide pool entrances where currents
are strong
Hymenampliastra cyanocrypta de Laub. , 1930 - (2033,p!9)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast. (Orange colored variants
are sometimes found. ) (2033,p!9)
Hymeniacidon ungodon de Laub. , 1932 - (2033, pi9)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast ( 2033 , p!9)
Isociona lithophoenix (de Laub. , 1927) - (2033,p20) (2731)
Coll: Oregon (2731);intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p20)
Hab: Encrusting
Leiosella idia (de Laub. , 1932) - (2033,p20)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033 , p20)
330
-------
PORIFERA
Leuconia heathi (Urban, 1905) - (2033,p!9)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033, pi 9)
Leucosolenia eleanor Urban, 1950 (2033,p!9)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033, pi 9)
Leucosolenia nautilia de Laub. , 1930 - (2033,p!9)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033, pi 9)
Lissodendoryx noxiosa de Laub. , 1930 - (2033,p20) (2731)
Coll: Ore: Lincoln Co. (2731); intertidal on central Calif, coast
(2033,p20)
Hab: Dull yellow, young specimens encrusting, older specimens
massive (2731)
Microciona microjoanna de Laub. , 1930 (2033,p20)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p20)
Myxilla parasitica (Lambe) - (2031, pi 1)
Coll: Washington
Hab: Grows on pecten shells
Ophlitaspongia pennata (Lambe) californiana de Laub. , 1932 - (2033, p20)
(2731)
Coll: Qre: Lincoln Co. (2731); intertidal on central Calif, coast
(2033,p20)
Hab: Encrusting
Papyrula saccharis de Laub. , 1930 - (2033,pl9)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033, pi 9)
Paresperella psila de Laub. , 1930 - (2033,p20)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p20)
Penares cortius de Laub. , 1930 - (203 3, pi 9)
Coil: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033, pi9)
Plocamia karykina de Laub. , 1927 - ( 2033 , p20) ( 2731 )
Coll: Ore: Lincoln Co. (2731); intertidal on central Calif, coast
(2033,p20)
331
-------
PORIFERA
Plocamissa igzo (de Laub. , 1932) - (2033,p20)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033 , p20)
Polymastia pachymastia de Laub. , 1932 - (2033, pi 9)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033 , pi 9)
Reniera rufescens Lambe - (2031,p!5)
Coll: Washington
Hab: In crusts, rocks, and stones at waters edge (2031,p!5)
Rhabdodermella nuttingi Urban, 1902 - (2033,p!9) (2731)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033 , p!9 )
Hab: Undersides of boulders at low tide level
Sigmadocia edaphus (de Laub. , 1930) - (2033,p20)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033 , p20)
Spheciospongia confoederata de Laub. , 1930 - (2033, p!9)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033 ,pi 9)
Stelletta clarella de Laub. , 1930 - (2033,p!9) (2731)
Coll: Oregon (2731); intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033, p!9)
Suberites latus (Lambe) (2031 , pi 3) (2731)
Coll: Washington
Hab: Subtidal (2031,p!3); (hermit sponge); usually found with
hermit crab but may be attached to rocks in deep water
(2031,p!3)
Tedania topsenti de Laub. , 1930 - (2033,p20)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033 , p20)
Tedania toxicalis de Laub. , 1930 - (2033,p20)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p20)
Tedanione obscurata de Laub. , 1930 (2033,p20)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p20)
Tethya. aurantia californiana de Laub. , 1932 - (203 3, pi 9)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033, pi 9)
332
-------
PORIFERA
Toxadocia sp. -(2731)
Coll: Ore: Lincoln Co. (2731)
Xestospongia vanilla (de Laub. , 1930) - (2033,p20)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p20)
Zygherpe hyaloderma de Laub. , 1932 - (2033,p20)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033 , p20)
PHYLUM COELENTERATA (CNIDARIA)
Class: HYDRO ZOA
Order: A. Hydroida
Suborder: Calyptoblastea (Leptomedusa)
Abietinaria spp. (2033,p33)
Coll: Oregon (2052,p33), 10-110 (3003); Calif: intertidal (2033 , p33 )
Abietinaria abietina (Linnaeus, 1758) - (2033,p33)
Dist: Bering Sea to San Diego, Calif. (2052,p24)
Coll: Ore: Newport 55-1 04m (2052 , p24, 33 ), 55-1 04 (3003);
Calif: intertidal on central coast (2033,p33)
Abietinaria alexanderi Nutting, 1904 - (3003,p7)
Coll: Oregon, 10m (3003,p7)
Abietinaria amphora Nutting, 1904 -(2033,p33)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p33)
Abietinaria anguina (Trask, 1857) - (2033,p33)
Dist: Queen Charlotte to San Ouitin Bay (2052)
Coll: Ore: Newport (2052), Heceta Head (2052); Calif: central
(2033,p33)
Abietinaria filicula (Ellis and Solander) - (2031 , p21 )
Dist: Puget Sound (2031 ,p21) to central Calif. (2033)
Hab: Shore attached to pilings, rocks, and shells (2031,p21)
Abietinaria greenei (Murray, I860) -(2033,p33)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p33)
333
-------
COELENTERATA - HYDROZOA - Calyptoblastea
Abietinaria pacifica Stechow, 1923 (2033,p33)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p33)
Abietinaria traski (Torrey) - (2052, p33)
Dist: Berg Inlet, Alaska to San Diego (2338,pl43) (9-400m)
Coll: Ore: Newport (2052, p33) (46-400m) (3003)
Acryptolaria sp. - (3003,p7)
Coll: Ore: (3003 , p7) (77m), Newport (2052, p33 )
Aequorea sp. Peron and Lesueur, 1809 -(2033,p39)
Coll: Friday Harbor to Oregon (2033,p39) (2041); luminescent
(2033,p39)
Aequorea aequorea (Forakali) - (2031;p33)
Dist: Puget Sound (2031,p33) to central Calif. (2033,p39)
Hab: Pelagic near docks
Aglaophenia sp. - (2052,p33)
Coll: Ore: Newport (2052, p33 )(1 0-400m); Calif: central coast
(2033,p33)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p33), 55-1 38m (3003)
Aglaophenia diegensis Torrey, 1904 - (2033,p33)
Dist: Newport to Santa Maria Bay and Galapagos (2052,p29)
Coll: Ore: Newport 0-11 Om (3003), (2052, p30); Calif: intertidal
on central Calif, coast ( 2033 , p33 )
Aglaophenia inconspicua Torrey - (2052,p33)
Coll: Ore: Newport (77m) (3003), ( 2052 , p33) to Baja, Calif.
(2338, pi44) (0-154m)
Aglaophenia latirostris Nutting, 1900 - (2033,p33)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast. If ripe will produce
planulae readily when left in sun for approximately an
hour (2033,p33)
Aglaophenia lophocarpa Allman, 1877 - (2033,p33)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p33)
Aglaophenia oc to car pa Nutting, 1900 - (3003,p7)
Coll: Oregon (92m) (3003,p7)
334
-------
COELENTERATA - HYDROZOA - Calyptoblastea
Aglaophenia struthionides (Murray, I860) - (2033,p33)
Dist: Puget Sound (2031 ,p23) to central Calif, coast (2033, p33)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 ,p33)
Calycella syringe (Linnaeus, 1767) -(2033,p33fl
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast. (2033,p33)
Campanularia dentriculata Clark, 1876 - (2033,p33)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p33)
Campanularia fusiformis Clark, 1876 - (2033,p33)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p33)
Campanularia gelatinosa (Pallas, 1766) - (2033,p33)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033 , p33)
Campanularia urceolata Clark, 1876 - (2033,p33)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p33)
Campnaularia verticillata (Linnaeus) - (2052,p33)
Dist: Bering Sea to San Diego and Chile 13-869m (2338, p!43)
Coll: Ore: Newport (2052, p33) 77m (3003 )
Campnaularia volubilis (Linnaeus, 1767) - (2033,p33)
Coll: Ore: Newport, 10m (3003); intertidal on central Calif.
coast (2033,p33)
Campanulina forskalea (Peron et Leseur, 1809) - (2033,p33)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033 ,p33)
Clytia spp. -(2033,p33)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p33)
Clytia bakeri Torrey, 1904 - (2033,p33)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p33)
Clytia edwardsi (Nutting, 1901) - (2033,p33)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033 ,p33)
Clytia hendersoni Torrey, 1904 - (2033,p33)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033 ,p33)
Egmundella gracilis Stechow - (2052,p33)
Dist: Rose Harbour Queen Charlotte Is. to San Francisco Bay
13-800m (2338,pi43)
Coll: Ore: Newport (2052, p33)
335
-------
COELENTERATA - HYDRO ZOA - Calyptoblastea
Eucopella spp. - (2033,p33)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033 , p33 )
Eucopella caliculata (Hincks, 1853) -(2033,p33)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p33)
Eucopella compressa (Clark, 1876) -(2033,p33)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033 , p33)
Eucopella everta (Clark, 1876) (2033,p33)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033, p33)
Hab: Abundant on kelp (2033,p33)
Eutonia Hartlaub. 1897 -(2033,p39)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033 , p39)
Hab: Very common at times, has generally been identified as
Eutimium (2033,p39)
Gonothyraea clarki (Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1895) - (2033, p33)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p33)
Halecium spp, - (2033,p33)
Coll: Ore: Newport, 92m (2052, p!9 )
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 ,p33)
Halecium annulatum Torrey, 1902 - (2033,p33)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p33)
Halecium corrugatum Nutting, 1899 -(2033,p33)
Dist: Alaska to lower Calif. (2052,p20)
Coll: Ore: Newport, 0-11 Om (2052 , p20) 55m (2033); Calif:
intertidal on central coast (2033,p33)
Halecium tenellum Hincks, 1861 - (2033,p33)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033 , p33)
Halistaura cellularia (Agassiz , 1865) - (2033,p39)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2033,p39)
Coll: Puget Sound (2031,p31); Oregon (2341); Calif: (2033,p39)
Hab: Pelagic
336
-------
COELENTERATA - HYDRO ZOA - Calyptoblastea
Hydrallmania distans Nutting, 1899 -(2053,p33)
Dist: Queen Charlotte Is. to San Diego 6-400m (2338, p!43)
Coll: Ore: Newport (2052, p33) 6-400m (2052 , p26); Calif:
central coast(2033,p33)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p33)
Lafoea adnata Fraser, 1925 (2052,p33)
Dist: Newport, Oregon to Farallon Is. , Calif. (2388,pl43) 60-92m
Coll: Ore: Newport (2052, p33), 65 -92m (3003 , p7)
Lafoea dumosa (Fleming) - (2052,p33)
Dist: Bering Sea to Bulf of Calif. 9 -823m (2338 , p!43 )
Coll: Ore: Newport (2052, p33) ,77m (3003 )
Lafoea fruticosa (M. Sars) - (2052,p33)
Dist: Bering Sea to San Francisco Bay, Calif. (6-1829m) (2330, p!4)
Coll: Ore: Newport (2052 , p33), 64m (3003)
Lafoea gracillima (Alder) (2052,p33)
Dist: Bering Sea to No. Ecuador 6-957m (2338 , pi 43)
Coll: Ore: Newport ( 2052 , p33), 64-400m (3003)
Laodicea sp. Lesson, 1843 -(2033,p39)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast ( 2033 , p39 )
Obelia spp. -(2033,p33)
Coll: Newport, Oregon (400m) (2052, pi8); intertidal on central Calif.
coast (2033,p33)
Obelia bicuspidata Clarke, 1876 - (2033,p33)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033, p33)
Obelia commissuralis McCrady, 1858 -(2033,p33)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p33)
Obelia. dichotoma (Linnaeus) 1758
Coll: Puget Sound (2031) ; central Calif. (2033,p33)
Hab: Wharf piling, rocks, seaweed, and floating timber
Obelia dubia Nutting, 1901 -(2033,p33)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033 , p33)
337
-------
COELENTERATA - HYDROZOA - Calyptoblastea
Obelia geniculata (Linnaeus, 1767) - (2033,p33)
" Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p33)
Obelia longissima (Pallas. 1766) (2033,p33)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033 , p33)
Obelia plicata Hincks, 1868 -(2033,p34)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p34)
Plumularia spp. -(2033,p34)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast ( 2033 , p34)
Plumularia alicia Torrey, 1902 - (2033,p34)
Dist: Yaquina Bay, Oregon to So. Bay, Cerros Is. Lower Calif.
(2052,p31)
Coll: Ore: Newport, 0-329m (2052, p31), 22m (3003 , p31); Calif.
central(2033,p34)
Plumularia goodei Nutting, 1900 -(2033,p34)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033, p34)
Plumularia lagenifera Allman, 1885 - (2033,p34)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033 , p34)
Plumularia plumularoides (Clark, 1876) - (2033,p34)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033 , p34)
Plumularia setacea (Ellis, 1755) -(2033,p34)
Coll: Intertidal, central Calif, coast ( 2033 , p34)
Sertularella spp. -(2033,p34)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033, p34)
Sertularella pinnata Clark. 1876 -(2033,p34)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033 , p34)
Sertularella rugosa (Linnaeus, 1758) -(2033,p34)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, co.ast (2033, p34)
338
-------
COELENTERATA - HYDROZOA - Calyptoblastea
Sertularella turgida (Trask, 1847) - (2033,p34)
Dist: Queen Charlotte Island to Baja Calif. , 0-200m (2338, p!43)
Coll: Ore: Newport, 0-200m, Heceta Head (2052, p27), 64-200m
(3003); Calif: intertidal on central coast (2033, p34)
Sertularia spp. -(2033,p34)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast ( 2033 , p34)
Sertularia cornicina McCrady, 1858 -(2033,p34)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033 , p34)
Sertularia desmoides Torrey, 1902 - (2033,p34)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p34)
Sertularia furcata Trask, 1857 -(2033,p34)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033 , p34)
Suborder; Gymnoblasta
Bimeria franciscana Torrey, 1902 - (20337p32)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p32)
Bougainvillia mertensi Agassiz, 1862 - (2033,p32)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033, p32)
Calycopsis namatophora Bigelow - (2341 )
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Campanularia sp. - (2052,p53)
Coll: Ore: Newport (2052 , p33), 1 Om (2338) (3003), 400m epizoic
(2052,pl6); Calif: central coast (2033 , p33 )
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p33 )
Candelabrum sp. -(2003,p32)
Coll: From low intertidal at Pigeon Point (20337p32)
Cladonema californica Hyman, 1947 -(2033,p39)
Dist: Monterey Bay to Tomales Bay, Calif. (2033, p39)
339
-------
COELENTERATA - HYDROZOA - Gymnoblasta
Eudendrium sp. -(2033,p32)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p32)
Eudendrium californicum Torrey, 1902 - (2033,p32)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast(2033,p32)
Eudendrium tenellum Allman -(2052,p33)
Dist: Alaska to Columbia 0-479m (2338,pl43)
Coll: Ore: Newport (2052, p33)
Garveia annulata Nutting, 1901 -(2033,p32)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p32)
Hybocodon prolifera (Agassiz, 1862) - (2553, pi 1 )
Coll: British Columbia (25 53, pi 1)
Remarks: Surface rare, summer (2553, pi 1 )
Hydractinia spp. - (2033,p32)
Coll: Ore: Newport 0-300m ( 2052, p33 ); central Calif, coast
(2033,P32)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p32)
Hydractinia laevispina Eraser, 1922 - (2033,p32)
Coll: Off Coast Guard breakwater in Monterey Harbor (2033,p32)
Hab: On kelp(2033,p32)
Hydractinia milleri Torrey, 1902 - (2033,p32)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033, p32)
Perigonimus repens (Wright) 1858 (2052,p33)
Dist: Admiralty Is. , Alaska to Ecuador and the Galapagos,
l6-914m (2338, pi 43)
Coll: Ore: Newport (2052, p33)
Hab: Epizoic on Acila castrensis and Nassarius fossatus and
Collus ha Hi, sand bottom ( 2052, pi 3 )
Phialidium gregarium Agassiz - (2031,p29)
Dist: Puget Sound (2031 ,p29) to Monterey Bay, rare (2033,p39)
Hab: Pelagic
Polyorchis (Scrippsia) pacifica (Torrey, 1909) - (2033,p39)
Coll: Calif: San Francisco Bay to Monterey Bay (2033,p39)
340
-------
COELENTERATA - HYDROZOA - Gymnoblasta
Polyorchis penicillatus (Eschscholtz, 18Z9) - (2033,p39)
Synonym: IP. penicillata in (2031 ,p37)
Dist: Puget Sound (2031 ,p37) to San Francisco Bay, Calif. (2033,p39)
Hab: Pelagic
Proboscidactyla sp. -(2033,p32)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033)
Hab: Found in Monterey area on tubes of Pseudopotamilla ocellata
and P_. intermedia (2033, p32)
Proboscidactyla flavicirrata Brandt, 1834 - (2033, p32)
Coll: B.C.: (2553,p!2); Friday Harbor, Wash, to central Calif.
coast(2033,p32)
Hab: On tube of Schizobranchis , Pseudopotamilla (2033 ,p32)
Remarks: Surface, common, summer ( 2553 , pi 2)
Rathkea octopunctata (M. Sars, 1835) - (2553,pll)
Coll: British Columbia (2553, pll)
Remarks: Surface, rare, summer (2553 , pi 1)
Sarsia mirabilis L. Agassiz - (2031 ,p25)
Dist: Puget Sound (2031) to central Calif. (2033)
Hab: Pelagic
Stomotoca L. Agassiz, 1 862- (2033 , p39 )
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p39)
Stomotoca atra Agassiz - (2031,p27)
Dist: Puget Sound (2031) to central Calif. (2033,p39)
Hab: Pelagic
Syncoryne eximia (Allman, 1859) - (2033,p32)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p32)
Syncoryne mirabilis (Agassiz, 1862) (2033,p32)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p32)
Tubulajria crocea (Agassiz, 1862) - (2033,p32)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033, p32); abundant on
Fruitvale Bridge, Oakland, in summer (2033,p32)
341
-------
COELENTERATA - HYDROZOA - Milliporina
Tubularia marina Torrey, 1902 - (2033,p32)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p32)
Turris neglecta Lesson, 1843 (2033,p32)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p32)
Turritopsis nutricula McCrady, 1857 -(2033,p32)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p32)
Order: Milleporina
Allopora porphyra (Fisher, 1931) - (2033,p34)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033, p34), encrusting
Order: Trachylina
Aegina citria Eschscholtz, 1829 -(2553,pl2)
Aegina citrea - (2341)
Coll: British Columbia (25 53, pi 2), Oregon (2341)
Remarks: Deep, common, all year (2553 , pi 2)
Aeginutra grimaldii Mass - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Aglantha digitale Muller. 1766 - (2553, pi 2)
Coll: British Columbia (2553, pi 2), Oregon (2341)
Remarks: Deep, common, summer (2553 , pi 2)
Botrynema brucei Browne - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Colobonema serviceum Vanhoffen - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Crossota rufobrunnea (Kramp) - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
342
-------
COELENTERATA - HYDROZOA - Trachylina
Cunina octonaria McCrady - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Gonionemus vertens A. Agassiz 1862 - (2031,p35)
Dist: Puget Sound (2031 ,p35) to central Calif. (2033,p39)
Hab: Pelagic, among Zostera
Halicreas minimum Fewke s - ( 2341 )
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Pantachogon haeckeli Mass - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Solmissus incisa (Fewkes) (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341 )
Solmissus marshalli Agassiz and Mayer - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Vallentinia adherens Hyman, 1947 -(2033,p39)
Coll: Off Hopkins Marine Station, Monterey Bay, Calif. (2033,p39)
Hab: Common on Macrocystis (2033,p39)
Order: Siphonophora
Bargmannia sp. - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Chelophyes appendiculata (Eschscholtz) - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Chuniphyes moserae Totton - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Chuniphyes multidentata Lens and van Riemsdijk - (2341
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Diphyes sp.
Coll: Washington (2031)
Hab: (deep water form) pelagic (2031 , p39 )
343
-------
COELENTERATA - HYDROZOA - Siphonophora
Lensia conoidea (Kefferstein and Ehlers) -(2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Muggiaea atlantica Cunningham - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Nanomia bijuga Chiaje, 1841 -(2553,pl7)
Coll: British Columbia; Wash: Oak Bay and Friday Harbor (2553, p!7)
Nanomia cara A. Agassiz, 1865 -(2553,pl7)
Coll: B.C. (2553,p!7); Wash: Friday Harbor, Oak Bay, Sidney
Island (2553, p!7); Oregon (2341)
Physophora hydrostatica Forskal - (2341 )
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Praya dubia (Quoy and Gaimard) - (2341 )
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Praya reticulata (Bigelow) - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Sulculeolaria quadrivalvis Blainville - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Velella lata Chamisso and Eysenhardt -(2031,p41)
Dist: Puget Sound to central Calif. (2033,p23)
Hab: Pelagic (2033 ,p23 )
Velella velella (L. ) - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Vogita spinosa Kefferstein and Ehlers - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Class: SCYPHOZOA
Allopora verrilli Pall, 1884 (3003,p8)
Coll: Oregon 92m (3003,p8)
344
-------
COELENTERATA - SCYPHOZOA
Aquorea aquorea (Forsakali) - (3804,plOO)
Coll: B.C. (3804, pi 00); Calif: (2033)
Hab: Conspicuous around floats, wharves, face current drift
(3804,plOO)
Food: Small fish (3804, pi 00)
Atolla vanhoeffeni Russel - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Atolla wyvillei Haeckel - (2341 )
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Aurellia aurita (Linnaeus) - (2033,p41, 45)
Aurelia (2033 , p41)
Dist: Puget Sound to central Calif. (2033, p41)
Hab: Pelagic
Aurellia labiata Chamisso and Eysenhardt, 1820 - (2033, p41) (3804, pi 01)
Dist: B.C. to central Calif. (2033 , p41 ) (3804, pi 01)
Hab: Pelagic in Ore. (2341); intertidal in Calif. (2033,p41); noticeable
in bays and arms where trapped (3804, pi 01)
Life cycle: Vegetative stage found on solid support; adult: free
swimming (3804, pi 01 )
Chrysaora melanaster Brandt, 1838 - (2033,p41)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p41)
Cyanea capillata Eschscholtz - (3804,p!02) (2031,p43)
C. capillata Linnaeus, 1746 - (2033,p41)
Dist: B.C. to central Calif. ( 2033 , p41 ) (3804, pi 02)
Coll: Puget Sound, pelagic (2031,p43); taken in 7-12. 5 fms
off Oregon in trawl (3412)
Hab: Along coastline drifting with tide, found inshore and far
out (3804,p!02)
Misc. : Stinging cells contain several toxins, irritate human skin
(3804,p!02)
Euplexaura marki Kukenthal, 1912 (3003,p8)
Coll: Oregon 64-200m (3003,p8)
345
-------
COELENTERATA - SCYPHOZOA
Haliclystus sanjceanensis - (2031, p47 )
Coll: False Bay, Puget Sound (2031) (2033)
Hab: Attached to eel grass or other sea weed (2031 , p47)
Lieoptilus quadriangularis (Moroff, 1902) - (2003,p8)
Coll: Oregon 50-86m (3003,p8)
Metridium sp. -(3003,p8)
Coll: Oregon, 1 00m (3003 , p8 ),
Oncosoecia sp. - (3003,p8)
Coll: Oregon, 95m ( 3003 , p8)
Paraphyllina _ran_soni Russel - (2341 )
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Pelagia panopyra (Peron and Lesueur, 1807) -(2033,p41)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033 ,p41 )
Periphylla periphylla (Peron and Lesueur) -(2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Phacellophora camtschatica Brandt, 1838 - (2033,p41 )
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p41)
Class: ANTHOZOA
Aiptasiomorpha luciae (Verrill, 1899) -(2744,p49)
Dist: From Japan and Alaska to southern Calif. (2744,p49)
Coll: Oregon (2744, p49)
Hab: Occurs abundantly on rocks, broken shells, piling and oysters
in larger bays of Oregon (2744,p49)
Anthopleura xanthogrammica (Brandt, 1835) - (2744,p!5)
Cribrina xanthogrammica
Dist: Abundant from Oregon to southern Calif, and Japan (2744,pl6)
Hab: Occurs from upper littoral to sub-littoral on rocky shores,
is also present in bays on piling (2744, pi 6)
346
-------
COELENTERATA ANTHOZOA
Balanophyllia elegons Verrill, 1864 - (2031,p53)
Dist: Puget Sound to central Calif. (2033) (2031)
Coll: Ore: Newport, 1 00m (2003 , p8)
Remark; This is the only northwest Pacific coral (2031 ,p53)
Bunodactis elegantissima (Brandt, 1835) (2744,p!9)
Dist: Abundant along entire coast fromSitka, Alaska to southern
Calif. (2744,p20)
Coll: Oregon (2744,p20)
Hab: Always found in colonies on rocks or piling of open coast
or bays. Occurs primarily in upper littoral regions
(2744,p20)
Cribrina xanthogrammica (Brandt)
See Anthopleura xanthogrammica
Diadumene sp. (Cuttress, 1949) - (2744,p45)
Coll: Found along entire Oregon coast (2744, p45)
Hab; Occurs intertidally and sub-tidally, in colonies firmly
attached to rocks and piling in bays (Cuttress never found
this anemone on open coast) (2744, p45)
Epiactis sp. (Cuttress, 1949) -(2744,p29)
Coll: Oregon (from Astoria to Brookings) (2744,p29)
Hab: Southern form occurs intertidally on rocks of open coast.
Northern form occurs sub-tidally on rocks and epizoically
on Pecten and Cancer (2744,p29)
Epiactis prolifera Verrill 1869 - (2744,p26) (2031,p59)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (2744,p26)
Coll: Puget Sound (2031); Oregon (2744, p26); central Calif.
(2033,P46)
Hab: Intertidal, attached firmly to rocks on open coast. Occurs
from upper littoral to sub-littoral (2744, p26); bottom of
tide pools, eel grass (2031,p59)
Epiactis artemisia (Dana 1849) - (2744,p23)
Dist: Alaska to northern Calif. (2744,p23)
Coll: Oregon, entire coast ( 2744, p23)
Hab: Occurs from upper littoral to sub-littoral on open coast and
in bays. Almost always found firmly attached in holes
in rocks with only tentacles protruding. Attains much
larger size in bays (2744, p23)
347
-------
COELENTERATA ANTHOZOA
Halcampa juodecimcirrata (Sars 1851) (2744,p!2)
Dist: Pysht, Washington to southern Calif. (2744,p!2)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay (2744, pi 2)
Hab: Adults are found buried in sand and finely broken shell in
tide pools among the rocks. Generally animals are com-
pletely covered but on cloudy days disc and tentacles
are frequently visible. Often found in association -with
Leptosynapta. Larva parasitic on medusae (2744, pi 2)
Metridium marginaturn Ellis (2031,p55)
Coll: Puget Sound (2031 )
Hab: Deep water (orange and yellow), rocks and wharf piles
(white) (2031 ,p55)
Metridium senile (Linnaeus 1767) (2744,p38)
Coll: Oregon coast (2744,p38)
Metridium senile dianthus Oken 1815 - (2744,p39)
Dist: Boreal and circumpolar (2744,p39)
Coll: Common on Oregon coast (2744)
Hab: Occurs subtidally and rarely intertidally; found attached to
rocks and piling of open coast and larger bays (2744,p39)
Metridium senile fimbriatum Verrill 1865 - (2744,p40)
Dist: Alaska to northern Calif. (2744,p41)
Coll: Entire Oregon coast (2744)
Hab: Lower littoral to sub-littoral on open coast; occurs firmly
attached in holes or to undersurfaces of rocks (2744,p41)
Peachia quinquecapitata McMurrich 1913 -(2744,p9)
Coll: B. C. : Departure Bay, Vancouver Island; Wash: Friday
Harbor; Ore: Coos Bay (2744,p9)
Hab: Occur mostly subtidally; many larvae taken in Coos Bay were
attached to subumbrellar surfaces of hydroid medusae,
Phialidium gregarium ( 2744, p9)
Ptilosarcus quadrangularis Moroff (2031,p49)
Coll: Puget Sound (2031 ,p49)
Hab: Deep water (2031 , p49 )
348
-------
COELENTERATA - INCERTAE SEDIS
Stylatula elongata (Gabb) - (2031,p51)
Dist: Puget Sound to central Calif. (2031) (2033)
Coll: Ore: Newport 1 65-190m (3003 , p8)
Hab: Lower end buried (subtidal) (2031,p51)
Tealia felina (Linne 1767) - (2744,p32)
Dist: Alaska to northern Calif. , boreal (2744, p32)
Coll: Common on Oregon coast (2744,p32)
Hab: Occurs from upper littoral to sub-littoral on rocks of open
coast and bays (2744, p32)
Tealia felina coriacea - (2744,p34)
Dist: Common from Alaska to northern Calif. , boreal (2744, p32)
Coll: Oregon (2744,p32)
Hab: Lives buried in gravel and shell under rocks (2744, p34)
Tealia felina crassicornis - (2744,p33)
Dist: Alaska to northern Calif. , boreal (2744, p32)
Coll: Oregon (2744,p32)
Hab: Occurs fromupper littoral to sub-littoral on rocks of
open coast and bays (2744,p32)
Tealia felina lofotensis - (2744,p34)
Dist: Occurs from Alaska tonorthern Calif., boreal (2744, p32)
Coll: Ore: deep water form but rarely occurs intertidally (2744, p34)
Class: INCERTAE SEDIS
Dimophyes arctica Chun, 1897 (2553, pi7)
Coll: B.C. region (2553, p!7)
Remarks: Deep, common, all year (2553 , pi 7)
Lensia baryi Totton, 1965 (2553,p!7)
Coll: B. C. (2553, pi 7); type specimen from Burke Channel (2553, pi 7)
Remarks: Deep, rare, spring and summer
349
-------
CTENOPHORA
PHYLUM CTENOPHORA
Beroe cucumis Fabricus, 1780 - (2033,p48)
Coll: Oregon (2341); central Calif, coast (2033 , p48)
Hab: Inter tidal (2033 , p48)
Beroe forskalii Milne-Edwards 1841 - (2031,p63)
Coll: Puget Sound (2031 ,p63); central Calif. (2033,p48)
Hab: Pelagic
Bolinopsis infundibulum (Muller, 1776) -(2553,p20)
Coll: British Columbia region (2553,p20)
Remarks: Surface, abundant. This is a fragile species which
disintegrates in a plankton net. Observed in shallow water
of Departure Bay and Long Harbour in spring of 1967
(2553,P20)
Bolinopsis microptera (A. Agassiz, 1865) -(2033,p48)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033 , p48)
Euplokamis californiensis Torrey, 1904 - (2033,p48)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast ( 2033 , p48)
Hormiphora sp. -(2033,p48)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033, p48)
Leucothea sp. (2033, p48)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p48)
Mertensia ovum (Fabricius, 1780) (2033,p48)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p48)
Pleurobrachia bachei A. Agassiz - (2031 ,p6l)
Coll: Puget Sound (2031); central Calif. (2033,p48)
Hab: Pelagic
Pleurobrachia pileus (Muller) - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
350
-------
PLATYHELMINTHES - TURBELLARIA
PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES
Class: TURBELLARIA
Acerotisa alba (Freeman) 1933 - (2998,p378)
Coll: Puget Sound (2998, p378)
Hab: On hydroids at old marine station (2998,p378)
Alloioplana californica (Heath and McGregor. 1912) -(2033,p53)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p53)
Childia groenlandica (Levinsen. 1879) -(3503,p2)
Syn: C. spinosa Graff. 1911; C. altica Luther, 1912
Dist: Possibly circumpolar and circumboreal, south to San
Francisco Bay (3502, p5)
Cryptophallus ma gnus Freeman - (2031 ,p67)
Coll: Washington (2031)
Hab: Attached to rocks, can swim ( 203 1 , p67)
Diatomovora amoena - (2997,pl6l)
Coll: South Slough at Charleston, Ore. (43°20.4'N, 1 24°19. 5'W)
Hab: In washings of Ulva and Enteromorpha taken from muddy
sand(2997,p!6l)
Eurylepta aurantiaca Heath and McGregor, 1912 - (2033,p53)
Dist: Vancouver Island to San Diego region (2998, p372)
Coll: Wash: Clayoquot, Round Island (2998 , p372), PeavinePass,
Puget Sound dredged at 40m (3504, pi 0); intertidal on
central Calif, coast ( 2033 , p53)
Eurylepta leoparda Freeman, 1933 (2998,p372)
Coll: Puget Sound (2998,p388)
Freemania litoricola (Heath and McGregor, 1912) -(2033,p53)
Coll: B. C. : Vancouver Island, Queen Charlotte Islands (2998,p337)
Wash: Puget Sound (2998 , p337); central Calif, coast (2033 , p53)
(2033,P53)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 ,p53)
351
-------
PLATYHELMINTHES - TURBELLARIA
Kaburakia excelsa Bock, 1925 (2033,p53)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to central Calif, coast (2033, p53)
Coll: B. C. : Along shore of Vancouver Island (2998,p291);
Wash: Puget Sound (2998 , p291)
Hab: Rocky shores, under rocks, sluggish ( 2998 , p291)
Leptoplana chloranota (Boone, 1929) - (2033,p54)
Dist: Puget Sound, B.C. to central Calif, coast (2033, p54)
(2998,p311)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p54); littoral, under stones (2998, p311)
Leptoplana vesiculata Hyman, 1939 -(2998,p388, 313)
Coll: Puget Sound (2998 , p388)
Notoplana acticola (Boone, 1929) -(2033,p54)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p54)
Notoplana celeris Freeman, 1933 -(2998,p329)
Coll: Puget Sound (2998, p330)
Notoplana inquieta (Heath and McGregor, 1912) -(2033,p54)
Dist: Puget Sound, B. C. (2998,p320) to central Calif, coast
(2033,P54)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p54)
Notoplana inquilina, Hyman - (3 504, pi)
Coll: Wash: Cowlitz Bay, Waldron Island, Puget Sound (3504, p2)
Hab: On inner surface of shells containing hermit crabs taken at
8-l6m (3504,p2)
Notoplana longastyletta (Freeman, 1933) - (2033,p54)
Dist: Puget Sound (2998,p327) to central Calif, coast (2033,p54)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p54)
Notoplana natans Freeman, 1933 -(2033,p54)
Dist: Puget Sound (2998,p329) to central Calif, coast (2033,p54)
Coll: Wash: Olga, False Bay at Orcas Island, Turn Rock (2998, p329)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p54)
Notoplana rupicola (Heath and McGregor. 1912) -(2033.p54)
Coll: Cape Kiwanda, Oregon, 50 fms (2998,p317); central Calif.
coast, intertidal (2033, p54)
352
-------
PLATYHELMINTHES - TURBELLARIA
Notoplana sanguinea Freeman. 1933 (2033,p54)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound near Olga, Turn Rock (2998 , p328);
central Calif, coast ( 2033 , p54)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p54)
Notoplana sanjuania Freeman, 1933 - (2033,p54)
Coll: Alaska (2998, p332); Puget Sound (2998 , p332);
Central Calif, coast (2033 , p54)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p54)
Notoplana saxicola (Heath and McGregor, 1912) - (2033,p54)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , p54)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p54)
Plehnia caeca Hyman, 1953 (2033,p53)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033 , p53)
Phylloplana viridis (Freeman) 1933 -(2998,p334)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound at False Bay (2998, p334)
Polychoerus carmelensis Costello and Costello, 1938 - (2033, p53)
Coll: Monterey peninsula (2033, p53)
Hab: Abundant on Ulva and stones in high tide pools; excellent
for class study (2033, p53)
Pseudoceros canadensis Hyman, 1953 - (2033,p53)
Coll: B. C. : Clayoquot (2998 , p368); Wash: Puget Sound, crawling
on Ulva and eelgrass (3504, pi 0); central Calif, coast
(2033,P53)
Pseudoceros luteus (Plehn, 1898) - (2033,p53)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , p53)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p53)
Pseudoceros montereyensis Hyman, 1953 (2033.p53)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p53)
Pseudostylochus burchami (Heath and McGregor) 1912 - (2998,p358)
Dist: Puget Sound south into Mexican waters (2998,p359)
Coll: Ore: Depoe Bay, trawled (2998, p359); Calif: intertidal
on central coast(2033,p54)
Pseudostylochus ostreophagus , Hyman - (3504,p4)
Coll: Puget Sound (3504, p4)
Hab: Preying on Ostrea lurida (3504 ,p4)
353
-------
PLATYHELMINTHES - TURBELLARIA
Stylochoplana ffracilis Heath and McGregor, 1912 - (2033,p54)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast ( 2033 , p54)
Stylochus atentaculatus Hyman, 1953 - (2033,p54)
Dist: Oregon to Lower Calif. , more common in northern part
of its range (2998,p285)
Coll: Ore: Charleston, intertidal zone; Cape Arago State Park
(2998,P285); Calif: (2033,p54)
Stylochus californicus Hyman, 1953 -(2033,p54)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p54)
Stylochus exigtms Hyman, 1953 (2033,p54)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p54)
Stylochus franciscanus Hyman, 1953 - (2033, p54)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p54)
Stylochus tripartitus Hyman, 1953 (2033,p54)
Dist: Oregon to lower end of Lower Calif. (2998,p283)
Coll: Ore: Fossil Point, Coos Bay (2998, p283); Calif: intertidal
(2033,P54)
Syndesmis dendrastrorum Stunkard and Corliss, 1951 -(2033,p53)
Coll; La Jolla, Calif. (2033,p53)
Hab: Reported from intestine of sand dollar Dendraster at
La Jolla (2033, p53)
Syndesmis_ franciscana (Lehman, 1946) - (2033,p53)
Syndesyrinx franciscana - (2032)
Coll: Oregon; central Calif, coast (2033 , p53)
Hab: Common in intestines of sea urchins Strongylocentrotus
(good class material) (2033 7p53)
Other: Histology (2089)
354
-------
PLATYHELMINTHES - TREMATODA - Monogenea
Class: TREMATODA
Order: Monogenea
Megalocotyle trituba Pratt and Aldrich. 1953 -(3017,p6)
Coll: Ore: Lincoln Co. (3019,p6)
Hab: Parasite of Sebastodes paucispinus, J3. alutus, S_. diploproa,
S_. pinniger, and 5. ruberrimus (3017)
Microcotyle sebastis Goto, 1894 - (3019,p9)
Coll: Washington, Oregon (301 9 , p9 )
Hab: Parasite of Sebastodes maliger,, S^. melcnops, S_. caurines,
and Ophiodon elongatus (3019)
Nitzchia quaditestes Pratt and Hermann, 1962
Coll: Off mouth of Columbia River in Pacific Ocean and upstream
to vicinity of Rainier, Oregon (3400)
Hab: Parasite of Acipenser transmontanus Richardson and rarely
Acipenser medirostris Ay re s
Order: Digenea
Accacladocoelium macrocotyle (Diesing, 1858)Odhner, 1928 (3019,p!3
Coll: Ore: Pacific Oecan off Newport (3019, pi 3)
Hab: Parasite of Mola mo la (3019)
Bucephalopsis ozakii (Ozaki, 1928) Nagaty, 1937 - (3019spl9)
Coll: B. C. ; Ore: Lincoln Co. (3019,p!9)
Hab: Parasite of Salvelinus malma, Platyichthys stellatus, and
Leptocottus armatus (3019)
Brachyphallus crenatus (Rudolphi, 1802)Odhner, 1905 -(3019,p30)
Coll: B. C. ; Washington; Oregon (3019, p30)
Hab: Parasite of Salvelinus malma and Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
(3019)
Derogenes crassus Manter, 1934 (3019,p31)
Coll: Oregon (3019,p31)
Hab: Parasite of Ophiodon elongatus and Sebastodes paucispinus
(3027)
355
-------
PLATYHELMINTHES -TREMATODA - Digenea
Derogenes various (Mueller, 1784)Looss, 1901 -(3019,p31)
Coll: Washington; Oregon (3019 , p31 )
Hab: Parasite of many species of fish (3019)
Genolinea laticauda Manter, 1925 - (3019;p32)
Coll: B.C.; Washington; Oregon (3019 , p32) (3027)
Hab: Parasite of Scorpaenichthys mormoratus, Ophiodon elongatus,
Leptocottus armatus, Enophrys bison, and Blepsias
cirrhosis (3027), Clinocottus globiceps^ and Olizocottus
maculosus (3403)
Genolinea manteri Lloyd, 1938 - (3019,p32)
Coll: Washington; Oregon (3019 ; p32)
Hab: Parasite of Leptocottus armatus, Lumpenus sagitta,
Enophrys bison, and Dasycottus setiger (3019,3027)
Genolinea montereyensis Annereaux, 1947 (3019;p32)
Coll: Oregon (3019,p32) (3027)
Hab: Parasite of Leptocottus armatus (3027)
Hemiurus levin seni Odhner, 1905 (3019, p3 3)
Coll: B. C. : Washington; Oregon (3019, p33)
Hab: Parasite of Oncorhyncus tshawytscha, O_. gorbuscha,
Sebastodes ruberrimus , S. caurinus , Ophiodon elongatus ,
Microgadus proximus, and Theragra chalcogramma (3019)
Lecithaster salmonis Yamaguti, 1934 - (301 9 , p33)
Coll: B. C. : Washington (3019,p33)
Hab: Parasite of Clinocottus acuticeps, ^C_. embryum, _C. globicens,
and Olizocottus snyderi (3403)
Lecithochirium exodicurn McFarlane, 1936 - (3019,p34)
Coll: B. C. : Washington; Oregon: Cape Arago (3019, p34) (3025)
Hab: Parasite of Eopsetta jordani (3025)
Neopodocotyloides pedunculata (Park, 1937) - (3137)
Coll: Oregon tidepools (3403)
Hab: Parasite of Olizocottus maculosus (3403)
Otodistomum veliporum (Creplin. 1 837 ) Stafford, 1904 (3019, p!7)
Coll: Washington; Ore: Lincoln Co. (3 019, pi 7)
Hab: Parasite of Raja binoculata and Hexanthus griseus (3019)
356
-------
PLATYHELMINTHES - TREMATODA - Digenea
Podocotyle atomon (Rudolph!, 1802) Odhner, 1905 (3019,p45)
Coll: B.C. (3019,p45); Oregon (3403)
Hab: Parasite of Clinocottus globiceps (3403)
Podocotyle blennicottusi Park, 1937 (3137)
Coll: Oregon tidepools (3403)
Hab: Parasite of Clinocottus globiceps (3403)
Podocotyle californica Park, 1937 - (3137)
Coll: Oregon tidepools (3403)
Hab: Parasite of Clinocottus globiceps and Olizocottus maculosus
(3403)
Podocotyle olssoni Odhner, 1905 -(3019,p45)
Coll: Ore: Coos Co. (3019,p45)
Hab: Parasite of Leptocottus armatus (3019)
Podocotyle reflexa (Creplin 1825) Odhner 1905 - (3019,p46)
Coll; B. C. ; Oregon (3019, p46)
Hab: Parasite of Signathus griseo-lineatus, Leptocottus armatus,
and Clinocottus globiceps (3019) (3403)
Prosorhynchus squamatus Odhner, 1905 (3019, pi 9)
Coll: Ore: Lincoln Co. (3019,p!9)
Hab: Parasite of Enophrys bison (3019)
Syncoelium katuwo Yamaguti, 1938 (3019:p55)
S. filiferum (Sars) - (3019)
Coll: Washington (3019, p5 5)
Hab: Parasite of Oncorhyncus nerka and O. gorbuscha (3019)
Telolecithus pugetensis Lloyd and Guberlet, 1932 - (3019, p40)
Coll: B. C. ; Washington; Oregon (3019 ;p40)
Hab: Parasite of Cymatogaster aggregates (3019)
Remarks: Life history (3232)
Tubulovesicula lindbergi (Layman, 1930) Yamaguti 1939 - (3019,p35)
Coll: B. C. ; Washington; Oregon; California
Hab: Parasite of numerous fish species (3019,p35)
Remarks: Synonyms and hosts (3019,p35)
357
-------
PLATYHELMINTHES - CESTODA
Zoogonoides viviparus (Olsson, 1868) Odhner, 1902 (3019,p56)
Coll: Washington (3019 ;p56); Oregon (3403)
Hab: Parasite of Microstomus pacificus, Clinocottus globiceps,
and Olizocottus snyderi (3019) (3403)
Class: CESTODA
Although, several species of tapeworm are known to occur in coastal
hosts of the Pacific Northwest, none was found to be reported in the
literature.
PHYLUM NEMERTEA
Amphiporus angulatus (Fabr. ) Verrill - (2091 , pi 22)
Dist: Bering Strait to Puget Sound; New England to Greenland
(2091,pi 22)
Amphiporus bimaculatus Coe, 1901 -(2033,p59)
Dist: Southern Alaska; Puget Sound to Monterey Bay, Calif.
(2091,p!22)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p59)
Amphiporus brunneus Griffin - (2091 ,p!22)
Coll: Puget Sound (2091,pi 22)
Amphiporus drepanophoroides Griffin - (2091 , pi 22)
Coll: Puget Sound (2091 , pi 22)
Amphiporus formidabilis Griffin -(2091, pi 22)
Dist: Aleutian Island, Alaska to Monterey Bay, Calif. (2091, p!22)
Amphiporus imparispinosus Griffin, 1898 -(2033,p59)
Dist: Pacific coast of Alaska to southern coast of Calif. (2091, p!22)
Hab: Among coralline algae on exposed rocks (2033,p59)
Amphiporus nebulosus Coe - (2091 , pi 22)
Dist: Pacific coast of Alaska Peninsula (2091 ,p!22)
358
-------
NEMERTEA
Amphiporus tigrinus Coe - (2091, p!22)
Coll: British Columbia (2091 , pi 22)
Baseodiscus punnetti (Coe, 1904) - (2033,p59)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p59)
Carinella albocincta Coe - (2091 , pi 21)
Coll: Off San Pedro, Calif. (2091, pi 21)
Carinella capistrata Coe - (2091 , pi 21 )
Dist: Prince William Sound, Alaska to Monterey Bay, Calif.
(2091,p!21)
Carinella cingulata Coe - (2091 , pi 21)
Coll: Monterey Bay, Calif. (2091, p!21)
Carinella frenata Coe - (2091 , p!21 )
Coll: San Pedro, Calif. (2091,p!21)
Carinella rubra Griffin (2091, pi 21)
Dist: Whole Pacific coast of Alaska to Vancouver Island, B. C.
(2091,p!21)
Hab: Lies under stones or crawls on sand (2031,p73)
Carinella sexlineata Griffin - (2091.pl 21)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to San Pedro, Calif. (2091,p!21)
Carinoma mutabilis Griffin, 1898 - (2033,p59)
Dist: Vancouver Island, B. C. to San Pedro and San Diego, Calif.
(2091,pi 21)
Hab: In mud flats (2033,p59)
Carcinonemertes epialti Coe , 1902 (2033,p59)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033)
Hab: In egg masses of Pugettia and other crabs (2033,p59)
Cephalothrix linearis (Rathke) Oersted - (2091, pi 21)
Dist: Whole Pacific coast of Alaska to southern coast of Calif. ;
New England; northern coasts of Europe; Mediterranean
Sea (2091,p!21)
359
-------
NEMERTEA
Cerebratulus albifrons Coe - (2091 , p!23)
Dist: Southeastern coast of Alaska to southern coast of Calif.
(2091,pl23)
Cerebratulus californiensis Coe, 1905 - (2033,p59)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033)
Hab: In sand and mud flats (2033,p59)
Cerebratulus herculeus Coe - (2091 ,p!23)
Dist: Southeast coast of Alaska; Puget Sound (2091 ,p!23)
Cerebratulus marginatus Renier - (2091,pl23)
Dist: Southeastern coast of Alaska to southern coast of Calif.;
New England to Greenland; northern coasts of Europe;
Mediterranean Sea (2091 ,p!23)
Cerebratulus montgomeryi Coe - (2091,pl23)
Dist: Aleutian Island, Alaska to Puget Sound (2091 ,p!23)
Cerebratulus occidentalis Coe (2091»pl23)
Dist: Pacific coast of Alaska to British Columbia (2091 ;p!23)
Emple ctonema burgeri Coe - (2091 , pl 21)
Dist: Southern coast of Alaska to Puget Sound (2091 ,p!21)
Hab: Under stones on sandy beaches (2031,p71)
Emplectonema gracile (Johnston, 1837) - (2033,p59)
Emple ctonema gracile( Johnston, 1837) Verrill - (2091 ,p!21)
Dist: Whole Pacific coast of Alaska to Monterey Bay, Calif. ;
northern coasts of Europe; Mediterranean Sea; Madeira
(2091,p!21)
Hab: Occurs in masses among mussels and barnacles on pilings
(2033,p59)
Lineus vegetus Coe, 1931 -(2033,p59)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p59)
Malacobdella grossa (O. F. Muller, 1776) -(2033,p59)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast ( 2033 , p59)
Micrura alaskensis Coe. 1901 -(2033,p59)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033)
Hab: In mud flats (2033,p59)
360
-------
NEMERTEA
Micrura impressa (Stimpson) Coe - (2091,pi 23)
Dist: Bering Strait to Puget Sound (2091 , pi 23)
Micrura pardalis Coe, 1905 (2033,p59)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast ( 2033 , p59 )
Micrura verrilli Coe, 1901 -(2033,p59)
Dist: Pacific coast of Alaska to Monterey Bay, Calif. (2091,p!23)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p59 )
Nemertopsis gracilis Coe, 1904 - (2033,p59)
Coll: Central Calif, coast ( 2033 , p59 )
Hab: Under large boulders embedded in coarse sand (2033, p59)
Paranemertes carnea Coe - (2091, p!22)
Dist: Pacific coast of Alaska and British Columbia (2091 ;p!22)
Paranemertes peregrina Coe - (2091,p!21)
Dist: Whole Pacific coast of Alaska to southern coast of Calif.
(2091,p!21)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound ( 203 1 , p7 5); Calif: central (2033 , p59 )
Hab: Crawls on sand or stones (2031,p75); among mussels and
corallines on exposed rocks, often out in open (2033,p59)
Tetrastemma nigrifrons Coe, 1904 - (2033,p59)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033,p59)
Tubulanus pellucidus (Coe, 1895) - (2033,p59) (2686)
Coll: Clam Beach, Mad River, Calif. (2686,p32)
Hab: In mud, sands, gravel, and under stones (2033,p59) intertidal
(2686, p32); in delicate tubes under stones, among algae,
or in sand (2033,p57)
Tubulanus polymorphus Renier, 1804 (2033,p59)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , p59 )
Hab: Under heavy boulders bedded in gravel(2033,p59)
Tubulanus sexlineatus (Griffin, 1898) (2033,p59)
Coll: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033 , p59 )
361
-------
ACANTHOCEPHALA
PHYLUM ACANTHOCEPHALA
Illiosentis centratus Van Cleave 1945
Coll: California
Hab: Parasite of Menticirrhus undulatus, Roncador stearnsi, and
Umbrina roncador (3132)
Polymorphus altmani (Perry, 1942) Van Cleave, 1947
Coll: California
Hab: Parasite of Melanitta perspicillata and Melanitta deglandi
(3182)
Rhadinorhynchus coloabis Laurs and McCauley - (3404)
Coll: Oregon, 42° OO'N and 1 26°00' W (3404)
Hab: Parasite of Cololabis saira (Brevoort. 1850) (3404)
PHYLUM PRIAPULIDA
Priapulus caudatus Lamarck, 1816
Dist: Puget Sound to Tomales Bay (2033, pi 11); northern Japan,
North Atlantic (2033 , pi 11 )
Hab: Sticky mud bottom, moves about the substrate (2033, pill)
Ecology: (2102)
Description of Larva: (2034)
Morphology of Larva: (2103)
PHYLUM NEMATODA
Dag da phenneyi Murphy 1964
Coll: Ore: Umpqua Light House State Park, Sandy Beach,
intertidal (3394)
Desmodora papillastoma Murphy, 1962
Coll: Ore: 2 mi. offshore from Newport; from a sandy substrate
(dredge)(2704)
362
-------
NEMATODA
Laura tone ma obtusicaudatum Murphy and Jensen 1961
Coll: Ore: South. Slough, Charleston (3015)
Hab: Subtidal (3015)
Mononchus truncatus Bastian, 1865
Coll: Ore: Gold Beach, Pacific City, Tillamook, Yaquina Head
(2019)
Hab: Intertidal (ocean shores) (2019.)
Notochaetosoma costeriata Murphy, 1963
Coll: Ore: Marine Gardens, north of Devils Punch Bowl; associated
with hold-fast of Costeria costata (3396)
Oncholaimus dujardinioides Chitwood, I960
Coll: Calif: Dillon Beach (339 1 )
Hab: Algae behind rocks, between tide levels (3391)
Oncholaimus skawensis H. Ditlevsen, 1921
Coll: Calif: Dillon Beach (3391)
Hab: Holdfasts of Egregia laevigata Setchell (3391)
Phanoderma segments Murphy, 1963
Coll: Ore: Devils Punch Bowl (3396)
Hab: Intertidal, rock scrapings (3396)
Phyllolaimus tridentatus Murphy 1963
Coll: Ore: Newport from intertidal beach sand exposed to moderate
wave action (3395)
Pomponema polydonta Murphy 1963
Coll: Ore: Newport from intertidal beach sand exposed to moderate
wave action (3395)
Pontharpinia obtusidens^ Alderman
Dist: Oregon to California
Coll: Ore: Sunset Bay (2008 , p4)
Hab: Subtidal (Alan Hancock Foundation Stn. 1464-42) (2008, p4)
Porracaeu'um decipiens
Larvae in Pacific rockfish Sebastodes alutus (erroneously referred
to as trematode) (3233) (3409)
363
-------
NEMATODA
Prochromadora trisupplementa Murphy, 1963
Coll: Ore: Yaquina Head, Newport, from epiphytic filamentous
algae encompassing the stipe of Egregia menziessii
(Turner, 1800) Areachoug, 1876(3395)
Rhabdodemania minor (Southern 1914)
subsp. qregonensis Murphy
Dist: 2 miles offshore near Newport, Oregon (44° 53. 3 'N, 124°07.5'E)
from a sandy substrate at a depth of 55m (dredgings) (2704)
Rhynconema subsetosa Murphy, 1964
Coll: Ore: Governor Patterson Memorial State Park, near Waldport
(3393)
Hab; In sand washings from open beaches and in mid-tide zone
(3393)
Spilosphorella furecata Murphy, 1963
Coll: Ore: Devils Punch Bowl (3396)
Hab: Intertidal ropk scrapings (3396)
Synonchiella spiculora Murphy, 1962
Coll: Ore: 2 mi. offshore near Newport from sandy substrate
at 55m (dredgings) (2704)
Thoracostoma pacifica Murphy, 1965
Coll: Ore: Haystack Rock, from sediments under mussel beds
located in high-tide zone (3399)
PHYLUM ENTOPROCTA
Barentsia gracilis (M. Sars), 1835 - (2283,p765)
Dist: Cosmopolitan; number of localities in B. C. ; southern
Calif. (2283, p765)
Coll: Calif: Abundant in San Francisco Bay, imbedded in thick
mats largely of detritus and mucous secretion of animals
Temp: 16°C upper limit of material kept in finger bowl (3658)
20 °C causes high coloney disintegration (3658)
27 °C Entoprocts were collected without stalks or calyces
(3658)
364
-------
ENTOPROCTA
Barentsia gracilis var. nodosa (Lomax, 1886) (2033, p281)(2280, p92)
Coll: Wash: Griffin Bay, 1 5-23m (2280, p92); central Calif.
coast (2033,p281)
Hab: Under water in tide pools, on bases of corallines and other
algae (2033,p28l)
Barentsia parva (O'Donoghue and O'Donoghue) - (2280, p92)
Coll: Wash: Friday Harbor and Griffin Bay, 1 5-23m (2280, p92)
Barentsia ramosa (Robertson, 1900) - (2280,p92) (2033,p281)
Coll: Several localities in B. C. (2283, p767); Channel Rocks, Puget
Sound (2280, p92); Calif: central coast in tidepools on
bases of corallines and other algae (2033, p281)
Myosoma spinosa Robertson, 1900 -(2033,p281)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033, p281)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p281)
Pedicellina cernua (Pallas), 1771 - (2283, p763) (2033, p281)
Dist:, Cosmopolitan (2283, p763)
Coll: Several localities in B. C. , Five Fingers, B. C. ; Calif:
Tomales Bay and Lame Point and southern Calif. (2283,p763)
Hab: Littoral species, usually found on piles of docks or at low
tide (2283, P763)
Pedicellina nutans (?) Ballyell - (2635, p240)
Dist: Yakutat, Alaska to Tomales Bay, Calif. (2635, p240)
PHYLUM ECTOPROCTA
Class: CTENOSTOMATA
Alcyonidium gelatinosum (Linnaeus) (2280, p93)
Coll: Washington (2280)
Alcyonidium mammillatum Alder, 1857 - (2283, p729)
Coll: Vicinity of Vancouver Island; Friday Harbor; Puget
Sound; depth range 15-70 fms (2283, p730)
365
-------
ECTOPROCTA - CTENOSTOMATA
Alcyonidium mytili Dalyell, 1847 - (2033, p281)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033, p281)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p281)
Alcyonidium parasiticum (Fleming), 1828 - (2283, p729)
Dist: From Pacific Northwest to Tomales Bay, Calif. , at 5 fms
( 2283, p729)
Alcyonidium polyoum (Hassail, 1841) -(2033,p281)
Dist: Alaska (2283, p729) to central Calif, coast (2033, p281)
Coll: B.C. (2283, p729); Puget Sound (2283, p729)
Hab: Legs of old, heavily encrusted kelp crabs (2033, p281)
Bowerbankia gracilis var. aggregata Q'Donoghue, 1926 -(2033,p281)
Dist: Puget Sound, Wash, (intertidal to 9 fms) (2283, p744) to
central Calif, coast (2033, p281)
Hab: Extremely abundant on pilings (2033, p281)
Clavopora occidentalis (Fewkes), 1889 - (2283, p735)
Dist: Vancouver Island, B.C. to Calif. (2283, p736)
Farrella elongata (P. J. vanBeneden), 1845 - (2283, p750)
Coll: Ore: Coos County, intertidal (2283, p751)
Hab: Epizoic on chiton Ischnochiton mertensii; ventral surface of
chiton's girdle; dense mat-like network of colonies on
substrate (3799, p290)
Flustrella corniculata (Smitt, 1871) - (2283,p732) (2033,p281)
Dist: Vancouver Island region and Puget Sound, B.C. to Calif.
(2283,p733)
Hab: Depth range from intertidal to 36 fms (2283, p733); on coralline
algae (2033,p281)
Nolella stipata Gosse, 1855 - (2283, p737)
Dist: Queen Charlotte Islands, B. C. to Puget Sound, Wash.
(2283, p738)
Coll: B.C.: vicinity of Vancouver Island (2283, p738)
Hab: Depth range from 17-47 fms (2283, p738)
366
-------
ECTOPROCTA - CTENOSTOMATA
Triticella elongata (Qsburn, 1912) -(2033,p281)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , p281)
Hab: On legs of various crabs; because of transparency and
insensitivity to handling, this is superb class material
(2033,p281)
Class: CYCLOSTOMATA
Bicrisia edwardsiana (d'Orbigny), 1839 - (2283,p676)
Dist: Alaska to San Diego, Calif. , possibly extends along whole
Pacific coast (2283, p676)
Buskia nitens Alder, 1857 - (2283, p747)
Dist: B.C. to Coos County, Oregon, intertidal to 25 fms
(2283, p747)
Crisia edwardsiana (d'Orbigny) Busk - (2287,p237)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (2287;p239)
Coll: Alaska: between tide marks at Sitka, Juneau, Yakutat,
and Orca (2287; p239); Puget Sound: low tide on Channel
Rocks (2287, p239); Calif: between tide marks in company
with other species of Crisia at Fort Point and Lands
End, San Francisco; at Deadman's Island, San Pedro and
at La Jolla; dredged off San Diego in depths ranging from
16-30 fms (2287, p239)
Crisia franciscana (Robertson, 1910) - (2287, p233)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (2287, p235)
Coll: Alaska: Orca, growing on worm tubes; Puget Sound: low
tide (2287, p235); Calif: abundant between tide marks at
Fort Point and Land's End, San Francisco; also at Dillon
Beach, Navarro, and Pacific Grove; shore rocks at
Ballast Point, Coronado, and dredged at numerous stations
on coast of southern California in depths ranging from 2-
19 fms (2287, p235)
Crisia maxima Robertson, 1910 - (2283, p682)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (2283, p682)
Coll: B.C.: localities down to 25 fms (2283,p682); Calif: between
tide marks and dredged from San Pedro to Coronado
Island down to 40 fms (2283, p682)
367
-------
ECTOPROCTA - CYCLOSTOMATA
Crisia occidentalis Trask, 1857 - (2033, p281)
Dist: Washington (2280, p94) to central Calif. (2033, p281)
Coll: Wash: Copalis Rocks (2280, p94); Calif: between tide marks
at Land's End and Fort Point, San Francisco; in smaller
quantity at low tide on Deadman's Island, San Pedro; between
tide marks at Mendocino City and at Navarro; dredged in
10 fms off Santa Cruz lighthouse; dredged off San Pedro
in 2-6 fms (2287, p240)
Crisia serrata (Gabb and Horn, 1862) -(2033,p281)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033, p281)
Hab: Low intertidal among sponges and hydroids (2033, p281)
Crisia serrulata, Osburn, 1953 - (2283, p679)
Dist: A common species all along coast from B. C. southward
to 28°N (2283,p680)
Diaperoecia californica (d'Orbigny), 1852 - (2283,p642)
Dist: Northern limit of range is B. C. , most southern record is
Costa Rica (2283, p644)
Hab: Bathymetric range is low tide to about 100 fms (2283, p644)
Disporella fimbriata (Busk), 1875 - (2283, p709)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (2283, p709)
Coll: B.C.: Round Island (2283, p709)
Filicrisia franciscana (Robertson), 1910 - (2283, p677) (2033, p281)
Dist: Orca, Alaska to southern Calif. (2283, p678)
Coll: Puget Sound: San Juan Islands (2283, p678); No.Calif:
Mussel Point (2283, p678)
Hab: Often occurring in considerable masses on piles and floats;
low tide to 50 fms (2283, p678) (2033, p281)
Filicrisia geniculata (Milne-Edwards). 1838 (2283, p677)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2283, p677)
Coll: Calif: Dillon Beach, north of San Francisco; San Pedro
(2283,p677)
Heteropora alaskensis (Borg), 1933 - (2283,p695)
Dist: B.C.: Bentinck Islands, Clayoquot Wharf (2283, p696)
Ore: off Cape Arago lighthouse, 43020'26"N,
124°22'24"W, at very low tide, 5 fragments (2283, p696)
368
-------
ECTOPROCTA - CYCLOSTOMATA
Heteropora pacifica Borg, 1933 -(2283,p694)
Dist: Considerable range along Pacific coast from Alaska to
Calif. (2283, p695)
Heteropora pelliculata Waters - (2287,p258)
Dist: Puget Sound to northern Calif. (2287, p260)
Coll: Puget Sound: Channel Rocks, dredged at San Juan County
from unknown depth (2287, p260)
Idmonea californica d'Qrbigny, 1852 - (2033, p281)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033, p281)
Hab: On holdfasts, low intertidal or subtidal (2033, p281)
Lichenopora novae-zelandiae (Busk), 1875 - (2283, p705)
L/_. radiata, Robertson - southern Calif. (2283, p706)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2283, p706-707)
Proboscina major (Johnston), 1847 - (2283,p621)
Dist: B.C. to Galapagos Islands (2283, p622)
Coll: Puget Sound: San Juan Islands (2283, p622)
Stomatopora granulata (Milne-Edwards) - (2280, p93) (2283, p620)
Dist: B.C. to San Pedro, Calif. (2283, p620)
Coll: Puget Sound: San Juan Channel off Point Caution, 40-45m
(2280,P93)
Hab: On shells (2283, p620)
Tubulipora fasciculifera Hincks - (2280, p95)
Tubulipora tuba var. fasciculifera Hincks 1884 - (2283, p651)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (2283, p652)
Coll: Wash: Friday Harbor (2280, p95)
Tubulipora flabellaris (Fabricius) - (2280,p95) (2283,P657)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (2283,p658)
Coll: Puget Sound: Channel Rocks (2280, p95); Calif: San Pedro
(2287, P248)
Hab: On kelp (2287, p248)
Tubulipora occidentalis Robertson, 1910 - (2287,p249)
Dist: Channel Rocks, Puget Sound, Wash, to southern Calif.
(2287, p249)
369
-------
ECTOPROCTA - CYCLOSTOMATA
Tubulipora occidental! s Robertson, 1910 - continued
Coll: Calif: Whites Point, near San Pedro; Monterey Bay (2287,
p249)
Hab: Intertidal; infesting stems of coralline; dredged at several
stations off coast of southern Calif, in depths ranging
from 4-32 fms (2287, p249)
Tubulipora pacifica Robertson, 1910 - (2033, p281)
Dist: B.C. (2283,p652) to central Calif. (2033, p281)
Hab: Found on Mytilus shell fragments in lower intertidal (2033,
p281); apparently a shallow-water species, but dredged
down to 47 fms (2283, p652)
Tubulipora pulchra MacGillivray - (2280, p95) (2283, p653)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif, coast (2283, p653)
Tubulipora tuba (Gabb and Horn, 1862) - (2033, p281)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (2283, p650)
Coll: Puget Sound: San Juan Channel off Point Caution, 40-45m
(2280,p95); Calif: central coast (2033, p281)
Hab: Found on Mytilus shell fragments in lower intertidal (2033,
p281)
Class: CHEILOSTOMATA
Aetea anguina (Linnaeus, 1758) -(2281,pll)
Dist: Gabriola Pass, B.C. to San Diego, Calif., Peru, the
Galapagos Islands. Maine to Brazil on east coast,
shore line to 30 fms (2281, pi 1-12)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2281, pi 1-12); Ore: (2281, pi 1-12);
Calif: San Pedro (2281, pll-12)
Aetea recta Hincks- (2281,p!2)
Dist: San Juan Islands to islands off southern Calif. , Gulf of
Calif., shore to 80 fms (2281, p!2)
Aetea truncata (Landsborough) - (2280, p98) (2281, p!2)
Coll: Wash: Friday Harbor, San Juan Channel off Point Caution,
40-45m (2280, p98); So. Calif: Anacapa Island, 10-36 fms;
common along shore (2281, p!3)
370
-------
ECTOPROCTA - CHEILOSTOMATA
Arthropoma c^ciji (Audouin), 1826 - (2282, p333)
Dist: B.C. to San Pedro, Calif. (2282, p334)
Beania mirabilis Johnston, 1840 - (2281, p!70)
Dist: B.C. to Columbia (2281, pi 70)
Bugula californica Robertson, 1905 - (2033,p281)
Dist: B.C. to Galapagos Island (2281, p!57)
Coll: Calif: central (2033, p281)
Hab: Characteristic of low intertidal, beneath ledges; best
demonstration of avicularia (2033, p281)
Bugula flabellata (J. V. Thompson, 1847) - (3003, pl6)
Dist: Oregon, 92-128m (3003, pl6) to San Diego Bay, Calif.,
growing on piles (2281, p!57)
Bugula laxa Robertson - (2280, p99)
Dist: Puget Sound (Channel Rocks) (2280, p99) to Pacific Grove,
Calif. (2285, p276)
Bugula longirostrata Robertson, 1905 - (2281,p!56)
Dist: B.C. to Galapagos Island, from shore to 125 fms (2281,
P156)
Bugula neritina (Linnaeus, 1758) - (2033, p28l) (2281, p!55)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033, p281)
Hab: Characteristic of harbors and pilings (2033, p281)
Bugula pacifica Robertson - (2031, pl!3) (2281, p!55)
Dist: Pribilof Island, Bering Sea, to San Francisco Bay (2285, p270)
Coll: Puget Sound: Roche Harbor, Sidney, Channel Rocks (2280,
plOO)
Hab: Attached to rocks (2031,pl!3)
Bugula pugeti Robertson 1905 - (2280, plOO) (2281, p!58)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to San Francisco Bay, Calif. (2285, p272)
(2281,p!58)
Coll: Wash: San Juan Island, Puget Sound (2280, plOO); Calif:
Tomales Bay (2281, p!58)
Hab: 'Dredged from 10 fms (2285, p272)
371
-------
ECTOPROCTA - CHEILOSTOMATA
Bugula purpurotincta Norman - (2635, p228)
Dist: Bering Sea (Pribilof Islands) to Tomales Bay, Calif.
(2635,p228)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2635, p228)
Hab: Very abundant upon Styela and upon rocks (2635, p228)
Cabera ellisi (Fleming 1828) - (3003, pl6) (2635, p227) (2280, p98)
Dist: Juneau, Alaska to Lower Calif. (2281,p!30)
Coll: Alaska: (2635, p227); B. C.: (2635, p227); Wash: Puget
Sound, Deer Harbor and San Juan Channel off Point
Caution, 40-45m (2280, p98); Or e: 55-106m (3003, pl6)
Hab: Found growing on a shell dredged at 20 fms; obtained also
on rocks at low tide (2635, p227)
Callopora circumclathrata (Hincks) 1881 - (2280, p97) (2281, p65)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (2281, p66)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound: Griffin Bay and San Juan Channel off
Point Caution, 15-45m (2280, p97); Calif: Santa Cruz;
various localities near coast of southern Calif. ; Santa
Barbara Island, 20 fms; Del Monte, 25 feet; in shallow
water at Palos Verdes, Redondo Beach and Santa Monica;
Pleistocene of Santa Monica Canyon (2281, p66)
Callopora corniculifera (Hincks, 1884) - (3003, pl6)
Dist: Cumshewa, B.C. to Calif. (2281,p67)
Coll: Ore: 55m (3003, pl6); Calif: Catalina Island, 38 fms on
brachiopod shells; Tomales Bay, 6 fms on clam shells
(2281,p67)
Callopora horrida (Hincks, 1880) - (2033,p281)
Dist: B.C. to Pacific Grove, Calif. (2281, p69)
Coll: Puget Sound: Friday Harbor; Griffin Bay and San Juan
Channel off Point Caution; low tide to 45m (2280, p97)
Calif: central, intertidal (2033, p281)
Callopora line at a (Linneaus), 1758 -(2281,p68)
Dist: Nunivak Island, Alaska to Dillon Beach, Calif. It does not
appear to be a common species on Pacific coast (2281, p68)
Caulibugula. californica (Robertson). 1905 - (2281, pl62)
Coll: B.C.: 8-40 fms; Ore: Depoe Bay, intertidal; Calif:
La Jolla, 125 fms (2281, pl62)
372
-------
ECTOPROCTA - CHEILOSTOMATA
Caulibugula ciliata (Robertson, 1905) (2033, p281) (2281, pi 61)
Dist: B.C. (2281, pl6l) to central Calif, coast (2033, p281)
Hab: Underwater in lower mid-tidal, often on sponges (2033, p281)
Caulibugula occidentalis (Robertson), 1905 - (2281,plbl)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (2281, pl62)
Coll: Ore: Yaquina Bay (2281, pl62); Calif: San Luis Obispo
Bay, low tide to 14 fms; Santa Rosa Island, 16 fms
(2281,pl62)
Cauloramphus echinus (Hincks), 1882 - (2281, p56)
Dist: Queen Charlotte Island to Calif. (2281, p56)
Coll: B. C. : Vancouver Island region, low tide to 30 fms (2281,
p56); Calif: east of Santa Rosa Island, 23 fms; Tomales
Bay (2281, p56)
Cauloramphus spiniferum (Johnston, 1832) - (2033,p281)
Cauloramphus spinifer (Johnston, 1832) - (2280, p98)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (2281, p55)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound, San Juan Channel off Point Caution,
40-45m (2280, p98); Calif: central, intertidal (2033, p281)
Cellaria diffusa Robertson, 1905 - (3003,pl6)
Dist: B.C. to San Diego, Calif. (2281, pi 1 7) (2285, p290)
Coll: Puget Sound: San Juan Island and Port Orchard channel
(2280,plOO); Ore: 55-146m (3003, pl6)
Cellaria mandibulata Hincks, 1882 - (2281, pi 1 6)
Dist: Virago Sound, B.C. to southern Calif. (2281, pll6)
Cellepora incrassata Lamark - (2286, p312)
Dist: Alaska to Santa Cruz, Calif. (2286, p3 13)
Coll: Queen Charlotte Island (2286, p313)
Chapperia patula (Hincks, 1881) - (2281, P89)
Dist: Queen Charlotte Island to Calif. (2281, p90)
Hab: From shallow water to 47 fms (2281, p90)
Cheilopora praelonga (Hincks) 1883 (2282, p464)
Dist: B.C. to Washington (2282, p464)
Coll: B.C.: Masste Inlet (2282, p464); Wash: Friday Harbor,
Puget Sound, Seattle, Tacoma, and Indian Island (2282, p464)
Hab: Intertidal to 20 fms (2282, p464)
373
-------
ECTOPROCTA - CHEILOSTOMATA
Colletosia radiata (Moll), 1803 - (2281, p!87)
Dist: B.C. to Galapagos Island and coast of Peru (2281, pi 88)
Hab: Shallow water down to 136 fms (2281, p!88)
Conopeum. sp. - (2033, p282)
Dist: Central Calif, coast (2033, p282)
Hab: Common on breakwater of Berkeley Yacht Harbor (2033, p282)
Conopeum reticulum (Linnaeus, 1767) - (2033, p282)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (2281, p32)
Coll: Calif: central, intertidal (2033, p282)
Copidozoum planum (Hincks), 1880 - (2281, p73)
Dist: Coast of Calif. (2281, p73)
Copidozoum protectum (Hincks), 1884 - (2281, p73)
Dist: B. C. , Victoria, San Juan Island northward; along whole
western coast of U.S. and south along peninsula of Lower
Calif, and in Gulf of Calif. (2281,p74)
Copidozoum tenuirostre (Hincks), 1880 - (2281, p72)
Dist: B.C. to Peru, from low tide to 70 fms (2281, p72)
Costazzia costazzjj (Savigny-Audouin) - (2280,p!06)
Costazia costazi (Audouin), 1826 - (2282, p506)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2282,p506)
Coll: Puget Sound: Griffin Bay, and San Juan Channel off Point
Caution, 40-45m (2280, p!06)
Costazia r^obertsoniae Canu and Bassler, 1923 -(2282,p507)
Dist: B.C. to Mexican border (2282, p508)
Costazia surcularis (Packard), 1863 - (2282,p510)
Dist: Alaska to northern Calif. (2282,p511)
Costazia ventricosa (Lorenz), 1886 - (2282, p511)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2282, p512)
Coll: Wash: Friday Harbor, Puget Sound (2282, p51 2)
Cribrilina hippocrepis Hincks - (2286, p280)
Dist: Queen Charlotte Island and Yakutat, Alaska to San Pedro
and Coronados Islands, Calif. (2286, p280)
374
-------
ECTOPROCTA - CHEILOSTOMATA
Dakaria apertura Osburn, 1952 - (2282, p326)
Dist: Tomales Bay at Dillon Beach, Calif., about 38° 1 5'N at
6 fms (2282,p326)
Dakaria pristina (Hincks), 1883 - (2282, p328)
Dist: Dolomite Narrows, Gabriola Pass and off Round Island, B.C.;
Tomales Bay, Dillon Beach, Calif. (2282,p328)
Dendrobeania laxa (Robertson, 1900) - (203.3, p282)
Dendrobeanislaxa (Robertson, 1905 - (2281,pl67)
Dist: B.C., shore to 20 fms, to Monterey Bay, Calif (2281, pl67)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2281, pl67); Ore: Cape Arago lighthouse,
reef and bight, intertidal (2281, pi 67); Calif: central
(2033,P282)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p282)
Dendrobeania lichenoides (Robertson, 1900) - (2033, p282)
Dist: Alaska to San Francisco, Calif. (2281,pl68)
Coll: Ore: Cape Arago lighthouse, reef and bight, intertidal
(2281, pl68); Calif: central (2033, p282)
Hab: Among Perophora in shaded places in low intertidal (2033, p282)
Electra crustulenta (Pallas), 1 766 - (2281, p35)
Dist: Yaquina Bay, Oregon to Dillon Beach and Monterey Bay,
Calif. (2281, p36)
Hab: On shells along shore (2281, p36)
Ellisiria levata (Hincks), 1 882 - (2281, p50)
Dist: B.C. to Santa Barbara Island, Calif., 27 fms (2281, p50)
Coll: Houston Stewart Channel, 15-20 fms (2281, p50); Cumshewa,
B.C. (2281,p90)
Eurystomella bilabiata (Hincks, 1884) - (2033, p282)
Dist: B.C. to central Calif. (2282, p389) (2033, p282)
Coll: B.C.: Houston-Stewart Channel, Brotchie Ledge, Victoria,
and Bentinck Is. (2282, p389); Puget Sound (2280, p!04)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p282); common at low tide on rocky shores
from Calif, northward, not frequently dredged, but has
been taken at 35 fms (2282, p389)
Fenestrulina malusi (Audouin), 1926 - (2282/p387)
Dist: B.C. to Channel Island off southern Calif. (2282, p388)
Hab: Depth 3 to more than 100 fms (2282, p388)
375
-------
ECTOPROCTA - CHEILOSTOMATA
Flustra lichenoide^ Robertson - (2031, p!21)
Dist: Alaska coast south to San Francisco (2285, p292)
Coll: Alaska: Yakutat, Orca, Prince William Sound (2635, p230);
Puget Sound: (2635, p230) Channel Rocks (2280, plOO);
Calif: Point Cavallo (2635, p230)
Hab: Covers rocks, shallow sea bottom (2031, p!21); upon shells,
worm tubes, ascidians, and upon rocks at low tide (2635, p230)
Hincksina alba (O'Donoghue), 1923 -(2281,p41)
Dist: Protection Gap and Schooner Bay, B.C. to Santa Catalina
Island, southern Calif. (2281, p41)
Hab: Down to 30 fms; on a brachiopod shell (2281, p41)
Hincksina velata (Hincks), 1881 -(2281,p44)
Dist: B.C. to Columbia, down to 60 fms (2281, p45)
Hippaliosina inarmata Osburn, 1952 - (2282, p476)
Coll: Off Oregon coast, 43°59'N, 124°56'30"W, 50 fms (2282, p476)
Hippodiplosia insculpta (Hincks, 1882) - (2033, p282)
Dist: Five Fingers, B.C. to coast of Costa Rica (2282, p342)
Coll: Ore: (2282, p342); Calif: central coast (2033, p282)
Hab: Common on stipes of red algae and under rocks (2033, p282);
most abundant in shallow water but dredged as far down
as 128 fms (2282, p342)
Hippomonavella longirostrata (Hincks), 1883 - (2282,p365)
Dist: B.C. to about 28°N latitude and bathymetric range from
shallow water to 100 fms
Coll: Numerous localities in Puget Sound and B. C. (2282, p366)
Holoporella brunnea (Hincks), 1 884 - (2282, p496)
Dist: B.C.: Banks Island; Oregon south to Ecuador (2282, p497)
Hippothoa divaricata Lamouroux - (2280, plOl) (2282, p278)
Dist: B.C. to Calif, coast (2282, p278)
Coll: Puget Sound: San Juan Channel off Point Caution, 40-45m
(2280,plOl)
376
-------
ECTOPROCTA - CHEILOSTOMATA
Hippothoa hyalina (Linnaeus, 1758) (2033, p282)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2280, plOl)
Coll: Puget Sound: Friday Harbor; Griffin Bay and San Juan
Channel off Point Caution, 15-45m (2280,plOl); Calif:
central coast (2033, p282)
Hab: Common on fronds of red algae (2033, p282)
Lacerna fistulata (O'Donoghue), 1923 -(2282,p362)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay, 15 fms; Calif: Cortez Bank
32°25'50"N, 119°07'30"W at 32 fms (2282,p362)
Lagenipora erecta Q'Donoghue and O'Donoghue - (2280, p!06)
Dist: Puget Sound (2280)
Lagenipora punctulata (Gabb and Horn, 1862) - (3003, pl6)
Dist: B.C. to Monterey Bay, Calif. (22-82, p486)
Coll: Oregon, 82-110m (3003, pl6)
Lagenipora socialis Hincks, 1877 - (2282, p488)
Dist: B.C. to lower Calif. (2282, p488)
Lagenipora spinulosa Hincks - (2280, p!06) (2282, p487)
Dist: Humpback Bay, Alaska to San Pedro, Calif. (2282, p488)
Coll: B.C.: Queen Charlotte Islands (2282, p488); Wash: Griffin
Bay, 15-23m (2280, p!06)
Lepralia bilabiata Hincks - (2286, p298)
Dist: Houston Channel, Queen Charlotte Island to Pacific Grove,
Calif. (2286, p300)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2286, p300); Calif: Mendocino City
where it occurs between tide marks (2286, p300)
Lyrula hippocrepis (Hincks, 1882) - (2033, p282)
Dist: Yakutat to 26th N Parallel of latitude (2281, pi 84)
Coll: Puget Sound: Friday Harbor and San Juan Channel off
Point Caution 40-45m (2280, plOl); Calif: central coast
(2033,p282)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p282); bathymetric range, shallow water to
79 fms (2281, p!85)
377
-------
ECTOPROCTA - CHEILOSTOMATA
Membranipora fusca Osburn, 1950 (2281,p25)
Dist: Calif. (2281,p25)
Coll: Mussel Point; Del Monte, intertidal to 6 fms; Tomales
Bay, 5 fms (2281,p25)
Membranipora lacroixi (Audouin) Hincks - (2286,p26l)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2286, p262)
Coll: Alaska: Kodiak, andOrca, Prince William Sound
(2286, p262); Calif: San Pedro and San Diego
(2286,p262)
Membranipora membranacea (Linnaeus, 1767) (2033,p282)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2286,p268)
Coll: Washington (2031), Puget Sound: Copalis Rocks
(2280, p96); Calif: central coast (2033 , p282)
Hab: Characteristic of floating kelps, Macrocystis and
Nereocystis , just offshore (2033, p282); encrusts
on kelp, and fronds and rocks (2031,pi 17)
Membranipora patula Hincks - (2286,p263)
Dist: Queen Charlotte Island to Calif; varying from depths
of 15-42 fms (2286,p263)
Membranipora serrilamella Osburn, 1950 - (2281,p22)
Dist: B. C. to southern Calif. (2281,p23)
Coll: B. C. : Virago Sound (2281 , p23); Wash: Puget Sound
(2281,P23)
Hab: Excessively abundant on floating fronds of kelp and
dredged on a few occasions down to 1 0 fms (2281, p23)
Membranipora spinifera (Johnston) Alder - (2286,p265)
Dist: Orca, Prince William Sound, Alaska to Calif. (2286,p265)
Hab: Considerable abundance on rocks and seaweed (2286,p265)
Membranipora tuber culata (Bosc, 1802) - (2033.p282)
Dist: Calif, to Peru (2281 , p24) (2033 , p282)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p282); dredged in shallow water,
usually on algae (2281 ,p24)
378
-------
ECTOPROCTA - CHEILOSTOMATA
Membranipora villosa Hincks 1880 (2280,p97) (2281,p22)
Dist: Puget Sound, B.C. to San Diego, Calif.
Coll: Puget Sound: Friday Harbor, Griffin Bay and San Juan Channel
off Point Caution (2280, p97)
Hab: Low tide to 45m (2280, p97); probably very abundant in belt
of kelp some distance out from shore (2286, p271)
Menipea erecta Robertson - (2280, p98)
Dist: Kodiak and Sitka, Alaska to Wash. (2285, p257)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound; Friday Harbor, Griffin Bay and San
Juan Channel off Point Caution; 15-45m (2280, p98)
Menipea occidentalis Trask - (2280,p99)
Dist: Queen Charlotte Islands to San Diego (2280, p99)
Menipea pribilofi Robertson - (2280, p99)
Coll: Washington (2280)
Menipea ternata Ellis and Solander - (2635, p224)
Dist: Queen Charlotte Islands to Calif. (2635, p224) (2285, p252)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound, Copalis, Channel Rocks, San Juan
Island and Griffin Bay, 15-23m (2280, p99) (2635, p224);
Calif: Dillon Beach, Lime Point, Mendocino, Land's
End (2285, p252)
Micropora coriacea (Esper) - (2280, plOO)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2281,plOO)
Coll: Puget Sound: Griffin Bay, 1 5-23m (2280, pi 00); Calif:
Santa Catalina Island, Channel Islands (2281, p!05)
Microporella californica (Busk, 1856) - (2033, p282); (Hincks) - (2280, p!03)
Dist: San Juan Channel off Point Caution, 40-45m (2280, p!03)
to Galapagos Islands (2282,p382)
Coll: Ore: (2282, p382); Calif: central coast (2033, p282)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p282)
Microporella ciliata (Pallas, 1766) - (2033, p282)
Dist: B.C. to Galapagos Islands (2282, p377)
Coll: Puget Sound: San Juan Channel off Point Caution, 40-45m
(2280, p!03); Calif: central coast (2033, p282)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p282) from near shore to depth of 90 fms
(2282,p377)
379
-------
ECTOPROCTA - CHEILOSTOMATA
Microporella ciliata stellata (2282,p378)
Dist: B.C. to So. Calif. (2282, p378)
Coll: Cal: Mussel Point, Dillon Beach, Monterey Bay (2282, p378)
Microporella ciliata var. umbonata Hincks - (2280, p!03) (2282, p378)
Coll: B.C.: Dolomite Narrow (2282, p3 79); Puget Sound: Friday
Harbor, Griffin Bay and San Juan Channel off Point Caution,
15-45m (2280, p!03); Calif: San Pedro, Santa Cruz Island,
Dillon Beach (2282, p379)
Microporella ciliata var. vibraculifera Hincks - (2280, p!04) (2282, p379)
Dist: B.C. to about 28° N latitude
Coll: B.C.: Queen Charlotte Islands (2282, p3 79); Wash: Friday
Harbor, Griffin Bay, and San Juan Channel off Point
Caution, 40-45m (2280,p!04); Middle Bank, Puget Sound;
Calif: San Pedro, Santa Monica, Santa Barbara (2282, p379)
Microporella cribosa Osburn, 1952 - (2282, p380)
Dist: Occurring commonly along shore from Mussel Point,
northern Calif, southward to San Diego Bay, Calif.
(2282,p381)
Microporella malusi (Audouin) Hincks - (2286, p282)
Dist: Queen Charlotte Island, B.C. to L/a Jolla and Catalina
Islands, Calif. (2286, P283)
Hab: Growing on roots of kelp and dredged between 20 and 30 fms
(2286,p283)
Mucronella ventricosa (Hassall) - (2280, p!05) (2282, p436)
Dist: B. C. to Oregon (2282, p437)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2282, p437), San Juan Channel off Point
Caution, 40-45m (2280, p!05)
Myriozoum coarctatum (Sars. 1850) - (3003, pl6)
Dist: Alaska (2282, p514) to Oregon, 46-200m (3003, pi 6)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound at 152 fms (2282, p514)
Myriozoum tenu^ O'Donoghue. 1923 - (3003, pl6)
Dist: B.C. to Oregon (2282, p515) (3003, pl6)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay, Buccaneer Bay and Swiftsure Shoal,
15-25 fms (2282,p515); Ore: 92m (3003,pl6)
380
-------
ECTOPROCTA - CHEILOSTOMATA
Parasmittina collifera (Robertson, 1908) - (2033, p282)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif., common also at shore stations
(2282,p417)
Coll: Ore: (2282, p417); Calif: central coast (2033, p282)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p282)
Parasmittina trispinosa (Johnston), 1838 - (2282, p412)
Dist: B.C. to Galapagos Island (2282, p414)
Coll: Ore: dredged and collected along shore (2282, p414)
Pedicellina cernua (Pallas), 1771 - (2283,p763)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2283,p763)
Coll: B.C.: Five Fingers (2283, p763); Calif: Tomales Bay and
Lime Point (2283, p763)
Hab: Littoral species, usually found on piles of docks or at low
tide; cosmopolitan (2283, p763)
Phidolopora pacifica (Robertson, 1908) (2033, p282)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (2282, p449)
Coll: Puget Sound: Griffin Bay, 1 5-45m (2280, p!06); Ore: (2282,
p449); Calif: central coast (2033, p282)
Hab: Sub-tidal, or in deep, sheltered pools (2033, p282); shallow
water to more than 100 fms, frequently found washed up
on shore (2282, p449)
Porella acutirostris Smitt, 1 867 - (2282, p394)
Dist: From Point Barrow, Alaska to southern Calif. (2282, p395)
Coll: B. C. : Round Island and Northumberland Channel (2282, p395);
Wash: Middle Bank, Pug et Sound (2282, p395)
Porella concinna (Busk), 1854 - (2282,p396)
Dist: B.C. to San Pedro Calif. (2282, p397)
Coll: Puget Sound: San Juan Island (2282, p397)
Porella porifera (Hincks), 1 884 - (2282, p395)
Dist: Queen Charlotte Island, B.C. to lower Calif. (2282, p396)
Puellina setosa (Waters), 1899 (2281, p!86)
E>Tst: B.C. to Oregon, 20-60 fms (2281, p!8 6)
Coll: Wash: Friday Harbor, San Juan Island, Puget Sound (2281,
p!86)
381
-------
ECTOPROCTA - CHEILOSTOMATA
Retepora pacifica Robertson - (2031, pl!9)
Dist: Puget Sound, Wash, to Calif. (2286, p311)
Hab: Attached to rocks or shells intertidal to subtidal (2031,pll9);
between tide marks and dredged from depths of 20-30 fms
(2286,p311)
Rhamphostomella curvirostrata O'Donoghue, 1923 - (2282, p430)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (2282, p430)
Coll: B.C.: Bull Passage, Northumberland Channel 15-25 fms
(2282, p430); Puget Sound: San Juan Island, Friday Harbor
(2282,p430)
Rynchozoon tumulosum. (Hincks, 1882) - (2033, p282)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (2282, p459)
Coll: B.C.: Cumshewa (2282, p459); Calif: San Diego and San
Pedro (2282, p459), central coast (2033, p282)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p282); shore to more than 100 fms (2282, p459)
Schizomavella auriculata (Hassail), 1842 - (2282,p331)
Dist: B.C. to 29°N latitude (2282, p331)
Schizomavella auriculata ochracea (Hincks), 1880 - (2282, p331)
Dist: B.C. to Oregon (2282, p332)
Coll: B.C.: Queen Charlotte Islands, Gabriola Pass, Houston
Channel (2282, p332); Ore: Charleston (2282, p332)
Hab: Shore to 49 fms (2282, p332)
Schizoporella biaperta (Michelin) Hincks - (2286, p287)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (2286, p288)
Coll: B.C.: Queen Charlotte Islands (2286, p288); Calif: Point
Loma, San Diego (2286, p288)
Schizoporella cecili (Audouin) Hincks - (2286, p288)
Dist: B. C. to Calif.
Coll: Not found in great abundance. Single specimen from Queen
Charlotte Islands; only a single small piece of a colony
growing over sponge occurs in collection from San Pedro,
Calif. (2286, p288)
382
-------
ECTOPROCTA - CHEILOSTOMATA
Schizoporella cornuta (Gabb and Horn, 1862) - (2033, p282)
Dist: Alaska to Galapagos Islands and from near shore to a depth
of over 100 fms (2282, p321)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, p282)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p282)
Schizoporella hyalina (Linnaeus) Hincks - (2286, p289)
Dist: Abundant from Yakutat, Alaska to San Diego, Calif.
(2286,p290)
Coll: B.C.: Queen Charlotte Islands (2286, p290); Calif: (2286,
p290)
Hab: Interdidal (2286, p290)
Schizoporella insculpta Hincks (2635, p234)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to Coronados Islands, Calif. (2286, p291)
Coll: B.C. : Virago Sound, Cumshewa Harbor, Queen Charlotte
Islands, Vancouver Island (2635, p234); Wash: Alki
Point, Puget Sound, San Juan Channel off Point Caution,
40-45m (2280, p!02); Calif: Pacific Grove (2286, p291)
Hab: 10-45 fms (2635, p234) (2280, p!02) (2286, p291)
Schizoporella linearis (Hassall) var. inarmata (Hincks) - (2280, p!02)
Dist: Queen Charlotte Islands to west side of Santa Catalina dredged
in 45 fms (2286, p291)
Coll: Puget Sound: San Juan Channel off Point Caution, 40-45m
(2280, p!02)
Schizoporella longirostrata Hincks - (2286, p291)
Dist: Queen Charlotte Islands to Calif. (2286, p292)
Coll: Calif: San Pedro and Catalina Islands (2286, p292)
Schizoporella tumulosa Hincks - (2280,p!02)
Dist: Friday Harbor, and San Juan Channel off Point Caution
Puget Sound, Wash. (2280, p!02) to San Pedro and San
Diego, Calif. (2285, p294)
Hab: 40-45m (2280, p!02)
Scruparia ambigua (d'Orbigny), 1841 -(2281,pl6)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (2281, pl6)
Coll: B.C.: Union Bay, Vancouver Islands region (228 1, pl6)
Hab: From low tide mark down to 150 fms (2281, pl6)
383
-------
ECTOPROCTA - CHEILOSTOMATA
Scrupocellaria californica Trask, 1857 - (2033, p282)
Dist: B.C. (2281,p!36) to central Calif. (2033,p282)
Coll: Puget Sound: Friday Harbor and Griffin Bay, 15-23m
(2280, p98); Ore: Cape Arago (2281, p!36)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p282)
Scrupocellaria diegensis Robertson, 1905 - (2281, p!37)
Dist: Southern B.C. to San Diego, Calif. (2281,p!37)
Scrupocellaria varians Hincks, 1882 - (2281, p!49) (2280, p98)
Dist: Queen Charlotte Islands to La Jolla, Calif. (2285, p26l)
Coll: Puget Sound: Copalis Rocks, Channel Rocks, San Juan
Channel off Point Caution (2280, p98)
Hab: Low tide to 45m (2280, p98)
Smittina sp. -(2033,p282)
Dist: Central Calif, coast (2033, p282)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p282)
Smittina landsborovii (Johnston) - (2280, p!04) (2282, p400)
Dist: Puget Sound (2280, p!04) to Galapagos Islands (2282, p401)
Coll: Puget Sound: Friday Harbor, Griffin Bay and San Juan Channel
off Point Caution, 40-45m (2280, p!04); Ore: (2282, p401)
Hab: Cosmopolitan (2282, p401)
Smittina spathulifera (Hincks), 1884 - (2282, p401)
Dist: Houston-Stewart Channel, B.C. to Natividad Island off lower
Calif. (2282, p402)
Coll: 27044'17"N, 115° 14'20"W at 66 fms (2282, p402)
Smittina trispinosa (Johnston) - (2280, p!05)
Dist: Alaska to San Diego (2280, p!05)
Coll: B.C.: Queen Charlotte Islands (2286, p303); Puget Sound:
Friday Harbor, and San Juan Channel off Point Caution,
40-45m (2280, p!05)
Hab: Intertidal to a depth of a few fms (2286, p303)
Stephanosella biaperta (Michelin, 1845) -(2033,p282)
Dist: B.C. to central Calif. (2033, p282) (2282, p369)
Coll: Puget Sound: San Juan Channel off Point Caution, 40-45m
(2280,p!02)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p282)
384
-------
ECTOPROCTA - CHEILOSTOMATA
Stirparia occidental!s, Robertson, 1905 -(2285,p280)
Dist: Puget Sound to coast of Calif. (2285, p281)
Tegella armifera (Hincks), 1 880 - (2281, p?9)
Dist: Point Barrow, Alaska to San Pedro, Calif. (2281,p80)
Tegella robertsonae Q'Donoghue, 1926 - (2033, p282)
Dist: Southern Alaska to southern Calif. (2281, p82)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, p282)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p282)
Tegella unicornis (Fleming), 1828 - (2281, p78)
Dist: Point Barrow, Alaska to southern Calif. (2281, p?9)
Coll: B.C.: Houston-Stewart Channel (2281, p?9)
Tricellaria occidentalis (Trask), 1857 - (2281,p!22) (2033,p282)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (2281,pl22)
Coll: Wash: Cape Flattery (2281, p!22); Calif: Santa Barbara
(2281,p!22)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p281)
Tricellaria ternata (Solander), 1786 - (2281, p!23)
Dist: Alaska to Land's End, Calif. (2281,p!23)
Triticella elongata (Qsburn, 1912) - (2033, p281)
Dist: Central Calif, coast (2033, p281)
Hab: On legs of various crabs; because of transparency and
insensitivity to handling, it is superb class material
(2033, p281)
Trypostega claviculata (Hincks), 1 884 - (2282, p281)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (2282, p281)
Coll: B.C.: Houston-Stewart Channel, and Gums hewa (2282, p281)
Calif: Point Loma, Santa Rosa Island, off Santa Catalina
Island, and off San Pedro, all from shallow water to
40 fms (2282, p281)
385
-------
PHORONIDA
PHYLUM PHORONIDA
Phoronopsis harmeri Pixel - (2996,pl02)
P. viridis Hilton is obsolete nomenclature for this species.
Dist: Vancouver Island to southern Calif. (2996,p!04)
Coll: B. C. : Departure Bay, Strait of Georgia; Wash:
coast (2996,pi 03); Calif: Elkhorn Slough, Bolinas
Lagoon, Tomales Bay, Bodega Bay (2033 , p283)
Hab: Intertidal flats (2033,p283), substrate of mixed sand
and mud (2996,p!04)
Phoronis hippocrepia - (2996,p91)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2996,p91)
Coll: B. C. : Departure Bay; Wash: Puget Sound, San
Juan Island, Garrison Bay, Jaekyll's Lagoon
(2996,P91)
Hab: On sandstone near low tide level in relatively quiet
water; on limestone in quiet, rather muddy water;
in limestone exposed to wave action and considerable
tidal range (2996,p91)
Phoronis vancouveronsis Pixel
Dist: Vancouver Island, B. C. (2033, p283) to Calif.
(2996,P91)
Coll: Wash: San Juan Island (2996 , p91)
PHYLUM BRACHIOPODA
Laqueus californicus (Koch. 1847) - (3003,p!7)
Dist: Oregon to California
Coll: Ore: 1 00-800m (3003 , p!7)
Terebratalia transversa Sowerby - (2031,p!23)
Dist: Puget Sound (2031) to central Calif. , deep water;
intertidal further north (2033,p284)
Hab: Rocky beaches; low water to considerable depth
(2031,pi 23)
386
-------
BRACHIOPODA
Terebratulina unguicula (Carpenter) (2031,p!25;
Hab: Attached to solid objects (2031, pi 25
PHYLUM SIPUNCULOIDEA
Dendrostomum dyscritum Fisher, 1952 - (2033,pill)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , pi 11 )
Hab: In sand among rocks (2033,plll)
Dendrostomum perimeces Fisher, 1928 - (2033,pill)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , pi U )
Hab: Found in mud flats ( 2033 , pi 11)
Dendrostomum pyroides Chamberlin, 1919 -(2033,pllO)
Dendrostoma petraeum Fisher, 1928 is a synonym (2033,pllO)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , pi 1 0)
Hab: Generally in crevices of granite (2033, pi 10)
Golfingia hespera (Chamberlin, 1919) (2033,pill)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , pi 11)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , pi 11)
Phascolosoma agassizU Keferstein, 1866 - (2033,pill)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , pi 11 )
Hab: Commonest sipunculid in central Calif. , intertidal,
in rock crevices, shells, holdfasts, etc. (2033, pill)
Phascolosomum exasperatum Stimpson
Coll: Puget Sound (2050,p!59)
Siphonosoma ingens (Fisher, 1947) - (2033 , pi 1 1 )
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , pi 11 )
Hab: Most northern record, Elkhorn Slough (2033 , pi 1 1)
Sipunculus nudus Linnaeus, 1766 - (2033,pill)
Dist: Puget Sound (2031 ,p97) to central Calif, coast (2033 , pi 11
Hab: Subtidal, occasionally washed ashore (2033 , pi 11 ); sand
or mud along rocks (2031 ,p97)
337
-------
ECHIUROIDEA
PHYLUM ECHIUROIDEA
Listriolobus pelodes Fisher, 1946 (2033, p!09 ) (2098)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033, p!09)
Hab: Rare (2033, p!09)
Urechis caupo Fisher and MacGinitie, 1928 - (2033, p!09) (2100) (2099)
Dist: Oregon to southern Calif.
Coll: Not on Oregon coast until 1969
Hab: Forms permanent burrows in muddy sand, locally common
(2033,p!09)(2098)
Desc: (2099)
Natural History: (2100)
Respiratory Function: (2101)
PHYLUM ANNELIDA
Class: POLYCHAETA
Abarenicola pacifica Healy and Wells, 1959 (3677,p409)
Dist: Alaska to Humbolt Bay, Calif. (3677,p409)
Hab: Intertidal, in sand (3677 , p409 )
Abarenicola vagabunda oceanica Healy and Wells, 1959 -(3677,p411)
Dist: Alaska to Humbolt Bay, Calif. (3677,p411)
Hab: Intertidal, in sand (3677 , p411)
Aedicira- - see also Aricidea
Aedicira antennata (Annenkova, 1934) - (3677,p51)
Dist: Chukchi Sea, B.C. to southern Calif. (3677, p51)
Hab: In slope, basin and canyon depths, in mud (3677,p51)
Amage anops (Johnson. 1901) - (2394,p42)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (2394, p42)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (3677, p521), Stations 1497, 1498
(2394,p42)
Hab: In shelf and canyon depths, in mud (3677,p521)
388
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Amblyosyllis sp. -(3678,p397)
Dist: B.C. to central Calif. (3678,p397)
Hab: Associated with siliceous sponge (3678, p397)
Ammochares fusiformis (Delle Chiaje) - (2559-p42)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. , cosmopolitan (2559 ;p43)
Ammotrypane aulogaster Rathke, 1843 -(2033,p91)
Dist: Alaska to Mexico (3677, p3 19)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p91), to shelf and canyon depths,
in silty mud (3677,p319)
Ampharete acutifrons (Grube) - (2398,p44)
Dist: Puget Sound, Wash, to Monterey Bay, Calif. (2398,p44)
(3677,p237)
Hab: 750-766 fms , green mud, sand (3677 , p537)
Ampharete arctica Malmgren - (2559,p65)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (3677,p539) (2559 ;p66)
Hab: Longshore, in mixed sediments; in shelf to abyssal
depths; cosmopolitan (3677 , p539)
Ampharete goesi Malmgren 1866 (2559,p66)
Dist: B.C. to Santa Monica Bay, Calif. (3677, p541 )
Hab: In 51. 8m, in silt; shelf depths (3677, p541)
Amphicteis glabra Moore, 1905 - (3677,p545)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (3677. p545)
Hab: In shelf depths in mud or sandy mud (3677,p545)
Amphicteis mucronata Moore, 1923 (2559,p69)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. ( 2559 , p69 ) (3677 , p547 )
Hab: Shelf, basin, canyon, and slope depths in green mud
(3677,p547)
Amphicteis scaphobranchiata Moore 1906 (2559,p68)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2559 , p69 ) (3677 , p549)
Hab: Shelf, slope, canyon, basin, abyssal depths in mud
and mixed-sediments (3677, p549)
389
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Amphisamytha bioculata (Moore, 1906 )- (2559 ,p73)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3677,p551)
Hab: In shelf and canyon depths, in mud (3677,p551)
Amphitrite robusta. Johnson, 1901 (2033,p!06)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (2394)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region, Yaquina Bay (2394); Calif:
central(2033,p!06)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!06), under rocks (2394)
Antinoe macrolepida Moore - (2558,p!4)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2558, p!4)
Antinoella macrolepida (Moore, 1905) - (3678,p41)
Dist: Alaska to Monterey Bay (3678,p41)
Hab: In 7 5- 108 fms ( 3678, p41)
Anaitides groenlandica (Oersted, 1843) -( 3678, p255 )
As Phyllodoce - (2558,p46)
Dist: Arctic and subarctic regions, south to southern Calif.
(3678,p225)
Coll: B. C. , Oregon
Hab: In shelf to slope depths in silt and mud (3678, p225)
Anaitides madeirensis (Langerhans, 1880) - (3678,p231)
Phyllodoce (A.) madeirensis Langerhans (2558, p45)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (2558,p45)
Coll: Oregon, Calif: southern Calif. (3678,p231)
Hab: In shallow depths, in rocky or mixed sediments; cosmopolitan,
in littoral depths (3678,p231)
Anaitides mediapapillate (Moore. 1909) - (2033,p94)
Dist: Alaska to Panama (2394)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay and offshore 60-75 fms (2394); Calif:
(2033, p94), Monterey Bay (3678, p233)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p94), in littoral depths, in rocky and
mixed sediments (3678,p233)
Anaitides mucosa (Oersted. 1943) - (2033,p94)
Phyllodoce (Anaitides) mucosa Oersted (2558,p46)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2558,p46)
Coll: B. C. : East and west coast Vancouver Island; Calif:
central and southern (2033, p94) (3678, p235)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p94), in shelf and slope depths, in
mud and mixed sediments (3678,p235)
390
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Anaitides williamsi Hartman, 1936 -(2033,p94)
Dist: Oregon to California (2394, pi 1 ) (3678, p237)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay ( 2394, pi 1 ); Calif: (2033, p94),
Dillon Beach (2394,pll), Tomales Bay (3678 , p237 )
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p94) and offshore (2394,pll), in
silty sediments (3678, p237)
Anobothrus gracilis (Malmgren), 1866 --(2394,p42)
Anobothrus gracilis Levinsen ( 2559 , p67 )
Dist: Circumboreal, recorded from Calif. (2394, p42)
Coll: Ore: Cape Arago ( 2394, p42)
Apomatus timsii Pixell, 1912 (3677,p747)
Dist: B.C. to Monterey, Calif. (3677, p747)
Hab: In shelf depths, in mud with sponge or rocks (3677, p7 47)
Aphrodita japonica Marenzeller, 1879 -(3677,p21)
Aphrodite japonica Maren. 1879 (2558,p7)
Dist: Alaska to Ecuador (2558, p8) (3678,p21)
Hab: Usually in moderate depths on muddy bottoms (2558, p8);
shallow depths to 75 fms (3678, p21)
Aphrodita longipalpa Essenberg 1917 - (3678,p23)
Aphrodite longipalpa Essenberg 1917 - (2558,p6)
Dist: B. C. to southern Calif. (3678, p23) (2558, p7)
Hab: In deep water (3678 , p23 )
Aphrodita negligens Moore, 1905 - (3678,p25)
Aphrodite negligens Mo ore - ( 2 5 5 8 , p8 )
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (3678 , p25) (2558 , p8)
Hab: In deep water (3678 , p25)
Aphrodita parva Moore, 1905 - (3678,p27)
Aphrodite parva Moore -(2558,p7)
Dist: Alaska to Mexico (3678,p27)
Coll: Oregon
Hab: 3-667 fms (2558 , p7 ) (3678 , p27)
Aphrodita refulgida Moore, 1910 (2394,p4)
Dist: Central and southern Calif. (2394, p4) (3678, p29)
Coll: Oregon
Hab: Dredged in 20-59 fms, in sand and mud (2394, p4),
subintertidal to 51 fms (3678, p29)
391
-------
ANNELIDA POLYCHAETA
Apistobranchus ornatus Hartman - (2398,p23)
Dist: Puget Sound to southern Calif. (3677,p83) (2398,p24)
Apomatus geniculata Moore (2559,p!29)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2559,pl29)
Apomatus timmsii Pixell - (2559,pl28)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2559,pl29)
Arabella iricolor (Montagu, 1804) - (2033,p77)
"Dist: B.C. to Mexico (3678, p789)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2394, p25); Calif: central
(2033,p77)
Hab: Intertidal at shelf depths, in mixed sediments (3678, p789)
Arabella semimaculata (Moore, 1911) - (2033,p77)
Dist: Central and southern Calif. (3678,p793) (2033,p77)
Hab: In rocky and mixed sediments, 10 fms (3678, p793)
Arctonoe fragilis (Baird, 1863) - (2033,p96)
Dist: Alaska to Mexico (3678, p45)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2394), southern bay Cape Blanco;
Calif: central (2033,p96)
Hab: Commonly commensal on Evasterias, rarely on
Pisaster giganteus (2033,p96), on Leptasterias
aqualis (2394), associated with echinoderms
(3678,p45),25-150 fms (3678,p45)
Arctonoe pulchra (Johnson, 1897) -(2033,p96)
Dist: Alaska to Mexico (3678,p47)
Hab: Commensal on sea cucumber Stichopus (2033, p96),
key hole limpet (3678,p47), intertidal or in shallow
depths (3678,p47)
Arctonoe vittata (Grube, 1855) - (2033,p96)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (2394,p6) (2583,p65) (3678,p49)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Depoe Bay, Brookings (2394, p6)
Hab: Commensal on keyhole limpet Diodora aspera (2033,p96)
and on Cryptochiton, Diodora and Dermastia (2583,p65);
free-living and commensal; hosts include: Cryto chiton
stelleri, Punchirella, Diodora, Stichopus, Sloaster,
Pisaster, Crossaster, Dermasterias, Acmaea, Henricia.
(2558,p!21)
392
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Arctonoe vittata (Grube, 1855) continued
Food: Detritus feeders (2558, pi 23)
Life Cycle: Planktonic larva (2558, pi 23)
Arenicola cristata Stimpson, 1856 (2033,p78)
Dist: Humbolt Bay to southern Calif. (2033, p78) (3677, p41 5)
Hab: Intertidal sand (3677 , p41 5)
Arenicola marina (Linnaeus, 1761) (2394,p39)
Dist: B. C. to Chile (2394,p39)
Coll: Ore: Yaquina Bay ( 2394, p39 )
Arenicola pusilla Quatrefages. 1866 (2033,p78)
Dist: Alaska to Chile'( 2394 , p39 )
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2394,p39); Calif: central
(2033,p78)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p78)
Aricia michaelsensi Ehlers - (2559,p96)
Dist: West coast Vancouver Island to Strait of Magellan;
Falkland Islands, littoral (2559,p96)
Coll: Oregon
Aricidea jeffreysii (Mclntosh) (2559, p39)
Dist: East coast of Vancouver Island, dredged in 20-230 fms;
Howe Sound dredged in 120 fms (2559,p40)
Coll: Oregon
Aricidea longicornuta Berkeley - (2559,p38)
Dist: East coast Vancouver Island (2559, p38)
Coll: Oregon
Hab: Dredged in 75-230 fms (2559,p38)
Aricidea lopezi (Berkeley and Berkeley, 1956) (3677,p59)
Dist: Western Canada to southern Calif. (3677, p59)
Coll: Wash: Lopez Island (3677 , p59)
Hab: In slope, canyon and basin depths, in mud (3677, p59)
Aricidea neosuecica (Hartman 1965) (3677,p63)
Dist: Oregon to southern Calif, shelf; canyon depths (3677, p63)
393
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Aricidea (Aricidea) ramosa Annenkova -(2398,p21)
Diet: Puget Sound to southern Calif. (2398 , p21 -22)
Coll: Oregon
Armandia bioculata Hartman, 1938 (2033,p91)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2394)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region, Bandon to Cape Blanco (2394);
central Calif. (2033,p91)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p91), and shelf depths, in silty sand
and mud (3677,p323)
Armandia brevis (Moore. 1906) (2033, p91)
Dist: Oregon; central Calif, coast ( 2033 , p91)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 ,p91)
Artacama coniferi Moore, 1905 - (2394,p43)
Artacama coniferi fera - (2559, p74)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (2394,p44)
Coll: Washington; Ore: off Coos Bay, 20-40 fms (2394,p43)
Hab: In slope and basin depths, in green mud (3677,p585)
AsabeHides lineata (Berkeley and Berkeley 1943) (3677,p559)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3677,p559)
Hab: In shelf depths, in sandy silt (3677, p559)
Asychis disparidentata (Moore, 1904) - (2559,p46)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3677,p423)
Coll: Oregon
Hab: In shelf and canyon depths; in coarse sand, shelly mixed
bottoms and mud (3677,p423)
Asychis similis (Moore) - (2559,p46)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2559,p46)
Coll: Oregon
Autolytus . spp. - (2394,p!3)
Coll: Coos Bay channel in Oregon (2394, pi 3)
Hab: Dock on hydroids, in plankton ( 2394, pi 3)
394
-------
ANNELIDA POLYCHAETA
Autolytus magnus Berkeley - (2558, p70)
Dist: Atokous phase known only from Alaska, dredged in
15-40 fins; Epitokes (both sexes) from west and
east coasts Vancouver Island and Cape Mudge, in
plankton (2558, p70)
Autolytus prismaticus (Muller. 1776) (2394,p!3)
Dist: Circumpolar to boreal (2394, p!3)
Coll: Ore: Yaquina Bay (2 394, pi 3)
Autolytus varius Treadwell. 19 14 - (2033, p!05 )
Dist: B.C. to central Calif. ( 3678; p403) (2033, p!05)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p!05); in rocky habitats (3678,p403)
Axiothella rubrocincta (Johnson, 1901) - (2394,p37)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (2394,p37)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound; Oregon
Hab: Intertidal and shelf depths in sand (3677,p43l), from
roots of eel grass (2394, p37)
Boccardia columbiana (Berkeley, 1927) (3677,p91)
Polydora (Bocardia) columbiana
Dist: B.C. to central Calif. (3677, p9 1)
Hab: In intertidal sands, and boring in hard shells and wood
(3677,p91), littoral, usually in minute galleries in
shaley rock (2550,pl6)
Boccardia polybranchia (Haswell, 1885) (3677,p93)
Polydora (Baccardia) polybranchia Haswell (2559, pl6)
Dist: B. C. and Morro Bay to estuarine, Calif. (3677, p9 3)
Coll: Oregon
Hab: In cosmopolitan areas, especially in estuarine and tidal
streams; in silt and mud (3677,p93); littoral (2559 , p!7)
Boccardia proboscidea Hartman, 1940 - (2033, p!02)
Polydora (Boccardia) proboscidea Hartman (2559, p!7)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2394)
Coll: B.C.: west coast Vancouver Island (2559, p!8); Ore:
Coos Bay region (2 394); Calif: Casper, intertidal
in shales (3677,p95) (2033,plOZ)
Hab: In rock crevices in high tide pools; usually only 2
tentacles are visible (2033, p!02); intertidal, boring
in shaley rocks, and in My_tilu_s_ colonies (3677,p95);
littoral (2559,p!8)
395
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Boccardia uncata (Berkeley), 1927 -(2033,pl02)
Poly do ra (Boccardia) uncata Berkeley - (2559, p!4)
Dist: B.C. (3 677, pi 03) to central Calif. (2033,p!02)
Coll: Oregon
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , pi 02), in oyster clumps , burrowing
in outer shells causing crescentic runways (3677, pi 03);
in sandy tubes both free and associated with the
calcareous tubes of the cirratulid Dodecaceria
pacifica (Fewkes) (2559, p!5)
Brada pilosa (Moore) - (2559 ;p8)
Dist: Gulf of Georgia in 1903 only (2559,p8)
Coll: Oregon
Brada sachalina Annenkova (2398, p40)
Coll: Puget Sound, Wash. (2398,p40)
Brada villosa (Rathke. 1843) - (3677, p281)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (3677, p281)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region, 20-40 fms (2394)
Hab: In slope to basin depths, in mud and mixed sediments
(3677,p281)
Branchiomaldane vincenti Langerhans, 1881 -(2394,p39)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3677,p417)
Coll: Ore: Cape Arago (2394)
Hab: Single individuals come from stations 1477 and 1491,
washed from roots of eel grass (2394, p39);
intertidal (3677, pi 17)
Branchiomma burrardum Berkeley - (2559, pi 10)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2559, pill)
Coll: Oregon
Callizona angelini (Kinberg) - (2558,p38)
Dist: Alaska to B. C. (2558, p41)
Coll: Oregon (Authors)
396
-------
ANNELIDA -POLYCHAETA
Capitella capitata (Fabricius, 1780) -(2033,p79)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (2394) (3677, p36l)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region, 35 miles off Depoe Bay
60-74 fms (2394); Calif: central (2033 , p79 )
Hab: Intertidal and estuarine mudflats, cosmopolitan
(3677,p36l)
Capitella capitata ovincola Hartmen, 1947 -(2033,p79)
Dist: Monterey Bay and southern Calif. (3677,p365)
Hab: In squid egg jelly (2033,p79); in shelf and canyon
depths (3677,p365)
Gaulleriella alata (Southern) 1914 (2559,p36)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3677,p225)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2388 , p30); Oregon
Hab: In shelf depths, in mixed sediments (3677, p225)
Gaulle riella annulosa (Hartman) - (2398 , p31)
Dist: Puget Sound (2398, p31 ); Oregon
Gaulle riella hamata (Hartman, 1948) - (3677,p231)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (3677,p231)
Hab: In shallow depths in silt and mixed sediments (3677,p231)
Caulleriella pacifica (Berkeley, 1929) -(2033,p82)
Dist: B.C.; intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033, p82)
Ceratonereis paucidentata (Moore, 1903) -(3678,p507)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (3678, p507)
Hab: In slope depths, in black sand (3678, p507)
Chaetopterus variopedatus (Renier, 1804) -(2033,p79)
Dist: Oregon (2394,p33) to southern Calif. (3677,p209)
Coll: Calif: Off Whites Point and offshore islands (3677 , p209)
Hab: In sand (2033,p79), tube builders, intertidal and shallow
water (2394,p33), in estuarine and shelf depths, in
sandy mud and mixed sediments; cosmopolitan
(3677,P209)
397
-------
ANNELIDA POLYCHAETA
Cliaetozone gracilis (Moore, 1923) - (2398,p35)
Dist: Puget Sound (2398,p35) to southern Calif. (3677, p237)
Chaetozone setosa Malmgren, 1867 -(2559,p35)
Dist: B. C. to California; Atlantic and Pacific Oceans,
cosmopolitan (3677, p241)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2398 , p36) ; Oregon
Hab: In littoral zones to 556m, in silty sediments (3677,p241)
Chaetozone spinosa Moore, 1903 (2398,p36)
Dist: Puget Sound (2398, p36) to southern Calif. (2398, p37)
(3677,p243)
Hab: In slope and basin depths, in mud (3677,p243)
Cheilonereis cyclurus (Harrington, 1897) -(2033,p88)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2394) (3678,p511)
Coll: Ore: Cape Blanco, Depoe Bay (2394); Calif: central
(2033,p88)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p88), commensal -with hermit crabs and
_C. magister; with crabs and pagurids (3678, p511)
Chitinopoma groenlandica (Morch, 1863) - (2559,p!29)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (3677,p749)
Hab: In shelf and slope depths in mud and sand with rocks
(3677,P749)
Chloeia pinnata Moore, 1911 -(2394,p9)
Dist: Coos Bay, Oregon to southern and lower Calif. (2394, p9)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay (2394 , p9), Newport
Hab: Common in shallow depths, 10-50 fms, on sandy bottoms,
57-480m (3678,p!93)
Chone bimaculata Banse and Nichols (2991,p227)
Coll: Wash: 47°10'48:N, 122°50'W; 15-37m, on medium sand
(2991,p227)
Chone ecaudata (Moore) - (2559,p!24)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2559, pi 24)
398
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Chone gracilis Moore. 1906 - (2559,p!23)
Dist: Alaska (2559, pi 24) to southern Calif. (3677, p665)
Coll: Oregon
Hab: In 35-188 fms , rocks and broken shells (3677, p665)
Chone infundibuliformis Krb'yer. 1856 (2559,p!23)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (2559, p!23)
Hab: Inhabits rocky habitats with muddy crevices (3677,p667)
Chone mollis (Bush. 1904) - (2033, p98)
Dist: Oregon to southern Calif. (2394) (3677, p673) (2033, p98)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p98), in shelf depths , especially in
enclosed bays (3677,p673)
Cirratulus cirratus (O. F. Muller, 1865) (2033,p81)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3677, p245)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2394, p34); Calif: central (2033, p81)
Hab: Cosmopolitan, intertidal, shallow depth, in mud and rock
associations (3677,p245) (2394,p34)
Cirratulus cirratus cingulatus Johnson, 1901 (3677,p247)
Dist: Northeast Pacific to central Calif. (3677,p247)
Coll: Puget Sound, Wash. , intertidal (3677,p247)
Hab: In intertidal zones, in rocky habitats (3677,p247)
Cirratulus cirratus spectabilis (Kinberg, 1866) (3677, p249)
Dist: Alaska to central Calif. (3677,p249)
Hab: In intertidal zones, in mixed sediments (3677,p249)
Cirratulus spectabilis (Kinberg) (2559 7p32)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2559, p33)
Coll: Oregon
Hab: Common between tide marks (2559, p33)
Cirriformia spirabrancha (Moore. 1904) (2033,p82)
Dist: Central and southern Oregon to southern Calif. (2394, p34)
(3677,p253)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2394, p34)
Hab: Abundant in protected bays, burrowing in sand or mud
leaving only greenish tentacles exposed (2033, p82);
estuarine and intertidal muddy bottoms to 12.5 fms
(3677,p253)
399
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Cistenides brevicoma (Johnson, 1901) - (2033,p93)
Pectinaria (Cistenides) brevicoma Johnson - (2559, p!06)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3677 , p5 13) (2559 , p!07 )
Coll: B.C.: east and west coast Vancouver Island (2559,p!07);
Wash: off Puget Sound, 10 fms (3677,p513); Oregon;
Calif: central (2033, p93)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p93); in shelf depths to 90 fms; in
gravel and sand (3677,p5 13)
Cossura longocirrata Webster and Benedict, 1887 - (2397, p204)
Dist: B. C. to southern California
Coll: Pug et Sound, San Juan Archipelago, Wash. (2397,p!97);
also dredged on mud bottom at 15m in Massacre Bay,
West Sound, Orcas Island (2397, p204); Oregon; (Authors)
Crucigera zygophora (Johnson, 1901) (2033, plOO)
Dist: B.C. to central Calif. (3677,p753)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (type loc. ) (3677,p753); Calif:
central(2033,plOO)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, plOO) in rocky habitats (3677, p753)
Ctenodrilus serratus (O. Schmidt, 1857) - (2559,p37)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (2559 , p38) (3677 , p275)
Coll: Oregon
Hab: Intertidal; cosmopolitan (3677 , p275 )
Demonax medius (Bush, 1904) (2559,pl!5)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (3677,p675)
Coll: Oregon (2559,pl!5); Calif: (2559 , pi 15 ) ( 3677 , p675 )
Hab: Intertidal and shelf depths, in rocky and mixed bottoms
(3677,P675)
Dexiospira rugatus (Bush, 1904) - (3677, p787)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to central Calif. (3677,p787)
Hab: Shelf depths, attached to hard surfaces (3677,p787)
Dexiospira spirillum (Linnaeus . 1758) - (2033, plOO)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (3677,p789)
Coll: Oregon (2394, p47); Calif: central (2033, plOO)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, plOO); on kelps and hard surfaces
(3677, p789), cosmopolitan (2394, p47 )
Dioptatra ornata Moore, 1911 - (2033,p90) (2558, p94) (3678,p659)
Dist: B.C. to Mexico (2033,p90) (3678,p659) (2558,p95)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p90); in littoral depths, in mixed
sediments (3678, p659 )
400
-------
ANNELIDA POLYCHAETA
Distylia rugosa Moore - (2559,pH2)
Distylidia rugosa (Moore, 1904) - (3677,p677)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (3677,p677) (2559,pi 12)
Hab: Intertidal and shelf depths, in rocky habitats; littoral
(3677,p677)
Dodecaceria concharum Oersted, 1943 - (2559,p34)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3677,p255)
Hab: Intertidal rocky areas; cosmopolitan ( 3677 , p255 )
Dodecaceria pacifica (Fewkes) - (2559,p33)
Dodecaceria fewkesi (Fewkes) - (3672,p326)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3677,p257)
Hab: Colonies of calcareous tubes on rock faces; intertidal
(3762,p326); intertidal to 10 f ms, in rocky habitats
(3677,p257)
Repro: Egg fertilization, egg development ( 3762 , p330-334)
Pigmentation: See ( 3762 , p328-329 )
Regeneration: See (3762,p329)
Dodecaceria fistulicola Ehlers, 1901 -(2033,p82)
Dist: B.C. to central Calif, coast (2394, p34) (2033, p82 )
Coll: Ore: Cape Blanco, Coos Bay region (2394, p34)
Dorvillea annulata (Moore) - (2558,p87)
Dist: B.C. and Washington (2558, p87)
Dorvillea articulata (Hartman, 19 38) - (2033, p82 )
Dist: Oregon to Calif. (2394) (2033, p82 )
Coll: Ore: Yaquina Bay and 2 -5 fms (2394); Calif: Dillon
Beach, intertidal in mixed sediments (3678,p817)
Hab: Intertidal to 575m, in mixed sediments (3678,p817)
Dorvillea gracilis (Hartman, 1938) - (2033, p82)
Dist: Oregon to central Calif. (2394,p25) (2033,p82)
Coll: Ore: Coos Head (2394, p25 )
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p82)
Dorvillea neglecta (Fauvel) (2558,p86)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2558, p85)
Dorvillea pseudorubrovittata Berkeley, 1927 - (2394, p25) (2398, p2 1)
Dist: Alaska to Oregon (2394, p25)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2398, p21); Ore: 35 miles west of
Depoe Bay in 60-74 fms (2394, p25)
401
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Dorvillea rudolphii (Delle Chiaje) (2558,p86)
Dist: B. C. to Oregon
Hab: Littoral (2558, p86 )
Drilonereis falcata Moore, 1911 - (2033,p77)
Dist: Central Calif, to Mexico (2033, p77) (3678, p797); Oregon
Hab: Intertidal to slope depths, in mud, sand and mixed
sediments (3678,p797)
Enipo cirrata Treadwell (2558,pl6)
Dist: Alaska to Oregon (2558, p!7)
Coll: Oregon, Authors
Ephesia papillifer (Moore) - (2558,p27)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2558,p27)
Eteone longa (Fabricius, 1780) - (2033,p95) (2558, p41)
Dist: B.C. to central Calif. (2558, p41) (2033, p95)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p9 5), littoral (2558, p41)
Eteone pacifica Hartman, 1936 -(2033,p95)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (3678,p255)
Coll: Wash: (3678,p255); Ore: Cape Arago, Coos Bay (2394);
Calif: central (2033, p95)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p95), in littoral depths, silt (3678,p255)
Eteone spetsbergensis Malmgren var. pacifica - (2558 , p42 )
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2558,p42]
Coll: Wash: Friday Harbor (2558, p42); Oregon
Eteonides coineaui difficilis, Banse, 1963 - (2397,p!97)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound, San Juan Archipelago (2397 ,p!97 )
Euchone analis^ (Kroyer) (2559, p!21)
Dist: Alaska to B.C. (2559 , p!22 ); Oregon (Authors )
Euclymene zonalis (Verril) - (2559,p48)
Dist: West coast Vancouver Island, littoral (2559, p49) to Oregon
Eudistylia polymorpha (Johnson. 1901) (2033,p98)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (3677,p687)
Coll: Calif: central (2033, p98)
Hab: The large and showy "feather-duster" worm; a rock-
crevice dweller (2033, p98), intertidal in rocky
sediments (3677,p687)
402
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Eudistylia vancouveri (Kinberg. 1967) (2559 , pi 1 3) (2033, p98) ( 3677 ,
p689)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2559 , pll 3) ( 3677 , p689 )
Coll: Ore: (2394, p46 ) (2559 , p 11 3); Calif: (2559 , pi 13) (2033,
P98)
Hab: Attached to piles on floating rafts (2394,p46); intertidal
in sandy mud flats and sandy silt (3677 , p689 ) (2033, p98)
Eulalia aviculiseta Hartman. 1936 (2033, p95)
Dist: Oregon to central Calif. (2033,p95) (2394,pll) (3678,p259)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p95), on barnacles (2394, pi 1), in rocky
areas with algal debris (3678,p259)
Eulalia (Hypoelalia) bilineata (Johnston. 1840) (2398, p7) (2558 , p48)
Dist: Puget Sound, Washington (239 8, p7) to southern Calif.
(3678, p26l)
Hab: Littoral (3678, p26l), in shelf depths, in muddy and
mixed sediments, cosmopolitan ( 3678, p26 1)
Eulalia (Eulalia) levicornuta Moore, 1909 (2398,p7)
Dist: Puget Sound, Washington (2398,p7) to southern Calif.
(3678,p263)
Hab: In slope depths, in mud and gray sand (3678,p263)
Eulalia (Pterocirrus) macroceros (Grube) - (2991,p223) (2558,p48)
E_. (Sige) macroceros Berkeley and Berkeley, 1948 (2991,p223)
Coll: Seattle (mean depth 172-2l6m, silt); Nanaimo; San Juan
Archipelago and Puget Sound, from the intertidal zone
to 6Om depth, from rocky and sandy bottoms, as well
as from mud and algae (299 1, p223)
Hab: Littoral (2558, p48)
Eulalia nigrimaculata Moore - (2558, p49)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2558,p49)
Eulalia quadrioculata Moore, 1906 - (2394,pll)
Dist: Washington to Calif. (3678 , p265 ) (2394, p 11)
Coll: Wash: Pt. Townsend (type loc. ) (3678 , p265 ); Ore:
Coos Head in mussel beds (2394, pll)
Hab: Occurs in Mytilus colonies, intertidal (3678, p265)
Eulalia (Eumida) sanguinea (Oersted)- (2558,p47)
See Eumida
Eulalia yiridis (Muller) - (2558, p48)
Eulalia viridis (Linnaeus, 1767) (3678, p267)
Dist: Alaska to central Calif. (2558, p49) (3678,p267)
Hab: Intertidal depths, among rocks and kelps, cosmopolitan
(3678,p267)
403
-------
ANNELIDA -POLYCHAETA
Eumida longicornuta (Moore, 1906) - (3678,p273)
Dist: Washington to central Calif. (3678,p273)
Coll: Wash: Port Townsend (3678, p273); Oregon
Hab: Among serpulid tubes, in rocky habitats, intertidal
(3678,p273)
Eumida sanguinea (Oersted, 1843) (2033,p95)
Eulalia (Eumida) sanguinea (Oersted) - (2558, p47)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3678,p275) (2558,p48)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, 60-74 fms (2394, pi 1); Calif: central
(2033,p95)
Hab: In shelf depths, usually in rocky or mixed bottoms,
cosmopolitan (3678,p275) (2394, pi 1),intertidal (2033, p95)
Eunice biannulata Moore (2558,p89)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2558,p90)
Hab: Intertidal and shelf depths (3678,p715)
Eunice kobiensis Mclntosh - (2558, p90)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2558, p90)
Eunice longicirrata Webster. 1884 (2033, p83)
Dist: East and west coast of North America (2394, p2 3)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2394, p23); Calif: central
(2033,P83)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p83), along shore (2394, p23)
Eunice valens (Chamberlin. 1919) (3678, p719)
Coll: Mendocino, Calif. (3678,p719)
Hab: Perhaps intertidal (3678,p7l9)
Eunoe barbata Moore. 19 10 - (2558, p!4)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2558, p!4) ( 3678, p55)
Hab: 40-1062 fms, or commensal with holothurian (3678,p55)
Eunoe nodosa(Sars. 1861) - (2394,p7)
Dist: East and west coasts of boreal America, and Europe
(2394, p7)
Coll: Oregon (2394, p7)
Eunoe senta (Moore. 1902) (2033,p96)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (3678,p57)
Coll: Calif: central (2033, p96)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p96), moderate depths to 45 fms (3678,p57)
Euphrosyne arctia Johnson - (2558,p29)
Euphrosine ajrctia. Johnson 18Q7 (3678,p207)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2558, p29)
404
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Euphrosyne bicirrata Moore (2558, pZ8)
Euphrosine bicirrata Moore, 1905 - (3678,p211)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2558, p29 )( 3678 , p2 11)
Euphrosyne hortensis Moore, 1905 - (2558,p29)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2558, p30)
Euphysora furcata Kramp - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Eupolymnia congruens (Marenzeller, 1884) (3677,p589)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (3677,p589)
Hab: In slope depth ( 3677 , p589 )
Eupolymnia crescentis Chamberlin, 1919 (2033, p!06)
Dist: Alaska to western Mexico (2394, p45) (3677,p59 1)
Coll: Oregon (2394, p45); Calif: central coast (2033, p!06 ),
Crescent City, intertidal (type loc. ) (3677, p591)
Hab: Intertidal (2 033, pi 06), and shelf depths, in mixed sediments
(3677, p591)
Eupolymnia heterobranchia (Johnson) - (2559,p88)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2559, p89)
Eurythoe complanata (Pallas, 1766) (2033,p77)
Dist: Intertidal on central Calif, coast (2033, p77)
Hab: Usually in intertidal zones, in exposed places (3678,p!95)
Eusyllis assimilis Marenzeller, 1875 (2558,p84)
Dist: B.C. to Mexico (3678,p415) (2558,p84)
Eusyllis blomstrandi Malmgren, 1867 (2558 , p84) (2398, p!5 )
Dist: Northeast Pacific (3678, p417)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2398, p 15 )
Hab: Both free and in sponge Ectyodoryx parasitica growing
on shells of Pecten hind si (2558, p8 5)
Euzonus (Thoracophelia) mucronata (Treadwell, 1914) (3677,p327)
Thoracophelia mucronata (Treadwell) - (2033, p9 1) (2394)
Dist: B.C. to San Diego, Calif. ( 3677 , p327) (2 394)
Coll: Ore: Cape Blanco, Coos Bay (2 394, p36); Calif: Table
Bluff (2686,p32), central beaches (2033,p91)
Hab: In intertidal sand beaches ( 3677 , p327) (2033) (2686 , p32)
(2394,P36)
jgxogone gemmifera, 1862 - (2394,p!3)
Dist: B.C. to Mexico (2394,p!3) (3678,p423)
Coll: Ore: Yaquina (2394, p!3)
Hab: Intertidal and shallow depths; cosmopolitan ( 3678, p42 3)
405
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Exogone lourei Berkeley and Berkeley 1938 - (2558, p?9)
Dist: B. C. to Mexico (2558,p79) (3678,p425)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2398 , pi 6)
Hab: In littoral depths (3678,p425)
Exogone verugera (Claparede) - (2558,p78)
Dist: B.C. to Mexico (2558,p78) (3678, p429)
Hab: Littoral (3678 , p429 )
Fabricia berkeleyi (Banse, 1956) - (3677, p69 1)
Dist: B.C. to Casper, Calif. (3677, p691)
Hab: In estuarine and intertidal muds (3677, p691)
Fabricia brunnea, new species - (3677,p693)
Dist: Nanaimo, B. C. to central Calif. (3677, p693)
Hab: Intertidal, in pools with sand bottom (3677, p693)
Fabricia minuta Berkeley - (2559, p!20)
Dist: West coast Vancouver Island, littoral (2559 , pi 20) to
Oregon
Fabricia pacifica Berkeley - (2559, pi 21)
Dist: East coast Vancouver Island (2559, pi 21) to Oregon
Fabricia sabella (Ehrenberg) subsp. oregonica Banse, 1956
(2397)P205)
Dist: B. C. to central Calif. (2397, p205) (2559, pi 21)
(3677,p697)
Coll: Wash: High intertidal zone in False Bay, San Juan
Island (2397, p205); Calif: central (3677 , p697)
Hab: In felt-like mats of algae which can become lukewarm
from the sun during low tide (2397,p205), in
estuarine mud; cosmopolitan, in enclosed bays,
in mud (3677, p697)
Flabelliderma commensalis Moore, 1909 -(3677,p285)
Flabelligera commensalis Moore, 1909 -(2033,p84)
Dist: Oregon to central and southern Calif. (3677,p295)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p84), on purple urchins; Palos
Verdes slope, in 30-50 ft, on rocky and mixed
bottoms, free living (3677, p285)
406
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Flabelligera infundibularis Johnson, 1901 -(2033,p84)
F. infundibuliformis Johnson. 1901 - Hartman and Reish (2394, p35)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (3677, p291) (2394, p35)
Coll: Wash: Scow Bay, 6 fms (3677, p291); Ore: Coos Bay
(2394, p35); Calif: central ( 2033 , p84)
Hab: Inter tidal (2033,p84), in 6-10 fms, in muddy bottoms
(3677,P291)
Genetyllis castanea (Marenzeller. 1879) -(-2033,p95)
Dist: B.C. to Mexico (2394) (3678, p281)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay (2394); Calif: central (2033, p95)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p95), in littoral depths , perhaps in
mixed sediments (3678, p281)
Glycera alba (Muller. 1788) - (2033,p85)
Dist: Central Calif. (2033, p85)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p85)
Glycera americana Leidy, 1855 (2033,p85)
Dist: B.C. to Peru (3678,p6l3)
Coll: Ore: intertidal and 26-58 fms (2394, p20); Calif:
central (2033,p85)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p85); dredged (2394, p20); in littoral
and slope depths, in mixed sediments (3678,p6l3)
Glycera capitata Oersted, 1843 (2033,p85)
Dist: Oregon to central Calif. (2394) (2033 , p85); Northern
Hemisphere (2394)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, shallow to 40 frns (2394); Calif:
central (2033,p85)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p85), North temperate seas in
cosmopolitan areas, in shelf and slope depths, in
mud and mixed sediments (3678, p6l7)
Glycera dibranchiata Ehlers, 1868 -(3678,p621)
Dist: Central Calif, to Mexico (3678,p621)
Hab: Estuarine and intertidal to 31 fms; in mud, sand and
mixed sediments (3678, p621)
Glycera gigantea Quatrefages 1865 - (2558,p37)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (2558, p37) (3678, p623)
Hab: Intertidal, in sand (3678 , p623)
407
-------
ANNELIDA -POLYCHAETA
Glycera nairn Johnson - (2558,p37)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2558,p38)
Glycera robusta Ehlers, 1868 -(2033,p85)
Dist: B.C. to Mexico (2394,p20) (3678,p627)
Coll: Oregon (2394,p20); Calif: (3678,p627), central
(2033,p85)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p85) and shelf depths, in gravelly
sand (3678,p627)
Glycera tenuis Hartman, 1944 - (2394,p20)
Dist: Oregon to southern Calif. (3678,p631)
Coll: Calif: Institute Beach in sand, central Calif. (2394, p20)
Dillon Beach (type loc. ) intertidal, sand (3678,p631)
Hab: In intertidal and shelf depths, in sands (3678,p631)
Glycera tesselata Grube, 1863 -(2033,p85)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3678,p633) (2033,p85)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p85) in sub-littoral depths (3678,p633)
Glycinde armigera Moore, 1911 -(2033,p86)
Dist: B.C. to Panama (2394, p21) (3678, p643)
Coll: Oregon (2394,p21); Calif: central (2033 , p86), Clam
Beach (2686,p32)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p86), outer shores dredged (2394,p21),
in low intertidal zones to 275 fms; in muddy and
mixed sand flats (3678,p643)
Glycinde pi eta Berkeley - (2558,p35)
Dist: Alaska to B. C. (2558,p35)
Hab: Dredged in 8-30 fms ( 2558 , p35)
Glycinde polygnatha Hartman, 1950 -(3678,p645)
Dist: Alaska to central Calif. (3678, p645)
Hab: In intertidal depths to 68 fms, in sandy muds (3678, p645)
Glyphanostomum pallescens (Theel. 1878) - (3677, p56l)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3677,p56l)
Hab: Muddy sand (3677, p56l)
408
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Goniada annulata Moore -(2558,p32)
Dist: Alaska to Mexico (2558,p33) (3678, p651)
Hab: In deep to abyssal depths (3678, p651)
Goniada brunnea Treadwell, 1906 - (2033,p85)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (3678, p653)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay dredged ( 2394); Calif: central (2033 , p85)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p85) 20-40 fms (2394) in low intertidal
depths to over 600 fms (3678, p653)
Goniada maculata Oersted - (2398,p!9)
Dist: Kodiak Island and northwestern Pacific, Puget Sound
(2398,P19)
Gyptis arenicola glabra (Hartman 1961) (367'8,p363)
Oxydromus arenicola glabra
Dist: Oregon to southern Calif.
Coll: Ore: off Newport (Authors)
Hab: Shallow soft bottom (3678, p363)
Gyptis brevipalpa (Hartmann-Schroder) - (2398,p!2)
Dist: Puget Sound, Wash, to central America (2398 , pi 3)
Halosydna brevisetosa Kinberg, 1855 -(2033,p96)
Dist: Alaska to Mexico (2394,p6) (3678,p63)
Coll: Ore: (2394, p6) Coos Bay; Calif: central (2033, p96)
Hab: Cosmopolitan (2033, p96), along shore and 60-74 fms
(2394,p6), intertidal to 16 fms (3678,p63)
Haploscoloplos elongatus (Johnson, 1901) -(3677,pl9)
Haploscoloplos elongata (Johnson, 1901) (2033,p92)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2394,p26)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound, intertidal (3677 , p!9); Ore:
(2394, p26); Calif: central (2033 , p92)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p92), sandy beaches (2394) to 293 fms
(3677,pl9)
Haploscoloplos panamensis Monro, 1933 -(3677,p21)
Dist: Alaska to Panama (3677,p21)
Hab: In 6-25 fms, in sandy mud or mud (3677, p21)
409
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Haplosyllis sp. (2033,p!05)
Dist: Oregon to Calif. (2394, p!4) (2033 , pi 05)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,pl05) in sponges (2394,p!4)
Harmothoe fragilis (Moore, 1910) - (2398, p6)
Dist: Puget Sound, Wash., to Calif. (2398,p6)
Hab: 1 52-600 fms (3678 , p75)
Harmothoe imbricata (Linnaeus, 1767) -(2033,p96)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3678,p79)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2394,p6); Calif: central
(2033,p96)
Hab: Cosmopolitan in distribution (2033, p96) (2394, p6)
found free living or commensal with terebellids
(3678,P79)
Harmothoe lunulata (Delle Chiaje, 1841) - (2033,p96)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (3678, p81) (2394, p7)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2394, p7); Calif: central
(2033,p96)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p96) free living or commensal with
holothurians or other polychaetes (3678, p81)
Harmothoe triannulata Moore - (2558,p!2)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2558, pi 2)
Hemipodus borealis (Johnson) - (2558,p36)
Dist: B.C. to San Diego (3678,p637)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2394, p20); Calif: central
(2033,p85)
Hab: Intertidal in muddy sand and sandy gravel, in Mytilus
associations (3678, p637)
Hesionura coineaui difficilis (Banse. 1963) (3678,p285)
Dist: Washington to Farnsworth Bank, west of Santa
Catalina Island, Calif. (3678, p285)
Coll: Wash: San Juan Island (3678 , p285)
Hab: In shelf and slope depths, in coarse sand (3678,p285)
410
-------
ANNELIDA POLYCHAETA
Hesperonoe adventor (Skogsberg, 1928) -(2033,p96)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (3678, p9 1)
Hab: Commensal in burrows of the echiuroid Urechis cau
(2033,p96) intertidal (3678,p91)
He s per one complanata (Johnson, 1901) - (2394, p6) (2033,p96)
Dist: Puget Sound, Wash. (2394,p6) to Coronado, Calif.
(3678,P93)
Coll: Puget Sound (3678, p93); Ore': Coos Bay (2394);
Calif: central (2033,p96)
Hab: Intertidal (3678, p93), commensal in burrows of mud
shrimp Callianassa (2033,p96) and (2394,p6)
Heteromastus filiformis (Claparede. 1864) -'(2033,p79)
Dist: San Francisco to southern Calif. (3677, p377)
Hab: Intertidal, in silty and mixed sediments (3677, p377)
Heteromastus filobranchus Berkeley and Berkeley, 1939 - (2559,p!03)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3677,p379)
Coll: Wash: (2559, pi 04); Calif: (2559, pi 04)
Hab: In shelf to canyon depths, in mud (3677,p379)
Hololepida magna Moore (2558,p!8)
Dist: Alaska and B. C. (2558,p!8)
Hololepidella tuta (Grube, 1855) -(2394,p6)
Dist: Alaska to Washington (2394,p6)
Coll: Ore: 35 miles west of Depoe Bay in 60-74 fms (2394, p6)
Hyalinoecia juvenalis Moore, 1911 -(2033,p90)
Dist: Central Calif, to Panama (2033, p90) (3678, p667)
Hab: Subtidal, rarely washed in (2033 , p90)'
Hydroides uncinatus (Philippi, 1844) - (2033, pi 00)
Dist: Central Calif, coast (2033 , pi 00)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , pi 00)
Hypoeulalia bilineata (Johnston, 1840) -(2033,p95)
Dist: Oregon (2394, pi 2) to central Calif. (2033,p95)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p95) shore (2394, pi 2)
411
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Hypsicomus lyra Moore and Bush, 1904 - (3677,p703)
Dist: Central and southern Calif. (3677, p703)
Hab: In shelf depths, rocky habitats (3677,p703)
Idanthyrsus armatus Kinberg - (2559,p!07)
Dist: Alaska to South America (2559;pl08)
Idanthyrus ornamentatus Chamberlain, 1919 -(2394,p41)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2394,p41)
Coll: Ore: Cape Arago Stations 1464, 1487, 1492, 1497
(2394, p41); Calif: Mendocino (3677 ,p497)
Hab: Intertidal rocky habitats; reef building (3677, p497)
Isocirrus longiceps (Moore) - (2559,p47)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (3677,p453)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2398 , p41)
Hab: In shelf and canyon depths, in rocky bottoms (3677, p453)
Kefersteinia cirrata (Kegerstein) - (2558, p58)
Dist: Nanaimo region and Queen Charlotte Islands, littoral
(2558,p58); Oregon (Authors)
Lacospira borealis (Daudin), 1800 - (2394,p47)
Dist: Intertidal regions of both sides of the Americas (2394,p47)
Coll: Ore: Coos County, Squaw Island, North Bay, Middle
Bay, South Bay (2394,p47)
Hab: Cosmopolitan (2394, p47), occurs commonly on under
surfaces of rocks (2394,p47)
Laetmonice pellucida Moore, 1903 (3678,p33)
Dist: Bering Sea to San Diego; Patton Escarpment (3678, p33)
Hab: Deep bottom (3678 , p33)
Lagisca extenuata (Grube, 1840) -(3678,pl01)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (3 67 8, pi 01)
Hab: In moderate abyssal depths (3678, pi 01)
Lagisca multisetosa Moore, 1902 (2394,p7)
Dist: Alaska to Lower Calif. , Mexico (2394,p7) (3678, p!05)
Coll: Ore: 35 miles west of Depoe Bay in 60-74 fms (2394,p7)
Hab: Considerable depths (3678, pi 05)
412
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Langerhansia heterochaeta (Moore, 1909) - (3678,p435)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3678, p435)
Hab: In 25-400 fms , in green mud to gravelly sand with
shells (3678,p435)
Laonice cirrata (Sars. 1861) - (2033,p!02)
Dist: B.C. to San Diego (3677,pi 07)
Coll: Oregon (2394); Central Calif. (2033, p!02)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pi 02), sand -with shells and gravel
(2394), littoral in silty mud, cosmopolitan (3677 , pi 07]
Lepidasthenia interrupta (Marenzeller, 1902) - (3678,pl!5)
Dist: Northern Calif. (3678,pl!5)
Hab: Slope depths (3678, pi 15)
Lepidasthenia longicirrata Berkeley, 1923 (3678, pl!7)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3678,pl!7)
Hab: In slope depths , to 330m (3678 , pi 17)
Lepidonotus caeloris Moore, 1905 - (2394,p5) (2033,p97)
Dist: Alaska to Mexico (2394,p5) (2033, p97)
Hab: Rocky crevices at low tidal level (2394, p5), free
living, under rocks (2033,p97)
Lepidontus squamatus (Linnaeus, 1767) - (3678,p!25)
Dist: Pacific Ocean (3678,p!25)
Hab: In littoral zones, associated with rocky bottoms,
cosmopolitan (3678, pi 25)
Loimia medusa (Savigny, 1818) (2394,p44)
Dist: Oregon to southern Calif. ( 2394, p44) (3677 , p601)
Coll: Ore: Off Coos Bay in 20-40 fms (2394, p44)
Hab: Intertidal depths, in shelly mud or sand, cosmopolitan
in tropical and warm temperate latitudes (3677, p601)
Lumbrinereis bifurcata Mclntosh (2558,p99)
Dist: B.C. to Mexico (2558, p99)
Lumbrinereis brevicirra (Schmarda) (2558, pi 00)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2558, plOO)
Hab: Cosmopolitan (2558 , pi 00)
413
-------
ANNELIDA -POLYCHAETA
Lumbrinereis cruzensis Hartman - (2558, p98)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2558,p98)
Hab: Dredged in fine mud in about 20 fms (2558,p98)
Lumbrinereis inflata Moore - (2558,p97)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2558,p98)
Hab: Littoral and dredged (2558,p98)
Lumbrinereis luti Berkeley - (2558, plOO)
Hab: Dredged in 10-20 fms in dense mud (2558,plOO)
Lumbrinereis similabris Treadwell - (2558, pi 00)
Dist: Bering Sea to B. C. (2558,plOO)
Coll: Oregon (Authors)
Hab: Dredged in about 20 fms (2558, pi 00)
Lumbrineris bicirrata Treadwell, 1929 -(2394,p24)
Dist: Washington to Mexico (2394,p24) (3678, p745)
Coll: Wash: Diamond Point, Friday Harbor (3678 , p745);
Ore: 35 miles west of Depoe Bay, in 60-74 fms
(2394,p24)
Hab: In shelf and slope depths, in mixed and muddy sediments
(3678,p745)
Lumbrineris californiensis Hartman - (2398, pi 9)
Dist: Puget Sound to central and southern Calif. (2398 , p!9-20)
(3678,p749)
Hab: In shelf and slope depths, in mud and sand (3678,p749)
Lumbrineris latreilli Audouin and Milne-Edwards, 1833 - (2033,p86)
Dist: Central Calif, to Peru ( 2033 , p86) (3678, p?6l)
May occur farther north.
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p86), cosmopolitan in shelf and slope
depth in mixed sediments (3678, p76l)
Lumbrineris. near sarsi (Kinberg, 1865) - (2394,p25)
Coll: Ore: Brookings in sand under rocks (2394,p25)
Lumbrineris zonata (Johnson, 1901) -(2033,p86)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (2394) (3678,p777)
Coll: Wash: Salmon Bay, Puget Sound (3678, p777);
Ore: (2394, p24); central Calif. (2033,p86)
414
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Lumbrineris zonata (Johnson, 1901) - continued
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p86), in mussel and barnacle beds
(2394), intertidal to 35-46 fms, in mixed sediments
or clean sand (3678,p777)
Lysilla pacifica Hessle - (2991,p226)
Coll: Near Seattle, 10-18m, very fine sand ( 299 1 , p226)
Lysippe labiata Malmgren - (2559,p67)
Dist: Alaska, Atlantic, Arctic to Oregon (2559,p67)
Coll: Oregon (Authors)
Magelona cerae, Hartman and Reish, 1950 (2394,p29)
Dist: Dredged off Coos Bay in 20-40 fms in sand (2394, p29)
Magelona pitelkai Hartman, 1944 - (2559 ,p!3)
Dist: B.C. to San Pedro, Calif. ( 2559 , pi 3 ) (3677 , p!95)
Hab: Intertidal and shelf depths, in sandy mud (3677,pl95)
Maldane glebifex Grube , I860 (2559,p45)
Dist: B.C. to San Diego (3677, p459)
Coll: Wash: Friday Harbor ( 2559 , p45)
Maldane sarsi Malmgren, 1866 - (2394,p37)
Dist: Alaska to northern Calif, and both sides of the
Americas in addition to cosmopolitan areas
(2394,p37)
Coll: Ore: Off Coos Bay in 20-40 fms, subintertidal depths
(2394,P37)
Hab: In shelf, slope, and canyon depths, in mud (3677,p46l)
Maldanella robusta Moore, 1906 -(2559,p51)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (2559,p51) (3677,p463)
Hab: In shelf and canyon depths, in mud (3677, p463)
Malmgrenia nigralba Berkeley, 1923 (2558,plO)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3678,p!33)
Hab: In shelf depths, in sand and mud (3 678, pi 33)
Marphysa stylobranchiata Moore, 1909 (2033,p83)
Dist: Oregon to central Calif. (2033,p83) (2394,p23)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p83), to slope depths in rocky habitats
(3678,p735)
415
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Mediomastus calif o mien sis Hartman, 1944 - (2033,p?9)
Dist: Oregon to southern Calif. (2394) (2033,p?9) (3677,p387)
Hab: Intertidal and shelf depths, in mud (3677, p387)
Megalomma splendida (Moore, 1905) - (3677,p713)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (3677,p713)
Hab: In mixed and rocky bottoms with sand, in shelf and
slope depths (3677,p713)
Melinna cristata (Sars, 1851) - (2394,p42)
Dist: Circumboreal and cosmopolitan, recorded from Alaska
to southern Calif. (2394,p42)
Coll: Ore: Station 1471, off Coos Bay, 20-40 fms (2394,p42)
Mesochaetopterus taylori Potts, 1914 - (2033,p79)
Dist: B. C. to Humbolt Bay (3677, p21 3)
Hab: In sand or eel grass beds (2033,p79), intertidal in
sand (3677,p213)
Myriochele heeri Malmgren, 1867 -(2394,p38)
Dist: Western Canada, considered circumboreal; off Coos Bay
in 20-40 fms (2394, p38)
Coll: Oregon (Authors)
Myxicpla aesthetica (Claparede) -(2559,pll8)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2559,pH8)
Myxicola infundibulum (Montagu. 1808) (2033 , p98);(Renier) - (2559 , pi 19)
Dist: Oregon to southern Calif. (2033, p98) (3677,p715)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p98) in shelf depths and in mixed
sediments (3677, p7 15)
Nainereis dendritjca (Kinberg. 1867) (2033,p92)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (3677,p25)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay (2394, p26); central Calif. (2033,p92)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p92), in Zostera, Phyllospadix and
26-58 fms (2394, p26), sandy mud, common in
holdfasts of grasses (3677,p25)
Nainereis laevigata (Grube) - (2559, p94)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2559,p95)
416
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Naineris nannobranchia Chamberlin, 1919 -(3677,p27)
Dist: Northern Calif. (3677, p27)
Coll: Mendocino, Calif. (3677,p27)
Hab: Inter tidal (3677 , p27)
Naineris uncinata Hartman, 1957 -(3677,p31)
Dist: Alaska south to southern Calif. (3677,p31)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay in littoral sand (3677 , p31)
Hab: Intertidal in its northern range and in slope depths
to south; in sand and mixed sediments (3677, p31)
Neanthes brandti (Malmgren, 1866) (2033,p88)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (3678, p523)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay (2394), Yaquina, OSU; Calif: (2033,p88)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p88) at low and below tidal limits, in
sand bars (3678,p523)
Neanthes succinea (Frey and Leuckart, 1847) -(2033,p88)
Dist: B. C. to central and southern Calif. (3678, p529);
cosmopolitan (3678, p529)
Hab: The "heteronereid" stage occasionally swarms in
immense numbers in sloughs bordering San Francisco
Bay (2033,p88), in sandy or muddy clay banks
of estuarine bays, basic food for fishes in the
Salton Sea (3678,p529)
Neoamphitrite robusta (Johnson) - (2559,p85)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (3677,p605) (2559, p85)
Coll: Wash: (3677, p605)
Hab: Littoral to 170 f ms, in mud, with rocks (3677, p605)
Neoleprea spiralis (Johnson, 1901) -(2559,p84)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (3677, p607) (2559, p84)
Coll: Wash: near Seattle (3677 , p607 )
Hab: In littoral zone, in muddy bottoms with rocks (3677, p607)
Nephtys - see also Nephthys
Nephtys assignis Hartman - (2398,p!7)
Dist: Oregon to central Calif, to Mexico (2398,p!7) (3678, p573)
Hab: In 2-5 or 84-95 fms in sand and mud (3678, p573)
417
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Nephtys caeca (Fabricius, 1780) -(2394,pl8)
Dist: Alaska to central Calif. (3678,p575), a northern cold
water species; reported south to Calif. ; Arctic and
boreal shores of America and Europe (2394,p!8)
Hab: Mud and sand flats (2394, p!8), intertidal and littoral
sands, less often in mixed sediments (3678, p575)
Nephtys caecoides Hartman, 1938 -(2033,p86)
Dist: Oregon to central Calif. (2394,p!9) (2033,p86)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay (2394, pi9 ), Yaquina Bay (2396);
Calif: central (2033, p86)
Hab: Muddy sand flats or mixed sedimentsjalso in bays and
lagoons, littoral (2033,p86) (3678,p577)
Nephtys californiensis Hartman, 1938 - (2033 , p86) (2686 , p32)
Dist: B.C. to Table Bluff, Calif. (2394, p!9) (2033 , p86)
(2686,P32)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay (2394, p!9)
Hab: Clean sandy outer beaches (2033, p86), intertidal
(2686,p32)
Neptys cornuta Berkeley - (2558,p50)
Dist: B. C. to Oregon
Coll: Wash: Friday Harbor, dredged in 10-12 fms (2558, p51)
Oregon (Authors)
Nephtys cornuta franciscana Clark and Jones, 1955 -(3678,p581)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3678, p581)
Hab: In sub-tidal and shelf depths, in silt and mud (3678, p581)
Nephtys ferruginea Hartman. 1940 - (2394,p!9) (2398,p!8)
Dist: B.C. to Peru (2394,p!9) (3678,p583)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, in 20-58 fms (2394, p!9)
Hab: In 10-230 fms, in soft mud or clays (3678, p583)
Nephtys longosetosa Oersted (2558,p52)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (2558,p52)
Nephtys punctata Hartman, 1938 - (3678, p59 1) (2558 , p52)
Dist: Alaska, 15-483 fms, to central Calif. , 68-382 fms
(2558,p52)(3678,p551)
Hab: In slope depths, in muds (3678, p551)
418
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Nephtys rickettsi Hartman. 1938 -(3678,p593)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (3678,p593)
Hab: In slope depths (3678, p593)
Nephtys rubella Michaelsen (2558,p51)
Dist: East coast Vancouver Island, dredged in 20-250 fnis
(2558,p51)
Nephtys schmittii Hartman, 1938 -(3678,p595)
Dist: Alaska to central Calif. (3678,p595)
Hab: In slope depths, in mud (3678, p595)
Nereis (Nereis) callaona (Grube) -(2558,p64)
Dist: B. C. to Calif. ; Japan (2558,p65)
Nereis eakini Hartman, 1936 -(2033,p88)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2394, pi 7)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay (2394, p!7); Calif: central ( 2033 , p88)
(3678,P537)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p88), in rocky habitats (3678, p537)
Nereis mendocinana Chamberlin, 1919 -(3678,p543)
Coll: Mendocino, Calif. (3678,p543)
Hab: Intertidal (3678 , p543)
Nereis (Ceratonereis) paucidentata Moore (2558,p63)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. , not taken in Canadian waters since
1903 (2558,p64)
Nereis pelagica neonigripes Hartman, 1936 - (2033,p88)
Dist: Oregon (2394) to central Calif. (2033, p88)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p88), in rocky habitats (3678, p547)
(A subspecies of the widespread N^. pelagica Linnaeus;
known from NE Pacific (2394, pi7))
Nereis procera Ehlers, 1868 -(2033,p88)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (3678, p549)
Coll: Oregon (2394); Calif: central ( 2033 , p88)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p88), in subtidal zones in fine sandy
and silty sediments (3678, p549)
419
-------
ANNELIDA -POLYCHAETA
Nereis vexillosa Grube, 1851 -(2033,p88)
Dist: Alaska to California
Coll: Oregon (2394); Calif. (2033,p88)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p88), common (2394), on piles among
Mussel and barnacle clusters (3678, p551)
Nereis (Neanthes) virens (Sars) - (2558,p62)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2558,p63)
Nereis zonata Malmgren, 1867 -(2033,p88)
Dist: Alaska and Arctic America to central Calif. (2394)
(2033,p88)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay (2394); central Calif. (2033,p88)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p88), pholad burrow (2394), in rocky
habitats (3678,p553)
Nerine cirratulus (delle Chiage, 1828) -(2033,pl02)
Includes Nerine foliosa (Audouin and Milne-Edwards - (2559,p27))
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2394) (3677 , pi 1 5)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay and Tillamook (2394, p28); central Calif.
(2033,pl02)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , pi 02), sandy mud (3677 , pi 1 5)
Nicolea zostericola (Oersted) -(2559,p87)
Dist: Alaska, North Atlantic, Arctic (2559 , p88)
Hab: On eel grass (2559 , p88)
Nicomache lumbricalij^ (Fabricius, 1780) - (2559,p54)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (3677, p465)
Hab: In shelf and slope depths, to 1400 f ms, circumboreal
(3677, p465); all dredged in very various depths up to
1400 fms (2559,p55)
Nicomache per sonata Johnson. 1901 -(2559,p54)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (3677,p467)
Coll: Wash: Alki Pt. (type loc. ) (3677, p467)
Hab: In shelf and slope depths in mixed and rocky bottoms
(3677, p467); Wash: littoral; Alaska: dredged in
depths to 30 fms (2559;p54)
420
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Ninoe gemmae Moore. 1911 -(2394,p24)
Dist: B. C. to Mexico (2394, p24)
Coll: Ore: Cape Arago Stations 1471, 1497, in 20-74 fms
(2394)(2341)
Nothria elegans (Johnson, 1901) (2033,p90)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3678, p675)
Coll: Wash: Port Townsend (3678, p675); Ore: Coos Bay
region (2394,p23); Calif: central ( 2033 , p90)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p90), shell beach ( 2394, p23), in
littoral and sublittoral depths, in sandy mud (3678, p675)
Nothria geophiliformis (Moore, 1903) - (3678,p677)
Dist: Alaska to northern Calif. (3678,p677)
Coll: Oregon, shelf (Authors)
Hab: In 53-1 56 fms (3678 , p677 )
Nothria iridescens (Johnson, 1901) (2033,p90)
Dist: Alaska to Mexico (3678,p681)
Coll: Oregon (2394); central Calif. (2033,p90)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p90), in littoral to 290 fms (3678,p681)
Nothria stigmatis (Treadwell, 1922) -(2033,p90)
Dist: Washington to southern Calif. (3678, p685)
Coll: Wash: False Bay, low tide, in sand (3678,p685); Oregon
(2394); central Calif. (2033, p90)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p90), to 33 fms, in sand (3678, p685)
Notocirrus californiensis Hartman, 1944 (2398,p21)
Dist: Puget Sound to Calif. (2398,p21)
Hab: In shelf and slope depths, in mixed sediments, chiefly
black and green sand and gravel (3678, p811)
Notomastus (Clistomastus) lineatus Claparede, 1870 -(3677,p395)
Notomastus lineatus Claparede - (25S9,pl02)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3677,p395)
Hab: In shelf depths in red or brown, coarse to fine sand;
cosmopolitan (3677, p395)
Notomastus (Clistomastus) tenuis Moore, 1909 (2033 , p79) (2559 , pi 03)
Dist: Canada to southern Calif. (2394) (3677,p397)
Hab: Intertidal, in shelf and canyon depths, to 379rn (3677,p397)
421
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Notophyllum inbricatum Moore, 1906 - (2394,plO)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (2394,plO) (3678,p289)
Hab: Along shore (2394,plO), in shelf and slope depths, in
gray sand and rocky bottoms (3678, p289)
Notoproctus pacificus (Moore, 1906) - (2559,p56)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (3677,p469)
Coll: Oregon
Hab: Shelf and abyssal depths, in green mud (3677,p469)
Odontosyllis parva Berkeley, 1923 -(2033,pl05)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3678,p439)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, pi 05)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pi 05), among sponge and bryozoan
masses, or creeping over mussels and algae (3678,p439)
Odontosyllis phosphorea Moore. 1909 -(2033,pl05)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3678, p441)
Coll: Oregon (2394, p!4); Calif: central (2033 , pi 05)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p!05), along the shore (2394,p!4)
Oncoscolex pacificus (Moore) - (2559,p59)
Dist: B.C. to Mexico (3677, p311)
Hab: In slope and canyon depths, in rocky bottoms, intertidal
(3677,p311)
Onuphis conchylega Sars (2558, p9 1)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2558,p91)
Onuphis elegans (Johnson) -(2558,p93)
Dist: B. C. to Calif. (2558,p94)
Onuphis geophiliformis (Moore) - (2558,p91)
See Nothria geophiliformis
Onuphis iridescens (Johnson) (2558,p93)
See Nothria iridescens
Onuphis parva Moore, 1911 -(2394,p22)
Dist: Oregon to Lower Calif. , Mexico (2394,p23) (3678,p701)
Coll: Ore: dredged, Coos Bay region, 20-40 fms (2394, p22)
Hab: In 26-184 fms, in mud (3678,p701)
422
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Ophelia limacina (Rathke. 1843) -(2033,p91)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (2394,p36)
Coll: Oregon (2394, p36); central Calif. (2033, p9 1)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p9 1), in sandy beaches , cosmopolitan in
north temperate zones, intertidal in sand (3677, p333)
Ophiodromus pugettensis (Johnson, 1901) (3678,p369)
Dist: Washington to Mexico (3678, p369)
Hab: Intertidal and shelf depths, in mixed to soft sediments
(3678,p369)
Owenia fusiformis delle Chiaje, 1841 -(2394,p38)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (2394, p38)
Coll: Ore: Cape Arago Stations 1464, 1472, 1493, and 1494;
also at Joe Ney Slough; all are shore stations (2394,p38)
Paleanotus bellis (Johnson, 1897) (2398,p7)
Dist: B.C. to Mexico (3678, pi 87)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound ( 2398 , p7 )
Hab: Littoral, in bryozoan and sponge clusters (3678, p!87)
Paradexiospira vitreus (Fabricius, 1780) (3677,p791)
Dist: B.C. to central Calif. (3677,p791)
Hab: In canyon depth, on stones, cosmopolitan (3677,p791)
Paranaitis polynoides (Moore), 1909) (2394,p!2)
Phyllodoce (Paranaitis) polynoides (Moore) - (2558, p44)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (2394, pi 2) (3678, p291)
Coll: Ore: Off Coos Bay in 20-40 fms (2394, pi 2)
Hab: In moderate depths, in coarse sand, shelly and rocky
bottoms (3678,p291)
Paraonis gracilis oculata (Hartman, 1957) - (3677,p77)
Dist: Oregon, shelf depths, to Calif.
Hab: In slope, basin, and canyon depths, in silty mud (3677, p77)
Paraonis (Paradoneis) lyra Southern - (2398, p22)
Dist: Puget Sound to southern Calif. ; northern Atlantic (2398,p23)
Paraspio cirrifera, Banse and Hobson - (2398,p27)
Dist: Wash: Puget Sound (2398 , p27)
423
-------
ANNELIDA -POLYCHAETA
Pectinaria (Amphictene) auricoma (Muller) -(2559,pl05)
Dist: Alaska to B. C. , Atlantic, Arctic (2559 ; pi 05)
Pectinaria (Pectinaria) belgica (Pallas) - (2559,pi 05)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2559, p!06)
Pectinaria (Cistenides) brevicoma Johnson - (2559 , p!06)
See Cistenides brevicoma
Pectinaria californiensis Hartman, 1941 -(2033,p93)
Dist: Central Oregon to Calif. (3677, p515) (2394,p40)
(2033,P93)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay (2394, p40)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p93), dredged 20-40 fms (2394, p40),
in shelf depths, in sand (3677, p51 5)
Pectinophelia williamsi Hartman, 1938 -(2394,p36)
Dist: Oregon to central Calif. (2394,p36)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p91)
Peisidice aspera Johnson, 1897 (2394,p7)(2398,p6)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2394, p7) (3678 , pi47)
Hab: Shore in 60-74 fms (2394,p7), 20-100 fms, rocky bottoms
(3678,pi 47)
Perinereis monterea (Chamberlin, 19 1 8) - (2033 , p88)
Dist: Washington to Mexico (3678,p557)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p88), along rocky shores (3678,p557)
Petaloproctus tenuis (Theel) - (2559,p55)
Dist: North Atlantic, Arctic, west coast Vancouver Island,
dredged in about 100 fms (2559, p56)
Petaloproctus tenuis Var. borealis Arwidsson - (2559, p56)
Dist: Alaska, North Atlantic, Arctic, east coast Vancouver
Island, dredged in 10-25 fms (2559, p56)
Pherusa. inflata (Treadwell. 1914) (3677,p297)
Stylarioides inflata_ (Treadwell) - (2033,p84)
Dist: Oregon to Mexico (3677, p297)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay ( 2394, p35)
Hab: Intertidal, in rocky areas (3677, p298) (2394, p35)
424
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Pherusa negligens (Berkeley) - (2559,plO)
As Stylarioides
Dist; Mitlenatch islands, dredged in about 100 fms (2559, pi 1)
Pherusa papillata (Johnson, 1901) (3677,p303)
Stylarioides papillata (Johnson) ( 2033 , p84) ( 2394, p35)
Trophonia papillata Johnson
Dist: Alaska to Mexico (2394,p35) (3677,p303)
Coll: Wash: Port Orchard (3677 , p303); Ore: Coos Bay
(2394,p35); Calif: central ( 2033 , p84)
Hab: Littoral, shelf and canyon depths, in rocky sediments
(3677,p303)
Pherusa pulmosa (O. F. Muller)
Stylarioides pulmosa (O. F. Muller) -(2559,p9)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2559, p9 )
Hab: Littoral (2559,p9)
Phyllochaetopterus prolifica Potts, 1914 - (2033,p?9)
Dis't: B.C. to southern Calif. (3677,p217)
Hab: Intertidal and shelf depths, to 100m, rarely deeper;
in rocky habitats (3677, p217), usually in clusters,
common under ledges in low intertidal (2033, p79)
Phyllodoce (GenetyHis) castanea (Marenzeller) - (2558, p44)
Dist: B.C. to Calif., Indian Ocean, Australia (2558, p45)
Phyllodoce (Anaitides) groenlandica Oersted (2558,p46)
See Anaitides groenlandica
Phyllodoce (Anaitides) madeirensis Langerhans (2558,p45)
See Anaitides madeirensis
Phyllodoce (Anaitides) mucosa Oersted (2558,p46)
See Anaitides mucosa
Phyllodoce (Paranaitis) polynoides (Moore) - (2558,p44)
See Paranaitis polynoides
Phylo felix Kinberg, 1866 - (3677,p37)
Dist: Oregon to Mexico, to 55 fms (3677, p37)
425
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Pilargis berkeleyi Monro, 1933 -(2558,p57)
Dist: Washington to central Calif. (3678, p383)
Coll: Wash: Friday Harbor (3678 , p383)
Hab: Intertidal to 16 fms, in sand (3678, p383)
Pionosyllis gigantea Moore. 1908 - (2033.p!05)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (3678, p445)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, pi 05)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pi 05), in slope depths, in rocky and
muddy sediments (3678, p445)
Pionsyllis magnifica Moore, 1906 - (3678, p447)
Dist: Alaska to central Calif. (3678, p447)
Coll: Port Townsend, Wash, (type loc. ) in 16-26 fms, green
mud (3678, p447)
Hab: In shallow depths, in mud, sand and shelly bottoms
(3678,p447)
Pista brevibranchiata Moore, 1923 -(3677,p6l3)
Dist: Oregon to southern Calif. (3677,p6l3)
Coll: Oregon; Calif: Mendocino (3677,p6l3)
Hab: In intertidal depths, in slope depths, in mud (3677, p6l3)
Pista cristata (Muller. 1776) -(2559,p78)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2559 , p79) (3677 , p6l 5)
Hab: In shelf, canyon and slope depths, in mud; cosmopolitan
(3677,P615)
Pista elongata Moore, 1909 - (2394,p44)
Dist: B. C. to Calif, to Panama (2394, p44) (3677, p6l9)
Coll: Ore: Cape Arago, Squaw Island, North Bay, South
Bay (2394, p44); central Calif. (2033,p!06)
Hab: In rocky intertidal (2033,pl06) (3677, p6l9)
Pista fasciata (Grube. 1870) - (2559,p79)
Pista fasciata (Grube, 1870) sensu Marenzeller -(2398,p45)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (3677,p621)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2398 , p45)
Hab: In shelf, canyon, basin, and slope depths, in mud;
cosmopolitan, in a wide range of depths (3677, p621)
426
-------
ANNELIDA POLYCHAETA
Pista fratrella Chamberlin (2559.p80)
Dist: B. C. to California
Pista moorei Berkeley - (2559,p81)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (3677, p625)
Hab: Slope depth, in 36m in mixed sediments of black sand,
pebbles and rocks (3677,p625)
Pista pacifica Berkeley, 1942 -( 2033 , pi 06)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (3677,p627)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region ( 2394); Calif: central ( 2033 , pi 06)
Hab: Intertidal (3677,p627), in sandy mud flats (2033, pi 06)
Platynereis agassizi (Ehlers, 1868) - (2033,p89)
Dist: Alaska to Mexico (2394, pi 8)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay (2394, pi 8); Calif: central ( 2033 , p89 )
Hab: This has recently been found very widely distributed in
the north and south Pacific; the oldest name appears
to be P_. bicanaliculata (Baird) (2033,p89)
Platynereis bicanaliculata (Baird, 1863) (2398,pl7)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3678,p559)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound ( 2398 , p!7 )
Hab: Littoral, in kelps, building tubes and aggregated
"nests" run along rocky coasts (3678,p559)
Platynereis dumerilii (Audouin and Milne-Edwards) var. aggassizi -
(2558,p6l)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2558, p6l)
Podarke puggettensis Johnson, 1901 - (2394,p9)
Dist: B.C. to Peru (2394,p9)
Hab: Along shore, often associated with echinoderms (2394,p9)
Poeobius meseres Heath, 1930 - (2341)
Dist: NE Pacific to southern Calif. (3677, p307)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Hab: Pelagic in 350-1 300m over continental borderland
(3677,p307)
427
-------
ANNELIDA -POLYCHAETA
Polycirrus spp. -(2033, pi 06)
Dist: Oregon to central Calif. (2394,p45) (2033,pl06)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pi 06) This species on this coast is not
sufficiently well known to be distinguished (2394,p45)
Polycirrus caliendrum Claparede - (2559, p77)
Dist: B.C. and Washington (2559, p78)
Polydora armata Langerhans, 1880 - (2033,p!02)
Dist: B.C. to Mexico (3 677, pi 27)
Coll: Oregon (2394); central Calif. (2033,p!02)
Hab: Intertidal coralline or calcareous growths; cosmopolitan
(2033,p!02) (3677,pi 27)
Polydora cardalia Berkeley (2559,p21)
Dist: East coast Vancouver Island, littoral and dredged
' in about 30 fms (2559, p21)
Coll: Oregon
Polydora ciliata (Johnston) - (2559, p!9)
Dist: Cosmopolitan (2559 ,p20)
Coll: East coast Vancouver Island, littoral; in walls of
old shells of Thais lamellosa; a common shell and
rock drilling species (2559,p20)
Polydora (Boccardia) columbiana Berkeley - (2559 , pi 6)
See Boccardia columbiana
Polydora commensalis Andrews, 1891 -(2394,p28)
Dist: B. C. to Mexico (2394, p28)
Coll: Ore: Cape Arago, North Bay, Middle Bay (2394, p28)
Hab: Intertidal mud flats (3 677, pi 33)
Polydora giardi (Mesnil. 1896) -(2033,pl02)
Dist: Alaska to Mexico (3677, pi 35)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, pi 02)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pi 02), to 20 fms, in coralline zones,
boring into calcareous growths; cosmopolitan (3677, pi 35)
428
-------
ANNELIDA POLYCHAETA
Polydora ligni Webster, 1879 -(2033,pl02)
P_. amarincola Hartman
Dist: B. C. to Mexico (2394, p28)
Coll: Oregon (2394, p28); central Calif. (2033, p!02)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pi 02) and shelf depths (3677, p!37),
water logged wood (2394, p28)
Polydora (Boccardia) po.lybranchia Haswell - ( 2 559 , pi 6)
See Boccardia polybranchia
Polydora (Boccardia) proboscidea Hartman - (25 59, pi 7)
See Boccardia proboscidea
Polydora socialis (Schmarda, 1861) -(2394,p28)
Dist: Southern Alaska to Chile (2394,p28)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay (2394, p28)
Hab: In lagoons and in depths to 68m, in mud and silt (3677,pl47)
Polydora socialis (Schmarda) subsp. plena Berkeley - (2559,p22)
Dist: Alaska to B. C. (2559,p22)
Coll: Oregon
Polydora spongicola Berkeley and Berkeley, 1950 - (3677,p!49)
Dist: B. C. "to San Pedro, Calif. (3677, pi 49)
Hab: In intertidal depths northward and in slope depths at
southern end, associated with sponges and in mixed
sediments (3677, pi48)
Polydora (Boccardia) uncata Berkeley - (2559,pl4)
See Boccardia uncata
Polydora websteri Hartman, 1943 - (3677,p!51)
Dist: Oregon south to San Francisco and Mission Bay (3677, pi 51)
Hab: Intertidal and in lagoons (3677, pi 51)
Potamilla neglecta (Sars) (2559,pH6)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (3677, p721)
Potamilla (Pseudopotamilla) myriops (Marenzeller) - (2398, p46)
Dist: Wash: Puget Sound ( 2398 , p47)
429
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Praxillella affinis (Sars) var. pacifica Berkeley, 1929 -(2559,p49)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3677,p475)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2398, p43); Oregon
Hab: Shelf and canyon depths , in mud ( 3677 , p475)
Praxillilla gracilis (Sars, 1861) (2559,p50)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3677,p477)
Coll: Wash: Friday Harbor (2559 , p50)
Hab: Shelf, canyon and basin depths in silty mud (3677,p477)
Prionospio cirrifera Wiren, 1883 (3677,p!55)
Dist: Bering Sea to southern Calif. (3677, p!55)
Hab: In shelf, canyon and basin depths, to 560m, in mud
(3677,p!55)
Prionospio malmgreni Claparede, 1870 - (2559,p29)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (2559 , p30) ( 3677 , p!59 )
Hab: Very common in shallow shelf depths, in sandy mud and
mixed sediments, sometimes in aggregated masses;
cosmopolitan (3677,p!59), in depths to 250 fms
(2559,p30)
Prionospio pinnata Ehlers, 1901 (2559,p30)
Dist: B.C. to Calif, to Chile ( 3677 , pl6 1)
Coll: Wash: (2559 , p30) Puget Sound (2398 , p29 ); Oregon
(2559,p30)
Hab: In shelf, slope, canyon and basin depths, in silty mud
(3677,p!6l)
Prionospio tribtanchiata (Berkeley, 1927 )- (2394, p29 )
Dist: Canada to southern Calif. , shore to 12-17 fms (2394, p29)
Coll: Ore: Cape Arago Station 147 1 (2394, p29 )
Pseudopotamilla intermedia Moore, 1905 - (2033, p98)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (3677, p727)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033,p98)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p98), in shelf and slope depths, in
rocky or mixed sediments (3677,p727)
Pseudopotamilla ocellata Moore, 1905 - (2033, p98)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (2394, p46 )( 3677 , p729 )
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2394, p46); Calif: central (2033, p98)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p98), slope depths, in mixed sediments
(3677,p729); the tiny 2-tentacled hydroid "Lar" occurs
on the tube of this species in the Monterey area (2033, p98)
430
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
PseudosabeHides lineata Berkeley - (2559;p71)
Dist: Alaska to B.C. (2559, p72); Oregon
Pseudosabellides littoralis Berkeley - (2559 ;p72)
Dist: Hudson Bay, B. C. (2559, p72) to Oregon
Rhodine bitorquata Moore, 1923 -(2559,p52)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3677,p483)
Coll: Wash: Friday Harbor in 25 fms (2559,p53), Puget
Sound (2398, p43); Oregon; Calif: Monterey Bay in
75-766 fms (type loc. ) (2559;p53) (3677,p483)
Hab: Shelf, slope, and canyon depths, in soft sediments
(3677,p483)
Rhynchonereella angelini Kinberg, 1866 - (2341) (2553,p23)
Dist: B.C. to Oregon (2341) (2553,p23)
Remarks: Surface, rare, spring ( 2553 , p23)
Rhynchospio arenincola Hartman, 1936 (2033 , pi 03 ) ( 2394, p203)
Dist: Puget Sound, San Juan Archipelago, Wash. (2394, p!97) to
San Mateo County and San Pedro Channel (3677,pl71)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pi 03) to shelf depths, in sand and
muddy sand (3677, p!71)
Sabella crassicomis Sars, 1851 -(2033,p98)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (3677, p733)
Coll: Calif: central (2033 , p98)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p98), in shelf and slope depths, in
mixed sediments (3677,p733)
Sabella media (Bush, 1904) - (2033,p98)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (2394,p47)
Coll: Oregon (2394, p47); Calif: central (2033 , p98)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p98)
Sabellaria cementarium Moore, 1906 - (2033,p97)
Dist: Alaska to lower Calif. (2394, p41) (3677, p505)
Coll: Wash: Port Townsend (type loc. ) 16-31 fms (3677,p505);
Oregon (2394, P41); Calif: central (2033 . p97)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p97), littoral and shelf depths, on
rocky bottoms (3677, p505)
431
-------
ANNELIDA -POLYCHAETA
Salmacina tribranchiata (Moore, 1923) -(2033,plOO)
Salmacina dysteri (Huxley) var. tribranchiata (Moore, 1923)
(2559,p!31)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3677,p771)
Coll: Calif: central (2033, pi 00), off Santa Rosa Island, (type
loc. ), 38-45 fms (3677,p771)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pi 00) and shelf depths (3677, p771); some-
times considered a variety of S_. dysteri Huxley)
(2033,plOO)
Scalibregma inflatum Rathke, 1843 -(2559,p58)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (2559, p58) (3677,p313)
Hab: In shelf, slope basin, and canyon depths, in coarse sand
and shelly sediments (3677, p313)
Scionella japonica Moore - (2559;p86)
Dist: B.C., Washington, Japan (2559 , p87)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound ( 2398, p46), Friday Harbor (2559 , p87)
Schistocomus hiltoni Chamberlin, 1919 -(2394,p42)
Dist: Oregon (Authors) to Calif. (2394,p42)
Coll: Ore: Cape Arago Stations 1464, 1476, 1487, South
Slough, Institute Beach, North Bay, and South Bay
(2394,P42)
Schizobranchia insignis Bush, 1904 - (2033,p98)
Dist: Alaska to central Calif. (3677, p735)
Coll: Oregon (2394, p46); central Calif. (2033, p98)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p98), rocky habitats (3677 , p735)
Scionella japonica Moore. 1903 - (3677,p635)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3677,p635)
Hab: In shelf, slope and canyon depths (3677,p635)
Scoloplos acmeceps Chamberlin. 1919 -(2033,p92)
Dist: Alaska to Mexico (3677, p43)
Coll: Oregon (2394, p26); Calif: central ( 2033 , p92), Balboa,
intertidal (type loc. ) (3677,p43)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p92) (2394, p26), littoral, in holdfasts
of algae and grasses (3677,p43)
432
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Scoloplos armiger (O. F. Muller, 1776) -(2033,p92)
Dist: Oregon (Authors) to southern Calif. (3677, p47) (2033, p92)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p92), in littoral depths, in sand and
mixed sediments (3677,p47)
Serpula vermicularis Linnaeus, 1767 - (2394,p47); Linne (2559,p!25)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (2394, p47) (3677,p773)
Coll: Ore: Cape Arago, Fossil Point, Squaw Island, North
Bay, South Bay, Coos Head, attached to stationary
rocks (2394,p47); central Calif. (2033,plOO)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , pi 00), subtidal depths, on hard surfaces
(3677,P773)
Sigambra tentaculata (Treadwell) - (2398, p!4)
Dist: Puget Sound, Washington to southern Calif. (2398 , p!4-l 5)
Sige montereyensis Hartman, 1936 - (3678,p301)
Dist: Central Calif. (3678, p301)
Hab: In littoral depths (3678, p301)
Sphaerodoridium biserialis (Berkeley and Berkeley, 1944) -(3678,p601)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3678, p601 )
Hab: In shelf and slope depths (3678, p601)
Sphaerodoridium minutum (Webster and Benedict, 1887) - (3678,p603)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3678,p603)
Hab: In shelf depths , mud (3678, p603)
Sphaerodoridium sphaerulifer (Moore) - (2398,p!8)
Dist: Puget Sound, Washington to Monterey Bay (type loc. )
Calif, on deep fish line (2398,p!8) (3678,p605)
Sphaerodorum papillifer Moore, 1909 -(3678,p609)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3678,p609)
Hab: In slope depths, in rocky habitats (3678,p609)
Sphaerosyllis hystrix Claparede. 1863 - (2558,p80)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3678, p455)
Hab: Intertidal, in algal and shelly bottoms (3678, p455)
433
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Spaerosyllis pirifera Claparede, 1868 - (2558,p8"0)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3678, p457)
Hab: Littoral depths (3678 , p457)
Spio filicornis (Q. F. Muller, 1776) - (2033, p!03)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, p!03), San Mateo County (3677 , pi 73)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , pi 03), in sand overgrown with vegetation,
cosmopolitan (3 677, pi 73)
Spio filicornis (O. F. Muller) var. pacifica Berkeley -(2559,p25)
Dist: East coast Vancouver Island, littoral, common ( 2559 , p25)
to Oregon
Spiophanes bombyx (Claparede, 1870)- (2559;p22)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3677,p!81)
Hab: In shelf, slope and canyon depths, in silty mud,
cosmopolitan (3677,p!81)
Spiophanes cirrata Sars - (2559,p24)
Dist: West coast Vancouver Island, littoral and dredged,
fairly common (2559, p25); Oregon (Authors)
Spirobranchus spinosus Moore, 1923 - (2033,plOO)
Dist: Central Calif. (2033, pi 00)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , pi 00)
Spirorbis borealis Daudin, 1800 - (3677,p793)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3677,p793)
Hab: Intertidal on kelps and stones or shells, cosmopolitan
(3677,p793)
Spirorbis (Laeospira) granulatus (Linne) - (2559 , p!37)
Dist: Alaska to Mexico (2559, pi 37)
Spirorbis (Laeospira) langerhansi Caullery and Mesnil - (2559, pi 37)
Dist: B. C. to Panama (2559, pi 38)
Hab: On Serpula vermicularis tubes (Pixell) (25 59, pi 38)
Spirorbis (Laeospira) medius Pixell (2559, pi 3 5)
Dist: B. C. ; Ireland (2559,p!36)
434
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Spirorbis (Laeospira) morchi Levinsen (2559,p!38)
Spirorbis moerchi Levinsen, 1883 -(3677,p797)
Dist: B.C. to Mexico (2559, pi 38) (3677, p797)
Hab: In littoral zones, attached to shells in rocky habitats
(3677,P797)
Spirorbis (Dexiospira) pusilloides Bush -(2559,pl34)
Dist: B.C. to Mexico (2559,p!34)
Spirorbis (Dexiospira) spirillum (Linne) - (2559.. pi 33)
Dist: Alaska to Mexico (2559, p!33)
Spirorbis (Laeospira) validus Verrill - (2559 , pi 36)
Dist: Alaska to B. C. (2559, p!37)
Spirorbis (Laeospira) variabilis Bush (2559 , pi 36)
Dist: Alaska to Mexico (2559, p!36)
Stauronereis japonica (Annehkova) - (2991,p226)
Staurocephalus japonica Ushakov, 1955
Coll: Wash: Southern Puget Sound (10-21m, medium sand)
(2291,p226)
Stemaspis fossor^ Stimpson, 1854 - (2559,p59)
Probably S_. s cutata
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (3677, p351) (2559,p60)
Hab: In shelf and slope depths, in mixed sediments (3677, p351)
Sternaspis s cutata (Ranzani, 1817) - (2394,p38)
See also_S. fossor
Dist: Alaska to Calif, in addition to cosmopolitan areas
(2394,p38)
Coll: Ore: Many specimens were dredged at Station 1471 off
Coos Bay in 20-40 fms (2394,p38)
Hab: From an extensive bathymetric range from subintertidal
to abyssal zones (2394,p38)
Sthenelais articulata Kinberg -(2558,p23)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2558,p23)
435
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Sthenelais fusca Johnson, 1897 -(2394,p8)
Dist: Washington to Panama (2394,p8) (3678, pi63)
Coll: Ore: north of Winchester Bay in 26-48 fms, and
Institute Beach, Charleston; occurs typically in
root masses of eel grass (2394,p8)
Hab: In shelf depths, among rhizones of Phyllospadix (3678,pl63)
Sthenelais verruculosa Johnson, 1897 -(2394,p8)
Dist: B.C. to Mexico (2394, p8) (3678, pi 67)
Coll: Ore: off Coos Bay in sand, 20-40 fms (2394, p8)
Hab: Subintertidal to 30 fms, in sandy bottoms (3 67 8, pi 67)
Streblosoma bairdi (Malmgren) - (2559, p82)
Dist: Friday Harbor, Washington to Calif. (2559,p82)
Streptosyllis latipalpa Banse - (2992,p!51)
Coll: Wash: intertidal sand near Seattle (2992, pi 51)
Stylarioides arenosa (Webster) - (2559,plO)
Dist: B.C. to Channel Islands, Calif. (2559,plO)
Stylarioides inflata (Treadwell. 1914) (Hartman, 1952) -(2033,p84)
See Pherusa inflata
Stylarioides negligens Berkeley - (2559,plO)
See Pherusa negligens
Stylarioides papillata (Johnson. 1901) - (2033,p84)
See Pherusa papillata
Stylarioides plumosa (O. F. Muller) -(2559;p9)
See Pherusa plumosa
Syllis armillaris (Muller) - (2558,p72)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2558,p72)
Syllis elongata (Johnson, 1901) - (2033,p!05)
Dist: Alaska to Mexico (2394, pi 5) (3678, p46l)
Coll: Oregon: Coos Bay (2394, pi 5); Calif: central (2033 , pi 05)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pi 05), in hydroids (2394, pi 5), in
stoney and shelly bottoms (3678, p46l)
436
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Syllis fasciata Malmgren (2558, p74)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2558,p75)
Syllis harti Berkeley - (2558,p77)
Dist: B.C. (2558,p77)
Syllis (Typosyllis) harti Berkeley and Berkeley - (.2398,pl7)
Coll: Puget Sound, Washington (2398, p 17 )
Syllis hyalina Grube (2558,p74)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2558, p74)
Hab: In sponge Ectyodoryx parasitica growing on shell of
Pecten hindsi dredged in 30-50 fms (2558,p74)
Syllis pulchra Berkeley (2558,p73)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2558, p73)
Hab: Littoral and dredged in 15-25 fms (2558,p73)
Syllis sclerolaema Ehlers (2558,p73)
Dist: B.C. and Puget Sound (2558, p7 3)
Coll: Wash: Friday Harbor (2558, p73)
Hab: Dredged in 8-50 fms, both free-living and in sponge
Ectyodoryx parasitica growing on shell of Pecten
hindsi. littoral (2558 , p7 3)
Telepsavus costarum Claparede, 1870 (2559,p63)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3677, p2 19 )
Coll: west coast of Vancouver Island (2559,p63)
Hab: In sand-beds, at or near lowest tide mark, often
associated with Mesochaetopterus taylori; dredged
in 20-40 fms (2559,p63); in shelf, slope, and canyon
depths, in sandy silts; cosmopolitan (3677,p219)
Terebellides stroemi Sars, 1835 (2394,p44)
Dist: Alaska to western Mexico, cosmopolitan (2394, p44)
Coll: Ore: off Coos Bay in 20-40 fms (2394, p44)
Thalenessa spinosa (Hartman, 1939) (3678,p!77)
Dist: Central and southern Calif. (3678,p!77)
Hab: In shallow depths, in silty sediments ( 3678, p 177)
Tharyx multifilis Moore. 1909 -(2559,p34)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2559 , p35) ( 3677 , p26 3)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2398, p37 ); Oregon
Tharyx multifilis Moore var. parvus Berkeley (2559, p35)
Dist: East coast Vancouver Island, littoral (2559. p35); Oregon
437
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Tharyx parvus Berkeley, 1929 - (2033,p82)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3677,p265)
Hab: Estuarine and intertidal, in mud and silt flats (3677, p265)
Thelepus crispus Johnson, 1901 -(2033,pl06)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (3677,p645)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region and others (2394, p44); Calif:
central (2033,pi 06)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p!06), in mixed bottoms (3677,p645)
Thelepus hamatus Moore, 1905 - (2559,p82)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2559,p83) (3677,p647)
Hab: In shelf and slope depths, in sand (3677, p647)
Thelepus setosus (Quatrefages, 1865) -(2559,p83)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3677,p649)
Hab: In shelf, slope and basin depths, in mixed sediments;
cosmopolitan, in shelf and slope,depths (3677,p649)
Thoracophelia mucronata (Treadwell, 1914) -(2033,p91)
See Euzonus
Tomopteris cavallii Rosa - (2341)
Dist: Oregon (2341 )
Tomopteris (Johnstonella) pacifica Izuka, 1914 - (2341)
Dist: B.C. to Monterey Bay, Calif. (3678,p353)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Hab: Pelagic (3678,p353)
Tomopteris nisseni Rosa - (2341)
Dist: Oregon (2341)
Tomopteris septentrionalis Quatrefuges. 1865 - (2553 , p23) (2394,pi 2)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (2553,p23) (3678,p355)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay (2394, pi 2)
Hab: Surface to 1000m, cosmopolitan, in wide range of
depths (3678,p355), mid-depth and deep, abundant
(2553,p23), occurs in plankton of northern seas
(2394,P12)
438
-------
ANNELIDA - POLYCHAETA
Tomopteris renata Berkeley and Berkeley, 1948 - (2553, p23) (2558,p26)
Dist: B. C. (2553,p23)
Hab: In plankton (2558 , p26), deep, rare ( 2553 , p23 )
Travisia brevis Moore, 1923 -(2559 , p90) (2394, p37)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (2394,p37) (3677, p343)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound ( 2398 , p41 ); Ore: off Coos Bay
in 20-40 fms (2394,p37); Calif; off Pt. Loma (type loc.
in 62-183 fms. gray sand (3677,p343)
Hab: In 10-183 fms, in shelf and slope depths, in gray sand
and green mud (3677,p343)
Travisia gigas Hartman. 1938 - (2033,p91)
Dist: Oregon (Authors) to San Diego- Bay (3677, p347)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p9 1), sandy flats (3677 , p347)
Travisia pupa Moore - (2559.p89)
Dist: Alaska to Calif ( 2559 , p90)
Trichobranchus glacialis Malmgren (2559,p76)
Dist: Cosmopolitan ( 2559 , p76)
Coll: Oregon (Authors)
Trypanosyllis adamanteus Treadwell, 1914 - (2033,p!05)
Dist: Oregon to Mexico (2394,pl4)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay ( 2394, p!4); Calif: central ( 2033 , pi 05)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pi 05), between mussels and barnacle
clumps (2394, p!4)
Trypanosyllis gemmipara Johnson, 1901- (2033,p!05)
Dist: Alaska to Mexico (2394,p!4)
Coll: Wash: Port Townsend (type loc. ) (3678, p467)
Ore: Coos Bay region (2394, p!4); Calif: central
(2033,p!05)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , pi 05), associated with bryzoan, sponge
and ascidian masses (3678,p467)
Trypanosyllis ingens Johnson, 1902 -( 2559 , pi 39 )
Dist: B.C. to Pacific Grove, Calif. (3678,p469)
Hab: Between tide marks, also in large kelp, Nereocystis
pyrifera (3678,p469)
439
-------
ANNELIDA - Polychaeta
Typhloscolex mulleri Busch (2558,p30)
Dist: B.C.: west coast Vancouver Island ( 2558 , p30)
Hab: In plankton (2558 , p30), also deep (2553, p24)
Typosyllis armillaris (O. F. Muller, 1776) (2033, p!05)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3678, p481)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , pi 05), cosmopolitan, in littoral zones
(3678,p481)
Typosyllis fasciata (Malmgren, 1867) -(3778,p485)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3678,p485)
Hab: In intertidal zones, associated with Mytilus colony,
or in pile fauna (3678,p485)
Typosyllis hyalina (Grube. 1863) -(2033,pl05)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. , cosmopolitan (3678 , p487)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , pi 05), in intertidal zones , with algal,
sponge and mollusk clumps (3678,p487)
Typosyllis pulchra (Berkeley, 1938) -(2033,pl05)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (3678,p493) (2394,p!4)
Coll: Ore: Fossil Pt. , Yaquina Head (2394, p!4); Calif:
central (2033,pi 05)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p!05), in 15-25 fms (3678,p493)
Vermiliopsis multiannulata (Moore, 1923) - (3677,p781)
Dist: Oregon to southern Calif. (3677,p781)
Hab: In shelf, slope and canyon depths, on rocky surfaces
(3677,p781)
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA
Subphylum : Chelic e rata
Class: PYCNOGONIDA
Achelia chelata (Hilton. 1939) (2033,p210)
Ammothea euchelata Hedgpeth, 1940
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , p21 0) (2199) (31 25 , p!9)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p21 0); infesting Mytilus californianus
(2006,p478)(3126,P16)
440
-------
ARTHROPODA - Pycnogonida
Achelia echinata Hodge, 1864 (2033,p210)
Coll: Calif: central coast, San Francisco ( 2033 , p208)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p21 0)
Achelia gracilipes (Cole, 1904 - (2033,p210)
Dist: Alaska to California (2033,p209) (2201,p!06)
Coll: Calif: Bolinas (3125,p20)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p21 0)
Achelia midiuscula (Hall, 1913) (2033,p210)
Coll: Central Calif, coast ( 2033 , p21 0) (2206), San Francisco
(3125,p20)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p21 0)
Achelia simplissima (Hilton, 1939) -(2033,p210)
Coll: Calif: central coast ( 2033 , p21 0), Dillon Beach (2201 , pi 08)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p21 0)
Achelia spinoseta (Hilton, 1939) -(2033,p210)
Coll: Calif: central coast ( 2033 , p21 0), Moss Beach, Dillon
Beach (2201,p!06)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p21 0)
Ammothea euchelata Hedgpeth 1940
See Achelia chelata
Ammothella bi-unguiculata (Dohrn, 1881) -(2033,p210)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033,p210), San Pedro Point,
Lower Calif. (2199,p255) (2006,p479), Laguna Beach
(2006,p!57)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p21 0)
Ammothella menziesi Hedgpeth, 1951 -(2201,pl08)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033 , p21 0), Dillon Beach
(2201,p!08)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p21 0)
Ammothella setosa Hilton, 1942 - (2033,p210)
Coll: Calif: central coast ( 2033 , p21 0), Bolinas (31 25 , p20)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p21 0)
441
-------
ARTHROPODA - Pycnogonida
Ammothella tuberculata Cole, 1904 - (2033,p210)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033 , p21 0), Dillon Beach (2201 , pi 08),
northern Calif, to Laguna Beach (2006, pi 53), Bolinas
(3125,P20)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p21 0)
Anoplodactylus erectus Cole, 1904 - (2033,p210)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033 , p21 0), Balboa, Pacific
Grove (2006,p367)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p21 0)
Callipallene califo miens is (Hall, 1913) - (2033, p210)
Coll: Calif: Laguna Beach ( 2033 , p204)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p21 0)
Decachela discata Hilton, 1939 -(2033,p210)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033 , p21 0), Pacific Grove
(2199,p254)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p21 0)
Eurycyde spinosa Hilton, 1916 - (2033,p210)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033 , p21 0), Santa Cruz Islands ,
Laguna Beach (2199;p254)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p21 0)
Halosoma compactum (Hilton. 1939) - (2033,p210)
Coll: Calif: central coast, Pacific Grove ( 2033 , p205)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p21 0)
Halosoma viridintestinale Cole, 1904 - (2033,p210)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033 , p21 0), Dillon Beach (2201 ,
pi 06) (3125,p!9), Monterey to Tomales Bay (2006,
P350)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p21 0), on eel grass (31 25 , p!9), on
Obelia on which it probably feeds (2006,p350), on
Girdle species of Mopalia muscosa (3125, p!9)
Lecythorhynchus marginatus Cole, 1904 - (2033,p210)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033 , p21 0), Mar in Co. to
Laguna Beach (2199 ; p255), Dillon Beach (2201 ,plll),
south to Cedros Island, Vladvastok (2006,p!03),
Bolinas (3125, p20)
442
-------
ARTHROPODA - Pycnogonida
Nymphon grossipes (O. Fabr)
Dist: Circumpolar, PugetSound, Bering Sea (21 99 , p255)
Nymphon heterodenticulatum Hedgpeth
Coll: Calif, off Santa Catalina Island ( 21 99 ; p255)
Nymphon pixellae Scott
Coll: Puget Sound; Departure Bay, B. C. ; off southern Calif.
(2199,p255)
Nymphopsis spinosis sima (Hall, 1912) -(2033,p210)
Coll: Calif: central coast ( 2033 , p21 0), Dillon Beach ( 2201 , pi 1 0)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 . p21 0)
Phoxichilidium femoratum (Rathke, 1799) -(2033,p210)
Dist: Calif. , both sides of the Atlantic, Alaska, boreal (2033)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033 , p21 0), Marin Co. (3125,p!9)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p21 0)
Phoxichilidium quadridentatum Hilton, 1942 - (2033,p210)
Dist: Dutch Harbor, Alaska to Laguna Beach, Calif. (2006,p!04)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , p21 0)
Hab: On buoys not on shore (2033,p204)
Phoxichilus compactus Hilton
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2199 , p254)
Pycnogonum rickettsi Schmitt, 1934 - (2033,p210)
Coll: Wash: Friday Harbor (2006, p352); Calif: central
coast (2033,p210), Tomales Point, Monterey Bay,
Santa Cruz Island (2199,p254), Dillon Beach,
Galapagos Island (2201 , pi 16), Bolinas (3125,p21)
Pycnogonum stearnsi Ives , 1892- (2033, p210)
Dist: Alaska to San Diego (2199;p254)
Coll: Ore: Cape Arago (2006, p352); Calif: central coast
(2033, p210), Bolinas (3125,p21), Dillon Beach
(2201,pll6), Humboldt Co. (2196,p251), not found
at San Diego (2006,p352)
Feeding: Feeds on anemones (2974,p203) (2006,p352) (3125,p21)
443
-------
ARTHROPODA ARACHNIDA
Rhynchothorax philopsammum Hedgpeth, 1951 -(2033,p210)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033 , p21 0), Tomales Bluff, Dillon
Beach(2201,plll)
Hab: Inter tidal (2033 , p21 0)
Tanystylum anthomasti Hedgpeth
Dist: Japan, Alaska to Oregon (2006,p202)
Coll: Ore: Cape Arago (2006,p202)
Tanystylum californicum Hilton, 1939 -(2033,p210)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033 , p21 0), Marin Co. , southern
Calif. (2199,p255), Dillon Beach (2201 , pi 1 5), on
Azlaaphenia along Calif, coast (2006,pi 04), Bolinas
(3125,p20)
Tanystylum duospinum Hilton, 1939 -(2033,p210)
Coll: central Calif, coast (2033 , p21 0) (2199 , p255)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p21 0)
Tanystylum intermedium Cole, 1904 - (2033, p210)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033,p210), Carmel to San
Diego (2199,p255)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p21 0)
Tantystylum nudum Hilton
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2199 , p255)
Tanystylum occidentalis (Cole. 1904) - (2033 , p21 0)
Dist: Washington to Calif. (2033,p209)
Coll: Calif: Pacific Grove, southern Calif. (2199,p255)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p21 0)
Class: ARACHNIDA
Halobisium occidentale Beier (2033, p!97)
Dist: Alaska to San Francisco (2033, p!97)
Hab: Under Salicornia and logs in marshes
444
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Branchiopoda
Subphylum: MANDIBULATA
Class: CRUSTACEA
Subclass: Branchiopoda (Cladocera)
Evadne normanni Loven, 1836 -(2553,p27)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif., cosmopolitan (2037,p341)
Coll: B. C.:(2553,p27), Vancouver Island (2037 , p341)
(2043,p347, 251); Calif: southern end Monterey Bay
in sfc. hauls (2037,p341), occurred throughout year
in Monterey but highest cone, was in early May (2037)
Temp: (lit. review (2037 , p342)), Cleve 9. 17 °C avg. of Sobs,
12.8 max, 8 min Rammner 6-18°C; Baker (2037)
Monterey 10-16°C, 1 2-14 ° C most usual; southern
Calif. 15. 5-18. 5 °C
Salinity: (lit. review 2037), Cleve 34. 49%o avg. of 7 obs, max
35.47%o, min 31. 83%0 Rammner 2-35%o
Evadne tergestina Glaus, 1877 - (2553,p27)
Dist: B. C. (2553,p27)
Podon leuckartii Sars. 1862 (2553,p27)
Dist: B. C. (2553,p27)
Podon polyphemoides (Leuckhart, 1859) -(2553,p27)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. , cosmopolitan ( 2553 , p27) ( 2043 , p247 , 251)
Coll: B.C.: Vancouver Island ( 2043 , p247 , 251); Calif: Monterey
Bay, occurs throughout entire year, highest frequency
in winter (2037)
Hab: Planktonic nearshore and oceanic
Temp: Lit. review (2037 , p328); Aurivillius , 1 0. 2-19. 8 ° C ( 2037);
Rammner, 2.46-1 7. 92 ° C ( 2037); Baker, Monterey
material 10-l6°C but most from 12-14°C (2037);
optimal thermal range established by Rammer, 10-15°C
(2037)
Salinity: Lit. review (2037 , p328); Aurivillius, 21%o; Rammner can
stand extremes 1. 05-35. 1 %o; Baker, Monterey Bay
32. 5-34. 0%o(2037,p329)
445
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Ostracoda
Subclass: Ostracoda
The listings of Ostracoda presented here are incomplete. In a
forthcoming publication on Ostracoda from Oliver and Boyd, Ltd.
edited by J. W. Neale, there will be an article on Pacific Coast
Ostracoda including the material collected by Oregon State
University and identified by Dr. Frederick M. Swain. It was hoped
that this information would be published before we went to press.
Conchoecia alata minor McHardy, 1964 - (2553,p31)
Dist: B. C. (2553,p31)
Hab: Mid-depth and deep, common (2551 , p31)
Conchoecia elegans Sars. 1865 - (2553,p31)
Dist: B. C. (2553,p31)
Hab: Mid-depth and deep, abundant (2553,p31)
Conchoecia spinorostris Glaus, 1891 -(2553,p31)
Dist: B. C. (2553,p31)
Corycaeus anglicus Lubbock, 1857 -(2553,p46)
Dist: B. C. (2553,p46)
Hab: Mid-depth, common (2553 , p46)
Gigantocypris agassizii (Muller) - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Subclass: Copepoda
Acartia clausi Giesbrecht - (2548,p7)
Coll: Wash: 47°23'N, 1 24°30' W; 48 °23' N, 1 24°52' W; 47 °11 'N,
124°19'W; 46°27'N, 1 24 °1 2' W; 48 °1 6'N, 123°41'W
(2684); Ore: 45°33'N, 124°02'W; 44°36'N, 124°08'W;
45°52'N, 124°00'W; 46°04'N, 1 24°30'W (2684)
Hab: Pelagic in plankton
446
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Copepoda
Acartia danae Giesbrecht - (2341)
Coll: Wash: 46°28'N, 1 24°26'W ( 2684); Ore: 45052'N,
124°00'W; 45°48'N, 124°19'W; 44°40'N, 124°26'W;
46°04'N, 124°18'W; 45°57'N, 1 24 °11' W (2684)
Misc: This species was found to be an indicator of seasonal
changes in surface currents off the coast of Oregon.
A_. danae occurs both inshore and offshore in winter
indicates northward flow with inshore component and
Centropages mcmurrichi found inshore in early
summer indicates southerly flow with offshore
component. Spring and autumn both species occur
together inshore indicates a transitional state (3670)
Acartia longiremis (Lilljeborg) - (2341)
Coll: Wash: 46°27'N, 124°12'W
48°16'N, 123°41'W
47°23'N, 124°30'W
48°23'N, 124°52'W
46°08'N, 124°04'W
47°11'N, 124°19'W
Ore: 45°52'N, 124°00'W
45°34'N, 124°02'W
46°04'N, 124"18'W
46°17'N, 124°21'W
44°36'N, 124°08'W
45°13'N, 124°16'W
45U48'N, 124°19'W
43°51'N, 124°18'W
42°58'N, 124°37'W
Acartia negligens - (2684)
Coll: Ore: 45 °48 'N, 1 24 °19 ' W; 43 °51'N, 1 24 °1 3 ' W (2684)
Acartia tonsa - (2684)
Coll: Wash: 46°1 5'N, 1 24°11 'W (2684); Ore: 46°04'N,
124°18'W; 45°57'N, 1 24°11 'W (2684)
Aegisthus mucronatus Giesbrecht - (2548,p7)
Coll: Oregon (2548,p7)
Aetideopsis pacifica Esterly - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
46°57'N,
46°25'N,
47°47'N,
46°39'N,
46C28'N,
(2684)
45°57'N,
45°33'N,
44°07'N,
44°07'N,
44°24'N,
44°40'N,
45C43'N,
44°20'N,
(2684)
124°18'W
124°33'W
124°53'W
124°16'W
124°26'W
124°11'W
124°02'W
124°22'W
124°22'W
124°18'W
124°26'W
124°25'W
124°20'W
447
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA Copepoda
Aetideus armatus (Boeck) - (2341)
Coll: Wash: 46°25'N, 124°33'W (2684); Ore: 45°13'N,
124°16'W; 45°331N, 1 24°02'W (2684)
Aetideus pacificus Brodsky - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Amallothrix valida (Farran) - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Amallothrix vorax (Esterly) - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Arietellus plumifer G. O. Sars - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Bathycalanus bradyii (Wolfenden) - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Bradyodius sp. - (2684)
Coll: Ore: 44°20'N, 1 24 °20' W (2684)
Caetanus secundus Esterly - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Calanus spp. - (2033,p!26)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , pi 26)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , pi 26)
Calanus cristatus Kr^yer (2341)
Coll: Washington (2341) and Oregon, 45°13'N, 1 24 °1 6' W (2684)
Calanus finmarchicus (Gunner) 1765 - (2341)
Dist: Cosmopolitan
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , pi 26)
Temp: 0-1 0°C range; appears copepods do not acclimate to
temperature changes outside their seasonal
temp, range. They can however compensate for
temp, change in vicinity of water where they were
collected, plus QZ information (2695)
448
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Copepoda
Calanus finmarchicus (Gunner) - continued
Oxygen: C>2 consumption in relation to environmental
conditions (2873)
General Biol: Reviewed in detail by Marshall and Orr (3420),
includes chapters on systematics, anatomy, reproduction,
development, life cycle, size, feeding, respiration,
vertical migration, parasites, and ecology.
Calanus pacificus Brodsky - (2341)
Coll: Wash: 46°25'N, 124°33'W
46°27'N, 124°12'W
46°28'N, 124°26'W
47°47'N, 124°53'W
46017'N, 124°21'W
46°15'N, 124°11'W
Ore: 45°52'N, 124°00'W
43°51'N, 124°13'W
46°08'N, 124°04'W
44°24'N, 124°18'W
44°07'N, 124°22'W
44°20'N, 124°20'W
46°04'N, 124°18'W
45°57'N, 124°11'W
Calanus plumchrus Marukawa - (2341)
Coll: Wash: 46°15'N, 124°11'W
48°23'N, 124°52'W
46°25'N, 124°33'W
Ore: 42°58'N, 124°37'W
45°34'N, 124°02'W
46°17'N, 124°21'W
44°07'N, 124°22'W
46°08'N, 124°04'W
47
48
48°16'N,
47°11'N,
48°23'N,
23'N,
27'N,
46°47'N,
42°58'N,
45°43'N,
45°18'N,
44°36'N,
45°33'N,
45°48'N,
45°34'N,
(2684)
123°41'W
124°19'W
124°52'W
124°30'W
124°45'W
124°18'W (2684)
124°37'W
124°25'W
124°16'W
124°08'W
124°02'W
124°19'W
124°02'W
47°47'N, 124°53'W
48°16'N, 123°41'W
46°39'N, 124°l6'W(2684)
45°57'N, 124°11'W
46°04'N, 124°18'W
46°27'N, 124°12'W
44°24'N, 124°18'W
(2684)
Calanus tenuicornis Dana - (2341)
Coll: Wash: 48°l6'N, 123°44'W
48°23'N, 124°52'W
48°27'N, I 24°45'W
Ore: 45°52'N, 124°00'W
45°43'N, 124°25'W
45°13'N, 124°16'W
45°48'N, 124°19'W
46°04'N, 124°18'W
45°57'N, 124°11'W
46°28'N, 124°26'W
47°23'N, 124°30'W
46°15'N, 124°11'W (2684)
43°51'N, 124°13'W
46°08'N, 124°04'W
44°20'N, 124°20'W
44°40'N, 124°26'W
45°34'N, 124°02'W
(2684)
449
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Copepoda
Calocalanus styliremis - (2684)
Coll: Wash: 46°57'N, 124°18'W
48°27'N, 124°45'W
46°27'N, 124°12'W
Ore: 45°52'N, 124°00'W
45°57'N, 124°11'W
46°04'N, 124°18'W
46°08'N, 124°04'W
43°5rN, 124°13'W
46°15'N, 124°11'W
46°28'N, 124°26'W
46°39'N, 124°16'W (2684)
45°52'N, 124°00'W
45°34'N, 124°02'W
45°48'N, 124°19'W
45°43'N, 124°25'W
(2684)
Calocalanus tenuis - (2684)
Coll: Wash: 48°27'N, 1 24°45'W; 46°57'N, 1 24°18'W (2684);
Ore: 43°51'N, 124°13'W
Candacia bipinnata Giesbrecht - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Candacia columbiae Campbell - (2341)
Coll: Washington and Oregon, 45°48'N, 1 24°19'W (2684) (2341)
Centraugaptilus porcellus Johnson
Coll: Oregon (2341)
(2341)
Centropages sp. - (2684)
Coll: Washington to Oregon, 47°23'N, 1 24°30'W (2684)
Centropages abdominalis - (2684) (2553,p40)
Dist: B. C. to Oregon (2684)
Coll: Wash: 46°15'N, 124°11'W
47°11'N, 124°19'W
48°16'N, 123°41'W
Ore: 45°47'N, 124°11'W
46°04'N, 124°18'W
45°33'N, 124°02'W
44°24'N, 124°18'W
Centropages mcmurrichi Willey -(2548,p7)
Coll: Oregon ^2548,p7)
Charopimis dentatus (Wilson)
Dist: Oregon to Calif. (3133:p790)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Kiwanda (3133,p790); Calif:
Pacific Grove (3133,p790)
Remarks: Parasitic on Raia binoculata
48°23'N, 124°52'W
46°27'N, 124°12'W
45°34'N, 124°02'W
44°20'N, 124°20'W
44°36'N, 124°18'W
45°13'N, 124°16'W
450
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Copepoda
Chirundina streets! Giesbrecht - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Clausocalanus arcuicornis (Dana) (2341)
Clausocalanus Acuicornis (Dana) (2553)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2553); Ore: 45°33'N, 124°02'W
(2684)
Clausocalanus dubius Brodsky - (2341 )
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Clausidium vancouverense (Haddon, 1912) - (2033,p!26)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, pi 26)
Hab: On Callianassa and Upogebia (2033, pi 26)
Clausocalanus arcuicornis forma major (2684)
Coll: Wash: 46°28'N, 1 24°26'W (2684)
Ore: 42°58'N, 124°37'W
44°20'N, 124°20'W
45°48'N, 124°19'W
45°52'N, 124°00'W
44°36'N, 124°08'W
45°57'N, 124°11'W
(2684)
Clausocalanus arcuicornis forma minor - (2684)
Coll: Wash: 46°27'N, 124°12'W
46°28'N, 124°26'W
46°15'N, 124°irw
Ore: 45°43'N, 124°25'W
42°58'N, 124°37'W
44°20'N, 124°20'W
44°40'N, 124°26'W
45°34'N, 124°02'W
45°52'N, 124°00'W
Clausocalanus pergens - (2684)
Coll: Wash: 46°57'N, 124°18'W
48°27'N, 124°45'W
46°25'N, 124°33'W
Ore: 46°04'N, 124°18'W
44°20'N, 124°20'W
45°43'N, 124°25'W
47°11 'N, 124°19'W
46°17'N, 124°21'W
46°57'N, 124"18'W (2684)
45°13'N, 124°16'W
43°51'N, 124"13'W
45°48'N, 124°19'W
46°041N, 124°18'W
45°57'N, 124°11'W
(2684)
46°15'N, 124°11'W
46°27'N, 124°12'W
(2684)
45°48'N, 124°19'W
45°13'N, 124"16'W
43°51'N, 124°13'W (2684)
451
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Copepoda
Clytemnestra rostrata (Brady) - (2658,p7)
Dist: Washington to Oregon (2548,p7) (2684)
Coll: Washington and Oregon, 46°04'N, 1 24°1 8 ' W (2684)
Corycaeus sp. -(2548,p7)
Dist: Oregon (2548, p7)
48°27'N, 124°45'W (2684)
46°04'N, 124°18'W (2684)
46
46
48
48
o
0
o
o
15'
17'
23'
16'
N,
N,
N,
N,
1
1
1
1
24
24
24
23
O
o
0
0
11'
21'
52'
41'
W
W
W
W
(2684)
45
46
45
44
45
42
o
o
o
o
o
o
47'
04'
48'
07'
43'
58'
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
1
1
1
1
1
1
24
24
24
24
24
24
0
0
o
0
o
o
11'
18'
19'
22'
25'
37'
W
W
W
W
W
W
(2684)
Corycaeus anglicus - (2684)
Coll: Wash: 48°23'N, 124°52'W
Ore: 45°48'N, 124°19'W
Ctenocalanus vanus^ - (2684)
Coll: Wash: 46°57'N, 124°18'W
48°27'N, 124U45'W
47°47'N, 124°53'W
46°27'N, 124°12'W
46°25'N, 124°33'W
Ore: 45°52'N, 124°00'W
45°34'N, 124°02'W
44°40'N,. 124°26'W
44°20'N, 124°20'W
44°24'N, 124°18'W
43°51'N, 124°13'W
Epilabidocera amphitrities (McMurrich) - (2341)
Coll: Washington (2341); Ore: 45 U48'N, 1 24°19 ' W; 45 °1 3'N,
124°16'W (2684)
Epilabidocera longipedata (Sato) - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Eucalanus attenuates (Dana) - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Eucalanus bungii Giesbrecht (2341)
Eucalanus^ bungii bungii Johnson 1938 - (2553)
Coll: Wash: 46°25'N, 124°33'W, Puget Sound ( 2553 , p34)
46°15'N, 124°11'W; 46°28'N, 1 24°26'W (2684);
Ore: 45°34'N, 124°02'W; 46°04'N, 124°18'W;
45°48'N, 124°19'W (2684)
Eucalanus bungii bungii - (2684)
See Eucalanus bungii
452
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Copepoda
Eucalanus bungii californicus - (2684)
Coll: Ore: 44°20'N, 1 24 °20' W; 45 033'N, 1 24°02' W; 42 °58'N,
124°37'W (2684)
Eucalanus elongatus hyalinus Giesbrecht - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Euchaeta spinosa Giesbrecht - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Euchirella curticauda (Giesbrecht) - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Euchirella galeata Giesbrecht - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Euchirella pulchra (Lubbock) - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Euchirella rostrata (Glaus) - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Eurytemora americana - (2684)
Coll: Washington and Oregon, 46°27'N, 124°12'W
Gaetanus simplex Brodsky - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Gadius tenuispinus (G. O. Sars) -(2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Gaussia princeps (T. Scott) - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Giadius brevispinus (G. O. Sars) (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Giadius pungens Giesbrecht - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Giadius variabilis Brodsky - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
453
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Copepoda
Haloptilus pseudooxycephahis Brodsky - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Heterorhabdus sp. - (2684)
Coll: Wash: 46°25'N, 124°33 'W; Oregon (2684)
Heterorhabdus norvegicus -(2684)
Coll: Washington; Oregon, 45°13'N, 1 24°16'W (2684)
Heterorhabdus papilliger (Claus) - (2341)
Coll: Washington (2684); Oregon, 45°28'N, 1 24°26'W ( 2684)
Heterorhabdus tanneri (Giesbrecht) - (2341)
Heterorhabdus poximus Davis - (2648)
Coll: Washington (2684); Oregon, 46°04'N, 1 24°18'W (2684)
Heterostylites longicornis (Giesbrecht) - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Heterostylites major (Dahl) - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Lepeophthirus pravipes Wilson
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (3133,p778)
Remarks: Parasite of Sculpins
Lophothrix frontalis Giesbrecht - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Lubbockia squillimana Claus - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Lucicutia bicornuta Wolfenden - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Lucicutia flavicornis (Claus) - (2341) (2548,p7)
Coll: Wash: 46°27'N, 124°12'W 46°28'N, 124°26'W
Ore: 45°43'N, 124°25'W 46°08'N, 124°04'W
45°13'N, 124°16'W 45°48'N, 124°19'W
(2684)(2648,p7)
454
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Copepoda
Mixtocalanus robustus Brodsky (2341
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Mytilicola orentalis Mari
Coll: Wash: Puget
Remarks: Parasite
Sound (3062)
on Crassostrea
gigas
Thunbe rg ,
Sound (3062), in digestive diverlicua of C. g
Oithona plumifera Baird - (2341)
Puget
igas (3226)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Oithona similis Glaus -
Coll: Wash: 46°
48°
47°
48°
47°
48°
46°
Ore: 45°
45°
44°
44°
44°
46°
43°
44°
(2548
57'
27'
23'
23'
11'
16'
39'
52'
34'
40'
20'
07'
08'
51'
24'
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
,P7)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
24°18'
24°45'
24°30'
24°52'
24°19'
23"41'
24°16'
24°00'
24°02'
24°26'
24°20'
24°22'
24°04'
24 ° 1 3 '
24°18'
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
46
46
47
46
46
46
45
46
45
45
44
45
42
45
°15'
°17'
°47'
°28'
°27'
°25'
°57'
°04'
°48'
°33'
°36'
°43'
°58'
°13'
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
124
124
124
124
124
124
124
124
124
124
124
124
124
124
°11
°21
°53
°26
°12
°33
°11
°18
°19
°02
°08
°25
037
°16
'W
'W
1
'W
'W
'W
'W
'W
'W
'W
'W
'W
'W
'W (2684)
Remarks: A very common and important organism.
Oithona spinirostris Glaus - (
Coll: Wash: 46°
48°
47°
48°
47°
48°
46°
Ore: 45°
45°
44"
44°
44°
44°
46°
43°
57'
27'
23«
23'
11'
16'
39'
52'
34'
40'
20'
07'
24'
08'
51'
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
2548, P7)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
24°18'
24°45'
24°30'
24°52'
24°19'
23°41'
24°16'
24°00'
24°02'
24°26'
24°20'
24°22'
24°18'
24°04'
24°13r
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
46
46
47
46
46
46
°15'
°17'
°47'
°28'
°27'
°25'
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
124
124
124
124
124
124
°1 1
°21
°53
°26
°12
°33
'W
'W
'W
'W
'W
'W
(2684)
45
46
45
45
44
45
45
42
°47'
°04'
°48'
°33'
°36'
°13'
°43'
°58'
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
124
124
124
124
124
124
124
124
°11
°18
°19
°02
°08
°16
°25
°37
'W
'W
'W
'W
'W
'W
'W
'W (2548)
455
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Copepoda
Metridia curticauda Giesbrecht - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Metridia lucens Boeck - (2341 )
Coll: Wash: 46"47'N, 124°18'W
46°17'N, 124°21'W
48°23'N, 124°52'W
46°28'N, 124°26'W
46°25'N, 124°33'W
Ore: 45°52'N, 124°00'W
45°34'N, 124°02'W
45°48'N, 124°19'W
45°33'N, 124°02'W
45°13'N, 124°16'W
45°43'N, 124°25'W
42°58'N, 124°37'W
Metridia pacifica Brqdsky - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Microcalanus pusillus G. O. Sars - (2341)
Coll: Wash: 48°23'N, 124°52'W
46°25'N, 124°33'W
Ore: 44°07'N, 124°22'W
44°24'N, 124°18'W
Microsetella sp. - (2548,p7)
Coll: Oregon (2548, p7)
46°15'N,
47°47'N,
48°16'N,
47°11'N,
(2684)
45°57'N,
46°04'N,
44°20'N,
44°07'N,
46°08'N,
43°51'N,
(2684)
124°11'W
124°53'W
123°41'W
124°19'W
124°11'W
124°18'W
124°20'W
124°22'W
124°04'W
124°13'W
48°16'N, 123°41'W
(2684)
44°36'N, 124°08'N
(2684)
Microsetella norvegica (Boeck, 1864) - (2553) (2684)
Dist: B.C. to Oregon (2553,p48)
Coll: Ore: 45°43'N, 124°25'W; 45°13'N, 124°16'W;
44°17'N, 124°22'W (2684)
Microsetella rosea (Dana 1852) - (2684) (2553,p48)
Dist: B. C. to Oregon
Coll: Wash: 46°17'N, 124°21'W 46°28'N, 124°26'W
Ore: 45°48'N, 124°19'W 44°24'N, 124°18'W
44°40'N, 124°26'W 46°04'N, 124°18'W
Remarks: Mid-depth, common (2553 ,p48)
456
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Copepoda
Oncaea sp. - (2684)
Coll: Wash: 46°15'N, 124°11'W
46°28'N, 124°26'W
Ore: 45°57'N, 124°11'W
46°04'N, 124°18'W 44"40'N,
45°48'N, 124°19'W
Oncaea borealis Sars 1918 (2684)(2553,p45)
Dist: B. C. to Oregon
Coll: Ore: 45°13'N, 124°l6'W
Remarks: Mid-depth, deep, common (2553 , p45)
46°17'N, 124°21'W
(2684)
45°34'N, 124°02'W
44"40'N 124°26'W
Oncaea conifera Giesbrecht - (2548,p7)
Coll: Wash: 56°04'N, 124°18'W
48°16'N, 123°41'W
Ore: 44°07'N, 124°22'W
Oncaea media (2684)
Coll: Wash: 47°11'N, 124°19'W
Ore: 44°24'N, 124°18'W
Oncaea tenella pacifica - (2684)
Coll: Wash: 48°27'N, 124°45'W
48°23'N, 124°52'W
46°25'N, 124°33'W
Ore: 44°20'N, 124°20'W
44°36'N, 124°08'W
45°13'N, 124°16'W
45°43'N, 124°25'W
Paracalanus aculeatus - (2684)
Coll: Wash: 47°11'N, 124°19'W
Oregon (2684)
Paracalanus parvus (Glaus) - (2341)
Coll: Wash: 46°08'N, 124°04'W
48°16'N, 123°41'W
47°11'N, 124°19'W
48°23'N, 124°52'W
46°17'N, 124°21'W
46°15'N, 124°11'W
45°48'N, 124°19'W
(2684)
48°16'N, 123°41'W (2684)
44°36'N, 124°08'W (2684)
47°47'N, 124°53'W
48°16'N, 123041'W
46°39'N, 124°16'W(2684)
44°07'N, 124°22'W
44°24'N, 124°18'W
46°08'N, 124°04'W
(2684)
46°28'N, 124°26'W
46°39'N, 124°16'W
46°27'N, 124°12'W
46°28'N, 124°26'W
47°23'N, 124°30'W
48°27'N, 124°45'W
46°57'N, 124°18'W
457
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Copepoda
Paracalanus parvus (Glaus) - continued
Ore: 42°58'N, 124°37'W 43°51'N, 124°13'W
45°43'N, 124°25'W 45°13'N, 124°l6'W
44°24'N, 124°18'W 45°48'N, 124°19'W
44°40'N, 124°26'W 45°34'N, 124°02'W
45°57'N, 124°11'W 45°52'N, 124°00'W
Paraeucheata sp. - (2684)
Coll: Wash: 46°25'N, 124°33'W 46°25'N, 1 24°33'W (2684)
Oregon (2684)
Paraeuchaeta elongata (2684)
Coll: Washington; Ore: 44°20'N, 124°20'W; 46°04'N, 124°18'W;
45°13'N, 124°16'W (2684)
Paranthessius columbiae (Thompson, 1897) - (2033,p!27)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , pi 27)
Hab: On gills of clams Schizothaerus and Protothaca (2033, pi 27)
Paranthessius perplexus Illg, 1949 -(2033,pl27)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , pi 27)
Hab: From Washington clam, Saxidomus (2033, pi 27)
Paranthessius saxidomi Illg, 1949 -(2033,pl27)
Coll: Central Calif. (2 03 3, pi 27)
Hab: From Washington clam, Saxidomus (2033, pi 27)
Paranthessius tivelae Illg, 1949 -(2033,pl27)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , pi 27)
Hab: From Pismo clam, Tivela (2033, pi 27)
Paranthessius panopeae Illg, 1949 -(2033,pl27)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , pi 27)
Hab: From geoduck, Panope (2033,p!27)
Pareuchaeta birostrata Brodsky - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Pareuchaeta japonica (Marukawa) - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
458
-------
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA - Copepoda
Phaenna spinifera Glaus - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Pleuromamma sp. - (2684)
Coll: Ore: 44°20'N, 124°20'W
Pleuromamma abdominalis (Lubbock) - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Pleuromamma borealis (Dahl) - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Pleuromamma quadrungulata (Dahl) - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Pleuromamma scutullata B rod sky (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Pleuromamma xiphias (Giesbrecht) - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Pseudocalanus minutus (Kr^yer) - (2341)
Coll: Wash: Grays Harbor (3635) 46°57'N, 1 24°18'W
46°15'N, 124°11'W 48°27'N, 124"45'W
46°17'N, 124°21'W 47°23'N, 124°30'W
47°47'N, 124°53'W 48°23'N, 124°52'W
46°28'N, 124°26'W 470ll'N, 124°19'W
46°27'N, 124°12'W 48°16'N, 123°41'W
46°25'N, 124°33'W 46°39'N, 124°l6'W
Ore: 45°52'N, 124°00'W 45°57'N, 124°11'W
45°34'N, 124°02'W 46°04'N, 124°18'W
44°40'N, 124°26'W 45°48'N, 124°19'W
44°20'NJ 124°20'W 45°33'N, 124°02'W
44°07'N, 124°22'W 44°36'N, 124°08'W
44°24'N, 124°18'W 45°13'N, 124°16'W
46°08'N, 124°04'W 45°43'N, 124°25'W
43°51'N, 124°13'W 42°58'N, 1 24°37'W(2684)
Temp: Size development and fecundity are function of temp.
but do vary geographically (2699)
Hab: Inshore coastal area (3635)
459
-------
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA - Copepoda
Pseudochirella polyspina Brodsky (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Pseudodiaptomus euryhalinus Johnson, 1939 -(2033,pl26)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033,p!26), San Francisco Bay
Hab: Intertidal, especially in hypersaline water (2033, pi 26)
Racovitzanus antarcticus Giesbrecht (2341)
Coll: Ore: 45°13'N, 1 24°16'W (2684)
Racovitzanus pacificug (Esterly) - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Racovitzanus porrecta (Giesbrecht) (2341) (2548)
Racovitzanus Porrectus (Giesbrecht)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Rhincalanus nasutus Giesbrecht -(2548,p6)
Coll: Oregon (2548, p6)
Scaphocalanus sp. - (2684)
Coll: Washington and Oregon, 45°13'N, 124°16'W
Scaphocalanus brevicornis G. O. Sars -(2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341 )
Scaphocalanus magnus (T. Scott) - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Scaphocalanus medius (G. O. Sars) -(2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Scaphocalanus minutus Tanaka - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Scaphocalanus subelongatus Brodsky (2341)
Coll: Oregon (234T)
Scolecithricella minor (Brady) - (2341)
Scolecithricella minor var. oriental^ Brodsky - (2548,p6)
Coll: Wash: 46°2S'N, 124°26'W 46°25'N, 124°33'W
Ore: 45°57'N, 124°11'W 46°04'N, 124°18'W
45°48'N, 124°19'W 44°07'N, 124°22'W
44°36'N, 124°08'W 44°24'N, 124°18'W
45°13'N, 124°16'W (2684) (2341)
460
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Copepoda
Scolecithricella ovata (Farran) - (2341)
Coll: Ore: 45 ° 1 3 'N, 1 24 ° 1 6' W ( 2684) ( 2341 )
Scottocalanus persecans (Giesbrecht) (Z341)
Coll: Oregon (2341 )
Scottocalanus sedatus Ferran - (2341 )
Coll: Oregon (2341 )
Tigriopus californicus (Baker, 1912) -(2033,pl26)
Tigriopus triangulus Campbell
Dist: Alaska to lower Calif. (3650)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , pi 26), Trinidad Head (3650)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pi 26), high rocky splash pools (3650)
Feeding: Blue green algae Phormidium (3650)
Temp: Tolerates temps, up to 39 °C (3650)
Salinity: Tolerates 2-90%o, salt shock induced 90-175%o but recovers
if returned to normal sea water
Misc: For information on population, reproduction, morphology
and environmental relationships see (3650)
Tortanus discaudatus (Thompson and Scott) (2341)
Coll: Wash: 47°11'N, 124°19'W
Ore: 45°57'N, 124°11'W
45^48'N, 124"19'W
44°36'N, 124°08'W
Undeuchaeta intermedia A. Scott - (2341
Coll: Oregon (2341 )
46°27'N, 124°12'W
44°40'N, 124°26'W
45°33'NS 124°02'W
45°13'N, 124°16'W (2684)
Undeuchaeta major Giesbrecht
Coll: Oregon (2341)
'2341
Undeuchaeta plumosa (Lubbock) - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
461
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Cirripedia
Class: BRANCfflURA
Argulus pugettensis Daiia
Hab: Ectoparasites of marine perch (2033,pi 28)
Subclass: Cirripedia (Barnacles)
Alepas pacifica Pilsbry, 1907 - (2033, p!33)
Coll: Calif. (2033, pi 33)
Hab: Found attached to large medusae, usually Phacellophora
(2033,p!33)
Balanus aquila Pilsbry, 1907 (2033,p!33)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, pi 33)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , pi 33)
Balanus balanus (Linnaeus) 1758 - (2560,p25)
Dist: Cosmopolitan, northern Atlantic, Pacific and Arctic
Oceans; on Pacific coast, south to Puget Sound; recorded
by Henry from Langara Island and Seymour Inlet, B. C.
(type balanus); and from Queen Charlotte Sound, Seymour
Inlet and Wentworth Island, B. C. (pugetensis) (2560,p25)
Balanu.s cariosus (Pallas. 1788) - (2033, p!33) (3804, pl!5)
Dist: B. C. , Puget Sound to central Calif. (2033, p!33) (3804, pi 55)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p!33) (3804,pl!5)
Remarks: Food source for many marine animals; swimming
larval stage eaten by plankton feeders; adults by whelks,
starfishes, crabs (3804, pi 1 5)
Balanus crenatus Bruguiere, 1789 -(2033,pl33)
Dist: Puget Sound (2031 ,p325) to central Calif. (2033, p!33)
Coll: Ore: Newport, 40-42m(2233)
Hab: Intertidal
Balanus engbergi Pilsbry 1921 -(2560,p31)
Dist: Alaska to Oregon, rare; only known B. C. specimens
dredged off Victoria (2560, p31)
462
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Cirripedia
Balanus flos Pilsbry, 1907 - (2033,p!33)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, pi 33)
Hab: Usually overgrown by sponges (2033, pi 33)
Balanus glandulus - (2560,p33)
Balanus glandula Darwin 1854 - (2033,p!33)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2560,p33)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pi 33), abundant on rocks of intertidal
zone in B. C. (2560,p33), cannot survive beneath
mussels (2233, p250), in biotic succession of Mytilus
californianus community ( 2233 , p246)
Balanus hesperius Pilsbry 1916 - (2560,p35)
Dist: Northeastern Pacific Ocean, from Bering Sea to
Monterey, Calif.
Balanus nubilis Darwin, 1854 -(2033,pl33) (Giant Barnacle)
Dist: Puget Sound (2031 ,p329) to central Calif. (2033,p!33]
Hab: Low intertidal (2033 , pi 33)
Balanus tintinnabulum (Linnaeus . 1758) (2033,p!33)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, pi33)
Hab: Low intertidal, below mussel beds and on floats
(2033,p!33)
Chthamalus da 111 Pilsbry, 1916 - (2033, p!33)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, pi33)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , pi 33)
Chthamalus fissus Darwin, 1854 - (2033,p!33)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, p!33)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , pi 33)
Chthamalus microtretus Cornwall, 1927 -(2033,pl33)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, pi 33)
Hab: Apparently rare ( 2033 , pi 33)
Conchoderma auritum (Linnaeus) 1767 - (2560,p!4)
Dist: World-wide (2560, p!4)
Hab: Found abundantly on Coronula on whales (2560, pi4)
463
-------
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA - Cirripedia
Conchoderma virgatum (Spengler) 1790 - (2560,pl6)
Dist: World-wide (2560, p!7)
Hab: Authenticated specimen from B. C. waters found 1953
fastened to tip of a Penella (parasitic copepod)
attached to a fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus)
(2560,p!7)
Coronula diadema (Linnaeus) 1767 - (2560,p40)
Dist: Cool to subtropical seas of both hemispheres, wherever
humpback whale (Megaptera nodosa) occurs. It
occurs mainly on lips, throat and fins of whale;
abundant on all humpbacks inspected in 1926 at
Kyuquot Sound and Quatsino Sound; this species has
not been seen on any other kind of whale in B. C.
(2560,p40)
Coll: B. C.
Coronula reginae Darwin 1854 - (2560,p43)
Dist: North and south Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
Coll: B. C.
Hab: Mainly found on humpback whale (Megaptera nodosa);
occurs on lips and flippers of this species throughout
its range; single specimens also taken from tail of
sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) and from lower
jaw of blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) (G. C. Pile)
(2560, p43); common at Kyuquot Sound in 1926, found on
humpbacks in Quatsino Sound in recent years
Cryptolepas rachianecti Pall 1872 (2560,p45)
Dist: Bering Sea to lower Calif, and Korea, Hawaiian Islands
(2560,p44)
Hab: Occurs only on gray whale, Eschrichtius glaucus. It
was present in large numbers on all of 1 0 gray whales
at Coal Harbour, Quatsino Sound, in April, 1953 (G. C.
Pike)(2560,p44)
Lepas anatifera (Linnaeus. 1758) - (2033, p!33) (3804,pll6) (2728,p226)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to central Calif. (2728,p227) (2033,p!33)
Hab: Common on floating timbers (2033, pi 33) (3804, pi 16)
Econ: Edible
464
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Mysidacea
Lepas fascicularis Ellis and Solander, 1786 -(2033,pl33)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, pi 33)
Hab: Inter tidal (2033 , p!33)
Lepas hilli (Leach, 1 81 8) - ( 2033 , pi 33)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, pi 33)
Hab: Rare, probably many reports of this species refer
to young ahatifera (2033, pi 33)
Lepas pectinata Spengler 1793, var. pacifica Henry - (2560,p!3)
Dist: Biorka Island, Alaska to Short Sands Beach, Oregon
(2728,p230)
Mitella polymerus (Sowerby, 1833) (2033,p!33)
Dist: Washington to lower Calif. (2728,p234)
Coll: Puget Sound splash zone (2031,p323)
Hab: Occurs in dense masses associated with Mytilus
calif ornianus (2 03 3, pi 33), common in rock crevices
•where some surf action (3804,pll6), in biotic succession
of Mytilus californianus community ( 2233 , p246-9)
Tetraclita squamosa elegans Darwin, 1854 (2033,p!33)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, pi 33)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p!33)
Tetraclita squamosa rebescens Darwin, 1854 - (2033,pl33)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, pi 33)
Hab: In summer commonly found with masses of larvae in
mantle cavity (2033,p!33), abundant beneath mussels,
Fucus , Pelvetia, in biotic succession of Mytilus
californianus community (2233 , p246-50)
Subclass: Malacostraca
Order; Mysidacea
This order is poorly known from the area of study. Studies to the
north (2553) and south (2033,2686) bracket the area however, and
species from these adjacent areas are included herein.
465
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Mysidacea
Acanthomysis macropsis ( Tattersall, 1932) -(2553,p97)
Coll: B. C. : Strait of Georgia (2553, p97)
Acanthomysis nephrophthalma Banner, 1948 - (2553, p97)
Coll: B. C. : Johnson Strait and Hecate Strait (2553, p97)
Acanthomysiis pseudomacropsis (Tattersall, 1933) - (2553, p96)
Coll: B. C. : Strait of Georgia (2553,p96)
Amblyops abbreviata M. Sars, 1868 -(2553,p94)
Coll: B. C. (2553 ,p94)
Hab: Oceanic (2553,p94)
Archaeomysis maculata
Coll: Calif: Central coast (2033 , pi 35), Table Bluff to Clam
Beach (2686,p32)
Hab: Intertidal (2686, p32), sand of open beach (2033 , p!35)
Habits: "Highly mobile, redistributing the'mselves by
swimming with the tide. " (2686, p32)
Boreomysis californica Ortmann. 1894 - (2553,p95)
Coll: B. C. (2553,p95)
Hab: Oceanic only (2553 , p95)
Boreomysis kinkaidi Banner. 1948 - (2553,p93)
Coll: B. C. (2553, p93)
Hab: Oceanic records only ( 2553 , p93)
Boreomysis microps G. O. Sars, 1883 -(2553,p94)
Coll: B. C. (2553, p94)
Hab: Oceanic records only (2553,p94)
Boreomysis rostrata Illig - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Boreomysis sp. - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Caesaromysis vanclevi Banner. 1948 - (2553 p94)
Coll: B.C. (2553,P94)
Hab: Oceanic records only (2553,p94)
Euchaetomera tenuis G. O. Sars1, 1883 - (2553,p95)
Coll: B. C. : Queen Charlotte Island (2s'53,p95)
466
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Mysidacea
jjhichaetomeropsis jpacifica Banner. 1948 - (2553, p95)
Coll: B.C.: reported as an oceanic species off Queen Charlotte
Islands (2553, p95)
Eucopia unguiculata Willemoes-Suhm. 1875 - (Z553,p93)
Coll: B.C. (2553,p93)
Hab: Oceanic records only (2553,p93)
Eucopia sp. - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Gnathophausia gigas Willemoes-Suhm - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2 341)
Gnathophausia ingens (Dohrn) - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Heteromysis odontops Walker. 1898 - (2553,p97)
Coll: B.C.; Wash: Puget Sound (2553, p97 )
Holmsiella anomala Ortmann, 1908 - (2553,p96)
Coll: B.C. (2553,,p96)
Hab: Deep, rare (2553, p96 )
Inusitatomysis serrata Tattersall, 1951 -(2553,p95)
Coll: B.C.: Queen Charlotte Strait (2553, p9 5)
Meterythrops robusta S. I. Smith, 1879 - (2553,p96)
Coll: B.C. (2553,p96)
Hab: Oceanic records only (2553, p96)
Mysidella americana Banner, 1948 - (2553,p97)
Coll: B.C.: Queen Charlotte Sound (2553, p9 7)
Neomysis costata - (2033,p!36)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, p!36)
Hab: Found in tide pools and kelp beds of Mpnterey area
(2033, p!36)
Neomysis kadiakensis Ortmann, 1908 (2553, p9&)
Coll: B.C.: Indian Arm (2553,p96)
Neomysis mercedis Holmes - (2033,p!36)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033,p!36)
Hab: Often occurring in swarms in brackish-water bays and
estuaries as well as in fresh water (2033,p!36)
467
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Cumacea
Neomysis rayii (Murdoch, 1884) - (2553, p96)
Coll: B.C. (2553,p96)
Hab: Deep, rare (2553, p96 )
Proneomysis wailesi Tatter sail, 1933 - (2553,p97)
Coll: B.C.: Indian Arm (255 3, p97 )
Pseudomma berkeleyi Tattersall, 1933 - (2553,p94)
Coll: B.C.: Indian Arm, Burrard Inlet (2553, p94)
Pseudomma truncatum S. I. Smith, 1879 - (2553,p94)
Coll: Wash: recorded from Puget Sound, north of Pender
Island, Haro Strait (2553, p94)
Hab: Deep, rare (2553, p94)
Stilomysis grandis (Goes, 1863) (2553,p95)
Coll: B.C.: Howe Sound (2553, p95 )
Order: Cumacea
This group is poorly known from the study area, but species reported
from adjacent areas are included.
Campylaspis rubi cunda (Lillj eborg)
Dist: Amphiboreal, Alaska, Washington (3624)
Coll: Wash: coastal, 117m (3624)
Campylaspis rufa Hart. 1930 - (2553,plOl)
Coll: B.C.: Mitlenatch Island, 200m (2553, plO 1)
Colurostylis occidentalis Caiman
Dist: Washington to Calif. (3624)
Coll: Wash: coastal, 15-18m; Ore: coastal (3624)
Cumella vulgaris Hart. 1930 - (2553, plOl)
Coll: B.C.: Male, Parry Bay; Female, Brockton Point
(2553,plOl)
Hab: Surface, rare, spring (2553, plOl)
Diastylis alaskensis Caiman - (3624)
Dist: Alaska to Puget Sound
Coll: Wash: coastal, 38 - 155m ( 3624)
Remarks: Abundant in Puget Sound
468
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA Cumacea
Diastylis bidentata Caiman. 1912 - (2553,plOO)
Dist: Alaska to Washington (3624)
Coll: B.C.: coast (255 3, plOO); Wash: coast, 15-317m ( 3624, p20)
Diastylis koreana Caiman. 1912 - (2553, plOO)
Coll: B.C. (2553, plOO)
Diastylis paraspinulosa Zimmer, 1926 - (2553, plOO)
Dist: Western Bering Sea to southern Calif. (3624)
Coll: B.C.: coast (255 3, plOO); Wash: Puget Sound ( 3624)
Diastylis pellucida Hart, 1930 (2553, plOO)
Dist: B.C. to Washington (3624)
Coll: B.C.: coast, Deep Cove, Burrard Inlet, 120m (2553,
plOO); Wash: coastal, 15 - 155m ( 3624, p20)
Hab: Surface, rare, spring (2553,plOO)
Diastylopsis dawsoni Smith
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (3415)
Coll: Wash: coastal, 13- 155m (3624, p20); Ore: Albatross
Station 2884, 29 fms (3416)
Remarks: Replaced to south by D_. tenuis Zimmer (3415);
E). tenuis occurs off southern Calif, on coarse sand
4-37m deep (3415); T 50.2°F (3416)
Eudorella emarginata (KrgSyer , 1846) -(2553, p99)
Coll: B.C. (2553,P99)
Eudorella pacifica Hart, 1930 (2553, p99)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (3624)
Coll: B.C.: coast, Deep Cove, Burrard Inlet, 120m (2553, p99);
Wash: coastal, 8 1-140m ( 3624)
Hab: Abundant in muddy sediments esp. in Puget Sound (3624)
Eudorella tridentata Hart, 1930 (2553,p99)
See Ulf Lie (3624,p25)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay (2553, p99 )
Eudorellopsis biplicata Caiman, 1912 (2553,plOO)
Dist: B.C. to Washington (3624)
Coll: B.C.: coast (255 3, plOO); Wash: Puget Sound
Hemilaprops californiensis Zimmer
Dist: Washington to southern Calif. (3624)
Coll: Wash: coast, 15-50m ( 3624, p20)
Remarks: Common off southern Calif.
469
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Tanaidacea
Hemilaprops gracilis Hart, 1930 - (2553,p99)
Coll: B.C.: Male, Rocky Bay, l60m; Female, Mitlenatch
Island, 200m (2553,p99)
Lamprops carinata Hart, 19 30 - (2553, plOO)
Dist: Alaska to Washington (3624, plOO)
Coll: B.C.: coast, Berry Point, Burrard Inlet, 25-50m
(2553,plOO); Wash: coastal, 18-60m(3624)
Hab: Surface, rare, spring (2553,plOO)
Lamprops fuscata G. O. Sars, 1865 - (2553,plOl)
Coll: B.C. (2553,plOl)
Lamprops quadruplicata 5. I. Smith, 1879 (2553, plOl)
Coll: B.C. (2553,plOl)
Lamprops serrata Hart, 1930 - (2553,plOl)
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay, 20-30m (2553, plOl)
Leptostylis villosa G. O. Sars, 1869 -(2553,plOO)
Dist: B.C. to Washington, amphiboreal (3624)
Coll: B.C.: coast (255 3, plOO); Wash: Puget Sound ( 3624)
Leucon fulvus G. O. Sars, 1865 - (2553,p99)
Coll: B.C. (2553,p99)
Order: Tanaidacea
Anatanais normani (Richardson, 19 05) - (2033, p!53)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033, p!53)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p!53)
Leptochelia dubia (Kr^yer) (2750,pl6)
Coll: Ore: in trash on light-house beach, Coos Bay region
(2750,p!6)
Leptochelia sp. -(2033,pl53)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033, p!53)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,pi53)
Pagurapseudes laevis Menzies. 1953 - (2033, p!53)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033, p!53)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p!53)
470
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Tanaidacea
Pancolus californiensis Richardson. 1905 (2033,p!53)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033, p!5 3)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,pi53)
Synapseudes intumescens Menzies, 1949 (2033, p!53)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033, p!5 3)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!5 3)
Tanais sp. -(2033,pl53)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033, p!53)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!53)
Order: Isopoda
Suborder: Valvifera
Colidotea rostrata (Benedict) - (2750, p32)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay (2750 , p32)
Hab: On spines of sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
on rocky shores (2750,p32)
Ida.rcturus hedgpethi Menzies, 1951 (2033, p!54)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033, p!54)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!54)
Idothea (Pentidotea) aculeata (Stafford, 1913) - (2033, p!54)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!54)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!54)
Idothea (Idothea) fewkesi Richardson, 1905 -(2033,pl54)
Dist: Oregon to Calif. (2033, p!54) (2750, p26 )
Coll: Ore: Coos Head (2750, p26); Calif: central coast
(2033,p!54)
Hab: Intertidal, on floating algae in surf along beach (2033, p!54)
(2750,P26)
Idothea ochentensis Brandt - (2750,p27)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2750, p27 )
Idothea (Pentidotea) montereyensis Maloney, 1933 (2033, p!54)
Idothea gracillima, of Richardson, 1905
Dist: Oregon to Calif. (2033, p!54) ( 3505 , p7 )
Coll: Ore: Newport (3505 , p7); Calif: central coast (2033, p!54)
Hab: Intertidal, abundant in all Phyllospadix beds examined,
not found elsewhere;\at low tide -when collected they are
usually at base of blades, hanging upside down (2033,
P154)(3505,P7)
471
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Isopoda
Idothea (Pentidotea) montereyensis Maloney, 1933 - continued
Stomach analysis: Wood, Phyllospadix, Ulva, sheetlike algae,
a Copepod, Polysiphona, large square diatoms growing
on animals (3505,plO)
Idothea (Pentidotea) resecata (Stimpson, 1857) (2033, p!54)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2031, p339 ); Calif: central coast
(2033,p!54)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!54)
Idothea (Idothea) rufescens Fee, 1926 - (2033, p!54)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!54)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,pi54)
Idothea (Pentidotea) schmitti Menzies, 1951 - (2033, p!54)
Pentidotea whitei of Richardson, not Stimpson
Dist: Oregon to Calif. (2033, p!43) ( 3505, p7 )
Coll: Ore: Newport ( 3505 , p7 ); Calif: central coast (2033, p!54)
Hab: Intertidal, on several species of red algae, Prionitis
lanceolate, and calcareous red algae in heavy surf areas
below gooseneck barnacle zone (2033, p!54) (3505,p7)
Food: Same as L wosnesenskii (3505,plO)
Idothea (Pentidotea) stenops (Benedict, 1898) - (2033,p!54)
Dist: Oregon to Calif. (2033, p!54) ( 3505, p7 )
Coll: Ore: Newport, Boiler Bay, Coos Head to Cape Arago
(3505,p7,30); Calif: central coast (2033, p!54)
Hab: Intertidal, one speciman found at Boiler Bay clinging
to Rhododermella (2033, p!54) (3505,p7)
Idothea (Idothea) urotoma Stimpson, 1864 (2033, p!54)
(Female formerly called_I. rectilinea, also_I. rectilineata)
Dist: Washington to Calif. (2033, pi 54)12050, pi 55) (2750,p25)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2050, pl55); Ore: south of Coos Head
(2750,p25); Calif: central coast (2033,p!54)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!54)
Idothea (Pentidotea) whitei Stimpson
Dist: Washington to Oregon (2050) (2750)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound, dredged (2050, p!55); Ore: Haystack
Rock in Tillamook County (2750,p29)
Idothea (Pentidotea) wosnesenskii (Brandt. 185 1) - (2033, p!54)
Pentidotea wosnesenskii (2031); common name "olive green isopod"
Dist: Oregon to Calif. (2033, p!54) (2750, p28)
Coll: Ore: Sally's Slough, Boiler Bay, Yaquina Head, Straw-
berry Hill, Yaquina Bay ( 3505 , p5-6); Calif: central coast
(2033,p!54)
472
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA Isopoda
Idothea (Pentidotea) wosnesenskii (Brandt, 1851) - continued
Hab: Among algae attached to rocks and piling; abundant in:
under rocks, wood, algal masses; rocky coast, back-
shore under loose boulders, wood (farthest limits of
tide); in Phyllospadix torreyi; on holdfasts of Hedophyllum
sp.; other algae. Present but not abundant on holdfasts
of Laminaria in heavy surf areas; on several species of
red algae, Prionitis lanceolata and calcareous red
algae in heavy surf areas below gooseneck barnacle zone
(3505,p8) see also (3505, p5-6), intertidal (2033, p!54)
Food: Prefers Ulva and other epiphytic algae; eats whatever is
available, Crustacea and wood for fungi or bacteria
as sociated with it ( 3505 , plO), in Phyllospadix, eats same
as_I. montereyensij^ (3505,plO)
Pentidotea - synonym of Idothea
Syndiothea sp. - (3505,p7)
Coll: Ore: Newport ( 3505 , p7 )
Hab: Occurs in red algal zone with I. schmitti (3505,p7)
Stomach Analysis: Red algal zone: 7 stomachs examined; one
whole copepod, other crustaceans and parts, algal
debris, a cellular debris, sponge spicules, and sand
grains, foraminiferans, possibly some animal cell
masses; not much here seems to be shared with other
Idotheids (3505, plO)
Synidotea consolidata (Stimpson, 1856) (2033, p!54)
S. pettibonae Hatch, 1947)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!54)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!54)
Synidotea macginitiei Maloney, 1933 (2033,p!54)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!54)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!54)
Synidotea ritteri Richardson, 1904 - (2033,p!54)
Coll: Ore: Coos Head (2750, p31); Calif: central coast (2033, p!54)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!54), among rocks near U. S. Coast
Guard station at Coos Head (2750, p31)
Suborder: Bopyroidea
Argeia pugettensis Dana, 185 3 - (2033, p!5 3)
Coll: Ore: south of Coos Bay (2750,p35); Calif: central coast
(2033,p!53)
Hab: In branchial cavity of shrimp Crago (2033, p!53) (2750,p35)
473
-------
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA - Isopoda
Cryptothir sp. - (2033, p!53)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!53)
Hab: Internal parasite of barnacles (2033, p!53)
lone sp. - (2033,p!53)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!5 3)
Hab: Branchial chamber of Callianassa (2033,p!53)
Phryxus sp. (2033,p!53)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!5 3)
Hab: Abdomen of Spirontocaris (2033, p!5 3)
Phyllodurus abdominalis Stimpson, 1857 (2033, p!53)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!5 3)
Hab: Abdomen of Upogebia (2 033, p 15 3)
Portunion (?) sp. (2033,p!53)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!53)
Hab: Hepatic tissue of Hemigrapsus oregonensis (2033, p!5 3)
Pseudione sp. - (2033,p!53)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!5 3)
Hab: Branchial chamber of Pagurus (2033, p!53)
Stegophryxus sp. (2033,p!53)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!5 3)
Hab: Abdomen of Pagurus (2033. pl53)
Leptochelia dubia (Krifyer) (2750,pl6)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2750, pl6 )
Hab: Found in trash (2750, pl6)
Suborder: Oniscoidea
Alloniscus cornutus Budde-Lund. 1885 (2033,p!54)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!54)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!54)
Alloniscus mirabilis (Stuxberg. 1875) - (2033, p!55 )
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!55)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p!55)
Alloniscus perconvexus Dana. 1854 - (2033,p!55)
Coll: Ore: south of Coos Head (2750, p36); Calif: Table Bluff
to Clam Beach (2686, p32)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!55) (2686,p32)
474
-------
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA Isopoda
Armadillidium vulgare (Latreille, 1804) - (2033,pl55)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!55 )
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p 155 )
Armadilloniscus car onacapi tali s Menzies , 1950 - (2033, p!55)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!55)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p 155 )
Armadilloniscus holmesi Arcangeli, 1933 - (2033, p!55)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!55)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!55)
Armadilloniscus lindahli (Richardson, 19 05 )- (2033, p!55)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!55 )
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!55)
Cubaris affinis (Dana, 1854-1855) (2033, p!55)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033 , p!55)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!55)
Cubaris calif ornica (Budde-Lund, 1885) (2033, p!55)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!55)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pi55 )
Cubaris microphthalma Arcangeli, 1932 - (2033, p!55)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!55)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!55)
Ligia exotica Roux, 1828 - (2033, p!55)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!55)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!55 )
Ligia occidentalis Dana, 1853 (2033, p!55)
Coll: Ore: Coos Head (2750, p38); Calif: central coast
(2033,p!55)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p!55)
Ligia pallasii Brandt, 1833 - (2033, p!55)
Coll: Ore: south of Coos Head (2750, p39 ); Calif: central coast
(2033,p!55)
Hab: Intertidal, on rocky cliffs along coast, in cracks of
piling (2033, p!55) (2750, p39)
Ligidium gracilis (Dana, 1854- 1855) - (2033, p!55 )
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!55 )
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!55 )
475
-------
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA - Isopoda
Ligidium hypnorum (Cuvier, 1792) - (2033, p!55)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!55)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!55)
Ligidium la turn Jackson, 1932 (2033, p!55)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!55)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!55)
Philoscia richardsonae Holmes and Gay, 1909 (2033, p!55)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!55)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!55 )
Porcellio formosus Stuxberg, 1875 - (2033, p!55)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!55)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p!55)
Porcellio (Mesoporcellio) laevis Latreille, 1804 (2033, p!55)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!55)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!55)
Porcellio scaber Latreille - (2750, p37)
Dist: Probably most cosmopolitan of all isopods (2750, p37)
Coll: Ore: Coos Head (2750, p37 )
Hab: ^ound under wood and boards (2750, p37)
Porcellio (Porcellio) scaber americanus Arcangeli, 1932 - (2033, p!55)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033 , p!55)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!55)
Porcellio (Porcellio) scaber occidentalis Miller, 1936 -(2033,pl55)
P_. (P_. ) dilatatus Brandt and Ratzeburg, 1833
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!55)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pl55)
Porcellio (Porcellio) scaber scaber Latreille, 1804 - (2033, p!55)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!55)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!55)
Porcellionides pruinosus (Brandt. 1833) - (2033, p!55)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!55)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!55 )
Protrichoniscus heroldi Arcangeli. 1932 (2033,p!55)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!55)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pl55)
476
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Isopoda
Tylos punctatus Holmes and Gay. 1909 (2033, p!55)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!5 5)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p!55)
Tylos sp. (2033,p!55)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!55)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p!55)
Suborder: Asellota
Antias hirsutus Menzies. 1951 - (2033,p!54)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!54)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!54)
Asellus tomalensis Harford, 1877 (2033, p!54)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!54)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!54)
lais californica (Richardson, 1904) (2033,p!54)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!54)
Hab:' Intertidal (2033, p!54)
laniropsis analoga Menzies, 1952 - (2033, p!54)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!54)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!54)
laniropsis epilittoralis Menzies, 1952 - (2033,p!54)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!54)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!54)
laniropsis kincaidi derjugini Gurjanova, 1933 (2033,p!54)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!54)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!54)
laniropsis kincaidi kincaidi Richardson, 1904 (2033,p!54)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!54)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!54)
laniropsis minuta Menzies. 1952 (2033, p!54)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!54)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!54)
laniropsis montereyensis Menzies, 1952 - (2033,p!54)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!54)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!54)
477
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Isopoda
laniropsis tridens Menzies, 1952 - (2033, p!54)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!54)
Hab: Inter tidal (2033, p!54)
Jaeropsis dubia Menzies, 1951 (2033, p!54)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!54)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!54)
Jaeropsis dubia var. paucispinis Menzies, 1951 - (2033,p!54)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!54)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!54)
Jaeropsis lobata Richardson, 1899 (2033, p!54)
Coll: Ore: Squaw Island south of Coos Bay (2750, p34); Calif:
central coast (2033, p!54)
Hab: Intertidal, found in algae on rocky shore (2033, p!54)
(2750,P34)
Janiralata davisi Menzies, 1951 (2033,p!54)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!54)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!54)
Janiralata occidentalis (Walker, 1898) - (2033, p!54)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!54)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,pi54)
Janiralata solasteri (Hatch) - (2146,pl32)
Dist: Alaska to Washington (2 146, pi 35)
Coll: Wash: Hood Canal (2 146 , p!35 )
Munna chromatocephala Menzies, 1952 (2033,p!54)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!54)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p 154)
Munna halei Menzies, 1952 - (2033, p!54)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!54)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p!54)
Munna Stephenseni Gurjanova. 1933 (2033,p!54)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!54)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!54)
Munna ubiquita Menzies. '1952 - (2033, p!54)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!54)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p!54)
478
-------
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA Isopoda
Suborder: Flabellifera
Cirolana harfordi (Lockington. 1877) - (2033, p!53)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2750, p!8); Calif: central coast
(2033,p!53)
Hab: Intertidal, under rocks and mussel beds on rocky shores,
abundant(2033,p!53)(2750,p!8)
Habits: A climax species in the biotic succession of Mytilus
californianus community (2233, p246)
Cirolana linguifrons (Richardson) (2750, p!7)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay (2750,pl7)
Hab: Dug at mean tide mark from sandy shore, along open
ocean and along parts of Coos Bay (2750, p!7)
Colanthura squamosissima Menzies, 1951 (2033,p!53)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!53)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p!53)
Cyathura munda Menzies; 1951 (2033,p!53)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!5 3)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pi53)
Dynamenella benedicti (Richardson, 1899) (2033,p!53)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!5 3)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!53)
Dynameme angulata Richardson (2750,p23)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2750, p23)
Hab: Found on rocky shores of Coos Bay region among algae,
usually spongomorpha (2750, p23)
Dynamene dilatata Richardson, 1899 -(2033,pl53)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!53)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!53)
Dynamenella glabra (Richardson, 1899) - (2033,p!53)
Dynamene glabra Richardson (2750,p23)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay (2750,p23); Calif: central coast (2033, p!53)
Hab: Intertidal, among algae on rocky shores south of
entrance to Coos Bay (2750, p23)
Excirolana chiltoni (Richardson, 1905) - (2033,p!53)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!53)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,pi53)
479
-------
ARTHROPOD A - CRUSTACEA - Isopoda
Excirolana. linguifrons (Richardson, 1899) (2033, p!53) (Pill Bug)
Call: Calif: Table Bluff to Clam Beach (2686, p32)
Hab: Intertidal, just above low high-tide line (2033, p!53)
(2686, p32)
Exosjahaeroiria amplicauda (Stimpson, 1857) - (2033, p!53)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!5 3)
Hab: Intertidal (20 33, p 15 3)
Ejtosphaeroma. crenulatum Richardson - (2750, p22)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay (2750, p22)
Hab: Living on Pterisiphonia woodii on Light-house Beach
(2750, p22)
Exosphaeroma octoncum (Richardson, 1897) (2033, p!53)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!5 3)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!53)
Exosphaeroma oregonensis (Dana) (2750, p21)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2750, p21 )
Hab: Under rocks covered by tide (2750, p21)
EKO-8phaeroma,.rhomburum (Richardson, 1899) - (2033, p!53)
C&llt Ore: Coos Bay region (2750, p20); Calif: central coast
(2033, p!53)
Intertidal (2033, pl53)
Llmaoria sp. - (2033, p!53)
of general information for the three species of Limnoria
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!53)
Hab; Intertidal (2033, p 15 3)
Ternp: For review of changes in water temperature on Limnoria
and brief reviews of literature and the practical
effects of heated water discharges see (3636)
(1) A rise in temp, stimulates general boring activity;
causes to be active when normally quiescent during
winter. (2) Accelerates onset of breeding season in
spring; prolongs into autumn and winter. (3) Shorten
developmental period of young stages, and thus permit
production of a larger number of broods each breeding
season (2689, p521). Lower threshold 7 -8° C, upper
threshold 23°C. Decline in incubation period from 53 days
at 9° C to 20 days at 21 °C. However, egg viability
decreased with increasing temp . (2689 , p528). Survival
varies inversely with water temp, although mortality
•was low at cold temp. , animals did not bore. Reproduction
and migratory behavior can be modified by temp. (2710,
•pl49). 30 °C was lethal within short period of time;
480
-------
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA - Isopoda
Limnoria sp. - continued
15° C was optimum survival but little difference noted
between 10-25° C; 20°C optimum temp, for boring;
10° C dropped 1/3.
Limnoria lignorum (Rathke) - (2750, p20)
L,. gribble - (3804,p!33)
Dist: B.C. to Oregon (3804,p!32) (2750,p20); see also (3630)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay (2750 , p20)
Hab: Wood attacked any time, though most infestation takes
place in late winter and early spring (3804, pi 33)
Life History: (3630), eggs in female pouch; when hatched, begin
eating wood immediately (3804, p!33)
Temp: 28 °C median tolerance: 1. 0 mg/1 of D. O. at!5-l6°C
and 19-20°C (2710)
Limnoria quadripunctata Holthuis, 1949 (2033,p!53)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!53)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,pi53)
Habits: Boring activity in test panels in Monterey Harbor
(3808,p340-341)
Temp: See (3636) (2710) (2689 , p52 1-528) for temperature effect
on egg development and other; see (2689) (2710) for
summary; 28-day median tolerance 0.75 and 0.60 mg/1
at 15-16°C and 22-25°C respectively (2710)
Limnoria tripunctata Menzies, 1951 - (2033, p!53)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!5 3)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!53)
Temp: See ( 3628) (2689 , p521 -528) (27 10); 28-day median
tolerance limits 1. 0 and 1. 18 mg/1 at 15-16°C and
22-25°C respectively (2710)
Livoneca californica Schioedte and Meinert, 1883 1884 (2033, p!53)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!53)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!53)
Livoneca vulgaris Stimpson, 1857 (2033,p!53)
Coll: Ore: shores near mouth of Coos Bay (2750, p!9); Calif:
central coast (2033,p!53)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p!53), parasitic in gills of ling cod,
Ophiodon elongatus (2750, p 19 )
Neosphaeroma oregonensis (Dana, 1854-1855) (2033,p!53)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!53)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p!53)
481
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA Isopoda
Nerocila californica Schioedte and Meinert, 1881-1883 -(2033,pl53)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!53)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!53)
Paracerceis cordata (Richardson, 1899) - (2033,p!53)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!53)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p 153)
Paranthura elegans Menzies. 1951 -(2033,pl53)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!5 3)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p!53)
Rocinela belliceps (Stimpson, 1864) - (2033,p!53)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!53)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p!53)
Sphaeroma pentodon Richardson, 1904 - (2033, p!53)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!53)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p!53)
Tecticeps convexus Richardson, 1899 -(2033,pl53)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!5 3)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pi53)
Order: Amphipoda
Suborder: Gammaridea
Allorchestes angustus Dana, 1854 (2033,pl65)
Coll: Ore: Cape Arago, Coos Bay (2342, p23); Calif: central
coast(2033,pl65)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pl65)
Ampelisca amblyopsoides
Dist: Eastern North Pacific (2554, p!22)
Ampelisca brevisimulata
Dist: Eastern North Pacific (2554,p!22)
Ampelisca catalinensis
Dist: Eastern North Pacific (2554, p!22)
Ampelisca coeca
Dist: Ea~stern North Pacific (2554,p!22)
482
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Amphipoda
Ampelisca ^ristoides
Dist: Eastern North Pacific (2554, p!22)
Amp eli s ca cucullata
Dist: Eastern North Pacific (2554, p!22)
Ampelisca eoa
Dist: Eastern North Pacific (2554, p!22)
Ampelisca eschrichti
Dist: Eastern North Pacific (2554, p!22 )
Amp eli s ca fur cigera
Dist: Eastern North Pacific (2554 ,p!22)
Amp eli s ca hancocki
Dist: Eastern North Pacific (2554, p!22)
Amp eli s ca hermosa
Dist: Eastern North Pacific (2554, p!22)
Ampelisca indentata
Dist: Eastern North Pacific (2554, p!22)
Amp eli s ca lobata
Dist: Eastern North Pacific (2554, p!22)
Ampelisca macrocephala Lilljeborg, 1852 (2033, pl65 ) (2554, p!22 )
(2553)
Dist: B.C. to California
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, pl65)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!65)
Ampelisca mexicana
Dist: Eastern North Pacific (2554, p!22)
Ampelisca pacifica
Dist: Eastern North Pacific (2554, p!22)
Ampelisca panamensis
Dist: Eastern North Pacific (2554, p!22)
Ampelisca plumosa
Dist: Eastern North Pacific (2554, p!22)
Ampelisca pugetica
Dist: Eastern North Pacific (2554, p!22)
483
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Amphipoda
Ampelis ca romigi^
Dist: Eastern North Pacific (2554, p!22)
Ampelisca schellenbergi
Dist: Eastern North Pacific (2554, p!22)
Ampelisca shoemakeri
Dist: Eastern North Pacific (2554, p!22)
Ampelisca typica (Bate, 1856) (2033, pl65 ) (2554, p!22)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, pl65)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pl65)
Ampelisca venetiensis
Dist: Eastern North Pacific (2554, p!22)
Amphilochus neopolitanus Delia Valle, 189 3 - (2033, p!65)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, pl65)
Hab: Intertidal (2 033, p 165)
Ampithoe eoa Bruggen (?) - (2342, p27 )
Coll: Ore: Cape Arago (2342 , p27)
Ampithoe humeralis Stimpson, 1864 (2033, pl65)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2050, p!36) (2031, p333) (2342 , p29 );
Ore: Cape Arago (2342,p29); Calif: Santa Cruz Island
(2342,P29)
Hab: Intertidal, about low water mark (2033, pl65) (2050, p!36)
Ampithoe lacertosa (Bate, 1858 )- (2033, pl65)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, pl65)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pl65)
Ampithoe plumulosa Shoemaker, 1938 - (2033, pl65)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, pl65)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,pl65)
Ampithoe pollex Kunkel. 1910 (2033,pl65)
A. indentata (Stout, 1913)
Coll: Ore: Sunset Bay, North Beach, Cape Arago (2342, p29 , 31);
Calif: central and southern (2033, pl65) (2342 , p29 , 31)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,pl65)
Ampithoe ramondi (Audouin, 1826) - (2033,pl65)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!65 )
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pl65)
484
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA Amphipoda
Ampithoe simulans Alderman, 1936 - (2033, pl66)
A. dalli Shoemaker, 1938
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2342)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2342); Ore: South Cove, Cape
Arago (2342, p34); Calif: Moss Beach (2342)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pl66)
Ampithoe valida (S. I. Smith, 187 3)- (2033, pl66) (See Alderman, 1936)
Coll: Ore: South Slough, Charleston; Calif: Moss Beach (2342,
P35)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pl66)
Anisogammarus (Anisogammarus) pugettensis (Dana, 1853) - (2033,;pl66J
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2 342, pl6 ) (2033, pl66 )
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2342, pl6 ); Ore: Coos Bay region (2342 ,
p!5)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pl66)
Anisogammarus (Eogammarus) confervicolus (Stimpson, 1857) -
(2033, p!66)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2033, pl66)
Coll: Alaska: Alinchak Bay (2342,pll); Ore: Coos Bay region
(2 342, pi 1); Calif: central (2 033)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pl66)
Anisogammarus (Eogammarus) remellus (Weckel) (2342,pl6)
Dist: Alaska to Calif: (2342,pl6)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2342, p 16 ); Ore: Cap-e Arago (2342,'
p!6); Calif: Monterey Bay (2 342 , p 16 )
Aoroides columbiae Walker, 1898 (2033, pl66)
A. californica Alderman, 1936
Dist: Washington to Calif. (2033, pl66) (2342,p26)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2342, p26); Ore: Cape Arago,
Sunset Bay (2342,p26); Calif: central coast (2.0 3 3-, p
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pl66)
Aruga macromerus Shoemaker, 1916 - (2033, pl66)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!66)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p 166)
Cairella californica Bovallius - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Calliopiella (? ) pratti, Barnard 1954 - (2342,p6)
Coll: Ore: Coos County (2342 , p7 ), Fossil Point, Cape Arago,
Coos Bay (2008,p6-7)
Hab: In sargassum, intertidal (2008, p6-7)
485
-------
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA Amphipoda
Calliopius laeviusculus (KrgSyer, 1838) (2553) (2033)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2342,p8)
Coll: B.C.: coast (2553, p!06), Vancouver Island (2342 ,p8);
Wash: Port Townsend (2342, p8); Ore: Depoe Bay
(2342,P8)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,pl66), surface common in spring (2553)
Ceradocus spinicauda (Holmes) (2342,p!8)
Coll: Ore: Cape Arago (2342 , p!9 ); Calif: Channel Islands
(2342,p!8)
Hab: In algae (2342, p!9 ), 29-45 fms (2342 , p!8)
Chelura terebrans Philippi, 1839 (2033,pl66)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, pl66)
Hab: Intertidal (2 033, p 166)
Corophium acherusicum (Costa, 1857) - (2033, pl66)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2342)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2342); Calif: central coast
(2033,p!66)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,pl66)
Corophium brevis Shoemaker 1949 - (2342,p36)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2342, p36)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2342, p36); Calif: San Francisco,
central coast (2342, p36) (2033, pl66)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p!66)
Corophium insidiosum Crawford, 1937 - (2033, pl66)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, pl66)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pl66)
Corophium oaklandense Shoemaker. 1949 - (2033, pl66)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, pl66)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,pl66)
Remarks: This species is said to be hermaphroditic.
Corophium salmonis Stimpson - (2342,p36)
Dist: Alaska to Oregon (2342, p36)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2342, p36); Ore: Coos Bay region
(2342,p36)
Corophium spinicorne Stimpson. 1857 - (2033,pl66)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2342,p37)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2342, p37); Calif: central coast
to Santa Cruz County (2342, p37)
Hab: In brackish water (2033, pl66)
486
-------
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA - Amphipoda
Corophium stimpsoni Stimpson, 1857 -(2033,pl66)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, pl66)
Hab: May be very abundant in nearly fresh water of estuaries
(2033,p!66)
Dogielinotus sp. (2686)
Coll: Calif: Fairhaven (2686 , p32 )
Hab: Intertidal (2686, p32)
Elasmopus antennatus (Stout. 19 13) - (2033, pl66)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, p!66)
Hab: Intertidal (2 033, p 166)
Elasmopus brasiliensis (Dana. 1853) (2033,pl66) (See Alderman, 1936)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, pl66)
Hab: Intertidal (2 033, p 166)
Elasmopus rapax Costa, 1853 - (2033, pl66)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, pl66)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pl66)
Eohaustorius washingtonianus - (2686)
Coll: Calif: Clam Beach, Mad River (2686, p32)
Hab: Intertidal (2686 ,p32)
Ericthonius brasiliensis (Dana, 1853) - (2033, pl66)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, pl66)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pl66)
Ericthonius hunteri (Bate, 1862 )- (2033, pl66 )
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, pl66)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pl66)
Eurystheus tenuicornis (Holmes, 1904) - (2033, pl66) (See Shoemaker, 1931)
Coll: Calif: central and southern coast (2035, p8)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,pl66), 2-5 fms (2035, p8)
Gammarus subtener Stimpson - (2050,p!58)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2050, p!58)
Hab: Circumlittoral zone (2050, p!58)
Hippomedon denticulatus (Bate) (2342,p4)
Dist: Oregon (2342, p4); Atlantic Ocean from Norway to
western Mediterranean (2342, p4)
Coll: Ore: Winchester Bay (2342 , p4)
Hab: 20-40 fms (2342, p4), see Alan Hancock Stn. 1471-42 for
depth (2342,P4)
487
-------
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA - Amphipoda
Hyaleifrequens (Stout. 19 13) - (2033, pl66)
Dist: Oregon to Calif. (2342, p23)
Coll: Ore: Cape Arago, Coos Bay region, Newport (2342, p23);
Calif: Laguna, Lower Calif. (2342,p23)
Hab: Abundant in intertidal (2342,p23)
Remarks: Possibly a color variant of PI. rubra (2033, pl66).
Hyale grandicornis Krg^yer, 1845 - (3765)
Coll: Calif: central (2765)
Hab: Immature found in nuchal cavity and pallial groove of
Lottia gigantea, Acmaeapelta, A. scabra, A. digitalis,
A. lima tula, and A. s cutum. The percentage Acmaea
species hosting this form increases with decreased
height in intertidal region. Appear to settle on algae of
limpet shell (3765); mature found on Ulva; migrate to
Ulva when sexually mature (2765)
Hyale hawaiensis (Dana, 1853) (2033, pl66)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, pl66)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pl66)
Hyale plumulosus (Stimpson, 1857) (2033, p!66)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, pl66)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pl66)
Hyale pugettensis (Dana. 1853) - (2033, pl66)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, pl66)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,pl66)
Hyale rubra (Thompson. 1879) (2033,pl66)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, pl66)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pl66)
Hyalella azteca (Saussure. 1858) (2033, pl66)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, pl66)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pl66)
Hyperoche medusarum Kr^yer - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Ischyrocerus anguipes Kr^yer (2342,p35)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound; Ore: Cape Arago region, Cape
Blanco (2342)
Ischyrocerus parvus Stout, 1913 (2033,pl66)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, pl66)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pl66)
488
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Amphipoda
Jassa falcata (Montagu, 1808) - (2033, pl66)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Blanco (2342, p36); Calif: central
coast and southern Calif. (2033, pl66)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p 166)
Leucothoe spinicarpa (Abildgard, 1789) (?) (2033, pl66)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2033, pl66 ) (2342, p6)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2342, p6); Ore: Cape Blanco
(2342,p6); Calif: central coast (2033, pl66)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pl66)
Maera inaequipes (Costa, 1851) - (2033, pl66)
Dist: Oregon to Calif. (2342,p!8)
Coll: Ore: Cape Arago region, Depoe Bay (2342, p!8); Calif:
central coast, Lower Calif. (2342, p!8)
Hab: Intertidal and dredged 6 0-74 fms (2342, p!8)
Mandibulophorus uncirostratus - (2686,p32)
Coll: Calif: Samoa, Fairhaven, Mad River (2686, p32)
Hab: Intertidal (2686, p32)
Melita californica Alderman, 19 36 - (2033, pl66 )
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, pl66)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pl66)
Melita nitida S. I. Smith, 1873 (2033, pl66)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, pl66)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,pl66)
Melita oregonensis, Barnard, 1954 - (2342,p!9)
Coll: Ore: Coos County, Cape Arago (2342 , p20)
Hab: Reef, intertidal (2342,p20)
Melita sulca (Stout. 19 13) - (2033, pl66)
M. Palmata Montagu, 1804 - (2553)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2033, pl66 ) (255 3, p!07 )
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, pl66)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , pl66 )
Nototropis tridens Alderman, 1936 - (2033, pl66)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, pl66)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p 166)
Orchestia traskiana Stimpson, 1857 - (2033, pl66)
Dist: Washington to Calif. (2342,p23)
Coll: Ore: Cape Arago (2342 , p2 3); Calif: Magdalena Bay,
Lower Calif. (2342,p23), central coast (2033, pl66)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,pl66) among decaying algae on sand (2342,
p23)
489
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Amphipoda
Orchestoidea californiana (Brandt) 1851 - (2342, p24)
Dist: Washington to Calif. (2342,p24)
Coll: Ore: Sunset Bay, Bastendorf Beach, Charleston,
Coos Bay region (2342,p24); Calif: Clam Beach to
Table Bluff (2686,p32)
Hab: High on beach on dry or damp sand (2686, p32), intertidal
(2686, p32), characteristic of clean exposed beaches with
fine sand (2033, pl66), in algae washed up on beach
(2342,P24)
Orchestoidea corniculata Stout, 19 13 - (2033, p!66)
Coll: Calif: Table Bluff to Clam Beach (2686 , p32 )
Hab: Found on smaller, sheltered beaches with coarse sand
and algal debris (2033, pl66), high on beach on dry or
damp sand (2686, p32), intertidal (2686, p32)
Orchestia traskiana Stimpson
Dist: Washington to Oregon
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound on beach (2031, p331)
Feeding: On kelp and sea lettuce (2031,p331), scavengers
Panoploea rickettsi Shoemaker (2035, pi)
Coll: Calif: Moss Landing, Pacific Grove, Monterey Bay
(2035,pi)
Hab: Taken from a rock, 50+ fms (2035,pi)
Parallorchestes ochotensis (Brandt, 1851) - (2033,pl67)
Dist: Okhotsk Sea to Calif. (2342,p24)
Coll: Ore: Cape Arago (2342 , p24); Calif: central coast,
Laguna Beach (2342,p24) (2033,pl67)
Hab: On algae (2342, p24), intertidal (2033, pl67)
Paraphoxus (Pontharpinia) milleri - (2686)
Coll: Calif: Table Bluff to Clam Beach (2686,p32)
Hab: Low high-tide lines, intertidal (2686 , p32)
Parapleustes bairdi (Boeck. 1872) - (2033, pl67)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, pl67)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,pl67)
Parapleustes pugettensis (Dana. 1853) (2033,p!67)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2342, p9); Ore: Cape Arago region
(2342,p9); Calif: central coast (2033, pl67)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,pl67)
490
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Amphipoda
Photis calif ornica Stout, 1913 - (2033, pl67)
Dist: Oregon to Calif. (2033, pl67 ) (2342 , p27 )
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Winchest er Bay (2342 , p27)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!67), 20-40 fms (2 342 ,'p27 )
Photis conchicola Alderman, 1936 - (2033,p!67)
Coll: California (2033, pl67)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!67)
Phronima sedentaria Forskal - (2341) (2553)
Dist: B.C. to Oregon (2341) (2553)
Remarks: Mid-depth, rare
Phronimopsis spinifera Glaus - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Pleustes depressus Alderman, 1936 (2033,pl67)
Coll: Ore: Cape Arago region (2342, p9); Calif: central coast
(2033,p!67)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pl67)
Podocerus brasiliensis (Dana, 1853-1855) (2033,pl67)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, pl67)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pi67)
Podocerus spongicolus Alderman, 1936 - (2033, pl67)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033, pl67)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!67)
Polycheria antarctica (Stebbing, 1875) - (2033,pl67)
P_. osborni Caiman, 1898?
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2342, p21); Ore: Cape Arago
(2342,p21); Calif: central coast (2 033, p 167 )
Hab: Intertidal (2033,pl67 )
Pontharpinia obtusidens Alderman, 1936 (2033,pl67)
Coll: Ore: Sunset Bay (2342, p4); Calif: central and southern
(2342,p4)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!67), kelp holdfasts, rocks and sand
(2342,p4)
Pontharpinia tridentata, Barnard - (2342,p4)
Coll: Ore: Winchester Bay (2342 , p5 ), Alan Hancock Stn.
1471-42 (2342,p5)
Hab: 20-40 fms (2342 , p5)
491
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA Amphipoda
Pontogeneia inermis (Kr^yer, 1838) - (2033, pl67)
Dist: Pribiloff Islands to Calif. (2342,p9) (2033,pl67)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region, Cape Blanco (2342,p9); Calif:
central coast (2033,pl67)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pl67)
Primno abyssalis Bowman - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Primno macropa Guerin - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Suborder: Hyperiidea
Cystisoma fabricii Stebbing, 1888 (2546, p8)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. , Indo-Pacific (Zanzibar and East
Indies), 4°N to 10 °S
Coll: Ore: offshore (2546 , p8) (2341); Calif: Channel Islands
(25467p8)
Dairella californica Bovallius, 1885 - (2546,p7)
Dist: Oregon to Calif. (2546,p7)
Coll: Ore: Columbia River (2546,p7); Calif: Punta Eugenia,
Baja (2546,p7)
Hyperia hystrix Bovallius , 1887 (2546, p6)
Dist: Sea of Japan, North Pacific to Oregon
Coll: Ore: off shore (2546 , p6 ) (2341)
Hyperoche medusarum Kr^yer, 1923 - (2546, p7) 1838 (2553, p!04)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2546, p7)
Coll: B.C.: coast (2553, p!04); Ore: offshore (2546 , p7 ) (2341)
Lanceola loveni Bovallius. 1885 - (2546,p8)
Dist: Alaska to Oregon (2546,p8)
Coll: Ore: offshore (2546, p8) (2341)
Lycaea pulex Marion. 1875 (2546,p7)
Dist: Oregon to Calif. (2546, p7)
Coll: Ore: off shore (2546 , p7 ) (2341); Calif: Santa Catalina
Island(2546,p7)
Oxycephalus clausi Bovallius. 1887 (2546,p7)
Dist: B.C. to Oregon, Japan to Honolulu, 27°30'N, 122° 50'E
(2646,P7)
Coll: B.C.: coast (2553, p!07 ); Ore: offshore (2546, p7 ) (2341)
492
-------
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA - Amphipoda
Paraphronima crassipes Glaus, 1879 (2546,p7)
Dist: Oregon to Baja Calif. (2546,p7)
Coll: Ore: offshore, Columbia River (2546 , p7 ) (2341)
Paraphronima gracilis Glaus, 1879 (2546,p6)
Dist: Oregon to Calif. , northern temperate and tropical regions
(2546,P6)
Coll: Ore: off shore (2546 , p6 ) (2341)
Parathemisto pacifica Stebbing, 1888 - (2546,p6)
Dist: B.C. to Oregon, bet-ween Japan and Sandwich Islands,
Subarctic water from about 50° N, 170 °E (2546, p6)
Coll: Ore: off shore (2546 , p6 ) (2 341)
Prim.no abyssalis Bowman, 1953 - (2546,p6)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2546, p6)
Coll: Ore: off shore, Columbia River (2546, p6) (2 341); Calif:
extends below Pt. Conception (2546 , p6)
Prim.no macropa Guerin, 1836 - (2546,p7)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2546,p7)
Coll: Ore: offshore (2546 , p7 ) (2341)
Scina crassicornis burmudensis Shoemaker, 1945 - (2546, p8)
Coll: Ore: offshore (2546,p8) (2341)
Streetsia challengeri - (2546,p6)
Coll: Ore: off shore (2546 , p6 ) (2341)
Tryphana malmi Boeck, 1870 - (2546,p6)
Coll: Ore: off shore (2546 , p6 ) (2 341)
Vibilia armata Bovallius, 1887 (2546, p7)
Dist: Eastern Pacific from about 44° N to 35 °S (2546, p7 )
Coll: Ore: offshore (2546 , p7 ) (2 341)
Vibilia propinqua Stebbing, 1888 (2546, p7)
Dist: Oregon to Mexico (2546, p7 )
Coll: Ore: offshore, Columbia River (2546, p7) (2341); Calif:
to lower Baja (2546, p7)
Vibilia wolterecki Behning, 1939 (2546,p8)
Dist: Oregon to Mexico (2546,p8)
Coll: Ore: off shore (2546 , p8 ) (2341); Calif: Extends south to
Baja Calif. (2546, p8)
493
-------
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA - Amphipoda
Suborder: Caprellidea
Caprella angusta Mayer, 1903 - (2033, p!7 1)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, p!71)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p!71)
Caprella brevirostris Mayer, 1903 - (2033,p!71)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, p!71)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p!71)
Caprella californica Stimpson, 1857 - (2033,p!71)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, p!71)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p!71)
Caprella equilibra Say, 1818 - (2033,p!71)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, p!71)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p!71)
Caprella gracilior Mayer, 1903 - (2033,p!71)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, p!71)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p 171)
Caprella incisa Mayer, 1903 - (2033,p!71)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, p!71)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p 171)
Caprella kennerlyi Stimpson
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound on seaweed (2031, p335)
Hab: On bottom of boat (2050, p!56)
Caprella laeviuscula Mayer. 1903 - (2033,p!71)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, p!71)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p!71)
Caprella pilipalma Dougherty and Steinberg, 1953 - (2033, p!71)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, p!71)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p!7 1)
Caprella uniforma La Follette. 1915 (2033,p!71)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033,pl71)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p!71)
Caprella yerrucosa Boeck, 1872 - (2033, p!71)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, p!71)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p 171)
494
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Amphipoda
Deutella californica Mayer, 189 0 - (2033, p!7 1)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, p!71)
Hab: Intertidal (2 033, p 171)
Metacaprella anomala (Mayer, 1903) (2033,p!71)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, p!71)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p 171)
Metacaprella ferrea (Mayer. 1903) - (2033,p!71)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033,pl71J
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!71)
Metacaprella kennerlyi (Stimpson. 1864) - (2033,p!71)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, p!71)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p!71)
Petrotripus brevis (La Follette, 1915) - (2033,p!71)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, p!71)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p!71)
Petrolisth.es cinctipes - (2233,p246)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, p246)
Hab: In biotic succession of Mytilus californianus community
(2233,p246)
Tritella laevis Mayer, 1903 - (2033, p!7 1)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, p!71)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p!71)
Tritella pilimana Mayer, 189 0 - (2033,p!7 1)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, p!71)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,pl71)
Tritella tenuissima Doughtery and Steinberg, 1953 - (2033, p 171)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, p!71)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p!71)
Order: Euphausiacea
jientheuphausia amblyops G. O. Sars - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Euphausia pacifica Han sen, 1911 - (2553,pl!7)
Dist: B.C. to Oregon
Coll: B.C.: coast (2553, pH7 ); off Oregon (3112) (2626)
Life History, Growth: (3112)
Remarks: Mid-depth to surface, very abundant (2553, pi 17)
495
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Euphausiacea
Nematobrachion flexipes (Ortmann) Caiman - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341) (2626)
Nematoscelis difficilis Hansen - (2341)
Dist: B. C. to Oregon (2341) (2553) (2626)
Stylocheiron abbreviatum G. O. Sars - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341) (2626)
Stylocheiron longicorne G. O. Sars - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341) (2626)
Stylocheiron maximum Hansen - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341) (2626)
Tessarabrachion oculatus Hansen - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341) (2626)
Thysanoessa gregaria G. O. Sars (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341) (2626)
Thysanoessa inspinata Nemoto - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341) (2626)
Thysanoessa longipes Brandt - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341) (2626)
Thysanoessa parva Hansen -(2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Thysanoessa raschii (M. Sars) Hansen - (2341)
Dist: B.C. to Oregon (2341) (2553,pl!7)
Thysanoessa spinifera Holmes - (2341)
Dist: B.C. to Oregon (2341) (2553,pl!8) (2626)
Thysanopoda acutifrons Holt and Tattersall - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Thysanopoda cornuta Illig - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
496
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Euphausiacea
Thysanopoda egregia Hansen -(2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Order: Decapoda
Acanthephyra curtirostris Wood-Mason (2341)
Dist: Oregon (2341) to Gulf of Panama (2184,p33)
Acantholithodes hispidus - (2184,p3l6)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to Monterey Bay, Calif. (2184, pi 52)
Aega belliceps Stimpson - (2050)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2050)
Amphithonotus occidentalis Stimpson - (2050, p!58)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2050, pi 58)
Amphithonotus septemdentatus Stimpson - (2050,p!58)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2050 , pi 58)
Hab: At and below low-water mark (2050, pi 58)
Anonyx filiger Stimpson - (2050,p!57)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2050 , p!57)
Hab: In deep water ( 2050 , pi 57)
Bentheogennema sp. - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Bentheogennema borealis Rathbun (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Calastacus investigatoris - (2184,p315)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to San Diego (21 84, pi 13)
Coll: Ore: off Cascade Head, 345 fms (21 84, pi 1 3)
Callianassa californiensis Dana, 1854 - (2033,p!86)
Dist: Alaska to lower Calif. (2184, pl!7)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound ( 2031 , p353)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p!86), tube dwelling (2031 , p3 53)
497
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Decapoda
Callianassa goniophthalma - (2184,p315) ,,„,_. . 01 .
Dilt: Sitka, Alaska to San Miguel Island (2184, pi 21)
Callianassa longimana - (2184,p315)
Dis~t- B C to Lower Calif. (2184, pl!8)
Temp: San Francisco Bay, 8. 2 - to 1 3. 9 °C (21 84, pi 19)
Salinity: San Francisco Bay, 18.3 to 31. 7%o (21 84, pi 19)
Cancer antennarius Stimpson, 1856 -(2033,pl85)
Dist: B.C. to Lower Calif. (2184,p225)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033 , p!85)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p!85)
Cancer anthonyi Rathbun, 1897 -(2033,pl85)
Dist: Calif: central to Lower ( 21 84, p219)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033 , p!85)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p!85)
Cancer gibbosuius - (2184,p319)
Dist: Alaska to Lower Calif. (2184, p319)
Coll: Alaska: Kodiak (2184, p319); Lower Calif: San
Geronimo Island (2184,p319)
Temp: San Francisco Bay, 9. 7 ° to 11. 5°C (2184, p227)
Salinity: San Francisco Bay, 33. 9%o (21 84, p227)
Cancer gracilis Dana, 1852 - (2033, p!85)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to Lower Calif. (2184, p319)
Coll: Calif: central coast ( 2033 , p!85)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p!85)
Cancer magister Dana, 1852 - (2033, p!85)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to Lower Calif. (2184,p229)
Coll: Calif: Clam Beach to Table Bluff (2686, p42)
Hab: Shallow waters of bays to open ocean; harvested
commercially (very important) from 2-25 fms; prefer
sandy bottoms but are found on other types also
(2671 ,p56); sandy bottoms near eel grass (3804, p!09);
22-200m (3003); dredged at 5-12 1 /2 fms off Coos
Bay to Newport by BCF Seattle (3412); dredged at depth
shallower and deeper than 14-17 fms off Washington (3413)
See also Chapter 20
p. 255
498
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Decapoda
Cancer magister Dana. 1852 - continued
Relative abundance and distribution figures from Clam
Beach to Table Bluff (2686, p42-4); most productive
area in Washington is La Push to Columbia River
(3635)
Thermal: Migrate along coast of Strait of Juan de Fuca and
may be influenced by heated water; tolerances to
high temp, or to rapid temp, changes by this species
is little known (2730,p247); "The crabs would
probably be affected more than would be the clams,
but this is completely speculative. " (2730,p247);
research on larval D. crab shows that when normal
temp, and salinity are changed the survival rate
is decreased; all larvae died when reared at 71 °F for
53 days; 60-65% survived at 64 °F, salinity 25-30%o.
25% survival at 64 °F and salinity 20%o; optimum temp.
and salinity ranges for laboratory cultured D. crabs
larvae are 50-57 °F and 25-30%o salinity (3635)
Description and Drawing: (3804, pi 09-1 0)
Food: Cockles and other clams (3804,pi 09)
Repro: Larvae released during winter or early spring and
the larvae observed nearshore May-June; young crabs
appear as adults during June (3635, p5)
Bibliography: Butler (3611)
Cancer oregonensis (Dana, 1852) - (3003,plO)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to Lower Calif. (2184,p234)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2184) (2031 , p379 )
Hab: Ore: 46m (3003 , pi 0); Puget Sound: low tide buried
in mud and fine sand under rocks (2031,p379)
Cancer productus Randall, 1839 - (2033, p!85) (3804, pi 1 0)
Dist: Alaska to Lower Calif. (2031,p221)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p!85), gravelly shores, rocky shores
(2031,p377), gravelly or rocky bottom or beneath
stones (3804, pHO)
Econ: Edible, but not used commercially
Chorilia longipes Dana, 1851 -(3003,plO)
Dist: Kodiak to San Diego (2184, p319)
Coll: Oregon, 46-674m (3003,plO)
Hab: 27-603 fms
499
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Decapoda
Crago Fabricius, 1801 - This generic name was placed on the
Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in
Zoology as a junior objective synonym of Crangon Fabricius,
1798 by Opinion 334 of the International Commission on
Zoological Nomenclature. In the same opinion Crangon
Weber, 1795 was suppressed as a synonym of Alpheus
Fabricius, 1798. Consequently those shrimp known as Crago
are now properly placed in Crangon and many previously
reported as Crangon belong to Alpheus. We have attempted
to place these shrimp in their proper genera in this checklist.
The species Alpheus appears to be a more southern species,
and none has yet been reported from the study area..
Crangon alaskensis elongata (Rathbun) 1902 - (3003,plO) (2184,p88)
Dist: B.C. to Lower Calif. (2184,p88)
Coll: Puget Sound: tidepools (2031 , p347); Ore: 23-68m
(3003,plO)
Hab: Dredged
Temp: San Francisco Bay, 9. 3° to 12. 2°C (2184,p88)
Salinity: 33. 8-34. 3%o (2184, p88)
Crangon alba Holmes, 1900 - (3003,plO)
Dist: B.C. to San Diego (2184, p89)
Coll: Ore: 25m (3003 , pi 0); Calif: central (2033 , pi 85)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p!85), to 47 fms (2184, p89)
Crangon communis Rathbun. 1899 - (3003, pi 1)
Dist: Bering Sea to San Diego
Coll: Ore: 73-366m (3003 , pi 1)
Hab: 9-306 fms (2184,p96)
Crangon franciscorum (Stimpson. 1859) -(2033,pl85)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to San Diego (21 84, p93 , 314)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, pi 85)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p!85)
Crangon munita (2184,p315)
Dist: Kodiak, Alaska to San Miguel Island (21 84, p98 , 31 5)
Crangon munitella (2184,p315)
Dist: Puget Sound to Santa Catalina Island (21 84, pi 02, 31 5)
Hab: 3 1/2 to 40 fms (2184, pi 02)
500
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Decapoda
Crangon munitella - continued
Temp: In San Francisco Bay (2184), 11.0° to 13. 5°
Salinity: San Francisco Bay, 26. 6 to 31. 6%o ( 21 84, pi 02)
Crangon nigricauda (Stimpson, 1856) (2033.p!85)
Dist: Alaska to Lower Calif. (2184,p85)
Hab: Littoral to 31 fms (2184,p85)
Crangon nigromaculata (Lockington, 1877) (2033,p!85)
Dist: Northern Calif, to Lower Calif. (2184,p87)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, pi 85)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , pi85), 3-33 fms (2184,p87)
Crangon resima Rathbun. 1902 (3003, pi 1)
Dist: Oregon, 118-366m (3003 , pi 1) to Lower Calif.
(2184,P97,315)
Hab: 15 to 266 fms (2184,p97)
Crangon spinosissima - (2184,p315)
Dist: Oregon to San Diego (2184)
Temp: Range 9-3° to 11.4°C (21 84, pi 00)
Salinity: 33.8 to 34. 3%0 ( 2184, pi 00)
Crangon stylirostris (Holmes, 1900) - (2033,p!85)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to Monterey Bay (2184,p91)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, pi 85)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p!85), to 26 fms (21 84, p91)
Crangon variabilis - (2184,p315)
Dist: Bering Sea to San Nicolas Island (2184,p99)
Hab: 50 to 695 fms (2184,p99)
Cryptolithodes sitchensis Brandt, 1853 -(2033,pl86)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to Monterey Bay (21 84, pi 55 , 317)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033,p!86)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , pi 86)
Crypto lithodes typicus (2184,p317)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to Monterey Bay (21 84, pi 54, 317 )
501
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Decapoda
Emerita analoga (Stimpson, 1857) - (2033,p!86) (2686,p32) (sand crab)
Dist: Oregon to Lower Calif. (2184, p!73 , 317)
Coll: Calif: central (2033 ,pi 86), Table Bluff to Clam
Beach (2686,p32)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p!86), sandy beaches (2686, p33),
October: edge of surf; March: 100' into the surf;
May: 150' from edge of surf, high on beach (2686, p33)
Epialtus productus - (2184,p318)
See Pugettia
Eupagurus kennerlyi Stimpson
Dist: Puget Sound (2050, p!53)
Fabia subquadrata Dana, 1851 -(2033,pl85)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to Laguna Beach (21 84, p254, 320)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, p!85)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , pi 85)
Gennadas incertus Balss - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Gennadas propinquus Rathbun - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Hapalogaster cavicauda Stimpson, 1859 - (2033,p!86)
Dist: Kodiak to San Clemente Island (2184,p3l6)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, p!86)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , pi 86)
Hapalogaster grebnitskii (2184,p3l6)
Dist: Bering Sea to Humboldt Bay (2184, pi 50, 31 6)
Hapalogaster mertensii Brandt
Coll: Puget Sound (2031 ,p36l)
Hemigrapsus nudus (Dana. 1851) (2033 , p!85) (3804, pi 11)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to Gulf of Calif. (2184,p273)
Coll: B.C.: (3804, pi 11); Puget Sound: (2031,p365);
Central Calif.: (2033, pi85)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , pi 85), rocky beaches (3804, pi 11), are
able to stay out of water considerable amount of time
(3804,pill)
502
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Decapoda
Hemigrapsus oregonensis (Dana, 1851) - (2033,p!85)
Dist: Kodiak, Alaska to Gulf of Calif. (21 84, p274, 320)
Coll: Puget Sound (2184, p320); Calif: central Calif. (2033 , pi 85)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p!85)
Temp. & Salinity: See (3585)
Hippolyte californiensis Holmes, 1895 (2033,p!85)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to San Diego, Calif. (21 84, p48 , 31 2)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033,pi85)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , pi 85)
Hippolyte gracilis Stimpson
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound in deep water (2050, pi 55)
Hippolyte prionota Stimpson
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound in 8 -1 2 fms ( 2050, pi 53)
Hippolyte stylus Stimpson
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound, Straits of Juan de Fuca (2050,pi 54)
Hippolyte suckleyi Stimpson
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound ( 2050 , pi 54)
Hab: Dredged in circumlittoral zone (2050,pl54)
Hyas lyratus Dana
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound ( 2031 , p371)
Hymenodora frontalis Rathbun - (2341)
Dist: Bering Sea to San Clemente Island (2184, p34, 31 2)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Hymenodora glacialiss - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Hymenodora gracilis Smith - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Lopholithodes foraminatus (Stimpson, 1859) -(3003,plO)
Dist: B.C. to San Diego (21 84, pi 57, 317)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound, not a shore form ( 2031, p383);
Ore: 42m (3003 , pi 0) to 299 fms (2184,p!57)
503
-------
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA - Decapoda
Lopholithodes mandtii - (2184,p317)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to Monterey Bay (21 84, pi 56 , 317)
Lophopanopeus bellus (Stimpson, 1860)(1862) (2033,pl85)
Dist: Kodiak to Lower Calif. (21 84, p242, 319 )
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound, buried in sand or mud on rocky
shores (2031,p373); central Calif. (2033,p!85)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , pi 85)
Meningodora mollis Smith- (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Mimulus foliatus Stimpson, I860 (1862) -(2003,pl85)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to Mazatlan, Mexico (21 84, p205 , 318)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, pi 85)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p!85)
Mursia gaudichaudii (Milne-Edwards , 1837) (2003,p!85)
Dist: Oregon (3003) to Chile (2184, p!91)
Coll: Ore: 1 00m (3003 , pi 1); Calif: central (2033 , pi 85),
Farallon Islands (2184,p318)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , pi 85)
Nectocrangon californiensis Rathbun, 1902 - (3003,plO)
Dist: Oregon (3003) to Santa Catalina (2184,p315)
Coll: Oregon, 73-119m (3003,plO)
Notostomus japonicus Bate - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Oedignathus inermis (Stimpson, I860) -(2033,pl86)
Dist: Aleutians to Monterey Bay ( 2184, pi 51, 31 6)
Coll: Puget Sound (2184, p31 6); central Calif. (2033,p!86)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , pi 86)
Oregonia gracilis (2184,p318)
Dist: Bering Sea to Monterey Bay (21 84, pi 99 , 31 8)
Temp: In San Francisco Bay, 9. 8 ° to 11. 0 °C (21 84,pl99)
Salinity: San Francisco Bay, 33.8 to 34. 2%o (21 84, p!99)
504
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Decapoda
Orthopagurus minimus (Holmes) - (2570,p245)as Pylopazurus
minimus in (21 84, p31 6)
Dist: B.C. to San Diego (2184, p!44)
Coll: Wash: Dredged Friday Harbor region (2570, p245)
Orthopagurus schmitti (Stevens) -(2570,p246)
Pachycheles pubescens Holmes, 1900 - (2033, p!86)
Dist: Puget Sound to Monterey Bay ( 21 84, p!78 , 317)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, pi 86)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , pi 86)
Pachycheles rudis Stimpson, 1859 (I860) (2033,p!86)
Dist: Kodiak, Alaska to Lower Calif. (21 84, p!76 , 317)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, pi 86)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , pi 86)
Pachygrapsus crassipes Randall, 1839 (2033,p!85)
Dist: Oregon to Gulf of Calif. (2184,p271)
Coll: ' Central Calif. (2033, pi 85)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p!85), important predator of limpets;
see (3767 , p67 -8); in bio tic succession of Mytilus
californianus community ( 2233 , p246 -9 )
Paguristes turgidus (Stimpson, 1957) - (3003,plO) (2184,p315)
Dist: B.C. to San Diego (2184,p!23,315)
Coll: Oregon, 40-174m (3003,plO)
Temp: In San Francisco Bay, range 9. 3 ° to 11. 1 ° C ( 21 84, pi 23)
Salinity: San Francisco Bay, 34. 0 to 34. 3%o ( 21 84, pi 23)
Pa gurus beringanus (Benedict)
Dist: Bering Sea to Monterey Bay (21 84, pi 35 , 31 6)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound common on rocky beaches
(2031,p357)
Hab: 5-19 fms (2184,p!35)
Pagurus capillatus - (2184,p3l6)
Dist: Arctic Alaska to Monterey Bay ( 21 84, pi 33 , 31 6)
Hab: 2-240 fms ( 21 84, pi 33)
505
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Decapoda
Pagurus granosimanus (Stimpson, 1859) - (2033,pl86) (3804, pi 12)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to Lower Calif. (21 84, p!42, 31 6)
Coll: B.C. (3804,pll2); central Calif. (2033, p!86)
Hab: (2033,p!86), tide pools , shallow water along shore
(3804, pi 12), commonly drags around whelk shell
(3804,pl!2), beach to 15 fms (2184,p!42)
Pagurus hemphillii (Benedict, 1892) -(2033,pl86)
Dist: B.C. to Monterey Bay (2184, p!42)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, pi 86)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , pi 86)
Pagurus hirsutuisculus (Dana, 1851) - (2033, p!86) (3804, pi 12)
Dist: Bering Sea to San Diego (2184, pi 38 , 31 6)
Coll: B.C. (3804, pi 12); Puget Sound (2031 , p355); central
Calif. (2033, pi 86)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, pi86), conspicuous in tide pools and
shallow water along shoreline (3804,pl!2), to 17 fms
(2184,p!38)
Pagurus ochotensis Brandt, 1851 -(3003,plO)
Dist: Aleutians to San Diego (2184, pi 30 , 31 6)
Coll: Oregon, 25-640m (3003 , pi 0)
Pagurus samuelis (Stimpson. 1857) -(2033,pl86)
Dist: Humbolt County to San Diego (2184, p!40, 31 6)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, pi 86)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , pi 86)
Temp: Larvae reared at 17°-18°C (3122,p3)
Misc: Ovulation, embryology and developmental stages (3123)
Pagurus setosus - (2184,p3l6)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to Santa Cruz Island (2184, pi36, 31 6)
Hab: 50-266 fms (2184,p!36)
Pagurus tenuimanus (Dana)
Coll: PugetSound(20317p359)
Pandalopsis sp. -(3003, pi 0)
Coll: Oregon, 46-55m (3003, plO)
506
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Decapoda
Panda lus^ danae Stimpson. 1857 -(2033,pl85)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to San Francisco ( 21 84, p44, 31 2)
Coll: Puget Sound: young in shallow water, adults
deep (2031, p345); Ore: 40-225m (3003 ); central
Calif: (2033,p!85)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , pi 85)
Feeding: Young, dead crabs or other tidbits (2031,p345)
Pandalus jordani Rathbun. 1904 - (3003, pi 1)
Dist: Aleutians to San Diego (2184,p42)
Coll: Oregon, 1 00-200m (3003 , pi 1) (2341 )
Hab: Live in depths from 40-100 fms on bottoms of green
mud or green mud and sand; sometimes leave bottom
to spend some time at intermediate depths (2571,p54),
25-199 fms (2184,p42)
Growth: Reared at 1 3 °+0. 2 ° C 43 days from 1st to 8th larvae
stage (3346)
Remarks: Important commercially (2571,p54)
See also Chapter 20
p. 288
Pandalus montagui tridens - (2184,p313)
Dist: Bering Sea to San Nicolas Island (21 84, p43 , 31 3)
Hab: 3-1084 fms (2184,p43)
Pandalus platyceros (2184,p313)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to San Diego, Calif. (21 84, p43 , 31 3)
Hab: 25-266 fms (2184,p43)
Paracrangon echinata Dana, 1852 - (3003, pi 1)
Dist: Kodiak Island to La Jolla (21 84, pi 03 , 31 5)
Coll: Oregon, 101-106m (3003,pll)
Parapagurus mertensii - (2184,p3l6)
Dist: Kodiak, Alaska to San Nicolas Island (21 84, p!46, 31 6)
Hab: 77-266 fms (2184,p!46)
Parapasiphae cristata Smith - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Parapasipha^ sulcatifrons Smith - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
507
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Decapoda
Paraxanthias taylori (Stimpson, I860) (1862) - (2033,P185)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, p!85)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , pi 85)
Pasiphaea chacei Yaldwyn (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Pasiphaea pacifica Rathbun (2341)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to Gulf of Calif. (21 84, p29 , 31 2)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Feeding Study: (2563)
Petalidium suspiriosum Burkenroad - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Petrolisthes cinctipes (Randall, 1839) -(2033,pl86)
Dist: B.C. to Gulf of Calif. (21 84, p!79 , 31 7)
Coll: Puget Sound (2184, p317); central Calif. (2033, p!86)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p!86)
Petrolisthes eriomerus Stimpson, 1871 - (2033,p!86)
Dist: B.C. to Lower Calif. (21 84, pi 80, 317 )
Coll: Puget Sound, extreme low tide mark (2031, p363);
central Calif. (2033,pi 86)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , pi 86)
Petrolisthes manimaculis Glassell, 1945 (2033,p!86)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, pi 86)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p!86)
Phyllolithodes papillosus - (2184,p3l6)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to Monterey Bay (21 84, pi 53 , 31 6)
Pinnixa faba (Dana. 1851) - (2033,p!85)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to San Diego ( 21 84, p259 , 320)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033,pl85)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , pi 85), commensal in bivalves (21 84 ,p259)
Pinnixa littoralis Holmes, 1895 - (2033,p!85)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to San Diego (2184,p260)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033,p!85)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p!85)
508
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Decapoda
Pinnixa longipes ( Locking ton, 1877) (2033,p!85)
Coll: Tomales Bay to Laguna Beach (2184, p258)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p!85)
Pinnixa occidentalis Rathbun, 1893 -(2033,pl86)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to Lower Calif. ( 21 84, p262, 320)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound ( 21 84 , p320); Calif: central (2033 , pi 86)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , pi 86)
Pinnixa schmitti - (2184,p321)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to San Francisco (21 84, p264, 321)
Temp: In San Francisco, annual mean temp. 12.7° to 13. 3°
Salinity: 25.3 to 29. 6%o ( 21 84, p265)
Pinnixa tubicola Holmes, 1895 -(2033,pl86)
Dist: Washington to San Diego (2184,p266)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (21 84 , p266); Calif: central,
(2033, pi 86)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , pi 86)
Pinnotheres concha rum (Rathbun, 1893) (2033,p!86)
Dist: B.C. to San Diego (2184,p253)
Coll: Calif: central ( 2033 , pi 86)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , pi 86)
Pugettia gracilis Dana, 1851 -(2033,pl86)
Dist: Aleutians to southern Calif. (21 84, p206 , 318)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2031 , p367); central Calif.
(2033,p!86)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , pi 86)
Pugettia producta (Randall, 1839) - (2033,p!86)
Epialtus productus - (2184, p3 18 , 202)
Dist: B. C. to Lower Calif.
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound, tide pools and on eel grass
(2031, p369); Calif: central (2033 , pi 86)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , pi 86)
Pugettia richii Dana, 1851 -(2033,pl86)
Dist: B.C. to San Diego (2184,p202,318)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, pi 86)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , pi 86)
509
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Decapoda
Pylopagurus minimus (Holmes) (2184,p3l6)
See Orthopagurus minimus
Randallia ornata - (2184,p318)
Dist: Mendocino County to Magdalena Bay, Lower Calif.
(2184,pl89,318)
Rhinolithodes wosnessenskii - (2184,p317)
Dist: Kodiak, Alaska to Crescent City ( 21 84, pi 58 , 317)
Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould, 1841) -(2033,pl86)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, pi 86)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , pi 86)
Scleroplax granulata Rathbun, 1893 -(2033,pl86)
Dist: Washington to Lower Calif. (2184,p267)
Coljl: Wash: Puget Sound ( 21 84, p267); Calif: central (2033 , p!86)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , pi 86)
Scyra acutifrons Dana, 1852 (2033,p!86)
Dist: Kodiak to San Diego (21 84, p214, 319)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2184, p319); Calif: central (2033 ,p!86)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , pi 86)
Sergestes similis Hansen - (2341)
Dist: Washington to Gulf of Calif. (21 84, p20, 31 2)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Feeding Study: (2563)
Sergia tenuiremis Kr^yer - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Spirontocaris bispinosa - (2184,p313)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to San Diego, Calif. (2184, p54,313)
Hab: 13-211 fms (2184,p54)
Spirontocaris brevirostris Dana
Dist: Alaska to San Francisco Bay (2031 , p67 , 349)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound, shallow to 150 ft (2031,p349)
510
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Decapoda
Spirontocaris cristata - (2184,p314)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to San Diego (21 84, p69 , 314)
Hab: 3-33 fms (2184,p69)
Temp: In San Francisco Bay, range 7.6° to 19.4°C, surface
temp. 13. 8° to 14. 6°C (2184,p71)
Salinity: 22. 5 to 34. 3%o, surface salinity 20. 82 to 32. 29%o
(2184,P71)
Spirontocaris decora - (2184, p313)
Dist: Straits of Fuca to San Diego, Calif. ( 21 84, p6l , 31 3)
Spirontocaris flexa - (2184,p313)
Dist: Bering Sea to Drakes Bay (2184, p59 , 313)
Hab: 20-93 fms (2184, p59)
Spirontocaris gracilis - (2184,p313)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to Santa Catalina Island (21 84, p'59 , 31 3)
Temp: In San Francisco Bay, bottom temp, range 9.6° to9.8°C
(2184,P60)
Salinity: 34. 2 to 34. 3%o (2184, p60)
Spirontocaris kincaidi (2184,p313)
Dist: Puget Sound to San Pedro (21 84, p63 , 31 3)
Hab: 21 to 100 fms (2184,p63)
Spirontocaris lamellicornis - (2184,p313)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to Point Arena (2184, p53 , 31 3)
Hab: 3-77 fms (2184,p53)
Spirontocaris layi - (2184,p313)
Dist: B.C. to Monterey Bay (2184, p31 3)
Spirontocaris paludicola (Holmes, 1900) - (2033,p!85)
Dist: B.C. to San Diego (2184,p64,313)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p!85)
Spirontocaris prionota (Stimpson, 1864) - (2033,p!85)
Dist: Bering Sea to Monterey Bay (21 84, p53, 313)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , pi 85)
511
-------
ARTHROPODA - CRUSTACEA - Decapoda
Spirontocaris snyderi - (2184,p313)
Dist: Puget Sound to Pt. San Eugenio, Lower Calif. (2184,
P55,313)
Hab: Pelagic, 44-77 fms (2184,p55)
Systellaspis braueri (Balss) - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Systellaspis cristata (Faxon) (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Telmessus cheiragonus (Tilesius)
Dist: Bering Sea to Calif, (probably near northern state
boundary)(2184,p235,319)
Coll: Puget Sound (2031, p381)
Uca musica - (2184, p321)
Dist: B.C. to Gulf of Calif. (2184, p280, 321)
Upogebia pugettensis (Dana, 1852) -(2033,pl86)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to Lower Calif. ( 21 84, pi 1 5 , 31 5)
Coll: Puget Sound, burrowing; central Calif. (2033,p!86)
Class: INSECTA
Aedes squamiger (Coquillett, 1902)
Coll: San Francisco Bay (2033, p!91)
Hab: Salt marshes (2033,p!91), brackish coastal marshes
(3589,p397)
Anurida granaria (Nicolet) 1847 - (3589, p77)
Dist: Cosmopolitan (3589, p75), seashore (3589, p77)
Coll: California (3589, p77)
Food: Decaying animal or vegetable matter (3589, p75)
512
-------
ARTHROPODA - INSECTA
Anurida maritima (Guerin, 1836) - (2033, p!91)
Dist: Wide; cosmopolitan (3589, p?5)
Coll: Central Calif. (3589, p75)
Hab: Intertidal rocks (Z033,pl91), along seashore in intertidal
zone (3589, p?7)
Food: Decaying animal or vegetable matter (3589, p75)
Anurida tullbergi Schott 1891 - (3589, p77)
Dist: Cosmopolitan along seashores on rocks and in tidepools
(3589,P77)
Coll: California (3589, p77)
Food: Decaying animal or vegetable matter (3589, p77)
Aphrosylus californicus Harmston 1952 - (3589, p454)
Coll: Calif: Orange County (3589, p454)
Hab: Algae-covered intertidal rocks along seacoasts, where
adults prey on adults and larvae of midges and other
small Diptera or on small annelids (3589, p454)
Aphrosylus'direptor Wheeler, 1 897 - (Z033, pi 92)
Coll: Calif: Pacific Grove (2033, p!92); Humbolt, San Diego
(3589,p454)
Hab: Algae-covered intertidal rocks along seacoasts, where
adults prey on adults and larvae of midges and other
small Diptera or on small annelids (3589, p454)
Aphrosylus grassator Wheeler 1897
Coll: Calif: Pacific Grove (2033, pi 92) (3589, p454)
Hab: Algae-covered intertidal rocks along seacoasts (3589, p454)
Aphrosylus nigripennis (Van Duzee) 1924 - (3589, p454)
Coll: Calif: Humbolt County (3589, p454)
Hab: Algae-covered intertidal rocks along seacoasts, etc.
(3589,p454)
Aphrosylus praedator Wheeler, 1 897 - (2033, p!92)
Dist: British Columbia to Calif. (2033, p!92)
Coll: Calif: Pacific Grove, Point Loma, La Jolla, Humbolt
and Monterey Counties (2033, p!92) (3589, p454)
Hab: Algae-covered intertidal rocks along seacoasts, etc.
(3589, p454)
513
-------
ARTHROPODA - INSECTA
Aphrosylus wirthi Harmston 1952 - (3589, p454)
Coll: Calif: San Francisco, San Mateo (3589, p454)
Hab: Algae-covered intertidal rocks along seacoasts (3589, p454)
Canaceoides nudata (Cresson, 1926)
Dist: Washington to Los Angeles (2033, p!92)
Hab: Intertidal (3589, p475)
Cercyon sp. -(3589,p345)
Coll: California (3589, p345)
Hab: Under kelp and other debris on ocean beaches (3589,p345)
Remarks: May be C_. kulzeri Knisch 1922; C_. fimfriatus
Mannerheim 1852, or C_. luniger Mannerheim 1853
(3589,p346)
Corisella decolor - (3589, p!90)
Coll: California (3589, p!90)
Hab: Saline water (3589, p!90)
Corisella inscripta - (3589, p!90)
Coll: California (3589, p!90)
Hab: Saline water (3589, pi 90)
Culicoides tristriatulus Hoffman 1925 - (3589, p432)
Dist: Alaska to northern California (3589, p432)
Coll: Calif: Humbolt and Marin Counties (3589, p432)
Hab: Intertidal (3589, p432) (3590, p4)
Diaulota brevipes (Casey, 1894) - (3589) (2033, p!93)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (3589, p348)
Coll: Calif: Moss Beach (2033, p!83)
Diaulota densissima Casey, 1893-4 - (2033, p!93) (3558, p2)
Dist: Aleutian Island to Calif. (3558, p2) (3589, p348)
Coll: Wash: Willapa Bay (3587, p3); Calif: Moss Beach
(2033,p!93)
Hab: Intertidal, associated with rocky shore (3587, p3)
514
-------
ARTHROPODA - INSECTA
Endeodes spp. - (3589, p349)
Dist: British Columbia to Baja Calif. (3589, p349)
Hab: Near high tide mark but definitely in damp areas wet
regularly by high tides; found under rubbish, especially
boards; ordinarily observed running over rocks and
driftwood situated above high tide line, often frequent
intertidal area; at times covered by water (3589, p349)
Endeodes blaisdelli Moore, 1954 - (3589;p349)
Dist: British Columbia to Calif. (3589, p349)
Hab: Seashore (3589, p349)
Endeodes collaris (Leconte, 1852) -(2033,pl93)
Dist: Pacific coast (2033, p!93)
Coll: California (3589, p349)
Endeodes insularis Blackwilder 1932 - (3589, p349)
Dist: British Columbia to Baja Calif. (3589, p349)
Hab: Seashore ('3589, p349)
Endeodes rugiceps Blackwelder, 1932 - (2033, p!92)
Coll: California (2033, p!92) (3589, p349)
Entomobrya laguna Bacon 1914 - (3589, p77)
Coll: California (3589, p77)
Hab: Seashore in intertidal zone (3589, p77)
Eurystethes fuchsi (Horn, 1892) -(2033,pl93)
E_. fuschsii. 1893 - (3589, p350)
Coll: Mendocino coast and Farallon Islands (2033, p!93)
(3589, p350)
Eurystethes subopacus^ Van Dyke, 1918
Coll: Calif: Marin and San Mateo coasts (3589, p350)
Folsomia elongata (MacGillivary) 1896 - (3589, p77)
Coll: California (3589, p77)
Hab: On seashore under rocks in intertidal zone (3589, p77)
515
-------
ARTHROPODA - INSECTA
Halobisium occidentals Beier - (3587, p3)
Coll: Willapa Bay, Washington (3587, p3)
Hab: Rocky shore, intertidal (3587, p3)
Isotoma besselsii Packard - (3589, p77)
Coll: California (3589, p77)
Hab: Along seashore in intertidal zone under rocks (3589, p77)
Leptoconops kerteszi Kieffer 1908 - (3589, p428)
Coll: California (3589, p428)
Hab: Coastal salt marshes (3589, p348)
Liparocephalus brevipennis Maklin, 1853 - (2033, p!93)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (3588, pi) (3589, p348)
Coll: Calif: Moss Beach (3588, pi)
Hab: Intertidal (3588, pi), rocky shores or areas with compacted
shells (3588, p2)
Liparocephalus cordicollis L/econte, 1880 - (2033, p!93)
Dist: British Columbia to California (3588, pi)
Coll: Wash: Willapa Bay (3587, p3); Calif: (3588, pi),
Moss Beach (3589, p348)
Ochthebius holmbergi Mannerheim 1853 - (3589, p333)
Dist: Pacific coast (3589, p333)
Ochthebius vandykei Knisch, 1924 (3589, p333) (3590)
Dist: British Columbia to San Luis Obispo, Calif. (3589, p333)
Coll: Calif: San Francisco Bay (3589, p333)
Hab: Intertidal zone along seacoast (3589, p333)
Paraclunio alaskensis (Coquillett, 1900) (2033, p!92)
Dist: Alaska to San Diego (2033, p!92) (3591, pl?9)
Hab: Zone of algae-covered rocks between tide levels on
seacoast (3589, p415)
Paraclunio trilobatus Kieffer, 1911 (2033, p!92) (3589, p4l6)
Dist: Oregon and Calif. (3591,p!78)
Coll: Calif: central (2033, p!92), Monterey County (3589, p4l6)
Hab: Zone of algae-covered rocks between tide levels on sea-
coasts (3589, p41 5); lives in society of molluscs of the
genus Haliotis (3591, pi 78)
516
-------
ARTHROPODA - INSECTA
Pentacora signereti - (3589, p225) (3590)
Dist: California (3589, p225), world-wide (3589, p225)
Hab: Salt water shores along coast and at Salton Sea (3589, p225)
Pontomalota californica Casey 1885 - (3589,p348)
Dist: Washington to southern Calif. (3589, p348)
Hab: Intertidal (3589, p348)
Pontomalota luctuosa Casey - (3588,p2)
Dist: Willapa Harbor, Washington to Calif. (3588, p2)
Hab: Intertidal, exposed open sandy beaches fronting upon
the ocean (3588, p2)
Proisotoma laguna Folsom - (3589,p77)
Coll: California (3589, p77)
Hab: Intertidal zone along coast (3589, p77)
Salda - (3589, p225) (3590)
Dist: World-wide (3589, p225)
Coll: California (3589, p225)
Hab: Intertidal and along seashore (3590)
Saldula luctuosa - (3589, p225)
Dist: World-wide (3589, p225)
Coll: Salt marsh, San Francisco and Monterey Bays (3589, p225)
Hab: Seashore and intertidal zone (3590)
Telmatogeton macswaini Wirth, 1949 - (2033, p!91)
Coll: Calif: Point Cabrillo, Mendocino County (2033, pi 91)
(3589,p4l6)
Hab: Zone of algae-covered rocks between tide levels on sea-
coasts (3589, p4l6)
Tethymyia aptena Wirth 1949 - (2033, p!92)
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, pi 92)
Hab: Zone of algae-covered rocks between tide levels on sea-
coasts (3589, p415), very common during winter, in
early summer species practically disappears, not to
reappear until winter rains and cool weather begin in
November and December (3591, pl65)
517
-------
ARTHROPODA - INSECTA
Thallasotrechus^ nigripennis Van Dyke 1918
Coll: Calif: central (2033, p!92), Dillon's Beach, Marin County;
Moss Beach, San Mateo County; Carmel and Pacific
Beach, Monterey County (3589, p300)
Hab: Intertidal (3589, p299) (3590), found by splitting open
cracks in rocks (3589, p296)
Thinobius frizzelli Hatch, 1957 - (3587, pi)
Coll: British Columbia; Oakland Bay in Puget Sound; Willapa
Bay, Wash. (3587, pi, 9)
Hab: Associated with a growth of blue-green algae Lingyba
semiplana (Ag.)
Food: When tide is out, beetles may be seen moving actively
about apparently feeding on detritus; when tide is in,
they retreat to burrows in interstices of algal growth
(3587;p2)
Temp: Midsummer, 60 °F, rarely goes above 65 °F (3587, p2)
Thinusa maritima Casey, 1885 - (3558, p2)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (3589, p348)
Coll: Wash: Ilwaco and Ocean Park (3588, p3); Calif: San
Francisco, San Diego (3589, p348)
Hab: Intertidal, exposed open sandy beaches fronting upon ocean
(3588,p2)
Trichocorixa verticalis (3589, pi 89)
Coll: California (3589, p!89)
Hab: Brackish or saline water (3589, p!89)
Trochopus Carpenter, 1898 - (3589, p2l6) (3590)
Coll: Calif: Tropical American in distribution (3589, p2l6)
Hab: Marine (3589, p2l6)
PHYLUM CHAETOGNATHA
Eukrohnia bathypelagica Alvarino - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
518
-------
CHAETOGNATHA
Eukrohnia fowleri Ritter-Zahony - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Eukrohnia hamata Mobius, 1875 - (2553, p!30)
Dist: British Columbia to Oregon (2553, p!30) (2341)
Coll: Calif: Cape Mendocino to Trinidad Head (2686) from
plankton net hauls; 9/90 successful hauls contained
E_. hamata (2686, p23)
Remarks: Deep, rare, spring and summer (2553, p!30)
Krohnitta subtilis - (2686)
Coll: Calif: Cape Mendocino to Trinidad Head from plankton
net hauls; 1/90 successful hauls contained fC. subtilis
(2686,p23)
Sagitta bierii Alvarino - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341); Calif: Cape Mendocino to Trinidad Head
(2686) from plankton net hauls; 13/90 successful hauls
containedjS; bierii (2686, p23)
Sagitta decipiens Fowler - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341); Calif: Cape Mendocino to Trinidad Head
(2686) from plankton net hauls; 20/90 successful hauls
contained_S. decipiens (2686, p23)
Sagitta elegans Verrill - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Sagitta euneritica Alvarino - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341); Calif: Cape Mendocino to Trinidad Head
(2686) from plankton net hauls; 86/90 successful hauls,
S. euneritica most abundant: 85% wor-ms in study; hauls
where S. euneritica not abundant were taken after periods
of intense upwellings (2686, p23)
Sagitta macrocephala Fowler - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Sagitta minima Grassi - (2341)
Coll:- Oregon (2341)
519
-------
MOLLUSCA AMPfflNEURA
Sagitta scrippsae Alvarino - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341); Calif: Cape Mendocino to Trinidad Head
(2686) from plankton net hauls; 24/90 successful hauls
contained S_. scrippsae (2686,p23)
Sagitta zetestios Fowler, 1905 - (2553, p!30)
Dist: British Columbia (2553, p!30) to Oregon (2341)
Coll: B. C. : one speciman recorded from Bute Inlet west
coast in summer months (2553,p!30)
PHYLUM MOLLUSCA
Class: AMPHINEURA
Basiliochiton flectens Carpenter - (3090,plO)
Dist: Vancouver, British Columbia to San Diego, Calif.
Basiliochiton heathii (Pilsbry, 1898) (2033,p218)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to San Pedro, Calif.
Coll: Central Calif, coast
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p218)
Callistochiton crassiocostatus Pilsbry, 1892 -(2033)
Dist: Forrester Island, Alaska to San Diego, Calif. (2206, p!94)
(3090), 32-58°N (5591)
Chaetopleura beanii Carpenter, 1857 - (2550, p!93) (5591)
Dist: Unalaska, Alaska to Mazatlan, Mexico (2250), 23-52 °N (5591)
Chaetopleura gemma Carpenter in Pilsbry, Ig92 (2033)(3090)
Dist: Vancouver, British Columbia to Baja, Mexico (3090),
36-54°N(5591)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , p21 8)
Hab: Intertidal
Chaetopleura thamnopora Berry, 1911 - (2550,p!93)
Dist: Resurrection Bay, Alaska to San Martin Island, Lower
Calif. (2550,P193), 36-48 °N (559 1)
520
-------
MOLLUSCA - AMPHINEURA
Chlamydo chiton amiculatus Pallas. 1786 - (2550)
Dist: Kuril Islands and northern Japan to Farallones
Islands, Calif. (Newcomb) (2550, p!97)
Cryptochiton stelleri (Middendorff, 1846)
Dist: Aleutian Islands, Alaska to San Nicolas Island, Calif.
(3090), also (2550,p!97)(2585,P59)(5591,p38)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , p21 8)
Hab: Scarce in Monterey area, more common farther
north (2033,p218), rock intertidal (2031 ,p!81),
granite boulders (2588, pi 22), low tidal exposures
down to 50-60' or more (2585,p59)
Misc: Shell repair (3581)
Repro: (2031,p!81)
Excretory & Circ. Systems: (2222, p213-)
Food: Prefer thin-fronded algae as Ulva, Monostrema,
Iridia (2585, p59)
Commensals: Arctonoe uittata; Opisthopus transversus - in
gill chamber (2585, p59), see also (2588)
Temp: Kept in aquarium at 3-6° C - ceased all visible activity
(2585,P59)
Cyanoplax dentiens (Gould, 1846) (2033,p218)
Dist: Alaska to Baja, Calif. (3090, p!3) 25-50 °N ( 559 1)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033)
Hab: Intertidal (2033)
Cyanoplax hartwegii (Carpenter, 1855) -(2033,p218)
Dist: Alaska to Gulf of Calif. (3090, p!4)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , p21 8)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p21 8)
Dendrochiton thamnoporus Berry - (3090)
Dist: Alaska to Baja, Calif. , Mexico (3090, p!4)
Hanleya hanleyi Bean, 1844 (2550,p!87)
Dist: Plover Bay, Bering Strait to Monterey, Calif. , Atlantic
(2550, p!87) (3090,pl5), 36-57 °N ( 5591)
Ischnochiton albus Linne (3090)
Dist: Arctic Ocean to San Diego, Calif. (3090,pl6)
521
-------
MOLLUSCA - AMPHINEURA
Ischnochiton berry! Pall, 1919 -(2033,p218)
Coll: Central Calif, coast, intertidal (2033,p218)
Ischnochiton cooperi (Carpenter in Pilsbry, 1892)- (2033,p21 8)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , p218)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 ,p21 8)
Ischnochiton fallax Carpenter in Pilsbry, 1892 - (2033)
Dist: 28-49 °N (5591)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033, p218)
Hab: Intertidal, 85 fms (5591)
Ischnochiton heathiana (Berry, 1946) - (2033)
Ischnochiton magdalenensis - (2033)
Coll: Central Calif, coast
Hab: Common under boulders, sometimes even when these
are bedded in sand (2033,p218), host to snail
Vitrinella oldroydi Bartsch (2033 , p218)
Ischnochiton interstinctus Gould, 1846 - (2550,p!91)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to Calif.; Sitka, Alaska to Catalina
Island, Calif. (3090,pl6), 36-57 °N (5591)
Ischnochiton mertensii (Middendorff, 1846)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to San Pedro, Calif. (2550, p!92), 34-57 °N (5591)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033)
Hab: Intertidal
Ischnochiton radians Carpenter in Pilsbry, 1892 - (2033)
Dist: Prince of Wales Island, Alaska to San Pedro, Calif.
(2550,p!91), 33-58°N (5591)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033)
Hab: Intertidal
Ischnochiton retiporosus Carpenter , .1 869 -(2550,pl91)
Dist: Victoria, British Columbia to San Pedro, Calif. (2550,p!91)
(3090,p!7), 33-53°N (5591)
522
-------
MOLLUSCA - AMPfflNEURA
Katharina tunicata (Wood, 1815) -(2033)
Dist: Alaska to Catalina Island, Calif., 33-57 °N (5591 )
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033)
Hab: Exposed mid-tidal ledges, rocks (2031, p!75)
Misc: Shell repair (3581)
Food: (2031,p!75)
Lepidozona cooperi Dall (3090)
Dist: Puget Sound, Washington to Catalina Island, Calif.
(3090,P21)
Lepidazona golischi Berry, 1919 -(3003,pl2)
Dist: Oregon to Catalina Island, Calif. (3090,p21)
Coll: Oregon, 1 01-1 06m (3003)
Lepidozona mertensii Middendorff - (3090)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to Guadalupe Island, Mexico (3090)
Leptochiton internexus Carpenter in Pilsbry - (3090, p24)
Dist: Alaska to San Diego, Calif. (3090)
Leptochiton luridus Dall (3090)
Dist: Puget Sound, Washington to Panama (3090, p24)
Leptochiton oldroydi Dall (3090)
Dist: Dall Island, Alaska to San Pedro . Calif. (3090, p26)
Leptochiton rugatus Carpenter.in Pilsbry 1892 (2033)
Coll: Central Calif, coast, intertidal (2033)
Lepidochitona alba Linnaeus, 1767
Dist: Circumboreal, Arctic Ocean to San Diego, Calif.
(2550, p!88), 32-60°N (5591 ,p5)
Lepidochitona dentiens Gould, 1846 - (2550)
Coll: Puget Sound, Magdalena Bay, Socorro Island (2550, p!88)
Lepidochitona flee tens Carpenter, 1864 - (2550,p!89)
Dist: Vancouver Island to San Diego, Calif. (2550, p!89), 32-49 °N
(5591)
523
-------
MOLLUSCA - AMPHINEURA
Lepidochitona hartwegii Carpenter, 1855 -(2550,pl89)
Dist: Forrester Island, Alaska to Gulf of Calif. (2550,p!89),
35-55°N(5591)
Lepidochitona hartwegii nuttalli - (2550)
See L_. hartwegii
Lepidochitona lineata Wood, 1815 -(2550,pl88)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to San Diego, Calif. (2550,p!88), Okhotsk
Sea, northern Japan (2550,p!88)
Lepidochitona raymondi Pilsbry, 1894 - (2550,p!89)
Dist: Seward, Alaska to San Pedro, Calif. (2550,p!89), 32-60°N
(5591)
Lepidochitona ruber Linnaeus. 1767 -(2550,pl88)
Dist: Circumboreal, Arctic Ocean to Monterey, Calif. (2550)
Lepidochitona. saccharina Pall, 1878 - (2550,p!88)
Dist: Pribilof, Bering, and Aleutian Islands, in shallow water to
San Diego, Calif. , in 101 fms (2550)
Lepidochitona submarmorea Middendorff, 1846 -(2550,pl88)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to Puget Sound, Okhotsk Sea and Japan
(2550,p!88)
Lepidopleurus cancellatus Sowerby, 1839 -(2550,pl86)
Dist: Bering Strait, Sitka, Alaska to Oregon, Atlantic
(2550,p!86), 43-57°N (5591)
Lepidopleurus internexus Carpenter. 1892 -(2550,pl86)
Dist: Belkoffski, Alaska to San Diego, Calif. (2550,p!86),
32-60°N(5591)
Lepidopleurus luridus Pall, 1902 - (2550,p!87)
Dist: Puget Sound (48 fms) to Panama (1,270 fms) (2550, pi 87),
8-48°N (5591)
524
-------
MOLLUSCA - AMPHINEURA
Mopalia ciliata (Sowerby, 1840) - (2C33,p219)
Dist: Alaska to Lower Calif. 32-54 °N ( 5591 )
Coll: Central Calif, coast ( 2033 , p219)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p2l9 )
Mopalia ciliata elevata Pilsbry, 1892 - (2550,pl9'5)
Dist: Forrester Island, Alaska to Puget Sound (2550, p!95)
Mopalia ciliata wosnessenskii Middendorff, 1847 (2550, p!95)
Dist: Unalaska, Alaska to Santa Rosa Island, Calif. (2550)
Mopalia cirrata Berry
Dist: Dundas Bay, Alaska to San Francisco, Calif. (3090, p27)
Mopalia goniura Pall, 1919
Dist: Granite Cove, Port Althorp, Alaska to Puget Sound
(2550, p!96), 47-64°N (5591)
Mopalia hindsii (Reeve. 1847) -(2033)
Dist:- Alaska to Gulf of Calif. (3090), 33-60°N (5591)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033)
Hab: Tolerates silt better than most chitons, and is characteristic
of rocks and pilings in bays or estuaries
Misc: Shell repair (3581)
Food: Algae, diatoms, bryozoa, hydroids, barnacles,
sponges and molluscs (2579,p79)
Molpalia imporcata Carperter - (3090)
Dist: Alaska to La Jolla, Calif. (3090, p28)
Mopalia laevior Pilsbry - (3090)
Dist: Alaska to Olympia, Washington (3090, p29)
Mopalia lignosa (Gould, 1846) (2033,p219)
Dist: Alaska to Baja, Mexico (3090, p29), 23-57 °N ( 559 1)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , p219 )
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p219 )
Food: Algae, diatoms, bryozoa, hydroids, barnacles,
sponges and molluscs (2579,p79)
525
-------
MOLLUSCA - AMPfflNEURA
Mopalia muscosa (Gould, 1846) (2033, p219)
Dist: Shumagin Islands, Alaska to Rosairo, Lower Calif.
(2550, p!95) (3090)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033)
Hab: Intertidal (2033)
Mopalia muscosa hindsii Reeve, 1847 - (2550, p!95) (5591 , p7)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to Gulf of Calif. (2550, p!95), 32-58 °N (5591)
Mopalia muscosa laevior Pilsbry, 1918 -(2550,pl95)
Coll: Olympia, Washington (2550,pl95)
Mopalia muscosa lignosa Gould, 1846 - (2550,p!95)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to Magdalena Bay, Lower Calif. (2550)
Mopalia swanii Carpenter, 1864 - (3090)
Mopalia mucosa swanii
Dist: Shumagin Islands, Alaska to Malibu, Calif. (3090,p32)
(2550,P195)
Mopalia phorminx Berry (3090)
Dist: Vancouver, British Columbia to Monterey, Calif. (3090, p30)
Mopalia sinuata Carpenter
Dist: Alaska to Monterey , Calif. (3090, p31)
Nuttallina californica (Reeve, 1847) - (2033,p219)
Dist: Straits of Fuca to San Diego, Calif. (2550,p!89)
(3090,p32), 32-44°N (5591)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , p219)
Hab: This is commonest chiton on exposed coralline and
mussel-covered rocks; in soft stone occupies small
pits; member of Mytilus community (2233,p248)
Placiphorella velata Carpenter in Dall 1878 - (2033,p219)
Dist: Puget Sound, Washington to Baja, Calif. (3090,p34)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , p219)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p219 )
526
-------
MOLLUSCA - AMPfflNEURA
Stenoplax fallax Carpenter. 1892 -(2550,pl90)
Dist: Vancouver Island to Todos Santos Bay, Lower Calif. (3090, p35)
Stenoplax magdalenensis Hinds. 1843 (2550, p!90)
Dist: Coos Bay, Oregon to Magdalena Bay, Lower Calif. (2550)
Tonicella lineata (Wood. 1815) (2033)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to San Diego, Calif. (3090,p37), 32-56°N
(5591)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033, p219)
Hab: Abundant on coralline-encrusted, shaded rocks, well
camouflaged by its color and broken pattern
(2033,p219)
Food: Algae, diatoms, bryozoa, hydroids, barnacles, sponges
and molluscs (2579,p?9)
Tonicella saccharina Pall (3090)
Dist: Alaska to San Diego, Calif. (3090,p37)
Class: SCAPHOPODA
Cadulus californicus (Pilsbry and Sharp, 1898) -(3003,pl3)
Dist: Alaska to Ecuador (2026,pi 6), -1 to 56°N (2551)
Coll: Oregon (3003,p!3)
Cadulus hepburni - (2551)
Dist: British Columbia to Monterey, Calif. (2026, p!5), 37-61 °N
(2551)
Cadulus tolmiei - (2551)
Dist: British Columbia to Lower Calif. (2026,pl6), 30-49°N
(2551)
Dentalium inversum - (2551)
Dist: Bering Sea to Panama (2026, p9), 8-58 °N (2551)
Dentalium pretiosum (Sowerby, I860) -(3003,pl3) (Indian tooth shell)
Dist: Alaska to San Diego, Calif. (2026,p!4)
Coll: Oregon (3003, p!3)
Hab: Buried, subtidal (203 1 , p231)
527
-------
MOLLUSCA - SCAPHOPODA
Dentalium rectius (Carpenter, 1864) (3003,p!3)
Dist: Alaska to Panama (2026,p!2), 8-56°N (2551)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound ( 2026, pi 2); Oregon (3003 , p!3)
Dentalium vallicolens - (2551)
BTsT: Washington to Gulf of Calif. (2026,p!3), 23-28 °N ( 2551)
Class: PELECYP.ODA
Family: Nuculidae
Acilia castrensis Hinds, 1843 (3003,p!4)
Dist: Bering Sea to San Diego, Calif. (2009, p!4), 28-64°N
(5591), 30-64°N(2551)
Coll: Oregon, 64-1 00m (3003), 30-300 fms ( 5591 , p9)
Nucula carlottensis Pall, 1897 - (2551)
Dist: British Columbia to southern Calif. (2209,p!3),
34-54°N(2551) (5591)
Nucula linki Pall, 1916 (2551)
Pist: British Columbia to Mexico (2209, pi 2), 23-55 °N (2551)
(5591)
Nucula tenuis Montagu 1808 (2551)
Pist: Pt. Barrow, Alaska to southern Calif. (2209, pi 2),
32-73°N(2551)(5591)
Family: Nuculanidae
Nuculana acuta Conrad 1831 - (2551)
Pist: Aleutians to Gulf of Calif. (2209,pi 6), 21-52 °N (2551) (5591)
Nuculana_ austini (Oldroyd) (2551)
Pist: 48-49°N (5591), 49°N (2551)
528
-------
MOLLUSCA - PELECYPODA - Nuculanidae
Nuculana cellulita Pall 1896 (2551)
Dist: 48-55°N (5591)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2209 , pi? )
Nuculana conceptionis (Pall, 1896) - (2551)
Dist: 33-56°N (5591) (2551)
Nuculana hamata Carpenter, 1869 - (2551)
Dist: Puget Sound to Panama Bay (2209,p24), 8-48°N (2251) (5591)
Nuculana leonina (Pall, 1896) - (2551)
Pist: Juna de Fuca, Washington to 36 °N (2209 , p21), 36-55°N
(5591), 36-58°N (2551)
Coll: 10-1100 fms (5591)
Nuculana minuta (Fabricus, 1776) - (2551)
Pist: Arctic Ocean to San Piego, Calif. (2209,p!5), 33-72°N
(2551) (5591)
Coll: 20-200 fms (5591)
Nuculana penderi (Pall. 1910) (2551)
Pist: British Columbia to Santa Barbara, Calif. (2209,p!8),
34-60°N, 10-100 fms (5591)
Yoldia amygdalae Valenciennes, 1846 - (2584,p58)
Pist: South of Bering Sea to northern Calif. (2584, p58)
Coll: Georgia Strait off San Juan Island; Cape Mendocino and
others (2584,p58)
Hab: Mud bottoms to depths of + 100 fms
Food: Important in benthic food chains. Found in stomachs of
bottom feeding fishes (2584, p58)
Yoldia cecinella Pall, 1916 - (2551)
Pist: Aleutian Islands to Gulf of Calif. (2209,p34), 23-55 °N,
10-50 fms (2551) (5591)
Yoldia ensifera Pall. 1897 - (2551)
Pist: Alaska to San Piego, Calif. (2209,p34), 36-56°N,
10-250 fms (2551) (5591)
Yoldia gardneri Oldroyd, 1935
See also Y_. amygdalae, Y_. lima tula
Pist: 49 °N (2551)
Coll: B.C.: Pender Harbour, 4 fms (5591)
Yoldia limatula Say 1831
Yoldia limatula gardneri (Oldroyd, 1935)
Pist: Arctic Ocean to San Piego, Calif. (2209,p31), 33-72°N
(2551), 15-30 fms (5591)
Coll: Oregon, 118-1829m ( 3003, p!4)
529
-------
MOLLUSC A - PELECYPODA Glycymerididae
Yoldia martyria Pall 1897 - (2551)
Dist: Alaska to Gulf of Calif. (2209,p29), 23-55 °N, 120 fms
(2551)
Yoldia montereyensis - (2551)
Dist: Alaska to San Diego, Calif. (2209,p29), 33-56 °N, 100 fms
(2551) (559D
Yoldia myalis (Couthouy 1838)
Dist: 48-72 °N, Arctic Ocean to Puget Sound (2209, p30)
Hab: Subtidal, 50 fms (255 1) (559 1)
Yoldia orcia Pall, 1916
Dist: Tillamook Bay, Oregon to San Diego, Calif. (2209, p34),
33-46°N (2551)
Yoldia jsanesia Pall 1916
Pist: Alaska to Pt. Conception, Calif. (2209, p34), 34-55°N
(2551) (559D
Yoldia scissurata Pall 1897 (2551)
Dist: Arctic Ocean to Puget Sound (2209,p31), 48-72°N,
10-200 fms (2551) (5591)
Yoldia thraciaeformis (Storer, 1838)
Dist: Arctic to Oregon (2209, p27), 44-72 °N, 20-200 fms (255 1)
(5591)
Yoldia vancouverensis Smith, 1880
Dist: 49-50 °N (2551), 40 fms (5591)
Family: Glycymerididae
Glycymeris j:orteziana Pall. 1916
Pist: Alaska to Cortez Bank, Calif. (2209,p42), 33-55 °N,
10-60 fms (2251) (5591)
Glycymeris migueliana Pall. 1916
Pist: Cape Blanco, Oregon to Lower Calif. (2209,p43), 25-55 °N
(2551) (5591)
Glycymeris jmbobsoleta Carpenter. 1864
Pist: Aleutians to Cortez Bank, Calif. (2209,p42) 48-56°N
(2551), 33-56 °N, 1-35 fms (559 1)
530
-------
MOLLUSCA - PELECYPODA - Philobryidae
Family: Philobryidae
Philobrya setosa Carpenter 1872 - (2551)
Dist: Alaska to Gulf of Calif. (2209,p50), 23-55 °N (2551) (559 1)
Hab: Intel-tidal, 10 fms (5591)
Family: Mytilidae
Botula californiensis (Philippi. 1847)
Dist: 32-54°N (5591)
Coll: Ore: abundant at Nelscott, Alsea Bay, other points
(2344,p2); central Calif, coast
Hab: Intertidal
Botula diegensis Dall 1911
Dist: 23-48 °N (2551) (5591)
Hab: Intertidal
Botula falcata (Gould, 185 1) - (2033, p235 )
Dist: Oregon to California
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Yaquina reef, dredged, Boiler Bay,
Yaquina Bay (3623); Calif: central coast, Cape San Lucas,
Baja Calif. (2227,p51)
Hab: In rocks in burrows of pholads (2227, p51), along coast
where soft clay, shale, rocks
Temp. &Salinity: Faster development rate and greatest
number of normal individuals occur at salinity of 33.2%o
and temp, of 15 °C. Development ceased at 5°C and
20 °C. Spawning season unknown (3623)
Crenella columbiana Dall 1897 - (2551)
Dist: Aleutians to San Diego, Calif. (2209,p80), 33-55°N
(2551) (5591)
Crenella decussata (Montagu 1808)
Dist: Bering Sea to San Diego, Calif. (2209, p79), 33-60 °N
(5591) (2551), 5-50 fms
Modiolaria corrugata (Stimpson 1851)
Dist: 48-72 °N, 5-20 fms (2551) (5591)
Modiolaria nigra (Gray 1824)
Dist: Arctic Ocean to Oregon (2209,p74), 44-72 °N (255 1) (559 1)
Hab: Intertidal, 50 fms
531
-------
MOLLUSCA - PELECYPODA Mytilidae
Modiolaria obesa - (2551)
May = nigra
Dist: 48-72 °N (2551)
Modiolaria olivacea Ball, 1916 - (2551)
Dist: Bering Sea to Catalina Is. , Calif. (2209, p75), 34-60 °N
(2551), 10-100 fms (5591)
Modiolaria protracta Dall,. 1916
Dist: Bering Sea to Monterey (2209, p?5), 37-60 °N (255 1),
2-10 fms (5591)
Modiolaria substriata (Gray, 1824) - (2551)
Dist: Arctic Ocean to Puget Sound (2209, p77), 48-72 °N (2551)
(5591)
Hab: Subtidal, 80 fms
Modiolaria taylori Dall, 1897 (2551)
Dist: 48-54°N (5591), 49°N (2551)
Hab: Intertidal, 5 fms
Modiolus flabellatus (Gould, 1850) (2551)
Volsella flabellata (Gould 1850) - (2227, p49)
Dist: Vancouver Island, B.C. to San Diego Bay, Calif. (2227,p49),
33-49°N(2551)
Hab: Muddy bays, lagoons, and more quiet offshore -waters.
Lives entirely in mud with posterior shell tips only above
mud (2227,p49)
Modi olus fornicatus Carpenter. 1865
Dist: 32-48°N, 32-52 °N (255 1), 10-80 fms (559 1)
Modiolus modiolus Linnaeus 1758
Dist: Alaska to San Pedro (3814,p220) (2209,p68), 27-72°N
(2551) (5591)
Hab: Solitary species; partly buried in sandy mud or gravel
(3814,p220), 2-60 fms; deep water kelp holdfasts (2031, p!99)
Econ: Edible but not abundant (3814 )
Feeding: (2031, p!99)
Modiolus rectus Conrad. 1837 - (2033,p236) (3804, pi 19 )
Dist: B. C. to Lower Calif. (3814) (3804)
Hab: Intertidal, grows solitary in sand, gravel, or mud (3804, pl!9)
(3814,p220)
Description: (3814)
Econ: Edible but not abundant
532
-------
MOLLUSCA - PELECYPODA Mytilidae
Mytilus trossulus Gould. 1850 (2251)
Dist: 37-48°N (2551)
MYtilus californianus Conrad, 1837 - (2031) (2033) (2227) (3753) (2236)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to Socorro Island, Mexico (2209 p66)
Coll: B.C.; Ore: Ecola Pt. (2344) (2345), Tillamook, 'cannon
Beach; central Calif, coast (2033)
Hab: Intertidal; pounding surf, exposed coast; attached to
rocks; ecological succession of habitat in Monterey
Bay. On Oregon coast at almost every point rocks large
enough to gain foothold; open coast, below tideline.
Remarks: See Volume I for an intensive literature survey on
this species.
Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758
Dist: Cosmopolitan; Arctic Ocean to Baja Calif. (2224 p219)
28-74°N (2551)(5591) (2227,p53)
Coll: B.C.: (3804, pi 19 ); Ore: (2344) (2345), Sunset Bay,
Tillamook Head Sound in protected bays (2345, p!88);
central Calif, coast ( 2033 , p236)
Hab: Prefers quiet water, found there attached to rocks,
boulders, piles and floats; masses below half tide
(3804,pl!8); intertidal (2033,p236); 5 fms (2209,p66);
pilings, rocks, splash zone (2031,pl95); rocky shores,
mud-bottomed bays, predominates in quiet waters
(3753,p48); also (2224, P219) (2227,P53)
Description & Photo: (3804,P118); (2224,p219) (2227,P53)
Population Dynamics: (3750, p!98)
Economics: Edible (3804 , pi 19), cultivated in Europe for
food, here as fish bait, seldom eaten (2227 , p53)
Habits: Crawling-out behavior (1) adaptation to physical
environment (2) facilitates distribution (3) gives
initial competitive advantage over other mussels
(3753,p48)
Temp: Susvival of sp. under reduced O2 and chlorinity at
15-16°C in lab (3810,p384); calcification rate varies
directly with temp, and salinity thresholds found; at
32%o salinity calcification occurred between 5-23. 5°C;
at 18. 5°C, calcification proceeded from 20-37%0 salinity
(2702, p432); evidence indicates spawning related to
water temp. ; specimens in protected bays spawn earlier
than those more exposed to colder waters (2345, p!99)
See also Chapter 20
p. 273
533
-------
MOLLUSCA - PELECYPODA - Ostreidae
Septifer bifurcatus (Conrad, 1837) - (2033,p236)
Dist: Crescent City, Calif, to Gulf of Calif. (2209, p67),
Z3-42°N (2551)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , p236)
Hab: Inter tidal
Volsella see Modiolus (Volsella suppressed by ICZN, 1955 No. 791)
Family: Ostreidae
The various species of Ostrea and Crassostrea are generally bay
and estuarine forms, but are included herein because they occasionally
occur along the open coastline. The oyster literature has not been
searched rigorously.
Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1795) Pacific Oyster (3804, pi 22)(2227 , p39)
Ostrea gigas
Dist: British Columbia (3804, pi 22) to Morro Bay, Calif.
Coll: B. C. : Vancouver Island; Wash: Puget Sound
Hab: Intertidal
Feeding: (2031,p!85)
Reproduction: (2031, p!95)
Misc: Imported from Japan as "seed" oysters; some natural
spawning (3804, pi 23)
Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin 1791) - (2227,p40) (5591)
Dist: British Columbia to Morro_Bay, Calif. (2227,p40)
Remarks: Introduced in San Francisco Bay
Ostrea lurida Carpenter, 1864
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to Cape San Lucas, Baja Calif. (2209,p50)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2031); Oregon (381 3 , p!8);
central Calif, coast (2033)
Hab: Intertidal; inlets and bays "attached to shells of
previous generations or any firm surface which will
hold them out of the mud;" natural bed: 6 oysters to
acres; found "between channel bottoms and on mud
flats at about three-foot tide level. "
Ostrea laticuadata Carpenter, 1864
Dist: 23-48°N (2551)
534
-------
MOLLUSCA - PELECYPODA - Pectinidae
Family: Pectinidae
Chlamys hericius (Gould. 1850) - (5591) (2551) (2031)
Chlamys ha status hericius - (3003,p!3)
Pec ten hericius - (2033,p236)
Dist: Alaska to San Diego (2552,p364), 42-58°N (5591)
(2209.P52)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2031); Ore: 46m; central Calif.
coast
Hab: Dredged in shallow water; the pectens listed here
are common farther north; several other species
are about equally common in Monterey Bay, all
subtidal and seldom seen (2033,p236)
Chlamys hindsii (Carpenter. 1864) - (3003,pl!3)
Chlamys hind si
Dist: Bering Sea to San Diego. Calif. (2209,p53), 34-55°N,
34-60°N(2551) (5591)
Coll: Oregon, 46m; central Calif, coast
Hab: Intertidal (2033), subtidal ( 2031)
Hinnites giganteus Gray, 1825 - (2224, p2l6) (3814,p2l6)
Dist: Alaska to Lower Calif. (2224,p2l6) (2209,p63)
Hab: "Attached to rocks and shells below high tide line
on the outer coast in somewhat sheltered places"
(2224)
Description: (2224)
Econ: Used locally for food (2224)
Hinnites multirugosus (Gale, 1928) - (2033) (2551) (2227) (2031)
Dist: Queen Charlotte Island, B. C. to Abreojos Point,
Baja Calif. (2227,p41)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , p236)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p236); young are free swimming,
adults attached (2031,pl21); below high tide line on
outer coast in somewhat sheltered places over
100'; in northern Calif, shallower than southern
Calif. (2227,p41)
Econ: Large adductor muscle all used (2227,p41), one of
finest
Life Cycle: Swims; when slightly over an inch in diameter ,
becomes permanently attached to a suitable rock or
other stationary object (2227,p41)
535
-------
MOLLUSCA - PELECYPODA - Anomiidae
Pecten caurinus Gould, 1840 (3003) ( 2552) (5591) (2227 , p44)
Patinopecten caurinus (Gould, 1850)
Dist: Alaska to Humbolt Bay, Calif.
Coll: Ore: 119m (3003), Siletz Bay ( 2209 , p57), 25-65 fms
(3408); Calif: Eureka (2552, p316), 41-57°N, 6-90 fms
(5591), Humboldt Bay (2552)
Pecten vancouverense
Pseudamusium vancouverense Whiteanes, 1893 -(2551)
Dist: Bering Sea to San Diego (2209 = p60), 33-58°N (2551)
Propeamussium alaskense, Dall 1871
Pseudamusium. alaskense
Dist: 34-56°N, 50-200 fms (5591 , p43)
Family: Anomiidae
Pododesmus cepio (Gray 1849) (2227,p45)
Dist: British Columbia to San Quintin Bay, Baja Calif. (2227)
Hab: "Live singly or attached to rocks. . . most frequently
observed on shells of living abalones;" most often
on Haliotis rufescens (2227 , p45)
Misc: Edible (2224)
Pododesmus macroschisma (Deshayes, 1839) - (2033,p235) (3814,p217)
(2031)
Dist: Alaska to Lower Calif. (2224,p217), 30-57 °N ( 2551)
(5591)(2209,p65)
Coll: Central Calif, coast
Hab: Intertidal
Misc: Edible (2227)
Family: Chamidae
Chama pellucida (Broderip 1834) (2033,p236); (Sowerby, 1835 - (2227,p58)
Dist: Oregon to Chile (2227, p58), 6 °S to 44°N (2551 , p!9) (2209 , pH8)
Coll: Central Calif, coast
Hab: Intertidal; open coast, seldom in qui et waters; attached
to rocks, planks, and other solid objects (2227,p58)
Misc: Edible
536
-------
MOLLUSCA - PELECYPODA - Chamidae
Pseudochama exogyra (Conrad, 1837) (2033,p236)
Dist: 8-45°N (2551), 8-53 °N ( 5591), Oregon to Panama
(2227,P59)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 . p236)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p236), open coast attached to solid
objects (2227,p59)
Description & Photo: (2227, p58)
Use: Excellent flavor but not used because small amount
of flesh and difficult to remove flesh (2227,p59)
Family: Asteridae
Astarte compacta Carpenter 1864
Dist: Alaska to Puget Sound (2209, pi 04), 48-57 °N (2551)
10-70 fms (5591)
Astarte esquimalti Baird 1863 - (2551)
Dist: Alaska to Puget Sound (2209,p!08), 48-60°N (5591)
Family: Carditidae
Cardita alaskana (Dall 1903) - (2551)
Dist: 62°N(2551)
Cardita crebricostata Krause, 1885 - (2551)
Dist: Alaska to central Calif. (2209, pi 14), 37-72°N (2551) (559 1)
Hab: Intertidal to 20 fms
Cardita paucicostata Krause 1885 - (2551)
Dist: Arctic Ocean to Washington (2209,pH3), 48-72°N
(2551)(5591)
Cardita prolongata Carpenter 1864 (2551)
Dist: Alaska to San Diego, Calif. (2209, pH5), 33-59 °N (2551)
(5591)
537
-------
MOLLUSCA - PELECYPODA - Carditidae
Cardita stearnsii Pall 1902 - (2551)
Dist: Puget Sound (2209, pl 12), 48 °N (2551)
Cardita ventricosa (Gould, 1850) - (2551)
Venericardia ventricosa - (3003,p!4)
Dist: 32-55°N, 10-100 fms (2551), Alaska to San Diego, Calif.
(2209,pH4), 32-57°N
Coll: Oregon, 118-512m (3003,p!4)
Glans carpenteri (Lamy, 1922) - (2551)
Dist: 32-55°N (5591) (2551)
Hab: Intertidal to 80 fms (5591)
Family: Erycinidae
Lasaea subviridis Pall, 1899 -(2551)
Dist: 30-40°N (2551)
Coll: Ore: Seal Rock to Salmon River
Hab: Upper intertidal on rock faces; associated with M.
californianus beds (2061)
Misc: Ecology and behavior (2061)
Family: Kelliidae
Bornia retifera Pall. 1899 -(5591,pl2)
Pist: 34-50°N (5591)
Hab: Intertidal, 10 fms
Kellia cistula (Keen, 1938)
Lasaea cistula - (2033,p237)
Pist: 30-54°N (5591 ,p23)
Coll: Central Calif, coast
Hab: Intertidal, 8-10 fms
Kellia laperousii (Peshayes, 1839) - (2033)
Pist: Bering Sea to San Diego, Calif. (2209,p!31), 20-60°N
(2551)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , p237)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p237)
538
-------
MOLLUSCA - PELECYPODA - Leptonidae
Kellia rubra. Montagu 1804 (5591)
Dist: 8-56°N (2551), 12-54°N (5591
Coll: Central Calif, coast
Hab: Inter tidal
Family: Leptonidae
Chironia suborbicularis (Montagu, 1804) - (5591 ,p!5)
Dist: Aleutians to Panama (2209; pi 31), 8-60°N, 10-150 fms
(5591)
Chironia meroeum ( Carpenter , 1864)
Lepton meroeum - (2551)
Dist: 33-48°N (2551)
Family; Montacutidae
Mysella aleutica (Pall, 1899)
Roche for tia aleutica - ( 2551)
Dist: Bering Sea to Lower Calif. (2209, p!34), 32-60°N (2551 )
Mysella compressa (Pall, 1913)
Rochefortia compressa (2551)
Dist: Alaska to Gulf of Calif. (2209, p!34), 23-55°N(2551)
Mysella tumida (Carpenter, 1864)
Rochefortia tumida - (2551)
Dist: Alaska to San Diego (2209;pl32), 28-55°N (5591)
Coll: Calif: Tomales Bay (2578, p72)
Hab: Size negatively associated with sediment size (i.e. , not
turbidity sensitive) (2578), 10-40 fms (5591)
Food: Copepods, diatoms (2578)
Pseudopythina compressa Pall, 1899
P'ist: Arctic Ocean to Aculpulco, Mexico (2209, p!36), 16-70°N
(2551)
539
-------
MOLLUSCA - PELECYPODA Vesicomyacidae
Pseudopythina myaciformis Pall, 1916 (2551)
Dist: Puget Sound (2209,p!36), 48°N(2551)
Pseudopythina rugifera (Carpenter, 1864) - (2033,p237)
Dist: Alaska to Lower Calif. , 37-48°N (2582,p43)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033)
Hab: Ciliary mechanism of ctenida suggests it lives in
silt or muddy substrate; lives attached to ventral
surface of Aphrodita or Upogebia (2582, p49)
Food: Large size of stomach and style sac is adaptive for
ingestion of large quantities of bottom material (2582, p51)
Repro: Female specimens taken in April had gills filled with
developing embryos (2582,p49)
Family: Vesicomyacidae
Calyptogena pacifica Pall, 1891 -(2551)
Pist: Alaska to southern Calif. (2209,pll6), 34-56 °N (2551)
Vesicomya lepta Pall, 1896 - (2551)
Pist: Off Tillamook, Oregon to Gulf of Calif. (2209, pi 47),
23-45°N (2551)
Vesicomya ovalis Pall. 1895 (2551)
Pist: Alaska to Panama (2209, p!48), 8-56°N(2551)
Family: Turtoniidae
Turtonia minuta (Fabricius, 1780) - (5591)
Pist: Bering Sea to Lower Calif. (2209. pi 39), 25-63 °N (5591)
Family: Lucinidae
Lucinoma annulata (Reeve. 1850)
Lucina annulata - (2551)
Pist: Alaska to Lower Calif. (2209, p!26), 32-58 °N (2551)
540
-------
MOLLUSCA - PELECYPODA Thyasiridae
Lucinoma californica (Conrad, 1837)
Lucina californica (2551)
Dist: Crescent City, Calif, to Lower Calif. (2209,p!27)
27-42°N (2551)
Lucinoma densilirata (Pall, 1919) (2551)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (2209,pl27), 35-57 °N (2551)
Lucinoma tenuisculpta (Carpenter, 1864) - (2551)
Dist: Bering Sea to Lower Calif. (2209,p!28), 32-60 °N (2551)
Family: Thyasiridae
Axinopsida serricatus (Carpenter, 1864)
Axinopsis serricatus - (2551)
Dist: Aleutians to Catalina Island (2209, pi 23), 34-56 ° N ( 2551)
Axinopsida viridis (Pall, 1901)
Axinopsis viridis - (2551)
Dist: Arctic Ocean to Lower Calif. (2209 , pi 23), 32-72 °N ( 2551)
Thyasira barbarensis Dall, 1889 (2551)
Dist: Straits of Juan de Fuca to Lower Calif. (2209,pl20),
23-48°N (25 51)
Thyasira disjuncta (Gabb, 1869) - (2551)
Dist: 44-56°N (2551)
Remarks: Probably a fossil species may be a synonym of
T. bisecta (5591,p51)
Thyasira excavata Pall. 1901 (2551)
Dist: Oregon to Gulf of Calif. (2209, pi 22), 23-45 °N (2551)
Thyasira gouldii Philippi, 1845 (2551)
Dist: Bering Straits to San Diego (2209, pi 21), 33-64° N (2551)
Thyasira polygona Jeffreys, 1863 -(2551)
Dist: Gulf of Alaska to San Diego (2209, pi 21), 33-61 °N (2551)
541
-------
MOLLUSCA - PELECYPODA - Cardiidae
Thyasira trisinuata Orbingy, 1846
Dist: Alaska to San Diego (2209,p!21), 33-57°N (2551)
Family: Diplodonidae , See Ungulinidae
Family: Ungulinidae
Taras orbella (Gould, 1852)
Diplodonta orbella Gould, 1852
Dist: Pribiloff Islands to Gulf of Calif. (2209, pi 24), 23-57°N
Hab: Intertidal to 100 fms
Family: Cardiidae
Clinocardium blandum (Gould, 1850) - (2551)
Dist: 48°N(2551)
Clinocardium ciliatum (Fabricius 1780) - (2551)
Dist: 48-72°N (2551)
Clinocardium fucanum (Pall, 1907) -(2551)
Dist: 37-57°N (2551)
Clinocardium nuttalli (Conrad. 1837) - (2551) (2571,p57)
Basket cockle, quahog (2227,p57), Heart cockle (3814,p221)
Cockle (3804, pi 25)
Dist: 33-60°N (2551), Bering Sea to San Diego (2552, p403)
(2227,p57), Puget Sound to Mexico (3814,p221)
Coll: B.C.: (3804, pi 25); Ore: (3813 , pi 0), 46m (3003 , pi 3),
Tillamook, Yaquina, Netarts, Coos Bays and others
(2345,p!87), dredged in 5-12 1/2 fms off Coos Bay
to Newport, reported to be common off Umpqua, 10-
15 fms (3412)
Hab: Tide flats in inlets and bays, also beaches (3814, p221);
sandy beaches buried beneath sand between tide marks
(2031,p201), intertidal (2033,p237); found in bays
542
-------
MOLLUSCA - PELECYPODA - Veneridae
Clinoeardrum, nuttalli (Conrad, 1837) continued
Hab: continued (2571 , p57) (2345, p!87); often found exposed
on tide-flats among eel grass (3804, pi 25); commonly
associated with Schizothaerus nuttalli and Paphya
Habits: Active diggers, but short siphons do not allow them
to burrow to great depths (3814, p221); lives on mud
surface, or just below ( 2227 , p57)
Repro: Hermaphroditic--late fall and winter sexes hard to
determine, sex elements begin to appear in spring,
spawning from middle to latter part of September;
October to March reproductive organs pass through
phases of of reorganization (2345, p!97)
Econ: While it is not abundant, it is considered to be
excellent food (3804, pi 25); highly esteemed for food
(2227,P57)
Nemocardium centrifilosum (Carpenter, 1863) - (3003,p!4)
Dist: Alaska to Lower Calif. (2209, p!46) (2552,p399),
30-38°N(2551)
Coll: Oregon, 1 01 -106m (3003 , p!4)
Nemocardium richardsoni Whiteaves. 1878) - (2551)
Dist: British Columbia to San Francisco (2209,p!47), 38-55°N
(2551)
Serripes groenlandicus (Bruguiere, 1789) -(2551)
Dist: Arctic to Puget Sound (2209,p!45), 48-72°N (2551)
Family: Veneridae
Compsomyax subdiaphana (Carpenter, 1864) - (2551)
Dist: Alaska to San Pedro, Calif. (2209, pi 56), 34-56°N (2551)
Mercenaria kennicottii (Da 11, 1 87 1)
Venus kennicottiiDall, 1871 -(2551)
Dist: Neah Bay, Washington to Mendocino, Calif. (2209,p!55),
40-48°N (2551 ,p54)
Hab: Intertidal
543
-------
MOLLUSCA - PELECYPODA - Veneridae
Venus mercenaria Linnaeus 1758 - (2227,p6l)
Mercenaria mercenaria
Dist: British Columbia to Humboldt Bay, Calif. (2227,p6l)
Hab: Beneath surface in sand or sandy mud in intertidal
zone of bay (2227, p6l)
History: Possible introduction from Atlantic stock shipment,
may be supposed native species Venus kennicotti
(Ball 1871) (2227,p6l)
Econ: Highly esteemed for food on Atlantic Coast: heavy
sport and commercial fishery there. Shipped to
Calif; used as wampum by Indians in early days
(2227,p6l)
Salinity: (3629)
Protothaca staminea
Paphia staminea Conrad
Dist: Alaska to Mexico (3814,p225) (2209, p!57), 23-73°N
(2551)
Coll: B.C.: (3804, pi 20), along coast of Strait of Juan
de Fuca (2730, p234); Wash: northwest coast
(2345,p!84); Ore: in larger bays as Tillamook,
Netarts, Yaquina, Coos (2345,p!84), 70-80m
(3003,p!4), (3813,p!3); Calif: central coast
(2033,P237)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p237), bays (2571 , p57), gravel-mud
beds (3813,p!3), beaches of coarse sand or fine
gravel, low intertidal (2231 , p254), coarse, sandy
mud of bays, sloughs, and estuaries --2"-3" below
surface; on open coast on rocky points or reef of
small cobbles with a coarse sand underneath (2227 ,
p66), sandy beaches and on gravel bars and reefs
near entrances of bays and inlets (3814, p225)
Population Dynamics: (3750,p!93)
Predators: Forreria belcheri, Shaskyus festivus (3750, pl97)
Food: Suspension feeder (3740, p!96)
Growth: Most rapid on beaches exposed to strong tidal
currents where food supply adequate and constant
(2231,p265)
Repro: Spawning both spring and late summer (2345, p!95);
half spawn at end of 2nd year when 25 mm, half
spawn at end of 3rd year when 35 mm (2231 ,p267),
spawn February and March in Strait of Georgia
(2231,p268)
544
-------
MOLLUSCA - PELECYPODA - Veneridae
Protothaca staminea - continued
Econ: Commercially important (2571 ,p57), harvested
commercially for fresh market (3804, pi 21), highly
esteemed for food--sought by Calif, sport and
commercial diggers (2227, p66)
Temp: Tolerance to high temp, or rapid temp, change;
little known (2730,p247)
Note: Dredging of Yaquina Bay largely destroyed clam (2345,
pi 84)
Psephidia lordi Baird, 1863 -(2551)
Dist: Alaska to Lower Calif. (2209,p!6l), 33-55 °N (2551)
Psephidia ovalis Pall, 1902 - (2551)
Dist: Bering Sea to San Diego (2209,pl'6l
33-57°N (2551)
Saxidomus brevis - (2551)
Dist: Alaska to Tacoma (2209,p!53), 47-58°N (2551)
Note: The northern species should be S_. giganteus , those
south of 45° S_. brevis (5591 ,p45)
Saxidomus giganteus Deshays 1839 - (5591)
Subspecies of S_. nuttalli (559 1 , p46)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to Monterey, Calif. (2209,p!53)
(3814,p223), 37-56°N (2551)
Coll: B.C.: (3804, pi 19 ); Puget Sound: ( 2031 , p203), along
coast of Strait of Juan de Fuca (2730, p234); Ore:
(3813,plZ);
Hab: 8-10 inches in mud flats of all bays and inlets (3814,p223);
characteristic of ocean beaches or sand and gravel
beds of bays with direct circulation from ocean
(2345,p!86); 10-14" in mud or sandy mud of bays,
estuaries, lagoons in areas usually exposed at low
tide (2227,p63); 6-12" beneath surface of gravel-mud
beds, Oregon has few beds due to lack of suitable
habitat (3813, pi 2); growth more rapid where exposed
to strong tidal currents (2232, p277)
Econ: Important in Netarts Bay, Yaquina Bay, Sunset Bay
(2345,p!86); main support of clam-digging industry
(3804,p!20); highly esteemed for food (2227,p63)
545
-------
MOLLUSCA - PELECYPODA - Veneridae
Saxidomus giganteus Deshays 1839 continued
Food: Plankton feeder ( 3802, p287)
Repro: 1 /2 spawn after 3rd year (45 mm) and 1 /2 spawn
after 4th year (55 mm), gametes mature all summer--
spawning may be in July and August (2232, p277);
spawns in summer (3804, pi 20); hint that minimum
temp, necessary for spawning (2232, p276); spawning
(2345,p!98)
Temp: Tolerance to high temp, or rapid temp, changes
little known.
Saxidomus nuttalli Conrad 1837
Dist: Humboldt Bay, Calif, to San Quintin Bay, Baja Calif. (2227,p64)
Hab: 12-18" in mud, sand, sandy mud of bays, lagoons,
estuaries; exposed at low tide (2227, p64)
Ecology: Humboldt Bay (3380)
Transennella tantilla (Gould, 1852) -(2033,p237)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to Lower Calif. (2209, pi 50), 27-57 °N (2551)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , p237 )
Hab: Inter tidal and subtidal (2578,p73)
Misc: Sediment size not a controlling factor on distribution,
size or abundance (2578,p75)
Food: Suspension feeder, diatoms, Navicula, Bidulphia,
Coscinodiscus (2578,p73)
Venerupis kennerleyi (Carpenter)
Marcia kennerleyi (2031, p221)
Humilaria kennerleyi - (2551)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. (2209,p!50), 37-57 ° N (2551)
Hab: Burrowing (2031 , p221)
Venerupis semidecussata
Venerupis japonica (Deshayes) - (3804,p!20) (2571,p57)
Dist: British Columbia to Elkhorn Slough, Calif. (2227), 37-55°N
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033, p237), along coast of Strait
of Juan de Fuca (2730,p247)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p237), coarse muddy sand of bays, sloughs,
estuaries, less than 2" below surface (2227,p67)
Temp: Tolerances to high temp, or rapid changes little
known (2730,p247)
Misc: Commercially important (3804, pi 20), probably
arrives with seed oysters from Japan (3804, pi 20)
546
-------
MOLLUSCA - PELECYPODA - Cooperellidae
Venerupis? tenerrima
Protothaca tenerrima (Carpenter 1856) - (2227, p65); Carpenter
1865) - (2033)
Dist: British Columbia to Magdalena Bay, Baja Calif.
(2227), 23-49°N (5591)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033,p237)
Hab: Mostly found in firm, sandy mud of bays, sloughs
and estuaries at 10-16" (2227,p65); intertidal (2033)
Family: Petricolidae
Petricola carditoides Conrad, 1837 - (2033, p"237)
Dist: British Columbia to Loma, Calif. (2209, pi 63),
25-49°N (5591)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033)
Hab: Intertidal
Family: Cooperellidae
Cooperella subdiaphana Carpenter, 1864
Dist: British Columbia to Gulf of Calif. (2209,pl63),
23-53°N (2551)
Family: Mactridae
Mactra californica Conrad, 1837 - (2033,p237) (2227)
Dist: British Columbia to Magdalena Bay, Baja Calif.
(2227), 24-48°N (2551)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033,p237)
Hab: Fine sand or firm muddy sand, particularly near bays,
lagoons, estuaries; not common anywhere -within
range (2227,p86)
Schizothaerus - see Tresus
547
-------
MOLLUSCA PELECYPODA - Mactridae
Spisula alaskana Pall, 1894 - (2551)
Dist: Arctic Ocean to Puget Sound (2209 , p!93), 48-69 °N (2551)
Spisula catilliformis Conrad, 1867 - (2551)
Dist: Washington to San Diego (2209, p!94), 33-48°N (2551)
Spisula falcata Gould, 1850 - (2551)
Dist: Puget Sound to Lower Calif. (2209,p!95), 24-48 °N (2551)
Tresus capax (Gould, 1850)
Schizothaerus capax -'(2551) (3084,pl23) (3573)
Dist: Alaska to San Diego (2209,p!96), 37-58 °N (2551)
Misc: Ecology (3388)
Note: Reference (2227,p89) mentions in description of S_.
nuttallii that differences between S_. capax were
unknown when article was written.
Tresus nuttallii (Conrad, 1837)
Schizothaerus nuttallii (2033,p237) (3573)
Common names: great Washington clam, geoduck (3814,p232),
Gaper, summer clam, horse clam, otter shell, horse neck,
big neck clam (2227,p89); other names see (3813,p9)
Dist: Alaska to Lower Calif. (2209, p!96) (2227, p89),
Alaska to San Diego (3814,p232), 37-58°N
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2031), outer coast Cape Grenville
(Robt. Hitz, BCF); Ore: Coos Bay, Winchester Bay
(2345,p!85) (3813,p9); Calif: central coast (2033 , p237)
Hab: Intertidal sandy beaches, bay and coastal waters
(2033) (2031); mud bottoms of all bays and inlets
according to bottom type (3814); fine sand or firm
sandy mud buried 1 -3' deep, also in outer coast in
more quiet sheltered areas (2227,p89) (3813);
high tide line to 100' (2227,p89)
Growth: (2345, p!95)
Feeding: (2236,p!8)
Ecology, Abundance, & Dist: (3813,p!8) (3388)
Econ: Sport fishery in Wash. , Ore. , and Calif; used for
food locally (2345, p!85) (2227,p89) (3814,p232)
548
-------
MOLLUSCA - PELECYPOPA Tellinidae
Family: Tellinidae
Macoma arnheimi Pall, 1916 -(2551)
Dist: Alaska to San Francisco (2209.-p!72), 38-55 °N ( 2551)
Macoma brota Pall 1916 - (3751,p213)
Pist: Arctic Ocean to Puget Sound (2209, p!71), 48-64°N (2551)
Coll: Strait of Georgia
Hab: Sub-littoral, greatest size below 40m, greatest density,
biomass below 40m (3751)
Macoma calcarea (Gmelin, 1791) - (3751 , p213); Gmelin, 1792 -(2033,p236)
Pist: Arctic Ocean to central Calif. (2209,pl74), 37 -72 °N ( 2551)
Hab: Sub-littoral, density greatest, biomass greatest below
50m, size greatest below 50m, fine-grained sediment
may limit distribution (3751,p213)
Macoma carlottensis Whiteaves, 1880 - (3751,p213)
Pist: 27-72°N (5591 ,p27)
Hab: Sub-littoral (3751,p213), no preference for depth or
sediment grade
Macoma elimata Pumnill and Coan, 1968 -(3751,p213)
Coll: Strait of Georgia, Satellite Channel, widely distributed
(3751,P213)
Hab: Sub-littoral, tolerance for wide range of sediment
types, density greatest less than 40m, size greatest
deeper than 40m, maximum biomass equal at shallow
and deep stations (3751)
Macoma expansa Carpenter, 1865 (2551)
Pist: 33-48°N (2551)
Macoma incongrua (van Martens , 1865) (3751,p213) (2551)
Pist: Arctic Ocean to San Piego (2209,pl70), 33-72 °N ( 2551)
Coll: Strait of Georgia, Satellite Channel (3751 )
Hab: Sub-littoral, maximum density: equal at shallow and
deep; maximum biomass: equal at shallow and deep;
regularly found on shell gravels with 2-3 knot
currents; generally not found where sediment more
than 50% silt-clay (3751 ,p213)
549
-------
MOLLUSCA PELECYPODA - Tellinidae
Macoma inconspicua (Broderip and Sowerby, 1829) - (2033)
M. balthica Linnaeus - (2033,p236)
Dist: 33-72°N (2551)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033)
Hab: Common in San Francisco Bay, upper tide level,
mud flats, competitively excluded from low tide
level with more shelter and less sediment overturn
by Ampelisea miller, amphipod (3784,p222)
Feeding: Detritus feeder (3784, p230)
Ma coma indentata Carpenter, 1866 - (2551)
Dist: 28-48°N (2551), 28-50°N (5591)
Macoma inquinata (Deshayes, 1854) - (3751,p207)
Dist: Bering Sea to central Calif. ( 2209 ; pi 72)
Coll: Strait of Georgia, Satellite Channel (3751)
Hab: Shallow water, intertidal (3751 , p211)
Macoma irus (Hanley, 1845) - (2033,p23'6)
Dist: 37-64°N (2551)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033)
Hab: Intertidal
Macoma kelseyi Pall, 1900 - (2551)
Coll: 48°N(2551), Puget Sound (2209 , pi72)
Macoma nasuta (Conrad, 1837) - (2033, p236) (3814,p226) (3813,p!4)
Dist: Alaska to Cape San Lucas, Lower Calif. (3814) (2227),
28-60°N(3814) (2209,pl?4)
Coll: Puget Sound; Ore: Yaquina Bay and larger bays;
central Calif, coast (3813 , p!4)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p236) (3751, p211); 6"-8" in muddy bays
(3814, p226); heavy mud or sandy mud of sheltered bays,
lagoons, estuaries: 4"-8" below (2227 ,p74); bays:
6"-8" below surface (3813,p!4)
Misc: Very hardy and resistant to adverse conditions (3814, p226)
Repro: Spawning probably late spring or early summer (2345,pl98)
Macoma planiuscula Grant and Gale - (2551)
Dist: 48-72°N (2551)
Macoma quadrana Pall, 1916 - (2551)
Dist: Alaska to Lower Calif. (2209,p!75), 32-55°N (2551)
550
-------
MOLLUSCA - PELECYPODA Tellinidae
Macoma secta Conrad. 1837 -(2033,p236)
Dist: Vancouver Island, B. C. to Cape San Lucas, Baja
Calif. (2209,p!79), 23-49 °N (2551)
Coll: Oregon bays (3813,p!5); central Calif, coast ( 2033 , p236)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p236); in sand about 1 1 /2 inches below
surface, both bays and beaches (3814, p226); clean
sand or sandy mud of bays, lagoons, and estuaries;
some 10-30' deep along outer coast in areas
protected by points of land, breakwaters, small
within few inches, larger go deeper (2227,p75)
Econ: Excellent flavor, seldom sought for food because so
deep (2227,p75); edible but rarely used (in Oregon)
(3813,P15)
Temp: Study of temp, acclimation (2987)
Macoma yoldiformis Carpenter, 1864 (2551)
Dist: Puget Sound to San Diego (2209; pi 77), 33-49 °N (2551 )
Coll: Strait of Georgia, Satellite Channel (3751 , p207)
Hab: Sub-littora'l; intertidal to 18m in B. C. ; tolerant of
considerable range of sediment grain sizes; shelter
from strong currents necessary (3751 ,p213)
Tellina bodegensis Hinds 1844 - (2033,p236); Tellen (3814,p227)
Dist: Queen Charlotte Island, B. C. to Cape San Lucas,
Baja Calif. (2227, P73) (3814), 23-54 °N (2551)
Coll: Ore: entire coast ( 381 3 , p!7), dredged (341 2), Coos,
Tillamook and Yaquina Bays (3813, pi 7); central Calif.
coast (2033)
Hab: Intertidal; sand beaches; sandy beaches along outer
coast and particularly in coarse shifting sand near
entrances to bays, lagoons, and estuaries (2227,p73)
Misc: Edible
Tellina button! Ball, 1900 (2033,p236)
Dist: 23-58°N (2551)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033); Oregon, 40-42m (3003 , pi 3)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p236)
Feeding: Deposit feeder (2578 , p74)
Misc: Sensitive to turbidity; >30% silt and clay limits size
and distribution (2578,p74)
551
-------
MOLLUSCA - PELECYPODA - Garidae
Tellina carpenter! Pall, 1900 (2551)
Dist: Alaska to Gulf of Calif. (2209 , pi 66), 8 -55 °N ( 2551 )
Telling, modesta Carpenter, 1864 - (2551)
Dist: B.C. to Lower Calif. (2209,pl67), 30-50°N (2551)
Tellina salmonea (Carpenter, 1864) (2033)
Dist: Aleutians to San Diego (2209, pi 66), 34-56°N ( 2551)
Coll: Central Calif, coast
Hab: Intertidal; sensitive to turbidity (2578 , p75)
Food: Suspension feeder in clean, coarse sediment
deposit feeder in firm substrate, diet of copepods,
diatoms (2578,p73)
Family: Garidae
Gari californica (Conrad, 1837) - (2033); (Conrad, 1849) - (2227,p81)
Dist: 33-55°N (2551), Forrester Island, Alaska to San
Diego Bay, Calif. (2227, p81)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033)
Hab: Sand or sandy mud near entrances to bays, lagoons,
and estuaries; sometimes found in eel grass beds
or in sand under boulders used in breakwater
construction; 6-8" beneath surface (2227,p81)
Misc: Edible
Gari (Psammobia) californica Conrad
Psammobia californica Conrad - (2031)
Dist: Aleutians to San Diego (2209, pi 85)
Hab: Sand burrower (2031), found at a depth of one inch in
coarse sand and gravel, where it lies on right side
with flat valve down, convex up; the siphon holes are
generally about three inches apart at surface (3814, p227)
Family: Semelidae
Cumingia californica (Conrad, 1837) - (2033)
Dist: 23-41 °N (2551)
Coll: Central Calif, coast, intertidal (2033 , p236)
552
-------
o
IN
MOLLUSCA - PELECYPODA - Solenidae
Semele rubropicta Pall, 1871 (2033)
Dist: Alaska to Lower Calif. (2209,p!80), 32-57 °N ( 2551 )
Coll: Central Calif, coast, intertidal (2033 , p236)
Family: Solenidae
Siliqua pa tula Dixon. 1788 - (2227,p78) (3003)
Dist; Alaska to San Luis Obispo County, Calif. (5591,p46),
37-60°N
Coll: Wash: Copalis Beach, Roosevelt Beach, Mocrocks,
Saddle Hill, Ocean City, Oyehut (3635); north of
Columbia River (2345); Ore: north of Tillamook
Head, abundant (2345 , pi 83), north of Netarts Bay
between Netarts and Cape Lookout and in Netarts
Bay (2345, pi 83), north of Yaquina Head,
Agate Beach between Yaquina and Alsea Bay, north
of Heceta Head, north of mouth of Siuslaw River
(2345,p!83), 50m (3003,p!3); Calif: central coast
(2033,p237), Clam Beach (2686,P32)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p237), broad sandy ocean beach or
one with wide expanse of strong current (2031,p211),
deep burrowing, fine sandy beaches; also inland
side of spits (2571,p57), benthic fauna of intertidal
and surf zone typically in sandy beaches facing
open ocean, areas of fine-packed preferred; broad,
level, sand beaches under surf line (3814,p230)
Misc: See Volume I for an intensive literature search.
Solen sicarius Gould, 1850 - (2033,p237) (3814,p228)
Dist: British Columbia, Vancouver Island to San Ouintin
Bay, Baja Calif. (2227 , p77) (3814, p228), 30-49 °N (2551)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033); Puget Sound (2031)
Hab: Intertidal, burrowing, in firm sandy mud of sheltered
byas, sloughs, estuaries, digs smooth-lined, permanent
burrow in which it moves readily up and down; most
frequently under roots of eel grass and is an extremely
active digger (2227, p77)
to
H
nJ
CD
-------
MOLLUSCA - PELECYPODA - Myidae
Family: Myidae
Cryptomya californica (Conrad, 1837) (2033,p237)
Dist: Alaska to Mexico (2209, p!99), 11-59 °N (2551 )'(5591 ,p!9)
Coll: Central Calif, coast, intertidal (2033)
Mya arenaria Linnaeus. 1758 - (2033,p237) (2571 , p57) (3804, p!21)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2227) (3805) (3814) (2031) (3804), 37-49°N
(2551)
Coll: B. C. (3804, pi 21); Puget Sound (2031); Oregon coast
in most protected bays and many rivers north of
Coos Bay (3813, pi 1); central Calif, coast (2033)
Note: Mostly in bays and may not be outer coast form.
Hab: Intertidal (2033), soft mud in sheltered bays (3814,p233),
8-14" below surface, most in firm mud flats, some
found in gravel and sand flats, mouths of small
rivers, farther upbay in larger bays (3813, pi 1)
Growth & Repro: (2345,p!85)
History: (3805) (3814)
Misc: Sport and commercial fishery in bays (2227,p90), preyed
on by sting rays (3814, p233), 28% total live weight is
edible (3813,p!2)
Mya truncata Linnaeus. 1758 - (2033,p237)
Dist: Arctic Ocean to Puget Sound (2209,p!98), 48-72 °N (2551)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound; central Calif, coast
Hab: Intertidal, burrowing, sand or mud (2031, p2 15)
Platyodon cancellatus (Conrad. 1837)
Dist: Queen Charlotte Islands, B.C. to San Diego Bay (2227,p91)
33-38°N (2551), 35-65 °N (5591)
Coll: Central Calif, coast
Hab: Intertidal, heavy clay or soft rock near entrances to
bays, lagoons, estuaries, exposed rocks (2227,p9 1)
Sphenia fragilis (Carpenter. 1857) -(2551)
B. C. to Mexico (2209, p200), 23-45°N (2551)
Sphenia ovoidea Carpenter. 1865 -(2551)
Aleutians to Puget Sound (2209,p200), 33-55 °N (2551)
554
-------
MOLLUSCA PELECYPODA - Pholadidae
Hiatella arctica (Linnaeus, 1771) (2033); Linnaeus 1767 - (3003,p!4)
(2209,p208)
Saxicave arctica
Dist: Arctic Ocean to Panama (2209 ,p208), 8-72°N(2551)
Coll: Oregon; central Calif, coast
Hab: Common form in Monterey area identified as £>. a^rctica
is a nestler, there being no intertidal shales for it
to bore into as the species is reported to do in Europe.
Hiatella pholadis
Saxicave pholadis Linnaeus, 1771 (2033)
Dist: Arctic Ocean to Panama (2209, p209), 8-72°N(2551)
Coll: Central Calif, coast
Hab: This is possible more common as a borer in intertidal
shales further north (2033, p238)
Panomya amp la Da 11, 1898 - (2551)
Dist: Aleutians to Puget Sound (2209, p206), 48-68 °N (2551) (5591)
Panope generosa Gould, 1850 - (2033,p238) (3804,pi 24) (3814) (3813) (2227)
Dist: Forrester Island, Alaska to Lower Calif. , 28-55 °N ( 2551)
Coll: Wash: Coast of the Straits of Juan de Fuca (2730,p243),
Puget Sound (2031); Ore: Netarts Bay (3813, pl6);
central Calif, coast
Hab: Intertidal, burrowing (2031), lowest tide levels in muddy
sand of protected bays, up to 3 feet below surface
(3804,p!25); sandy mud of bays , sloughs, estuaries
at 4' or more; at low tide, can locate on mud flats by
columns of water they squirt in air (2227, p92); unshifting
mud bottoms of sheltered bays (3814, p234)
Habits: Due to habitat; safe from enemies; little need for
activity; only exertion is siphon movement; this slight
body movement enlarges cavity and accommodates
growth (3814,p234)
Temp: Tolerance to high temp, or rapid changes are little known
(2730,p247)
Misc: Edible
Panope solida - (2551)
Dist: 38-48°N (2551)
Family: Pholadidae
Parapholas californica (Conrad, 1837) - (3814,p236)
Dist: Coos Bay, Oregon to San Diego, Calif. (3814,p236),
33-43°N (2551)
Coll: Central Calif, coast
Hab: Intertidal (2033)
555
-------
MOLLUSC A - PELECYPODA Pholadidae
Pholadidea concamerata Deshayes, 1839 -(2551)
Silt: Bering Sea to San Diego (2209, p 2 11), 33-60 °N (255 1) (5591)
Pholadidea conradi Valenciennes 1846 - (5591, p41)
PenitelJji conradi Valenciennes - (3798,p281)
Dist: Oregon to Baja Calif. , 23-49 °N (559 1)
Coll: Ore: Cannon Beach (3798); Calif: Mendocino Co. (3798)
Hab: Intertidal to 10 fms (5591), reported infesting various
molluscs, including mussels and abalones (3798,p281)
Pholadidea ovoidea Gould 1851 - (2227,p93)
Dist: Bering Sea to Gulf of Calif. (2209, p212), 23-60°N
(2551) (5591)
Coll: Oregon (2347 as cited in 2344); Calif: (2227,p93)
Hab: Bores into shale, clay, sandstone, or other soft rock
on open coast
Pholadidea parva (Tryon, 1865) (2033, p238)
Coll: Ore: Chetco Cove; Calif: central coast (2 344, p8),
28-38°N (2551)
Hab: Intertidal
Pholadidea jpenita (Conrad, 1837) (2033,p238)
Penitella penita
Dist: Alaska to Mexico (3814,p236) (2209, p211), 33-56°N (255 1)
Coll: Puget Sound (2031); Ore: Yaquina Bay entrance (2346)
Nye Beach--greatest abundance; other points both north
and south (2345, p!88) , CapeMeares, Ocean Lake,
Newport, Yachats, few south of Coquille River; central Calif.
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p238), burrows into sandstone (2031, p225)
Repro: Spawning on Oregon coast unknown at this time (2345, p!98)
Pholadidea ro strata Valenciennes, 1846
Dist: British Columbia to San Diego, Calif. (2209, p2 13),
33-48°N (2551)
Coll: Oregon (2347 as cited in 2344)
Pholadidea sagitta Stearns, 1916 (2551)
Dist: Puget Sound to Mexico (2209, p2 12), 19-48°N (2551)
Xylophaga mexicana Pall, 1908 - (2551)
Dist: 17-48°N (2551)
Xylophaga washingtona Bartsch, 1921 - (3003,p!4)
Dist: British Columbia to Washington (2209, p2 16), 47-49 °N (255 1)
Coll: Oregon, 200-1000m ( 3003, p!4)
Ecology: 200-1000m in wood off Oregon (3426)
556
-------
MOLLUSCA - PELECYPODA - Teredinidae
jirfaea pilsbryi Lowe 1931 (2033,p238)
Zirfaea gabbi (2227,p95)(3814,p235)
Dist: Alaska to Lower Calif. (3814, p235)
Coll: Ore: Sunset Bay, Coos Bay, Netarts Bay (2344,p7),
central Calif, coast (2033,p238)
Hab: Intertidal, burrows 10-14" in hard clay, stiff clay or
soft rock either in bays or on open coast (3814,p235)
(2227,P95)
Family: Teredinidae
Bankia setacea (Tryon, 1863) (2033, p238 ) (255 1)( 3804)
Dist: 23-6l°N (2551)
Coll: B.C.; Oregon, 50-200m; central Calif, coast
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p2 38 ), wood borer (2031, p229)
Life Cycle: (3804)
Boring Activity: (3808, p340) (3826)
Family: Pandoridae
Pandora bilirata Conrad, 1855
Dist: Alaska to Lower Calif. (2209,p89), 27-6 1° N (255 1)
(5591,P39)
Pandora filosa Carpenter 1864
Dist: Bering Sea to San Pedro, Calif. (2209, p88), 34-60°N
(2551) (5591,p39)
Pandora glacialis Leach, 1819
Dist: Arctic Ocean to Washington (2209, p89), 48-72° N (255 1)
(5591,p39)
Pandora grandis Dall, 1837
Dist: Bering Sea to Oregon (2209,p88), 45-57° N (255 1),
45-60°N (5591,p39)
Pandora punctata Conrad, 1857
Dist: B. C. to Gulf of Calif. (2209, p90), 23-49° N (255 1),
23-52°N (5591,p39)
Family: Lyonsiidae
Entodesma inflatum (Conrad, 1837 )- (2033, p2 37 )
Distr 2°S-55°N (2551), B. C. to Ecuador (2209 , p9 3)
Coll: Central Calif, coast, intertidal (2033, p237)
557
-------
MOLLUSCA - PELECYPODA - Thraciidae
Entodesma saxicola (Baird, 186 3) - (2033, p237)
Dist: Aleutians to San Pedro, Calif. (2209,p93), 30-54 °N (2551)
Coll: Central Calif, coast, intertidal (2033, p237)
Entodesma scammoni Pall, 1871 - (2551)
Dist: B. C. to San Diego, Calif. (2209,p94), 33-55°N (2551)
Lyonsia californica Conrad, 1837
Dist: Puget Sound to Lower Calif. (2209, p91), 24-56 °N (255 1)
Coll: Central Calif, coast
Hab: Intertidal; muddy beaches in quiet waters with, little
suspended material (3806,p312), maximal distribution
and abundance in mud with 85%-100% silt and clay
(2578,P75)
Food: Suspension feeder (2578, p74)
Morphology: (3806)
Lyonsia pugetensis Pall, 1913
Dist: Alaska to Puget Sound (2209, p91), 42-55 °N (559 1, p25)
Lyonsia striata (Montagu, 1815)
Dist: Aleutians to Washington (2209,p92), 48-72°N (2551)
Mytilimeria nuttalli Conrad. 1837 -(2033,p237)
Dist: B. C. to San Diego, Calif. (2209,p94), 28-55 °N (2551)
Coll: Central Calif, coast, intertidal (2033)
Family: Thraciidae
Thracia challisiana Pall. 1915
Pist: 37-55°N (2551) (5591,p50)
Thracia curta Conrad 1837 - (2551)
Pist: Bering Sea to San Piego, Calif. (2209,p84), 33-71°N
(2551), 23-71°N (5591, p51)
Thracia trapezoides Conrad 1849 (2551)
Pist: 36-56 °N (2551); mostly fossil living in Puget Sound (2209,p84)
34-56«N(5591,p51)
Family: Poromyidae
Poromya beringiana Pall. 1916
Dist: Aleutians to Tillamook, Oregon in deep water (2209 P95)
45-55'N (2551) (5591,p43)
558
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Acmaeidae
Poromya leonina Pall, 1916
Dist: 47°N (2551), 47-52°N (5591, p43)
Poromya tenuiconcha Pall, 1913
Pist: 32-57°N (2551), 32-60°N (5591, p43), Alaska to Lower
Calif. (2209, p95)
Family: Cuspidariidae
Cuspidaria beringensis Leache, 1883
Pist: Bering Sea to Panama (2209, plOO), 8-58°N (2551)
Cuspidaria californica Pall, 1886
Pist: Puget Sound to San Piego (2209, plOl), 33-48° N (2551)
Cuspidaria planetica Pall .1908
Pist: Bering Sea to Lower Calif. (2209, plOO), 32-60° N (2551)
Family: Later nulidae
Laternula (Laternula) limicola (Reeve, 1863)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, 150' from shore and in marsh channels
Remarks: Japanese bivalve may by establishing itself in our
coastal waters (3792, p439)
Class: GASTROPOPA
Subclass: Prosobranchia
Family: Acmaeidae
Acmaea sp.
Respiration: See (3769, p73) (3371, ;79)
Shell Pamage and Repair: See (3770,p64)
Predator: Pachygrapsus crassipes (3767, p67)
Commensal: Hyale grandicornis (3765, p56)
559
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Acmaeidae
Acmaea sp. - continued
Digestive System: See (3773, p88)
Carbohydrate Digestion Capabilities: (3774,p98)
Excretory System: See (3776, p!09)
Acmaea asmi (Middendorff, 1849) -(2385,p9)
Dist: 30-55°N (2551)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region; found between and under rocks
at -1.0 ft tide level, also attached to Tegula (2385, p9);
Central Calif, coast (2033, p260)
Hab: Intertidal .(2033, p260), commensal on shell of
Tegula funebralis, attracted to T_. funebralis by
tactilely, discovering a chemical attractant in
T_. funebralis shell (3766, p63)
Acmaea cassis (Eschscholtz, 1833) -(5591,p59)
Acmaea cassis pelta (Eschscholtz) - (2031) shield limpet
Dist: 38-60°N (5591, p59)
Coll: Puget Sound on rocks (2031, p309)
Acmaea cribaria (Carpenter, 1866) - (2345, p8)
Dist: 35-57°N (2551)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region; found on bare surfaces of
larger rocks in mid-littoral zone (2385, p8)
Acmaea digitalis (Eschscholtz 1833) - (2551) (2031, p311) (5591, p58)
Fingered Limpet (3815,p!5); (Eschscholtz, 1833) - (2385,p8)
Dist: 37-60°N (5591,p58), 19-55°N (2551)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p260), high intertidal, rocky shores
(3760, p246), on rocks where there is some surf and
quite high on beach, usually in a shaded area (3815,pl5),
upper limit occurs sparsely above lowest highest high
dist level (2751, p647)
Description fc Photo: (3815, p!5)
Habits: Orientation and movements on vertical rocks at
various stages of tidal cycle (3759, p30), clustering
behavior (3760, p45), in Mytilus californianus
community succession (2233, p246)
Temp: High, low, and mid-intertidal animals have lethal
temperature at 42 °C; submerged exposure to high
: temp. (3722, p84)
560
-------
MOLLUSCA GASTROPODA - Acmaeidae
Acrnaea fenestrata jiribraria (Carpenter, 1866) (2033,p260)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033, p260)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p260)
Acmaea insessa Hinds, 1842 (2033,p260)
Dist: 25-27°N (2551)
Coll: Central Calif, coast, intertidal (2033, p260)
Acmaea instabilis (Gould. 1846 ( 38 15 , pl6 ) (2 385 , p9 )
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (3815,pl6), 37-5 1 ° N (255 1), 32-60°N
(5591,p59)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2385, p9); central Calif, coast
(2033,p260)
Hab: Found on kelp stalks along B. C. coast (3815,pl6); live
specimens found on Alaria stipes near a -1.2 ft tide level;
many empty shells found washed in between rocks (2385, p9);
intertidal (2033,p260)
Acmaea limatula (Carpenter. 1866) (3003,p!4)
Dist: 21-48°N (2551)
Coll: Ore: 46m ( 3003, p!4); central Calif. coast (2033, p260)
Hab: -In Mytilus californianus community succession (22 33, p260)
intertidal (2033,p260), also (3755,p5); found on red
encrusting algae Hildenbrandia and Peyssonelia (3755, pi 1)
Habits: Active only when submerged or splashed, high level of
activity when tide rising (3755, pi 1), light responses (3758,
p25)
Food: Microscopic algae and encrusting red and coralline algae
Hildenbrandia, Peyssonelia, Lithophy 1 lum, Lithothamnion
(3755,pll)
Acmaea limatula morchii (Pall, 1878) (2033, p260)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033, p260)
Hab: Occurs in Tomales Bay, possibly only an ecological
variant of A. limatula (2033, p260)
Acmaea mitra (Eschscholtz, 1833) (2385, p7 ) (2031, p305 )
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (3815, p!7), 34-56 ° N (255 1), 32-60°N
(5591,p59)
Coll: B. C. coast, common ( 3815, p 17); Wash: Puget Sound, on
rocks (2031, p305); Ore: Cape Arago district, found clinging
to smooth lower surfaces of large rocks and more especially
as inhabitants of deserted sea urchin beds where they cling
to walls of pits hidden by overhanging algae; most living
specimens found were deeply encrusted with pink coralline
algae giving their shells a nodulous appearance (2385, p8);
46m (3003,pl4); Sunset Bay (2751,p667); central Calif.
coast'(2033,p260)
561
-------
MOLLUSCA GASTROPODA Acmaeidae
Acmaea mitra - continued
HabT^ntertidal (2033,P260), rocky beaches at low tide, taken
from deeper water on set-lines and other gear ( 38 15, p 17),
upper limit coincides with lowest higher low water (2751,
p649)
Feeding on Algae: (2031,p305)
Acmaea ochracea (Pall, 1871) (2033,p260)
Dist: 34-54 °N (2551)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033, p260)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p260)
Acmaea paleacea (Gould, 185 1) - (255 1) (2385 , P9 )
Dist: 29-49 °N (2551)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region, found on Zostera strands in
mid-littoral zone (2385, p9 ); central Calif, coast (2033,p260)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p260)
Acmaea pelta - (2551), Eschscholtz, 1833 - (2385, p8); (3815, p!8)
A_. cassis - (2033, p260)
Dist: Alaska to Mexico (3815, pi 8); 19-60°N (2551)
Coll: Common on B. C. coast (3815,p!8); Ore: Cape Arago
region, abundantly distributed along rocky shores;
specimen found creeping on large flat thalli on such
algae as Laminaria and Alaria; most found in upper
littoral zone (2385, p8), Sunset Bay (275l,p647); Calif:
central coast (2033, p260)
Hab: On rocks and seaweeds, from lowest low to highest high
tide (3815,pl8), intertidal (2033, p260); low, intermediate
intertidal (3755, pll), upper limit lowest higher high
(2951, p648); large, non-encrusting algae
Food: Macroscopic algae: Rhodoglossum affine, Endocladia
muricata, Iridaea sp. --red algae; Pelvetia fastigiata,
Egregia menziesii--brown algae (3756, p!9); feeding
and movement occurred when submerged or splashed
(3756, P19)
Growth: See (3576), shell shape dependent on substrate and
exposure; shell color may be related to diet (3768, p72)
Description & Photo: (3815, pi 8)
Acmaea persona - (2551); (Eschscholtz, 1833) - (2385, p8)
Mask Limpet (3815, p!9)
Dist: 37-60°N (2551), common Alaska to Calif. (3814,p!9)
37-55°N (3788,p336)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region, inhabitant of mid-littoral
zone, on smooth lower surfaces of large immovable
rocks; usually small green algae of the genera
562
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Acmaeidae
Acmaea persona - continued
Enteromorpha or Ulva are growing on the shells
(2385, p8); central Calif, coast (2033, p260)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p260), intertidal: mean sea level
to mean higher high water, characteristically in
sheltered areas; in Mytilus californianus community
succession (2233, p246); on rocks high on the beach,
often where some fresh water seeps out and in the
shade of overhanging trees or cliffs (381 5, pi9)
Life Span: Probably 6+ years (3788, p338)
Temp: Winter range 3.4°C to 10.3°C
Summer range 8. 5 C to 31 C
Annual rate of shell growth primarily related to
seasonal differences in environmental temperatures
in the intertidal zone (3788, p338)
Description & Photo: (3815, p!9)
Habits: Nocturnal in habit (3815, p!9)
Acmaea rosacea (Carpenter, 1866) - (2033,p260)
Dist: 16-56°N (2551)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033, p260)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p260)
Acmaea scabra (Gould, 1846) - (2385, p9)
Dist: 23-48°N (2551) (5591,p60)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region, found near high-tide line
and on rocks just above wave action (2385, p9);
central Calif, coast (2033, p260)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p260), in Mytilus californianus
community succession (2233, p246)
Habits: Homing behavior (3761, p52)
Temp: High intertidal animals, lethal temp. 44°C; mid-intertidal
animals, lethal temp. 43 °C; low intertidal animals,
lethal temp. 42"C, submerged exposure to high temp.
(3772,p84)
Digestion: Metabolic activity and glycogen stores (3775, p!02)
Acmaea scutum - (2551);(Eschscholtz, 1833) - (2385,p8)
Acmaea testadiadinalis scutum
Dist: 34-56°N (2551)
563
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Acmaeidae
Acmaea scutum - continued
Coll: Ore: Common along rocky shore line of Cape Arago;
fastens itself tightly on algae-covered rocks and
frequently has such small algae as Ulva or Enter omorpha
growing on its shell (2385, p8), mid-tide zone on
rocky shores along Calif, coast (3757, pZO)
Habits: Effect of light and tide on movements (3757,p20)
Acmaea scutum patina (Eschscholtz) Plate Limpet
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound on rocks (2031, p307); Ore:
Sunset Bay (2751,p647)
Hab: Upper limit coincides with lowest higher high (2751, p647);
vertical dist. (See 2751)
Acmaea triangularis (Carpenter, 1866) - (2033, p260)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033, p260)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p260)
Lottia albomaculata - (2551)
Dist: 30-42°N (2551)
Lottia gigantea (Sowerby, 1843) -(2033,p260)
Dist: 28-42°N (2551)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033, p260)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p260), in Mytilus californianus
community succession (2233, p246)
Family: Lepetidae
Lepeta alba Pall, 1869 - (2551)
Dist: 48-60°N (2551) (5591,p92)
Lepeta caecoides Carpenter, 1865 - (2551)
Dist: 37-72°N (2551) (5591,p92)
Lepeta concentrica Middendorff. 1851 - (2551)
Dist: 48-70 °N (2551) (5591, p92)
564
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Scissurellidae
Family: Scissurellidae
Scissurella kelseyi Pall, 1905 -(2551)
Dist: 32-55 N(2551), 32-60 N (5591, pill)
Family: Haliotidae
Haliotis cracherodii (Leach, 1918) Black Abalone (2033, p2,60)
Dist: Oregon to Lower Calif.
Coll: Oregon (2344); central Calif, coast (2033, p260)
Hab: Intertidal to 100 feet (3007, p!43) (2033, p260)
Feeding: Color of new shell growth related to diet (3779, p!37)
Haliotis kamtschatkana (Jonas) - (3007,p!56) (3815,p21)
Northern Abalone (3815, p!21), Japanese Abalone, Small North
Abalone
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to Calif. (3007, p!56, Japan, Alaska to
Calif. (3815,p22)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound on rocks (2031, p303); Oregon (2344)
Hab: "On rocky beaches in colonies at below low-tide level to
6 fms; in Georgia Strait they are rarely intertidal;
abalones seem to favor surf-lashed rocks on
exposed reefs, but they sometimes are found in
numbers in more sheltered waters; they seem to
congregate where pink coralline algae thrive." (3815,p22)
Habits: Ordinarily slow pace, but can travel with considerable
speed if threatened by starfish predation (3815,p22)
Econ: Shell too thin to be used commercially, but good eating.
Small market for frozen whole abalones (3815,p22)
Haliotis rufescens (Swainson, 1822) Red Abalone -(2033,p260)
Dist: Nesika Beach, Oregon to Lower Calif. (2344, p8) (3007, p!48)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , p260)
Hab: Intertidal to 1 00 ft ( 2033 , p260), subtidal ( 2344 , p8)
Feeding: Feeds by extending its epi podium and capturing pieces
of macroalgae that float by in the drift (3799, pi 3 5); primary
component of diet is Nereocystis luetkeana in Morro Bay
(3779, p!35); color of new shell growth related to diet
(3779,p!36)
565
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Haliotidae
Haliotis rufescens continued
Econ: Commercially important in Northern Calif.
Haliotis wallalensis (Stearns, 1899) -(2385,p6) No. Green Abalone
Dist: Oregon to Calif. (2385)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2385), Cape Blanco and Cape
Arago (2344, p8); Calif: north central coast (2033, p260),
Pt. Conception, rare (3007, pi 58)
Hab: Attached to flat walls of rock cave (2385,p6)
Family: Fissurellidae
Diodora aspera (Eschscholtz) - (2385,p5) Rough Keyhole Limpet
(3815,P23)
Dist: 24-60°N (2551) (5591), Alaska to Lower Calif. (2583,p65)
(3815,P23)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2385 , p6), Cape Arago region
(2021); central Calif, coast (2033 , p260)
Hab: Lower littoral region on algae-covered rocks and in
abandoned rock pits of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
(2385,p6), intertidal (2033,p260), algal covered rocks
(2021), rocks in low intertidal zone of open coasts
(2583, p65), on rocky beaches at low-tide level, also
brought up from 8 fms (3815,p23)
Habits: In mantle cavity of Diodora aspera, often find commensal
scale worm Arctonoe vittata (Grube) (3815, p24)
Diodora murina (Pall. 1885) - (2033,p260)
Dist: 21-42°N (2551)
Coll: Central Calif, coast, intertidal (2033 , p260)
Fissurella volcano (Reeve. 1849) -(2033,p260)
Dist: 8-42°N(2551)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 ,p260)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 . p260)
Hemitoma bella Gabb. 1865 - (5591,p89)
Hemitoma yatesii Pall - (5591)
Dist: 37-55°N (2551), 33-57 °N (5591)
566
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Fissurellidae
Megatebennus bimaculatus (Pall, 1871) (2033,p260)
Spotted Keyhole Limpet (3815,p25)
Dist: 21-55°N (2551), Alaska to Mexico (381 5 , p25)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2385, p6); Calif: central coast
(2033,p260)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p260), on holdfasts of large seaweeds
along south and west coasts of Vancouver Island, sometimes
in shallow water under stones, has been dredged in
15 fms off Calif, coast (3815,p25)
Puncturella cooperi Carpenter 1864 - (2551)
Dist: 33-55°N (2551) , 32-60 °N (5591 , pi 1 0)
Puncturella cucullata (Gould, 1846) -(3003,pl5)
Dist: 23-58°N (2551)
Coll: Oregon, 100-106m (3003, p!5)
Puncturella (Cranopsis) decorata (Cowan and McLean, 1968) -(2586, pi 07)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to Cortez Bank, Calif. (2586)
Puncturella galeata Gould, 1846
Dist: 34-54°N (2551) (5591 ,pHO)
Puncturella multistriata (Cranopsis) - (2586, pi 07); (Dall, 1914); (2551)
Dist: 33-52°N (2551), 8-60°N (5591 , pi 1 0), Aleutian Islands to
Puget Sound, dredged in depths up to 50 fms (2586, pi 07)
Family: Trochidae
Calliostoma annulatum (Martyn, 1784) Ringed Top Shell (381 5 , p30)
Ringed Top Snail (3 003, pi 5)
Dist: 33-55°N (2551), Forrester Island, Alaska to San
Pedro, Calif. (3815,p30)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2031 ,p299); Ore: 46m (3003 , pi 5);
central Calif, coast (2033 , p260)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p260), on rocks, nearshore or deep
water (2031, p299), not commonly found on beach,
567
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Trochidae
Ca Hi os to ma annulatum - continued
sometimes on kelp at south end of Vancouver
Island; apparently an inhabitant of deeper water
(3815,p30)
Calliostoma caeruleum Pall, 1919
Dist: 37-48°N(2551) (5591,p75)
Calliostoma canaliculatum (Martyn, 1784) - (2033,p260)
Dist: 33-57°N (2551)
Coll: Central Calif, coast, intertidal (2033 , p260)
Calliostoma costatum (Martyn, 1784) - (2033,p260)
Calliostoma ligatum Gould - (38-5,p29) Blue Top Snail
Dist: 33-57°N (2551), Alaska to San Pedro, Calif. (3815,p29)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033,p260), Puget Sound on rocks
at low tide or shallow water (2031,p297)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p260), in climacti biotic Mytilus
calif ornianus community (2233,p246), very common on
rocks and in crevices on rocky beaches, dredged
from 7 fms near Vancouver Island (381 5, p29)
Note: Found in stomach of lingcod (3815,p29)
Calliostoma pic turn Dall, 1919
Dist: 37-48°N (2551)
Calliostoma variegatum (Carpenter 1865) Variegated Top Snail
Dist: 28-57°N (2551)
Coll: Puget Sound, deep water (2031 , p299)
Cidarina cidaris A. Adams 1864
Dist: 30-60°N (5591 ,p79)
Coll: Oregon, 46-126m (3003,p!5)
Halistylus subpupoideus Tryon, 1887
Dist: 8-55°N (2551), B. C. to Panama (2026, p!73)
Margarites funiculatus Carpenter. 1864
Dist: 48°N(2551)
Coll: Wash: Neah Bay (2207 , p200)
568
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Trochidae
Margarites helicinus - (2551); (Phipps, 1774) Smooth Margarite
(3815,P31)
Dist: 33-65°N (2551), 32-65 °N (5591 , p98), Bering Strait to
Calif., Greenland to Massachusetts, Northern Europe
(3815,P31)
Hab: Deep water species but often on beach, especially on
eel grass or other marine vegetation (3814,p31)
Margarites inflatulus Pall, 1921
Dist: 48°N(2551), 48-50 °N (5591, p98)
Margarites lacunatus Carpenter, 1864
Dist: 33-48°N (2551), 33-41 °N (559 1 , p98)
Margarites lirulatus (Carpenter, 1864) -(2033,p26l)
Dist: 33-57°N (2551), Alaska to San Pedro, Calif. (3815,p32)
Coll: Central Calif, coast ( 2033 , p26l)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p26l), common on sheltered rocky
beaches, also dredged from 5-10 fms (3815,p32)
Margarites marginatus Pall, 1919
Dist: 44-72°N (2551)
Margarites obsoletus - (2551)
Dist: 48°N (2551) (5591,p99)
Margarites parcipictus (Carpenter, 1864) -(2033,p26l)
Dist: 29-57°N (2551)
Coll: Central Calif, coast, intertidal ( 2033 , p26l )
Margarites pupillus (Gould, 1849) (2385,p7)
Dist: 34-60°N (2551), Alaska to San Pedro, Calif. (3815,p33)
Coll: Puget Sound (2031 ,p301); Ore: Coos Bay region (2385 , p7)
Hab: In eel grass and on rocks in tide pools or shallow water
(2031 , p301), found in close association with Zizyphinus
(2385,p7), common on sheltered rocky beaches, also
dredged from 5-10 fms (3815,p33)
Margarites rhodia Pall, 1920
Dist: 33-58°N (2551), 32-60 °N ( 5591 , p99)
569
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA Trochidae
Margaritas salmoneus Carpenter, 1864
Dist: 37-48°N (2551) (5591)
Margarites subelevatus Carpenter, 1864
Dist: 48°N(2551)
Coll: Wash: Neah Bay (2026, p208)
Margarites succinctus (Carpenter, 1864) -(2385,p7)
Dist: 30-57°N (2551), Alaska to Lower Calif. (3815,p34)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2385,p7); central Calif, coast
(2033,p26l)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p26l), lives under rocks usually in
same habitat as Homalopoma carpenteri (2385,p7),
on algae and eel grass near low tide level (3815,p34)
Margarites tenuisculptus Carpenter, 1865
Dist: 48°N (2551), 40-50°N (5591,plOO)
Solariella obscura Couthoug, 1838
Dist: 48-72°N (2551) (5591)
Solariella peramabilis Carpenter, 1864
Dist: 32-55°N (2551) (5591)
Tegula brunnea (Philippi. 1848) - (2033,p26l)
Dist: 34-42°N (2551), Oregon to Calif. (2339,p233)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay, Cape Arago (2339, p233); central Calif.
coast (2033,p26l)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p26l), outer intertidal (23 39 , p233),
associated with T_, pa Hi go and Macrocystis in climactic
biotic Mytilus californianus community (2233,p246)
Repro: (2339,p233)
Tegula fluctuosa Pall 1919
Dist: 34-40°N (2551)
Tegula funebralis (A. Adams, 1854, 1855?) -(2385,p6)
Dist: 28-48°N (2551), B. C. to Lower Calif. (3815,p25)
Coll: Puget Sound (2031, p295), central Calif, coast ( 2033 , p26l)
abundant on Oregon and Calif, coasts (2385,p6)
570
-------
MOLLUSCA GASTROPODA - Trochidae
Tegula funebralis - continued
Hab: Intertidal (Z033,p26l), mid-tide level to fairly high on
rocky beaches (3815,p26), found on upper exposed
rocks as well as on algae-covered rocks near low-
tide line (2385,p6)
Feeding: Eats only algae (2031,p295)
Sex: Male: foot surface light; female: foot surface dark
(3791,p440)
Note: Edible (3185,p26), heavy shells withstand force of
surf in rocky places (3815,p27)
Tegula pulligo - (2551) Dusky Turban (381 5 , p28);
(Gmelin, 1784) - (2385,p6) (3815,p28); (Martyn, 1784) - (2033, p26l)
Dist: 28-57°N (2551), Alaska to Lower Calif (381 5, p28)
Coll: Not Strait of Georgia (3815,p28); Ore: Coos Bay
region (2385,p6); central Calif, coast ( 2033 , p26l)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p26l), open rocky beaches from about
10-ft level-to below lowest tide (3815,p28), buried in
sand under algae-covered rocks at -0. 6 ft tide level
(2385,P6)
Tegula pulligo taylori (I. S. Oldroyd, 1922) (2385,p7)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2385)
Hab: Upper littoral zone among other Trochidae (2385)
Tegula subaperta Carpenter, 1864
Dist: 33-48°N (2551)
Tegula taylori Oldroyd, 1922
Dist: 49°N(2551), 48-54 °N (5591 , pi 14)
Family: Carinariidae
Carinaria latidens Pall, 1919
Dist: 43°N(2551)
571
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Epitoniidae
Family: Epitoniidae
Epitonium acrostephanus Pall 1908
Dist: 33-48°N (2551), 32-48 °N (559 1 , p85)
Epitonium caamanoi Pall and Bartsch, 1910
Dist: 34-48°N (2551), 39 -49 °N (5591 »p86)
Epitonium catalinae Pall, 1958
Pist: 33-55°N (2551), 32-55 °N (5591 , p86)
Epitonium columbianum Pall, 191V
Pist: 23-55°N (2551) (5591,p86)
Epitonium. crebricostatum Carpenter, 1886
Pist: 23-49°N (2551), B. C. to Gulf of Calif. (2206,p61)
Epitonium densiclathratum Pall, 1917
Pist: 33-48°N (2551) (5591 ,p86)
Epitonium evictum PeBoury, 1919
Pist: 25-55°N (2551), Alaska to Lower Calif. (2026,p53)
Epitonium indianorum (Carpenter, 1865) (2385,p!2)
Pist: 32-55°N (2551), 32-60 °N ( 5591 , p86)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region, found in tide pools near -1.0 ft tide
level (238 5, pi 2); 128-146m (3 003, pi 5)
Epitonium spongiosum Carpenter, 1864
Pist: 37-45°N (2551), Oregon to central Calif. (2206,p54)
Epitonium tinctum Carpenter 1864
Pist: 23-49°N (2551), 23-51 °N (5591 , p87)
Epitonium wroblewskyi Morch, 1876
Pist: 40-55°N (2551), Alaska to San Piego (2026,p52)
QpaHa chacei (Strong, 1932) (2385,p!2); 1930 - (2033 ,p26l)
Pist: 34-43°N (2551), 34-49°N (5591,p!07)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region ( 2385 , pi 2); central Calif, coast
(2033,p26l)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p26l)
Opalia evicta PeBoury. 1919
Pist: 25-55°N (2551) (5591,p!07)
572
-------
MOLLUSCA GASTROPODA Eulimidae
Family: Eulimidae
Melanella macra Bartsch, 1917
Dist: 48-55°N (2551)
Melanella montereyensis Bartsch 1917
Dist: 37-41 °N (2551), Trinidad to Monterey, Calif. (2026,p69)
Melanella randolphi Vanatta, 1899
Dist: 48-55°N (2551)
Melanella rutila Carpenter, 1864 - (2551) Red Melanella (3815, p63)
Dist: 25-55°N (2551), Alaska to Lower Calif. (3815,p63)
Hab: On sea urchins, sea cucumbers, and starfish at low tide
level and below (3815,p63)
Family: Cocculinidae
Cocculina agassizii Pall, 1908
Dist: 8-54°N (2551), 7-54°N (5591 ,p80)
Family: Turbinidae
Astraea inaequalis (Martyn, 1784) (2033, p26l)
Astraea gibbeross Dillwyn
Dist: 33-48°N (2551), Masset, B. C. to San Pedro, Calif.
(3815,p35)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p26l), rocky beaches , sheltered or open,
usually from 3-ft level to below low tide but occasionally
as high as 6-ft level (3815,p36)
Homalopoma bacula Carpenter, 1864
Dist: 30-48°N (2551), 30-52 °N ( 5591 , p90)
Homalopoma engbergi (Willett, 1929)
Dist: 48°N(2551), 48-53 °N ( 559 1 , p90)
Homalopoma luridum Pall, 1885 -(2551)
Dis-t: 23-48°N (2551), 23-57 °N ( 5591 , p90)
573
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Turbinidae
Homalopoma carpenter! - (2551); (Pilsbry, 1888) - (2385, p7);
Carpenter Dwarf Turban (3815,p37)
Dist: 30-57°N (2551), Alaska to Lower Calif. (3815, p37)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2385, p7); central Calif, coast
(2033,p26l)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p26l), fairly deep water, but taken alive
at low tide in several B. C. locations (3815,p37),
common on undersides of rocks in lower littoral
zone, frequently in close association with Bittium
eschrichtii (2385, 17)
Note: Shells are popular with hermit crabs (3815,p37)
Family: Phasianellidae
Phasianella luridapall, 1897)
Tricola lurida
Dist: 45°N(2551), B. C. to Mendocino, Calif. (2026, pl63)
Family: Littorinidae
Littorina littorea (Linnaeus, 1758)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound; Calif: Trinidad, San Francisco
Bay (3786,P283)
Note: Appears species accidentally introduced into above
localities, means of introduction problematical
(3786, p283) [Atlantic Coast species]
Biology: (2255,p721)
Littorina planaxis (Philippi. 1847) - (2033,p26l)
Dist: 19-48°N (2551)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2385 ,pi 1); central Calif, coast
(2033,p26l)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p26l), abundant on rocks just above
Mytilus edulis beds (2385,pll), high intertidally
usually on exposed rocks in splash zone (2577,p53),
Temp: More tolerant of dessication, temp. , and fresh water
than L_. scutulata (2577,p53). held in dry containers,
29. 4°C 32. 2°C 127 hrs, none dead (2577,p44)
Food: Microscopic encrusting forms (2577, p51)
574
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA Littorinidae
Littorina rudis Donovan, 1800
Dist: 48-56°N (2551)
Littorina sitkana - (3506); (2551); (Philippi)
L_. sitchana - (2026,p60) Sitka Littorine (3815,p39)
Dist: Alaska to Oregon (3506,p33) (3815, p39), 48-56°T\[
(2551) (5591)
Coll: Ore: Sunset Bay, mouth of Salmon River (124°0',
45°3'), Siletz Bay (124°r, 44"47130"), Winchester
Bay (124°11'30", 43°40'20") (3506)
Hab: Feed on microscopic algae (3506, p35), found only in
protected bays, on or under rocks, esp. rocks covered
with Balanus sp. , at Sunset Bay only small individuals
were found and all on Fucus "sp. , on Fucus sp. at all
localities; detailed description of habitats at localities
(3506,p42); on rocks, pilings, eel grass, kelp, low-tide
to high-tide levels (3815,p39)
Vertical Range: Between +2 and +7' at Salmon River,
greatest density at 4'(3506,p28)
Dessication Results: (3506,p5,31)
Salinity: Lowest limit 1 6-20%o (3506 , p5 , 33)
Temp: Ceased all movements 34-36. 5°C (3506, p5 , 33 , 39 )
Immersion Studies: (3506,p5,39)
Littorina scutulata (Gould, 1849) -(2033,p261)
Checkered Littorine (3815,p40); Checkered Periwinkle
Dist: 19-58°N (2551), Alaska to Calif. (3815,p40)
Coll: Ore: north central coast, Yaquina Bay region, Coos
Bay region (3506, p7); Puget Sound (2031 ,p281); Calif. (2033)
Hab: Rocky intertidal areas, bays and estuaries, observed on
Balanus sp. or Fucus sp. (3506, pi 3), some individuals
in tide pools on Ulva and bushy green alga, some on bare
rock in splash zone at +10-12' above 0' tide level in
exposed areas (3506,pl3), mid-inter tidal, frequently
in beds of macroscopic algae and pools rimmed with
algae (2577,p53), intertidal ( 2033 , p26l ), rocky shores
(3815,P40)
Vertical Range: Between +3 and +12 for exposed rocky intertidal
areas, in estuaries +3. 5-8' in Yaquina Bay and +1 -7' at
Salmon River (3506,p28)
575
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Littorinidae
Littorina .scutulata (Gould, 1849) - continued
Density: Greatest in tidepools at about +3' level,+ 6. 5' at
Yaquina Bay, and+4' at Salmon River (3506, p28)
Zonation Studies: Done at Yaquina Head, results (3506, p3, 14,
17)
Dessication Results: (3506,p5,31)
Salinity: Lowest limit !6-20%o (3506,p5, 32)
Temp: Ceased all movements at 34-36. 5°C (3506 , p5 , 33 , 39)
Immersion Studies: (3506,p5,39)
Littorina subro tun data Carpenter 1865
Dist: 48°N(2551)
Coll: Wash: Neah Bay (2026, p63)
Family: Lacunidae
Lacuna porrecta (2551); Carpenter 1864 - (2385, pi 1)
L_. striata (Gabb) - (3815,p42)
L_. carinata (Gould) - (3815,p42)
Dist: 33-55°N (2551), Be ring Sea to Calif. (3815,p42)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2385 , pi 1); Puget Sound (2031 , p283)
Hab: Found in tide pools on algae at same level as lower
littorine beds (2385,pll), eel grass, holdfasts (2031,p283),
on kelp (3815,p42)
Lacuna yariegata Carpenter, 1864 (3815,p41)
Dist: 34-48°N (2551), B. C. to Calif. (3815,p41)
Hab: Common to B. C. (3815,p41), on eel grass and seaweeds
on rocky beaches (3815,p41)
Habits: Entirely aquatic, hence lower on beach than littorines
(3815,P41)
Repro: Light-yellow eggs laid on kelp fronds (3815,p41)
Lacuna ejffusa Carpenter, 1864
Dist: 37-48°N (2551)
Lacuna exaequata Carpenter. 1864
Dist: 48°N(2551)
576
-------
MOLL,USCA - GASTROPODA - Lacunidae
Lacuna marmorata (2551); (Dall, 1919) - (2385, pi 1)
Dist: 33-57°N (2551) (5591)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region ( 2385 , pi 1)
Hab: Found in close association with other species of
Lacuna and Littorina, though they tend to frequent
lower tide levels than do the latter (2385, pi 1)
Lacuna solidula Loven, 1846
Dist: 33-61 °N (2551), 32-61 °N (5591)
Family: Assimineidae
Syncera translucens Carpenter, 1864
Dist: 25-48°N (2551), B. C. to Lower Calif. (2026)
Family: Rissoidae
Alvania burrardensis (2551)
Dist: 49 °N (2551)
Alvania carpenteri Weinkauff, 1885
Dist: 37-55°N (2551), 36-54°N (5591)
Alvania compacta Carpenter, 1865
Dist: 33-55°N (2551), 33-57 °N (559 1)
Alvania filosa Carpenter, 1865
Dist: 48°N (2551), 48-57°N (5591)
Coll: Wash: Neah Bay ( 5591)
Alvania montereyensis Bartsch, 1911
Dist: 35-57°N (2551), 36 -58 °N (5591)
Alvania sanjuanensis Bartsch, 1921
Dist: 48°N (2551), 48-57°N (5591)
577
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Rissoidae
Barleeia haliotiphila Carpenter, 1864
Dist: 30-41 °N (2551)
Barleeia marmorea Carpenter, 1864
Dist: 34-54°N (2551) (5591)
Barleeia oldroydi Bartsch, 1920
Dist: 33-49°N (2551), 33-54°N (5591)
Barleeia sanjuanensis Bartsch, 1920
Dist: 48°N(2551)
Rissoina newcombei Pall, 1897
Dist: 48-55°N (2551)
Family: Turritellidae
Tachyrhynchus lacteolus Carpenter 1865
Dist: 27-56°N (2551), 27-60°N (5591)
Tachyrhynchus pratomus Pall, 1919
Dist: 25-56°N (2551) (5591)
Tachyrhynchus reticulatus Mighels and Adams, 1842
Dist: 48-72°N (2551) (5591)
Tachyrhynchus subplanatus Carpenter 1865
Dist: 33-48°N (2551)
Turritellopsis stimpsoni Pall, 1919
Pist: 27-60°N (2551)
Family: Caecidae
Fartulum bakeri Bartsch, 1920
Pist: 23-61 °N (2551)
578
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Caecidae
Fartulum occidentals Bartsch. 1920
Dist: 28-60°N (2551)
Micranellum crebricinctum Carpenter, 1864
Dist: 30-55°N (2551)
Micranellum oregonese Bartsch. 1920
Dist: 33-60°N (2551)
Family: Vermetidae
Aletes squamigerus (Carpenter. 1856) - See Serpulorbis
Bivonia compacta Carpenter, 1864
Dist: 34-49°N (2551)
Dendropoma lituellus (Morck, 1861)
Sprioglyphus lituellus - (5591 , p85)
Dist: 33-55°N (2551) (5591)
Petaloconchus complicatus Pall 1908
Dist: 8-48°N (2551), 8-49°N (5591)
Petaloconchus montereyensis (Pall, 1919) - (2033,p26l)
Coll: Central Calif, coast, intertidal (2033 , p26l)
Serpulorbis squamigerus (Carpenter, 1856)
Aletes squamigerus - (2033, p26l)
Dist: -1 to 55°N (2551)
Hab: Intertidal
Family: Cerithiidae
Bittium attenuatum (Carpenter, 1864)
Dist: 30-55°N (2551), Forrester Island, Alaska to Lower
Calif. (3815,P45)
Hab: Rocky beaches or amongst seaweed, dredged to 35 fms
(3815,p45)
579
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Cerithiidae
Bittium boreale Bartsch, 1911
Dist: 48-54°N (2551) (5591)
Bittium chalisae Bartsch, 1917
Dist: 48°N (2551), 48-52°N (5591)
Bittium eschrichtii (Middendorff, 1849) - (2385, pi 1)
Dist: 48-57°N (2551), Alaska to Calif. (3815,pll)
Coll: Puget Sound (2031,p273); Ore: Coos Bay region
(2385,p!2)
Hab: Live specimens abundant on undersurfaces of rocks
at -1 ft to -0. 6 ft level in sand beneath rocks (2385, pi 2),
rocks, grass or on algae (2031,p273), rocky beaches
at low tide, also in salt marshes, among algae, and
on oyster beds (3185,p44)
Bittium montereyense (2551)
Dist: 23-43°N (2551)
Bittium munitum Carpenter, 1864
Dist: 37-57°N (2551) (5591)
Bittium oldroydae Bartsch, 1911
Dist: 34°N (2551), 28-48°N (5591)
Bittium vancouverense Pall and Bartsch, 1910
Dist: 48-60°N (2551) (5591)
Cerithidea californica (Haldeman, 1840) -(2033,p26l)
Coll: Central Calif, coast, intertidal ( 2033 , p26l )
Cerithiopsis charlottensis Bartsch, 1917
Dist: 48-60°N (2551) (5591)
Cerithiopsis columna - (2551); (Carpenter, 1864) - (2385,p!2)
Dist: 37-48°N (2551), 32-50 °N (5591)
Coll: Coos Bay, Oregon (2385 , pi 2)
Hab: Found in tide pools and under rocks (2385,pi 2)
Cerithiopsis fraseri (Bartsch, 1921)
Dist: 48-50°N (2551)
580
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Cerithiidae
Cerithiopsis montereyensis Bartsch, 1911
Dist: 37-40°N (2551)
Coll: Mendocino to Monterey, Calif. (2026)
Cerithiopsis onealensis (Bartsch, 1921) (255X)
Dist: 48°N(2551)
Cerithiopsis paramoea Bartsch, 1911
Dist: 48°N(2551)
Coll: Wash: Neah Bay (2026)
Cerithiopsis sigma (Bartsch 1921)
Dist: 48°N (2551)
Cerithiopsis stephensae Bartsch, 1909
Dist: 48-55°N (2551) (5591)
Cerithiopsis truncata Pall 1886
Dist: 48-55°N (2551), 48-57 °N (559 1)
Cerithiopsis willetti (Bartsch, 1921)
Dist: 48-55°N (2551) (5591)
Seila montereyensis (Bartsch, 1907) - (2033,p26l)
Coll: Central Calif, coast, intertidal (2033 , p26l); 32-37 °N ( 2551
Family: Litiopidae
Diala acuta Carpenter, 1864
Dist: 27-48°N (2551)
Diala marmorea Carpenter, 1864
Dist: 34-54°N (2551)
581
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Hipponicidae
Family: Hipponicidae
Hipponix antiquatus (Linnaeus, 1767) -(2033,p262)
Dist: -1 to 42°N (2551)
Coll: Central Calif, coast, intertidal (2033 , p262)
Note: Possible synonym of H_. cranioides (5591)
Hipponix barbatus Sowerby, 1835
Dist: 1 °S to 42°N (2551), Crescent City, Calif, to Galapagos
(2026)
Hipponix cranioides - (2551); (Carpenter, 1864)
H. antiquatus Linne
Dist: 34-48 °N (2551), Queen Charlotte Islands to San Diego,
Calif. (3815,p47)
Hab: On rocks at low tide (3815,p47)
Note: Shells often covered with algae making them hard to
see (3815,p47)
Hipponix tumens (Carpenter, 1865) -(2033,p262)
Dist: 19-42°N (2551), also north of Vancouver Island
(3815,p48)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , p262)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p262), on rocks (381 5 , p48)
Family: Calyptraeidae
Calyptraea fastigiata (Gould, 1846)
Dist: 48-56°N (2551) (5591), Alaska to Calif. (3815,p49)
Coll: Puget Sound (2031 ,p289)
Hab: On rocks and on each other (2031,p289), usually in
fairly deep water but may be found at low tide on west
coast of Vancouver Island, on rocks, other snails,
floating kelp, or attached to crabs (3815,p49)
Crepidula adunca (Sowerby. 1925) -(2385,pl9)
Dist: 23-48°N (2551), Queen Charlotte Islands to Lower
Calif. (3815,p50)
582
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Calyptraeidae
Crepidula adunca - continued
Coll: Puget Sound (Z031,p287); Ore: Coos Bay region
(2385,pll); central Calif, coast ( 2033 , p262)
Hab: Found attached to shells of Searlejsia dira and Tegula
funebralis but some found on Thais lamellosa (2385, pll),
attached to rocks or other shells (2031,p287), intertidal
(2033,p262), shallow water, on rocks or other shells,
common on Tegula pulligo and Calliostoma ligatum,
often on one another (3815,p50)
Crepidula fimbriata Reeve 1859
Dist: 23-49°N (2551)
Crepidula lingulata Gould 1 846
Dist: 8-60°N (2551), Bering Sea to Panama, common along
B. C. coast (3815,p51)
Hab: On rocks and on living gastropods (3815,p51)
Crepidula nivea C. B. Adams 1852
Coll: Puget Sound, adheres to rocks, shells or one another
(2031,p285)
Crepidula nummaria (Gould, 1846)
Dist: 23-65°N (2551), Alaska to Panama (381 5 ,p52)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2385, pi 0); central Calif.
coast(2033,p262)
Hab: Live specimens found attached to undersides of small
rocks at -1. 0 to -0.8 ft tide levels (2385,plO),
intertidal (2033,p262), shallow to very deep water on
rocks and dead shells (3815,p52)
Habits: White slipper-shells are often found living in aperatures
of shells, particularly Tegula and. Polinices,
inhabited by hermit crabs (3815,p52)
Crepidula nummaria perforans (Valenciennes, 1846) - (2385,plO)
Coll: Empty shells found in Coos Bay region (2385, pi 0)
Crepidula orbiculata Pall, 1919
Dist: 33-60°N (2551)
583
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Calyptraeidae
Crepidula perforans (Valenciennes, 1846) -(2033,p262)
Dist: 8-48°N(2551)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , p262)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p262)
Crepipatella lingulata (Gould, 1846) -(2033,p262)
Coll: Central Calif, coast, intertidal (2033 , p262)
Crucibulum spinosum Sowerby, 1854
Dist: 6°S to 42°N (2551), Trinidad, Calif, to Chile (2026 , pi 1 6)
Family: Trichotropidae
Trichotropis cancellata (Hinds, 1843)
Dist: Bering Sea to Oregon (3815, p58) (2026, p41)
Coll: Puget Sound (2031 ,p275)
Hab: Rocky shores where water is cold, dredged to 25 fms
(3815,P58)
Family: Natieidae
Eunaticina oldroydii (Pall, 1897)
Dist: 33-45°N (2551), 32-52 °N (5591 )
Note: Empty shells found on sands of Coos Bay region (2385, pi 0)
Natica clausi (Eroderip & Sowerby, 1829)
Dist: Arctic Ocean to southern Calif. ; also Arctic Ocean to
North Carolina, northern Europe (3815,p56)
Hab: Usually this species is taken in deep water or sometimes
from fish stomachs; where water is cold, deeper in
sand than the moon snail (3815,p56)
Repro: Description of egg cases (3815,p56)
Natica rus£a_ Gould. 1859
Dist: 33-71 °N (2551), 32-71 °N ( 5591)
584
-------
MOLLUSCA GASTROPODA - Natieidae
Polinices algidus Gould, 1858
Dist: 48-55°N (2551) (5591)
Polinices canonicus Pall, 1919
Dist: 33-55°N (2551) (5591)
Polinices caurinus Gould, 1847
Dist: 33-64°N (2551), 32-55 °N (5591)
Polinices draconis (Pall, 1903)
Dist: 32-58°N (2551), 31 -58°N (5591)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region, empty shells brought up in
crab pots (2385,plO); central Calif, coast (2033, p262)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p262)
Polinices gro'nlandicus Moller, 1842
Dist: 37-72°N (2551) (5591)
Polinices imperforatus Stearns, 1909
Dist: 33-42°N (2551), Crescent City, Calif, to San Diego
(2026,pi 29)
Polinices lewisii (Gould, 1847) ( 2551) (2385 , pi 0)
Lunatia lewisi Gould (3815,p55)
bTst: 33-51 °N (2551), 31-50 °N ( 5591 )
Coll: Puget Sound, sandy beaches (2031,p291); Ore: empty
shells found in Coos Bay region (2385,plO); central
Calif, coast (2033, p262)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p262), sandy, gravelly, or muddy flats
in shallow water and down to 25 fms (3815,p54)
Feeding: Mechanism of feeding, important predator of clams
(3815,P54)
Repro: Egg case description, eggs hatch mid-summer; larva
have free-swimming period; small specimens obtained
only with dredge (3815,p54)
Polinices nanus Moller, 1842
Dist: 33-72°N (2551) (5591)
585
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Natieidae
Polinices pallidus (Broderip and Sowerby, 1829) - (2385,plO) (2551)
Dist: 37-72°N(2551) (5591)
Coll: Ore: empty shell found between rocks, Coos Bay region
(2385,plO)
Polinices reclusianus (Deshayes, 1839)
Dist: 21-42°N (2551), Crescent City, Calif, to San Diego
(2026)
Hab: Intertidal and subtidal (2576,p62)
Habits: Predator on Hystero concha^ (2576,p62)
Family: Lamellariidae
Lamellaria orbiculata Pall, 1871
L_. stearnsii (5591)
Dist: 23-54°N (2551)
Lamellaria rhombica Pall, 1871
Dist: 24-48°N (2551), Neah Bay, Washington to Lower
Calif. (2026)
Lamellaria stearnsii Pall, 1871
Dist: 21-53°N (2551), 21 -60 °N (5591)
Family: Velutinidae
Velutina laevigata (Linnaeus. 1767)
Dist: 37-71 °N (2551) (5591), circumboreal; Labrador to
Massachusetts; Arctic Ocean to Calif. (3815,p57)
Hab: A cold water species found on rocks at low tide; dredged
from 3-15 fms and from as deep as 50 fms farther
south (3815,p57)
Habits: No operculum, clings to rock limpet-fashion (3815,p57),
for protection, exudes frothy white slime (3815,p57)
Feeding: Thought to be carnivorous, probably feeding on
small invertebrates as hydrozoans, compound
ascidians, etc. (3815,p57)
586
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Velutinidae
Velutina prolongata (Carpenter. 1865) -(2385,p9)
Dist: 37-65°N (5591)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2385,p9)
Hab: Found in tide pools containing Zostera (2385, p9)
Velutina zonata Gould, 1841
Dist: 37-71 °N (2551) (5591)
Family: Eratoidae
Trivia californiana (Gray, 1828)
Pusula calif orniana - (2033,p26)
Dist: 20-42°N (2551), Crescent City, Calif, to Mexico
(2026)
Coll: Central Calif, coast, intertidal ( 2033 , p26l )
Family: Cymatiidae
Argobuccinum - See Fusitriton
Fusitriton oregonensis (Redfield, 1848)
Dist: Bering Sea to San Diego, Calif. (3815,p59), 33-59°N
(2551), 32-60°N (5591)
Coll: Oregon, 88-200m (3003,p!5)
Hab: Deep water, occasionally on beach (2031 , p269 ),
frequently taken on set-lines and in shrimp traps in
fairly deep water; presumably they frequent rocky bottom
since the apex is usually worn, especially in larger
(older) shells; occasionally they have been found at
low tide, probably when they have come in to spawn
(3815,P59)
Repro: Egg case description, larvae description (3815,p60)
587
-------
MOLLUSCA GASTROPODA - Muricidae
Family: Muricidae
Boreotrophon beringi (Pall, 1902)
Dist: 48-71 °N (2551) (5591)
Note: Trophon goes to Boreotrophon
Boreotrophon dalli (Kobelt, 1878)
Dist: 48-72°N (2551) (5591)
Boreotrophon disparilis (Pall, 1891)
Dist: 33-48°N (2551), 33-54°N (5591)
Boreotrophon macouni (Pall, 1919)
Dist: 48-58°N (2551) (5591)
Boreotrophon multicostatus Eschscholtz, 1829
Dist: 34-60°N (2551) (5591)
Boreotrophon orpheus (Gould, 1849)
Dist: 46-48°N (2551) (5591)
Boreotrophon pacificus (Pall, 1902)
Pist: 17-72°N (2551) (5591)
Boreotrophon smithi (Pall, 1902)
Pist: 34-57°N (2551) (5591)
Boreotrophon staphylinus (Pall, 1902)
Pist: 33-55°N (2551), 32-57 °N (5591)
Boreotrophon stuarti (Smith, 1880)
Pist: 33-55°N (2551), 33-60 °N (5591)
Coll: Oregon, 46-106m (3003,p!4)
Boreotrophon tenuisculptus (Carpenter. 1866)
Pist: 32-60°N (2551) (5591)
Ceratostoma foliata (Gmelin 1790) - (3815,p69)
Purpura foliata
Pist: Sitka, Alaska to San Piego, Calif. (3815,p70),
33-60°N(5591)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2385, pi 3); central Calif, coast
(2033,p263)
588
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Muricidae
Ceratostoma foliata (Gmelin 1790) continued
Hab: Rocky beaches, dredged to 35 fms (3815, p70)
Repro: Yellow lily-shaped egg cases are frequently deposited
on animal's own shell; each capsule contains about
25 eggs (3815,P70)
Ocenebra atropurpurea Pall, 1919
Dist: 32-50°N (5591)
Ocenebra barbarensis Gabb, 1866
Dist: 32-50°N (5591)
Ocenebra circumtexta (Stearns, 1871) - (2033, p263)
Coll: Central Calif, coast, intertidal (2033 , p263)
Ocenebra gracillima (Stearns,, 1871) - (2033,p263)
Coll: Central Calif, coast, intertidal (2033 , p263)
Ocenebra interfossa (Carpenter, 1864)
Dist: Alaska to Lower Calif. (3815, p72), 32-60 °N (5591)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2385); central Calif, coast
(2033,p263)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p263), common on rocky beaches at
low-tide levels and to moderate depths (3815,p72)
Ocenebra japonica (Dunker, I860)
Dist: Japan and North China; B. C. (3815,p73)
Coll: B. C. : Ladysmith Harbour, Boundary Bay, Gomox,
Crofton, The'tis Island, and Sooke (3815,p73)
Hab: Rocky beaches, esp. on oyster beds (3815, p73)
Note: Introduced from Japan (3815,p73)
Repro: Doesn't have a pelagic larva, it has not spread of
its own accord (3815,p73)
Ocenebra lurida (Middendorff, 1849) - (2033, p263)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (3815,p71), 34-60 °N ( 559 1)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2385); central Calif, coast
(2033,p263)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p263), rocky beaches at low-tide level
(3815,P71)
589
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Muricidae
Tritonalia alpha
Dist: 40-48°N (2551)
Tritonalia aspera Baird, 1863
BTst: 34-57 °N (2551)
Tritonalia fraseri Oldroyd, 1920
Dist: 49 °N (2551)
Tritonalia michaeli Ford, 1888
Dist: 23-48°N (2551)
Tritonalia munda Carpenter, 1864
Dist: 33-59°N (2551)
Tritonalia painei Pall, 1903
Dist: 33-55°N (2551)
Tritonalia sclera Pall, 1919
Dist: 34-47°N (2551)
Trophonopsis tripherus (Pall, 1902)
Dist: 31-48°N (2551), 32-48 °N (5591)
Urosalpinx cinereus (Say, 1822) -(2033,p262)
Urosalpinx cinerea - (3815,p74)
Dist: Atlantic Coast, Nova Scotia to Florida; B. C.
(3815,P74)
Coll: B.C.: Boundary Bay (3815, p74) ; central Calif, coast
(2033,p262)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p262), intertidal and down to 4-5 fms
(3815,P74)
Note: Introduced to B. C. from Atlantic Coast; numbers
have decreased, so less serious pest than Japanese
drill (3815,p74)
Repro: Move inshore to spawn, capsules contain 8-12 eggs
(3815,P74)
590
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Thaisidae
Family: Thaisidae
Acanthina spirata (Blainville. 1832) -(2033,p263)
Dist: 19-48°N (2551), 17-49 °N (5591)
Coll: Central Calif, coast, intertidal (2033 , p263)
Thais canaliculata (Duclos. 1832) - (2551) (2385)
Dist: 37-57 °N (2551) (5591), Aleutians to Calif. (3815, p79)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region, frequents entire littoral
region, mostly in mussel beds and on barnacle -
covered rocks (2385. p!4); central Calif, coast (2033. p263)
Thais cymica Dall, 1915 - (2385, pi3)
Dist: 38-48°N (2551)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region; found throughout littoral region;
most characteristic habitat among barnacle-covered
rocks (2385,p!3)
Thais emarginata (Deshayes, 1839)
Dist: 16-58°N (2551), Bering Sea to Mexico (381 5, p77)
Coll: Ore:- Coos Bay region (2385, p!3); central Calif, coast.
(2033,p263)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p263); under rocks or in tide pools,
wave beat zone (2031 , p265), in Mytilus californianus
community succession (2233,p246), rocky beaches
but not in protected inlets (381 5, p77), found on
mussel-covered rocks and on more exposed rocks,
can endure severe environmental changes (2385, pi 3)
Thais lamellosa (Gmelin, 1792)
Dist: 34-65°N (2551), Bering Strait to Calif. (3815,p76)
Coll: B. C. (3804,p!26) (3815,p76); Ore:. Coos Bay region
(2385,p!3); central Calif, coast (2033 , p263)
Hab: Distributed throughout littoral region, most characteristic
habitat is among barnacle-covered rocks (2385, pi 3),
intertidal (2033,p263), barnacle strewn rocks or tide
pools (2031,p263), sheltered rocky shores (3805,p!26),
rocky beaches, in both sheltered and exposed locations
(3815,p76)
Food: Young ascidians, oysters, barnacles, own eggs
(2031,p263), barnacles, clams and other molluscs
(3804,p!26)
Repro: Egg capsules attached to some solid support (3804, pi 26)
(3815,p76), breed in winter (in B. C. ), congregate then
at low-tide level (3815,p76)
Monograph on local clines and races (3427)
591
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA Thaisidae
Thais lima (Martyn, 1784) -(2551)
Dist: 28-66 °N (2551), Arctic Ocean to Lower Calif. ; Japan
(3815,P78)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region
Hab: Occurs on mussel beds and higher exposed rocks
(2385, p!4), rocky beaches at low-tide levels and into
deeper water (3815,p78)
Thais ostrina Gould, 1852 -(2551)
Dist: 31-61 °N (2551); Oregon to Calif. (2026)
Turbonilla eschscholtzi Dall and Bartsch 1907
Dist: 48-55°N (2551), Forrester Island, Alaska to Puget
Sound (3815,p62)
Hab: More often dredged, but it has been taken at low tide
on a reef near Sechelt Narrows, B. C. (3815,p62)
Family: Buccinidae
Buccinum diplodetum Dall, 1907
Dist: 47-55°N (2551), 47-57 °N (2551 )
Buccinum fucanum Dall, 1907
Dist: 44-48°N (2551)
Buccinum glaciale Linnaeus, 1761
Dist: 48-72°N (2551) (5591)
Buccinum oedematum Dall. 1907
Dist: 47-55°N (2551)
Buccinum strigillatum (Dall. 1891)
Dist: 29-48°N (2551)
Coll: Oregon, 50-347m (3003 , pi 5)
Buccinum tenue Gray. 1839
Dist: 48-72°N (2551)
Volutharpa ampullacea Middendorff. 1848
Dist: 48-66°N (2551) (5591)
592
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Neptuneidae
Family: Neptuneidae
Ancistrolepis californicus Pall, 1919
Dist: 33-48°N (2551), 32-51 °N (5591)
Ancistrolepis eucosmius Pall, 1891
Pist: 45-57°N (2551), 44-57 °N (5591)
Beringius undatus Pall, 1919
Pist: 49-55°N (2551) (5591)
Chrysodomus tabulatus Baird - ( 2031)
See Neptunea tabulata
Colus adonis Pall, 1919
Pist: 33-48°N (2551), 33 -50°N (5591)
Colus aphelus Pall, 1889
Pist: 33-56°N (2551), 32-57 °N (5591)
Colus dimidiatus Pall, 1919
Pist: 46°N(2551)
Colus errones Pall, 1919
Pist: 48-56°N (2551) (5591)
Colus^ georgianus Pall, 1919
Pist: 50°N (2551), 32-49°N (5591)
Colus halidonus Pall, 1919
Pist: 37-56°N (2551), 32-56 °N (5591)
Colus halimeris Pall, 1919
Pist: 33-49°N (2551), 33-54°N (5591)
Colus halli Pall, 1873
Pist: 33-60°N (2551), 32-60 °N (5591)
593
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Neptuneidae
Colus jordani Ball, 1913
Dist: 37-6CPN (2551), 32-60 °N (5591)
Colus roseus (Pall, 1877)
Coll: Oregon, 147-174m (3003 , pi 5)
Colus severinus (Pall, 1919)
Pist: 31-51°N (5591)
Coll: Oregon, 200-360m (3003 , pi 5)
Colus spitsbergensis Reeve, 1855
~~ Pist: 48-72°N(2551)(5591)
Colus tahwitanus Pall, 1918
Pist: 48°N (2551), 48-49°N (5591)
Colus trophius Pall, 1919
Pist: 34-56°N (2551)
Exilioidea rectirostris Carpenter, 1865
Pist: 30-56°N (2551), 30-60°N (5591)
Mohnia vernalis Pall, 1913
Pist: 37-46°N (2551), 36-52 °N (5591)
Neptunea amianta (Pall, 1890) -(2587,pll9)
Pist: 34-56°N (2551) (5591)
Hab: 400-1 000 fms (2587 , pi 19)
Neptunea lirata (Gmelin. 1791) - (2587, pi 19);(Martyn, 1784) - (3003,p!5)
Pist: 32-71 °N (5591), 37-71 °N (2551), S-E Alaska to
B. C. (2587,P119)
Coll: Oregon, 126-1426m (3003, p!5)
Neptunea phoenicea (Pall, 1891)
Pist: 45-55°N (2551), 45-56 °N (5591)
Coll: B. C. and Puget Sound (2587, pi 19)
Neptunea pribiloffensis (Pall. 1919) - (2587,pl!9)
Pist: Gulf of Alaska to B. C. (2587 , pi 19), 48 -60 °N (5591)
594
-------
MOLLUSCA GASTROPODA - Columbellidae
Neptunea smirnia (Pall, 1919)
Dist: 48-60°N (2551) (5591)
Coll: Calif: Humboldt Bay (2587 , pi 19)
Neptunea stilesi A. G. Smith
Dist: Cape Scott, B. C. to Cape Flattery, Wash. (2587,pll?;
Hab: Apparently lives on fairly soft mud bottom (2587, pi 19)
Note: Comparison -with other Neptunea by range and shell
characteristics (2587,pl!9)
Neptunea tabulata (Baird. 1863) - (2551) (2385,p!5)
Chrysodomus tabulatus
Dist: 33-51 °N (2551), 33-54°N (5591)-
Coll: Ore: One empty shell collected on Bassendorf Beach,
Coos Bay region (2385, pi 5)
Plicifusus griseus Pall, 1890
Dist: 33-60°N (2551), 32-60°N (5591 )
Plicifus laticordatus Pall, 1907
Pist: 48-60°N (5591) (2251)
Searlesi dira (Reeve, 1846)
Pist: 37-56°N (2551), Alaska to Calif. (3815, p64), 37-56°N
(5591)
Coll: B. C. : Common along coast (3815,p64); Wash: Puget
Sound (2031 ,p257); Ore: Coos Bay region (2385,p!5);
central Calif, coast (2033 , p262)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p262), rocky beaches at low-tide level
and below (3815,p64), sometimes taken in deep water
in shrimp traps and on set-lines (3815-, p64), found in
mid- and lower-littoral region, often encrusted with
coralline algae (2385, pi 5)
Family: Columbellidae
Amphissa columbiana (Pall, 1916)
Dist: 34-56°N (2551), Alaska to Calif. (3815,p80)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2385 , pi 5)
595
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Columbellidae
Amphissa columbiana (Pall, 1916)- continued
Hab: Found among algae-covered rocks and underneath
these rocks in sand (2385,p!5), rocky beaches at low
tide, mud bottom in 16 fms off Calif. (3815,p80)
Amphissa reticulata Pall, 1916
Pist: 33-58°N (2551), 32-60°N (5591)
Amphissa versicolor (Pall, 1871)
Pist: 28-44°N (2551), 28-54°N (5591)
Coll: Ore: 25-146m (3003,p!4); central Calif, coast (2033, p262)
Hab: Intel-tidal (2033,p262) in climatic biotic Mytilus californianus
community ( 2233 , p246)
Mitrella carinata (Hinds, 1844)
Pist: 23-60°N (5591)
Coll: Central Calif, coast, intertidal (2033, p262)
Mitrella gausapata (Gould, 1850)
Pist: 27-60°N (2551), Alaska to San Piego, Calif. (3815,p82)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2385, p!4)
Hab: Empty shells found in sand beneath rocks west of
shell beach at North Bay, Oregon (2385,pl4); around
roots of eel grass or on algae-covered rocks,
dredged from 5 fms at Ladysmith, B. C. (3815,p82)
Mitrella gouldii Carpenter, 1856
Pist: 24-55°N (2551) (5591)
Mitrella hypodra Pall, 1916 - (2551)
Pist: 14-48°N (2551) (5591)
Mitrella luculenta Pall. 1919
Pist: 33-48°N (2551), 38-48 °N (5591)
Mitrella per mode sta Pall. 1890
Pist: 33-55°N (2551) (5591)
Mitrella tuberosa Carpenter, 1865
Pist: 23-55°N (2551) (5591)
596
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Nassariidae
Family: Nassariidae
Nassarius californianus
^1. rhinetes
Schizopyga californiana (Conrad, 1856)
Dist: 25-43°N (2551)
Coll: Ore: empty shells found in Coos Bay region (2385,pl4)
Nassarius cooperi (Forbes. 1850)
Dist: 33-48°N (2551)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , p262)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p262)
Nassarius fossatrus (Gould, 1849)
Schizopyga fossatus
Dist: 27-49°N (2551), Queen Charlotte Islands to Lower Calif.
(3815,p66)
Coll: Oregon, 25-68m (3003 , p!4), empty shells in Coos Bay
region; Calif: central coast ( 2033 , p262), Samoa (2686 , p39)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p262), concentrated at 7 fms ( 2686 , p39 ),
around or under rocks in sand or mud at low tide,
dredged off Calif. (3815,p66)
Feeding: Burrows in search of prey, with siphon above
surface, wraps foot around food until devoured
(3815,P66)
Repro: Egg laying process (3815,p66)
Nassarius indisputabilis (Oldroyd)
Dist: 34-48°N (2551)
Nassarius mendicus (Gould, 1849)
Schizopyga mendicus
Dist: 25-55°N (2551), Alaska to Lower Calif. (3815,p67),
25-60°N(5591)
Coll: Ore: 73-146m (3003 , pi 5), Coos Bay ( 2385); Calif. (2033)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p262), rocky beaches at low tide, has
been dredged to 1 0 fms, also taken from deeper water
in shrimp traps and on set-lines (3815,p67); brought up
by fishermen in otter trawl (2385, pi 6)
Nassarius obsoletus (Say, 1822)
Dist: 38-54°N (5591), B. C. to Calif; Nova Scotia to Fla.
(3815,P68)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033 , p262)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p262), mud flats, often where water is
brackish (3815,p68)
597
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Nassariidae
Nassarius obsoletus (Say, 1822) - continued
Repro: Egg capsules laid on eel grass in spring, inside
moon snail collar, or on an old bivalve shell; many
deposited together; each capsule attached by short
stalk (3815,p68)
Note: Introduced with oyster spat from east coast (3815,p68)
Nassarius perpinquis (Hinds, 1844)
Dist: 28-48°N (2551), 25-54°N (5591)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (empty shells) (2385, p!4); intertidal
on Central California coast (2033,p262)
Family: Fusinidae
Fusinus barbarensis Trash, 1885
Dist: 33-44°N (2551)
Fusinus harfordii Stearns, 1871
Dist: 41-°N(2551), 39-51 °N (5591)
Fusinus luteopictus (Pall, 1877)
Coll: Central Calif, coast, intertidal (2033 , p262)
Family: Mitridae
Mitra catalinae Pall, 1919
Dist: 33-42°N (2551), Crescent City, Calif, to San Diego (2026)
Volutomitra alaskana Pall. 1902
Pist: 33-57°N (2551)
Family: Marginallidae
Cypraeolina pyriformis (Carpenter. 1865) -(2033,p262)
Pist: 23-58 °N (2551), Alaska to Gulf of Calif. (3815, p85)
Coll: Central Calif, coast, intertidal (2033 , p262)
598
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Marginallidae
Cypraeolina pyriformis (Carpenter, 1865) - continued
Hab: At low-tide level to depth of 40 fms; on mud or gravel,
in rock crevices, on backs of larger shells, and
occasionally on kelp (38l5,p85)
Family: Olividae
Admete californica Pall. 1908
Dist: 23-45°N (2551)
Admete couthouyi Jay, 1839
Dist: 33-72°N (2551) (5591)
Admete gracilior Carpenter, 1866
Dist: 33-71°N (2551), 32-72°N (5591)
Admete laevior Locke, 1878
Dist: 47-72°N (2551) (5591)
Cancellaria modesta Carpenter, 1865
Dist: 48-56°N (2551), 48-60 °N (5591)
Cancellaria unalaskensis Pall, 1873
Dist: 43-55°N (2551) (5591)
Olivella baetica (Carpenter, 1863) - (2551)
Dist: 23-57°N (2551), Alaska to Lower Calif. (3815,p84),
23-60°N (5591)
Coll: Central Calif, coast, intertidal (2033 ,p262)
Hab: Sandy beaches and sometimes from deeper
water, off B. C. at 34 fms, 25 fms, 10 fms (3815,p84)
Note: Found in starfish stomachs (3815,p84)
Olivella biplicata (Sowerby, 1825)
Dist: 25-49°N (2551), Sitka, Alaska to Lower Calif. (3815,p83),
25-54°N (5591)
Coll: Ore: 22-1 00m (3003 , p!4), Coos Bay, found during very
low tides partly buried in sand (2385,p!5); Calif:
central coast (2033,p262), Clam Beach (2686,p32)
599
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Olividae
Qlivella biplicata continued
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p262) (2686, p32), sandy beaches
(3815,p83), intertidal sand flats of exposed stretches
of coast, and in protected areas of harbors, bays,
estuaries (3785,p259)
Habits: Remains dormant during low tide, becomes active
with return of waves (3785, p259), distribution by
external agents (waves, currents) as well as active
moving (3785, p259)
Life Cycle: Veliger to sexually mature stage: 3-5 years;
life expectancy: 8-12 years (3785,p255)
Repro: (3800,p297) (3801), throughout the year (2785,p259)
Predators: Octopus, Conus californieus, Polinices recluzianus,
Pisaster brevispinus, Astropecten armatus, crabs,
shore birds, man; predator techniques (3787, p326),
although variety of predators, population effects
lessened (1) by species specific avoidance responses
(3787,p329) (2) by adults burying themselves in bright
light thus avoiding visual predators (3787, p331)
(3) by variations in predator distribution and predator
food choice (3787, p331); more important mortality
factors include (1) parasitic trematodes (2) freshwater
flooding, silting (3787, p331)
Olivella predroana Conrad, 1855
Dist: 23-55°N(2551)(5591)
Olivella pycna Berry, 1935 - (2033,p262)
Coll: Calif: central coast ( 2033 , p262), Samoa ( 2686, p39 )
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p262); non-intertidal: concentrated
at 7 fms (2686,p39)
Family: Conidae
Conus californieus (Hinds. 1844) (2033,p262)
Dist: 26-38°N (2551)
Coll: Central Calif, coast, intertidal ( 2033 , p262)
Feeding: Vermivore (2589 , pi 63)
Family: Turridae
Clathurella canfieldi (Pall, 1871)
Philbertia canfieldi
Dist: 33-41 °N (2551)
600
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Turridae
Crypto gemma pernodata Pall, 1908
Dist: 16-46°N (2551)
Cryptogemma polycaste Ball, 1919
Dist: 23-45°N (2551)
Mangelia victoriana
Cytharelia victoriana Pali, 1897
Dist: 48°N(2551)
Pleurotomella thalassica Pall, 1919
Pist: 45°N(2551)
Pseudomelatoma torosa (Carpenter, 1865)
Pist: 27-40°N (2551)
Coll: Central Calif, coast, intertidal ( 2033 , p262)
Taranis strongi Arnold, 1903
Pist: 33-55°N (2551) (5591)
Family: Borosiinae
Lora alaskensis Pall, 1871
Pist: 48-66°N (2551) (5591)
Lora babylonia Pall, 1919
Pist: 45°N(2551)
Lora colpoica Pall, 1919
Pist: 46°N(2551)
Lora exarata Mailer, 1842
Pist: 37-72°N (2551)
Lora excurvata Carpenter, 1865
Pist: 48-56°N (2551)
Lora fidicula Gould, 1849
Pist: 49-55°N (2551), 48-56°N (5591
601
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Borosiinae
Lora harpularia Couthouy; 1838
Dist: 48-72°N (2551)
Lora lotta Pall, 1919
Dist: 33-55°N (2551), 33-54°N (5591)
Lora maurellei Pall and Bartsch, 1910
Dist: 48°N(2551)
Lora miona Pall, 1919
Dist: 38-55°N (2551), 35-55 °N (5591 )
Lora pleurotomaria Couthouy, 1838
Dist: 48-60°N (2551)
Lora popovia Pall, 1919
Dist: 37-57°N (2551) (5591^
Lora pribilova Pall, 1919
Pist: 37-71 °N (2551 )
Lora quadra Pall, 1919
Pist: 48-56°N (2551), 43-56°N (5591)
Lora rosea Loven, 1846
Pist: 48-56°N (2551), 48-57°N (5591)
Lora solida Pall. 1886
Pist: 48-63°N (2551) (5591)
Lora tabulata Carpenter. 1865
Pist: 37-57°N (2551), 36-57 °N (5591 )
Lora turricula Montagu. 1803 -(2551)
Pist: 48-72°N (2551) (5591)
Mitromorpha gracilior Hemphill, 1884
Pisfc: 30-55°N (2551), 32-55 °N (5591)
602
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTROPODA - Cochlespirinae
Family: Cochlespirinae
Aforia circinata Pall, 1873
Pist: 48-62°N (2551) (5591)
Antiplanes abarbarea (Pall, 1919)
Coll: Oregon, 1 28-51 2m (3003 , pi 5)
Antiplanes litus Pall, 1919
Pist: 35-47°N (2551), 35-49°N( 591)
Antiplanes perversa (Gabb, 1865)
Pist: 30-55°N (2551), 29-57 °N ( 5591)
Coll: Oregon, 50-245m (3003 , pi 5), one empty shell found
from South Slough, Coos Bay region (2385, pi 6)
Antiplanes rotula (Pall, 1919)
Pist: 33-55°N (2551)
Coll: Oregon: Empty shell brought up in otter trawl off
Coos Bay(2385,pl6)
Antiplanes thalaea Pall, 1902
Pist: 33-54°N (2551), 32-55 °N (5591)
Antiplanes vinosa (Pall, 1874)
Pist: 33-59°N (2551)
Coll: Oregon, 146-1250m (3003,p!5)
Leucosyrinx blanca Pall, 1919
Pist: 43°N(2551)
Leucosyrinx leonis Pall, 1908
Pist: 33-47°N(2551)
603
-------
MOLLUSCA - GASTBOPODA - Mangeliinae
Family: Mangeliinae
Clathrodrillia fancherae Ball, 1903
Clathrodillia halcyonis (5591) Synonym
Dist: 33-49 °N (2551), 27° to 49° (5591)
Clathrodrillia incisa Carpenter, 1865
Dist: 33-48°N (2551 ) , 32 ° to 45 ° N (559 1
Clathrodrillia rhines Pall, 1908
ist: 33-48°N (2551), 32° to48°N(5591)
Mangelia aleutica Pall, 1871
Pist: 48-72°N (2551); (5591)
Mangelia arteaga Pall and Bartsch, 1910
Pist: 33-48°N (2551), 33° to 49° (5591)
Mangelia barbarensis Oldroyd, 1924
Pist: 23-48°N (2551); (5591)
Mangelia hecetae Pall and Bartsch, 1910
Pist: 33-48°N (2551), 33° to49°N(5591)
Mangelia interfossa Carpenter, 1865
Pist: 33-49°N (2551)
Mangelia levidensis Carpenter. 1865
Pist 37-63°N (2551); (5591)
Mangelia newcombei Pall, 1919
Pist: 38-48°N (2551), 38° to49°N(5591)
Mangelia sculpturata Pall, 1886
Pist: 33-57°N (2551)
604
-------
MOLLUSCA - OPISTHOBRANCfflA - Bullidae
Subclass: OPISTHOBRANCHIA
Family: Bullidae
Volvulella cylindrica (Carpenter, 1 863 ) (2550, p62)
Dist: Vancouver Island south to Gulf of California (2550, p62);
(2580), 23-48°N (2551), 32° to 54°N(5591)
Family: Atgidae
Haminoea olgae (Dall, 1919), (2550 p 63)
Dist: Olga, Washington, to San Quentin, Bay, Lower California
(2550 p63), 30-60°N(2551)
Haminoea solitaire (2031 p251)
Hab: Mud-just below surface (2031 p251)
Haminoea vesicula (Gould, 1855)
Dist: Vancouver Island to Gulf of California (2550 p63),
Alaska to Gulf of California (3793 p427); (3815 p90),
36-57°N (5591)
Coll: Central California coast (2033 p268), Puget Sound (2550 p63)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 p268); mossy rocks, tide pools, eel grass
(2031 p 251), "Muddy bays, amongst eelgrass, in sandy
or gravelly patches between rocks. Sometimes where
water is brackish. " (3815 p90^
Feeding: Partially vegetarian, also eats small crustaceans and
molluscs, (381 5 p91)
Repro: eggs laid on eelgrass (3815 p9 1)
Notes: Secretes mucus to keep moist when exposed (381 5 p91)
Family: Retusidae
Retusa harpa Dall, 1871 (2550 p6l)
Dist: Queen Charlotte Islands, B. C. to San Diego, California
(2550 p6l), 30-55°N (2551)
605
-------
MOLLUSCA - OPISTHOBRANCHIA - Philinidae
Family: Philinidae
Philine polaris Aurivillius, 1885
Dist: 48-72°N (2551) 49-70°N (5591)
Family: Aglijidae
Aglaja adellae Dall, 1894 -(2550, p64)
Dist: Eagle Harbor, Puget Sound in 20 fathoms. (2550,p64)
48°N (2551)
Aglaja diomedea (Bergh, 1 894)- (2033, p268)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033, p268); 38-60 °N (5591)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p268)
Aglaja ocelligera (Bergh, 1894)
Dist: Alaska to Santa Barbara, Calif. (3793, p425)
Rare.
Family: Gastropteron
Gastropteron pacificum Bergh, 1893
Dist: 48-56°N (2551), 48-60°N (5591)
Family: Pyrarnidellidae
Iselica fenestrata Carpenter. 1864
Dist: 23-48°N (2551), 23-53 °N (5591)
Iselica laxa Dall, 1919 - (2551)
I. Obtusa - 33-48°N (2551)
Dist: 48°N (2551), 48-52°N (5591)
Hab: Shallow water on weeds and other shells; once found
attached to little neck clam Prototha^ca staminea (3815, p43)
606
-------
MOLLUSCA OPISTHOBRANCHIA - Pyramidellidae
Odostomia angularis Dall and Bartsch, 1947
Dist: 35-57°N (2551), 38-57 °N (5591)
Odostomia avellana Carpenter, 1865
Dist: 48°N(2551)
Coll: Neah Bay, Wash. (5591)
Odostomia barkleyenis Dall and Bartsch, 1910
Dist: 48°N (2551); (5591)
Odostomia canfieldi Dall, 1908
Dist: 33-48°N (2551), 38-50°N (5591)
Qdostomia columbiana Dall and Bartsch, 1907
Dist: 48-55°N (2551), 49 -50°N (5591)
Odostomia deliciosa (Dall and Bartsch, 1907) - (2385, pi 2)
Dist: 37-49°N (2551), 38-52 °N (5591)
Coll: Coos Bay region. Found from lower sides of rocks,
inhabit lower littoral region. (2385, pi 2)
Odostomia edmondi Jordan, 1920
BTst: 41 °N (2551)
Odostomia engbergi Bartsch, 1920
BTst: 48°N(2551); (5591)
Odostomia euglypta Jordan, 1921
Dist: 41 °N (2551)
Odostomia gp-uldii Carpenter, 1865
DTst: 33-48°N (2551)
Odostomia grippiana Bartsch, 1912
Dist: 49-56°N (2551)
Odostomia inflata (Carpenter, 1864)
Dist: 37-48°N (2551)
Odostomia kennerleyi Dall and Bartsch, 1907
5Tst: 37-49°N (2551)
607
-------
MOLLUSCA - OPISTHOBRANCHIA - Pyramidellidae
Odostomia nuciformis Carpenter, 1865
Dist: 48°N(2551)
Odostomia oregonensis Pall and Bartsch, 1907
Dist: 37-55°N (2551), 36-54°N (559 1)
Odostomia quadrae Pall and Bartsch, 1910
Dist: 48-60°N (2551), Cook Inlet, Alaska to Puget Sound
(3815, p6l)
Hab: "On polyps or sponges, and amongst worm cases at low
tide. " (3815, p6l)
Feeding: Probably parasitic. Have been collected from variety
of hosts including Hinnites multirugosus. (3815, p6l)
Odostomia sanjuanensis Bartsch, 1920
Dist: 48°N (2551), 44-50°N (5591)
Odostomia satura Carpenter, 1865
Dist: 48°N(2551)
Odostomia skidegatensis Bartsch, 1912
Dist: 41-60°N (2551), 32-54°N (5591)
Odostomia spreadboroughi Pall and Bartsch, 1910
Dist: 48 °N (2551)
Qdostomia stephensae Pall and Bartsch, 1909
Dist: 48-60°N (2551), 50-60 °N (5591)
Odostomia tacomaensis Dall and Bartsch, 1907
Dist: 48°N(2551)
Qdostomia talpa Dall and Bartsch, 1909
Dist: 48-60°N (2551)
Odostomia tenuisculpta Carpenter, 1864
Dist: 24-48°N (2551), 30-52 °N (5591)
Odostomia valdezi Dall and Bartsch, 1907
Dist: 33-48°N (2551)
608
-------
MOLLUSCA - OPISTHOBRANCHIA - Pyramidellidae
Odostomia vancouverensis^ Ball and Bartsch, 1910
Dist: 48-55°N (2551)
Odostomia washingtonia Bartsch, 1920
Dist: 48°N(2551)
Odostomia youngi Pall and Bartsch, 1912
Dist: 48°N(2551)
Turbonilla alaskana Dall ani Bartsch, 1909
Dist: 48-58°N (2551)
Turbonilla aurantia Carpenter; 1865
Range: 48-49 °N (2551 ), 32-50 °N ( 5591)
Turbonilla barkleyensis Bartsch, 1917
Dist: 49 °N (2551)
Turbonilla engbergi Bartsch, 1920
Dist: 48°N (2551)
Turbonilla kincaidi Bartsch, 1921
Dist: 48°N (2551), 48-50°N (5591)
Turbonilla lordi Smith, 1880
Dist: 49-57°N (2551)
Turbonilla macouni Dall and Bartsch, 1910
Dist: 49°N(2551)
Turbonilla newcombei Dall and Bartsch, 1907
Dist: 48-55°N (2551), 49-51 °N (5591)
Turbonilla oregonensis Dall and Bartsch, 1907
Dist: 45-47°N (2551), 43-50 °N (5591)
Turbonilla pedroana Dall and Bartsch, 1903
Dist: 33-48°N (2551), 36-49 °N (5591)
Turbonilla pesa Dall and Bartsch, 1910
Disft: 49 °N (2551)
609
-------
MOLLUSCA - OPISTHOBRANCHIA - Pyramidellidae
Turbonilla pug e ten sis Bartsch, 1917
DTst: 48°N(2551) 47-49 °N (5591)
Turbonilla rinella Pall and Bartsch, 1910
BTst: 49 °N (2551)
Turbonilla taylori Ball and Bartsch, 1907
Dist: 48-55°N (2551), 49-50°N (5591)
Turbonilla valdezi Dall and Bartsch, 1907
Dist: 37-49°N (2551), 36-50 °N (5591)
Turbonilla vancouverensis Baird, 1863
BTst: 37-60°N (2551), 49 -60°N (5591)
Turbonilla victoriana Dall and Bartsch, 1907
BTst: 49 °N (2551)
Family: Scaphandriadae
Acteocina culcitella Gould, 1853
Dist: 33-58°N (2551), Kodiak Island, Alaska to Calif. (3815, p86)
38-57°N (5591)
Hab: "On rocks at low-tide level. " Dredged at 8 fms in B. C.
(3815, p86)
Acteocina eximia Baird, 1863
Dist: 37-58°N (2551)
Hab: "More often dredged but found occasionally on the beach
at low tide. " (3815, p87)
Acteocina inculta Gould, 1856
Dist: 33-37°N (2551)
Acteocina oldroydi (Dall, 1928)
Dist: 49°N(2551)
jgylichna alba Brown, 1927
Dist: 37-71 °N (2551), 38-60°N (5591)
610
-------
MOLLUSCA - OPISTHOBRANCHIA - Scaphandriadae
Cylichna attonsa (Carpenter, 1865)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (3815, p89), 32-50 °N (5591)
Hab: (3815, p89) . . . "deep-water species, but it is occasionally
found on rocks where the water is very cold. "
Family: Acteonidae
Actaeon punctocoelata (Carpenter, 1864)
Dist: B. C. to California (3815, p88)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033, p268)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p268) "Usually below low-tide level,
but sometimes in tide pools and amongst the eelgrass at
low water apparently when it comes in to spawn. Large
numbers •were seen quite low on a more or less sandy
beach in the mouth of Sechelt Inlet (B. C. ) in May. :
(3815, P88)
Family: Ringigulidae
Microglyphis estuarinus (Pall, 1908)
Dist: 23-48°N (2551), 38 -49 °N (5591); Straits of Juan de Fuca
to Calif. (2550, p60)
Family: Pleurobranchidae
Pleurobranchus californicus (Dall, 1900)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033, p268)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p268)
611
-------
MOLLUSCA - OPISTHOBRANCHIA - Aplysiidae
Family: Aplysiidae
Phyllaplysia zostericola McCauley, I960
Phyllaplysia taylori Pall, 1900 - (2033, p268)
Dist: San Juan Islands to San Diego Bay. (3793, p428)
32-50°N(5591)
Family: Hermaeidae
Hermaea vancouverensis (O'Donoghue, 1924) - (2752, p36); (3803)
Dist: Vancouver Is. B.C. (2752, p36);(5591)
Coll: Vancouver Island (3803);-(2278 , p240), Coos Bay
region (2752, p36)
Hab: 2' above mean low water level (2752, p36), base of
Zostera marina below low tide level. (3903, p21), low
tide (2278, p340)
Hermaeina smithi Marcus, 1961 -(3793)
Dist: San Juan Islands to San Diego (3793, p427), frequent.
Family: Elysiidae
Elysia hedgpethi (Marcus, 1961)
Dist: San Juan Islands to La Jolla; (inferred) Bahia de Los
Angeles (3793, p429)
Family: Cavolinidae
Cavolina occidentalis (Pall, 1908)
Dist: Northeast Pacific, 30-54 °N (2550, p59); (5591)
Cavolina uncinata (Rang) - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
612
-------
MOLLUSCA _ OPISTHOBRANCHIA - Cavolinidae
Clio balantium (Rang) - (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Cavolina tricuspida (Rivers, 1904) (2551)
Dist: 30-54°N (2551)
Clio exacuta Gould, 1852 (2550, p59); (2551)
Dist: 46°N(2551)
Coll: N. Pacific Ocean west of Columbia River. (2550, p59)
Clio occidentalis (Pall, 1871) - (2550, p59); (2551)
Dist: Northeast Pacific 30-50°N. Off the Farallone Islands
in the stomach of Orthagoriscus mola. (2550, p59); (2551)
Creseis subula (Quoy and Gaimard, 1827)
Dist: Warmer waters of the north Pacific (2550, p59)
Styliola falcata (Gould, 1852)
Dist: Northeast Pacific, West of Oregon (2550, p59)
Family: Clionidae
Caranaria japonica Pall. 1919
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Clione limacina (Phipps. 1773) - (2341)
Clione kincadi Agersborg Synonym ( 5591 )
PisT:Be~ring Sea to Pribilof Islands (2550, p59)
37-77°N (5591)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Hab: Pelagic
Family: Cymbaliidae
Corolla spectabilis (Pall, 1871)
Coll: Oregon (2341); N. Pacific ocean to lat. 43°N(2550, p59)
36-55°N(5591)
613
-------
MOLLUSCA - OPISTHOBRANCHIA - Pneumodermatidae
Family: Pneumodermatidae
Pneumoderma pacifica (Ball, 1871) - (2550, p60); (2551)
Dist: Northeast Pacific, off California coast 37-45 °N (2550, p60),
34-45°N (2551)
Family: Desmopteriidae
Desmopterus pacificus (Essenberg, 1919) - (2550, p60)
Dist: Off Southern California (2550, p60)
Family: Limacinidae
Limacina helacina (Phipps, 1774) - (2341)
Coll: B. C. (3807, p322-326), Ore: (2341)
Feeding: Gut contents: diatoms (Skelatonema costatum,
Chaetoceros spp. and Thalassiosira spp.) but dino-
flagellates (Prorocentrurn sp. , Oxytoxum sp. ,
Gymnodinium sp. , Ceratium sp. , and Tintinnids)
predominated. Filter-feeder (3807, p323)
Repro: Spawn descrip. , egg development larva dev. (3807, p322-
326). (includes drawings)
Temp: Maintained at 13 °C for 24 days; day 25; (larva) 1/2
subjected to 18°C for 12 hours. , the others to 4°C for
12 hrs. All survived, but metamorphosis was not
initiated. After temp, change, no larval shell showed
characteristic vertical striations. (3807, p326).
Family: Spiratellidae
Pterotrachea scututa (Gegenbaur) - (2341)
Coll: Ore: (2341)
614
-------
MOLLUSCA - OPISTHOBRANCHIA - Spiratellidae
Spiratella pacifica Dall, 1871 - (Z550, p58)
Dist: 37-72°N (2551), Point Barrow, Arctic Ocean, to
Monterey, Calif. (2550, p58)
Family: Polyceridae
Aegires albopunctatus MacFarland, 1905 - (2033, p269)
Dist: Vancouver Island to Coronados Islands; Bahia de Los
Angeles (3793, p425), 32-51 °N (5591)
Coll: B. C. : Vancouver Island region (2277 , p9), Calif:
central coast(2033, p269); (2278, p237)
Hab: Intertidal (2033. p269), (2278, p237), common.
Intertidal to 20' (3793, p425);-6-12 fathoms off
gravel/mud bottom with seaweed (2277 , p9)
Lialia cockerelli (MacFarland, 1905) - (2752, p29)
Dist: Vancouver Is. , Monterey Bay, near Laguna, San Pedro.
La Jolla (2752, p29), Vancouver Is. to Cape San Lucas,
(3793,P427)
Coll: B. C. : Vancouver Is. (3803 , p30); ( 2278 , p238), Ore:
Coos Bay region (2752,p29), Calif: Central coast (2033,p269
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p269) under shelving rocks in tide pools
along the coast, esp. near Pt. Aulonand Pt. Pinos;
above Zostera zone in Vancouver Is. region (2752, p29)
low tide (3803,p30); (2278,p238)
Polycera atra MacFarland, 1905 -(2033, p269)
Coll: Central Calif, coast (2033, p269); (2278, p238)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p269), pools (2278, p238)
Polycera zosterae O'Donoghue, 1924 -(3803)
Coll: B. C. : Vancouver Island, (3803); (2278, p238)
Hab: Lower portions of Zostera marina (3803, plO) low tide
(2278, p238)
Triopha maculata MacFarland, 1905 -(2033, p269)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033 , p269); (2275 , p238)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p269), pools (2278, p238)
615
-------
MOLLUSCA - OPISTHOBRANCHIA - Polyceridae
Triopha grandis MacFarland, 1905 -(2033,p269)
Coll: Calif: Central coast ( 2033 , p269); (2278, p238)
Hab: Inter tidal (2033 , 269)
Triopha catalinae (Cooper, 1863) - (2033,p269)
Coll: Calif: Central coast ( 2033 , p260); (2278, p238)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p269); (2278,p238)
Triopha carpenteri (Stearns, 1873) -(2033,p269)
Dist: 32-53°N (5591), Vancouver Island to San Diego; Japan
(3793,p428)s Monterey Bay (2752,p28)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2752, p27); (2278 , p238),
Calif: Central coast (2033,p269)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p269); almost always found adhering to
Zostera or Laminaria in tide pools below fucoid zone
(2752,p28), pools (2278,p238)
Misc: population ecology: (2752,p28)
Triopha aurantiaca (Cockerell, 1908) -(3803)
T. elioti
Dist: 30-50°N (5591), Monterey, California (2278, p237)
Coll: B.C.: Vancouver IsL (38 03, p24); (2278 , p237)
Hab: Low tide (3803 , p24, 29 ). 1 0 fms (3803 , p29); (2278 , p237)
Family: Onchidoridinae
Acanthodoris armata O'Donoghue, 1927
Coll: B. C. : Vancouver Isl. region (2277,p4)
Hab: Reef attached to bryozoan Flustra lichenoides whose
polyps furnish food. (2277,p5)
Acanthodoris atrogriseata O'Donoghue, 1927
Coll: B.C.: Vancouver Isl. (2277, p2)
Hab: Under stones on reef (2277,p3)
Acanthodoris brunnea MacFarland, 1905 -(2033,p269)
Coll: B.C.: Vancouve r Isl. (3803, p269), Calif.: central
coast (2033,p269)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p269), 15 fms (3803); (5278), 5-10 fms
Calif. (2278), under rocks (2031)
616
-------
MOLLUSCA - OPISTHOBRANCHIA - Onchidoridinae
Acanthodoris columbina MacFarland, 1926 -(2033,p269)
Coll: Calif: Central coast ( 2033 , p269 )
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p269)
Acanthodoris hudsoni MacFarland, 1905 -(2033,p269)
Dist: 36-55°N (5591)
Coll: B. C. : Vancouver Isl. low tide (2278, p238)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p269)
Acanthodoris nanaimoensis O'Donoghue, 1921
Dist: Vancouver Island to Shell Beach, Calif. (3793, p425)
RARE
Coll: Vancouver Island (2278,p238), low tide.
Onchidorus fusca (Muller, 1776)
Lamellidoris bilamellata
Dist: Bering Sea to Puget Sound (2752,p30)
Vancouver Island (3803, p24); (2278, p238)
Hab: At Squaw Isl. under rocks on a coarse sand beach, in
dredge hauls from 2-5 fms inside Coos Bay, on
rocks at Old Jetty in same habitat as Hermissenda sp.
Fisherman's Wharf with Hermissenda crassicornis,
Archidoris montereyensis , Mytilus edulis , Mitella
poly me ra, Ulva, Obelia and other wharf inhabitants
(2752,p30), low tide (2278, p238)
Misc: Population ecology ( 2752 , p30)
Onchidoris hystricina (Bergh, 1878) - (3793)
Dist: Alaska to Pt. Loma, California (3793, p427) (common)
38-58°N (5591)
Coll: Alaska 10 fms (2278, p238)
Family: Corambidae
Corambe pacifica MacFarland and O'Donoghue, 1929 -(2033,p269)
Dist: Vancouver Island to San Diego (3793 , p426), 27-53 °N ( 5591)
Coll: Calif: Central coast (2033,p269)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p269)
Corolla spectabilis Pall, 1871
Dist: 34-43°N (2551), 36-55 °N (5591)
617
-------
MOLLUSCA - OPISTHOBRANCHIA - Dorididae
Family: Dorididae
Aldisa sanguinea (Cooper, 1862)
Dist: California (2752, pi 8)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2752, pi 8), Calif: San Diego,
Santa Barbara, Monterey, Point Lobos (2752,p!8)
pools (2278,p237)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p268)
Anisodoris nobilis (MacFarland, 1905)
Dist: 33-51 °N (5591), Vancouver Island region to Monterey
(2752,pl6), (3803,p22, 28); Vancouver Island to
Coronados Islands (3793,p425)
Coll: B.C.: Vancouver Island (2278 , p237), Ore: Coos Bay
region (2752,pl6), Calif: central coast (2033,p268),
Santa Barbara (3752,p220), (2278,p237)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p268), rocky polls or on piles; intertidal
to 840' off Santa Cruz Isl. (2752,p220); 25 fms (2752,p!7);
prefers protected outer coast--intertidal to 50'
(3793,P425), pools (2278,p237)
Repro: (2752) spawn (3803,p22-23)
Archidoris montereyensis (Cooper, 1862)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to La Jolla, California (2752, pi4),
Alaska to San Diego (3777 , p91); (3793, p426)
Coll: B. C.: Vancouver Isl. (3803); ( 2278 , p237), Ore: 100m
(3003,p!5), Coos Bay (2746); (2752), Calif: Central
Coast(2033,P268); (2278,p237)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p268), low tide; 10 fms (3803 , p28), One
of the commonest nudibranchs on this coast; often
associated with the sponge Halichondria. (2033, p. 268)
intertidal to 840' off Santa Cruz Island (3752 ,p220),
pools to 30 fms (2278,p237)
Feeding: Yellow sponges, non-en crusting algae, Halichondria
and Ficulina (sponges) (2752,p!4)
Repro: spawns: April - August (2752, pi 5), descrip. spawn:
(3803,p22-23)
Misc: population ecology: (2752,p!5)
618
-------
MOLLUSCA - OPISTHOBRANCHIA - Dorididae
Cadlina flavomaculata MacFarland, 1905 -(2033,p268)
Dist: Vancouver Island region, Monterey and La Jolla
(2752,p!9), Vancouver Island to Pt. Eugenia, Mexico
(3793,p426), 27-54°N (5591)
Coll: B.C.: Vancouver Isl. (3803 . p23); ( 2278 , p237), Ore:
Coos Bay region (2752, p!9), Calif: Central coast
(2033,p268)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p268); inhabits rocky tide pools. Found
at low tide and under rocks in Vancouver Island
region; rare in Coos Bay region, taken in association
with Diaulula sandiegensis and under rocks in JLQ^a.
beds (2752,p!9); low tide (3803 , p23 . 29 ); (2278,p237)
rocky tide pools.
Cadlina luteomarginata (MacFarland, 1966)
Dist: Vancouver Island, B. C. to Pt. Eugenia, Mexico
(3793,p426)
Cadlina marginata MacFarland, 1905
Dist: Vancouver Island to La Jolla (2752, p21), 27-54°N (5591)
Coll: B.C.: Vancouver Isl. (3803 , p24); (2278 , p237 ),
Ore: Coos Bay region (2752,p20), Calif: Central coast
(2033,p268)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p2,68); associated with Zostera, seeks
protection on underside of rocks in association with
sponges, hydroids and encrusted algae on which it
feeds; 2 1/2' above mean low tide level to extreme
low tide in Coos Bay region, dredged at 25 fms in
Vancouver Isl. region (2752, p20-21 )--Coastal not found
in Bay low tide (3803 , p24, 29) dredged (2278,p237)
Cadlina pacifica Bergh, 1870 - (2752,p21)
Dist: Alaska (2752,p22)
Coll: Alaska pools (2278,p237), Ore: Coos Bay region (2752, p21)
RARE
Hab: Extreme low tide to about plus 2' (2752,p21)
Feeding: (2752, p22)
Chromodoris: see Glossodoris
619
-------
MOLLUSCA - OPISTHOBRANCHIA - Dorididae
Diaulula sandiegensis (Cooper, 1862)
Dist: Many points on West Coast from Sitka to Coast of
Patagonia on Atlantic Coast (2752,p24); (2778,p237),
San Diego (2752), 27-57 °N (5591)
Coll: B. C. : Vancouver Isl. (3803,p23), Ore: Coos Bay region
(2752, p23), Calif: Central coast (2033 , p269)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p269); usually stays in protected crevices
in rocks, capable of adhering quite strongly to rock
substrate, has been found in places exposed to direct
surf action (2752,p24), rocky tide pools (fucus zone)
(2031,p235), 8-15 fms (3803) p. 23, low tide (3803,p29);
(2278,P237)
Repro: Egg masses reported in Dec. and Jan. in Monterey
Bay; Coos Bay region March-Sept. (2752)
Doridella steinbergae (Lance, 1962) - (See Franz, 1967) - (3793)
Corambella steinbergae
Dist: San Juan Islands to Coronados Islands (3793, p427)
Hab: Common. On bryozoan colonies on off-shore kelp.
(3793,P427).
Discodoris fulva (O'Donoghue, 1924)
Coll: Vancouver Island (3803, p26); (2278, p237)
Hab: Shingle beach (3803, p26), low tide (2278, p237)
Discodoris heathi (MacFarland, 1905) -(2033,p269)
Dist: Vancouver Island to Monterey (2752, p26); Vancouver Island
to Laguna Beach (3793,p427)
Coll: B.C.: Vancouver Isl. (3803 , p23); (2278 , p237), Ore:
Coos Bay region (2752, p25), Calif: Central coast
(2033,p269)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p269); Found on almost bare rocks at
3' above 0 tide level. (2752,p25), 12-15 fms (3803,p23);
pools (2278,p237)
Glossodoris califoriensis ( Bergh, 1879) - (2033,p269)
Coll: Calif: Central coast (2033 , p269 ); (2278 , p237)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p269); (2278 , p237)
Glossodoris porterae (Cockerell, 1902) -(2033,p269)
Coll: Calif: Central coast ( 2033 , p269 )
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p269 )
620
-------
MOLLUSCA - OPISTHOBRANCHIA - Dorididae
Rostanga pulchra (MacFarland, 1905) - (2033,p269)
Dist: Vancouver Island to Pt. Lobos, California (2752, p23);~
Vancouver Island to Gulf of California (3793, p428)
Coll: B.C.: Vancouver Isl. (3803 , p23 ); (2278 , p237 ); Ore:
Coos Bay region (2752, p22); Calif; Central coast
(2033,P269)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p269); lives on red algae and red sponges
(2031, p233); low tide (3803, p29); low tide and pools
(2278,p237)
Food: (2852,p22-23)
Population: ( 2752)--Repro: after early July (2752)
Family: Arminidae
Armina californica (Cooper, 1862) (3793 , p429 ); ( Bergh, 1862)
(2033,p269)
Dist: 0-52°N (5591 ), (inferred) Vancouver Isl. to Panama
(3793,p429)
Coll: B.C.: Vancouver Isl. 1 5-35 fms (2278 , p239),
Ore: 25 -200 m (3003 , p!4), Calif: 16-48 fms,
(2278,p239), Central coast (2033,p269)
Hab: Modified for a burrowing life in sand; often obtained
by dredging. (2033,p269)
Food: Feeding patterns on Renilla koellikeri (3811 , p440-441
Armina vancouverensis Bergh, 1876
Armina columbiana (O'Donoghue, 1924) - (5591)
Dist: 45-49°N (5591)
Coll: Vancouver Island (3803, pi 1); (2278, p239)
Hab: 8-15 fms (3803, p!3); (2278,p239)
Pleurophyllidia - see Armina
621
-------
MOLLUSCA - OPISTHOBRANCHIA - Dendrodoridiae
Family: Dendrodoridiae
Dendrodoris fulva (MacFarland, 1905) - (2033,p269)
Coll: Calif: central coast (2033 , p269); (2278 ,p237)
Hab: Inter tidal (2033, p269); pools (2278, p237)
Family: Dendronatidae
Dendronotus da Hi Bergh, 1879
Dist: 38-55°N (5591)
Dendronotus frondosus (Ascanius, 1774) -(2752,p31)
Dist: Circumboreal, Bering Sea, Alaska, Vancouver Island
region (2752,p31), 38-58°N(5591)
Coll: B. C. : Vancouver Island (2278 , p239 ), Ore: Coos Bay
region (2752,p31)
Hab: Found in subtidal association with hydroids, presumably
feeds exclusively on hydroids (2752, p31); 15-20 fms
(2278,p239)
Feeding: See abo ve
Repro: Spawns present during June and July (2752)
Dendronotus giganteus O'Donoghue, 1921 -(2033,p269)
Coll: B. C. : Vancouver Island (3803 , p24); (2278 ,p239)
Calif: Central coast (2033, p269)
Hab: One of the largest nudibranchs on this coast. Like
others of this genus, it is capable of swimming short
distances by an undulating motion of the body (2033,p269);
10-25 fms (3903,p24); (2278,p239)
Dendronotus iris (Cooper, 1862)
Dist: (inferred) Vancouver Island to Coronados Island (2792,p429)
38-52°N(5591)
Coll: Calif: Monterey, 28 fms (2278,p239)
Dendronotus rufus O'Donoghue
Coll: B. C. : Vancouver Island (3803 , p24)
Hab: 6-20 fms (3803,p24); (2278,p239)
622
-------
MOLLUSCA - OPISTHOBRANCHIA - Duvauceliidae
Family: Duvauceliidae
Tritonia exsulans Bergh. 1894 -( 559 1 , p!42); (3793 , p428)
Duvaucelia exsulans (Bergh. 1894) -(2033,p268)
Dist: Vancouver Island to Baja California; Japan, Florida
(3793,p428), 33-54°N (5591)
Coll: Calif: Central coast ( 2033 , p268)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p268); Subtidal from 1 80' (3793,p428)
Tritonia festiva (Stearns, 1873) - (5591); (3793,p429)
Duvaucelia (Tritonia) festiva (Stearns, 1873) - (2033,p268)
Sphaerostoma undulata
Dist: Vancouver B. C. to Coronado Islands, California (3793,p429)
32-55°N (5591), (3803); (2278,p237)
Coll: Ore: Coos Bay region (2752,p26), Calif: Central coast
(2033,p268); Pt. Pinos, at low tide (2752 , p27 )
Hab: Intertidal ('2033 , p268), 8-18 fms on bottom of shell and
debris (3803,p6), low tide (2278,p237), usually found
lower down in intertidal zone (2752, p26) (Proct. outer
coast)
Tritoniopsis tetraquetra (Pallas, 1788) -(5591,pl43)
Duvaucelia tetraquetra (Pallas, 1788) -(2033,p268)
Tochunia tetraquetra (Pallas, 1788) -(3793,p429)
Dist: Alaska to Santa Barbara (3793,p429), 36-57°N (5591)
Coll: Calif: Central coast (2033 , p268)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p268)
Family: Fimbriidae
Melibe leonina (Gould, 1853)
Dist: Alaska to La Paz Bay, Mexico; Bahia de Los Angeles
(3793,p427), 24-57 °N (5591)
Coll: B.C.: Vancouver Isl. (3803 , p24); Calif: 20 fms (2278 , p239)
Central(2033,p270)
Hab: Eel grass and other marine plants - intertidal (2033,p270),
sp. RARE - on entangled offshore kelp fronds
(2793, p427) pelagic possibilities (3803 , p24-25); (2278,p239)
Repro: spawn on Zostera beds (3803, p25)
623
-------
MOLLUSCA - OPISTHOBRANCHIA - Dironidae
Family: Dironidae
Dirona albolineata Cockerel and Eliot, 1905 -(2033,p269)
Dist: Puget Sound to San Diego (3793, p426) RARE,
33-50°N(5591)
Coll: B.C.: Vancouver Isl. (3803 , p24); (2278 , p239 ),
Vancouver Isl. region, Pacific Grove and Corona del
Mar (2752,p32), Ore: Coos Bay region (2752,p32) ,
Calif: Central coast (2033, p260)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p269); (3803); in Coos Bay, between 0
and 2' mean low tide level in quiet, rocky tide pools
inhabited by Triopha carpenteri, Hermissenda species,
Zoster a and Costeria and other brown algae; 20 fms
(2752,p32), low tide (3803 , p24 , 31); low tide to 20 fms
(2278,P239)
Dirona pi eta MacFarland, Cockerell and Eliot, 1905 -(2033,p269)
Dist: Dillon Beach to Pt. Loma (3793, p426)
Coll: Calif: Central coast (2033 , p269); (2278 , p239)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p269), low tide (2278,p239)
Family: Okeniidae
Ancula pacifica MacFarland, 1905 -(2033,p269)
Coll: Calif: Central coast (2033 , p269); (2278 , p238)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p269), pools (2278 , p238)
Hopkinsia rosacea MacFarland, 1905 -(2033,p269)
Dist: Coos Bay to Pt. Loma (3793, p427)
Coll: Calif: Central coast ( 2033 , p269); (2278 , p238)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p269); (2278,p238)
624
-------
MOLLUSCA - OPISTHOBRANCHIA - Zephyrinidae
Family: Zephyrinidae
Antiopella barbarensis (Cooper. 1863) -(3793,p425)
Dist: Vancouver Island to Bahia San Quentin (frequent)
(3793,p425)
Coryphella trilineata O'Donoghue, 1921
Dist: Vancouver Island to Coronados Islands, (common)
(3793,P426)
Coll: B. C. : Vancouver Island (3803,p25); (2278,p239)
Hab: Low tide; 8-15 fms (3803,p25); (2278, p239)
Eubranchus olivacea (O'Donoghue, 1922) - (2033,p269); (2278,p239)
Coll: B.C.: Vancouver Isl. (3803 , p25); (2278 , p239)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p269); low tide on Obelia longissima
and Zostera bed (3803, p26); (2278, p239)
Galvinia se,e Euhanchus
Janolus fuscus O'Donoghue, 1924 - (2033,p270); (3803)
Coll: B.C.: Vancouver Isl. (3803), Calif: Central coast
(2033,p270)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p270) on Ulva sp. under rocks; low to
15 fms (3803,p!8); (2278,p239)
Repro: Spawning (3803 , pi 8-19)
Family: Fionidae
Fiona pinnata (Eschscholtz, 1831) -(2033,p269)
Dist: 30-60°N (5591)
Coll: Calif: Central coast (2033 , p269); (2278 , p240)
Hab: On driftwood bearing gooseneck barnacle colonies;
cerata bear branchial membranes (2033,p269);
pelagic (2278, p24'0)
625
-------
MOLLUSCA - OPISTHOBRANCHIA - Aeolidiidae
Family: Aeolidiidae
Hermissenda crassicornis (Eschscholtz, 1831) - (2033,p269)
Dist: Sitka to California (2752,p33), Alaska to Pt. Eugenia,
Mexico; Peurtiecitos, Bahia de Los Angeles (3743, p427)
27-57°N (5591)
Coll: B.C.: Vancouver Isl. (3803 , p26); (2278, p240),
Ore: Coos Bay region (2752, p33), Calif: Central
coast(2033,p269)
Hab: Widely varying e..g. , rocks, mud, wharf pilings (2033, p269),
stones, eel grass, pilings and in tide pools (2031, p247),
Feed on Ulva, LaminariaandHalicystis in bay habitatis;
herivorous and capable of feeding on brown and green
algae; on Obelia at Fisherman's Wharf; extreme low
tide to approx. 2' above mean low tide level. Dredged
from 6-10 fms in Alaskan waters, intertidal in
Vancouver Isl. region low tide (3803 , p26, 31); (2278, p240)
Misc: Population ecology (2752,p34)
Repro: Early summer months
Family: Aeolidiinae
Aeolidia papillosa (Linnaeus, 1761) -(2033,p269)
Dist: Cosmopolitan 30-60°N (5591)
Coll: Alaska: Intertidal (2752, p35), B.C.: low tide in
Vancouver Isl. region (2752,p35); (2278,p240)
Calif: Central coast (2033,p269); subtidal (2752,p35)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p269); 4' above mean low tide and at
extreme low tide; 400 fms off Santa Barbara Isl. Feeds
on coelenterates; feeds on anemones and hydroids
in protected coarse sandy beach, mud flats, and
protected muddy bay habitats; found in association with
and feeding upon Bunodactis, Aiptasiomorpha,
Metridium, Obelia, Tubularia, Plumularia (2752,p35);
low tide at Vancouver Isl. ; 414 fms Calif. (2278,p240)
Feeding: See above
626
-------
MOLLUSCA - OPISTHOBRANCHIA - Aeolidiinae
Flabellinopsis iodinea (Cooper, 1862) - (3793)
Flabellina iodinea (Cooper, 1862) ( 2033 , p269 ); (3793)
Dist: Vancouver Island to Coronados Islands (3793, p427)
(frequent), 3 2-54°N (5591)
Coll: Calif: Central coast ( 2033 , p269 );( 2278 , p239 )
Hab: Inter tidal ( 2033 , p269 ), pools (2278 ,p239)
Subclass: Pulmonata
Family: Ellobiidae
Phytia setifer (Cooper, 1872) - (2033,p263)
Dist: 34-42°N (2551)
Coll: Calif: Central coast ( 2033 , p263)
Hab: Characteristic of Salicornia marshes (2033, p263)
Family: Siphonaria
Siphonaria thersites (Caprenter, 1864) - (2551)
Dist: 48-56°N (2551); Aleutian Islands to Puget Sound (3815,p92)
Hab: Rocky ocean beaches (3815,p92)
Williamia vernalis (Pall, 1870) (2033,p263)
Dist: 27-41 °N (2551)
Coll: Calif: Central coast ( 2033 , p263)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p263)
Family: Trimusculus
Gadinia reticulata - See Trimusculus
Trimusculus reticulatus (Sowerby, 1835) (2551); (2033,p263)
Dist: 23-41 °N (2551)
Coll: Calif: Central coast ( 2033 , p263)
Hab: Generally found hanging from underside of ledges. Eggs
are laid in jelly masses and hatch to free-swimming
veligers (2033, p263)
Incertae sedis
Family: Onchidiidae
Arctonchis borealis (Pall, .1871)
Dist: 42-56°N (2551)
627
-------
MOLLUSCA - PULMONATA
Onchidella - See Arctonchis
Incertae sedis
Zizyphinus filosus (Wood, 1828) - (2021,p7)
Dist: Cosmopolitan species found abundantly throughout the
littoral belt along the rocky coasts of Oregon and
California (2021 ,p7)
Class: CEPHALOPOD
Abraliopsis felis (McGowan and Okutani, 1968) - (2341)
Dist: Approx. 25-43 °N (3754, p78)
Coll: Ore: (2341)
Life cycle: Most abundant larvae in Calif. Current - most
during June and July . . . peak spawning in early
summer. (3754,p77)
Chiroteuthis veranyi (Ferussac) - (2341)
Coll: Ore: (2341)
Cranchia scabra Leach
Coll: Ore: (2341)
Galiteuthis armata (Joubin)
Coll: Ore: (2341)
Galiteuthis pyllura (Berry, 1911) - (3797)
Dist: 39°30'N to 41 °30'N , (3797,p202)
Coll: N. Calif: (3797,p202)
Gonatopsis borealis (Sasaki)
Coll: Ore: (2341)
Remarks: Relative growth pattern (2590, pi 71-173)
Gonatus anonychus Pearcy and Voss
Coll: Ore: (2341)
628
-------
MOLLUSCA - CEPHALOPOD
Gonatus fabricii ( Lichtenstein, 1818)
Coll: Ore: (2341)
Remarks: Relative growth pattern (2590 , p!72-173)
Gonatus magister Berry
Coll: Ore: (2341)
Japetella heathi (Berry)
Coll: Ore: (2341)
Loligo opalescens (Berry, 1911) -(3797,p201)
Coll: PugetSound, pelagic ( 2031 , p317), Ore: (2341),
Calif: North of Eureka in 100 fms (3797,p201)
Meleagroteuthis holyei (Puffer, 1900) - (3797, p202)
Dist: 39°30' - 41 °30'N in 300 + fms (3797 , p202)
Coll: Ore: (2341)
Meroteuthis robusta (Verrill, 1876) -(3797,p202)
Morotheuthis robusta (Pall) Verrill - (2341)
Coll: Ore: (2341), Calif: off Eureka (3797, p202)
Octopoteuthis sicula (Ruppell)
Coll: Ore: (2341)
Octopus californicus (Berry, 1911) - 3797,p201)
Coll: Calif: North of Eureka (3797 , p201)
Hab; Less than 100 fms on sandy bottom (3797, p201)
\
Octopus dofleini martini Picford, 1964 - (3797 , p201)
O_. punctatus
O. honkongensis
O. apollyon
Coll: N.Calif: Between 39 °30' and 41 °30' (3797 , p201)
Hab: Deep intertidal down to around 40 fms, usually in
hard mud or rocky substratum (3797, p201)
Octopus leioderma (Berry, 1911) -(3797,p201)
Coll: N.Calif: Between 39 °30' and 41 °30' (3797 , p201)
Hab: Muddy sand substratum in 50 fms (3797, p201)
629
-------
MOLLUSCA - CEPHALOPOD
Onychoteuthis banks! (Leach)
Coll: Ore: (2341)
Opisthoteuthis californiania - (3752,p201)
Opisthoteuthis californicus (Berry, 1949) -(3797,p201)
Coll: Off N. Calif, coast between 39°30' and 41 °30' N, between
100 - 300 fms. (3797,p201); Humboldt Co. - Santa
Barbara Co. (3752,p221)
Hab: Taken from abou t 840' (3752, p221)
Polypus hongkongensis Holyle
Coll: Puget Sound (2031 ,p319)
Feeding: Crabs, shrimp, and worms (2031,p219)
Rossia pacifica (Berry, 1911)
Coll: Ore: (3003 , p!3); N. Calif: between 39 °30' and 41 °30'
(3797,P202)
Hab: 100 fms on sandy mud to mud bottom (3797, p202)
Stiliger fuscouittata Lance, 1962
Dist: San Juan Islands to San Diego; Bahia de Los Angeles
frequent(3793,p428)
Taonius pavo (Lesueur)
Coll: Ore: (2341)
Vampyroteuthis infernal is ( Chun)
Coll: Ore: (2341)
630
-------
ECHINODERMATA-ASTEROID
PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA
Class: ASTEROID
Asterina miniata (Brandt)
Patlria minia ta
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to San Diego, Calif. (3111)
Coll: Wash.: Puget Sound (2031)
Hab: Low water - 1 65 fms (3111)
Asymmetry: (3262)
Ctenodiscus crispatus (Retzius)
Dist: Bering Sea of Japan south to Gulf of Panama, Arctic
Ocean, North Atlantic (3111); (3109)
Coll: Wash.: 176 fms (3109,p36)
Hab: 31 -1033 fms (3109)
Food: Detritus (3109); (3286)
Dermasterias imbricata ( Grube , 1857)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska, to Monterey Bay, California (3111); (3108),
(3286)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2031), Shore collections (3109,p250);
Ore: 50-53 fms (3108), Shore collections (3109,p250),
10m (3003,p!7)
Food: Mediaster, holotharians and crustaceans (3286)
Diplopteraster multipes (Sars)
Dist: Bering Sea to San Diego, Calif. (3111)
Hab: 81 -640 fms (3111)
Evasterias troschelii (Stimpson, 1862)
Dist: Pribilof Islands to Monterey Bay (3111)'
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2031); (3111); Ore: 10 m (3003,p!7);
Calif: Humboldt Bay (3111)
Hab: 0-39 fms (3111)
Food: Mussels and clams'
Henricia leviuscula (Stimpson, 1857)
ssp. spiculifera (Clark)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to California (3111); (3286)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (?031), ?,7-40 fms (31 09 ,p284-285);
Ore: 46-200 m (3003,p!7); 46-64 fms (31 09 , p284-295)
Hab: Low-tide to 53 fms (3111)
Food: Probably suspended particular matter (3286)
631
-------
ECHINODERMATA - ASTEROID
Hippasteria spinosa Verrill, 1909
Dist: Sea Okhotsh, Alaska to California (3108)
Coll: Wash: 28 -1 00 fms (31 09 , p226); Puget Sound (2031),
Ore: 100-800 m (3 003, pi 7); 28-93 fms (3109,p226)
Hab: 18-280 fms (3108)27-121 fms (3111)
Leptasterias a^equalis (Stimpson)
Dist: San Juan Islands to Santa Catalina Islands (3111, p246);
(3286)
Hab: Climax species in biotic succession of Mytilus californianus
community (2233,p246)
Food: Small mussels and gastropods
Leptasterias hexactis (Stimpson)
Dist: Aleutians to Cape Flattery (3111)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2031 ); Ore: (Known to authors)
many forms, all from north to Cape Flattery (3111 )
Hab: Intertidal (3111 , pi 1 5)
Brooding behavior: (3335)
Develop, and Repro: (5824); (3260)
Systematics in San Juan Islands: (3336)
Lophaster fucilliger Fisher. 1904
Dist: Oregon (3003,p!7) 92-2176 m, var. vexator from Bering
Sea to Northern California 75-350 fms (3111)
Ludia foliolata Grube . 1866
Dist: Alaska to California (3108); (3111); (31 09, pi 09)
Coll: Wash: (3109, pHO-112), Ore: 40-366 m (3003,p!7),
23-77 fms (31 09 , pi 1 0-11 2), 50-235 fms (3108)
Hab: 10-335 fms (3108), 10-189 fms (3111); 3109, pi 09)
Food: Ophiuroids, Scaphopods (Dentalium) (3109)
Mediaster aequalis^ Stimpson. 1857
Dist: Alaska to California ( 203 1), (3108), (3111)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound ( 2031); off Wash, 40 fms (31 09 , p200 , 201)
Ore: 46-800 m(3003,p!7); 42-93 fms (31 09 , p200, 201)
Hab: Intertidal in northern part of range (2031); subtidal -
167 fms (3108); 9-160 fms (3111)
632
-------
ECHINODERMATA - ASTEROID
Orthasterias koehleri (de Loriol)
Dist: Alaska to Santa Rosa Isalnd (3111)
Coll: Wash: 27-100 fms (3110,p!47), Ore: 53-64 fms (3110,p!47)
Hab: Subtidal to 125 fms (3111)
Patiria miniata
Dist: Stika, Alaska to Baja Calif. (3286)
Food: Highly omnivorous; plant and animal material (3286)
Pisaster brevispinus (Stimpson, 1857)
forma pancispinum (Stimpson)
Dist: Alaska to California (3111), (3286)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2031), Ore: 22-55 m (3003 , p!7);
50-53 fms (3108)
Hab: 0-56 fms (3111); subtidal (2031)
Food : Clams, mussels , barnacles, sand dollars (3286)
Misc: (5839)
Pisaster giganteus (Stimpson)
Dist: Vancouver Island to Monterey Bay (3111); to Baja (3286)
Hab: 0-48 fms (3111)
Feeding: Mussels, barnacels (3826)
Pisaster ochraceous (Brandt)
Dist: Alaska to California (3111)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2031), Ore: intertidal, Calif: Crescent
City (3111,p!70)
Hab: 0-48 fms (3111)
Temp: Seldom experiences water temp. belo\y 10°C or above
16°C; tolerates air temp, of 21 °C in laboratory for
at least 3 hours (3286); at 12-18°C can go for 18 mo.
w/out food (5823)
Feeding: Mussels, barnacles and gastropods (5823); (2001)
Gen. Biol: (2003), (5839)
Poraniopsis inflata (Fisher, 1906)
Dist: Oregon to California; Japan (3108)
Coll: Ore: 1 01 -1 28 m (3003 , p!7)
Hab: 26-159 fms; 26-200 fms (3108)
633
-------
ECHINODERMATA - ASTEROID
Pseudar chaster parelis alascensis Fisher
Dist: Alaska to Oregon (3108)
Coll: Ore: 50-300 fms (3108), 750-1058 fms (3108)
Hab: 68-1064 fms (3111)
Pteraster tessalatus arcuatus Fisher
Dist: Oregon to California (3108)
Hab: 46-100 fms (3108)
Dev: (3337)
Pycnopodia helianthoides (Brandt, 1835)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to California (3108), (3111)
Coll: Washington: Puget Sound, shallow (2031); low tide to 50
fms (3110,p!59), Ore: 50-53 fms (3108)
Hab: Intertidal to 238 fms (3108), (3111)
Feeding: Feeds on clams and crustaceans voraceous (2031),
Clams, gastropods, crustaceans, echinoderms, occassionaly
algae and sponges (3286)
Behav. and bilateral tendencies (2293)
Rathbunaster californicus Fisher
Dist: Oregon to California (3108)
Hab: 73-369 fms (3108)
Solaster dawsoni Verrill, 1880
Dist: Aleutian Islands to California (3111)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2031); 24-34 fms (3109,p315),
Ore: 77-106 m(3003,pl7)
Hab: Low tide to 229 fms (3111)
Solaster papposus (Linnaeus. 1767)
Crossaster papposus
Dist: Washington to Oregon (3l09,p328)
Coll: Wash: 27-100 fms (3109,p328), Ore: 59 fms (3109,p328),
82-126 m(3003,p!7)
Solaster stimsoni Verrill. 1880
Dist: Bering Sea to Oregon (3111)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2031); 1 5-27 fms , intertidal (31 09 , p3l 2),
Ore: 1 00 m (3003 , p!7), 33 fm (3109 ,p312)
Hab: Low tide to 33 fms (3111)
634
-------
ECHINODERMATA - ASTEROID
Stylasterias forreri (deLoriol, 1887)
Dist: Southern Alaska to California (3111)
Coll: Ore: 50-1 50 m (3003 , p!7)
Hab: 16-291 fms (3111)
Class: ECHINOIDS
Allocentrotus fragilis (Jackson)
Dist: Vancouver Island to Baja California (3001)
Coll: Wash: numerous off Tatoosh light, 5 miles 171-170
fms (3227), Calif: Pacific Grove (3224); Monterey Bay
(3011), (3013)
Hab: 50-1150 m(3001); fine sands to clayey silts (3001), two
found in kelp bladder (3334)
Spawns in Feb. and March off Monterey Bay (3011)
Ciliate parasites (3224) at Pacific Grove
Brisaster latifrons (Agassiz)
B_^ townsendi (3000)
Dist: Alaska to California (3000); (3001)
Hab: 100-800 m (3000); (3001) on unconsolidated sediments, and
grey terrginous sands (3001)
Closely related B. fragilis gets larger as one moves northward along
the Norwegian coast Mortensen 1907 (3333)
Dendraster excentricus (Eschscholtz, 1831)
Dist: Alaska to Baja California (3001)
Coll: Wash: Moclips, Ocean City, Cohesset; Ore: Tillamook,
Neskowin, Reedsport, Charleston; Calif: Crescent
City, Little River Beach State Park.
Hab: Intertidal to 90 m (3001); Brackish waters to 100 fms,
Alki Pt. Seattle (231 5, pi 62); Terriginous white sands with-
out silt or clay (3001); concentrated at 7 fms at Samoa, Calif
(2686,p39) on sandy bottoms.
Feeding: (2315), Locomotion: (2315)
Effect of temperature on test: (3012)
Cold water forms have heavier tests: (3012)
Temperature and Na, Mn, Fe, metabolism: (3043)
Develop, patterns: (3351), Histology (5825)
Remarks: Two tons in one 15 minute tow at 7 1/2 fms off Capolio
Beach, Wash. (3413); found alive at 5-7 fms, all dead
deeper (3412)
Misc: (5827)
635
-------
ECHINODERMATA - ECHINOIDS
Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (Muller)
Dist: San Juan Islands to Puget Sound (3227), (2001)
Coll: San Juan Islands (3227)
Ecology, taxonomy, growth: (3228)
Feeding: (2306)
Physiological-Biochemical study (5826)
Strongylocentrotus echinoides A. Agassiz and H. L. Clark
Dist: North Pacific south to 44°N on American side, 38 °N on
Atlantic side (3001) Also Bering-Baranve? (3001)
Hab: 33-780 m on gravel, rock, sand (3001)
Ciliate endocommensals from Friday Harbor (3223)
Ecology, taxonomy, San Juan Islands: (3227)
Strongylocentrotus franciscanus (A. Agassiz)
Dist: Alaska to Baja California (3001), (3002); Japan (3002)
Hab: Intertidal to 125 m (3001), (3002); rocky shores (3001)
Ecology, taxonomy: San Juan Island (3227)
Feeding: (2306)
Rhabdocoel parasite (2032)
Population explosion (3340)
Dev: (2302)
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Stimpson. 1857)
Dist: Alaska to Baja California (3001)
Coll: Ore: Sunset Bay: Coos Co. (2005)
Hab: Intertidal to 46 m(3001); rocky shores (3001)
Ecology, taxonomy: San Juan Islands (3227), S. Calif. (5816)
Temp. Data: (3295), 8-23. 5°C range, 23.5°C limiting temp, as
25 °C is lethal even after acclimination at 20 °C for 4 days.
Upper tolerance boundary very sharp as 23. 5°C is within
range. Can be acclimated to low temp, but not to high temp.
Effect of temp, on dev. - range 13-20°C, 5° and 30°C no
fertilization, 25 °C is lethal to eggs (2835), T. and spawning
(3286)
Climax species in biotic succession of Mytilus californianus community
(2233)
Temp, tolerances (2835; intertidal temperatures: If internal temp.
rises above 26° for 3-5 hr. over several days a heat kill
results (3338,p94)
Population explosion (3340)
Repro: Annual breeding cycly w/max. activity in winter, reprod. may
be independent, but illumination may be important (5836)
636
-------
ECHINODERMATA - ECHINOIDS
Feeding: herbivore (algae) catches floating debris, dead fish
(2005,pi 076), the stipes of Macrocystis are a favorite
Growth rates: (2005)
Ribosamal activity (5828), Regeneration (5830), Respiration ( 5831)
Digestion (5837), Digestive System (5832)
Misc: (5833), (5834), (5835), (5838)
Class: HOLOTHUROIDS
Caudina chilensis (J. Muller)
Dist: California (2033 ,p294)
Hab: Sand dweller, rare in this area (2033,p294)
Cucumaria curata Cowles
Dist: California (2033,p294), (2309)
Coll: Dillon Beach (2047), below Mytilus beds. Most significant
factor influencing coastal distribution is the brooding
habit (2047)
Hab: Occurs in great numbers under corallines and under mussels
on exposed ledges (2033,p294)
Feeding: (5828)
Morphology (2047); Behavior (2047); Pigments (2047), variation
(2312), Dev. and Embryology (2047)
Cucumaria fisheri "Wells
Dist: California (2033, p294)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p294)
Cucumaria lissoplaca Clark
Dist: California (2033, p294)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p294)
Cucumaria lubrica C lark
Dist: Washington to California (2031), (2033,p294)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2031)
Hab: Under rocks at low tide (2031, pi 69)
Cucumaria miniata (Brandt)
Dist: Puget Sound to Point Arena, Calif. (2033, p294)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2031), (2033,p294), Calif: Point Arena
(2033,P294)
Hab: Under rocks and crevices at low tide (2031,p!67)
Anotomy (3283)
637
-------
ECHINODERMATA - HOLOTHUROIDS
j3ucumaria piperata (Stimpson)
Dist: Washington to California (2033,p294)
Rare in central California, abundant at Friday Harbor
Wash. (2033,p294)
Cucumaria populifera (Stimpson)
C. tenuicoriata Wells
Dist: California (2033,p294)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p294)
Cucumaria trachyplaca Clark
Dist: California (2033, p294)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p294)
Eupentacta quinquesemita (Selenka)
Dist: California (2033, p294)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p294)
Leptosynapta albicans (Selenka)
Dist: California (2033, p294)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p294)
Leptosynapta inhaerens (O. F. Muller)
Hab: Burrows deep in sand or mud (2031, pi 63)
Molpadia intermedia ( Ludwig)
Dist: Oregon (3003,p21)
Coll: 190-2800 m (3003,p21)
Pachythone rubra ( Clark)
Dist: California (2033, p294)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p294)
Parastichopus californicus (Stimpson)
Syn: Stichopus californicus (3003,p21)
Dist: Washington to California (2031), (2033, p294)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (2031), Ore: 50-245 m (3003 , p21)
Evisceration in fall (3371)
Pentacta piperata^ Stimp son
Dist: Washington (2050,pi61)
Coll: Puget Sound (2050, pi 61)
638
-------
ECHINODEEMATA - HOLOTHUROIDS
Pentacta populifera Stimpson
Dist: Washington (2050,pl6l)
Coll: Puget Sound, circumlittoral (2050, pi 61)
Pentamera populifera (Stimpson)
Dist: Oregon (3003,p21)
Coll: 150-200 m (3003, p31)
Thyonepsolus nutriens Clark
Dist: California (2033,p294)
Hab: Often found in kelp holdfasts (2033,p294)
Class: OPHIUROIDS
Amphiodia urtica (Lyman)
Dist: Alaska to California (3235,pl734)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound, outer coast (3235)
Hab: Littoral and sublittoral, intertidal to 100 fms (3235, pi 734);
maceous net suspension feeder, tube foot capture sol.
surface browsing (3235)
Feeding: (3293)
Asteronyx loveni Muller and Troeschel
Dist: Norway, Scotland, Japan, east and west coasts of United
States, Alaska, British Columbia, Philippine Islands
(3235,pl730), Bathyal, 83-918 fms
Coll: Wash: outer coast (3235)
Feeding: Juveniles - bottom feeders; adults mount pennatulids,
feed on zooplankton (3235)
Axiognathus squamata (Delle Chiaje)
Dist: In polar, temperate, and tropical waters throughout world
(3235)
Coll: Wash: outer coast, Puget Sound (3235)
Hab: Littoral and sublittoral, intertidal to 100 fms (3235); browser
and detritus feeder (3235)
Diamphiodia occidentalis (Lyman)
Dist: Alaska to California (3235,pl734)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (3235); Straits of Juan de Fuca (3235)
Hab: Intertidal to 1 2. 5 fms (3235,pl734); mucous net suspension
feeder, tube foot capture, sub-surface browsing (3235)
Feeding: (3293)
639
-------
ECHINODERMATA - OPHIUROIDS
Diamphiodia periercta (Clark)
Dist: Sea of Japan, Alaska to Oregon (3235,pl734)
Coll: San Juan Islands (3235)
Hab: Intertidal to 15 fms (3235,pl734)
Feeding: Deposit and filter feeder (3235)
Gorgonocephalus caryi (Lyman)
Dist: North Pacific (3235)
Coll: Wash: outer coast, San Juan, Juan de Fuca (3235)
Ore: 100-1372 m(3003,p20)
Hab: 5-900 fms (3235); predator on sea peas (2300,p29)
Repro: (2718)
Ophiopholis bakeri McClendon
Dist: British Columbia to California (3235,pl732)
Coll: Wash: outer coasts, straits (3235)
Hab: Outer sublittoral to upper bathyal, 35-204 fms (.3235 ,p!732)
sand, rock, shell (3235)
Ophiopholis aculeata (Linnaeus)
Dist: Circumboreal; south to California (3235, pi732)
Hab: Very large bathymetrical range, intertidal to 600 fms
(3235)
Ophiophthalmus normani (Lyman)
Dist: Widespread in North Pacific (3235,pl732)
Coll; Wash: outer coast 40-877 fms (3235)
Hab: Outer sublittoral to abyssal, 40-1050 fms (3235,pl732)
Ophiura sarsii Lutken,
Dist: North circumpolar, common in north temperate waters
(3235,pl731)
Coll: Wash: outer coast, Puget Sound (3235)
Hab: Littoral to abyssal, 3-1700 fms (3235,pl731)
Predation (3235), Feeding (2300,p28), (3292)
Ophiura lutkeni (Lyman)
Dist: Bering Sea to California (3235)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound (3235), Ore: (3003 , p20)
Ecology, feeding (3235); Benthic surface feeders (3235), (3285)
640
-------
ECHINODERMATA - OPHIUROIDS
Ophiura leptoctenia H. L. Clark
Dist: Alaska to California, Sea of Japan (3235,pl73l)
Coll: Wash: Outer coast, Puget Sound (3235)
Hab: Littoral to abyssal, 5-1771 fms (3235, p!731); omnivorous,
detritus and animal food (3235)
Unioplus ma eras pis ( Clark)
Dist: Widspread in North Pacific (3235,pl733)
Coll: Wash: outer coast and Puget Sound (3235)
Hab: Littoral to abyssal, 10-749 fms (3235, p!733); silts and
clays but also sand (3235)
Unioplus strongyloplax (Clark)
Dist: West coast of United States (3235,pl733)
Coll: Wash: outer coast, Puget Sound (323-5)
Hab: Littoral to upper bathyal, 2-200 fms (3235, p!733);
mud with some sand and gravel (3235)
PHYLUM CHORDATA
Class: LARVACEA
Oikopleura sp.
Coll: Off Ore. (2341)
Class: ASCIDIACEA
Amaroucium arena turn Van Na me , 1917
Coll: Cent. Calif. (2033, p310)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p31 0)
Amaroucium californicum Ritter and Forsvth. 1917
Dist: Puget Sound (2031 ,p401), to central California
(2033,p310)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p31 0)
Amaroucium propinquum Van Name. 1945
Coll: Cent. Calif. (2033, p310)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p31 0)
641
-------
CHORDATA - ASCIDIACEA
Amaroucium solidum_ Ritter and Forsyth, 1917
Coll: Cent. Calif. (2033, p310)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p31 0)
Ascidia ceratodes (Huntsman, 1912)
Coll: Cent. Calif. (2033,p310)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p31 0)
Ascidiopsis paratropa Huntsman
Coll: Puget Sound region (2031 ,p387)
Boltenia villosa (Stimpson. 1864)
Dist: Puget Sound (2031, p'397), to central Calif. (2033,p310)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p31 0)
Botryllus tuberatus Ritter and Forsyth, 1917
Coll: Cent. Calif. (2033,p310)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p31 0)
Chelysoma producta Stimpson
Coll: Puget Sound, Lummi Island 8-12 fms (2050, pi 61)
Chelyosoma productum (Stimpson, 1864)
Dist: Puget Sound (2031 ,p393), to central Calif. (2033, p310)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p31 0)
Ciona intertinalis (Linnaeus, 1767)
Coll: Cent. Calif. (2033 , p31 0)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p31 0)
Clabelina huntsmani Van Name , 1931
Coll: Central Calif. (2033, p310)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p31 0)
Cnemidocarpa finmarkiensis (Kiaer, 1893)
Coll: Cent. Calif. (2033, p310)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p31 0)
Cnemidocarpa Joanne (Herdman)
Coll: Puget Sound attached (2031 ,p394)
Corella inflata Huntsman
Coll: Puget Sound area (2031 ,p391)
642
-------
CHORDATA - ASCIDIACEA
Cynthia coriacea Stimpson
Coll: Puget Sound (2050, pi 60)
Cynthia gibbsii Stimpson
Coll: Puget Sound, Lummi Island. 1 5 fms ( 2050 , pi 59 )
Cynthia haustor Stimpson
Coll: Puget Sound (2050) circumlittoral zone
Cynthia villosa Stimpson
Coll: Puget Sound, Port Townsend, 8-15 fms also at
Lummi Island. (2050, pi 60)
Cystodytes lobatus (Ritter, 1900)
Coll: Cent. Calif. (2033,p310)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p31 0)
Didemnum carnulentum Ritter and Forsyth, 1917
Coll: Cent. Calif (2033,p310)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p31 0)
Diplosoma pizoni Ritter and Forsyth, 1917
Coll: Cent. Calif. (2033,p310)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p31 0)
Distaplia occidentalis Bancroft, 1899
ColliCent. Calif. (2033,p310)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p31 0)
Eudistoma diaphanes Ritter and Forsyth, 1917
Coll: Cent. Calif. (2033,p310)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p31 0)
Eudistoma mo lie (Ritter, 1900)
Coll: Cent. Calif. (2033, p310)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p31 0)
Eudistoma psammion Ritter and Forsyth, 1917
Coll: Cent. Calif. (2033, p310)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p31 0)
643
-------
CHORDATA - ASCIDIACEA
Eudistoma ritteri Van Name, 1945
Co~H: Cent. Calif. (2033,p310)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p31 0)
Euherdmania claviformis (Ritter, 1903)
Coll: Cent. Calif. (2033,p310)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p31 0)
Metandrocarpa dura (Ritter, 1896)
Coll: Cent. Calif. (2033,p310)
Hab: Intertidal'( 2033 , p31 0)
Metandrocarpa taylori Huntsman, 1912
Coll: Cent. Cal if. ( 2033 , p31 0)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p31 0)
Molgula verrucifera Ritter and Forsyth, 1917
Coll: Cent. Calif. (2033,p310)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p31 0)
Perophora annectens Ritter, 1893
Coll: Cent. Calif. (2033, p310)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p31 0)
Polyclinum planum (Ritter and Forsyth, 1917)
Coll: Cent. Calif. (2033,p310)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p31 0)
Pycnoclavella stanleyi Berrill and Abbott, 1949
Coll: Cent. Calif. (2033, p310)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p31 0)
Pyura haustor (Stimpson, 1864)
Dist: Puget Sound (2031 ,p399), to central California (2033 , p31 0)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p31 0)
Pyura mirabilis (von Drasche. 1884)
Coll: Cent. Calif. (2033, p310)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p31 0)
644
-------
CHORDATA - ASCIDIACEA
Saccoglossus pusillus
Coll: Cent, and S. Calif. (2033,p295)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p29 5)
Sigillinaria atequali-siphonia (Ritter and Forsyth, 1917)
Coll: Cent. Calif. '(2033,p310)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p31 0)
Sigillinaria pulchra (Ritter, 1901)
Coll: Cent. Calif. (2033,p310)
Styela gibbsii (Stimpson)
Coll: Puget Sound region (2031 ,p389)
Styela montereyensis (Pall, 1872)
Coll: Cent. Calif. (2033,p310)
Hab: Inte rtidal ( 203 3 , p31 0)
Styela plicata (Lesueur, 1823)
Coll: Cent. Calif. (2033,p310)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p31 0)
Styela truncata Ritter, 1901
Coll: Cent. Calif. (2033,p310)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p31 0)
Synoicum par-fustis (Ritter and Forsyth, 1917)
Coll: Cent. Calif. (2033,p310)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p31 0)
Trididemnum opacum (Ritter, 1907)
Coll: Cent. Calif. (2033,p310)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p31 0)
Class: THALLIACEA
Doliolum sp.
Coll: Off Ore. (2341)
Helicosalpa virgula (Vogt)
Coll: Off Ore. (2341)
645
-------
CHORDATA THALLACEA
la sis zonaria (Pallas)
Coll: Off Ore. (2341)
Pegea confoederata (Forskall)
Coll: Off Ore. (2341)
Pyrosoma atlanticum (Peron)
Coll: Off Ore. (2341)
Salpa fusiformis Cuvier
Coll: Off Ore. (2341)
Thalia democratica (Forskal)
Coll: Off Ore. (2341)
Thetys vagina Tilesius
Coll: Off Ore. (2341)
Class: AGNATHA
Order: Myxiniform.es (Hyperotreti)
Family: Myxinide--Hagfish
Polistotrema deani Evermann and Goldsborough - (2049,p366)
Dist: Alaska to Santa Barbara Islands, Marine. Common.
Destructive to fish. (2049,p366)
Coll: Wash: Cape Flattery, 85 fms. Ore: Yaquina Bay.
(2049.
Polistotrema stoutii (Lockington) - (2049 , p366) , (2390, p67)
Dist: B. C. to San Diego, Calif. Marine. Common. Destructive
to fish. (2049, p366); (2390)
Coll: Puget Sound Region: Seattle, Wash: Puget Sound, Cape
Flattery, 85 fms. Ore: Yaquina Bay ( 2049 , p366)
Remarks: Attacks large fishes and sucks soft parts (2390)
646
-------
CHORDATA- FISHES - Petromyzontidae
Order: Petromyzontiform.es (Hypoartii)
Family: Petromyzontidae- -Lampreys
Entosphenus tridenatus (obsolete nomenclature) see Lampetra tridentata
Lampetra ayressi Gunther (2390, p69-70)
Dist: Northern B. C. to Northern Calif. ( 2390 , p69-70)
Hab: Anadromous ( 2390 , p69-70)
Habits: Attacks salmon and sucks body fluids ( 2390,p69-70)
Lampetra tridentata (Gairdner) - (agnatha, three-toothed lamprey,
Pacific lamprey) (2049, p366), (2341), (2571,p22, 34-6),
(2390)
Dist: Unalaska, Alaska to southern California
Coll: Wash: Coastal, Puget Sound, Pleasant L. and Bogachiel R. ,
Hump tulips R. , Satsop R. , Ft. Steilacoom. , Seattle L. ;
Columbia Drainage: Astoria, Willamette R. , Walla
Walla R. ; and Garrison Cr. , Rock Id. Dam. ; Ore coast:
Nestucca, Umpqua, Coquill, Rogue R. , Klamath R.
and Upper Klamath L. ; Goose Lake drainage: Goose L.
(2049,p366), (2571,p22),(2341)
Hab: Anadromous (2571,p34), Freshwater and marine.
Remarks: Common, destructive to fish, slight commercial
value (2049,p366), (2571,p34), Spawns in freshwater and
sucks body fluids, salmon and steelhead particularly (2390)
Class: CHONDRICHTHES
Order: Squaliform.es (Selachii)
Family: Hexanchide--Cowsharks
Hexanchus corinum Jordan and Gilbert (obsolete nomenclature)
see Hexanchus griseus (Bonnaterre)
Hexanchus griseus (Bonnaterre) - (shovel nose, mud shark, sixgill cowshark)
(2049, p367), (2567,p!2), (2572,p40)
Dist: Puget Sound to Monterey Bay.
Coll: B.C.: Departure Bay ( 2390); Wash: Puget Sound region--San
Juan Islands (2049,p367), NeahBay (2049, p367)
Hab: Marine, bottom, also found in deep water (2567, pi 2);
(2572,p40).
Misc: Not rare, slight commercial value ( 2049 , p367),
(2567,12), (2572,p40), (2390), Feeds on fish and
crustaceans (2572,p40)
647
-------
CHORDATA FISHES Hexanchide
Notorynchus maculatus Ayres -(mud shark, sevengill cowshark, spotted
cowshark) (2049.P367). (2390), (2567, pi 2), (2572,p41)
Dist: Wash: Puget Sound to Monterey Bay, Calif,
Coll: B. C. : Fender Island, Butedale, Bonilla Island (2390)
Wash: Puget Sound region--Nisqually.
Hab: Fairly deep water (2567, pi 2), slight commercial value
(2049,p367), (2567,pl2),(2572,p41)
Family: Lamnidae--Mackerel sharks
Alopias volpinus (Bonnaterre) - (common thresher, fox shark, long-tailed)
(2049, p367),( 2390), (2567 ,p!4),( 2572,-p47)
Dist: Pacific Oceans.
Coll: B. C. : Otter Point, Goose Bay, Saanich Inlet, Johnstone
Strait (2390), Ore: Coastal, Coos Bay (2049 , p367)
Hab: Pelagic, coming close to shore at times, Marine (2390)
Misc: Not rare, slight commercial value (2049;p367), (2567,p!4),
Eats fish, pilchard, herring (2390)
Cetorhinus maximus (Gunner) (basking shark, elephant shark, bone shark)
(2049, p367), (2341), (2567,p!6), (2572, p46), (2390), (3804,p88)
Dist: Arctic seas, straying southward to California, Virginia and
Portugal. Common northward ( 2049)
Coll: B. C. : (2049,p367), Queen Charlotte Sound (2390), Calif:
Central Calif, from fall to spring (2572,p46)
Hab: Marine
Misc: No commercial value in this region (2049,p367)
Remarks: Feed on small organisms strained from water with
gill rakers.
Lamna ditropis Hubbs and Follett - (salmon shark, mackerel shark),
(2567,p!5), (2572,p43), (2390)
Dist: Coastal north Pacific from Alaska to southern Calif.
(2567,p!5); (2390)
Coll: B.C.: Hippa Island (2390)
Hab: Pelagic (2390)
Misc: Feeds on salmon and other fishes (2390)
Family: Scyliorhinidae--Cat sharks
Apristurus brunneus (Gilbert) (brown shark, cat shark) (2049,p367), (2567, pi'
(2572, p49), (2390)
Dist: Wash. , Puget Sound to Gulf of California.
648
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Scyliorhinidae
Apr is turns brunneus (continued)
Coll: B.C.: Nanaimo, Porlier Pass, English Bay, Howe Sound. (2390)
Wash: Puget Sound, Hoods Canal, Saratoga Passage,
Everett, (2049,p367)
Hab: Marine, not rare (2049,p367), Deep water form (2567 , p!7) ,
(2572,P49)
Misc: No commercial value (2567,p!7), (2572, p49), (2390),
Parasites Humboldt Bay (3382)
Family: Carcharhinidae--Requiem sharks
Galeorhinus zyopterus Jordan and Gilbert - (soup-fin shark), (2049,p367),
(2567,p20),(2390), (2572,p55), (2571,p53)
Dist: B.C. , Vancouver Island to Calif. , Abreogos Pt. (2049;p367)
Coll: B.C.: Banks Island, Sooke (2390), Vancouver Island
near Nanaimo. Wash: Puget Sound region, Ore:
Coastal, off Coos Bay (2049,p367)
Remarks: Males predominate from Vancouver to Point Arena
(No. Calif. ) Males are equal to females from Pt. Arena
to San Luis Obispo, most females found in south where
conditions are favorable for growth of young (2572,p24)
Eat: flatfish, rockfish, midshipman, sardines, mackeral,
barracuda, and squid. (2572,p55)
Misc: No longer of commercial value in this region. (2049, p367),
(2567,p20), (2571, p53), formerly a good source of Vit.
A. (2572,p55), Humboldt Bay: parasite(3382)
Prionace glauca (Linnaeus) - (blue shark) (2341), (2567,p21), (2572,p56),
(2390), (5509)
Dist: B.C. to Gulf of California
Coll: B.C.: Vancouver Island ( 2390), Ore: ( 2341)
Hab: High seas and inshore waters. Prefer warm currents.
(2567 , p21) Eat small fish and squids (2572,p56)
Remarks: Stomach contents of Oncorhynchus sp. , Brama raii,
Cololabis saira, Myctophidae , Anotopterus pharo, squid,
shrimp, and salps (Salpa fusiformis Cuvier). Will eat
salmon selectively when there is an abundance (5509).
Misc: No commercial value (2567 , p21), (2572, p56)
Triakus semifasciata Girard (Leopard shark) ( 2567 , pi 7), (2572, p51)
Dist: Oregon to Magdele na Bay, Baja Calif.
Hab: Found in bays and shallow water.
Misc: Some commercial value ( 2567 , p!7),( 2572 , p51)
649
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Squalidae
Family: Squalidae--Dogfish shark
Somniosus pacificus Bigelow and Schroeder - (sleeper shark), (2572,p62),
(2390)
Dist: N. Pacific to s. California, Japan (2572, p62);(2390)
Hab: A bottom dweller
Misc: Eats any animal life of a suitable size and carrion (2572,p62)
(2390), No commercial value (2577,p62); (2390)
Squalus acanthias Linneaus (grayfish) (2049 ,p368), (3804,p89), (dogfish
shark) (2567 , p23 ),(2571p52),(2572,P6l), (5591), (5639 ; p218)
Synonym Squalus ruckleyi
Dist: Alaska to Santo Tomas, Baja Calif. China and Japan, North
Atlantic (2567 ,p23)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region: Pt. Steilacoom. Pt. Ludlow.
Hoods Canal, San Juan Is 1. (2049,p368), Neah Bay, Cape
Flattery, Cape Johnson, Grays Harbor, La Push (2049, p368)
Willapa Bay (2390), Ore: Tillamook Head (2049 , p368),
Japan: Honshu Is. (2390)
Hab: Marine, abundant (2049, p363) Inshore -waters and deeper
waters in southern Calif. (2567, p23). In 1923, experiments
on 2 females, showed death temps. , of between 28. 5°C and
29. 1 °C (5591). Feeds a lot on hake in California waters
(5639). Parasites--Humboldt Bay (3382). Travel
in schools, eat herring anchovy, smelts, also crabs
and squid.
Misc: Common. Little commercial value. (2567,p23), considerable
commercial value; destructive to other fish. (2049, p368)
Squalus suckleyi (Girard) - (grayfish, dogfish shark) (2049,p368),
(3804,p89)
See also Squalus acanthias. Note: This name (Squalus suckleyi) is
not presently accepted.
Family: Squatinidae--Angel sharks
Squatina calif or nica Ayres (California angel shark) (2567 , p24),( 2049 , p368),
(2572,p64)
Dist: S. Alaska to Gulf of California. Rare in the north,
common in southern California.
650
-------
CHORDATA FISHES - Squatinidae
Squatina californica (continued)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, near Seattle (2049,p368)
Hab: Inshore bottom dweller (2567, p24),( 2572,p64)
Misc: No commercial value. ( 2567 , p24),( 2049 , p369),( 2572 , p64)
Order: Rajaformes
Family: Torpedinidae--Electric rays
Torpedo californica Ayres (electric ray)( 2574 , p79 ), (2390)
Tetranarce californica (Ayres) (old name) --(torpedo, crampfish)
(2049,p369)
Dist: B. C. , Nootka Sound and Vancouver Isl. (2049,p369) to
southern California in moderate depths (2574,p79)
Coll: B. C. : Kyuquot, Nootka, Cowichan Bay, Sattalite Channel,
Saanich Arm. Wash: coastal, Puget Sound, Pt. Susan,
Cape Flattery (2049,p369)
Hab: Marine
Family: Rajidae--Skates
Raja binoculata Girard - (big skate) ( 2049 , p368),( 2567 , p27),( 2574, p70),
(2390),(5510),(3804,P90)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to San Diego Bay. (2567,p26), (2574,p70),
(2390)
Coll: Wash: Coastal, Albatross Station 3450; Cape Flattery;
Cape Johnson; La Push; Shoalwater Bay (Willapa Harbor)
Puget Sound region: Seattle; Pt. Ludlow; Hoods Canal;
San Juan Islands (2049,p368). Ore: Yaquina Bay; Coos
Bay. (2049,p368)
Hab: Marine (2567 , p26), (2574, p70),(2390)
Misc: Skates are oviparous. Eggs covered with leathery case
(5510). Found in shallow to moderate depths, sometimes in
water only a few feet deep, over mud flats, eats crustaceans
and fish. Dredged 5-15 fms off Central Oregon (3412). Egg
case anatomy (5510)
Raja inornata Jordan and Gilbert (California sakte) (2049,p368), (2567,p26),
(2574,p69)
Dist: St. Juan de Fuca to Turtle Bay, Baja Calif. (2049, p368)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound: St. Juan de Fuca (2049,p368), Rare northwarc
651
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Rajidae
Raja inornata (continued)
Hab: Inshore muddy bottoms. Known from considerable depths
(2574,p69)
Misc: No commercial value. (2049, p368). Most important skate
in commercial catch.(2567,p26)
Raja kincaidii Garman (black skate) (2049 ,p368),(2574, p74),(2390)
Dist: B.C. to southern California (2574,p74)
Coll: B.C.: Trincomali Channel, Porcher Island (2390)
Wash: Puget Sound: Friday Harbor (2049, p368)
Hab: Marine, rare, only one speciman known ( 2049 , p368), (2390)
Raja rhina Jordan and Gilbert - (long-nosed skate, sharp nosed skate)
(2049 , p368),(2567, p27),( 2574, p71),( 2390)
Dist: Alaska to Point Loma, California
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region: Seattle, off Everett, Hoods Canal,
Saratoga Passage, San Juan Islands, Orcas Is. (2049;p368)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Common, slight commercial value (2049,p368),( 2567,p26),
(2574,p70), (2390)
Raja stellulata Jordan and Gilbert - (prickly skate, starry skate) (2049,p368),
(2574, P73),(2390)
Dist: Unalaska to southern California. ( 2049 , p268),( 2574, p73), (2390)
Coll: B. C. : Port San Juan, 48°30'N, 1 26 °36'W(2390)
Wash: Puget Sound, San Juan Islands; Upright Channel;
St. Juan de Fuca (2049,p368)
Hab: Marine (2574,p73)
Misc: Not rare, no commercial value (2049 , p368),( 2574, p73), (2390)
Family: Dasyatidae --Stingrays
Dasyatis dipterus Jordan and Gilbert (diamond stingray) - (2567,p28),
(2574,p76),(2390)
Dist: B.C. to Central America, perhaps to Peru. Common.
(2567, p28),(2574, p76),( 2390)
Hab: Bays and on beaches from San Diego south (2567, p28)
(2574,p76)
Remarks: Eats crabs and molluscs.
652
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Myliobatidae
Family: Myliobatidae--Eagle rays
Myliobatis californicus (Gill)
Holorhinus californicus Gill (obsolete name) (bat stingray) (2567, p29),
(2574,p78)
Dist: Oregon to Gulf of California. Common. (2567 , p29), (2574, p78)
Hab: Inshore, bays and sloughs (2567 , p29), (2574, p78)
Remarks: Feeds on oysters and is commonly seen around
commercial beds (2574, p78)
Order: Chimaeriformes
Family: Chimaeridae--Chimaeras
Hydrolagus colliei (Lay and Bennet) - (ratfish, chimaera) (2049, p369),
( 2567 ,p30),( 2574, p82),( 2390)
Dist: Alaska to Santo Tomas, Baja Calif. ( 2049 , p369), (2567 , p30),
(2574, P82), (2390)
Coll: Wash: Coastal, Tatoosh Is. , Albatross Station 3790; Cape
Flattery Destructions Is.; Grays Harbor, Puget Sound region:
Ft. Steilacoom; Seattle; Whidby Is. , Hoods Canal near
Holly; Pt. Townsend; Discovery Bay; San Juan Islands, J3t.
Juan de Fuca, Ore: Coastal, off Yaquina Head; off Newport,
Heceta Bank, and off Coos Bay (2049,p369)
Hab: Marine, shallow water in north, deep water in south. (2567,p30)
Remarks: Eats mussels, invertebrates and some fish. (2390)
Abundant, no commercial value (2049 , p369), (2567 , p30),
(2574,p82), (2390)
Class: OSTEICHTHYS
Order: Acipenseriform.es
Family: Acipensiridae - -Sturgeons
Acipenser mediarostris - (green ^turgeon) ( 259 1),( 2390),( 5645)
Acipenser acutirostris Ayres (green sturgeon) (2049, p369)
Dist: Gulf of Alaska to southern California (5645), North Pacific
southward to Monterey Bay. (2049:p369)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region (2049 , p369 ), Ore: Coastal, Astoria,
Siuslaw R. , Yaquina Bay, Coos Bay, Klamath R. , (2049, p369)
Hab: Marine and freshwater.
Remarks: Migrate long distances along coast at times (5645)
Misc: Not abundant. Slight commercial value (2049,p369)
653
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Acipensiridae
Acipenser transmontanus Richardson - (white sturgeon) (2049,p369),
(2571,p33-34),(2390,p96-97), (5645)
Dist: Alaska to Monterey, California (2049,p369)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound, St. Juan de Fuca ( 2049 , p369), Chinook,
Kalama, Vancouver, Ft. Vancouver, Ore: mouth of
Columbia R. (2049,p369)
Hab: Marine and freshwater (2049,p369)
Misc: Once abundant, now much depleted. Considerable commercial
value maximum weight 1 , 285 Ib. (2571 ,p33 , 34), (2390),
Spawns in spring and early summer. Enters rivers
to spawn. Slow and sluggish. Lives on the bottom, stirring
up mud and debris with snout to find food. Eats crustaceans
and other invertebrates in the sea and eulachons in
Fraser R. (2390,p96-97)
Order: Clupeiformes
Family: Clupeidae--Herrings
Alosa sapidissima (Wilson) - (shad) (2049 : p369), (2567 , p34),(2571 ,p22,32-33),
(5621),( 239 0,pl03 -104), (5544), (5614) ,(2427)
Clupea sapidissima (obsolete name) (2427)
Dist: Southeastern Alaska to Monterey (2049,p369), (2567;p34),
(2390)
Coll: Wash: Seattle, Upright Channel, Grays Harbor, Columbia
River mouth, Ore: Coastal Yaquina Bay, Coos Bay, Rogue
River (2049,p370)
Hab: Marine and freshwater, caught in May, June, July during
spawning migrations (2571,p33), ascends rivers to :
spawn. Young hatch in 7-10 days. Feed on plankton
(2390). Young migrate to sea after 5-6 mos.
Remarks: Introduced in 1871 to West. Abundant, introduced, slight
commercial value in this area ( 2049 , p369),( 2567 ; p34),
(2390), In experiments to determine effect of abrupt transfer
of salt water and vice versa at different temperatures: Adults
survived changes bet-ween salt and fresh at same tempera-
ture an at 16°F difference. No tolerance at 25 °F. Juveniles
survived changes from salt to fresh over range of 55° to
70 °F. No tolerance for fresh to salt over the same
range. (5614).
654
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Clupeidae
Clupea harengus pallasi Cuvier and Valenciennes - (Pacific herring)
(2571), (5530), (5529), (3635)?, (5681), ( Z575 , P365-72),
(2049, p369), (3804), (5640) ,(5507), (5621), (2390) ,(2444),
(2567,p34)
CluPea pallasii (obsolete name.) Also under Clupea mi r a bills in old
literature (2423), (5664), (5663), (5665), (5666), (5667),
(5668), (5669), (5660), (5661), (5670), (5671), (5672), (5673),
(5674) ,(567 5), (5676), (5677), (5678), (5679), (5680), (5682),
(5683),(5684), (5685), (5686), (5687), (5688), (5689), (5690),
(5691),(5692),(5693).
Dist: Bering Sea, Kamchatka to California ( 2049 , p369 ), (2567 , p34),
(2390),(5621)
Coll: Wash: Steilacoom, Seattle, Hoods Canal, Holmes Harbor,
Discovery Bay, Port Angeles, Utsaladdy, San Juan Islands,
Cape Flattery; Ore: Tillamook Bay, Yaquina Bay, Coos
Bay (2049,p369)
Hab: Marine (2049 ; p3 69), Enter bays in winter and spring to spawn
(2567,p34)
Misc: (2049, p369),( 2567, p34),( 2390), (5621), (2444), (5680), (5665),
(5666)
Biol: (5529),(5530), (3635),( 239 0,p99-100), (5507, pi 067), (3804),
(2444), (5678), (5682), (5684), (5668), (5673)
Physiol: (2575, P367), (5530) ,(5524), (5684), (5689), (5690), (5691)";
5692),(5693),(5660)
Ecology: (5530), (5524), (5681),(2390, p99 -1 00), (5674),( 5678),(5680),
(5682),(5669),(5661),(5671)
See also Vol. I, Chap. 20.
See also Chapter 20
p. 251
Sardinops sagax (Pacific sardine) ( 2571),( 239 0), (pilchard), (2049 , p370),
(2567, p33),( 2593), (2473), (5536), (5537), (5540), (5621),
(2700)
Sardinops^ caerula (obsolete name)
Clupea sagax (in old literature) (2423)
Sardina caerula (in very early studies)
Dist: British Columbia to Gulf of California (2049,p370),
(2567,P33),(5621), (2390)
Coll: B.C.: Nanaimo (2390), Wash: Seattle, Utsaladdy, off entrance
to Strait of Juan de Fuca, Shoalwater Bay, Ore: Astoria,
Yaquina Bay, Siuslaw River, Coos Bay (2049 , p370)
Remarks: Most abundant dupe old on Pacific coast (5621), great
commercial value (2049)
See also Chapter 20
p. 291
655
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Clupeidae
Sardinops sagax (continued)
Misc: Growth, migration, tag studies, abundance, importance,
(2390, pi 02-103), (5536), (3638), (5537), (2049, P370),
(5621)
Biol: (2049,p370), (5693),(2473), (5540), (2700)
Phys: (2473),(2700)
See also Vol. I, Chap. 20.
Family: Engraulidae--Anchovies
Engraulis mordax Girard (northern anchovie) (2341), (2567 , p36), (5704),
(5705), (5703),( 2571, p41-42), (2390, pi'04-1 05), (5702),
(5701), (5700), (5699), (5698), (5697), (5696), (569 5),
(5694),(5621)
There are two subspecies: _E._ mordax mordax, ranging from B. C.
to Baja Calif. and_E_. mordax nanus found only in San
Francisco Bay area (5621)
Dist: Vancouver Is., B. C. to Baja Calif. (2571,p42)
Coll: B. C. : Vancouver Island, Barkley Sound, Strait of Georgia,
Port Hardy (2390)
Misc: Important commercially as bait for albacore. Could be
more important in future (2571,p42)
Remarks: Spawn in July arid August. Eat plankton crustaceans.
(2390). Shrimps and anchovy main food of Roccus
saxatilis in San Francisco Bay in summer and fall. (5695).
Paired light exper. (5704), Tag exper. , (5703), (5706)
Biol: (3638), Maristic characteristics indicates 3
populations in N. Pacific (5696). Number of eggs spawned
in one batch estimated to be 574/gm. of total weight of
female. Biomass of commercial catch. Male = 75% of
female bio mass. It is not known how many times female
spawns. (5707). Mainly used for bait. Southern Calif.
fish smaller than north. Lives up to 7 yrs. 50% females
reach maturity in 2-3 years, most have reached it by
4 yrs. (5694)
See also Vol. I, Chap. 20.
Engraulis mordax mordax Girard (Northern anchovy) (2049;p370),
(2567,P36),(5621),(5694)
Dist: Vancouver Island to Lower California. (2049,p370),
(2567,p36),(5621)
656
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Engraulidae
Engraulis mordax mordax (continued)
Coll: Wash: Coastal, off Copalis; Grays Harbor; Shoalwater Bay
(2049,p370), PugetSound, Alki Pt. , Seattle; Hoods Canal;
Utsaladdy (2049,p370), Ore: Coastal, Tillamook Bay;
Yaquina Bay; Coos Bay, Astoria, Columbia River mouth,
(2049,p370)
c i ir i T ^u -.~ See also Chapter 20
See also Vol. I, Chap. 20.
P* ^ 3 7
Family: Salmonidae--trouts , whitefish, grayling
bee also Chapter 20
p. 277
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum) - (pink salmon, humpback salmon)
(2049, p370),( 2571,p22),( 2390), (3804), (2420), (5681), (2771)
Dist: Northern Japan to Alaska to California (2049,p370)
Coll: Wash: Seattle, San Juan Isl. , Willapa Bay, Ore: Deschutes
River (2049,p370),(2571,p22)
Misc: (5656)
Biol: (239 0, pi 06), ( 277 !),(2049, p370), (3804), (5681), (5656)
Phys: (2390,pl06),(2771)
Ecology: (5681)
See also Vol. I, Chap. 20.
Qncorhynchus keta (Walbaum) (chum salmon, dog salmon) (2049,p370),
(2571 ,P22),( 2390), (2771), (2420), (363 5)
Dist: Kamchatka, Bering Sea, to California (2049 , p370), ( 2390)
Coll: Wash: Fort Steilacoom, New Dungeness, Duwamish River,
Cedar River, Hoods Canal near Holly, San Juan Islands,
Neah Bay, Chehalis ( 2049 , p370),'Ore: Below mouth of
Willamette River, all larger streams (2049,p371)
Remarks: Abundant.
Hab: Marine and freshwater
Misc: Great commercial value (2049,p370),(2390)
Biol. and Phys: ( 2390), (2771)
See also Vol. I, Chap. 20.
Qncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum) (silver salmon, dog salmon, hoodbill,
silversides, jack salmon) ( 2049 , p371), (3804), ( 2341),
(2420), (5507),( 5513),(239 0),( 2567, p42),( 2571,p22)
Dist: Japan to Alaska to Mexico (2049 , p371),(2575, p365-372),
(2567,p42),(2390)
Coll: Wash: Seattle, Duwamish River and Lake Union, Lake
Washington, Green Lake, Hoods Canal near Holly, San
657
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Salmonidae
Oncorhynchus kisutch (continued)
Juan Islands, Port Angeles, Cape Johnson, Dickey River,
Quillayute River mouth. Ore: Coastal, St. Helens,
Scappoose, Clackamas R. , Wallowa R. , Los tine R. ,
Nehalem R. , Nestucca R. , Alsea R. , Siuslaw and Tsiltcoos
Rivers, Butte and Tahkenitch Creeks, Elk Cr. , near
Cannon Beach, Port Orford, Rogue R. near Medford
(2049,p371)
Hab: Marine and fresh-water
Misc: Abundant,, Great commercial value (2049,p371)
Physiol: (2575,p367-68), (2390, pi06)
Biol: (2390,p!06),(3804),(5507)
See also Vol I, Chap. 20.
Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum) - (red salmon, sockeye salmon,
blueback salmon) (2049 ,p371), (2571 ,p22), (3635),
(2390,.pi 20-121), (551 3), (2420)
Dist: Japan to Alaska to California ( 2049 , p371), (2390)
Coll: Wash: San Juan Islands, Quinault R. , Ore: Astoria
(2049,p371)
Hab: Marine and freshwater (2049,p371)
Misc: Abundant, very great commercial value (2049, p371),
(2390),(5656)
Biol: (5656),(5513),(3635)
Phys: (5513)
See also Vol. I, Chap. 20.
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum) (king, chinook, or spring salmon)
(2049, p371),( 2341), (5669), (2428), (3804), (5507), (2390),
(2567,p40),(2571,p22)
Dist: Northern China to Alaska to California. (2049 , p371), (2567 , p40)
(2390)
Coll: Wash: Pt. Gamble, Pt. Townsend, San Juan Islands (2049 , p371 -2)
Cape Flattery, Grays Harbor, Willapa Bay. Ore: New
Columbia River mouth, Tillamook Bay (2049,p372)
Hab: Marine and freshwater (2049:p371)
Misc: Abundant, very great commercial value (2049, p371),(2567,p40)
(2390)
Biol: (2390), (5507), (5513) ,(5669)
Phys: (2390),(5513)
See also Vol. I, Chap. 20.
See also Chapter 20
p. 277
658
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Salmonidae
Sal mo clarkii clarkii Richardson - (coastal cutthroat trout, Columbia
River trout) (2049 , p372), (2567 ,p43) (?390,plH)
Dist: B.C. to California (2049, p372)
Coll: Wash; Puget Sound, Hoods Canal near Holly; Pt. Townsend;
Cape Flattery; Dickey R. , Shoalwater Bay, Lakes and
streams, Ore: Coastal, Lakes and streams; Elk Cr.
near Cannon Beach, Coos Bay.
Hab: Freshwater and marine (2049,p372)
Biol: (2390)
Misc: Abundant, considerable commercial value (2049.p372)
Salmo gairdnerii gairdnertLRichardson (rainbow trout, steelhead trout,
salmon trout, half pounders, summer salmon, hardhead)
(2049 , p373), ( 2420), ( 2567 , P431, (2571 , p22), (239 0, pi 09 -11) ,
(5555),(5582)
Dist: Alaska to Baja California (2049 :p373), (2567 , p43), (2390)
Coll: Wash: Seattle, Hoods Canal near Holly, San Juan Islands;
Str. of Juan de Fuca, coastal, Cape Flattery, Willapa
Bay, Columbia River drainage mouth, Ore: Coastal
(2049,p373)
Biol: Anadromous. Eat crustaceans, herring, squid and other
fishes (2390).
Phsiol: (5555) Study done on hatching. (1-2 yr. old fish) revealed
temp, altered albumin, alpha -1 and beta flobulin in
blood. Effects is on liver where they are synthesized.
Oxygen consumption of liver is greater at 8°C than at
16°C. Meaning liver metabolism is greater at lower
temp. Photo period had no effect on these specimens.
Presumably because they had not reached sexual maturity
(5582). Length of photoperiod. Showed little effect on
metabolic rate of exised brain, liver and gill tissue. Brain
showed com-plete metabolic compensation, Q O2 at 8 °
C = Q O-> at 16°C. Liver showed overcompensation.
Q C>2 at 8°C> Q Oz at 16°C. No compensation occurred
in gill tissue indicating that perhaps the fill is adequate
to handle all of the body's oxygen needs.
Salvelinus malma Walbaum (2390,pi 12),(2421)
Salve linus malma spe eta bills (Girard) - (Dolly Varden trout, bull trout,
western charr) (2049 ,p374), (2390)
Dist: (marine only) Coastal streams from Alaska to Northern
California (2049,p374)
659
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Salmonidae
Salvelinus malma (continued)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Puyallup, Duwamish, and Lummi
River, Seattle, Skagit R. , coastal, Grays Harbor,
Ore: Coastal ( 2049 , p374)
Hab: Freshwater and marine (2049,.p374)
Remarks: Spawns in autumn in streams; food consists of insects,
crustaceans, fishes including herring, sticklebacks,
young salmon and salmon eggs.
Misc: Abundant, slight commercial value (2049,p374)
Family: Osmeridae--Smelts
Allosmerus elongatus (Ayres) (White bait smelt) (2567,p38)
Dist: St. of Juan de Fuca to San Pedro (2567,p38)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Misc: Minor commercial importance
Hypomesus pretiosus (Girard) - ^ilver smelt, surf smelt) (2049, p375),
(2033,p320), (5538),(2390),(2567, p39),( 2341)
Dist: Alaska to central California ( 2049 , p275), ( 2567 , p39 ), (2390)
Coll: Coastal, Puget Sound region, Seattle, Utsaladdy; Pt. Townsend;
San Juan Islands; Pt. Angeles; (2049,p375), Beach
at La Push; Beach at mouth of Cedar Cr. (2049,p376), Ore:
Columbia River mouth, coastal, Tillamook Bay;
Nestucca Bay, Yaquina Bay; Yachats; Siuslaw R. , Coos
Bay (2049,p376)
Misc: Abundant, considerable commercial value ( 2049 , p375)
Hab: Marine, Surf smelt (2044, p320)
Spawning: From June to September on sandy beaches (2390,pi 2,6)
Spawn where there is fresh water seepage through gravel.
Usually, at high and falling tide. In summer, eggs hatch
in 10-11 days; in winter it is longer. (5538). Spawn
most months of the year on exposed beaches and at
heads of sheltered bays. Surf covers eggs attached to
gravel with a layer of sand to prevent drying out. In
summer's, spawning on shaded beaches -where day temp.
is cooler.
Predators: Eaten by chinook salmon and other fishes (2390, p!26)
Do not seem to be a favored fish for predators. (5538)
Feeding: Eat mainly crustaceans: euphasids, shrimp larvae and
amphipods.
660
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES Osmeridae
Qsmerus dentex Steindacher - (Arctic smelt, toothed smelt)
(2390,pl26-7)
Dist: Bering Sea to Vancouver Island
Spirinchus dilatus Schultz and Chapman (Longfin smelt, Puget Sound smelt)
(2390,pl24),(5538),(2049,p375)
Dist: North B. C. to North Calif. (2049.p375)
Coll: B.C.: Burrard Inlet and Harrison Lake.(2049 ; p375)
Wash: Puget Sound region: Saratoga Passage, off
Camano Is. , Mouth of Nooksack R. , San Juan Is. ,
coastal Albatross Station 2868 (off Teawhit Pt. south
of La Push, 31 fm), Ore: Columbia River mouth, Astoria,
coastal Albatross Station 3060 (off Tillamook Head, 28
fms). (2049,p375)
Hab: Marine and Freshwater
Misc: Common, some commercial value as food (2049,p375)
Inhabits water of 10-70 fms; spawns in streams near
ocean; spawn from October to December. Food consists
of small crustaceans. Spawns in fresh water. Young seem
to spend much time in freshwater before descending to
ocean. Very little economic importance (5538).
Spirinchus starksi (Fish) - (night surf smelt) (2049 , p375), (2033 , p320),
(2567,p38),(5520)
Dist: La Push, Washington south to Monterey Bay. California.
Coll: B.C. : (5520), Wash: Coastal, Beach at La Push; Cedar
Cr. Beach, Ore: Coastal, Yaquina Head; Yaquina Bay,
(2049,p375)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2044, p320), marine
Misc: Abundant, slight commercial value ( 2567 , p38)
Thaleichthys pacificus (Richardson) (Columbia Rivdr smelt, eulachon,
oollachan, candle fish) ( 2049 , p37 5), (2341), (2567 , p39),
(2571,p22,33),(5538)
Dist: Bering Sea to California
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Seattle (probably from market),
off Camino Is. Ore: Columbia River drainage, coastal,
(2049, p375)
Hab: Marine and Freshwater
Misc: Common, great commercial value (2049 , p375),( 2567 , p39 )
Enter Columbia R. in the winter in dense schools (2571,p33)
Spawning migration takes place from mid-March to mid-
May. Males move into the rivers first, then females. Eggs
attached to coarse sand. Larvae carried to sea shortly after
661
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES Osmeridae
hatching. Adults eat euphasids, and are an important link
in food chain. They are eaten by sturgeon, halibut, cod,
porpoise, finback whale, seals and sea lions. It is a good
fish and is also used to feed fur bearing animals. (5538)
. See also Chapter 20
p. 300
Family: Bathylagidae --Deepsea smelt
Bathylagus milleri Jordan and Gilbert (stout blacksmelt) (2341),(2390,p!30)
Dist: Bering Sea to southern California (2390)
Coll: B, C. : 51 °44'N, 131 °17 'W at 21 6-324 fms (2390), Ore: (2341)
Bathylagiis ochotensis Schmidt (2341)
Dist: Oregon (2341 )
Bathylagus wesathi Bolin (2341)
Dist: Oregon (2341)
Leuroglossus stilbius Gilbert (California smooth tongue) (2341 ,( 2390,p!98)
- Dist: Gulf of Alaska to southern California (2390)
Coll: Ore: (2341)
Nansenia Candida Cohen (Deep sea smelt) - (2341)
Dist: Oregon (2341)
Family: Opisthoproctidae- -Barreleye
Macropinna microstoma Chapman (Barrel eye) (2341), (2390, p!31 -2)
Dist: Alaska to southern California (2390)
Coll: B. C. : 54°22'N, 132 °1 8'W at 54-143 fms , 53°50'N, 134°20'W
at 379-487 fms(2390), Ore:(2341)
Family: Paralepidae --Barracudinas
Lestidium ringens (Jordan and Gilbert) - (Slender barracudina) (2341),
(2390,pl53-4)
Dist: B.C. to California (2390)
Coll: Ore: (2341),49°08'N, 1 27 °25' W at 1 6 fms, 51 °N, 130°W at 27
fms (2390, pi 54)
662
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES Paralepidae
Notolepis coruscans (Jordan and Gilbert) - (Ribbon baracudina)
(2341), (2390,P154-5)
Arctozenus^ coruscans
Dist: Straits of Juan de Fuca to Calif. (2390,pi 55)
Coll: Ore (2341)
Family: Anotopteridae - -Daggertooths
Anotopterus pharao Zugmayer (daggertooth) (2390, pi 55-6)
Dist: Bering Sea to Calif. (2390)
Remarks: Rare, stomach contents found in albacore, blue
shark, steelhead, and pomfret (2390)
Order: Mytophiformes
Family: Mytophidae- -Lanternfishes
Ceratoscopelus townsendi (Eigenmann and Eigenmann) (fangtooth lanternfish)
(2341)(2390,pl49-50)
Dist: B. C. to southern Calif. (2390)
Coll: Ore: (2341), 48 °58'N, 144 °21' W at 1 6 fms ( 239 0)
Diaphus theta Eigenmann and Eigenmann - (theta lanternfish) (2341)
(2390,p!44 - 5)
Dist: Gulf of Alaska to southern Calif. (2390)
Coll: Wash: coastal, from 17-584 fms; Ore: (2341)
Remarks: Adults have been obtained in salmon stomachs.
Lampany^tus idiostigma Parr (2341)
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Lampanyctus jordani Gilbert (2341 )
Coll: Oregon (2341)
Lampanyctus microchir Gilbert ( 2341)
Coll: (2341)
Lampanyctus nannochir (Gilbert) (2049,p64)
Dist: North Pacific Ocean in deep water (2049,p64)
Coll: Wash: Coastal,. Albatross Stations 3071 and 3072 (2049, p64)
Remarks: Rare, no commercial value ( 2049 , p64)
Lampanyctus pyrsobolus Alcock (2341 )
Coll: Oregon (2341)
663
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Myctophidae
Lampanyctus ritteri Gilbert - (broadfin lanternfish) - (2341), (2390, p!48 -9)
Dist: British Columbia to California (2390)
Coll: Ore: (2341); 49°06'N, 127°16'W at 122 fms (2390)
Myctoph-um californiense Eigenmann and Eigenmann (bigfin lanternfish)
(2049, p64), (2390, p!43-4)
Dist: Washington to California (2049 , p64), (2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region (2049 , p64), Vancouver Isl. , at 17
fms and in surface waters (2390)
Hab: Marine (2049., p64)
Remarks: not common, no commercial value (2049,p64)
Notoscopelus resplendens Richardson (patchwork lanternfish( - ( 2390, pi 50-1)
Dist: British Columbia to California (2390)
Coll: 49°24'N, 140°38'W at depth 16 fms (2390)
Stenobrachius leucopsarus (Eigenmann and Eigenmann) (2341) (small fin
lanternfish)
Lampanyctus leucopsarus (Eigenmann and Eigenmann) - (2049;p64),
(2390,pl45-6)
Dist: Alaska to California ( 2049 , p64),( 2390),( 2341)
Coll: Wash: Coastal, Albatross Station 3343 ( 2049 , p64), 52°39'N,
132°38'W, depth 1,588 fms.
Hab: Have been taken from Juan de Fuca Strait to Alaska from
17-650 fms. Occasionally found in salmon stomachs (2390)
Remarks: Rare, no commercial value (2049,p64)
Tarleton crenularis (Jordan and Gilbert) - (blue lanternfish) (2341),
(2390,p!41-2)
Dist: S.E. Alaska to southern California (2390)
Coll: Wash: Juan de Fuca Strait 48 °00'N, 1 25 °41' W at 173 -260 fms
(2390), Ore: (2341)
Family: Alepisauridae- -lancetfishes
Alepisauris borealis Gill (Pacific lancetfish) (2567 , p43), (2390, pi 56-7)
A. richardsoni (synonym)
Dist: Alaska to equator ( 2567 , p43 ),( 239 0)
Remarks: Not rare ( 2567 , p43),( 239 0) seems to be an inhabitant of deep
water. Individuals have eaten: squid, octopi, herring, lantern'
fishes, hake, rockfishes, soft sculpins (Gilbertia sigulatej)
poachers and spring lumpsuckers (Eumicrotemus orbis) (2390)
664
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Alepisauridae
Alepisaurus ferox Lowe (lancetfish) (2049,p64)
Dist: North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans (2049.. p64)
Coll: Wash: Coastal, Puget Sound region, off cape Johnson, Grays
Harbor (2049,p64)
Hab: Marine
Remarks: Not rare, no commercial value (2049,p64)
Alepisauris richardsoni Bleaker
see also Alepisauris borealis Gill
Order: Anguilliformes (Apodes)
Family: Nemichthyidae —snipe eels
Note: This family inhabits deep water.
Avocettina gilli (Bean, 1890) (snipe eel), ( 2341), ( 2390 , pi 59 -60)
Dist: Alaska to Oregon ( 2390),( 2341)
Coll: Ore: (2341)
Nemichthys avocetta Jordan and Gilbert (thread eels, snipe eels)
(2049, p37 6), (2390, pi 60-161)
Dist: Washington to Oregon (2049, p376),(2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Port Gamble, Waldron Is. (2049 ,
p376), Ore: Coastal, Heceta Bank (2049,p376)
Hab: Marine ( 2049 , p376)
Remarks: Rare, no commercial value ( 2049 , p376), (2390)
Nemichthys scolopaceus Richardson (2341)
Dist: Oregon (2341 )
Order: Beloriformes
Family: Scomberesocidae--Sauries
Cololabis saira (Brevoort) (Pacific saury) (2049 , p64),( 2341),( 2567 , p43),
(2390,pl58-9),(5527)
Dist: North Pacific, Japan to Alaska to California (2049,p64)
Coll: No record from Washington or Oregon but taken off Vancouver
Island and in Califorri a (2049 , p64)
Hab: Marine (2567,p43)
Misc: Not rare, no commercial value (2049,p64)
Remarks! Diet: fish of marlin and albacore ( 2567 , p43 ),( 2390)
eat fish eggs and larvae. Larvae are pelagic (2390)
Predators include California sea lion and blue shark (5527)
665
-------
CHOEDATA - FISHES - Malacosteidae
Family: Malacosteidae
Aristostomias scintilans Gilbert - (loosejaw) (2341), (2390, pi 37 -8)
Dist: B. C. to California (2390)
Coll: Ore: (2341), 50 °21'N, 138 °44'W depth 1 6 fms ( 2390, pi 37-8)
Family: Chaeliodontidae --Viper fish
Chauliodus macouni Bean - (fanged viper-fish) ( 2049 , p376), (2341),
f2390,pl38-9)
Dist: Queen Charlotte Islands, B.C. to California ( 2049 , p376),( 2390)
Coll: B. C. : 51 °23'N, 130°34'W at 876 fms also 40 fms at mouth of
Fraser River (2390), Ore: Coastal, Albatross Station
3347 (2049;p376)
Hab: Marine (2049,p376)
Remarks: Eats arrow worms, Saggita and shrimp (2390)
Not rare, no commercial value (2049, p376)
Order: Gadiform.es (Anacanthini)
Family: Gadidae--codfish and hakes
Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius (Pacific codfish, gray cod) (2049,p65),
(2567 ,p49),( 2390, pi 65-166), (5502), (551 5), (5517)
Dist: Bering Sea to Oregon (2049 ,p65),( 2567 , p49)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Seattle, Pt. Townsend, Discovery
Bay, San Juan Islands, Pt. Angeles, St. of Juan de Fuca,
Coastal, Neah Bay, Cape Flattery, Ore: Coastal,
Yaquina Bay (2049,p65)
Habit: Marine
Remarks: Abundant, commercial value (2049 , p65),( 2567 , p49 )
Seasonal migration from deep to shallow water in spring.
Spawning in late winter. Eggs are pelagic. Feed near
bottom herring, sandlance and crustaceans (2390)
Temp: Hatching of eggs at 11°C was most rapid (8. 5 days) but
was least successful. Hatching most successful at 5°C
(17 days). (5502) No relationship found between climatic
temperature and abundance of cod. (5515); (5517)
Microgadus proximus (Girard) - (Pacific tomcod) ( 2049 , p65),( 2341),
(2567,p49),(2390,pl65-165)
Dist: Alaska to California (2049 , p65),( 2567 , p49 ), (2390)
666
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES Gadidae
Microgadus proximus (continued)
Coll; Wash: Puget Sound region, Seattle, Pt. Ludlow, Saratoga
Passage, San Juan Is. , Pt. Angeles, Coastal, Cape
Flattery, La Push, off Cape Johsnon and Willapa Bank,
Ore: Coastal, Astoria, Tillamook Head and five miles
south of Cape Falcon, Yaquina Bay.Yaquina Head (2049,p65)
Hab: Marine ( 2049 , p65)
Remarks: Common, slight commercial value (2049 , p65)
Theragra chalcogramma fucejisis^ (Jordan and Gilbert ) - (walleye pollock,
Puget Sound pollack, whiting) (2049 ; p65), (2390, pi 63-1 64)
Dist: Washington ( 2049 , p65),( 2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Meadowdale, Possession Sd. ,
Saratoga Passage, San Juan Is.(2049,p65), Coastal,
Cape Flattery (2049, p65)
Hab: Marine ( 2049 , p65)
Remarks: Abundant, slight commercial value ( 2049 , p65), used as
mink food. Eats crustaceans, herring and sandlance (2390)
Merluccius productus (Ayres) (Pacific hake) (2049 , p65), (2567 ,p48),
(2390,p!62-3),(5639,p218)
Dist: Alaska to Gulf of California (2049 ,p66),(2567 , p48), (2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Duwamish Head, Seattle, Possession
Sound, Saratoga Passage, San Juan Islands, Coastal
off Grays Harbor, Columbia R. mouth, Chinook, Ore:
Coastal off Tillamook, Astoria, off Newport, and off
Heceta Head, Tillamook Head, 5 miles south of Cape
Falcon, Yaquina Head, off Cape Perpetua, Heceta Bank,
off mouth Siuslaw R. , Yaquina Bay, off Yaquina Head
(2049sp66)
Hab: Marine (2049 , p65)
Remarks: Common, slight commercial value ( 2049 , p66), eats small
fish and squids (2390) Eaten by dogfish shark, Squalus^
acanthias (5639), See (2637) for fecundity study, see also
Vol. I, Chap 20.
See also Chapter 20
p. 269
667
-------
CHORDATA FISHES Gasterosteidae
Order: Gasterosteiform.es
Family: Gasterosteidae--Stickle backs
Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus - (common three-spined stickleback)
(2049,p69),(2390,p353-4),(5500)
Dist: Europe, Asia and North America
Coll: Puget Sound region: Seattle, Meadowdale, Hoods Canal near
Holly, Pt. Ludlow, San Juan Islands, Str. of Juan de
Fuca. (2049,p69), Wash: Neah Bay, Cape Flattery,
La Push, Quinault R. mouth, Grays Harbor, Shoalwater
Bay (Wil-lapa) (2049,p69), Columbia River Drainage,
mouth ( 2049 , p69 ), Ore: Coastal, All freshwater streams,
Tillamook Bay, Siuslaw River and outlet of Siltcoos L. ,
Elk Cr. near Cannon Beach (2049,p69)
Hab: Marine, brackish and entering fresh water, (2049,p69),
Remarks: Found in small schools particularly around wharves
and eelgrass. Eats largely small crustaceans. (2390)
Common, no commercial value (2049;p69)
Family: Aulorhynchidae--Tube-snouts
Aulorhynchus flavidus Gill (many-spined stickleback, tube-snout) (2049, p70),
(2390,p355-6),(5500)
Dist: Alaska to southern California (San Nicholas Is. ) (2049, p70)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Alki Pt. , in Seattle, Meadowdale,
Whidby Island, Hoods Canal, Pt. Ludlow, Pt. Townsend,
San Juan Islands, Pt. Angeles (2049, p70), coastal, Cape
Johnson, Grays Harbor ( 2049 , p70), Ore: Coastal, Tillamook
Bay, Cape Arago (2049,p70)
Hab: Marine (2049,p70)
Remarks: Common shore fish appearing in schools at the surface near
wharves. Also around eelgrass. Eats small plankton
crustaceans. (2390), Abundant, no commercial value
(2049,p70).
Family: Syngnathidae--Pipefish and Seahorses
Syngnathus califo mien sis Storer (kelppipe fish) (2033,p321)
Dist: Central California (2033,p321)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p321)
668
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES Syngnathidae
Syngnathus griseolineatus Ayres (Bay pipefish) (2049 . p70),(2390, p356-7),
(5500)
Dist: Southeastern Alaska to Monterey Bay (2049, p70)
Coll: Wash: Coastal, PugetSound, Seattle, Hoods Canal near Holly,
Pt. Ludlow, San Juan Islands (2049,p70), Grays Harbor
(2049,p70), Ore: Coastal, Tillamook Bay, Nestucca Bay,
Yaquina Bay, Siuslaw R. , Fort Umpqua, Coos Bay, Cape
Arago (2049,p70), Columbia River mouth
Hab: Marine
Misc: Common, no commercial value.
Remarks: Found in eelgrass and around wharves. Reproduces in spring.
Eats small crustaceans. Young incubated in brood pouch
of male (2390)
Order: Lampidriformes
Family: Lamprididae- -Opah
Lampris reguis Bonnaterre - (Opah) (2390, pi 71 -173)
Dist: Alaska to southern California (2390)
Remarks: Prefers warmer seas and open ocean; food consists of
crustaceans, squid and small fishes; used for food in
Europe and Japan (2390)
Family: Trachipteridae --Ribbonfisb.es
Trachipterus altivelis Kner (2341)
Dist: Oregon (2341)
Trachipterus rex-salmonorum Jordan and Gilbert - (King-of-the-Salmon,
ribbon fish) (2049 , p66),( 2567 , p49), ( 239 0, pi73 -4)
Dist: Washington to southern California (2049 , p66),( 2567 , p49), (2390)
Coll: B. C. : (2049 ,p66), Puget Sound: St. of Juan de Fuca at
Sherringham Pt. (2049,p66)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Rare, no commercial value
Remarks: Stomach contents of one individual was 2 rockfish, 1 lantern
fish, several squid and octopi and numerous small
crustaceans. (2390)
Trachipterus trachypterus
see T. rex-salmonorum
669
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Serranidae
Order: Perciformes
Family: Serranidae--Sea Basses
Roccus saxatilis (Walbaum) (striped bass) (2049 ,p73),(2567),(5535),
(5614),(5644),(5642)
Dist: Atlantic Coast of North America. Introduced to Pacific
Coast; now taken from northern Oregon to southern
California, uncommon north of Coos Bay and south of
Monterey (2567, p?l)
Coll: Ore: Coastal, Coos Bay ( 2049 , p72)
Hab: Marine and freshwater. , Anadromous (2567, p71)
Misc: Common, considerable commercial value (2049 , p72). Life
History; Fish spawn in flooding tide. Seem to spawn in
rivers near the mouth in water of salinity of around 0.
Spawn mainly in spring around June. Migrate into rivers
in spring, back into sloughs in fall and out to the ocean
in winter. Food: Voracious eaters. Eating mainly:
viviparous perch, herring, sardlance, surf smelt, anchovies
sculpins, shrimp, and crabs. Eat many salmon. Fry eaten
in spring. Tolerances: Adult bass has tolerated changes
over range of 45° - 80 °F in experiments to determine
effect of abrupt transfer between salt and freshwater
and vice-versa. Juveniles survived 55°-70°F but did
not tolerate 45°F from fresh to salt water (5614). In
migrations from San Francisco Bay to ocean, the run
through Golden Gate does not develop if the ocean temp.
is too cold (5642). Co mm. value: Common, very important
commercial and sport fish (2049 , p72), (5535). Introduced
to West in 1879 (5614).
Family: Coryphaenidae - -Dolphins
Cpryphaena hippurus Linnaeus - (Common dolphinfish) (2567,p81
Dist: Common in warm seas (2567,p81)
Coll: Ore: Off Columbia River (2567 ,p81 )
Misc: Little commercial value.
670
-------
CHORDATA FISHES - Bramidae
Family: Bramidae--Pomfrets
Bra ma raii (Bloch) (pomfret) ( 2049 , p71),( 2390 , p221 -22)
Brarna rayi (Bloch) (5500)
Dist: Alaska to Santa Catalina Island (2049,p71)
Coll: Puget Sound: Pt. Townsend( 2049 , p71), Wash: Coastal,
Cape Flattery (2049, p71), Ore: Coastal, Newport
(2049,p71)
Misc: Not common, no commercial value. Very abundant off
Queen Charlotte Island in 1956 when temperature of
water was 57 °F excellent food fish. Food: squid,
fish, and crustaceans (2390)
Family: Sciaenidae--Drums
Cynoscion nobilis Ayres (white seabass) (2567 , p95), (3009,pl9-33),
(2390,p217-18)
Atroctoscion nobilis (Ayres) -(white seabass) ( 2049 , p72) old name.
Dist: Alaska to Magdalena Bay, Baja Calif. Uncommon north of
San Francisco. (2567 , p95), (2390)
Coll: Str. Juan de Fuca (2049,p72)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Important commercially and as a sport fish. No commercial
value northward. Prefer warmer parts of habitat. (3009)
Spawn from March to August near kelp beds. Voracious
and carnivorous, eat pilchards , herring, anchovies,
smelt, crustaceans, squids, and other invertebrates.
(2390,p218)
Genyonemus lineatus Ayres - (white croaker) (2567 , pi 00), (2390, p21 8-19)
Dist: Vancouver Island to San Juanico Bay, Baja Calif. Rare north
of San Francisco (2567 , pi 00), (2390)
Hab: Schools with greenfish and other species in shallow water over
sandy bottoms. Also in bays and sloughs. (2567, pi 00).
Spawns from November to May. Eats worms, small
crustaceans, and molluscs (2390)
Misc: Small commercial value.
671
-------
CHORDATA FISHES - Embiotocidae
Family: Embiotocidae--surf perches
Amphisticus rhodoterus Agassiz (red-tail perch) (3008 , p44), ( 2567 , pi 04)
same as Holoconotus rhodoterus
Brachyistius frenatus Gill (viviparous perch) (kelp perch) (2049;pl36),
(3008, P87 -89), (2567, pi 13), ( 2390, P214), (5526), (2419)
Dist: Vancouver Island to California (2049 , p!36), (3008 , p89),
(2567,pl!3)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sou nd region ( 2049 , pi 36)
Hab: Marine (2049 , pi 36), rocky coasts in the kelp, occur to 1 5 fms.
Eat mainly crustaceans (2390)
Remarks: Common, slight commercial value ( 2049 , p!36), (3008 , p87-9),
( 2567 , pi 1 3 ). Rarely approaches intertidal area. Stays
in kelp. Eaten by gulls mainly herbivorous (5526)
Cymatogaster aggregatus Gibbons (perch, shiner, viviparous perch)
(2049, pl36),(3008,p76),(2567,pll2),(2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Seattle, Meadowdale, Pt. Ludlow,
Possession Sound, Saratoga Passage, Hoods Canal near
Holly, Pt. Townsend, Pt. Angeles, San Juan Island,
"New Orcas Islands," (2049, pi 36), Golden Gardens
(3008,p75), Coastal, Cape Flattery, Quillayute R. mouth,
Quinault R. mouth, Grays Harbor, Ore: Cannon Beach,
Tillamook Bay, Nestucca Bay, Yaquina Head, Yaquina Bay,
Siuslaw R. mouth, Coos Bay near Empire (2049, pi 36)
Hab: Marine (2049 , pi 36)
Remarks: Common, slight commercial value as bait (2049, pi 36)
Phys: Is more resistant to changes in oxygen content or carbon
dioxide content of sea water than either Oncorhynchus
kisutch or Clupea pallasii. This is in keeping with the
fact that the alkali reserve of the blood plasma of
Cytomagaster aggregata changes very rapidly with changes
in carbon dioxide tension of sea-water (2575,p368)
Life cycle: Found in shallow waters in summer, deeper in winter.
Breed from April to July. 8-36 young liberated after
10-12 months. Eats small crustaceans and other invertebrate
(2390), Found in schools around piles (3804). For males,
increasing or long photoperiod, such as late winter, spring
or early summer, results in spermatogenesis, develop-
ment of secondary sex structures, and reproductive behavior.
See also Chapter 20
p. 253
672
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Embiotocidae
Cymatogaster aggregatus (continued)
Warm temperatures are related also and enhance this.
Cold temperature and short photoperiod, as in winter,
results in testicular restitution and growth of spermat-
ogonia. (2484) For females, warm temperature as found
in late summer and early autumn, aids oocyte formation.
Cold temperature (early winter) aids oocyte maturation.
Early gestation is aided by cold temperature, but needs
warm temperature in late pregnancy. (2484), Age and
Growth Studies (3384)
Damalichthys vacca Girard (pile perch, silver perch) ( 2049 , pi 37 ),
(3008,p56-59) obsolete name, (2390, p21 0-11)
see Rhacachilus vacca
Embiotoca lateralis L. Agassiz (striped perch)(3008 , p62-64), ( 2390, p211 -1 2),
(blue perch) (2049,p!37), (2567 ,pl 10), (5548),(2416)
Ditrema laterale obsolete name (2419)
Taeniotoca lateralis
Dist: Alaska to California (3008, p64), (2390), ( 2049 , pi 37)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, San Juan Islands, Golden Gardens,
Ft. Steilacoom, Seattle, Meadowdale, Hoods Canal near
Holly, Coastal, (2049, p!37), Cape Johnson, Willapa Bay,
Pacific Co. (3008 , p64),( 2567 , pi 1 0), Ore: Coastal,
Tillamook Bay, Cape Foulweather, Nestucca Bay,
Yaquina Bay, Yaquina Head, Ecola Rocks, Coos Bay, Cape
Arago (2049,pi37)
Hab: Rocky areas and around wharf piling, small commercial value
(3008,p64), Marine (2049, p!37). Fish live in rocky banks.
pilings and eel grass
Misc: Common, considerable commercial value ( 2049 , pi 37 )
Remarks: Biol: Young born in June and July. Eat small crustaceans,
worms, mussels, and sometimes herring eggs (2390)
Give birth to young in late spring and early summer
before July 1. Mainly ate amphipods of species Ampithoe
and Anisogammarus.Amphipods appeared to constitute
almost entirely the food of young of the year and one-year
old fish. Mussels, barnacles, surface insects, isopods
and shrimp found in adult stomachs also. Shrimp were
Upogelia sp. and Callianassa sp. (5548)
Tagging seemed to indicate homing instinct (not conclusive)
673
-------
CHORDATA FISHES - Embiotocidae
Embiotoca lateralis (continued)
Temp: Temperature seems to be a limiting factor
in determining the range of embiotocids. In Yaquina
Bay, fish were found in areas of salinity >26%o and
temperature <16°C, mainly around 32%o and 13 °C.
19 °C seemed too high.
Holconotus rhodoterus Agassiz (porgy) (2049 , pi 37), (3008 , p44-46), (redtail
perch), (2567 , pi 04), ( 239 0 , p208 -9 ), ( 2419 )
Amphisticus rhodoterus (Aggassiz) ( 2567 , pi 04), (3008 , p44),( 5500 , p33)
Dist: B.C. to California (2049,p!37),(3008,p44-46),(2567,p!04)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Ft. Steilacoom, Str. Juan de
Fuca, Coastal, Cape Flattery, James Is. at La Push,
Quinault R. mouth, Shoalwater (Willapa) Bay; Ore:
Col R. mouth, Astoria, coastal, Cannon Beach, mouth
of Yaquina Bay ( 2049 , pi 37 ), (3008 , p46)
Hab: Marine (2049, p!37)
Remarks: Common, slight commercial value ( 2049 ; pi 37), (3008 , p46),
(2567,pi 04)
Hyperprosopon argenteum Gibbons (white perch, wall-eyed surf fish)
(2049,pl37),(3008),(2567,pl03),(2390,p207-8)
Dist: B. C. to California (2049 , p!37),(3008,p34), (2567 ,pi 03),(2390)
Coll: Ore: Coastal, Yaquina Bay, Coos Bay, Astoria (2049,p!37)
Hab: Marine (2049, p!37), Surf off sandy beaches (3008,p34)
Remarks: Common, slight commercial val ue ( 2049 , pi 37 ). Observed
to mate in November in Calif. Gestation period of 5-6
months. Liberate 5-12 young. In S. Calif. , were
observed to mate in November in water 4-12 ft. deep
about 25-200 ft. offshore over rocky areas with sand
patches. Found usually in schools of 4-10 females and
1 male. Mating takes place in pairs only. Birth of
young in April (2390). Growth and Development (3384)
Hyperprosopon ellipticum (Gibbons) (silver perch) (3008, p34-36), (2567 , pi 03)
(5520)
Dist: B.C. to California (3008,p36),(5520)
Coll: B. C. : Schooner Cove (5520), Wash: Clallam Co. (3008,p36)
Hab: Surf along sandy beaches (3008, p36)Taken over a sandy bottom
between 8 and 10 feet below intertidal zone in dense eel
grass (5520)
Remarks: No commercial value (2567, pi 03)
674
-------
CHORDATA FISHES - Embiotocidae
Microme trus aurora (Jordan and Gilbert) (reef perch) (2033,p320),
(3008,p84-6)
Dist: California (2033,p320)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p320)
Phanerodon furcatus Girard (white sea perch, white surffish, forktail
perch, splittall perch) ( 2049 , pi 37 ), (3008 , p51 -53),
(2567,P106),(2390,p209-10)
Dist: Vancouver Island to California (2049,p!37)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, San Juan Islands, coastal,
Grays Harbor, Ore: Yaquina Bay, Coos Bay (2049, p!37)
Hab: Marine ( 2049 , pi 37)
Remarks: Common, slight commercial value (2049 , pi 37 ), most
important commercial species of surf perch in Calif.
(3008,p53),(2567,pl06),(2390)
Growth and Development: (3384)
Rhacochilus vacca Girard ( 2567 , pi 04), (3008 , p56)
see also Damalichthys vacca
Dist: Alaska to California ( 2049 , pi 27 ), (3008 , p59 )
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Ft. Steilacoom, Seattle, Hoods
Canal near Holly, Saratoga Passage, Pt. Angeles, San
Juan Islands, Golden Gardens, Seattle, (3008,p58),
Coastal, Vancouver Isl. , Grays Harbor (2049, pi 37),
Ore: Coastal, Tillamook Bay, Nestucca Bay, Yaquina
Bay, Coos Bay, Cape Arago (2049,pl37)
Hab: Marine (2049,pl37), rocky and sandy shores, near wharf pilings,
sometimes taken in pur se seine catches of sardines
(3008, p59). Found in shallow waters in summer, deeper
waters in winter. Good sport fish (2390)
Remarks: Common, considerable commercial value (2049, p!37)
Taeniotoca lateralis (Agassiz (blue perch) (2049,p!37) (obsolete nomenclature)
see Embiotoca lateralis
Tocichthys ellipticus (Gibbons) (silver perch, silver porgy) (2049, p!36)
Dist: Washington to California (2049, pi 36)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound Region, Seattle, Pt. Angeles, (2049,p!36),
Coastal, Cape Johnson, Clallom Co. , Pt. Grenville
near Moclips, Grays Harbor ( 2049 , pi 37), Ore: Columbia
River mouth ( 2049 , p!37), Coastal, Cannon Beach, Cape
Foulweather, Yaquina Bay, Ecola Rocks (2049, pi 37)
Remarks: Common, slight commercial value (2049, p!36)
675
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Scombridae
Family: Scombridae--Mackerels and Tunas
Eji:.liyjmus_ p_elamis Linnaeus (skipjack) (5500)
Katsuwonus pelamis Linnaeus (2567,p86),(2390, p227-28)
Dist- Vancouver Isl. to South America. Rare north of Pt. Conception.
Remarks: Great commercial value (2567 ,p86), (2390), Eats small fish
and plankton crustaceans. Excellent game fish.
Occurs in larger schools. (2390)
Germo alalunga (Gmelin) (2049, p70)
see Thunnus alalunga
Pneumatophorus diego Ayres (2049 , p70),(2567 ,p84) obsolete name
see Scomber japonicus
Pneumatophorus japonicus (Houttwyn) (2390, p228) obsolete name
see Scomber japonicus
Sarda chilensis (Cuvier and Valenciennes) - (skipjack, California bonito)
(2049.P70)
Sarda lineolata Girard (2567 ,p85), (2390,p226-7)
Dist: Vancouver Island to Chile. Common southward. (2049,p70),
(2567,p85),(2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Vancouver Isl, ( 2567 , p85), Str.
of Juna de Fuca off Sherringham Pt. (2049,p70)
Hab: Marine .
Remarks: Slight commercial value, Good sport fish and excellent
food fish. Eats squid and various fishes. (2390)
Scomber japonicus Houttwyn - (Pacific mackerel) (5500)
Pneumatophorus japonicus Houttwyn (2390,p228)
Pneumatophorus diego (Ayres) (2049 , p70), (2567 , p84)
Dist: Alaska to California (2567, p84) ,(2049 ,p70), (2390)
Coll: B.C.: Nanaimo (2390), Wash: Puget Sound, Str. Juan de Fuca,
off Sherringham Pt. on Vancouver Is. ; Ore: Coastal,
Coos Bay (2049,p70),(2390)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Small commercial value. No fishery in Washington
Remarks: Spawns off California coast from late April through July
near shore; eggs are pelagic and hatch in 3 days; eats
crustaceans, squids and small fishes (2390)
676
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES Scombridae
Thunnus alalunga (Bonaterre) (albacore) ( 2341 ),( 2571 , p37 ),( 2390, p224-25),
(5516),(2640),(5650)
Thunnus germo (Lacepede)
Germo alalunga (Gmelin) ( 2049 , p70)
Dist: Gulf of Alaska to Mexico ( 2049 ; p7 1),( 2571 , p37)
Coll: 52°49'N, 134°29'W, Wash: Puget Sound region, coastal,
Ore: Coastal, Coos Bay ( 2049 , p71 )
Misc: Very great commercial value (2571 , p37), ( 2049 , p71)
Remarks: Fished from mid-July to late October. (2571,p37)
Pelagic. Extensive feeding migrations. Eat schooling
fish such as anchovies, pilchard, herrings, sauries, young
mackeral, and albacore, blue lantern fish (Tarle tonbeania
crenularis) and squid and zooplankton (2390), generally
offshore. (5516) Water zones under 16. 3 ° C and over
22.8°C seem to be barriers to migrations. Large
tuna prefer the higher temps while the smaller tuna
prefer lower temps. (5655) Evidence points to one
albacore population in North Pacific. Migrates from
American coast to Asian coast. Fished by Japan in
spring and U.S. in summer. Spawn in subtropical waters.
Stays there one year. (5650)
Thunnus germo (Lacepede)
see Thunnus alalunga
Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus) - (blue fin tuna, tuna) (2049,p71)
Thunnus saliens Jordan and Evermann (California bluefin tuna) (2567,p88),
(2390,p225-6)
Dist: Gulf of Alaska to Guadalupe Isl. (2049, p71)
Coll: Ore: Coastal, Columbia R. ( 2567 , p88),( 2049 , p71)
49°N, 134°24lW--48°50rN, 1 31 °06'W --51 °N, 130°W(2390)
Misc: Slight to good commercial value ( 2049 , p71),( 2567 , p88),
(2390.pZ.25-6)
Hab: Marine ( 2049 , p71)
Remarks: Food consists of anchovies, mackerel, squid, is eaten
by killer whale (2390)
Trachyrus symmetricus Ayres (horse mackerel, Spanish mackerel,
Pacific Jack mackerel) ( 2567 , P83),( 239 0, P222-23),( 5619 )
Dist: B.C. to Acapulco, Mexico ( 2567 ,p83)
Coll: B.C.: Nootka, Massett Inlet, Monesby Island (2390)
677
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Scombridae
Trachyrus symmetricus (continued)
Misc: Very important commercial value (2567,p83)
Remarks: Spawning from Feb. to Oct. from Washington to Baja
Calif. Temp determines incubation time. (5619)
108. 5 hrs. at 14 °C and 84 hrs. at 15 °C. Spawning area
bounded approximately by 26th parallel in south, 45th in
north and 150th meridian on west. Temp, may have
importance on when or where they spawn. Greatest
abundance of eggs found at 10 meter depths. Also length
of day may have something to do with spawning.
About 60% of spawning took place within 1° of 15. 5°C.
Although this temp, remains fairly constant in waters off
Calif. , spawning occurs only in summer and spring. Maybe
length of day also is important. For 1952--1954, survival
at end of 30 days was shown to be 131, 112, 179 larvae /I 00, 000
eggs hatched. Variation insignificant (5619)
Family: Gobiidae--Gobies
See also Chapter 20
p. 301
Clevelandia ios (Jordan and Gilbert) (Arrow goby) ( 2049 , pi 38), ( 2033 , p321),
(2390, 360-61),(5500)
Dist: Vancouver Island to Calif. (2049, pi 38)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Hoods Canal, San Juan Islands,
Coastal, Cape Elizabeth near Taholah, Grays Harbor,
Ore: Coastal, Tillamook Bay , Coos Bay ( 2049,p!38)
Misc: Common
Hab: Marine, Intertidal ( 2033 , P321), Found over mixtures of sand and mud
Can bury themselves in sand very quickly (2390)
Coryphopterus nicholsii (Bean) (2033, p321),( 2390,p 358-9), (5500)
see Rhinogobiops nicholsii (Bean) (2049, pi 37)
Gillichthys mirabilis Cooper - (Mudsucker, long-jawed goby) (2567 p!43)
(2049,p!38)
Dist: Puget Sound to Mexico (2049, pi 38)
Coll: Puget Sound region (2049, p!38)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Not rare, slight commercial value ( 2049 , pi 38), (2567, p!43)
678
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Gobiidae
Lepidogobius lepidus (Girard) (Bay goby, Finescale goby) (2049,p!37),
(2390,p359-60), (5500)
Dist: Vancouver Island, to Calif. (2049, pi 27)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region: Hoods Canal near Holly.
Useless Bay, Whidbey Is. , San Juan Islands (2049,pl38)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Not rare
Remarks: Found on muddy bottoms from shallow water to 30 fms
(2390)
Lethops connectens Hubbs (Halfblind goby) (2033,p321)
Dist: Central Calif. (2033,p321)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p321)
Quietulay - cauda (Jenkins and Evermann) (2049 , pi 38), (5519 )
Dist: Vancouver Island to Guaymas, Sonora (2049, pi 38)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Vancouver Isl. (2049,p!38)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Not rare
Remarks: In Gulf of California, where max. summer temp, is
around 37 °C, this fish has maximum critical temp, of
37. 4 ± . I °C in March and 42. 3 ± . 03 °C in September
(5519)
Rhinogobiops nicholsii (Bean ) (2049,p!37) (Blue spot, crested goby)
Coryphopterus nicholsii (Bean) (2033,p321), ( 2390 , p358 -9 ), ( 5500)
Dist: B.C. to southern California (2049.-p!37)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Hoods Canal near Holly ( 2049 ,pi 37)
Hab: Intertidal, ( 2033 , p321), marine
Misc: Not rare
Family: Scorpaenidae --Scorpionfishes and rockfishes
Sebastodes aleutianus Jordan and Evermann (Rougheye rockfish,
blackthrough rockfish) (5500), (2390,p26l-62)
Dist: Gulf of Alaska to California (2390)
Coll: 50°N, 126°W at 52 fms (2390)
Sebastolobus alascanus Bean (Shortspine channel rockfish, spiny-headed
rockfish, lobe-finned rockfish) (2049:p73),(2341),(2567,
p!36),(2390,p280-l)
679
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Scorpaenidae
Sebastolobus alascanus (continued)
Dist: Bering Sea to Santa Barbara Islands ( 2049 , p73), ( 2567 , pi 36)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Str. Juan de Fuca, Coastal,
Albatross Station 3343, Albatross Station 2866; Ore:
Coastal, Albatross Station 3346, ( 2049 , p?3), 50 °49 'N,
127°36'W at 238 fms (2390)
Hab: Marine, water from 100 to 300 fms (2567,p!36)
Misc: Not common. No commercial value, good sport fish (2390)
Sebastodes alutus (Gilbert) - (Pacific ocean perch, long-jawed rockfish)
(5500), (2049,p74),(2390,p262-3)
Dist: Bering Sea to Calif (2049 ,p74),(2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Str. Juan de Fuca, Coastal,
Albatross Stations 3449 , 3459. (2049 ,p74), 48°29'N,
124U40'W at 135 fms (2390)
Hab: Marine
See also Chapter 20
P. 294
Misc: No commercial value ( 2049 , p74), (2390)
Parasites: (3235), (3409)
Remarks: Occurs between 38-350 fms. Is important food of halibut
and albacore (2390), see also Vol. I, Chap 20
Sebastodes auriculatus (Girard) (brown rockfish) ( 2049 . p75), ( 2390 , p273 -4),
(2417)
Sebastichthys auriculatus (Obsolete) (2417)
Dist: Puget Sound to California ( 2049 : p75), ( 239 0)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Columbia River mouth; Ore:
Coastal (2049,p75)
Hab: Marine
Misc: No commercial value
Sebastodes caurinus (Richardson),(Copper rockfish) (yellow-backed rockfish)
(2049,p75),(2390,p275-6)5(2417)
Sebastichthys caurinus vexillaris (Obsolete) (2417)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to Yaquina Bay, Oregon ( 2049 , p75),( 2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Seattle, off Everett, Hoods Canal
near Holly, Pt. Ludlow, San Juan Islands, Str. Juan
de Fuca, Albatross Station 3449; Ore: Coastal, Yaquina
Bay (2049,p75)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Common. Commercial value ( 2049 , p75), (239 0)
Remarks: Moderate depth.
680
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Scorpaenidae
Sebastodes chrysomelas (Jordan and Gilbert) ( 2033 , p320),( 2567 ,p 1 33),( 2417)
Sebastichthys chrysomelas (Obsolete) (2417)
Dist: No. Calif, to Baja Calif. ( 2567 , pi 33), ( 2033 , p320)
Coll: Central Calif coast ( 2033 , p320),( 2567 , p!33 )
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p320)
Sebastodes columbianus Hubbs and Schultz (2049,p73)
Dist: Columbia River mouth (2049,p73)
Sebastodes crameri Jordan (black-blotched rockfish) (2390), (black mouth
rockfish ( 5500),( 2049 , p74),( 2390 , p258 -9 )
Coll: Ore: Coastal (2049 ,p74), (2390)
Ore: off Tillamook (2049,p74)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Rare, no commercial value
Sebastodes diploproa (Gilbert) (lobe-jawed rockfish, splitnose rockfish)
(2390,p266-7),(2049,p74)
Dist: Nanaimo, B.C. to Coronado Islands (2049 , p74)
Coll: Puget Sound region: Hoods Canal (2049,p74),49°H'N, 123°54'W
at 54 fms (2390)
Hab: Marine
Remarks: Found mainly in deep water, 50-369 fms (2390). Spawns in
spring (3411)
Misc: Not common, no commercial value
Sebastodes elongatus (Ayres) (Green-striped rockfish}, ( 2049 : p75),( 2567 ,
pl32),(2390,p272-3),(2417)
Sebastichthys elongatus (obsolete) (2417)
Dist: Puget Sound to Lower California (2049 , p75), (2567 , pi 32)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Hoods Canal, Saratoga Passage,
Coastal; Ore: (2049, p75)
Hab: Marine, in deep waters (2390)
Misc: Not common, no commercial value
Remarks: Spawns in spring (3411)
Sebastodes emphaeus Starks (2049,p74)
Coll: Puget Sound (2049, p74)
Wash: Puget Sound region, Elliott Bay, Saratoga Passage, San
Juan Islands, O'Neal Island, San Juan Co. (2049,p74)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Not common, no commercial value
681
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Scorpaenidae
Sebastodes entomelas (Jordan and Gilbert) (Widow rockfish) (2341 )(2567, pi 28)
Sebastichthys entomelas (2417) (obsolete)
Dist: Oregon to Calif. (2341) (2567,p!28)
Misc: Little commercial value ( 2567 , pi 28)
Sebastodes flavidus Ayres (Yellowtail rockfish) (2049 , p73),( 2567 , p!23 ),
(2390,p253-54),(2417)
Dist: Washington to Lower California ( 2049 , p73), (2567 , pi 23), (2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, coastal, northward to Cape
Flattery; Ore: Yaquina Bay, Heceta Bank, offshore from
Cape Arago, Cape Blanco and Port Orford (2049,p73)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Common, slight commercial value
Sebastodes introniger (Gilbert) - (Alaska red rockfish) (2049,p74)
Dist: Bering Sea to Calif. (2049..p74)
Coll: Puget Sound region: off Everett (2049 , p74)
Hab: Marine
Misc: No commercial value
Sebastodes maliger (Jordan and Gilbert) (speckled or brown rockfish,
orange-spotted rockfish, quillback rockfish) (2390), (2049 ;p75)
Sebastichthys maliger (2417), Obsolete
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region: Seattle, Elliott Bay, Possession
Sound, Hoods Canal, Saratoga Passage, San Juan Islands,
Str. Juan de Fuca; Ore: Coastal, Port Orford (2049 , p75)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Common, commercial value (2049,p85), good sport fish
Remarks: Rather deep water (2417)
Sebastodes melanops (Girard) (black bass) (2049, p73),( 2033,p320),
(2567,pl24),(2390,p254-5),(2417)
Sebastichthys melanops obsolete (2417)
Dist: Alaska to California ( 2049 , p73), ( 2567 , pi 24)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Seattle, San Juan Islands, Str. Juan
de Fuca, coastal, Neah Bay, Cape Flattery, Cape Johnson,
La Push, Pt. Grenville near Moclips, Cape Elizabeth near
Taholah; Ore: Columbia R. mouth, Astoria, Coastal, Ecola
Rocks, Cape Falcon, Three Arch Rocks, near Oceanside,
Nestucca Bay, Otter Rock to Cape Foulweather, Yaquina
Head, Yaquina Bay, Cape Arago, Pt. Orford, off Siuslaw
R. mouth (2049.. p73)
682
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Scorpaenidae
Sebas todes melanops ( continued)
Parasites: (3233)
Hab: Marine, inter tidal ( 2033 ,p320), common along rocky shores ( 2390)
Misc: Common, considerable commercial value
Sebastodes miniatus (Jordan and Gilbert) (vermilion rockfish) (2049,p74),
(2417),(2390,p257-8)J(2567,pl27)
Sebastichthys miniatus (2417) Obsolete
Dist: Vancouver Is. to Baja Calif. ( 2567 , pi 27 ), ( 2049 , p74)
Coll: Ore: Coastal, Port Orford Reef ( 2049 , p74)
Remarks and Misc: Lives in moderate depths (2417), Slight
commercial value
Sebastodes mystinus (Jordan and Gilbert) (black bass, blue rockfish)
(2390),(5500),(2049,p73),(2033,p320),(2567>pl25),(2417)
Dist: Alaska to San Diego (2049;p73), ( 2567,pi 25)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Seattle and Str. Juan de Fuca;
Ore: coastal, off Coos Bay, Pt. Orford ( 2049 , p73 )
Hab: Marine, intertidal ( 2033 , p320), shallow water ( 2567 , pi 25),
occurs between 40-50 fms. Breeding occurs in November
to January (2390)
Misc: Common, slight commercial value
Sebastodes nebulosus (Ayres) (ye How stripe rockfish, China rockfish,
Chinese rockcod, yellow spotted rockfish) (2049,p76),
(2567,pl34),(2390,p277-8),(2417),(5500)
Sebas tichthys nebulosus Obsolete (2417)
Dist: Hecate Strait to Pt. Conception (2049,p75)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Seattle, Coastal, Neah Bay; Ore:
Coastal (2049,p76) 50"43'N, 127°19' W at 69 fms (2390)
Hab: Marine, moderate depth water in kelp or. around rocky shores
(2567,p!34)
Misc: Not common, no commercial value ( 2049 , p75), ( 2567 , pi 34)
Sebastodes nigrocinctus (Ayres) (tiger rockfish, black-banded rockfish)
(5500), ( 2049, p76),( 239 0,p279-80)
S e ba s ti c h thy s nigrocinctus Obsolete (2417)
Dist: Alaska to Monterey Bay (2049 ,p76),(2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, San Juan Islands, Str. Juan de Fuca,
Neah Bay (2049,p76)
Hab: Found in deeper waters
Remarks: More abundant around Str. Juan de Fuca than in southern
part of range. Breeding habits same as for rest of family.
Misc: Common, commercial value
683
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Scorpaenidae
Sebastodes paucispinis ( Ayres) (bocaccio, grouper) (2049 ,p73), (2033, p320)
(2417), (2567,pi 21)
Sebastichthys paucispinis Obsolete (2417)
Dist: Barkley Sound, B.C. to San Diego ( 2049 , p73), ( 2567 , pi 21)
Coll: Wash: Barkley Sound; Ore: Off Newport and on Heceta Bank,
Yaquina Bay(2049;p73)
Hab: Marine. Intertidal ( 2033 , p320), Occur s below 40 fms. Eats
small fish. Good sport fish (2390)
Misc: Common southward, some commercial value
Sebastodes pinniger (Gill) (orange rockfish, canary rockfish) (2049, p73)
(5500), (2567, pi 26), (2390, p256-7), (2417)
Sebasthichthys pinniger Obsolete (2417)
Dist: Hecate Str. to Lower California (2049 , p74), (2567 , pi 26)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Hoods Canal near Holly, Admirality
Inlet, Coastal, Neah Bay, Flattery Bank, Grays Harbor,
Shoalwater Bay; Ore: Coastal, Cape Falcon, Cape Lookout,
Yaquina Head, Hecata Bank off mouth Siuslaw R. , off
Tahkenitch Cr. , off mouth Umpqua R. , off mouth Coquille R. ,
Port Orford Reef, off Cascade Head, Yaquina Bay (2049,p74)
Parasites: (3233)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Common, slight commercial value
Remarks: Young found in shore waters and adults in deeper waters.
Some larger individuals found up to 100 fms (2390)
Sebastodes proriger (Jordan and Gilbert) (red-striped rockfish) (2049,p74),
(2390,p260-l),(2417)
Sebastichthys proriger Obsolete (2417)
Dist: Puget Sound to Calif. (2049; p74) ,(2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Elliott Bay, Saratoga Passage
(2049,p74)
Hab: Marine
Misc: No commercial value
Sebastodes rosaceus (Girard) (rosy rockfish) (2049, p74),(2567,pi 29),
(2390,p267-8),(2417)
Sebastichthys rosaceus Obsolete (2417)
Dist: Puget Sound to Lower California (2049;p74)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, coastal, Cape Flattery; Ore: (2049,p74)
Remarks: Common in California to 70 fms (2390)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Common, slight commercial value
684
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES Scorpaenidae
Sebastodes ruberrimus Cramer (red rockfish, red rockcod, red snapper,
rasphead rockfish) (2390, p268-9), (5500), (2049,p75), (-2567,
P126), (2417)
Sebastichthys ruber Obsolete (2417)
Dist: Southeastern Alaska to San Diego (2049,p75), (2567,pl26), (2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Seattle, Str. of Juan de Fuca,
Hoods Canal near Holly, Coastal, Neah Bay, Cape
Flattery, Cape Johnson, Willapa Bank, Bank off Grays
Harbor, Shoalwater Bay, (Willapa); Ore: Coastal, off
Tillamook Head, off Cape Mears, off Yaquina Head, off
Cape Perpetua, off Heceta Bank, off mouth of Siuslaw R. ,
and Port Orford Reef, Pt. Orford (2049 , p75)
Hab: Marine, common along coast from 30-150 fms (2390), more
abundant in northern part of range.
Misc: Common, considerable commercial value (2049,p75)
Sebastodes rubrivinctus (Jordan and Gilbert) (Spanish flag, flag rockfish)
(2049,p75), (2567,P127), (2390,p270-1), (5514), (2417)
Sebastichthys rubrivinctus Obsolete (2417)
Dist: B. C. to Calif. ( 2049 , p75) ( 239 0)
Coll: No records for Washington and Oregon (2049, p75)
Hab: Marine, apparently deep water species, occurring below
100 fms (5514)
Remarks and Misc: No commercial value; spawns in spring (3411)
Sebastodes rupestris ( Gilbert) (2049 , p74)
Dist: Southeastern Alaska to Lower Calif. (2049,p74)
Coll: No records from Washington or Oregon (2049 , p74)
Hab: Marine
Misc: No commercial value
Sebastodes saxicola (Gilbert) (stripetail rockfish, olive-backed rockfish)
(~2T90,p264-6), (2049;p74)
Dist: Southeastern Alaska to San Diego, Calif. (2049 , p74) (239 0)
Coll: B. C. : Barkley Sound, Nootka Sound, Portier Pass (2390);
Ore: Coastal ( 2049 , p74)
Hab: Marine
Misc: No commercial value
Remarks: In depths from 25-391 fms (2390)
685
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES Scorpaenidae
Sebastodes wilsoni Gilbert (Pygmy rockfish) ( 2390, p263 -4), (2049 , p74)
Dist: Swiftsure Shoal, B.C. to Calif ( 2049 , p74)
Coll: B. C. : Swiftsure Shoal at 23 fms, Esteban Pt. , and Sydney Inlet
at 61 and 30 fms (2390)
Hab: Marine
Misc: No commercial value
Remarks: Offshore species (2390)
Sebastodes zacentrus (Gilbert) ( sharpchin rockfish) (2390,p271 -2), (2049 ,p75),
(5500)
Dist: Puget Sound to San Diego, California (2049 , p75), (2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, San Juan Islands; Ore: Coastal,
Coos Bay (2049,p75)
Hab: Marine
Misc: No commercial value
Sebastolobus altivelis Gilbert (spiny-headed rockfish, lobe-finned rockfish)
(2049, p?3),(2341)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to San Diego, California (2049,p73)
Coll: Wash: Coastal, Albatross Station 2871, 559 fms (2049, p73);
Ore: (2341)
Hab: Marine, in deep •water
Misc: Not common, no commercial value
Family: Anoplopomatidae - -Sablefishes
Anoplopoma fimbria (Pallas) (skil fish, coalfish, black cod, sablefish,
mackerel) ( 2049 ; p76),( 2341). (2567 , pi 38),( 2571, p46-48),
(2390,p239-40),(5648)
Dist: Alaska to southern California (2049;p76)
Coll: Wash: Coastal, Saratoga Passage, Puget Sound--off docks, Seattle,
San Juan Islands, Str. Juan de Fuca (2049,p76), Cape
Flattery, Flattery Bank to Grays Harbor, Cape
Johnson, near Destruction Is. , in 859 fms, Willapa Bank,
off Shoalwater (2049,p76); Ore: Coastal, off Nestucca
Bay, off Cascade Head, off Cape Perpetua, off Siuslaw
R. , Heceta Bank and Port Orford Reef (2049,p76);
Calif: Cape Colnett ( 2567 , pi 38), ( 2571 , p46-8)
Hab: Marine. Deep water in the winter, moving into shallower water
in spring and summer as season progresses (2567,pl38)
686
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Anoplopomatidae
Anoplopoma fimbria (continued)
Misc: Food: Eats crustaceans, worms and small fishes (2390)
Life cycle: Spawns in early spring. Eggs are pelagic (2390).
Spawns between 200-400 fms later moves to 100-175 fms
(5648). Adults demersal. Found mainly over clay or
hard mud bottom. Annual fluctuations of catch due to
demand rather than population changes. Tagging reveals
separate, non-in terming ling populations on Pacific
Coast. There has been a decline in population off Ore.
and Wash, none in Calif. (5648)
Erilejris zonifer (Lockington) - (giant sea bass, priest-fish, skil fish)
(2049,p76),(2390,p241-2)
Dist: Alaska to Monterey, Calif. (2049;p76)
Coll: Queen Charlotte Islands (2390),Puget Sound region (2049, p76)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Not common, no commercial value
Family:
Hexagrammidae - Greenlings
Chiropsis decagrammus (Pallas) (2049,p76)
see Hexagrammos decagrammus (rock trout) (2049 , p76)
Hexagrammos decagrammus (Pallas) (2033,p320), (kelp greenling, greenling
sea trout) (2341),(2418),(2390,p242-3),(2567,p!42)
Chiropsis decagrammus (Pallas) (2049,p76)
Dist: Kodiak Is. to Southern California. Rare in south, common in
B. C. (2390)
Coll: B.C.: Nootka Sound, Wash: Puget Sound region, Seattle, San Juan
Islands, Sucia Is. , Pt. Angeles, Coastal, Neah Bay,
Cape Johnson, La Push, Cape Elizabeth near Taholah, Pt.
Grenville near Moclips; Ore: Columbia R. mouth, Astoria,
Coastal, Cape Falcon, Three Arch Rocks near Oceanside,
Cape Foulweather, Yaquina Head, Yaquina Bay, Ecola
Rks, Cape Arago (2049,p76),(2341)
Hab: Marine (2049 , p76), Intertidal (2033,p320), Found along rocky
shores; reefs, and around kelp beds. Small specimens found
in surface plankton in high seas of Gulf of Alaska.
Biol: Spawn in October and November. Eats worms, crustaceans and
small fishes. Eaten by steelhead and salmon (2390)
Misc: Desirable sport fish (2567 ,p!42),(2049 ,p?6),(2033,p320), Common
slight commercial value (2049,p76)
687
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES Hexagrammida
Hexagrammos steller! Tilesius (2049 Sp77), (2390,p244-45),(2418)
Dist: Kamchatka to San Francisco (2049 ;p77), ( 2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Seattle, Hoods Canal near Holly,
Pt. Ludlow, Pt. Angeles, San Juan Islands, Sucia
Island; Ore: Columbia River , Coastal (2049 , p77)
Hab: Marine, along rocky shores but also in shallow water over
sandy beaches
Remarks: Eats worms and crustaceans and small fishes (2390)
Misc: Common, slight commercial value
Hexagrammo_s superciliosus (Pallas) (Rock greenling) ( 2390, p245-6), (2033,p320)
Lebius superciliosus (Pallas) (Red greenling) ( 2049 , p77), Obsolete
Dist: Berring Sea to southern Calif (2390) (2049,p77)
Coll: B.C.: Rose Harbor, Departure Bay, Port Simpson and west
Vancouver Island (2390); Wash: Puget Sound region, Pt.
Townsend, San Juan Islands, New Orcas Islands, Coastal,
Cape Flattery, Cape Johnson, La Push, Cape Elizabeth
near Taholah, Pt. Grenville near Moclips; Ore: Coastal,
Ecola Rks, Cape Falcon, Three ArchRks, near Oceanside,
Cape Foulweather, Yaquina Head, Cape Arago (2049,p77)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p320), Marine
Misc: Common, slight commercial value (2049,p77)
Lebius superciliosus (Pallas) - (Red greenling) (2049,p77)
see Hexagrammos superciliosus (Pallas)
Ophiodon elongatus Girard - (ling cod, cultus cod) (2049 , p77), (2567 , p!39),
(2418), (5647), (2390,p248-9), (3804, P97-98)
Dist: Alaska to Baja Calif. (2567, pi 39), (2049 ,p77)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Seattle and Str. Juan de Fuca, Pt.
Ludlow, San Juan Islands, Pt. Angeles, Coastal, Neah Bay,
Cape Flattery, Cape Johnson, La Push, Columbia River
mouth, Chinook; Ore: Coastal, off Cape Meares, Heceta
Bank, off mouth Coquille'R. , and Port Orford Reef, Coos
Bay, Cape Arago (2049,p77)
Remarks: Hab: Marine, near bottom of intertidal zone to 60 fms.
Rests on bottom. Biol: Spawns from late December to
February or March. Deposits eggs in sheltered rocky
location. Eggs hatch in about 6 weeks, protected by male.
Eats herring, flounders, hake, cod, whiting, sand lances,
young ling cod, some crustaceans and squid. Young eat
shrimp, adults eat almost anything alive. (2390), (5647)
Misc: Common, considerable commercial value, see also Vol. I,
Chap. 20
See also Chapter 20
p. 283
688
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Hexagrammidae
Oxylebius pictus Gill (convict fish, painted greenling) (2049,p77),
(2390,p246-7),(2033,p320),(24l6)
Dist: B.C. and Puget Sound to Lower Calif. (2416),(2049 , p77), (2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Vancouver Isl. , Seattle, Hoods
Canal near Holly, San Juan Islands, Str. Juan de Fuca;
Ore: Coastal, Tillamook Bay (2049 , p77), (241 6)
Hab: Marine, Intertidal ( 2033 , p320)
Misc: Common, no commercial value
Remarks: Lives along rocky shores among sea weed (2390)
Used for bait (2416)
Family: Zaniolepidae --Combfishes
Zaniolepis latipinnis Girard (long-spined greenling, broad-finned greenling,
long spine combfish) ( 2049 , p77),( 2390, p247-8), (5500),
(2416)
Dist: North Pacific southward to San Diego, California (2049,p77)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Ft. Steilacoom, Seattle (2049 , p77)
Hab: Marine
Remarks: Found at moderate depths to 62 fms. Feeds partly on
crustaceans. (2390)
Misc: Common, no commercial value (2049, p77)
Family: Cottidae--Sculpins
Artedius corallinus (Hubbs) - (Coralline sculpin) ( 2033 , p3 21),( 5500)
Dist: Central Calif. (2033,p321)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p321)
Artedius creaseri (Hubbs) - (roughcheek sculpin) (2033,p320), (5500)
Dist: Central Calif. (2033,p320)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p320)
Artedius fenestralis (Jordan and Gilbert, 1882) -(padded sculpin) (2049,p78)
(2033,p321),(2390,p298-9),(5500)
Astrolytes fenestralis (Jordan and Gilbert, 1882)
Dist: Unalaska to San Francisco Bay (2049;p78)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound, Seattle, Meadowdale, Hoods Canal near
Holly, Pt. Ludlow. Admiralty Head, Whidby Isl. , San
Juan Islands, Pt. Angeles (2049 , p78), Coastal, La Push,
689
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Cottidae
Artedius fenestralis (continued)
Cape Elizabeth near Taholah, Pt. Grenville near
Moclips (2049 ,p78); Ore: Coastal, Ecola Rocks, Cape
Falcon, Three Arch Rks. near Oceanside (2049,p78),
Calif: Central (2033,p321)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Common nothward, rare south-ward, no commercial value
Remarks: Inhabits water to 30 fms. Spawning occurs from January
to March. Food--shrimp and small fish
Artedius harringtoni Starks - (scalyhead sculpin) ( 2033 , p3 20), (2390 , p29 6-7),
(5500)
Dist: B.C. to southern Calif. (2390)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p320), occurs at moderate depths (2390)
Artedius lateralis (Girard) - (smoothhead sculpin) (2049 ; pi 27), (2390, p299-300),
(5500)
Dist: B.C. to Pt. Conception ( 2049 , pi 27)
Coll: Wash; Puget Sound, Seattle, Hoods Canal near Holly, San
Juan Islands ( 2049 , pi 27), Coastal, Neah Bay and Cape
Flattery, Cape Johnson, La Push, Cape Elizabeth
near Taholah, Pt. Grenville, near Moclips, (2049,p!27);
Ore: Coastal, Ecola Rocks, Cape Falcon, Cape Foul-
weather, Yaquina Head, Cape Arago (2049, p!27)
Hab: Marine, found in tidepools and shallow -water.
Misc: Common, no commercial value
Remarks: Spawn in February. Lay eggs in protected areas of rock.
Hatch in 16 days (2390)
Ascelichthys rhodorus Jordan and Gilbert - (Rosylip sculpin) (2049, p!32),
(2390,p310-ll),(5500)
Dist: Alaska (Sitka) to Fort Bragg, California ( 2049 , pi 32), (2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound, Deception Pass, Friday Harbor, San
Juan Islands (2049, pi 32), Coastal, Neah Bay, Cape
Flattery, Cape Johnson, La Push, Reef opposite Quillayute
Needles, Cape Elizabeth near Taholah (2049, pi 3 2);
Ore: Coastal, Cape Foul-weather, Yaquina Head, Ecola
Rocks, Cape Arago (2049, pi 32)
Hab: Marine, common in tide pools
Misc: No commercial value
Remarks: Tidepool fish. Found under rocks at low tide (2390)
690
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Cottidae
Aspicottus bison Girard
See Enophrys bison (Girard)
Axyrias harringtoni Starks -( sculpin) ( 2049 , p78)
Dist: Puget Sound to Monterey Bay, California (2049,p78)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound, Seattle, Hoods Canal near Holly. Pt.
Ludlow, San Juan Islands (2049,p78), Cape Johnson,
La Push (2049,p78); Ore: Coastal, Ecola Rocks, Cape
Falcon, Cape Foulweather, Yaquina Head, Cape Arago
(2049;p78)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Common, no commercial value
Blennicotus globiceps (Girard) (2039, p304)
see Clinocottus globiceps (Girard)
Blepsias cirrhosus (Pallas) - (silver spotted sculpin, silver spot)
(2049,pl28),(2390,p315-l6),(5500)
Dist: Alaska to San Francisco (2049, pi 28)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound, Seattle, Pt. Ludlow, San Juan Islands, New
Orcas Islands, Pt. Angeles, Str. of Juan de Fuca
(2049, pi 28), Cape Johnson; Ore: Coastal, Cape Arago
(2049,p!28)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Common, no commercial value (2049, p!28)
Remarks: Spawns in summer. A shallow water fish, usually found
around eelgrass (2390)
Chitonotus pugetensis (Steindachner) - (rough-backed sculpin) (2049,p78),
(2390,p286-7)
Dist: Puget Sound to San Diego, California ( 2049 , p78),( 2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound, Ft. Steilacoom, Pt. Townsend, Elliott
Bay, Seattle, Pt. Ludlow, Possession Sound, Saratoga
Passage, San Juan Islands, Str. Juan de Fuca (2049,p78)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Common, no commercial value
Remarks: Common in waters of moderate depths, not much beyond
40 fms. Eats shrimp and other crustaceans (2390)
691
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Cottidae
Clinocottus acuticeps Gilbert (Sharpnose sculpin) ( 2390 , p306-7), (5500),
Oxycottus acuticeps (Gilbert) (2049, pi 31)
Dist: Aleutian Islands south to Sausalito, Marin Co. , Calif. (2049,
pl31),(2390,p306)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound, Seattle, Meadowdale, Hoods Canal near
Holly, mouth Sikiu R. , Clallam Co. , San Juan Islands
(2049, pi 31), Coastal, Cape Flattery, Cape Johnson, La
Push, Reef opposite Quillayute Needles, Cape Elizabeth
near Taholah, Pt. Grenville near Moclips (2049,pl31);
Ore: Coastal, Cape Falcon, Three Arch Rks. near
Oceanside, Cape Foulweather, Yaquina Head, Yaquina
Bay, Ecola Rocks, Cape Arago (2049,pl31)
Remarks: Found along coast in tidepools and on sandy beaches (2390)
Clinocottus analis (Girard) (Wooly sculpin) (2033 , p321),( 5500),( 2878)
Dist: Central Calif, to Baja Calif. ( 2033 , p321),( 2878)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p321)
Remarks: Only sculpin to invade subtropical waters (2878)
Clinocottus embryum (Jordan and Starks) (2033,p321), ( 2390, p305-6), ( 5500)
Allocottus embryum (Jordan and Starks) (2049 , p!31)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to Point Lobos, Calif. , rare south-ward. (2049,
p!31),(2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound--rocks north of Manchester, Pt. Ludlow,
Friday Harbor, San Juan Islands ( 2049 , pi 31), Coastal,
Neah Bay, Cape Johnson, Cape Elizabeth near Taholah
(2049,p!31); Ore: Coastal, Three Arch Rks. at Oceanside;
Yaquina Head, Ecola Rocks, Cape Arago (2049 , pi 31);
Calif: Central (2033,p321)
Hab: Marine, intertidal ( 2033 , p321), not uncommon in rocky littoral
areas (2390)
Misc: Not common, no commercial value
Clinocottus globiceps (Girard) (mosshead sculpin, round-headed sculpin)
(2049,pl32),(2039,p304),(2033,p321),(2687),(5500),(2390,
p304-5),(2878)
Blennicotus globiceps (Girard) (2039,p304)
Dist: Alaska to southern Calif. ( 2390), (2049 , p!32)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound, San Juan Islands, Str. of Juan de Fuca,
(2049,p!32), Coastal, Neah Bay, Cape Flattery, Cape
Johnson, La Push, Reef opposite Quillayute Needles, Cape
Elizabeth near Taholah, Pt. Grenville near Moclips (2049,P
132); Ore: Coastal, Cape Foulweather, Yaquina Bay,
692
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES Cottidae
Clinocottus^ globiceps ( continued)
Yaquina Head, Ecola Rocks, Cape Arago (2049,p!32);
Calif: Central (2033, p321)
Hab: Intertidal to mid-intertidal ( 2033 , p321), (2878), common in
rocky tidepools (2049, pi 3 2)
Remarks: Found to be tolerant of salinities up to 75%o at 12°C and
a drop in salinity tolerance at 15°C. Decreased salinity
tolerance continued to 26 °C - maximum survival temp.
for C. globiceps. Salinity tolerance at 26 °C was 44%o.
Q10 = 3. 6 (2878)
Misc: Marine, no commercial value (2049, pi 32)
Clinocottus recalvus (Greeley) - (Bald sculpin) ( 2033 , p321),( 5500),( 2878)
Dist: Central Calif, to Baja Calif. ( 2878),( 2033 , p321)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p321), found from 38 °N south to Baja Calif.
in mid-intertidal zone (2878)
Remarks: Qj 0 of 2. 9 ( 2878)
Dasycottus setiger Bean (Spinyhead sculpin, wooly sculpin) (2049, p!32),
(2390,p311-12), (5500)
Dist: Bering Sea to Puget Sound (2049,p!32), (2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound, off Tulalip, San Juan Islands ( 2049 , pi 32),
490H'N, 123°54'W at 54 fms (2390)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Not rare, no commercial value
Dialarchus snyderi Greeley - (Cirrated sculpin) (2049,pl31)
See Oligocottus snyderi
Enophrys bison (Girard) (buffalo sculpin) (2390, p308-9), (5500)
Aspicottus bison Girard (buffalo sculpin) (2049, pi 28)
Dist: Alaska to Point Conception, Calif. (2049;pl28)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound, Seattle, Meadowdale, Hoods Canal
near Holly, Pt. Ludlow, Admiralty Head, Port Townsend,
San Juan Islands, Pt. Angeles (2049 , pi 28), Cape
Elizabeth near Taholah, Pt. Grenville near Moclips ,
Grays Harbor (2049, pi 28); Ore: Cape Falcon, Three
Arch Rks. near Oceanside, Cape Foulweather, Yaquina
Head, Yaquina Bay, Coos Bay, Cape Arago (2049, pi 28)
Hab: Marine, found in shallow water
Remarks: Food: Eats shrimps, crabs, amphipods, mussels and
small fishes such as herring, young salmon, seaperches,
and sandlances and also sea lettuce Ulva ; Spawns
693
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES Cottidae
Enophrys bison (continued)
in February and March; (some value as a sport fish
for youngsters ) (2390)
Misc: Abundant, no commercial value
Gilbertidea siga lutes (Jordan and Starks) - (soft sculpin) (2049, pi 3 2),
(2390,P313-14),(5500)
Dist: Puget Sound
Coll: Puget Sound: off Everett, Hoods Canal, San Juan Islands.
(2049,p!32)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Common, no commercial value (2049,pl32)
Hemilepidotus hemilipidotus (Tilesius) - (Red Irish Lord) (2049, pi 27),
(2033,P320),(2390,p284-5)
Dist: Alaska to Monterey Bay, Calif. (2049,p!27)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound, Seattle, San Juan Islands, Pt. Angeles
(2049, pi 2), Neah Bay, Cape Johnson, La Push, Cape
Elizabeth near Taholah, Pt. Grenville near Moclips;
(2049,p!2); Ore: Coastal, Ecola Rocks, Cape Falcon,
Three Arch Rocks near Oceanside, Cape Foulweather,
Yaquina Head, Coos Bay, Cape Arago (2049, pi 2)
Hab: Marine, Intertidal
Remarks: Spawns in March, sometimes laying eggs above low tide
marks. Food: Eats crabs, barnacles and mussels
(2390)
Misc: Common, no commercial value
Hemilepidotus spinosus (Ayres) - (Brown Irish Lord) (2033,p320),
(5500), (2341),(2390,p283-4)
Calycilepidotus spinosus (obsolete name) - (2049,p!28)
Dist: British Columbia to California (2390)
Coll: Wash: Coastal, Cape Johnson ( 2049 , pi 28); Ore: Coastal,
Columbia River mouth, Ecola Rocks, Cape Falcon,
Cape Foulweather, Yaquina Head, Cape Arago (2049,p!28),
(2341)
Hab: Marine ( 2049 , pi 28), intertidal (2033, p320)
Remarks: Caught in rather deep waters. Feeds on crustaceans (2390).
Common, no commercial value (2049,pi 28)
694
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES Cottidae
Icelinus borealis Gilbert - (sculpin, comb-sculpin) (2390), (northern
sculpin) (5500),(2049,p78),(2390,p287-8)
Dist: Alaska to Washington ( 2049 , p78),( 2390)
Coll: Wash: Coastal, Seattle Admiralty Inlet, Albatross Stations
3597, 4205, 4209, 4212, 4213, 4217, and 4218, Hoods
Canal near Holly, San Juan Islands, Str. Juan de Fuca,
(2049, p78), 48°25'N, 124"10'W at 53 fms.
Remarks: Found in depths 10-60 fms. Eats mainly shrimp (2390).
Common, no commercial value ( 2049 ,p78), (2390)
Icelinus burchami Evermann and Goldsborough (sculpin) (2049,p78)
Dist: Alaska to California (2049, p78)
Coll: Wash: Hoods Canal near Holly ( 2049 , p78)
Hab: Marine (2049, p78)
Remarks: Rare. No commercial value (2049;p78)
Icelinus filamentosus Gilbert (threadfin sculpin) (5500), (filamented
sculpin) ( 239 0,p39 0-91)
Dist: British Columbia to California (2390)
Coll: 49°20'N, 1 23 °43'W at 23 fms ( 2390)
Remarks: Food consists of crustaceans including shrimp and
isopods (2390)
Icelinus tenuis Gilbert (spotfin sculpin) (5500) (lesser filamented sculpin)
(2390,p289-90)
Dist: Queen Charlotte Islands to California (2390)
Coll: 49°20'N, 1 23 "43'W at 23 fms (2390)
Hab: Found in depths of 20-70 fms in B. C. ; found from 18-204
fms in Calif.
Remarks: Eats some shrimp (2390)
Jordania zonope Starks - (sculpin) ( 2049 , p77), (longfin sculpin) (2390 , p285-6),
(5500),(2033,p320),
Dist: Washington to California (2049 , p77)
Coll: Wash: Pt. Orchard, San Juan Islands (2049 , p77)
Hab: Intertidal (2033 , p320)
Remarks: Not common, no commercial value (2049,p77)
Leptocottus armatus Girard - (staghorn sculpin) (2033 , p321 ),( 2567 , p!40),
(2687),(2390,P309-10), (5500), (2878)
Dist: Alaska to Baja California (2567, p!40)
Coll: 60°N to 30°30'N (2687); Calif: Central coastal (2033 , p321)
695
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Cottidae
Leptocottus armatus (continued)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p321), close to shores and in bays, enters
brackish and fresh water at stream mouths (2567, p!40).
Found over mud flats (2878). Dredged 5-15 fms off
central Oregon (3412)
Remarks: Life Cycle: Spawns in February. Food: Eats a variety
of invertebrates. Eaten by water fowl, especially
ducks (2390). Temp. & Sal. : Found to be able to stand
salinities up to 67. 5%o at 12 °C. Tolerance failed
gradually up to 25 °C, than a rapid drop in salinity
tolerance to 37. 5%o. Could stand full strength sea water
up to 29. 5°C (2687). No commercial value (2687),
food and feeding in Humboldt Bay (3374)
Leptocottus arma tus armatus Girard - (bullhead) (2049, pi 30)
Dist: Kodiak Island to Carmel River, California (2049, pi 31)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Seattle, Meadowdale, Pt. Ludlow,
Hood's Canal near Holly, Saratoga Passage, Pt.
Angeles, Sikiu R. mouth, Clallam Co. , San Juan
Islands, Orcas Island, Cape Flattery, Quillayute R.
mouth, Quinault R. mouth, Grays Harbor, Shoalwater
Bay (Willapa), Columbia River mouth; Ore: Cannon
Bea'ch, Tillamook Bay, Three Arch Rks. near Oceanside,
Nestucca Bay, Yaquina Head, Yaquina Bay, Siuslaw R.
mouth, Coos Bay. (2049,pl31)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Common, no commercial value
Malacocottus kincaidi Gilbert and Thompson - (Black fin sculpin)
(2049,pl30),(2390,p312-13),(5500)
Dist: Burrard Inlet to Puget Sound ( 2049 , pi 30),( 2390)
Coll: Puget Sou nd: Hoods Canal ( 2049 , pi 30); 49 °19'N, 123°47'W
at 157 fms (2390)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Not rare, no commercial value
Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus (Pallas) (great sculpin) (2049,pl30),
(2390,p307-8),(5500)
Dist: Bering Sea to Puget Sound ( 2049 , p!30),( 2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound, Seattle, Meadowdale, Marrowstone Pt. ,
Admiralty Head, Pt. Angeles, San Juan Islands , Str.
Juan de Fuca (2049, pi 30), Coastal, Cape Flattery (2049,
P130)
696
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Cottidae
Mvoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus (continued)
Hab: Marine. Common along coasts in moderate depths. Eats
partly small fishes such as sculpins and blennies
(2390)
Misc: Common, no commercial value
Nautichthys oculofasciatus (Girard) (sailor fish, sailfin sculpin)
(2049,pl28),(2390,p318-19),(5500)
Dist: Alaska to Monterey, ( 2049 , pi 28), (2390)
Coll: Puget Sound: Ft. Steilacoom, Seattle, Hoods Canal near
Holly, Pt. Ludlow, Saratoga Passage, Admiralty Inlet,
Oak Bay, Pt. Townsend, San Juan Islands, Str. Juan
de Fuca (2049,pi 28)
Hab: Marine
Remarks: Found in shore waters and to depths of 60 fms. Eats
some crustaceans (2390)
Misc: Common, no commercial value
Oligocottus maculosus Girard (tidepool sculpin, tide pool Johnny)
(2049, pi 31), (2033), (2878), (2687), (2390), (5500)
Dist: Okhotsk Sea and southern Alaska south to near Tunitas,
San Mateo Co. , California (2049, p!31) 60°N -
37°30'N (2687)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound, Fort Steilacoom, Fox Inlet, Seattle,
Meadowdale, Hoods Canal near Holly, Pt. Angeles, Friday
Harbor, San Juan Islands, Mouth of Siskiu R. , Clallam
Co. , Neah Bay, Cape Flattery, Cape Johnson, La Push,
Pt. Grenville near Moclips; Ore: Coastal, Cape Falcon,
Three Arch Rks. near Oceanside, Cape Foulweather,
Yaquina Head, Yaquina Bay, Ecola Rocks, Coos Bay,
Cape Arago (2049,p!31)
Hab: Marine , intertidal ( 2033 , p321), high intertidal ( 2878). Very
abundant in shallow -waters, especially tide pools (2390).
Misc: Common, no commercial value. Tolerant of 75%o salinity at
12°C, salinity tolerance dropped rapidly at 15°C.
Species can survive at 26. 5°C when salinity dropped to
21. 5%o (2687) Q1Q = 2. 1 (2878).
Oligocottus rimensis (Greeley) - (saddle back sculpin) ( 2033 , p321),(2390,
p300-301),(5500)
Dist: Vancouver Island to northern and central Calif. (2390),
(2033,P321)
Hab: Intertidal (2033, p321), found in tidepools (2390)
697
-------
CHORDATA FISHES - Cottidae
Oligocottus rubellio (Greeley) (2033,p321)
Dist: Central Calif. (2033,p321)
Hab: Inter tidal ( 2033 , p321)
Oligocottus snyderi Greeley - ( Fluffly sculpin) ( 2033 , p321), (239 0, p302-3),
(5500),(2878)
Dialarchus snyderi Greeley - (cir rated sculpin) (2049, pi 31)
Dist: Queen Charlotte Islands, Ucluelet, B.C. , to Point Loma,
San Diego Co. , California (2049, pi 31), (2390)
Coll: Wash: Cape Johnson, La Push, Reef on shore opposite
Quillayute Needles, Cape Elizabeth near Taholah, Pt.
Grenville near Moclips (2049,pl31); Ore: Cape Falcon,
Three Arch Rks. near Oceanside, Cape Foulweather,
Yaquina Head, Ecola Rocks, Cape Arago (2049 , p!31);
Calif: Central(2033,p321)
Hab: Marine, intertidal ( 2033 , p321), tidepools ( 239 0)
Misc: Common, no commercial value
Qrthonopias triacis Starks and Mann (snub nose sculpin) (2033,p321)
Dist: Central California (2033, p321)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p321)
Parastrolytes notospilotus (Girard) - (sculpin) (2049 ,p78)
Dist: Straits of Juan de Fuca southward to southern California
(2049,p78)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Pt. Townsend (2049 ,p78)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Rare north-ward. No commercial value
Paricelinus hopliticus Eigenmann and Eigenmann (sculpin) (2049,p78)
Dist: Off Oregon to Cortez Banks (2049,p78)
Prionistius macellus Bean
see Triglops macellus
Psychrolutes paradoxus Gunther - (tadpole sculpin) (2049 , p!32), ( 2390 , p314-l 5),
(5500)
Dist: Kodiak Island to Puget Sound. (2049, pi 3 2)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Pt. Ludlow, Pt. Townsend, Pt.
Angeles and Str. Juan de Fuca, Friday Harbor, San Juan
Islands, 48°25'N, 125°10'W at 53 fms (2049;pl32)
Hab: Marine, in water of moderate depths to 120 fms (2390)
Misc: Common, no comme rcial value
698
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES Cottidae
Radulinus asprellus Gilbert (slim sculpin) (2390),( 5500), (2049, pi 27),
(2390,p291-2)
Dist: Burrard Inlet B. C. to Farallon Islands , California (2049 , pi 27)
Coll: Wash: Coastal, Puget Sou nd region, Seattle, Admiralty Inlet,
Hoods Canal, Port Susan, Saratoga Passage, San Juan
Islands; Ore: Coastal ( 2049 , pi 27 )
Hab: Marine
Misc: No commercial value
Radulinus boleoides Gilbert ( 2049 . pi 27)
Dist: Puget Sound to Santa Catalina Island (2049, pi 27)
Coll: Puget Sound: San Juan Islands
Hab: Marine
Misc: No commercial value
R ha mpho coitus richardsoni Gunther - (northern sea horse, gruntfish,
grunt sculpin) (2049 , pi 32), (2390,p319-20), (5500)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska, Puget Sound to Monterey, Calif. (2049,p!32)
Coll: Puget Sound region, Pt. Ludlow, Admiralty Inlet, Hoods
Canal, San Juan Islands, Str. Juan de Fuca (2049, pi 32)
Hab: Marine. Found in tidepools and shallow waters, but has also
been taken on sandy beaches and up to 90 fms.
Remarks: Eats some small crustaceans (2390)
Misc: Common in Puget Sound. No commercial value
Ruscarius meanyi Jordan and Starks - (Puget Sound sculpin) (2049, pi 27)
Dist: Puget Sound (2049 , pi 27)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound: Port Orchard (2049 , pi 27)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Common, no commercial value
Rusciculus rimensis Greeley (2049, p!31)
Dist: B.C. to Monterey Co. , Calif. (2049;pl31)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound, Admiralty Head, San Juan Islands (2049 ,
p!31), Coastal, Cape Johnson ( 2049 , pi 31); Ore:
Coastal, Cape Arago (2049,p!31)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Not common, no commercial value
Scorpaenichthys marmoratus (Ayres) (blue cod, marbled sculpin, bull
cod, cabezon) (2049,p!28),(2033,p320),(2341),(2567,p!41
(2390,p282-3)
Dist: Washington to San Diego ( 2049 , pi 28), ( 2567 , p!41)
699
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Cottidae
Scorpaenichthys marmoratus (continued)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Seattle, Meadowdale, Hoods
Canal near Holly, San Juan Islands, Coastal, Cape
Johnson, La Push, Cape Elizabeth near Taholah, Pt.
Grenville near Moclips, Grays Harbor; Ore: Coastal,
Columbia River mouth, Astoria, Ecola Rocks, Cape
Falcon, Tillamook Bay, Three Arch Rks,near Oceanside,
Cape Foulweather, Yaquina Head, Yaquina Bay, Cape
Arago (2049,pi 28)
Hab: Marine, intertidal (2033,p320). Shallow inshore water over
a hard bottom depth 30-40 fms. Found on rocky, muddy
and sandy bottoms and in kelp beds.
Food: Adults eat mainly crabs (2567,pl41), eats crustaceans,
mainly crabs and shrimps, also fishes and fish eggs. (2390)
Misc: Spawning in January to March. Common, slight commercial
value
Synchiris gilli Bean (Manacled sculpin) ( 2049 , pi 3 2),( 2033 , p321), (2390,
p322-3),(5500),(2408)
Dist: Vancouver Island and Puget Sound (2049, pi 32)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Pt. Townsend, Friday Harbor,
False Bay, San Juan Islands (2049, pi 32)
Hab: Marine, intertidal ( 2033 , p321), Found in shallow waters of
tidepools and bays and also around wharf piles and
rocks (2390)
Misc: Rare, no commercial value
Tarandichthys filamentosus (Gilbert) - (long-rayed sculpin) (2049,p78)
Dist: Alaska to Santa Barbara Islands (2049,p78)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, off Everett, Saratoga Passage,
Hoods Canal near Holly. (2049,p78)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Not rare, no commercial value
Tarandichthys tenuis (Gilbert) (2049,p78)
Dist: Alaska to southern California (2049,p78 )
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Possession Sound, Hoods Canal
near Holly, Saratoga Passage (2049,p78)
Triglops beani Gilbert
see Triglops pingeli (Reinhardt)
700
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Cottidae
Triglops macellus Bean (roughspine sculpin) ( 2390 , pZ94), (5500)
Prionistius macellus Bean (2049 , pi 27 ), (2390 , p294)
Dist: Bering Sea to Wash. ( 2390), (2049 , pi 27)
Coll: B.C.: (2049,pl27), Wash: Puget Sound, Possession Sound,
Saratoga Passage, San Juan Isl. , Lopez Isl. (2049,pl27]
Hab: Marine
Misc: No commercial value (2049, pi 27)
Triglops pingeli Reinhardt (ribbed sculpin) (5500)
Triglops beani Gilbert (2049, pi 27)
Dist: Alaska to Puget Sound (204-9, pi 27)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region: Admiralty Inlet, Whatcom Co.,
San Juan Isl. , Str. Jran de Fuca (2049,p!27)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Common, no commercial value
Zesticelus profundorum (Gilbert) (2049, pi 3 2)
Dist: Bering Sea, Alaska and in great depth off California. This
species has not been recorded from Washington and
Oregon. (2049,p!32)
Hab: Marine
Misc: No commercial value
Family: Agonidae --Poacher s an d alligatorfish
Agonopsis emmelane (Jordan and Starks) - (windowtail poacher, northern
spearnose poacher) ( 2341), (2390 , p326 -7 ), (5500)
Aver run cus emmelane Jordan and Starks (window-tail sea poacher)
(2049,p!33)
Dist: Southeastern Alaska to California ( 2390),( 2049 , pi 33)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Seattle, off Everett, Pt. Ludlow,
Hoods Canal, Whatcom Co. , San Jxian Islands, Str.
Juan de Fuca (2049, p!33); Ore: (2341)
Hab: Marine:
Misc: Common, no commercial value
Remarks: Often taken in shrimp trawls from muddy bottoms (2390)
Agonus acipenserinus Tilesius (sturgeon poacher) ( 2390,p336-7), (5500)
Podothecus acipenserinus (Tilesius) - (common alligatorfish, sturgeon
sea poacher)(2049,p!33)
Dist: Alaska to Puget Sound (2049,pl33)
701
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Agonidae
Agorms acipenserinus (continued)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Ft. Steilacoom and Pt. Townsend,
Sirneahmoo, Seattle, Saratoga Passage, Pt. Ludlow,
Whatcom Co. , Pt. Angeles, San Juan Islands, New
Or cades, Gulf of Georgia, Str. Juan de Fuca, Cape
Flattery (2049, pi 33)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Common, no commercial value
Remarks: Eats some crustaceans and marine worms (2390)
Anoplagonus inermis (Gunther) - (smooth alligator fish, smooth sea
poacher) (2049 , pi 34), (2390, p33 5), (5500)
Dist: Alaska to Columbia River ( 2049 , pi 34), (239 0)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Pt. Ludlow, Hoods Canal, Whatcom
Co. , San Juan Islands, Str. Juan de Fuca, Columbia
River (2049spl34)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Common, no commercial value (2049, p!34)
Asterotheca alascana (Gilbert) - (gray star-snout) ( 2049 , pi 34), ( 2390, p329-30),
(5500)
Dist: Alaska to Puget Sound (2049 , pi 34), (2390)
Coll: Puget Sound region: San Juan Islands, Str. Juan de Fuca
(2049,p!34), 48°16'N,123D45'W at 100 fms (2390)
Hab: Marine
Misc: No commercial value
Asterotheca infraspinata (Gilbert) - ( spinycheek starsnout, sea poacher)
(2049,pl34),(2390,p330-l),(5500)
Dist: Bering Sea to Washington (2049,pi 34),(2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, San Juan Islands, Coastal, Cape
Flattery (2049 ,p!34)
Hab: Marine, taken at depths of 10-30 fms (2390)
Misc: No commercial value
Asterotheca pentacantha (Gilbert) (sea poacher, big eye starsnout)
(2049, pi 33), (239 0,p331-2), (5500)
Dist: Bering Sea to San Diego ( 2049 , pi 33),( 2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Admiralty Inlet, Str. Juan de
Fuca, Coastal at 178 fms; Ore: Coastal (2049;pi 33)
Hab: Marine
Misc: No commercial value (2049,pi 33),(2390)
702
-------
CHORDATA -FISHES - Agonidae
Bathyagonus nigripinnis Gilbert (black sea poacher, blackfin poacher)
(2049, p!33),( 2390, p327-8), (5500)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to Coast of Washington ( 2049 , pi 33),( 2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Hoods Canal near Holly, Saratoga
Passage, Gedney Isl. Whidbylsl., off Tula lip, San
Juan Islands, Coastal (2049,pi 33)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Common, no commercial value
Bothragonus swanii (Steindachne r) (Rockhead, Deep-pitted poacher , sea
poacher) (2049,pi 34), (2390,p334-5), (5500)
Dist: Vancouver Island, Puget Sound, Washington (2049 , pi 34),( 2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Pt. Townsend, San Juan Islands,
Coastal, Cape Johnson (2049, p!34)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Rare, no commercial val ue
Hypsagonus quadricornis (Cuvier and Valenciennes) - (four-horned
sea poacher) (2049 , pi 33 ), (2390,p323-4), ( 5500)
Dist: Bering Sea to Puget Sound ( 2049 , p!33)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Admiralty Inlet, San Juan Islands,
Friday Harbor, Str. Juan de Fuca (2049,p!33),
48°21'N, 123°14'W at 48 fms (2390)
Hab: Marine, found in shallow water and tidepools at depths to
70 fms (2390)
Misc: Common, no commercial value
Occa verrucosa (Lockington) - (warty poacher, sea poacher) (2049, pi 33),
(2390,p324-5),(5500)
Dist: Vancouver Island to California (2390)
Coll: Ore: (2049, pi 33); Calif: Central
Hab: Found in water from 11 to 36 fms ( 2390); Marine ( 2049 , pi 33)
Misc: No commercial value (2049, pi 33)
Odontopyxis trispinosus Lockington - (sea poacher, pygmy poacher)
(2049,pl34),(2390,p333),(5500)
Dist: Alaska to Pt. Loma, California (2049 , pi34), (239 0)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Pt. Ludlow, San Juan Islands
(2049,p!34)
Hab: Marine, inhabits sandy or rocky bottoms (2390)
Remarks: No commercial value ( 2049 . pi 34), ( 2390)
703
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Agonidae
Pallasina barbata Steindacher - (tubesnout poacher) (5500)
Pa Hasina barbata aix_Starks (2049 ; pi 33 )
Dist: Aleutian Islands, Puget Sound to coast of Oregon (2049, p!33)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Pt. Angeles, San Juan Islands,
Coastal, Cape Johnson; Ore: Coastal(2049;p!33)
Hab: Marine
Misc: No commercial value, common
Podothecus acipenserinus Tilesius (common alligatorfish) (2049, pi33)
see Agonus acipenserinus
Stellerina xyosterna (Jordan and Gilbert) (sea poacher) (2049, p!33)
Dist: Coast of Oregon and California (2049, p!33)
Coll: Oregon record has not been verified (2049, p!33)
Hab: Mari ne
Misc: No commercial value
Xeneretmus triacanthus (Gilbert) (sea poacher) (2049, p!33)
Dist: Washington to San Diego (2049, p!33)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Hoods Canal near Holly, Possession
Sound, San Juan Islands, Coastal; Ore: Coastal,
Columbia River (2049, pi 33)
Hab: Marine
Misc: No commercial value
Xeneretmus latifrons Gilbert - (blacktip poacher) ( 2390,p328-9), (5500)
Xenopyxis latifrons (Gilbert) (2049 , p!34)
Dist: Burrard Inlet, B.C. to San Diego, California ( 2049 , pi 34), (2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Elliott Bay, Seattle, Hoods Canal
near Holly, Possession Sound, Saratoga Passage, San
Juan Islands; Ore: Columbia River, Coastal, off Ore
at 77 fms (2049, pi 34), 49 °20'N, 1 23 °43 'W at 23 fms
(2390)
Hab: Marine
Misc: No commercial value
Family:
Cyclopteridae- -lumpfish and snailfish
Careproctus cypselurus (Jordan and Gilbert) (rock sucker) (2049,p!36)
Dist:. Bering Sea to Washington (2049,p!36)
Coll: Coast of Washington (2049, p!36)
704
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Cyclopteridae
Careproctus melanurus Gilbert (blacktail snailfish) (2390), (rock sucker)
(2049, pl35),( 2341), (239 0,P3 50)
Dist: B.C. to Calif. (2049;pl35)
Coll: Wash: Albatross station 3076, 178 fms( 2049 , pi 35)
51 °23'N, 130°34'W at 876 fms (2390)
Remarks: Not rare ( 2049;pi 35 )
Eumicrotremus vinolentus (Jordan and Starks) (smooth lumpsucker)
(2049,pi 34)
Dist: Washington (2049, pi 34)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region near Seattle (2049, pi 34)
Remarks: Rare, no commercial value ( 2049 , p!34), (Parr 1929 :
29, states that this species is the young of some
species of Eumicrotremus) (2049, pi 34)
Eumicrotremus orbis (Gunther) (spiny lumpfish, Pacific spiny lumpsucker)
(2049,pl34),(2390,p337-8),(5500)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to Washington ( 2049 , pi 34),( 2390)
Coll: Wash: Hoods Canal and Albatross Station 4205 in Puget Sound,
San Juan Islands, Str. Juan de Fuca (2049, pi 34)
Hab: Some attached to rocks at low tides. Found up to 80 fms (2390)
Liparis fucensis Gilbert - (rock sucker, slipskin snailfish) (2049;p!35),
(2390,p344),(5500)
Dist: Alaska to California ( 2049 ; pi 35)
Coll: Wash: Pt. Ludlow, Admiralty Inlet, Hoods Canal, Saratoga
Passage, Pt. Angeles, Str. Juan de Fuca, San Juan Isl.,
Cape Johnson, La Push, Reef off Quillayute Needles;
Ore: Cape Falcon, Cape Foulweat^her, Yaquina Head,
Ecola Rocks, Cape Arago (2049, p!35)
Remarks: Common ( 2049 , pi 35), ranges from shallow water to
212 fms. Eats,in part, crustaceans (2390)
Liparis florae (Jordan and Starks) (tide pool snailfish, rock sucker) (2049,
P135),(2033,p321),(5500),(2390,p340-l)
Dist: Washington to California ( 2049 , pi 35),( 2390)
Coll: Wash: Deception Pass, San Juan Islands , Waadda Island,
Str. Juan de Fuca, Cape Johnson, La Push, Cape
Elizabeth near Taholah, Pt. Grenville near Moclips;
Ore: Cape Falcon, Ecola Rocks (2049,p!35)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p321)
Remarks: Common ( 2049 , pi 35)
705
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Cyclopteridae
Liparis dennyi Jordan and Starks (marbled snailfish, rock sucker)
(2049, p!35),( 2390, p345), (5500)
Dist: Alaska to Washington (2049, p!35)
Coll: Wash: Pt. Ludlow, Possession Sound, Anacortes, San Juan
Islands (2049, pi 35), 48 °1 6'N, 1 23 °45' W at 1 00 fms
(2390)
Remarks; Common ( 2049 , pi 35), eats , in part, crustaceans( 2390)
Liparis cyclopus Gun the r - (Ribbon snailfish, rock sucker) (2049, p!35),
(2390,p343),(5500)
Dist: Alaska to Washington (2049 , pi 35),( 2390)
Coll: Wash: San Juan Islands , Str. Juan de Fuca ( 2049 , pi 35)
Remarks: Common in Puget Sound (2049 , pi 35), ( 2390)
Liparis callyodon (Pallas) - (spotted snailfish, rock sucker) (2049, p!35),
(2390,p342-3),(5500)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to Washington ( 2049 : pi 35),( 2390)
Coll: Wash: Deception Pass, Pt. Angeles, San Juan Islands,
Albatross stations 4205 to 4207, Neah Bay, Cape Johnson
(2049,pl35)
Remarks: Common in Puget Sound (2049 ; pi 35), shore species found
often in tidepools (2390)
Liparis mucosus Ayres (slimy snailfish, rock sucker) ( 2049 .- pl35), ( 5521)
Dist: B.C. to California (2049, pi 35)
Coll: B.C.: Agate Beach, Little Beach, Vancouver Island (5521);
Wash: Cape Johnson
Remarks: Rare (2049, p!35), taken over rocky bottoms within first
12 ft. below intertidal zone. Red algae and kelp present
(5521)
Liparis pulchellus Ayres (showy snailfish, shorttail snailfish, rock sucker)
(2049,pl35),(2390,p346),(5500)
Dist: Alaska to California (2049 , pi 35), ( 2390)
Coll: Wash: Pt. Ludlow, Pos session Sound, Anacortes, San Juan
Islands (2049, pi 35)
Liparis rutteri (Gilbert and Snyder) (ringtail snailfish, rock sucker)
(2049,pl35),(2390,p341-2),(5500)
Dist: Alaska to California (2390),( 2049 , pi 35)
Coll; Wash: Cape Johnson, La Push, Cape Elizabeth near Taholah,
Pt. Grenville near Moclips; Ore: Cape Falcon, Three Arch
Rocks near Oceanside, Yaquina Head, Ecola Rocks, Cape
Arago (2049,p!35)
Remarks: Not rare ( 204-9 ; pi 35), moderate depths (2390)
706
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Cyclopteridae
Nectoliparis pelagicus Gilbert and Burke (tadpole snailfish) (2049,p!35),
(2341),(2390, p352-3),(5500)
Dist: North Pacific from Japan to California (2049,,pl35)
Coll: 49°06'N, 1 23 °21'W at 1 20 fms (2390)
Remarks: Rare ( 2049 , pi 35)
Paraliparis deani Burke (prickly snailfish, rock sucker) (2049,pl36),
(2390,P350-1),(5500)
Dist: Alaska to California (2049, pi 36)
Coll: 49"19'N, 123"43'W at 111 fms (2390), 54°N,130°W (2390)
Remarks: Not rare (2049 , pi 36)
Paraliparis ulochir Gilbert (rock sucker) (2049, p!36)
Dist: Bering Sea to Gulf of California (2049, pi 36)
Poly per a beringianus (Gilbert and Burke) (bering snailfish, rock sucker)
(2049,p!34)
Dist: Alaska to Puget.Sound (2049,p!35)
Coll: Wash: Pt. Townsend ( 2049 , pi 35)
Polypera greeni (Jordan and Starks) (Lobefin snailfish, rock sucker)
( 2049, p!34),( 2390, p347), (5500)
Dist: Alaska to Puget Sound ( 2049 , pi 34),( 2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region ( 2049 , pi 34)
Rhinoliparis barbulifer Gilbert (rock sucker) ( 2049 : pi 36)
Dist: Bering Sea to California (2049, pi 36)
Rhinoliparis attenuatus Burke (rock sucker) (2049 ; p!36)
Dist: Bering Sea to California (2049, pi 36)
Family: Trichodontidae - -Sandfishes
Trichodon trichodon (Tilesius) - (sand fish) (2049 , p?2), ( 2390 , p21 5-1 6)
Dist: Kamchatka, to Oregon ( 2049 , p72), ( 2390)
Coll: Wash: Coastal, Puget Sound, San Juan Islands (2049 , p72),
Grays Harbor, Seaview (2049,p72); Ore: Coastal, Yaquina
Bay, Winchester Bay near Reedsport (2049 ,p72)
707
-------
CHOEDATA - FISHES - Ammodytidae
Family: Ammodytidae--Sand lances
Amrr-odytes hexapterus Pallas (sandlance) (2390,p395-6),(5500)
Aminodytes personatus (obsolete name)
Ammodytes tobianus personatus (obsolete name)
DlsI7~Alaska to California (2049,p!38), (2033,p322)
Coll: Wash: Coastal, Seattle, Pt. Ludlow, Pt. Angeles, San Juan
Islands, Mouth Sikiu R. , Clallam Co. , Neah Bay,
Cape Flattery, Grays Harbor; Ore: Coastal, Tillamook
Head, Three Arch Rocks near Oceanside, Yaquina Head,
Ecola Rocks, Siuslaw R. , Cape Arago (2049, p!38)
Hab: Marine (2049), Intertidal ( 2033 , p322)
Remarks: Abundant, of commercial value as bait; forming the bulk
of the food for many of our food fishes (2049,pl38).
Occurs in large schools; may bury itself in sand of beaches,
feeds on plankton, particularly small crustaceans;
eaten by chinook, coho, ling cod, halibut, and many
other fishes (2390)
Family: Bathymasteridae- -Ronquils
B a thy master signatus Cope (searcher) (239 0, p365-6), (5500)
Dist: Washington to Bering Sea, Rare. (2390)
Ronquilus jordani (Gilbert) - (ronquil) (2049 , p!38), (2390, p364-5), (5500)
Dist: Alaska to Puget Sound (2049, p!38)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound, Seattle, Admiralty Inlet and Hoods Canal,
Possession Sound, Saratoga Passage, San Juan Islands,
Coastal, Neah Bay, Str. Juan de Fuca (2049, p!38),
48°21'N,123Q14'W at 48 fms (2390)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Common, no commercial value
Family: Clinidae--Clinids
Gibbonsia elegans montereyensis^Hubbs - ( spotted kelpfish) (2049, pi 38)
Dist: Vancouver Island, B.C. to Southern California (2049 , pi 39)
Coll: Recorded north of Calif, only from Vancouver Isl. , B. C. (2049,p!39)
Hab: Marine
Misc: No commercial value
708
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Clinidae
Gibbonsia metzi Hubbs - (striped kelpfish) ( 2033 , p321),( 2390 , p36l-2),( 5500)
Dist: Vancouver Island to Southern California (2390)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p321)
Remarks: Inhabits shallow water, usually tidepools (2390)
Gibbonsia montereyensis Hubbs - (crevice kelpfish) ( 2033 , p321),( 2390 ,
p362-3),(5500)
Dist: Vancouver Island to Southern California (2390)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p321), Tidepools (2390)
Heterostichus rostratus Girard (kelpfish) ( 2049 , pi 39), (2033 , p321),
(2567,pl45)
Dist: B.C. and Southern California and Guadalupe Islands (2049, pi 39),
(2567,p!45)
Coll: Recorded north of California only from B. C. (2049,p!39)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p321), inshore around kelp and eelgrass
(2567,p!45)
Family: , Anarhichadidae --Wolffishes
Anarhichthys ocellatus Ayres (wolf eel) (2049, p!41), (2341), (2567 , pi48),
(2390,p366-7), (5500)
Dist: Alaska to Monterey, Calif. ( 2049 , p!41), (2567 , p!48),( 2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound, Hoods Canal near Holly and Potlatch,
Pt. Townsend (2049,p!41 ), Coastal, Neah Bay (2049 ,
p!41); Ore: Coastal, Haystack Rock near Pacific City,
Port Orford (2049,pl41)
Hab: Marine
Remarks: Eats crustaceans, sea-urchins, mussels, clams, and
other hard-shelled invertebrates as well as fishes (2390)
Misc: Common, no commercial value
Family: Pholidae--Gunnels
Apodichthys flavidus Girard (Penpoint gunnel, ronquil) (2049;pl39)
Dist: Alaska to Pt. Conception ( 2049 , pi 39 ), (2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Ft. Steilacoom, Seattle, Meadowdale
Pt. Ludlow, Deception Pass, San Juan Islands, Sucia
Islands, Sikiu R. mouth, Clallam Co. , Coastal, Neah
Bay, Cape Johnson, La Push, Quillayute R. mouth, Cape
709
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Pholidae
Apodichthys flavidus (continued)
Elizabeth near Taholah; Ore: Coastal, Cape Falcon,
Cape Foulweather, Yaquina Head, Ecola Rocks, Coos
Bay, Cape Arago (2049,p!39)
Hab: Marine, lives in eel grass (2390)
Remarks: Eats small crustaceans and molluscs (2390)
Misc: Common
Pholis clemensi - (gunnel) - ( 5511 , p933-39)
Dist: South B. C. to Straits of Juan de Fuca (5511)
Remarks: Taken among rocks in 40-90 ft of -water. Temperature
of water 8. 8 10.5°C, Salinity ca. 28%o
Philos laeta (Cope) (bracket blenny, crescent gunnel) (2049, p!39),
(2390,p381 -2),(5500)
Dist: Alaska to California (2049 ; pi39 ),( 2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Manchester Rks. , Seattle,
Bainbridge Isl. , Meadowdale, Pt. Orchard, Hoods Canal
near Holly, Possession Sound, San Juan Islands, Coastal,
Neah Bay, Cape Johnson, La Push, Quillayute R. mouth,
Ore: Coastal, Cape Falcon, Cape Foulweather, Yaquina
Head, Ecola Rocks, Cape Arago (2049 , p!39)
Hab: Marine, found in shallow water, frequently intertidal zone,
around seaweeds and in tidepools. Sometimes found
at 30-40 fms (2390)
Misc: Common (2049,p!39),(2390)
Pholis ornatus (Girard) - (saddled blenny, saddleback gunner) (2049,p!39)
(2390,P380-l),(5500)
Dist: Alaska to San Francisco (2049, p!39)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Ft. Steilacoom, Deception Pass,
Hoods Canal near Holly, Pt. Ludlow, Whidby Island,
Admiralty Head, Port Townsend, Pt. Angeles, San
Juan Islands, "New Orcas Islands," Coastal, Cape
Flattery, Cape Johnson, La Push, Quillayute R. mouth,
Cape Elizabeth near Taholah, Grays Harbor, Shoalwater,
(Willapa Bay), Columbia River mouth; Ore: Coastal, Cape
Falcon, Tillamook Bay, Three Arch Rocks near Oceanside,
Nestucca Bay, Yaquina Head, Yaquina Bay, Ecola Rocks,
Coos Bay (2049,p!39)
Hab: Found usually on muddy bottoms near mouth of streams. 10-20
fms, sometimes in intertidal zone. (2390), marine
Misc: Eats crustaceans and molluscs (2390), Common
710
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Pholidae
Pholis schultzi Hubbs (northern Blenny) (2049 , p!39),(5521)
Dist: Washington to California (2049, pi 39)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, reef at lighthouse, west shore, San
Juan Isl. , Coastal, Cape Johnson, La Push, Quillayute
R. mouth, Cape Elizabeth near Taholah; Ore: Coastal,
Yaquina Head, Ecola Rocks, Cape Arago; Calif: Del
Norte Co. (2049, pi 39)
Misc: Not rare (2049, p!39)
Hab: Marine, taken over rocky bottoms exposed to waves, eel
grass and kelp present (5521)
Xerepres fucorum (Jordan and Gilbert) - (fucus blenny, rockweed gunnel)
(2049,pl39),(2033,p322),(2390,p383-4),(5500)
Dist: Puget Sound to San Clemente Island, Calif. (2049, pi 39)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, San Juan Islands, Coastal,
Neah Bay, Cape Johnson, La Push; Ore: Coastal,
Cape Foulweather, Yaquina Head, Ecola Rocks,
Cape Arago (2049,pi 39)
Hab: Marine, intertidal ( 2033 , p322). Found in the seaweed Fucus.
Remarks: Biol: Eats small crustaceans and mollusks (2390)
Misc: Not rare (2049, pi 39)
Family: Stichaenidae - -Pricklebacks
Anoplarchus purpurescens Gill -(cockscomb prickleback) (2033,p321),
(2390, P375-6), (5500)
Dist: Bering Sea to California (2390)
Coll: Calif: Central coast ( 2033 , p321)
Hab: Intertidal, very common along coast, under rocks in intertidal
zone (2390)
Remarks: Spawning in late winter or early spring (2390)
Anoplarchus purpurescens purpurescens Gill (crested blenny)
(2049,p!40)
Dist: Alaska to California (2049,pl40)
Coll: Wash: Ft. Steilacoom, Seattle, Pt. Townsend, Meadowdale,
Deception Pass, Hoods Canal near Holly, Pt. Townsend,
San Juan Islands, Friday Harbor and Brown Isl. , Coastal,
Cape Flattery, Cape Johnson, La Push; Ore: Coastal,
Cape Foulweather, Yaquina Head, Cape Arago (2049, p!40)
Hab: Marine ( 2049 , p!40)
Remarks: Common, no commercial value (2049, p!40)
711
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES Stichaenidae
Bryostemma decoratum
see Chirolophis polyactocephalus
Bryostemma nugator Jordan and Williams (ornamented blenny)
(2049,p!40)
see Chirolophis nugator
Chirolophis nugator (Jordan and Williams) (mosshead prickleback)
(2033 ,p321),( 5500), (2390, p374-5)
Bryostemma nugator Jordan and Williams (ornamented blenny)
(2049. p!40) (obsolete name)
Dist: Strait of Georgia to California (2390),( 2049 , p!40)
Coll: Wash: Coastal, San Juan Islands, Cape Johnson, La Push,
opposite Quillayute Needles; Ore: Coastal, Cape
Foulweather, Yaquina Head, Ecola Rocks, Cape
Arago (2049,p!40)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p321)
Chirolophis polyactocephalus Pallas (decorated prickleback, decorated
(blenny) (2390 , p373 -4), ( 5500)
Bryostemma decoratum Jordan and Snyder (obsolete name)
Dist: Bering Sea to Washington (2390)
Coll: Wash: Pt. Orchard, off Everett, Admiralty Inlet, Friday
Harbor, Str. Juan de Fuca (2049,pl40)
Hab: Marine ( 2049 , p!40)
Remarks: Not common. No commercial value (2049, p!40); not
rare (2390)
Delolepis giganteus (Kittlitz) (giant wrymouth, blenny) (2049, p!41),(2390,
378-79),(5500)
Dist: Alaska to Oregon ( 2049 , p!41),( 239 0)
Coll: Wash: Seattle, Whidby Island, Pt. Angeles; Ore: Coastal,
Yaquina Bay, Heceta Head, Coquille River mouth (2049,pl41)
Hab: Marine (2049, pi 41)
Remarks: Not rare. No commercial value (2049 , pi41)
Epigeichthys atro-purpureus
see Xiphi s ter^ atropurpureus
712
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Stichaenidae
Leptoclinus maculatus (Fries) (shanny - prickleback, blenny) (2049, p!41),
(5520),(2408)
Dist: North Pacific southward to Puget Sound (2049,pl41)
Coll: Wash: Orcas Island (2049 , p!41 )
Hab: Marine (2049, pi41), taken in British Columbia over hard
sandy bottom at 180-300 ft. (5520)
Remarks: Probably common. No commercial value (2049 , p!41)
Lumpenus anguillaris (Pallas) - (snake eel) (2049,p!41)
Dist: Alaska to California ( 2049 , p!41 )
Coll: Wash: Seattle, off Everett, Whidby Island, Hoods Canal, Pt.
Ludlow, Bellingham Bay, Whatcom Co. , San Juan Islands,
"New Orcas Islands," Pt. Angeles, Grays Harbor,
Chinnok, Columbia R. mouth (2049 , p!41)
Hab: Marine (2049, p!41)
Misc: No commercial value , common (2049 , p!41)
Lumpenus sagitta Wilmovsky - (Pacific snakeblenny) ( 2390 , p37 1-2), ( 5500)
Dist: .Bering Sea to California (2390)
Lyconectes aleutensis Gilbert (red devil, dwarf wrymouth) (2049, p!41),
(2390,p379-80),(5500)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to Puget Sound (2049,pl41)
Coll: Wash: Hoods Canal, San Juan Islands, Orcas Isl. (2049,p!41)
Hab: Marine (2049,p!41), Inhabits muddy bottoms (2390)
Remarks: Not common, no commercial value (2049,pl41)
Phytichthys chirus (Jordan and Gilbert) - (ribbon prickleback) (2033, p321),
(2390,p376),(5500)
Dist: Bering Sea to California (2390)
Coll: Calif: Central coast ( 2033 , p321)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p321), in shallow water of intertidal zone,
under rocks (2390)
Remarks: Feeds on red and green algae (2390). Common (2390)
Phytichthys chirus chirus - (belted blenny) (2049, p!40)
Dist: British Columbia to California (2049,pl40)
Coll: Wash: Coastal, Pt. Ludlow, San Juan Islands, Friday Harbor,
Neah Bay, La Push, Cape Johnson; Ore: Coastal, Three
Arch Rocks near Oceanside, Cape Foulweather (2049, p!40)
Hab: Marine (2049)
Remarks: Common, no commercial value ( 2049 , p!40)
713
-------
CHORDATA FISHES - Stichaenidae
Plagiogrammus hopkinsii Bean (crisscross prickleback) (2033,p321)
Dist: California (2033, p321)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p321)
Plectobranchus evides Gilbert - (bluebarred prickleback or black-and-white
prickleback, barred blenny) ( 2049 , p!40),( 5500),
(2390,p372)
Dist: Washington to California (2049, p!40), (2390)
Coll: Wash: Coastal, Hoods Canal, Holly, Possession Sound,
Pt. Susan, Saratoga Passage, Columbia River; Ore:
Coastal, Albatross Station 3064 (2049, p!40)
Hab: Marine (2049 , p!40)
Remarks: Not common, no commercial value (2049,pl40)
Poroclinus rothrocki Bean - (white barred blenny) (2049 , p!41 ),( 5500),
(2390,p368-9)
Dist: Alaska to California (2049 , p!41 ),( 239 0)
Coll: Wash: off Tulalip, Saratoga Passage , Pt. Susan ( 2049 : p!41)
Hab: Marine (2049), bottom dweller in intertidal area
Remarks: Rare, no commercial value (2049,p!41)
Xiphister atropurpureus (Kjttlitz) (black prickleback) (5500)
Epigeichthys atro-purpureus (Kittlitz) (rock blenny) (2049,pl40),
(2033, p321), (2390, p377-8) (obsolete name)
Dist: Alaska to California (2049, p!40)
Coll: Wash: Coastal, Pt. Ludlow, San Juan Islands, Neah Bay,
Cape Johnson, La Push; Ore: Coastal, Cape Foulweather,
Yaquina Head, Cape Arago (2049,pl40)
Hab: Marine (2049), Intertidal( 2033 , p321) found under rocks high
on the beach when tide recedes (2390)
Remarks: Common, slight commercial value ( 2049 , p!40)
Xiphister mucosus (Girard) (rock blenny) (2049 , pi40), ( 2033 , p321 ),
(2567, P147 ),( 239 0,p37 6-7), (5500)
Dist: Alaska to California ( 2049 , p!40),( 2567 , p!47)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Coastal, Pt. Ludlow, Pt. Townsend,
San Juan Islands. Brown Is. at Friday Harbor, Neah Bay,
Cape Johnson, La Push; Ore: Coastal, Three Arch
Rocks near Oceanside, Cape Foulweather, Yaquina Head,
Ecola Rocks, Cape Arago, Port Orford (2049,p!40)
Hab: Marine (2049), Intertidal ( 2033 , p321 ),( 2567 , pi 47), young are taken
in upper intertidal zone. Adults in lower intertidal zone
to 10 fms (2390)
Remarks: Eat mainly algae (2390). Common, slight commercial value
(2049;pl40)
714
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Ptilichthyidae
Family: Ptilichthyidae- -Quillfishes
Ptilichthys goodei Bean (quill fish) (2049 , pi 41), (2390 ,p367-8 ), ( 5500), (2408)
Dist: Alaska to Puget Sound (2049 , p!41 ),(2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound, Friday Harbor ( 2049 , p!41)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Not common, no commercial value (2049, p!41)
Family: Zoarcidae--eelpouts
Aprodon cortezianus Gilbert - (bigfin eelpout) ( 2390, p386-7), ( 5500)
Dist: Queen Charlotte Sound to Southern California (2390)
Bothrocara mollis Bean - (eelpout) (2049, p!42)
Dist: Queen Charlotte Islands to California (2049, p!42)
Coll: This species has not been recorded in Wash, or Ore. (2049, p!42)
Hab: Marine (2049)
Remarks: No commercial value (2049, p!42)
Bothrocara remigera Gilbert - (eelpout) (2049 , pi42)
Dist: Washington to California (2049,pl42)
Coll: Wash: Albatross Station 3075 (2049, p!42)
Hab: Marine (2049)
Remarks: No commercial value (2049, p!42)
Embryx crotalinus (Gilbert) - (snakehead eelpout) (2049 , p!41), (5500)
Dist: Northern Pacific to California (2049,pl41)
Coll: This species has not been recorded from Wash, and Ore. (2049 , p!41)
Hab: Marine (2049)
Remarks: Rare, no commercial value (2049:pl41)
Furcimanus diapterus (Gilbert) (2049 , p!42), (2048)
See Lycodes diapterus
Lycodapus mandibularis Gilbert - (osteichthyes) (2341)
Dist: Oregon (2341)
Lycodes brevipes Bean -(shortfin eelpout) (2049 , pU2), (2390, p389 -90),
(5500)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to Puget Sound(2049 , p!42), ( 2390)
715
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Zoarcidae
Lycodes brevipes (continued)
Coll: Wash: Admiralty Inlet, San Juan Islands, East Sound
(2049,p!42), 50045'N,127°l6rW at 138 fms (2390)
Hab: Marine (2049)
Remarks: Not rare, no commercial value (2049,pl42)
Lycodes diapterus Gilbert - (blackfin eelpout) (2390, p387-8), (5500)
Furcimanus diapterus (obsolete name) ( 2049 , p!42), ( 2408)
Dist: Bering Sea to California ( 2390), (2049 , p!42)
Coll: Wash: Elliott Bay, Saratoga Passage, off Tulalip, near
Gedney Isl. , Albatross Station 3067 at 72 fms(2049 , p!42)
Hab: Marine (2049), habitat in deeper waters 30-391 fms (2390)
Remarks: Rare, no commercial value (2049,pl42)
Lycodes jordani Evermann and Goldsborough - (eelpout) (2049,pl42)
Dist: Alaska to California (2049 , p!42)
Coll: Puget Sound record cannot be verfied (2049,pl42)
Hab: Marine (2049)
Remarks: Rare, no commercial value (2049, p!42)
Lycodes palearis Gilbert - (wattled eelpout) (2390, p388 -9), (5500)
Dist: Bering Sea to Oregon (2390)
Remarks: Spawns in winter months; eats small bivalves and
shrimps (2390)
Lycodopsis pacifica (Collett) - (black belly eelpout) (2049 , p!42), ( 2390,
p385-6),(5500)
Dist: Alaska to California (2 049, pi 42)
Coll: Wash: Coastal, Seattle, Admiralty Inlet, and Pt. Townsend,
Everett, Saratoga Passage, San Juan Islands, Cape
Flattery (2049, p!42)
Hab: Marine (2049), has been taken from 10-200 fms (2390)
Remarks: Common, no commercial value (2049 . p!42), eats
marine worms, crustaceans, small bivalves and
brittlestars(2390)
Lycogramma brunnea (Bean) - (eelpout) ( 2049 , p!42)
Dist: Alaska to California (2049,pl42)
Coll: This species has not been recorded in Wash, or Ore. (2049,pl42)
Hab: Marine (2049,pl42)
Remarks: Not common, no commercial value (2049, p!42)
716
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Scytalinidae
Family: Scytalinidae - -Graveldiver s
Scytalina cerdale Jordan and Gilbert (graveldiver, burrowing blenny)
(2049,pl41),(2390,p384-5),(5500),(2033, p322)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to Monterey Co. , California (2049,pl41)
Coll: Wash: Coastal, Puget Sound, San Juan Islands, Waadda Is. ,
Neah Bay (2049,pl41)
Hab: Marine ( 2049), intertidal ( 2033 , p322), Occurs in tidepools and
beaches in loose gravel and stones and burrows in the
sand (2390)
Misc: Not common, no commercial value (2049,pl41)
Family: Zaproridae--Prowfish
Zapora silenus Jordan (highbrow, prowfish) ( 2049 , p!38), ( 239 0, p233-34)
Dist: Sitkalidak Island, Alaska to Puget Sound (2049, pi 38)
Coll: Puget Sound--Nanaimo Harbor, B.C. (2049,p!38)
Hab: Marine
Remarks: Rare, no commercial value (2049, p!38), has been
taken between 16 - 195 fms (2390)
Family: Brotulidae--Brotulas
Brosmophycis marginatus (Ayres) - (Red brotula, brotuloid) (2049, p!42),
(2390,p393-4),(5500)
Dist: Petersburg, Alaska to San Pedro, Calif. (2049,pl42)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound, Elliott Bay, Hoods Canal near Holly,
off Everett, Gedney Island, Possession Sound (2049, p!42)
Hab: Marine
Remarks: Apparently lives in moderate depths (2390)
Misc: Not rare, no commercial value (2049, p!42)
Family: Stromateidae-- Butter fishes
Icichthys lockingtoni Jordan and Gilbert - (brown rudderfish, medusa
fish) (2390,p232),(2033,p320)
Dist: Gulf of Alaska to northern and Central Calif. (2033 , p320),(2390)
Misc: O-ften found in association with jellyfish (2390)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p320)
717
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Stromateidae
Palometa simillima Ayres (California pompano) ( 2567 , p81), ( 2390, p231 -2)
Peprilus simillimus (Ayres) (2049, p71)
Dist: B.C. to Cedros Island, Baja California (2567 , p81), (2390)
Coll: Puget Sound: Pt. Ludlow (2049 , p71); Ore: Coastal,
(2049,p71); Calif: San Diego( 2049 , p71)
Hab: Marine (2567, p81),(2390),(2049 ,p71)
Remarks: Good eating fish(2390)
Misc: Slight commercial value, no commercial value in Wash.
or Ore. (2567 , p81), (2390), (2049 - p?l)
Family: Tetragonuridae
Tetragonurus cuvieri Risso (smalleye and squaretail) (2390, p236-7)
Dist: Vancouver Island, B. C. to southern California (2390)
Remarks: Eats only jellyfishes and combjellies, reported to be
poisonous in the Mediterranean Sea (2390)
Family: Icosteidae --Ragfish.es
Icosteus aenigmaticus (2390,p235)
Acrotus willoughbyi Bean (2049,p71)
Dist: B.C. to San Diego, Calif. ( 2049 -, p71), (2390), Petersburg,
Alaska to San Pedro, Calif. (2049,p71)
Coll: Puget Sound: Gig Harbor and Whidby Isl. , Pt. Townsend,
San Juan Islands (2049,p71); Wash: Coastal, Damon
(2049,p71), Columbia River mouth, Ilwaco (2049,p71);
Ore: Astoria (2049 , p71)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Not rare, no commercial value (2049, p71)
Family: Sphyraenidae--Barracudas
Sphraena argentea Girard - (barracuda) ( 2049 , p70), (2567 , p80), (2390, p238-239)
Dist: Alaska to Magdalena Bay, Baja Calif. (2567,p80), Puget Sound
to Gulf of California (2049,p70)
Coll: Puget Sound: Gig Harbor, Pt. Ludlow ( 2049 , p70)
Hab: Marine
Remarks: Found off California coast; it spawns in June in open
ocean. Good sport fish (2390)
Misc: Common southward, little commercial value north of Calif.
Very commercially important in Calif. ( 2049 ; p70), ( 2567 , p80)
718
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Atherinidae
Family: Atherinidae--Silver sides
A t herinopsis californiensis californiensis Girard - (jack smelt)
(2049,p70),(2567,p76)
Dist: Northern Oregon to lower California (2049 ; p70),( 2567 , p76)
Coll: Ore: Coastal, Yaquina Bay, Coos Bay (2049 , p70)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Common, slight commercial value in Oregon (2049,p70)
Atherinops affinis oregonia Jordan and Snyder - (bay smelt) (2049,p70),
(5501),(5539)
Dist: Northern Oregon to Central California (2049,p70)
Coll: Ore: Coastal, Tillamook Bay, Coos Bay, Yaquina Bay,
Yachats R. (2049,p70)
Hab: Marine
Misc: Common, slight commercial value ( 2049 , p70)
Remarks: Fertilized eggs developed at all temps below 26. 8°C.
Maximum hatching temp around 27° - 28. 5°C and not
below 12. 8°C. Spawning in February (5501)
Spawn in late May to early July. Eggs attached to
eelgrass which was cover ed by a few feet of water at
low tide, in Coos Bay, Ore. Migrate to upper end of the
bay. Usually reach sexual maturity in 3 years. Evidence
seems to indicate that this fish does not go into the ocean
but stays in bays (5539)
A. affinis became more acclimated to heat than to cold.
Natural temp for La Jolla area summer water = 20 °C,
for winter, 18°C (2828)
Order: Pleuronectiformes (Heterosomata)
Family: Bothidae--left-eye flounders
Citharichthys sordidus (Girard) (Pacific sand dab, mottled sand dab)
(2049, p66), (2341),(2567, P52),( 241 6), (5633), (2390, pi 80-1)
Dist: Kiska Island (Aleutian chain) to Lower California (2049,p66),
(2567,p52),(2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Seattle, off Everett, Saratoga
Passage, San Juan Isl. , Pt. Angeles, Str. Juan de Fuca;
Ore: off Cascade Head, off Newport (2049,p66)
Remarks: Common southward, slight commercial value ( 2049 , p66),
carnivorous (2390), popular fish on market. Taken commerci
ally from Bodega Head to Monterey Bay. Occurs from
10-100 fms. Spawns from July to early Sept., peak of
season is in Aug. Eggs are pelagic, found in deep water,
eats mainly anchovies (2416)
719
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Bothidae
Citharichthys stigmaeus Jordan and Gilbert - (speckled sand dab)
(2049, p66), (2390, pi 81-2), (2567, p52),( 2033, p320),( 2341)
Dist: Prince William Sound to California ( 2049 , p66), (2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Seattle, Hoods Canal near Holly,
Admiralty Inlet, Saratoga Passage, off Bellingham,
San Juan Islands, Coastal, Grays Harbor; Ore:
Coastal, Yaquina Bay, Coos Bay (2049 , p66)
Hab: Marine (2049 , p66), Inter tidal (2033 , p320)
Remarks: Common, slight commercial value (2049 , p66),
carnivorous (2390)
Family: Pleuronectidae--right eye flounders
Atheresthes stomias (Jordan and Gilbert) - (arrow-tooth halibut, turbot,
bastard halibut, French sole) (2049 , ;p66), (2390, p!83 -4),
(2567,P57)
Dist: Bering Sea to California (2049 , p66), (2567 , p57)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Elliott Bay, Saratoga Passage,
San Juan Islands, Str. Juan de Fuca; Ore: Coastal,
off Tillamook Rock (2049,p66), 48 °31 'N, 1 24°39'W at
98 fms (2390)
Hab: Marine ( 2049 , p66)
Remarks: Common northward, no commercial value (2049,p66),
(2567,p57), slight commercial value; used for mink
feed. Eats shrimps and herring (2390)
Embassichthys bathybius (Gilbert) - (deep sea sole) (2341), (2390, p201-2)
Dist: British Columbia to California
Coll: Ore: (2341) 48 °14'N, 1 25 °02'W at 116 fms (2390)
Eopsetta jordani (Lockington) - (English sole, brill, petrale sole)
(2049, p67), (2567 ,p59),( 2571, p48),( 2390, pi 88-9), (5525), (5528)
Hippoglossoides jordani (241 6) (obsolete name)
Dist: Alaska to Baja California ( 2567 , p59 ),( 239 0), (2049 , p67)
Coll: Wash: Coastal, Cape Flattery, La Push, off Grays Harbor;
Ore: Coastal, off Newport, Pt. Orford (2049 , p67)
Hab: Marine (2049,p67)
Remarks: Common, slight commercial value (2049,p67); food--
euphausiids, herring, sand lance and anchoves (2390);
spawns from Nov. to March (5525) no evidence of north-
south migration (5528); Early development (3375); Fecundity,
spawning and early life history (3379) See also Vol. I, Chap. 20.
See also Chapter 20
p. 262
720 '
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Pleuronectidae
Glyptocephalus jpacificul (2416) obsolete
see Microstomus pacificus
Glyptocephalus zachirus Lockington - (witch sole) (2390, p202)(rex sole,
long-finned sole) (2049 , p69),( 2341), (2567 , p65),( 241 6)
Dist: North Pacific south to San Pedro Bay ( 2049 , p69 ), (2567 , p65)
Coll: Wash: Seattle, Possession Sound, Hoods Canal near Holly,
Saratoga Passage, Str. of Juan de Fuca; Ore: off
Cascade Head and off Newport (2049, p69), 48° 30'N,
124°36'W at 116 fms (2390)
Hab: Marine (2049 ,-p69), lives in fairly deep water (2390)
Remarks: Common, slight commercial value
comprises 5% of Calif, sole catch
;2049,p69),(2567,p65),
[2567,P65)
Hippoglossoides elassodofi Jordan and Gilbert - (sole) ( 2049 , p67), (2390, pi 85-6)
Dist: Alaska to Washington ( 2049 . p67),( 2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Admiralty Inlet, Possession Sound,
Saratoga Passage, San Juan Islands, Str. of Juan de
Fuca, Coastal, Albatross Station 3460 (2049,. p67),
48°25'N, 124°10'W, depth 53 fms (2390)
Common in Str. of Georgia in moderately shallow water
(2390)
Hab: Marine (2049,p67)
Remarks: Common, slight commercial value ( 2049 , p67), (2390),
food: annelids, crustaceans and molluscs (2390)
Hippoglossoides exiles
See Lyopsetta exilis
[Jordan and Gilbert) (2416) (obsolete)
Hippoglossus stenolepis Schmidt (alabato, northern halibut, pacific halibut)
(2049, p66),( 2341),(2567, P56),( 2442), (2390, pi 84),
(256l,p43-44)
Dist: Bering Sea to California ( 2049 , p66), ( 2567 , p56), (2571 , p43), (2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, off west coast of Whidby Island,
Str. Juan de Fuca ( 2049 , p66), Coastal, Cape Flattery
(2049 ,p67); Ore: Coastal, Tillamook Head and Heceta
Bank, off Yaquina Head, off Yaquina Bar, off Coos Co.
(2049,p67)
Remarks: At one time it formed a great fishery of Wash. ; stock now
somewhat depleted, but abundant northward (2049,p66),
(2567,p56),(2571 ,p43),(2390), Biol: Spawn from Nov. to
See also Chapter 20
p. 263
721
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Pleuronectidae
Hippoglossus stenolepis (continued)
Jan. from 150-225 fms; food: fishes, crabs, clams,
squids and other invertebrates (2390, pi 85), stomach
contents (2442, p94-96); Enemies: sea-lion(Eumetopias
stelleri), "ground shark',' lamprey, and other halibut
(2442), Also see Vol. I, Chap. 20.
Hab: Occurs from very shallow •waters to 600 fms, usually 30-225 fms.
Isopsetta isolepis (Lockington) (butter sole) (2390, pl95), (rock sole,
scaly-finned flounder) (2049 , p68), (2416), (2567 , p6l)
Parophrys isolepis (obsolete name) (2416)
Dist: Alaska to California (2049 ; p68), (2567 , p6l),(2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Seattle, San Juan Islands;
Ore: (2049,p68)
Hab: Marine (2049,p68), Found in deep water. Dredged 5-15
fms off central Oregion (3412)
Remarks: Common, no commercial value ( 2049 , p68), (2567 , p6l),
(2390); Bio: Spawn from March to late April (2390),
Eats crustaceans and molluscs (2416)
Lepidopsetta bilineata (Ayres) - (rough back sole, rock sole, flounder)
(~2049.-p68),( broad fin sole) (2567 , p63), (2390, p!97 -8),
(2416)
Dist: Japan to Alaska to California (2049 , p68),(2567,p63)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Seattle, Meadowdale, Hoods Canal
near Holly, Pt. Ludlow, Admiralty Inlet, San Juan Islands,
Port Angeles, Coastal, Cape Flattery; Ore: Coastal,
Cannon Beach(2049,p68)
Hab: Young are common in shallow waters, usually in sandy or
gravelly areas off eelgrass beds.
Remarks: Abundant, commercial value (2049 , p68), (2567 , p63);
Bio: Spawn from late winter to early spring, eats brittle
stars, small crabs, shrimps, clam siphons and other
invertebrates and sand lance (2390)
Lyopsetta exilis (Jordan and Gilbert) - (slender sole, rough sole) (2049,p67),
(2341),(24l6),(2567,p58),(2390,pl87)
Hippoglossoides exilis (Jordan and Gilbert) (241 6), (obsolete name)
Dist: Alaska to Baja California ( 2049 , p67), (2567 , p58), (2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Admiralty Inlet, Possession Sound,
Saratoga Passage, San Juan Islands, Coastal; Ore: Coastal,
off Cascade Head, Yaquina Bay (2049 , p67), 49°H'N,
123°54'W at 54 fms (2390)
722
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Pleuronectidae
Lyopsetta exilis (continued)
Hab: Occurs in rocky areas, usually in moderate depths (2416)
Remarks: Common, slight commercial value ( 2049 , p67 ),( 2567 , p58),
(2390); Eats small fish and crustaceans. Spawn in
spring, in deep water (2416)
Microstomus pacificus (Lockington) - (dover sole, Chinese sole, slippery
sole, slime sole) ( 2049 , p68),(2341),( 2567 , p64),
(2416),(2572),(2390,P200-201), (5528)
Glyptocephalus pacificus ( 241 6) (obsolete name ? )
Dist: Alaska to Baja California ( 2049 , p69),( 2567 , p64), (2572, p7)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound re gion, Elliott Bay, Possession Sound,
Saratoga Passage, Whidby Isl. , Holmes Hbr. , San
Juan Islands, San Juan Channel, Str. Juan de Fuca;
Coastal, Albatross Station 3343 (516 fms); Ore:
Coastal, off Cascade Head and off Newport (2049,p69)
Hab: Deeper waters than most flat fish, on muddy bottoms
(2567, p64.),( 2390)
Remarks: Common, sold primarily as mink feed (2390), slight
commercial value (2049,p69); Bio: Spawn in Dec. ,
Jan. and Feb. Larvae are pelagic eggs and young drift
south and shoreward due to currents. Feeds on
invertebrates, mainly those that inhabit mud (2572, p46-7),
No evidence of north-south migrations but sole tagged
in shallow water in summer were recovered in 200 fms
in winter (5528), See also Vol I , Chap.20.
Parophrys isolepis (obsolete) (2416)
See Isopsetta isolepis
See also Chapter 20
p. 272
Parophrys vetulus Girard - (common sole, California sole, lemon sole,
English sole) (2049 , p68), (2341),(2416),(5541), (5528),
(5522),(2453),(5523),(2567,p62),(2390,pl94-5),(5542),
(5543),(5545),(5546),(5547)
Dist: Alaska to Baja California ( 2567 , p62),( 2049 , p68), found from
28°30IN,115000'W to 54°30'N, 1 64°W (2453)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Seattle, Admiralty Inlet, Pt.
Townsend, Meadowdale, Possession Sound, Hoods
Canal near Holly, Saratoga Passage, off Bellingham,
San Juan Islands, Pt. Angeles and Str. of Juan de
Fuca; Coastal, Grays Harbor; Ore: Columbia R. mouth,
Astoria, Coastal, Tillamook Bay, Nestucca Bay,
off Cascade Head and off Newport, Yaquina Bay, Coos
Bay, Pt. Orford (2049,p68)
723
See also Chapter 20
p. 285
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Pleuronectidae
Parophrys vetulus (continued)
Misc: Value, number, tag study, etc. (5522) (5528) (5546) (5547)
Hab: (2390) (5522) (5523)
Life Cycle, Biol: (2390) (5522) (5523) (2453) (5528) (5541) (5542)
(5546)(5547)(2686,p!7)
Phys: (2453)(5522)
Also see Vol. I, Chap. 20.
Platichthys stellatus (Pallas) (starry flounder) (2033,p320) (2566, p60)
(2567,p66)(2390,p203)(2416)(2566,p60)
Pleuronectes stellatus (obsolete name) (2416)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2566,p60)
Hab: Intertidal (2033,p320), various types of bottoms in depths from
few inches to 150 fms , avoids rock ( 2566, p60), usually
in shallow waters on sandy bottoms.
Temp: Embryological development in 68 hrs at 12. 5°C (2566,p60)
Remarks: Slight commercial value (2566, p60); spawn in late
winter and early spring; young move into streams;
food: crabs, shrimps, worms, clams, and clam
siphons, small molluscs and small fish (2390)
Food and Feeding in Humboldt Bay (3374)
Platichthys stellatus rugosus Girard ( starry flounder) (2049 : p68)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2049, p68)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Seattle, Meadowdale, Pt. Ludlow,
Hoods Canal near Holly, San Juan Islands, Pt. Angeles,
Str. of Juan de Fuca, coastal, Cape Flattery,
Quillayute R. mouth, beach at La Push, Quinault R.
mouth, Grays Harbor; one 6-inch speciman at Kalama,
Wash, (fresh water); Ore: Coastal, Tillamook Bay,
Nestucca Bay, Yaquina Bay, Siuslaw R. and Ten Mile Cr.
Coos Bay (2049,p68)
Hab: Marine (2049,p68)
Remarks: Common, commercial value (2049 , p68)
Pleuronichthys coenosus Girard (sole, c-o turbot) (2049,p67) (2567,p69)
(2390,p!92) (2416)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2049 , p67) (2567 , p69) (2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Seattle, Port Madison, Hoods
Canal near Holly, San Juan Islands, Str. of Juan de Fuca
(2049,p67)
Hab: Young found in shallow waters; adults in deeper waters (2390);
feed on algae; spawn in spring (2416)
Remarks: Common, slight commercial value (2049 , p67)
724
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Pleuronectidae
Pleuronichthys decurrens Jordan and Gilbert (curlfin turbot) (2049, p67)
(2567,p68)(2390,p!9l)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2049,p67) (2567,p68) (2390)
Coll: B. C. : Rivers Inlet; Ore (occasionally) (2049, p67); dredged
5-10 fms off central Oregon (3412)
Remarks: Common southward, no commercial value (2049,p67)
Pleuronectes stellatus (obsolete name) (2416)
See Platichthys stellatus
Pleuronichthys^ verticalis (Jordan and Gilbert) (horny head turbot)
Dist: Oregon to Calif. (2341) (2416)
Coll: Calif: around Monterey Bay (2416)
Psettichthys melanostictus Girard (sand sole) (2049,p67) (2033,p320)
(2341) (2416) (5524) (2567,p60) (2390,p!89)
Dist: Alaska to Calif. (2049,p67) (2567,p60) (2390)
Coll: Wash: Puget Sound region, Seattle, off Bellingham, San
Juan Islands, Str. Juan de Fuca, Coastal, Cape
' Flattery, La Push, Cape Elizabeth near Taholah,
Grays Harbor; Ore: Columbia R. mouth, Astoria,
Coastal, off Cascade Head and off Newport, Yaquina
Head, Yaquina Bay, Cape Arago (2049, p67)
Hab: Usually on sandy bottoms
Remarks: Common, slight commercial value (2049,p67); eats
crustaceans, worms and small molluscs; some eat
anchovies (2390); eggs pelagic hatched in 5 days
when water surface temp was 7-9°C (5524)
Order: Echeneiformes
Family: Echeneidae--Remoras
Remora australis Bennett (whale sucker)
Remilegia australis Bennett - (whalesucker) (2390,p205)
Dist: Vancouver Island to southern Calif; rare (2390)
Remora remora (Linnaeus) -(remora, shark sucker) (2049 , pi 38)
Dist: Warm seas north to New York and north to Vancouver Island
(2049,p!38)
Coll: B. C. : Specimen taken off a sulphur bottom whale at Seechart,
Vancouver Island, June 1907, by T. Kermode; now in
Provincial Museum ( 2049 , pi 38); Ore: Columbia River
mouth (2049; pi 38)
725
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES - Gobiesocidae
Order: Gobiesociformes
Family: Gobiesocidae--Clingfish.es
Gobiesox meandricus Girard - (Northern clingfish) (2390, p396-7), (5500)
Caularchus meandricus (Girard) (clingfish, suckfish) (2049 , p211)
Sicyogaster meandrica (Girard) (flathead clingfish) (2033, p321),(2390, p397)
Dist: S.E. Alaska to southern California (2390, p396)
Coll: B.C. (2049,p211 ); Wash: Puget Sound region, Seattle, Pt.
Ludlow, San Juan Islands (2049,p211), Coastal, Neah
Bay, Cape Flattery, Cape Johnson, La Push, Reef
opposite Quillayute Needles (2049,p211); Ore: Coastal,
Cape Falcon, Cape Foul-weather, Yaquina Head,
Ecola Rocks, Cape Arago (2049,p211); Calif: Central
(2033,p321), Pt. Arguello (2049,p211)
Hab: Marine, intertidal ( 2033 , p321)
Remarks: Clings to rocks in intertidal zone; eats small crustaceans
and molluscs (2390)
Misc: Common, no commercial value
Rimicola eigenmanni (Gilbert) - (slender clingfish) (2033, p321)
Dist: Central California (2033,p321)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p321)
Rimicola muscuram (Meek and Pierson, 1895) (kelp clingfish) (2390, p397-8),
(5500),(5520)
Dist: B.C. to southern California (2390)
Coll: B.C.: Whidby Point, Fitz Hugh Sound, Little Beach, (5520),
West coast of Vancouver Island (2390)
Hab: Inhabits littoral zone, adhering to rocks and shells; eat
small invertebrates (2390)
Remarks: Taken among algae, over fine shell, sand, stone and
rock bottom. Water 14 °C and salinity 30%o (5520)
Order: Tetradontiformes (Plectognathi)
Family: Molidae--Molas
Mola mola(Linnaeus) (Ocean sunfish) ( 2049 , p211), (2033 , p322), ( 2567 , pi49),
(2390,p400-401)
Dist: Southeastern Alaska southward in temperate and tropical
seas of Atlantic and Pacific (2049,p211),(2567 ,pl 49)
726
-------
CHORDATA - FISHES Molidae
Mola mola (continued)
Coll: Wash: Coastal, Destruction Island (2049 , p211); Ore:
Coastal, off Yaquina Head (2049, p211)
Hab: Intertidal ( 2033 , p322)
Remarks: Eats jellyfish, crustaceans, molluscs, brittlestars and
small fishes. Eggs are set free in open ocean (2390)
Order: Batrachoidiformes
Family: Batrachoididae --Toadfishes
Porichthys notatus Girard ( singing fish, midshipmsn) (2049 , p!42),
(2033, p321),( 2567, p!44),( 2390 )P39 8-9)
Dist: Sitka, Alaska to Gulf of California ( 2049 , p!42),( 2567 , pi44)
Coll: Puget Sound: St. Steilacoom, Albatross Station 4218,
Gedney Island, Saratoga Passage, Possession Sound,
Hoods Canal near Holly, San Juan Islands (2049,pl42)
Hab: Marine, lives in both shallow and deep water. Avoids bays
south of Pt. Conception (2567,p!44), occurs from intertidal
zone to 145 fms.
Misc: Common, no commercial value ( 2049 , p!42), ( 2567 , p!44).
Guards masses of pea-sized yellow eggs beneath
rocks (2033,p321), breeds in spring, adults eat fishes
and crustaceans (2390).
Class: AVES
Although every effort has been made to ensure that checklists of the
birds are complete, an exhaustive search of the literature has not
been made with respect to the biology of these groups. Many of the
species are widely distributed or migratory and the literature on them
is scattered. Furthermore, their ability to maintain a constant body
temperature makes them somewhat independent of variations in temperature
like those which might be encountered from thermal pollution.
Arenaria interpres cinclus (Pallas) (Pacific Ruddy turnstone) - (5631 ,p250)
Dist: Migrant from May 6-24 coastwise and in Sound region. More
common on Washington coast in spring (5631).
Range: Breeds from Siberia to Alaska. Migrates down Pacific coast
to Pacific islands (5631).
Remarks: Prefers rocky areas but often on sandy beach. Eats Crustacea,
worms and mollusks found under rocks (5631).
727
-------
CHORDATA - AVES
Brachyramphus marmoratum (Gmelin) (marbled murrelet) - (2341),
(2336, P83),(5631 ,p321-2)
Brachyramphus marmoratus marmoratus (Gmelin) (5631)
Dist: B.C., Washington, and Oregon (2341), (2336 ). Common resident
along coast in Sound area (5631).
Calidris canutus rogersi (Matthews) - (Pacific Knot) - (5631 , p267-8)
Dist: Spring migrant on Washington coast from April 28 - May 24.
_Cepphus columba Pallas. ( pigeon guillemot) (2341),( 5585 , p24-5),( 5631 ,
p319-20)
Cepphus columba columba (Pallas) (5631)
Dist: Arctic Ocean to Catalina Isl. , Calif. (5585)
Coll: Ore: (2341). Common resident in Puget Sound and islands of
open coast. (5631)
Remarks: Breed and nest in isolated colonies on Oregon coast. Prefer
crevice in face of cliff for nest (5585). Eggs eaten by
northwestern crow. Eats shellfish and soft sea animals.
(5631)
Cerorhinca monocerata (Pallas) - (rhinorceros auklet) (2341), (5631 ,
p327-330)
Dist: Washington and Oregon ( 5631), (2341). Common summer
resident from April through October, on islands.
Occasionally seen in winter offshore. Also seen as
migrant. (5631)
Remarks: Lay eggs in burrow. Solitary bird of open sea. Comes to
shore only to nest. Nests at night. Eats candlefish,
smelt and other fishes. (5631)
Charadius hiaticula semipalmatus (Bonaparte) Semipalmated Ringed
Plover. (5631,p243-4)
Dist: Arctic to So. America. Migrant on Puget Sound and coastwise.
Less common in spring in Puget Sound.
Remarks: Feed on mud flats at low tide. Nest on arctic coast of
America and winter in South America (5631)
Colymbus^caspicus californicus (Heerman) (American Eared Grebe) -
(5631,p58-9)
Dist: Winter on Puget Sound and from Columbia River north to Whidby
Island. Summer goes inland.
Remarks: Once hunted extensively for plumage which was used to
728
-------
CHOR DATA - AVES
Colymbus caspicus californicus (continued)
decorate hats, capes and muffs, now protected by law.
Nests in summer range. Eats aquatic insects and larvae,
Beetles, tadpoles, small frogs, shrimps and water
plants, sand-fleas (5631).
Colymbus grisegena holb611ii (Reinhardt) (Holboell Red-necked Grebe)
(5631,p54-55)
Dist: Winters in Puget Sound and along coast from Elaine and Orcas
Island, south to Columbia River (5631).
Remarks: Nests in eastern Washington in May. Eats crustaceans,
aquatic insects, mollusks, small fish or minnows,
tadpoles, salamanders and vegetable substances (5631).
Crocethia alba. (Pallas) Sanderling - (5631 , p282-83)
Dist: Winters along Arctic coast. Found along Washington coast
in spring and fall during north and south migrations.
Remarks: Occurs in flocks of a few to 500. Eats marine worms,
minute shellfish, various crustaceans, and insects.
Cyclorrhynchus psittacula (Pallas). - parakeet auklet - (2341),(5631 ,p327)
Dist: Oregon; rare in Washington (2341),(5631)
Remarks: Lays eggs on bare rock in crevice or cranny (5631)
Diomedea albatrus Pallas short-tailed albatross - (2341), ( 5631,p67-8)
Dist: British Columbia to southern California.
Coll: Ore: (2341)
\
Diomedea immutabilis Rothschild - Laysan albatross - (2341)
Dist: Ore: (2341)
Diomedea nigripes Audubon black-footed albatross - ( 2341),( 5631 , p66-7)
Dist: Well offshore. Records scanty but off Washington coast at
least from April 14 - Oct. 30. Oregon ( 2341),( 5631).
Remarks: Observed by fishing boats, which they follow looking for
scraps of fish (5631)
Fratercula corniculata (Naumann) - horned puffin (2341), (5585,pi 8-20),
(5631,p330-331)
Dist: Casual visitor along coast of Washington in winter. (5631).
Oregon (2341)
729
-------
CHORDATA - AVES
Fulmarus glacialis (Linnaeus) - fulmar - (2341),(5631 , p72-74)
Fulmarus glacialis rodgersii (Cassin)
Dist: Common migrant and winter resident off Washington coast
from Oct. 9 to April 20. (5631 ) Oregon (2341)
Remarks: Oceanic in habit. Seen shoreward only as result of
storms at sea (5631).
Gavia immer elasson (Bishop) - Common Loon - (5585, pi 2-13),(5631,
p48-51)
Dist: Northern part of Northern Hemisphere. Breeds from Alaska
to Greenland, south to Northern California and
Nova Scotia (5585)
Remarks: Seen at sea at night. Eats fish. Winters on Puget Sound
and Washington coastal waters. Eat principally fish
also frogs, small reptiles, leaches, insects and aquatic
vegetation. Indians used to eat the loon. Today
used mainly for aesthetic value (5632).
Gavia stellata (Pontoppidan) - Red-throated Loon - (5631,p52-3)
Dist: Winters on Puget Sound and along Washington coast to
Columbia River. Reaches California (5632).
Remarks: Common on salt water during spring migration. Eats
leeches, crustaceans, shrimps, insects, mollusks,
fish and fish spawn and some aquatic plants (5632).
Haematopus bachmani (Audubon)--Black Oyster catcher - (5631,p241-3)
Dist: Permanent resident on rocky coasts and offshore islets
along Washington (5631)
Remarks: Breeds on smaller outlying rocks in May and June.
Eggs preyed upon by raven. Eats mainly limpets, mussels,
chitons and young abalones, also marine worms,
crustaceans and barnacles (5631).
Larus argentatus Pontoppidan Herring gull - (2341), (5631 , p296-99), (5661)
Larus argentatus smithsonianus (Coves)
Dist: Migrant and winter resident on coast. Also found in Puget
Sound and lower Columbia River. Oregon (2341)
Remarks: Eats fish, seashore life, carrion and refuse. Along with
glaucous-winged gull, accounts for 39% loss of herring
spawn within first 3 days after spawning (5661).
730
-------
CHORDATA - AVES
Larus californicus Lawrence - California gull - ( 2341),( 5631 , p298 -299 )
Dist: Common spring, fall and winter migrant on open coast
and sounds, Oregon (2341)
Remarks: Nests inland. Eats fish, garbage, insects, and field
mice (when inland) (5631).
Larus canus Linnaeus Mew gull - (2341), (5631, p302-3)
Larus canus brachyrhynchus (Richardson) (5631)
Dist: Common spring and fall migrant and winter resident in
harbors and bays and Puget Sound and Oregon (2341)
Remarks: During rainy periods, goes inland to eat insects, worms
and mice. On coast eats fish, crabs, clams, garbage,
and cannery refuse. Also eats smelt (5631).
Note: May also be found under Larus suckleyi or Rissa septen-
trionalismt both names in disuse.
Larus delawarensis Ord ring-billed gull - (2341), (5 631 , p30l -2)
Dist: Spring and fall migrant along coast and Puget Sound, and in
Eastern Washington, Oregon (2341)
Remarks: Nests in interior. Feeding habits similar to California
gull (5631).
Larus glaucescens Naumann - Glaucous -winged gull - ( 2341),( 5631 , p292-4),
(5661)
Dist: Washington (5631). Oregon (2341)
Remarks: Common permanent resident on saltwater. Nests in
late spring and summer. Is a valuable scavenger, picking
up fish scraps from salmon canneries, garbage
dumps, and packing houses. Also feeds on smelt
during their upriver migration (5631).
Along with herring gull, accounts for 39% loss of
herring spawn in intertidal zone (5661).
Larus heermanni Cassin - Heermann's gull - (2341), (5631 , p305 -6)
Dist: Common non-breeding summer and fall visitant on sounds,
bays, and harbors (5631). Oregon (2341)
Remarks: Unusual for reversal of usual course of migration. Nests
on Pacific Coast of Mexico and then migrates north.
Feeds mainly in open water or in vicinity of kelp beds.
Food habits similar to other gulls. Also parasitizes
pelicans, stealing fish from their bills (5631).
731
-------
CHORDATA - AVES
Larus hyperboreus Gunnerus - Glaucous gull - (2341 ),(5631 , p29 1 -2)
Larus hyperboreus hyperboreus (Gunnerus)(5631)
Dist: Spring and fall migrant along coast and Puget Sound. Rare
winter visiter ( 5631). Oregon ( 2341)
Larus occidentalis Audubon - Western Gull - (2341), (5631 , p294-96)
Larus occidentalis occidentalis (Audubon)
Dist: Common permanent resident along Oregon and Washington
coast and in Puget Sound.
Remarks: Does not breed any farther North than Washington. One
breeding ground at Pacific City, Oregon. Eats small
fish, clams, mussels, sewage, garbage, and cannery
refuse; eats both eggs and young of nesting cormorants
(5631).
Larus Philadelphia (Ord) - Bonaparte's gull - (2341), (5631 , p304-5)
Dist: Common spring and fall migrant. Fairly regular winter
resident in sounds , bays, and harbors. Oregon (2341).
Remarks: Does not breed south of Cariboo district in B. C. Eats
small fishes and other surface swimming aquatic life,
also is insectivorous (5631).
Limnodromus griseus (Gmelin) Eastern Dowitcher (5631 , p275-6)
Dist: Very common on salt water in Washington from March 28 to
May 23. Common on Puget Sound from July 7 to Nov.
10. Migrate north in spring, south in fall.
Lobipes lobatus (Linnaeus) northern phalarope (2341),(5631,p287-8)
Dist: Spring and fall migrant along coast, in Washington, Oregon (2341).
Remarks: Summers from Aleutian Islands to Northern Alaska.
Eats marine worms and insects (5631)
Lunda cirrhata (Pallas) - tufted puffin - ( 2341), (561 3 , p44),( 5585),( 5631 ,
p331-2)
Dist: Bering Sea to California. Common summer resident off
coast of Washington (5631). Oregon (2341).
Remarks: Breed on islands, remains at sea all winter (5585). Usually
found 1-2 miles offshore. Active in day. Nest in
June. Eats tomcod, smelts, sardines, herring, perch,
sea-urchins, mollusks, and algae. Enemies include
eagles, waste oil, and storms (5631).
732
-------
CHORDATA - AVES
Melanitta deglandi dixoni (Brooks) Western White-winged Scoter
(5631,p!47-8)
Dist: Common migrants and -winter visitant along coast and in
Puget Sound area. Found south to Columbia River (5631).
Remarks: Eat herring eggs. Fall migration begins in October (5631).
Food habits and parasites in Humboldt Bay (3387)
Melanitta perspicilliata (Linnaeus) - surf scoter (5631 , p!48-l 50)
Dist: Migrant and winter resident in Puget Sound region and
along coast. Non breeders remain all summer any-
where on salt water (5631).
Remarks: Probably most active at night. Eat mussels (5631)
Oceanodroma furcata (Gmelin) - fork-tailed petrel- (2341),(5631,p74-5)
Oceanodroma furcata plumbea (Peale) (5631)
Dist: Rare migrant and winter visitant from October 1 to March
12, probably more common offshore.
Remarks: Nests off Oregon and Alaska (5631).
Oceanodroma leucorhoa beali (Emerson) (5631)
Qceanodroma leucorhoa (Viellot) - Leach petrel- (2341), (5631 ,p75-77)
Dist: Summer resident on Washington coast. Winters in Puget
Sound occasionally, Oregon (2341).
Remarks: Eats fish and crustaceans. Feed at night at least in
breeding season. Found in burrows of colony during
day. Formerly eaten extensively by Indians (5631).
Oidemia nigra americana (Swainson) - American black scoter - (5631,pi 50-51)
Dist: Migrant and winter visitor from Sept. 1 0 to May 1 5 in
Washington and Puget Sounds, Strait of Juan de Fuca,
in bays and along open coast. Nonbreeders observed
occasionally on saltwater in summer (5631).
Pelecanus occidentalis californicus (Ridgway) - California Brown Pelican
(563l,p79-80)
Dist: Found occasionally along coast from Columbia River to
Puget Sound, in fall and winter.
Remarks: Nests on rocky islands. Seem to feed principally on
rising tide. Eats fish (5631).
733
-------
CHORDATA - AVES
Phaethon aethereus Linnaeus - red-billed tropic-bird - (2341).(5631 , p78)
Dist: Oregon (2341)
Remarks: Accidental visitor from tropics. Breeds on island in
east tropical Pacific Ocean and in Caribbean and tropical
North Atlantic (5631).
Phalacrocorax auritus (Lesson) - doubled-crested cormorant - (2341),
(5631,p81-2)
Phalacrocorax auritus concinatus (Brandt) (5631)
Dist: Permanent resident along open coast. Does not breed
south of Granville Arch. Oregon (2341).
Remarks: Nests early in May (5631).
Phalacrocorax pelagicus Pallas Pelagic cormorant (2341),( 5631,p86-88)
Phalacrocorax pelagicus resplendens (Audubon)
Dist: Common permanent resident all along coast. Breeds from Cape
Flattery south to Cape Disappointment, and islands
off Washington and Puget Sound. Oregon (2341)
Remarks: Nests in May. Eats herring, smelt, flounders, bullheads,
and other bottom fish, found in flocks. Nest on rocky
islands (5631).
Phalecrocorax penicillatus (Brandt) - Brandt's cormorant - (2341),
(5631,p83-4)
Dist: Permanent resident in Wash, -waters. Breeds along coast and
in San Juan Islands. Oregon (2341)
Remarks: Travel in flocks of 4-10. Found up to 1 0 miles from shore.
Individuals observed among kelp beds or on rocks.
Some eat flounders.
Phalaropus bulicarius (Linnaeus) red phalarope - (2341), (5631 , p285)
Dist: Spring and fall migrant along coast. Oregon (2341)
Remarks: Usually found well offshore. Abundant in open ocean,
rarely seen on beach (5631).
Ptychoramphus aleutica (Pallas) - Cassin's auklet ( 2341), (5585 , p20)
Ptychoramphus aleuticus aleuticus (Pallas) - No. Cassin Auklet -
(5631, p324)
Dist: Aleutian Islands to 27° lat. in California. Oregon (2341).
Summer resident from May to August on islands off west
coast of Washington, winters in open sea offshore (5631).
734
-------
CHORDATA - AVES
Ptychoramphus aleutica (continued)
Remarks: Travel in pairs. .Active at night. Eggs laid in May
and June in burrows on rocky islands. Eat copepods and
shrimp also tiny fish. One of the worst enemies is
a Tapeworm. (5631)
Puffinus bulleri Salvin - New Zealand shearwater - (2341),(5631)
Dist: Rare in No. Pacific. Nests near North Island, New Zealand
(5631). Oregon (2341).
Puffinus carneipes^ Gould - pale-footed shearwater - (2341 ),(5631 ,p70)
Dist: Breeds in Australia and New Zealand. Found in No. Pacific
in our summer (5631). Oregon (2341)
Puffinus creatopus Coues - pink-footed shearwater - (2341), (5631 , p71)
Dist: Common off coast of Washington in summer (5631).
Oregon (2341).
Remarks: Eats fish ( 5631).
Puffinus griseus (Gmelin) - sooty shearwater - (2341 ), ( 5631,p68-9)
Dist: Nests in New Zealand and Cape Horn in our winter. Migrates
to North Pacific in April and May and remains
until October. Oregon (2341)
Remarks: Remain in flocks and feed on schools of small fish (5631)
Puffinus tenuirostris (Temminick) slender-billed shear-water - (2341),
(5631^69^70)
Dist: Breeds in southern Hemisphere and migrated to No.
Hemisphere (5631). Oregon (2341).
Rissa brevirostris (Bruch) - red-legged kittiwake - (2341),(5631 , p674)
Dist: Extremely doubtful record for Washington (5631)
Oregon (2341).
Rissa tridactyla (Linnaeus) black-legged kittiwake -( 2341),( 5631 , p306-8)
Dist: Occasional spring and fall migrant and winter resident
in Juan de Fuca. Rare on open sea (5631). Oregon (2341).
Stercorarius longicaudus Viellot - long-tailed jaeger (2341)
Dist: Oregon (2341 )
735
-------
CHORDATA - AVES
Stercorarius parasiticus( Linnaeus) parasitic jaeger - (2341),(5631 , p289-290)
Dist: Found in Puget Sound and Washington bays and over open ocean
during spring and fall migrations. Oregon (2341).
Remarks: Attacks flocks of gulls forcing them to disgorge recently
consumed fish. Then eats the pieces of fish (5631).
Stercorarius pomarinus (Temminck) - pomarine jaeger - (2341),(5631 ,
p288-289)
Dist: Rare migrant from Arctic regions (5631). Oregon (2341).
Sterna forsteri Nuttall Forster's tern - (2341), (5631 , p309-1 0)
Sterna forsteri forsteri (Nuttall) (5631)
Dist: Summer resident in a few areas of Washington. Oregon
(2341). Found on lakes only in Pacific Northwest.
Breeds on sea coast on Atlantic seaboard. (5631)
Sterna hirundo Linnaeus - common tern ( 2341), (5631 , p311 - 1 2)
Sterna, hirundo hirundo ( Linnaeus) ( 5631)
Dist: Spring and fall migrant coastwise and on Puget Sound in
Washington. Oregon (2341).
Sterna paradisaea Pontoppidan Arctic tern - (2341), (5631 , p31 2-1 3)
Dist: Probably uncommon migrant in Washington. (5631). Oregon
(2341).
Synthliboramphus antiquus (Gmelin) ancient murrelet - ( 2341),( 5585 , p22-3),
(5631,p323-4)
Dist: Coast of North America. (5585). Oregon (2341).
Fairly common migrant and winter resident on Puget
Sound and coast. (5631)
Remarks: Breeds from Aleutians to Near Island. Winters from
Aleutians to San Diego, Calif. (5585). Eggs deposited
singly in holes in banks along coast or on islands.
Breed on Carroll Island in Washington (5631).
Uria aalge (Pontoppidan) - common murre - (2341), (5631 , p317-19)
Uria aalge mornata^Salomonsen) (5631)
Dist: Common permanent resident along coast. Oregon (2341).
Remarks: Breeds in June and July. Nests in large colonies. Lay
egg on bare rock, eats small fish, marine worms and
other invertebrates. No evidence pointing to depradations
on food fish (5631).
736
-------
CHORDATA AVES
Uria troile californica (H. Bryant) - California murre - (5585,p?6-7)
Dist: North Pacific coast. Winters from Aleutians to Santa Monica,
Calif. , breeds in Norton Islands to Farallons, Calif.
(5585)
Remarks: Occurs in great colonies. Lays a single egg on bare rock.
Xema sabini (Sabine) Sabine's gull - (2341), (5631 , p308-9)
Xema sabini sabini (J. Sabine) (5631)
Dist: Rare spring and fall immigrant along the ocean coast
(5631). Oregon (2341).
Class: MAMMALIA
Although every effort has been made to ensure that checklists of the
mammals are complete, an exhaustive search of the literature has not
been, made with respect to the biology of the groups. Many of the species are
widely distributed or migratory and the literature on them is scattered.
Furthermore, their ability to maintain a constant body temperature
makes them somewhat independent of variations in temperature like
those -which might be encountered from thermal pollution.
Balaenoptera acutorostrata (Lacepede) - little piked whale - (2395,p!4),
(2336,p30-31), (2341), (5632), (2962)
Dist: Western North Pacific from Bering Sea south at least to
waters off Baja California (2395,pl4)
Remarks: Usually seen alone. Eats herring, sandlance, and other
small fishes (3804).
Baleanoptera borealis (Lesson) - pollack whate ( 2395 , p!4),( 5632),( 2962)
(sei whale)
Dist: Western North Pacific from Bering Sea south at least to
waters off Baja California (2395, pi4)
Balaenoptera physalus (Linnaeus) common finback whale - (2395, p!4),
(2341),(5632),(2962)
Dist: Western North Pacific from Bering Sea south at least to
waters off Baja California (2395,pl4), common off
Pacific coast.
Berardius bairdii (Stejneger) - baird beaded whale - (2395, p!3),(2962)
Dist: Bering Sea south to near Ferndale, Humboldt County and Santa
Cruz and Monterey Bay, Calif. (2395,p!3)
737
-------
CHORDATA - MAMMALIA
j^allorhinus ursinus cytiocephalus (Walbaum) - fur seal - (2395,p!8),
(5632,p400-401),(5674), (5682)
Dist: Along entire west coast of Oregon north to Bering Sea and
south to Ventura County, Calif. (2395, pi8)
Remarks: Usually found 10-50 miles off coast of Calif. , Ore. ,
Wash. , in open ocean in -winter. Breed in Pribilof
Islands (5632); migration to Pribilofs in June; there the
cows give birth to a single pup and are bred again.
Males do not eat during breeding season (about 2
months), gestation is 12 months; female may travel
up to 100 miles for food. Killer whales and large
sharks take many young seals,20% mortality due to
nematode infections. Natural mortality in first
year may be 70%. (5674)--! 500 stomachs examined,
60% were empty. Herring is principal food during spring.
In order of frequency, the 10 most important foods are:
squid, pollack, herring, crustaceans, seal fish, salmon,
rockfish, lamprey, greenling and cod. Seals must
fast in summer or empty alimentary tract before coming
ashore. Infants nurse on land for 4 months, take 1
quart milk at feeding. Fishermen have found seals at
depths of 240-600 ft. (5682)--99% of stomach contents
of 148 mature females collected in March and January
was Clupea pallasi.
Delphinus bairdii (Pall) - Baird's dolphin (2395 , pi 3),( 2962)
Dist: Rare, in Eastern North Pacific recorded from Pacific Beach,
Wash, and points along southern California (2395, pi3).
Enhydra lutris (Linnaeus) - Sea Otter (2336,p38-9)
Dist: Rare, Aleutian area and southern Calif.
Remarks: Almost entirely aquatic. Eats mainly sea urchins and
molluscs. Frequents kelp beds. One young born in
April or May. Life spans about 8 years (2336)
Eschrichtius gibbosus (Erxleben) Gray whale, baleen whale -(2395,
P14),(5506)
Dist: Eastern North Pacific from Bering Strait and Bering Sea south
to Lagoons of Baja California (2305,pl4)
Remarks: Migrate north in Feb. (Off Wash, and B. C.) ending in
May. Migrate south in December and January. Stay
fairly close to shore. Do not seem to follow ocean
738
-------
CHORDATA - MAMMALIA
Eschrichtius gibbosus (continued)
currents. In feeding grounds in Bering and Chukchi
Seas, eat benthic or near benthic organisms, mostly
amphipods. Are in rather shallow water here (5506).
Eschrichtius glaucus - gray whale ( 5632 , p326-329 )
formerly Rhachianectes glaucus
Dist: Arctic to southern California and Mexico.
Remarks: Filter feeder. Migrate south from Arctic during
December and January to breed in lagoons in
Baja California and Mexico. Half females breed each
season since gray whale gives birth only once in
every 2 years. Gestation period of 1 2 months. Middle
of March to Middle of May., start northward migration.
In breeding lagoons in southern Calif, eat herring.
In Arctic waters eat amphipods.
Eubalaena sieboldii (Gray) Pacific right whale -( 2395 , p!4),( 5632), (2962)
Dist: Eastern North Pacific from Alaska south to coast of Oregon.
(2395,p!4)
Eumetopias jubata (Schreber) Stellar sea lion, northern sea lion (2395,
pi8), (551 2), ( 2336, p34-5),( 2341), (5632), (5682), (5641)
Dist: Bering Sea south along Pacific coast of North America to
lower California but mostly north of San Francisco.
One was captured in a pasture near Oregon City, Oregon
over 150 km. from the ocean. ( 2395 , pi 8), ( 5641)
Colonies on rocks near Golden Gate, Calif; Sea Lion
Caves, Ore and other nearshore rocks.
Remarks: Pups born from late May to late June. Mating takes place
in first week of July, more than 70% of sexually mature
females are pregnant in any one year. Natural mortality
is slight among pups. (5512). Eat lampreys, squid,
sand lance, pollack, flounders, sculpins, cod, herring,
small sharks, skates, perch and various, scrapfish and
small amounts of salmon, halibut, and sable fish. Eat
much eulachon during spawning migrations of fish. One
pup born with female. Suckled for 3 months. (2336). Found
in remote, rocky places. Breed on the Farallons and
Ano Nuevo Island off Central Calif. In 1938, 2000 lived on
Channel Island off Calif. , but this declined to 50 in I960.
Presumably due to rising temp, of Calif, coastal waters.
Channel Islands are the southern limit of this animal
(5632), No scientific evidence to support idea they are
detrimental to fishing industry (5632).
739
-------
CHORDATA - MAMMALIA
Eumetopias steller!
see Eumetopias jubata
Globicephala scammonii (Cope) - Pacific blackfish - ( 2395 , p!4), ( 2692)
Dist: Eastern North Pacific from Alaska to Gulf of California (2395,pl4)
Grampidelphis griseus (G. Cuvier)- grampus - (2395 , p!3), (2341)
Dist: Eastern North Pacific, possibly Oregon Coast (2395 , pi 3)
Kogia breviceps (Blainville) - pigmy sperm whale - (2395, pi 3), (2693)
Dist: Eastern North Pacific from Grayland, Wash, south to
Sinaloa, Mexico. (239 5 , pi 3)
Lagenorhyrichus obliquidens (Gill) - Pacific white-sided porpoise
(2395, P13), (2692)
Dist: Eastern North Pacific, from Alaska southward off coasts
of Pacific coast states (2395,p!3)
Lissodelphis borealis (Peale) - right whale porpoise - (2395 , p!3), (2341),
(2962)
Dist: North Pacific, recorded approximately 500 miles off
mouth of Columbia Eiver, Oregon (2395, pi 3)
Lutra canadensis (Schreber) river otter (2336,p36-7)
Remarks: Live in dens close to water. Eat crabs, occasionally a
fish or bird. One to five young born in March or April
after gestation period of 2 months (2336)
Megaptera novaeangliae (Borowski) - humpback whale ( 2395 , p!4), ( 2336,
P2-9),(2341),(5632),(2962)
Dist: Eastern North Pacific from Bering Sea to Gulf of Panama (2395,
p!4), Commonest whale off Pacific coast (5632)
Remarks: Breed in winter, one young born at a time. Eat mainly
euphasiids, probably also takes small fish (2336).
Mesopladon stejnegeri (True) - Pacific beaked whale - ( 2395 , pi 3), (2962)
Dist: Rare, north Pacific south from Bering Sea to South Beach,
Yaquina Bay near Newport, Oregon (2395, pi 3)
740
-------
CHORDATA MAMMALIA
Mirounga angustirostris (Gill) (elephant seal) (2395, pi 8), (23 41 ),
(5632,P407-8)
Dist: Baja California north, casually beyond northern California
as far north as Vancouver and Prince of Wales,
Alaska. (2395, p!8)
Remarks: Breed and live in subtropical waters, southern California
and Mexico, but stray to Alaska. Males fast during
breeding season, December to March. Eat dogfish
shark, rat fish, and squid. Large eyes seem to
indicate seals hunt and feed below 300 ft. Main
enemies are large sharks and killer whales, man,
and parasites.
Orcinus orca Linnaeus (killer whale) ( 2341),( 5632)
Dist: Oregon (2341 ). All oceans (5632)
Remarks: Frequently hunt in packs and kill baleen whales. Hunt
aquatic birds, seals, and porpoises (5632).
Qrcinus rectipinna (Cope) - Pacific killer whale - ( 239 5 , pi 3), ( 2336 , p23-24)
(2962)
also known as Grampus rectipinna (Cope)
Dist: In eastern North Pacific; recorded from Bering Sea points
south to coast of California (2395, pi 3)
Coll: B. C. : Cherry Point, Vancouver Island (296?); Wash: San
Juan Islands(1929), Stanwood (193 0), Vancouver (1931),
(1940), Camano Isl. (1940), St. John1 s (1942), Copalis
Beach (1942), Hat Island (1943 )
Remarks: Travel in groups of 2-100. Eat seals, sea lions, porpoises
fishes, squids, and sea birds. Also attack larger
whales (2692). Feed in dark, active inshore, and
rive-r mouths after nightfall.
Phoca vitulina richardii (Gray) Harbor seal ( 239 5 , pi 8), (2336 , p32-3),
(2341), (5632, p405-6), ( 29 61) life history very complete
Dist: American side of North Pacific Ocean from east Bering Sea
to northern Baja California (2395, p!8)
Remarks: Seen close to shore in shallow bays and near river mouths.
Haul out on rocky reefs or sand bars. Eat coarse
fish, crustaceans and occasionally octopus. Infrequently
take salmon; mate in summer. Gestation of 9 months
and single pup born in late May or June. Birth is on
isolated reefs or bars in mouths of rivers. Preyed upon
chiefly by man and killer whale (2336).
741
-------
CHORDATA - MAMMALIA
Phocoena phocoena Linnaeus - Harbour porpoise - (2341,p317-18)
Dist: Oregon (2341)
Remarks: Eats mainly fish. Also squid and crustaceans
Phocoena vomerina Gill - Pacific harbor porpoise - ( 2395 , p!4), (2336 ,
p25-6),(5682),(2962)
Dist: Eastern North Pacific form Bering Sea south to points off
of Mexico (2395, p!4)
Remarks: Seen in inshore waters to 20 miles out. Eats herring and
other small fish and squid. Mate in July - October.
Gestation period of 183 days. Produce 1 young. (2336)
(5682)--"a harbour porpoise taken near Port Townsend,
Wash had fed entirely on herring. "
Phocoenoides da Hi (True) - Dall porpoise - (2395, p!4), (2336, p27), (2341),
(5632,p317-18),(2962)
Dist: Eastern North Pacific from points off of Alaska south to Santa
Barbara Channel, California; recorded 30 miles off
Yaquina Head, Oregon (2395,pl4), not common except
in North (2336)
Remarks: Eats herring and other small fish (2336). Eats entirely
squid (5632).
Physeter catodon (Linnaeus) - (sperm whale) ( 2395, pi 3 ), ( 2341), ( 5632,
p314-16),(2962)
Dist: Eastern North Pacific from Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea
south to Gulf of Panama (2395, pi 3). Economically
important (5632).
Remarks: Once were highly prized and hunted for the"spermacetti, "
from a reservoir on the head. Females live in tropical
waters with calves. Males travel in summer to Arctic
waters. Live 8-9 years. Eat mainly octopus and squid
but also sharks and other fish. Today are hunted
for ambergris, used as a base for the finest perfumes
(5632).
Pseudorca crassidens (Owen) - False killer whale - (2395,p!3) (2962)
Dist: Eastern North Pacific from Puget Sound, Wash. , south to
Mexico (239 5, pi 3); pelagic, not usually found in
Northeast Pacific (2962).
742
-------
CHORDATA - MAMMALIA
Sibbaldus musculus (Linnaeus) sulphur -bottom whale , blue whale
(2395,pl4),(5632,p329-30),(2962)
Dist: Eastern North Pacific from Bering Sea south at least to waters
of Nicaragua (2395, p!4). Valuable species of
whale (2062)
Remarks: In summer are found near polar icecap. Eats krill-filter
feeder.
Steaella caeruleoalbci Meyen (2341 )
Dist: Oregon (2341 )
Stenella styx (Gray) - spotted dolphin - (239 5, pi 3)
Dist: Eastern North Pacific from Bering Sea south to 1 0 miles
south of mouth of Columbia River, Oregon (239 5, pi 3)
Tursiops gillii (Pall) - Pacific bottlenose porpoise - ( 239 5 , pi 3 ), ( 5632, p31 6-17 )
Dist: Eastern North Pacific; recorded only as far north as
Monterey, California, but possibly along Oregon coast.
(2395,P13).
Remarks: Gestation period 12-13 months. Does not breed until it
reach the age of 4 years. Eats several kinds of
shoal fish.
Zalophus californianus (Lesson) - California sea lion ( 239 5 , pi 8), ( 5527),
(~2341),(5632,p404-5)
Dist: Mexico to California; regularly found northward to central
Oregon and perhaps the mouth of Columbia River.
(2395,P18)
Remarks: Feed on sauries (5527). During breeding season, males
gather harems of around 10 cows. Mate between May
and August. Gestation 1 year. Killer whale and man are
the largest predators. No scientific evidence to bear
out claim that they are detrimental to commercial
fishing. Eat mainly non-commercial fish, mollusks,
and crustaceans. Breed from around Monterey, south.
Ranges from Mexico to Vancouver Isl. Males and
females have different patterns of movement along Calif.
coast. Males go north to around Barkeley Sound in
winter. (5632).
743
-------
CHORDATA - MAMMALIA
Ziphius cavirostris (G. Cuvier) - Cuvier's beaked whale - (2395,p!3)
Dist: Eastern North Pacific; Alaska to San Diego; recorded
from Oceanlake, Lincoln County, Oregon ( 2395 , pi 3)
744
* U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1971-442-964/^55
------- |