ORDES
PENNSYLVANIA BASELINE
Part 2 - Impact Assessment Data Base
Chapter 2 - Socio- Economic Characteristics
PHASE
OHIO RIVER DASIN ENERGY STUDY
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June 1979
PENNSYLVANIA BASELINE
Part 2 - Impact Assessment Data Base
Chapter 2 - Socio- Economic Characteristics
by
Richard A. Burgess
Rabinder K. Sharma
Maurice A. Shapiro
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
Prepared for
Ohio River Basin Energy Study (ORBES)
Grant Number R805608-01-3
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Figures iii
List of Tables iv
2.2.1 Demographic Composition . 1
2.2.2 Income 3
2.2.3 Employment 5
2.2.4 Housing 7
2.2.5 Governmental Revenues and Expenditures 9
2.2.6 Public and Personal Services 12
2.2.7 Agriculture and Natural Resources 16
2.2.8 Summary of Socio-Economic Characteristics 19
References 25
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
Number Title Number
2.2.1-1A Percent Population Change 1960-1970 27
2.2.1-1B Percent Population Change 1970-1975 28
2.2.7-1 Industrial Minerals Produced in Pennsylvania 62
2.2.8-1 Labor Market Areas of Pennsylvania 63
2.2.8-2 County Groupings Based on Ranking in Ten Socio-
Economic Measures 64
m
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
Number Title Number
2.2.1-1 Population Trends 1-960 to 1975 for Pennsylvania
ORBES Counties and Totals 29
2.2.1-2 Population Characteristics 30
2.2.1-3a Age Distribution as a Percent of County
Population 31
2.2.1-3b Dependency Ratios and Population for Pennsylvania
ORBES Counties 32
2.2.2-1 Income Trends for Pennsylvania ORBES Counties 33
2.2.2-2 Family Income 1970 Income Range, Percent of
Families 34
2.2.3-1 Trends in Labor Force 35
2.2.3-2 Employment Covered by the Unemployment Compensation
Law by Industry Group 36
2.2.3-3 Employment Characteristics, Durable Goods .,..,,,. 37
2.2.3-4 Employment Characteristics, Number Craftsmen,
Foremen, and Ki ndred Workers ' 38
2.2.3-5 Employment Characteristics Number in Management,
Administration, and Sales " 39
2.2.3-6 Employment Characteristics, Number in Services
Empl oyment 40
2.2.3-7 Employment Characteristics, Number in Trade and
Finance Employment 41
2.2.3-8 Employment Characteristics, Number in Professional,
Technical, and Kindred Employment 42
2.2.3-9 Employment Characteristics, Number in Non-Durable
Goods Empl oyment 43
2.2.4-1 Housing Characteristics 44
2.2.4-2 Housing Characteristics 45
IV
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Table Page
Number Title Number
2.2.4-3 Housing Characteristics 46
2.2.4-4 Housing Facilities 47
2.2.4-5 Housing Characteristics, Units and Rental Costs . 48
2.2.5-1 Government Revenues and Expenditures-1974 49
2.2.5-2 Act 511 Taxes Collected by Municipalities-1974 .. 50
2.2.5-3 Taxable Real Property Market and Assessed Values
1970-1975 51
2.2.6-1 Education-General Fund Revenue and Expenditures . 52
2.2.6-2 School Taxes Collected and General Fund Revenue . 53
2.2.6-3 Public Assistance Expenditures 54
2.2.6-4 Expenditures for Medical Care by Program Class .. 55
2.2.6-5 Health Care Statistics-. 56
2.2.6-6 Characteristics of Water Utilities and Sewer
Authorities 57
2.2.7-1 Agricultural Cash Receipts-1974 Percent of 1971
Recei pts 58
2.2.7-2 Land Use Inventories-1968 and 1974 ; 60
2.2.7-3 Crude Petroleum Shipments as % of 1970 Shipments 61
2.2.8-1 Aged Dependency Ratio as Percent of Total
Dependency Ratio, 1970 65
2.2.8-2 Population Density-1970 66
2.2.8-3 Median Family Income-1970 67
2.2.8-4 Percent Change in the Labor Force 1960-1970 68
2.2.8-5 Percent Chanae in Manufacturing Employment 1972-
1975 " 69
2.2.8-6 Percent of Housing Constructed, 1960-1970 70
2.2.8-7 Percent Change in Taxable Real Property Market
Value 1975-1975 71
2.2.8-8 Percent of Population Receiving Public Assist-
ance, 1976 72
V
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Table Page
Number Title Number
2.2.8-9 . 1975 Education Expenditures Per Pupil 73
2.2.8-10 Percent of State Contribution to 1975 per Pupil
Education Expenditure 74
2.2.8-11 Ranking of County Values for Ten Characteristics 75
vi
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2.2 Socio-Economic Characteristics
2.2.1 DEMOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION
Nineteen Western Pennsylvania counties are in the Ohio River Basin
Energy Study (ORBES) region. Figures 2.2.1-la and 2.2.1-lb indicate the
Pennsylvania Counties included in ORBES and the percent population change
by county for 1960-1970 and 1970-1975 respectively. Table 2.2.1-1 presents
the county level population in the Pennsylvania ORBES region for 1960, 1970,
and 1975. The population has declined in both absolute and relative terms.
The percent of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania population residing in
ORBES counties was 32.5% in 1960, 31.0% in 1970 and 30.0% in 1975. The
Pennsylvania population for these years was 11,319,366; 11,793,909 and
11,829,000 (estimate).
Considerable variation in population change by county is evident during
the 1960-1970 and 1970-1975 periods. Twelve of the nineteen ORBES counties
declines in population between 1960-1970 while only two-counties (Allegheny
and Lawrence) continued to decline between 1970-1975. The 1975 figures are
estimates and caution must be observed when using the values for measuring
population change. The general reversal in county population decline 1970-
1975 is however, rather dramatic.
Examination of Table 2.2.1-2 in light of the observations on population
change indicates that, in general, the counties having the highest population
growth rates are predominantly rural, e.g., Butler (70% rural), Forest (100%
rural), Indiana (74% rural), Jefferson (60% rural), etc. Table 2.2.1-2 also
indicates that the region has a small black population. The black population
within the region is concentrated in Allegheny County which contains 44% of
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the entire regional population and 76% of the entire non-white population.
In general, the more rural counties have lower percentages of non-whites.
Allegheny County is the only county that can be considered highly urban
and Beaver County (76.0) demonstrated the second highest percent urbanization
in 1970.
The age distribution in the ORBES counties, based on the 1970 census,
is presented in Table 2.2.1-3a. Comparison with State values requires that
some age groups he combined (as indicated). A measure based on the popula-
tion age distribution but more meaningful than 'indicators of central tendency
is the dependency ratio. The dependency ratio is defined as the number
of individuals of non-working age per 100 individuals of working age. The
total dependency ratio is calculated by combining all individuals 15 years
or younger a.nd 65 years or older and dividing by the number of individuals
between 15 s.nd 64 years of age. The resulting quotient is multiplied by
100. The aged dependency ratio includes only the number of individuals
65 years or older in the numerator. .:
The dependency ratios for 1950, 1960 and 1970 are presented on Table
2.2.1-3b. The total dependency ratio increased significantly from 1950 to
1960. It can be seen from Table 2.2.1-3b that the aged dependency ratio
increased as well (1950-1960) but was not solely responsible for the observed
increase in dependency. Thus there could have been a reduction in the work
age population or an increase in the young population. The latter possibi-
lity appears most reasonable. From 1960 to 1970 the total dependency ratio
decreased. The aged ratio shows an increase and although consistent, gener-
ally on the order of 1 or 2 persons, does not appear to be of consequence.
The net result for the 1960-1970 period is a reduction in the number of
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younger persons (less than 15 years) in the population. Even though not
too significant in absolute numbers, this is true in relative terms.
The aged dependency ratio and its contribution to the total dependency
ratio is significant for several reasons. First, when evaluating human re-
sources one must consider the source of people entering the labor market.
These individuals will usually be coming from the younger age group. The
services and needs related to an elderly population are another consideration.
As the proportion of elderly in the population increases the tax and revenue
base begins to decline. A final consideration relates to the health and
welfare needs of an elderly population, which is more sensitive to environ-
mentally related illnesses, e.g., bronchitus, asthema, as well as the added
social stress that results from rapid changes in community structure.
2.2.2 INCOME
Table 2.2.2-1 shows the income trends for Pennsylvania ORBES counties.
For 1960 and 1970 Allegheny County had the highest median family income
within the region. This is true as well for per capita income in 1969 and
1974. The county did not however have an unusual growth in income relative
to the other counties. Somerset County had the highest growth in median
family income 1960-1970 (88.3%) and Cambria County was second (80.2%). These
two counties also demonstrated the fastest growth in per capita income in
1969-1974. However, Cambria was first (58.4%) and Somerset second (57.1%).
The two counties demonstrating the slowest growth were Elk (50.2%) and
Armstrong (53.0%) in 1969-1970 median family income. During 1969-1974 Elk
(43.8%) and Mercer (44.4%) counties demonstrated the slowest growth rates
in per capita income. In absolute terms Fayette-and Green Counties demon-
strate the lowest income levels in median family income (1970) and per capita
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income (1969 and 1974). The percent of families below poverty level (in
: F
1970) is highest in Fayette and Greene Courities (17.6% and 17.8% respectiv-
ely) and lowest in Westmoreland (6.5%), Allegheny (7.1%) and Beaver (7.2%)
counties.
The distribution of families within income groups is shown in Table
2.2.2-2. Mean and median family income are also shown. The percent of
families bedonging to various income classes provides an indication of the
income distribution in all counties. Family income has a skewed distribu-
tion in all counties. The income curve is skewed toward higher income as
evidenced by the median income being less than mean (average) family income.
The modal income class is $5,000-$10,000 in all counties.
Nearly 44% of all families in the region reside in Allegheny County and
the regional family income distribution is heavily weighted by Allegheny
County values. On a regional basis 15% of all families earned more than
$15,000 in 1970. Allegheny County had 21% of its families in that category.
Mercer and Westmoreland Counties had the next highest proportion of families
in the upper income class, 14.4% in each county. Armstrong County had the
lowest proportion of families in the greater than $15,000 group (only 6.8%).
Greene County (7.2%), Fayette County (7.4%) and Clearfield County (7.6%) had
fairly low proportions of families in the upper income bracket.
Some discrepancy is observed if the percent of families below poverty
level on Table 2.2.2-1 is compared with the percent of families earning less
than $3,000 (Table 2.2.2-2). It would appear that the poverty level was
below $3,000 based on the proportion of families in each class. However,
eight of the nineteen counties indicate a greater proportion of families
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below poverty level than below $3,000 income (Clarion, Fayette and Mercer
counties are examples). The source of this inconsistency is unknown.
\
Comparison of family income based on Table 2.2.2-2 is suggested as
more reliable than figures related to poverty level.
2.2.3 EMPLOYMENT
A small positive change in the labor force of the region occurred
between 1960 and 1970 as shown in Table 2.2.3-1. A slight population decline
is observed for the same period. The sex composition of the labor force
shows a consistent increase in female participation from approximately 1/4
of the labor force in 1960 to 1/3 in 1970. This entry of females may have
contributed to the observed labor force increase within the region. Wide
variations in the labor force change during 1969-1970 occurred within the
region when examined by county. The range of change in labor force is from
-10.3% in Greene County to +14.7% in Butler County. For Fayette, Cambria,
Westmoreland, and Indiana Counties the change was -7.2%, -6.1%, +11.2% and
+10.2%.
In each of the above counties the change in labor force parallels the
population change during the same period. Additionally, the median family
income for these counties in 1960 and 1970 shows a pattern similar to other
ranking such as population growth. The migration of economically active
individuals within the region is probably an important factor accounting for
differential patterns of population change by county.
Employment in five categories (mining, construction, manufacturing,
utilities and transportation, and services) for 1972-1975 is shown in Table
2.2.3-2. Manufacturing activities employed the largest number of workers in
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the region., approximately 370,000 in 1972 and 1975. Employment in manu-
facturing, if considered a measure of productivity, indicates that on a
regional basis no growth or decline in production has occurred. On a county
level, large relative changes in employment (productivity) can be observed.
This appears to indicate that worker migration on an intra-regional basis
may be occurring. It is reasonable to presume that a similar redistribution
of manufacturing effort is occurring.
Services constitute the second largest employment sector. An employment
change fron 181,200 in 1972 to 196,000 in 1975 on a region-wide basis is
shown. Greene and Cambria are the only counties that experienced an employ-
ment decrease in the services sector. Forest County had a. 122.2% increase
and Somerset, the second highest relative increase, had a 38.7% change.
Allegheny County demonstrated an increase of only 6.5%; however, the abso-
lute change was nearly 7500 positions which represent over 50% of all new
service employment. On a regional basis, utilities, transportation and
construction did not demonstrate a major change in employment. Redistribu-
tion of employment within the region is indicated by the percent change by
county in conjunction with little observed change in the region as a whole.
With the exception of Allegheny County which had a 1402 employment decline
in utilities and transport, the number of employees involved is generally
much less than 500.
Regional mining employment increased by 20.1% between 1972 (28,278)
and 1975 (33,973). Only four counties experienced a decrease in mining
employment; Beaver (-10.4%), Elk (-26.5%), Lawrence (-33.7%) and Venango
(-15.4%). However, the absolute number of employees involved, 197, is
quite small. Of the 197 lost, 131 occurred in Lawrence County alone. The
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counties demonstrating the most r.apid increase in mining employment on a per-
centage basis are Clarion (56.9%), Jefferson (50.8%), Indiana (31.8%) and
Fayette (31.0%). In absolute terms a 55% increase in employment resulted
from increases in Washington, Cambria and Indiana Counties alone accounting
for 3170 out of 5700 new employees.
Regionally, a 20,521 person increase in employment occurred between
1972 and 1975, a 30% increase. 71% of the increase occurred in the services
sector and 28% in the mining sector.
A detailed breakdown of 1970 employment can be found in Tables 2.2.3-3
through 2.2.3-9. Caution should be employed if attempting to use this in-
formation for comparison with 1972 and 1975 data because the means of cate-
gorizing subclassification of employment into larger sectors is undefined.
The value of the 1970 data lies in inter-county comparison of employee dis-
tribution on a relative basis. For example, the metal industries employment
in Allegheny County compared to the remaining region accounts for 40% of all
identified metal industry workers in 1970.
2.2.4 HOUSING
Water service and sewer service provided to the 1970 housing stock in
the region and housing age are presented in Table 2.2.4-1. The reported
housing stock based on age is not equivalent to that reported by water or
sewer service.
Tables 2.2.4-2 and 2.2.4-3 present the housing age and services data.
For example, in Table 2.2.4-2 42.3% of all pre-1939 housing is shown to be
located in Allegheny County and 52.4% of all housing served by public water
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supplies is located in Allegheny County. Table 2.2.4-3 presents the pro-
portional (percentage) distribution of all-housing units by category (age,
water service, sewer service). By way of example, the table indicates that
5.2 percent of all housing units are pre-1939 vintage and all are located
in Westmoreland County. Similarly, 43% of all housing is served by public
water supply and is located in Allegheny County. In the region, of total
housing stock 57% was built prior to 1939 and 14% between 1960 and 1970. Public
Water Service is available in 82% of dwelling units and nearly 70% of the
houses are connected to Public Sewer Systems.
Table 2.2.4-4 presents information on the plumbing and kitchen facili-
ties available in the region's housing units. The counties with a small
number of housing units (and low population) generally have the lowest per-
cent units with complete facilities and occupancy. Forest County exhibits
the extreme in the region in all categories presented in Table 2.2.4-4. The
county is 100% rural, has the lowest 1970 population (less than 5000) and
smallest work force. Many small towns and communities' established in Forest
County were abandoned when forestry declined in the area. When compared with
other counties, Forest County has a higher proportion of elderly in its
population and a relatively low proportion of people in the 15-24 year old
group. In 1920 Forest County had a population of nearly 7500. Since 1940
it has never been higher than 5800. A similar population pattern exists for
Jefferson County, but this county does not present such a dramatic variation
from other Pennsylvania OPvBES counties. Nearly 50% of the area of Forest
County is contained in the Allegheny National Forest. The area is dotted
with seasonal cabins used by hunters, campers and other outdoors people.
Over 40% of Forest County housing was built between 1960-1970.
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Table 2.2.4-5 presents a distribution of housing units in eight rent
categories and the median.
Median rent is closely related to median family income in most of the
counties, e.g., they change together. Factors other than income do influence
rent as can be seen in Forest County where there is an abundance of "excess"
housing units. The median rent value appears to be reasonably close to the
modal rent class. The model rent class also appears related to family in-
come, as expected.
Based on the data presented in Tables 2.2.4-1 through 2.2.4-5 the over-
all housing condition in the Pennsylvania ORBES region is characterized by
a higher proportion of older vintage, dwellings ( > 50% of existing housing
is of pre-1939 vintage) and sewer service are related to the degree of
urbanization, housing age and family income.
2.2.5 GOVERNMENTAL REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES
Government revenue for the nineteen Pennsylvania ORBES Counties amounted
to $312,377,000 in fiscal year 1974. Nearly 63% of the revenue was collected
in Allegheny County alone. Allegheny County accounted for over 66% of total
region expenditures which were $320,311,000 in 1974. Expenditures on a
regional basis exceeded revenue by $7,934,000. In Allegheny County
$15,475,000 more was spent than collected by County level government. The
distribution and contribution of State and Federal funding to the expenditure
categories shown is unknown.
Revenue for fiscal year 1974 represents a 75.7% increase over 1970
(Table 2.2.5-1, not adjusted for inflation). Expenditures of the counties
increased only 50.6%, from $212,614,000 in 1970 to $320,311,000 in 1974.
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The increase of revenue on a percentage basis ranged from 29.2% in Fayette
County to 431.9% in Jefferson County! Excluding these two extreme values,
a range from 47.2% (Clearfield County) to 138.3% (Butler County) is observed.
Approximately 40% of revenues is obtained from taxes (range 34.8% to 81.5%)
and nearly 48% from other sources (range 29.0% to 53.3%) which includes
fines, forfeits, State and Federal grants, licenses, permits, county share
of liquid fuel tax, and revenue from the use of money and property. Region-
ally, the remaining 12% of revenue is derived from departmental earnings.
There has been a shift in revenue sources for the area. In 1970, 60% of
revenues came from taxes and 29%-from other sources. Taxes increased nearly
15% during this period, however, the "other" source of revenue increased
over 200%.
The distribution of monies into the five categories indicated in Table
2.2.3-1 has changed to some extent over the 1970 to 1974 period. The shift,
however, has not been extensive. On a percentage basis, welfare accounted
for 18% of expenditures in fiscal year 1974 and 17% in 1970. The "other"
category, which includes the cost of tax collection, highways, hospitals,
libraries, parks, airports, civil defense, employee benefits, insurance and
interest received a 2.5% share increase. General Administration and the
Judicial categories had reduced shares while Corrections amounted for 5.6%
of expenditures in 1970 and 1974. The "Others" category accounts for about
55% of dollar expenditures. This figure, however, is somewhat misleading.
Allegheny County devoted nearly 64% of its expenditures to this category,
the' next highest figure is 48% in Butler County. Expenditure increases over
1970 ranged from 12% in Clearfield County to 194% in Forest County. As was
indicated with revenues, when these extremes are achieved the range becomes
significantly reduced, from 29% (Elk County) to 145% (Clarion County).
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Municipalities in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania have the power to levy
taxes under Act 511 of 1965. Table 2.2.5-2 presents the number of municipali-
ties in each county, the total tax collections and the sources of taxes
collected as a percent of total collections.
Earned income taxes are the major portion of tax collections for muni-
cipalities in all counties except Forest County which relies on per capita and
Occupational Privilege taxes exclusively. The amount of tax collected is not
necessarily related to the number of taxing municipalities as can be seen
in Table 2.2.5-2. However, it is closely tied to total revenue as is shown
in Table 2.2.5-1. More detailed descriptions of revenue sources are not
readily available on a county basis.
A significant portion of local governmental taxes are usually derived
from property taxes. Table 2.2.5-3 presents the market value of taxable
real property for 1970 and 1974 through 1975. The assessed property values
are given as a percent of the market value. The total market value of tax-
able real property in the Pennsylvania ORBES region was $20,286,609,000 in
1975, an increase of 27% over 1970. Allegheny County once again significantly
affects regional values. In 1970 Allegheny County accounted for 48.7% of
the total value of taxable real property and 46.6% in 1975. During the 1970-
1975 period the market value of property in Allegheny County increased 21.4%.
The counties showing the greatest increased growth in property value during
1970-1975 were Forest (45.9%), Jefferson (45.7%), Clarion (45.5%), and
Clearfield (43.5%). The slowest increase in property values occurred in the
range of 20 to 27 percent and besides Allegheny County (21.4%) included
Mercer (20.4%), Greene (21.5%) and Beaver (26.9%) counties. Were Allegheny
County to be excluded from regional figures, the overall increase in property values
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1970-1975 would be 32%, a figure 18% higher than indicated earlier.
The expenditure of monies by various county services and assistance pro-
grams by category is not clearly defined. Some indication of the level of
expenditure in specific categories (e.g., education) can be obtained from
such tables as 2.2.6-1 - Education Expenditures.
2.2.6 PUBLIC AND PERSONAL SERVICES
Public and Personal Services include the social service functions re-
lated to health, education, and welfare. Additional services are the water
and sewer services that may be available through public facilities. This
section is a discussion of some of the social and physical services that are
provided within the OKBES region of Pennsylvania.
Education expenditures on a per-pupil basis are shown for 1971-1972
through 1974-75 fiscal years on Table 2.2.6-1.- The State General Fund con-
tribution is also given a per-pupil basis for the same years. The proportion
of total expenditures supplied by State General Fund monies for the 1974-75
fiscal year is given on a percentage basis. Statewide, 45% of total per-
pupil expenditures in 1974-75 made us of the State supplied monies. On a
regio.nal basis Allegheny County stands out as receiving a low proportion of
State funds.
Allegheny County consistently received lower per-pupil State funds and
made the largest per-pupil expenditures. . Beaver and Mercer Counties had
the second smallest State share of per-pupil monies, 49.4% each, which is
nevertheless above the statewide value. State funds provided the largest pro-
portion of per pupil expenditures in 1975 in Clarion (70.2%), Clearfield
(69.3%), Somerset (68.8%) and Jefferson (68.4%) Counties.
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In general, there is less than a $362 difference in per-pupil expendi-
tures between counties (the highest ($1,514) and the lowest ($1,152). Table
2.2.6-2 presents the amount of revenue gathered for educational purposes by
the counties over the 1971-72 through 1974-75 period and the sum of money
provided by the State (the funds upon which the per-pupil revenue, Table
2.2.6-1, were based) for the same years. The sum of these figures indicates
total expenditure for education. Comparison of the figures gives an indica-
tion, on a county-by-county basis, of the relative contribution by County
and State to education and the magnitude of county educational budgets.
Public assistance (welfare) expenditures for fiscal years 1973 and
1976 by county are shown in Table 2.2.6-3. The expenditures are given as a
total dollar amount and the cost per capita to provide the funds. The per-
cent of the population receiving public assistance decreased in all counties
(except Elk where no change occurred) from 1973 to 1976, an economically
optimistic sign. Per capita expenditures represent the amount of money spent
for each individual in the county. Thus the per capita expenditures can be
considered per capita cost of providing public assistance of the indicated
amount. The per capita expenditure when considered in relation to the portion
of the population receiving assistance gives an indication of the relative
amount of public assistance provided on a county-by-county basis.
The increase in per capita expenditure indicates the assistance reci-
pients are getting increased funds. At the same time the proportion of the
population receiving assistance has decreased. All counties except Venango
(-33.6% change in per capita expenditures) have increased the dollar amount
assistance per recipient since 1973.
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The per capita cost of public assistance varies between counties ranging
from a high of $161.05 in Venango County to a low of $72.04 in Forest County
for fiscal year 1976. Nine of the nineteen counties had a per capita cost
greater than $100.00, the average being $137.90, with a mean percent popula-
tion receiving assistance of 6.0%. The ten remaining counties had an average
per capita cost of $77.27 and the mean of the proportion of population on
assistance of 3.7% in 1976.
Table 2.2.6-4 presents the county expenditures for three program classes
of medical care; medically needy persons, cash assistance grants and school
medical care, for the fiscal years 1972-73 and 1975-76. During this four
year (1972-1976) period large relative changes in expenditures occurred
within each county in each of the three categories shown. The most consist-
ent change has been a decrease in school medical care expenditures in all
counties which ranges from -8% (Jefferson County) to -73% (Greene County).
In absolute terms the 8% decrease amounted to about $2,000 and the 73%
decrease amounted to approximately $5,100. The largest absolute decrease
occurred in Allegheny County -63.4% or $65,700. Regionally there was $177,400
less in school medical care expenditures in 1976 than in 1973, a 54.7%
reduction.
The expenditures for medically needy persons decreased in only four
counties; Cambria (-28.9%), Fayette (-80.9%), Venango (-45.0%) and Washington
(-3.4%) Counties. The most dramatic decrease occurred in Fayette County
where there was a decrease in expenditures of $7,000,000 over a four year
period. Allegheny County had an increase of 73.1% in expenditures which
/
amounted to nearly $18,000,000. The observed net regional increase in ex-
penditures for medically needly persons was $16,000,000. Because the net
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regional increase was $2,000,000 less than that for Allegheny County alone
($18,000,000) the remaining counties had a decrease in expenditures. However,
as a whole the region showed a 20.6% increase in expenditures. A 64.6%
increase in region-wide expenditures for cash assistance grants occurred
between 1973 and 1976 amounting to a total of $37,835,000.
Allegheny County increased cash assistance expenditures by $16.5 million;
44% of the regional increase. Venango County is the only county which de-
creased expenditures in cash assistance by 44%, amounting to $985,000. The
percent increase in the region for this program class ranged from 237% in
Cambria County to 15% Clarion County (with the exclusion of "Venango County).
The smallest absolute increase was $22,000 in Forest County (65% more than
in 1973).
The allocation of funds between the medically needy persons and cash
assistance grants may vary depending on the needs of the population served.
However, no apparent patern exists. Some counties spend a greater portion of
funds on medically needy persons programs (Clarion, Elk, Jefferson, Somerset,
Venango), others on cash assistance (Allegheny, Armstrong, Fayette, Greene,
and Washington), and still others spend similar amounts on both programs
(Beaver, Butler, Cambria, Clearfield, Indiana, etc.).
The number of persons per doctor for 1970-1974 is presented in Table
2.2.6-5. The number of hospital beds per 100,000 population and general
hospitals for 1975 are also shown on Table 2.2.6-5. The high concentration
of medical services in Allegheny County is quite evident from the number of
hospitals and low number of persons per doctor. Approximately 60 percent
of region doctors are located in Allegheny County, and approximately 80% of
15
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all doctors in the Pennsylvania ORBES region are located in Allegheny and
adjacent counties.
Physical services provided in the region are examined in terms of water
and sewer service. Table 2.2.6-6 presents information on water utilities and
sewer authorities for 1972 and 1975. The number of water utilities increase
only by seven from 1972 to 1975 (301 and 308 respectively) throughout the
Pennsylvania ORBES region. Although nine counties show a total increase of
15 water utilities, there was a total decline of 8 in five counties. There
was only a total net increase of 19 water utilities throughout the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania. There was an increase of 43 sewer authorities with no
reduction in the number of authorities in any one county. Regionally, the
number of sewer authorities increased from 127 in 1972 to 170 in 1975.
Public water supply was available to 82% of dwellings in the region
and 70% of the houses had public sewer connections in 1970 (Table 2.2.4-3).
There was minor growth in the number of water and sewer customers between
1972 and 1975. The number of metered water customers increased by 7.7% and
the water sold actually decreased by 2.9%. The increase in the number of
customers serviced by sewer authorities was less than 0.2% (943 customers).
Unique in the area of sewered customers is that some counties show a signi-
ficant reduction in the number of customers, e.g., 20,632 in Cambria County,
1855 in Greene County, over 4,000 in Indiana County and nearly 3,000 in
Westmoreland County.
2.2.7 AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES
The agricultural productivity of the region for 1975 compared with 1971
can be examined in Table 2.2.7-1. The cash receipts for nine categories of
16 .
-------
agricultural activity are given in dollar amounts and as a percent increase over
1971 cash receipts.
Elk County was the only county in the region to demonstrate a decrease
in total cash receipts since 1971 (-84%). The decrease is a result of re-
duced livestock production in all three livestock categories (meat animals,
dairy products, poultry products) over 80%.
The most striking observation is the consistency of the receipts in
several categories as a percent of 1971 receipts. Field crops (160%), Forest
and Maple products (40%), Meat animals (22%), Dairy products (34%) and Poultry
products (70%) show essentially the same percent increase in receipts for
each county. It seems reasonable in these instances that productivity did
not change between counties on a relative basis but rather the consistency
observed has resulted from price increases for the products. All counties
had a reduction in government payments (ranging from -96.2% in Elk County to
-35.1% in Armstrong County) and still managed to increase cash receipts by
more than one-third (excluding Elk and Butler Counties).
Table 2.2.7-2 presents the land use of inventoried land by county for
1968 and 1974. The total number of acres for 1968 and 1974 differ to some
degree due to the nature and extent of land use inventories. However, the
values are close enough that for practical purposes the land use categories
are comparable.
Regionally, the area of forested land remained fairly stable. However,
shifts of over 100,000 acres are seen in the three other land uses categories.
Greene County alone accounted for a 98,000 acreage increase in 1974 in the
"other" category and an 80,000 acre decrease in pasture land. 18,000 acres
17
-------
of pasture land were a decrease in Westmoreland County and an increase in
"other" acreage of 63,500.
The 133,400 acre decrease in cropland resulted from decreases of appro-
ximately 10,000 acres in Armstrong, Beaver, Butler, and Mercer Counties,
20,000 acres in Greene County and 40,000 in Westmoreland County. Numerous
other counties had changes of 5,000 acres or less. The decrease in crop land
and the observed increased receipts from field crops supports the supposition
that increases in receipts were the result of price increases rather than
production increases.
Pennsylvania produced over 3.7 million barrels (42 gallons each) of
crude oil in 1970. The ORBES counties produced over 20% of the State total.
Thirteen of the nineteen ORBES counties are oil producers with the 1970
output ranging from a low of 227 barrels in Fayette County to a high of
311,121 in Venango County (42% of the total regional 1970 production).
Table 2.2.7-3 presents the crude oil shipments of the ORBES counties
for 1970 and the shipments for 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974 and 1975 as a percent
of 1970 shipments. The State shipped 3.7 million barrels in 1970 and only
84.2% of this volume in 1975. The 1975 regional contribution was 138.3% of
the 1970 regional production, 33.9% of the state 1975 volume.
Six of the oil producing counties increased production consistently
during the 1970-1975 period. The ORBES counties have been, overall, in-
creasing regional production and shipment and supplying a greater portion of
state crude oil shipments. It should be noted however that 3,000,000 barrels
of oil per year are not a critical contribution to the national oil demand.
18
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Figure 2.2.7-1 indicates the types and location of industrial minerals
production in the region with the exclusion of mineral fuels. . The large
number of areas producing minerals for refractory and structural purposes
are indicative of the availability of regional resources for local develop-
ment of industrial activities and the export of materials out of the region.
The Pennsylvania ORBES region contains significant amounts of coal and
extensive waterways that can be included in a discussion of natural resources.
However, the extensive topics of water and coal are discussed elsewhere in
this report and will not be presented here.
2.2.8 SUMMARY, SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS
Presentation of socio-economic-data on a county level basis is convenient
for working within the recognized boundaries of taxing authorities and poli-
tical subdivisions. However, a significant disadvantage of this is that the
characteristics being examined are more meaningfully evaluated on a multi-
county or regional basis. Consider the labor market areas in the Pennsylvania
ORBES region as shown in Figure 2.2.8-1. Employment and labor availability
is best described by the combination of Allegheny, Beaver, Washington and
Westmoreland Counties which are within the economic sphere generated by the
City of Pittsburgh. Cambria and Somerset Counties are within Johnstown's
economic sphere. Not indicated are the economic centers outside of the State
boundaries which influence some Pennsylvania ORBES areas. Wheeling and
Morgantown, West Virginia and Youngstown, Ohio, have economic and social
influence that cross County and State boundaries. Such factors are rarely
defined when county level data are examined.
This summary will present an overview of material previously discussed
but will do so by addressing "subregions" of the Pennsylvania ORBES region.
19
-------
Combining county units into subregions based on their similarities may more
fully indicate the regional diversity and interrelations that exist from
a socio-economic perspective. The tables presented in this section will
group counties based on ranges of socio-economic characteristic values.
Selection of one or two measures from each of the preceding topics
are sufficient for grouping counties of similar characteristics. The
variables were selected to be representative of the category from which
chosen and, although possibly not the most reliable index of a category,
they appear sufficient for the purpose at hand.
Aged Dependency Ratio as a percent of Total Dependency Ratio for 1970
(Table 2.2.8-1) provides a measure of the proportion of elderly persons in
the dependent population. Four counties (Butler, Elk, Beaver and Westmoreland)
have a fairly young dependent population. Fayette, Forest, Greene, and
Jefferson Counties have a relatively large aged dependent population.
Population Density per square mile is indicated in table 2.2.8-2. The
counties in the Pittsburgh area labor market represent four of the six most
densely populated counties. The entire northeastern section of the Pennsylvania
ORBES region is seen to have low population density. These are the most rural
counties as well. The high population densities in Lawrence and Cambria
Counties are the result of influences by Youngstown, Ohio and Johnstown,
Pennsylvania. New Castle, Pennsylvania in Lawrence County also contributes
to the population density.
Median family income for 1970, in $500 intervals, is shown in Table
2.2.8-3. The Pittsburgh area counties constitute four of the eight counties
exhibiting the highest median family incomes. The influences of Johnstown
in Cambria County, Youngstown, Ohio and New Castle, Pennsylvania in Lawrence
20
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County are again evident. The four county group of Armstrong, Clarion,
Indiana and Jefferson form a geographic unit that fall in the" same median
family income group. Fayette and Greene Counties also form a small conti-
guous area with similar income characteristics.
Fayette and Greene Counties fall into the same grouping of labor force
change 1960-1970 (Table 2.2.8-4) and both demonstrate a labor force loss of
greater than 5.0%. Allegheny and Washington Counties had minor labor force
losses while Beaver and Westmoreland Counties (in particular) had labor force
increases. It can be seen that proximity to Pittsburgh does not necessarily
improve employment opportunity nor does nearness to other large labor market
areas, e.g., Cambria and Lawrence Counties and their associated labor market
areas.
When county percent changes in manufacturing employment 1972-1975 are
grouped (Table 2.2.8-5) an interesting observation can be made. Although
the overall region demonstrated no difference (see Table 2.2.3-2) in manu-
facturing employment, a relocation of manufacturing employment does appear
to have occurred. The largest increases are in the counties surrounding
major economic centers. Note the location of Beaver, Butler, Armstrong,
Greene and Venango Counties relative to Allegheny and Westmoreland Counties
(Figure 2.2.8-1). It appears that manufacturing activities have become in-
creasingly dispersed into local areas rather than maintaining a centraliza-
tion of activities.
Table 2.2.8-6 groups counties by the percent of housing built between
1960 and 1970. The groups not only reflect the development of new housing
stock but are similar to those groups that would result from an examination
21
-------
of 1960-1970 population growth. Butler, Forest, Westmoreland and Clarion
Counties demonstrate the largest proportion of 1960-1970 built county housing
and the highest population growth rates during 1960-1970. Butler, Clarion,
and Forest Counties also have had the highest percent change in real property
market value during the 1970 to 1975 period.
Clearfield, Indiana and Jefferson Counties have similarly demonstrated
a rapid increase in taxable real property value (Table 2.2.8-7). The above
six counties are all located in the northern half of the Pennsylvania ORBES
region.. Armstrong, Elk and Venango Counties have lagged somewhat behind in
the growth of property value. Fayette County when examined relative to prior
"rankings" is unusual. Generally associated with Greene County in most
characteristics, Fayette has experienced an increase in property value com-
parable to Butler and Indiana Counties. The percent population increase
1970-1975 does not appear to be an explanatory variable. Fayette's popula-
tion increased only 1.25% 1970-75 while Indiana (6.07%), Butler (7.98%)
and Somerset (3.56%) had higher percent increases. Allegheny, Greene and
Mercer Counties demonstrated the slowest rate of property value increase,
all less than 22%.
The amount of public assistance provided within counties varies with
income level, support from revenues, and the number of persons in the county.
Table 2.2.8-8 groups counties by percent of the population receiving public
assistance funds in 1976. Allegheny, Greene and Fayette Counties have the
largest percentage of their populations receiving assistance. This reflects
the employment level, income distribution and decreased economic development
in these counties. Table 2.2.6-3 indicates that all counties (except Elk)
have decreased the percentage of persons receiving assistance since 1973,
22
-------
yet the cost of assistance has increased. It is again observed that the
counties that border the Pittsburgh area to the north have a more desirable
situation in that a smaller proportion of the population received assistance
in 1976. Per-pupil expenditures for education and percent of State support
are the final categories for which county groupings are defined (Tables
2.2.8-9 and 2.2.8-10). Allegheny County stands alone in terms of high per-
pupil expenditure. This may reflect the large number of schools, transporta-
tion, and maintenance requirements in the urban area of Pittsburgh.
There is a fairly narrow range of expenditures between counties. Fifteen
of the nineteen counties have per-pupil expenditures between $1150 and- $1300.
Seven of these counties spend less than $1225 per pupil. The state contri-
bution to educational funds is not solely responsible for providing a more
equitable amount of expenditure within the region. Many counties with higher
per-pupil expenditures receive lower percentages of State support (e.g.,
Allegheny, Beaver, Mercer, etc.).
Taxes collected under State Act 511 (see Table 2.2.5-2) are used to
support educational programs. The amount of State support provided to counties
(Table 2.2.8-10) is higher in the counties that, in general, have a lower
medical family income and higher reliance on earned income taxation. This is
an apparent trend and is not an established rule for predictive purposes.
The large influence that Allegheny County has when regional values and
volumes are discussed was indicated previously. Allegheny County contains 44%
of the regional population, 62% of all region families which earned more than
$15,000 in 1970, 46% of the 1970 labor force, had an increase of 7500 service
employees from 1972 to 1975 (representing 50% of the total region increase),
and 66% of total regional county government expenditures in 1974. It becomes
23
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evident that presentation of absolute values will group counties on the basis
* '
of large populations and concentrated activities. Data presented on a strictly
percent change basis may be misleading because the rate of change may be large
while the volume of change is small (e.g., Forest County). However, the rate
of change is an index of improvement or decline of selected characteristics
such as labor force and does serve as a useful measure of county progress.
Tables 2.2.8-1 through 2.2.8-10 group counties on the basis of an abso-
lute or percentage change value of the identified variable. The counties
have been assigned unweighted rankings for each of the ten variables for which
groupings are provided. The result of the rankings is shown on Table 2.2.8-11
and includes a sum of ranks. The order of ranking was arbitrarily performed
such that the lower the number the more desirable the characteristic. For
example, from Table 2.2.8-1 Elk County was given the rank of 1 because it had
the lowest proportion of elderly dependents. Allegheny County received a
rank of 1 for population density (Table 2.2.8-2) since increased density
appears to indicate better opportunity, more available resources, and a dev-
eloped economic base.
The qualitative nature of the ranking procedure is evident. No variable
was given more weight than another and no county was weighted based on abso-
lute contribution. The result of the ranking procedure can be seen in Figure
2.2.8-2 where the final ranking was used to group counties. Counties were
placed in groups of four (three in the final group) solely on the basis of
rank. Thus, Group 1 consists of counties ranked 1, 2, 3, 4 (Butler, Beaver,
Westmoreland and Indiana) and constitute the counties with the most desirable
overall character.
24
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TABLE SOURCE
2.2.1-1 1977 Pennsylvania Abstracts, Department of Commerce,
Commonwealth of PA, 1977, pp. 16 (1977 PA ABST pg. 16)
2.2.1-2 1977 PA, ABST pg. 12-13, 1960 U.S. CENSUS, 1970 U.S. CENSUS*
2.2.1-3a 1970 U.S.CENSUS
2.2.1-3b 1977 PA ABST pg., AREA RESOURCE FILE, BUREAU OF HEALTH
MANPOWER U.S. Dept. HEW, 1970 U.S. CENSUS
2.2.2-1 1970 U.S. CENSUS
2.2.2-2 1970 U.S. CENSUS
2.2.3-1 1970 U.S. CENSUS, 1960 U.S. CENSUS
2.2.3-2 1977 data 1974 PA ABST pg. 139, 1975 data 1977 PA ABST p. 129
2.2.3-3 thru 9 1970 U.S. CENSUS
2.2.4-1 1970 U.S. CENSUS
2.2.4-2 1970 U.S. CENSUS
2.2.4-3 1970 U.S. CENSUS
2.2.4-4 1970 U.S. CENSUS
2.2.4-5 1970 U.S. CENSUS
2.2.5-1 1977 PA ABST pg. 288 1974 PA ABST pg'. 233
2.2.2-2 1977 PA ABST pg. 261, 262
2.2.5-3 1977 PA ABST pg. 237
2.2.6-1 1977 PA ABST pg. 152, 153
6-2 1977 PA ABST pg. 268, pg. 153
6-3 75-76 data 1977 PA ABST pg. 184 72-73 data 1974 PA ABST pg. 189
2.2.6-4 75-76 data 1977 PA ABST pg. 193, 194 72-73 data 1974 PA ABST
pp. 198, 199
2.2.6-5 1977 PA ABST pg. 176, AREA RESOURCE RILE, BUREAU of HEALTH
MANPOWER, UI.S. Dept. HEW 1975
2.2.6-6 1975 data 1977 PA ABST pg. 349 and 351 1972 data 1974 PA ABST
pg. 353, 354
2.2.7-1 1974 data 1977 PA ABST pg. 308 1971 data PA ABST pg. 312
25
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2.2.7-2 1977 PA ABST pg. 320
2.2.7-3 1977 PA-ABST pg. 317 " :'
2.2.7-1 1977 PA ABST pg. 315
2.2.8-1 1977 PA ABST pg. 127
2.2.8-1 to 2.2.8-11 Data obtained from previous tables
*1960 U.S. CENSUS AND 1970 U.S. CENSUS DATA COMPILED BY S.I. GORDON, DEPT.
CITY AND REGIONAL PLANNING, OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY.
26
-------
PENNSYLVflNIR ORBES COUNTIES
PERCENT POPULflTION CHHNGE
1960 1970
'1,0 OR GREATER
0,0 TO 3,9
-0,1 TO -4,0
-------
PENNSYLVRNIR ORBES COUNTIE-S
PERCENT POPULflTION CHRNGE
1970 - 1975
'1,0 OR GREATER
0,0 TO 3,9
-0,1 TO -/[,0
-'!,! TO -8,0
FIGURE
2,2,MB
oo
-------
TABLE 2.2.1.-1
POPULATION TRENDS 1960 TO 1975
FOR PENNSYLVANIA ORBES COUNTIES AND STATE ORBES TOTALS
County
Al legheny
Armstrong
Beaver
Butler
Cambria
Clarion
Clearfield
Elk
Fayette
Forest
Greene
Indiana .
Jefferson
Lawrence
Mercer
Somerset
Venango
Washington
Westmoreland
TOTAL
MEAN
MEDIAN
1960
1628587
79524
206948
114639
203283
37408
81534
37328
169340
4485
39424
75366
46792
112965
127519
77450
65295
217271
352629
3677787
193568
81534
1970
1605016
75590
208418
127941
186785
38414
74619
37770
154667
4926
36090
79451
43695
107374
127175
76037
62353
210876
376935
3634132
191270
79451
% Change
60 - 70
- 1.45
- 4.95
0.71
11.60
- 8.12
2.69
- 8.48
1.18
- 9.00
9.83
- 9.86
5.54
- 6.62
- 4.95
- 0.27
- 1.83
- 4.51
- 2.94
6.89
- 1.19
- 1.20
- 2.56
1975
1517996
76891
209328
138152
187851
40776
77842
38206
156607
5316
38558
84306
46245
106623
127741
78746
63516
214611
380289
3589600
188926
84306
% Change
70 - 75
- 5.42
1.72
0.44
7.98
0.57
6.15
4.32
1.15
1.25
7.92
6.84
6.07
5.84
- 0.70
0.44
3.56
1.87
1.77
0.87
- 1.23
- 1.23
6.11
-------
TABLE 2.2.1.-2
POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS, PENNSYLVANIA ORBES COUNTIES
LO
O
1970 Population
County
Alle
Arms
Beav
Butl
Camb
Clar
Clea
Elk
Faye
Fore
Gree
Incli
Jeff
Lawr
Merc
Some
Vena
Wash
West
PA. ORBES
TOTAL
Total
1605016.
75590.
208418.
127941.
186785.
38414.
74619.
37770.
154667.
4926.
36090.
79451.
43695.
107374.
127175.
76037.
62353.
210876.
376935.
3634132.
% White
90.67
98.91
94.27
99.50
98.03
99.77
99.67
99.91
95.56
99.15
98.96
99.25
99.88
97.28
95.73
99.75
99.25
96.25
98.23
94.53
% Black
9.19
1.00
5.56
0.34
1.85
0.10
0.20
0.02
4.30
0.02
0.93
0.60
0.07
2.58
4.13
0.15
0.63
3.63
1.62
5.33
% Urban
94.75
18.49
76.59
30.21
58.85
15.87
28.78
47.12
32.81
0.00
14.28
25.82
39.84
52.75
49.83
21.68
53.37
. 44.02
59.73
67.96
% Rural
5.25
80.85
23.41
69.79
41.15
84.13
71.22
52.88
67.19
100.00
85.72
74.18
60.16
47.25
50.17
78.32
46.63
55.98
40.27
32.02
Total
1628587.
79524.
206948.
114639.
203283.
37408.
81534.
37328.
169340.
4485.
39424.
75366.
46792.
112965.
127519.
77450.
65295.
217271.
352629.
3677787.
1960 Population
% Change
50 - 60
7.5
- 1.6
18.1
17.8
- 3.0
- 2.4
- 5.1
8.2
-10.8
- 9.3
-13.2
- 2.3
- 4.8
7.5
13.9
- 5.3
- 0.1
3.6
12.6
5.9
% Urban
93.2
23.2
70.9
29.3
60.6
13.3
28.4
52.0
30.1
- 0.0
13.2
23.8
40.9
52.6
53.8
21.0
52.1
41.1
60.7
66.9
% Rural
(Farm)
0.1
5.7
1.4
6.0
2.2
11.7
3.5
1.6
2.7
7.1
12.3
9.0
8.5
4.0
6.3
10.6
4.2
3.6
2.1
2.4
-------
TABLE 2.2.1.-3a
AGE DISTRIBUTION AS A PERCENT OF COUNTY POPULATION,
1970 CENSUS
Age Distribution, 5-Year Intervals
County
Alle
Arms
Beav
Butl
Camb
Clar
Clea
Elk
Faye
Fore
Gree
Indi
Jeff
Lawr
Merc
Some
Vena
Wash
West
STATE
<5
7.23
7.67
7.68
8.63
7.46
8.13
8.19
9.60
8.01
7.33
7.15
7.94
7.33
7.40
7.81
7.91
7.82
7.25
7.92
7.85
5-9
8.78
9.06
9.53
10.13
8.89
9.19
9.71
10.87
9.03
10.01
8.55
8.97
9.08
8.69
9.18
9.00
9.32
8.70
9.37
9.18
10-14
9.91
10.34
10.77
10.80
10.88
9.92
10.39
11.17
10.15
9.50
9.86
9.52
10.37
10.39
10.66
10.14
10.38
10.11
10.32
9.91
15-19
9.09
9.47
9.45
10.22
10.43
11.74
8.62
8.60
9.36
8.10
10.43
12.66
8.91
10.23
10.41
9.06
9.57
9.48
8.90
9.12
20-24
7.00
6.06
6.26
7.25
6.58
8.53
5.82
5.97
6.05
4.75
6.79
9.65
5.61
6.98
7.42
6.12
6.30
6.81
6.25
7.23
25-29
6.01
5.18
5.48
6.06
4.71
5.35
5.52
5.56
4.99
5.38
4.80
5.23
4.90
5.40
5.51
5.25
5.92
5.30
5.67
11
30-34
4.93
4.89
5.16
!>.41
4.33
5.30
5.02
5.43
4.55
5.52
4.23
4.75
5.19
4.75
4.81
4.92
5.43
5.08
5.29
.15
35-39
5.12
5.00
5.50
5.33
4.74
4.92
4.97
5.32
4.72
4.99
4.52
4.53
5.14
5.19
5.13
5.12
5.42
5.23
5.52
11
40-44
6.50
6.36
6.87
'6.16
6.16
5.45
5.91
6.11
6.29
5.26
5.67
5.61
5.93
6.39
6.24
6.24
6.54
6.48
6.80
.60
45-49
6.90
6.94
7.12
6.11
6.85
5.66
6.32
6.17
6.75
5.68
6.37
5.68
6.15
6.96
6.52
6.86
6.30
7.05
7.14
12.
50-54
6.69
6.42
6.73
5.70
6.86
5.37
6.36
6.00
6.58
5.70
6.40
5.75
6.30
6.57
6.11
6.45
5.95
6.96
6.66
85
55-59
5.97
5.91
5.70
4.86
6.21
4.69
5.63
5.28
5.98
6.09
6.10
5.12
5.90
5.74
5.32
5.92
5.36
6.11
5.74
5.58
60-64
. 4.93
4.93
4.36
3.79
4.90
4.31
4.96
4.45
5.15
6.21
5.49
4.23
5.22
4.42
4.35
4.97
4.68
4.75
4.52
4.74
65-69
3.82
4.14
3.23
2.99
3.78
3.87
4.20
3.42
4.21
5.56
4.33
3.32
4.40
3.54
3.49
3.89
3.65
3.55
3.42
6.
70-74
2.97
3.14
2.57
2.46
2.95
3.06
3.41
2.51
3.33
4.09
3.56
2.75
3.90
2.86
2.77.
3.25
3.00
2.87
2.64
70
75+
4.15
4.50
3.59
4.08
4.27
4.51
4.6B
3.54
4.85
5.83
5.44
4.29
5.66
4.50
4.28
5.01
4.35
4.28
3.83
4.09
-------
DEPENDENCY RATIOS AND POPULATION FOR THE PENNSYLVANIA ORBES COUNTIES, 1950, I960, and 1970
TABLE 2.2.1.-3b
CO
M
Dependency
County
Alle
Arms
Beav
Butl
Canib
Clar
Clea
Elk
Faye
Fore
Gree
Indi
Jeff
Lawr
Merc
Some
Vena
Wash
West
*Total
Aged
Population
(By Year)
1950
1515237
80842
175192
97320
209541
38344 .
85957
34503
189899
4944
45349
77106
49147
105120
111954
81813
65328
209618
313179
= < 15 yrs. +
= > 65 yrs.
Ratio*
Total
47.5
59.8
50.1
59.7
56.5
6 5. -8
64.4
57.5
58.7
72.2
61.8
61.6
62.6
53.1
56.3
61.5
58.9
54.1
51.7
> 65 r >
T >
1950
Aged
11.7
13.9
10.2
15.0
11.6
15.9
15.1
13.7
12.7
19.9
14.0
13.9
16.9
13.3
14.7
14.5
15.7
13.1
11.8
15 yrs.
15 yrs.
Population
(By Year)
1960
1628587
79524
206948
114639
203283
37408
81534
37328
169340
4485
38424
75366
46792
112965
127519
77450
65295
217271
352629
+ < 65 yrs.
+ < 65 yrs.
Dependency
Ratio*
Total
63.4
70.0
65.5
73.0
70.0
72.2
70.6
71.0
71.0
72.7
71.0
69.2
73.9
69.5
69.5
71.2
70.6
65.3
65.8
1960
Aged
15.7
17.3
13.7
16.8
16.8
18.8
18.4
15.6
19.0
21.9
20.9
18.1
21.9
17.5
16.8
19.7
18.6
16.9
15.6
Population
1970
1605016
75590
208418
127941
186785
38414
74619
37770
154667
4926
. 36090
79451
43695
107374
127175
76037
62353
210876
376935
Dependency
Ratio*
Total
58.4
63.5
59.7
64.2
61.9
63.1
69.1
69.8
65.5
73.3
64.5
58.2
68.8
59.7
61.8
64.2
62.7
58.1
60.0
1970
Aged
17.3
19.3
15.0
15.7
17.8
18.7
20.8
16.1
20.5
26.8
21.9
16.4
23.6
17.4
17.1
19.9
17.9
16.9
15.8
-------
TABLE 2.2.2.-1
INCOME TRENDS FOR
PENNSYLVANIA ORBES COUNTIES
OJ
U)
ALLEGHENY
ARMSTRONG
BEAVER
BUTLER
CAMBRIA
CLARION
CLEARFIELD
ELK
FAYETTE
FOREST
GREENE
INDIANA
JEFFERSON
LAWRENCE
MERCER
SOMERSET
VENANGO
WASHINGTON
WESTMORELAND
PA. ORBES
COUNTIES
STATE
MEDIAN
FAMILY
INCOME
1960
6173
5033
5777
5815
4753
4804
4640
5641
4291
4641
4441
4907
4568
5617
5872
4055 '
5307
5386
5597
MEDIAN
. FAMILY
INCOME
1970
10,090
7,702
9,428
9,032
8,563
7,635
7,488
8,472
7,170
8,291
7,337
7,947
7,520
8,664
9,287
7,634
8,248
8,664
9,293
9,558
% CHANGE
IN FAMILY
MEDIAN INCOME
1960 - 1970.
63.5
53.0
63.2
55.3
80.2
58.9
61.4
50.2
66.6
78.6
65.2
61.9
64.6
54.2
''58.2
' 88.3
55.4
60.9
66.0
PER CAPITA
INCOME
1969
3321
2390
2868
2604
2540
2308
2272.
2454
2164
2486
2185
2391
2370
2605
2733
2444
2481
2650
2848
3066
PER CAPITA
INCOME
1974
4924
3702
4481
3854
4024
3527
3470
3529
3323
3701
' 3348
3630
3565
3809
3947
3840
3767
3992
4187
4449
% CHANGE IN
PER CAPITA
INCOME
1969 - 1974
48.3
54.9
56.2
48.0
58.4
52.8
52.7
43.8
53.6
48.9
53.2
51.8
50.4
46.2
44.4
57.1
51.4
50.6
47.0
45.1
% FAMILY
BELOW
POVERTY
1970
7.1
8.8
7.2
8.6
9.0
13.8
13.8
7.4
17.6
8.9
17.8
11.7
13.4
9.4
7.8
11.1
10.6
9.7
6.5
8.5
7.9
-------
TABLE 2.2.2.-2
FAMILY INCOME 1970
INCOME RANGE, PERCENT OF FAMILIES
County
Alle
Arm
Beav
Butl
Camb
Clar
Clea
Elk
Faye
Fore
Gree
India
Jeff
Lawr
Merc
Some
Vena
Wash
West
REGION
Number
of
Families
408,693
25,270
54,917
32,012
46,436
9,480
19,441
9,445
38,782
1 ,240
9,464
18,745
10,282
27,915
31,441
19,981
15,345
55,176
99,572
936,119
Less than
$3,000
7.4
9.1
7.6
9.6
9.1
13.5
13.9
7.6
11.6
11.8
17.6
.11.4
14.8
9.3
6.2
11.6
10.2
9.4
7.1
8.5
3,000-5,000
7.9
9.9
7.8
7.3
11.6
12.5
12.8
9.4
16.8
5.2
15.1
12.7
15.2
9.4
8.3
15.0
10.5
9.5. .
9.1
9.4
.5,000-10,000
34.2
38.1
40.0
42.1
42.7
45.4
45.0
47.3
44.8
46.5
40.5
42.7
51.2
43.0
41.2
42.5
44.9
42.9
40.3
38.6
10,000-15,000
29.2
36.0
30.4
28.5
25.3
19.6
20.6
26.7
19.4
26.6
19.6
21.6
9.7
26.7
30.0
20.2
24.2
25.9
29.2
27.5
Greater
than 10,000
21.5
6.8
14.2
12.5
11.4
9.1
7.6
8.9
7.4
10.0
7.2
11.5
9.1
11.1
14.4
10.8
10.2
12.3
14.4
15.0
Mean
11840
8531
10122
9559
9503
8295
8064
9087
7594
8508
7589
9094
814"4
9254
9898
8676
8872
9243
10097
Income
Median
10090
7702
9428
9032
8563
7635
7488
8472
7150
8291
7337
7947
7520
8664
9287
7634
8248
8664
9293
-------
TABLE 2.2.3.-1
TRENDS IN LABOR FORCE
PENNSYLVANIA ORBES COUNTIES
OJ
Ul
County
Alle
Arm
Beav
Butl
Camb
Clar
Clear
Elk
Faye
Fore
Gree
India
Jeff
Lawr
Merc
Some
Vena
Wash
West
PA. ORBES
TOTAL
1960
Labor
Force
617985
26287
76176
39996
68143
13075
28618
14129
53270
1582
12573
25605
16773
41076
46941
26525
22271
76908
124602
1332535
1970
Labor
Force
617086
25999
77734
45889
63987
13284
27323
14738
49447
1694
11276
28219
16205
39888
47360
27843
21253
76497
138572
1344294
% Change
% Male
Labor Force
% Female
Labor Force
Labor Force
1970
in Labor
Force, 1960-1970
- 0
- 1
2
14
- 6
1
- 4
4
- 7
7
-10
10
- 3
- 2
0
5
- 4
_
11
0
.15
.1
.0
.7
.1
.6
.5
.3
.2
.1
.3
.2
.4
.9
.9
.0
.6
.53
.2
.9
1960
70
77
75
74
73
73
71
69
73
75
75
72
69
73
73
71
70
74
74
1970
64
70
69
68
65
67
65
62
69
69
70
65
65
67
68
66
66
68
68
1960
30
23
25
26
27
27
29
31
27
25
25
28
31
27
27
29
30
26
26
1970
36
30
31
32
35
33
35
38
31
31
30
35
35
33
32
34
34
32
32
Male
397738
18194
53260
31095
41879
8897
17758
9194
34075
1172
7860
18247
10467
26896
32036
18288
14027
52349
94597
Female
219348
7805
24474
14794
22108
4387
9565
5544
15372
522
3416
9972
5738
12992
15324
9555
7226
24148
43975
66.1
33.9
888029
456265
-------
TABLE 2.2.3.-2
EMPLOYMENT COVERED BY THE UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION LAW
BY INDUSTRY GROUP
PENNSYLVANIA ORBES COUNTIES
1ST QUARTER, 1972, 1975
County
Allegheny
Armstrong
Beaver
Butler
Cambria
Clarion
Clearfield
Elk
Fayette
Fores t
Greene
Indiana
Jefferson .
Lawrence
Mercer
Somerset
Venango
Washington
Westmoreland
1972
3,070
1,879
268
527
4,742
647
1,419
83
1,065
6
3,139
2,453
413
389
116
1,637
104
4,867
1,454
28,278
Mining
1975
3,234
1,933
240
623
6,010
1,015
1,807
61
1,395
D
3,546
3,233
623
258
127
2,009
88
5,991
1,780
33,973
Construction
Percent
Change
5.3
2.9
-10.4
18.2
26.7
56.9
27.3
-26.5
31.0
13.0
31.8
50.8
-33.7
9.5
22.7
-15.4
23.1
22.4
20.1
1972
25,244
464
1,417
1,198
1,665
275
664
178
1,017
27
79
495 -
329
654
928
. 591
430
3,008
- 3,738
42,401
1975
24,941
399
2,291
1,293
1,503
489
651
218
826
D
186
658
411
753
1,084
565
456
2,624
3,496
42,844
Percent
Change
- 1.2
- 14.0
61.7
7.9
- 9.7
77.8
- 1.9
22.5
- 18.8
135.4
32.9
24.9
15.1
16.8
- 4.4
6.0
- 12.8
- 6.5
1.1
Manufacturing
1972
164,195
4.009
37,479
13,283
19,674
2,665
5,906
8,306
7,707
515
736
5,366
5,386
10,387
18,323
3,991
' 7,460
17,626
37,164
370,178
1975
162,187
4,476
39,752
15,167
19,725
2,377
6,783
7,126
7,216
493
853
5,459
5,334
9,799
17,566
3,465
8,213
18,133
35,913
370,037
Percent
Change
- 1.2
11.6
6.1
14.2
0.3
-10.8
14.8
-14.2
- 6.4
- 4.3
15.9
1.7
- 0.9
- 5.7
- 4.1
-13.2
10.1
2.9
- 3.4
- 0.0
Utilities & Transportation
1972
36,453
1,526
1,918
1,727
3,063
758
1,443
515
1,952
69
548
1,374
497
1,645
2,600
867
1,349
3,157
5,805
67,266
1975
35,051
1,499
2,644
2,042
3,265
758
1,496
510
1,590
55
585
1,549
679
1,549
2,658
922
1,253
2,887
6,043
67,032
Percent
Change
- 3.8
- 1.8
37.8
18.2
6.6
0.0
3'.7
- 1.0
-18.5
-20.3
6.8
12.7
36.6
- 6.0
2.2
6.3
- 7.1
- 8.5
4.1
- 0.4
1972
113,810
1,550
.6,164
3,668
8,833
898
2,280
1,258
3,348
36
994
1,773
1,243
5,004
5,769
1,820
2,193
7,199
13,358
181,198
Services
1975
121,262
1,761
6,727
3,981
8,770
1,061
' 2,914
1,514
3,785
80
966
2,271
1,331
5,269
6,260
2,525
2,446
7,857
15,176
195,956
Perc;
Cham
6.-c
13..'
9.
8.'
- 7.
18.;
27.;
20.
13.
122.
- 2.
28.
7.
5.
8.
38.
11.
9.
13.
8.
-------
TABLE 2.2.3-3
1970
EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS, PENNSYLVANIA ORBES COUNTIES
DURABLE GOODS EMPLOYMENT
NUMBER EMPLOYED IN,
COUNTY
ALLE
ARMS
BEAV
BUTL
CAMB
CLAR
CLEA
ELK
FAYE
FORE
GREE
INDI
JEFF
LAWK
MERC
SOME
VENA
WASH
WEST
TOTAL
ME AM
MEDIAN
CONSTRUCTION
31703
1595
3047
2865
2510
918
2088
473
3117
118
1053
2051
1167
1634
1631
2062
1158
4314
6747
70251
3697
2051
MANUFACTURING
162639
8781
35791
15387
20110
3790
7874
7884
13777
644
1506
6523
5269
14654
19438
7262
7668
24802
52757
416556
21924
8781
FURNITURE
LUMBER
and
WOOD
PRODUCTS
1870
231
177
214
269
258
395
248
740
82
65
377
187
123
297
614
204
226
586
7163
377
248
METAL
INDUSTRIES
71049
2801
24923
6364
11499
226
485
1552
4801
136
224
' 2008
265
6207
7945
2013
1554
11438
20732
176222
9275
2801
MACHINERY
except
ELECTRICAL
15302
390
1485
1501
501
219
435
151
457
38
86
868
372
2656
1414
252
3288
1562
6770
37747
1987
501
ELECTRICAL
MACHINERY
and
SUPPLIES
14829
245
2883
498
276
83
676
4129
320
5
87
89
757
230
5082
111
117
3434
6407
40258
2119
320
TRANSPORTATION
EQUIPMENT
5746
403
178
1911
1164
355
219
25
850
7
112
79
82
897
2376
153
149
286
1909
16901
890
286
OTHER
DURABLE
GOODS
17467
3065
3210
2149
1142
1843
2223
675
3161
278
156
1203
2400
2917
1330
606
688
4171
8501
57185
3010
2149
-------
1970
TABLE 2.2.3-4
EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS, PENNSYLVANIA ORBES COUNTIES
NUMBER of CRAFTSMEN, FOREMEN, and KINDRED WORKERS
U)
oo
COUNTY
ALLE
ARMS
BEAV
BUTL
CAMB
CLAR
CLEA
ELK
FAYE
FORE
GREE
INDI
JEFF
LAWR
MERC
SOME
VENA
HASH
WEST
TOTAL
MEAN
MEDIAN
CRAFTSMEN
FOREMEN
and
KINDRED
WORKERS
84142
4141
15183
7913
10384
2067
4295
2516
8469
259
2181
4174
2892
7076
7660
4415
3629
13260
22260
206916
10890
4415
AUTO-BODY
and
AUTO- MECHANIC
WORKERS
6352
322
769
598
687
249
415
121
740
18
150
390
245
503
614
596
290
1014
1939
16012
843
503
MECHANICS
and
REPAIR:
NON-AUTO
11290
587
1589
1207
1484
269
604
287
1396
39
407
639
435
826
930
550
499
2182
2819
28039
1476
639
METAL
CRAFTS
except
AUTO
10861
521
2717
875
1281
104
356
716
822
34
94
' ' 306
339
1428
1421 .
315
620
1851
3944
28605
1506
716
CONSTRUCTION
CRAFTSMEN
19889
1126
3104
2283
2098
660
1346
365
2199
64
619
1169
781
1425
1691
1384
754
3167
5041
49165
2588
1384
OTHER
CRAFTSMEN
35750
1585
7004
2950
2934
785
1574
1027
3312
104
911
1670
1092
2894
3004
1570
1466
5046
8517
83095
4373
1670
-------
TABLE 2.2.3-5
1970
EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS, PENNSYLVANIA ORBES COUNTIES
MANAGEMENT, ADMINISTRATION and SALES
NUMBER EMPLOYED IN,
COUNTY
ALLE
ARMS
BEAV
BUTL
CAMB
CLAR
CLEA
ELK
FA YE
FORE
GREE
INDI
JEFF
LAWR
MERC
SOME
VENA
WASH
WEST
TOTAL
MEAN
MEDIAN
TOTAL
MANAGERS
and
ADMINISTRATORS
except
FARM
46453
1211
3782
2715
3601
746
1800
738
2343
117
707
1579
940
2276
2820
1523
1287
4868
8225
88212
4644
1800
MANAGERS and
SALARIED
in
MANUFACTURING
9104
123
656
466
290
60
187
182
172
15
51
143
106
278
403
147
269
754
1535
14941
786
187
ADMINISTRATION
SALARIED:
RETAIL
8974
243
754
543
756
134
399
128
568
8
115
356
128
503
684
245
260
1093
1631
17522
922
399
SALARIED:
other
INDUSTRIES
22133
501
1597
1253
1668
304
801
190
1418
74
347
689
407
1007
1085
675
556
2018
3250
38263
2014
801
SELF-
EMPLOYED:
RETAIL
3236
192
499
192
546
157
246
150
442
0
116
264
193
234
356
254
87
563
983
8710
458
246
SELF-
EMPLOYED:
OTHER
3006
152
276
261
341
91
167
88
243
20
78
127
106
254
292
202
115
440
826
7085
373
202
SALES WORKERS
TOTAL
51165
1401
4567
2675
4219
762
1496
790
2807
84
540
1641
865
2373
2784
1513
1148
4591
8862
94283
4962
1641
RETAIL
29333
1083
3445
1701
2853
572
1011
550
1975
59
380
1192
565
1591
1905
1061
688
3076
5925
58965
3103
1192
OTHER
21832
318
1122
974
1366
190
485
240
832
25
160
449
300
782
879
452
460
1515
2937
35318
1859
485
-------
1970
TADLE 2.3.3-6
EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS, PENNSYLVANIA ORBES COUNTIES
SERVICES EMPLOYMENT
NUMBER EMPLOYED IN,
COUNTY
ALLE
ARMS
[JE/W
BUTL
CAMB
CLAR
CLEA
ELK
FA YE
FORE
GREE
INDI
JEFF
LAWR
MERC
SOME
VENA
WASH
WEST
TOTAL
MEAN
MEDIAN
RAILROAD
and
RAILROAD
EXPRESS
8471
226
1799
358
1451
167
418
71
1310
6
14
306
497
812
845
367
211
744
1553
19626
1033
418
TRUCKING
and
WAREHOUSING
8593
499
927
963
724
269
521
110
605
20
64
296
262
848
527
679
409
1059
2500
19875
1046
527
OTHER
TRANSPORTATION
8097
140
908
345
308
. 75
163
42
494
26
116
176
101
232
327
171
90
761
1005
13577
715
176
COMMUNICATIONS
8182
305
475
497
604
84
247
120
411
0
149
183
124
457
223
281
269
664
1483
14758
111
281
UTILITY
and
SANITARY
SERVICES
9493
641
1025
661
1219
238 ~- --'..
450
236
1095
54
497
621
215
810
497
362
498
1502
2637
22751
1197
621
-------
1970
TABLE 2.2.3-7
EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS, PENNSYLVANIA ORBES COUNTIES
TRADE and FINANCE EMPLOYMENT
NUMBER EMPLOYED IN,
COUNTY
ALLE
ARMS
BEAV
BUTL
CAMB
CLAR
CLEA
ELK
FAYE
FORE
GREE
INDI
JEFF
LAWR
MERC
SOME
VENA
WASH
WEST
TOTAL
MEAN
MEDIAN
WHOLESALE
TRADE
27919
424
1273
1308
1660
284
756
160
1211
26
99
520
608
828
1032
656
329
1786
3502
44381
2336
756
FOOD
BAKERY
DAIRY
STORES
16655
762
1989
1132
2015
411
833
306
1510
28
327
849
498
1265
1265
761
585
2145
4115
37451
1971
849
EATING
and
DRINKING
PLACES
18333
590
1948
1024
1417
280
454
245
1285
45
164
805
390
908
1215
658
359
2084
3617
35821
1885
805
GENERAL
MERCHANDISE:
RETAIL
22723
512
2284
1015
2147
204
572
240
1157
57
118
- 747
204
941
1151
604
379
2015
3501
40571
2135
747
MOTOR
VEHICLE
RETAIL
SERVICE
10591
588
1365
1137
1529
364
743
194
1367
32
336
644
352
' 885
1262
763
437
1725
3098
27412
1443
763
OTHER
RETAIL
TRADE
32028
1241
3025
1977
2859
711
1388
753
2372
84
474
1324
750
2037
2382
1165
954
3639
6179
65342
3439
1388
BANKING
and
CREDIT
INSTITUTIONS
11909
228
858
536
745
159
295
114
628
22
166
263
158
409
519
291
355
783
1413
19851
1045
355
REAL
ESTATE
and
other
FINANCE
19907
256
914
859
886
126
413
156
745
0
93
330
197
934
595
391
456
1337
2199
30794
1621
456
-------
1970
TABLE 2.2.3-8
EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS, PENNSYLVANIA ORBES COUNTIES
PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL and KINDRED EMPLOYMENT
NUMBER EMPLOYED IN,
COUNTY
ALLE
ARMS
BEAV
BUTL
CAlMB
CLAR
CLAE
ELK
FAYE
FORE
GREE
INDI
JEFF
LAWR
MERC
SOME
VENA
HASH
WEST
TOTAL
MEAN
MEDIAN
TOTAL
100862
2519
8752
5854
7020
1464
2393
1711
4569
91
1114
3484
1429
4168
5878
2345
2494
8629
19064
183840
9676
3484
ENGINEERING
13504
. 148
1151
399
616
39
203
250
286
0
42
244
88
283
623
102
199
676
2614
21467
1130
250
PHYSICIANS
DENTISTS
and
RELATED
5446
65
371
213
372
51
115
71
179
5
49
79
49
222
278
119
95
337
634
8750
461
119
HEALTH
WORKERS
except
PRACTITIONERS
11827
348
1215
833
1221
96
310
279
616
0
159
419
169
659
731
380
451
1184
2441
23338
1228
451
TEACHERS
SECONDARY
and
ELEMENTARY
18142
836
2326
1664
2235
526
713
394
1743
36
376
981
482
1286
1716
926
706
2438
4803
42329
2228
981
TECHNICIANS
except
HEALTH
10098
380
987
653
489
106
281
284
418
0
33
307
116
314
622
197
292
909
2800
19286
1015
314
OTHER
PROFESSIONAL
41845
742
2702
2092
2087
646
771
433
1327
50
455
1454
525
1404
1908
621
751
3085
5772
6870
3614
1327
-------
TABLE 2.2.3-9
1970
EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS, PENNSYLVANIA ORBES COUNTIES
NON-DURABLE GOODS EMPLOYMENT
NUMBER EMPLOYED IN,
COUNTY
ALLE
ARMS
BEAV
BUTL
CAMB
CLAR
CLEA
ELK
FAYE
FORE
GREE
INDI
JEFF
LAWR
MERC
SOME
VENA
WASH
WEST
TOTAL
MEAN
MEDIAN
FOOD
and
KINDRED
PRODUCTS
10906
355
457
361
703
223
465
70
399
0
62
177
100
398
303
519
99
625
1465
17687
931
361
TEXTILES
and
FABRICATED
TEXTILE
PRODUCTS
1567
343
205
355
3273
28
1479
5
1529
7
372
640
361
221
40
2308
63
664
1129
14589
767
361
PRINTING
PUBLISHING
and
ALLIED
INDUSTRIES
8207
132
488
303
459
58
164
48
290
5
123
230
130
285
225
178
362
493
1343
13523
711
230
CHEMICALS
and
ALLIED
PRODUCTS
6189
339
1167
382
101
63
34
156
281
5
21
53
72
165
86
47
88
624
786
10659
561
101
OTHER
NON-DURABLE
GOODS
9507
477
618
1349
723
434
1299
825
349
81
197
799
533
555
340
461
1056
1279
3129
24011
1263
1 618
-------
TABLE 2.2.4.-1
HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS, PENNSYLVANIA ORBES COUNTIES
Year Built
County
Alle
Amis
Beav
But!
Camb
Clar
Clea
Elk
Faye
Fore
Gree
Indi
Jeff
Lawr
Merc
Some
Vena
Wash
West
TOTAL
MEAN
MEDIAN
Pre 39
291827
16807
32440
19645
39357
8122
18906
7358
36549
1333
8888
15361
11918
21170
23308
16510
14807
42652
62147
689605
36295
18906
1940-49
66580
2153
9907
3803
5758
999
1769
1047
4407
338
1468
1778
813
2835
3732
2510
1325
5337
11673
128232
6749
2510
1950-59
102203
3636
14503
7732
8764
1383
2781
2087
5815
1117
1055
2828
1589
5818
7045
3131
2118
10630
25522
209757
11039
3636
1960-70
72579
3104
9092
8369
4781
2103
2426
1619
5107
1905
1092
3890
1416
4089
5945
3294
2369
10414
23094
166708
8774
3890
Water Service
Public
512509
13319
52526
18098
51689
5719
17372
9328
40465
1306
7514
13282
9214
24581
25629
15373
12851
52209
96059
979063
51530
17372
Well
17555
10104
12240
19114
5105
4990
6552
2082
7929
1631
3581
8587
4658
9290
13406
6737
6025
12130
19209
170925
8996
7929
Other
3057
2261
1144
2359
1856
1887
1971
719
3451
1796
1409
2483
1854
558
990
3315
1771
4691
5109
42681
2246
1887
Sewer Service
Public
486058
8984
44055
15471
42531
4187
11836
7272
22802
390
4632
9429
7452
18626
25307
9645
12084
34758
65933
831452
43760
12084
Septic
Tank
43981
14508
20765
22575
13697
7290
11201
4080
23689
2200
5872
12699
7218
15149
13875
13285
. 6996
30887
50324
320291
16857
13697
Other
3082
2192
1090
1525
2422
1119
2858
111
5374
2143
2000
2244
1056
654
843
2495
1567
3385
4120
40946
2155
2143
-------
TABLE 2.2.4.-2
HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS, PENNSYLVANIA ORBES COUNTIES
County
Alle
Arms
Beav
But!
Camb
Clar
Clea
Elk
Faye
Fore
Gree
Indi
Jeff
Lawr
Merc
Some
Vena
Wash
West
Pre 39
42.32
2.44
4.70
2.85
5.71
1.18
2.74
1.07
5.30
0.19
1.29
2.30
1.73
3.07
3.38
2.39
2.15
6.18
9.01
Year
1940-49
51.92
1.68
7.73
2.97
4.49
0.78
1.38
0.82
3.44
0.26
1.14
1.39
0.63
2.21
2.91
1.96
1.03
4.16
9.10
Built
1950-59
48.72
1.73
6.91
3.69
4.18
0.66
1.33
0.99
2.77
0.53
0.50
1.35
0.76
2.77
3.36
1.49
1.01
5.07
12.17
Water Service
1960-70
43.54
1.86
5.45
5.02
2.87
1.26
1.46
0.97
3.06
1.14
0.66
2.33
0.85
2.45
3.57
1.98
1.43
6.25
13.85
Public
52.35
1.36
5.36
1.85
5.28
0.58
1.77
0.95
4.14
0.13
0.77
1.36
0.94
2.51
2.62
1.57
1.31
5.33
9.81
Well
10.27
5.91
7.16
11.18
2.99
2.92
3.83
1.22
4.64
0.95
2.10
5.02
2.73
5.44
7.84
. 3.94
3.52
7.10
11.24
Other
7.16
5.30
2.68
5.53
4.35
4.42
4.62
1.68
8.09
4.21
3.30
5.82
4.34
1.31
2.32
7.77
4.15
10.99
11.97
Sewer Service
Public
58.46
1 .08
5.30
1.86
5.12
0.50
1.42
0.87
2.74
0.05
0.56
1.13
0.90
2.24
3.04
1.16
1.45
4.18
7.93
Septic
13.73
4.53
6.48
7.05
4.28
2.28
3.50
1.27
7.40
0.69
1.83
3.96
2.25
4.73
4.33
4.15
2.18
9.64
15.71
Other
7.53
5.35
2.66
3.72
5.92
2.73
6.98
1.90
13.12
5.23
4.88
5.48
2.58
1 .60
2.06
6.09
3.83
8.27
10.06
*Presented as percent of column totals
-------
Total 2.2.4 - 3
Housing Characteristics, Pennsylvania ORBES Counties
Year Built
CTi
Water Service
Sewer Service
1960-70
Alle
Arms
Beav
Butl
Camb
Clar
Clea
Elk
Faye
Fore
Gree
Indi
Jeff
awr
flerc
Some
Vena
Wash
West
Total
24.43
1.41
2.72
1.64
3.30
0.68
1 .58
0.62
3.06
0.11
0.74
1 .33
1.00
1 .77
1.95
1 . 30 '
1.24
3.57
5.20
57.74
5.57
0.18
0.83
0.32
0.48
0.08
0.15
0.09
0.37
0.03
0.12
0.15
0.07
0.24
0.31
0.21
0.11
0.45
0.98
10.73
8.56
0.30
1.21
0.65 .
0.73
0.12
0.23
0.17
0.49
0.09
0.09
0.24
0.13
0.49
0.59
0.26
0.18
0.89
2.14
17. 5£
6.08
0.26
0.76
0.70
0.40
0.18
0.20
0.14
0.43
0.16
0.09
0.33
0.12
0.34
0.50
0.28
0.20
K93
13. 9&
42.97
1.12
4.40
1.52
4.33
0.48
1.46
0.78
3.39
0.11
0.63
1.11
0.77
2.06
2.15
1.29
1.08
4.38
8.05
82.04
1.47
0.85
1.03
1.60
0.43
0.42
0.55
0.17
' 0.66
0.14
0.30
0.72
0.39
0.78
1.12
0.56
0.51
1.02
1.61
14.33
0.26
0.19
0.10
0.20
0.16
0.16
0.17
0.06
0.29
0.15
0.12
0.21
0.16
0.05
0.08 .
0.28
0.15
0.39
0.43
a. 58
40.75
0.75
3.69
1.30
3.57
0.35
0.99
0.61
1.91
0.03
0.39
0.79
0.62
1.56
2.12
0.81
1.01
2.91
5.53
69.71
3.69
1.22
1.74
1.89
1 .15
0.61
0.94
0.34
1.99
0.18
0.49
1 .06
0.61
1.27
1.16
1.11
0.59
2.59
4.22
26.85.
0.26
0.18
0.09
0.13
0 20
U f \J
0.09
0.24
0.07
0.45
. O.'lS
0.17
0 19
\J t -/
0.09
0.05
0.07
0.21
0,13
0.28
0.35
-3,43
* Presented as per cent
of total units in each
of the three categories.
-------
HOUSING FACILITIES, PENNSYLVANIA ORRES COUNTIES
Plumbing, %Units
.Allegheny
Armstrong
Beaver
Butler
Cambria
Clarion
Clearfield
Elk
Fayette
Forest
Greene
Indiana
Jefferson
Lawrence
Mercer
Somerset
Venango
Washington
Westmoreland
PA
ORBES Total
Total Year
Round Units
533,196
25,614
65,930
39,453
58,641
12,588
25,939
12,090
51,846
3,893
12,512
24,354
15,698
34,399
39,399
25,374
20,428
69,045
120,262
Percent
Occupied
96.0
94.4
97.2
94.4
96.5
91.1
91.4
92.0
94.7
41.4
92.6
94.1
91.3
96.1
96.0
95.0
92.0
95.8
96.8
1,191,251
95.5
All Facilities
96.0
90.3
96.4
94.9
91.8
88.8
95.6
92.9
86.8
61.2
83.2
87.1
90.1
96.4
96.0
88.3
93.8
93.1
95.2
94.0
,3
.2
Lack Some
4.0
10.1
3.6
5.4
8.2
11.
14.
7.4
13.3
59.4
16.7
13.0
10.2
3.8
4.1
11.9
7.2
6.9
5.0
6.1
Lack Hot Lack Other
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.3
1.3
0.9
1.7
0.2
0.9
1.0
0.2
1.0
0.8
0.2
0.2
1.4
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.5
3.6
9.6
3.1
5.1
6.9
10.4
12.5
7.2
12.3
58.
16.
12.0
9.4
3.5
3.8
10.5
6.5
6.2
4.4
5.6
.4
,5
Kitchen %
Exclusive
Use
98.2
95.8
98.2
97.2
96.9
94.3
94.0
95.4
95.1
76.7
90.4
94.9
94.3
97.6
97.9
95.6
97.4
97.1
98.3
Share
dose
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
8-2
°.o
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Incomplete
Fadlitiec
1.5
4.4
1.7
3.0
3.0
5.7
5.7
4.8
4.9
43.9
9.5
5.0
5.9
2.5
2.1
4.5
3.6
2.8
1.8
97.4
0.2
2.6
-------
TABLE 2.2.4-5
Housing Characteristics, Pennsylvania ORBES Counties
CO
$30-39 $40-59 $60-79 $80-99
Housing Units, Rental Cost
Median MEDIAN
$100-149 $150-199 $200+ Rent FAMILY
INCOME
Alle
Arms
Bea v
Butl
Canib
Clar
Clea
Elk
Faye
Fore
Gree
Incli
Jeff
Lawr
Merc
Some
Vena
Wash
West
716
- 142
103
57
252
66
121
10
549
16
80
148
79
119
37
238
65
311
379
4,212
272
519
328
788
66
242
40
714
5
185
212
145
256
118
342
153
519
757
15,174
1,055
1,513
685
3,042
357
1,051
269
3,377
50
582
824
718
1,119
763
1,258
588
2,491
3,269
29,668
1,703
3,290
1,578
4,622
614
1,380
515
4,174
77
721
1,181
1,070
1 ,865
1,661
1,452
1,270
4,600
6,151
36,071
1,161
4,190
1,683
3,620
493
1,045
497
2,410
28
398
904
539
1,766
2,026
816
1,065
3,635
5,893
52,443
766
4,152
2,123
2,540
445
679
462
1 ,558
29
332
1,150
244
1,588
2,218
462
657
3,623
6,475
22,305
81
757
646
372
66
85
52
264
0
58
424
35
218
569
74
143
686
1,919
10,879
27
140
110
85
19
21
8
18
0
10
135
9
44
110
27
5
138
371
100
73
88
92-
76
79 "
73
83 -
69
68
69
82-
68
81-
91-
67
78
80
86
10,090
7,702
9,428
' 9,032
8,563
7,635
7,488
8,472
7,150
8,291
7,337
7,947
7,520
8,664
9,287
7,634
8,248
8,664
9,293
520
256
2,010
1,051
3,557
1,578
3,592
1,161
4,313
1,150
1 ,597
220
675
27
79
79
-------
TABLE 2.2.5.-1
GOVERNMENT REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES
PENNSYLVANIA ORBES COUNTIES 1974
REVENUE (x $1000) % OF TOTAL BY SOURCE
DEPT.
TOTAL GEN. TAXES EARNINGS OTHER TOTAL
ALLEGHENY
ARMSTRONG .
BEAVER
CUTLER
CAML1RIA
CLARION
CIFARFIELO
ELK
FAYETTE
FOREST
GREENE
INDIANA
JEFFERSON
LAWRENCE
MERCER
SOMERSET
VENANGO
WASHINGTON
WESTMORELAND
196,462
3,046
16,600
7,174
12,506
1,334
2,804
1,751
5,562
314
3, 464
3.7CO
7,611
4,402
6,540
3,370
3,206
10,930
20,405
37.4
41.3
36.3
34.8
41.3
44.6
46.5
49.7
45.2
41.1
37.4
41.7
01.5
42.7
3G.O
47.9
40.3
42.8
39.0
13.2
18.6
12.3
13.8
13.0
21.6
12.9
11.0
9.6
22.9
10.9
22.1
511
10.3
15.0
23.2
26.4
7.5
7.7
49.5
40.0
51.4
51.5
45.8
33.8
40.6
39.3
45.3
36.0
51.6
36.2
13.5
47.0
49.0
29.0
33.3
49.6
53.3
211,937
3,241
17,363
7,393
11,942
1,443
1,927
1,722
4,867
379
3,444
3,811
2,138
4,211
6,956
3,256
2,770
10,633
20,078
EXPENDITURES (x $1000) % OF TOTAL BY CATEGORY
GEN.
ADMIN. JUDICIAL CORRECTIONS WELFARE OTHER
13.1
20.3
10.7
11.9
12.3
18.8
25.1
27.1
13.7
46.2
17.5
20.2
22.8
17.1
13.2
26.1
17.9
16.3
5.9
8.5
11.4
9.2
8.7
12.3
20.6
6.7
18.4
21.1
7.7
0.8
9.4
14.7
11.4
14.2
9.8
12.3
% INCREASE OVER
1970
REVENUE EXPEN
9.6
10.3
5.9
3.1
3.6
6.2
4.1
5.3
12.9
5.34
7.5
5.0
5.8
7.9
3.3
6.2
6.6
5.5
3.9
6.9
3.5
11.2
39.1
30.0
24.2
43.5
28.8
20.5
24.2
18.3
3.7
34.4
29.1
37.3
19.0
35.6
35.8
44.4
21.5
36.2
63.9
29.0
44.2
48.5
31.3
34.7
21.0
36.7
42.2
24.0
34.7
33.9
27.3
43.1
33.3
18.5
24.0
43.0
40.4
67.4
106.3
87.5
138.3
116.1
119.8
47.2
78.7
29.2
61.9
81.2
66.8
431.9
79.7
62.6
64.2
74.6
84.0
89.1
40.9
81.7
92.2
59.8
112.7
144.6
12.0
29.2
31.6
193.8
82.1
46.1
73.8
61.0
74.1
66.9
48.2
77.9
80.2
Tor A <~
312,377
39.4
12.7
47.9 320.311
13.5
7.7
5.6
18.8
55.1
75.7
50.6
-------
TABLE 2.2.5.-2
ACT 511 TAXES COLLECTSD BY MUNICIPALITIES $X1,000 1974
ALLEGHENY
ARMSTRONG
BEAVER
BUTLER
CAMBRIA
CLARION
CLEARFIELD
ELK
FAYETTE
FOREST
GREENE
INDIANA
JEFFERSON
LAWRENCE
MERCER
SOMERSET
VENANGO
WASHINGTON
WESTMORELAND
PA
ORBES TOTAL
No. of
Municipalities
127
45
53
56
64
34
50
13
42
9
26
38
34
26
48
50
31
66
64
876
Total
44989
665
5401
2728
3783
442
1243
424
1935
11
643
1192
722
2033
3351
1203
989
4149
7754
83657
Per
Capita
0.9
23
5.8
10.5
6.6
16.3
6.2
8.2
5.3
54.5
6.7
3.2
8.7
6.8
7.2
14.3
10.5
7.7
6.8
Earned
Income
44.4
49.6
76.8
76.5
67.6
80.1
81.4
58.7
81.4
-
56.5
77.8
76.7
69.0
74.7
72.6
60.3
74.7
73.4
Realty
Transfer
7.1
1.0
5.0
4.1
3.9
3.9
2.2
22.9
14.2
3.5
7.5
7.5
7.9
7.6
4.4
6.3
Merchantile
6.9
4.5
3.0
9.5
4.7
2.9
3.5
2.0
6.3
3.2
3.4
Amusement
5.8
0.1
0.1
1.1
0.5
0.1
0.0
1.2
0.6
Occup
Priv,
11.1
14.4
6.9
5.7
10.3
3.2
8.4
27.4
5.6
45.5
10.9
4.8
8.6
11.8
6.7
3.1
17.5.
6.8
7.4
Other
23.7
11.9
0.7
0.1
0.9
0.4
5.9
0.3
0.1
2.2
1.4
2.8
0.9 .
1.2
2.0
Ul
o
-------
TABLE 2.2.5-3
TAXABLE REAL PROPERTY
MARKET AND ASSESSED VALUES 1970-1975
PENNSYLVANIA ORBES COUNTIES
1970 VALUE -
ALLEGHENY
ARMSTRONG
BEAVER
BUTLER
C AMUR I A
CLARION
CLEARFIELD
ELK
FAYETTE
FOREST
GREENE
INDIANA
JEFFERSON
LAWRENCE
MERCER
SOMERSET
VENANGO
WASHINGTON
WESTMORELAND
PA. ORBES
COUNTIES
MARKET
7.786,969
238,602
887,663
484,084
507,635
123,914
233,597
1,335,041
330,147
25,943
149,884
240,834
102,011
373,606
529,310
229,054
207,054
755,071
1,433,825
15,983,924
ASSESSED
53.81
31.5
43.2
32.3
39.3
26.6
38.2
96.0
. 41.1
23.4
36.8
39.3
33.3
. 34.0
33.4
22.8
32.2
29.9
25.5
48.0
1972
MARKET
8,422,909
262,857
987,119
555,728
552,479
144,094
265,777
1,476,041
300,144
30,928
163,034
277,479
' 116,100
415,136
583,538
263,856
231 ,147
.856,244
1,590,744
17,583,354
VALUE
ASSESSED
55.9
29.8
32.3
34.2
37.1
24.2
35.6
84.0
37.8
21.2
34.8
35.8
30.7
32.0
31.8
21.4
29.9
27.7
24.8
47.2
1973
MARKET
8,601,021'
271,861
1,000,304
580,073
556,005
149,734
200,996
1,521,181
397,634
32,255
164,605
208,938
123,031
424,667
594,676
273,114
. 238,290
809,448
1,614,056
18,001,889
VALUE
ASSESSED
55.7
29.7
32.1
33.8
44.8
24.0
35.2
8?.0
37.6
21.1
34.5
35.5
30.3
31.9
31.7
21.4
39.6
27.6
24.9
42.2
1974
MARKET
9,296,416
301,579
1,097,542
661,410
642,040
176,286
320,370
1,673,471
454,327
36,764
179,300
324,948
142.035
470,917
630,735
302,900
267,223
980,493
1,847,115
19,013,879
VALUE
ASSESSED
52.3
27.2
29.6
30.6
39.9
21.5 .
32.8
. 69.0
33.8
37.7
32.1
32.6
42.1
39.5
38.5
28.7 .
27.0
25.6
22.1
43.5
1975
MARKET
9,457,198
308 750
1,126,473
606,490
671,117
100,320
335,241
1,722,271
472,042
37,844
181,408
343,251
140,504
483,056
637,291
301,221
275,566
1,014,423
1,903,263
20,286,609
VALUE
ASSESSED
52.2
27.3
29.3
30.4
39.5
49.2
32.3
69.0
33.4
37.3
31.8
32.2
41.4
29.3
38.2-
20.6
26.0
25.4
22.0
43.5
% CHANGE
MARKET VALUE
1970-1975
21 .4
29.4
26.9
41.8
32.2
45.5
43.5
28.9
39.8
45.9
21.0
42.5
. 45.7
29.3
20.4
31.0
33.1
34.3
32.7
26.9
Market value x $1 ,000
Assessed value as % of market value-
-------
(Jl
K)
TABLE 2.2.6.-1
EDUCATION
GENERAL FUND REVENUE AND EXPENDITURES
County 1
Allegheny
Armstrong
Beaver
Butler
Cambria
Clarion
Clearfield
Elk
l-ayette
Forest
Greene
Indiana
Jefferson
Lawrence
Mercer
Somerset
Venango
Washington
Westmoreland
PA. STATE
County
971-72
$420
628
476
510
606
646
629
460
675
559
526
568
664
552
500
601
600
518
479
498
Revenue -
1972-73
$450
659
520
576
657
660
662
501
739
607
611
610
726 -
604
547
652
658
551
535
536
Rate Per Pupil $
1973-74
$482
718
548
621
690
737
724
571
802
643
652
664
761
631
585
722
686
604
583
570
1974-75
$564
845
629
686
804
846
798
704
901
723
754
746
863
701
674
810
784
671
6.62
653
1971-72
1,146
954
942
973
988
915
884
897
919
922
- 981
929
987
933
947
891
981
937
933
1,089
Total Expenditure Per
1972-73
1,261
1,124
1 ,045
1 ,022
1,118
999
976
979
1 ,051
1,161
1,155
1 ,036
1,119
1,016
1 ,029
986
1 ,051
1 ,001
1 ,006
1,176
1973-74
1,356
1,165
1,135
1,118
1,181
1,104
1,071
1 ,061
1 ,103
1 ,181
1,163
1,136
1 ,170
1,086
1 ,160
1 ,055
1,124
1 ,085
1,106
1 ,283
Pupil
1974-75
1,514
1 ,363
1 ,274
1,220
1,333
1,205
1 ,152
1 ,211
1,256
1,254
1 ,256
1 ,246
1,261
1 ,227
1,363
1,178
1,260
1,221
1 ,216
1,439
1975
% From State
37.2
62.0
49.4
56.2
60.3
70.2
69.3
58.1
71.7
57.7
60.0
60.0
68.4
. 57.1
49.4
68.8
62.2
55.0
54.4
45.4
-------
TABLE 2.2.6-2
Ui
U)
Total School Tax Collected
by County Thousands of $
1
General Fund Revenue from State
Sources Thousands of $
71-72
72-73
73-74
74-75
71-72
72-73
73-74
74-75
ALLE
ARMS
BEAV '
BUTL
CAMB
CLAR
CLEA
ELK
FAYETT
FORE
GREE
INDI
JEFF
LAW
MERC
' SOME
VENA
WASH
WEST
Region
State
201949
6839
22291
13634
12280
3292
6037
3110
7529
554
3848
6478
2563
9353
13227
5001
5808
18097
37486
379376
1261154
208182
7168
24283
14039
13284
3405
6550
3327
7739
656
3465
6893
2902
9685
13544
5307
6112
19438
39369
395348
1331832
220170
7667
25666
14850
15704
3542
7094
3418
8148
670
3821
7199
3103
9931
14237
5504
6407
20582
41998
419711
1427555
229538
8036
28350
15542
16579
3942
8080
3580
8169
721
3704
7478
3095
10282
15936
6298
6891
22746
43020
442287
1539205
122213
11678
22613
15354
21710
6872
13380
3310
22503
675
4556
9900
6453
13576
15232
10587
9892
24362
40250
375116
1156109
130301
12049
24533
17600
23115
7052
14188
3623
24271
713
5168
10584
6989
14577
16339
11393
10764
35490
44860
413609
1241807
133441
12916
25485
18737
23918
7682
15288
4100
26045
767
5443
11509
7483
14799
17088
12417
10974
27319
48208
423619
1291984
151435
14799
28405
20625
27169
8649
16732
4888
28639
869
6336
12963
: 8343
16000
19108
13623
12135
30035
53738
474491
1449164
includes real estate, per capita, Act 511
realty tax (distributed by Commonwealth)
taxes, payments in lieu of taxes and delinquent taxes and public utility
-------
TABLE 2.2.6.-3
PUBLIC ASSISTANCE EXPENDITURES
(Thousands of dollars)
1972-73
1975-76
1973-76
County
Alle
Arms
Beav
Butl
Camb
Clar
Clea
Elk
Faye
Fore
Green
Indi
Jeff
Law
Merc
Some
Vena
Wash
West
Region
State
Total
188,660
5,829
13,287
6,450
26,193
2,546
5,059
1,489
21,387
288
5,585
5,972
3,106
8,684
8,843
7,178
15,075
22,507
24,591
372,729
1,264,199
Per Cap.
117.68
77.51
63.64
49.69
141.35
65.96
68.37
39.29
139.51
57.60
156.01
74.56
71.57
81.23
69.47
94.45
242.75
106.92
64.63
106.42
% Pop.
7.5
6.6
4.5
3.6
5.1
5.7
5.3
2.8
13.0
5.1
13.5
5.7
5.0
6.0
5.2
6.4-
6.8
6.6
4.3
7.0
Total
240,461
6,370
16,239
10,043
29,041
2,976
6,842
2,556
22,726
353
5,866
. 6,052
3,569
11,971
13,592
9,593
10,243
26,594
32,651
457,738
1 ,837,402
Per Cap.
156.95
83.60
77.62
74.17
153.82
73.30
89.09
67.62
145.40
72.04
158.11
72.13
76.92
111.67
105.53
124.26
161.05
124.45
86.26
155.25
% Pop.
6.9
4.6
3.8
3.4
3.4
3.7
3.9
2.8
9.8
4.0
9.4
3.5
3.6
5.4
5.0
4.2
4.8
4.8
3.8
6.5
Percent
Change
Per Capita
Expenditure
33.3
7.8
22.0
49.3
8.8
11.1
30.3
72.1
4.2
25.1
1.3
- 3.2
7.5
37.5
51.9
31 .6
-33.6
16.4
33.5
22.8*
45.9
^Percent change 1973-1976 Total Regional Expenditures
-------
Ol
Ui
TABLE 2.2.6.-4
EXPENDITURES FOR MEDICAL CARE BY PROGRAM CLASS
(Thousands of Dollars)
Medically
Cash Assistance
Needy Persons
County
Alle
Anns
Beav
But!
Canib
Clar
Clea
Elk
Faye
Fore
Gree
Indi
Jeff
Lawr
Merc
Some
Vena
Wash
West
TOTAL
STATE
1972-73
24,497
580
2,800
957
14,526
251
725
284
8,670
30
451
729
528
630
991
1 ,560
9,030
5,760
4,514
77,513
189,724
1975-76
42,410
736
2,964
2,430
10,325
691
1,635
885
1,655
34
605
1 ,098
1,011
2,211
2,898
3,422
4,971
5,565
7,965
93,511
372,572
% Increase
73.1
26.9
5.9
153.9
- 28.9
175.3
125.5
211.6
- 80.9
13.3
34.1
50.6
91.5
251.0
191.4
119.3
- 45.0
- 3.4
76.5
20.6
96.4
1972-73
30,980
839
1,546
1,028
3,191
361
881
245
2,900
34
790
818
512
1 ,398
1,318
1,473
2,244
3,367
4,682
58,607
221,584
School Medical
Grants
1975-76
47,540
1,276
3,164
2,087
10,772
415
1,526
388
3,747
56
922
1,168
616
2,306
2,279
2,551
1,259
7,319
7,051
96,442
383,797
% Increase
53.5
52.1
104.7
103.0
237.6
15.0
73.2
58.4
29.2
64.7
16.7
42.8
20.3
64.9
72.9
73.2
- 43.9
117.4
50.6
64.6
73.2
1972-73
103.7
7.8
12.0
11.8
22.3
6.2
6.9
4.6
34.0
0.5
7.0
9.8
2.4
9.5
9.1
12.5
10.9
25.7
27.7
324.4
871.0
Care
1975-76
38.0
4.2
5.7
3.4
11.5
2.9
3.7
2.5
16.2
0.2
1.9
4.7
2.2
8.6
2.9
5.1
4.7
13.9
14.7
147.0
511.5
% Increase
-63.4
-46.2
-52.5
-71.2
-48.4
-53.2
-46.4
-45.7
-52.4
-60.0
-72.9
-52.0
- 8.3
- 9.5
-68.1
-59.2
-56.9
-45.9
-46.9
-54.7
-41.3
-------
TABLE 2.2.6.-5
PENNSYLVANIA ORBES COUNTIES
1975
Persons Per Doctor
County
Allegheny
Armstrong
Beaver
Butler
Cambria
C larion
Clearfield
Elk
Fayette
Forest
Greene
Indiana
Jefferson
Lawrence
Mercer
Somerset
Venango
Washington
Westmoreland
ENTIRE
STATE
1970
571 .58
2,160.00
. 1,390.00
1,910.45
972.92
6,303.33
1,817.07
1,570.83
1,778.16
1,633.33
1,565.22
1 ,939.02
1,321.21
1,396.10
1,283.84
2,051.35
1,153.70
1,219.08
1,489.72
1,541.08
1971
541.73
2,321.21
1,416.89
1,949.25
958.88
6,616.67
1,785.71
1,465.38
1,746.07
1,666.67
1,545.83
1,919.05
1-.390.63
1,419.74
1,265.69
2,425.00
1,200.00
1,295.18
1,427.82
1,563.97
1972
517.09
2,261.76
1 ,443.45
1 ,841.67
921.84
5,742.86
1 ,760.47
1 ,469.23
1 ,660.00
1 ,666.67
1 ,550.00
1,767.39
1 ,384.38
1 ,405.19
1 ,308.00
2,279.41
1 ,165.45
1 ,315.85
1 ,394.89
1 ,555.88
1973
505.79
2,241.18
1 ,449.66
1 ,877.78
915.53
5,757.14
1 ,786.05
1 ,473.08
1 ,657.89
1,666.67
1 ,562.50
1,808.70
1 ,415.63
1,401.30
1 ,284.00
2,305.88
1 ,140.00
1 ,307.93
1,387.23
1,559.94
1974
480.43
2,059.46
1 ,483.69
1 ,781 .58
890.57
3,690.91
1 ,536.00
1 ,350.00
1 ,628.13
1,633.33
1,426.92
1 ,747.92
1 ,657.14
1 ,276.19
1 ,327.84
1,979.49
1,009.52
1,335.63
1,249.17
1 ,466.40
General
Hospitals
27
1
4
2
4
1
3
2
3
1
1
2
. 3
5
3
2
4
7
247
Beds Per
100,000
631
267
337
610
695
170
529
955
365
306
246
328
501 "
623
369
607
482
404
499
-------
TABLE 2.2.6.-6
WATER UTILITIES
Number of
County
Alle
Arms
Beav
Butl
Camb
Clar
Clea
Elk
Faye
Fore
Gree
Indi
Jeff
Lawr
Merc
Some
Vena
Wash
West
TOTAL
STATE
Util
1972
49
16
16
13
30
15
18
7
15
3
7
16
13
8
11
19
11
17
17
301
906
lities
1975
51
17
17
14
32
14
19
7
19
3
8
14
10
7
11
19
11
16
19
308
925
Metered
Customers
1972
405681
5320
44371
16650
41353
5875
14173
8176
32348
530
11974
11084
8688
23448
24596
11988
7764
50745
81641
806405
2443922
1975
416656
5835
46294
19339
42461
6198
15232
8337
34907
485
13176
12716
8926
23472
51655
12707
1147.8.
52176
86155
868205
2572746
Million
Gallons
Sold
1972
62142
1927
7072
2551
45596
615
1703
1813
3165
69
716
1528
978
3811
4532
1513
1877
6294
13910
161812
1975
56430
1652
. 8348
2713
44149
683
1833
1385
4346
55
111
1447
960
3235
4213
1929
1952
6373
14671
157151
SEWER AUTHORITIES
Number of
Authorities
1972
29
4
12
8
9
3
4
4
7
--
5
2
3
2
5
4
6
7
13
127
419
1975
34
5
15
10
14
5
4
5
9
--
5
2
3
4
8
7
7
13
20
170
573
Number of
Customers
1972
373081
5161
30261
13058
33783
2652
10340
5494
8795
--
2702
7686
5280
11882
8162
20225
7757
22887
49375
618581
1459786
1975
379053
5083
35092
14516
13151
3671
10675
kill
19421
__
847
3354
5283
12110
10421
6509
10676
36350
46526
619515
1698153
-------
TABLE 2.2.7-1
AGRICULTURAL CASH RECEIPTS 1974
% OF 1971 RECEIPTS
PENNSYLVANIA ORBES COUNTIES
CROPS
County
Horticult.
Fruits
ALLE
ARMS
BEAV
BUTL
CAMB
CLAR
CLEA
ELK
FAYE
FORE
GREE
INDI
JEFF
LAWR
MERC
SOME
VENA
WASH
WEST
579
2849
1409
3793
1321
1822
1046
186
2148
54
984
3419
1345
3569
4472
3086
739
3632
4359
159.6
159.7
159.5
160.0
159.5
159.9
160.2
158.3
160.0
157.1
159.6
159.8
159.7
159.8
159.8
159.8
160.2
159.8
159.9
430
169
67
1391
4989
496
302
19
144
17
146
1518
81
140
475
2109
197
304
227
-27.6
48.2
-23.9
66.0
171.4
112.9
122.1
46.2
5.1
183.3
305.6
79.0
65.3
-42.9
29.8
161.0
126.4
-12.4
39.3
19
140
29
107
243
47
230
16
70
32
77
732
165
94
102
468
75
' 89
52
35.7
41.4
38.1
42.7
42.1
42.4
42.0
33.3
42.9
39.1
40.0
42.1
41.0 . '
42.4
41.7
41.4
41.5
41.3
41.4
6223
11814
565
8949
553
109
524
0
588
27
160
3046
406
1029
2111
893
571
647
1578
118.7
49.6
127.8
-15.7.
128.5
127.1
127.8
0.0
128.8
125.0
128.6
128.3
128.1
85.7
128.2
127.8
128.4
127.8
72.3
539
85
26
355
10
21
45
0
21
0
24
47
7
139
83
7
37
263
35
-------
TABLE 2.2.7-1
(Con't)
LIVESTOCK
County
Meat
Animals
Dairy
Products
Poultry
Products
Govern't
Payments
Total
ALLE
ARMS
BEAV
BUTL
CAMB
CLAR
CLEA
ELK
FAYE
FORE
GREE
INDI
JEFF
LAWR
MERC
SOME
VENA
WASH
WEST
76.7
1.2
-65.8
31.5
-44.4
16.7
-49.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
33.3
-42.0
-70.8
10.3
69.4
-68.2
-39.3
38.4
-22.2
1051
1738
831
2513
2190
904
653
148
1218
48
1623
2060
873
2067
2913
3297
507
2801
2312
21.8
21.7
21.7
21.7
21.7
21.7
21.6
-87.9
21.7..
23.1
21.7
21.7
21.8
21.7
21.7
21.7
21.6
21.7
21.6
1278
4861
3157
5757
2438
4208
3037
901
4721
218
2291
7227
4639
5571
9227
19134
2418
10168
9794
33.7
33.7
33.7
33.7
33.7
33.7
33.7
86.7
33.7
33.7
33.7
33.7
33.7
33.7
33.7
33.7
33.7
33.7
33.7
2063
940
759..
6286
3411
1376
1109
427
1362
87
300
4961
1456
1032
1216
1967
315
1686
3322
70.5
70.6
70.6
70.4
70.5
70.5
70.4
-83.0
70.5
70.6
70.5
70.4
70.5
70.3
70.3
70.5
71.2
70.5
70.4
8
194
29
144
91
91
76
10
107
3
141
105
76
81
266
165
78
192
154
86.2
35.1
66.3
53.1
44.2
58.1
36.7
96.2
41.8
72.7
44.7
66.3
58.0
70.4
48.2
35.5
47.3
36.4
53.8
12190
22790
6872
29295
15246
9074
7022
1707
10379
486
5746
23115
9048
13722
20865
31126
4937
19782
21833
265235
72.4
49.9
51.0
24.0
78.0
52.6
52.7
-84.4
52.5
48.2
42.3
60.3
48.1
50.6.
52.8
47.0
49.9
46.7
52.2
41.7
-------
TABLE 2.2.7.-2
LAND USE, INVENTORIES ACRES X 1,000
1968 and 1974
O
Cropland
County
Alle
Arms
Beav
Bull
Camb
Clar
Clea
Elk
Faye
Fore
Gree
Inch
Jeff
Lawr
Merc
Some
Vena
Wash
West
ORBES
TOTAL
1968
32.6
101.6
58.9
135.0
76.9
63.9
47.9
18.6
85.9
4.8
53.5
133.2
62.5
68.4
141.9
127.4
37.6
135.0
154.8
1,535.4
1974
26.8
91.9
48.0
124.6
69.8
62.6
43.0
17.3
84.8
4.8
32.8
131.8
57.7
68.7
128.4
127.7
37.1
129.9
114.3
1 ,402.0
Pasture
1968
8.5
26.5
22.5
18.6
7.4
15.0
12.7
1.1
25.5
2.0
137.0
27.3
11.7
24.4
43.6
42.4
9.9
130.0
55.2
621.1
1974
7.0
27.5
18.2
18.1
7.0
14.8
11.0
1.0
23.9
2.0
56.5
27.2
10.4
23.8
38.8
42.0
9.5
127.9
37.4
504.0
Forest
1968
86.3
218.9
134.6
261.6
284.6
272.6
608.0
360.4
317.3
138.1
147.8
289.4
292.8
92.7
147.6
443.4
352.7
192.7
312.1
4,953.6
1974
86.3
219.6
134.6
261.6
284.6
270.8
608.0
360.4
320.8
138.6
148.0
286.3
292.8
92.7
136.0
443.4
353.2
192.0
312.1
4,941.8
Other
1968
83.0
44.0
16.4
51.4
39.8
6.7
25.2
7.3
35.0
3.0
10.0
32.3
21.9
28.2
47.1
41 .9
12.0
38.5
54.5
598.2
1974
74.8
53.3 .
10.6
50.1
32.9
6.6
25.4
8.2
34.3
3.1
108.9
32.0
24.0
27.8
43.8
42.3
19.5
40.0
100.2
737.8
-------
TABLE 2.2.7.-3
CRUDE PETROLEUM SHIPMENTS
AS % OF 1970 SHIPMENTS
County
Alle
Anns
Beav
But!
Camb
Clar
Clea
Elk
Faye
Fore
Gree
Indi
Jeff
Lawr
Merc
Some
Vena
Wash
West
ORBES
TOTAL
STATE
TOTAL
Barrels*
1970
70,113
8,696
7,202
105,600
18,980
31 ,791
227
39,905
36,524
1,486
886
311,121
110,421
742,952
3,690,435
1971
106.0
105.9
92.4
90.3
103.4
95.6
84.6
188.8
100.5
117.3
88.0
279.9
109.9
102.9
1972
97.1
101.1
78.4
81.2
111.3
80.7
48.9
244.6.
89.8
92.2
109.5
177.2
101.5
93.2
1973
91.7
112.3
62.8
73.9
120.9
57.1
82.4
253.4
90.2
115.3
394.7
156.5
99.5
81.3
1974
88.3
136.4
63.5
74.6
126.9
115.0
70.0
315.5
86.5
161.0
1,799.4
161.9
95.1
88.5
1975
83.9
141.0
60.3
73.5
122.6
76.2
61.2
345.0
88.3
182.6
621 .4
176.5
90.1
84.2
*42 gallon barrels
-------
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M A R UA N 0
INDUSTRIAL MINERALS PRODUCED IN PENNSYLVANIA
AAINIRAL >UI1> NOT INUUOIO
FIGURE 2.2.7-1
^£rMAC 10*11. SIMuC «U**i,l
MICA iCMlH
-------
Labor Market Areas of Pennsylvania
X ""-
OIL CITY - fRt.HK.LIN -
TIIUWILLf
o\ WEW CASTLE
CO
FIGURE 2.2.8-1
-------
PENNSYLVflNin ORBES COUNTIES
COUNTY GROUPINGS MSB OH RANKING IN TEN SOCIO-ECONOMIC MEASURES
GROUP 1
GROUP 2
GROUP 3
GROUP L\
GROUP 5
TIED RANK
GROUP 2 OR 3
GROUP 1 = MOST DESIRABLE OVER CHRACTERISTICS
FIGURE 2,2,-8-2
-------
TABLE 2.2.8-1 .
PENNSYLVANIA ORBES COUNTIES
AGED DEPENDENCY RATIO AS PERCENT OF
TOTAL DEPENDENCY RATIO, 1970
RANGE OF VALUES 23.1% TO 36.6%
Counties
Percent
less than 25.1 Elk (23.1), Butler (24.5)
25.1 to 27.0 Beaver (25.1), Westmoreland (26.3)
27.1 to 29.0 Mercer (27.7), Indiana (28.2), Venango (28.5), Cambria (28.7)
29.1 to 31.0 Lawrence (29.1), Washington (29.1), Allegheny (29.6), Clarion (29.6)
Clearfield (30.1), Armstrong (30.4), Somerset (31.0)
greater than 31.0 Fayette (31.3), Greene (34.0), Jefferson (34.3), Forest (36.6)
-------
TABLE 2.2.8-2
PENNSYLVANIA ORBES COUNTIES
POPULATION DENSITY, PERSONS PER SQUARE MILE
1970
RANGE OF VALUES 11.8 to 2204.7
Counties
Density
less than 100 Forest (11.8), Elk (46.8), Greene (62.4), Clarion (64.3)
Clearfield (65.5), Jefferson (67.0), Somerset (70.5),
Venango (92.0), Indiana (96.3)
101 to 200 Armstrong (115.9), Butler (161.0), Mercer (189.8), Fayette (192.9)
201 to 500 Washington (246.1), Cambria (269.9), Lawrence (292.6),
Westmoreland (368.1), Beaver (473.7)
greater than 500 Allegheny (2204.7)
-------
TABLE 2.2.8-3
PENNSYLVANIA ORBES COUNTIES
MEDIAN FAMILY INCOME, 1970
Median Income, $
less than 7,500
7,501 to 8,000
8,001 to 8,500
8,501 to 9,000
9,001 to 9,500
greater than 9,501
RANGE OF VALUES $7170 to $10090
Counties
Fayette (7170), Greene (7337), Clearfield (7488)
Jefferson (7520), Somerset (7634), Clarion (7635), Armstrong (7702)
Indiana (7947)
Venango (8248), Forest (8291), Elk (8472)
Cambria (8563), Lawrence (8664), Washington (8664)
Butler (9032), Mercer (9287), Westmoreland (9293), Beaver (9428)
Allegheny (10090)
-------
cr>
oo
Percent
decreased more than -5.0
-4.9 to -1.6
-1.5 to +1.5
1 .6 to 4.9
5.0 to 9.9
more than 10.0
TABLE 2.2.8-4
PENNSYLVANIA ORBES COUNTIES
PERCENT CHANGE IN THE LABOR FORCE 1960-1970
RANGE OF VALUES -10.3% to 14.7%
Counties
Green (-10.3), Fayette (-7.2), Cambria (-6.1)
Venango(-4.6), Clearfield (-4.5), Jefferson (-3.4), Lawrence (-2.9)
Armstrong (-1.1), Washington (-0.5), Allegheny (-0.15), Mercer (+0.9)
Clarion (1.6), Beaver (2.0), Elk (4.3)
Somerset (5.0), Forest (7.1)
Indiana (10.2), Westmoreland (11.2), Butler (14.7)
-------
TABLE 2.2.8-5
PENNSYLVANIA ORBES COUNTIES
PERCENT CHANGE IN MANUFACTURING EMPLOYMENT 1972-1975
RANGE OF VALUES -14.2 to 15.9
Percent
decreased more than -10.0
-9.9 to -4.0
-3.9 to 0.0
0.1 to 4.0
4.1 to 10.0
more than 10.0
Counties
Elk (-14.2), Somerset (-13.2), Clarion (-10.8)
Fayette (-6.4), Lawrence (-5.7), Forest (-4.3)
Mercer (-4.1)
Westmoreland (-3.4), Allegheny (-1.2).Jefferson (-0.9)
Cambria (0.3), Indiana (1.7), Washington (2.9)
Beaver (6.1)
Venango (10.1), Armstrong (11-6), Butler (14.2)
Clearfield (14.8), Greene (15.9)
-------
TABLE 2.2.8-6
PENNSYLVANIA ORBES COUNTIES
PERCENT OF HOUSING CONSTRUCTAL 1960-1970
RANGE OF VALUES; 8.2% to 28.1%
Percent Counties
less than 10.0 Cambria '(8.2), Greene (8.7), Jefferson (9.0), Clearfield (9.4)
Fayette (9.8)
10.1 to 14.0 Venango (11.6), Lawrence (11.9), Armstrong (12.1)
Somerset (13.0), Elk (13.4), Allegheny (13.6), Beaver (13.8)
14.1 to 18.0 Mercer (14.9), Washington (15.1), Indiana (16.0),
Clarion (16.7)
18.1 to 22.0 Westmoreland (19.2), Butler (21.2)
more than 22.0 Forest (28.1)
-------
TABLE 2.2.8-7
PENNSYLVANIA ORBES COUNTIES
PERCENT CHANGE IN TAXABLE REAL PROPERTY
MARKET VALUE 1970-1975
RANGE OF VALUES; 20.4% to 45.9%
Percent
less than 25.0
25.1 to 30.0
30.1 to 35.0
35.1 to 39.0
more than 39.0
Counties
Mercer (20.4), Greene (21.0), Allegheny (21.4)
Beaver (26.9), Elk (28.9), Lawrence (29.3), Armstrong (29.4)
Somerset (31.0), Cambria (32.2), Westmoreland (32.7)
Venango (33.1), Washington (34.3)
NONE
Fayette (39.8), Butler (41.8), Indiana (42.5), Clearfield (43.5)
Clarion (45.5), Jefferson (45.7), Forest (45.9)
-------
TABLE 2.2.8-8
PENNSYLVANIA ORBES COUNTIES
PERCENT OF POPULATION RECEIVING PUBLIC ASSISTANCE
1976
RANGE OF VALUES; 2.8% to 9.4%
Percent Counties
less than 3.5 Elk (2.8), Butler (3.4), Cambria (3.4)
3.5 to 4.0 Indiana (3.5), Jefferson(3.6), Clarion (3.7), Beaver (3.8)
Westmoreland (3.8), Clearfield (3.9), Forest (4.0)
4.1 to 4.5 Somerset (4.2)
4.6 to 5.0 Armstrong (4.6), Venango (4.8), Washington (4.8),
Mercer (5.0)
greater than 5.0 Lawrence (5.4), Allegheny (6.9), Greene (9.4), Fayette (9.8)
-------
TABLE 2.2.8-9
PENNSYLVANIA ORBES COUNTIES
1975 PER PUPIL EDUCATION EXPENDITURE
RANGE OF VALUES; $1152 to $1514
Expenditure $ Counties
less than 1200 Clearfield (1152) Somerset (1178)
1201 to 1250 Clarion (1205), Elk (1211), Westmoreland (1216), Butler (1220)
Washington (1221), Lawrence (1227), Indiana (1246)
1251 to 1300 Forest (1254) Fayette (1256), Greene (1256), Venango (1260),
Jefferson (1261), Beaver (1274)
more than 1300 Cambria (1333), Armstrong (1363), Mercer (1363), Allegheny (1514)
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TABLE 2.2.8-10
PENNSYLVANIA ORBES COUNTIES
PERCENT OF STATE CONTRIBUTION TO 1975 PER PUPIL
EDUCATION EXPENDITURE
RANGE OF VALUES 37.2% to 71.7%
Percent Counties
less than 50 Allegheny (37.2), Beaver (49.4), Mercer (49.4)
50 to 59 Westmoreland (54.4), Washington (55.0), Butler (56.2)
Lawrence (57.1), Forest (57.7), Elk (58.1)
60 to 69 Greene (60.0), Indiana (60:0), Cambria (60.3), Armstrong (62.0,)
Venango (62.2), Jefferson (68.4), Somerset (68.8)
more than 69 Clearfied (69.3), Clarion (70.2), Fayette (71.7)
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TABLE 2.2.8-11
PENNSYLVANIA ORBES COUNTIES
RANKING OF COUNTY VALUES FOR TEN CHARACTERISTICS
County 123 4 56 7 8 910E Rank
ALLE
ARMS
BEAV
BUTL
CAMB
CLARI
CLEAR
ELK
FAYETTE
FOREST
GREENE
INDIANA
JEFFERSON
LAWRENCE
MERCER
SOMERSET
VENANGO
11
14
3
2
8
12
13
1
16
19
17
6
18
9
5
15
7
1
10
2
9
5
16
15
18
7
19
17
11
14
4
8
13
12
1
13
2
5
8
14 .
17
9
19
10
18
12
16
7
4
15
11
10
12
7
1
17
8
15
6
18
4
19
3
14
13
9
5
16
11
4
6
3
9
17
2
19
16
14
1
8
10
15
13
18
5
9
12
8
2
19
4
16
10
15
1
18
5
17
13
7
11
14
17
13
16
6
11
3
4
15
7
1
18
5
2
14
19
12
9
17
12
7
2
3
6
9
1
19
10
18
4
5
16
15
11
13
1
3
5
14
4
17
19
16
9
10
8
11
6
12
2
18
7
1
13
2
6
12
18
17
9
19
8
10
11
15
7
3
16
14
79
106
58
50
96
115
127
104
145
96
144
76
117
110
85
134
108
5
11
2
1
8
14
16
10
19
8
18
4
15
13
6
17
12
WASH 10 6 6 11 76 8 14 13 5 86
WEST 4 3 3 2 12 3 10 815 4 64
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