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WATER QUALITY STANDARDS SETTING/REVISION CONFERENCE
NEW JERSEY ATLANTIC COASTAL AREA
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION II OFFICE
NEW YORK, NEW YORK
MAY 1972
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PRE-CONFERENCE REPORT
FOR
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS SETTING/REVISION CONFERENCE
NEW JERSEY ATLANTIC COASTAL AREA
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region II Office
New York, New York
May, 1972
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SUMMARY
At the request of Governor Cahill of New Jersey, and
pursuant to Section lOc (2) Federal Water Pollution Control
Act, as amended, a Water Quality Standards Setting/Revision
Conference will be held for the New Jersey Atlantic Coastal
Area. The conference will provide an opportunity to review,
and if necessary and appropriate, revise portions of the presently
applicable Water Quality Standards Implementation Plan.
Specific implementation plans will be developed for all point
source waste dischargers in the designated conference area.
The conference area extends along the Atlantic coast of
New Jersey from Sandy Hook to Cape May and includes all the
wastes presently discharged into the Atlantic ocean or those
that, consistent with approved regional treatment plans, will
discharge at some future date in the Atlantic ocean-Bayshore
Area of Monmouth County.
This pre-conference report contains a description of the
conference area, water uses, existing water quality standards,
existing water quality, sources of pollution, and recommended
remedial action for all point source discharges.
Conference consideration encompasses 154 point sources
of domestic sewage and discharges from 18 industrial facilities.
Major items proposed for inclusion in the revised Water Quality
Standards Implementation Plan are plans for abatement of
domestic sewage pollution via the development of 18 major and
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five smaller regional treatment systems, and point source
pollution control requirements for industrial wastes.
This report was prepared under a joint task group consisting
of professionals from the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
(Region II) and the New Jersey Department of Environmental
Protection.
The proposed Implementation Plans contained in this
report represent a concurrence and joint proposal of State
and Federal pollution control experts.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUMMARY Page
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Background and Authorization for Conference 1
B. Existing Water Quality Standards and 2
Enforcement Conference (1967) Recommendations -
Status of Implementation of Federal Directives
C. Conference Objectives and Procedures for 4
Establishing and/or Updating Water Quality
Standards
D. Pre-Conference Report 5
II. CONFERENCE AREA
A. Geographical Limits 7
B. General Description 8
III. WATER USES
A. Water Supply 11
B. Recreation - Bathing, Boating, Sport Fishing, 12
Waterfowl
C. Commercial Fishing 14
IV. WATER QUALITY CONSIDERATIONS
A. Effect of Wastes on Water Quality and Use 16
B. Water Quality Standards 22
C. Water Quality Data 26
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V. SOURCES OF POLLUTION
A. Domestic Sewage - Municipal, Institutional 32
and Federal Facilities
B. Industrial Wastes (Direct Discharges) 34
C. Industrial Wastes in Municipal Systems 35
D. Ocean Dumping 37
E. Recreational Boating 39
F. Other Pollution Sources 40
VI. RECOMMENDED IMPLEMENTATION PLANS
A. Recommendations of Enforcement Conference 42
(1967), Water Quality Standards, and State
Pol icy
B. Regional Systems - Domestic Sewage 44
C. Assessment of Impact of Regional Systems 49
on Water Quality Criteria
D. Industrial Wastes (Direct Dischargers) - 56
Description of Implementation Plans
E. Assessment of Impact of Industrial Wastes on 61
Water Quality Criteria
VII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
A. General 63
B. Domestic Sewage Discharges 64
C. Industrial Wastes (Direct Discharges) 65
D. Industrial Wastes in Municipal Systems 66
E. Sludge Handling - Environmental Considerations 68
F. Other Environmental Considerations 71
G. Monitoring 73
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LIST OF TABLES
Following
Table No. Description Page
1 Water Quality Data 27
2 Domestic Sewage 32
Point Sources
(Conference Area)
3 Industrial Direct 34
Dischargers - New Jersey
Atlantic Coastal Area
4 Sewage Point Sources to be 48
Served by Regional Plants
(Near Future)
5 Proposed Ocean Outfalls - 50
New Jersey Atlantic
Coastal Area
6 Proposed Implementation 56
Plans - Industrial
Direct Dischargers
7 Recommended Implementation 64
Schedules - Regional Treatment
Facility and Service Area
Point Sources
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Description
I Conference Area
II Domestic Sewage Point
Sources - Monmouth County
III Domestic Sewage Point
Sources Ocean County
IV Domestic Sewage Point
Sources - Atlantic County
V Domestic Sewage Point
Sources - Cape May County
VI Regional Treatment Facilities
Location Plan
VII Productivity Pattern in Area
of Ocean Outfall
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SECTION I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background and Authorization for Conference
The Federal Water Quality Act of 1965 authorized the estab-
lishment of Water Quality Standards for interstate waters. The
law directed that Water Quality Standards for the nations in-
terstate and coastal waters be such as to protect the public
health or welfare, and enhance the quality of water. A State
Water Quality Standard is comprised of water use classifications,
water quality criteria applicable to each use classification and
an implementation plan to achieve the desired water quality
objectives. The criteria - scientific requirements on which
judgements may be based as to the suitability of water quality
to support the designated use - and the implementation plans,
taken together, essentially comprise the Water Quality
Standard (1).
The law makes subject to abatement the discharge of matter
into interstate waters that reduce their quality below the
water quality levels established pursuant to the Water Quality
Act. Compliance with water quality standards can be achieved
through State and Federal administrative or court action.
The State of New Jersey has Federally approved Water
Quality Standards.
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In early December, Governor William T. Cahill requested a
Water Quality Standards Revision Conference for the Atlantic
Coastal Basin of the State of New Jersey. In his request,
Governor Cahill indicated that the purpose of the conference
would be "for us (EPA and the State of New Jersey) to examine
the recent progress made by many shore communities and the lack
of progress by a few toward the design and construction of
regional sewerage treatment systems needed to conform with State-
Federal Water Quality Standards." Pursuant to this request, a
joint federal conference to establish and/or up-date Water
Quality Standards has been scheduled for late June. This con-
ference,as described by Administrator Ruckelshaus of the
Environmental Protection Agency, comprises a "cooperative effort
between the Environmental Protection Agency and the State of
New Jersey and ... a joint review that will assure a strong,
realistic implementation plan for the interstate waters for the
Atlantic Coastal Basin in New Jersey."
B. Existing Water Quality Standards and Enforcement Conference
(1967) Recommendations - Status of Implementation of Federal
Directives
The conference will provide a forum to review and/or comment
on State/Federal intentions to revise portions of the presently
applicable Water Quality Standards Implementation Plan. It will
also provide the opportunity of establishing implementation re-
quirements for sources not presently included in the federally
approved implementation plan.
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Current federally approved New Jersey Water Quality
Standards require that all waste discharged to the Atlantic
Ocean receive, as a minimum, treatment that will provide ,at all
times, 85 percent removal of BOD, and that all waste discharged
to the estuaries and tributary streams receive a minimum treat-
ment, at all times,of 95% removal of BOD, with adequate disin-
fection. Abatement orders issued under these standards further
require construction of requisite facilities to be completed on
or before November 30, 1970. A large number of municipal and
industrial point sources do not have federally approved imple-
mentation schedules to abate pollution, as only a portion of
the point source waste discharges were specified in the Federally
approved Water Quality Standards. New Jersey has statutory
authority to require water pollution control facilities to
conform to state approved regional plans.
On November 1, 1967, a Federal Enforcement Conference was
convened concerning pollution of a portion of the Atlantic
Coastal Area of the State of New Jersey (from Shark River to
Cape May). The impetus for this conference was the deterioration
and closing of numerous shell fishing areas. Recommendations from
the enforcement conference also called for completion of con-
struction of requisite pollution abatement facilities by
November 30, 1970.
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Due to time required to develop economically realistic
regional plans and systems that would assure meeting water
quality criteria and promote restoration and protection of the
shellfish areas in the Atlantic Coastal Area, and also due to
lack of funding, recalcitrance by some, time expended in
litigation, and other conditions, the Hater Quality Standards
implementation dates for this area have, in general, not been
met.
C. Conference Objectives and Procedures for Establishing
and/or Updating Hater Quality Standards
The purpose of this conference will be development of strong,
specific, and real is tic implementation plans for all of point
source waste dischargers in the designated area. The intent is
to establish, with the guidance of the numerous engineering
studies and environmental evaluations that have been conducted
in the past few years, an implementation plan that will result
in a restoration of the water to its designated usage and
attendant quality at the earliest feasible time.
After the conference, the newly established implementation
plan will be submitted to Administrator Ruckelshaus for inclusion
in the Federal Register, and subsequently, after approval, become
federal law. Those now violating Hater Quality Standards, and
who refuse to accept post-conference recommendations as to new
or revised implementation plans will be subject to immediate
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enforcement action, either Federal or State. Following that,
discharges who fail to conform with the new implementation
plans will be subject to immediate enforcement action, either
via Federal, State, or coordinated State-Federal effort.
D. Pre-Conference Report
Pursuant to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as
amended, and its appropriate administrative regulations, a pre-
conference report is not a pre-requisite for a standards revision
conference. The statutory requirement is that, 30 days prior to
the conference, notice be given to all interested parties con-
cerning the subject items for revision at the conference.
In order to promote and permit a strong public scrutiny of
the proposed standards revisions (implementation plans), this
pre-conference report contains relevant elements concerning
existing Water Quality Standards, existing water quality, and
specific proposals for achieving point source pollution control.
Each point source discharger, as well as the public, are invited
to attend the conference and offer comments, criticisms, pro-
posals, suggestions, etc. relating to the necessity and
feasibility of achieving implementation plans, as proposed in
this report.
This report was prepared under the direction of a joint
task group consisting of Region II EPA and the New Jersey
Department of Environmental Protection. The proposed Imple-
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mentation Plans, as contained in this report, represent a
concurrence and joint proposal of State and Federal pollution
control experts.
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SECTION II
CONFERENCE AREA
A. Geographical Limits
The Jersey Coastal Conference Area will cover interstate
waters extending from the Sandy Hook to Cape May. This
coastal portion of the State of New Jersey covers about 120
miles. Included for conference consideration are all sources
of waste located in the Atlantic Coastal Basin, that is,
naturally draining into these coastal waters. Also included
are waste which are currently sewered to the Atlantic Coastal
Area, or will be, as per proposed regional treatment systems.
The Atlantic Coastal Basin includes all of the Atlantic
County and those portions of Cape May, Monmouth and Ocean
Counties which discharge to the Atlantic Coast. It also in-
cludes portions of Burlington County and minimal portions of
Gloucester and Camden Counties. Although not presently draining
to the Atlantic Coastal Area, we have included those waste dis-
charges, primarily located along the northern coastline of
Monmouth County, which will be subsequently sewered to the
Atlantic Ocean after installation and completion of regional
treatment facilities.
An outline of the conference area is presented on Figure I.
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CONFERENCE AREA
ASBURY PARK
POINT PLEASANT
ATLANTIC COASTAL BASIN
& CONFERENCE BOUNDARY
Figure I
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B. General Description
The designated conference area generally lies within the
Atlantic Coast Plain, which consists of a south eastward -
thickening wedge principally composed of unconsolidated sands,
gravels, clays, silts and marls of Cretacoeus and Tertiary Ages.
The wedge climbs southeastwardly at about 50 feet a mile. The
coarser beds of these deposits contain considerable volumes of
groundwater.
Southern New Jersey has an average precipitation of approxi-
mately 45 inches per year. Although precipitation during drought
conditions may be only one third or half of the minimum monthly
rainfall, the stabilizing effect of groundwater storage in the
coastal plain tends to produce sustained river flows during
periods of low rainfall.
Four counties, Monmouth, Ocean, Atlantic and Cape May,
commonly referred to as the "Jersey Shore", account for more than
90% of the regions total population. Most of the inhabitants in
the region live in municipalities or cities fronting the Atlantic
Ocean or located along the coastal basin and inlets. The re-
mainder of the inhabitants live in communities on the upper
reaches of the coastal streams, in the pinelands, and in other
rural areas.
An internationally famous resort area, the "Jersey Shore",
attract millions of tourist and vacationers throughout the year.
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During the summer season, the overall population of the four
counties swells to more than triple its winter size. In many
shore communities, seasonal population increases can range up
to 20:1. This seasonal variation highlights the importance of
the tourist trade to the regions economy.
An analysis of employment patterns in the region also
characterizes it as a leading resort area. More than half of
the employed persons are engaged in trade and service activities.
Summer employment at these facilities rises significantly to
accommodate the needs of the thousands of guests visiting the
Jersey Shore. Monmouth, Atlantic, and Ocean Counties, together,
account for over 1/3 of the employment in hotels and lodging in
the state and 10% of employment in amusement. Major recreational
activities, as would be expected, include bathing, boating, sport
fishing, and waterfowl hunting.
Another major economic activity in the region is commercial
finfishing and shellfishing. The New Jersey Shore counties of
Cape May, Atlantic, and Ocean account for over 75% of the total
employment in the fishery industry in the State of New Jersey.
The many inland bays and estuaries located along the Atlantic
Coast of New Jersey provide one of the nations foremost areas for
shellfish harvesting, and can be considered one of the most
important natural resources of the State.
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In summary, the recreational and shellfishing activities
which support the economic life of the Jersey Atlantic Coastal
Area necessitates a high degree of pollution control.
A detailed description of the estuarine character of the
New Jersey Atlantic Coastal Area is presented in Appendix D.
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SECTION III
WATER USES
A. Water Supply
In general, most of the municipal and institutional water
supply systems in the region are small, with the primary source
being ground water. Only two systems utilize surface water:
the Monmouth Consolidated Water Co. and the Atlantic City
Municipal water supply, which uses supplementary surface water
during peak summer demands. In addition, there are over 55,000
rural domestic water supply sources (individual wells and other
systems) located throughout the region. Ground water is also
the primary source for these supplies. For certain shore
communities, water consumption can increase more than 1000 per-
cent during peak summer periods.
The seasonal variation in water usage is significant due to
the recreational nature of the Jersey coast, with the influx of
large numbers of people during summer periods. For example,
summer water consumption is approximately three (3) times winter
consumption in Ocean County, two (2) times winter consumption in
Atlantic County and approximately five (5) times winter con-
sumption in Cape May County.
Industrial water use from municipal systems in the New Jersey
coastal region for process and cooling purposes is estimated to
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be in the order of 15 MGD. The major self-supplied industry
within the region, Toms River Chemical Corp., uses approxi-
mately 5 MGD of ground water and 13 MGD of river water. Power
plants located along the Jersey coast utilize large volumes of
sea water for cooling purposes.
Some water is used for crop irrigation in the region. The
major portion of crop irrigation water is taken from streams.
Future water supply needs can be met by the continued
preservation and development of surface water sources, and by
increased usage of ground water sources, accompanied by an
effective program of water resources management. The amount of
ground water available in the region has been estimated to ex-
ceed 1 billion gallons per day, more than sufficient to meet
the regions requirements as well as to supplement the needs of
adjacent areas. There are several surface streams in the area
that could, if properly developed, serve as primary or supple-
mentary water sources (2). In general, surface water supplies
are developed for larger municipal water supply systems.
B. Recreation - Bathing, Boating, Sport Fishing, Waterfowl
The Jersey coastal area is one of the primary summer
recreational areas for the northeastern United States. Major
water related recreational activities include: bathing, boating,
sport fishing and, to a lesser degree, waterfowl hunting.
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Recreational bathing can be described as a major water use
in much of the New Jersey Atlantic Coast region. Bathing beaches
and facilities are located along the ocean front and portions of
the intracoastal waterway. As a resort area, much of the regions
economy derives from activities associated with forms of recrea-
tion, with bathing being perhaps the principal factor.
Recreational boating is widespread throughout the area,
particularly in the intracoastal waterway. A major attraction
for the boating enthusiast is the intracoastal waterway itself,
along which boats with a draft less than four feet can cruise
in protected waters from Manasquan Inlet to Cape May Inlet.
Many cabin cruisers from the New York-Philadelphia metropolitan
areas visit the region during the summer boating season. In
addition, the coastal region is utilized significantly by many
thousands of out board motor boat enthusiasts.
The Jersey coastal region is one of the principal sport
fishing centers in the nation. In this area are some of the
largest fleets of charter and party boats leaving eastern ports.
The most frequently fished species caught by party boats are
porgies and seabass. Charter boats troll the ocean up to 12
miles at sea, or even further in some cases, seeking tuna,
blue fish, albacore and striped bass.
The New Jersey coastal region has wetlands of value to
waterfowl along the Mullica River in the waterways south of the
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Great Egg Harbor River and from Forked River in Barnegat Bay
south to Cape May. Particularly large numbers of waterfowl are
found in these areas, with black ducks and brant being most
common. The birds attract many resident and nonresident hunters
in season (2).
C. Commercial Fishing
Commercial finfishing and shellfishing are important indus-
tries in the region. The New Jersey shore counties of Cape May,
Atlantic and Ocean account for 78.4% of the total employment in
the fisheries industry in the state of New Jersey. The New Jersey
shellfish industry serves a significant portion of the national
market.
Between 1968 and 1970 there was a decline in employment
in fisheries of almost 7% in the three counties. This was a
modest decline compared to the decline in fisheries employment
of 17% in whole State; however, this decline was greater than
17% in Atlantic and Ocean Counties. Only in Cape May County
did employment in this industry increase, but only by 5.5%.
This trend in Cape May County also incorporates trends in the
fisheries industry on the Delaware River. While employment
has declined in these counties, the number of establishments
classified as fisheries has remained about the same, indicating
that whatever factors have been operating to reduce employment
in the industry have not been great enough yet to eliminate
fi rms.
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The closing of or restriction of additional acres
of coastal waters and tidal estuaries for shellfishing since
January 1967 as well as the number of acres only open to
seasonal shellfishing has occurred. Statewide, approximately
25 percent of designated shellfish areas are restricted, of
which 6.5 percent has occurred since 1967.
The shellfishing industry in New Jersey has remained
fairly stable since 1967, even with the burden of additional
closures. Special projects developed by New Jersey, especially
in the coastal area, have helped to sustain the industry.
These include relaying, transplanting, etc.
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SECTION IV
WATER QUALITY CONSIDERATIONS
A. Effect of Hastes on Water Quality and Use
Dissolved Oxygen
Dissolved oxygen is one of the most significant parameters
of water quality. Introduction of dissolved oxygen into the
estuarine water body is provided largely by transferrence from
the atmosphere and by the photosynthetic activity of aquatic
plants. The rate of oxygen introduction and renewal is
dependent on the tidal driving force causing new oceanic water
to flood into the system, the fresh water inflow, the wind,
the surface area, and the amount of turbulence generated by
fresh-coastal water mixing. The more turbulent the system, the
greater opportunity for atmospheric exchange with the attendant
ability to assimilate more waste. However, once imposed upon
the system, the decomposable organic matter of a municipal or
industrial discharge exerts a demand on the oxygen resources of
the receiving water. This demand can result in depletion of
dissolved oxygen to the point where desirable biota cannot
tolerate the environment; they disappear or are killed.
Complete depletion can result in noxious odors with destruction
of esthetic values and elimination of both contact and non-
contact recreation activities.
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Bacteria
The coliform bacteria measurement is an index of the
possible presence of pathogens and, therefore, of bacterial
pollution from sewage. The basic premise is that if fecal
coliforms are present at particular levels, there is a high
probability of pathogens being present. Such a condition is a
public health hazard for anyone contacting the water or
ingesting it or any organisms grown in it. For this reason,
coliform levels are used to determine the suitability of
waters for bathing, water contact sports, and shellfish harvesting
Nutrients
Aquatic life forms require trace amounts of some mineral
salts and vitamins for growth and reproduction. Elimination
of such materials from the environment or their reduction below
minimum levels can limit these activities in some biota.
Conversely, an oversupply can stimulate the propagation of
certain species thereby resulting in a drastic shift in the
composition of the aquatic community. Wastewaters from
municipal sources and some industrial sources contain phosphorus
and nitrogen - inorganic salts which serve as nutrients,
or fertilizers, for aquatic plant life. Although many other
elements are necessary for plant growth, these two nutrients
are usually considered the limiting factors in the control
or proliferation of aquatic plant growths.
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With the adequate supply of nitrogen and phosphorus,
the waters can support luxurious growths of suspended algae,
attached filamentous algae and rooted aquatic plants. The
suspended algae generally reduce aesthetic enjoyment of the
waters by reducing their clarity, sometimes to the extent
that objects in more than two feet of water are not visible
from the surface. With changes in environmental conditions, the
sudden depth and subsequent decomposition of a dense algae
population can deplete dissolved oxygen to the extent that fish
and other aquatic life are not able to survive.
These plants become detached from their moorings, especially
during periods of turbulent water, accumulate as slimy masses
in the surf and wash up on the shore. It is not uncommon to
see masses of detached plants covering long reaches of the shore
several inches deep and many feet from the water's edge. They
not only present an unsightly appearance but also decay and
produce extremely offensive odors. Such shoreline conditions
prevent full development of the recreational potential of an
area.
Prolific aquatic plant growth is evidenced in the northern
half of Barnegat Bay.
Suspended Solids
Suspended solids in sewage include large proportions of
decomposable organic solids. Within this area, the major
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source of such suspended solids is the discharge of
inadequately treated municipal waste. Adequate treatment
facilities are capable of removing 90 to 95 percent of such
material from municipal wastewaters. Upon discharge to the
receiving waters, the suspended solids immediately impart a
grey turbidity to the waters and diminish their esthetic appeal.
The heavier solids settle to the stream bottom in the vicinity
of the points of discharge and form objectionable and harmful
sludge deposits. These sludge blankets cover and destroy the
bottom aquatic life that serve as food for fish. Suspended
solids from industrial wastes can have similar detrimental
effects.
The organic material in the sludge deposits undergoes a
decomposition process which lowers the dissolved oxygen level
in the overlying waters, at times to below that needed for
fish and other aquatic life to survive. When complete depletion
of oxygen occurs, the further decomposition of organic matter
produces obnoxious hydrogen sulfide gas which appears as bubbles
on the surface. This gas breaks loose masses of the deposited
sludge and lifts them to the surface where they appear as
unsightly grey or black odorous clumps and rafts.
The lighter suspended solids are carried downstream by
the velocity of the following water to settle and form similar
sludge banks in eddy areas distant from the points of discharge.
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In coastal streams, the salt content of the sea water pre-
cipitates the fine colloidal portions of the suspended solids
to form additional sludge deposits where fresh and salt waters
meet.
Thus, these suspended solids may produce harmful effects
throughout the entire length of the receiving streams from the
points of discharge to their months.
Thermal Discharges
The impact of these sources on the marine environment may
appear in several different ways:
a. Heat affects the physical properties of water such as
density, viscosity and reduces the solubility of dissolved
oxygen in water.
b. Heat generally speeds up the rate at which chemical
reactions progress thereby resulting in a more rapid formation
of undesirable compounds and/or a more rapid depletion of
oxygen resources during the decomposition process.
c. The physiological processes of many marine species are
temperature dependent. An artificial heat source can
accelerate growth and metabolic rates and respiration of most
estuarine biota, if introduced within specific limits.
Artificially elevated temperatures may also result in longer
growing seasons for many organisms.
d. Increased temperatures may reduce the numbers of
species in the community and stimulate excessive populations
of individual species. Perhaps thermal additions will cause
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the development of a fauna more typical of warmer latitudes
or will alter the migration patterns of fish affected by the
thermal source. In such a case, removal or deactivation of
the thermal source may have a harmful effect on the species
or fish in the area influenced by source.
e. An increase above natural background temperatures can
in many cases result in synergistic actions; i.e., the
simultaneous effects of separate agents is greater than the
sum total of individual effects. Prime examples are the
increased toxicity of some materials, e.g., heavy metals and
the increased virulence of fish pathogens.
f. Sudden temperature changes or fluctuations can also
have a harmful effect on fish and biota.
In summary, the introduction of artificial thermal
sources may place significant stress upon the entire
estuarine ecosystem to the extent that fish kills may be
caused directly or indirectly (synergistically). Conversely,
the effects of a rise in temperature may be somewhat
beneficial depending on whether this change brings the natural
biota closer to or further from the midrange of temperature
to which it is evolutionary adapted or presently acclimated.
However, as discussed, any artificially induced temperature
changes on the estuarine system may also lower the diversity
of flora and fauna -- a condition which often indicates a less
stable environment which is more susceptible to species
fluctuations and thus to serious environmental upsets.
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B. Water Quality Standards
The concept of water resources management is vital to
effective environmental control. The basis for such
management includes a system of defining the best present
and possible future uses for all surface waters and sub-
sequently establishing a rational set of water quality
criteria for each best usage classification. These criteria,
which set limits on specific water quality parameters, can
then be utilized in the formulation of viable regional water
quality control plans and compliance dates to implement such
plans. It is within this framework that the ultimate
utilization of a particular basin may be planned and directed.
The predominant uses of any particular estuarine or coastal
area depends on historical and economic development, population
pressures, and the natural resources available. In the New
Jersey Coastal Basin, the tidal and non-tidal waters have been
used intensively for such recreational activities as bathing,
boating and sportfishing. The State of New Jersey was required,
under the Water Quality Act of 1965, to establish standards for
their interstate waters subject to the review and approval of
the Secretary of the Interior. This responsibility has
subsequently been transferred to the Administrator of the
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency.
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The Water Quality Standards actually consist of the
following four components:
a. A statement of policy on the protection and
enhancement of water resources often referred to as an
"anti-degradation statement."
b. A classification of surface waters designating
specific best uses for individual basins and/or sub-basins.
c. Numerical values (limits) and narrative descriptions
of certain water quality parameters assigned for specific
water use classifications.
d. A plan of implementation and enforcement, including
treatment and control requirements, for all wastewaters dis-
charged into or affecting interstate surface waters.
Generally, an implementation plan consists of a stated
course of action (treatment requirements and dates) which is
required to achieve the desired water quality classification
for a particular basin. This abatement plan is usually based
upon past feasibility studies and engineer's reports written
for portions of the basin for which the implementation plan
is written. Upon establishing a general abatement plan ,
strategy dates are assigned to wastes dischargers for the
completion of the following items concerning the construction
of the required treatment and/or transmission facilities:
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1. Report on design
2. Submission of preliminary plans
3. Submission of final plans
4. Award construction contracts
5. Complete construction
In 1967, formal orders of this type were established for a
total of 71 municipal waste sources in the Atlantic Coastal
Basin. The listing of these municipalities and a copy of one
such order (City of Pleasantville) have been appended. Similar
orders were issued for other point sources in the coastal region
and all included identical timetables for the completion of the
indicated construction.
The specific dates under the 1967 implementation plan
were as follows:
Completion of design - April 30, 1968
Completion of preliminary plans - October 30, 1968
Completion of final plans - June 1, 1969
Award construction contracts - October 1, 1969
Complete construction - November 30, 1970
The major treatment requirements in the implementation
plan are:
a. 95 percent BOD removal for waste discharging to coastal
estuaries or tributary streams; for Sewage Treatment Plants
the effluent is limited to 15 mg/1 BOD.
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b. 85 percent BOD removal for wastes discharged to the
ocean.
The tidal and non-tidal waters of the New Jersey Coastal
Area have been designated by a total of six water use
classifications:
a. Freshwater non-tidal waterways throughout the Area
have been assigned the following three classifications:
FW-1 - waters set aside to be maintained in their natural
state and which shall not be subjected to any man-made waste-
water discharges.
FW-2 - waters which shall be suitable for potable water
supply.
FW-3 - waters which shall be suitable for the maintenance,
migration and propagation of the natural established biota and
for primary contact recreation.
b. Tidal waters within the Area have been designated as
TW-1 waters by which classification they shall be suitable
for the following major usages: as a potable water supply,
for shellfish harvesting, where permitted, and for primary
contact recreation.
c. The coastal waters of the Basin have been assigned the
following two classifications:
CW-1 - waters which shall be suitable for primary contact
recreation (bathing, water contact sports, etc.)
25
-------
CW-2 - waters which shall be suitable for secondary
contact recreation.
The interstate waters of the New Jersey Coastal Area
(Sandy Hook to Cape May) include the following major use
classifications:
CW-1 Waters - The waters of the Atlantic Ocean extending
from mean low tide line to 1500 feet offshore to a depth of
15 feet, whichever is more distant.
CW-2 Haters - The waters of the Atlantic Ocean extending
from the limit of CW-1 to the state boundary of three miles
offshore.
TW-1 - Inland tidal waters.
The existing Water Qual ity Standards have been appended for
reference.
C. Water Quality Data
Water quality data for the New Jersey Coastal Area are
available from two primary sources: detailed water quality
surveys by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and
the routine water quality surveillance program maintained by
the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP).
The Environmental Protection Agency has conducted two
surveys, one during the summer of 1966, and another during
the summer of 1967 to determine water quality. Both surveys
extended from Sandy Hook to Cape May. The 1966 survey
26
-------
included approximately 40 stations on the major tidal inlets
and streams tributary to the coastal area. During 1967,
coverage was expanded to include additional stations in the
Intercoastal Waterway, tidal waters behind barrier islands,
and tributary rivers and streams. A combined total of 237
stations was sampled during 1966-67, 12 of which were
coincident with those sampled by the NJDEP-
The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
collects quarterly water quality data at 33 stations from the
Navesink River south to the Tuckahoe River. Eight of these
stations are located in areas not sampled by EPA. The remaining
stations were either at the same location or provided more
complete coverage within the same geographical area as previous
EPA stations.
The total number of stations sampled was 258. Sampling
results are presented in Table No. 1 and discussed in the
following paragraphs.
Sandy Hook to Manasquan Inlet
From Sandy Hook to Manasquan Inlet water quality is
good. In this stretch, the sampling stations are primarily
located in coastal waters. Levels of fecal coliform exceeding
criteria occur in waters of the upper Navesink River and the
upper Manasquan River. Data collected by both EPA and the NJDEP
show that the pattern of bacterial contamination extends into
the tidal portions of these waters as well.
27
-------
Table No. 1
Water Quality Data
Station
Location
Water
Quality
Classif-
ication
Dissolved Oxygen
//Samples
//Samples
below
Criteria
SANDY HOOK TO MANAS QUAN INLET
S35
S34
S33
AC1
S31
AC 2
S32
S30
S29
AC33
S67
S66
S26
AC 3
S68
A55
S27
101
A91
102
A85
Yellow Brook
Swimming River
Naves ink River
Naves ink River
Shrewsbury River
Shrewsbury River
Shrewsbury River
Shark River
Shark River
Manasquan River
Manasquan River
Mingamahone Brook
Manasquan River
Manasquan River
Manasquan River
Manasquan River
Manasquan River
Atlantic Ocean at
Highlands
Atlantic Ocean at
Long Branch
Atlantic Ocean at
Long Branch
Atlantic Ocean at Dea]_
FW-2
FW-2
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
FW-2
TW-1
FW-2
FW-2
FW-2
FW-2
FW-2
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
CW-1
CW-1
CW-1
CW-1
1
1
2
23
2
23
2
1
3
18
2
no
3
23
2
2
4
2
1
1
1
0
1
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
data
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Fecal
//Samples
1
1
2
6
2
6
2
1
3
6
2
no
3
6
2
2
4
2
1
1
1
Colif orm
//Samples
above
Criteria
1
1
2
2
0
0
0
1
1
6
2
data
3
3
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
- 2 -
Station
103
104
A86
A92
A87
105
A93
A88
A94
106
A95
A90
107
108
Location
Atlantic Ocean at
Allenhurst
Atlantic Ocean at
Allenhurst
Atlantic Ocean at
Deal Lake
Atlantic Ocean at
Deal Lake
Atlantic Ocean at
Asbury Park
Atlantic Ocean at
Asbury Park
Atlantic Ocean at
Asbury Park
Atlantic Ocean at
Bradley Beach
Atlantic Ocean at
Avon
Atlantic Ocean at
River Inlet
Atlantic Ocean at
Belmar
Atlantic Ocean at
Belmar
Atlantic Ocean at
Sea Girt
Atlantic Ocean at
Manas quan
Water
Quality
Classif-
ication
CW-1
CW-1
CW-1
CW-1
CW-1
CW-1
CW-1
CW-1
CW-1
Shark
CW-1
CW-1
CW-1
CW-1
CW-1
Dissolved Oxygen
//Samples
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
//Samples
below
Criteria
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Fecal Coliform
//Samples
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
//Samples
above
Criteria
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
-3-
Station
A63
MANAS QUAN
109
110
S28
S41
111
A56
S71
S70
ACS
S69
S25
AC 4
Location
Atlantic Ocean at
Manasquan Inlet
INLET TO BARNEGAT INLET
Atlantic Ocean at
Pt. Pleasant Beach
Bay Head - Manasquan
Canal
Bay Head - Manasquan
Canal
Bay Head - Manasquan
Canal
Bay Head - Manasquan
Canal
Beaverdam Creek
South Branch Metedeconk
River
South Branch Metedeconk
River
South Branch Metedeconk
River
North Branch Metedeconk
River
North Branch Metedeconk
River
North Branch Metedeconk
River
Water
Quality
Classif-
ication
CW-1
CW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
FW-3
FW-3
FW-2
FW-3
FW-3
FW-2
Dissolved
//Samples
1
1
3
1
1
3
2
2
2
23
2
3
23
Oxygen
//Samples
below
Criteria
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
Fecal
//Samples
I
I
3
1
1
3
2
2
2
6
2
3
6
Coliform
//Samples
above
Criteria
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
3
0
-------
-4-
Station Location
S24 Metedeconk River
115 Metedeconk River
114 Metedeconk River
A54 Metedeconk River
113 Metedeconk River
112 Metedeconk River
S42 Barnegat Bay
116 Barnegat Bay
AC32 Kettle Creek
A53 Kettle Creek
118 Kettle Creek
117 Barnegat Bay
119 Barnegat Bay
120 Barnegat Bay
A52 Barnegat Bay
121 Barnegat Bay
A51 Barnegat Bay
122 Barnegat Bay
123 Barnegat Bay
A59 Barnegat Bay
S20 Barnegat Bay
S43 Barnegat Bay
A48 Barnegat Bay
S74 Toms River
AC31 Toms River
S73 Toms River
S72 Manapagua Brook
Water
Quality
Classif-
ication
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
FW-2
FW-2
FW-2
FW-2
Dissolved
//Samples
3
3
3
2
3
1
7
5
17
2
4
7
5
5
2
2
2
6
7
2
8
3
2
2
18
2
2
Oxygen
//Samples
below
Criteria
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
Fecal
//Samples
3
3
3
2
3
1
4
2
5
2
1
4
2
3
2
2
2
4
4
2
5
1
2
2
6
2
2
Colif orm
//Samples
above
Criteria
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
2
0
0
-------
-5-
Station Location
S22 Union Brook
S23 Toms River
AC7 Ridgeway Branch,
Toms River
AC6 Toms River
S21 Toms River
AC30 Toms River
AC29 Toms River, Jakes
Branch
124 Toms River
A49 Toms River
125 Toms River
A50 Toms River
126 Barnegat Bay
129 Barnegat Bay
128 Barnegat Bay
129 Barnegat Bay
S19 Cedar Creek
AC28 Cedar Creek
130 Barnegat Bay
131 Barnegat Bay
132 Barnegat Bay
S18 Forked River
AC27 Forked River
A08 Forked River
A07 Forked River
133 Barnegat Bay
Water
Quality
Classif-
ication
FW-2
FW-2
FW-2
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
Dissolved
//Samples
3
3
24
24
3
18
18
7
3
7
3
7
5
5
4
1
18
3
5
4
1
18
1
1
6
Oxygen
//Samples
below
Criteria
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
4
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Fecal
//Samples
3
3
6
6
4
6
5
4
2
4
2
4
2
2
1
1
5
1
3
2
1
6
Coliform
//Samples
above
Criteria
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
2
Not analyzed
Not analyzed
4 0
-------
-6-
Station
AC26
A06
136
A05
135
A04
A03
A02
A01
134
199
137
138
139
BARNEGAT
140
141
142
143
A60
144
145
S17
S45
AC24
Location
Oyster Creek
Barnegat Bay
Barnegat Bay
Oyster Creek
Barnegat Bay
Barnegat Bay
Barnegat Bay
Barnegat Bay
Barnegat Bay
Barnegat Bay
Barnegat Bay
Barnegat Bay
Barnegat Bay
Barnegat Bay
INLET TO LITTLE EGG
Barnegat Bay
Barnegat Bay
Barnegat Bay
Barnegat Bay
Log Creek
Barnegat Bay
Barnegat Bay
Manahawkin Bay
Man ah awk in Bay
Manahawkin Creek
Water
Quality
Classif-
ication
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
INLET
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
FW-2
Dissolved
//Samples
17
3
6
3
4
2
3
2
2
5
2
5
5
4
5
4
6
7
2
4
4
10
3
18
Oxygen
//Samples
below
Criteria
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
Fecal Coliform
//Samples
above
//Samples Criteria
5 0
Not analyzed
2 0
Not analyzed
2 0
Not analyzed
Not analyzed
Not analyzed
Not analyzed
3 0
Not analyzed
4 0
4 0
1 0
3
1
3
4
2
1
1
5
3
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
-------
-7-
Station
A47
A46
146
AC25
147
AC23
A61
149
148
150
AC22
151
A57
A58
152
153
154
LITTLE
S76
S75
ACS
S16
AC 9
S15
S77
S79
Location
Manahawkin Bay
Mill Creek
Little Egg Harbor
Cedar Run
Little Egg Harbor
Westecunk Creek
Westecunk Creek
Little Egg Harbor
Little Egg Harbor
Little Egg Harbor
Tuckerton Creek
Little Egg Harbor
Tuckerton Creek Channel
Tuckerton Creek Channel
Little Egg Harbor
Little Egg Harbor
Little Egg Harbor
EGG INLET TO ABSECON INLET
Wading River
Oswego River
Wading River
Wading River
Oswego River
Oswego River
Wading River
Mullica River
Water
Quality
Classif-
ication
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
FW-2
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
FW-2
FW-2
FW-2
FW-2
FW-2
FW-2
TW-1
FW-2
Dissolved
//Samples
1
2
1
18
3
19
2
3
1
2
18
3
1
1
1
1
3
2
2
25
3
26
3
2
2
Oxygen
//Samples
below
Criteria
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
1
0
0
2
1
Fecal
//Samples
2
2
1
6
3
7
2
3
1
3
6
3
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
6
3
6
3
2
2
Coliform
//Samples
above
Criteria
0
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
-------
Station Location
S78 Mullica River, Great
Swamp Branch
AC17 Hammonton Creek
AC11 Mullica River
S14 Mullica River
S80 Batsto River
AGIO Batsto River
AC18 Mullica River
S13 Mullica River
S12 Mullica River
AC21 Bass River
159 Mullica River
158 Mullica River
157 Great Bay
160 Great Bay
A45 Great Bay
156 Great Bay
155 Great Bay
A44 Great Bay
A41
A42 Little Bay
A40 Brigantine Channel
161 Brigantine Channel
A43 Little Bay
162 Reeds Bay
164 Bonita Tideway
A38 Reeds Bay
Water
Quality
Classif-
ication
FW-2
FW-2
FW-2
FW-2
FW-2
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
No data
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
Dissolved
//Samples
2
16
25
2
24
16
3
4
18
3
2
3
3
2
3
3
2
2
1
3
2
1
3
2
Oxygen
//Samples
below
Criteria
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
Fecal
//Samples
2
6
6
2
6
6
3
6
6
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
2
2
1
3
2
1
3
2
Coliform
//Samples
above
Criteria
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
-9-
Station
A3 9
163
ABSECON
A97
167
168
S48
198
165
A3 7
166
AC20
169
S09
170
A3 6
A3 5
171
173
A3 4
172
A96
A3 3
174
Location
Golden Hammock Thoro-
f are
Broad Creek
INLET TO GREAT EGG HARBOR
Absecon Inlet
Absecon Channel
Clam Creek
Absecon Inlet
Absecon Channel
Absecon Channel
Absecon Channel
Absecon Creek
Absecon Creek
Beach Thorofare
Beach Thorofare
Beach Thorofare
Great Thorofare
Beach Thorofare
West Canal
Lakes Bay
Lakes Bay
Beach Thorofare
Dock Thorofare
Shelter Island Waters
Beach Thorofare
Water
Quality
Classif-
ication
TW-1
TW-1
INLET
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
Dissolved
//Samples
2
3
1
3
3
1
3
3
2
1
16
3
4
3
1
2
3
3
2
3
1
2
3
Oxygen
//Samples
below
Criteria
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
0
0
0
0
Fecal
//Samples
2
2
1
3
3
1
3
2
2
1
6
2
4
3
1
2
3
3
2
3
1
2
3
Colif orm
//Samples
above
Criteria
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
-------
-10-
Station
175
A3 2
GREAT EGG
S06
SOS
176
A29
A30
Sll
AC12
S81
AC14
AC15
AC13
S10
AC16
180
A28
179
S82
AC 19
SOS
181
S07
178
177
Location
Risley Channel
Scull Bay
HARBOR INLET TO
Great Egg Harbor
Great Egg Harbor
Ship Channel
Rainbow Channel
Rainbow Channel
Great Egg Harbor
Great Egg Harbor
Great Egg Harbor
Great Egg Harbor
Babcock Creek
Great Egg Harbor
Great Egg Harbor
South River
Great Egg Harbor
Great Egg Harbor
Great Egg Harbor
Tuckahoe River
Tuckahoe River
Tuckahoe River
Tuckahoe River
Great Egg Harbor
Great Egg Harbor
Beach Thorofare
HEREFORD
Inlet
Inlet
River
River
River
River
River
River
River
River
River
Bay
Bay
Water
Quality
Classif-
ication
TW-1
TW-1
INLET
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
FW-3
FW-3
FW-3
FW-3
FW-3
TW-1
TW-1
FW-3
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
FW-3
FW-3
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
Dissolved
//Samples
3
2
4
4
3
2
2
1
25
1
16
16
25
3
16
2
2
3
2
15
3
3
1
3
3
Oxygen
//Samples
below
Criteria
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
2
1
1
2
3
0
0
0
0
Fecal
//Samples
3
2
4
4
3
2
2
1
6
2
6
6
6
3
6
2
2
3
2
5
3
3
1
3
2
Coliform
//Samples
above
Criteria
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
2
1
0
4
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
1
0
0
-------
-11-
Station
S53
A23
182
A22
S04
183
A21
184
185
A20
186
A24
S03
S56
A19
187
A18
A27
A17
188
A15
S57
A13
189
HEREFORE
Location
Crook Horn Creek
Crook Horn Creek
Crook Horn Creek
Corson Sound
Corson Inlet
Ludlam Bay
Whale Creek
Ludlam Thorofare
Ludlam Thorofare
Townsend Channel
Ludlam Thorofare
South Channel
Townsend Inlet
Ingram Thorofare
Princeton Harbor
Paddy Thorofare
Great Sound
Long Reach
Creese Thorofare
Island Thorofare
Nichols Channel
Great Channel
Jenkins Channel
Dung Thorofare
INLET TO CAPE MAY INLET
Water
Quality
Classif-
ication
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
Dissolved
//Samples
3
1
2
1
3
3
2
3
1
2
3
2
3
3
2
3
2
2
2
3
2
3
2
3
Oxygen
//Samples
below
Criteria
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
Fecal
//Samples
3
1
2
1
3
3
2
3
1
2
3
2
3
3
2
3
2
2
1
3
2
3
2
3
Colif orm
//Samples
above
Criteria
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
S02
Hereford Inlet
TW-1
-------
-12-
Station Location
190 Herefore Inlet
S59 Beach Creek
191 Grassy Sound Channel
A12 Old Turtle Thorofare
A14 Beach Creek
A26 Grassy Sound
S60 Grassy Sound Channel
All
A25 Post Creek Basin
A10 Richardson Channel
193 Richardson Channel
192 Grassy Sound Channel
194 Sunset Lake
A16 Sunset Lake
A09 Upper Thorofare
SOI Cape May Harbor
197 Cape May Harbor
195 Cape May Harbor
A98
S62 Cape May Canal
196 Cape May Harbor
Water
Quality
Classif-
ication
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
no data
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
no data
TW-1
TW-1
Dissolved
// Samples
3
3
3
2
2
2
3
2
2
3
3
3
2
1
4
1
2
3
3
Oxygen
//Samples
below
Criteria
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
no data
1
2
2
2
2
1
0
0
0
0
no data
0
0
Fecal
//Samples
3
3
3
2
2
2
3
2
2
3
3
3
2
1
3
1
2
3
3
Coliform
//Samples
above
Criteria
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Manasquan Inlet to Barnegat Inlet
This area includes most of Barnegat Bay and the Metedeconk
and Toms Rivers. Water quality meets criteria in the open
waters of Barnegat Bay. In the Metedeconk River, water quality
levels not meeting criteria were evidenced in the upper portion
and extend into tidal waters of the estuary. Toms River is
the most severely degraded estuary north of Atlantic City.
During the 1966-67 EPA surveys, dissolved oxygen levels in
the upper estuary were less than the criteria (4 milligrams
per liter) specified by the approved standards on 4 of 7
sampling tours. Levels of dissolved oxygen and/or bacteria
not meeting criteria extend throughout the estuary and into
fresh waters. Dissolved oxygen levels below criteria also
occurred in Goose Creek, Oyster Creek, and the north branch
of the Forked River.
Barnegat Inlet to Little Egg Inlet
From Little Egg Inlet to Absecon Inlet, water quality is
good. The natural conditions in the Mullica River cause
dissolved oxygen levels below the absolute minimum set by the
approved state and/or interstate standards. There is little
industrial or residential development within the basin.
A natural condition caused by organic enrichment from the marsh
and bogs which prevail in the area is probably responsible for
oxygen depletion. In the upper tidal (and freshwater) portions
28
-------
of the Mullica Basin, pH values are frequently below the
minimum value of 6.5 established by the approved standards.
This low pH is probably caused by organic acids released during
natural decomposition of organic matter.
Absecon Inlet to Great Egg Harbor Inlet
The confined tidal waters from Absecon Inlet to Great Egg
Harbor Inlet exhibit water quality levels not conforming with
accepted criteria. Levels not meeting criteria were evidenced
upon one or more occasions at 11 of 22 stations sampled within
this area. The major water quality consideration was oxygen
depletion, although elevated bacterial densities also occurred.
Water quality conditions in this area clearly demonstrate the
effect of tidal exchange. Acceptable levels were observed at
stations located within one tidal excursion from an ocean inlet
(near Absecon and Great Egg Harbor Inlets); water quality
levels not meeting criteria were observed at stations in the
confined bay and channels greater than one tidal excursion from
the inlets (Lakes Bay, Beach Thorofare, etc.). This phenomena
accounts for the pattern of water quality observed from Absecon
Inlet to Cape May.
Great Egg Harbor Inlet to Herefore Inlet
Water quality from Great Egg Harbor Inlet to Hereford Inlet
is marginal. Water quality levels not meeting criteria were
observed on one or more occasions at 12 of 41 stations in
this area. Dissolved oxygen was below approved levels at 10
29
-------
stations. The combined State and Federal data reveal a pattern
of oxygen depletion and bacterial contamination in the tidal
and fresh waters of the Tuckahoe River and the lower Great
Egg Harbor River. Levels of dissolved oxygen not meeting criteria
are also scattered in confined tidal waters behind the barrier
Islands.
Herefore Inlet to Cape May
Tidal waters from Hereford Inlet to Cape May exhibit
oxygen depression, principally in areas where wastes are
discharged to confined bays. Water quality levels not meeting
criteria were evidenced at eight (8) locations, seven (7)
of which involved low dissolved oxygen concentrations. Stations
where water quality criteria were not met are concentrated in
confined tidal waters west of Wildwood and Wildwood Crest.
Water quality in the Atlantic Coastal Area exhibits a two
phase pattern. North of Little Egg Inlet - where most coastal
sewage treatment plants discharge to the Atlantic Ocean -
water quality levels not meeting criteria occur at stations
primarily in tidal estuaries of tributary rivers and streams.
South of Little Egg Inlet -- where sewage treatment plants
discharge to confined tidal waters which receive little exchange
and circulation -- water quality conditions not meeting criteria
are more concentrated and frequent.
30
-------
The Atlantic Coastal waters and waters of open bays are
of good quality. In general, water quality conditions not
meeting criteria occur in areas where tidal exchange is limited,
that is, confined waters.
The major water quality problems of the New Jersey Atlantic
Coastal Area are depressed dissolved oxygen levels, bacterial
contamination, and the presence of sewage discharge in inland
bays and estuaries, which restricts their usage for shell fishing.
Oxygen depression can limit reproduction, migration, and survival
of many forms of marine life, including finfish which contribute
to the economic vitality of the area. Fecal coliform contamination,
if allowed to continue or increase, could endanger the recreational
potential of the basin. High coliform bacteria levels, and the
presence of sewage discharges in inland bays and estuaries
has resulted in economic damage to, and if left unchecked,
could further harm the New Jersey shellfish industry.
31
-------
SECTION V
POINT SOURCES OF POLLUTION
A. Domestic Sewage - Municipal, Institutional and Federal
Facilities
Domestic sewage from municipal, institutional and federal
facilities comprise the greatest source of pollution within the
Jersey Coastal Area. Many of these sewage systems are subjected
to large seasonal load variations, which are due to an increase
in the resident and transient population during the summer
recreational period. At least a dozen resort communities
along the Jersey Shore undergo population increases of tenfold
or more.
Conference consideration encompasses 154 point sources of
domestic sewage. Of this total, 48 point sources are given
primary treatment, 94 are given what can be described as
secondary treatment, and 12 undergo an additional treatment
step (tertiary treatment). Also, sewage from 8 point sources
are, after treatment, discharged to the ground via percolation
into the subsurface stratum. All point source domestic sewage
discharges undergo some form of treatment.
The location of all point sources of domestic sewage in
the designated conference area is shown on Figures I through V.
Table 2 itemizes all sewage point sources, and gives pertinent
information in regard to flow, treatment,and the waterway into
which the wastes are discharged.
32
-------
DOMESTIC SEWAGE POINT SOURCES-MONMOUTH COUNTY
LEGEND
Primary Treatment
Secondary Treatment o
Tertiary Treatment
Figure II
-------
DOMESTIC SEWAGE POINT SOURCES-OCEAN COUNTY
SEASIDE HEIGHTS
See Table 2 in text for description of point sources
Figure III
-------
DOMESTIC SEWAGE POINT SOURCES-ATLANTIC COUNTY
Scale in Miles
OCEAN
NOTE:
See Table 2 in text for
description of point so u re
LEGEND
Primary Treatment
Secondary Treatment o
Tertiary Treatment
ATLANTIC CITY
Figure IV
-------
DOMESTIC SEWAGE POINT SOURCES-CAPE MAY COUNTY
Primary Treatment
Secondary Treatment or
Tertiary Treatment
NOTE:
Seo Table 2 in text for description of point sources.
Figure V
-------
TABLE NO. 2
Domestic Sewage Point Sources
Ident.
No.
Municipality
(Conference Area)
Design
Owner Cap.
Ave. Daily
Flow
(MGD)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
12
13
14
Matawan
Matawan
Matawan
Matawan
Keyport
Hazlet
Hazlet
Boro
Twp.
Twp.
Twp.
Twp.
Twp.
Union Beach
Hazlet
Hazlet
Hazlet
Twp.
Twp.
Twp.
Union Beach
Hazlet
Hazlet
Twp.
Twp.
Municipality
Matawan Twp. Mun. Util. Auth.
Cliffwood Bench
Matawan Twp. Mun. Util. Auth.
River Gardens
Matawan Twp. Mun. Util. Auth.
Stratmore
Municipal
Hazlet Twp. San. Auth.
Beer St. School Bd. of Ed.
Bd. of Ed. Memorial Park School
Family Circle Ass . (Bradlee)
Bayshore Sewerage Co.
J.M. Fields Dept. Stores
International Flavors & Fragrances
(Domestic)
International Flavor & Fragrance In.
Holly Hill Mobile Home Park
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.800
.750
.100
.800
.900
.196
.012
.005
.0072
.55
.010
.005
.032
.010
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
(MGD)
.800
.350
.070
.850
.650
.180
.005
.009
.011
.20
.008
.003
N/A
0
.009
Type of
Treat.
Primary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Primary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Water
Point of Classif
Dis. ication
Raritan Bay
Whale Creek to Raritan
Bay
Matawan Creek to
Raritan Bay
Mohingson Brook to
Raritan
Raritan Bay
Luppatacung Creek to
Raritan Bay
Luppatacung Creek to
Raritan Bay
Conascunk Creek to
Raritan Bay
Flat Creek to Raritan
Bay
Flat Creek to Raritan
Bay
Monascunk Creek to
Raritan Bay
East Creek to Raritan
Bay
East Creek to Raritan
Thorn Creek to Raritan
TW-1
FW-3
TW-1
FW-3
TW-1
FW-3
FW-3
TW-1
FW-3
FW-3
FW-3
TW-1
FW-3
FW-3
Bay
-------
-2-
Ident.
No.
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Municipality
Holmdel Twp.
Hazlet Twp
Keansburg
Middletown
Middletown
Middletown
Middletown
Middletown
Middletown
Twp.
Twp .
Twp.*
Twp.
Twp.
Twp.
Atlantic Highlands
Middletown
Highlands
Middletown
Middletown
Sea Bright
Twp.
Twp.
Twp.
Monmouth Beach
Owner
Municipal (Lanvin-Charles of the
Ritz)
Harvrich Ass. K-Mart Shopping
Center
Municipal
St. Catherine's Parish Hall
Middletown Swim & Tennis Club
Township of Middletown Regional
Sew. Auth.
Food Fair Properties Inc.
Howard Johnson Motel and Rest
U.S. Govern. (U.S. Navy) Leonardo
Loading Pier
Municipal
Atlantic Highlands Nursing
Municipal
Middletown Sew. Auth. Middletown
Green
Fort Hancock U. S. Army Installation
Municipal
Northeast Monmouth Regional Sewerage
Design
Cap.
(MGD)
0.180
0.
2.
0.
0.
6.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
0.
0.
0.
10.
024
07
008
008
5
050
015
080
600
013
2
060
55
250
0
Ave. Daily
Flow
(MGD)
0.045
Type of
Treat.
Secondary
Not Available Secondary
1
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.80
.002
.004
.0
.020
.009
.025
.300
.006
.500
.035
N/A
0
2
.117
.5
Primary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Primary
Primary
Secondary
Primary
Secondary
Primary
Primary
Secondary
Water
Point Classif-
of Dis. ication
East Creek to Raritan
Bay
Monascunk Creek to
Raritan Bay
Raritan Bay
Tidal ditch . to Raritan
Bay
Mahores Brook to
Raritan
Raritan Bay
Trib. to Mill Brook
to Raritan Bay
Twin Brook to Compton
Creek
Ware Creek to Raritan
Bay
Sandy Hook Bay
Many Mind Brook to
Raritan Bay
Atlantic Ocean
Nut Swamp Brook to
Navesink River
Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
FW-3
FW-3
TW-1
TW-1
FW-3
CW-2
FW-3
FW-3
FW-3
TW-1
TW01
CW-1
FW-3
CW-1
CW-1
CW-2
Authority
-------
-3-
Ident.
No.
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
Municipality
Rums on
Rumson
Ocean Port
New Shrewsbury
New Shrewsbury
Long Branch
Ocean Twp.
Deal
Asbury Park
Nep tune Twp .
Ocean Grove
Bradley Beach
Bradley Beach
Avon-by-the-Sea
Neptune Twp.
Neptune Twp.
Neptune City
Belmar
Manas quan
Owner
Municipal
Bd. of Ed. Dean Porter School
Fort Monmouth D. S. Govern.
Mid-Monmouth Industrial Park
Camp Charles Wood U. S. Govern.
Long Branch Sewer Authority
Ocean Twp. Sewerage Authority
Municipal
Municipal
Camp Meeting Association
Municipal Evergreen Ave. Plant
Municipal Ocean Park Ave. Plant
Municipal
Municipal Plant #2 Old Corless Ave.
Plant
Municipal Plant //I
Municipal
Municipal
Municipal
Design
Cap.
0.060
0.0056
0.750
0.025
0.500
5.4
3.0
0.3
5.5
0.847
0.335
0.665
0.400
2.5
1.16
0.310
3.0
0.525
Ave
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4.
2.
0.
3.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
0.
1.
0.
. Daily
Flow
230
002
700
020
500
5
2
371
6*
020
218
640
407
657
7
504
8
686
Type of
Treat.
Primary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Primary
Secondary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Secondary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Point
of Dis.
Navesink River
Nave sink River
Parker's Creek to
Shrewsbury River
Wampum Brook to
Shrewsbury River
Wampum Brook to
Shrewsbury River
Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Water
Classif-
ication
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
FW-3
FW-3
CW-1
CW-2
CW-1
CW-1
CW-1
CW-1
CW-1
CW-1
CW-1
CW-1
CW-1
CW-1
CW-1
-------
-4-
Ident.
No.
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
Municipality
Sea Girt
Sea Girt
Spring Lake
Spring Lake
Spring Lake Heights
Wall Twp.
Wall Twp.
Wall Twp.
Wall Twp.
Freehold Borough
Freehold Twp.
Freehold Twp.
Freehold Twp.
Howell Twp.
Howell Twp.
Farmingdale Boro
Owner
N.J. State Dept. of Defense National
Guard Training Center
Municipal
Municipal Pitney Ave.
Municipal Penn. Ave. Plant
Municipal
U. S. Army Installation Camp Evans
N.J. Highway Auth. (Asbury Park Service
Area)
Arthur Brisbane Child Treat. Center
Geraldine L. Thompson Medical Home
Municipal
Wynnewood Sewerage Utilities Co.
Freehold Sewer Co.
Silvermeade Mobile Homes Park, Inc.
Howell High School-Regional Board of
Ed. (Freehold Dist.)
Adelphia Sewer Company
New Construct. Main Street Apartment
Design
Cap.
(MGD)
0.2
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.4
.14
.50
.5
.8
.03
.016
.035
.800
.296
.800
.300
.032
.127
.030
Ave
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
. Daily
Flow
(MGD)
185
378
30
786
450
035
025
016
014
0
300
906
019
015
015
None Avail .
Type of
Treat.
Secondary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Tertiary
Tertiary
Water
Point Classif-
of Dis. ication
Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Trib. to Shark River
Trib . to Manasquan
River
Ground Percolation
Pasaquanaqua Branch,
Trib. Manasquan R.
Pasaquanaqua Branch,
Trib. Manasquan R.
Pasaquanaqua Branch,
Trib . , Manasquan R.
Trib. of Manasquan
Riv.
Manasquan Riv.
Manasquan River
Marsh Bog Brook Trib.
CW-1
CW-1
CW-1
CW-1
CW-1
TW-1
FW-2
FW-2
FW-2
FW-2
FW-2
FW-2
FW-2
FW-2
FW-2
FW-2
Manasquan Riv.
-------
-5-
Ident.
No.
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
Municipality
Owner
Freehold Twp. New Construct. Levitt & Sons
Bay Head Municipal
Point Pleasant Beach Municipal
Brick Twp. Brick Plaza, Inc.
Brick Twp. Brick Twp. Srg. Auth. - Lake Riviera
Brick Twp. Kennedy Mall Shopping Ctr.
Brick Twp. Brick Twp. Srg. Auth. - Green Briar
Brick Twp.
Pt. Pleasant Boro
Pt. Pleasant Boro
Lakewood Borough
Lakewood Twp.
Jackson Twp.
Jackson
Jackson Twp.
Jackson Twp.
Jackson Twp.
Brick Twp. Bd. of Ed. - Middle Elem. 0.50
School
Bd. of Ed. High School
Bd. of Ed. Nellie Bennett School
N. J. Water Co. (Lakewood)
S. Lakewood Sewer Co. (Leisure Village) 0.300
Oak Tree Mobile Home Inc.
United Mobile Homes (South Wind Mobile 0.045
Homes)
Design
Cap.
(MGD)
0.050
0.5
1.5
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.800
0.50
0.022
0.015
1.9
0.300
0.045
0.045
Ave. Daily
Flow
(MGD)
None Avail.
0
1
•
0
0
0
.488
.18
030+
.035
.045
.042
New Plant
no flow data
0
0
I
0
0
.012 (Oct.)
.006 (Oct.)
.60
.249
.025
New Plant
no flow data
Type of
Treat.
Secondary
Primary
Primary
Secondary
Secondary
Tertiary
Tertiary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Tertiary
Secondary
Water
Point Classif-
of Dis. ication
Trib. Manasquan Riv.
Atlantic Ocean
Ocean
Cedar Bridge Creek
Kettle Cr.
Cedar Bridge Creek
So . Branch Beaver Dam
Creek
Ground recharge
Ground recharge
Pt . Pleasant Canal
S. Br. Metedeconk Riv.
Kettle Cr.
Trib. So. Br. Toms Riv
Ground Percolation
FW-2
CW-1
CW-1
FW-2
FW-2
FW-2
FW-2
TW-1
FW-2
FW-2
.FW-2
Harmony Sewer Co.
0.144
Jackson Twp. Util. Auth. Brookwood I 0.150
Jackson Twp. Util. Auth. Brookwood II 0.150
0.065
.162
.139
Secondary So. Br. Metedeconk FW-2
River
Secondary No. Br. Metedeconk FW-2
River
Secondary So. Br. Metedeconk FW-2
River
-------
-6-
Ident.
No.
82
83
84
85
86
87
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
Municipality
Jackson Twp.
Jackson Twp.
Howell Twp.
(Monmouth Cty)
Howell Twp.
(Monmouth Cty)
Lavallette
Dover Twp.
Seaside Park
Seaside Heights
Berkeley Twp.
Dover Twp.
Dover Twp.
Berkeley Twp.
Berkeley
Island Heights
Lacey Twp.
Lacey Twp.
Owner
Jackson Twp. Util. Auth. Brookwood
III
Jackson Twp. Bd. of Ed. H. S. Complex 0.100
Maxim Sewer
Crickett Restaurant
Municipal
Dover Sewer Auth. (Ortley Beach)
Municipal
Municipal
Berkeley Twp. Srg. Auth. (So. Seaside 0.5
Park)
Dover Twp. Srg. Auth. Toms River Boro 0.544
Dover Twp. Srg. Auth. Holiday City
Berkeley Twp. Srg. Auth. Berkeley
Shores
Berkeley Twp. Srg. Auth. Clamming
Creek Plant
Municipal
Jersey Central Power & Light
N. J. Hwy. Auth. Forked River Service
Area
Design
(MGD)
0.300
0.100
0.450
0.006
0.868
6.0
0.96
1.7
0.5
0.544
0.250
0.500
0.250
0.400
0.004
0.040
Ave
0.
0.
0.
0.
3.
1.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
. Daily
Flow
(MGD)
167
10
358
004
870
5
2
5
04
990
173
235
050
148
003
028
Type of
Treat.
Secondary
Tertiary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Point
of Dis.
No. Br. Metedeconk
River
No . Br . Toms River
No. Br. Metedeconk
River
No. Br. Metedeconk
River
Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Toms River
Kettle Creek
Lagoon to Barnegat
Bay
Clamming Creek
Dillions Creek
Oyster Creek
Cedar Creek
Water
Classif-
ication
FW-2
FW-2
FW-2
FW-2
CW-1
CW-1
CW-1
CW-1
CW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
FW-2
-------
-7-
Ident.
No.
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
Municipality
Lacey Twp.
Lakehurst Boro
Manchester Twp.
Manchester
Ocean Twp. Ocean
County
Union Twp.
Berkeley Twp.
Owner
N. J. Dept. Env. H-Forked River Marina 0.006
Municipal
0. S. Naval Air Station Lakehurst
Crestwood Vil. Sewer Co. Inc.
Mid-Jersey Sewer Crop. (Waretown)
Pebble Beach Water & Sewer Co.
Bd. of Ed. Clare B. Worth School
Beach Haven Borough Beach Haven Srg. Akth.
Long Beach Twp. Long Beach Twp. S. A.
Ship Bottom Borough Ship Bottom Srg. Auth.
Surf City Borough Municipal
Stafford Twp. Stafford Twp. M. U. A.
Tuckerton
Little Egg Harbor
Twp.
Egg Harbor City
Hammonton
Tuckerton M. U. A.
Mystic Isles Srg. Co.
Municipal
Municipal
Design
Cap.
(MGD)
0.006
0.300
0.500
0.100
0.0855
0.400
0.010
0.6
2.0
1.2
0.722
0.577
0.5
0.308
Ave. Daily
Flow
Type of
Treat.
Water
Point Classif-
of Dis . ication
(MGD)
No data Est.
flow .003
0.
0.
0.
0.
145
272
114
400
097
Not Avail.
1.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2
5
5
78
457
2
31
Secondary
Tertiary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Tertiary
Secondary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Forked River
Union Branch Pine
Lake Toms River
Ridgeway Br. Toms Riv.
Ground Recharge
Waretown Creek
Lochiel Br. Horse
Neck Creek
Discharge into a
swale.
Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Mill Creek to Mana-
hawkin Bay
Tuckerton Creek
Rose's Cr. to Great
TW-1
FW-2
FW-2
TW-1
TW-1
CW-1
CW-1
CW-1
CW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
0.340
2.0
Bay
0.484
1.248
Landing Cr. to Mullica FW-3
Riv.
Secondary
Secondary Hammonton Creek
FW.-2
-------
Ident.
No.
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
Municipality
Hammonton
Washington Twp.
(Burlington County)
Atlantic City
Atlantic City
Atlantic City
Brigantine
Galloway Twp .
Galloway Twp.
Longport
Linwood
Pleasantville City
Somers Point
Ventnor
Winslow Twp.
Winslow Twp.
Galloway Twp.
Design
Owner Cap .
(MGD)
N. J. Expressway Auth. 0.004
Pacemaker, Inc. 0.010
Atlantic City Sewer Co. City Island 18.1
Plant
Atlantic City Sewer Co. Texas Ave. 0.500
Plant-operational summer months only
Vornado Inc. (Two Guys) 0.01
Municipal 0.600
Seaview Country Club 0.03
N. J. Highway Auth. - Atlantic City 0.030
Service Area
Municipal 0.500
Mainland Regional High School Main- 0.02
land Bd. of Ed.
Municipal 2.05
Somers Ft. City Srg. Auth. 1.05
Ventnor-Margate 3.5
Ancora State Hospital 0.400
Winslow Sanitary
N. J. Dept. of Higher Ed. Stocton
Ave. Daily
Flow
(MGD)
0.004
0.044
15.770
0.750
0.02
1.041
0.010 (Est.)
0.027
0.419
0.010
1.52
0.868
4.856
0.231
M / A
Type of
Treat.
Secondary
Secondary
Primary
Primary
Secondary
Secondary
Primary
Secondary
Primary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Water
Point Classif-
of Dis. ication
Penny Pot Stream
Mullica River
Beach Thorofare
Beach Thorofare
Beach Thorofare
St. George Thorofare
to Absecon Inlet
Reeds Bay
Trib. to Mullica Riv.
Beach Thoro .
Patcong Cr.
Jonathan Thorofare
Patcong Creek
Beach Thorofare
Blue Anchor Mullica
Riv.
Recharge Basins
FW-3
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
FW-2
TW-1
FW-3
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
FW-2
State College
Secondary Spray Irrigation
-------
-9-
Ident .
No.
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
Municipality
Buena Borough
Egg Harbor Twp
Galloway Twp .
Hamilton Twp .
Hamilton Twp.
Hamilton Twp.
Hamilton Twp.
Weymouth Twp .
Monroe Twp.
Monroe Twp.
Ocean City
Ocean City
Avalon
Dennis Twp .
Middle Twp .
Middle Twp.
Owner
Buena Borough Munic. Util. Authority
National Aviation Fac. Experimental
Sta.
Lenox, Inc.
Hamilton Twp. Munic. Util. Authority
N. J. Expressway Auth. Elwood Sect.
Zaberer's Restaurant
Atlantic City Race Track
Belcoville
Mun. Utilities Auth.
American Mobile Homes
Municipal 46th St. Plant
Ocean City Sewer Service Co.
Avalon Sewage Authority
N. J. Highway Auth. - Seaville Service 0.030
Area
Cape May Bd. Chosen Freeholders-Holmes 0.05
Middle Twp. Sewer District #1 Cape May 0.100
Court House
Design
Cap.
(MGD)
0.400
0.210
0.020
0.625
0.05
0.028
0.033
0.472
0.056
1.0
2.5
1.0
0.030
Ave. Daily
Flow
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(MGD)
.287
.236
.018
.355
.020
.020
.60
.30 (Est.)
.318
N/A
1
3
0
0
.16
.7
.898
.021
Type of
Treat.
Secondary
Secondary
Tertiary
Secondary
Tertiary
Secondary
Secondary
Primary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Primary
Secondary
Secondary
Water
Point Classif-
of Dis. ication
Branch of Deep Run
to Great Egg Harbor
River
Gravelly Run Great
Egg Harbor Riv.
Babcock Creek
Babcock Creek
Makepeace stream
Gravelly Run
Babcock Run
South River
Squamkum Be. of Great
Eau Hudson River
Sub-Surface Disposal
Great Egg Harbor Bay
Great Egg Harbor Bay
Great Sound
Lundlam Bay
TW-1
TW-1
FW-3
TW-1
FW-3
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
FW-3
FW-3
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
0.010 Secondary Holmes Creek to Great TW-1
Sound
0.175
Primary Crooked Brook to Here- TW-1
ford Inlet
-------
-10-
Ident.
No.
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
Municipality
Sea Isle City
Stone Harbor
North Wildwood
Wildwood
Wildwood Crest
Lower Twp .
Lower Twp .
Middle Twp.
Middle Twp.
Owner
Municipal
Municipal
Municipal
Municipal
Municipal
Shaw Crest Mobile Homes Corp.
Lower Cape Regional - Bd. of Ed.
Lower Twp.
Garden Lake Corp.
Florida Motor Court
Design Ave. Daily
Cap. Flow
Type of
Treat.
Point
of Dis .
Water
Classif-
ication
(MGD) (MGD)
0.340
1.2
2.11
3.5
1.3
0.28
0.732
1.022
2.85
1.919
New Plant
No data
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Secondary
Ludlams Thorofare
Great Channel
Herefore Inlet
Grassy Sound
Richardson Sound
Richardson Sound
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
TW-1
0.016
0.020
0.060
0.007
0.010
0.020
Secondary Mill Creek
TW-1
Secondary Creese Creek to Grassy TW-1
Sd.
Secondary Richardson Sound
TW-1
-------
There are seven federal sources of municipal waste, with
five located in Monmouth County and one each in Ocean County
and Atlantic County. Specifics are included in Table 2.
In the designated conference area, Monmouth County contains
the largest number of point source sewage discharges, and also
the largest flow volume. An itemization of point source
discharges by County follows:
County No. of Point Sources
Monmouth 64
Ocean 47
Atlantic 23
Cape May 15
Burlington 1
Gloucester 2
Camden 2
154
As indicated previously, all point sources undergo some
form of treatment, with the majority of point sources of
sewage given secondary treatment. Sewage discharges cause
unacceptable water quality levels and have resulted in the
closing of many acres to shellfishing. Standard health practice
dictates restricting shellfishing areas proximate to sewage
discharges. The limited assimilative capacity of the coastal
estuaries and tributary streams, and the designated water uses
for the area require additional abatement measures.
33
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B. Industrial Wastes (Direct Discharges)
Industrial water pollution in the New Jersey Coastal area
is a relatively minor problem in comparison to municipal point
sources of pollution, since most of the industry in the State
is located in areas north and west of the Conference area.
Those companies that are direct dischargers into navigable
waters were required to file applications for a permit with the
Army Corps of Engineers to discharge in accordance with the
Refuse Act Permit Program. This program is jointly administered
by the Corps of Engineers and EPA. Sources of information
for industrial waste characteristics and existing treatment
facilities were permit applications and state files.
In the New Jersey Coastal area, eighteen direct dischargers
have filed applications for permits (see Table 3). These
companies are predominantly in the food processing, chemical,
paper and power generation industries.
About two-thirds of the process water discharged in the
region from these eighteen direct dischargers comes from the
Tom's River Chemical Company and practically all of the
cooling water discharged is from three power generating
companies, the largest being the Jersey Central Power and
Light Company in Lacey Township.
The largest contributors of biological oxygen demand are
34
-------
TABLE NO. 3
Industrial Direct Dischargers - N. J. Atlantic Coastal Area
Name of Firm
MONMOUTH COUNTY
Brockway Glass
Nestle
3M Minnesota, Mining & Manufacturing Co.
OCEAN COUNTY
Plant Location
Freehold
Freehold
Freehold
Receiving Water
& Classification
DeBois Creek FW-2
Tributary to DeBois
Creek FW-2
Type of
Products
Glass Containers
Instant Coffee
Passaquanaqua Creek Magnetic Tape,
FW-2 Coatings
Description of Present
Discharge
Flow -.435 MGD
Phenol - 20 pph
Oil & Grease - 58 Ibs/day
Flow - .89 MGD
BOD5 - 434 Ibs/day
Oil & Grease - 97 Ibs/day
Phenol - .87 Ibs/day
Temp. - 98°F max.
Flow - .33 MGD cooling water
BOD - 45 Ibs/day
Borden, Inc.
Pt. Pleasant Beach
Fish Products
Jersey Central Power and Light
Tuckerton
Lacey Township
Wills Hole Thorofare Clams
TW-1
Newman's Thorofare
TW-1
Oyster Creek TW-1
Animal Feed
Power Generation
Flow - .0868 MGD
BOD5 - 248 Ibs/day
TSS - 145 Ibs/day
Oil & Grease - 7 Ibs/day
F. Coli. - not available
Flow - 1.326 MGD
Oil & Grease - not available
information not available
Flow - 529 MGD
CAMDEN COUNTY
Mrs. Paul's Kitchen (Braddock Frosted
Foods, Inc.)
Braddock Winslow Twp. Tributary to Mullica Frozen Fish &
River FW-2 Vegetables
Flow - .2 MGD Cooling Water
Temp. - 67°F
pH - 5.6* - 8.5
TS - 90 Ibs/day
BOD5 - 8.4 Ibs/day
Copper - .25 Ibs/day
Iron - .25 Ibs/day
*Intake water is naturally
acidic
-------
-2-
Name of Firm
Tom's River Chemical
Plant Location
Tom's River Dover
Twp.
Receiving Water
& Classification
Atlantic Ocean CW-2
Tom's River FW-2
Type of
Products
Dyes, Resins,
Pesticides, Cooling
Water
Description of Present
Discharge
Discharge 3 (2)
TSS - 3900 Ibs/day
BOD5 - 13,200 Ibs/day
COD - 31,300 Ibs/day
Ammonia (N) - 825 Ibs/day
Cadmium - 1.1 Ibs/day
Chromium - 26.2 Ibs/day
Copper - 36.7 Ibs/day
Lead -14.7 Ibs/day
Mercury - 0.15 Ibs/day
Zinc - 26.3 Ibs/day
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons -
6,150 Ibs/day (3)
Nitrobenzene - 132 Ibs/day
Nickel - 10.8 Ibs/day
Phenol - 3.0 Ibs/day
BURLINGTON COUNTY
Pacemaker
Lower Bank,
Washington Twp.
Mullica River TW-1
Boats
Flow - .0005 MGD Cooling
Water
- .0001 MGD Process
Water
Temp. - #1:
- #2
pH - 6.5 -
60°F Ave.,
72°F max.
75°F Ave.,
85°F max.
8.5
ATLANTIC COUNTY
Atlantic City Electric
Humble Oil (Oil Terminal)
Atlantic City
Atlantic City
Beach Thorofare TW-1
Clam Creek TW-1
Power Generation
Oil Terminal
66 MGD
Stormwater
Oil & Grease - 9 mg/1 in
treated Stormwater
Lenox China
Pomona, Galloway
Twp.
Jack Pudding Branch Fine China
of Babcock Creek FW-3
L. N. Renault & Sons (Universal Foods Corp.) Galloway Twp.
Elliot's Creek FW-2
Wine
Flow - .15 MGD (includes
sanitary)
Maximum (4)
Flow - .007 MGD
BOD5 - 770 Ibs/day
TSS - 512 Ibs/day
Color - 175 PT-CO Units
-------
—3 —
Name of Firm
Scott Paper
CAPE MAY COUNTY
Atlantic City Electric Co.
Borden, Inc.
Plant Location
Landisville
Beesley's Point
Cape May
Haynie Products
Middle Twp.
Wildwood Clam Co.
Notes
Wildwood
Receiving Water
& Classification
Type of
Products
Tributary of Deep Run Paper Products
FW-3
Harbor Bay TW-1 Power Generation
Upper Thorofare TW-1 Clams
Jude's Creek to
Richardson Channel
TW-1
Otten's Harbor TW-1
(1) Average daily loadings given unless specified otherwise.
(2) For the Tom's River Chemical Company, values are only given for discharge #3,
the process water discharge to the Ocean. The other four discharges are to
Tom's River (Cooling Water).
(3) Recent information from company indicates lower value - company continuing
to evaluate.
(4) Source of information - Refuse Act Permit Program Applications.
(5) Discharge Loadings are net values, i.e. substances added to the receiving waterway.
Refined Fish Oil
Clam Packaging
Description of Present
Discharge
Flow - .01 Cooling Water
pH - 6.5 - 7.5
Temp. - 80°F max.
Flow - 189 MGD (units 1 & 2)
Proposed: 298 MGD
Description of current
discharge not available
Average:
Flow - 0.257 MGD
TSS - 696 Ibs/day
BOD5- 161 Ibs/day
Oil & Grease - 10.8 Ibs/day
Fecal Coli - N/A
Flow - .0018 MGD
BOD5 - 69 Ibs/day
TSS - 1 Ib/day
Oil & Grease - 6 Ibs/day
Phenol — no data
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons -
no data
Ph - 7.9
Flow - .005 MGD
-------
the Tom's River Chemical Company and Nestle Company. The
only known direct discharger of metal wastes is the Tom's
River Chemical Company.
Table 3 gives major features and effluent characteristics
for each of the industries.
C. Industrial Haste in Municipal Systems
As indicated previously, industrial waste do not comprise
the major pollutional factor in the Jersey Coastal Area and
designated study region. Thirteen industrial plants are
reported to discharge waste to municipal sewage treatment
facilities (3). Considering the number of point sources of
domestic sewage and the extent of the conference area, this
seems to be a relatively small industrial waste contribution.
To further verify and assess the extent of industrial
waste in municipal systems, with primary analysis given to
material (heavy metals) which might upset the municipal
sewage system or would not be removed via bio-oxidation,
24 hr. composite samples of selected sewage treatment facilities
were collected and analyzed for heavy metals. The samples
were collected on December 16 - 17, 1972 by the Surveillance
and Analysis Division of Region II EPA. The following plants
are sampled:
35
-------
Name Treatment Flow on Sampling Date
Atlantic City Primary Treatment 11.25 MGD
Pleasantville Secondary Treatment - 1.0 MGD
High Rate Trickling
Filtration
Lakewood Secondary Treatment - 1.8 MGD
High Rate Trickling
Filtration
Belmar Primary Treatment 1.7 MGD
Bel mar would be a representative community with very little
industrial waste; Atlantic City, Lakewood and Pleasantville
are stable communities with a higher probability of containing
industries or establishments that could produce liquid wastes.
Plant operators for all of these communities informed EPA
that they knew of no significant industry served by their
sewer collection system.
On the whole, heavy metal concentrations in the effluents
from these sample communities does not appear to be of great
significance. Concentrations of zinc were high at Pleasantville
and copper concentrations were somewhat high in Pleasantville
and Lakewood. Data on the sampling results are appended for
reference.
Reviewing the problem of industrial waste in municipal
systems, it appears that although the problem is not one of
major importance or of a pivotal nature to the Jersey Coastal
Area, consideration and precautions should be taken in terms of
36
-------
dischargers to municipal sewage systems. The sewage plant
should not become overloaded by industrial waste,nor should
it be upset by toxic heavy metals. In addition, precautions
and ordinances should insure that appreciable amounts of
toxic heavy metals are not discharged to the sewage plant
for two reasons: first they may pass through the plant
without treatment and thus have a deleterious effect on the
receiving waters and its assigned usage; and secondly, if
toxic heavy metals are removed at the treatment plant, they
could cause problems either via leaching into the ground at
digested sludge landfill sites or by gaining access to the air
via sludge incineration.
Guidelines for industrial wastes (pre-treatment) in sewage
treatment systems are presented in Section VII.
D. Ocean Dumping
Ocean dumping of sewage sludge, harbor dredging and certain
chemicals is practiced in the vicinity of the Jersey Caostal
area. This dumping takes place approximately 12 miles from
Sandy Hook beach in the Atlantic Ocean. Ocean dumping is
administered by the Corps of Engineers via a permit system.
A study of the impact of this dumping by the Sandy Hook Marine
Laboratory on behalf of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers is
underway.
There is some evidence, based on these studies, that
material dumped at sea disposal sites are finding their way
to the Jersey coastline. Although, evidence has not yet
37
-------
conclusively indicated that sludge and other materials dumped
off Sandy Hook reach Jersey Coastal surf waters.
Evidence which indicates a possible detrimental effect
from ocean dumping at the Sandy Hook site focuses attention
concerning pollution from dump sites 10 miles from the
entrance to Delaware state. This dump site is used by the
cities of Camden, Phi la., Baltimore, and others. Current
EPA policy, and also state of New Jersey policy,as indicated
in Governor Cahill's statement of 2/14/70, is in favor of
phasing out all the ocean dumping at present sites. EPA interim
policy proposes a phasing out of ocean disposal of digested
sewage sludges, while state of New Jersey policy, as contained
in Governor Cahill's message (see Appendix) also proposes
a phasing out of ocean dumping. New Jersey has adopted
legislation (Clean Oceans Act) authorizing the New Jersey
Department of Environmental Protection to regulate dumping
from New Jersey.
Current thought and study is being given by EPA to allowing
disposal of sewage sludges, after rendering as innocuous as is
feasible, at deep sea sites. The rationale underlying this
analysis is that due to limited land disposal sites for solids,
and also due to potential air pollution problems from
incineration, deep sea ocean disposal of thoroughly digested
sewage sludges may be the alternate which, from a total
environment viewpoint, is least objectionable, and might be
beneficial, under certain circumstances, to marine life.
38
-------
In discussing ocean dumping as it relates to the Jersey
coastal area, it must be remembered that the majority of
material disposed of via ocean dumping off the Jersey coast
does not originate from the Jersey coastal area. This
problem is regional in scope and can be resolved only through
federal and inter-state cooperation.
E. Recreational Boating
Recreational boating can represent a significant source of
pollution, particularly from the standpoint of pathogenic
bacteria. Over 300,000 boats are registered within a few
hours drive of the Jersey coast area, indicating the potential
impact of pollution from this source (2). The development of
marinas and associate facilities, (presently in excess of 100
launch ramp and 18,000 marine berths) to meet present and
future recreational boating needs will intensify the pollution
problem from recreational boating.
The recommendations of the 1967 enforcement conference
included a directive that controls measures aimed at abating
pollutants from boats operating in the tidal waters of the
Jersey Coastal Area should be adopted by the State of
New Jersey. It is the position of New Jersey that, because
of the interstate nature of the problem, guidelines should
be established by the federal government for adoption by the
various states in order to achieve uniform requirements.
New Jersey pollution control officials believe that the most
39
-------
feasible and advantageous method to solve the problem of
boat pollution would be to require that boats be equipped
with holding tanks, with appropriate land treatment facilities.
EPA standards were proposed in May, 1971.
F. Other Pollution Sources
Water quality may be adversely affected by a variety of
other land and water uses. Agricultural activities within
the area result in chemicals spread over the land surface
being washed into surface water or percolated into ground
water aquifers. Another source of pollution is dredging,
which can result in a re-suspension of accumulated organic
sludges and silt. In addition, uncontrolled dredging may
result in the formulation of significant holes in the bottom of
a bay, thereby increasing detention time and circulation of
the water and the subsequent flushing of the system.
And finally, probably most significant source of pollution,
not previously discussed in detail, is the discharge of domestic,
and, to a much lesser extent, industrial waste to the ground.
In excess of 100,000 homes within the Atlantic Coastal Area
are served by cesspools or septic tanks. Leaching of contaminants
may constitute a significant source of pollution. Also, in
addition to the sewage plants that dispose of wastes into the
ground, some food processing firms dispose of their waste via
spray irrigation. These include: Farmingdale Associates,
Howell Townships; Keller Brothers, Farmingdale; and Scott Paper
Co. in Landisville.
40
-------
Recognizing the potential hazard from pollutants leaching
into ground and surface waters, the state of New Jersey
initiated, on January 15, 1972, new regulations governing
the installation of sub-surface disposal systems which would
protect the environment from pollution via the sub-surface
discharge of pollutants. These regulations require that
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection approval be
given prior to installation of septic tanks along low-lying
sections of the Jersey shore. In this way, where the location
was not appropriate, or where the existing stratum could no
longer handle additional septic tank discharges, a permit for
construction would not be issued. These rules are intended
to protect the environment until the recently enacted "Wetlands
Act" regulations take effect. The "Wetlands Act" provides
a comprehensive set of guidelines to protect the environment
in low-lying areas (marshlands, etc.)
Also, it has been and is the policy of the state of
New Jersey to encourage and require the development of sewer
systems, either where population densities are sufficient to
support the cost of sewers, or where a condition hazardous
to public health exists due to sub-surface disposal of sewage.
41
-------
SECTION VI
RECOMMENDED IMPLEMENTATION PLANS
A. Recommendations of Enforcement Conference (1967),
Water Quality Standards and State Policy
From a water pollution control viewpoint, the fresh and
estuarine waters of the New Jersey Atlantic Coastal Area do not
provide a capacity for assimilating appreciable amounts of
treated wastewater. The majority of fresh waters in the
conference area are classified as suitable for a source of
potable waters. Inland tidal waters have been classified as
suitable, where permitted, for shellfish harvesting. Also,
an extensive surf zone in the Atlantic Ocean has been
classified as primary contact recreation waters. Such uses
and the delicate estuarine character of the coastal area
require very high receiving water quality.
Recognizing the sensitivity and inabilty of the fresh
and tidal waters to accept appreciable waste discharges, water
quality standards proposed in 1967, and subsequently federally
approved, require a minimum of 95% BOD removal for discharges
to coastal estuaries and their tributary streams. One of the
recommendations of the Enforcement Conference (1967) was that
"it would be necessary for even treated waste to be
eliminated, since some danger of contamination (shellfish)
exists even when adequate treatment is required. Construction
42
-------
of required waste treatment systems which provide adequate
treatment prior to discharge through a limited number of
outfalls into the estuaries or through outfall lines extending
into the ocean will permit opening many areas now closed to
the harvesting of shellfish." (4)
New Jersey policy, in regard to solving the problem of
pollution for this area, has encouraged and required the
development of regional sewage systems with final discharge
of treated effluent to the Atlantic ocean. It was felt by
state officials that the fresh water and inland tidal waters
were simply not capable of assimilating any appreciable loads
placed upon them (BOD and coliforms) and remain suitable for
intended purposes. County master plans and studies, conducted
by consulting engineer firms, supported the state position.
Accordingly, every regional plan for sewage in the conference
area provides for either ocean discharges of secondary treated
effluent or, in a few remote inland areas, land recharge,
after appropriate treatment. It is felt that construction
of a series of regional treatment systems will be the most
important step, in an overall plan of water resources management,
to restoring the Jersey coastal area waters to their designated
quality and usage.
Construction of proposed regional plans would provide
additional protection to inland fresh surface waters for
future use as sources of potable water supply, enhance water
43
-------
quality in those fresh water streams presently receiving
treated waste, continue to protect ocean bathing waters and
maximize the restoration of presently closed shellfish
harvesting areas.
The state of New Jersey has statutory authority to
require water pollution control facilities to conform to
state approved regional plans (regional sewage collection
and treatment facilities). In 1968, the states power to
enforce a policy of regionalization was upheld in the courts.
The state of New Jersey has resorted to court proceedings
to insure implementation of recommended regional treatment
systems.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency policy also supports
treatment proposals which are in concurrence with approved
regional plans, as evidenced in the construction grants
guideline which allow a larger percentage of federal
assistance for a plant that is in conformance with an approved
regional plan.
B. Regional Systems - Domestic Sewage
To accomplish pollution control for domestic sewage from
the Atlantic Coastal and designated study area, 18 major
regional treatment facilities, with subsequent discharges of
treated effluent into the Atlantic Ocean, are proposed. There
will be 16 regional outfalls extending into the Atlantic
Ocean, into waters classified as CW-2, to accommodate discharges
44
-------
from the various regional treatment facilities.
In addition, consistent with the policy of eliminating
domestic sewage discharges from estuaries and tributary
streams, five smaller treatment facilities are proposed to
accommodate sewage needs of areas too remote to be included
in the 18 major regional treatment systems. At some time in
the future, assuming that sufficient development occurs,
population densities may justify extending interceptors to
include flows from these five treatment plants in regional
treatment systems (ocean outfalls). For the foreseeable future,
these facilities will discharge treated wastes to the ground,
after appropriate treatment, which will insure protection of
ground water quality.
Of the 18 major regional treatment facilities (with final
discharge to ocean) 10 will serve Monmouth county, 5 will
serve Ocean county, one regional system will serve Atlantic
county, and three regional systems will serve Cape May county.
Of course, in certain instances, one regional system may
include discharges from two counties, as in the development
of any regional treatment system, drainage basins and land
topography are significant factors determining the service
area for a regional treatment facility.
The treatment facilities are shown on Figure VI and listed
as follows:
45
-------
REGIONAL TREATMENT FACILITIES LOCATION PLAN
H
LEGEND
0 With Ocean Outfalls
I Ground Recharge
UNION BEACH
MIDDLETOWN TOWNSHIP
ATLANTIC HIGHLANDS
BAYSHORE OUTFALL AUTHORITY
NORTHEAST MONMOUTH
• LONG BRANCH
OCEAN TOWNSHIP
ASBURY PARK
NEPTUNE TOWNSHIP
SOUTH MONMOUTH
MANASQUAN RIVER
METEDECONK RIVER
ISLAND BEACH
CENTRAL BASIN-CEDAR CREEK
SOUTHERN BASIN-MILL CREEK
ATLANTIC COASTAL
OCEAN CITY
Scale in Miles
_| I
10
20
30
AVALON
WILDWOODS
Figure VI
-------
Monmouth County
1. Atlantic Highlands - Highlands Regional Sewerage Authority
2. Middletown Township Regional Sewerage Authority
3. Bayshore Regional Sewerage Authority
4. Northeast Monmouth Regional Sewerage Authority
5. Long Branch Sewerage Authority
6. Ocean Township Sewerage Authority
7. Asbury Park Subregion
8. Neptune Township Subregion
9. South Monmouth Regional Sewerage Authority
10. Manasquan River Subregion
Ocean County
11. Metedeconk River Subregion
12. Island Beach Subregion
13. Central Basin Subregion
14. Southern Subregion
Atlantic County
15. Atlantic Coastal Subregion
Cape May County
16. Ocean City Subregion
17. Stone Harbor - Sea Isle City Subregion
18. Wildwoods Subregion
The five (5) plants that will utilize ground discharge, as
shown on Figure VI, are:
46
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1. Egg Harbor City
2. Town of Hammonton
3. Winslow Township (Ancora State Hospital)
4. Hamilton Township (Mays Landing)
5. Buena Borough
Of the above listed regional treatment systems (with
final discharges to Atlantic ocean), the Atlantic Highlands,
Middletown and Bayshore regional treatment systems all will
discharge through a common outfall to the Atlantic ocean
(Monmouth County Bayshore Outfall Authority). As indicated
previously, wastes from the service areas of these three
regional systems, located along the north shore of Monmouth
county (Sandy Hook Bay - Raritan Bay), do not currently
discharge to the Atlantic Ocean. We have included these three
regional systems for conference consideration since their
final discharge will eventually be directed into the Atlantic
Coastal waters. The remaining 15 regional treatment facilities
will each be served by an individual outfall. Development
and implementation of proposed regional plans for domestic
sewage treatment will be accomplished by diverting present
point source discharges into regional interceptors and collectors,
subsequently directing the flow to the appropriate regional
facilities. In most cases, existing treatment facilities will
47
-------
be deactivated, and utilized as collection points and pump
stations to divert wastes from a locality or area into a
regional interceptor or collection sewer.
Table 4 indicates the point source discharges recommended
for inclusion in each regional system; also the point sources
recommended for inclusion in the five (5) major plants
employing ground disposal.
In terms of treatment, the major regional facilities
(with ocean discharge of treated effluent) will provide
secondary biological treatment (min. 85% BOD removal). The
five (5) major treatment plants which will discharge effluents
into the ground will provide tertiary treatment, as is
necessary for ground discharge. All facilities will provide
year-round disinfection (chlorination) of the wastewater.
The discharge from the U. S. Army Installation at Fort
Hancock (Sandy Hook Area) will be given secondary treatment,
plus adequate disinfection in an individual treatment facility.
The effluent will be discharged to the Atlantic Ocean via an
ocean outfall.
In terms of the small, remote, inland domestic sewage
point source discharges for which ground discharge systems
are envisioned, final details of pollution abatement (point
sources to be.served by various plants, type of treatment, etc.)
will be confirmed and/or finalized after detailed engineering
studies.
48
-------
TABLE NO. 4
Sewage Point Sources to be Served by Regional Plants (Near Future)
A.
B.
C.
Regional Plant
(System)
Atlantic Highlands
Highlands Regional
Sewerage Authority
Middletown Twp.
Regional Sewerage
Authority
Bayshore Regional
Sewerage Authority
Municipality
Atlantic Highlands
Highlands
Middletown Twp.
Middletown Twp.
Middletown Twp.
Middletown Twp.
Middletown Twp.
Middletown Twp.
Middletown Twp.
Middletown Twp.
Hazlet Twp.
Hazlet Twp.
Hazlet Twp.
Hazlet Twp.
Hazlet Twp.
Hazlet Twp.
Hazlet Twp.
Hazlet Twp.
Homdel Twp.
Keansburg
Union Beach
Union Beach
Owner
Municipal
Municipal
Atlantic Highlands Nursing Home, Inc.
Food Fair Properties , Inc.
Howard Johnson Motel and Restaurant
Middletown Sewage Authority -
Middletown Green
Middletown Swim and Tennis Club
St. Catherine's Parish Hall
Middletown Twp. Regional Sewage Auth.
U. S. Navy - Leonardo Loading Pier
Bayshore Sewerage Company
Beer Street School - Board of Education
Family Circle Associates
Harvich Associates - K-Mart Shopping
Center
Hazlet Twp. Sewage Authority
Holly Hill Mobile Home Park
International Flavors & Fragrances Inc.
J. M. Fields Department Stores
Municipal (Lanvin - Charles of the Ritz)
Municipal
Board of Education - Memorial Park School
International Flavors and Fragrances
(Domestic)
-------
Regional Plant
(System)
D. Northeast Monmouth
Regional Sewerage
Authority
E. Long Branch Sewerage
Authority
F. Ocean Twp. Sewerage
Authority
G. Asbury Park Subregion
H. Neptune Twp. Subregion
—2—
Municipality
Keyport
Matawan Borough
Matawan Twp.
Matawan Twp.
Matawan Twp.
Sea Bright
Monmouth Beach
Rumson
Rumson
Oceanport
New Shrewsbury
New Shrewsbury
Long Branch
Ocean Twp.
Deal
Asbury Park
Bradley Beach
Bradley Beach
Avon-by-the-Sea
Neptune Twp. Ocean
Grove
Neptune Twp.
Neptune Twp.
Neptune City
Owner
Municipal
Municipal
Matawan Twp. Mun. Utilities Auth. -
Cliffwood Beach
MTMUA - River Gardens
MTMUA - Stratmore
Municipal
Northeast Monmouth Regional Sewerage
Authority
Municipal Plant
Board of Education - Dean Porter School
Fort Monmouth (U. S. Government)
Mid-Monmouth Industrial Park
Camp Charles Wood (U. S. Government)
Long Branch Sewer Authority
Ocean Twp. Sewerage
Municipal
Municipal
Municipal Evergreen Ave. Plant
Municipal Ocean Park Ave. Plant
Municipal
Ocean Grove Camp Meeting Association
Municipal Plant #2 Old Corless Ave.
Plant
Municipal Plant #1 Penn Ave.
Municipal
-------
Regional Plant
(System)
South Monmouth Regional
Sewerage Authority
J. Manasquan River Subregion
K. Metedeconk Subregion
-3-
Munlcipality
Belmar
Manasquan
Sea Girt
Sea Girt
Spring Lake
Spring Lake
Spring Lake Heights
Wall Twp.
Wall Twp.
Wall Twp.
Freehold Borough
Freehold Twp.
Freehold Twp.
Freehold Twp.
Howell Twp.
Howell Twp.
Howell Twp.
Farmingdale Borough
Freehold Twp.
Wall Twp.
Bay Head
Point Pleasant Beach
Brick Twp.
Brick Twp.
Brick Twp.
Owner
Municipal
Municipal
N. J. State Dept. of Defense National
Guard Training Center
Municipal
Municipal Pitney Ave. Plant
Municipal Penn. Ave. Plant
Municipal
U. S. Army Installation Camp Evans
N. J. Highway Authority - Asbury Park
Service Area
Geraldine L. Thompson Medical Home
Municipal
Wynnewood Sewerage Utilities Co.
Freehold Sewer Co.
Silvermeade Mobile HOmes Park, Inc.
Howell High School-Regional Board
of Education (Freehold District)
Adelphia Sewer Company
Farmingdale Associates
Main Street Apartments (New Construct.)
Levitt & Sons (New Construction)
Arthur Brisbane Child Treatment Center
Municipal
Municipal
Brick Plaza, Inc.
Brick Twp. Srg. Auth. - Lake Riviera
Kennedy Mall Shopping Ctr.
-------
Regional Plant
(System)
Island Beach Subregion
-4-
Municipality
Brick Twp.
Brick Twp.
Pt. Pleasant Borough
Pt. Pleasant Borough
Lakewood Borough
Lakewood Twp.
Jackson Twp.
Jackson Twp.
Jackson Twp.
Jackson Twp.
Jackson Twp.
Jackson Twp.
Jackson Twp.
Howe11 Twp
Owner
Brick Twp. Srg. Auth. - Green Briar
Brick Twp. Bd. of Ed. - Middle Elem.
School
Bd. of Ed. High School
Bd. of Ed. Nellie Bennett School
N. J. Water Co. (Lakewood)
S. Lakewood Water Co.
Oak Tree Mobile Home Inc.
United Mobile Homes (South Wind
Mobile Homes)
Harmony Sewer Co.
Jackson Twp. Util
Jackson Twp. Util
Jackson Twp. Util
Jackson Twp. Bd.
(Monmouth Cy) Maxim Sewer Co.
Howell Twp. (Monmouth Cy) Crickett Restaurant
Auth. Brookwood I
Auth. Brookwood II
Auth. Brookwood III
of Ed. H. S. Complex
M.
Central
Lavallette
Dover Twp.
Seaside Park
Seaside Heights
Berkeley Twp.
(Basin Subregion) Dover Twp.
Dover Twp.
Dover Twp.
Berkeley Twp.
Berkeley
Municipal
Dover Sewer Auth. (Ortley Beach)
Municipal
Municipal
Berkeley Twp. Srg. Auth. (So. Seaside
Park)
Dover Twp. Srg. Auth. - Toms River Boro
Dover Twp. Srg. Auth. - Holiday City
Toms River Chemical Co.
Berkeley Twp. Srg. Auth. Berkeley Shores
Berkeley Twp. Srg. Auth. - Clamming Crk.
Plant
-------
-5-
Regional Plant
(System)
Southern Subregion
Municipality
Island Heights
Lacey Twp.
Lacey Twp.
Lacey Twp.
Lakehurst Borough
Manchester Twp.
Manchester Twp.
Ocean Twp. Ocean County
Union Twp.
Beach Haven Borough
Long Beach Twp.
Ship Bottom Borough
Surf City Borough
Stafford Twp.
Tuckerton
Little Egg Harbor Twp.
Atlantic Coastal Subregion Atlantic City
Atlantic City
Atlantic City
Brigantine
Galloway Twp.
Galloway Twp.
Owner
Municipal
Jersey Central Power & Light
N. J. Hwy. Auth. Forked River Service
Area
N. J. Dept. Env. H-Forked River Marina
Municipal
U. S. Naval Air Station Lakehurst
Crestwood Vil. Sewer Co. Inc.
Mid-Jersey Sewer Corp. (Waretown)
Pebble Beach Water & Sewer Co.
Beach Haven Srg. Auth.
Long Beach Twp. S. A.
Ship Bottom Srg. Auth.
Municipal
Stafford Twp. M. U. A.
Tuckerton M. U. A.
Mystic Isles Sewerage Company
Atlantic City Sewer Co. City Island
Plant
Atlantic City Sewer Co. Texas Ave.
Plant -Operational summer months only
Vornado Inc. (Two Guys)
Municipal
Seaview Country Club
N. J. Highway Auth. - Atlantic City
Service Area
-------
Regional Plant
(System)
Ocean City Subregion
Stone Harbor - Sea Isle
City Subregion
R. Wildwoods Subregion
Municipality
Longport
Linwood
Pleasantville City
Somers Point
Ventnor
Ocean City
Ocean City
Upper Twp.
Avalon
Dennis Twp.
Middle Twp.
Middle Twp.
Sea Isle City
Stone Harbor
North Wildwood
Wildwood
Wildwood Crest
Lower Twp.
Lower Twp.
Middle Twp.
Middle Twp.
Owner
Municipal
Mainland Regional High School-Mainland
Bd. of Ed.
Municipal
Somers Point City Srg. Auth.
Ventnor-Margate Sewerage Auth.
Municipal 46th St. Plant
Ocean City Sewer Service Co.
Bay Motel Corp.
Avalon Sewage Authority
N. J. Highway Auth. Seaville Service
Area
Cape May Bd. of Chosen Freeholders -
Holmes Creek Plant
Middle Twp. Sewer District #1 Cape
May Court House
Municipal
Municipal
Municipal
Municipal
Municipal
Shaw Crest Mobile Homes Corp.
Lower Cape May Regional - Bd. of
Education Lower Twp.
Garden Lake Corp.
Florida Motor Court
-------
-7-
Regional Plant
(System)
S. Egg Harbor City
T. Town of Hammonton
U. Winslow Twp. (Ancora
State Hospital)
V. Hamilton Twp. (Mays
Landing)
W.
Plants Utilizing Ground Disposal
Municipality
Buena Borough
Miscellaneous
Egg Harbor City
Hammonton
Hammonton
Hammonton
Winslow
Winslow
Galloway Twp.
Hamilton Twp.
Hamilton Twp.
Hamilton Twp.
Weymouth Twp.
Egg Harbor Twp.
Buena Borough
Owner
Municipal
Municipal
N. J. Expressway Authority
N. J. Expressway Authority (Elmwood Sect.)
Ancora State Hospital
Winslow Sewage Co.
Lenox, Inc.
Hamilton Twp. Munic. Util. Authority
Zaberer's Restaurant
Atlantic City Race Track
Belcoville
National Aviation Facilities Experi-
mental Station
Buena Borough Munic. Util. Authority
(1) Fort Hancock (U. S. Army Installation) - Middletown Township - to provide secondary
treatment with discharge through ocean outfall to Atlantic Ocean.
(2) Isolated small plants not included in ground disposal systems are:
Pacemaker Corp. (Washington Township)
Monroe Township (Municipal Utilities Authority)
Monroe Township (American Mobile Home Park)
Detailed engineering studies to determine final pollution abatement system (tertiary
treatment, ground discharge, etc.)
-------
C. Assessment of Impact of Regional Systems on Water Quality
Criteria
The communities within the New Jersey Coastal Basin
have for many years discharged their wastewaters into numerous
streams and embayments resulting in the depressed water quality
existing in many of these inland waterways. In order to
achieve the goal of maximum restoration, enhancement and
protection of these coastal waters, it has been recommended,
where ground recharge is not applied, that these wastewaters
are to be treated at eighteen (18) regional treatment facilities
and subsequently discharged by means of sixteen (16) ocean
outfalls along the New Jersey coast.
The basic concept behind this course of action is that
ocean disposal of wastewater effluent is considered to be
more desirable than discharges into inland waterways or bays
because of the greater ability of the ocean to assimilate
the wastes. With the anticipated growth of population in
these areas and the related increase in flows, this consideration
of wastewater assimilative capacity takes an added significance.
During the summers of 1966, 1967 and 1968, the consulting
firm of Fellows, Read, and Weber, Inc., undertook an extensive
ocean current testing program under contract to the New Jersey
State Department of Health to evaluate pertinent aspects of
the ocean outfall alternative.
49
-------
All proposed regional outfalls will extend into the CW-2
waters to insure protection of contact recreation usage in
the CW-1 waters.
The outfalls and related diffusers will be submerged and
will thus well afford maximum dilutions of the discharged
effluent. The dilutions achieved may be classified due to
three physical mechanisms:
a. Initial jet mixing - dilution due to the turbulence
and resultant mixing action as the wastewater plume rises to
the surface above the diffuser. These projected dilutions
were computed for each of the proposed regional outfalls by
utilizing a digital computer model developed by Baumgartner
et al., (1970), to analyze submerged outfall discharges. The
pertinent outfall and diffuser designs, flow rates, etc.,
which were used in these analyses were provided by New Jersey
State Department of Environmental Protection and were largely
the result of extensive oceanographic studies carried out from
1966 through 1968 (Fellows, .Read and Weber, 1968). Assuming
quiescent (conservative) and non-stratified conditions, these
initial dilutions will range from 48: 1 to 202 : 1 for the
regional outfalls. "Past observation and experience indicate
that . . . waste water from secondary treatment plants will be
indistinguishable when diluted 50 : 1" (5). A summary of the
proposed regional outfall designs and projected dilutions are
included in Table 5 .
50
-------
b. Surface dispersion - dilution due to action of pre-
vailing surface currents and eddy currents on the sewage field
as it drifts away from the point of discharge. An extensive
evaluation of the general current patterns and available surface
dilutions along the entire Jersey Coast was performed under the
aforementioned oceanographic studies. Results of these tests
have also been tabulated in Table 5.
c. Bacterial die-off - beyond the obvious consideration
of plume visability, the remaining major item of consideration
is bacterial concentration within the nearshore waters
classified for contact recreation. These concentrations will
be reduced by means of the initial and surface dilutions and,
in addition, will be lessened by the natural bacterial die-off
resulting from salinity, sunlight, agglomeration and sedimentation
It is known that the time required for 90 percent of this
die-off normally ranges from 1 to 6 hours. ( 6 )
Through the evaluation of these three mechanisms, the
following conclusions concerning the coastal aesthetic and
usage impact of the proposed regional outfalls have been
reached :
a. The initial dilutions provided by the recommended
diffuser designs and discharge locations will be adequate to
produce an indiscernible surface plume under non-stratified
conditions. If stratification does occur, as is likely during
summer months, it is probable that the sewage plumes may
never reach the surface of the CW-2 receiving waters.
51
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TABLE NO. 5
Proposed Ocean Outfalls - New Jersey Coastal Area
Regional Treatment
Plant
Bayshore Outfall Authority
N. E. Monmouth Regional Sewerage Authority
Long Branch Sewerage Authority
Ocean Township Sewerage Authority
Asbury Park Subregion 3/
Neptune Twp. Subregion 3/
South Monmouth Regional Sewerage Authority
Manasquan River Subregion _3/
Metedeconk River Subregion
Island Beach Subregion
Central Subregion
Mill Creek - Southern Subregion
Atlantic Coastal Subregion
Ocean City Subregion
Stone Harbor - Sea Isle City Subregion
Wildwoods Subregion
Fort Hancock _3/
Notes:
Design
Aver.
23
15
8.1
2
10
6
51
Flow (MGD)
Max.
33
33
12.5
4
6
18
10
14
15
4
26
1
10
92
15
10
15
Outfall I/
Length(Ft)
4000
2500
1800
1800
1800
2100
2750
3500
3100
3100
2600
2600
13000
9000
5400
8100
Dif fuser
Length(Ft)
640
960
300
300
260
600
750
1000
300
2000
300
900
935
1000
600
800
Design
Type
Single
Single
Single
Single
Wye
Single
Single
Single
Single
Single
Single
Double
Wye
Single
Single
Single
Discharge
Depth (Ft)
34
30
35
32
27
34
35
50
35
40
22
of Wye 22
26
30
26
36
Individual Treatment Plant and Ocean Outfall
_!/ outfall length includes diffuser length
_2/ dilutions due to initial jet mixing from discharge part to surface; values listed are from digital
computer program (PLUME) developed by Baumgartner et al (1970) assuming non-stratified media.
3/ recommended outfall design specific were not submitted for review - standard practice outfall
design should produce acceptable results.
Initial
Dilution
73:1, 64:1
77:1, 60:1
90:1, 78:1
143:1, 100:1
45:1
202:1, 133:1
135:1
109:1
49:1
46:1
67:1, 50:1
61;
49:
73:1
-------
b. Assuming conservative total and fecal coliform con-
centrations (MPN) of 1000/100 ml and 200/100 ml in the
chlorinated secondary effluent, the wastewater at the immediate
point of discharge will not contravene the CW-2 bacterial
criteria. New Jersey currently requires, and would continue
to expect, lower fecal coliform values in sewage effluents.
However, if the bacterial die-off factor is not considered,
the treated effluent will require only a 4 : 1 dilution in
order to comply with the CW-1 criteria. The calculated
initial dilutions (from-program plume) and the observed
surface dilutions (from tracer studies) indicate that the
following range of dilutions can be expected for each of
these mechanisms:
Initial dilution (jet mixing) : 48:1 to 134:1
Surface dilution (dispersion) : 50:1 to 300:1
Thus, the minimum anticipated dilution of any single pro-
posed regional discharge along the Jersey Coast will be in the
order of 2400:1, when and if it ever reaches the nearshore
bathing areas (CW-1 waters). It is apparent that, even when
bacterial die-off is not considered a factor, the projected
physical dilutions alone will preclude any contravention
of water quality bacterial criteria in either the CW-1 or CW-2
waters of the Jersey Coastal Basin.
52
-------
The vast assimilative capacity of the ocean, at these
discharge points, will insure meeting other water quality
criteria (dissolved oxygen, etc.), as described in detail in
the following paragraphs.
2. Physical Effects
In addition to the consideration of bacterial and
aesthetic quality, the proposed regional outfalls will have
a less obvious and less significant impact on the following
physical parameters:
a. dissolved oxygen - coastal waters normally have a
dissolved oxygen concentration range of 4 to 14 mg/1 with the
lower values normally found in the deeper waters where
photosynthesis is limited. The bacterial and chemical
oxidation of organic materials in the effluent will undoubtedly
utilize the dissolved oxygen of the receiving waters. However,
the oxygen resources available will be more than sufficient
to handle this demand, although there may be a slight
dissolved oxygen (D.O.) depression at the immediate vicinity
of the diffuser due either to the relatively low D.O. of the
wastewater or due to the entrainment of low D.O. bottom waters.
b. Floatables floatables are significant in that their
accumulation on the surface and possible return to shore can
pose a health and nuisance problem. With proper operation of
the regional treatment facilities, however, the presence of
floatables will be negligible.
53
-------
c. Temperature - temperature effects are of interest
primarily in the immediate vicinity of the discharge, yet,
the heat capacity of the ocean is so large that for discharges
to open coastal waters, a single discharge will seldom have a
significant effect over an area of any size.
d. Transparency - coastal waters generally have extremely
variable transparency due to wind and wave action, seasonal
factors and runoff from land. With the anticipated dilutions
(Table 5), the plumes from the Jersey Coastal outfalls will,
in all likelihood, be indiscernible at the surface.
e. Sediment - in the Jersey Coastal region the natural
turbulence due to tides, wind and wave action, the prevailing
littoral draft patterns and the normally high oxidation rate
of effluent solids will preclude any significant sediment
buildup in the vicinity of the proposed outfalls.
3. Biological Effects
The biological effects of a submerged discharge on the
coastal environment are usually a function not only of the
relative concentrations of the wastewaters but also of the
constituents contained in the effluent itself. Some substances,
such as heavy metals or pesticides, may accumulate in the
biota or seidments; however, most wastewater constituents
are oxidized, degraded, or dissipated with time and/or dilution.
(Ludwig, 1970).
54
-------
Past investigations on the effects of ocean outfalls on
the marine environment (Ludwig, et al.) have indicated a
general pattern of productivity and related abundance and diversity
of organisms in the vicinity of these outfalls. In the
immediate vicinity of the outfall, inhibition of biological
populations is usually observed (see Fig. VII). At some
distance from the outfall, organism abundance may increase
greatly to levels significantly above the average for the area.
In this region the species diversity will also have increased,
although it will still be less than the area average. Finally,
at a greater distance from the outfall, the levels of both
diversity and abundance will return to the normal "background"
level. It is inferred that most wastewaters will have a toxic
or inhibitory effect in addition to their biostimulatory
characteristics. The toxicity of the wastewater is controlling
in the immediate vicinity of the outfall, but with the
reduction of toxicity by dilution, the biostimulatory effects
predominate permitting the increased organism abundance noted
above. The amount of potentially toxic substances from
industrial sources in regional sewage treatment systems will
be minimized, to the extent practicable by current technology,
by establishing pre-treatment requirements and limits for
industrial discharges.
55
-------
ZONE OF STUNTED GROWTH
MAXIMUM PRODUCTIVITY
ZONE OF TRANSITION
PRODUCTIVITY PATTERN IN AREA OF OCEAN OUTFALL
Figure VII
-------
Although relatively little work has been done to determine
the possible effects of outfall discharges on benthic fauna,
it can be concluded that this impact will result largely from
the nature of the toxicants (if any) in the wastewaters, the
degree of disinfection achieved, and the physical characteristics
of the actual discharge media affecting the sedimentation process
From the limited studies available, it has been shown that
benthic organisms in addition to phytoplankton and fish
exhibit the same common pattern in the variations of abundance
and species diversity with distance from the outfall as is
indicated in Figure VII .
In summary, overall productivity may remain constant, but
a shift in kinds and numbers of organisms may occur. A widely
diversified local population may succumb to a single dominant
species indiginous to the water quality in the immediate
vicinity of the outfall. This dominance of certain marine
species will, however, become less apparent as one moves into
concentric regions more distant from the discharge point.
The nutrient content of the wastewaters may stimulate
natural productivity of lower planktonic forms in the region
beyond the diffuser to the extent that these organisms may
sustain greater yields of fish and shellfish.
D. Industrial Hastes (Direct Dischargers) - Description
of Implementation Plans
Implementation plans for industrial wastes are presented in
Table 6 and in the following paragraphs.
56
-------
Name of Firn
MONMOUTH COUNTY
Brockway Glass
Nestle
TABLE NO. 6
Proposed Implementation Plant - Industrial Direct Dischargers
Proposed Effluent Requirements (1)
Phenol - 1 ppb in receiving stream
Oil & Grease - None that will produce a visible sheen
BOD - 20 Ibs/day
Oil & Grease - None that will produce a visible sheen
Phenol - 1 ppb in receiving stream
Temp. - Differential between 10 yards upstream and 10
yards downstream won't exceed 5°F max.
Proposed Implementation Dates
Preliminary Complete Compliance
Plans with Proposed Limits
12/15/72
12/15/72
12/15/73
3M, Minnesota, Mining & Manufacturing Co.
OCEAN COUNTY
Borden, Inc.
Fish Products
Jersey Central Power and Light
CAMDEN COUNTY
Mrs. Paul's Kitchen (Braddock Frosted
Foods, Inc.)
No change required over existing discharge
BOD - 11 Ibs/day* 12/15/72 12/15/73
TSS - 11 Ibs/day*
Oil & Grease - 1 Ib/day*
F. Coli - less than 20/100 ml
Oil & Grease - a maximum of 142 Ibs/day increase over intake
water from all discharges; None that will produce a visible
sheen
(See text) 12/15/72 (3) 7/1/75
No change over existing discharge
-------
Name of Firm
Tom's River Chemical
(See Discussion in text)
BURLINGTON COUNTY
Pacemaker
ATLANTIC COUNTY
Atlantic City Electric
Humble Oil (Terminal)
Lenox China
L. N. Renault & Sons (Universal
Scott Paper
CAPE MAY COUNTY
Atlantic City Electric Co.
Borden, Inc.
-2-
Proposed Effluent Requirements (1)
Discharge to Ocean
Average (except where indicated) for #3
TSS - 800 Ibs/day
BOD5 - 2000 Ibs/day
Cadmium - 1.0 Ibs/day
Chromium - 1.0 Ibs/day
Copper - 1.0 Ibs/day
Lead - 1.0 Ibs/day
Mercury - max. of 0.1 Ibs/day*
Zinc - 1.0 Ibs/day
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons - 300 Ibs/day
Nitrobenzene - max. 5 Ibs/day*
Discharge to Tom's River
No change over existing discharge
Temp. - 15°F net increase over surface water temp.*
No change over existing discharge
(See text)
Submit Oil Spill Prevention Plan
No change over existing discharge
Foods Corp.) BODs - 40 Ibs/day*
TSS - 50 Ibs/day*
No appreciable color differential in receiving stream
No change over existing discharge required
(See text)
TSS - 30 Ibs/day*
BOD5 - 30 Ibs/day*
Oil & Grease - 2 Ibs/day*; None that will produce a visible
sheen
Proposed Implementation Dates
Preliminary Complete Compliance
Plans with Proposed Limits
7/1/74
12/15/72 (3)
12/15/72
12/15/72
12/15/72 (3)
7/1/75
12/15/73
7/1/75
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Name of Firm
Haynie Products
Wildwood Clam Co.
-3-
Proposed Effluent Requirements (1)
Maximum discharge:
BOD5 - 75 Ibs/day*
TSS - 3 Ibs/day*
Oil & Grease - 1 lb/day*; None that will produce a
visible sheen
Phenols - 1 ppb in receiving stream
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons (2)
pH - 7.0 - 8.0
Eliminate discharge by inplant changes or by discharging
into a municipal treatment system
Proposed Implementation Dates
Preliminary Complete Compliance
Plans with Proposed Limits
12/15/72
12/15/72
Notes:
(1) Except where indicated proposed effluent requirements are average values.
(2) Company will sample to see if present; chlorinated hydrocarbons must not be present in the effluent
in toxic amounts.
*Maximum Discharge
(3) An environmental report has been submitted by Atlantic City Electric Company's Beesleys Point
Plant to the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Data has also been submitted
to the State by the other companies. The proposed preliminary plans (study) should encompass
all requested date (see text) not previously submitted to the State.
-------
In general, limitations are based upon the following, which
is consistent with water quality standards:
a. Biochemical Oxygen Demand - 95 percent removal or
15 mg/1 effluent for discharge to estuaries or tributary
streams; and 85 percent removal for discharge to the ocean.
b. Suspended Solids - in the order of 90 to 95 percent
removal - in a similar range to BOD removals.
c. Oil and Grease - 10 mg/1 as a maximum effluent
concentration, with no visible sheen evidenced.
It is understood that, in addition to proposed effluent
limits in Table 6 and discussed further in the text, levels
of other substances present in each discharge should not be
increased above current values.
Nestle & Co., Inc., Brockway Glass and Hagnie Products, Inc.
Proposed requirements, contained in Table 6 , for these
companies include a value of 1 ppb phenol in the receiving
stream. In each case, these companies discharge into a stream
classified as suitable for potable water supply. The dilution
capacity of the receiving streams may be limited and from a
technology viewpoint, reduction of phenols to trace levels may
not be economically feasible. Also, the receiving streams are
not currently used as sources of potable water supply and
may be unsuitable due to high salinity. Weighing these factors,
we would require, at minimum, that the company's waste treatment
technology and/or inplant process changes to reduce phenols
be "best practical treatment."
57
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Atlantic City Electric Co., Atlantic City
Atlantic City Electric Co., Beesley's Point
Jersey Central Power and Light, Lacey Township
For each of these plants (discharge to TW-1 coastal waters),
we propose the following implementation plan for liquid waste
discharges:
1. The pH shall not exceed a value of 8.5 nor have a value
below 6.5.
2. The total residual chlorine in the condenser cooling
water discharge and/or all other effluents, shall be limited to
combined residual chlorine.
3. Chlorine or hypochlorite may be added to the condenser
cooling water discharges or to any other discharge such that
either:
a. the discharge contains total residual chlorine at a
concentration not greater than 0.05 mg/1 for a time period not to
exceed 2 hours per day, or
b. the discharge contains total residual chlorine at a
concentration not greater than 0.1 mg/1 for a time period not to
exceed 30 minutes per day.
4. The following requirements relate to thermal discharges:
a. the thermal plume in the mixing zone shall not
impinge upon the bottom nor shall it impinge on the shoreline.
58
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b. the monthly mean of the maximum daily temperature
at the outer boundary of the mixing zone shall not exceed
1.5 (July - September) and 4 (October - June) Fahrenheit
Degrees above levels in effect prior to addition of any heat.
c. the maximum temperature at the outer boundary of
the mixing zone shall not exceed 85 Degrees Fahrenheit.
d. the rates of temperature change of the mixing zone
temperature shall not exceed 1 Fahrenheit Degree per hour,
and/or 7 Fahrenheit Degrees per day.
e. the thermal plume shall not block zones of fish
passage
f. the thermal plume shall not interfere with spawning
g. the rate of temperature change in the designated
mixing zones shall not cause mortality to the biota.
We propose that each company submit, by December 15, 1972:
a study of thermal discharge environmental decision
factors, including the effect of the existing discharge on
items a. through g. above, and a project proposal for remedial
action where required.
Requisite facilities should be completed by July 1, 1975.
Tom's River Chemical Co.
Tom's River Chemical Company is a large, complex, chamical
plant producing dyes, resins and pesticides. Their "process
59
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wastes" are discharged to the Atlantic Ocean via an outfall
extending 3500 feet from the shore. The final 1000 feet of
this pipe serves as a diffuser.
The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency - Enforcement
Division worked out an agreement in 1971 with Tom's River
Chemical whereby the company undertook a program to reduce their
mercury discharge to a maximum of .1 Ib/day. On February 22,
1972, the Enforcement Division (EPA) met with Tom's River
Chemical concerning other pollutants in their discharge, with
the aim of obtaining voluntary compliance in limiting
contaminants. In addition, recognizing the complexity of the
problem, EPA Enforcement Division experts visited the Tom's
River Plant to obtain a first hand view of the situation,
including waste sources, existing waste treatment and inplant
pollution abatement procedures, and company programs to
identify and eliminate pollutants.
The effluent requirements presented in Table 6 represent
values that EPA experts propose as desirable limits. These
limits are proposed specifically for the Tom's River situation,
after an evaluation of the discharge waterbody, and an
assessment of waste sources and the "state of the art" in
terms of feasible treatment techniques and in-plant pollution
abatement changes.
Since a good portion of the pollution abatement work must
60
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be accomplished through in-plant changes, the Tom's River
Chemical Company has undertaken a program of in-plant waste
source identification and studies to evaluate remedial measures
for reduction of specific contaminants from particular product
operations. The complexity of the problem is evidenced by the
fact that the plant produces many different products, and at
varying times.
The company will report periodically to EPA on the
progress of their pollution abatement efforts, and submit
proposals for remedial action, to be reviewed by EPA. Abatement
actions should be reviewed with the New Jersey Department .of
Environmental Protection. We propose that the task of installing
pollution abatement facilities be completed by July 1, 1974.
For cooling water discharges to Tom's River, we propose
that they be limited to their existing temperature rise, as
data submitted to EPA shows that the effect on stream temperature
does not exceed levels delineated in the appropriate water
quality criteria.
E. Assessment of Impact of Industrial Hastes on Hater
Quality Criteria
Industrial waste discharges do not present a major
pollution problem in the New Jersey Coastal Basin due to the
relative scarcity of industries and the recreational and
resort nature of the region.
61
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A total of eighteen (18) industries within the Basin have
filed under the Refuse Act Permit Program and are presently
discharging treated or untreated wastewaters and/or cooling
water into the New Jersey Coastal area.
All industries discharging BOD have been assigned the require-
ment to implement the construction of treatment facilities
which will provide 95% removal of biochemical oxygen demand
(BOD) for discharges to estuaries or tributary streams and,
which represent a high level of treatment within the limits
of present technology. It is anticipated that these levels of
treatment will provide compliance by all industries with applicable
water quality standards. However, further field studies and
water quality management models are being utilized to confirm
that water quality criteria will be met. If these studies
indicate that a higher degree of treatment is essential to
maintain applicable water quality criteria, such information
will be presented at the conference, including revised treat-
ment requirements.
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TABLE NO. 7
Recommended Implementation Schedules - Regional Treatment Facility and Service Area Point Sources
Ocean
Submission
of Final Plans
Aug. 1972
Regional Facility
Atlantic Highlands -
Highlands Regional
Sewerage Authority
Middletown Twp.
Regional Sewerage
Authority
Bayshore Regional Sewerage
Authority
N.E. Monmough Regional
Sewerage Authority
Long Branch Sewerage Authority July 1972
Ocean Twp. Sewerage State has plans
Authority
Asbury Park Subregion
Neptune Twp. Subregion
South Monmouth Regional
Sewerage Authority
Manasquan River Subregion Jan. 1974
Island Beach Subregion
Dec. 1, 1973
Begin
Construction
Dec. 1972
Jan. 1973
Sept. 1972
June 1, 1973
Complete
Constr.
Dec. 1973
Dec. 1973
July 1974
May 1973
Sept. 1,1973
July 1974
Jan. 1974
Jan. 1974
Jan. 1, 1973
Sept.
Jan.
July
July
July
1, 1974
1975
1974
1974
I, 1973
June 1, 1975
Jan. 1976
Jan. 1977
July 1975
April 1, 197i
Dec. 1, 1976
Remarks
Bayshore Outfall Authority under
construction
Plant in operation - connection of
all point sources to system by
June, 1972.
Plant under construction
Places in operation in Spring 1971
Regional facility completed in
Sept. 1968. Schedule given is for
the Borough of New Deal which is
remaining community required to
tie in.
No authority formed to date
No authority formed to date
Authority formed
No authority formed to date
designated the Northern Service
Area.
This subregion has been recently
included in the newly designated
Central Service Area.
Central (Basin Subregion) Dec. 1, 1973
June 1, 1973
Dec. 1, 1976 Same as above
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-2-
County
Atlantic
Cape May
Ground Discharge
Plants
Regional Facility
Southern Subregion
Atlantic Coastal
Subregion
Ocean City Subregion
Stone Harbor-Sea Isle
City Subregion
Wildwoods Subregion
Egg Harbor City
Town of Hammonton
Winslow Twp. (Ancora)
Hamilton Twp. (Mays
Submission
of Final Plans
May 1
Sept.
July
July
July
March
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
, 1973
1973
1, 1974
1, 1974
1, 1974
1973
1, 1974
1, 1974
1, 1974
Begin
Construction
Nov.
March
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Sept.
July
July
July
1, 1973
1973
1, 1975
1, 1975
1, 1975
1973
1, 1974
1, 1974
1, 1974
Complete
Constr .
April
March
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Sept.
July
July
July
1976
1975
1, 1976
1, 1976
1, 1976
1974
1, 1975
1, 1975
1, 1975
Remarks
No authority formed to date
No authority formed to date
No authority formed to date
Landing)
Buena Borough
Jan. 1, 1974
July 1, 1974
July 1, 1975
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SECTION VII
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
A. General
We have delineated in the previous section of this report
the nature of the pollution problem, the sources of pollution,
the existing Water Quality Standards, and proposed engineering
systems to accomplish pollution control for the designated
study area and thus insure meeting established water quality
criteria. In the following paragraphs we propose implementation
schedules for development and construction of requisite
domestic sewage pollution abatement and disposal facilities,
which we feel are feasible, reasonable and achievable. In
addition, we propose guidelines for pre-treatment of industrial
wastes in municipal systems, a factor essential to any effective
pollution control program.
It must be realized that, to achieve desirable water quality
levels and to insure that a particular area can maintain
certain activities (recreation, shellfish, etc.), liquid waste
treatment must be intergrated into a comprehensive water quality
management and environmental plan for an area, including air
pollution considerations, sludge handling considerations,
zoning, etc.
The National Estuarine Study proposes guidelines for main-
taining the designated usage of estuarine areas. This study is
quite relevent considering the fact that the Jersey Coastal Area
is essentially estuarine in character. Bearing this fact in mind,
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we have in the following paragraphs, proposed additional
recommendations which we feel are desirable and crucial to
insure and protect the water quality and environmental quality
of the New Jersey Atlantic Coastal Area.
B. Domestic Sewage Discharges
The regional systems under development to accommodate
domestic wastes from the study area have been reviewed, in
terms of implementation schedules, by EPA and New Jersey
Department of Environmental Protection pollution control
experts.
Table? presents implementation dates for engineering,
construction and completion of requisite pollution abatement
facilities, which we feel are feasible and realistic. As such,
we propose that these implementation schedules be included
Rlnto a revised Water Quality Standards Implementation Plan
and thus become federally enforceable dates for abatement of
pol1ution.
We have assigned these dates assuming that the particular
point source discharger proceeds in a direct and expeditious
fashion toward pollution control. In other words, we feel that
if a bona fide effort is undertaken, these dates will be
achievable. Probably, the most important assumption we have
made in assigning implementation dates is that federal and state
governments will provide a reasonable share of project funding,
at the time that it is required. Perhaps an equally important
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assumption is that satisfying the requirement of and possible
actions under (litigation, etc.) the National Environmental
Policy Act (environmental impact of proposed construction)
do not result in delays in initiating construction.
It is worth noting that federal and state construction
grant funds and appropriations lose a portion of their
effectiveness as delays in development and construction of
pollution abatement facilities occur. For example, bond
issues of many states floated a few years ago are inadequate,
in many cases, for many pollution control needs due to the
rapid inflation of construction costs. This shrinking of the
effectiveness of state and federal funds due to delays in
implementation of pollution abatement plans and construction
of requisite facilities is a fiscal reality that cannot be
over emphasized. Delays in implementation of pollution
control plans, from a funding viewpoint, cannot be tolerated.
C. Industrial Wastes (Direct Discharges)
As delineated in previous sections of the report, industrial
wastes do not comprise a major factor in the pollutional
situation of the Atlantic coastal area, although, to effectively
complete pollution control, they must be delt with. Of the 18
industries having direct discharges in the study area, Tl .are
considered to require reduction of contaminant loads, and as
such, treatment requirements (loadings and implementation
schedules) were established. These requirements and implement-
ation schedules are indicated in Section VI. We recommend
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their inclusion into the revised Water Qua!ity Standard,
with requirements for pollution abatement given on a specific,
individual basis.
D. Industrial Hastes in Municipal Systems
In general, the consideration of industrial wastes in
municipal systems, as related to the overall pollution of the
Jersey Coastal Area, is not an important one. Although, as is
consistent with reasonable planning and good engineering
practice, it should not be overlooked.
Each regional system should have as requirements a body of
by-laws or regulations governing sewer use, establishing which
materials and in what quantities and concentrations are
acceptable for discharge to a sewer, and subsequently to a
treatment plant. The regulations should protect the sewer
system, the operation of the treatment plant, and also insure
that undesirable materials do not pass through the plant
without treatment or gain access to the environment via sludge
handling procedures. The State of New Jersey has pending
legislation which will empower the Department of Environmental
Protection to set pre-treatment requirements for discharges
to municipal sewer systems.
To accomplish these objectives, we propose the following
heavy metals (plating wastes) limitations on discharges entering
regional collection sewers:
66
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Allowage (24 hr. average)
Contaminant Concentration
(mg/D
Total Chromium 0.5
Copper i.o
Cadmium 1.0
Zinc 2.0
Nickel 2.0
Cyanide 0.1
These effluent levels are intended to be applied to a
typical "process waste", undiluted by cooling water. These
levels reflect values that are achievable by conventional
plating waste treatment techniques (chrome reduction, heavy
metals precipitation, cyanide destruction, etc.). A survey
of plating waste treatment technology by the EPA Industrial
Waste Technology Branch, NERC. Edison, New Jersey served as
a basis for proposing these levels. These values reflect
"maximum baseline levels." Where significant loadings of a
particular contaminant would result, even applying these
effluent criteria, it is proposed that a higher degree of
reduction either via higher treatment efficiencies or in-plant
process modifications be required.
Discharges of other toxic and hazardous materials not treat'
able by bio-oxidation (including arsenic, barium, lead, and
mercury) should be accepted in the sewer system only after
undergoing "best practical treatment (pretreatment)" at the
source.
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E. Sludge Handling - Environmental Considerations
Modern waste treatment systems require total management
of the sludge handling phase. Treatment and ultimate
disposal of the sludge must result in the least detrimental
impact upon the environment. The management alternative
chosen must not create an air pollution problem, contravene
surface or ground water quality standards or result in damage
to the soil structure.
The discharge of industrial wastes into the regional
systems must be carefully regulated. This must be done to
protect the treatment process and to prevent the concentration
of toxic materials or heavy metals in the sludge. Effective
industrial waste ordinances must be enforced. Elimination of
the toxic materials or heavy metals from the sludge is necessary
to prevent eventual discharge to the atmosphere through
incineration, accumulation in the soil structure and possible
contamination of surface or ground waters through land disposal
or discharge to the marine environment through ocean disposal.
Where feasible, conservation of resources dictates the
recycling of the sludge to the soil for reclamation on marginal
lands or upgrading of other land areas. Sufficient land must
be available to permit the use of this technique.
68
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Demonstration projects for recycling of sludge should be
initiated at the earliest possible date in the proposed
disposal areas. This is needed to establish application rates,
techniques for transport and distribution, and to evaluate
the effects upon surface and ground water quality, vegetation
and soil structure. A demonstration project is currently
underway in Ocean County.
When recycling of the sludge is not a feasible alternative,
it is necessary to consider the use of one of the several
combustion or oxidation techniques. However, the installation
must not create an air pollution problem. This can be avoided
by proper design of the facility to ensure adequate combustion
temperatures and retention times, use of efficient air pollution
control devices, and effective operation and maintenance. An
EPA Task Force has recently completed its work and the resulting
report covers these considerations in detail. The selection of
this alternative must be supported by a detailed economic
analysis to clearly indicate the total annual cost of the
facility. Sufficient money must be included in the annual
operating budget of the operating agency to provide for the
most efficient operation of the complete sludge system.
Interim EPA policy regulating the Federal construction
grants program states that no grant is to be made if the sludge
is to be discharged to the ocean. This policy applies to new
69
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waste treatment plants and, in general, to expansion of existing
plants. These projects can be approved only on the basis of
other acceptable sludge management practices such as recycling
or incineration. However, installations located in the New York
New Jersey metropolitan area generally have one of two alternatives
available for management of their sludge. The available
alternatives are incineration or ocean disposal of sludge.
Prohibition of ocean disposal of sludge would force all of
these plants to use one of the available combustion techniques.
The commitment of resources required for these combustion
methods would be enormous. The cumulative impact of many
large facilities upon air quality may be a greater environmental
hazard than the effects of controlled ocean disposal of the
sludge. Incineration, after a substantial investiment by
all levels of government, might prove to be the least desirable
long-term solution for sludge management. Additional and
unnecessary combustion should be avoided because of the need
to meet the air quality standards for the area.
Therefore, the Environmental Protection Agency is considering
a revision in the ocean disposal policy for waste treatment
facilities in the New York - New Jersey Metropolitan area:
1. Approval of continued ocean disposal of sludge provided
(a) Sludge is adequately treated
(b) Industrial waste ordinances regulate the discharge
of heavy metals or other toxic materials into the system. This
is to be accomplished in compliance with EPA or State require-
ments .
70
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(c) Ocean dumping from the New York - New Jersey
metropolitan area is to be abandoned when a more effective
environmental alternative is available. This alternative
is to become available through the efforts and requirements of
EPA, the States and regional authorities.
2. EPA is to embark upon a program to assess the impact of
non-toxic municipal sludge dumping in new open sea areas. This
effort is to mesh with existing on-going studies of the marine
environment.
3. EPA would support the formation and operation of a
regional (intra or interstate) solid waste disposal authority.
This authority is to develop acceptable long-term alternatives
for the management of the sludge problem. The authority would
implement the most effective alternative to permit eventual
abandonment of ocean disposal.
F. Other Environmental Considerations
In addition to the previous recommendations, a number of
supplementary considerations are important and deserve
mention. For, to achieve desired environmental results in the
Jersey coastal area, requires implementation of comprehensive
programs in many fields and disciplines. This attitude was
expressed in the policy recommended by the National Estuarine
Pollution Study which proposed: "Achievement of the best use of
the values of the estuarine and coastal zones through a balance
between: (a) multi-purpose development; (b) conservation; and
(c) preservation over both the short and long range. Priority
71
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consideration should be given to those resources that are
non-renewable and to maintaining those resources and uses which
are estuarine-dependent. It shall also recognize that the
primary responsibility for management of the estuarine and
coastal zones rests with the States."
In terms of liquid wastes, pollution from sub-surface dis-
posal systems and possibly storm run-off from developed
(urbanized) areas may present itself as an important factor
after adequate pollution control for point source domestic
sewage discharges is implemented. Close scrutiny of industrial
and municipal discharges to the ground must also be maintained.
Nitrogen and phosphate removal may be required to protect
ground water quality. In this regard, sewage treatment
facilities discharging to the ground should have adequate
space for additional process units to accomplish nitrogan and
phosphate removal, if deemed necessary at some future date.
In terms of state policy, current requirements for sub-
surface disposal systems in low lying coastsl area and other
policies promoting development of sewage systems in areas
where existing sub-surface disposal is utilized are in line
with recommendations of the National Estuarine Study for pro-
tecting the environment. Another notable state action to
protect the estuarine environment in the Atlantic Coastal Area
is the Wetlands Act, which sets forth guidelines and regulations
for development in sensitive marsh lands, wetlands, etc.
72
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In addition to direct actions that can be taken by the
state to protect and enhance the qullity of the Atlantic coastal
area, comprehensive federal and interstate action is of great
importance, as in the case of oil spills from tankers, and in
sludge dumping, which was discussed previously. Protection
of the environment requires a coordinated effort at all levels
of government, and also support from business and industry,
citizens groups and each one of us.
G. Monitoring
After completion of construction and start-up of requisite
pollution control facilities, as defined previously in this
report, a network of surveillance and monitoring is essential
to: first, insure that the treatment facilities operate up to
their capability; and secondly, to evaluate the receiving water
bodies to ascertain and profile their acceptability for their
designated water usage. A planned, and possibly computerized
information center, which could receive all monitoring results
might be desirable. In this way, data on hazardous or
unacceptable conditions and trends could be swiftly identified
for remedial action.
The necessity of monitoring is entirely consistent with
State and EPA policy. For example, EPA final construction
grant payments are given only after monitoring data of a
particular plant indicates an acceptable level or performance.
73
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References
1. Stein, Murray, Enforcement in Hater Pollution Control -
Federal Viewpoint, Journal Water Pollution Control
Federation, Feb. 1971.
2. Report on the Immediate Hater Pollution Control Needs for the
Interstate and Intrastate Waters of the New Jersey Coastal
Region, FWPCA, Metuchen, New Jersey, June 1967.
3. Report on Pollution of the Navigable Waters of Eastern New
Jersey Shark River to Cape May, FWPCA, Northeast Region,
Metuchen, New Jersey, Sept. 1967.
4. Proceedings - Conference Pollution of the Navigable Waters
of Eastern New Jersey Shark River to Cape May, FWPCA,
Atlantic City, New Jersey, Nov. 1, 1967.
5. Fellows Read and Weber, Ocean Current Testing Program Along
the Atlantic Coastal Region of New Jersey, Tom's River, N. J.,
1966 - 68.
6. Ludwig, H. F. and Storrs, P. N., 1970, Effects of Waste
Disposal into Marine Waters. A Survey of Studies Carried
Out in the Last Ten Years: Water Research, Vol 4, no. 11,
p. 409 420.
7. U. S. Dept. of the Interior, The National Estuarine Pollution
Study, Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office,
1970.
8. U. S. Corps of Engineers, National Shoreline Study - North
Atlantic Region, Vol. 1, New York, New York, 1971.
9. McHarg, Ian L., Design With Nature: The American Museum of
Natural History, Natural History Press, Garden City, New York
1969.
10. Bumpies, Dean F. and Louis M. Lauzier, Surface Circulation on
the Continental Shelf. Serial Atlas of the Marine Environment,
Folio 7, American Geographical Society, 1965.
11. Bumpies, Dean F., Terminology and Oceanography. Supplement
to Volume 10, 1965.
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APPENDIX A
EXISTING WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
NEW JERSEY ATLANTIC COASTAL AREA
1. Anti-Degradation Statement
2. Surface Water Classifications
3. Water Quality Criteria
4. Implementation Plan
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ANTI-DEGRADATION STATEMENT
-------
NEW JERSEY
It is the primary objective of the Water Pollution Control Program
in New Jersey to protect and enhance the quality of all surface waters
of the State including those classified as FW-1 which are to be retained
for posterity in their natural state and which shall not be subject to
any man-made wastewater discharges. The objective of protecting and
upgrading our waterways will take precedence over allowable minimal
quality limits for surface waters established through promulgation of
rules and regulations.
In all situations where there may be an impingement of a lesser
quality water upon that of a higher quality, it is the objective of
the New Jersey program to upgrade the lesser quality water in order to
protect or improve adjacent waters having a more critical use. It is
anticipated that the surface water classification and the standards of
quality for New Jersey waters will be subject to continual review and
revision to achieve our basic objectives.
The overriding consideration, however, regardless of the estab-
lishment of water quality levels is that of wastewater treatment
requirements. The minimum degree of wastewater treatment now being
permitted in the State of New Jersey is that commonly identified as
secondary treatment. In New Jersey this means treatment necessary to
provide as an absolute minimum 80% reduction of biochemical oxygen
demand and a maximum permissible biochemical oxygen demand concentration
of 50 parts per million. In most areas in New Jersey, this standard
is raised to require biochemical oxygen demand reduction of 85% and 90%
with appropriate maximum permissible biochemical oxygen demand concen-
trations . At many inland locations where only small tributaries to
streams are available, the policy in New Jersey is either to prohibit
the discharge of any effluent to surface waters or to require so-called
tertiary treatment which is the reduction of biochemical oxygen demand
of 95% as a minimum with a maximum concentration of 15 parts per
million. It has been and is presently the policy of the Department
that wastewaters prior to discharge into any fresh water streams in
the State must receive as a minimum at least 90% treatment.
-------
ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN
CLASSIFICATION OF SURFACE WATERS
-------
REGULATIONS CONCERNING CLASSIFICATION OF THE SURFACE
WATERS OF THE ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN
WHEREAS, the State Department of Health of the State of New Jersey did
promulgate "Regulations Establishing Certain Classifications
to be Assigned to the Waters of this State and Standards of
Quality to be Maintained in Waters so Qualified," effective
September 1, 1964, and amended the said Regulations on January
5, 1966 and March 6, 1967, and
WHEREAS, in public hearings conducted by the State Department of Health
on March 15, 22 and 29, 1967, classifications of the surface
waters of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, as proposed by the State
Department of Health, were presented to the general public,
and
WHEREAS, the State Department of Health has given careful and thorough
consideration to all statements submitted at said hearings,
as well as statements and briefs submitted thereafter, relating
to the proposed Classifications of the Surface Waters of the
Atlantic Coastal Plain,
NOW, THEREFORE, the State Department of Health promulgates the following
regulations entitled "Classification of the Surface Waters of
the Atlantic Coastal Plain."
NEW JERSEY STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Roscoe P. Kandle, M.D.
State Commissioner of Health
Filed with Secretary of State: April 27, 1967
Effective Date: May 24, 1967
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CLASSIFICATION OF THE SURFACE WATERS OF THE ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN
Pursuant to authority vested in it under the provisions of Chapter
12, Title 58 of the Revised Statutes, the State Department of Health
hereby promulgates the following classifications of the surface waters
of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Standards of Quality to be maintained
in these waters as established by the State Department of Health are
attached hereto.
I. Class FW-1
Waters having the potential for this Class but which are not
classified as such at this time may be recommended for such classifi-
cation by public or private interests controlling the land area
draining to the watercourse. Because of the restrictive-use nature of
the FW-1 classification any waters thus designated must be contiguous
with their source. Also, since the characteristics of surface waters
are sometimes changed to the detriment of their natural biota by
seemingly minor associations with domestic and/or agricultural activ-
ities, they must be inspected and approved before being classified.
Requests for consideration in the classification of FW-1 waters should
be directed to:
New Jersey State Department of Health
P.O. Box 1540
Trenton, New Jersey 08625
A. FW-1 Manasquan River Drainage
Allaire State Park 1. That portion of the second southerly
tributary of the Manasquan River
west of Hospital Road situated wholly
within the Allaire State Park
boundaries.
2. The easterly tributary of the brook
feeding Brisbane Lake located wholly
within the Allaire State Park
boundaries downstream to its con-
fluence with the westerly tributary.
B. FW-1 Cedar Creek Drainage
Greenwood Forest 1. Webbs Mill Branch and tributaries
Fish & Game Tract situated wholly within the Greenwood
Forest boundaries.
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- 2 -
2. Chamberlain's Branch and tributaries
situated wholly within the Greenwood
Forest boundaries upstream from the
blueberry farm exception, also other
tributaries to Chamberlain's Branch
situated wholly within the Greenwood
Forest Tract boundaries.
FW-1 Wading River Drainage
1. Westerly tributary to the Howardsville
Cranberry Bog Reservoir and tributaries
thereto situated wholly within the
Greenwood Forest Tract boundaries.
C. FW-1 Barnegat Bay Drainage
Island Beach State 1. All the fresh water ponds on Island
Park Beach State Park.
D. FW-1 Manahawkin Creek Drainage
1. Tommy's Branch from its headwaters
downstream to the Bass River State
Forest Recreation Area service road.
2. Falkenburg Branch of Lake Absegami
from its headwaters downstream to
the lake.
E. FW-1 Mullica River Drainage
Wharton Tract 1. Deep Run and tributaries thereto
from its headwaters downstream to
Springer's Brook.
2. Skit Branch from its headwaters
downstream to its confluence with
Robert's Branch.
3. Tulpehocken Creek and tributaries
thereto from its origin downstream
to its confluence with Featherbed
Branch.
4. The westerly tributaries to Tulpehocken
Creek and those natural ponds within
the lands bounded by Hawkins Road,
Hampton Gate Road, and Sandy Ridge Road
5. Stream in the southeasterly corner
of the Wharton Tract lying between
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- 3 -
Ridge Road and Seaf Weeks Road down
to the Wharton Tract boundary.
6. Brook and tributaries between and
immediately to the west of Tylertown
and Crowleytown from its headwaters
downstream to the head of tide at
mean high water.
7. The easterly branches of the Batsto
River from Batsto Village upstream
to the confluence of Skits Branch.
8. Gun Branch from its headwaters
downstream to U. S. Route 206.
NOTE: All boundaries referred to as
they existed December 1966.
F. FW-1 Great Egg Harbor River Drainage
Tuckahoe Public 1. Hawkin's Creek and the next adjacent
Hunting and Fishing tributary to the Great Egg Harbor
Grounds River lying to the north from their
origin downstream to where the
influence of impounding occurs.
II. Class FW-2
A. Cranberry Brook and tributaries thereto upstream from the
intake of the Monmouth Consolidated Water Company near the New York -
Long Branch Railroad Crossing.
B. Shark River and tributaries thereto upstream from Remson's
Mill Road.
C. Jumping Brook and tributaries thereto above intake of
Monmouth Consolidated Water Company near Old Corlies Avenue.
D. Main stem of Manasquan River and tributaries thereto
upstream from Garden State Parkway.
E. All fresh waters of the Plain, from Manasquan River to
and including the Mullica River, upstream from the head of tide.
F. Absecon Creek and tributaries thereto upstream from
Atlantic City Reservoir Dam in the City of Absecon.
G. Patcong Creek and tributaries thereto upstream from
Patcong Lake Dam.
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III. Class FW-3
A. Lake Takanassee
B. Poplar Brook
Deal Lake and tributaries thereto
Sunset Lake and tributaries thereto
Lake Wesley and tributaries thereto
Fletcher Lake and tributaries thereto
Sylvan Lake and tributaries thereto
C. Shark River and tributaries thereto downstream from
Renson's Mill Road to head of tide.
D. Jumping Brook and tributaries thereto downstream from
Old Corlies Avenue to head of tide.
E. Silver Lake and tributaries thereto
Lake Como and tributaries thereto
Spring Lake and tributaries thereto
Wreck Pond and tributaries thereto
F. Fresh water reaches of main stem of Manasquan River and
tributaries downstream from Garden State Parkway.
G. Absecon Creek and tributaries thereto downstream from
above dam to head of tide.
H. Patcong Creek and tributaries thereto downstream from
Patcong Lake dam to head of tide.
J. All other fresh waters of the Plain not delineated
upstream from head of tide.
IV. Class TW-1
A. All tidal waters of Shark River and tributaries thereto
from head of tide to surf waters.
B. All tidal waters of Jumping Brook and tributaries thereto
downstream from head of tide to Shark River and to surf waters.
C. Tidal waters of main stem of Manasquan River and of
tributaries thereto downstream from near the Garden State Parkway to
surf waters.
D. All other tidal waters of the Plain downstream from the
head of tide to surf waters.
V- Class CW-1
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- 5 -
Ocean waters within 1,500 feet from mean low tide to a depth
of 15 feet, whichever is more distant from the mean low tide line, from
Sandy Hook to Cape May Point.
VI. Class CW-2
Ocean waters of the Plain not included under Class CW-1 out
to the "three mile limit."
Filed with the Secretary of State: April 27, 1967
Effective Date: May 24, 1967
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SECTION VI
ATLANTIC COASTAL BASIN
INTERSTATE WATERS
1. Atlantic Ocean
2. Barnegat Bay and interconnecting thorofares
3. Manahawkin Bay and interconnecting thorofares
4. Little Egg Harbor Bay and interconnecting thorofares
5. Great Bay and interconnecting thorofares
6. Little Bay and interconnecting thorofares
7. Grassy Bay and interconnecting thorofares
8. Reeds Bay and interconnecting thorofares
9. Absecon Bay and interconnecting thorofares
10. Lakes Bay and interconnecting thorofares
11. Sculls Bay and interconnecting thorofares
12. Great Egg Harbor Bay and interconnecting thorofares
13. Pecks Bay and interconnecting thorofares
14. Corsons Sound and interconnecting thorofares
15. Ludlams Bay and interconnecting thorofares
16. Townsend's Sound and interconnecting thorofares
17. Stites Sound and interconnecting thorofares
18. Great Sound and interconnecting thorofares
19. Jenkins Sound and interconnecting thorofares
20. Grassy Sound and interconnecting thorofares
21. Richardson Sound and interconnecting thorofares
22. Jarvis Sound and interconnecting thorofares
23. Cape May Harbor and interconnecting thorofares
24. Shark River and tributaries to head of tide
25. Manasquan River and tributaries to head of tide
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26. Metedeconk River and tributaries to head of tide
27. Toms River and tributaries to head of tide (at Route 9)
28. Cedar Creek and tributaries to head of tide
29. Forked River and tributaries to head of tide
30. Oyster Creek and tributaries to head of tide
31. Mill Creek and tributaries to head of tide
32. Westecunk Creek and tributaries to head of tide
33. Tuckerton Creek and tributaries to head of tide
34. Mullica River and tributaries to head of tide
35. Great Egg Harbor River and tributaries to head of tide
i
36. Tuckahoe River and tributaries to head of tide
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WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
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RULES AND REGULATIONS
ESTABLISHING SURFACE WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
June 30, 1971
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
Richard J. Sullivan, Commissioner
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STATE OF NEW JERSEY
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
Office of the Commissioner
FOREWORD
On the following pages surface water quality criteria are set forth
which have been adopted "by the New Jersey Department of Environmental
Protection.
These criteria are definitions of acceptable water quality for the
various categories of surface waters in our state. They are not
intended to be enforcement standards in their own right. They represent
water quality objectives hopefully to be met through a rigorous
enforcement program.
The entry of wastes into a stream cannot be permitted if it will cause
the quality of the stream to fail to meet the criteria. For waterways
that are already polluted all waste treatment effluents and other
sources of pollution must be upgraded or eliminated to permit the
restoration of quality as defined by the criteria. In all such cases
standards are imposed upon the effluent in the form of existing treatment
regulations, administrative orders, or where necessary, orders of the
court.
Similar control over effluent quality will be imposed as a condition of
obtaining the required State permit for the construction of any new
industrial or community waste treatment facilities. Such facilities
should have incorporated in them pollution control in keeping with the
currently accepted state of the art. Only by stringent regulation of
effluent quality will we have any chance whatever of causing our waterways
to meet these quality criteria.
Richard J. Sullivan
Commissioner
Approved:
Filed With Secretary of State: 30 June 1971
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INTRODUCTION
The water resources management concept is vital to an effective water pollution
control program. The waters of this State are priceless natural resources
which must be properly managed if they are to be retained useable for their
best purposes.
The basis for such an effort includes establishing a system of defining the
best uses for all surface waters including not only the present but also
possible future uses and recognizing the possibility of a variety of compatible
uses. This then permits the development of quality values or parameters for
such best uses. These two measures are incorporated in the regulations.
The general ranking of uses to be protected for all of New Jersey's fresh,
tidal and coastal waters include but are not necessarily limited to the
following:
(1) Fresh Surface Waters
(a) Those set aside for posterity to represent the natural
aquatic environment and its associated biota.
(b) Public water supply.
(c) Recreation.
(d) Maintenance, migration and propagation of natural and
established biota.
(e) Industrial water supply.
(f) Agricultural water supply.
(g) Navigation.
(2) Tidal Waters
(a) Shellfish harvesting.
(b) Public water supply.
(c) Recreation.
(d) Maintenance, migration and propagation of the natural
and established biota.
(e) Fish passage and survival.
(f) Industrial water supply.
(g) Agricultural water supply.
(h) Navigation.
(3) Coastal Waters
(a) Recreation.
(b) Maintenance, migration and propagation of the natural
and established biota.
In the Water Quality Act of 1965, the U. S. Congress authorized the estab-
lishment of water quality standards for interstate (including coastal) waters.
The purpose of these standards is the protection and enhancement of the
quality and productivity of the nation's interstate waters to serve a variety
of beneficial uses. This Act, which amended the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act, requires that the States establish standards for their interstate
waters subject to review and approval by the Secretary of the Interior. The
responsibility for this and other water pollution control functions has since
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been transferred from the Secretary of the Interior to the Administrator of
the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency.
The standards serve as both State and Federal standards which are enforceable
under the State water pollution control statutes and the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act, as amended (Section 10).
These water quality standards actually consist of the following three major
components:
(a) A statement of policy on the protection and enhancement of water
resources including numerical values and narrative descriptions
of water quality parameters for specific x^ater uses.
(b) Classification of surface waters designating specific best uses.
(c) A plan of implementation and enforcement including treatment and
control requirements for all wastewaters discharged into or
affecting surface waters.
The State Department of Health, the agency previously responsible for water
pollution control, adopted regulations effective September 1, 1964 establishing
numerical values and narrative descriptions of water quality parameters for
specific water uses. It is these September 1, 1964 regulations that are to
be amended and updated and will hereinafter be referred to in this document
as "Surface Water Quality Criteria." The other two components of New Jersey's
water quality standards (b and c above) will, if necessary, be amended in the
future and submitted to the Administrator of the U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency for approval.
In addition to the adoption of Surface Water Quality Criteria, the Department
has classified New Jersey's waters, interstate and intrastate, as to their
best intended uses. The water quality standards were submitted to the
Department of Interior on June 27, 1967 for Federal approval in accordance
with the statutory timetable. Subsequently, certain revisions were made in
the original submission. The Secretary of the Interior on March 13, 1968
approved the standards-with certain exceptions.
The exceptions contained in the Secretary's approval have been accommodated
in these criteria. The criteria also reflect considerable reliance upon the
findings and recommendations in the "Report of the Committee on Water Quality
Criteria" published April 1, 1968 by the Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration.
The Surface Water Quality Criteria also reflect the efforts and opinions of
members of the State Interdepartmental Committee on Surface Water Pollution
Abatement. Representation on this Committee includes the Division of
Water Resources, Division of Fish, Game and Shellfisheries, Division of
Parks and Forests, all within the Department of Environmental Protection,
the Division of Rural Resources of the Department of Agriculture, the
Division of State and Regional Planning of the Department of Community
Affairs, and the Division of Economic Development of the Department of Labor
and Industry.
The amended Surface Water Quality Criteria consists of the following:
(a) Statement of policy on the protection and enhancement, of water
resources.
ii
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(b) Glossary of terms.
(c) Parameters of quality consisting of numerical values and narrative
descriptions for defined water uses.
These criteria do not describe existing quality conditions of New Jersey's
waterways. They do represent objectives of cleanliness which hopefully can
be achieved through the administrative and enforcement mechanisms available
to the State Department of Environmental Protection.
We believe that these criteria are achievable through rather severe wastewater
treatment requirements that are already in effect in addition to the contemplated
construction of regional water pollution control projects or the reconstruction
and improvement of existing facilities. Additional measures may be required
to deal with nonspecific pollution sources.
These criteria will provide the basis for protecting and enhancing the quality
of both interstate and intrastate waters; they are compatible with those
adopted by our neighboring states.
Considerable water quality data will be gathered and studies made to permit
a continuing evaluation of the proposed criteria and effluent regulations.
Scientific analyses of such data will, in turn, enable the Department to
expand specific wastewater effluent quality standards including equitable
load allocation for each approved discharge source. This approach has
already been taken in the Delaware River Estuary area.
These criteria may also be utilized to assist in determining the influence
of man's activities beyond those involving the discharge of used community
or industrial waters. These indirect sources of water pollution include land
development, water impoundments, dredging, landfills and agricultural operations.
It should be pointed out that the criteria are not intended to be applicable
in instances where water quality does not conform to specified values solely
as a result of natural causes.
With the exception of a relatively few toxic substances, tolerable levels
of many toxic substances in waters have not been fully established. In
addition, toxicity may vary depending upon the presence or interaction of
different constituents and the nature or characteristics of the stream or
waterway involved. Therefore, maximum permissible limits for toxic substances
will be determined by appropriate bioassays in addition to available technical
guidance.
Because of the complex interrelationships between the physical, chemical,
biological and hydrological factors affecting the aquatic environment, utili-
zation of these criteria, particularly where specific numerical values are
involved, must be carried out with great care. Sufficient valid data must
be obtained and assessed to determine with reasonable accuracy levels of
quality for a particular waterway. This cannot be overemphasized since these
criteria will be utilized not only by the State Department of Environmental
Protection but by other water pollution control and water resource agencies,
local boards of health, private citizens, civic and other groups.
These criteria and other information will guide the Department in determining
the required degree of treatment, and therefore the quality of effluent for
all waste treatment facilities.
iii
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NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
RULES AND REGULATIONS
SURFACE WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
Section 1 - Statement of Policy Page's 1 and 2
Section 2 - Glossary of Terms Pages 3 and 4
Section 3 - Surface Water-Use Designations and Criteria
of Quality to be Maintained in Waters so
Designated Pages 5-19
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SECTION 1
A STATEMENT OF POLICY
1.1 Chapter 12 of Title 58 of the Revised Statutes of New Jersey (N.J.S.A.)
58:12-3 provides that no plant for the treatment of domestic or industrial
wastes or other polluting substance from which the effluent is to flow
into any of the waters of this State, shall be constructed.except under
such conditions as shall be established by the State Department of Environ-
mental Protection.
1.2 The protection and enhancement of the quality and function of the waters
of this State into which effluents from sewerage facilities are discharged
is a principal objective of the State Department of Environmental
Protection when considering the approval of designs for proposed sewerage
facilities.
1.3 Waters which are designated to be retained in their natural state and
therefore not subject to any man-made wastewater discharges shall be
protected.
1.4 The protection and enhancement of the State's waterways shall take
precedence over such allowable minimal water quality levels as may be
established.
1.5 In all situations where there may be an impingement of a lesser quality
water upon that of a higher quality of water, the lesser quality of water
shall be upgraded in order to protect or improve adjacent higher quality
waters.
1.6 Existing approved shellfish harvesting areas shall be protected. Tidal
waters that now are at levels of quality below acceptable limits for
shellfish harvesting shall be restored.
1.7 Any industry or community does not have the privilege of utilizing the
theoretical capacity of surface waters to receive waste discharges.
1.8 Water is vital to life and comprises an invaluable natural resource
which is not to be abused by any segment of the State's population or
its economy.
1.9 Where existing water quality is better than the established criteria,
the Department of Environmental Protection in the administration of
its regulations shall maintain the quality of such waters unless it
can be demonstrated that change is justifiable as a result of necessary
economic or social development.
1.10 The water quality criteria for the main stem of the Delaware River
(fresh and tidal) to and including the Delaware Bay are established in
the current Water Quality Standards for the Delaware River Basin adopted
by the Delaware River Basin Commission as part of its Comprehensive Plan.
1.11 The water quality criteria for the Raritan Bay shall be those established
for TW-1 waters, as a minimum, but that the management of the quality
of the water system comprising the Raritan Bay shall be such as to
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assure that regulations of the Interstate Sanitation Commission with
respect to dissolved oxygen will be met.
1.12 The levels of quality specified for various water uses, where applicable,
are expected to be maintained under conditions comprising minimum
consecutive seven day fresh water flows with ten year recurrence intervals
1.13 The minimum degree of wastewater treatment permitted shall consist of
the reduction of biochemical oxygen demand by at least 80 percent at
all times. Higher treatment requirements will be established where
necessary.
1.14 Effective year-round disinfection shall be required for all treated
wastewater discharges containing pathogenic organisms.
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SECTION 2
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
2.1 Agricultural Water Supply - Water used for livestock or irrigation.
2.2 Anadromous Fish - Fish that spend a part of their lives in the sea or
lakes, but ascend rivers to spawn.
2.3 Aquatic Substrata - Soil material and attached biota underlying the
water.
2.4 Biota - The animal and plant life of the region; flora and fauna
collectively.
2.5 Department - New Jersey State Department of Environmental Protection.
2.6 Eutrophic Lake - Lakes with a good supply of nutrients; they may
support rich organic production, such as algae blooms and are commonly
deficient in dissolved oxygen below the thermocline when stratified.
2.7 Industrial Water Supply - Water used for processing and cooling.
2.8 Mixing Zones - Localized areas of surface waters, as may be designated
by the Department, into which wastewater effluents, including heat,
may be discharged for the purpose of mixing, dispersing or dissipating
such wastewater without creating nuisances or hazardous conditions.
2.9 Natural Temperature - Temperature that would exist in a waterway without
the addition of heat of artificial origin.
2.10 ^ontrout Waters - Waters, that because of their physical and/or chemical
and/or biotic characteristics, are not suitable for trout but which, in
general, are suitable for a wide variety of other fish species.
2.11 Primary Contact Recreation - Recreational activities that involve sig-
nificant ingestion risks and including but not limited to the following:
(1) wading, (2) swimming, (3) diving, (4) surfing, and (5) water skiing.
2.12 Secondary Contact Recreation - Recreational activities where the
probability of significant contact or water ingestion is minimal and
including but not limited to: (1) boating, (2) fishing, (3) and those
other activities involving limited contact with surface waters incident
to shoreline recreation.
2.13 Surface Water Classifications - Surface waters of this State identified
as (1) Fresh (FW), (2) Tidal (TW) and (3; Coastal (CW). This includes
both interstate and intrastate waters.
2.14 Thermocline - The layer in a body of water in which the drop in temperature
equals or exceeds 1° C. per meter of depth.
2.15 Thermal Alterations - The increase or decrease in temperature of surface
waters above or below the natural that may be caused by the activities
of man.
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2.16 Trout Maintenance Waters - Waters that support trout throughout the year
or which have high potential for such use pending the correction of short
term environmental alterations. Waters in which the biotic community is
manipulated for the purpose of trout maintenance and which are otherwise
not naturally suited for such purposes are not included.
2.17 Trout Production Waters - Waters that are used by trout for spawning
and/or nursery purposes during their first summer; or which are considered
to have high potential for such use pending the correction of short term
environmental alterations.
2.18 Wildlife - All undomesticated animals and fowl.
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Fl'-l
SECTION 3
SURFACE WATER USE DESIGNATIONS AND CRITERIA OF QUALITY
TO BE MAINTAINED IN WATERS SO DESIGNATED
SECTION 3.1 - SURFACE WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR FW-1 WATERS
CLASS FW-1 - Fresh waters, including rivers,
streams, lakes, or other bodies of water, that
because of their clarity, color, scenic setting,
or other characteristic of aesthetic value or
unique special interest, have been designated by
authorized State agencies in conformance with
laws pertaining to the use of private lands, are
set aside for posterity to represent the natural
aquatic environment and its associated biota.
3.1.1 These waters shall be maintained as to quality in their natural state
and shall not be subject to any man-made wastewater discharges.
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SECTION 3.2 - SURFACE WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR FW-2 WATERS
CLASS FW-2 - Fresh surface waters approved as
sources of public water supply. These waters
shall be suitable for public potable water
supply after such treatment as shall be
required by the Department.
These waters shall also be suitable for the
maintenance, migration and propagation of
the natural and established biota; and for
primary contact recreation; industrial and
agricultural water supply and any other
reasonable uses.
3.2.1 FLOATING SOLIDS, SETTLEABLE SOLIDS, OIL, GREASE, COLOR AND TURBIDITY
Hone noticeable in the water or deposited along the shore or on the
aquatic substrata in quantities detrimental to the natural biota.
None which would render the waters unsuitable for the designated uses.
3.2.2 TOXIC OR DELETERIOUS SUBSTANCES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO MINERAL
ACIDS, CAUSTIC ALKALI, CYANIDES, HEAVY METALS, CARBON DIOXIDE, AMMONIA
OR AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS. CHLORINE, PHENOLS. PESTICIDES, ETC.
None, either alone or in combination with other substances, in such
concentrations as to affect humans or be detrimental to the natural
aquatic biota or which would render the waters unsuitable for the
desigr ited uses. None which would cause the Potable Water Standards
of .e Department for drinking water to be exceeded after appropriate
treatment.
3.2.3 TASTE AND ODOR PRODUCING SUBSTANCES
None offensive to humans or which would produce offensive tastes and/or
odors in water supplies and fauna used for human consumption. None
which would render the waters unsuitable for the designated uses.
3.2.4 £H
Between 6.5 and 8.5.
3.2.5 DISSOLVED OXYGEN
(a) Trout Production Waters - Not less than 7.0 mg/1 at any time.
(b) Trout Maintenance Streams - Daily average not less than 6.0 mg/1.
Not less than 5.0 mg/1 at any time.
(c) Trout Maintenance Lakes - Daily average not less than 6.0 mg/1.
Not less than 5.0 mg/1 at any time.
In eutrophic lakes when stratification is present, not less than
4.0 mg/1 in or above the thermocline where water temperatures
are below 72° F. At depths where the water is 72° F. or above,
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SECTION 3.2 FW-2
daily average not less than 6.0 mg/1 and not less than 5.0 mg/1
at any time.
(d) Montrout Waters - Daily average not less than 5.0 mg/1. Not less
than 4.0 mg/1 at any time.
3.2.6 TEMPERATURE
(a)-Trout Production Waters - Natural temperatures shall prevail except
where properly treated wastewater effluents may be discharged. Where
such discharges occur, stream temperatures shall not be raised more
than 1° F.
(b) Trout Maintenance Streams - No heat may he added which would cause
temperatures to exceed 2° F. over the natural temperatures at any time
or which would cause temperatures in excess of 68° F.
Reductions in temperatures may be permitted where it can be shown
that trout will benefit without detriment to other designated water
uses. The rate of temperature change in designated mixing zones
shall not cause mortality of the biota.
(c) Trout Maintenance Lakes - No thermal alterations except where it
can be shown to benefit the designated uses.
(d) Nontrout Waters - No thermal alteration's, except in designated
mixing zones, which would cause temperatures to deviate more than
5° F. at any time from natural stream temperatures or more than
3° F. in the epilimnion of lakes and other standing waters.
No heat may be added, except in designated mixing zones, which
would cause temperatures to exceed 82° F. for small mouth bass
or yellow perch waters or 86° F. for other nontrout waters.
The rate of temperature change in designated mixing zones shall
not cause mortality of the biota.
3.2.7 RADIOACTIVITY
Current U. S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards shall apply.
3.2.8 BACTERIAL QUALITY
Fecal coliform levels shall not exceed a geometric mean of 200/100 ml.
Samples shall be obtained at sufficient frequencies and at locations
and during periods which will permit valid interpretation pf laboratory
analyses.
Appropriate sanitary surveys shall also be carried out as a supplement
to such sampling and laboratory analyses.
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FW-3
SECTION 3.3 - SURFACE WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR FW-3 WATERS
CLASS FW-3 - Fresh surface waters suitable
for the maintenance, migration and propa-
gation of the natural and established biota;
and for primary contact recreation; industrial
and agricultural water supply and any other
reasonable uses.
3.3.1 FLOATING SOLIDS, SETTLEABLE SOLIDS, OIL, GREASE, COLOR AND TURBIDITY
None noticeable in the water or deposited along the shore or on the
aquatic substrata in quantities detrimental to the natural biota.
None which would render the waters unsuitable for the designated uses.
3.3.2 TOXIC OR DELETERIOUS SUBSTANCES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO MINERAL
ACIDS, CAUSTIC ALKALI. CYANIDES, HEAVY METALS, CARBON DIOXIDE, AMMONIA
OR AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS, CHLORINE, PHENOLS, PESTICIDES, ETC.
None, either alone or in combination with other substances, in such
concentrations as to affect humans or be detrimental to the natural
aquatic biota or which would render the x^aters unsuitable for the
designated uses.
3.3.3 TASTE AND ODOR PRODUCING SUBSTANCES
None offensive to humans or which would produce offensive tastes and/or
odors in fauna used for human consumption. None which would render the
waters unsuitable for the designated uses.
3.3.4 p_H
Between 6.5 and 8.5.
3.3.5 DISSOLVED OXYGEN
(a) Trout Production Waters - Not less than 7.0 mg/1 at any time.
(b) Trout Maintenance Streams - Daily average not less than 6.0 mg/1.
Not less than 5.0 mg/1 at any time.
(c) Trout Maintenance Lakes - Daily average not less than 6.0 mg/1.
Not less than 5.0 mg/1 at any time.
In eutrophic lakes when stratification is present, not less than
4.0 mg/1 in or above the thermocline where water temperatures
are below 72° F. At depths where the water is 72° F. or above,
daily average not less than 6.0 mg/1 and not less than 5.0 mg/1
at any time.
(d) Nontrout Waters - Daily average not less than 5.0 mg/1. Not less
than 4.0 mg/1 at any time.
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SECTION 3.3 FU-:
3.3.6 TEMPERATURE
(a) Trout Production Waters - Natural temperatures shall prevail except
where properly treated wastewater effluents may be discharged. Where
such discharges occur, stream temperatures shall not be raised more
than 1° F.
(b) Trout Maintenance Streams - No heat may be added which would cause
temperatures to exceed 2° F. over the natural temperatures at any time
or which would cause temperatures in excess of 68° F.
Reductions in temperatures may be permitted where it can be shown
that trout will benefit without detriment to other designated water
uses. The rate of temperature change in designated mixing zones
shall not cause mortality of the biota.
(c) Trout Maintenance Lakes - No thermal alterations except where it
can be shown to benefit the designated uses.
(d) Nontrout Waters - Mo thermal alterations, except in designated
mixing zones which would cause temperatures to deviate more than
5° F. at any time from natural stream temperatures or more that*
3° F. in the epilimnion of lakes and other standing waters.
No heat may be added, except in designated mixing zones, which
would cause temperatures to exceed 82° F. for small mouth bass
or yellow perch waters or 86° F. for other nontrout waters.
The rate of temperature change in designated mixing zones shall
not cause mortality of the biota.
3.3.7 RADIOACTIVITY
Current U. S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards shall apply.
3.3.8 BACTERIAL QUALITY
Fecal coliform levels shall not exceed a geometric mean of 200/100 ml.
Samples shall be obtained at sufficient frequencies and at locations
and during periods which will permit valid interpretation of laboratory
analyses.
Appropriate sanitary surveys shall also be carried out as a supplement
to such sampling and laboratory analyses.
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TW-1
SECTION 3.4 - SURFACE WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR TW-1 WATERS
CLASS TW-1 - Tidal waters approved as sources
of public potable water supply. These waters
shall be suitable for public potable water
supply after such treatment as shall be
required by the Department.
These waters shall be suitable for shellfish
harvesting where permitted.
These waters shall also be suitable for the
maintenance, migration and propagation of
the natural and established biota; and for
primary contact recreation; industrial and
agricultural water supply and any other
reasonable uses.
3.4.1 FLOATING SOLIDS, SETTLEABLE SOLIDS, OIL, GREASE, COLOR AND TURBIDITY
None noticeable in the water or deposited along the shore or on the
aquatic substrata in quantities detrimental to the natural biota.
None which would render the waters unsuitable for the designated uses.
3.4.2 TOXIC OR DELETERIOUS SUBSTANCES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO MINERAL
ACIDS, CAUSTIC ALKALI, CYANIDES, HEAVY METALS, CARBON DIOXIDE, AMMONIA
OR AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS, CHLORINE, PHENOLS, PESTICIDES, ETC.
None, either alone or in combination with other substances, in such
concentrations as to affect humans or be detrimental to the natural
aquatic biota or which would render the waters unsuitable for the
designated uses. None which would cause the Potable Water Standards
of the Department for drinking water to be exceeded after appropriate
treatment.
3.4.3 TASTE AND ODOR PRODUCING SUBSTANCES
None offensive to humans or which would produce offensive tastes and/or
odors in water supplies and biota used for human consumption. None
which would render the waters unsuitable for the designated uses.
3.4.4 £H
Between 6.5 and 8.5
3.4.5 DISSOLVED OXYGEN
(a) Trout Maintenance Waters - Daily average not less than 6.0 mg/1.
Not less than 5.0 mg/1 at any time.
(b) Nontrout Waters - Daily average not less than 5.0 mg/1. Hot less
than 4.0 mg/1 at any time.
-10-
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SECTION 3.A TW-1
3.4.6 TEMPERATURE
(a) Trout Maintenance Streams - No heat may be added which would cause
temperatures to exceed 2° F. over the natural temperatures at any time
or which would cause temperatures in excess of 68° F.
Reductions in temperatures may be permitted where it can be shown
that trout will benefit without detriment to other designated water
•uses. The rate of temperature change in designated mixing zones
shall not cause mortality of the biota.
(b) Nontrout Waters - No heat nay be added except in designated mixing
zones, which would cause temperatures to exceed 85° F., or 82° F.
in yellow perch waters, or which will cause the monthly mean of the
maximum daily temperature at any site, prior to the addition of any
heat, to be exceeded by more than 4° F. during September through
May, or more than 1.5° F. during June through August. The rate of
temperature change in designated mixing zones shall not cause
mortality of the biota.
3.4.7 RADIOACTIVITY
Current U. S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards shall apply.
3.4.8 BACTERIAL QUALITY
(a) Approved Shellfish Harvesting Waters - Where harvesting of shellfish
is permitted, requirements established by the National Shellfish
Sanitation Program as set forth in its current manual of operations
shall apply.
(b) All Other Waters - Fecal coliform levels shall not exceed a geometric
mean of 200/100 ml.
Samples shall be obtained at sufficient frequencies and at locations
and during periods which will permit valid interpretation of laboratory
analyses.
Appropriate sanitary surveys shall be carried out as a supplement
to such sampling and laboratory analyses.
-11-
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rw-2
SECTION 3.5 - SURFACE WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR TW-2 WATERS
CLASS TW-2 - Tidal waters suitable for
secondary contact recreation but not
primary contact recreation; the mainte-
nance of fish populations; the migration
of anadromous fish; the maintenance of
wildlife and any other reasonable uses.
3.5.1 FLOATING SOLIDS, SETTLEABLE SOLIDS, OIL, GREASE, COLOR AND TURBIDITY
None noticeable in the water or deposited along the shore or on the
aquatic substrata in quantities detrimental to the natural biota.
None which would render the waters unsuitable for the designated uses.
3.5.2 TOXIC OR DELETERIOUS SUBSTANCES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO MINERAL
ACIDS, CAUSTIC ALKALI, CYANIDES, HEAVY METALS, CARBON DIOXIDE, AMMONIA
OR AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS, CHLORINE, PHENOLS, PESTICIDES, ETC.
None, either alone or in combination with other substances, in such
concentrations as to be detrimental to fish or inhibit their natural
migration or which would render the waters unsuitable for the
designated uses.
3.5.3 TASTE AND ODOR PRODUCING SUBSTANCES
None offensive to humans or which would produce offensive tastes and/or
odors in biota used for human consumption. None which would render the
waters unsuitable for the designated uses.
3.5.4 p_H
Between 6.5 and 8.5.
3.5.5 DISSOLVED OXYGEN
Not less than 4.0 mg/1 at any time.
3.5.6 TEMPERATURE
No heat may be added, except in designated mixing zones, which would
cause temperatures to exceed 85° F., or which would cause the monthly
mean of the maximum daily temperature at any site, prior to the addition
of any heat, to be exceeded by more than 4° F. during September through
May, or more than 1.5° F. during June through August. The rate of
temperature change in designated mixing zones shall not cause mortality
of the biota.
3.5.7 RADIOACTIVITY
Current U. S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards shall apply
-12-
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SECTION 3.5 TW-2
3.5.8 BACTERIAL QUALITY
Fecal coliform levels shall not exceed a geometric mean of 770/100 ml.
Samples shall be obtained at sufficient frequencies and at locations
and during periods which will permit valid interpretation of laboratory
analyses.
Appropriate sanitary surveys shall also be carried out as a supplement
to such sampling and laboratory analyses.
-13-
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SECTION 3.6 - SURFACE WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR TW-3 WATERS
CLASS TW-3 - Tidal waters used primarily for
navigation,'not recreation. These waters
shall be suitable for fish survival and the
passage of anadromous fish and for any other
reasonable uses.
3.6.1 FLOATING SOLIDS, SETTLEABLE SOLIDS, OIL, GREASE, COLOR AND TURBIDITY
None noticeable in the water or contributing to the formation of
sludge deposits.
3.6.2 TOXIC OR DELETERIOUS SUBSTANCES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO MINERAL
ACIDS, CAUSTIC ALKALI, CYANIDES, HEAVY METALS, CARBON DIOXIDE, AMMONIA
OR AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS, CHLORINE, PHENOLS, PESTICIDES, ETC.
None, either alone or in combination with other substances, in such
concentrations as to cause fish mortality or inhibit their natural
migration or which would render the waters unsuitable for the
designated uses.
3.6.3 TASTE AND ODOR PRODUCING SUBSTANCES
None offensive to humans or which would produce offensive tastes and/or
odors in fauna used for human consumption. None which would render the
waters unsuitable for the designated uses.
3.6.4 £H
Between 6.5 and 8.5.
3.6.5 DISSOLVED OXYGEN
Not less than 3.0 mg/1 at any time.
3.6.6 TEMPERATURE
No heat may be added, except in designated mixing zones, which would
cause temperatures to exceed 85° F., or which would cause the monthly
mean of the maximum daily temperature at any site, prior to the addition
of any heat, to be exceeded by more than 4° F. during September through
May, or more than 1.5° F. during June through August. The rate of
temperature change in designated mixing zones shall not cause mortality
of the biota.
3.6.7 RADIOACTIVITY
Current U. S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards shall apply,
-14-
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SECTION 3.6 TW-3
3.6.8 BACTERIAL QUALITY
Fecal coliform levels shall not exceed a geometric mean of 1500/100 ml.
Samples shall be obtained at sufficient frequencies and at locations
and during periods which will permit valid interpretation of laboratory
analyses.
Appropriate sanitary surveys shall also be carried out as a supplement
to such sampling and laboratory analyses.
-15-
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CW-1
SECTION 3.7 - SURFACE WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR CW-1 WATERS
CLASS CW-1 - The waters of the Atlantic Ocean
within 1500 feet from mean lew tide shoreline
or to a bottom depth of 15 feet below the mean
low tide elevation, whichever is more distant
from the mean low tide shoreline.
These waters shall be suitable for primary
contact recreation; the maintenance, migration
and propagation of the natural and established
biota and any other reasonable uses.
3.7.1 FLOATING SOLIDS. SETTLEABLE SOLIDS, OIL, GREASE, COLOR AND TURBIDITY
None noticeable in the water or deposited along the shore or on the
aquatic substrata in quantities detrimental to the natural biota.
None which would render the waters unsuitable for the designated uses.
3.7.2 TOXIC OR DELETERIOUS SUBSTANCES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO MINERAL
ACIDS, CAUSTIC ALKALI, CYANIDES, HEAVY METALS, CARBON DIOXIDE, AMMONIA
OR AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS, CHLORINE, PHENOLS, PESTICIDES, ETC.
None, either alone or in combination with other substances, in such
concentrations as to affect humans or be detrimental to the natural
aquatic biota or which would render the waters unsuitable for the
designated uses.
3.7.3 TASTE AND ODOR PRODUCING SUBSTANCES
None offensive to humans or which would produce offensive tastes and
odors in biota used for human consumption. None which would render
the waters unsuitable for the designated uses.
3.7.4 £H
Between 6.5 and 8.5.
3.7.5 DISSOLVED OXYGEN
Not less than 5.0 mg/1 at any time.
3.7.6 TEMPERATURE
No heat may be added directly to these waters. As a result of any
heat which may be added elsewhere, the temperature at any given site
may not exceed 80° F., nor may the monthly mean of the maximum daily
temperature, prior to the addition of any heat, be exceeded by more
than 4° F. during September through May or more than 1.5° F. during
June through August.
3.7.7 RADIOACTIVITY
Current U. S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards shall apply,
-16-
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SECTION 3.7 CW-1
3.7.8 BACTERIAL QUALITY
Fecal coHform levels shall not exceed a geometric mean of 50/100 ml.
Samples shall be obtained at sufficient frequencies and at locations
and during periods which will permit valid interpretation of laboratory
analyses.
Appropriate sanitary surveys shall also be carried out as a supplement
to such sampling and laboratory analyses.
-17-
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CU-2
SECTION 3.8 - SURFACE WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR CW-2 WATERS
CLASS CW-2 - Atlantic Ocean waters beyond
those established under CW-1 to the three
mile limit.
These waters shall be suitable for secondary
contact recreation; the maintenance, migration
and propagation of the natural and established
biota and any other reasonable uses.
3.8.1 FLOATING SOLIDS, SETTLEABLE SOLIDS, OIL, GREASE, COLOR AND TURBIDITY
None noticeable in the water or deposited on the aquatic substrata in
quantities detrimental to the natural biota. None which would render
the waters unsuitable for the designated uses.
3.8.2 TOXIC OR DELETERIOUS SUBSTANCES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO MINERAL
ACIDS, CAUSTIC ALKALI, CYANIDES, HEAVY METALS, CARBON DIOXIDE, AMMONIA
OR AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS, CHLORINE, PHENOLS, PESTICIDES, ETC.
None, either alone or in combination with other substances, in such
concentrations as to affect humans or be detrimental to the natural
aquatic biota or which would render the waters unsuitable for the
designated uses.
3.8.3 TASTE AND ODOR PRODUCING SUBSTANCES
None offensive to humans or which would produce offensive tastes and
odors in fauna used for human consumption. None which would render
the waters unsuitable for the designated uses.
3.8.4 £H
Between 6.5 and 8.5.
3.8.5 DISSOLVED OXYGEN
Not less than 5.0 mg/1 at any time.
3.8.6 TEMPERATURE
No heat may be added, except in designated mixing zones, which would
cause the temperature to exceed 80° F. , or which would cause the monthly
mean of the maximum daily temperature at any site, prior to the addition
of any heat, to be exceeded by more than 4° F. during September through
May; or more than 1.5° F. during June through August. The rate of
temperature change in designated mixing zones shall not cause mortality
of the biota.
3.8.7 RADIOACTIVITY
Current U. S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards shall apply
-18-
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SECTION 3.8 CW-2
3.8.8 BACTERIAL QUALITY
Fecal coliform levels shall not exceed a geometric mean of 200/100 ml.
Samples shall be obtained at sufficient frequencies and at locations
and during periods which will permit valid interpretation of laboratory
analyses.
Appropriate sanitary surveys shall also be carried out as a supplement
to such sampling and laboratory analyses.
-19-
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ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
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NEW JERSEY STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
DIVISION OF CLEAN AIR AND WATER
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM
STREAM CLASSIFICATION - STANDARDS OF QUALITY - IMPLEMENTATION
SECTION VI
ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN
Hearing
Three hearings were held at locations within the Atlantic Coastal
Plain. The locations were Asbury Park (March 15, 1967), Toms River
(March 22, 1967) and Ocean City (March 29, 1967). The hearings were
conducted by representatives of the State Department of Health assigned
by the State Commissioner of Health. The hearings were well attended.
Preparations for the hearings included recommendations for classi-
fication made by the Interdepartmental Committee, advertising and other
formal notification, etc. These procedures, with some refinements, were
substantially the same as those followed for the hearing on the Raritan
River Basin detailed herein (Section II); documentation is included
herewith.
Classification
Effective May 24, 1967 the State Department of Health issued
regulations entitled "Regulations Concerning Classifications of the
Surface Waters of the Atlantic Coastal Plain." These regulations cover
interstate as well as intrastate streams in the coastal plain.
The fresh water streams were classified as FW-1, FW-2 and FW-3,
depending upon the anticipated uses of the streams. The only change
reflected by the regulations adopted by the State Department of Health
from the recommendations made by the Interdepartmental Committee had
to do with the fresh water streams in Ocean County. The classification
established for these streams was FW-2 rather than FW-3. This was in
consideration of the request made by the Board of Chosen Freeholders
of the County of Ocean at the hearing, and later confirmed by the
Freeholders as well as the Toms River Water Company which serves a
substantial population in the Toms River area of Ocean County. This
change merely establishes somewhat more stringent control over future
discharges, if any, especially industrial wastes to these fresh waters
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- 2 -
so that they may be available as sources of public water supply in the
future. The interstate waters of the basin were classified as TW-1,
CW-1 and CW-2. For details of the standards of quality applicable to
each water classification, reference is made to the "Regulations
Establishing Certain Classifications to be Assigned to the Waters of
this State and Standards of Quality to be Maintained in Waters so
Classified, "adopted by the State Department of Health, effective
September 1, 1964 and amended on January 5, 1966 and March 6, 1967-
Notification of Classification
Notification of classification of the waters of the Atlantic
Coastal Plain was given to all parties present at the hearings held on
March 15, 22 and 29. There also was wide coverage of the classifi-
cations in the press throughout the drainage basin as well as elsewhere
in the State of New Jersey.
Implementation Plan
For details on the Implementation Plan in the Atlantic Coastal
Plain, which is basically the same for the entire State of New Jersey,
reference is made to Section II herein.
The initial step for implementation of the classification program
in the Atlantic Coastal Plain was the enactment of rules and regulations
establishing minimum degrees of treatment for domestic and industrial
wastes. These regulations entitled "Regulations Concerning Treatment
of Wastewaters, Domestic and Industrial Separately or in Combination,
Discharged into the Waters of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, including
the Atlantic Ocean" carry an effective date of June 1, 1967.
Formal orders establishing timetables for appropriate action
including terminal dates for the completion of indicated construction
have been issued against every municipality and other entities known
to be contributors to the pollution of the interstate waters of the
Atlantic Coastal Plain (list included herewith). (A copy of the order
issued against the Borough of Pleasantville is included herewith as a
sample. The timetable is identical for all orders issued in the
Coastal Plain. Similar orders will be issued late in June or early in
July 1967 against all offenders discharging to the fresh waters of the
Coastal Plain.)
The interstate waters of the Atlantic Coastal Plain are used for
recreational purposes including bathing, boating and fishing, and,
"where permitted," shellfish harvesting. There are no changes antici-
pated in the uses of these waters, except that it is hoped that some
of the waters may be restored so that expansion of the waters where
shellfish harvesting is permitted may be practicable.
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— 3 —
Enhancement of the quality of the polluted inland tidal waters
(interstate waters) of the Atlantic Coastal Plain is a foregone con-
clusion. Almost without exception the only sewage treatment provided
in this area to date has been primary treatment plus chlorination.
The new standards require a very high degree of treatment (95%) re-
moval of biochemical oxygen demand at all times.
There is no reason to anticipate substantial measureable enhance-
ment of the quality of the relatively clean ocean surf waters in the
immediate future. However, the high degree of treatment (85% biochem-
ical oxygen demand removal) being required with discharge into waters
30 to 50 feet in depth will provide a safety factor in protection for
the future beyond that which can be anticipated at present with only
primary treatment and chlorination with effluent discharge only a
thousand feet beyond mean low water. Henceforth no "to sea" pumping
of sludge through outfall pipes will be permitted in designs of new
facilities to be constructed under Orders issued. All outfall loca-
tions will be as recommended from engineering and oceanographic
studies. It is anticipated that there may be some consideration of
ground water recharge with effluents especially in the Cape May County
area but there is nothing definitive along this line.
The most significant criterion for acceptance or rejection of the
quality of the inland tidal waters along the Atlantic Coast in New
Jersey is, of course, their acceptability for shellfish harvesting.
The shellfish program of the State Department of Health in collaboration
with the water pollution control program maintains a continual sur-
veillance of the shellfish waters and voluminous bacteriological data
are maintained. This information is in the possession of the Federal
authorities, especially the United States Public Health Service, and
the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration.
The length of the coast line involved in consideration of the
shellfish industry is approximately 120 miles. Charts included here-
with show the location of the waters of concern to the shellfish
program and industry. Of the 164,855 acres of waters in question,
35,510 acres are closed for shellfish harvesting. Approximately 1,870
acres are open seasonally.
The largest single "open" body of water is Barnegat Bay where
high water quality has been maintained. Water quality decreases
sharply below Great Bay. At least 75% of the Bay water in Atlantic
and Cape May Counties is "condemned." This is attributed in large
measure to the discharge of sewage treatment plant effluents (primary
treatment and chlorination) into these waters. In contrast to this
situation, most of the sewage collected in coastal communities and
nearby communities along the Barnegat Bay use the Atlantic Ocean for
ultimate treated waste disposal.
The detrimental effect of localized pollution of fresh water
streams entering the inland tide waters along the coast is known to be
-------
minimal even though there has been no comprehensive scientific analyses
made in this situation. There are included herewith tabulations of
typical analyses of samples collected from major fresh water tribu-
taries discharging to the inland tidal waters.
Reference is made to Section II herein for information upon the
routine surveillance program, routine stream sampling and law enforce-
ment procedures which are common to all watersheds in the State of New
Jersey. It is significant to add that in the ocean bathing areas,
routine surveillance is intensified during the summer season by random
spot checks on treatment plant operation on Saturdays, Sundays and
Holidays. This has the effect of alerting the treatment plant
operators to their responsibilities and this additional surveillance
is carried on under the threat of beach closings if such should be
found necessary. It is believed that this activity has been most
effective.
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SECTION VI
ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN
SOURCES OF POLLUTION COVERED BY ORDERS ISSUED
PART 1 - OCEAN DISCHARGES
Municipality
Borough of Allenhurst
City of Asbury Park
Borough of Avon-By-The-Sea
Borough of Bay Head
Borough of Beach Haven
Borough of Belmar
Berkeley Township
Borough of Bradley Beach
Borough of Bradley Beach
Borough of Deal
Dover Township
Borough of Lavallette
Long Beach Township
City of Long Branch
City of Long Branch
Borough of Manasquan
Borough of Neptune City
Neptune Township
Owner
Borough of Allenhurst
City of Asbury Park
Borough of Avon-By-The-Sea
Borough of Bay Head
Beach Haven Sewerage
Authority
Borough of Belmar
Berkeley Township Sewerage
Authority (So. Seaside
Park)
Borough of Bradley Beach
(Evergreen Avenue)
Borough of Bradley Beach
(Ocean Park Avenue)
Borough of Deal
Dover Sewerage Authority
(Ortley Beach)
Borough of Lavallette
Long Beach Sewerage
Authority
Long Branch Sewerage
Authority (Joline Avenue)
Long Branch Sewerage
Authority (Long Branch
Avenue)
Borough of Manasquan
Borough of Neptune City
Township of Neptune (#1)
Present Method
of Treatment
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Secondary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Secondary
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— 2 —
Municipality
Neptune Township
Neptune Township (Ocean
Grove)
Ocean Township
Ocean Township
Borough of Point Pleasant
Beach
Borough of Sea Bright
Borough of Sea Girt
Borough of Seaside Heights
Borough of Seaside Park
Borough of Ship Bottom
Borough of Spring Lake
Borough of Spring Lake
Borough of Spring Lake
Heights
Owner
Township of Neptune (#2)
Ocean Grove Camp Meeting
Assn. of the Methodist
Church
Twp. of Ocean - Borough of
Interlaken Joint Sewer
Commission
Township of Ocean
Sewerage Authority
Borough of Point Pleasant
Beach
Borough of Sea Bright
Borough of Sea Girt
Borough of Seaside Heights
Borough of Seaside Park
Ship Bottom Sewerage
Authority
Borough of Spring Lake
(Pennsylvania Avenue)
Borough of Spring Lake
(Pitney Avenue)
Borough of Spring Lake
Heights
Present Method
of Treatment
Primary
Primary
Primary
Secondary (Under
Construction)
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Borough of Surf City
Borough of Surf City
Primary
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SECTION VI
ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN
SOURCES OF POLLUTION COVERED BY ORDERS ISSUED
PART 2 - INLAND TIDEWATER DISCHARGES
Municipality
Atlantic City
Atlantic City
Atlantic City
Atlantic City
Borough of Avalon
Berkeley Township
Berkeley Township
Brick Township
City of Brigantine
Dennis Township
Dover Township
Dover Township
Dover Township
Galloway Township
Galloway Township
Borough of Island Heights
Lacey Township
Owner
Atlantic City Sewer
Company (City Island)
Atlantic City Sewer
Company (Texas Avenue)
Vornado Inc.
Spencer Gifts Inc.
Avalon Sewerage Authority
Berkeley Township Sewerage
Authority (Clamming Creek)
Berkeley Township Sewerage
Authority (Berkeley Shores)
Brick Township
City of Brigantine
New Jersey Highway
Authority (Seaville
Service Center)
Dover Sewerage Authority
(Tom's River)
Dover Sewerage Authority
(Bellcrest)
Dover Township Board of
Education
New Jersey Highway
Authority (Atlantic City
Service Center)
Seaview Country Club
Borough of Island Heights
New Jersey Highway
Authority (Forked River
Service Center)
Present Method
of Treatment
Primary
Primary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Tertiary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Tertiary
Primary
Secondary
Secondary
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- 2 -
Municipality
Lacey Township
Little Egg Harbor
Township
Borough of Longport
Lower Township
Middle Township
Middle Township
City of North Wildwood
Ocean City
Ocean City
Ocean Township
City of Pleasantville
Borough of Point Pleasant
Sea Isle City
City of Somer's Point
Stafford Township
Borough of Stone Harbor
Borough of Tuckerton
Union Township (Ocean
County)
Owner
State of New Jersey
(Forked River Marina)
Mystic Isles Sewerage
Company, Inc.
Borough of Longport
(35th Street)
Board of Education of the
Lower Cape May Regional
School District
Garden Lake Corporation
Middle Township Sewerage
District #1 (Cape May
Court House)
City of North Wildwood
Ocean City
Ocean City Sewer Service
Company
Mid-Jersey Sewerage Company
Inc. (Skipper's Cove)
City of Pleasantville
Point Pleasant Board of
Education
Sea Isle City
Somer's Point City
Sewerage Authority
Present Method
of Treatment
Secondary
Secondary
Primary
Secondary
Secondary
Primary
Primary
Secondary
Primary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Primary
Secondary
Stafford Township Municipal Tertiary
Utilities Authority
Borough of Stone Harbor Primary
Tuckerton Municipal Secondary
Utilities Authority
Indianola Sewage Company Tertiary
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- 3 -
Municipality
City of Ventnor
Wall Township
City of Wildwood
Borough of Wildwood Crest
Owner
Present Method
of Treatment
Ventnor-Margate Joint Sewer Primary
Commission
New Jersey Highway Authority Secondary
City of Wildwood Primary
Borough of Wildwood Crest Primary
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STATE OF NEW JERSEY
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
JOHN FITCH PLAZA, P.O. BOX 1540, TRENTON, 08625
ORDER
WHEREAS, the State Department of Health of the State of New Jersey did
promulgate "Regulations Establishing Certain Classifications
to be Assigned to the Waters of this State and Standards of
Quality to be Maintained in Waters so Classified," effective
September 1, 1964 and amended the said regulations on January
5, 1966 and March 6, 1967, and
WHEREAS, the State Department of Health of the State of New Jersey did
after public hearings conducted by the Department on March 15,
22 and 29, 1967 promulgate regulations entitled "Regulations
Concerning Classification of the Surface Waters of the Atlantic
Coastal Plain," effective May 24, 1967, and
WHEREAS, the State Department of Health of the State of New Jersey did
promulgate regulations entitled "Regulations Concerning
Treatment of Wastewaters, Domestic and Industrial Separately
or in Combination, Discharged into the Waters of the Atlantic
Coastal Plain, including the Atlantic Ocean," effective June
1, 1967, and
WHEREAS, the State Department of Health of the State of New Jersey has
found through investigations made by its representatives that
the sewage treatment plant owned and operated by the City of
Pleasantville, in the County of Atlantic and the State of New
Jersey, does not conform to the aforesaid regulations of the
State Department of Health, and is inadequate in capacity or
unit design to properly care for, treat and dispose of the
sewage received therein before an effluent from the said
sewage treatment plant is discharged into the waters of the
Lakes Bay, being waters of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, being
waters of this State, thereby causing or threatening injury to
the inhabitants of this State either in their health, comfort
or property, and
WHEREAS, the State Department of Health of the State of New Jersey, in
consideration of the aforesaid, is of the opinion that in order
for the sewage to be properly, adequately and sufficiently
treated at the said sewage treatment plant before an effluent
is discharged into the said waters of this State, the said
sewage treatment plant must be altered, added to or improved
in a manner approved by the State Department of Health, and
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WHEREAS, it is incumbent upon the State Department of Health of the
State of New Jersey to be specific as to the minimum-degree
of sewage treatment meeting the approval of the said State
Department of Health, and a timetable of significant events
including the contemplated dates for the completion of
construction of sewage treatment projects,
THEREFORE, NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN by the State Department of Health of
the State of New Jersey pursuant to R.S. 58:12-2 to the City
of Pleasantville, in the County of Atlantic and the State of
New Jersey, requiring that the said City of Pleasantville
must and shall, prior to November 30, 1970, cease the discharge
of improperly, inadequately and insufficiently treated sewage
into the waters of the Lakes Bay being waters of the Atlantic
Coastal Plain, being waters of this State, and must alter add
to or improve the sewage treatment plant operated by the City
of Pleasantville including sewage treatment units designed to
provide at all times a minimum of ninety-five percent (95%)
reduction in biochemical oxygen demand of the sewage received
at the said sewage treatment plant, the biochemical oxygen
demand of the effluent of said plant not to exceed fifteen
(15) parts per million, or, if in lieu of the discharge of
the effluent to the Lakes Bay an effluent is to be discharged
into the Atlantic Ocean, then the treatment units shall be
designed to provide at all times a minimum of eighty-five
percent (85%) reduction in biochemical oxygen demand of the
sewage received at the said sewage treatment plant, the
biochemical oxygen demand of the effluent of said plant not
to exceed forty (40) parts per million, and including units
for effective year around effluent disinfection, in order that
the sewage received therein shall be cared for, treated and
disposed of and the effluent discharged in a manner approved
by the State Department of Health of the State of New Jersey,
and in order that the treatment and disposal of said effluent
shall meet the applicable standards of water quality described
by regulations of the State Department of Health entitled
"Regulations Concerning Classification of the Surface Waters
of the Atlantic Coastal Plain," effective May 24, 1967, and,
the regulations of the State Department of Health entitled
"Regulations Concerning Treatment of Wastewaters, Domestic
and Industrial Separately or in Combination, Discharged into
the waters of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, Including the
Atlantic Ocean," effective June 1, 1967, and in effecting
abatement of pollution of the waters of this State within the
time hereinabove provided shall execute the following work
performance schedule:
(1) Complete an engineering report upon the proposed basis
of design of additions and alterations with review and
approval of same by the State Department of Health on
or before April 30, 1968;
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(2) Complete preparation of and secure review and approval
of preliminary engineering plans on or before October
30, 1968;
(3) Complete preparation of and secure review and approval
of detailed contract plans and specifications on or
before June 1, 1969;
(4) Award construction contracts on or before October 1,
1969;
(5) Complete construction on or before November 30, 1970;
(6) The work performance scheduled herein shall be in
conformity with the master engineering plan for sewerage
services in the County of Atlantic as approved by the
New Jersey State Department of Health and the design of
any ocean outfall sewer shall be in conformity with a
feasibility study and report upon the design of such
ocean outfalls along the coast of Atlantic County as
approved by the New Jersey State Department of Health.
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH OF THE STATE OF NEW JERSEY
Richard J. Sullivan, Director
Division of Clean Air and Water
Dated: June 16, 1967
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REGULATIONS CONCERNING TREATMENT OF WASTEWATERS, DOMESTIC AND
INDUSTRIAL SEPARATELY OR IN COMBINATION, DISCHARGED INTO THE
WATERS OF THE ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN, INCLUDING THE ATLANTIC
OCEAN
WHEREAS, the State Department of Health is charged with the responsibility
for the Water Pollution Control Program, including the approval
of the designs of wastewater treatment facilities, in the State
of New Jersey, and
WHEREAS, the citizens of this State, particularly the citizens in the
Atlantic Coastal Plain, have been obliged in recent years to
suffer repeatedly the consequences of serious oxygen depletion
and other exemplifications of pollution in waters of the
Atlantic Coastal Plain, said exemplifications of water pollution
constituting threats to the public health, comfort or property
of citizens of this State, and
WHEREAS, the State Department of Health did promulgate rules and
regulations entitled "Regulations Establishing Certain
Classifications to be Assigned to the Waters of this State
and Standards of Quality to be Maintained in Waters so
Classified," effective September 1, 1964, and amended said
rules and regulations on January 5, 1966 and March 6, 1967,
and
WHEREAS, the State Department of Health has concluded after extensive
investigations and analyses of factual data that more intensive
treatment of wastewaters must be provided throughout the
Atlantic Coastal Plain in order to attain water quality specified
by the aforesaid regulations of the Department, and
WHEREAS, the State Department is of the opinion that the attainment and
maintenance of water quality in the Atlantic Coastal Plain as
specified by the aforesaid regulations of the Department is
necessary in order to abate a present threat to the public
health, comfort or property of citizens of this State,
NOW, THEREFORE, the State Department of Health promulgates the following
regulations entitled "Regulations Concerning Treatment of
Wastewaters, Domestic And Industrial, Separately or in
Combination, Discharged into the Waters of the Atlantic Coastal
Plain, including the Atlantic Ocean."
NEW JERSEY STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Filed with Secretary of State: May 1, 1967
Effective Date: June 1, 1967
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REGULATIONS CONCERNING TREATMENT OF WASTEWATERS, DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRIAL
SEPARATELY OR IN COMBINATION, DISCHARGED INTO THE WATERS OF THE ATLANTIC
COASTAL PLAIN, INCLUDING THE ATLANTIC OCEAN
Pursuant to the authority vested in it under the provisions of
Chapter 12, Title 58 of the Revised Statutes, the State Department of
Health hereby promulgates the following regulations concerning treat-
ment of wastewaters, domestic and industrial, separately or in combi-
nation, discharged into the waters of the Atlantic Coastal Plain.
I. Henceforth, domestic wastes, separately or in combination with
industrial wastes, prior to discharge into waters of the Atlantic
Coastal Plain classified as FW-2 or FW-3 or TW-1, shall be treated to
a degree providing, as a minimum, ninety-five percent (95%) of reduction
of biochemical oxygen demand at all times including any four-hour period
of a day when the strength of the wastes to be treated might be expected
to exceed average conditions; it is an objective of this regulation
that the biochemical oxygen demand of effluents discharged shall not
exceed 15 parts per million.
II. Henceforth, industrial wastes, prior to discharge into waters
of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, classified as FW-2, FW-3 or TW-1, shall
be treated to a degree providing, as a minimum, ninety-five percent
(95%) of reduction of biochemical oxygen demand at all times and such
further reduction in biochemical oxygen demand as may be necessary to
maintain receiving waters, after reasonable effluent dispersion, as
specified in the rules and regulations entitled "Regulations Concerning
Classification of the Surface Waters of the Atlantic Coastal Plain,"
effective May 24, 1967; it is an objective of this regulation that the
biochemical oxygen demand of effluents discharged shall not exceed 15
parts per million.
III. Henceforth, domestic wastes, separately or in combination
with industrial wastes, prior to discharge into waters of the Atlantic
Coastal Plain classified as CW-1 or CW-2, shall be treated to a degree
providing, as a minimum., eighty-five percent (85%) of reduction of
biochemical oxygen demand at all times, including any four-hour period
of a day when the average of the wastes to be treated might be expected
to exceed average conditions; it is an objective of this regulation
that the biochemical oxygen demand of effluents discharged shall not
exceed 40 parts per million.
IV. Henceforth, industrial wastes prior to discharge into waters
of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, classified as CW-1 or CW-2, shall be
treated to a degree providing, as a minimum, eighty-five percent (85%)
of reduction of biochemical oxygen demand at all times and such further
reduction of biochemical oxygen demand as may be necessary in order to
maintain the receiving waters in a quality as specified by the rules
and regulations entitled "Classification of the Surface Waters of the
Atlantic Coastal Plain," effective May 24, 1967.
V. It is recognized, especially in connection with some industrial
wastes, that the pollution load imposed upon the waters of the Plain
-------
cannot be evaluated fully exclusively by the biochemical oxygen
demand test; therefore, each industrial waste problem shall be con-
sidered individually and treatment shall be required as needed to
effect compliance with the Water Quality Criteria established for
the various classifications of waters in the Plain.
VI. Treatment standards set by these regulations are the minimum
acceptable for the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Treatment more intensive
than that specified hereinabove shall be provided whenever it is
determined by the State Department of Health that such treatment is
necessary.
Filed with Secretary of State: May 1, 1967
Effective Date: June 1, 1967
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APPENDIX B
SLUDGE POLICY STATEMENT
NEW JERSEY
-------
STATEMENT BY GOVERNOR WILLIAM T. CAHILL ON SLUDGE BARGING TO SEA
Earlier this week, it became necessary for me to proclaim a state
of emergency in New Jersey in order to prevent horrendous pollution of
our northeast rivers and bays. Under my statutory powers to protect
the public in an emergency it was further necessary for this State to
commandeer three ocean-going barges and their crews to effect the dis-
posal of sludge—the material removed from sewage by treatment—from
six of the State's largest sewage treatment plants. Still further, it
was necessary for me to seek, and obtain, through the offices of the
President of the United States the use of U.S. Coast Guard tugs to
propel these barges to sea for dumping. Our inability or failure to
take any one of these steps would have resulted in the release into
our rivers and bays of 500 million gallons per day of untreated sewage
and industrial wastes. This amounts to about one-half of the wastes
treated in all of New Jersey's sewage plants and its raw release is
clearly intolerable.
The immediate cause of this emergency was the labor strike of tug-
boat operators. It seems to me, however, that much larger issues are
involved than that of the strike.
In the last fifty years, the citizens of New Jersey have invested
almost $1 billion in sewage collection and disposal systems for the
convenience and water quality protection they would provide. With the
aid of our 1969 clean water bond issue we are now launched on another
$1 billion construction program for water pollution control. For the
operation of a substantial part of these facilities precariously to
depend on whether or not there is a tugboat strike, or a strike of
barge operators, or upon the vagaries of weather affecting ocean-going
travel, or upon other such uncertainties is wrong and unacceptable.
Such brinkmanship is incompatible with our ambitious efforts to eliminate
the pollution of our waterways.
In addition there is the question of the impact upon our marine
environment of the continued practice of dumping millions of tons of
sewage sludge, harbor dredgings and certain chemicals in disposal areas
less than twelve miles off the Sandy Hook Beach. A study of this
impact has been underway for more than a year by the Sandy Hook Marine
Laboratory on behalf of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. An interim
report of the findings of this study was made available to us late
yesterday. I have discussed this issue and the significance of the
report with officials of the State Health Department.
The report offers evidence that harbor dredgings dumped at the sea
disposal site are finding their way to the New Jersey Coastline. Evi-
dence has not yet been adduced that sludge dumpings reach our surf
waters. It is clear that the disposal sites and their environs are
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- 2 -
devoid of marine life. I am also informed that the invasion of the
red tide—a proliferation of toxic microorganisms—which afflicted our
beaches two summers ago may have its genesis in the nutrient materials
at the dump site.
While the report deals exclusively with dumping off Sandy Hook,
similar questions can be raised about dump sites ten miles from the
entrance to Delaware Bay used by the Cities of Camden, Philadelphia,
Baltimore and others.
All things considered, it is my -judgment that the ocean dumping
of harbor dredgings and sewage sludge a scant twelve miles from our
coast is a primitive, insensitive, and unacceptable method of disposal.
I realize that as is usually the case in environment protection there
is not a clear choice batween the right way and the wrong way. There
is a need to make a choice among several somewhat unsatisfactory alter-
natives. In my opinion we should do the following:
1. Begin phasing out ocean dumping as a regular, accepted, method
of disposal of sewage sludge off our coast, and of toxic industrial
materials off the continental shelf one hundred miles to sea.
2. For the next few years that it will inevitably take to pro-
vide on-land sludge disposal facilities require that all dumping of
sewage sludge and harbor dredgings be one hundred miles at sea off the
continental shelf. This can be accomplished by agreement or by
Congressional enactment requiring that such deep sea dumping be a con-
dition of all permits issued by the Army Corps of Engineers.
3. Incorporate in the design of all new sewage treatment plants
facilities for sludge disposal other than by dumping at sea.
4. Seek through agreement or by Congressional enactment the
requirement by the Army Corps of Engineers that a condition of ocean
dumping permits will be a showing by the applicant that some steps
are being taken to provide for on-shore treatment and disposal in the
future.
5. Seek the agreement of New York State in this changed approach
to sludge disposal in recognition of the fact that New York City and
other communities now dump more than twice as much sludge as does the
State of New Jersey; and, as well, to seek the concurrence of the
States of Pennsylvania and Maryland.
I am informed that sludge disposal by landfill or by incineration
are not without their own problems—problems of potential land and air
pollution, as well as the high cost of facilities. I am also informed
that many of the toxic industrial chemicals now disposed of by deep-sea
dumping are difficult and expensive to treat otherwise. We hope that
in all of these areas technology, upon demand, will give us innovative
improvements. In any case, however, hard choices must be made now if
we are to restore and protect the quality of our physical environment.
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APPENDIX C
HEAVY METALS SAMPLING RESULTS
NEW JERSEY COASTAL SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
March 1, 1972
Chief, Technical Support Branch
S&A, Edison, N.J.
Laboratory Results - New Jersey Coastal Sewage Treatment Plants
(2/17/72)
Chief, Surveillance & Analysis Branch
Settleable Total
Lab Solids Susp. Solids B0r>5 TKN
No. ml/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1
Atlantic City
Atlantic City
Pleasantville
Pleasantville
Lakewood Infl
Lakewood Effl
Belmar Infl .
Belmar Effl .
Infl.
Effl.
Infl.
Effl.
•
21055
21056
21057
21058
21960
21059
21061
21062
2
0
12
0
0
2
.0
.5
.0
.1
.1
.0
.05
83
61
215
68
241
44
64
36
77
94
225
39
348
64
104
76
20
18
35
28
30
20
16
16
.0
.2
.2
.0
.0
.0
.4
.0
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Total
Lab N03-N
No. mg/1
Atlantic City Infl .
Atlantic City Effl.
Pleasantville Infl.
Pleasantville Effl .
Lakewood Infl .
Lakewood Effl.
Belmar Infl .
Belmar Effl.
21055
21056
21057
21058
21060
21059
21061
21062
.18
.21
.31
.54
.36
.22
.69
.67
T-P
mg/1
6.0
6.0
9.0
9.0
13.6
8.4
7.4
5 .2
Hg
mg/1
0.001
0.002
0.009
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.002
Cd
mg/1
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.04
<0.03
<0. 03
<:0.03
Cu
mg/1 m
0.08 0
0.08 0
0.24 3
0.12 0
0.20 0
0.07 0
0.06 0
0.06 0
Zn Cr
g/1 mg/1 m
.15 0.03-5.0
.14 0.03<:0
.6 0
.4 0
.30 0
.07 0
.14 <0
.11 <0
.02 "CO
.01 -CO
.02 <0
.02 <:0
.01 <0
.01 -CO
Ni CIST
g/1 mg/1
.05 <0.02
.05 <0.02
.05 <0
.05 <0
.05«:0
.05 <0
.05 <0
.05 <:0
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
Phen
mg/
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
Francis T. Brezenski
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APPENDIX D
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Appendix D
The Jersey Atlantic Coastal and Estuarine Environment
The Jersey Coastal Area is essentially estuarine in
character and comprises a highly delicate and a highly pro-
ductive marine environment.
The estuarine zone has often been described as a "buffer
zone" between the freshwater runoff from the land and the salt
water of the sea - a body of water wherein the salinity of the
open ocean has been measurably diluted by the influent from
tributary stream (7). It constitutes an environment of land,
water and air inhabited by specific plants and animals which
are highly interdependent and which are unique in themselves in
that their characteristics are the direct result of the inter-
action of the land and sea upon one another.
The estuarine zone is recognized as the most productive
part of the natural environment. The many forms of life include
animals and plants which live in the bottom, on the bottom, in
the water, on the water, and in the marshes which border much
of the coast.
The New Jersey coastal estuaries are characterized by
restricted embayments which have been formed over recent
geological time by the gradual buildup and connection of off-
shore barrier beaches and sand spits. These bays are generally
elongated and stretch parallel to the mainland. Of the total
bay shore length of 240 miles, about 35 miles of the inland
bays have sandy beaches. Most of the coastal sounds are
D-l
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connected to the ocean by rather narrow inlets which range in
depth from three to five feet (except for Cape May and Little
Egg Inlets). Due to the restrictive nature of these inlets,
the embayments normally experience only limited tidal action
and as a result are generally quiescent. Since tidal action
is dampened, the principle mixing mechanisms are often provided
by the prevailing wind and meteorologic conditions. "Except
in the immediate vicinity of the coastal inlets, the quantity
of littoral drift along the shores of the bay areas is very low.
Mhere shoreline erosion has occurred, it has usually been due
principally to the action of storm or wind generated waves and
currents, rather than to a continual process of erosion by
littoral forces" (8). Thus, the bays themselves tend to be
quite shallow and are subject to the continual sedimentation of
organic matter from both upland sources and from local biotic
growths. Most inland areas along the Jersey coastal region exhibit
high animal and plant productivity due largely to their shallow
and quiescent nature, as well as to the availability of
nutrient sources provided by natural and man-made sources.
The northern shore estuaries, inside the barrier beaches,
are relatively broad and shallow and, as such, are generally
characteristic of bar-built embayments. Barnegat Bay, for
instance, experiences only minor tidal action (ranging
approximately one half a foot) except during strong wind
periods when this range may vary up to three (3) feet beyond
the normal tidal limits.
D-2
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Conversely, the southern shore estuaries are characterized
by relatively narrow, twisting channels connecting shallow
sounds and interspersed marshlands. The circulation and
mixing phenomena prevalent to some extent in the larger
embayments of the north are almost non-existent in this region
due to the geophysical restrictions, the smaller surface areas
and the general lack of any significant feeder streams. As a
consequence, these water systems are highly susceptible to
degradation from even the most minute discharges from man-
oriented sources.
The bays areas are separated from the coastal waters proper
by long, sandy barrier islands "the northern edges of which
tend to be eroded and will shrink unless replenished with sand,
while the southernmost tips of the islands are elongated" (9).
The coastal shoreline region itself may be separated into
two (2) distinct sectors due to the similarities of
geomorphologic and hydro!ogic characteristics within each. The
northern sector extends from the northernmost extremity of
Sandy Hook southward to Manasquan Inlet. The shoreline of this
reach is about 27 miles in length and comprises about 22 percent
of the total ocean frontage along the Atlantic Coast of New
Jersey. The northern portion of this reach along the Sandy Hook
peninsula is covered with low sand dunes interspersed with low
sandy beach ridges. The southerly portion of this includes bluff
D-3
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areas immediately adjoining the ocean and rising up to 25 feet
above mean sea level. The accretion of sand along the south
side of groins and jetties within this sector and the elongation
of Sandy Hook indicate a general predominance of northward
littoral drift (8 ).
The southern sector extends from Manasquan Inlet to
Cape May Point and consists mostly of long, sandy barrier
islands separated from the mainland by the previously discussed
tidal marshes, bays, creeks and lagoons. The entire shore
length in this sector stretches 97 miles and all areas have a
beach zone. The net direction of littoral drift in the reach
is to the southwest (downcoast), due primarily to the
predominance of wave activity from the northeast quadrant.
Due to the general shielding effect of Long Island, New York,
wave activity from the northeast quadrant is significantly
reduced in the reach to the northeast of Barnegat Inlet. The
result is the creation of a nodal zone generally in the vicinity
of this Inlet. Thus, the net direction in the reaches above
Barnegat Inlet is to the northeast. In the vicinity of many of
the coastal inlets within this sector, local reverses in the
direction of the littoral drift have been observed (8). This
phenomena, however, is apparently due to the interaction of the
immediate tidal currents and the prevailing southwest littoral
drift.
D-4
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Apart from the alongshore currents prevalent in the Jersey
coastal region, past drift bottle studies show that a combination
of eddies, tidal current and drifts exert a shore-ward component
of current during the summer bathing season ( 10). Similar bed
drifter returns suggest bottom currents with a shoreward component
of several tenths of a mile per day (11). More recent dye
tracer studies performed along the New Jersey Coastal Region
were used to evaluate onshore and longshore currents in the
selection of desirable regional outfall sites (5).
D-5
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