APRIL 30, 1971
NEW HAVEN - LONG ISLAND SOUND
OIL SPILL IMPACT STUDY
for
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RAYTH_E_ON COMPANY
ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS CENTER
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
-------
RAYTHEON COMPANY
ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS CENTER
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
33 UNION STREET
NEW LONDON, CT O632O
TEL: 203-443-8373
New Haven—Long Island Sound
Oil Spill Impact Study
for the
Environmental Protection Agency
Contract Number 1P0110410
30 April 1971
RAYTHEON COMPANY
ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS CENTER
Portsmouth, Rhode Island
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents i
List of Illustrations ii
List of Tables iii
Summary 1
Introduction 2
Study Area 5
Methods 9
Results and Discussion 13
Conclusion 21
Recommendations 23
Bibliography 24
Appendix A Gas Chromatographs A-l
Appendix B Mass Spectra B-l
Appendix C Infrared Spectrum '<& - 1
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure Page
1 Path of the Tanker Gettysburg 3
2 Sampling Stations 6
3 Long Island Sound 7
4 A Continuous Liquid-Liquid Extractor . . 11
11
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LIST OF TABLES
Table
Samples Collected January to March 1971. . . 8
111
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SUMMARY
Animal and sediment samples collected from the New
Haven Harbor area before and after the oil spill of 23
January 1971 were analyzed for characteristic hydrocar-
bon content. The samples were collected from January
through March 1971 during which time sediment tempera-
tures did not exceed 35°F (2°C). Feeding activity of
epibenthic organisms was minimal at these temperatures.
Some samples collected after showed an accumulation
of organics in the C8 to C16 range which were not present
in the samples collected prior to the oil spill. These
organics are typical of those expected from number 2 fuel
oil impact. The C8 to C16 range organics were present in
relatively low levels. Larger concentrations of these or-
ganics would be expected in animal tissue as increasing
sediment-water temperatures cause higher metabolic activity.
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INTRODUCTION
This report provides the results of an exploratory
program to document an oil spill in and adjacent to New
Haven Harbor, Connecticut. The program was accomplished
by the Environmental Research Laboratory of Raytheon Com-
pany under contract with the Hudson-Delaware Basins Of-
fice of the Environmental Protection Agency, dated March
1, 1971.
Background
The oil spill occurred on January 23, 1971 when the
tanker, ESSO Gettysburg, ran aground in the vicinity of
the entrance to New Haven Harbor and released an estimated
387,000 gallons of number 2 home heating oil into the ship-
ping channel. Following the accident, the ship was towed
to the Wyatt Oil Company pier, and a flotation boom was
placed around the vessel to contain the oil spilling from
the ruptured hold. Figure 1 is a map showing the approxi-
mate location of the accident and the final berthing site.
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Wyatt Oil
Co. Pier
Vicinity of accident
Figure 1. Path of the Tanker Gettysburg, 23 January 1971
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Raytheon Activity
Raytheon personnel documented the oil spill with ae-
rial photographs of the area on January 24. (See cover).
A field survey crew was dispatched to New Haven Harbor the
following morning to collect samples at selected sites in
the harbor in order to determine the extent and distribu-
tion of the oil.
Following informal briefings at offices of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Raytheon was contracted to perform
an exploratory program to include chemical analyses of 15
biological and sediment samples collected at selected sta-
tions in the area before and after the January 23 oil spill.
The results of these analyses are provided in this report.
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STUDY AREA
Aerial observation of oil movement indicated that
oil was blown eastward along the north shore of Long
Island Sound. Evidence of oil contamination reached
as far as Guilford on 24 January 1971. Initial study
efforts were, therefore, concentrated along the eastern
section of Long Island Sound from New Haven to Guilford,
Sampling stations at depths approximating 10 and
30 feet were selected in the immediate area with an ad-
ditional deep water station (90 feet) well out of the
harbor area. (Table 1, Figures 2 and 3).
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LONG ISLAND SOUND
Figure 2. Sampling Stations
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Figure 3. Long Island Sound
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TABLE 1
Samples Collected January to March 1971
New Haven Harbor - Long Island
Oil Spill Study
Station
83
84
85
87
23
7
7
86
89
88
90
91
92
93
94
95
98
96
97
Date
3-19-71
3-19-71
1-15-71
2-26-71
3-19-71
3-26-71
3-26-71
1-25-71
3-26-71
3-19-71
3-19-71
3-11-71
3-19-71
3-11-71
2-26-71
1-25-71
3-11-71
3-11-71
3-11-71
3-11-71
3-11-71
3-11-71
3-11-71
(ft)
Depth
33
18
14
14
10
10
18
28
12
10
27
27
27
27
9
36
12
36
90
14
32
Number
3
3
5
5
2
1
1
3
3
3
2
1
3
1
1
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
Bottom
Type
F.S.
M.S.
M.S.
M.S.
C.S.
M.S.
M
M
M
C.S.
C.S.
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
Extracted
0
0
5
2
0
1
1
1
2
0
1
0
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
G.C. M.S
5 4
2 2
1 1
1 1
1 1
2 1
1 1
2 2
1 1
1
Oil
Sample 1-25-71
Note: F.S., fine sand; C.S., coarse sand; M.S., medium sand
M., Silt
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METHODS
Sample Collection
Sediment samples were collected with a ponar grab
sampler. The sediment was discharged undisturbed into
a galvanized tub, and the top 1-1/2 inches (3.8cm) was
placed into 1 pt. wide-mouth jars which had been previ-
ously washed with potassium dichromate cleaning solution
followed by five distilled water rinses. Samples were
frozen within four hours of collection.
Initial attempts to use an epibenthic dredge for
sampling bottom fauna met limited success. An oyster
dredge was substituted in its stead with more favorable
results. Animals collected with the oyster dredge were
mainly molluscs, and starfish. Epibenthal fauna were
frozen within four hours of collection.
Specimens collected before the oil spill were obtained
from Long Island Oyster Farm and were frozen shortly after
collection.
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Extraction Techniques
Frozen samples were allowed to thaw overnight at 15°C
and excess water was drained from sediment samples. Ap-
proximately 60 grams (dry weight) of wet sample was placed
into a soxhlet thimble which had been extracted previously
for twenty-four hours with spectral grade methanol (Blumer
1970). The sediment was then extracted four days with spec-
tral grade methanol.
The methanol extract from the sediment sample was then
extracted with spectral grade pentane in a continuous liquid-
liquid extractor, Figure 4. Extraction was considered com-
plete when no yellow color remained in the pentane layer of
the flask containing the methanol extract. The pentane ex-
tract was placed on a flash evaporator until most of the
pentane removed. Use of the liquid-liquid extractor elimina-
ted centrifugation (Blumer 1970a). Animals were subjected
to the same extraction methods. No oil was apparent on their
surfaces, so the animals were not washed prior to extraction.
10
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Pentane
Methanol
Pentane
Figure 4. A Continuous Liquid-Liquid Extractor
11
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Instrumentation
Sediment extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography
and mass spectral methods. An F § M Model 500 gas chroma-
tograph with a thermal conductivity detector was employed
for analysis of all samples, using a 6 ft x 1/8" stainless
steel column packed with 10% Apiezon L, on 80 - 100 mesh
acid washed Chromasorb W. All chromatograms were programmed
from 50°C to 275°C at 4°C/min. A 10' x 1/8" stainless steel
column packed with 201 QF1 on 60 - 80 mesh acid washed chromo-
sorb W was used as a confirming column.
The Hitachi-Perkin Elmer RMU-6D magnetic scanning, single
focusing mass spectrographic instrument was used for the mass
spectral analyses. The instrument was capable of resolution
in excess of 2500.
Infrared spectra were obtained on thin films with a Per-
kin-Elmer 247 Grading Spectrophotometer using sodium chloride
optics.
12
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Gas chromatograms of sediment and animal extracts ap-
pear in Appendix A. Mass spectra are found in Appendix B.
An infrared scan of the original oil collected within the
oil booms of the Gettysburg appears in Appendix C.
Blumer (1970a and b) found C to C organics and
17 20
C pristane an isoprenoid, common to epibenthic organisms
1 9
and sediments. Raytheon's work has confirmed the C to
17
C compounds in their extraction of organisms and sedi-
20
ments from Long Island Sound. The isoprenoid pristane was
not resolved in Raytheon chromatograms of sediment and ani
mal extracts.
Number 2 fuel oil spilled by the Gettysburg contained
organics common to marine organisms as well as a wide spec-
trum of materials of lower molecular weight not normally
found in marine organisms. (Appendix A, Figure 1).
Gas chromatograms of sediment samples from station/ 7
and 91 showed an increase in lower weight components between
13
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25 January and mid-March. It is important to note that
Station 7, Morris Cove, had a sandy bottom which would
inhibit concentration of oil. (Sand absorbs organics
with much less efficiency than silt). In spite of bot-
tom type, peaks appeared in the C to C range of the
12 16
26 March sample that did not appear in the 25 January
sample. (Note: Morris Cove was covered with ice the
week of the oil spill). Sediment from station 91 exhi-
bited similar increases in lower molecular weight organ-
ics. A massive peak of C or greater appeared in the
11 March 1971 sample from station 91. It also appeared
in station 98 extract from 11 March sample but did not
appear in either of the station 7 samples or station 91
on 25 January. This peak was not identified. Station
98 showed lower molecular weight traces similar to sta-
tion 91 on 11 March.
Oysters: Crassoystrea virginica, collected from sta-
tion 85 eight days before the oil spill; showed no traces
of organics below C in a gas chromatograph of methanol-
pentane extract. Naturally-occurring/^ ^""Nto/C jcompounds
14
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were demonstrated. Blumer (1970a) had a similar "clean
oyster" trace. Lower molecular weight components were
isolated from oysters collected from the same location
on 26 February 1971. Oysters from station 23 were sus-
pended 2 feet above sediment surface in an experimental
oyster tray, and no lower molecular weight components
were found in the gas chromatograms. Oysters collected
from station__86 on 26 March showed peaks at approximate -
y C and C
12 11+
Busycon carica., a channel welk showed little differ-
ence in extract components between 15 January and 25 March
1971 samples. Credipula plana, the white slipper limpet,
had many high carbon components but neither the 15 January
or the 19 March sample showed evidence of lower carbon num-
ber compounds. Sea clam spat, Spisula solidissima, were
found in low numbers at station 91 and no before data were
available for this species. Chromatograph peaks were seen
at about C and C . Additional samples collected later
9 14
in the growing season would possibly indicate hydrocarbon
accumulation.
15
-------
Pagurus pollicaris, a hermit crab, collected before
the spill showed no signs of lower carbon number compounds.
No after samples have been processed. Additional extrac-
tions of this organism would be of value to determine if P_.
pollicaris accumulates hydrocarbons to which it might be
exposed.
A mass spectra of the oil sample collected within the
oil boom was run for potential use on identification sig-
natures. Gas chromatographics component resolution was in-
sufficient to allow mass spectral analysis of each compound,
A composite spectra, Appendix B, showed the largest major
mass peak at approximately 320 mass units. There was no
peak of 15 units less (305) which would indicate branched
hydrocarbons in the major peak. Major dominance of evenly
spaced peak clusters at approximately 14 mass units confirm
the presence of normal alkanes. Further interpretation is
difficult as so many compounds are present in the number 2
fuel oil.
16
-------
Mass spectra of straight-chained hydrocarbons ex-
hibit peaks at: C H2 1 with maximum intensity at n = 3,
4 and 5. The major peaks are accompanied by smaller ones
1, 2, or 3 mass units lower and by the C13 - isotope one
unit higher. The intensity of these peaks decreases as
the mass of the fragment increases. Branched hydrocarbons
exhibit similar fragmentation patterns, except the ratio
of the intense, or characteristic, peaks does not follow
the same pattern as straight chained hydrocarbons. It is
difficult to assign the molecular ion with hydrocarbon mix-
tures as the peaks of higher mass numbers have such low in-
tensity.
All sediments extracted contain large amounts of sul-
fur, as evidenced by peaks at 256, 224, 192, 160, 128, 96,
64 and 32. Hydrogen sulfide appears at 34 units and car-
bon disulfide appears at 76 units.
(1) Biemann, K., Mass Spectrometry Organic Chemical
Applications, McGraw-Hill, N.Y. p 78(1962)
17
-------
Hydrocarbons are present in both samples from station
7. Sulfur is present in greater concentration in the sam-
ple collected on 26 March than in the 25 January collection.
4
Station 91, sampled 11 March 1971, contained signifi-
cant quantities of dioctylpthalate as evidenced by peaks
149, 167, and 279. Dioctylpthalate is an aromatic ester
used in the plastics industry. It was not observed in the
number 2 fuel oil collected from the Gettysburg, and is
probably the large unidentified peak in the gas chromato-
gram. It may be present in the sediment extracted from sta-
tion 98, but this sample was not subjected to mass spectral
analysis. Hydrocarbons are present in a higher concentration
in the station 91 sample collected on 11 March 1971 than in
the sample collected on 25 January from the same location.
This is evidenced by peaks at 43, 57, and 71 mass units.
Oyster, Crassoystrea virginica, extracts showed mass
peaks characteristic of cholesterol 386, 368, 161 and 55
mass units, and methyl esters 87, 74, 73, 60 and 59 units.
Hydrocarbons are present in all oyster samples as evidenced
by the 71, 57 and 43 peaks with typical clusters one unit
18
-------
above and at three units below. Station 85 oysters col-
lected on 26 February 1971 had slightly more hydrocarbons
than oysters from the same station collected on 15 Janu-
ary 1971. Samples collected from the oyster tray at sta-
tion 23 had hydrocarbons in a slightly different ratio
from the oysters collected at station 86 at approximately
the same time.
Busycon carica, a channel welk, had significant con-
centrations of cholesterol, methyl esters, and perhaps
some acids. Hydrocarbons are present in both welk extracts,
but in low concentrations. There is little or no differ-
ence between mass spectra of the samples.
Credipula piana, the white slipper limpet, had many
natural products such as steroids and methyl esters. The
hydrocarbon cluster ratio, e.g. 41-44, has a different
ratio between the samples collected before and after the
oil spill. The hydrocarbon peaks were more intense in the
19 March sample than in the 15 January sample. Gas chroma-
tograms reinforce the redistribution pattern.
19
-------
Spisula solidissma, a sea clam, had characteristic
natural peaks of acids and cholesterol. Branched hydro-
carbons, isoprenoids , are evidenced by the relative inten-
sities of the hydrocarbon clusters at 85, 71, 57 and 43.
Natural products are not as abundant in these organisms
as the products of other animals extracted. This differ-
ence is probably a reflection of the age of the clam.
(This sample was composed of spat - approximately 5mm
diameter).
The hermit crab, Pagarus pollicaris, has the natural
metabolites one would expect, i.e., cholesterol, methyl
esters, etc. Hydrocarbons are present, but the cluster
distribution indicates natural branched compounds (iso-
prenoids). No extraction was run on this sample after
the oil spill.
20
-------
CONCLUSIONS
Gas chromatographic analysis of sediment and animal
extracts from before and after the 23 January 1971 oil
spill confirmed the presence of higher concentrations of
Cg to Ci? range organics in samples taken after the oil
spill. Due to low ambient temperatures, poikilotherms
fed at low rates during this study period minimizing
food chain accumulation of hydrocarbons. Nevertheless,
gas chromatograms of Crassoystrea virginica and Credipula
plana showed Cg to C17 organics which were not present
in the same animals prior to the spill. Increases in the
C9 to Ci7 range were observed in sediment samples from
stations 7 and 91. A large peak appeared in samples from
stations 91 and 98 after the spill which may be the dioctyl
pthalate identified in mass spectra of station 91.
Mass spectral analysis of sediment and animal extracts
confirm the presence of hydrocarbons in the samples. Ex-
tracts contain many natural products normal to sediments
and animals which make specific hydrocarbon identification
21
-------
difficult. It was possible to see increases in hydro-
carbon concentrations in certain species e.g. Crassoystrea
virginica, and changes in characteristic peak ratios of
Credipula piana. Changes in the white limpet ratios could
have resulted from concentration of number 2 fuel oil com-
bined with the normally branched hydrocarbons, isoprenoids,
present in the animal.
It appears that hydrocarbon accumulation occurred in
the samples collected after the number 2 fuel oil spill.
Only a continuing study running through the current spring-
summer-fall period will allow proper assessment of the hydro-
carbon accumulation and its impact on the local ecosystem.
22
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RECOMMENDATIONS
Raytheon recommends a seasonal follow-up study of the
New Haven - Long Island Sound area which should include:
1.) Monthly benthic samples for commu-
nity structure assessment.
2.) Investigation of reproductive im-
pairment in oysters.
3.) Hydrocarbon accumulation in oysters
during the study period.
4.) Hydrocarbon accumulation in non-
migrating bottom feeding finfish.
5.) Characteristic water sediment, and/
or oil movement in the local area.
6.) Vertical and horizontal hydrocarbon
distribution in sediments.
23
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Blumer, M., Souza, G. and Sass, J. Hydrocarbon Pollution
of Edible Shellfish by an Oil Spill
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 70-1 (1970)a
Blumer, M., Sass, J., Souza, G., Saunders, H., Grasde, F.
and Hampson, G., The West Falmouth Oil Spill
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 70-44 U970)b
Kolpack, R.L., Biological and Oceanographic Survey of the
Santa Barbara Channel Oil Spill 1969-1970, Vol.11
Allan Handcock Foundation, Calif. (1971)
Straughn, D., Biological and Oceanographic Survey of the
Santa Barbara Channel Oil Spill 1969-1970, Vol.1
Allan Handcock Foundation, Calif.(1971)
Proceedings: Joint Conference on Prevention
and Control of Oil Spills, API, FWPCA, December (1969)
-------
APPENDIX A
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHS
A-l
-------
ID S1OU1MO3 3
Figure A-l. 001251-No. 2 Fuel Oil Collected within
Oil Boom, Apiezon L
A-2
-------
Figure 'A-2. 001251-No. 2 Fuel Oil Collected within
Oil Boom, QF1
A-3
-------
Figure A-3. 001251-No. 2 Fuel Oil Collected Within
Oil Boom With Internal Standard ofPristane, n-Hexa-
•decane, n-Heptadecane, n-Octadecane, and n-Nonadecane
A-4
-------
Figure A-4. 0701251-Sediment Extract, Station 7,
Collected 25 January 1971
A-5
-------
Tenpei stuff £
•teet
ir-¥
ftag
tfO-.TT^;^^
•OTthr-ftangg;
±E
fc
Sanple
No.-'.
Qpifata
I
NOIiVbOddDD S1DUXNO3 GI
xutw. «3N 'o-wddna Nouvaoduoa siomiwra
Figure ,4-5. 0703261-Sediment Extract, Station 7,
Collected 26 March 1971
A-6
-------
:VA
zzi
< van rfer-i ?er»
ingi ta/«
mpl
Simif
1
XBOA M3N 'OlVddna NOIlVHOddOD SlOdlNO3 OIHdVt
Figure A-6. 9101251-Sediment Extract, Station 91,
Collected 25 January 1971
A-7
-------
Figure A-7. 9103111-Sediment Extract, Station 91,
Collected 11 March 1971
A-8
-------
L L- L L L Ci t, L L
ictee
3
igtt
Smpf
IDA AWN 'cnvddna NoiiwbOdao j snoaiiioa oiHdvua gl
Figure A-8. 8501151-Crassoystrea virginica Extract,
Station 85,15 January 1971
A-9
-------
Figure A-9. 8502261-Crassoystrea virginica Extract,
Station 85, 26 February 1971 (Sheet 1 of 2)
A-10
-------
Figure A-9. 8502261-Crassoystrea virginica Extract,
Station 85, 26 February 1971 (Sheet 2 of 2)
A-ll
-------
Figure A-10. 2303261-Crassoystrea vpginica Extract,
Station 23, 26 March 19~1
A-12
-------
Figure A-ll. 8603261-Crassoystrea virginica Extract,
Station 86, 26 March l$Tl
A-13
-------
Figure A-l2. 8501151-Busycon carica Extract,
Station 85,11 January 1971
A-14
-------
Figure A-l 3. 8502251-Busycon carica Extract,
Station 85, 25 February 1971
A-15
-------
'.'.."„•—V^
-' • N
ii
1
3*5B-fato
Jwsa
JBvf
?eSS
! BieonbH
^watif
•tof
Dpi i^
imp
lf»TT
mW,
iz^irtiminijp
ffiB!Mf:ift:
rrOat»^2S.^^i
Figure A-14. 8501151 -Crepidula plana Extract.
Station 85, 15 January 1971
A-16
-------
Figure A-l5. 8803191-Crepidula plana Extract,
Station 88, 19 March 1971
A-17
-------
L '.
MSN "oivdjna
Figure A-16. 9103111-Spisula solidissima
Station 91,11 March 1971
A-18
LeniflM
tarr
San
BOS
Ban »a
ii....Vlete
Sfiffift-
4H
21
?
NOUVUOdUO3 BTDHiNOO OIHdVl
-------
Figure A-l 7. 8501151-Pagurus pollicaris Extract,
Station 85, 15 January 1971
A-19
ar JR
SunpJ
Simp)
mgtt
Oslo
flmg
Bali
-------
Figure A-18. 9803111-Sediment Extract,
Station 98, 11 March 1971
A-20
-------
Figure A-l9. 8501151-Polinices duplicates Extract,
Station 85, 15 January 1971
A-21
-------
APPENDIX B
MASS SPECTRA
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t^/yiMyUw^^
^b*^jS»^^^
F/^i/re 5-6. 8501151-Crassoystrea virginica Extract,
Station 85, 15 January 1971
B-7
-------
' '
.
.
*~
«*fc
—t-
J.
JS-7. 8502261-Crassoystrea virgintca Extract,
Station 85, 26 February 1971
B-8
-------
042!
MORGAN-SCHAFFER CORPORATION
INTRODUCTION
Direct .Q @ .
Indirect Q-ig^zi
Gas n@
(ThinA'al —
ANALYZER
"C TIC (b) =
n TIC(Q
VOLTAGES
Vl .•= '•;?'
VA
Vii ta
-PAFEH
/
am/,.
CAUITOW — Th» record is not fixed and wffl fede on prolonged exposure to fight
.A.A . -.JftL A
.jiLJUu
-il
J
[QJ
jjil.
• JULwytaU.
.. JJj—uj..
lu — u
iLI
Figure B-8. 2303261-Crassoystrea virginica Extract.
Station 23, 26 March 1971
B-9
-------
042 3 1 / 02 cox
MORGAN- SEWAFFER CORPORATIONr! ;
INTRODUCnOTt
- Direct Q @—J-
Indirect 0"@^p2f
Gaa PI ft
(Pw>4iftl —
GAIN 'fl
CAUTION - This
.:•..'. lUtALTraEH
__«C • TIC (B) -
5tf> »C TIC(i) =
n TIC (f) —
)
/
VOLTAGES
\l =70
VA = l?&
VM ==&>ix>
smart //m -f , /
/'
vote
volte
ToltS
_inm^e(.,:
record is not fixed nod win fade on prolonged exposure to light
• Tr ' •'- ' - '"~- - - . . . : '
..inJu..
Mill
LyU,
iti
uLoUJ
V/JiMJLAjJ
X
,
1
.'.
,
i
,LJj
1
Lll
UUb
ll
ilL
^
AjlUUuJ
SLyUL-wJJJjJ
JldJy—jLJjJ
^U
JL
I i fal . i - I I i TMJ
Figure B-9. 8603261—Crassoystrea virginica Extract,
Station 86, 26 March 1971
B-10
-------
MDRGAN-SCHAFFER CDHPpRATIDN
INTRODUCTION
Direct n @-
Indirect 0-(g-
Gu n
ANALYZER
°C TIC(b)=
"C TlC(i) =
u TIC (I) =
VOLTAGES
Vi = ?O volts
VA =/7^ volts
VM =&&%> voh»
STAW
CAUTION — This record is not Sled and wiO hie an prt&aagci erpeean to Kgbt.
^ .tm
^.NWyU^^y^W**^^
..
-------
04231/07
MORGAN-.'SCHAFFER CORPORATION
Direct Q <§!-
Indirect \tf®-
Gas D@
(Duodial = — :
/O
ANALYZER
op Tlf1 fh\ =
— I* 111. VDJ —
_°C TIC (i) =
_u' TIC(0 =
—) " ' "
JCAN /&, PAPEB
VOLTAGES
Vi" =7* rota
VA =/•%> vote
VM = <£etK> vote
> /
' . CAtmON — Hiia record i^ not. fixed and will fade on prolonged exposure 'to light.
" :; ^V.":'." 1-!"*v'_ •-• "- j ---
.._^_i_..:.:::jv-
Figure B-ll. 8502251-Busycon carica Extract,
Station 85, 25 February 197]
B-12
-------
MORGAN - SDHAfFER CORPORATION
ANALYZER
* °f TIC (i) =
~j*r.''j3~9~~'"~~'~;'~* tic (o = ":
VOLTAGES
Vi =:7*P vote
VM
volto
_SCAN_
CADTION — Th» recorf i» not fixed and will fade on prolonged exposure to
*u
WV^w^^XW^'^tW^^i
Figure B-12. 8501151-Crepidula plana Extract.
Station 85, 15 January 1971
B-13
-------
-r Thii:recnrd in not fired »nd^inU-fade oa prolongol esposurg t
rl .lilli I I h.lih life
ji..
lllt^^A^M^I^
JMm
JL
Figure B-l3. 8803191-Crepidula plana Extract,
Station 88, 19 March 1971
B-14
-------
04231/11
—^
Figure B-14. 9103111-Spisula solidissima Extract.
Station 91, 11 March 1971
B-15
-------
-ANALYZER
CM
CATO
--- SPJN--W5- PAPBB
CAl)iiUH — 'llus record w noi fixed and will fade on prolonged eiposwe to light >
I I
K....1
wyWiyWWUWVWyWWti'••<
JLi
•wvvv
UJLJLJL
UUiU
I,,
i
'JJ.U
.1 1
.J
JUUb
, .
Figure B-J 5. 8501151-Pagurus pollicaris Extract.
Station 85, 15 January 1971
B-16
-------
APPENDIX C
INFRARED SPECTRUM
C-l
-------
1OO
5nu.rq.ii.q-
Rl !-•;-! H----H-
^:;::4:;c^:o:2 btqr: :::f~i
i-... '...!._ | . ..; __ L..I_t __ ._J _ L...L-;-.-
EEi4^!«^
Er:H-BEFESEEEE--F
.-i—; tijZ ._u»—tor-j--:_uii~
rt±:ttt;^:i±:t^a
_i_M_r_l ' 1 > J...J.-4--!—;
^|^S^^-iS^^^^
._:..__: f i i i . i i. !.. 1.1 i
: i...| '.„! ! t—J~. — —
EEFifflEEhE
WAVENUMSER CM'
1400
1200
tooo
800
650
SAMPLE
<5//
SOLVENT^/* P/atei
CONCENTRATION Afeat
C1r\ 1 PATH-ri. r> ,
REEv^ARKS t^»
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