WATER POLLUTION CONTROL RESEARCH SERIES
16110 FRU 12/71-6
    The River Basin Model:
         ASSESSMENT  DEPARTMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

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          WATER POLLUTION CONTROL RESEARCH SERIES
The Water Pollution Control Research Series describes the
results and progress in the control and abatement of pollution
in our Nation's waters.  They provide a central source of
information on the research, development,  and demonstration
activities in the water research program of the Environmental
Protection Agency, through in-house research and grants and
contracts with Federal, state, and local agencies, research
institutions, and industrial organizations.

Inquiries pertaining to Water Pollution Control Research Reports
should be directed to the Chief, Publications Branch (Water),
Research Information Division, R&M, Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D. C.  20460

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                The  RIVER BASIN MODEL:

                 Assessment Department
                            by
                 Envirometrics, Inc.
                 1100 17th  Street, N.W.
                 Washington,  B.C.  20036
                          for the
           Office  of Research and Monitoring
            Environmental  Protection Agency
                     Project #16110 FRU
                   Contract  #14-12-959
                     December, 1971
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 75 cents

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                       EPA Review Notice

This report has been reviewed by the Environmental Protection
Agency and approved for publication.  Approval does not sig-
nify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and
policies of the Environmental Protection Agency,  nor does
mention of trade names of commercial products constitute en-
dorsement or recommendation for use.
                              ii

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                 ASSESSMENT DEPARTMENT MANUAL
  I.   Introduction to the Model 	     1

      A.   Brief Description of the Model	     1
      B.   The Three Sectors	     2

          1.   The Economic Sector	     4
          2.   The Social Sector 	     5
          3.   The Public Sector	     6

      C.   The Water Component	     8
      D.   The Local System	„	     8
      E.   The Unit of Time--A Round	    10
      F.   The Function of the Computer	    11

 II.   The Government Sector	    13

      A.   Introduction to the Sector	    13
      B.   Sector Functions 	    13
      C.   Administrative (Non-Decision)  Functions	    15
      D.   Government Decisions	    15
      E.   Government Output	    15
      F.   Government Budgetary Procedures	    18
      G.   Government Master Table	    21

III.   Assessment Department	    22

      A.   Introduction	    22
      B.   Summary	    23

 IV.   Computer Printed Output Description	    25

      A.   Introduction	    25
      B.   Map Output	    27

          1.   Economic Status Map	    30
          2.   Government Status Map	    33
          3.   Socio-Economic Distribution Map	    35
          4.   Demographic Map	    37
          5.   Topographical Restriction Map 	    39
          6.   Social Decision Maker Map	    41

      C.   Summary Information	    43

          1.   Demographic and Economic Statistics	    43
                                     ill

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     D.  Assessment Department Output	  48

         1.  Tabular Output   Assessment Report	  48
         2.  Map Output.	  48

             a.  Market Value Map	  50
             b.  Assessed Value Map	  52
             c.  Farm Assessed and Market Value Map	  54

 V.  Assessment Department Decisions	  56

     A.  Summary of Decisions	  56
     B.  Input Format	  57
     C.  Sample Decisions 	  62

         1.  Order for Decisions	  64
         2.  Undeveloped Land Code 	  64
         3.  Dollar Assessment Decisions	  64

VI.  Master Sheets for the Assessment Department	  65

 Appendix A - Sequence of Computer Print-Out	  66
                                    iv

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I.  INTRODUCTION  TO THE MODEL

    A.  Brief Description of the Model

        In a sense, the RIVER BASIN MODEL is a misnomer
because if one places an emphasis on "River" it leads one
to believe that the model is primarily concerned with
water management.  The emphasis should be placed on "River
Basin", and that term should be interpreted'in its broadest
context as meaning a geographical area of land.  Through
its two major components -- human interaction and coir.puter
simulation — the model represents the economic, social
and governmental activity that takes place within the
geographical boundaries defined by the river basin or more
simply by a group of continguous counties.

        The model is unlike most other simulation or human
interaction models.  It was not designed to accomplish any
one specific purpose.  Rather it was designed to let its
users represent the major economic, social, and govern-
mental decision-makers who cause a regional system to
function and change on a year-to-year basis.  As part of
the functioning of this regional system, water is demanded
by industries and municipal water suppliers and pollution
is generated by manufacturing and commercial activities, by
people, and by farm activities.

        The model is a computer-assisted decision-making
tool, in which a number of computer programs simulate major
processes that take place in the local system such as
migration, housing selection, employment, transportation,
shopping patterns,the allocation of leisure time, and water
quality determination.  Users of the model provide inputs
to these programs on behalf of business activities in the
economic sector, groups of people or population units in
the social sector, and government departments in the
government sector.

        Normally, the users of the model are assigned
decision-making responsibility for businesses, population
units, and government departments in a gaming format.
This means that users become members of teams that are
assigned control of:

        1.  Economic Assets:  cash, land, manufacturing
            plants, outside investments, commercial
            activities, and/or residences.

        2.  Social Assets:  population units that are
            designated as high income, middle income,
            and/or low income.

                            1.

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        3.  Government Assets:  power of the budget, taxing
            and assessing authority, service responsibility,
            and planning and regulatory power.

        The computer print-outs for a year provide a de-
tailed description of the regional area represented by the
model, and  the users of the model evaluate this status as
individuals, as team members, and collectively to define
problems, establish objectives, develop strategies, imple-
ment plans, and react to feedback from the new computer
printout for the next year.

        The initial starting position shows a particular
set of allocations of the locals system's resources and
their effects on the status of the local area.  The users
of the model evaluate their own particular status within
the local system as well as the status of the area as a
whole.  They then interact with one another in a dynamic
decision-making environment in which they collectively have
control over the local water quality decisions that will be
made, implemented, and reacted to.  Some of the model play-
ers may have apparently only marginal interests in the local
water quality issues because they are pre-occupied with
running schools, building roads, earning incomes, producing
manufactured goods, building housing, and supplying local
goods and services.  Others will have maybe more interest
as they attempt to be elected into public office, run the
planning department, collect taxes, recreate, and develop a
generally pleasant environment for their new residential
subdivisions.  Still others might have a direct and pressing
interest in the local water quantity and quality as they
attempt to set and enforce water quality standards, supply
municipal water, use surface water in their production
process, and benefit from major water-based recreation areas.

        In short, the entire local system is represented by
the model and its users, and water decisions are placed
within their realistic context of having different importance
to different individuals as a function of their occupation,
location, resources, and personal inclinations.

    B.  The Three Sectors

        The model contains three basic decision-making sectors:
economic, social and public.  (Figure 1)   Every city or region
contains these three vital sectors whose interactions cause
the area to function and to either grow and' prosper or stagnate
and decay.   Decisions made by one group ultimately affect others
                            2.

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                                       Figure  3

                THREE DECISION-MAKING SECTORS AND CONSTITUENT TEAMS
ECONOMIC TEAMS
(Identified by single letter
codes: A, B, C, etc.)
INDUSTRIAL DECISION-MAKER

  Hi-Heavy Industry
    FL-Furniture and Lumber
    SG-Stone Clay and Glass
    MP-Primary Metals
    MF-Fabricated Metals
    NL-Nonelectric Machinery
    EL-Electric Machinery
    TE-Transportation Equipment

  Li-Light Industry
    FO-Food
    TA-Textiles  and Apparel
    PA-Paper
    CR-Chemicals, Plastics and Rubber

  NS-National Service
COMMERCIAL DECISION-MAKER

  BG-Business Goods
  BS-Business Services
  PG-Personal Goods
  PS-Personal Services

RESIDENTIAL DECISION-MAKER

  RA-Single Family
  RB-Garden Apts. and Duplex
  RC-Multiple Unit and High Rise
      GOVERNMENT TEAMS
      (Identified by the specific
      code preceding the depart-
      ment name)

CH-Chairman of Jurisdiction

CO-Councilman

AS-Assessment and Finance

SC-School

MS-Municipal Services

UT-Gas,  Electric, Water and Sewer

HY-Highways

BUS-Bus  Company

RAIL-Mass Transit Agency

PZ-Planning and Zoning
       SOCIAL TEAMS
       (Identified by double letter
       codes: AA, BB, CC, etc.)
 PH-High Income

 PM-Middle Income

 PL-Low Income

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 and. one group often works  against another  group to
 achieve its goals.   For example,  proposed  commercial
 developments by an  economic  group in a predominantly
 residential area can be blocked by residents  of that
 area just as proposed changes  by  the government depart-
 ments can be opposed by those  participants in the  economic
 or social sector.
  1.  The Economic Sector

      Economic decision-makers are  those businessmen who
operate industrial, commercial,  residential  and  farm  es-
tablishments.  Upon receiving output at the  beginning of
the round economic decision-makers review  their  economic
status and make  decisions  for the  present  round.   The
various economic activities  in  the model have  the  following
characteristics:

      Basic Industry

      Heavy Industry,  Light Industry and National Services
spend money  for  business goods  and business  services,  utilities,
a labor force, transportation,  and taxes.  In  order to
produce basic industry output which is then  sold to the
national markets at prices determined by national  business
conditions (the  computer), owners of basic industries  can
make  a wide variety of decisions.  These decisions include
purchasing land, changing  salaries or maintenance  levels,
boycotting business goods  and business services  establish-
ments, acquiring laons, building new businesses, upgrading
existing businesses,  demolishing old ones, and treating
effluents that are dumped  into  the local water system.

      The basic industry of the  economy can be  further  sub-
divided into the following categories:

      HI. - Heavy  Industry

          FL - Furniture and lumber
          SG - Stone, clay and  glass
          MP - Primary metals
          MF - Fabricated metals
          NL - Non-electrical machinery
          EL - Electrical machinery
          TE - Transportation equipment
                             4.

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     LI - Light Industry

          FO - Food
          TL - Textile, apparel and leather
          PA - Paper
          CR - Chemicals, plastics, and rubber

     NS - National Services

     Commercial Establishments

     Business goods  (BG) and business services (BS), per-
sonal goods  (PG) and personal services  (PS) spend money
on many of the same items as basic industry in order to
maintain a level of service capacity.  This service capacity
is consumed or partially consumed by local customers which
include:  the industrial sector, other commercial estab-
lishments and the population units (Pi's) who live in the
city.  Owners of the commercial establishments may make
most of the decisions that owners of basic industries make
in addition to setting prices for their products.

     Residences

     Single-family  (RA), townhouse (RB), and high-rise  (RC)
residence units spend money on personal goods and personal
services, utilities, and taxes, and earn income based on
rent charged and the number and type of occupants residing
in their housing units.  Owners of residences may make the
same types of decisions made by owners of basic industry
in addition to setting the rent paid by their tenants.

     Farms

     Farm owners make very few decisions aside from how
their land will be utilized and what level of fertilizer
use they will employ.

  2   The Social Sector

     Decision-makers in the social sector represent the
citizens who live and work in the simulated area.  People
are represented in terms of population units  (Pi's) .  Each
population unit represents fixed numbers of people  (500).
Population units are divided into three socio-economic
groups:  high income (PH), middle-income (PM) and low-
income (PL).   Because each class possesses its own ex-
pectations and behavioral patterns, each will have different
preferences for residence, job, and schooling, etc.  Social
decision-makers can vote on behalf of the Pi's which they
represent.  Voting power is dependent upon the number of

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population units controlled,  the number of registered voters
in each, and their socio-economic class.  Social decision-
makers can also direct the population units under  their  con-
trol to boycott places of employment or shop  locations.
Social decision-makers can also allocate  leisure time of
their population units to be  spent in any of  four  basic
activities:  extra work, adult education  (public or private),
politics, and recreation.  The amount of  time spent on each
of these activities has an effect on the  socio-economic
status and/or the dissatisfaction index of people  living
within the city.

     A significant part of the model centers around how
Pi's function within the local system during the course
of each round of play which represents one year of time  in
the  local area.  Figure 2 shows the actions of Pi's as they
are  affected by the major operating programs.
  3.  The Public Sector

     In the model, the government sector deals with the
problems of education, highways, municipal services,
planning,  zoning, utilities, water supply and quality and
bus and rail transportation.  The public sector is divided
into two basic components.  The first component includes
elected officials:  the Chairman and the Council.  These
officials  are elected by the social decision-makers repre-
senting the people who live in each jurisdiction.  The
Chairman and Council set tax rates, approve budgets, grant
subsidies  and appropriations, and make appointments.
Appointed  officials named by the Chairman are heads of these
six governmental departments:  Assessment (AS), Schools  (SC) ',
Municipal  Services (MS), Highway (HY), Planning and Zoning
(PZ), and  Utilities (UT).  The Bus and Rapid Rail Companies
are semi-private organizations which also may be appointed
by the Chairman.  Players representing these departments
make decisions which include allocating capital and current
funds, changing salaries and maintenance levels, requesting
federal-state aid, changing district boundaries, con-
structing  or demolishing public buildings, upgrading public
buildings, changing levels of service, and transferring
cash between accounts.

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                       Figure 2

     Example, of How Population Units Are Affected by the
         Major Operating Programs of the Model
Major Operating
    Programs
          Effect on Population Unit
Migration
Water System
Depreciation
Employment
Transportation
School Allocation
Park Allocation
Time Allocation
Commercial Allocation
Pi's move to the local system, find
and change housing within the local
system, leave the local system.

Poor water quality incareses dis-
satisfaction and high coliform count
increases health costs and time lost
due to illness.

Housing that depreciates becom.es less
attractive in the migration process.

Pi's are assigned to full and part
time jobs that maximize net income
(salary minus transportation costs),
employers search for best educated
workers .

Pi's travel to work by the mode and
route that minimizes total costs
(dollar plus time), Pi's travel to
shopping along the minimum cost routes

Students of Pi's are assigned to
public or private schools based upon
the quality of public schools.

Pi's are assigned to parks within a
specified distance of where they live.

Involuntary expenditures of leisure
time are calculated as a function of
the success of getting part time
jobs, public adult education and the
time spent on transportation.

Pi's are assigned to stores at which
the total costs are minimized  (price
plus transportation to the store).
                             7.

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    C.  The Water Component

        The water component is a subsector that, in a sense,
cuts across the other three sectors or is a part of each.
For example, some of the industrial activities in the econo-
mic sector use surface water in their production process
and all other economic businesses have some need for munici-
pally supplied water.  Population units in the social sector
use water as a function of their income class and the type
of housing they inhabit.  In the government sector, the
Utility Department is responsible for supplying the municipal
water needs of the residents of its jurisdiction.

        Each of the surface water users requires a specified
quality of water and must either treat the water they intake
or purchase water from a source outside of the local system.
Every water user adds some pollutants to the water it
returns to the water system.  If left untreated, these water
discharges may lower the quality of water of the body of
water into which they are dumped.  Since water users and
polluters are located in a geographical space, acitivities
upstream and downstream are affected differently by the
dynamically created water quality conditions.

    D.  The Local System

        The particular regional configuration being used is
represented on a grid map consisting of 625 squares.  Each
square is of equal size and represents 6.25 square miles,
2.5 miles on a side.  The grid and all of the computer maps
are keyed to a coordinate system.  Each parcel can be
identified by its coordinates.  Horizontal coordinates
range from 70 to 118 and vertical coordinates from 12 to 60.
Intersections are identified by the odd-numbered coordinates
and highways are identified by even-odd (east-west) or odd-
even  (north-south)  coordinates.  In all cases, the
horizontal coordinate (i.e., the larger number)  is identi-
fied first.

        For example, on the map in Figure 3 the shaded
parcel is identified as 7014.   Further, the four mile
highway indicated by ZZZ is identified as 7217,  7417, 7617,
7817, while the two mile highway indicated by XXX is
identified as 7318, 7320.  The intersection marked by 0
is located at 7317.

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                      Figure 3
       70   72    74    76   78    80    82   84    86
   +....+....+....+. ...+....+...,*..*-+....+-...+
   *     ••••*••••
L C. »     *     •     *     •      •     *     •      *     •



1 'T' • ^    ' *     •     •     ••      •     *     •      •
   • .-••     •     •     •      •     #     *      *
     / y,  - J'
   •     «•«•••••
1.O*     •     •     *     -»      •     *     •      *


         •

              x
   •     *     •
   + ..,.+	?.....
              X
   •     •••*•»•*•
on            X
c. w •     *     •     *     *      •     •     •      •     •
              X
   •     *«*•**»**

   *»••»*•*••


   "•"« « ***<*• •••'• •» ••- • •-"'"» « * •"•• •••*"• * ••*«•* * * T • * • • *
   •     *••*•••*•
24 ..........
   •     *•**•••••
                         9.

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     E.  The Unit of Time — A Round

     In the model, a round represents a year of change in
the life of the simulated area.  From the standpoint of the
participants, however, a round may be thought of as a
decision-making cycle which starts when they receive their
computer output and ends when they hand in their decision
input forms for processing by the computer.

     During the early part of the typical round, decision-
makers will be simultaneously reviewing their computer out-
put and attempting to organize their possible actions.
Economic decision-makers, for example, will probably attempt
to acquire parcels of land that look good for future devel-
opment purposes.  They may attempt to secure loans from
local or outside sources, apply for zoning changes, request
utility expansions, and lobby for increased highway access.
At the same time, social decision-makers might be bargaining
for higher wages, requesting improvements in local schools
and municipal services, lobby for higher water quality in
the local river, and trying to promote those politicians
who see things their way.

     Meanwhile, the governmental decision-makers may be
receiving requests from the economic and social decision-
makers to lower taxes, improve schools, provide better
municipal services, expand highways, build additional
utilities, enlarge the park system, and improve other
services.  Budget officials are faced with the task of
finding additional revenue to meet expanding public needs
and dividing appropriations among the many local depart-
ments, all of which have attempted to justify their ex-
panding budgets.  Also the government office concerned
with water quality might be pressuring the polluting indus-
tries to treat their wastes or face regulatory action.  All
water users might be concerned with water quality and quan-
tity in so far as it affects their cost of using water and
doing business.
                              10.

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     Toward the middle of the round, it becomes clear to
many decision-makers th.at all of their requests will not
be granted.  Thus, trade-offs and bargains must be made.
Elected officials will begin to worry about staying in
office.  Departments must often plan to operate with less
funds than they had requested.  Low income representatives
attempt to make their political power felt.  High-income
representatives attempt to maintain their status.  Business-
men begin to look for short-cuts to reduce their losses and
increase their activity and profit-making ventures.  The
water quality office begins to act upon its earlier threat.

     As the round approaches a conclusion,  the participants
formalize the bargains they have made, continue to fill out
their decision forms, terminate the negotiations  on new wage
levels, new prices and new rents, carry on their boycotts
and complete any other possible actions.  All water related
decisions by the private and public decision-makers are
completed.  Treatment plants are built, industries shut down,
fine levied, sampling stations constructed, etc.

     When the round ends, participants campaign and carry
out new elections, hold town meetings, debrief their actions,
and develop new strategies while the computer performs
its functions and prepares new output on the status of the
simulated city.

     F.  The Function of the Computer

     In the model, players are able to exercise a number of
decision  alternatives.  Only some of these will be com-
municated to the computer, the rest will be part of the con-
stant communication, bargaining and negotiating carried
out in the game-room itself.

     The computer performs several major functions in the
model.

     First, it stores all the relevant economic, social
and governmental statistics for the area; updates data
when changes are made; and prints out yearly reports on the
status of the local system and reports for the economic,
social, and government decision-makers.

     Second, the computer simulates the actions of the out-
side system.  For example, the computer simulates both a
national business cycle, the probabilities of federal-state
aid and interest rates on most loans.
                               11.

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     Third,  the computer performs certain routine functions
or processes that would be time-consuming if the players
themselves were to perform them.   For example, the computer
assigns workers from population units to jobs under the
assumption that workers will attempt to earn as much money
as possible.  Other processes include assessing all property,
assigning buyers of goods and services to shop at particular
commercial establishments, assigning children to public or
private schools based upon the capacity and quality of the
public schools, and assigning population units to residences
based on their desirability.  The computer also simulates
the migration process which moves population units into,
out of, and within the local system.  It also measures
all of the types of pollution at all points along the river
system and calculates a comprehensive water quality index.
                            12.

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               II.   THE GOVERNMENT SECTOR

A.  Introduction to the Sector

        The GOVERNMENT SECTOR represents the management ap-
   paratus for the public sector of the area represented by
   the model.  Participants in this Sector are the elected and
   appointed public officials.  The Government Sector can make
   public policy, implement plans and programs, provide public
   services and raise and disperse funds.  The model is suf-
   ficiently flexible that the Government Sector can be oper-
   ated using strong central control or somewhat autonomous
   departments as determined by the participants.  There is a
   separate government apparatus for each of the political
   jurisdictions represented by the model.  Thus, intergovern-
   mental cooperation and competition may evolve during the
   play.

   Sector Functions
        Figure GV1 shows the government structure that may exist
   in each of the local systems.  The Bus and Rail Departments
   are systemwide functions, whereas the other departments oper-
   ate on a  jurisdiction basis.  As noted, the Chairman  (or
   Mayor) and Council are elected in each of the jurisdictions,
   and the department  (staff) decision-makers are appointed
   by the chairman.  The optional public departments, Utilities,
   Bus and Rail are usually part of the Government Sector, as
   quasi public functions , but  they can also be operated as
   private  (economic) sector activities either initially or as
   a result  of participant action  (public sale) .  The codes used
   to identify the government functions are shown in parentheses
   after the function name in Figure GV--1.

        Elected officials are accountable to the electorate
    (the social sector) .  They are required to respond to
   public hearings, propose and defend referenda on certain
   issues, and stand for election.  The manner in which  elected
   officials exercise power and conduct their administration
   and public affairs, however, is at their discretion.

        Appointed Department representatives are responsible
   to the Chairman and Council.  However, the presence or
   absence of effective leadership and communication may in-
   fluence this relationship and staff decisions.  The Govern-
   ment Sector decision-makers  depend for their political  life
   on the votes of the social sector.  Their relationship  with
   the business community is determined by their own view
   of public office and public  service.


                                 13

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                                              GV-1
                                      GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE
                                         CHAIRMAN (CH)
                                    Appoint Department Heads,
                                      draw up budget,  and
                                   	suggest tax rates
      ELECTED
      OFFICIALS
                                           DEPARTMENT:
      APPOINTED
      DEPARTMENTS
PLANNING
ZONING  (PZ)
Zone land
Develop
Master Plan
ASSESSMENT  (AS)
Assess Land
OPTIONAL -
  PUBLIC OR
  PRIVATE
                                                              COUNCIL (CO)
                                                            Pass on budgets
                                                             and tax rates
SCHOOLS (SC)
Provide school
service for
adults and
children
MUNICIPAL
SERVICES (MS)
Provide police,
fire, & health
services

HIGHVJAYS (HI
Build &
operate
roads &
terminals
          UTILITIES  (UT)
          Provide water
          and other
          utility service
                                                          I
                BUS
                Provide
                bus service
                                                    1
              RAIL
              provide
              rapid rail
              service

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C.   Administrative (Non-Decision)  Functions

          Any number of additional  administrative functions can
     be created to approximate local structures or to examine
     a variety of administrative mechanisms.  While these op-
     tional functions do not make direct input decisions to
     the computer, they may be created to have as much advisory,
     regulatory or "legal" influence as the participants (or
     Director)  determine.  An ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY CONTROL
     Commission, for instance, could be established to act as
     a regulatory agency in the area of water quality and as
     such could influence current economic activities and future
     development.

IX   Government Decisions

          The Government Sector decisions cover a wide spectrum
     of municipal and public service activities.   The types of
     possible decisions are listed  in Figure GV-2, with an
     indication of the individual decision-makers with primary
     interest or responsibility.  Complete descriptions are in
     each decision-maker's manual.

          In the model, as in the real world, the government can
     anticipate the emergence of pressing issues  related to jobs,
     housing, economic development, education, public transit,
     and the environmental quality  of their region.

          This issue may, for example, occur in the form of
     special zoning requests, substantial school  budgets for
     adult education, or adamant citizen demands  for clean water,
     i-ncreased recreation facilities or lower utility rates.

E.    Government Output

          It rarely happens that the government has all the in-
     formation it wants, or needs,  to make perfect decisions.
     Many decisions, under pressures of time, will be typical
     "guesstimates" - intuitive actions.  It is possible, how-
     ever, for each activity to develop an effective information
     system using the available resources in the  model.

          For the local system, the general output is usually
     posted each round and is available to all decision-makers
     for general information and analysis.  The general output
     makes available to each participant, in maps, detail and
     summary form, extensive current and comparative informa-
     tion about conditions, trends  and characteristics of the
     region.  The range of information in the maps and the items
     of General Output cannot be overemphasized.   Experience
                                 15

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                            GV-2

               GOVERNMENT  SECTOR DECISIONS

     TYPE OF DECISION                    PRIMARY INTEREST
                                   CH
                                   CO  AS  SC  MS  HY PZ UT BU RA

Grant Appropriations               x

Grant Subsidies                    x

Transfer Cash                      x      xxxxxxx

Set Welfare Payments               x

Set Tax Rates                      x

Float Bonds                        x

Assess Land,- Buildings                x

Buy and Sell Land                        x  x  x  x  x     x

Establish Government Jobs                x  x           x  x

Establish Maintenance Levels
  of Government Facilities               x  x  x        x  x

Establish Service Districts              x  x        x

Request Federal State Aid          x      x     x

Establish Employee Salaries              x  x           x  x

Build and Demolish Schools               x

Establish Adult Education  Programs       x  ,:

Build and Demolish Municipal
  Service Plants                            x

Contract to Purchase Goo>ds
  and Services                           x  x

Construct and Demolish Roads                   x

Construct and Demolish Terminals              x

Zone Land                                         x

Create and Demolish Public
  Institutional Land Uses                         x
                              16

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                       GV-2  (Cont.)

               GOVERNMENT SECTOR DECISIONS

       TYPE OF DECISION                PRIMARY  INTEREST
                                   CH
                                   CO AS SC MS HY PZ UT BU  RA

Provide Parkland                                 x

Install Utility Services                            x

Set Utility Service Prices                          x

Construct and Demolish Utility
  Plants                                            x

Locate Public Transit Routes                           x   x

Buy and Sell Rolling Stock                             x   x

Set Fares                                              x   x

Establish Amount of Transit
  Service                                              x   x

Construct Rail Lines and
  Stations                                                 x

Set Water Prices                                    x

Construct Treatment Plants
  (intake and outflow)                              x

Specify Intake and Outflow
  Points                                            x

Establish Water Sampling
  Stations

Set Dam Priorities                 x                 x
                          17

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   with the model has indicated that decisions are facilitated
   if the participants use the General Output information as
   part of their decision process.

        The complete government sector output consists of the
   information, maps and detail made available to each govern-
   ment decision-making function  of the government.  Each
   government function has available to it a comprehensive
   portrayal of its status and the conditions which pertain
   to its activities.

F.  Government Budgetary Procedures

         The  same  general  financial accounting procedure  is used
    for  all  government departments, including Utilities,  Bus
    and  Rail.   Department  budgets  are divided into Capital and
    Current  accounts.  Departments may  transfer funds  from one
    account  to  another,  but no automatic  transfers will take
    place.  Appropriations, subsidies,  and  cash transfers to
    departments  must  be  directed to either  the capital or
    current  account.

         The  Chairman's  account has only  a  current account, the
    Planning  and Zoning  Department has  only a capital  account,
    and  the Assessment Department  has no  financial accounts.
    All  other departments  have both accounts.

         The  Chairman makes appropriations, and subsidies from
    his  current  account  before he  actually  receives income to
    his  account.   His is the  only  department which makes
    expenditures before  income is  calculated.  Once a  depart-
    ment has  received an appropriation, the money is never
    automatically  transferred back to the Chairman's account.
    If the Chairman spends more than he later receives in
    revenue,  a  current bond is automatically floated in the
    Chairman's  name and  is paid off from  the Chairman's
    account.  If a department spends more than its revenues
    (this can only happen  in  a department's current account),
    a current bond is floated in the department's name and is
    paid off  from  the department's account.

         The  following format is contained  within each account:

                        Previous Cash Balance
                        Revenues
                        Expenditures
                       New Cash Balance.
                               18

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     If the output is for round T, then Previous Cash
Balance would be equal to the New Cash Balance for round
T-l.

     Expenditures may not be made from capital accounts
unless there is sufficient cash to cover the expenditure.
Therefore, the cash balance in a capital account is
always greater than or equal to zero; the cash balance in
the capital account may not be negative.

      If  expenditures  from the  current account  are  greater
 than  previous  balance plus  revenues,  then  a short  term
 bond  (current  or  two-year)  is  automatically floated  to
 cover the deficit.   Therefore,  the  New Cash Balance  may
 never be negative in  the  current  account.   Because of
 rounding, the  New Cash Balance will normally be  slightly
 positive (rather  than zero)  even  in the case where a short-
 term  bond had  to  be  floated.

      All capital  expenditures  are player or director
 decisions which have  been submitted during the previous
 EDIT.  Current expenditures  are made  according to  govern-
 ment  policies  which  may have been established  in any previous
 EDIT.  Current expenditures  (except miscellaneous  expendi-
 tures) do not  directly reflect player decisions; they  are
 functions of policies.  For  example,  a player  sets the
 salaries and number  of job  openings which  the  School Depart-
 ment  offers, but  other local conditions influence  how  many
 employees the  department  actually hires and thus influence
 the amount which  the  department pays  in salaries.

      The most  common  capital revenue  sources for departments
 are appropriations  (for MS,  SC, HY,  and PZ), capital bonding
 for 25 years  (all departments), Federal-State  Aid  (SC, HY)
 and miscellaneous sources (sale of  land, and incoming  cash
 transfers).  Special  capital revenue  sources are subsidies
 to  the Utility Department.

      The most  common  capital expenditures   are for con-
 struction,  land purchase, and  miscellaneous (outgoing  cash
 transfers).

      The most common current revenue  sources  are  appropria-
 tions (all but UT and CH),  short term  bonding.  Federal-
 State Aid  (MS and SC), and miscellaneous  income (incoming
 cash transfers).

      Special current revenue sources exist  for  the  Utility
 Department (income from  user charges on utility and water
 service  and subsidies) and  the Chairman (taxes).

                              19

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     The most common current expenditures are for bond pay-
ments (capital bonds and current bonds together), goods and
services (MS, SC, maintenance for HY, and utility operating
costs for UT), salaries (MS and SC), and miscellaneous
(outgoing cash transfers).

     Special current expenditures are for welfare payments
(MS), adult education  (SC), treatment operating  costs and
sampling station operating costs (UT) , and subsidies  (CH) .
                               20

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GOVERNMENT MASTER TABLE
CONSTRUCTION COST
(Millions of Dollars)
DEMOLITION COST
(Millions of Dollars)
CHARACTERISTICS OF
FACILITIES
Possible Levels
of Development
Land Requirement
(% of a parcel)
O
_j
Rate of Annual
Depreciation (%)
POSSIBLE SOURCES OF
REVENUE TO DEPARTMENTS
Current Funds
Appropriations
Subsidy
Cash Transfer
Automatic Bonding
Automatic Federal
State Aid
Capital Funds
Appropriations
Subsidy
Cash Transfer
Bonding
Federal-State Aid
Charges to Users
Labor Hired
(Characteristics are for Level One Development)
RAIL TRACKS (Per
PAIL UNDER-
SC MS UT HY TM STATION SURFACE GROUND
27 30 30 .8M 14 1 4 NA
5.4 6 6 . 1 6M 2 . 8M NA NA NA
33333 1 11
16 12 20 8 12 NONE 4 NONE
2.0 3.3 NA 5.0 NA NA NA NA
SC MS UT HY RAIL BUS PZ
XX X
X XX
X X X X X X
X X X X X X
X X
XXX X
X XX
X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X
X X
X XX
PH PM
PM PL NA NA PM PM NA
Mi)
VEHICLES
RAIL BUS
. 8 /mi . 4/mi
3.5 3.5

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                  IH.ASSESSMENT DEPARTMENT

A.  Introduction

        This manual contains the basic information  and  des-
   cription of the model required by the Assessment Department,
   It is assumed that the Model Overview, the Scenario,  and
   the Government Sector  descriptions have been read prior  to
   the receipt of this manual.

        Once the players comprising the Assessment  Department
   have become familiar with the model in general,  the  parti-
   cular city being represented, and the workings of the  local
   government and fiscal system they will be able to bring
   their own imagination and initiative to bear on  the  opera-
   tion of the Assessment Department in their specific  juris-,
   diction.

        The local Assessment Department is given the opportun-
   ity and responsibility for determining assessed  values of
   property within the local dynamic system and it  will have
   the chance to use this job in such a way as to satisfy
   self-established goals and/or to respond to pressures  brought
   on it by elected officials and the local citizenry and
   business community.
                              22

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 B.   Assessment Department Sui.Tmary

     The largest percentage of the revenues raised by
local governments is from the real property tax.  This tax
is calculated by multiplying the tax base  (the value of
all real property) times the tax rate:

               Base X Rate = Tax

The tax rate is set by the Chairman.  It is the responsibility
of the Assessment Department to calculate  the tax base.

     The value of real property in the model is determined
by the normal workings of supply and demand.  It is called
market value and varies according to the purchase price of
the specific parcel.  Persons who purchase land take into
account the value of the proximity of transportation access,
the availability of adequate Utility and Municipal Service
facilities, the type of zoning restrictions, and the pattern
of residential and/or commercial-industrial developments in
the area surrounding the parcel.

     The Assessment Department does not, therefore, deter-
mine value but it does determine what percentage of the
total market value of a specific parcel will be used in the
calculation Base X Rate = Tax.  To do this the Department
focuses on three properties of Market Value:   (1) property
type,  (.2) property components  (land and developments), and
 (3) property location.

     The Assessment Department may assess  land and/or devel-
opments at any rate from zero to one hundred percent of
their market value.  The department may alter the total
assessible tax base by changing the assessment ratio across
the board, changing it selectively, or changing assessments
on specific parcels of land.

     The decision-maker for the Assessment Department in
each jurisdiction is appointed by the Chairman of that juris-
diction.  Figure AS-1 shows how the Assessment Department
fits into the local government structure.
                               23

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                                              Figure AS-1

                              THE ASSESSMENT DEPARTMENT AS IT FITS WITHIN
                                   THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE
                                            CHAIRMAN  (CH)
                                       Appoint Department Heads,
                                         draw up budget, and
                                           suggest tax rates
                                      - —	 — •'- f>. • —  ... -, . , ——^... . • • • •
         ELECTED
         OFFICIALS
                                              DEPARTMENTS
IX)
-p.
         APPOINTED
         DEPARTMENTS
                           _L
PLANNING
ZONING  (PZ)
Zone land
Develop
Master Plan
I ASSESSMENT (AS)|
Assess Land
                                                                  COUNCIL (CO)
                                                                Pass  on budgets
                                                                 and  tax rates
SCHOOLS  (SC)
Provide school
service for
adults and
children
MUNICIPAL
SERVICES (MS)
Provide police,
fire, & health
services

HIGHWAYS (HY)
Build &
operate
roads &
terminals
   OPTIONAL -
     PUBLIC OR
     PRIVATE
          UTILITIES  (UT)
          Provide water
          and other
          utility service
                 BUS
                 Provide
                 bus service
              RAIL
              provide
              rapid rail
              service

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               IV.  COMPUTER  PRINTED  OUTPUT  DESCRIPTION

     A.  Introduction

         The printed computer output provides a yearly
report of the status of the simulated region and of inter-
actions within the region during the previous year.  There
are several types of output:   maps showing characteristics
of the region which differ geographically; summaries which
present information in capsulated form; and detailed
information from which the summaries are derived.

         The figure  on the next page shows the titles
of the output sections in the order in which they are
printed.  That sequence follows neither the logical order
of computer program operations nor the usual sequence in
which a user examines the output.  The code number beside
the title of each section of output listed in this figure
is the code number used in all examples of output included
in this manual.  The output is explained in this section
in order of most general to most detailed information.
Output is explained in the following order:

                  - maps
                  - summary information
                  - general information of relevance to
                    all three sectors
                  - social sector detail
                  - economic sector detail
                  - government sector detail

         There are a few standard features of all printed
output sections.  Each has a title which is a short
description of the type of information given by the section
of output.  Each also contains both the round number and
the game heading (the name of the data base being used or
some other heading input by the director).  Where relevant,
a jurisdiction number is also printed.

         After a few rounds'  experience with the model, a
model user usually needs only the printed computer output
from a round and the Master Tables and input formats con-
tained in this manual in order to play subsequent rounds.
                         25

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                          RIVER BASIN KODSt OUTPUT
1.  Migration
2.  Water System
3.  Employment
                       1.1  Environmental Indexes
                       1.2  Personal Indexes
                       1.3  Dissatisfaction Cutoffs
                       1.4  Migration Detail
                       1.5  Migration Statistics
                       1.6  Migration Summary

                       2.1  Water U:;er Effluent Content
                       2.2  niver Quality During Surface Water Process
                       2.3  Water Ujer Costa i-_nd Consumption
                       2.4  Coliform and Pollution Index Values

                       3.1  Eirployn-'nt Selection Information for PL Class
                       3.2  Employr.ont Selection Information for PK Class
                       3,3  Employment Selection Information for PI1 Class
                       3,4  Part-Tine Work Allocation for I'll Class
                       3,5  Part-Tire Work Allocation for PM Class
                       3.S  Part-Time Work Allocation for PL. Class
                       3,7  Employment Sugary
4.  Cowvrcial Allocation
                        4,1
                        4.2
                        4.3
                        4.4
                        4.5
                        4.6
5.  Social Sector
6.  Economic Sector
                       6,1
                       6.2
                       6.5
                       6.6
                                                                                                                                       Point  Source Quality
                                                                                                                                       A.vMent Quality
                                                                                                          9
                                                                                                          10
                            Personal Goods Allocation Summary
                            Personal Services Allocation Eu.Tjnary
                            Uusinesu Goods Allocation Summary
                            Business Services Allocation Summary
                            Government Contracts
                            Terminal Demand and Supply Table
8.  Government Detail  8.1  Assessment Report
                       8.2  Water Department Reports
                       8.3  Sampling" Station Report:
                       3.4  Sampling Station Report:
                       8.5  Utility Department Report
                            utility Department Finances
                            Municipal Services Department Report
                            Municipal Services Department Fi.-.a.-.ccs
                            Municipal Services Dcpartr.cnt Construction Table
                            Planning and "onir.o Department Report
                            School Department Report
                            School Dc-partment Finances
                       8.13 School Department Construction Table
                       8. 14 Highway D^partr.,cnt Finances
                       S.15 Highway Department Construction Table
                       8.10 Rail Corpany Report
                       8.17 Bun company rvjrrort
                       3.18 C':'.oirrr'.an Ueportr'ont Finances
                       3.1? 'iV.x Sur.--;>.-/
                       8.20 Financial Su~.-iiry

9.  Su-T.T.ary Statistics 9.1  Demographic and Economic Statistics
                                                                           S.G
                                                                           8.7
                                                                           8.2
                                                                           8
                                                                           8
                                                                           2.11
                                                                           8.12
                                                   10.  M.apo
                       4.7  Terminal Allocation Map

                       5.1  Dollar Value of Time
                       5.2  Social Decision-Maker Output
                       5.3  Social Uoycotts
Farm Output
Residence Output
                       6,3  Basic  Industry  Output
                       6.4  Commercial  Output
                            Economic  Boycott  Status
                            How Construction  Table
7.

                        6,7  Land SiiR.mary
                        6.8  Loan Statement
                        6.9  Financial Sunxmary

    Social and Economic Summaries
                        7.1  Number of Levels of Economic Activity Con-
                            trolled by  Teams
                        7.2  Employment  Centers
                        7.3  Economic Control Summary for Teams
                        7.4  Social Control  Summary  for Teams
                        7.5  Social Control  Summary  Totals
                        7.6  Economic Graphs for Teams
                        7.7  Social Graphs for Teams
                      10.1  Personal Goods Allocation Map
                      10.2  Personal Services Allocation Map
                      10.3  Business Commercial Allocation Map
                      10.4  .'-'.'.'.nicipal Service Map
                      10.5  School Mi?
                      10.6  Uti li ty Map
                      10.7  Water L'sano Map
                      10.8  K'jter Quality Map
                      10.9  Municipal Treatment
                      10.10 Municipal Intake and Outflow Point Map
                      10.11 Surface Water Map
                      10.12 Farm Hunoff Ma?
                      10.13 River P.asin Flood Plain Xap
                      10.14 Farm Map
                      10.15 Farm Assessed and Market Value Kap
                      10.1G Market Value Map
                      10.17 Assessed Value Mop
                      10.18 Econo.Tic Status Map
                      10 . 19 Iliahway Map
                      10.20 Planning and Zoning Map
                      10.21 Parkland Usage Map
                      10.22 Socio-economic Distribution Xap
                      10.23 Demographic Map
                      10.24 Social Decision-Maker Map
                      10.25 Topographical Restriction Map
                      10.26 Government Status V.ap

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                     B. Map Output

     The model output includes several maps which visually
represent characteristics of the simulated region which
differ by location.  The entire simulated region is repre-
sented on a single, two-page computer map.  A map key is
printed at the bottom of each page.  Map symbols appear on
a map in the three types of locations which can be specified
in the model:  parcels  (squares), parcel edges  (lines sep-
arating squares), and intersections of lines (parcel corners)
Land uses and other characteristics of parcels are repre-
sented within the squares.  Divisions between parcels such
as roads or jurisdiction boundaries are represented be-
tween parcels, and activities such as terminals are repre-
sented at parcel corners.

     The Map Titles ana a brief description of their con-
tents are given below, in the order in which they will be
discussed.  All information is located spatially.

     Economic Status Map;  economic owners, economic activ-
ities and operating levels, zoning, levels of utilities
installed, amounts of undeveloped land, road types, ter-
minal levels, jurisdiction boundaries.

     Government Status Map:  school levels, parks, municipal
service levels, utility plant levels, road types, terminal
levels, jurisdiction boundaries.

     Socio-Economic Distribution Map:  residence types and
levels, number of Pi's of each class, road types, terminal
levels, jurisdiction boundaries.

     Demographic Map:  populations, residential quality in-
dexes, business value ratios, percent occupancy, road
types, terminal levels, jurisdiction boundaries.

     Personal Goods Allocation Map;  PG shopping location
for each class and residence, PG location.

     Personal Services Allocation Map:  PS shopping loca-
tion for each class and residence, PS location.

     Business Commercial Map:  BG and BS shopping location
for each business, BG and BS locations.

     Utility Map:  utility units served, ut'ility units
installed, utility plants, utility district boundaries,
jurisdiction boundaries.
                         27

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     Surface Water Map;  volumes of surface water, rates of
flow, land area in water, directions of surface water flow,
lakes.

     Municipal Treatment Plant Map;  municipal water intake
treatment plants and levels, municipal sewage treatment
plant types and levels, utility plant locations and code
numbers, directions of surface water flow, utility district
boundaries, lakes.

     Municipal Inflow and Outflow Point Map:  Municipal
surface water intake points, municipal sewage outflow
points, utility districts served by each,  surface water
qualities, directions of surface water flow, utility dis-
trict boundaries, lakes.

     Water Quality Map;  economic activities and operating
levels, surface water qualities, directions of surface
water flow, lakes.

     Economic Sector Water Usage Map;  economic activities
and operating levels, amounts of recycling, business ef-
fluent treatment types and levels, utility district boundaries,
jurisdiction boundaries.

     Municipal Services Map;  economic activities and oper-
ating levels, municipal service units required, municipal
services and their use indexes, municipal  service district
boundaries, jurisdiction boundaries.

     School Map;  numbers of public school students, num-
bers of private school students, schools and their use
indexes, school district boundaries, jurisdiction boundaries.

     Highway Map:  economic activities and operating levels,
road types, terminal levels.

     Planning and Zoning Map:  zoning, park, public insti-
tutional land uses, road types, terminal levels, jurisdiction
boundaries.

     Parkland Usage Map;  parks, populations served by park,
park use indexes, road types, terminal levels, jurisdiction
boundaries.

     Market Value Map;  market values of all non-farm land,
privately owned buildings, and privately owned land and
buildings, road types, terminal levels, jurisdiction boundaries,
                           28

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     Assessed Value Map;  assessed values of non-farm pri-
vately owned land and buildings, road types, terminal
levels, jurisdiction boundaries.

     Farm Assessed and Market Value Map:  assessed and mar-
ket values of farms, amount of land in farms, road types,
terminal levels, jurisdiction boundaries, lakes.

     Farm Map:  farm owners, amount of land in farms, farm
types^levels of fertilization, road types, terminal levels,
jurisdiction boundaries.

     Farm Runoff Map:  where runoff from farms flows, di-
rection of surface water flow, lakes.

     River Basin Flood Plain Map;  river basins, dam
priorities, flood susceptibility of each parcel, direction
of surface water flow,lakes, jurisdiction boundaries.

     Topographical Restriction Map;  topographically unde-
velopable land, road types, terminal levels, jurisdiction
boundaries.

     Social Decision-Maker Map:  social decision-maker con-
trolling each class  living on each residence parcel, road
types, terminal levels, jurisdiction boundaries.
                          29

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                1.  Economic Status  Map

     This map shows the economic sector owners of all privately'
owned non-farm parcels and the economic activity, if any, on
each parcel.   A parcel can have only one economic owner and
one economic activity.  Owners of farm parcels are shown on
the Farm Map.  The types of economic activities represented
in the model are listed in the Master Tables.


      The economic owner of a  parcel owns  all  of  the land
 and' developments  on the parcel which do not belong  to the
 government or which are not topographically undevelopable.
 If the economic owner sells land to another economic de-
 cision-maker, he  must sell all of  the privately-owned
 land and buildings on the parcel to the new owner.   An
 economic decision-maker can sell any portion  of  undeveloped
 land on a parcel  to a government department.

      The Planning and Zoning  Department may zone parcels.
 Zoning is a  restriction on economic development.  Once a
 parcel is assigned a particular zoning code,  all new economic
 development  on the parcel must conform to the new zoning.
 If a parcel  is unzoned, there is no restriction  on  what
 type of activity  may be constructed on it.  The  Economic
 Status Map key defines what private land  uses are allowed
 under each zoning code.

      When a  new economic development is constructed on a
 parcel, it must not only conform to the parcel's zoning;
 it must have sufficient utility service.   Utilities are
 installed by the  Utility Department in "levels"  (1  - 9) .
 Each level of economic activity requires  a certain  number
 of utility units, and each level of utility service supplies
 a fixed number of utility units to a parcel.

      If an economic decision-maker has insufficient utility
 service for  a proposed development, the Utility  Department
 must install adequate utility service before  the new devel-
 opment can be constructed.*
      *There  are  two  exceptions  to  the  utility  restriction
 on development:   1)  RA housing  can be  built  with "private
 utilities",  which do not  require utilities supplied by the
 Utility Department;  2)  the  director can  override the utility
 restriction  on individual developments.
                            30

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                                                Figure
                                                                           10.18
                                                          ECONOMIC STATUS MAP                                                 »OUN1  2
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   0    •     •     -     •     •     •    •    •    .PA 3.RA 3.R4  3.RA  2RCR   .     .RB  7JRA 1.     .    .HA 7.    .    .    .    .    0
   0 100. 100. 100.  100.  100.  100. 100. 100. 100. 1 86.1 62.1  34.1  21B<)  20.   80.1  SMI  86.  100. 100.1 76. loo. 100. 100. 101. 1010
   o
                                                 I
                                                                                ittnf
                                                                                                         i
   0    .....               .C 4l|B 41. F 41MB In. 4  2084    .0  20. E  40ID 40. B 31. F 31. G MIA 31.    ...    C
   0    .....     .    .    ,R4 3|R4 4.R4  1HJ>S  1. HI-  6     .TE I. HI  4 IRA 2.     .     .    |     .    .    .    .    0
   D 100. 100. 100.  100.  100.  100. 100. 100. I 8611 76.1 26H2 61.1  500  76.2  80.1  6111 19.1100.1 18.1 ftflll o?. no. inc. IOO. inog
   0         -C    .     .     .     .f   .f. 40. F. 4110 40.0 40HF ?03    H.",  20. C  30. D  4010  40. C  31. n 31. F MIC 31.
   D    .    .     .     .     .     .    .PA 4.9A 6IPC l.RC ?HPC  10    HPA  l.BG 1 .RA  2IRA 2.     ..(.
   0  88.  84.  84.  84.   84.   B4.1 80.1 76.1 64|4 26.3 ?IH? f.no    H3  40.2  72.1  7211  72.1  B4.1 14.2 S6|2 16.
   0    ...... B   ,F 40.0 40HF 40. F 40. F 400'.  20KA  20IB  30. D  40.0  40. C, 31. A 31.0 31 IF 31.    ...    0
   B    ....... RA 6.R4 6HPA 2.R8 3.RC  10FH  1HMP  ||BS l.RD 7.RA 3.     ..!....    0
   O  «8.  84.    .  84.   84.   84.1 84.1 72.1 60-U 20. 2 62.3 5803   6H7    II  60.1  80.1  78.1 84.1 84.? 1612 S6.  84.  84.  84.  840
   0. ....•*.......•..••.•.•................ ..... ss*r = H ........ .O....H.... |... .......................... I ...... ........ ..... .....C
   0.....-..F 40.0 40HE 40. B 403T.  40H     IF  <-0.     ...     .8   .G   ....    0
   0    •    •    •     •     .     ..    .RA 4.RA 3HRB l.Ra  3QV  1H     |RC 1.     ........    .0
   0 100. IOO. 100. 100.  100.  100. 100. 100. I 97.1 30H2 76.? 703?  34H     13  74. 100.  100.  100.  100.1100.1 90. 100. 100. 100. 1010
   0 ................................................. =».. = 0'30C'CC.  ..H ---- ! [[[ C
   0«.--.....F 40. C 40RO 40. f)  40HF 4010  40.     .........0
   0    ......... RA 5.H4 2FMB  1.°'.  2HR3  2IRB 2 ..........    0
   0 100. 100. 100. 100.  100.  100. 101. mo. 100.1 oo.l 7?n? ?6.7.  ?4M7  681?  8fi. 100.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100. 100. l'"»n. 100. lono
tO
   0..**...-..F 400n 41. F 41HO 41. f.  41.     .........0
   O.    •*......    .RA 10RA l.R.'. 3HRA 4.RA 3 ..........    0
   0 100. 100. 100. 100.  100.  100.  100. 100. 100. 100.1 9801 33.1 30H1 40.1  46.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100. 1000
   0........ ...... .. ...... . --- .. --- . ....... .... ----- ...... O ......... H.... ............ . ............... ...... ..................... 0
   0    .....     .     .    .    .    .    0     .0   HC    ...........    0
   B    ;    ;    ........    B     .    H     ...........    I
   D tOO. 100. 100. 100.  100.  100.  100. 100. 100. 100. 1000 100. I 81H1 88.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100.  10-1.  100. inDO
   D ............................. - ........................ 0 ......... H [[[ 0
   O    ..........    O.
   0    ..........    O.
   0 100. 100.  100.  100.  IOO.  100. 100. tOO. 100. 100. 1000 100.
                                                                     H
                                                                     H    ...........    C
                                                                   8BH  8fl.  100.  100.  100.  Ino.  IOO.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100. inid
   0    ..........    O.H     ...........    3
   0    ..........    O.H     ...........    0
   0 100. 100. 100. 100.  100.  100.  100.  100. 100. 100. 1000 100.  89H  88.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100,  100.  100.  101.  100. 101C1
   Q [[[ 0 ......... H [[[ 0
   g    .....     .....O.H     ...........    0
   0    ..........    O.H     ...........    0
   0 100. 100. 100. 100.  100.  100.  100.  100. 100. 100. 1000 100.  BflH  68.  100.  100.  IOO.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100. 1C03
   0. ......... ........ .................. ...... . ........... 0 ......... H..... ..... ...... .......................... . ................ 0
   0    .....     .....O.H     ...........    C
   O    ..........    O.H     ...........    C
   0 100. 100. 100. 100.  100.  100.  100.  100. 100. 100. 1000 100.  8flH  88.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100. 1000
   O    ........................... ....................... 0 ......... H ..... .. ..... . ....... . ....... . ....................... . ...... 0
   0    ..........    O.H     ...........    0
   0    ..........    O.H     ...........    0
   0 100. 100. 100. 100.  100.  IOO.  100.  IOO. 100. 100. 1000 100.  88H  88.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100.  10(1.  inl.  ion. 1010
   o   [[[ 0 ......... H [[[ 5
   0    ..........    O.H     ...........    0
   0    ..........    0    .    H     ...........    3
   0 100. 100. 100. IOO.  100.  100.  100.  100. 100. IOO. 1000 100.  88H  88.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100.  ion.  loo. ]0"a
                                                                                                                                  ?
   o ioo  too  too  ioo.  ioo.  ioo.  ino. ioo. ioo. ioo. 1000 ioo.
                                                           0
                                                                    UM  ea.  ioo.  ioo.  ioo.  ioo.  ioo.  ioo.  ioo.  ioo.  ino. ioo. icoo
                                                                     H [[[ 0
   0    ..........    O.H    ...........    0
   0    ..........    O.H    ...........    0
   D 100  100. 100. 100. 100.  100.  100.  100.  100. 100. 1000 100.  88H  88.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100.  101. 100. 1000
   0 [[[ 0 ......... H [[[ 0
   O 100. 100. 100. 100. 100.  100.  100.  100.  100. 100. 1000 100.  8/iH  88.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100.  100. ICO. 1003
   o... [[[ ° ......... M ....................... ' ................................... ?
   o    .....     .....O.H    ...........    :
   0    ..........    O.H    ...........    0
   o ioo. ioo. ioo. ion. loo.  loo.  ioo.  ioo.  too. loo. 1000 too.  B8H  SB.  ioo.  ioo.  loo.  ino.  ioo.  ion.  ion.  101.  ino. ion. 1002
   00 05000 BgsOOOOOaOOOaOOC3330003CaOOOCCOCOOOOC003003000000000COOOCOT3003900i3 3003030000 30C00100030000000000COOOBOCCOrPCffeC30CS:CO

      70   72   7*   76   7B    BO   >2    64   (6   88   90   9?   9V   96   93   100   102   104   106  ICE  110  112  114  11«,  1M
           PIRCEL KFY
    TOP LEFT:     Cl^^Fft
    TOP RIGHT!    ZGNINr.
    KIOOLE:       LAND USE ANO LEVEL
    anTIOH LEFT:  UTILITY LEVEL
    OOTTOH RIGHT! » UNOEVLPO  LAMO
                                                PARCEL tOGES


-------
     Economic developments also require land.   Each activity,
depending on its type, requires a certain amount of land
for each constructed level of development.  Regardless of
the operating level of an activity, the land consumed is
that of the constructed level, which is always greater than
or equal to the operating level.  The amount of privately-
owned land which is not in developments is classified on
this map as undeveloped.  If a parcel shows no undeveloped
land, no further economic development can occur there un-
less the owner either acquires more land from a government
department owning a portion of the parcel or demolishes
existing economic developments.  An economic decision-
maker can acquire land by purchasing a parcel  from another
economic decision-maker or by bidding on land which is
owned by the Outside.

     The operating level of an economic activity is shown
on the Economic Status Map.  For most purposes, a busi-
ness' operating level is the only level considered by the
computer programs.  However, a business pays property
taxes and maintenance for its constructed level.
                          32

-------
                2.  Government Status Map

     Whereas there can be only one economic owner per parcel,
any combination of government departments can own developed
and undeveloped land on a parcel.  The government depart-
ments which can own land, and the types of developments each
can construct on a parcel are:

     Department               Development Type

     Utility Department       Utility Plant
                              Water Intake Treatment Plant
                              Sewage Outflow Treatment Plant:
                                 Chlorination
                                 Primary Treatment
                                 Secondary Treatment
                                 Tertiary Treatment
     School Department        School Unit
     Municipal Service        Municipal Service Unit
       Department
     Planning and  Zoning      Parkland
       Department             Public Institutional Land
     Highway Department       Road*
                              Terminal*

     A government  department  can sell undeveloped land
which it owns to either  another government department or
to the economic decision-maker owning the privately-owned
portion of a parcel.

     The government status map shows the locations of some
of the types of government activities:  schools,  parks,
utility plants, and municipal service units.
     *A road requires land from the parcels on each side,
and a terminal requires land from the four parcels touching
the intersection at which it is located.
                            33

-------
Figure
10.26
•JWlCITr
GOVERNMENT STATUS *&P
70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 12 94 % 9S 100


g ,„,,...,.,.. B ..

B „ ........... n ..
14 0. ......... ..B..
O............B..
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16 o . . 	 	 . . . . s . .
0. ........ ...9..

O............B..
It D.... ....... .B..

0 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 B 	 	
0 . . 	 	 ....8..
20 o 	 	 B . .
O............B..


J2 0 ............ B ..
O............R..
0. 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 •>«•— 	 D 	
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24 0 . .. . ..... . . . B 48 .
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o. ........ ...a..
26 0 . . . . . . . . . . 24 . 52 . -18 0
0 	 , . . . H .HI .
o....... 	 	 	 	 	 1 	 H 	 n..,. 	 €;?«
0........1.H.B..
J8 8 ........ . 52 H . B

0..... 	 	 	 	 	 H 	 003CSB 	
0.. 	 . 51H 0 H . .
30 D . ; a . . . . . 48 . 24 H 8 H
O........I.HO U2H
0 	 H . SI. 0 H ]

O........H. .Ml 3 H I Ul.
0 	 	 	 ...«"- H 	 ....0 	 H....I.. 	
O.........H.OHIS1.
MB . , 	 	 . 40 H 48 . 24 0 i2 H 90 1
C.... 	 	 	 	 	 , 	 ""--nOOOOB. ...H....I. 	
o.. ....... .B.HI.
36 C . . . . - « . . . . H4ft.48H !
G . . . 	 ..8. HI.

C. 	 O.H..

D..........O.H..
e...... 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 .....s.. 	 ..» 	 	
O..........O.H..
400..........B.H..
3 .... .1 	 0 . H . .
C... 	 	 	 	 .....O.........H 	 	


C... 	 .B.H..

?..... 	 8 . H . .

3 .......... 0 ."..
C 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 ....0 	 ..H.. 	




S... ...... .O.K..



C... 	 O.K..

5 . . . 	 	 B.H..

0 .......... 0 „ H ...
•SZ 0 .......... 0 . H ...


C..... 	 O.H...
54 C. ........ .6. H..


C. ........ .6. H..





C .......... 0 . H .,,
C 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 B 	 ..H 	





ROIIND 7
102 104 106 108 110 112 114 III, 118


B
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 ...3
0
.........314
...... 0
	 	 	 	 	 ..6
	 	 . . 5
	 B 16
C
	 	 	 a
c
	 0 !«

	 	 0
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	 	 . . . 3 n
	 	 . . . B
	 	 	 	 0
3
	 D 2?
3

	 C
0 24
B
	 	 	 	 C
........3
S 76
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C
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C
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	 B

	 g
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 3
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	 	 0

0



6




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B 52

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•• 	 	 	 	 	 .....B

	 B 60
. . . . B
102 104 106 IOB HO 112 !14 116 US
e£RCEl KFr PARCEL FOHFS I NTFRSECT IONS
Tn» e.ir.Mi: sr.tmni * tfvn. .. .. POAHPFO * TVPF 1 TE
'•lOOLF RHW: ^. UlJf:v PRKLN1 — M Tvrc 1 "CUD K TVPF. 2 TP
^.TFTHM LEF1: MS UNIT » LFVEL '"' HM TVPF ? ROAD » TYPE 3 Tl
RCTT01 RK.HI: UT PLANT * LVL tl MM TYPF 3 PDAD
do no ju^t I SHICT insi no'JNnflp^ .
P Ml Nflt
p^r 'JAL
RMI *4fiL



-------
          3.  Socio-Economic Distribution Map

     This map shows the number of Pi's of each class living
on each residence parcel.  The residence type and level are
also printed.

     The migration process allocates people to housing.
Only two classes can live on a residence parcel simul-
taneously, due in part to the model's restriction that a
PH will not move into a residence with a quality index
below 71 and a PL will not move into housing with a quality
index above 70.  It is possible, if a residence depreciates
below the minimum that a class will accept, that high-
income, for example, will live in a residence with a quality
index below 71 if the class was living on the parcel before
the depreciation.  In no case, however, can PH's reside on
the same parcel with PL's.


     Each level of a residence type provides a fixed num-
ber of  space units.  A PI occupies a fixed number of
space units, depending on its class.  The percent occu-
pancy of each  residence  is shown on the Demographic Map.
                               35

-------
    Figure
10.22


70 72 74 76
TKOCITY
snr.io-ECONOKic DISTRIBUTION HAP

ooooooo oo oooooooooocooooooocoooocooccocoooocoooooooDoooooooooo 3 oonooooooooooooooooooooooooocooooooso oooooooooooooooo

12 0 . . • >

0..... 	 	 	


0 	 	 	 	 	



0 	 	 	

18 0
0 ....



0 ....
0 	
0 ....

6 ....
0.... 	
0
24 C

0 	
6 ....
26 0 ...
0 ....
0 	
0 ....
28 0
0 ....
a 	 	 	
0 ....

0 ....
e""liHilttifftHlti
0

0 ....
0 	


0 ....


36 0 . . . .
0 ....

38 0 . . . .
B
8..... 	
0 ....
40 0 . . . .







44 0
B . . . .
0 	



B 	


6 ....
0 	 	
a ....
50 0 . . . .
0 ....
0 	
0 ....
52 0
0 ....
0 	
0 ....
54 0
0 ....
Q
B . . . .
56 0 . ...
0 ....
0 	
0 ....
;« o
a ....
Q
e
60 0
0 ....
0000000 COOOOOOOCOOOCCO
70 72 74 76
PARCEL KFY
TOP ROW: RESIDENCE
MIDDLE ROH1 NU"P,rR OF
BOTTOM POM: N'JMSER OF
n 	
	 a 	

„„ 	 	 	 o 	 	 	


	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 ...n 	 	 	







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	 s 	
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	 .....-.«. 	 n 	 1 	
	 Ri 1BRB 2.R5 3. KB 1IRA 4 	
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	 	 0 	 ..1 	

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	 8 1 	

... .RA 3IRA 4.RA IH . 0 . .RA 4IRA ?. . . .
. 3H 7K. 1LH . 8 . . 9LI 3M. . . .




4H. 13H. 23HH OH..I... ...
itiliiil itt llliillflliHiitlttltftiiiiai'ttXiiiUHitttHmiiiiitltl {ifitltil Htfi1HH***ir


. . H IH. 14H. 12HO H . 3M. . ...







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	 O.H *-H 	
	 0 	 H 	
	 O.H.... 	
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	 0 	 H 	 	 	



	 	 	 0.. 	 H 	

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	 O.H 	




	 0 	 H 	


	 O.H 	
	 0 	 H 	

	 O.H 	
O.H 	

O.H 	
	 O.H, 	
	 O.H 	
	 0 	 H 	
	 O.H 	

	 D.H 	
	 0 	 H 	
	 O.H 	
	 O.H 	

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	 O.H 	
	 O.H 	
	 0 	 H 	
	 O.H 	
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	 O.H 	
3000000SCOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOJOOOSOOOOOOOOOOGOOOOCOOO;030000000000000CCOOOOCCODOOOOOOCOO£-nOrCOJCr3
78 80 62 84 66 6P 90 9? 94 96 96 100 102 104 106 106 110 112 114
PARCEL EDGES 1 NTERSECT[nt:S
TYPE AND LEVEL .. .. ROAnPFO * TYPE 1 TERMINAL
PI'S ANC CLASS — II TYPF 1 ROAD X TYPE 2 TERMINAL
PI'S AMD CLASS " HH TYi-F 2 1C1AD • TYPE 3 TERMINAL

ftnUNfl ?
116 11 8
30000CCOCO

0 12




	 0



	 0

0 1«

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	 0
0
0 22
3
	 0
B
0 74
0
	 0
0
0 26
0
	 0
0
0 2»
0
	 0
0
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0
ffjifff j;e
0
0 32
0
	 0


0


0 36
?

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0
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0
	 0

0 4?
3

0
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OU 00 JURISDICTION UOLINOARV

-------
                  4.   Demographic Map

     The demographic map shows  the number  of people  living
on each residence parcel,  the percent  occupancy of each
residence  and the quality  of all privately owned buildings
and equipment.

     Overcrowding (over 100% occupancy) contributes  to a
residence's neighborhood index and to  the health index.

     The quality is expressed as the quality index for a
residence and as the value ratio for non-residential ac-
tivities.   A value ratio is the ratio of the present con-
dition of a business1 buildings and equipment to their
original condition, expressed as a percent.

     A quality index is somewhat different.  Whereas a
new business has a value ratio of 100, a new residence
can have a quality index from 40 to 100.

     Each year buildings and equipment depreciate in re-
sponse to several conditions which vary by type of activity
(see the Master Tables for the causes of depreciation).
A business's depreciation  is measured as a percent of
original value (100).  A residence's depreciation is
measured as a percent of the original value of such a type
of residence originally built at a quality index of 100,
regardless of the original quality of  the specific resi-
dence.  Thus, business depreciation is a percent of original
value but residential depreciation is a percent of quality
index 100.

     The owner of an activity can set a maintenance level
for the activity.  The maintenance level is the quality
index or value ratio at which the owner will maintain
the activity, regardless of how much it depreciates in a
year.   Not until the activity's value ratio or quality
index falls to its maintenance level does the owner incur
maintenance expenditures.  The computer program depreciates
and maintains buildings and equipment and charges the
owner for the maintenance  cost.

     The Demographic Map shows quality indexes and value
ratios after depreciation  and after any maintenance.
                               37

-------
Figure
                                                              10.23
                          99  .100  102  104  106  IOB  110  112  114   lift  1 in
0000000 030000000000000003000 00 03 OOOCCOGCOOOCCOOCOOODOOOOOtlOOOOaCrnOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOODOOOOOOOOCO 00 COOOOOOOCC3J30000C0330
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00
B 	
n 	
e ..........

.......B 	
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B ..........

	 « . . . . .B.. ........
...R.. ........
8 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 ..0 	 	 	
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....................... ........................................B. 	 	 	 	 	 	
...B.. 	
	 	 . . . a... 	 	

	 	 	 	 	 	 	 ...B. 	 	 	 	 	 	


	 	 117 niOO .100 .113 	 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 —.= 	 B 	 1 	 	 	 	 	

	 . . . . . . . 35 n 30 . 30 . 35 1 60 .

	 	 ,... 	 	 	 	 	 n 	 	 	 ..1 	 	 	
. 25. 25. 25. 15fl . . 1401 35. . 15.
. 80 . 75 . 60 . 30 0100 . . 3 5 | 60 . . . 55 .
.111 .111 .111 -l.TO n . .117 1117 . . .100 ....
	 	 	 	 .....1 	 H 	 0=«, 	 tittti. 	 	 	 	 	

	 85 1 85 . 60 H 90 .100 0 .100 . 46 1 45 .
..... .100 1117 .117 H . 0 . .113 1100 ... ...
	 	 	 	 	 1 	 H.... as ;ccn. ............. I 	
	 25. 351 150. 320H 0 H . . 201 15. ...
. . . . . . . 90 . 90 1 75 . 80 H 90 0 H 96 . 90 . 30 [ 50 . . . . . .
.117 .117 1 97 .101 H 0 H .100 1100 ... ...
• "{UliHHU-HttiHitttltHf tHtH IHll if tttf f Hit itH lif.HiitiltiiittHif-l-'.tft-litiH-imfiiltii H*iHlilHHt**1
. 30. 35H !0. 110. 1003 H . 105. 30. .. ...

...... .100 .117 H R3 .107 . 69 0 H .117 .117 ... ...
	 	 	 	 	 ..., = = » = ! 	 0. ...H 	
........ 25. 15H 40. 1200 130H 150. ........

.117 .100 H117 .119 0 18 H IOB 	
	 	 	 •= = « = 630000 	 H 	 	 	 	 	





. 80 0 80 . 10 H 80 . 80 	
	 . . . .100 0100 .110 H117 .100 	


O.H..... 	

O.H..........
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O.H..........
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	 	 	 	 	 .....0... 	 H 	 	 	 	 	
	 	 . . O.H 	

O.H. 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 0 	 H 	 	 	 	 	
	 	 . . . O.H 	
	 O.H..........
O.H 	 	

O.H 	
O.H..........
O.K., 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 0 	 H 	 	 	 	 	
O.H 	 	
O.H.. 	
	 	 . . O.H 	 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 0 	 H 	 	 	 	 	

O.H.... 	
O.H 	
	 	 	 	 	 0.. 	 H 	 	 	 	 	
	 	 . . . O.H 	
O.H 	
O.H 	 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 0 	 ....H 	 	 	 ,,„...., 	 	 	

O.H 	 	
	 O.H 	
0
0 12
0
	 0
g
0 14
0
	 	 0
0
0 16
0
	 0
0


	 	 0
0
0 70
0
	 c
0
0 2?
0

0
0 24
0
	 C
0
0 76
0
	 	 3
0
0 2B
0
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0
0 30
. 0
*}ilH-!B
0
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0

0



0
0 36

	 0
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0

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0 46
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C
                          9fl  100  102  19<.  10A  101  110  112
      PARCFL KFV
TOP  ROHI    THT.AL POP  IN ioo< s  I
RIOniE PQW: 01 IRES)  Cfl VD (NR)
BOTTOM ROW: t OCCUPANCY (RFS)
     PARCEL Enr.ES
.„  .. "n Ai°irn
—  ] | 7ypF \  POAD
on  HH TYPE ?  P2 AO
i?£  frrW TYPt: 1  ROtD
CO  00 JUft I SOtCT IflN
                        TYPE
                        TYPE
                38

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         5.   Topographical Restriction Map

     This map shows the percent of a parcel that may not be
purchased or developed by any local decision-makers.  Land
that is topographically undevelopable includes mountains,
rock outcrops, swamps.  None of the area consumed by water
bodies represented in the local system (large lakes, small
lakes, and rivers) is shown on this map.   The map also
shows jurisdictional boundaries, the road network, and the
location of terminals.
                         59

-------
Figure
10.25
TUOCiTY
TOPOGRAPHICAL RESTRICTION MAP
70 72 74 76 7R 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100
£0000000000000000000000000000000000900000000000000003000000000000000000000000000
o i 	 	 	 e..
!2 O ............ H ..
0 ............ 0 ..
0 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 B 	 	 	
o 	 	 e ..


e 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 ..Ft 	



D..... 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 a..... 	 	


0 .....,.,..., 0 ..
o...... 	 	 	 a.... 	 	

jo o. ...... .....a..
o 	 ....a..
D..... 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 8 	 	
o 	 a..

o.... 	 a..
o 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 .=,..= 	 a 	
0 ............ fi ..
24 0 	 B..


0. .......... .B..
26 a 	 a..
o... 	 a..
0 	 	 	 	 	 ..1 	 H 	 a==» 	 itHt
o. .*..*. .I.K. a. .
28 0... 	 I.H.a..
O........I.H.H..

0........ 1 .HOH..
30 0 ........ 1 . hi 0 M ,.
0 	 I. HOH..
0 	 H . . 0 H | .
32 0 	 H . . 0 H 1
O........M..OHI.

O.........H.OH1.
340.........H.OHI.
0 	 	 . H . 0 H | .

- 	 	 . . . 8 . HI.
36 0 	 a. H|.
0 	 0. Hi.
0 	 	 	 e».,«»=,.,H 	 1 	
0 	 O.H..
18 D 	 0 . H
0 	 	 . . . 0 . H . .
0 	 	 	 	 	 0 	 ..H 	 	 	
D 	 O.H..
40 0 	 ..O.K..
D 	 O.K..
0 	 	 	 	 	 0 	 .H 	 	 	

(20.... 	 0 . H . .






0.. 	 O.H..
46 0 . . . . 1 	 O.H..


0 	 O.K..
4ft 0. 	 O.K..


0 	 O.K..



0. ...... ...O.H..
52 0 	 ....O.K..
O..........O.H..


540..........0.H..
Q .......... D . H ..

0 	 O.H..
if, 0 	 O.H..
0.... 	 O.K..


38 0.......... O.K..


0 .......... 0 . H ..

C 	 ...O.K..
70 72 T> 76 78 80 82 84 R6 SB 90 92 S4 96 99 100

firmer? 2
102 104 106 108 110 112 114 1 I* 11"
OOCOaCOOaOCOOOOt>OOCOp:iOOOOOCOSOaOCI003Cia3;C>CC;3
	 	 . 0
	 C 12
	 	 . . 3
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 B
. . 0
0 14
3

	 0
	 . . . . 0 16


	 0
	 0 !»
.- 	 	 o
	 	 	 	 	 3
	 	 0
	 0 ?1
	 3

0
9 22

	 0
0
3 24
	 0
	 	 	 	 	 0
	 0
	 0 26
0
	 	 1 	 	 	 ..0
1 .... 0
1 .... 0 26
1 .... 0
	 1 	 0
1 .... 0
1 .... 3 10
1 .... C
1 .... 0
1 ... 0 32
1 .... a
	 1 	 3
. . 3
	 0 34
0

0
	 	 3 36
	 	 0
	 	 	 	 3
0
	 0 3P

	 	 	 	 8
	 3

	 0


	 	 0 42
	 0
	 0
	 0

	 0
	 0
	 	 . 3

	 8

	 8
	 0 4H
	 8
	 0
	 0
0 50
	 0
	 0
D
	 8 ',?
	 a
	 	 	 	 	 o
	 	 0
	 . . 9 54
	 0
	 	 	 0
	 0
	 0 16
	 	 . . . 0
	 8
	 g
	 	 . 3 •>«
	 0
.......... 0
	 	 . . . 3
	 3 60
	 3
102 104 106 lOB IIO 112 U4 Hi 111
PfioCFt. KFY Pt»CFl. FHGFS INTERSECTIONS
PERCENT TOPriC.RtPHICaLLY UNDEVELOPABLE .. .. RHADPEO * TYPE 1 TFRM1NAL
— 1 1 TYPE 1 ROiO X TYPE 2 I
F f. M I N A L
e» HH TYPF 2 POAO * TYPE 3 TERMINAL
11 WM TYPE 3 PIV.O
00 00 JUIISnlCIlT* BOUN01RY


             40-

-------
             6.  Social Decision Maker Map

     This map indicates which social players make decisions
for the low, middle, and high income population units on
parcels.  The top letter on a given parcel represents the
social decision-maker who controls the PL's who live there,
and the middle and lower letters represent the social decision'
makers who control the PM's and PH's, respectively, who live
there.  If a particular class does not live on, a parcel,
no letter is printed.

     Not until a parcel is developed for residential land
use and occupied by at least one income class, will a social
decision-maker for that parcel appear on the map.  Note that
different decision-makers may control the different popu-
lation classes on a single parcel.  Social teams acquire
control over additional Pi's on a parcel when the number of
Pi's of that class moving into the parcel exceeds the number
moving out.  Social teams may find that from round to round
they gain or lose control of population units on a residential
parcel of land.  This occurs as a result of the migration of
Pi's of a class to a parcel where previously there were no
Pi's of that class  (a gain) or as a result of the migration
away from a parcel of all the Pi's of a class on that parcel.
                            41

-------
   Figure
10.24
TUOCITY
SOCIAL DECISION KAKER HAP
70 7? 74 76 78 80 82 84 66 88 90 92 94 96 98 100

ROUNH 2
102 104 106 108 110 112 114 116 118
OOOOCiOOCOOOOODOOaODCOOCOOOCODOODOOOOCOCCOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOODODOOOCOnOOOOOOCOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOClSOCOaCOOOOOOOOOO^OtlOCCOOCl^OOOCCCCOa
B.. ....... ...a..
12 o 	 	 a
e ............ B . .
0.............. 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 B.. 	 	


Q .„,...„,,.,. 0 .„
0 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 B.... 	 	
0 ............ R ..

B ............ a ..
0..... 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 8.... 	


0 ............ B ..
o 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 .a 	
0 	 B..


e...... 	 	 	 	 	 	 — 	 	 	 	 B 	 	
a . . . . . . . . . . . .FOO.O.D
21 0 . . . . . . o . . „ . .CB
a .,.....,.,.. a ..
0. 	 	 ................"I" 	 8 	
0 . . . . . . . . . . . .FBO.O.D
24 0 	 ° .. . . . C fl . .
O............B..
0.. 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 R 	
B............B..D
26 0 . . . . . . . . .C.C.C.CB
0 ............ B ..
0 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 H 	 o«-> 	 iiiit
0 ........ .OH.B..O
J8 0 ........ » . A H . B . .
0. ....... 6 .H.B..
0.. 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 ....H....COQOOO. 	 	
0........ .HCH..O
30 0 . . . . . . .E. A.&H C H
0 . . . . . . , P . fi G.T, H C> H



9 . . . . . . .B.BH6.E.ECI H

0 ......... H . C H
34 0 . . . . . . . .E. HA.AOFH F.
0 . . . . . . . . R.RHF..FOF.H G.

0 .......... fl H
3&0 . . . . . * . . . . BF.FHF
0 . . . . . . . . . S „ 8 fl C . C H G G.
0. 	 	 	 	 e- ««==-=»«H 	 	 	
380 	 	 0 . HE.

0 	 .......... 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 ....0 	 H 	 	 	 ....
40B..........B.H..



42 B. ........ .B.H..


0 .......... 0 . H ..
44 E).. ....... .O.K..


B... ...... .O.K..

O..........C.H..


48 0... ........ O.K..
0 	 .O.H..

0. ........ .O.K..
50 0.. ........ O.K..
0 	 .O.K..

0.... 	 .O.K..
52 0 .......... 0 . H ..
0... ...... .O.K..
0.... 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 0 	 H.. 	
0 	 .....O.K..
54 0 	 	 0 . H

0... 	 	 	 	 	 0 	 H... 	

56 0 . . . . 	 	 O.H..
O..........O.H..
e 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 o 	 H 	
O..........D.H..
58 0 ......„,„„ 0 . H .„
0 	 O.K..

O..........O.H..
60 0... ...... .O.K..

70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100

	 	 0 12
0
	 	 C
	 0
5 1*
.........0
	 	 	 	 	 C
0

0
	 	 	 .- 	 	 	 o
0
0 18
C
	 	 	 	 	 0




	 0
0 2?

	 ...0
D ... i .... 0
r, . . 	 	 0 24
	 	 . . 0
	 	 	 0
o ........ e
. 0 . . . . . 0 26
0
	 	 	 c
0
6 ... .... D 2"
0
	 	 	 	 	 3
6
G . . ... 6 10
0
HHtmilltlHlilt 'tlfiffitllilt tit iflUt t?
8 ... .... 0
F . ....!•>?
0
...i... 	 	 0

C 34
	 0

	 Q
0 36
	 0



	 	 	 	 0
0 '0
0
	 	 	 	 0
, . 0
	 e 4;
	 3
	 D
	 0
	 0 44
	 0

	 0
	 C 46
	 0
	 	 	 	 0
	 0
	 C 4P
. . n
	 S
	 0
	 c *o
0
	 	 	 c

	 C 52


	 C
0 5*
	 C
	 	 	 0
0
0 56
	 0
	 0
....... 9
	 0 55
	 0
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 C

" 60
joooooaacoooffococoMOSsoroooiMoccc^-'-B-'ie'"-^
102 104 106 108 110 112 1!4 116 11H
PARCEL KEY PARCEL FOGES INTERSECTIONS
TOP -SOW: LOW SOC 0-M .. .. RDAOfUn + TYPE 1 TE
MIDDLE RHH: MID SO C D-* — II TYPE 1 RHAD X TYPE ? TE
RMIN4L
RMINAl
BOTTOM ROW: HI SOC 0-M ° = HH TYPf 2 ROAD * TYPE 3 TERMINAL
CO 00 JURISDICTION BOUNDARY
             42

-------
                     C.   Summary Information
1.   Demographic and Economic Statistics

    The output summarizes a wide variety of information
about the simulated region.  There are two basic types
of information:  statistics by jurisdiction and for the
region as a whole about local conditions, and measures of
interactions between the region and the Outside System.
The former provide comparisons between jurisdictions; the
latter provide comparisons between the local and Outside
systems.

     Statistics Regarding Local Conditions

     Total population:  the number of people (not Pi's) ,
by class.

     Percent change over previous year:  the total popu-
lation change, positive or negative, between the current
round and the previous round.  This is the only local
statistic which is given only as a total and not broken
down by jurisdiction.

     Average population per parcel:  the number of people
divided by the number of parcels.

     Developed land  (in parcels):  the amount of land
area  (in parcel equivalents) consumed by public and
private developments.

     Undeveloped land:  the amount of land area (in parcel
equivalents) not consumed by developments.

     Total land area:  the number of parcels.
     Assessed value of land in millions:  the property tax
base.
     Assessed value of developments in millions:  the
development tax base.

     Average quality of life index:  a measure across
classes of the people's average quality of life index.
The higher the index, the poorer the quality of life.
The indexes may differ significantly within a jurisdiction,
but only averages are given here.

     Number of registered voters:  the number of people
eligible to vote, from which the number who actually vote
are selected.
                              43

-------
                                                 Figure  -9.1
   TWOCITY
               DEHOGRAPHIC  AND ECOHOHIC  STATISTICS
                                                        ROOHD   1
                                                TOTAL
                    JURISDICTION
                        I
          JtJSISDICTIOH
              II
          JDEISDICTION
              III
TOTAL POPULATION
                    LOW    CLASS
                    HID0LB CLASS
                    HIGH   CLASS
275500
 73500
 99000
103000
126000
     0
 64000
 62000
149500
 73500
 35000
 41000
                                                                                                               0
                                                                                                               0
                                                                                                               0
                                                                                                               0
PERCENT CHANGE  OVER  PREVIOUS  YEAH
AVEHAGE POPULATION PER PARCEL

DEVELOPED LAND  (IN PARCELS)
UNDEVELOPED  LAND
TOTAL LAND AREA

ASSESSED VALUE  OF LAND
    IN BILLIONS

ASSESSED VALUE  OF DEVELOPHENTS
    IN BILLIONS
AVERAGE QUALITY OF LIFE  INDEX
NUMBER OF REGISTERED VOTERS
NO. IN PUBLIC ADULT  EDUCATION

AVEHAGE EDUCATIONAL  LEVEL
     LOW
     MIDDLE
     HIGH
                                                       0
                                                       0

                                                      77
                                                     518
                                                     625

                                                  12312.
                                                    421.

                                                      69
                                                  88573
                                                       0

                                                      59
                                                      17
                                                      61
                                                5232824
                             30
                            266
                            296

                          5321.
                           158.

                             61
                          45566
                              0

                             73
                              0
                             61
                        4061270
                   16
                  283
                  329

                6992.
                 264.

                   75
                43007
                    0

                   47
                   17
                   62
               278305
                    0
                    0
                    0

                   0.
                   0.

                    0
                    0
                    D

                    0
                    0
                    0
                    0
NO. OF HORKERS BECEIVING  WELF6HE

STUDENT/TEACHES RATIO

SCHOOL ENHOLLHENT
     PUBLIC
     PRIVATE

HOUSING UNITS
     SINGLE    DWELLINGS
     MULTIPLE  DWELLINGS
     HIGH RISE APARTMENTS

VACANCY RATE        (PERCENT)
     NEGATIVE HEANS OVEHCROHD2D
                                                   12800

                                                      7
                                                  48740
                                                  20460
                                                     100
                                                     24
                                                      6
                              0

                             13
                          34040
                              0
                             62
                              7
                              4

                             28
                12800

                   10
                14700
                20460
                   38
                   17
                    2

                  -23
                    0
                    0
                    0
                    0
                    0
                                                        SO-2

-------
                                            Figure  - 9.1  (Cont'd)
NtJHBEH OF BHPLOTED WORKERS
     LOW
     HIDDLE
     HIGH
                             79400
                             23000
                             31680
                             24720
                         35360
                             0
                         20480
                         14880
              44040
              23000
              11200
               9040
                   0
                   0
                   0
                   0
NUHBER EMPLOTED IH
     LIGHT     INDUSTRY
     HEAVY     INDUSTRY
     NATIONAL  SERVICES
     CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
     BUSINESS  GOODS
     BUSINESS  SERVICES
     PERSONAL  GOODS
     PERSONAL  SERVICES
     MUNICIPAL SERVICES
     SCHOOLS
     RAIL
     BUS
     FEDEBAL-STATE

KOBBER OF UNEMPLOYED WORKERS
     LOW
     HIDDLE
     HIGH
                              27160
                              27760
                                  0
                                  0
                               2800
                               5240
                               3360
                               5b80
                               1920
                               3880
                                  0
                                  0
                               1600

                               6400
                               6400
                                  0
                                  0
                         10240
                         11800
                             0
                             0
                          1680
                             0
                          3360
                          2480
                          1920
                          3880
                             0
                             0
                             0

                             0
                             0
                             0
                             0
              16920
              15960
                  0
                  0
               1120
               5240
                  0
               3200
                  0
                  0
                  0
                  0
               1600

               6400
               6400
                  0
                  0
                   0
                   0
                   0
                   0
                   0
                   0
                   0
                   0
                   0
                   0
                   0
                   0
                   0

                   0
                   0
                   0
                   0
UNEBPLOYHENT RATS
     LOW
     niDDLE
     HIGH
(PERCENT)
 7.46
21.77
 0.0
 0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
12.69
21.77
 0.0
 0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
PERCENT EARNING     UNDER $ 5,000
PERCENT EARNING $5,000 TO .$10,000
PERCENT EARNING      OVER $10,000
                                 33
                                 37
                                 29
                             5
                            54
                            39
                 55
                 22
                 21
                   0
                   0
                   0

-------
     Number in public adult education:  the number of
people who wanted to participate in public adult education
programs and were able to do so because programs were
provided by their school departments.

     Average educational level:  by class, the average
educational level.  This ranges from 0 to 100.  The higher
a worker's educational level relative to those of other
workers, the greater his chances of being hired before the
others.

     Number of workers receiving welfare:  if a jurisdic-
tion does have a program for aid to the unemployed, this
number is the number of unemployed workers.  The number is
zero if there are either no unemployed workers or no
welfare program.

     Student/teacher ratio:  ratio of number of students
attending local public schools to number of teachers
employed by public schools.  This is a factor when students
are allocated to public or private schools.

     School enrollment:  the number of students attending
local public schools and the number attending private
schools.  Students attend private schools only if the
public schools in their districts are inadequate.

     Housing units:  the number of levels of RA (single
family), RB (town house, multiple dwellings), and RC
(high rise) housing.

     Vacancy rate:  the ratio of existing housing space
to housing space occupied, expressed as a percent.  A
negative rate means that housing is overcrowded.

     Number of employed workers:  the number of people
holding full-time jobs, by class of worker.

     Number employed by type of employer:  the number of
full-time workers employed by each type of business and
government employer.

     Number of unemployed workers:  by class, the number
of workers seeking full-time employment who were unable
to obtain jobs.

     Unemployment rate (percent):  by class, the number of
unemployed workers as a percent of the total number of
workers who sought full-time jobs.
                         46

-------
     Earning distribution:  the percent of workers
earning less than $5,000, between $5,000 and $10,000, and
over $10,000 from full-time employment.

     Transactions With the National Economy

     Income from the national economy:  federal-state aid
received, by type of aid, and income from both basic
industry sales of output and bus and rail sales of equip-
ment.

     Sales to the national economy:  federal-state taxes
paid, by type of tax, and purchases of goods, services,
and outside-owned land.  The only Outside expenditure
which can be significantly controlled locally is the
purchase of goods and services due to local insufficiency.

     National economy business cycle:  last round's ratio
to "typical income"per unit of output for basic industry,
interest rates on loans and bonds from the Outside
(expressed as percents), and the average rate of return on
outside investments  (expressed as percents).
                        47

-------
               COMPUTER OUTPUT EXPLANATION FOR THE
                   ASSESSMENT DEPARTMENT
                 Assessment Department Output

     As in all roles, the Assessment Department not only
interacts with all of the other users of the model in the
Economic, Social, and Government Sectors but with the
computer as well.

     The computer output used by the Assessment Department
exclusively can be broken up into two general types:  tabu-
lar 'and maps.

1.    Tabular Output

     The tabular output for the Assessment Department of
each jurisdiction shows the current assessment ratios for
the jurisdiction as a whole and any exceptions to these
jurisdiction-wide assessment ratios.

     The first portion displays the overall assessment
ratio for all properties in the jurisdiction.  Assessment
ratios may vary for land that is on developed parcels and
land that is locally owned but on undeveloped parcels.
Developments may be assessed by development type.  Like--
wise each of the farm types may be assessed at different
rates.

     The second portion lists any exceptions to these
jurisdiction-wide ratios.  The parcel number is listed and
the specific assessment ratio is given in percentage terms
for developments (land use need not be specified since there
is only one private land use allowed per parcel) , non-farm
land, and farm land.  The Assessment Department may wish
to make specific dollar assessments (instead of assessment
rates) for particular parcels of land.  These are the last
three categories on the tabular output:  building (develop-
ments), land (non-farm land) and farms.

2.    Map Output

     There are three maps of primary interest to the assessor,
These maps supplement the printed matter discussed above
and are used to plan the assessment strategy for the juris-
diction.  The maps are:  a..   Market Value Map,  b.  Assessed
Value Map, and  c.  Farm Assessed and Market Value Map.

     Other maps may also be of use to the Assessment De-
partment.  These include the Economic Status, Utility, and
Planning and Zoning maps.
                          48

-------
                              Figure 8 . 1

*#*#**#*£$#£«****************************************************
          TWOCITY
   ASSESSMENT REPORT             JUR I SO I C T TON  1          ROUND   7
                                              ^);t *******************
            ASSESSMENT  RATIOS  (PFRCFNT  OF  MARKET VALUE)
             LAND ON  UNDEVELOPED PARCELS           50.0
             LAND ON  DEVELOPED PARCELS             50.0
               BUSINESS  TYPE:      RA              50.0
                                    R R              ^0 . 0
                                    RC              50.0
                                    LI              50.0
                                    HI              50.0
                                    NS              50.0
                                    CI              10.0
                                    R <~,              50.0

                                    P 0              50.0
                                    PS              50.0
               FARM  TYPE:           M              15.0
                                    F2              15.0
                                    F3              15.0
            EXCEPTIONS TO JURISDICTION-WIDE RATIOS

                            LOCATION     RATIO (%}
             DEVELOPMENT:    NONE


             NON-FARM LAND: NONE


             FARM  LAND:      NONE
             DOLLAR  VALUE
              BUILDING:      NONE
             DOLLAR  VALUE
              L'AND:          NONF


                              49

-------
                a. Market Value Map

     This map designates the jurisdictional boundaries
 (000) and the highway system (including terminals).
Nonfarm parcels of land that are owned by local decision-
makers contain information on the market value of the
land and developments on the parcel  (values are in $100,000's)

     The top row of each such parcel indicates the market
value of 100% of the land on the parcel.  This value of
100 percent of the land on the parcel is printed so that
comparisons may be made from one parcel to another without
having to take into consideration what percent of each
parcel is privately owned.  Since there is usually some
land on most parcels that is not privately owned, the
actual market values of the land will be somewhat less
than indicated on the map.  Nonprivate uses of the land
might be for rights of way, schools, municipal services,
utilities, treatment plants, parks, institutional, public
undeveloped, water bodies, and topographically undevelopable.

     The middle row indicates the market value of all pri-
vate developments.  This value is the normal new value
 (see Economic Master Table) of each land use times the
constructed level times the value ratio.
                          50

-------
Figure
10.16
TWQCITT

70 72 74 76 78 TO 82 84

HtlKET VALUE HAP
B6 88 90 9? 94 96 98 100 102
occoccocoacccooaoogcccccoocacooopoocccccccDccoocooocoocoooocooo^cRooooooocooooccocccor
0 1. 1 	
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g 	
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0 	 360. 600.
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0 	 360. 600.
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0 	 3D 3. 561.
g 	
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49 C 	
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70 72 7* 7* 78 80 82 »4
P«RCEL KEY
TOP R3W: HKT V3LUE OF 1001 OF La«O
KIP-OLE "nw: PKT VALUE OF PP.IV iLOf.s
BOTTOM «OK: »«tT VAL OF PRIV L4NO C 1LOGS
4LL VALUES [N IIOO.OCO'S

0 ....


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	 in 7. 15. ll.
116. 229. 352. 528. 555(1 583. 604. 511.


7H 76. 117. 411 12.
116. 264. 388. 564. 4 10(1 366.1093. 461 400.
	 n 	 1 	
. 300. 440. 600. 700B.'500. 600. 6»?l 268.


... 1 	 H 	 tt: = »- 	 It Hi 	
2581 376. 500H 596.1910(1 340.7.O1O. 600 400.
261 37. 8H 90. H .1100. 10 15.
2661 351. 14RH 567.1955(1 259.1640. 4.16 381.
...1 	 H 	 oracrn 	
70n| 1 176. 2686H206?C4000H."500. 2732. floo 400.
571 210. 450H 2700 H7400. 225. Ill 15.
519| 549. 1 31 1H175^0 M 1 c 00 , 2 57 0 . 671 319.



561H 200. 1 19 I. 1 18392912H: 641 1 593. 997. 156.
	 = = . = =H 	 O....H. 	 1 	

35. 27H 52. 1540 213-1 1 211.









	 0 	 H 	
g . 260H 280.
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0 . 229H 747.
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a . H . . . .
	 g 	 H 	
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0 . H
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0 . H
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O.K....

0 ......
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g . H . . . .
g . H
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g . H

PA1CEL EDGES INTF
.. .. PQAOIET + TYPE 1 Tft
— II TYPE 1 IDAO XTYPE 2 TFP
« HH TYPE 2 POAO » TYPE 3 TE*
It VH TYPE 1 »0«3
oo oo junisoicTieiN ROU-IOHRY

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100. 86. 1411 142. ... 0
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104 106 108 110 112 114 116 118
SECTIONS
v IN AL
I^AL
vl NAL


          51

-------
               b.  Assessed Value Map

     This map shows the assessed values of non-farm land
and of developments on the land for those parcels of land
that have a private local system owner (.i.e. , .non-farm
parcels owned by Economic Teams).   The top number on a
parcel square is the assessed value of 100% of the land.

     Assessed values of land are created in two ways:  first,
land that is newly purchased at a price higher'than the pre-
vious market value is given a new market value equal to the
sale price and a new assessed value that is dependent upon
the jurisdiction's developed land assessment ratio or un-
developed land assessment ratio, depending on whether there
is any economic activity on the parcel; second, through
local assessment policy.  The local assessment policy can
change the value by altering the land assessment ratio
(either jurisdiction-wide or by parcel) or inputting a
dollar amount (this decision only lasts for one round).

     The second number is the assessed value of the devel-
opment on the parcel.  If no number appears in this position,
the land is still undeveloped.  Assessed values of devel-
opments are changed through new constructions, declining
market values of developments (resulting from declining
value ratios), and changes in the development assessment
ratios.  The Assessment Department may change the assessed
values of developments by changing the jurisdiction-wide
development assessment ratios, changing the development
assessment ratio for specific parcels, or by inputting
a dollar value of the development assessment (this decision
lasts for only one round and must be input each round for
which the dollar assessed value is to remain the same).

     The last line on a privately-owned land parcel shows
the total (land and development) assessed value.  The
dollar values on this map are expressed in a scale factor
($lm; $100,000;  or $10,000) that is chosen by the computer
based upon the highest and lowest dollar values represented
on the map.  Therefore, the map key is adjusted automatically
when the need arises.

     This map also shows jurisdictional boundaries, the
road netowrk, and the location of terminals.
                             52

-------
                           Figure
10.17
TWOCtTY

70 72 74 76 78 80 82 «4
0 \. I, 	
t? 0 	
0 I. 1 	
0 	
0 1. 1. ....
14 a 	
0 1. 1 	
0 	 i 	
D 	
16 0 	
0 	
c 	
0 	
18 e 	
0 	
a 	
o 	
20 a 	
a 	
0 	
0 	
22 0 	


3 	
24 a 	
0 	

0 ........
26 a 	
0 	
0 	
9 	
28 a 	
3 	
0 	
0 . . 1. 180. 300.

0 . 1. . 180. 319.
t**"litlHHHiliittttlltttHilitliltit{
0 ...... 130. 300.
32 0 	 29.

I! 	
D 	
34 a 	
0 	
0 	 	 	
a 	
36 a 	



38 a 	

0 	
0 	
40 a 	
a 	
0 	
a 	
42 a 	
a 	
a 	
0 	
44 e 	
a 	
0 	
0 	

0 	
a 	 ,
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*B B........
B 	
0 	
B 	
so a 	
0 	
e 	 	 	 	 	
0 	
52 a 	
0 	
0 	
0 	
54 0 	
B 	
0 	
a 	
56 e 	
0 	
0 	
0 	
58 0 	
Q 	
0 	
0 	
60 0 	
0 	
B30CC03000C33000CCO^OOBC0330COOOCOOCCOOCCO
70 72 74 76 78 BO 82 64
PARCELS
TOP ROH1 ASSTSSED LAND VALUE
MIDDLE ROW: ASSESSED RLDG VALUE
ROTTO.M ROVJT TOUL ASSESSED VALUE

ASSESSED VALUE H\«
86 88 90 92 94 9S 98 100 102 104 106 108 110 112
e 	
n 	
s 	
	 S 	
El 	
El 	
B 	

a 	 *
B 	
s 	
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B 	 ".
, . . 0 	
a 	
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. 200R 	
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. 7000 	
	 El 	
60. 130. 200. 300. 3608 2r'2. 224. 210 	




48 19. 59. 71t 16 	
60. 150. 220. . 364R 1 ">4. 430. 1961 156 	
	 El 	 1 	
. 150. 220. 300. 3SOf] 8T5. 300. 243| 94. . . 35.



129 168. 250H 29R. 19550 1 TO . 700. 2101 140. 50. 50. 801 80.
14 10. 4H 45. R . 270. 151 8. . . 1
143 207. 754H 343.19550 170. 970. 2751 14B. 50. 50. 10) 80.




H**i*iilHt*i-lHt1Wtti*iiliflitttii?tHiftHrrffff1HtHi *fHfttl?

29H 9. Rl. 11^2 345H 83V Tl. 47. 11. . .
370H 1H9. "37. 911B1169H1747 1 217. 42'.. 151. 170. 150. 7001 200.





. 209. 7508 166. 353H 'S3 337 	



. 1200 119. 15<.n 168. 140 	
50 5. 14H in. 14 	



0 . H 	
0 . 130H 140 	
	 0 	 H 	
Q . H 	
a . H 	 „
B . H 	 „
	 0 	 H 	
B . H 	
a . H 	
a . H 	
	 0 	 H 	
a . H

B . H ........
	 0 	 H 	 	 	
a . H 	
0 . H 	
0 . H 	
	 0 	 H 	
e . H 	
e . H ........
0 . H 	

0 . H 	
B . H 	
B . H 	
	 0 	 H 	
0 . H 	
a . H 	
0 . H 	

0 . H 	
a . H 	
0 . H 	






B . H 	
0 . H 	
2 CSQOOCQvOCCCOTOOCOC 3 000003 300000000 00000 OCCCCCC3 00 OQCOOOOC300C3CCC?
86 98 90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 108 110 11J
PARCEL FOGES INTFRSECT IONS
.. .. ROAOBCD * TYPF 1 TEP^INAL
— II TYPE 1 ROAD X TYPE 2 TfPMINAL
•- HH TYPE 2 ROAC • TYPE 3 TERMINAL

HOU','0 2
114 116 118
a
•a 12
0
	 0
B
0 14
a

a
a 16
a
	 0

0 18


B
B 20
B

0
B 2?
B
	 0
B
0 74
a
	 a
. . . B
B 26
a
	 a
0
. 0 28
0

0
. 0 30
0

a
B 32
0
	 a
e
0 34
0
	 0
0
0 34
0
	 a

B 31




a
	 0

B 42
B


0 44

	 B


a


9 4»
D

a
0 SO
e
	 0
0
9 52

	 0
g
a S4
B
	 a
0
0 56
B
	 a
3
B SB
a
	 0
0
a r.0
n
:ao^90Qoaioccc:og
114 116 11?'




*LL VALUES IN 1100,000
                           if. HW TYPF 3 POAC
                           00 00 JURISOICTITN BOUNDARY

-------
       c.  Farm Assessed and Market Value Map

     The value shown for a farm parcel on the map is for
that portion of a parcel which is in farm use.  The ratio
of assessed value to market value is set by the Assessor
of the jurisdiction in which a farm is located.  A farm
owner pays local property taxes at the rate set by the
Chairman and on the base set by the Assessor of the juris-
diction in which the farm is located.   Since a farm's net
income before taxes is fixed according to the farm's
fertilizer level, the amount of land at the farm  and the
farm type, the only variable expenditure is local property
tax.
                         54

-------
                                        Figure
10.15
                          TUflCITV

                     FARM  ASSESSED  AND HARKFT VALUE MAP
   70   72
                                                                  in   100  102   IDA  106   loa  no   112  in   114  us
OOOCOOaCOOOOODQDDOaCOOOOOCOCOOOOODOOCCOCD000300DOOQOOOOOOOOOOOOCOeODOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOCOOOOOPOOn[1COOCl?aC3aClC'0000
a
12 0 	 0
C 	 B
o 	 n 	
0 	 B 6. .
14 0 	 B 40. 33.

0 	 	 	 B 	
B 	 B B. 6.
1* B 	 B 53. 40.
B 	 B 88 .100 .
0 	 B 	
B 	 0 10. 7.

B 	 B88 .100 .
0 	 B 	
0 	 B
20 0 	 B
o 	 a
0 	 R 	
o 	 a

a 	 a

a 	 B
24 0 	 B..
B 	 H
0 	 B 	

26 0 	 B..
B 	 a..
o..i 	 	 H 	 B»... 	 nm

28 0 	 . H . B . .
B 	 . H- . fi . .

0 ... 7. 8. 10. .. H 0 H
30 0 . . . 47. 53. 67. . . H 0 H
0 . . .84.64.B4. . . . H 0 H
e-^^itiltliiiiiili ttttfH-l-l{{iiitiiHlltiitl tlli lliiitti Her illxlltti tlllli Uli
0 , . . 7. B. 10. ..H..OH
32 0 . . . 47. 53. 67. ..H..BH
B . . .R4.B4.64. . . H . . 0 H

O.........H.OH
34 0 	 H.OH
O.........H.OH
o 	 "..-aoooco. ...H 	
B 	 B.H
36 0 	 B.H
0 	 B.H



0 	 0 . H . .

0 	 O.H..
40 0 	 B . H



42 0 	 0 . H . .



44 0 	 B.H..
0 	 B.H..
0 	 B 	 H 	
0 	 O.H..


C 	 0 	 H 	




0 	 S.H..
50 B 	 B . H
0 	 O.H..
C 	 0 	 H 	

52 0 	 O.K..
0 	 0 . H . .


54 0 	 0 . H . .



56 0 	 0 . H



59 B 	 B . H

0 	 0 	 H 	

60 0 	 S.H..
0 	 O.H..
70 72 74 76 78 60 82 84 86 «8 90 92 94 96 96 100
P«CELS- PARCEL EDf.ES
TO" RfWt ASSESSED VALUE DF .. .. ROAn RF-D
FARMLAND 1 IN 11 CC, 0001 -- II TYPF 1 ROAD
KIDDLE ROWS fARUFT VALUC OF D. HH TYPE 2 ROAD
FttHLAN') ni llCOtOOOl tl VH TYPr 3 POAD
	 0 \!
	 0
	 0
	 0
	 0 14
	 B

	 B
	 0 16
	 0
	 0
	 B
	 B 18
	 B
	 0
	 B
	 B 20
	 0
	 0
	 0
	 0 72
	 0
	 B
	 0
	 0 24
	 0
	 0
	 0
	 B 26
	 B

B
B 21
0
	 0
B
B 30
. . . . . . C
HtllltfltHHitlll lUfH-ttltlHtfitltHttit
0
B 32
0
	 0
12. 11. 21 	 0
80. 73. 67. . . . . . 0 34
100 .100 .100 	 B
	 C
	 B
	 B 36
	 0





	 C

	 C
	 0

	 0 42
	 B
	 B
	 B
	 B 44
.... 0
	 B
	 B

	 0
	 0
	 B

	 B
	 B
	 B
	 0 50
	 0
	 B
	 0
	 B 52
	 0
	 0
	 a
	 B 54
	 C
	 C

	 0 56
	 0
	 0
	 	 . . B
	 B 51
	 B

	 Q .
	 B 6"
	 0
102 104 106 108 110 112 114 116 llfl
INTERSECTIONS
« TYPE \ TFBHTNAL
X TYPE 2 TtnxtNU
0 TYPE 3 TERMINAL

BOTT01 ROWI PCRCEfit Or PARCEL 00 00 JURISO CTION BOUNDARY
IH FARMLAND

                                                             55

-------
          V.    TYPES OF DECISIONS AVAILABLE TO THE
                   ASSESSMENT DEPARTMENT
   A.   Summary of Decisions
     The three factors considered by the Assessment De-
partment in determining real property value for tax purposes
are:  (1) property type, (2) property components (land and
developments), and (3) property location.

     Property Type - In the model there are four general
categories of land use? industrial, commercial, residential,
and farmland.  There are further breakdowns in each of
these categories;

     Industrial
       HI = Heavy Industry
       LI = Light Industry
       NS = National Services
     (The manufacturing types included under the HI and LI
     categories are shown in the Assessment Master Table)

     Commerical
       BG = Business Goods
       BS = Business Services
       PG - Personal Goods
       PS = Personal Services

     Residential
       RA = Single family housing
       RB = Town houses, garden apartments
       RC = Highrise apartment buildings

     Each of these land use types can be assessed for a
different  (or the same) percentage of their market value.
This percentage is called an assessment ratio.  Remember,
the market value is not set by the Assessment Department.
The department is only responsible for determining the per-
centage of this value  (whatever it is) that will be used
as part of the real property tax base.

     This procedure allows the local government to encourage
(or discourage) certain land use types by regulating the
relative real property tax they will pay.

     Property Components - For assessment purposes, privately
owned property can be  thought of as having two separable
components of value; land and developments.

     Land value is usually only of significance for those
privately owned parcels which have not been developed  (b.uilt
upon).  However, for certain purposes the Assessment


                                 56

-------
Department might wish to set the  land value of specific
properties or of land in specific locations.  The model
provides for both opportunities.

     The market value of land is  determined by the most
recent sale price  (as long as it  is not  less than 80 per-
cent of the prior sale price)(.  Land that is exchanged
between teams at a zero cost maintains its previous market
value.

     The market value of developments is determined by the
type and level of development and the value ratio.  The
assessment ratio of buildings, if set differently by land
use type, can be a factor in encouraging (or discouraging)
certain types of development.

     Property Location - The final determinant of property
value is location.  Many times the local governments will
wish to encourage  (or discourage)  growth in certain areas
under their jurisdiction.  Further, they may wish to give
a subsidy (or levy a penalty) on  land uses in specific
areas.

     This can be done in two ways  in the model;  first,
by locating the parcel(s) for special treatment and second,
by setting either a specific assessment ratio for the par-
cel or a specific dollar value for assessment purposes.

         B.   Input Format
     Local system decision-makers  (such as the Assessment
Department) use a standardized input form  (Figure AS-3.2)
when making decisions that must be processed by the computer.

     The standard message format is:

           $CODE/= dm/a, b, c, d,  ...

     1.  $CODE stands for the type of decision code.  The
Assessment Department has the option to make decisions that
use the following decision code:

           $ASMNT

     2.  "=dm" is the decision-maker, which for the Assessment
Department is ASl, AS2, or ASS depending upon the appropriate
jurisdiction number.  A jurisdiction number must always
follow the AS decision-maker code even if there is only one
active jurisdiction.


                              57

-------
                                          Figure AS-3.2-
                                                   Note:  When filling out this form, refer to
                                                          input description form in the manual.
                                                          Please write clearly; distinguish
                                                          between 1 (one) and "I"  (eye),  "0"
                                                          (oh) and "0" (zero); be sure to fill
                                                          in numbers exactly as required;
                                                          omitting commas within numbers  (100000)
Decision   Decision- *
-------
     3.  The columns "a", "b", and so forth are filled in
with the appropriate information depending upon the parti-
cular decision.

     Note that there is a slash  (/) after the decision code
and after the decision-maker code.  There  are commas
separating all other bits of information.  Note also that
the decision-maker code is prefaced by an equals sign (=).
                          59

-------
ASSESSMENT DEPARTMENT:  INPUT EXPLANATION FORM
Decision Decision
Type of Decision Code Maker
JURISDICTION-WIDE
ASSESSMENT RATIO
DEVELOPMENTS $ASMNT AS1, AS 2,
or ASS
LAND $ASMNT AS1, AS 2,
or ASS
FARMS SASMNT ASI, AS 2,
or ASS
a

two- letter
land use code
(RA,RB,RC,HI,
LI,NS,BG,BS,
PG,PS)
UL or DL
FR for all
farmland or
b

ratio in
tenths of
percent
ratio in
tenths of
percent
ratio in
tenths of
c

a
a
a
                             Fl,  F2...
                             Fll  for  spe-
                             cific farm
                             type
percent

-------
ASSESSMENT DEPARTMENT:  INPUT EXPLANATION  FORM
Decision
Type of Decision Code
PARCEL SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT RATIO
DEVELOPMENTS $ASMNT
LAND $ASMNT
FARMS $ASMNT
PARCEL SPECIFIC
DOLLAR ASSESSMENTS
DEVELOPMENTS $ASMNT
LAND $ASMNT
FARMS $ASMNT
Decision
Maker
AS1, AS2
or AS 3
AS1, AS2,
or AS3
AS1, AS2,
or AS3
AS1, AS2,
or AS 3
AS1, AS2,
or AS 3
AS1, AS2,
or AS3
a b
AD ratio in
tenths of
a percent
AL ratio in
tenths of
a percent
AF ratio in
tenths of
a percent
SD assessed
value in
$100,000's
SL assessed
value in
$100,000's
SF assessed
value in
$100,000's
c
location
location
location
location
location
location

-------
       C.    Sample Decisions

                 Assessment Decisions

     Assessment decisions are classified by scope  (juris-
diction-wide or parcel specific) and by type  (on develop-
ments, land, or farms).  Jurisdiction-wide decisions apply
to all parcels within the boundaries of a jurisdiction.

Jurisdiction-Wide (assessment ratio)
     Developments (by land use type)
     Land (on developed or non-developed parcels)
     Farms  (by farm type)

Parcel Specific (assessment ratio or dollar amount)
     Developments
     Land
     Farms
A.   Setting Assessment Ratios Jurisdiction-Wide

A.I  Developments - Jurisdiction 1 assesses heavy industry
       developments at 40% of their market value and business
       goods establishments at 80%.

A.2  Land - Jurisdiction 3 assesses land that is developed
       at 90% of its market value and land that is undevel-
       oped at 45% of its market value.

A.3  Farms - Jurisdiction 2 assesses all farmland at a rate
       of 42.5% and Jurisdiction 1 assesses Farm Type 1 at
       45.5% and Farm Type 2 at 37.5%.

B.   Setting Assessment Ratios for Specific Parcels

B.I  Developments - Jurisdiction 2 decides to make the
       assessment ratio for the development on parcel 9438
       equal to 59.5%.

B.2  Land - Jurisdiction 1 decides to assess the land on
       parcels 9030 and 9230 at 42.7%.

B.3  Farms - Jurisdiction 3 decides to assess the four
       parcel type 3 farm on parcels 10848, 10850, 11048
       and 11050 to 25.0%.

C.   Setting Dollar Assessments for Specific Parcels

C.I  Developments - Jurisdiction 1 decides to assess the
       development at 9040 at $31,000,000.
                                   62

-------
SAMPLE  DECISION INPUTS FOR THE ASSESSMENT DEPARTMENT
       Sample     Decision  Decision-
      Decision      Code      Maker
        A. 2        $  A$Mtfl7 " A5& /  PL ,
        A.2        $ASM/ifr/ -  As 3 /  UL ,
        A-3        $/45AWT/ - AS ^ /  r/g ,
        A. 3        $ AsMrJr/ « AS
        A.3        S
        B.i        $ AS/WT/ ~  ASZ  / AD
        B . 2        $ Aswirr/ B  Asjf  / 4/-
        B. 3        $ ASWfT/ m  AS'g  / /4f
        A.I        $ ASMVJT/ m  AS1  / HI  ,  40O
        A.I        $ A$Mltl? m  A SI  /  8£  ,
        c.i       $ ASlMfT/ • AS1  / 5P  y  3/


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    C.2  Land - Jurisdiction 1 decides to assess the land at
           9040 at zero.

    C.3  Farm - Jurisdiction 3 decides to assess the farm par-
           cel at 11648 at $700,000.   (Note that dollar assess-
           ment must be made in multiples of $100,000).

1.   Order for Decisions

         The  order in which  the assessment decisions are  input
    to  the computer is  very  important.  All systemwide  decisions
    within a  jurisdiction  should precede  any parcel  specific
    decisions.   For example,  a systemwide decision to assess
    all HI developments at 95 percent  of  their market value
    should precede the  decision to  specially assess  the HI2
    development on parcel  9242 at 75 percent of  market  value.
    If  the special assessment were  entered first, the systemwide
    decision  would negate  it.

2_   Undeveloped Land

         The  UD (undeveloped  land)  code refers to the land on
    parcels that are privately owned and  have no private  develop-
    ment on them.   It is not  the undeveloped portion of a parcel
    that has  a  private  development  on  it.

3.   Dollar Assessment Decisions

         All  dollar amount assessments decisions are of a one-
    year duration.   That is,  the parcels  and developments take
    on  the desired dollar  assessment only for the current year.
    If  the Assessment Department wishes to keep  the  dollar assess-
    ment indefinitely,  it  must input the  dollar  assessment deci-
    sions each  round.   All of the other types of assessment
    decisions remain in force until changed.
                                  64

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    VI.   MASTER TABLE FOR THE ASSESSMENT DEPARTMENT

                                     Market Values of  New
                                     Level One  Developments
Development Types                     (millions  of dollars)

Manufacturing

HI - Heavy Industry
     FL - Furniture and Lumber	300
     SG - Stone and Glass	240
     MP - Primary Metals	240
     MF - Fabricated Metals	320
     NL - Nonelectrical Machinery	150
     EL - Electrical Machinery	140
     TE - Transportation Equipment	180
LI - Light Industry
     FO - Food.	230
     TA - Textiles and Apparel	120
     PA - Paper	250
     CR - Chemical, Plastics and Rubber	250

Non-Manufacturing Businesses
     NS - National Services	50
     BG - Business Goods	25
     BS - Business Services	10
     PG - Personal Goods	30
     PS - Personal Services	10

Residences
     RA - Single Family	 1
     RB - Garden Apartments	 6
     RC - High-rise Apartments	25

Other Assessment Codes;

Jurisdiction-Wide Assessment Ratios:
     UL = Undeveloped Land
     DL = Developed Land
     FR = All Farms
     Fn = Type of Farm (Fl, F2	)
Parcel Specific Assessment Ratios:
     AD = Developments
     AL = Land
     AF = Farms
Parcel Specific Dollar Assessments:
     SD = Developments
     SL = Land
     SF = Farms

                                   65

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                     APPENDIX A
            Sequence of Computer Print-Out

     Although sections of the computer output can be dis-
tributed in any order and in any combination to players,
it is printed in a fixed order with which the director
should become familiar.  The overall order of output is:

     1.   Migration
     2.   Water System
     3.   Employment
     4.   Commercial Allocation
     5.   Social Sector
     6.   Economic Sector
     7.   Social and Economic Summaries
     8.   Government Detail
     9.   Summary Statistics
    10.   Maps

     Within each of these major output sections there are
several subsections.  An additional section of print-out
results from the processing of decisions on a data base.
That print-out, called EDIT, has no fixed sequence within
it; the order of decision input is the order in which EDIT
processes and lists player and director decisions.  The
EDIT print-out is separate from the print-outs listed
above.  These print-outs reflect the simulated region's
status in response to the previous year's data base and
any changes made to it through EDIT.

     Each subsection of output has its own title, but on
every subsection the heading for the data base and the round
number are printed.  A list of the titles of print-out
sections in the order in which they are printed and a des-
cription of each are given below and are summarized in
Figure 4.

     Print-Out Section                Description

1.  Migration

      Environmental         For each class which can live on
      Indexes               each residence parcel, this shows
                            the value of each component of
                            the environmental index based on
                            last round's pollution index, MS
                            use index and school use index
                            and this round's residence quality,
                            rent, tax rates, and welfare rates.
                             66

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                                                                     Figure  4
1.  Migration
2.  Water System
3.  Employment
                         RIVER BASIN MODEL OUTPUT

                      1.1  Environmental Indexes
                      1.2  Personal Indexes
                      1.3  Dissatisfaction Cutoffs
                      1.4  Migration Detail
                      1.5  Migration Statistics
                      1.6  Migration Summary

                      2.1  Water  User Effluent Content
                      2.2  Rivor  Quality During Surface Water Process
                      2.3  Water  User Costs and Consumption
                      2.4  Coliform and Pollution  Index Values

                      3.1  Employment Selection Information  for PL Class
                      3.2  Employment Selection Information  for PM Class
                      3.3  Employment Selection Information  for PH Class
                      3.4  Part-Tinio Work Allocation  for  PH  Class
                      3.5  Part-Tiro V-'ork Allocation  for  PM  Class
                      3.6  Part-Time Work Allocation  for  PL  Class
                      3.7  Employment Summary
4.  Commercial Allocation
                       4.1
                       4.2
                       4,3
                       4. 4
                       4.5
                       4.6
                       4.7
                            Personal Goods  Allocation Summary
                            Personal Services  Allocation  Summary
                            Business Goods  Allocation Summary
                            Business Services  Allocation  Summary
                            Government Contracts
                            Terminal Demand and Supply Table
                            Terminal Allocation l-'.ap
8.   Government Detail  8.1  Assessment  Report
                       8.2  Water Department Reports
                       8.3  Sampling  Station Report:  Point Source Quality
                       8.4  Sampling  Station Report:  Ambient Quality
                       8.5  Utility Department  Report
                       8.6  Utility Department  Finances
                       8.7  Municipal Services  Department Report
                       8.8  Municipal Services  Department Finances
                       8.9  Municipal Services  Department Construction Table
                       8.10  Planning  and  Zoning Department Report
                       8.11  School Department Report
                       8.12  School Department Finances
                       8.13  School Department Construction Table
                       8.14  Highway Department  Finances
                       8.15  Highway Department  Construction Table
                       8.16  Rail  Company  Report
                       8.17  Bus Company Report
                       8.18  Chairman  Deoortrent Finances
                       8.19  Tax Summary"
                       8.20  Financial Summary

    Summary  Statistics  9.1  Demographic and Economic Statistics
 9.

10.
     Maps
5.  Social Sector
6.  Economic Sector
                       5.1  Dollar Value of Time
                       5.2  Social Decision-Maker Output
                       5.3  Social Boycotts

                       6.1  Farm Output
                       6.2  Residence Output
                       6.3  Basic Industry Output
                       6.4  Commercial Output
                       6.5  Economic Boycott Status
                       6.6  New Construction Table
                       6.7  Land Summary
                       6.8  Loan Statement
                       6.9  Financial Summary

7.  Social and Economic Summaries
                       7.1  Number of Levels of Economic Activity Con-
                            trolled by Teams
                       7.2  Employment Centers
                       7.3  Economic Control Summary for Teams
                       7.4  Social Control Summary for Teams
                       7.5  Social Control Summary Totals
                       7.6  Economic Graphs for Teams
                       7.7  Social Graphs for Teams
                      10
                      10
                      10
                      10
                      10
                      10
                      10
                      10. 8
                      10.9
                      10.10
                      10.11
                      10 .12
                      10.13
                      10.14
                      10.15
                      10.16
                      10.17
                      10.18
                      10.19
                      10.20
                      10.21
                      10.22
                      10.23
                      10.24
                      10.25
                      10.26
Personal Goods Allocation Map
Personal Services Allocation Kap
Business Commercial Allocation Hap
Municipal Service Map
School Map
Utility Kap
Water Usage Kap
Water Quality Map
Municipal Treatment
Municipal Intake and Outflow Point Hap
Surface Water Map.
Farm Runoff Map
River Basin Flood Plain Kap
Farm Map
Farm Assessed and Market Value Kap
Market Value Map
Assessed Value Map
Economic Status Map
Highway Map
Planning and Zoning Map
Parkland Usage Map
Socio-Economic Distribution Map
Demographic Map
Social Decision-Maker Map
Topographical Restriction Map
Government Status Map

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     Print-Out Section
      Personal Indexes
      Migration Detail
      Migration
      Statistics
      Migration Summary
                              Description

                      For each class living on each
                      residence parcel,  this shows the
                      value of each component of the
                      personal index based on last
                      round's time allocation, resi-
                      dential crowding,  MS use index,
                      and coliform bacteria index.

                      For each residence parcel and for
                      each class which lived on the
                      parcel immediately before or
                      after the migration program ran,
                      this shows the number of Pi's
                      in the class now residing on the
                      parcel and of those who moved,
                      why they moved and where they
                      came from and went to.

                      Number of in-migrants, out-
                      migrants , internal migrants,
                      and natural population growth
                      by jurisdiction and class.

                      The number of Pi's who moved
                      between or within  jurisdictions
                      by class, by jurisdiction and by
                      reason for moving.
2.   Water System
      Water User
      Effluent Content
                      For each economic activity and
                      municipal water system,  the
                      volume of effluent dumped into
                      the surface water and the amount
                      of each pollutant in the effluent
                      after the effluent has received
                      any treatment.

River Quality During  For each of the five stages in
Surface Water Process the surface water process and
                      for the surface water on each
                      parcel through which a river
                      flows, this shows the water
                      quality rating, the volume of
                      water, and the amount of each
                      pollutant present.
                             68

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     Print-Out Section
       Description
      Water User Costs and
      Consumption
      Coliform and
      Pollution Index
      Values
3.   Employment
      Employment Selection
      Information for Low-
      Income Class
      Employment Selection
      Information for
      Middle Income Class
This shows for each economic
activity the amount of water
which it required, the amount
which it obtained from its nor-
mal source and the cost which it
paid to purchase water, to treat
its intake water, to recycle
water and to treat its effluent.

Map showing, for each parcel con-
taining surface water, the coli-
form count and the water quality
rating.  The pollution indexes
for such parcels and for parcels
bordering parcels containing
surface water are also shown.
Tabular output showing the place
of residence of all Pi's, their
employers, the number of Pi's
not employed and employed by
each employer, the salary of
each employer, the time units
consumed in transportation to
work, the cost of using an auto
to go to work, the costs using
a bus and/or rail to go to work,
and the route used to travel to
work whether by auto or public
transit.

Tabular output showing the place
of residence of all Pi's, their
employers, the number of Pi's
not employed and employed by
each employer, the salary of
each employer, the time units
consumed in transportation to
work, the cost of using an auto
to go to work, the costs using
a bus and/or rail to go to work,
and the routes used to travel to
work whether by, auto or public
transit.
                              69

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     Print-Out Section
      Description
      Employment Selection
      Information For High
      Income Class
      Part-Time Work
      Allocation For High
      Income Class
      Part-Time Work
      Allocation for
      Middle Income Class
      Part-Time Work
      Allocation for Low
      Income Class
      Employment Summary
4.   Commercial Allocation

      Personal Goods
      Allocation Summary
Tabular output showing the place
of residence of all Pi's, their
employers, the number of Pi's
not employed and employed by
each employer, the salary of
each employer, the time units
consumed in transportation to
work, the cost of using an auto
to go to work, the costs using
a bus and/or rail to go to work,
and the routes used to travel
to work whether by auto or public
transit.

Tabular list of residence loca-
tion of part-time workers, their
employers, the number of part-
time units spent working, and
the yearly salary rate.

Tabular list of residence loca-
tion of part-time workers, their
employers, the number of part-
time time units spent working
and the yearly salary rate.

Tabular list of residence loca-
tion of part-time workers, their
employers, the number of part-
time time units spent working
and the yearly salary rate.

Information by class and total
for the number of Pi's employed
at their design level or at
lower levels, the number unem-
ployed, the total number of
Pi's, the part-time units worked,
and the number of jobs full time
that were not filled by the lo-
cal labor force.
Tabular output showing the i-
dentification number assigned
to each PG establishment, its
                                70

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Print-Out Section
 Personal Services
 Allocation Summary
 Business Goods
 Allocation Summary
 Business Services
 Allocation Summary
 Terminal Allo-
 cation Summary
      Description

location, owner, level, ef-
fective capacity, actual
capacity used, price, and gross
sales.  For each customer it
shows the store to which it is
assigned, the customer loca-
tion and type or class, the cus-
tomer's owner, the consumption
units (including those for main-
tenance and recreation), trans-
portation costs  (shadow costs
in the case of residences)  the
purchase cost (total cost in
the case of residences), and
total cost.

This is identical in format to
the Personal Goods Allocation
Summary but gives details re-
garding personal services.

For businesses which require
business goods,  the format is
the same as for personal goods.
In addition, there is a section
called Government Contracts
which shows, for each school
and MS department, how many con-
sumption units it purchases from
each business goods establishment,

This is identical in format to
the Business Goods Allocation
Summary but gives details re-
garding business services.

Tabular list of the location,
business type (land use), and
terminal requirements of each
terminal user.  Each terminal
is assigned an identification
number and its location, level,
and usage are noted.
                        71

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     Print-Out Section

      Terminal Allocation
      Map
    Social Sector*

      Dollar Value of Time
      Social Decision-
      Maker Output
      Social Boycotts




    Economic Sector**

      Farm Output
       Description

Map showing the code number of
the terminal to which each ter-
minal user in the local system
is assigned.
This table shows, by team and
by class, the dollar value of a
time unit spent in travel.

By jurisdiction, by social de-
cision-maker, and by class, a
table in which each social char-
acteristic is a row and each res-
idence parcel is a column.  The
characteristics are descriptive
and financial.

Detail on who is boycotting, what
function they are boycotting,
and similar details about social
boycotts appear on this output.
Tabular list, one row per farm,
showing the farm code number,
farm type, nun\ber of parcels
comprising the farm, number of
percents of parcels comprising
the farm, the farm's fertilizer
level, normal income, actual in-
come, land taxes, and total net
income.
     *The dollar value of time prints a table for each jur-
isdiction, although at this time the value is set for a team
and class without regard to jurisdiction.  The rest of the
social detail prints in order of jurisdiction number, within
that in alphabetical order, and within that in order of class
(low first, high last).   Output for any classes which a team
does not control in a jurisdiction is not printed.  Likewise,
a class having no boycotts receives no boycott output.

    **The economic output prints by team in alphabetical order.
All of a single team's output is printed before; the next team's
output begins.  A team for which a section pf output is ir-
relevant does not receive that section of output.  For example,
a team with no residences receives no residence output.  Like-
wise," a team which has no loans outstanding as either a debtor
or a creditor does not receive a loan summary.  All active
teams receive financial summaries.
                             72

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Print-Out Section
 Residence Output
Business Output
 Construction
 Industry Output
 Construction
 Industries'  Contract
 Table
 Economic Boycott
 Status
 New Construction
 Table
 Land Summary
       Description

Tabular list of descriptive and
financial information about
each residence parcel which the
decision-maker controls.

Tabular list of descriptive and
financial information about each
business which the decision-
maker controls.  All basic in-
dustries are grouped together
and precede the group of per-
sonal commercial and business
commercial.

Tabular list of descriptive and
financial information about each
construction industry which the
decision-maker controls.

Description of all contracts
made by construction industries
controlled by the decision-
maker .

Detail on all boycotts in which
the decision-maker is either the
party boycotting or the party
being boycotted.

Detail on all construction  contracts
in which the decision-maker is  the
contractee.

Tabular list of the location of
parcels owned by a team, their
assessed value, percent that is
undeveloped and private, the
taxes on undeveloped land, the
percent publicly developed and
undeveloped, the percent un-
developable because of topo-
graphical constraints, the utility
capacity available and used.
                        73

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     Print-Out Section
      Loan Statement
      Financial Summary
7.   Social and Economic
    Summaries

      Number of Levels of
      Economic Activity
      Controlled by Teams

      Employment Centers
      Economic Control
      Summary*
       Description

Tabular list showing borrower,
lender, interest rate, years re-
maining on the loan, the original
principal, and the annual payment.

A cash flow statement showing ex-
penditures and income, a port-
folio of conservative and spec-
ulative stocks, a balance sheet
of assets and liabilities, and
the amount which the decision-
maker can borrow.
A table listing the number of
levels of each economic activity
controlled by each team.

Table showing the locations,
number of job openings, number
of Pi's hired, and salaries of-
fered by Federal-State Em-
ployers; table showing, for
each local government employer,
the location of its employment
center.

For each non-farm economic ac-
tivity, this table shows its
location, type and operating
level of activity, production
index (0-100) or occupancy
rate (0-120), net income, and
rate of return.
     *This table prints for each economic team in
alphabetical order.
                             74

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     Print-Out Section

      Social Control
      Summary*
      Social Control
      Summary


      Economic Control
      Summary
      Social Control
      Summary
        Description

For each class living on each
parcel controlled by a single
two-letter social decision-
maker, this table shows the res-
idence location, class, gross
income per worker, family
savings and total dissatisfaction
(quality of life index).

By jurisdiction and by class,
the number of Pi's controlled
by each social decision-maker.

This prints two graphs for each
economic decision-maker, in al-
phabetical order.  The first is,
for up to ten rounds, the aver-
age net income from the team's
economic activities each round,
expressed as a ratio of the
first round's net income.  The
second is a ten-round history
of the average rate-of-return
of the team's economic activities,
expressed as a percent.

This prints two graphs for each
social decision-maker, in al-
phabetical order.  The first is
a ten-round history of the average
net income earned by each class
which the team has controlled.
The second is a ten-round his-
tory of the average quality-of-
life index of each class which
the team has controlled.
     *This table prints for each social decision-maker
in alphabetical order.
                             75

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     Print-Out Section
       Description
8.  Government Detail*

      Assessment Report
      Water Department
      Reports
      Sampling Station
      Report:  Point
      Source Quality
      Sampling Station
      Report:  Ambient
      Quality
      Utility Department
      Report
List of assessment ratios,
special assessments and other
policies set by the Assessor.

List of intake and outflow treat-
ment plant locations, levels,
types, capacities, operating
costs, volume treated, income,
intake and outflow point lo-
cations, prices charged to
municipal water users, pollu-
tant concentration in municipal
effluent (for those districts
which are sampled).

For those economic activities
whose effluent is sampled by
the local government, this
shows the volume of effluent and
the concentration of each pol-
lutant after any treatment.

For any parcel on which the
jurisdiction measures the quality
of the surface water leaving
the parcel, this output shows
the concentration of each
pollutant.

Tabular list of utility plants,
their location, level, units in-
stalled from each plant, units
served, total operating costs
per unit, and income derived
from charges.  Also listed is
the charge per utility unit to
customers,  undeveloped land
and outstanding bonds.
     *A department's output is printed for all jurisdictions
before the next department's output is printed.
                             76

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Print-Out Section
      Description
 Utility Department
 Finances
 Municipal Services
 Department Report
 Municipal Services
 Department Finances
 Municipal Services
 Department Con-
 struction Table
 Planning and Zoning
 Department Report
 School Department
 Report
 School Department
 Finances
Summary of all current and
capital revenues, expenditures,
and new balances.

Tabular list of MS locations,
maintenance levels, value ratios,
effective capacities, loading
(units of capacity used), num-
ber PL and PM's working,  and the
MS use indexes.  Also shown are
the salary levels, contracts to
purchase BG and BS, the locations
of undeveloped land, and out-
standing bonds.

Summary of all current and capital
revenues, expenditures, and new
balances.

For each MS construction or
demolition, this shows the lo-
cation of the construction firm,
the MS location, the status of
construction, the old and new
level of the MS, the contracted
price, the maintenance level, and
the number of PL's and PM's
assigned to work at the MS.

Total jurisdiction population,
total amount of parkland, out-
standing bonds, and capital
revenues, expenditures, and
new balance.

Tabular data on school unit lo-
cations, levels, maintenance
levels, value ratios, students
attending, teachers, student-
teacher ratios, and use indexes.
Also data on undeveloped land,
BG and BS contracts and cost of
purchases, adult education sum-
mary, and several summary
school statistics.

Summary of all current and
capital revenues, expenditures,
and new balances.
                        77

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Print-Out Section

 School Department
 Construction Table
 Highway Department
 Report
 Highway Department
 Construction Table
 Rail Company
 Report
     Description

For each school construction or
demolition, this shows the lo-
cation of the construction firm,
the school building location,
the status of construction, the
old and new level of the school,
the contracted price, the
amount of federal-state aid used,
the maintenance level for the
school, and the number of PM's
and PH's assigned to work at
the School.

A financial report showing
capital and current expenditures
and revenues, outstanding bonds,
a summary of maintenance levels
and expenditures by road type,
a summary of road conditions,
a terminal status report, a
list of undeveloped land, and a
status report on available fed-
eral-state aid.

For each road or terminal con-
struction or demolition, this
shows the construction firm,
the location of the road or ter-
minal, the status, the old and
new level, the contracted price,
and the dollar amount of fed-
eral-state aid used.

A financial report showing
capital and current revenues and
expenditures, outstanding bonds,
employment costs, the amount
and condition of rolling stock,
the fare structure, passengers
and total fares by route, and
the number of passengers using
each segment of each route.
                        78

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     Print-Out Section

      Bus Company
      Report
      Chairman Department
      Finances
      Tax Summary
      Financial Summary
      Description

A financial report showing
capital and current revenues and
expenditures, outstanding bonds,
employment costs, the amount
and condition of rolling stock,
the fare structure, passengers
and total fares by route, and
the number of passengers using
each segment of each route.

This shows the welfare payment
per unemployed worker and the
financial summaries for munici-
pal services, schools, highways,
planning and zoning, utilities,
and the chairman's account.
Also included are the Chairman's
outstanding bonds.

Tabular list showing by the eight
types of local tax bases, the
dollar amount of the tax base,
the tax rate, and the revenue
generated.

Tabular list, for each depart-
ment, of current and capital
appropriations, federal-state
aid, total revenue, total ex-
penditures and final surplus or
deficit.
9.   Summary Statistics

      Demographic and
      Economic Statistics
Tabular list by jurisdiction of
population and its character-
istics, land usage, housing,
employment, earnings, income
from the national economy, out-
flows to the national system,
and national business cycle
effects.
                             79

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      Print-Out Section
      Description
10.   Maps
       Personal Goods
       Allocation Map
       Personal Services
       Allocation Map
       Business Commercial
       Allocation Map
       Municipal Service
       Map
       School Map
       Utility Map
Map showing the locations and
code numbers of all personal
goods establishments, locations
of all PG users, and the code
number of the PG to which each
PG user is assigned.

Map showing the locations and
code numbers of all personal
services establishments, lo-
cations of all PS users, and
the code number of the PS to
which each PS user is assigned.

Map showing the locations and
code numbers of all business
goods and business services
establishments, locations of
all EG and BS users, and the
code numbers of the BG and BS
to which each BG and BS user
is assigned.

Map showing the locations of
MS' s and their districts, the
locations of economic activities,
the number of MS units drained
by each economic activity and
MS use indexes.

Map showing the locations of
schools and their districts,
school use indexes, and the
number of children on each
residence parcel attending
public and private schools.

Map showing the locations of
utility plants and their dis-
tricts, the number of utility
units installed on each parcel,
and the number of utility units
drained on each parcel.
                              80

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Print-Out Section
       Description
 Water Usage Map
 Water Quality Map
 Municipal Treatment
 Plant Map
 Municipal Intake
 and Outflow Point
 Map
 Surface Water Map
 Farm Funoff Map
 River Basin Flood
 Plain Map
 Farm Map
Map showing the locations of
economic activities, the per-
cent recycling at basic in-
dustries, and the type and
level of basic industries'
effluent treatment plants.

Map showing the locations of
economic activities, the surface
water quality on those parcels
having surface water, and the
pollutant which caused the
water quality rating.

Map showing locations, types
and levels of municipal intake
and outflow treatment plants.

Map showing locations of munici-
pal intake and outflow points
and the utility districts which
they serve.

Map showing, for each parcel
having surface water, the volume
of water on the parcel, its rate
of flow, and the percent of the
surface area of the parcel
consumed by water.

Map showing for each farm its
type and where its runoff flows
into the surface water.

Map showing the locations of
river basins, the dam priority
of each river basin, and the
flood susceptibility of each
parcel in the river basin.

Map showing the location of each
farm, its owner, its code num-
ber, the percent of each farm
parcel which is ,in farm use,
the type of farm, and its
fertilizer level.
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Print-Out Section

 Farm Assessed and
 Market Value Map
Market Value Map
 Assessed Value Map
 Economic Status Map
 Highway Map
Planning and Zoning
Map
      Description

Map showing, for each farm par-
cel, its assessed and market
value and the percent of the
parcel which is in farmland.

Map showing, for each privately-
owned non-farm parcel, the mar-
ket value of 100% of the land,
the market value of the pri-
vately-owned buildings, and the
total market value of the pri-
vately-owned land and buildings.

Map showing, for each privately-
owned non-farm parcel, the as-
sessed value of the privately-
owned land, the assessed value
of the privately-owned buildings,
and the total assessed value of
the privately-owned land and
buildings.

Map showing the economic sector
owner of each privately-owned
non-farm parcel, its zoning,
the type and level of economic
activity, the level of utilities
installed,  and, for every par-
cel, the percent of the parcel
which is privately-owned and
undeveloped.

Map showing the locations and
types of roads and terminals
and the locations, types, and
levels of non-farm economic
activities.

Map showing the zoning classifi-
cation of those parcels which
are zoned,  the percent of each
parcel which is parkland, and
the percent of each parcel
which is public,institutional
land.
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Print-Out Section

 Parkland Usage Map
 Socio-Economic
 Distribution Map
 Demographic Map
      Description

Map showing the percent of each
parcel which is in parkland or
public institutional use, the
population served by the park,
and the park's use index.

Map showing, for each residen-
tial parcel, the type and level
of housing and the number of
Pi's in each class living there.

Map showing the population (in
100's), percent occupancy, and
quality index  (QI) for all resi-
dential parcels, and the value
ratio  (VR) for all private non-
residential developments.
 Social Decision-
 Maker Map
 Topographical
 Restriction Map
 Government Status
 Map
Map showing, for each class living
on a residential parcel, the
social decision-maker which
controls the class on that
parcel.

Map showing the percent of each
parcel which is undevelopable
due to topographical or other
restrictions (e.g., mountains
or military bases).

Map showing the locations and
levels of schools, municipal
services, utility plants,
roads, and terminals.
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