Evaluation of the Control
          Strategy for Attainment
          of National  Ambient Air
           Quality Standards for
       Total Suspended Particulates
Central New York Air Quality Control  Region
                   (158)
                Prepared by
    U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
                 Region II
                Air Branch
               January 1976

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                                 Table of Contents
                                                                 Page

I.        AQCR Characteristics                                     1
II.       Problem Definition                                       4
III.      Network Adequacy                                         4
IV.       Data Adequacy                                          26
V.        Impacting Sources and Controls                         26
VI.       Evaluation of Control Strategy                         33
VII.      Conclusions                                            38
VIII.     Recommendations                                        39

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                                  Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4

Table 5
Table 6
Table 7

Table 8
                                                                  Page
TSP Sites Exceeding Primary and Secondary NAAOS - 1974  5
TSP Sites Exceeding Secondary MAAQS - 1974              6
TSP Air Quality Data at Contravening Sites              7
24-Hour TSP Concentrations at Sites Exceeding Secondary 9
NAAQS Only
Central New York Air Quality Report, By Site
Central New York Air Quality Report, Summary
Principle Point Source Impacting on Fair Grounds
and Sewage Treatment Plant Monitors
Principle Point Sources Impacting on East
Syracuse Post Office Monitor
10
19
28

34
                                     TT

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                                      Figures
Figure 1       Mew York State Air Quality Control Regions
Figure 2       Syracuse Wind Rose
Figure 3       Running Annual Geometric Mean for State Fair
               Grounds Monitor
Figure 4       Running Annual Geometric Mean for Sewage
               Treatment Plant Monitor
Figure 5       Running Annual Geometric Mean for Niagara
               Mohawk Building Monitor-
Figure 6       Running Annual Geometric Mean for County
               Trailer Monitor
Figure 7       Running Annual-Geometric Mean for Water
               Department Building
Figure 8       Running Annual Geometric Mean for East Syracuse
               Post Office Monitor
Figure 9       Sources Impacting on Fair Grounds and STP
               Monitors
Figure 10      Sources Impacting on Post Office Monitor
Page

  2
  3
 20

 21

 22

 23

 24

 25

 29

 35
                                         iii

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I.  AQCR Characteristics
     The Central Air Quality Control Region (AQCR) is comprised of
nine counties in the north central section of New York State.  The
counties are: Cayuga, Cortland, Herkimer, Jefferson, Lewis, Madison,
Oneida, Onondaga and Oswego (see Figure 1).  The principle cities
in this AQCR include Syracuse (Onondaga), Utica (Oneida), Rome
(Oneida) and Watertown (Jefferson).  Topographically, the AQCR is
comprised of the gradual to steep sloping terrain of the Great
Lakes Plain.  To the west of the area is Lake Ontario * to the  north
and east are the Adironack mountains and to the south are the
Appalachian Plateau and the Mohawk Valley. The estimated popula-
tion of the Central AQCR in 1973 was 1,224,991.  It has 682,898
registered motor vehicles, 39 percent of which are in Onondaga County.
     The Central AQCR experiences moderate temperature variations
due to its proximity to Lake Ontario.  The Lake's influence is com-
parable to that produced by the Atlantic Ocean in the southern
portion of the Hudson Valley.  The prevailing wind direction in
the AQCR is westerly.  A southwest component becomes evident during
summer months while a northwest component is characteristic of
winter months.  There is also an east-west channeling effect pro-
duced by the Mohawk Valley.  The wind rose for Syracuse, as pre-
sented in Figure 2, demonstrates the channeling phenomenon.
Protracted periods of poor ventilation are relatively infrequent
in the AQCR.  However, a prevalent topographical feature, drum!ins
(glacially derived hills with elevations up to 200 feet), may
cause some local accumulation of pollutants.
                               -1-

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 Figure l.NEW  YORK  STATE

AIR  QUALITY CONTROL REGIONS
     ;%  fjw»w  j

r ASCI   : ' ^_^_^--j
                                                                     -V- METROPOLITAN
                                                                     u..

                                                                       ^

                                                             r- 'v^ ; '  \ ...-• LONG BLAMO
  DEr-/."TMZN!T OF EKVinOKMEMTAL CONSERVATION

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                WIND SPEED AMD DIRECTION


                   '3 HOUR INTERVALS


                BASED ON VEATHER BUREAU DATA
SYRACUSE


JANUARY- DECEMBER 1972
      300
2X0 —
                       330
                       210
                                                                     ISO
                                              180
        + CALM C.28%



       .„, ^j  \  " > 't^*-)
            I ~ t ..'I. ('




       	&-?.•", MPH
                               Figure 2.   Syracuse Wind  Rose
                                           -3-

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II.  Problem Definition
     The primary National Ambient Air Quality Standard (MAAQS) for
total suspended particulates (TSP) was scheduled by regulation for
attainment in the Central AQCR in 1975.  As of 1974, several moni-
toring sites, all in the Syracuse metropolitan area still contravene
the primary annual NAAQS of 75 ug/nr*.
     All sites in the AQCR achieved the primary 24-hour NAAQS for
particulates of 260 ug/m^, not to be exceeded more than once per
year.  The secondary 24-hour NAAQS of 150 ug/m^ was exceeded in 1974
at ten sites in the AQCR, including the six sites exceeding the
primary annual standard.  These sites are listed in Tables 1 and 2.
     A historical review of the air quality at the six sites con-
travening the primary standard for TSP is provided in Table 3.
Running annual averages at these sites from 1970 to fiscal year
1975 are plotted in Figures 3 through 8.  The second maximum par-
ti culate matter concentration at each of the sites exceeding only
the secondary NAAQS is listed in Table 4.

III. Network Adequacy
     The network of 43 total suspended particulate monitoring sites
in the AQCR satisfies the Federal requirement of 11 as determined
by 40 CFR 51.17.  The annual average TSP concentrations at the
monitoring sites operating in the AQCR from 1970 through 1974 are
presented in Table 5 and summarized in Table 6.  Table 6 includes
a combined index which describes the overall trend of particulate
levels in the AQCR.  This index compensates for monitoring sites
                               -4-

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                            Table 1
        TSP Sites Exceeding Primary and Secondary NAAQS
                            1974
Site ID Nos. and Address
UTM Coordinates
335100002F01  (3356-01)
State Fair Grounds
Administrative Building
State Fair Boulevard
Geddes, N.Y.
Northing
Easting
4769400
 401100
336620005F01  (3301-06)
Sewage Treatment Plant
Hiawatha Boulevard
Syracuse, N.Y.
Northing
Easting
4768100
 404100
336620003F01  (3301-03)
Niagara Mohawk General Office
100 Erie Boulevard
Syracuse, N.Y.
Northing
Easting
4768400
 406000
336620011F01  (3301-08)
Onondaga County Trailer
State and Harrison Streets
Syracuse, N.Y.
Northing
Easting
4766280
 406520
336620001F01  (3301-01)
Water Department Maintenance
Building
101 North Beech Street
Syracuse, N.Y.
Northing
Easting
4666900
 408100
331800001F01  (3321-01)
U.S. Post Office
410 Manluis Street
East Syracuse, N.Y.
Northing
Easting
4768100
 412200
                              -5-

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                             Table  2

             TSP  Sites  Exceeding  Secondary  NAAQS Only
                              1974
 Site  ID  Nos.  and Address

 335820001F01   (3201-01)
 Police Building
 Rome, N.Y.
UTM Coordinates
Northing
Easting
4784900
 463000
 336620009F01   (3301-09)
 Grant  Junior  High  School
 2400 Grant  Boulevard
 Syracuse, N.Y.
Northing
Easting
4769500
 406400
 335100003F01  .(3332-01)
.Fire  Department
 Shaneateles,  N.Y.
Northing
Easting
4755800
 383400
 335100006F01   (3353-05)
 Courtview  School -
 Court  Street
 DeWitt,  N.Y.
Northing
Easting
4770700
 410800
                              -6-

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                            Table 3

      TSP Concentrations at Sites Exceeding Primary NAAQS
                          Post Office
                          331800001F01

Year                  Annual Geometric           2nd Highest 24-hr
                        Mean (ug/m3)           Concentration (ug/m3)

1970                        100                      234
1971                        100                     .306
1972                         88                      205
1973                         82                      225
1974                         84                      189
1975                         70                      172*

                   Water Department Building
                          336620001F01

Year                  Annual Geometric           2nd Highest 24-hr
                        Mean (ug/m^)           Concentration (ug/m^)

1970                        115                      250
1971                        119                      341
1972                        104                      336
1973                         94                      237
1974                         93                      179
0.975                         90                      205*

                        County Trailer
                          336620011F01

Year                  Annual Geometric           2nd Highest 24-hr
                        Mean (ug/m^)           Concentration (ug/m3)

1973                         77                      198
1974                         78                      202
1975                         78                      195*
                             -7-

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                            Table 3
                          [continued)

                    Niagara Mohawk Building
                          336620003F01

Year                  Annual Geometric           2nd Highest 24-hr
                        Mean (ug/m3)           Concentration (ug/m3)

1970                         96                      236
1971                        100                      278
1972                        100                      214
1973                        100                      280
1974                         81                      241
1975                     .    80                      ]96*

                    Sewage Treatment Plant
                          336620005F01

Year                  Annual Geometric           2nd Highest 24-hr
                        Mean (ug/m^)           Concentration (ug/m^)

1970                        100                      222
1971                        101                      254
1972                         84                      192
1973                         96                      265
1974                         80                      192
1975                         86                      233*

                      State Fair Grounds
                          335100002F01

Year                  Annual Geometric           2nd Highest 24-hr
                        Mean (ug/m^)           Concentration (ug/m3)

1970                         85                      272
1971                        102                      390
1972                        113                      320
1973                        118                      378
1974                         90                      260
1975                         93                      275*
* 99 Rercentile Arithmetic  Mean  used  to  approximate  the  Second
  Highest 24-hr Geometric Concentration
                                 -8-

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                             Table 4

         Second Highest 24-Hr. TSP Concentrations at Sites
                  Exceeding Secondary MAAQS Only
                              1974
                                          2nd Highest 24-hr
Site                                    Concentration (ug/m3)

Police Building, Rome                           165

Grant J.H.S., Syracuse                          199

Fire Department, Shaneateles                    155

Courtview School, DeWitt                   .     167
                              -Q-

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                                                       Table  5
                                                 Air Quality  Report
    AfJCR: Central New York (158)
    Attainment Date:  1975
Pollutant: Total Suspended Particulates
National Ambient Air Quality Standards; Priuary 75 ug/nt3
Monitoring Station Location
EPA ID «
(State ID #)
331380001F01
(1101-03)
331380002F01
(1101-01)
331400001F01
(1162-01)

332940002F01
(2124-02)
334340001F01
(2123-01)
County
Cortland
Cortland
Cortland

Herkimer
Herkimer
Municipality
Cortland
Cortland
Truxton

Herkimer
flohawk
Site Description
Center City
Residential
Suburban
Industrial
Remote

Suburban
Commercial
Suburban
Residential
.Annual Geometric Mean (ug/m3)
1970
54

35



1971
55

37



1972
57

31



1973
49

28

51
33
1974
45
36
23

40
31
1975
4*
43
30

40
35
Comments


••



? •-• failed to meet average criteria
T --'• station terminated

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                                                        Table 5
                                                     (continued)

                                                  Air Quality Report
    A.rjCR: Central Mew York  (158)
    Attainment Date:  1975
Pollutant: Total Suspended  Particulates
National Arnbient Air Quality  Standards;  Primary 75 ucj/ni3
Monitoring Station Location
EPA iO #
(SUte ID //)
333340001F01
(2129-01)

333340001P03
(M/A)
337160001F01
(2201-02)
337160002F01
(2201-03)

County
llerkirner

Jefferson
Jefferson
Jefferson

Municipality
Little Falls

Jefferson
Water town
Hatertown

Site Description


Remote
Center City
Commercial
Center City
Commercial

Annual Geometric Mean (ug/in3)
1970


?
52


1971


22
?


1972


?
47


1973
41

?
38


1974
41(?)

21(?)
T
34

1975




38

Comments


-



? - fail yd to iiieot average criteria
T = station terminated

-------
                                                       Table  5
                                                     (continued)

                                                 Air Quality  Report
    AQCR:  Central  New York (158)
    Attainment Date:   1975
Pollutant: Total Suspended Particulates
National Ambient Air Quality Standards; Primary 75 ug/m3
Monitoring Station Location
EPA ID #
(State ID #)
333980001F01
(2424-01)

335040001F01
(2601-01)
332800001F01
(2625-01)
335040002F01
(2601-02)

County
Lewis

Madi son
Madison
fladison

Municipality
Lowville

Oneida
Hamilton
Oneida

Site Description
Center City
Residential


Suburban
Residential
Center City
Residential

Annual Geometric Mean (ug/ni3)
1970


38
31


1971


46
33


1972


T
31
?

1973
43


33
47

1974
35


22
37

1975
37


25
42

Comments


-



? = failed to meet average criteria
T = station terminated

-------
                                                       . Table  5
                                                      (continued)

                                                  Air Quality  Report
    ArjCR: Central New York (158)
    Attainment Date:  1975
Pollutant: Total Suspended Particulates
National Arnbient Air Quality Standards; Primary  75  ug/in3
Monitoring Station Location
F!'A ID £
'(Stdte ID #)
3350G0003F01
(3221-02)
•i 335820001F01
:w(3201-01)
336880001F01
(3201-02)
336880001P01
(N/A)
336880003F01
(3202-03)
336880004F01
(3202-06)
County
Oneida
One i da
Oneida
Oneida
Oneida
Oneida
Municipality
Boonville
Rome
Utica
Utica
Utica
Utica
Site Description
Center City
Commercial
Center City
Commercial
Center City
Commercial
Center City
Commercial

Suburban
Industrial
Annual Geometric Mean (ug/ni3)
1970

55
79
85


1971

61
79
81


1972

71
63
72
54

1973

66
59
?
52
39
1974
?
52
48
56(?
T
33
1975
32
54
57


38
Comments

1974 2nd Maximum 165 ug/m3
-



? = failed to meet average criteria
T = station terminated

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                                                        Table  5
                                                       (continued)

                                                 Air  Quality  Report
    AQCR: Central New York (158)
    Attainment Date:  1975
Pollutant: Total Suspended Particulates
National Arnbient Air Quality Standards;  Primary 75 ug/ni3
Monitoring Station Location
EPA ID #
(State ID #)
336880005F01
iL 336880006 F01
t (3202-07)
337500001F01
(3237-01)

335100010F01
(3353-03)
335100011F01
(3351-01)
County
One i da
One i da
One i da

Onondaga
Onondaga
Municipality
Utica
Utica
Hhitesboro

DeHitt
Cicero
Site Description
Suburban
Residential
Center City
Commercial
Suburban
Residential

Suburban
Residential

Annual Geometric Mean (ug/ni3)
1970


47

93
54
1971


58

81
46
1972

63
55

69
57
1973
29(t
50
50

64
(?)
1974

T
41

59
T
1975




54

Comments


-



? = failed to meet average criteria
T = station terminated

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                                                       Table 5
                                                      (continued)

                                                 A1r Quality Report
    AQCR.:  Central New York (158)
    Attainment Date:   1975
Pollutant: Total Suspended Particulars
National Ambient Air Quality Standards; Primary 75 ug/m3
Monitoring Station Location
Ei'.-» ID #
(:;tai:e ID //)
335100001F01
(3324-01)
^35100002F01
'(3356-01)
335100003F01
(3332-01)
335100004F01
(3353-02)
335100006F01
(3353-05)
335100007F01
(3364-03)
County
Onondaga
Onondaga
Onondaga
Onondaga
Onondaga
Onondaga
Municipality
Jordan
Heddes
Shaneateles
ne'litt
Deilitt
Salina
Site Description
Suburban
Residential
Suburban
Commercial
Suburban
Ooi.iriercial
Suburban
Residential
Suburban
Commercial
Suburban
f Olinnp re i al
Annual Geometric Mean (ug/i
1970
42
85
?
?
70
62
1971
43
101
54
62
70
65
1972
41
113
43
57
73
65
1973
37
118
50
45
62
62
1974
31
90
44
45
59
56
3)
1975
36
95
43
43
51

Comments

1974 2nd Maximum 260 ug/m3
1974 2nd Maximum 155 ug/ni3

1974 2nd Maximum 167 ug/m3

? = failed to :.ieet average criteria
f = station terminated

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                                                       Table 5
                                                 Air Quality Report
    AQCR: Central New York (158)
    Attainment Date:  1975
Pollutant: Total Suspended Particulates
National Ambient Air Quality Standards; Primary 75 ug/m3
Monitoring Station Location
EPA ID if
(State ID #)
33S1GOQ12F01
(3351-02) "
336320001F01
(3326-01)
i—
S36620001F01
(3301-01)
336620001P01
(H/A)
33GC20002F01
(3301-02)
33G620003F01
(3301-03)
County
Onondaga
Onondaga
Onondaga
Onondaga
Onondaga
Onondaga
Municipality
Brawerton
Solvay
Syracuse
Syracuse
Syracuse
Syracuse
Site Description
Suburban
Commercial
Suburban
Residential
Center City
Corinercial
Center City
Commercial
Center City
Commercial
Center City
Cor.i.iercial
Annual Geometric Mean (ug/m3)
1970

C3
115
94
71
96
	 1 — -i 	 —
1971

58
119
100
64
100
1972

54
104
111
62
100
1973
(?)
54
94
(?)
48
100
1974
46
44
93
102
47
81
1975
45
52
90

50
80
Comments


1974 2nd Maxi.;iu:.i 179 ug/m3
1974 2nd Maximum 205 ug/m3

1974 2nd Maximum 241 ug/m3
? = failed to meet average criteria
T = station terminated

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                                                       Table 5
                                                      (continued)

                                                 Air Quality Report
    AQCR: Central New York (158)
    Attainment Date:  1975
Pollutant: Total Suspended Particulars
National Ambient Air Quality Standards; Primary 75 uy/iu3
Monitoring Station Location
E!}A ID #
(State ID it)
336C20005F01
: (3301-06)
336620008F01
, (3301-12)
^336620009F01
(3301-09)
33CC20011F01
(3301-08)
; 336620012F01
3313000Q1F01
(3321-01)
County
Onondaga
Onondaga
Onondaga
Ondondaga
Onondaga
Onondaga
Municipality
Syracuse
Syracuse
Syracuse
Syracuse
Syracuse
East Syracuse
Site Description
Center City
Commercial
Center City
Residential
Suburban
Commercial
Center Citv
Mobile
Suburban
Commercial
Suburban
Commercial
Annual Geometric Mean (ug/m3)
1970
100
7
?


100
1971
101
70
73


100
1972
84
64
76


38
1973
96
59
67
77
?
82
1974
80
54
64
73
59
84
1975
86
56
61.
78

70
Comments
1974 2nd ' lax i mum 192 ug/m3

1974 2nd Maximum 199 ug/m3
1974 2nd Maximum 202 ug/ra3

1974 2nd Maximum 189 ug/m3
? = failed to iiieet average-criteria
T = station terminated

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                                                       Table 5
                                                      (continued)

                                                 Air Quality Report
    A,CR: Central Mew York (158)
    Attainraant Date:  1975
Pollutant: Total Suspended Particulars
National Ambient Air Quality Standards; Primary 75 ug/m3
Monitoring Station Location
FrA ID \\
•;;ute ID //)
335100008F01
(3364-04)
i
i — »
TQ
1
335220001F01
(3702-01)
335220002F01
(3702-02)
332320001F01
(3701-01)

County
Onondaga

Oswego
Oswego
Oswego

Municipality
Salina

Os we go
Os we go
Fulton

Site Description
Suburban
Residential

Center City
Conine rci a 1
Suburban
Residential
Center City
Commercial

Annual Geometric Mean (ug/iii3)
1970
60

47
35
46

1971
G5

58
50
44

1972
65

55
38
45

1973
55

50
35
41

1974
49

41
30
34

1975
52

36
29
33

Comments


-



? = failed to meet average criteria
T = station terminated

-------
AQCR:  Central New York (158)
Attainment Date:  1975
                                               Table 6

                                     Air Quality Summary Report
Pollutant:  Total  Suspended
           Particulates (Annual)

Sites Reporting Complete Data
Number (& percent) of sites above 75 ug/m3
Number (& percent) of sites above 60 ug/m3
Max i mum (ug/m3)
Minimum (ug/ni3)

Combined Index
Combined Index (normalized)
1970
21
8(38.1)
10(47.6)
115
. 31

67.8
100.0
1971
26
8(38.1)
16(61.5)
119
33

64.8
95.6
1972
29
7(24.1)
15(51.7)
122
28

61.3
90.4
1973
35
6(17.1)
11(31.4)
118
28

51.9
76.5
1974
35
6(17.1)
7(20.0)
85
22

41.6
61.4
1975
*
*
*
*
*

*
*
Comments








*Not determined due to change in number of mentoring  sites  in  1975

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  120





  110





  100





   90





   80
oo




 J!70
ro
oc
i o

 £60
 (O
  S50
  c
  o
  o
   40





   30




   20





   10





    0
                                                  Figure 3.  Total  Suspended  Particulates

                                                            Running Annual Average,  by  Quarter

                                                            Site:  335100002F01  (3356-01)

                                                                State Fair Grounds
                                                                                       NAQQS
     1970
1971
1972
1973
                                                                                                    1974
                                                           Year Ending
                                                                                                                            1975

-------
  50
o
o
  40


  30


  20


  10


   0
   1970
                                             Figure  4. Total  Suspended  Particulates
                                                      Running Annual Average, by Quarter
                                                      Site:  336620005F01  (3301-06)
                                                           Sewage Treatment Plant
                                                                                                                 NAQQS
T971
T972
                                                        Year Ending
                                                                           1973
                                                                         1974
                                                                                                                          1975

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  120


  no


  ion


   90


   80
roc
 '4360
 ro
 S-


 £50
 c
 o
   40


   30


   20


   10
0

1970
                                         Figure  5.   Total  Suspended  Particulates
                                                    Running Annual Average, by Quarter
                                                    Site;  33662000F01  (3301-03)
                                                      Niagara Mohawk General Office
                                                                                                                NAQQS
                           1971
1972
                                                                      1973
1974
1975

-------
 120



 110



 100



  90



  80
CO
  E

  gtfO


ro
OJC
ro
s-
-P

§50
  40



  30



  20



  10
   0-J__
   1970
                                       Figure 6.   Total  Suspended Particulates
                                                  Running Annual  Average,  by Quarter
                                                  Site:   336620011F01  (3301-08)
                                                         Onondaga County Trailer
                                                                                                                 NAQQS
                          T9T
1972
                                                                          1973
                                                                                                   1974
                                                                         1975
                                                         lear JLadi

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  120





  110





  100





   90





   80

CO
 £

 ?70
  60
03

i.
  50
c
o
  40





  30




  20




  10




   0
                                       Figure 7.   Total  Suspended  Particulates

                                                  Running  Annual Average, by Quarter

                                                  Site:  336620001F01   (3301-01)

                                              Water Department  Maintenance  Building
                                                                                                               NAQQS
1970
                          1971
                                                   1972
1973
1974
                                                                                                                          1975

-------
  120


  no


  100


   90


   80

CO
 "^70
 £ 60
 
-------
terminating and new stations starting during the period of analysis.

The table includes a normalized combined index which is the ratio of

the base year index (1970) to succeeding years.


IV.  Data Adequacy

     The quality control of the data from TSP samplers operated by
                                                                  *
the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (MYSDEC)

has been satisfactory.  The monitors are in good condition and re-

ceive maintenance and calibration every 400 hours of operation. Most

monitors are representative of population exposure to area and point

sources of participates.  The monitors have consistently reported

sufficient quantity of data so that from 1970 through 1974, statisti-

cally representative annual geometric means were obtained for most

stations.


V.   Impacting Sources and Controls

     The control strategy selected by the NYSDEC to reduce particulate

emissions in the Central AQCR is dependent upon enforcement of these

State regulations:

     NYCRR Part 212 - Processes and Exhaust and/or Ventilation
                      Systems
     NYCRR Part 213 - Contaminant Emissions from Ferrous
                      Jobbing Foundaries
     NYCRR Part 215 - Open Fires
     NYCRR Part 219 - Incinerators
     NYCRR Part 227 - Stationary Combustion Installations

     A.  Fair Grounds and Sewage Treatment Plant

     The significant point sources impacting on the Fair Grounds and

the Sewage Treatment Plant monitoring sites are Crucible Steel, Inc.
                               -26-

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and Allied Chemical Corporation.  The location of these sources
relative to the monitoring sites are listed in Table 7 and shown
in Figure 9.
     1.  Crucible Steel
     In February 1973, Crucible Steel was found to be in violation
of NYCRR Part 212, Processes and Exhaust and/or Ventilation Systems.
Particulate emissions from this source during 1972 were 425 tons --
370 tons from process sources and 55 tons from a coal-fired boiler.
     Crucible Steel installed a baghouse in March 1973 to control
its process emissions.  This was necessary because of significant
emissions during charging of the plant's four electric arc furnaces
and oxygen lancing at its basic oxygen furnaces.  Although the
total emissions subsequently decreased, as of July.1975, the bag-
house was not operating satisfactorily.  When the baghouse does
operate properly, process emissions are reduced from 370 tons to
70 tons per year.
     In 1977, Crucible Steel plans to expand its plant and replace
the existing basic oxygen furnaces with new ones.  In association
with this project, an additional baghouse will be constructed.  It
is expected that the capacity of the new baghouse will be sufficient
to treat a portion of the emissions from the existing furnaces as
well as the emissions from the new furnaces.  This will reduce the
load on the present baghous.e and improve its effectiveness.
     Crucible Steel has a coal-fired boiler which emits an allowable
quantity of 55 tons of particulate matter per year.  Combustion
controls installed in May 1975 help maintain this emission rate.
                               -27-

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                                                           Table  7


                                         Principle  Point  Sources  Impacting  on  State
                                       Fair  Grounds  &  Sewage  Treatment  Plant Monitors
Source
Crucible Steel
Allied Chemical
Total
Location
State Fair Blvd.
Syracuse, N.Y.
Milton Avenue
Solvay, N.Y.

Stack
Height
3 stacks ®
18 rn
10 stacks @
61 m

Distance and Direction from Monitors
Fair Grounds
0.3 km SE
1.4 km SE

Sewage Treatment Plant
3.0 km W
3.2 km W

Emissions
1972
(tons/yr)
425
10,530
10,955
Emissions
1975
(tons/yr)
125+
9,410
9,565+
Percent
Reduction
(1972 to
1975)
71%
10%
11%
no
oo

Crucible Steel
Allied Chemical
Total
Emissions
1977
(tons/yr)
125
4,640
4,765
Percent
Reduction
(1972 to 1975)
71%
55%
56%

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                      Figure  9.   Sources Impacjino on Fenr grounds and Sev/age Treatment  PlantMonitors
r\>
to
                               —^
                                   .



                              — -jL
b:-— 1 	 1-- 	 1"
1CWJ 0
l—i 1-1 1--I
1 . . ........
	 1-r—T.ri 	 P 	 ^ 	 1==-— — • 	 ~
1
.50 1 KILOMETER
. - 	
STP:
              Fair Grounds Monitor

              Sewage
                                                          AC: Allied Chemical

-------
Two standby coal-fired boilers of questionable compliance status
also exist, but they are operated infrequently.
     2.  Allied Chemical
     In February 1973, Allied Chemical was found to be in violation
of MYCRR Part 212, Processes and Exhaust and/or Ventilation Systems.
Its participate emissions in 1972 were 10,530 tons -- 2,530 tons from
process sources and 8,000 tons from boiler operations?
     By December 1974, Allied Chemical was no longer in violation
of NYCRR Part 212, but was in violation of Part 227, Stationary
Combustion Installations.  Process emissions had been reduced by
90 tons from 2,530 to 2,440 tons.  Also, a boiler was taken off
line in March 1975 resulting in a 1,000 ton decrease in annual total
boiler emissions from 8,000 to  7,000 tons.  This combined curtail-
ment of 1,090 tons represents a 10 percent reduction from 1972
emissions.  Additional reductions will occur as a result of a
schedule prepared by Allied Chemical in June 1975.  In June 1975,
Allied Chemical prepared schedules for installation of new boiler
equipment which will bring this facility into compliance in 1977.
The allowable annual emissions from its boilers are 2,200 tons.
Consequently, in 1977 its total emissions are expected to be 4,640
tons (2,440 process and 2,200 boiler) per year, a reduction of 55%
from 1972.
     The combined reduction in annual emissions from Allied Chemical
and Crucible Steel of 6,190 tons from 1972 to 1977 represents 45%
of the total 1970 particulate emissions for Qnondaga County.
                             -30-

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     3.  Other Sources
     A construction project for additions to the Sewage Treatment
Plant impacts only on the Sewage Treatment Plant monitoring site.
This project started in spring 1975 and is expected to continue for
at least four years.  Other sources impacting on the Sewage Treat-
ment Plant site include the area source, downtown Syracuse, located
                                •
5 km southeast of the site, and the heavily travelled roadway,
Hiawatha Boulevard.
     Additional sources impacting primarily at the Fair Grounds
monitoring site include the numerous small industrial sources in
the vicinity of Crucible Steel and motor vehicle related emissions
from Route 690, a six-lane highway passing 75 m north of the moni-
toring site.  On-going construction projects associated with Route
690 also may be affecting the site.  Additionally, the annual New
York State Fair, held for a three-week period at the end of
August and beginning September, is a significant indirect source
of particulates which impacts on this monitoring station.
     B.  Water Department Building
     There are no point sources significantly impacting on the
Water Department Building monitoring site.  The Central Business
District of Syracuse, which is approximately 3 km west of the
site, is a significant area source impacting on the site.  The
heavily travelled Route 690, a six-lane highway to the west of  the
Water Department Building which narrows to four lanes just 100  m
north of the monitoring station, and East Erie Boulevard, located

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10 m south of the sits, are significant roadway sources of particu-
lates.
     The assumption of a strong emission contribution from nearby
roadways is supported by the levels of particulates observed at
site 336620012F01 (3301-14) located further from the roadways than
the Water Department Building site at the St. Vincent's School on
Winston St'reet and Burnet Avenue, a location 500 m from the Water
Department Building.  A 1974 annual concentration of only 59 ug/m^
with a second maximum value of 127 ug/rn^ was recorded here.
     During the latter part of 1973, demolition of factory and
foundry buildings located one trlock south of the monitoring station
was a source of fugitive dust.  This activity was part of an urban
renewal program which includes plans for construction of apartment
buildings.  The construction will be a future short-term source of
particulates.
     C.  County Trailer
     The trailer monitoring site is primarily affected by its
location within downtown Syracuse.  The high traffic density in
the vicinity of the station, particularly the four-lane Route 81
to the west, contributes to the observed particulate concentrations.
     D.  Niagara Mohawk Building
     The Niagara Mohawk site is another site primarily affected by
its location within downtown Syracuse.  Emissions resulting from
the high traffic density of such roadways as Route 690 (200 m
north), Erie Boulevard and West Genesee Street impact on the moni-
toring station.  Since 1973, the construction of the new Federal
                               -32-

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Building only 200 m southeast of the site, has contributed to the
high particulate levels.
     E.  Post Office
     As listed in Table 8, two major sources impact on the Post
Office site in East Syracuse.  These sources are the Bristol-Meyers
Laboratories and the Syracuse Concrete and Pipe Company.   Figure
10 shows their location in relation to the monitoring site.
     The Bristol-Meyers installation currently emits 65 tons  per
year of parti dilates from its boilers and has no process  particu-
late emissions.  In ,irid-1971, Bristol-Meyers took a coal-fired boiler
off line.   Syracuse Concrete and Pipe also does not nave  process
particulate emissions but is a source of fugitive dust.
     Nearby road construction also has considerable impact on the
site.  In  mid-1974 construction started on a bridge across the
Penn Central main line.  This project, which is suspected of  sig-
nificantly impacting on the Post Office site, is scheduled for
completion in early 1976.
VI.  Evaluation of Control Strategy
     A.  Fair Grounds and Sewage Treatment Plant
     The annual geometric mean concentrations at both the Fair
Grounds and the Sewage Treatment Plant sites in 1974 were the lowest
in six years.  Moreover, in 1974 the 24-hour primary standard was
attained at both sites.  Using data from Table 3 and assuming a
background concentration of 30 ug/m3, reductions in controllable
TSP levels from 1972 to 1974 achieved at the Fair Grounds and the
                               -33-

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                                                         Table 8


                                        Principle Point Sources Impacting  on  the
                                            East Syracuse  Post Office Monitor
Source
Bristol -Meyers
Laboratory Plant
Syracuse Con-
crete & Pipe Co.
Location
Thompson Road
Syracuse
Clark Street
Syracuse
Stack
Height
2 stacks
76m & 30m
ground level
cement silo
vents
Distance and Direction
from Site
0.8 km
0.6 km
U
S
TOTAL
Emissions 1972
(tons/yr)
65
fugitive
dust
65
Emissions 1974
(toris/yr)
65
--
65
Percent
Reduction
0
--
0
OJ
-p>
I

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            Figure 10.  Sources Impacting on Post Office Monitor
CO
en
                                                    V« )|!-Frank!in! i!'1  ii
                                                     '' !..l»
                         ^fe^i'TELf .^\tiSr-i\ ••.S^P^Ew.t.SyrpuN:*.,:.-.; '•• \ •'•
                         ^^:\m^^^^^^^r.^-'

                         w$$i@^*&^£^&	-
                         * 	it. H »VE.i.-:-*-',-^irr?\\iL:JJ.-- t' - ^---:.v^-/^ V-u-t i   <	.' • ." ...-;•..* \v.-•- , „„* ,. ••\i >' V.' ''. :*.    ' // ' ^
                           p^^::":^-'^«?^
                           ';I^?//?'  > "V.oTP^^*311"''"" *   \ft^1—^—-^r-1—^—'	""~\"{:
                           i» Mi ' •./. £^.-••"•:A"-       \ i.\\  : ^r^1) i •       S
                            "^•.."-,,   i'!  el-VO • '_.JJ_.—T—r^.'i''"^^-—EiJl" " . ';':'" '<».DriVe-in  !
                             .= - . v-* * __^-~^'~:~~~~~ZZZy-~' "T^T" •'*^*ff'—''\ *  '   —'.j '.'•',  • '/,',-TlioaU'r

                            J^^^^--';>''1«P-^:~^^^-'-'"^       J  /


                            ^~^-^II^: i^n '-^HV^^^ ' **•
                            ^layg^ouo.di•rti^j^F^^.;Cv>•xrr^>•A••1l./^ \"v -A V ^V^T	& .	
                                                              W
t^-^fe>^;^ip® -^is L_
iSB ^^I'^^Mi^^  "
jd4 St-:fea,t" »f ^raM N
                                             SCALE 1:24000
                                                 o
                                                                 	1 MILE
                                 1000
                                  l-=r-r-
                                         1000  2000  ,3000   4000  5000  6000  7000 FEET
                                                            1 KILOMETER
           PO-
                            CP
                                                   DM-

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Sewage Treatment Plant were 28% (}}3 - 90 x 10(Jj and 7% (3^ 3 so x 1Q
respectively.  These improvements are attributable, in part, to the
pre-1975 emission reductions at Allied Chemical and Crucible Steel
described in Section V.A.I. & 2.
     The emission reductions from 1972 levels needed to achieve the
primary MAAQS of 75 ug/m3 at the Fair Grounds and the Sewage Treat-
ment Plant are 46% (ill_i_21 x 100)  and 17% (§{; I |j x 100). respec-
tively.  Since as shown in Table 7,  expected emissions in 1977 from
both Allied Chemical and Crucible Steel result in  a combined reduc-
tion of 56%, it appears likely that the standard will be achieved by
1978.  However, the construction project at the Sewage Treatment
Plant may causa some air quality problems until 1979.
     For attainment of the 24-hour secondary standard of 150 ug/m3,
reductions from 1972 levels of 59% (j|§ ~ l^ x 100) and 26%
(i'3:z -—Hr x 10°) are needed at the Fair Grounds and Sewage Treat-
ment Plant sites, respectively.  By 1980, achievement of this stand-
ard at both sites has a reasonable liklihood of success assuming the
completion of the construction projects relating to Route 690 and
the installation of effective controls at Allied Chemical and
Crucible Steel.
     B.  Water Department Building
     The Water Department Building monitoring station has exhibited
a significant downward trend in annual particulate concentrations
since 1971.  The decline is attributable, in part, to the closing
of a nearby foundry and completion of its demolition.  From data
in Table 3, in 1972 the reduction needed to attain the primary stand
                                 -36-

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ard was 39% (}jj£ I ^ x 100) and by 197^ it was only 29%
(93 * 75 x 100)-  Despite this improvement in air quality, sig-
 V J   J U
nificant emission reductions from nearby roadways (Route 690 and
Erie Boulevard) are not expected to occur and, consequently, at-
tainment of the primary annual NAAOS is unlikely.
     In 1972, the reduction in emissions necessary to achieve the
secondary standard of 150 ug/rrv3 was 61% Hp - iso x 100\   By
                                         j j o    J U
1974, the reduction needed based oh the Water Department monitoring
site data was only 19% (|Z% ~ Lf° x 100)-  While some reduction in
TS? levels are likely from controls being established in the
Syracuse area for point sources, as discussed in Section V, this
reduction may not be sufficient for achievement of the secondary
NAAQS at this monitoring site.
     C.   County Trailer
     As calculated from trailer site >1974 data in Table 3, only a 6%
(73 I 3Q x 100) reduction is needed to achieve the primary annual
standard.  It is expected that as sources in the Syracuse area
become increasingly controlled, as discussed in Section V, a
general  improvement in air quality throughout Syracuse will be
sufficient for this site to attain the standard before 1980.
     The reduction necessary to attain the secondary standard is
30% (|^2_i_L|o. x 100), which is unlikely to be achieved since no
significant further emission reductions from sources impacting
on this  site are expected.
     D.   Niagara Mohawk Building
     As  indicated by Table 3, the Niagara Mohawk Building site showed
                                -37-

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a substantial improvement in the annual TSP concentration in 1974.
This may be the result, in part, of a reduction in fugitive dust
emissions from nearby construction projects.  Moreover, as construc-
tion of the Federal Building nears completion in 1976, emissions
will decrease further.  The 12% (^ I 30 x 100) reduction from the
1974 emissions needed to attain standards is likely to be achieved
by the ending of construction and the future control  of point
source emissions in the Syracuse area (see Section V).
     Based on 1974 data, the reduction needed to achieve the second-
ary standard is 19% (III - ^ x 100).  It is uncertain whether
                     j. / 3    J J
a reduction of this magnitude is likely at the Niagara Mohawk
Building monitoring site.
     E.  Post Office
     From Post Office site data in Table 3, East Syracuse requires
a 17% (§4 I 3jj x 100) reduction in emissions to attain standards.
This reduction can be achieved by control of fugitive dust emis-
sions coming from nearby construction projects and the cement plant.
However, regulations to control these emissions do not exist and
it is not expected that primary standards will be attained until
1976, after construction is completed.
     Achievement of the secondary standard requires a 31%
     " lj{j x 100) reduction.   This reduction appears  unlikely.
VII. Conclusions
     The total -suspended particulate concentrations recorded in the
Central Mew York AQCR demonstrate substantial  improvement in air
                              -38-

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quality since 1970.  However, widespread suspended particulate problems
currently exist in much of the Syracuse area and the annual  primary
standard in 1974 was exceeded at six sites.   In 1975, one of the six
sites, the Post Office Monitoring Site, attained the primary annual
standard.
     On-going control  programs for significant point sources exist
but are several years  behind schedule.   These are expected to permit
attainment of primary  standards by 1980 at some locations.  Fugitive
dust emissions from numerous roadway construction projects have not
been adequately controlled.   Only completion of these uncontrolled
projects or fugitive dust regulations will permit attainment of primary
standards at non-attaining sites.  Emissions from roadways also have
been inadequately controlled, but curtailment of these emissions is not
expected and this will cause some attainment problems to remain un-
solved.  It has been determined that these attainment problems will
cause "substantial" violations of the primary air quality standard.
VIII.  Recommendations
     In order to assure attainment of the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards in the Central  New York AQCR, it is recommended that:
     1.  The compliance status of Crucible Steel be ascertained and
     if necessary this source should be placed on a formal schedule.
     2.  The compliance status of Allied Chemical be closely monitored
     and no further extensions in its
                                 -39-

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schedule be granted.
3.  Fugitive dust emission regulations be considered
for promulgation by the State.
4.  A special study be conducted to determine the
relative contribution of point sources, fugitive dust
emission and road dust-type emissions at problem
monitoring sites.
5.  Continue development of Air Quality Maintenance
Plans to determine likelihood of achievement of the
secondary standard and assure its maintenance.   The
work should include modeling to determine the effect
of existing control strategies on spatial distribu-
tion of particulate levels.
                           -40-

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