TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT
FOR
THE NEW JERSEY TRANSPORTATION
CONTROL PLAN
November 1, 1973
±.
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INDEX
CHAPTER PAGE
1. Background, Hearing Summary, Two-Year 3
Extensions, Air Quality Data, and
Control Measures and Assumptions
2. Emissions Inventory and Reduction 39
Calculations
3. Emission Factors and Detailed Calcu-
lations
Attachment 132
I. Photochemical Oxidant concen- 133
trations at Welfare Island for
January 1971 to December 1972
II. Draft of New Jersey Administra- 134
tive' Code Proposed Chapter 16
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A.. Background Information
Under the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970, Congress required the
States to prepare plans to implement the National Ambient Air Quality
/
Standards that were promulgated, by EPA, on the basis of public health
and welfare effects. ,- *"'-
' ^
The Administrator promulgated the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards on April 30, 1971. Under Section 110 of the Act, the States
were then required to develop and submit to the Administrator by no
later than January 30, 1972, implementation plans for attainment and
maintenance of the national standards.
On January 26, 1972, the Governor of New Jersey submitted the
State's implementation plan. At that time, the Governor requested a
two-year extension in the attainment date for the national standards
for carbon monoxide and photochemical oxidants in the New Jersey portions
of the New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Interstate Region and the Metro-
politan Philadelphia Intrastate Region. N
.On May 31, 1972, the Administrator approved New Jersey's imple-
mentation plan for attaining the national standards for carbon monoxide
and photochemical oxidants. He also granted the two-year extensions
requested by the Governor.
...The basis of New Jersey's two-year extension was that the Federal
Motor Vehicle Control Program and the New Jersey Motor Vehicle Inspec-
tion Program could provide for the attainment of the national standards
for CO and Ox by May 31, 1977 without the imposition of additional trans-
portation control measures that would be difficult to implement. These
additional measures would have to be implemented to provide for attain-
ment of the standards by May 31, 1975.
3
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On January 31, 1973, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District
of Columbia Circuit, in a suit brought by the Natural Resources De-
fense Council, ruled that the Administrator had not followed the require-
ments of the Clean Air Act when he granted the States two-year exten-
»' '
sions in the attainment date for the national standards for CO and 0X'.
S'.
The court rescinded the two year extensions and established a timetable
for State development and submittal and for-EPA review, approval/dis-
y
approval, and promulgation'xif implementation plans for achievement of
standards for carbon monoxide and photochemical oxidants. Under this
timetable, the States were required to develop and submit to the Admin-
istrator, by not later than April 15, 1973, an implementation plan for
achieving the national standards for CO and Ox by May 31, 1975. The
States were also required to establish at this time the justification
of their requests for any extension in the achievement date. The Court
order also does not preclude the Administrator from granting extensions
of up to two years", but requires that he adhere 'strictly to the guide-
lines for granting these extensions as outlined in Section 110 (e) of
the Act.
The Court order also required that by June 15, 1973, the Adminis-
trator must approve or disapprove the State plans. If he disapproves
a portion of any plan, he must immediately propose an alternative to
replace the disapproved portion. Final promulgation of modified plans
must be accomplished by August 15, 1973. In July, however, the U.S.
Circuit Court of Appeals granted a two-month extension until October
15, 1973 in the date for final promulgation of the plans.
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On April 15, 1973, the Governor- of New Jersey did not submit to
the Administrator a transportation control plan for achieving the
national ambient air quality standards for photochemical oxidants and
carbon monoxide in both the Metropolitan Philadelphia and the New Jersey-
* ''
New York-Connecticut Interstate Regions. However, the Commissioner of
-
the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection sent a letter to
the Regional Administrator expressing his intent to develop ja. plan as
.v
soon as possible and identifying seven alternative strategies that the
State would consider. In accordance with the requirements of the Act
and the timetable established by the Court, the Administrator developed
and proposed for promulgation on July 3, 1973, a plan for attaining
the national standards for carbon monoxide and photochemical oxidants
in the two AQCR's mentioned.
B. Summary of EPA Public Hearings
On July 16, 17,.18, 1973 the Region II Office of EPA held public
f \
hearings on the proposed transportation plan for. the State of New Jersey
in Camden, Trenton and Newark. Apart from EPA Region II testimony,
there were eight speakers in Camden, eleven in Trenton and twenty-four
speakers in Newark. In addition, a significant amount of written
testimony was received prior to and subsequent to the hearings. The
hearing record was originally held open until July 25, 1973. However,
an extension to August 15, 1973 was granted on August 9, 1973, where-
upon the final date for promulgation was extended to October 15, 1973.
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At the Caroden hearings on July 16, 1973, the major thrust of the
testimony focused upon the improvement of mass transit and the absence
of feasible alternatives to automobile travel. It was emphasized by
the New Jersey State Chamber of Commerce that recreational and shopping
center facilities in Camden County relied heavily upon automobile
accessibility. The representative from the Automobile Club of Southern
New Jersey urged that a comprehensive cost-benefit and economic impact
study be undertaken before any final" actions were implemented by EPA.
Citizens groups urged that construction of new highways cease immedia-
tely and that remaining highway funds be used for improving mass tran-
sit. The Delaware River Port Authority suggested that staggered work
hours and flexi-time programs would aid both traffic and mass transit
movement.
On July 17, 1973, the public hearing was reconvened in Trenton.
The basic comment by the majority of the speakers was that the federal
plan was too ambitious and that while it's goals "were to be commended,
the plan could not be implemented in its entirety by 1977, without
causing severe economic hardship.
With respect to mobile source controls, the proposed motor vehicle
maintenance and inspection programs were commended. Retrofitting of
pre-1971 light duty motor vehicles was judged by the Atlantic Rich-
field Company to be too costly for the comparable benefit. In addition,
proposed restraints on motorcycles were critized as unfair.
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The urgent need for development' of suitable mass transit was
again emphasized strongly. One speaker supported establishment of
> . . i f
park and ride lots and the four-day work week to decrease VMT by
commuters. . . *
* ''
The plan was critized by the New Jersey State Chamber of -;
/':.
Commerce for an alleged lack of a strong technological base as a
consequence of the statement by the New Jersey Commissioner^of Environ-
<
mental Protection that ther« was no direct relationship between emis-
sions of hydrocarbons and the formation of photochemical oxidants. .
It was suggested that the Clean Air Act of 1970 be modified to allow
standard achievement by 1980.
*.
Chemical companies praised EPA's stationary hydrocarbons as
having non-discriminatory uniformity of emissions control but requested
more definitive guidelines for the achievement of standards. This
was in contrast to a- draft hydrocarbon control regulation developed
' -. '"*
by the State of New Jersey. -- . '_
The public hearing continued at'Newark on July 18, 1973. As
exemplified by Mayor Gibson's remarks, the overall commentary empha-
sized the economic and social burdens which the EPA transportation
plan might cause. It was constantly reiterated that adequate mass
transit was essential before motorists could be restricted in their
access to big city areas. As long range solutions to the mass transit
problem, suggestions for improved bus and rail services were presented
by private companies. Also varied citizen groups urged diversion of
the highway trust fund for financing improved mass transit.
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The public generally expressed support for immediate implementation
of the less stringent measures contained in the proposed EPA plan. For
example, some individuals advocated wide-spread implementation of park
and ride stops. Others suggested improved traffic control and state-
J -*r
initiated carpools. / <
Many motorcycle enthusiasts expressed alarm over the unexpected
and drastic proposed restrictions on motorcycling in. New Jersey. Simi-
y
larly, the New Jersey .Motor-Truck Association voiced opposition to the
daytime delivery ban, calling it discriminatory.
In addition, several other groups joined the New Jersey Depart-
ment of Environmental Protection in questioning the technological
basis of EPA's plan. A time extension was urged so that more technical
data could be collected and analyzed to test the relationship between
hydrocarbon emissions and photochemical oxidant formation before
implementation of EPA's regulations.
Lastly, a number of chemical companies again requested clarifica-
tion and modification of guidelines for control of stationary source
emissions.
C. Two-Year Extensions
The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1970, states in Section 110
that:
"(e)(l) Upon application of a Governor of a State at the time of
submissions of any plan implementing a national ambient air quality
primary standard, the Administrator may (subject to paragraph (2))
extend the three-year period referred to in subsection (a)(2)(A)(i)
for not more than two years for an air quality control region if
after review of such plan the Administrator determines that:
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"(A) one or more emission sources (or classes of moving sources)
are unable to comply with the requirements of such plan which implement
such primary standard because the necessary technology or other alter-
natives are not available or will not be available soon enough to per-
*' r~
mit compliance within such three-year period, and <
*""''.'
"(B) the State has considered and applied as a part of its plan
reasonably available alternative means of attaining such primary stand-
x
ard and has justifiably concluded that attainment of such primary stand-
ard within the three years cannot be achieved.
"(2) The Administrator may grant an extension under paragraph
(1) only if he determines that the State plan provides for:
"(A) application of the requirements of the plan which implement
such primary standard to all emission sources in such region other
than the sources (or classes) described in paragraph (1)(A) within the
three-year period, and
'. . x
"(B) such interim measures' of control of the sources (or classes)
described in paragraph (1)(A) as the 'Administrator determines to be
reasonable under the circumstances.
The Administrator has determined that certain classes of mobile
sources in the New Jersey portions of the New Jersey-New York-Connecti-
cut and the Metropolitan Philadelphia Interstate Air Quality Control
Regions are unable to comply with the requirements of the plan. The
Administrator has also considered the impact of applying all reason-
ably available control measures and has found that their full appli-
cation will not achieve sufficient reduction in emissions of hydro-
carbons to provide for achievement of the standard for photochemical
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oxidants. Furthermore, no reasonable contingency strategy is available
since the only potentially effective measure, the control of gasoline
marketing, cannot be fully implemented to attain the national standard
for photochemical oxidants and carbon monoxide by May 31, 1975. There-
J 'i.
fore, the Administrator extends for two-years the date for attainment1
/'*/
of the national standard for photochemical oxidants and for 14 months
the date for attainment of the national standards for carbon monoxide
*
in the New Jersey portion of the New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Inter-
state Region and for two-years the attainment date for the national
standards for carbon monoxide and photochemical oxidants in the New
Jersey portion of the Metropolitan Philadelphia Interstate Region.
*.
The justification for these extensions is as follows:
I. Adequacy of Control Strategy for 1975
The Administrator has determined that the following strategies
are necessary to attain the national standard for photochemical oxi-
, '>
dants by May 31, 1975, in the New Jersey portions of the New Jersey-
New York-Connecticut Region and the Metropolitan Philadelphia Region:
(i) stationary source controls reflecting reasonably available
control technology,
(ii) Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program (FMVCP) for light-
duty and heavy-duty gasoline fueled motor vehicles,
(iii) inspection/maintenance programs for ligh-duty and inter-
mediate-duty (less than 10,000 Ibs. GVW) vheicles,
(iv) retrofitting of light-duty (New Jersey-New York-Connecticut
and Metropolitan Philadelphia Region) and intermediate-duty vehicles
(New Jersey-New York-Connecticut only) with emission control devices,
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(v) prohibiting of.pickups and deliveries by trucks between the
hours of 6 am and 11 am (New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Region only),
(vi) reduction of vehicle miles traveled by light-duty vehicles
through the establishment of exclusive bus/carpobl lanes, through on-
* '-
street parking limitations, the management of off-street parking supply,
.*'
and through employer incentives for mass transit or carpool use by
employees. . -
* " *
The detailed demonstration of the adequacy of these strategies
is presented in Section F of this document.
II. Available Technology
EPA has investigated the availability of the various emission con-
trol devices that can be retrofitted to in-use motor vehicles. It has
determined that EGR-airbleed devices cannot be installed on the required
vehicles prio'r to August 1, 1976 and that oxidizing catalytic converters,
prior to May 31, 1977. These dates reflect the following actions:
,.. . -
(i) EPA evaluation of the'various available devices,
(ii) the manufacturer's testing and evaluation,
(iii) EPA review of manufacturer's testing and evaluation data,
(iv) state's review and approval of the device,
(v) manufacture and distribution of devices in sufficient num-
bers , and
(vi) installation of devices on the required vehicles.
EPA has estimated that for EGR-airbleed devices 7 months will be
required for manufacture of the devices and 12 months for installation.
For oxidizing catalytic converter, ten months from the time of State
approval will be required to manufacture the devices with a subsequent
18-months for installation.
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With regard to reducing vehicle miles traveled by light-duty
passenger vehicles, EPA has estimated that a maximum regional reduc-
tion of 10 percent is achieveable by, May 31, 1975 and that an addi-
tional 10-15 percent can reasonably be achieved by May 31, 1977. It
-%
is estimated that a further 15 to 20 percent regional reduction in
vehicle miles traveled by light-duty passenger vehicles may be achieved
by 1977 if a massive program is undertaken to expand mass transit in
the area or a national vehicle use curtailment program is instituted.
These VMT reductions are achievable in an area such as New Jersey
where dependency upon private vehicles is so great. To achieve even
a moderate fraction of these reductions, a major committment to short-
*
term mass transit improvements will be required.
III. Reasonably Available Alternative Means
The Administrator, in developing the plan, considered a wide
range of control measures. The specific measures that he finally
f \
selected represent all that is reasonably available. The proposed
EPA regulations published in the July 3, 1973 Federal Register con-
tained a measure that would limit the sale of gasoline to fiscal
year 1973 levels. In the final rulemaking this regulation has been
substantially revised. The regulation, as promulgated, is a contin-
gency regulation. It will be implemented only if the Administrator
determines that the other VMT reduction measures will not attain the
national standards by May 31, 1977.
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IV. Application of All Other Requirements by May 31, 1975
With the exception of those measures that require retrofitting
with emission control devices light-duty and medium-duty vehicles and
controlling vapors from gasoline marketing.operations, all measures
i
will be fully implemented by May 31, 1975.. These other measures will-
/*,'
be implemented according to the following schedule:
A. EGR-Airbleed Retrofit * August 1,-1976
t
B. Oxidizing CatalytTc Retrofit May 31, 1977
C. Gasoline Marketing Controls
Phase I: Tank trucks to stationary
' ' storage tanks March 1,-1976
Phase II: Dispensing unit to vehicle
fuel tank (90% control) May 31, 1977
D. Air Quality Data
1. New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Interstate Region
a. Carbon Monoxide
>- . N
Ambient carbon monoxide concentrations' are determined by the
nature of very localized traffic flow. The effect of transport
is not considered very significant. In this Region, NJDEP operates
12 continuous air monitoring stations at which carbon monoxide is
sampled. These monitoring stations are located as follows:
COUNTY CITY LOCATION
Bergen
Essex
Hudson
Middlesex
Hack ens ack
Newark
Bayonne
Jersey City
Perth Amboy
133 River Street
Northwest corner of Washington
Street § Branford Place
SW Corner of Hudson Co. Park
2828 Kennedy Boulevard
130 Smith Street
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Monmouth .Asbury Park 730 Mattison Avenue
Freehold 5 W. Main Street
Morris Morristown 29 Ann Street*
Passaic Paterson 402 East 16th Street
Union Elizabeth 1) Near tollgate at exit 13
of New Jersey Turnpike
2.) Broad Street
Somerset Somerville 86-88 W. Main Street
*Vacated on March 14, 1972
At each of these stations, the method employed to monitor
for carbon monoxide is non-dispersive infra-red absorption system.
During 1972, 8-hour ambient concentrations of carbon monoxide
exceeded the national standard at every site but two. The follow-
ing table presents the second highest 8-hour concentration recorded
at the specific sites and the percent reduction needed to attain
the national standard.
\
SITE - SECOND HIGHEST 8-HOUR PERCENT REDUCTION
CONCENTRATION
Newark
Jersey City
Perth Amboy
Freehold
Paterson
Somerville
Elizabeth
Hackensack
17.0 ppm
24.9 ppm
21.4 ppm
26.4 ppm
22.5 ppm
19.0 ppm
22.8 ppm
14.1 ppm
47
64
58
66
60
53
61
36
H
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b. Photochemical Oxidants (Hydrocarbons)
Photochemical oxidants (hydrocarbons) are a regional air
pollution problem. In the formation of oxidants, the.effect of
transport is a very important factor. Hydrocarbon emissions
.1' ,
during the hours of 6-11 am have a very significant impact on
peak concentrations of photochemical'oxidants that occur in the
late afternoon.
During 1972, the.^ew Jersey Department of Environmental
Protection and the New York State Department of Environmental
Conservation operated a total of six monitoring stations that
measured ambient concentrations of photochemical oxidants.
The primary method for sampling photochemical oxidants
during 1972 at each of these stations is the colorimetric method
using a neutral, buffered potassium iodide solution.
During 1972, the highest and second highest measured ambient
concentrations of photochemical oxidants were recorded at the
station operated by the New York State Department of Environmental
Conservation at Welfare Island. The maximum and the second high-
est concentrations were 0.207 and 0.200 ppm respectively, for a
1-hour average. Using the second highest measured concentration
it has been determined on the basis of Appendix J (40 CFR 51) that
a reduction of 67 percent in hydrocarbon emissions is required in
order to meet the standard for photochemical oxidants. Attachment
I of this document is a representation of the concentrations
measured at Welfare Island from January, 1970 to December, 1972.
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2. Metropolitan Philadelphia .Interstate Region
a. Carbon Monoxide
' ' ' f
In this Region, the New Jersey Department of Environmental
Protection operated seven ambient air. .monitoring stations at
/
which carbon monoxide was measured. ..At each of these stations, '
/'/
the method used was the non-dispersive infra-red absorption.
The national 8-hour standard for carbon monoxide was ex-
0 _ t
ceeded at five of the'^seven sta'tions. The following table pre-
sents the second highest value recorded at the individual sites
and the percent reduction needed to attain the national standard.
SITE ' SECOND HIGHEST 8-HOUR PERCENT REDUCTION
CONCENTRATION
Trenton
Camden
Burlington
Paulsboro
Penns Grove
b. Photochemical
30.0 ppm
16.0 ppm
21.4 ppm
11.3 ppm
16.8 ppm
Oxidants (Hydrocarbons)
70
43
58
30
46
The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection operates
one monitoring station for photochemical oxidants. The sampling
method is colorimetric method using neutral, buffered potassium
iodide solution.
The second highest 1-hour value recorded in the New Jersey
portion of this Region during 1970 was 0.145 ppm. Using Appendix
J of 40 CFR 51, it is calculated that a reduction of 47 percent
is needed to attain the national standard for photochemical oxi-
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dants. Information from EPA's. Region III Office in Philadelphia
indicates that the second highest 1-hour concentration of photo-
chemical oxidants in the Pennsylvania, portion of the Region was
0.120 ppm.
t
E. Control Measures and Assumptions' <
,*
The following is a list of the control measures that were utilized
in EPA's transportation control plan for the two AQCR's in New Jersey.
*
Following each strategy there is an 'explanation of the strategy and
any assumptions that were employed in determining its effectiveness.
I. Stationary Source Controls
a.' Storage of Volatile Organic Liquids
This strategy will reduce emissions of hydrocarbons from the stor-
age of Volatile organic liquids. EPA's original estimate of the emissions
from this source has been revised. This revision is based on specific
data that were submitted by the major oil companies who have storage
, . N
facilities in the northern New Jersey area. . _
The specific controls are dependent upon the size of the storage
facility and vapor pressure of the liquid being stored. The specific
controls range from a conservation vent device to a pressure tank or
vapor recovery system.
The regulation that was proposed for promulgation was significantly
changed based on meetings between EPA and the New Jersey State Depart-
ment of Environmental Protection. EPA and NJSDEP attempted to recon-
cile the proposed New Jersey State regulation and the EPA regulation
so as to prevent or limit the disruption that might occur at such time
as New Jersey's proposed regulation is adopted by the State and approved
n
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by'the Administrator. Attachment 11.is the first draft of the NJDEP's
proposed Chapter 16 of the Administrative Code..
b. Organic Liquid Loading , 7 .. .
t ,
This measure will reduce the emissions of hydrocarbons from the
i %
loading of organic liquids into tank trucks, trailers, or railroad
>
tank cars from any loading facility. The reduction to be achieved is
90 percent.
c. Volatile Organic Substances ' -
This control measure limits 'the emissions of volatile organic
substances from any article, machine, equipment, or other contrivance.
The allowable emissions are based upon the potential emission rates
are similar to those contained in the New Jersey DEP's proposed
Chapter 16.
This measure does not selectively control photochemically reactive
substances as does L.A. Rule 66. No inventory has been developed which
f X.
adequately identifies the relative photochemical reactivity of sub-
stances emitted by individual sources in New Jersey. Such an inven-
tory will not be available in the immediate'future. Until such an
inventory is developed, no basis can be established for selective con-
trols on an industry by industry or source by source basis. In the
absence of such an inventory, the approach that the New Jersey State
Department of Environmental Protection has taken in its proposed
Chapter 16 of the New Jersey Administrative Code to control all volatile
organic substances to the extent achievable through the application of
reasonably available control technology to all existing sources.
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d. Gasoline Vapor Controls Transfer
This control measure limits the emissions of vapors from the trans-
fer of gasoline from a delivery vessel to any stationary storage con-
tainer. The storage container must be fitted with a submerged fill
t'',
nozzle and must be equipped to control 90.percent of the vapors displaced
from the container during filling operations. \
EPA has determined that this control measure cannot be fully imple-
mented prior to March 1, 1976. This determination assumes that all reg-
ulatory authority is adequate by March 1, 1974 and that 24 months are
needed for full implementation with partial implementation by March 1,
1975. . "-'.'
This measure requires that the fill nozzle be modified to prevent
vapor discharge to the atmosphere and to prevent overfills and spillage
when the nozzle is disconnected. All vapors must be directed to a vapor
recovery system that will recover 90 percent of the organic compounds
,.. . \
in the vapor.
II. Mobile Source Controls
a. Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program Light Duty and Heavy
Duty Vehicles
This measure reflects the reductions that will result from the emis-
sion standards for hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide that were mandated
for light duty vehicles by Congress in the Clean Air Act Amendments of
1970. The emission standards for heavy duty vehicles were established
by EPA regulation.
The reductions from light duty vehicles reflect the interim emis-
sion standards that were established on April 11, 1973 by the Adminis-
trator when he granted auto manufacturers a one-year suspension.
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The methodology used for determining the reductions from both
light duty and heavy duty vehicles is the same as that which is pre-
sented in "An Interim Report on Motor Vehicle Emission 'Estimation" of
May 1973. To account for growth it was assumed that the vehicle miles
*'',
travelled by all vehicles incerases at the 'rate of three percent per .,
year. /.' ' .
Estimates of the vehicle miles travelled (VMT) by light duty vehicles
and by gasoline fueled heavy duty vehicles (including medium duty trucks)
are those calculated by TRW, Inc'. in its report "Transportation'Control
Strategy Analysis for Selected Areas in the State of New Jersey" prepared
under Contract No. 068-02-0048. TRW assumed that 91.5 percent of the VMT
was from light duty vehicles and that 6.5 percent of the VMT was from
gasoline fueled heavy duty vehicles.
b. Inspection and Maintenance Programs - Light Duty Vehicles and
' Medium Duty. Trucks
, \
This .control jneasure is bas'ed on the. information presented in Appen-
dix N of 40 CFR 51 (38 FR 15197). Emission reductions for this strategy
are calculated using the proposed New Jersey idle inspection program
and mandatory maintenance (to be effective February 1, 1974). It is
the N.J. DEP's intention to have a final program with a 30 percent
failure rate.
EPA has analyzed all available data on the applicability of in-
spection/maintenance programs to medium duty vehicles (gross vehicle
weight between 6,000 and.10,000 pounds). It is EPA's determination
that inspection/maintenance programs as described in Appendix N are
applicable to vehicles with a GVW between 6,000 and 10,000 pounds.
The percent reductions as presented in Appendix N for light duty
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vehicles shall also apply to these vehicles.
Medium duty vehicles constitute 27 percent of the total truck
registrations in the New Jersey portion of the New Jersey-New York-
Connecticut Region. This data was obtained from'R. L. Polk § Company,
-< -'--
Motor Statistical Division. Therefore, this inspection/maintenance fi
//
program will effect only 27 percent of the truck population. All
vehicles less than 6,000 pounds will be required to be inspected
t
under the light duty regulation. , "
c. Retrofit with Exhaust Gas Recirculation Airbleed Systems -
Light Duty Vehicles and Medium Duty Vehicles
This contrpl measure for light duty vehicles is based upon data
analyzed by EPA. It is EPA's determination that this device will re-
duce exhaust HC emissions from light duty vehicles by 25 percent.
It is applicable to pre-1971 model years.
EPA had originally proposed retrofitting with vacuum spark advance
, \
disconnect (VSAD) devices. Howe'ver, it .was determined that VSAD devices
are riot applicable to 1969-1970 model year light duty vehicles. Since
the VSAD and the EGR-airbleed systems are capable of the same HC ex-
haust reductions (25 percent), the Regional Office replaced the VSAD
with the EGR-Airbleed device. The basis for this replacement was con-
sistency and ease of enforcement.
On August 28, 1973 MSPCP transmitted to the Regional Office infor-
mation on the applicability of EGR-Airbleed devices to medium duty
trucks. MSPCP analyzed the available data and not viable for these
vehicles due to high fuel penalties. The EGR-Airbleed device is
applicable to pre-1971 medium duty vehicles. Information received
from Perfert Circle Division, Dana Corporation on its EGR-Airbleed
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device (RETRONOX) indicates that its'cost is approximately $40.00-
60.00 installed.
A fuel economy improvement of 4'percent is associated with this
device. This would reduce operating costs.by $1.20 per 1,000 miles
i
of operation. .' . '
d. Retrofit with Oxidizing Catalytic Converter - Light Duty
Vehicles and Medium Duty Trucks
This control measure for light duty vehicles is based upon data
t
generated and analyzed by EPA. It is EPA's determination that an
oxidizing catalytic converter will reduce HC exhaust emissions from
1971-1974 model-year light duty vehicles by 50 percent. MSPCP has
further determined that an oxidizing catalytic converter will be
applicable to only 75 percent of the 1971-1974 model year light duty
vehicles. This limited applicability is caused by the operating
characteristices of certain engines.
At the request of the Regional Office, MSPCP investigated the
applicability of these oxidizing catalytic converter devices to medium-
duty trucks. MSPCP has determined that these devices are applicable to
trucks between 6,000 and 10,000 pounds GVW to the same extent that they
are applicable to light duty vehicles. The exhaust hydrocarbon emission
reduction is 50 percent.
Commercial vehicles that are less than 6,000 pounds are classified
as light duty vehicles. In calculating the reductions that will result
from this measure it is assumed that medium duty trucks are responsible
for 27 percent of the total VMT for heavy duty gasoline fueled vehicles.
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This assumption is based upon the fact that .27 percent of all trucks
registered in the nine northern counties of New Jersey are between
6,000 and 10,000 pounds GVW. This was determined from statistical
data purchased from the R. L. Polk and Co., Motor Statistical Division.
» ,
In the New Jersey portion of the New Jersey-New York-Connecticut:
A'
Region, commercial vehicles that have a GVW less than 10,000 pounds
represent 62.8 percent of the total commercial vehicle population.
>
EPA did not require that vehicles with a GVW greater than 10,000
pounds be retrofitted with emission control devices. The percentage
of vehicles over 10,000 Ibs GVW that are gasoline powered is estimated
to'.be small. Also, EPA does not have any data that indicate that retro-
fit devices are applicable to vehicles in that weight class. EPA, in
order to develop this data, is funding a demonstration grant to the New
York City Bureau of Motor Vehicle Pollution Control to screen and eval-
uate various retrofit devices for vehicles with a GVW in excess of
* - . *
10,000 pounds. - " -- ^
e. Prohibition of Truck Delivery and Pickup Between the Hours
of 6 a.m. and 11 a.m.
The original proposal for a ban on the daylight pickup and delivery
of goods has been modified to allow application of the restriction to
t
morning hours. Testimony at the hearings indicated that the full daylight
ban could impose severe hardships on some businesses and could lead to
excessive nighttime noise.
However, since hydrocarbon emissions in the morning hours are
estimated to have a greater role in the formation of photochemical
oxidants than those emitted during other parts of the day, an early
-------
morning pickup and delivery ban is estimated to have a greater air quality
improvement potential than would ordinarily be' expected. Since the ban
is applicable only during those months with late sunset'occurences, the
influence on nighttime noise is expected to be minimal.
The original proposal was further modified by prohibiting all pick-
ups and deliveries. Enforcing a prohibition of deliveries to establish-
ments employing 10 or more people is not realistic. . It is impossible to
determine whether a truck is making a delivery to or pickup at an estab-
lishment employing 10 or more people.
Motor Trucks in the Metropolis, a report prepared by Wilbur Smith
and Associates for the Motor Vehicles Manifacturer's Association in
August 1969, is an analysis of truck operations in the urban society.
This analysis shows that 50 percent of all truck trips originate between
the hours of 6 a.m. - 11 a.m. and that 60-70 percent of all these trips
are for pickup and delivery. From the facts, two assumptions are made
(i) that at least 50 percent of commercial vehicle. VMT occurs between
the hours of 6 a.m. and 11 a.m., and (ii) that at least 50 percent of the
hydrocarbon emissions are between 6 a.m. and 11 a.m.
To determine the impace of the delivery prohibition it is necessary
to prepare an emission inventory for hydrocarbon emissions for the period
of 6 a.m. to 11 a.m. To compile this inventory, it was necessary to
assume that all remaining emissions are emitted at a constant hourly rate
for the entire day. Therefore, between the hours of 6 a.m. to 11 a.m.,
50 percent of the heavy-duty (including medium duty) gasoline fueled
vehicle emissions of hydrocarbons and 20.8 percent (5/24) of the remain-
ing emissions occur.
-------
Prohibition of pickup and deliveries between these hours eliminates
70 percent of the hydrocarbon emissions from heavy-duty gasoline fueled
motor vehicles. Controls on the other sources of hydrocarbons are applied
in the same manner as they were in the yearly inventory.
.-'''
If this is accurate, then controls applied to hydrocarbon emissions
/'v
during the 6 a.m. to 11 a.m. time period are consequently more effective
in reducing ambient concentration of photochemical oxidants-in the after-
° . _*
noon hours.
e. VMT Reduction Measures
The reduction in vehicle miles traveled is necessary in New Jersey
portion of both-Regions. In the New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Region,
VMT reduction measures are a necessary control strategy for attainment
of the national standard for photochemical oxidants and an interim
measure for attainment of the national standards for carbon monoxide.
In the Metropolitan Philadelphia Region, VMT reduction measures are a
/ , *»
necessary measure "for attainment of the national- standards for photo-
chemical oxidants and carbon monoxide.
In the New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Region, the specific VMT re-
duction measures that EPA promulgated are the limitation of on-street
parking within certain CBD's (Newark), management of off-street parking
facilities, preferential bus/carpool treatment, employer's provisions
for mass transit carpool priority incentives, and a carpool matching and
promotion system. In the Metropolitan Philadelphia Region, EPA promul-
gated the same measures with the addition of a limited vehicle access
program for the critical area in downtown Trenton. EPA did not assign
any specific VMT reduction to each of these measures.
-------
EPA's estimates of the VMT reduction necessary for attainment of the
standards in the two regions are as follows: 'For. photochemical oxidants
the VMT reduction in the New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Region is 34
percent by May 31, 1977. For photochemical oxidants and carbon monoxide
-i 'P
the VMT reductions in the Metropolitan Philadelphia Region are 15 percent
/'/
and 58 percent respectively.
The measure.s promulgated by EPA in 'specific regulations will result
*
in some VMT reduction.within both Regions. However, the amount of VMT
reduction obtainable from these measures cannot yet be calculated. Quar-
terly reports on the VMT within the Regions that the State is required
to submit will be.used to analyze their actual effectiveness of these
measures in producing VMT reductions. Efforts will be made to determine
what additional VMT reductions might result from voluntary measures. If
the specified measures are not reducing the VMT by the necessary amount
then EPA will implement the contingency measure that will limit the sale
*. \
of gasoline within the Regions. ' "' . _
The total VMT reduction necessary to provide for achievement of the
national standard has been determined after taking into accounty the
maximum reductions in emissions reasonably obtainable from the applica-
tion of all other control measures. The difference between this value
and the total emissions reduction required to achieve the standard
becomes the basis for determining the emissions reduction that must coine
from the VMT measures. This difference is obtainable from those emis-
sions attributable to light-duty vehicles that remain after application
-------
of"all control measures that apply to this vehicle class. These measures
include the Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program, the inspection/mainten-
ance program, and the retrofit programs. The resulting'percentage is the
VMT reduction that is necessary.
The basic assumption in'this calculation is that there is a one-to-
.fs '
one relationship between VMT reductions and emissions reductions.
The following tables demonstrates the adequacy of EPA's transpor-
i
tation control plan to achieve the national standards for photochemical
oxidants and carbon monoxide in the New Jersey portion of the New Jersey-
New York-Connecticut and the Metropolitan Philadelphia Regions.
5.7
-------
TABLE 1
EFFECTS OF HYDROCARBON CONTROL
IN NEW JERSEY-NEW YORK-CONNECTICUT AQCR
MAY 31, -1975
EFFECTS
Strategy
Stationary source emissions
without control strategy
Expected reductions:
Control of petroleum storage tanks
Control of solvent emissions from
dry cleaning
Gasoline marketing vapor controls
Other stationary source controls
Emissions remaining
Aircraft emissions without '
control strategy
^.pected reductions
Emissions remaining
Mobile source emissions without
control strategy
Expected reductions :
FMVCP-LDVs
FMVCP-HDVs
Inspection/Maintenance-LDVs
Inspection/Maintenance-MDVs
EGR-Airbleed retrofit-LDVs
Oxidizing catalyst retrofit-LDVs
Retrofit-MDVs
Exclusion in delivery trips
Reduction in VMT
Emissions remaining
Total emissions without control
strategy
Total reductions
Emission reduction required
Tons /Year
(24-Hour
Period)
i
116,310
42,723
7,167
10,074
8,229
48,117
17,575
0
17,575
294,982
89,315
2,883
11,003
716
15,489
13,545
1,869
0
84,328a
75,834
428,867
287,341
Tons /Year '..
(6-11 a.m.
.1 Period)
"
»
,'
A24, 231
8*, 886
-
1,491
2,095
1,712
10,047
3,656
0
3,656
72,039
18,607
1,442
2,292
358
3,222 -
2,817
935
10,891
12,202b
19,273
99,926
66,950
Percent reduction
due to each measure
(Col. 2)
/,
" 8'9 ,
1.5
2-.1
1.7
.
\
18.6
1.4
2.3
0.4
3.2-
2.8
0.9
10.9
12.2
66.9
67.0
uates to a 68 percent VMT reduction
quates to a 48 percent VMT reduction
-------
TABLE 2
EFFECTS OF HYDROCARBON CONTROL
IN NEW JERSEY-NEW YORK-CONNECTICUT AQCR
MAY 31, 1977
EFFECTS
Strategy
Tons/Year
(24-Hour
Period)
Tons/Year -
(6-11 'a.m.
1 'Period)
Percent reduction
due to each ceasure
(Col. 2)
Stationary source emissions
without control strategy 116,310
Expected reductions:
Control of petroleum storage tanks 42,723
Control of solvent emissions from --
dry cleaning ' 7,167
Gasoline marketing vapor controls 10,074
Other stationary source controls 8,229
Emissions remaining . , . 48,117
Aircraft emissions without
control strategy 17,575
reductions 0
Emissions remaining 17,575
Mobile source emissions without
^control strategy '294,982
Expected reductions:
FMVCP-LDVs
FMVCP-HDVs
Inspection/Maintenance-LDVs
Inspection/Maintenance-MDVs
EGR-Airbleed retrofit-LDVs
Oxidizing catalyst retrofit-LDVs
Retrofit-MDVs
Exclusion in delivery trips
Reduction in VMT
Emissions remaining 75,834
Total emissions without control
strategy 428,867
Total reductions 287,341
Emission reduction required
uates to a 58 percent VMT reduction
quates to a 34 percent VMT reduction
24,231
8,886
1,491
2,095
1,712
10,047
3,656
0
3,656
72,039
19,273
99,926
66,950
8.9
1.5
2.1
1.7
129,290 '
3,578
8,258
850
9,414
11,149
1,417
0
55,192*
26,892
.1,789
1,718
425
1,958
2,319
295
10,759
6,61lb
26.9
1.8
1.7
0.4
2.0
2.3
0.3
10.8
6.6
67
67
-------
TABLE 3
EFFECTS OF CARBON MONOXIDE CONTROL
IN NEW JERSEY-NEW YORK-CONNECTICOT AQCR
(ESSEX COUNTY), MAY 31, 1975
- EFFECTS,
Strategy tons/year % reduction
Mobile source emissions without control ,-,r
strategy . 240,699 '
,>
*/ '
Expected reductions: . /
FMVCP-LDVs . . 54,050 -21.3
FMVCP-HDVs -2,540 -1.0
Inspection/maintenance-LDVs 12,538 "4.9
EGR-Airbleed retrofit _ 59,680 23.5'
Emissions remaining .
Aircraft emissions without control strategy 9,881
Expected reductions ". 0
Aircraft emissions remaining 9,881
^tationary source emissions without control
strategy 2,593
Expected reductions 0
^
Emissions remaining , 2,593 v.
Total emissions .without control strategy 253,173 -
Total reductions . 123,728 50.6
Total emissions remaining 129,445
Emissions reduction required 47.0
-------
TABLE 4
EFFECTS OF CARBON MONOXIDE CONTROL
IN NEW JERSEY-NEW YORK-CONNECTICUT AQCR
(ESSEX COUNTY), 'AUGUST 1, 1976
EFFECTS
Strategy tons/year' % reduction
Mobile source emissions without control .
strategy 240^699
1
Expected reductions: \;
FMVCP-LDVs '74,310 29.4
FMVCP-HDVs - -3,312 -1.3
Inspection/maintenance-LDVs " 10,^14 4.3
EGR-Airbleed retrofit 37,077 ' 14".6
VMT reduction _ ,
Emissions remaining ' 121,710
Aircraft emissions without control strategy 9,881
i
Expected reductions ". - 0
Aircraft emissions remaining 9,881
^pationary source emissions without control
strategy 2,593
Expected reductions 0
Emissions remaining .... 2,593 ^
*!>.
Total emissions without control strategy 253,173
Total reductions > 118,989 47.0
Total emissions remaining 134,184
Emissions reduction required 47.0
-------
TABLE 5
EFFECTS OF HYDROCARBON CONTROLS
IN METROPOLITAN PHILADELPHIA AQCR
MAY 31, 1975
EFFECTS
Strategy tons/year % reduction
Mobile source emissions without controls 85,892
Expected reductions:
FMVCP-LDVs 26,, 334 22.2
FMVCP-HDVs . .'*' 962 0.8
Inspection/maintenance - 2,951 2.4
EGR-Airbleed retrofit-LDVs 4,155 3.5
Oxidizing catalyst retrofit-LDVs 3,637 " 3."0
VMT reductions (33 percent) 12,782 10.8
Emissions remaining 35,071
Aircraft emissions without controls 1,809
Expected reductions
Emissions remaining 1,809
tationary source emissions without
ritrols 30,500
Expected reductions:
Gasoline marketing vapor controls 3,334 2.8
Control of solvent emissions 1,399 1.2 -
f
Emissions remaining 25,767
Total emissions without control strategy 118,201
Total reductions 55,554
Total emissions remaining 62,647 47.0
Emissions reduction required 47.0
-------
TABLE 6
EFFECTS OF HYDROCARBON CONTROLS
IN METROPOLITAN PHILADLEPHIA AQCR
MAY 31, 1977
'EFFECTS
Strategy tons/year % reduction
Mobile source emissions without controls 85,892
Expected reductions:
FMVCP-LDVs 37,640 . 31.8
FMVCP-HDVs /1,217 1.0
Inspection/maintenance ,2,217 1.9
EGR-Airbleed retrofit-LDVs ' 2,336 2.0
Oxidizing catalyst retrofit-LDVs 3,1:78 2.7-
VMT reductions (15 percent) 4,233 3.6
Emissions remaining 35,701
Aircraft emissions without controls 1,809
Expected reductions
Emissions remaining 1,809
ationary source emissions without
introls 30,500
Expected reductions:
Gasoline marketing vapor controls 2.8
Control of solvent emissions' 1.2
Emissions remaining 25,767 ' :
Total emissions without control strategy 118,201
Total reductions 55,554
Total emissions remaining 62,647 47.0
Emission reduction required 47.0
-------
TABLE 7
EFFORTS OF CARBON MONOXIDE CONTROL
IN METROPOLITAN PHIALDELPHIA AQCR
(CAMDEN COUNTY),'MAY 31, 1975
EFFECTS
Strategy : tons/year % reduction
Mobile source emissions without control strategy 140,938
4 ',
Expected reductions: ' - <
FMVCP-LDVs si 31,500 22.1
FMVCP-HDVs 1,480 1.0
Inspection/maintenance-LDVs ' 7,307 5.1
EGR-Airbleed retrofit - 27,474 . 19.3
VMT reduction - -/--
Emissions remaining '.- 71,585
Aircraft emissions without control strategy None
Expected reductions ,. -. '
Aircraft emissions remaining '
^tationary source emission without control
^rategy 1,400
Expected reductions 0
f*
Stationary source emissions remaining 1,400
,. . ^
f
Total emissions without control strategy - 142,341
Total reductions ' 64,801 45.5
Total emissions remaining 77,540
Emissions reduction required 43.0
-------
TABLE 8
EFFECTS OF CARBON MONOXIDE CONTROL
IN METROPOLITAN PHILADELPHIA AQCR
(CAMDEN COUNTY), AUGUST 1, 1976
Strategy
EFFECTS
tons/year % reduction
Mobile source emissions without control strategy
Expected reductions:
FMVCP-LDVs
FMVCP-HDVs
Inspection/maintenance-LDVs
EGR-Airbleed retrofit
VMT reduction
Emissions remaining
Aircraft emissions without control strategy
Expected reductions . -.
Aircraft emissions remaining
source emissions without control
rategy
Expected reductions
r*
Stationary source emissions remaining
» *
Total emissions without control strategy
Total reductions
Total emissions remaining
Emissions reduction required
140,938
43,310
-1,922
6,357
21,608.
71,585
None
1,400
0
1,400
142,341
69,353
81,134
30.4
-1.4
4.5
15.2
48.7
43.0
-------
TABLE 9
EFFECTS OF CARBON MONOXIDE CONTROL
IN METROPOLITAN PHILADELPHIA AQCR
(MERCER COUNTY), May 31, 1975
.,. EFFECTS
Strategy ' tons/year % reduction
Mobile source emissions without control strategy
t
Expected reductions:
FMVCP-LDVs '*/
FMVCP-HDVs
Inspection/raaintenance-LDVs
EGR- Airbleed retrofit-LDVs
Oxidizing catalytic retrofit-LDVs
Limited access program . '
Emissions remaining
Aircraft emissions without control strategy
Expected reductions
Aircraft emissions remaining
Blationary source emissions without control
strategy
Expected reductions
Emissions remaining '"" ,,
Total emissions without control strategy
Total reductions
Total emissions remaining
Emission reduction required
103,800
^
23,253 21.2
-1,121 . -1.0 .
5,397 4.8
' 20,285 - 18.3
. 7,841 , 7.2
21,607 19.5
26,538
., 5,499
0
5,499
1,076
0
1,076
110,375
-' 77,262 70.0
33,113
70.0
-------
TABLE 10
EFFECTS OF CARBON MONOXIDE CONTROL
IN METROPOLITAN PHILADELPHIA AQCR
CMERCER COUNTY), MAY 31, 1977
EFFECTS
Strategy ' tons/year % reduction
Mobile source emissions without control strategy
4
Expected reductions:
FMVCP-LDVs ;,
FMVCP-HDVs . //;
Inspection/maintenance-LDVs
EGR-Airbleed retrofit-LDVs
Oxidizing catalytic retrofit-LDVs
Limited access program
Emissions remaining
Aircraft emissions without
. Expected reductions
Aircraft emissions remaining
tationary source emissions without control
r'ategy
Expected reductions
Emissions remaining
Total emissions without control strategy
Total reductions
Total emissions remaining
Emissions reduction required
103,-800
' rf
35,845 32.5 ''
-1,795 -1.6
4,625 ' 4.2
15,280 13.8
6,924: " 6.3
16,383 14.8'
26,538
5,499
0
5,499
1,076
0
1,076
110,375
77,262 70.0
33,113
70.0
-------
References
1. Tri State Regional Planning Commission
Urban Corridor Demonstration Program
Interstate 495 Exclusive Bus Lane
July,1972
2. Tri State Regional Planning Commission.-,
Regional Profile '
Truck Transportation ;./
January,1968
3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
"Predution of the Effects of Transportation Controls
on Air Quality in Maj.or Metropolitan Areas"
November,1972
4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
"Transportation Controls to Reduce Motor Vehicle
Emissions in Major Metropolitan Areas" /
December,1972 ".
5. Wilbur Smith and Associates
"Motor Trucks in the Metropolis"
August,1969
6. U.S. Department of Commerce
1970 Census of Population: Journey to Work
June,1973
7. R.H. Pratt Associates, Inc."for the U.S. D.Q.T.
"Low Cost Urban Transportation Alternatives:
A Study of Ways to Increase theEffectiveness
of Existing Transportation Facilities1'
Volumes I § II
January, 1973
-------
New Jersey - Emission Inventory
' New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Air Quality Control Region
Mobile Sources
Light duty
Heavy duty - gas
Heavy duty - diesel
Aircraft
Railroad
Vessels
Stationary Sources
Fuel Combustion
Process
Storage Tanks
Fixed Roof
Floating Roof
Solvents
Incineration
Gasoline Evaporation
TOTAL
Hydrocarbons
Tons/Yr.
- 252,785
36,584
2,527
17,575
'1,110
1,976
4,593
34,823
45,178
. ' ' -4,590
'% of Total
59
9
1
4
Negligible
Negligible
1
8
11
1
2
1
3
100
6,101
12,593
428,867*
Reductions Needed = 67%
Allowable Emissions = 428,876(i-0".67~=~T41,~526 ton/yr.*
* This figure is the normalized emission rate for heavy duty gasoline
fueled vehicles. It reflects the fact that 50% of the emissions are
emitted between 6-11 am. When normalized over a full year, these 6-11 am
emissions actually represent an emission rate of 87,801 tons/yr. All
reductions will be based on this number.
3i
-------
CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR ACHIEVEMENT OF PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDANT STANDARD
BY MAY 31, 1975 IN THE NEW JERSEY PORTION OF THE MEW JERSEY-NEW YORK-
CONNECTICUT AIR QUALITY CONTROL REGION
I. Stationary Source Controls t' '* / -
a. Control of storage tanks
Strategy: Convert all fixed roof storage tanks to floating roof
tanks. /' ' ;,
Basis: Emission factors taken from_ AP-42; Point source data
from NEDS and fromjmblie hearing testimony.
- Effect: Reduces emissions 85.8% from 49,768 tons/yr to-7,045.
Reduces total HC emissions by 9.9%
i
Source . ' ' ' -;"' Current Emissions Emissions After Conversion
Chevron Oil ' 6,766 101
Humble Oil-Union 32,461 1,011
Humble Oil-Hudson 5,951 1,345
Total 47,676 4,953
Existing Floating Roof 4,590 . . 4,590
49,768- 7,045
Total HC reduction from Strategy I(a): 42,723 tons/yr. On a 6 to 11 a.m.
basis, the yearly reduction is 8,886 tons.
b. Control of organic solvent usage in dry cleaning
Strategy: Require that all users of organic solvents for dry
cleaning reduce emissions of both photochemically reactive and
non-reactive hydrocarbons by 85 percent.
Basis: LACPCD Rule No. 66 modified to reflect New Jersey De-
partment of Environmental Protection's proposed Chapter 16 for
control of total hydrocarbons.
3T
-------
Effect: This will reduce HC by 85 percent from solvent users.
. Reductions in. solvent emissions will be 7,167 tons/yr. On a
6 to 11 a.m. basis, the yearly reduction is 1,491 tons.
c. Other stationary source controls ..'..'
Strategy: Require that all paint: users, dyers, and printers
reduce emissions of photochemically reactive and non-reactive
emissions by 85 percent. -
Basis: LACPCD Rule No. 66 modified* to reflect New Jersey De-
partment of Environmental Protection's proposed Chpater 16 for
.. *
control of total hydrocarbons.
Effect: This will reduce HC emissions by 85 percent from this
source category. Reduction in emissions will be 8,229 tons/yr.
On a 6 to 11 a.m. basis, the yearly reduction will be 1,712 tons.
d. Gasoline marketing vapor controls
Strategy: Require the organic vapors emitted during gasoline
transfer operations ,be reduced by 80 percent. \
. Basis: EPA estimates of available technology.
Effect: This will reduce HC emissions by 10,074 tons/yr. On
a 6 to 11 a.m. basis, the yearly reduction is 2,095 tons.
II. Mobile Source Controls
a. Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program-Light Duty Vehicles
Strategy: This strategy replaces older, more polluting vehicles
with newer, less polluting vehicles. These reductions include
the interim standards established by the Administrator on April
11, 1973.
-------
Basis: An'Interim Report on Motor Vehicle Emission Estimation
of May 1973 and Transportation Control Strategy Analysis for
Selected Areas in the State of New Jersey prepared by TRW under
t . '
Contract Number 068-02-0048 Task Order 18.
Effect: This will reduce HC emissions from this source category
^
by 89,315 tons/yr. On a 6 to 11/a.m. basis, the yearly reduction
is 18,607 tons. .
b. Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program-MDVs and HDVs '
Strategy: This strategy,-replaces older, more polluting(heavy
duty vehicles (gas fueled) with newer, less polluting vehicles.
Basis: Same,as. Strategy II (a.)
Effed't; This will reduce HC emissions from this source category
by 2,883 tons/yr. On a 6 to 11 a.m. basis, the yearly reduction
is 1,442 tons.
c. .Inspection/Maintenance Programs-Light Duty Vehicles
Strategy: To inspedt- annually in-use light duty motor Vehicles
' so as to identify the "gross emitters". These "gross emitters"
must then have their vehicles serviced and reinspected.
Basis: Appendix N of 40CFR51
Effect: This will reduce HC emissions from this source category
by 11,003 tons/yr. On a 6 to 11 a.m. basis, the yearly reduction
is 2,292 tons.
-------
d. Inspection/Maintenance Program - Medium Duty Vehicles
Strategy: To inspect medium vehicles semi-annually so as to
identify the "gross emitters". These "gross emitters" will
' / '
have to be serviced and rein'spected. It is necessary to assume
that 27% of HDV's VMT is due to medium duty vehicles. This is
in line with information received, from the New Jersey Motor "'
/' '.
Truck Association. .- -
Basis: this will reduce HC emissions from this source category
*
by 716 tons/yr. tin a 6 to fl a.m. basis, the yearly reduction
: '
._ 4
is 358 tons. .
e. Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) - Airbie'ed Retrofit-Pre 1971 LDVs
Strategy: To require in-use pre 1971 model year light duty
motor vehicles to be retrofitted with EGR-Airbleed devices.
Basis: EPA data indicate that this device will reduce HC exhaust
emissions by 25 percent from these model years.
Effect: This will reduce HC emissions from this sourcQ category
by 15,489 "tons/yr. On a 6 to li a.m. basis, this will reduce -
yearly emissions by 3,322 .tons/year.
f. Oxidizing Catalytic Converter Retrofit - 1971-1974 LDVs
Strategy: To require in-use 1971-1974 model year light duty
vehicles to be retrofitted with oxidizing catalytic converters.
Basis: Appendix N of 40CFR51. This device will reduce HC
exhaust emissions by 50 percent from these specific model years.
Effect: This will reduce HC emissions from this source category
by 13,545 tons/yr. On a 6 to 11 a.m. basis, this will reduce
emissions by 2,817 ton/yr.
-------
' £ EGR-Airbleed and Oxidizing Catalytic Converter Retrofit of MDTs
Strategy: To require that pre 1971 model year light and medium
duty vehicles be retrofitted with an EGR-Airbleed device and that
1971-1974 model year medium vehicles be -retroffited with oxidizing
catalytic converters, The catalytic converter retrofit can be
applied to only 75 percent of the 1971-1974 model year vehicles
in these categories.
Basis: Data collected and analyzed by EPA's Office of Mobile
Source Pollution Control Programs.
E f f_e_ct; This will reduce HC emissions from this source category
by 1,869'tons/yr. On a 6 to 11 a.m. basis this will reduce
emissions by 935 tons/yr.
h. Prohibition of Delivery Trips Between the Hours of 6 'a.m. and 11 a.m.
Strategy: To prohibit pickup and delivery trips by commercial
vehicles between the hours of 6 a.m and 11 a.m.
Basis: Emissions of hydrocarbons during this time period contri-
butes significantly to afternoon (12 to 3 p.m.) concentrations of
photochemical oxidants.
Effect: This will reduce HC emissions from this source category
by 10,891 toris/yr. On a 6 to 11 a*.m. basis. On a yearly basis
the reduction will be nothing.
i. Reduction of Vheicle Miles Travelled by Light Duty Vehicles
Strategy: To reduce VMT of light duty vehicles.
Basis: Reduction of VMT will reduce emissions of HC directly.
Effect:: This will reduce emissions from this source category
by 84,328 tons/yr. On a 6 to 11 a.m. masis the reduction will
be 12,202 tons/yr.
-------
CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR ACHIEVEMENT OF PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDANT STANDARD
BY MAY 31, 1977 IN THE NEW JERSEY PORTION OF THE NEW JERSEY-NEW YORK-
CONNECTICUT AIR QUALITY CONTROL .REGION
* * ' r f -
I. Stationary Source Controls I(a)-'(d) will bring about the same
reductions as in the May 31, 1975 plan. Total reduction will
be 68,193 tons/yr. On a 6 to 11 a.m^basis the reduction will ''
/;
be 14,184 tons/yr. . / - '
II. Mobile Source Controls
.*
a. Federal Motor Vehi'cle Control Program-Light Duty Vehicles
Strategy: This strategy replaces older, more polluting vehicles
with newer, less polluting vehicles., these reductions include
the interim standards established by the Administrator on April
11, 1973.
Basis; An Interim Report on Motor Vehicle Emissions Estimation
of May 1973 and Transportation Control Strategy Analysis for
Selected Areas in the State of New Jersey prepared by TRW under
.. . ' Contract Number 068-02-0048 Task Order 18. - -
Effect: This will reduce HC emissions from this source category
by 129,290 tons/yr. On a 6 to 11 a.m. basis the reduction will
be 26,892 tons/yr.
b. Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program-Heavy Duty Vehicles
Strategy: This strategy replaces older, more polluting heavy duty
vehicles (gas fueled) with newer, less polluting vehicles.
Basis: Same as Strategy III(a)
Effect: This will reduce HC emissions from this source category
by 3,578 tons/yr. On a 6 to 11 a.m. basis the reduction will be
1,789 tons/yr.
-------
c. Inspection/Maintenance Program-Light Duty Vehicles
Strategy: To inspect annually in-use light duty motor vehicles
so as to identify the "gross emitters". These "gross emitters"
' * /
f
must them have their vehicles serviced and reinspected.
Basi£: Appendix N of 40CFR51. _ *'>,
/
ff
Effect: This will reduce HC emissions from this source category
by 8,258 tons/yr. On a 6 to 11 a.m. basis the reduction will be
1,718 tons/yr. . .
d. Inspection/Maintenance Program-MediumDuty Trucks . '_
Strategy: To inspect LDTs and MDTs semi-annual so as to identify
the "gross emitters". These "gross .emitters" will have to be
serviced and reinspected. It is necessary to assume.that 27 percent
of HDVs' VMT is due to medium trucks. This is in line with informa-
tion received from the New Jersey Truck Association.
Basis: Data collected and analyzed by EPA's Office of Mobile
Source Pollution Control Program. ^
Effect: This will reduce HC emissions from this source category
by 859 tons/yr. On a 6 to 11 a.m. basis the reduction will be
425 tons/yr.
e. Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) - Airbleed Retrofit - Pre 1971 LDVs
Strategy: To require in-use pre 1971 model year light duty motor
vehicles to be retrofitted with EGR-Airbleed devices.
Basis; EPA data indicates that this device will reduce HC exhaust
emissions by 25 percent from these model years.
Effect: This will reduce HC emissions from this source category
by 9,414 tons/yr. On a 6 to 11 a.m. basis the reduction will be
1,958 tons/yr.
-------
£. Oxidizing Catalytic Converter Retrofit - 1971-1974 LDVs
Strategy: To require in-use 1971-1974 model year light duty
vehicles to be retrofitted with oxidizing catalytic converters
' " * / '
Basis: Appendix N of 40CFRS1. This device will reduce HC exhaust
emissions by 50 percent from thes.e .specific model year.
i
Effect: This will reduce HC emissions from this source category
/';'
by 11,149 tons/yr. On a 6 to 11 a.m. basis the reduction will be
2,319 tons/yr/ * "
f*
g. EGR-Airbleedand Oxidizing Catalytic Converter Retrofit of MDTs
Strategy: To require that pre 1971 model year light and medium
duty trucks be retrofitted with an .EGR-Airbleed device and that
1971-1974 model year medium trucks be retrofitted with oxidizing
catalytic converters. The catalytic converter retrofit can be
applied to only 75 percent of the 1971-1974 model year vehicles
in these categories.
Basis: Data collected and analyzed by EPA's Office of ..Mobile
Source Pollution Control Programs. -
Effect: This will reduce HC emissions from this source category
by 1,417 tons/yr. On a 6 to 11 a.m. basis the reduction will be
295 tons/yr.
h. Prohibition of Delivery Trips Between the Hours of 6 a.m. and 11 a.m.
Strategy: To prohibit pickup and delivery by commercial vehicles
between the hours of 6 a.m. and 11 a.m.
Basis: Emissions of hydrocarbons during this time period contribute
significantly to late afternoon concentrations of photochemical
oxidants
Effect: On a 6 to 11 a.m. basis this will reduce HC emissions from
this source category by 10,759 tons/yr. On a yearly basis the
reduction will be nothing
-------
' i. Reduction of Vehicle Miles Travelled by Light Duty Vehicles
Strategy: To reduce VMT of light duty vehicles.
Basis: Reduction of VMT will reduce emissions -of HC directly.
Effect: This will reduce emissions from this source category by
55,192 tons/yr. On a 6 to 11 a.m. basis the reduction will be
. 6,611 tons/yr.
-------
New Jersey - Emission Inventory
Essex County: New Jersey-New York-Connecticut AQGR
Carbon Monoxide
, Tons/Yr.' ' % of Total
Mobile Sources
Light duty 210,742 83
Heavy duty - gas '27,880 11,
Heavy duty - dies el 1 ,.947 ^ 1
Aircraft 9,881 4
Railroad 130 Negligible
Vessels 0
Stationary Sources
Fuel Combustion 0
Process 0
Incineration 2,595 1
. TOTAL 253,173 100
Reduction .Needed: .47% This value.is based on air quality data recorded
in Essex County. Due to the controls needed to
meet the oxidant standard, the mobile source
strategies presented for Essex County will produce
similiar reductions throughout the rest of the region.
Allowable Emissions = 253,173(1-0.47) = 134,182 tons/yr.
-------
CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR ACHIEVEMENT. OF CARBON MONOXIDE STANDARD BY
MAY 31, 1975 IN ESSEX COUNTY OF THE. NEW YORK-NEW JERSEY-CONNECTICUT
AIR QUALITY CONTROL REGION .
I. Mobile Source Controls
a. Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program - LDVs
r
Strategy: This strategy replaces older, more polluting vehicles
/'/
with newer, less polluting vehicles. These reductions include
the interim standards established by the Administrator on April
.*
11, 1973. '
^ «
Basis: An Interim Report on Motor Vehicle Emission Estimation of
May, 1973 and Transportation Control.Strategy Analysis for Selected
Areas in the State of New Jersey by TRW, Inc. under Contract
Number 068-02-0048 Task Order 18.
Effect: This will reduce HC emissions from this source category
by 54,050 tons/year.
b. Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program - HDVs v
i
Strategy: 'Same as Strategy I(a)' '
Basis: Same as Strategy I(a)
Effect: This strategy will increase CO emissions from this source
category due to VMT increases. This increase will be 2,540 tons/yr.
c. Inspection/Maintenance Programs - LDVs
Strategy: To inspect annually in-use light duty motor vehicles so
as to identify the "gross emitters". These "gross emitters" must
then have their vehicles serviced and reinspected.
Basis: Appendix N of 40CFR51.
Effect: This will reduce CO emissions from this source category by
12,538 tons/yr.
-------
d. Exhaust Gas Recirculation(EGR) - Airbleed Retrofit-Pre-1971 LDVs
Strategy: To require in-use pre 1971 model year light duty
f
vehicles to be retrofitted with EGR rAirbleed -devices
Basis: EPA data indicate that this device will reduce CO exhaust
?
emissions by 50 percent from these model years.
Effect: This will reduce CO emissions from this source category
by 59,680 tons/yr.
-------
CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR ACHIEVEMENT OF CARBON MONOXIDE STANDARD BY
AUGUST 1, 1976 IN ESSEX COUNTY OF THE NEW YORK-NEW JERSEY-CONNECTICUT
AIR QUALITY CONTROL REGION
I. Mobile Source Controls
a. Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program - -LDVs
.t *,
Strategy: This strategy replaces older,"more polluting vehicles
with newer, less polluting vehicles. These reductions include
the interim standards established by the Administrator on April
11, 1973. _ ' - -'
Basis: An Interim Report on Motor Vehicle Emission Estimation of
May, 1973 and Transportation Control Strategy Analysis for Selected
Areas in the-State of New Jersey by TRW, Inc. under Contract
Number 068-02-0048 Task Order 18.
Effect; This will reduce HC emissions from this source category
by 74,310 tons/year.
b. Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program - HDVs
Strategy: Same as Strategy I(a)
Basis: Same as Strategy I(a)
Effect: This strategy will increase CO emissions from this source
category due to VMT increases. This increase will be 3,312 tons/yr.
c. Inspection/Maintenance Programs - LDVs
Strategy: To inspect annually in-use light duty motor vehicles so
as to identify the "gross emitters". These "gross emitters" must
then have their vehicles serviced and reinspected.
Basis: Appendix N of 40CFR51.
Effect: This will reduce CO emissions from this source category by
10,914 tons/yr/
-------
d- Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)-Airbleed Retrofit-Pre-1971 LDVs
Strategy: To require in-use pre-1971 model year light duty
vehicles to be retrofitted with EGR-Airbleed de.vices
Basis: EPA data indicate that this" devic.e will reduce CO exhaust
emissions by 50 percent from these model-years.
Effect: This will reduce CO emissions from this source category
by 37,077 tons/yr.
e. VMT Reductions ' -*
Strategy: To reduce the -VMT of light duty motor vehicles within
. the Newark CBD
Basis: Reducing VMT reduces the emissions of exhaust carbon
monoxide within the critical area.
Effect: .No effect is clained. These measures that reduce VMT
are necessary for the 14 month extension in the attainment date
for the national standards.
-------
New Jersey - Emission Inventory
Metropolitan Philadelphia AQCR
Hydrocarbons
tons/Yr.
% x>f Total
Stationary Sources
Fuel Combustion
Process
Storage Tanks
Fixed Roof
Floating Roof
Solvents
Incineration . .
Gasoline Evaporation .
Mobile Sources
Light duty vehicle
Heavy duty vehicles - gas
Heavy duty vehicles - dies'el,
Aircraft
Railroads
Vessels
TOTAL 118,201 tons/yr 100
1970 air quality value for photochemical oxidants = 0.145 ppm.
Reduction needed: 47%
Allowable emissions ° 62,647 tons/yr.
- 907
15','d55
0.
7,410
1,646
1,778''
3,704
72,708
10,340
797
1,809
271:
1,776
Negligible
13
-
6
1
2
3
62
9
'v.
Negligible
2
Negligible
2
-------
CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR ACHIEVEMENT OF PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDANT STANDARD BY
MAY 31, 1975 IN THE NEW JERSEY PORTION OF THE METROPOLITAN PHILADELPHIA
AIR. QUALITY 'CONTROL REGION
,'
I. Mobile Source Controls
a. Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program - LDVs
Strategy: To replace older, more polluting vehicles with newer,
less polluting ones.' - ^
»
- /':
Basis: An Interim Report on Motor Vehicle Emission Estimation of
May, 1973 and Transportation Control Strategy Analysis for Selected
*
Areas in the State .of New Jersey by TRW, Inc. under Contract Number
068-02-0048 Task Order 18.
Effect: This will reduce HC emissions from this source category
't
by 26,334 tons/year.
b. Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program - HDVs
Strategy: Same as in I(a)
Basis: Same as in I(a)
Effect: This will reduce HC emissions from this source category by
962 tons/year " - -
c. Inspection/Maintenance Program - LDVs
Strategy: To inspect annually in-use duty vehicles so as to
identify the "gross emitters". These "gross emitters" must then
have their cars serviced and reinspected.
Basis; Appendix N of 40CFR51
Effect: This will reduce HC emissions from this source category
by 2,951 tons/year.
-------
d. Exhaust Gas Recirculation(EGR)-Airbleed Retrofit-Pre 1971 LDVs
Strategy: To require in-use pre 1971 model year light duty
motor vehicles to be retrofitted with EGR-airbleed devices.
Basis: EPA data indicate that this device will reduce HC
exhaust emissions by 25 percent from these model years.
Effect: This will reduce HC emissions from this source
category by 4,155 tons/yr.
e. Oxidizing Catalytic Convertor Retrofit-1971-1974 LDVs
Strategy: To require in-use 1971-1974 model year light duty
vehicles to be retrofitted with oxidizing catalytic converters.
Basis: Appendix N of 40CFR51. This device will reduce HC exhaust
emissions by 50 percent from these specific model years.
Effect: This will reduce HC emissions from this source category
by 3,637 tons/yr.
f. Reduct of Vehicle Miles Travelled by Light Duty Vehicles
Strategy: To reduce VMT of light duty vehicles
Basis: Reduction of VNfT will reduce total hydrocarbons emitted
by LDVs
Effect: This will reduce HC emissions from this source category
by 12,782 tons/year .;
-------
II. Stationary Source Controls
a. Control of Solvent Emissions
Strategy: Require that all users of organic solvents reduce
emissions of total hydrocarbons by 85 percent
Basis: LACPCD Rule No. 66 modified to reflect the New Jersey
Department of Environmental Protection's proposed Chapter 16
for control of total hydrocarbons.
Effect: This will reduce HC emissions emissions from this source
category by 3,334 tons/year.
b. Gasoline Marketing Controls
Strategy: Require that the organic vapors emitted during gasoline
transfer operations by reduced by 80 percent.
Basis; EPA estimates fo available technology.
Effect: This will reduce HC emissions from this source category
by 1,399 tons/yr.
-------
CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR ACHIEVEMENT OF PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDANT STANDARD BY
MAY 31, 1977 IN THE NEW JERSEY PORTION OF THE METROPOLITAN PHILADELPHIA
AIR QUALITY CONTROL REGION
I. Mobile Source Controls
a. Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program - LDVs
Strategy: To replace older, more polluting vehicles with newer,
less polluting ones.
Basis; An Interim Report on Motor Vehicle Emission Estimation of
May, 1973 and Transportation' Control Strategy Analysis for Selected
Areas in the State of New Jersey by TRW, Inc. under Contract Number
068-02-0048 Task Order 18.
Effect: This will reduce HC emissions from this source category
by 37,640 tons/year.
b. Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program - HDVs
Strategy: Same as in I(a)
Basis: Same as in I(a)
Effect: This will reduce HC emissions from this source category by
1,217 tons/year.
c. Inspection/Maintenance Program - LDVs
Strategy: To inspect annually in-use light duty vehicles so as to
identify the "gross emitters". These "gross emitters" must then
have their cars serviced and reinspected.
Basis: Appendix N of 40CFR51
Effect: This will reduce HC emissions from this source category
by 2,217 tons/year.
-------
d. Exhaust Gas Recirculation(EGR)-Airblee_d Retrofit-Pre 1971 LDVs
Strategy: To require in-use pre 1971 model year light duty
motor vehicles to be retrofitted with EGR-airbleed devices
Basis: EPA data indicate that this device will reduce HC
exhaust emissions by 25 percent from these model years.
Effect: This will reduce HC emissions from this source
category by 2,336 tons/yr.
e. Oxidizing Catalytic Converter Retrofit-1971-1974 LDVs
Strategy: To require in-use 1971-1974 model year light duty
vehicles to be retrofitted with oxidizing catalytic converters.
Basis: Appendix N of 40CFR51. This device will reduce HC
exhaust emissions by 50 percent from these specific model years.
Effect: This will reduce HC emissions from this source category
by 3,178 tons/yr.
f. Reduct of Vehicle Miles travelled by Light Duty Vehicles
Strategy: To reduce VMT of light duty vehicles
Basis: Reduction of VMT will reduce total hydrocarbons
emitted by LDVs
Effect; This will reduce HC emissions from this source
category by 4,233 tons/yr. This is a 15 percent reduction
in VMT.
-------
II. Stationary Source Controls
a. Control of Solvent Emissions
Strategy: Require that all users of organic solvents reduce
emissions of total hydrocarbons by 85 percent
Basis: LACPCD Rule No. 66 modified to reflect the New Jersey
Department of Environmental Protection's proposed Chapter 16
for control of total hydrocarbons.
Effect: This will reduce HC emissions emissions from this
source category by 3,334 tons/yr.
b. Gasoline Marketing Controls
Strategy: Require that the organic vapors emitted during
gasoline transfer operations by reduced by 80 percent.
Basis: EPA estimates of available technology.
Effect: This will reduce HC emissions from this source
category by 1,399 tons/yr.
-------
NEW JERSEY - EMISSION INVENTORY
CARBON MONOXIDE
A. Camden County: Metropolitan Philadelphia Air Quality Control Region
Tons/yr % of Total
Stationary Source
Fuel Combustion 0 0
Mobile Source
Light duty vehicles 122,818 86
Heavy duty vehicles - gas 16,248 11
Heavy duty vehicles - diesel ' 1,503 1
Aircraft 0 0
Railroad 106 Negligible
Vessels 266 Negligible
Process . 1,400 1
Incineration 0_ 0
TOTAL 142,341 100
% Reduction Needed: 43%. This is based on air quality data recorded
in Camden, New Jersey during 1971.
Allowable Emissions: 142,341 (1.00 - 0.43) = 81,134
-------
B. Mercer County: Metropolitan Philadelphia'Air Quality1'Control'Region
Tons/yr % of Total
Stationary Source
Fuel Combustion 554 0.5
Mobile Source
Light duty vehicles 90,676 82
Heavy duty vehicles - gas 11,966 :11
Heavy duty vehicles - diesel 1,057 1
Aircraft 5,499 - 5
Railroad 101 Negligible
Vessels 0 0
Process 0 0
Incineration 522 0.5
TOTAL 110.375 100.0
% Reduction Needed: 70%. This is based on air quality measurements
recorded in Trenton, New Jersey during 1972.
Allowable Emissions: 110,375 (1.00-0.70) = 33,113
-------
CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR ACHIEVEMENT OF CARBON MONOXIDE STANDARD BY
MAY 31, 1975 IN THE NEW JERSEY PORTION OF THE METROPOLITAN PHILA-
DELPHIA AIR QUALITY CONTROL REGION
I. Mobile Source Controls
a. Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program - LDVs
Strategy: To replace older, more polluting vehicles with newer
less polluting ones.
Basis; An Interim Report on Motor Vehicle Emission Estimation
of May 1973 and Transportation Control Strategy Analysis for
Selected Areas in the State of New Jersey by TRW, Inc. under
Contract Number 068-02-0048 Task Order 18.
Effect: This will reduce CO emissions from this source category
by 31.500 tons/year.
b. Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program - HDVs' and MDVs
Strategy: Same as in I(a)
Basis: Same as in I(a)
Effect: This will actually increase CO emissions from this
source category as a result of VMT increases. This increase
will be 1,480 tons/year.
c. Inspection/Maintenance Program - LDVs
Strategy: To annually inspect in-use light duty motor vehicles
so as to identify the "gross emitters." These "gross emitters"
must then have their vehicles serviced and reinspected.
Basis: Appendix N of 40CFR51
Effect: This will reduce CO emissions from this source
category by 7,307 tons/year.
-------
d. Exhaust Gas RecirculationCEGR)-Airbleed Retrofit-Pre-1971 LDVs
Strategy: To require in-use pre-1971 light duty motor vehicles
be retrofitted with an EGR-airbleed device.
Basis: This will reduce CO exhaust emissions from these model
years by 50 percent.
Effect: This will reduce CO exhaust emissions from this source
category by 27,474 tons/yr.
e. VMT Reduction
Strategy: To reduce the VMT of light duty motor vehicles within
the Camden CBD.
Basis: Reducing VMT will reduce the emissions of exhaust carbon
monoxide within the critical area.
Effect: No effect is clained. These measures that reduce VMT
are necessary for the 14-month extension in the attainment date
for the national standards.
-------
CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR ACHIEVEMENT OF CARBON.MONOXIDE STANDARD BY .
AUGUST 1, 1976 IN THE NEW JERSEY PORTION OF THE METROPOLITAN PHILA-
DELPHIA AIR QUALITY CONTROL REGION
I. Mobile Source Controls
a. Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program - LDVs
Strategy: To replace older, more polluting vehicles with newer
less polluting ones.
Basis; An Interim Report on Motor Vehicle Emission Estimation
of May 1973 and Transportation Control Strategy Analysis for
Selected Areas in the State of New Jersey by TRW, Inc. under
Contract Number 068-02-0048 Task Order 18.
Effect: This will reduce CO emissions from this source category
by 43,310 tons/year.
b. Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program - HDVs and MDVs
Strategy: Same as in I(a)
Basis: Same as in I(a)
Effect: This will actually increase CO emissions from this
Source category as a result of VMT increases. This increases
will be 1,922 tons/year.
c. Inspection/Maintenance Program - LDVs
Strategy: To annually inspect in-use light duty motor vehicles
so as to identify the "gross emitters." These "gross emitters"
must than have their vehicles servicbd and reinspected.
Basis: Appendix N of 40CFR51
Effect: This will reduce CO emissions from this source
category by 6,357 tons/year.
-------
d. Exhaust Gas RecirculationCEGR) - Airbleed Retrofit - Pre 1971 LDVs
Strategy: To require in-use pre-1971 light duty motor vehicles
be retrofitted with an EGR-Airbleed device.
Basis: This will reduce CO exhaust emissions from these model
year by 50 percent.
Effect: This will reduce CO exhaust emissions from this source
category by 21,608 tons/yr.
-------
CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR ACHIEVEMENT OF CARBON MONOXIDE BY MAY 31, 1975 IN
MERCER COUNTY (TRENTON) IN THE NEW JERSEY PORTION OF THE METROPOLITAN
PHILADELPHIA AIR QUALITY CONTROL REGION
I. Mobile Source Controls
a. Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program - LDVs
Strategy: To replace older, more polluting vehicles with newer,
less polluting ones.
Basis; An Interim Report on Motor Vehicle Emission Estimation of
May 1973 and Transportation Control Strategy Analysis for Selected
Areas in the State of New Jersey by TRW, Inc. under Contract
Number 068-02-0048 Task Order 18.
Effect: This will reduce emissions from this source category by
23,253 tons/year.
b. Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program HPVs
Stragegy; Same as in I(a)
Basis: Same as in I(a)
Effect: This strategy will increase CO emissions from this source
category due to projected VMT increases. This increase will be
1,121 tons/year.
c. Inspection/Maintenance Program - LDVs
Strategy: To inspect annually in-use light duty motor vehicles
so as to identify the "gross emitters". These "gross emitters"
must have their vehilces serviced and then reinspected.
Basis: Appendix N of 40CFR51
Effect: This will reduce CO emissions from this source category
by 5,397 tons/year.
-------
d. Exhaust Gas Recirculation(EGR)-Airbleed Retrofit-Pre-1971 LDVs
Strategy: To require in-use pre-1971 light duty motor vehicles
be retrofitted with an EGR-airbleed device.
Basis: This will reduce CO exhaust emissions from these model
year by 50 percent.
Effect: This will reduce CO exhaust emissions from this source
category by 20,285 tons/yr.
e. Oxidizing Catalytic Converter Retrofit - 1971-1974 LDVs
Strategy: To require that in-use 1971-1974 light duty motor
vehicles be retrofitted with oxidizing catalytic converters.
Basis_; This will reduce CO exhaust emission from these model
years by 50 percent.
Effect: This will reduce CO exhaust emissions from this source
category by 7,841 tons/yr.
f. Limited Access Program
Strategy: To limit the access fo motor vehicles to the critical
area of the Trenton CBD.
Basis: Elimination of the source (motor vehicles) will reduce the
ambient concentrations to attain the standard.
Effect: This will reduce CO emissions in the critical area by the
amount that is enfficient to attain the standard.
-------
CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR ACHIEVEMENT OF CARBON MONOXIDE BY MAY 31, 1977 IN
MERCER COUNTY (TRENTON) IN THE NEW JERSEY PORTION OF THE METROPOLITAN
PHILADELPHIA AIR QUALITY CONTROL REGION
I. Mobile Source Controls
a. Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program - LDVs
Strategy: To replace older, more polluting vehicles with newer,
less polluting ones.
Bas is: An Interim Report on Motor Vehicle Emission Estimation of
May 1973 and Transportation Control Strategy Analysis for Selected
Areas in the State of New Jersey by TRW, Inc. under Contract
Number 068-02-0048 Task Order 18.
Effect: This will reduce emissions from this source category by
35,845 tons/year.
b. Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program HDVs
Strategy: Same as in I(a)
Bas is: Same as in I (a)
Effect: This strategy will increase CO emissions from this source
category due to projected VMT increase. This increase will be
1,795 tons/year.
c. Inspection/Maintenance Program - LDVs
Strategy: To inspect annually in-use light duty motor vehicles
so as to identify the "gross emitters". These "gross emitters"
must have their vehicles serviced and then reinspected.
Basis; Appendix N of 40CFR51
Effect; This will reduce CO emissions from this source category
by 4,625 tons/year.
-------
d. Exhaust Gas RecirculationCEGRj-Airbleed Retrofit-Pre-1971 LDVs
Strategy: To require in-use pre-1971 light duty motor vhicles
be retrofitted with an EGR-airbleed devices.
Basis: This will reduce CO exhaust emissions from these model
years by 50 percent.
Effect: This will reduce CO exhaust emissions from this source
category by 15,280 ton/yr.
e. Oxidizing Catalytic Converter Retrofit-1971-1974 LDVs
Strategy: To require that in-use 1971-1974 light duty motor
vehicles be retrofitted with oxidizing catalytic converters.
Basis: This will reduce CO exhaust emission from these model
years by 50 percent.
Effect; This will reduce CO exhaust emissions from this source
category by 6,924 tons/yr.
f. Limited Access Program
Strategy: To limit the access of motor vehicles to the critical
area of the Trenton CBD.
Basis: Elimination of the source (motor vehicles) will reduce
the ambient concentrations to attain the standard.
Effect: This will reduce CO emissions in the critical area by
the amount that is enfficient to attain the standard.
-------
Methodology for
Determining Motor Vehicle
Emission Reductions of
Controls
1. If the control measure reduces per-vehicle emissions of all age classes
equally, the controlled emissions are simply:
Controlled Emission = (l-f)X Uncontrolled Emission where f is the
fractional degree of control.
2. If the control measure affects different age classes by different amounts,
the emission factor must be recomputed by applying the correct degree of control
to each component of every age class. The proper speed adjustment factor
should be applied as the final step.
3. In computing hydrocarbon emission factors for evaluating control measures,
it must be remembered that most measures affect only exhaust hydrocarbons
and not the evaporative/crankcase component. The correct procedure is to
apply the control measure to the exhaust factor and then add the evaporative/
crankcase factor to it.
4. It is assumed that the rate of growth of the Vehicle Miles Travelled (VMT)
is 3 percent per year. This is based on the work of TRW, Inc., under
Contract .Number 68-02-0048 Task Order 18,
5. The major references and sources of data for the following tables and
calculations are
(i) Armstrong and Kircher, An Interim Report on Motor Vehicle Emission
Estimation. May 1973 and
(ii) TRW, Inc., Transportation Control Strategies Analysis for Selected
Areas in the State of New Jersey, April 1973: Contract Number 68-02-0048
Task Order 18
II
-------
New Jersey - New York - Connecticut AQCR
VMT Data 1971
County
Bergen
Essex
Middlesex
Monmouth
Morris
Passaic
Somerset
Union
Hudson
Total
Urban VMT
4,690,341,980
3,512,395,000
2,810,463,500
865,665,937
1,035,540,952
805,798,017
153,270,216
3,184,260,000
2,071,375,000
19,129,110,602
Rural VMT
577,337,728
0
1,513,326,500
2,432,109,062
1,381,124,047
1,431,286,983
1,254,169,784
0
o
8,589,354,104
Light duty VMT
(i) Urban:
.19,129,110,602 x 0.915= 17,503,136,201 miles
(ii) Rural:
8,589,354,104 x 0.915 =7,859,259,006 miles
Heavy-duty VMT (gas fueled)
(i) Urban:
19,129,110,602 x 0.065 = 1,243,392,189 miles
(ii) Rural:
8,589,354,104 x 0.065 = 558,308,017 miles
-------
Metropolitan Philadelphia
Interstate AQCR
VMT Data 1971
County
Burlington
Camden
Gloucester
Mercer
Salem
Total
Urban VMT
265,782,780
961,632,504
216,382,293
867,791,004
0
2,311,588,581
Rural VMT
2,208,917,220
1,751,777,496
943,222,707
1,038,603,996
489,465,000
6,431,986,419
Total VMT
2,474,700,000
2,713,410,000
1,159,605,000
1,906,395,000
489,465,000
8,743,575,000
Light Duty VMT
(i) Urban
2,311,588,581 x 0.915 = 2,115,103,552 miles
(ii) Rural
6,431,986,419 x 0.915 = 5,885,267,575 miles
Heavy duty VMT (gas-fueled)
(i) Urban
2,311,588,851 x 0.065 = 150,253,258 miles
(ii) Rural
6,431,986,419 x 0.065 * 418,079,117 miles
-------
Weighted Percent of Annual Travel
Light Duty Vehicles
Age(Years)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
(1)
Percent of Total
LDV's in Use
-
9.7%
11.0%
11.2%
10.8%
10.2%
8.4%
9.5%
8.8%
6.8%
5.4%
3.5%
1.8%
2.9%
(2)
Annual Miles
Driven
-
3,600
11,900
16,100
13,200
11,400
11,700
10,000
10,300
8,600
10,900
8,000
6,500
6,500
(Dx(2)
349.2
1309.0
1803.2
1425.6
1162.8
982.8
950.0
906.4
584.8
588.6
280.0
117.0
188.5
Weight % of
Daily Travel
0.0328
0.1229
0.1694
0.1339
0.1092
0.0923
0.0892
0.0851
0.0549
0.0533
0.0263
0.0110
0.0177
(l)x(2) = 10,647.9
-------
Weighted Percent of Annual Travel
Heavy Duty Vehicles
Age (Years)
0*
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13+
(1)
Percent of Total
Heavy Vehicles in Use
1.1
9.0
10.5
8.5
8.0
8.3
7.5
6.4
5.4
4.5
3.4
3.6
3.1
20.7
(2)
Miles Driven
on Annual Basis
**
3,500
11,700
17,200
15,800
15,800
13,000
13,000
1 1 ,000
1 1 ,000
9,000
9,000
5,500
5,500
5,500
(3)
Weighted Percent
of Annual Travel
0.003
0.095
0.164
0.121
0.114
0.097
0.088
0.064
0.054
0.036
0.028
0.018
0.015
0.103
(3)* (1) x (2)
TO) x (2)
* Refers to next years model introduced in the Fall
** This mileage reflects the fact that some vehicles in this age group
have not been driven for a full year.
-------
Gasoline Motor Vehicle Exhaust Emission Factors *
Pollutant CO Vehicle Weight Class:
Calendar Year 1971 LDV
Model Year
1972
1971
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
1960
1959
Ci
19
34
36
39
46
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
di
-
1.18
1.32
1.59
1.47
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
"1
-
0.0328
0.1229
0.1694
0.1339
0.1092
0.0923
0.0892
0.0851
0.0549
0.0553
0.0263
0.1100
0.0177
£ C1d1M1
Cl
-------
Gasoline Motor Vehicle Exhaust Emission Factors *
Pollutant CO Vehicle Weight Class:
Calendar Year 1975 LDV
Model Year
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
1971
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1965
1964
1963
Ci
1.8
12.5
19.0
19.0
19.0
34.0
36.0
39.0
46.0
87.0
87.0
87.0
87.0
87.0
di
-
1.04
1.32
1.38
1.40
1.44
1.47
1.75
1.67
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Mi
-
0.0328
0.1229
0.1694
0.1339
0.1092
0.0923
0.0892
0.0851
0.0549
0.0553
0.0263
o.ono
0.0177
Cl
-------
Gasoline Motor Vehicle Exhaust Emission Factor*
Pollutant CO
Calendar
Age
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
12+
Year 1976
Model Year
1977
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
1971
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1965
Pre-1965
Ci
1.8
1.8
12.5
19.0
19.0
19.0
34.0
36.0
39.0
46.0
87.0
87.0
87.0
87.0
Vehicle
1.34
1.04
1.32
1.38
1.40
1.44
1.47
1.75
1.67
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Weight
mi
0.0328
0.1229
0.1694
0.1339
0.1092
0.0923
0.0892
0.0851
0.0549
0.0553
0.0263
0.0110
0.0177
r H tn
Class LDV
Cidi.i
0.0791
1.5977
4.2486
3.5109
2.9047
4.5190
4.7205
5.8081
4.2174
4.8111
2.2881
0.9570
1.5399
i = 41.2021
*Uncorrected for speed
-------
Gasoline Motor Vehicle Exhaust Emission Factor *
Pollutant CO Vehicle Weight Class:
Calendar Year 1977? LDV
Model Year
1978
1977
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
1971
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1965
Ci
1.8
1.8
1.8
12.5
19.0
19.0
19.0
34.0
36.0
39.0
46.0
87.0
87.0
87.0
di
-
1.34
1.77
1.36
1.40
1.44
1.47
1.50
1.51
1.82
1.72
1.00
1.00
1.00
Mi
-
0.0328
0.1229
0.1694
0.1339
0.1092
0.0923
0.0892
0.0851
0.0549
0.0553
0.0263
0.0110
0.0177
C1diM1
0.0791
0.3916
2.8798
3.5617
2.9877
2.5779
4.5492
4.6260
3.8968
4.3753
2.2881
0.9570
1.5399
CjdjM,- = 37.59 QMS
MITE
* Uncorrected for speed
79
-------
Gasoline Motor Vehicle Exhaust Emission Factors*
Pollutant HC Vehicle Weight Class
Calendar Year 1971 LDV
Model Year
1972
1971
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
1960
1959
Ci
2.7
2.7
3.6
4.4
4.5
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
di
-
1.05
1.10
1.18
1.23
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Mi
-
0.0328
0.1229
0.1694
0.1339
0.1092
0.0923
0.0892
0.0851
0.0549
0.0553
0.0263
o.ono
0.0177
I Cid,M,
Ci^i
0.0999
0.4867
0.8795
0.7411
0.9610
0.8122
0.7850
0.7489
0.4831
0.4866
0.2314
0.0968
0.1558
= 6.968 GMS
MILE
* Uncorrected for speed
-------
Gasoline Motor Vehicle Exhaust Emission Factors *
Pollutant HC Vehicle Weight Class
Calendar Year 1975 LDV
Model Year
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
1971
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1965
1964
Pre 1964
CT
0.23
1.3
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.9
3.6
4.4
4.5
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
di
-
1.00
1.10
1.13
1.15
1.17
1.20
1.28
1.32
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Mi
-
0.0328
0.1229
0.1694
0.1339
0.1092
0.0922
0.0892
0.0851
0.0549
0.0553
0.0263
0.0110
0.0177
CidiMi
0.0426
0.3650
0.5168
0.4158
0.3705
0.3987
0.5024
0.5055
0.4831
0.4866
0.2314
0.0968
0.1558
C,diM, = 4.571 CMS
MILE
* Uncorrected for speed
-------
Gasoline Motor Vehicle Exhaust Emission Factors*
Pollutant H£ Vehicle Weight Class
Calendar Year 1977 LDV
Model Year
1978
1977
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
1971
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
Pre 1966
Cl
0.23
0.23
0.23
1.3
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.9
3.6
4.4
4.5
8.8
8.8
8.8
di
-
1.45
1.95
1.22
1.15
1.17
1.20
1.22
1.24
1.31
1.35
1.00
1.00
1.00
Mi
-
0.0328
0.1229
0.1694
0.1339
0.1092
0.0923
0.0892
0.0851
0.0549
0.0553
0.0263
0.0110
0.0177
w,
0.0109
0.0551
0.2687
0.4158
0.3450
0.2991
0.3156
0.3799
0.3164
0.3359
0.2314
0.0968
0.1558
MILE
, *Uncorrected for speed
-------
Gasoline Motor Vehicle Crankcase and
Evaporative Hydrocarbon Emission Factors
Calendar Year 1971 Vehicle Weight Class: LDV
Model Year
1972 <0)
1971 (1)
1970 (2)
1969 (3)
1968 (4)
1967 (5)
1966 (6)
1965 (7)
1964 (8)
1963 (9)
Pre 1963 (9+)
1962 (10)
1961 (11)
1960 (12)
hi
0.2
0.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.8
7.1
7.1
7.1 .
7.1
7.1
mi
0.0328
0.1229
0.1694
0.1339
0.1092
0.0923
0.0892
0.0851
0.0549
0.0553
0.0263
0.0110
0.0177
-,.,
0.0164
0.3687
0.5082
0.4017
0.4150
0.3507
0.3390
0.3234
0.2086
0.3926
0.1867
0.0781
0.1257
= 3.715 GMS
MILE
P3
-------
Gasoline Motor Vehicle Crankcase and
Evaporative Hydrocarbon Emission Factors
Calendar Year 1975 Vehicle Weight Class: LDV
Model Year
1976 (0)
1975 (1)
1974 (2)
1973 (3)
1972 (4)
1971 (5)
1970 (6)
1969 (7)
1968 (8)
1967 (9)
1966 (10)
1965 (11)
1964 (12)
1963 (13)
1962 (14)
h.
i
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.8
7.1
m,-
i
---
0.0328
.0.1229
0.1694
0.1339
0.1092
0.0923
0.0892
0.0851
0.0549
0.0553
0.0263
0.0110
0.0177
0.0177
Mi
h,-m,-
i i
____
0.0066
0.0246
0.0339
0.0268
0.0546
0.2769
0.2676
0.2553
0.2086
0.2101
0.0999
0.0418
0.0673
0.1257
= 1.700 CMS
MILE
-------
Gasoline Motor Vehicle Crankcase and
Evaporative Hydrocarbon Emission Factors
Calendar Year 1977 Vehicle Weight Class: LDV
Model Year
1978 (0)
1977 (1)
1976 (2)
1975 (3)
, 1974 (4)
1973 (5)
1972 (6)
1971 (7)
1970 (8)
1969 (9)
1968 (10)
1967 (11)
1966 (12)
1965 (13)
1964 (14)
1963 (15)
1962 (16)
;
hi
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.8
3,8
3.8
3.8
3.8
7.1
mi
__
'0.0328
0.1229
0.1694
0.1339
0.1092
0.0923
0.0892
0.0851
0.0549
0.0553
0.0263
0.0110
0.0177
0.0177
0.0177
0.0177
£ Mi
himi
__ __
0.0066
0.0246
0.0339
0.0268
0.0218
0.0185
0.0446
0.2553
0.1647
0.1659
0.0999
0.0418
0.0673
0.0673
0.0673
0.1257
= 1.232 GMS
MILE
-------
0
1
2
3
4
5
POLLUTANT
GASOLINE MOTOR VEHICLE EXHAUST EMISSION FACTORS*
VEHICLE WEIGHT CLASS
CO
CALENDAR YEAR 1971
9
10
11
12
12+
X HDV
LDV
MODEL
YEAR
1972
1971
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1965
1964
1963
1962
!l961
J960
Pre 1960
°i
130
130
130
140
i
«
?
140
di
1.00
X
1
\
00
ml
0.003
0.095
0.164
0.121
0.114
0.097
0.088
0.064
0.054
0.036
0.028
0.018
; 0.015
; 0.103
£cidimi = _
Cidimi
0.39
12.35
21.32
16.94
15.96
13.58
12.32
8.96
7.56
5.04
': 3.92
'. 2.52
i 2.10
il4.42
1-57 f, CMS
MILE
*Uncorrected for speed
-------
GASOLINE MOTOR VEHICLE EXHAUST EMISSION FACTORS*
POLLUTANT CO
CALENDAR YEAR 1975
VEHICLE WEIGHT CLASS
X HDV LDV
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
12+
Model Year c. d^ m^
1976 130 1
& 4
1975
1974
1973
1972
1971
1
1970 i:
1969 T
i
1968
1967
1966
1965
1964
?
30
W
I
Pre 1964 140 1
00 0.003
i
0.095
0.164
0.121
0.114
0.097
0.088
0.064
0.054
0.036
0.028
0.018
0.015
00 0.103
Y~ c,d,mi =
cidimi
.0.39
12.35
21.32
15.73
14.82
12.61
11.44
8.96
7.56
5.04
3.92
2.52
2.10
14.42
133.2 GMS
*Uncorrected for speed
MILE
-------
Gasoline Motor Vehicle Exhaust Emission Factors*
Pollutant: CO Vehicle Weight Class
Calendar Year: 1976 X HDV LDV
Age
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
12+
Model Year
1977
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
1971
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1965
Pre-1965
ci
130
130
130
130
130
130
130
130
140
140
140
140
140
140
d
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
mi
0.003
0.095
0.164
0.121
0.114
0.097
0.088
0.064
0.054
0.036
0.028
0.018
0.015
0.103
cidimi
0.390
12.350
21.320
15.730
14.820
12.610
11.440
8.320
7.560
5.040
3.920
2.520
2.100
14.420
mi
-------
GASOLINE MOTOR VEHICLE EXHAUST EMISSION FACTORS*
POLLUTANT CO
CALENDAR YEAR 1977
VEHICLE HEIGHT CLASS
X HDV LDV
Model Year
0 1978
1 1977
2 1976
3 1975
4 1974
5 1973
g| 1972
7 1971
8 1970
9 1969
10 1968
11 1967
12 1966
12+ Pre 1966
(
1.
A
1
1.
1
4
\
I/
i
30
f
30
W
^
W
c
1.
J
i!
IT
00
^
yoo
1
0.003
0.095
0.164
0.121
0.114
0.097
0.088
0.064
0.054
0.036
0.028
0.018
0.015
0.103
cidimi
0.39
12.35
21.32
15.73
14.82
12.61
11.44
8.32
7.02
5.04
3.92
2.52
2.10
14.42
*Uncorrected for speed
= 132.0 6MS
MILE
-------
GASOLINE MOTOR VEHICLE EXHAUST EMISSION 'FACTORS*
POLLUTANT Hydrocarbons VEHICLE WEIGHT CLASS
CALENDAR YEAR 1971 X HDV LDV
Model
Year
0 1972
1 1971
2 1970
3 1969
4 1968
5 1967
6 1966
W 1965
8 1964
9 1963
0 1962
1 1961
2 1960
3 Pre 1960
ci
16
16
16
17
A.
-.
V
17
<«1
1
: >
i:
.00
i
*
00
Hi
0.003
: 0.095
0.164
0.121
: 0.1T4
0.097
0.088
... 0.064
i 0.054
: 0.036
: 0.028
: 0.018
. 0.015
: 0.103
cidimi
0.048
: 1.520
: '. 2.624
.: 2.057
1.938
i 1.649
: 1.496
'.: 1.088
. 0.918
i 0.612
; 0.476
: 0.306
: 0.255
: 1.751
A 1C 7/1
cidimi= 16.74
GMS
*Uncorrected for speed
-------
GASOLINE MOTOR VEHICLE EXHAUST EMISSION FACTORS*
POLLUTANT Hydrocarbons
CALENDAR YEAR 1975
VEHICLE WEIGHT CLASS
X HDV LDV
Model
Year
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
1971
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1965
1964
Pre 1964
ci
13
13
13
16
16
16
16
17
t
4
]
t
r
.7
di
1.00
4
*
1.
t
00
n^
0.003
0.095
0.164
0.121
0.114
0.097
0.088
0.064
0.054
0.036
0.028
0.018
0.015
0.103
C£dimj_
0.039
1.235
2.132
1.936
1.824
1.552
1.408
1.088
0.918
0.612
0.476
0.306
0.255
1.751
15.53
CMS
MILE
*Uncorrected for speed
-------
GASOLINE MOTOR VEHICLE EXHAUST EMISSION FACTORS*
POLLUTANT Hydrocarbons VEHICLE WEIGHT CLASS
CALENDAR YEAR 1977 X HDV LDV
Model
Year
1978
1977
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
1971
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
Pre 1966
ci
13
t
<(
1
k
p
3
16
4
i
1
k
f
6
17
4
\
I
t
f
1
di
1.00
i
1
1.
I
f
00
m.
0.003
0.095
0.164
0.121
0.114
0.097
0.088
0.064
0.054
0.036
0.028
0.018
0.015
0.103
cidimi
.039
1.235
2.132
1.573
1.482
1.552
1.408
1.024
0.864
0.612
0.476
0.306
0.255
1.751
15.06
CMS
MILE
*Uncorrected for speed
-------
CALENDAR YEAR 1971
GASOLINE MOTOR VEHICLE CRANKCASE AND
EVAPORATIVE HYDROCARBON EMISSION FACTORS
Vehicle Weight Class
X HDV LDV
Model Yeary
1972
< ,1971
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
1960
Pre 1960
hi
3.0
A
T
3^
"o
8.2
i
i
w
82
mi
0.003
0.095
0.164
0.121
0.114
0.097
0.088
0.064
0.054
0.036
0.028
0.018
0.015
0.103
h-jin -j
0.009
0.285
0.492
0.363
0.342
0.795
0.722
0.525
0.443
0.295
0.230
0.148
0.123
0.845
W 5'62
93
-------
GASOLINE MOTOR VEHICLE CRANKCASE AND EVAPORATIVE
HYDROCARBON EMISSION FACTORS
CALENDAR YEAR 1975 , VEHICLE WEIGHT CLASS X HDV LDV
Model Year
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
1971
1970
1969
1968
1967
19.66
1965
1964
Pre 1964
hi :
0
A
1
0
.8
^
f
8
3.0
>
^
3
k
r
0
8.2
i
*
8*2
mi
0.003
0.095
0.164
0.121
0.114
0.097
0.088
0.064
0.054
0.036
0.028
0.018
0.015
0.103
",-i
0.002
0.076
0.131
0.097
0.342 .
0.291
0.264
0.192
0.162
0.295
0.230
0.148
0.123
0.845
Z him1= 3'20 W
-------
CALENDAR YEAR
GASOLINE MOTOR VEHICLE CRANKCASE AND EVAPORATIVE
HYDROCARBON EMISSION FACTORS
1977 VEHICLE WEIGHT CLASS X HDV LDV
Model Year
1978
1977
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
1971
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
re 1966
h,-
0.
A
8
f^
0.8
3.0
A.
3^
^0 .
8.2
8.2
8.2
mi
0.003
0.095
0.164
0.121
0.114
0.097
0.088
0.064
0.054
0.036
0.028
0.018
0.015
0.103
himi
0.002
0.076
0.131
0.097
0.091
0.078
0.254
0.192
0.162
0.108
0.084
0.148
0.123
0.845
>o ,« GMS
himi= 2-40 MITE
-------
LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLE
Inspection/Maintenance
A. Hydrocarbons
From Appendix N of 40CFR51, a 30 percent failure rate
for an idle test results in a 10% reduction in exhaust emissions
of hydrocarbons. These results in the following exhaust HC
emission factors for 1975 and 1977.
Model Year
1978
1977
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
1971
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1965
1964
Pre 1964
Total Exhaust EF
Crankcase Emission
Factor
Total EF
1975
0.0383
0.3285
0.4651
0.3742
0.3335
0.3588
0.4522
0.4550
0.4348
0.4379
0.2083
0.0871
0.1402
4.1139
1.700GMS
MILE
5.8139 G
Mi
1977
0.0098
0.0496
0.2418
0.3742
0.3105
0.2692
0.2840
0.3419
0.2848
0.3023
0.2083
0.0871
0.1402
2.9037
1.232 GMS
MILE
4.1357 G;
Mi
-------
B. Carbon Monoxide
From Appendix N of 40CFR51, a 30 percent failure rate
for an idle test results in an 8 percent reduction in CO
exhaust emissions. Since there are no crankcase emissions for
CO, the calculation for the reduced emission factor is:
1975: 48.74^5 x (1-0.08) = 44.84 GM
Mi Mi
1977: 37.59£x (1-0.08) = 34.58 GM
Mi Mi
-------
LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLE
Retrofit with EGR - Airbleed Device
A. Hydrocarbons
According to EPA data, ERG-Airbleed devices reduce HC
exhaust emissions by 25 percent. This device is applicable
to pre-1971 light duty motor vehicles. This reduction results
in the following HC emission factors for 1975 and 1977 after
the application of FMVCP and inspection/maintenance.
Model Year
1977
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
1971
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1965
1964
Pre 1964
Exhaust EF
Crankcase EF
.TOTAL EF
1975
0.0383
0.3285
0.4651
0.3742
0.3335
0.2691
0.3392
0.3413
0.3261
0.3284
0.1562
0.0653
0.1052
3.4704
1.700 QMS
Mile
5.1704
1977
0.0098
0.0496
0.2418
0.3742
0.3105
0.2692
0.2840
0.2564
0.2136
0.2267
0.1562
0.0653
0.1052
----.. _
2.5625
1.232 GMS
Mile
3.7945
-------
B. Carbon Monoxide
According to EPA data EGR-Air Bleed devices reduce CO
exhaust emissions by 50 percent. This device is applicable to
pre-1971 light duty motor vheicles. This reduction results in
the following CO emission factors for 1975 and 1977 after
application of the FMVCPand the inspection/maintenance program:
Model Year
1977
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
1971
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1965
1964
Pre 1964
Total CO EF
1975
0.3923
2.8357
4.0864
3.2768
4.9187
2.2471
2.8005
3.0072
2.1971
2.2131
1.0526
0.4402
0.7084
30.1761 GMS
1977
0.0728
0.3603
2.6494
3.2768
2.7487
2.3717
4.1853
2.1280
1.7926
2.0127
1.0526
0.4402
0.7084
.
GMS
MILE 23.7995 MILE
-------
Light Duty Vehicle
Retrofit with Oxidizing Catalytic Converter
A. Hydrocarbons
According to EPA data, oxidizing catalytic converters
reduce HC exhaust emissions by 50 percent. This device is
applicable to 1971-1974 modedl year light duty vehicles. This
reduction results in the following emission factors for 1975
after the application of the FMVCP, I/M, and EGR-Airbleed:
Model Year
1977
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
1971
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1965
1964
Pre 1964
Exhaust EF
Crankcase EF
TOTAL
1975
0.0383
0.2054
0.2908
0.2239
0.2085
0.2691
0.3392
0.3413
0.3261
0.3284
0.1562
0.0653
0.1052
2.9077 GMS
MILE
1.700GMS
TOTLE
4.6077 GMS
1977
0.0098
0.0496
0.2418
0.2339
0.1941
0.1683
0.1775
0.2564
0.2136
0.2267
0.1562
0.0653
0.1052
2.0984 GMS
MILE
1.232GMS
MITE
3.3304 GMS
-------
B. Carbon Monoxide
According to EPA data, oxidizing catalytic converters
reduces CO exhaust emissions by 50 percent. This device is
applicable to 75 percent of the 1971-1974 light-duty motor
vehicles. This reduction results in the following CO emission
factors for 1975 and 1977 after-application of the FMVCP, I/M
and EGR-Airbleed:
Model Year
1977
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
1971
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1965
1964
're-1964
TOTAL COEF
1975
0.3923
1.7724
2.5540
2.0480
3.0743
2.2471
2.8005
3.0072
2.1971
2.2131
1.0526
0.4402
0.7084
gm
24.5072 mile
1977
0.0728
0.3603
2.6494
2.0480
1.7180
1.4824
2.6159
2.1280
1.7926
2.0127
1.0526
0.4402
0.7084
gm
19.0813 mile
-------
1976 Emission Factors
Carbon Monoxide
Model Year
Inspection/Maintenance
(30% Failure Rate)
EGR-Airbleed Retrofit
(50% Reduction)
J..7 / /
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
1971
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1965
Pre-1965
0.0728
1.4699
3.9087
3.2300
2.6723
4.1575
4.3429
5.3435
3.8800
4.4262
2.1051
0.8804
1.4167
Exhaust CO EF=37.9060 Sms
0.0728
1.4699
3.9087
3.2300
2.6723
4.1575
2.1715
2.6718
1.9400
2.2131
1.0526
0.4402
0.7084
26.7088
mi
mi
-------
Inspection/Maintenance of Medium Duty Trucks
A. Background
Office of Mobile Source Pollution Control Programs has analyzed
the data that are presently available on inspection and maintenance of
trucks between 6,000 and 10,000 GVW. It is the judgement of OMSPCP that
inspection and maintenance programs can be applied to these vehicles in
the same manner as they can be applied to LDVS.
B. Hydrocarbons
From Appendix N of 40CFR51, a 30 percent failure rate with an
idle emissions test will reduce HC exhaust emissions by 10 percent.
This will result in the following HC exhaust emission factors for 1975 & 1977.
Model Year
1978
1977
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
1971
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1975
__
0.035
1.112
1.919
1.742
1.642
1.397
1.267
0.979
0.826
0.551
0.428
1977
0.035
1.112
1.919
1.412
1.334
1.397
1.267
0.922
0.778
0.551
0.428
0.275
0.230
-------
-2-
1965 0.
1964 0.
Pre 1964 1.
Total EX EF 13.
Crankcase EF 3.
Total EF 17.
275
230
576
979
20 gms/mile
179 gms/mile
1:576
13.236
2.40 gms/mile
15.636 gms/mile
C. Carbon Monoxide
From Appendix N of 40CFR51, a 30 percent failure rate with an idle
emissions test will reduce CO exhaust emissions by 8 percent. This will
result in the following HC exhaust emission factors for 1975 and 1977:
. Model Year
1978
1977
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
1971
1970
1975
0.36
11.36
19.61
14.47
13.63
11.60
10.52
1977
0.36
11.36
19.61
14.47
13.63
11.60
10.52
7.65
6.46
-------
-3-
1969
1968
1967
1966
1965
1964
Pre 1964
Total CO EF
8.24
6.96
4.64
3.61
2.32
1.93
13.27
122.52 QMS
MILE
4.64
3.61
:;:2;32
1.93
13.27
121.43 GMS
MILE
-------
Retrofit of Medium Duty Trucks with EGR-Airbleed Devices and
Oxidizing Catalytic Converter
A. Background
Office of MSPCP has analyzed the data that are presently available
on retrofitting of MDTs. MSPCP has concluded that EGR - airbleed
devices are applicable to pre-1971 vehicles of this class and that
oxidizing catalytic converters are applicable to 1971-1974 vehicles of
this class.
B. Hydrocarbons
Based on Appendix N of 40CFR 51 and other EPA data it is concluded
that an EGR-airbleed device will reduce HC exhaust emissions by 25 percent
and an oxidizing catalytic converter will reduce HC exhaust emissions by
50 percent from the applicable model years. This reduction nri HC exhaust
emission factors results in the following factors for 1975 and 1977:
Model Year
1978
1977
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
1971
1970
1969
1968
1975
0.035
1.112
1.200
1.088
1.026
0.874
0.950
0.734
0.620
1977
0.035
1.112
1.919
1.412
0.834
0.874
0.793
0.576
0.584
0.413
0.321
//y
-------
-2-
1967
1966
1965
1964
Pre 1964
Total Ex EF
Crankcase EF
Total HC EF
0.413
0.321
0.206
0.173
1.182
9.934 GMS
MILE
3.200 GMS
MILE
13.341 GMS
MILE
0.206
0.173
1.182
10.434 GMS
MILE
2.400 GMS
MILE
12.834 GMS
- MILE
C. Carbon Monoxide
Based on 40CFR51 and other EPA data, it is concluded that EGR-airbleed
devices and oxidizing catalytic converters will reduce CO exhaust emissions
by 50 percent from the applicable model year. This reduction results in the
following emission factors for 1975 and 1977:
Model Year
1978
1977
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
1975
0.36
11.36
12.26
9.05
8.53
1977
0.36
11.36
19.61
14.47
8.53
7.25
6.58
-------
-2-
1967
1966
1965
1964
Pre 1964
Total Ex EF
Crankcase EF
Total HC EF
0.413
0.321
0.206
0.173
1.182
9.934 QMS
MILE
3.200 GMS
MILE
13.341 GMS
MILE
0.206
0.173
1.182
10.434 GMS
MILE
2.400 GMS
MILE
12.834 GMS
MILE
C. Carbon Monoxide
Based on 40CFR51 and other EPA data, it is concluded that EGR-airbleed
devices and oxidizing catalytic converters will reduce CO exhaust emissions
by 50 percent from the applicable model year. This reduction results in the
following emission factors for 1975 and 1977:
Model Year
1978
1977
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
1975
0.36
11.36
12.26
9.05
8.53
1977
0.36
11.36
19.61
14.47
8.53
7.25
6.58
-------
-3-
1971
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1955
1964
Pre 1964
Total CO EF
7.25
5.26
4.12
3.48
2.32
1.81
1.16
0.97
6.64
74.57 QMS
MILE
4.79
3.23
2.32
1.81
1.16
0.97
6.64
89.08 QMS
MILE
-------
FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE CONTROL PROGRAM ~ LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES
Hydrocarbons
New Jersey - New York - Connecticut Air Quality Control Region
A. 1971
TiT Rural: [(3.715 gm/mile) + (6.968 gm/mile)(0.580)1(7,859,259,005 miles)(l/454)(l/2000) = 67,136
252,785 tons/yr
(ii) Urban: [(3.715 gm/mile) + (6.968 gm/mile)(0.849)](17,503,136,201 miles)(l/454)(l/2000) = 185,649
B. 1975 VMT increases at 3 percent per year
(i) Rural: [(1.700 gm/mile) + (4.571 gm/mile)(0.580)](8,845,665,250 miles)(l/454)(l/2000) = 42,389
163,470 tons/yr'
(ii) Urabn: [(1.700 gm/mile) + (3.227 gm/mile)(0.849)](19,699,933,997 miles)(l/454)(l/2000) = 121,081
C. 1977 VMT increases at 3 percent per year
(i) Rural: [(1.232 gm/mile) + (3.227 gm/mile)(0.580)](9,384,366,264 miles)(l/454)(l/2000) = 32,077
123,495 tons/yr
(ii) Urban: [(1.232 gm/mile) + (3.227 gm/mile)(0.849)](20,899,659,977 miles)(l/454)(l/2000) = 91,418
Percent Reduction
1975: 35.3 percent (89,315 tons/yr)
1977: 51.1 percent (129,290 tons/yr)
-------
FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE CONTROL PROGRAM LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES
Carbon Monoxide
Essex County New Jersey - New York - Connecticut Air Quality Control Region
A. 1971
"tiT Rural: [73.78 gm/mile] [0.500] [0] = 0
(ii) Urban: [73.78 gm/mile] [0.807] [3,213,841,425 miles](l/454)(1/2000) = 210,742 tons/yr
B. 1975
TH" Rural: [48.74 gm/mile] [0.500] [0] =0
(ii) Urban: [48.74 gm/mile] [0.807] [3,617,206,838 miles](l/454)(1/2000) = 156,692 tons/yr
C. 1977
v^ "TTT Rural: [37.59 gm/mile] [0.500] [0] = 0
(ii) Urban: [37.59 gm/mile] [0.807] [3,837,494,734 miles](l/454)(l/2000) = 128,205 tons/yr
Percent Reduction
1975: 25.6 percent (54,050 tons/yr)
1977: 39.2 percent (82,536 tons/yr)
-------
INSPECTION/MAINTENANCE -- LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES
New Jersey - New York - Connecticut Air Quality Control Region
Hydrocarbons
1. HC Emissions after Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program - Light Duty Vehicles
1975: 163,470 tons/yr
1977: 123,495 tons/yr
2. HC Emissions after Inspection/Maintenance
1975: Rural: [1.700 gm/mile + (4.1139)(0.580)][8,845,665,250 miles](l/454)(l/2000) = 39,806
152,467 tons/yr
Urban: [1.700 gm/mile + (4.1139)(0.849)][19,699,933,977 miles](l/454)(l/2000) = 112,661
1977: Rural: [1.232 gm/mile + (2.9037)(0.580)][9,384,366,264 miles](l/454)(l/2000) = 30,138
115,237 tons/yr
Urban: [1.232 gm/mile + (2.9037)(0.849)][20,899,659,977 miles](l/454)(l/2000) = 85,099
3. Percent Reduction
1975: 6.7 percent (11,003 tons/yr)
1977: 6.7 percent (8,258 tons/yr)
Carbon Monoxide - Essex County
1. CO Emissions after Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program - Light Duty Vehicles
1975: 156,692 tons/yr
1977: 128,205 tons/yr
2. CO Emissions after Inspection/Maintenance
1975:(44.84 gm/mile)(0.807)(3,617,206,838 miles)(l/454)(l/2000) = 144,154 tons/yr
1977: (34.58 gm/mile)(0.807)(3,837,494,734 miles)(l/454)(l/2000) = 117,940 tons/yr
3. Percent Reduction
1975: 8 percent (12,538 tons/yr)
1977: . 8 percent (10,625 tons/yr)
-------
INSPECTION/MAINTENANCE -- LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES
New Jersey - New York - Connecticut Air Quality Control Region
Hydrocarbons
1. HC Emissions after Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program - Light Duty Vehicles
1975: 163,470 tons/yr
1977: 123,495 tons/yr
2. HC Emissions after Inspection/Maintenance
1975: Rural: [1.700 gm/mile + (4.1139)(0.580)][8,845,665,250 miles](l/454)(l/2000) = 39,806
- 152,467 .tons/y
Urban: [1.700 gm/mile + (4.1139)(0.849)][19,699,933,977 miles](1/454)(1/2000) = 112,661
1977: Rural: [1.232 gm/mile + (2.9037)(0.580)][9,384,366,264 miles](l/454)(l/2000) = 30,138
115,237 tons/y
Urban: [1.232 gm/mile + (2.9037)(0.849)][20,899,659,977 miles](l/454)(l/2000) = 85,099
3. Percent Reduction
1975: 6.7 percent (11,003 tons/yr)
1977: 6.7 percent (8,258 tons/yr)
Carbon Monoxide - Essex County
1. CO Emissions after Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program - Light Duty Vehicles
1975: 156,692 tons/yr
1977: 128,205 tons/yr
2. CO Emissions after Inspection/Maintenance
1975: (44.84 gm/mile)(0.807)(3,617,206,838 miles)(l/454)(l/2000) = 144,154 tons/yr
1977: (34.58 gm/mile)(0.807)(3,837,494,734 railes)(1/454)(1/2000) = 117,940 tons/yr
3. Percent Reduction
1975: 8 percent (12,538 tons/yr)
1977: 8 percent (10,625 tons/yr)
-------
EGR - AIR BLEED LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES
New Jersey - New York - Connecticut Air Quality Control Region
A. Hydrocarbons
1. HC Emissions after Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program-Light Duty Vehicles and Inspection/Maintenance
1975: 152,467 tons/yr
1977: 115,237 tons/yr
2. HC Emissions after EGR-Air Bleed Application
1975: Rural: [1.700 gm/mile +(3.4704)(0.580)][8,845,665,250 miles](l/454)(l/2000) = 36,170
136,978 tons/yi
Urban: [1.700 gin/mile +(3.4704)(0.849)][19,699,933,977 miles](l/454)(l/2000) = 100,808
1977: Rural: [1.232 gin/mile +(2.5625)(0.580)][9,384,366,264 miles](l/454)(l/2000) = 28,094
105,823 tons/yr
Urban: [1.232 gm/mile +(2.5625)(0.849)][20,899,659,977 miles](l/454)(l/2000) = 77,729
3. Percent Reduction
^ 1975: 10.2 percent (15,489 tons/yr)
r 1977: 8.2 percent (9,
1977: 8.2 percent (9,414 tons/yr)
B. Carbon Monoxide - Essex County
1. CO Emissions after Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program-Light Duty Vehicles and Inspection/Maintenance
1975: 156,692 tons/yr
1977: 128,205 tons/yr
2. CO Emissions after EGR-Air Bleed Application
1975:(30.1761)(0.807)(3,617,206,838 miles)(l/454)(1/2000) = 97,012 tons/yr
1977: (23.9995)(0.807)(3,837,494,734 miles)(l/454)(l/2000) = 81,193 tons/yr
3. Percent Reduction
1975: 38.1 percent (59,680 tons/yr)
1977: 36.7 percent (47,012 tons/yr)
-------
OXIDIZING CATALYTIC CONVERTER-LDVs
New Jersey - New York - Connecticut Air Quality Control Region
A. Hydrocarbons
(i)HC Emissions after Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program-LDV, Inspection/Maintenance and EGR-Air Bleed
1975: 136,978 tons/yr
1977: 105,823 tons/yr
(ii) HC Emissions after Catalytic Converter Retrofit
1975: Rural: [1.700+ (2.9077)(0.580)][8,845,665,250 miles](l/454)(l/2000) = 32,991
123,433 tons/yr
Urban: [1.700 + (2.9077)(0.849)][19,699,933,977 miles](l/454)(l/2000) = 90,442
1977: Rural: [1.232+ (2.0984)(0.580)][9,384,366,264 miles](l/454)(l/2000) =25,312
94,674 tons/yr
Urban: [1.232 + (2.0984)(0.849)][20,899,659,977 miles](l/454)(l/2000) = 69,362
(i i i) Percent Reduction
1975: 9.9 percent (13,545 tons/yr)
1977: 10.5 percent (11,149 tons/yr)
B. Carbon Monoxide - Essex County
(i) CO Emissions after Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program-LDV, Inspection/Maintenance and EGR-Air Bleed
1975: 97,012 tons/yr
1977: 81,193 tons/yr
(i i) CO Emissions after Catalytic Converter Retrofit
1975:(24.5072)(0.807)(3,617,206,383 miles)(1/454)(1/2000) = 78,787 tons/yr
1977: (19.0813)(0.807)(3,837,494,734 miles)(l/454)(l/2000) = 65,079 tons/yr
(iii) Percent Reduction
1975: 18.8 percent (18,225 tons/yr)
1977: 19.8 percent (16,114 tons/yr)
-------
FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE CONTROL PROGRAM - HEAVY DUTY VEHICLES
Hydrocarbons
New Jersey - New York - Connecticut Air Quality Control Region
A. 1971
nnT Rural: [5.62 gm/mile + (16.74 gm/mile)(0.580)][558,308,017 miles][1/454][1/2000] = 9,426
36,584
(ii) Urban: [5.62 gm/mile +. (16.74 gm/mile)(0.849)][1,243,392,189 miles][l/454][l/2000] = 27,158
B. 1975
TH" Rural: [3.20 gm/m1le + (15.53 gm/mile)(0.580)][628,380,592 m1les][l/454][l/2000] =8,448
33,701
(ii) Urban: [3.20 gm/mile + (15.53 gm/mile)(0.849)][l,399,448,863 miles][l/454][l/2000] = 25,253
Q 1977
"TO" Rural: [2.40 gm/mile + (15.06 gm/mile)(0.580)][666,648,970 miles][l/454][1/2000] = 8,175
33,006
(ii) Urban: [2.40 gm/mile + (15.06 gm/mile)(0.849)][1,484,675,299 miles][l/454][l/2000] = 24,831
Percent Reduction -
1975: 7.9 percent: 2,883 tons/yr
1977: 9.8 percent: 3,578 tons/yr
-------
FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE CONTROL PROGRAM - HEAVY DUTY VEHICLES
CARBON MONOXIDE
Essex County -- New Jersey - New York - Connecticut Air Quality Control Region
A. 1971
(i) Urban: [(137.4 gms/mile)(0.807)][228,305,675 miles](l/454)(l/2000) = 27,880 tons/yr
(ii) Rural:
B. 1975
(i) Urban: [(133.2 gm/mile)(0.807)][256,960,049 miles](l/454)(l/2000) = 30,420 tons/yr
> (ii) Rural:
\. 1977
(i) Urban: [(2.0 gms/mile)(0.807)][272,608,916 miles](l/454)(1/2000) = 31,982 tons/yr
(ii) Rural:
Percent Reduction
1975:-9.1 percent (2,540 tons/yr)
1977:-14.7 percent (4,102 tons/yr)
-------
INSPECTION/MAINTENANCE - MEDIUM DUTY TRUCKS
New Jersey - New York - Connecticut Air Quality Control Region
A. Hydrocarbons
1. HC Emissions remaining after Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program-Heavy Duty Vehicles
1975: 33,705 tons/yr ( g",ioo tons/yr)*
1977: 33,006 tons/yr v' 8,912 tons/yr)*
2. HC Emissions after Inspection/Maintenance
1975 Rural: [3.20 gm/nrile + (13.979)(0.580)][628,380,592 miles](l/454)(l/2000)(0.27) = 2,113
8,383
Urban: [3.20 gm/mile + (13.979)(0.849)][1,399,448,863 miles](l/454)(l/2000)(0.27)= 6,270
1977 Rural: [2.40 gm/mile + (13.326)(0.580)][666,648,970 miles](l/454)(l/2000)(0.27) = 2,008
8,062
Urban: [2.40 gm/mile + (13.326)(0.849)][1,484,675,299 miles](l/454)(l/2000)(0.27)= 6,054
3. Percent Reduction
1975: 7.9 percent (- 717 tons/yr)
1977: 9.5 percent ( 850 tons/yr)
*Emissions due to Medium Duty Trucks
-------
RETROFIT OF MEDIUM DUTY TRUCKS WITH EGR - AIR BLEED DEVICES
AND OXIDIZING CATALYTIC CONVERTER DEVICES
New Jersey - New York - Connecticut Air Quality Control Region
A. Hydrocarbons
1. HC Emission remaining after the Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program-HDV and Inspection/Maintenance-MDT & LPT
1975: 32,988 tons/yr (8,383 tons/yr)*
1977: 32,156 tons/yr (8,062 tons/yr)*
2. HC Emissions after application of retrofit program
1975: Rural: [3.20 gm/mile + (9.934)(0.580)] (628,380,592 miles)(0.27)(l/454)(l/2000) = 1,673
6,514
Urban: [3.20 gm/mile + (9.934)(0.849)](1,399,448,863 miles)(0.27)(l/454)(l/2000) = 4,841
1977: Rural: [2.40 gm/mile + (10.434)(0.580)] (666,648,970 miles)(0.27)(l/454)(l/2000) = 1,675
6,645
Urban: [2.40 gm/mile + (10.434)(0.849)](1,484,675,299'miles)(0.27)0/454)0/2000) = 4,970
3. Percent Reduction
1975: 5.7 percent (1,869 tons/yr)
1977: 4.4 percent (1,417 tons/yr)
4. Remaining Emissions
1975: 31,119 tons/yr
1977: 30,739 tons/yr
*Emissions due to Light Duty Trucks and Medium Duty Trucks
-------
FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE CONTROL PROGRAM -- LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES
Hydrocarbons
Metropolitan Philadelphia Air Quality Control Region
A. 1971
TO" Rural: [(3.715 gm/nrile) + (6.968 gm/mile)(0.58)] [5,885,267,573 miles][1/454][1/2000] = 50,274
72,708 tons/
(ii) Urban: [(3.715 gm/mile) + (6.968 gm/mile)(0.849)][2,115,103,552 miles][l/454][l/2000] = 22,434
B. 1975 VMT increases at 3 percent per year
(1) Rural: [(1.700 gm/mile) + (4.571 gm/mile)(0.58)] [6,623,920,503 miles][l.454][1/2000] = 31,742
46,374 tons/
(ii) Urban: [(1.700 gm/mile) + (4.571 gm/mile)(0.849)][2,380,567,682 miles][l/454][l/2000] = 14,632
C. 1977 VMT increases at 3 percent per year
^ (i) Rural: [(1.232 gm/mile) + {3.227 gm/mile)(0.58)] [7,027,317,261 miles][l/454][l/2000] = 24,021
^. 35,068 tons/
A (ii) Urban: [(1.232 gm/mile) + (3.227 gm/mile)(0.849)][2,525,544,254 miles][l/454][l/2000] = 11,047
Percent Reduction
1975: 36.2 percent (26,334 tons/yr)
1977: 51.8 percent (37,640 tons/yr)
-------
FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE CONTROL PROGRAM LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES
Carbon Monoxide
Mercer and Camden Counties - Metropolitan Philadelphia Air Quality Control Region
A. 1971
Mercer Co: Rural
Urban
Camden Co: Rural
Urban
B. 1975 VMT increase
: [73.78 gm/mile][0.500][950,322,656 miles][l/454][l/2000] =
: [73.78 gm/mile][0.807][794,028,769 miles][1/454][1/2000] =
: [73.78 gm/mile][0.500][l,602,876,409 miles][l/454][l/2000]
: [73.78 gm/mile][0.807][879,893,741 miles][l/454][l/2000]
at 3 percent per year
Mercer Co: Rural
Urban
Camden Co: Rural
Urban
C. 1977 VMT increase
[48.74 gm/mile][0.500][l ,069,596,521 miles][l/454][l/2000]
: [48.74 gm/mile][0.807][893,686,375 miles][l/454][l/2000]
: [48.74 gm/mile][0.500][l,804,051,519 miles][l/454][l/2000]
: [48.74 gm/mile][0.807][990,328,157 miles][l/454][l/2000]
at 3 percent per year
Mercer Co: Rural:
Urban:
Camden Co: Rural;
Urban:
Percent Reduction
Mercer County:
Camden County:
[37.59 gm/mile][0.500][l,134,734,949 miles][l/454][l/2000]
[37.59 gm/mile][0.807][948,111,875 miles][l/454][l/2000]
[37.59 gm/mile][0.500][l,913,918,257 miles][l/454][l/2000]
[37.59 gm/mile][0.807][l,050,639,142 miles][l/454][l/2000]
1975: 25.6 percent (23,253 tons/yr)
1977: 39.5 percent (35,845 tons/yr)
1975: 25.6 percent (31,500 tons/yr)
1977: 39.1 percent (48,101 tons/yr)
38,609
52,067
= 65,121
= 57,697
= 28,707
= 38,716
= 48,419
= 42,899
= 23,156
= 31,675
= 39,617
= 35,100
90,676 tons/yr
122,818 tons/yr
67,423 tons/yr
91,318 tons/yr
54,831 tons/yr
74,717 tons/yr
-------
Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program - 1976
Light Duty Vehicles
Carbon Monoxide
Camden County-Metropolitan Philadelphia
Air Quality Control Region
A. Emissions in 1971: 122,818 tons/yr
B. ' 1976 Emissions: VMT increases at 5 percent per year
Rural: (41.20)(0.5)(1,858,173,065)( 1 ) ( JL ) _47
454 2000 ~ 4^
^UUU 79,508 ton/yr.
Urban: (41. 20) (0.807) (1,020,058,002) ( _L. i f 1 ^ =37-351
J \^ J 9
454 2000
C. Reduction: 43,310 tons/yr.
-------
INSPECTION/MAINTENANCE -- LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES
Metropolitan Philadelphia Air Quality Control Region
A. Hydrocarbons
(1) HC emissions after Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program - Light Duty Vehicles
1975: 46,374 tons/yr
1977: 35,068 tons/yr
<
(2) HC emissions after Inspection/Maintenance
1975 Rural: [1.700 gm/mile + (4.1139)(0.580)][6,623,920,503 miles][1/454][1/2000] = 29,808
Urban: [1.700 gm/mile + (4.1139)(0.849)][2,380,567,682 miles][l/454][l/2000] = 13,615
1977 Rural: [1.232 gm/mile + (2.9037)(0.580)][7,027,317, 261 miles][l/454][l/2000] = 22,568
Urban: [1.232 gm/mile + (2.9037)(0.849)][2,525,544,254 miles][l/454][l/2000] = 10,283
(3) Percent Reduction
>^ 1975: 6.3 percent (2,951 tons/yr)
V 1977: 6.3 percent (2,217 tons/yr)
B. Carbon Monoxide
"(T) CO emissions after Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program
1975 Mercer County:67,423 tons/yr
Camden County: 91,318 tons/yr
1977 Mercer County: 54,831 tons/yr
Camden County: 74,717 tons/yr
(2) HC^emissions after Inspection/Maintenance
1975 Mercer Co: Rural: (44.84)(0.500)(1,069,596,521 miles)(l/454)(l/2000) = 26,410
Urban: (44.84)(0.807)(893,686,375 miles)(l/454)(l/2000) = 35,616
Camden Co: Rural: (44.84)(0.500)(1,804,051,519 miles)(l/454)(l/2000) = 44,545
Urban: (44.84)(0.807)(990,328,157 miles)(l/454)(l/2000) = 39,466
43,423 tons/yr
32,851 tons/yr
62,026 tons/yr
84,011 tons/yr
-------
1977 Mercer Co: Rural: (34.58)(0.500)(1,134,734,949 miles)(l/454)(l/2000) = 21,067
50,206 tons/yr
Urban: (34.58)(0.807)(948,111,875 miles)(l/454)(l/2000) =29,139
Camden Co: Rural: (34.58)(0.500)(1,913,918,257 miles)(l/454)(l/2000) = 36,445
68,735 tons/yr
Urban: (34.58)(0.807)(1,050,639,142 miles)(l/454)(l/2000) = 32,290
Percent Reduction
1975 Mercer County: 8 percent (5,397 tons/yr)
Camden County: 8 percent (7,307 tons/yr)
1977 Mercer County: 8.4 percent (4,625 tons/yr)
Camden County: 8.0 percent (5,982 tons/yr)
-------
Inspection/Maintenance-1976
Light Duty Vehicles
Carbon Monoxide . . . .
Camden County-Metropolitan Philadelphia
Air Quality Control Region
A. Emissions preraaining after FMVCP-LDV: 79,508 tons/yr
B. Emissions after inspection/maintenance:
Rural: (37.9060)(0.5)(1,858,173,065)( JLj ( ) = 38,786
454 2000 73)151 tons/yr
Urban: (37.9060) (0.807) (1,020,038,002) (J_) ( JL ) = 34,365
"454 2000
C. Reduction: 6,357 tons/yr.
-------
EGR AIRBLEED RETROFIT - LDV
Metropolitan Philadelphia Air Quality Control Region
A. Carbon Monoxide
(T)CO emissions after Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program-Light Duty Vehicles and Inspection/Maintenance
"1975 Mercer County: 62,026 tons/yr
Camden County: 84,011 tons/yr
1977 Mercer County: 50,206 tons/yr
Camden County: 68,735 tons/yr
(2) CO emissions after EGR-Airbleed application
1975 Mercer Co: Rural: (30.1761)(0.500)(1,069,596,521 miles)(l/454)(l/2000) = 17,773
Urban: (30.1761)(0.807)(893,686,375 miles)(1/454)(1/2000) =23,968
Camden Co: Rural: (30J761)(0.500)(1,804,051,519 miles)(l/454)(l/2000) = 29,977
Urban: (30.1761)(0.807)(990,328,157 miles)(l/454)(l/2000) = 26,560
1977 Mercer Co: Rural: (23.7995)(0.500)(1,134,734,949 miles)(l/454)(l.2000) = 14,872
Urban: (23.7995)(0.807)(948,111,875 miles)(l/454)(l/2000) = 20,054
Camden Co: Rural: (23.7995)(0.500)(1,913,918,257 miles)(l/454)(l/2000) = 25,083
Urban: (23.7995)-(0.807)(l ,050,639,142 miles)(l/454)(l/2000) = 22,223
(3) Percent Reductions
1975 Mercer County: 32.7 percent (20,285 tons/yr)
Camden County: 32.7 percent (27,474 tons/yr)
1977 Mercer County: 30.4 percent (15,280 tons/yr)
Camden County: 31.1 percent (21,429 tons/yr)
41,741 tons/yr
56,537 tons/yr
34,926 tons/yr
47,306 tons/yr
-------
B. Hydrocarbons
(1) HC emissions after FMVCP-LDVs and I/M - LDVs
1975: 43,423 tons/yr
1977: 32,851 tons/yr
(2) HC emissions after EGR-Airbleed Retrofit
1975 Rural: [1.700 + (3.4704)(0.580)][6,623,920,503 miles][J_][ 1 ]
454 2000
' Urban: [1.700 + (3.4704)(0.849)][2.380.567,682 miles][ 1 ][ 1 ]
454 2000
1977 Rural: [1.232 + (2.5625)(0.580)][7,027,317,261 mi1es][ 1 ][ 1 ]
454 2000
Urban: [1.232 + (2.5625)(0.849)][2,525,544,254 miles][J_][ J_ ]
454 2000
(3) Percent Reduction
1975: 9.5 percent (4,155 tons)
1977: 7.1 percent (2,336 tons)
= 27,087
= 12,181
= 21,036
= 9,479
) 39,268 tons/yr.
) 30,515 tons/yr.
-------
EGR-Airbleed Retrofit - 1976
Light Duty Vehicles
Carbon Monoxide
Camden County-Metropolitan Philadelphia
Air QUality Control Region
A. Emissions after FMVCP-LDVs and I/M-LDVs: 73,151 tons/yr.
B. Emissions after application of EGR-airbleed device:
Rural: (26.7088)(0.5)(1,858,173,065)(J_) ( _J_ ) =27,329
454 2000
51,543 tons/yr.
Urban: (26.7088)(0.807)(1,020,038,002)(J_)(JL ) =24,214
454 2000
C. Reduction: 21,608 tons/yr.
-------
OXIDIZING CATALYTIC CONVERTER RETROFIT LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES
Metropolitan Philadelphia Air Quality Control Region
A. Carbon Monoxide
(1) CO emissions after Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program-Light Duty Vehicles, Inspection/Maintenance and
EGR-Airbleed Retrofit ',
1975 Mercer County: 41,741 tons/yr
1977 Mercer County: 34,926 tons/yr
(2) CO emissions after oxidizing catalytic converter retrofit
1975 Mercer Co: Rural: (24.5072)(0.500)(1,069,596,521 miles)(1/454)(1/2000) = 14,434
33,900 tons/yr
Urban: (24.5072)(0.807)(893,686,375 miles)(1/454)(1/2000) = 19,466
1977 Mercer Co: Rural: (19.0813)(0.500)(1,134,734,949 miles)(l/454)(l/2000) = 11,923
^ 28,002 tons/yr
-------
B. Hydrocarbons
(1) HC emissions after FIWCP-LDVs, I/M - LDVs, and EGR-Airbleed Retrofit - LDVs:
1975: 39,268 tons/yr.
1977: 30,515 tons/yr.
( 2 ) HC emissions after Oxidizing Catalytic Converter Retrofit:
1975 Rural: [1.700 + (2.9077)(0.580)][6,623,920,503 railes][J. ][ 1 ] = 24,701
454 2000
Urban: [1 .700 + (2. 9077)(0.849)][2, 380, 567, 682 miles][J_ ][_]_] = 10,930
454 2000
1977 Rural: [1 .232 + (2.0984)(0.580)][7,027,317,261 miles][_L ][ _J_ ] = 18,954
454 2000
Urban: [1 .232 + (2.0954)(0.849)][2,525,544,254 miles][_l ][ J_ ]
454 2000
(3) Percent Reduction
1975: 9.2 percent (3,637 tons/yr.)
1977: 10.4 percent (3,178 tons/yr.)
8,383
35,631 tons/yr.
27,337 tons/yr.
-------
FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE CONTROL PROGRAM HEAVY DUTY VEHICLES
Hydrocarbons
Metropolitan Philadelphia Air Quality Control Region
A. 1971
UT Rural: [5.62 gm/mile + (16.74 gm/nrile)(0.580)][418,079,117 miles](l/454)(l/2000)
(ii) Urban: [5.63 gm/mile + (16.74 gm/mile)(0.849)][150,253,258 miles](l/454)(l/2000)
B. 1975 VMT increase at 3 percent per year
(i) Rural: [3.20 gm/mile + (15.53 gm/mile)(0.580)][470,551i729 miles](l/454)(l/2000)
(ii) Urban: [3.20 gm/mile + (15.53 gm/mile)(0.849)][169,lll,365 miles](l/454)(l/2000)
C. 1977 VMT increase at 3 percent per year
(i) Rural: [2.40 gm/mile + (15.06 gm/nn'le)(0,
(ii) Urban: [2.40 gm/mile + (15.06 gm/mile)(0,
Percent Reductions
1975: 9.3 percent (962 tons/yr)
1977: 11.7 percent (1,217 tons/yr)
580)][499,208,329 miles](1/454)(1/2000)
849)][179,410,248 miles](1/454)(1/2000)
7,058
3,282
6,326
3,052
6,122
3,001
10,340 tons/yr
9,387 tons/yr
9,123 tons/yr
-------
FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE CONTROL PROGRAM HEAVY DUTY VEHICLES
Carbon Monoxide
Mercer and Camden Counties - Metropolitan Philadelphia Air Quality Control Region
A. 1971
Mercer Co: Rural
Urban
Camden Co: Rural
Urban
B. 1975 VMT increase
: [137.4 gm/mile][0.500](67,509,260 miles)(l/454)(l/2000)
; [137.4 gm/mile][0.807](56,406,415 miles)(l/454)(l/2000)
: [137.4 gm/mile][0.500](113,865,537 miles)(l/454)(l/2000)
: [137.4 gm/mile][0.807](62,506,113 miles)(l/454)(l/2000)
at 3 percent per year
,108
Mercer Co: Rural
Urban
Camden Co: Rural
Urban
C. 1977 VMT increase
[133.2 gm/mile][0.500](75,982,267 miles)(l/454)(l/2000) =
: [133.2 gm/mile][0.807](63,485,917 miles)(l/454)(l/2000) =
: [133.2 gm/mile][0.500](128,156,665 miles)(l/454)(l/2000)
: [133.2 gm/mile]'[0.807](70,351,181 miles)(l/454)(l/2000) =
at 3 percent per year
Mercer Co: Rural:
Urban:
Camden Co: Rural:
Urban:
Percent Reduction
Mercer Co: 1975:
1977:
Camden Co: 1975:
1977:
[132.0 gm/mile][0.5003(80,609,587 miles)(1/454)(1/2000) =
[132.0 gm/mile][0.807](67,352,210 miles)(l/454)(l/2000) =
[132.0 gm/mile][0.500](135,961,406 miles)(l/454)(l/2000)
[132.0 gm/mile][0.807](74,635,568 miles)(l/454)(l/2000) =
-9.3 percent (1,121 tons/yr)
-15.0 percent (1,795 tons/yr)
-9.1 percent (1,480 tons/yr)
14.7 percent (2,391 tons/yr)
= 5
= 6,1
= 8,615
= 7,633
= 5,573
= 7,515
= 9,400
= 8,328
= 5,859
= 7,902
= 9,883
= 8,756
11,966 tons/yr
16,248 tons/yr
13,087 tons/yr
17,728 tons/yr
13,761 tons/yr
18,639 tons/yr
-------
Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program-1976
Heavy Duty Vehicles
Carbon Monoxide
Camden County-Metropolitan Philadelphia
Air Quality Control Region
A. Emissions in 1971: 16,248 tons/yr.
B. 1976 Emissions: VMT increases at 3 percent per year
Rural: (132.54)(0.50)(132,001,364)(J_) (J_ ) = 9,634
454 2000
18,170 tons/yr,
Urban: (132.54)(0.807)(72,461,716)(_]_) ( 1 ) = 8,536
454 2000
C. Reduction: 1,922 tons/yr.
-------
ATTACHMENTS
-------
.03-
.02-
.01-
.00
WELFARE ISLAND
RUNNING ANNUAL AVG.
TOTAL OXIDANTS
(PPM)
0.4-
0.3
0.2-
0.1-
>
3
' I
m
z:
H
0.0
MAX. HOURLY AVG.
MAX.24 HOUR
MONTHLY
FMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJASOND
1970 ' 1971 ' 1972 '
NOTE HOURLY MAXIMUM STANDARD
-------
ATTACHMENT II -
NEW JERSEY ADMINISTRATIVE CODE
PROPOSED SUBCHAPTER 16
*
CONTROL AND PROHIBITION OF AIR
POLLUTION FROM VOLATILE ORGANIC SUBSTANCES
7:27-16.1 Definitions t
The following words and terms, when used in this Subchapter,
shall have the following meanings, unless the context clearly
indicates otherwise.
"Air contaminant" means solid particles, liquid particles,
vapors or gases which are discharged into the outdoor atmosphere.
"Conservation vent device" means any device designed and used
to reduce evaporation losses of volatile organic substances by
limiting the amount of air admitted to, or vapors released from,
the vapor space of a closed storage vessel.
"Control apparatus" means any device which prevents or controls
the emission of any air contaminant.
"Department" means the Department of Environmental Protection.
"Diurnal temperature differential" means the difference between
the highest temperature and lowest temperature occurring in any
consecutive 24 hour period.
"Equipment" means any device capable of causing the emission
of an air contaminant into the open air, and any stack, chimney,
conduit, flue, duct, vent or similar device connected or attached
to, or serving the equipment. This shall include equipment in
which the preponderance of the air contaminants emitted is caused
by the manufacturing process.
"Fill-pipe" means a device through which liquid is transferred
into a receiving vessel.
"Floating roof" means a pontoon type or double-deck type roof
resting on the surface of the liquid contents in a storage vessel,
and equipped with a mechanism providing a tight seal in the space
between the roof rim and the vessel shell throughout the entire
vertical travel distance of the roof, or any other floating type
mechanism approved by the Department for the purpose of preventing
air contaminants from being discharged into the outdoor atmosphere.
"Gasoline" means any petroleum distillate having a Reid vapor
pressure of 4 pounds per square inch absolute or greater.
"Gasoline dispensing system" means any system designed and/or
used for transferring gasoline by power other than manual from a
storage or transport facility directly into the fuel tank of a
gasoline-fueled motor vehicle.
"Liquid particles" means particles which have volume but are
-------
"Manufacturing process" means any action, operation or treat-
ment embracing chemical, industrial, manufacturing, or processing
methods or forms including, but not limited to, furnaces,
ovens, converters, cupolas, kilns, crucibles, stills,
dryers, roasters, crushers, grinders, mixers, reactors, regenerators,
separators, filters, reboilers, columns, classifiers, screens,
quenchers, cookers, digesters, towers, washers, scrubbers, mills,
condensers or absorbers.
"Maximum allowable emission rate" means the maximum amount of
an air contaminant which may be emitted into the outdoor air at
any instant in time or during any prescribed interval of time.
"Motor vehicle" means all vehicles propelled otherwise than
'by muscular power, excepting such vehicles as run only upon rails or
tracks.
"Organic substance" meansany chemical compound or mixture of
chemical compounds of carbon, excluding carbon monoxide, carbon
dioxide, carbonic acid, metallic carbonates, metallic carbides
and ammonium carbonate.
"Particles" means any material, except uncombined water, which
exists in a finely divided form as liquid particles or solid
particles at standard conditions.
"Potential emission rate" means the mass rate of air contam-
jnts emitted or to be emitted through a stack or chimney into
outdoor air exclusive of any type of control apparatus.
"Solid particles" means particles of rigid shape and definite
volume.
"Source operation" means any process or any identifiable part
thereof emitting air contaminantsinto the outdoor atmosphere
through one or more stacks or chimneys. For purposes of this
definition identical processes shall be considered as separate
source operations.
"Stack or chimney" means a flue, conduit or opening designed
and constructed for the purpose of emitting air contaminants into
the outdoor air..
"Standard conditions" means or shall be 70°F and one atmosphere
pressure (14.7 psia or 760 mm Hg).
"Submerged fill pipe" means a fill pipa whose point of discharge
into the receiving vessel is entirely submerged when the liquid level
is no greater than 6 inches above the vessel bottom or, in the case
of a top or side entering fill pipe, when the liquid level is no
greater than three times the inside radius of the fill papa plus 5
inches, but not more than 42 inches, above the vessel bottom.
"Vapor recovery system" means a system of preventing the emission
of organic vapors into the outdoor air by collecting and recovering
90% by weight or greater of such vapors.
"Volatile organic substance" means any organic substance
having a vapor pressure of 0.02 pounds per- souare inch ahRh_l_ufc&.
-------
7:27-16.2 Storage of Volatile Organic Substances
(a) No person shall store a volatile organic substance in
an^stationary storage tank, reservoir or vessel having* a maximum
hcSPzontal cross-sectional area of 25 square feet or greater unless
such tank, reservoir or vessel is equipped with an evaporation con-
trol device to prevent the emission of organic substances into the
outdoor air as set forth in Table 1.or as approved by the Department
as being equal or more effective in preventing the emission of organic
substances into the outdoor air.
Table 1
MAXIMUM HORIZONTAL
CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA
(Square Feet)
220 or greater
Greater than 100
but less than 220
25 to 100
"VAPOR PRESSURE OF
VOLATILE ORGANIC
SUBSTANCE
(Pounds per Square
Inch Absolute at 100°F)
Less than 1.5
1.5 to 11.0
Greater than 11.0
Less than 5.0
5.0 to 11.0
^- *-.»-. - %-.-«* » w
8.0 to 13.0
Greater than 13.0
EVAPORATION CONTROL
DEVICE
Conservation vent device
Floating roof
Vapor recovery system
Conservation vent device
Floating roof
» ***£* *^*- *-V»WVWV*-J-J *wt^ IM* WWAlt
Conservation vent device
Vapor recovery system
(b) No person shall store a volatile organic substance having a
vapor pressure of 13.0 pounds per square inch absolute at actual storage
conditions or greater in any stationary storage tanks, reservoir or
vessel having a maximum horizontal cross-sectional area of 25 square feet
or greater unless such tank, reservoir or vessel is equipped with a
vapor recovery system or other evaporation control device approved by
the Department as being equal or more effective in preventing the emission
of volatile organic substances into the outdoor air.
(c) No person shall store a volatile organic substance having a
vapor pressure of 1.5 pounds per square inch absolute or greater at
100°F in any tank, reservoir or vessel equipped with gauging and/or.
sampling systems unless such systems are gas-tight when gauging and/or
sampling is not taking place.
.(d) The provisions of subsections (a) and (b) of this Section shall
not apply to a stationary storage tank, reservoir or vessel
1. located under ground at a depth of no less
than eight inches below the surface or
2. whose contents undergo a diurnal temperature
differential not in excess of 7°F.
-------
7:27-16.3 Transfer Operations
(a) No person shall transfer any volatile organic substance
a stationary or mobile receiving vessel of greater than 2,000
gallon capacity unless such receiving vessel is equipped with a vapor
recovery system or other evaporation control device approved by the
Department to prevent the emission of organic substances into the
outdoor air during transfer.
(b) No person shall transfer gasoline into a stationary or
mobile receiving vessel of greater than 550 gallon capacity unless
such receiving vessel is equipped with a submerged fill pipe and a
vapor recovery system or other evaporation control device approved
by the Department to prevent the emission of gasoline vapors into
the outdoor air during transfer.
(c) No person shall transfer gasoline into or transport gasoline
in a mobile delivery vessel of greater than 2,000 gallon capacity unless
such delivery vessel is vapor-tight.
(d) No person shall transfer gasoline to an automotive fuel tank
from a gasoline dispensing system except through a fill
nozzle, or other mechanism, approved by the Department for preventing
the emission of gasoline vapors into the outdoor air by
1. maintaining a vapor-tight fit with the receiving
fuel tank during transfer,
2. collecting and recovering no less than 95% by weight
during transfer and
/-,-F 4-V.~ ' porC displaced .Cuu -ic .i:e^cxvj.ny iuex cams.
3. preventing spillage of gasoline from the receiving
fuel tank and/or the fill nozzle during transfer and disconnection,
7:27-16.4 Source Operations
(a) No person shall cause, suffer, allow or permit volatile
organic substances from a source operation-to be-emitted through any
stacks or chirr.nies into the outdoor air in excess of the maximum
allowable emission rate as determined from Table 2. For a potential
emission rate between any two consecutive potential emission rates
stated in Table 2, the maximum allowable' emission rate shall be de-
termined by linear interpolation.
. Table 2
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE
POTENTIAL EMISSION RATE EMISSION RATE
(Pounds per hour) (Pounds per hour)
50 or less 8
100 15
500 75
1000 150
2500 or greater 200
NOTE: Potential emission rate shall be the sum of the
potential emission rates of all source operations
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(b) The provisions of subsection (a) of this Section shall
not apply to a stack or chimney discharging air contaminants into
the outdoor air from the application of a surface coating containing
no more than 20% by weight of volatile organic substances when
applied to the surface being coated, or other coating process
approved by the Department to prevent the emission of organic sub-
stances into the outdoor air, provided such emissions are not in
excess of 200 ^pounds per hour of volatile organic substances.
(c) The provisions of subsection (a) of this Section shall not
apply until January 1, 1975 to a stack or chimney discharging air con-
taminants into the outdoor air from the application of a surface coating
containing no "more than 30% by weight of volatile organic substances
when applied to the surface being coated, or other coating process
approved by the Department to prevent the emission of organic
substances into the outdoor air, provided such emissions are not
in excess of 200 pounds per hour of volatile organic substances.
7:27-16.5 Odors
(a) No person shall cause, suffer, allow or permit to be
emitted into the outdoor air volatile organic substances which
will result in odors detectable by sense of smell in any area
ic use or occupancy off the premises for a period in
of three minutes total in any consecutive 30 minute
period, notwithstanding nomnl i 3nr>«= with the requirements of
Sections 16.2, 16.3 and 16.4 of this Subchapter.
7:27-16.6 Emission Tests
(a). Any person responsible for the emission of volatile
organic substances shall, upon request of the Department, provide
such sampling facilities and testing facilities exclusive of
instrumentation and sensing devices as may be necessary for the
Departmerit to determine the nature and quantity of volatile
organic substances being emitted into the outdoor air. During
such testing by the Department, the equipment and all components
connected, or attached to or serving the equipment shall be used
and operated under normal routine operating conditions or under
such other conditions as may be requested by the Department. The
facilities may be either permanent or temporary, at the discretion
of the person responsible for their provision and shall conform
to all applicable laws and regulations concerning safe construction
and safe practice.
(b) Any person responsible for the emission of volatile
organic substances shall, when requested by the Department, provide
tl^^facilities and necessary equipment for determining the quantity
and identity of volatile organic substances emitted into the out-
door air through a stack or chimney and shall conduct such tests
using methods approved by the Department. Test data shall be
recorded in a permanent log at such time intervals as specified
b\j _the Department and shall be maintained
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7:27-16.7 Variances
(a) Whenever a person responsible for the emission of
organic substances believes that advances in the art
of control for the kind and amount of volatile organic substances
emitted has not developed to a degree which would enable the
requirements of Sections 16.2, 16.3 and 16.4 of this Subchapter
to be attained, he may apply to the Department for a variance
setting forth his reasons and justifications. The Department may
issue a variance and such variance shall be valid for a period not
to exceed one year from the date of issuance and may be renewed
upon application to the Department setting forth reasons and
justifications for its continuation. Variances issued under the
.provisions of this 'section shall be conditional on the compliance
with any requirements which the Department deems to be necessary.
(b.) Any person aggrieved by the denial by the Department
of a variance authorized by this section may, upon application
made within 15 days after notice thereof, be entitled to a hearing
before the Department upon at least 15 days written notice. Within
30 days after such hearing the Department shall issue a notice
amending, affirming or rescinding its previous action.
7:27-16.8 Permit To Construct and Certificate To Operate
(a) No person shall construct or install any new equipment,
y new control apparatus , or alter any existing equipment or
apparatus .from whicn volatile organic substances are
emitted into the outdoor air without first having obtained a
"Permit to Construct, Install or Alter Control Apparatus or
Equipment" from the Department, in accordance with the provisions
of Subchapter 8 (Permits and Certificates) of this Chapter.
(b) No person shall use or cause to be used any new or
altered equipment, or any new or altered control apparatus from
which volatile organic substances are emitted into the outdoor
air without first having obtained a "Certificate to Operate Control
Apparatus or Equipment" from the Department, in accordance with
Subchapter 8 (Permits and Certificates) of this Chapter.
(c) No person shall use or cause to be used any equipment
from which volatile organic substances are emitted into the
outdoor air unless all components connected, or attached to, or
serving the equipment, including control apparatus, are functioning
properly and are in use . "
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