EVALUATiai OF THE CONTROL STRATEGY FOR ATTAINfEfT OF WICNAL ATBIEIT

       AIR QUALITY STANDARDS FOR TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULARS


                   Niagara  Frontier Intrastata
                           AQCR (162)
                         PREPARED BY

               ENVIfWBfTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                    REGION II AIR BRANCH



                         APRIL 1976

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                     Table of Contents
                                                     Page
   I.  AQCR Characteristics                           1
  II.  Problem Definition             *                4
 III.  Network Adequacy                              25
  IV.  Data Adequacy                                 37
   V.  Impacting Sources and Controls                38
  VI.  Evaluation of Control Strategy                58
 VII.  Conclusions                                   63
VIII.  Recommendations                               64

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                  LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
                            Tables
Table 1:   Buffalo, New York Relative Annual
           Frequency Distribution (% )
Table 2:   TSP Sites Exceeding Primary and Secondary
           NAAQS in 1974'
                                          •
Table 3:   TSP Sites Only Exceeding Secondary NAAQS in 1974
Table 4:   TSP Concentrations at Sites Exceeding Primary
           NAAQS in .1974
Table 5:   Second Highest 24-Hr. TSP Concentrations at Sites
           Only Exceeding Secondary NAAQS in  1974
Table 6:   Air Quality Report
Table 7:   Air Quality Summary Report
Table 8:   Principle Point Sources Impacting  on the Wyoming
           Avenue Monitoring Site
Table 9:   Principle Point Sources Impacting  on the Girard
           Avenue, Kies Avenue and Niagara Falls Park
           Monitoring Sites
Table 10:  Principle Point Sources Impacting  on the Sewage
           Treatment Plant (Lackawanna),  Ridge Road and
           Public School #4 Monitoring Sites
Table 11:  Principle Point Sources Impacting  on the Holy
           Family Church, Public School #26,  Public School
           #28 and Dingens Street Monitoring  Sites
                            Figures
Figure 1:  New York State Air Quality Control Region.s
Figure 2:  Wind Rose for Buffalo, New York
Figure 3:  Total Suspended Particulates Running Annual
           Average, by Quarter, Site:  334740003F01 (3102-07)
           Wyoming Avenue
Page

  5

  7

  9
10

14

26
36
39

43

47

51
 2
 6
15

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                  List of Tables  and  Figures

                                                                 Page

                            Figures

Figure 4:   Total  Suspended Particulates  Running  Annual              16
           Average, by Quarter, Site:   334740006F01  (3102-09)

Figure 5:   Total  Suspended Particulates  Runnina  Annual               17
           Average, by Quarter , Site:   334740007F01  (3102-11)
           Kies Avenue

Figure 6:   Total  Suspended Particulates  Running  Annual               18
           Average, by Quarter, Site:   334740009F01  (3102-12)
           Niagara Falls  Park

Figure 7:   Total  Suspended Particulates  Running  Annual               19
           Average, by Quarter, Site:   333520001F01  (1402-11)
           Sewage Treatment Plant (Lackawanna)

Figure 8:   Total  Suspended Particulates  Running  Annual  Average,  '    20
           by Quarter, Site:   333520002F01  (1402-02)  Ridge Road

Figure 9:   Total  Suspended Particulates, Running Annual  Average,     21
           by Quarter, Site:   330220006F01  (1401-02)
           Holy Family Church

Figure 10:  Total  Suspended Particulates, Running Annual  Average,     22
           by Quarter, Site:   330660003F01  (1401-11)  Public
           School  #4

Figure 11:  Total  Suspended Particulates, Running Annual  Average,.     23
           by Quarter, Site:   330660005F01  (1401-18)  Dingens
           Street

Figure 12:  Total  Suspended Particulates, Running Annual  Averaqe,     24
           by Quarter, Site:   336760002F01  (1472-04)  Sewage
           Treatment Plant (Tonawanda)

Figure 13:  Point Sources  Impacting on the Wyoming Avenue            40
           Monitoring Site.

Figure 14:  Point Sources  Impacting on the Girard Avenue, Kies        44
           Avenue and Niagara Falls  Park Monitoring  Sites

Figure 15:  Point Sources  Impacting on the Sewage Treatment Plant     48
           (Lackawanna),  Ridge Road  and  Public School  #4
           Monitoring Sites

Figure 16:  Point Sources  Impacting on the Holy Family Church,         53
           Public School  #26, Public  School  #28  and  Dingens
           Street Monitoring Sites

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                  List of Tables  and  Figures
                            Figures

Figure 17:  Point Sources  Impacting  on  the  Sewage                  57
            Treatment Plant (Tonawanda)  Monitoring  Site

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I.   AQCR Characteristics
     The Niagara Frontier Intrastate AQCR is  comprised  of two
counties, Erie and Niagara, located in the northwestern portion
of New York State (see Figure 1).   The AQCR covers  an area of
1,321 square miles and in 1970 had a population of  1,349,211  per-
son's.  The population for 1975 is  estimated at 1,359,785 persons.
     The AQCR is densely populated and heavily industrialized.
The population densities in 1970 were 1,286 people  per  square
mile in Erie County and 519 people per square mile  in Niagara County.
Most of the industrialization is centered in  the areas  of Buffalo,
Tonawanda and Niagara Falls.   Steel and chemical  industries pre-
dominate in the AQCR and large petroleum complexes  are  also present.
The northern portion of Niagara County borders on Lake  Ontario
while the eastern portion of Erie  and Niagara Counties  border on
Lake Erie and Canada.
     The terrain of the AQCR is low and level to the west and
gently rolling to the east and south; it rises to pronounced  hills
within 12 to 18 miles of Buffalo and to 1,000 feet  above the  level
of Lake Erie at a point some 35 miles south-southeast of the  City
of Buffalo.  The weather is varied and changeable,  characteristic
of the latitude.  Wide seasonal swings of temperature from hot to
cold are tempered appreciably by the proximity of Lakes Erie  and
Ontario.  Lake Erie lies to the southwest, the direction of the
prevailing wind.  Wind flow throughout the year is  somewhat higher
                                -1-

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                                                                  I
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than that experienced by locations further inland due to this  exposure.
The vigorous interplay of warm and cold air masses during the  winter
and early spring months causes one or more windstorms.   Precipitation
is moderate and fairly evenly divided throughout the twelve months.
     The spring season is cloudy and cooler than at points not af-
fected by the cold lake.  Vegetation growth is  retarded, a fact that
protects it from late spring frosts.  With heavy winter ice accumula-
tions in the lake, typical spring conditions are delayed until late
May or early June.
     Summer comes suddenly in mid-June.  Lake breezes temper the
extreme heat of the summer season and temperatures of-90° and  above
are infrequent.  There is more summer sunshine here than in any
other section of New York State.  Due to the stabilizing effects
of Lake Erie, thunderstorms are relatively infrequent;  most of
which are caused by frontal action.  To the north and south of the
City of Buffalo thunderstorms occur more often.
     Autumn has long, dry periods and is frost free usually until
mid-October.  Cloudiness increases in November, continuing through-
out the winter and early spring.  Snow flurries off the lake begin
in mid-November or early December.  Outbreaks of arctic air in December
and on through the winter months produce locally heavy snowfalls.
At the same time, temperatures of well .below zero over Canada  and
the Midwest are raised 10° F to 30° F in crossing the lakes.  Only
on rare occasions do polar air masses drop southward from eastern
Hudson Bay across Lake Ontario without appreciable warming.
                               -3-

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     Table 1 presents the relative frequency distribution of wind  di-
rection for the Buffalo, New York area and Figure 2 is the wind rose
for the same area.  For purpose of this report, it is assumed that this
data applies throughout the entire AQCR.
II.  Problem Definition
     The rpimary National Ambient Air Quality-Standard (NAAQA) for total
suspended particulate matter (TSP) is scheduled for attainment in  the
Niagara Frontier by July 1977.  In 1974, the most recent year with com-
plete air quality data, fifteen (15) monitoring stations contravened the
primary NAAQS.  In 1975, six of these stations had attained the primary
standard of 75 ug/m3.
     In 1974, all fifteen non-attaining sites contravened the primary
annual  standard of 75 ug/m3 and seven of these contravened the primary
24-hour standard of 260 ug/m3.  The secondary 24-hour standard of  150
ug/m3 was exceeded in the AQCR at three additional sites.  A listing of
all sites which contravened national standards is presented in Tables 2
and 3.
     A historical review of air quality at the fifteen sites contraven-
ing the primary TSP standard  n 1974 is provided in Table 4.  Running
annual  geometric means of ten sites from 1970 through 1975 are plotted
 in Figures 3 through 12.  Data from four sites which were part of a
short-term special study are not plotted.  No analysis is presentes for
the Eagle Street monitor because it could not be determined whether this  site was
                              -4-

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              Table 1

    Buffalo, New York Relative
Annual Frequency Distribution (%)
Wind Direction
N
NNE
NE
ENE
E
ESE
SE
SSE
S
SSW
SW
WSW
W
WNW
NW
NNW

Frequency (%}
4.9
2.7
3.9
4.1
5.8
3.1
2.6 .
3.9
10.1
8.2
10.0
15.3
13.0
5.4
3.7
. . . • . .3.6 	

                 -5-

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;* ——I

      220'
      140'
M
      230
      130
      240
      120
,  H

          j i 1111 r 1111111111 i  1111111  j i"m

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                                  Table 2

                     TSP Sites Exceeding Primary and
                          Secondary NAAQS in 1974
Site ID Nos. and Address

334740003F01  (310207)
1443 Wyoming Avenue
Niagara Falls, M.Y.

334740006F01  (310209)
63rd St. and Girard Avenue
Niagara Falls, N.Y.

334740007F01  (310211)
5610 Kies Avenue
Niagara Falls, N.Y.

334740009F01  (310212)
Niagara Falls Park
Parks Dept. Building, Robbins Drive
Niagara Falls, N.Y.

330660006F01  (140102)
Holy Family Church
920 lift Street
Buffalo, N.Y.

330660003F01  (140111)
Public School 26
84 Harrison Street
Buffalo, N.Y.

330660010G05  (140113)
Public School 28
1515 South Park Avenue
Buffalo, N.Y.

330660005F01  (140118)
Dingens and Weiss Streets
Buffalo, N.Y.
UTM Coordinates
Worthing  4776854
Easting    659043
Northing  4777900
Easting    175000
Northing  4777700
Easting    174400
Northing  4779090
Easting    172800
Northing  4750700
Easting    187400
Northing  4753300
Easting    187100
Northing  4752215
Easting    186915
Northing  4754000
Easting    188800
                                    -7-

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                                  Table 2
                                (continued)

                      TSP Sites Exceeding Primary and
                           Secondary NAAQS in 1974
Site ID Nos. and Address

330660007F01  (140119)
134 West Eagle Street
Buffalo, N.Y.

330660012605  (140127)
Great Lakes Dock and Dredge Co,
Catherine Street
Buffalo, N.Y.

333520001F01  (140201)
Sewage Treatment Plant
Lackawanna, N.Y.

333520002F01  (140202)
Our Lady of Victory Convent
800 Ridge Road
Lackawanna, N.Y.

333520004G05  (140209)
Public School 4
llth Street
Lackawanna, N.Y.

336760002F01  (147204)
Sewage Treatment Plant
779 Two Mile Creek Road
Tonawanda, N.Y.

336760008G05  (147209)
N.Y. State Thruway George
Grand Island Boulevard
Tonawanda, N.Y.
UTM Coordinates
Northing  4755100
Easting    183100
Northing  4751930
Easting    184715
Northing  4748400
Easting    186100
Northing  4748400
Easting    187500
Northing  4748900
Easting    185300
Northing  4767500
Easting    181900
Northing  4766310
Easting    181085
                                     -8-

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                                  Table 3

                         TSP Sites Only Exceeding
                           Secondary NAAQS 1974
Site ID Nos. and Address

334740001A01/P01
City Hall
Main Street and Cedar Avenue
Niagara Falls, New York
UTM Coordinates
Northing  4773072
Easting    658272
333760002F01  (315202)
Day Road
Lewiston, New York
Northing  4783900
Easting    172250
331020001F01  (145501)
Town Hall
Cheektowage, New York
Northing  4756700
Easting    193600
                                   -9-

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                        Table 4

         TSP Concentrations at Sites Exceeding
                 Primary NAAQS in 1974
                     Wyoming Avenue
                 334740003F01  (310207)

              Annual Geometric          Second Highest 24-Hour
Year            Mean (ug/m3)             Concentration (ug/m3)

1970                 96                         271
1971                 94                         212
1972                 86                         204
1973                 81                         191
1974                 81                         228
1^75    •             69                         183****

                     Girard Avenue
                 334740006F01  (310209)

              Annual Geometric          Second Highest 24-Hour
Year            Mean (ug/m3)             Concentration (ug/m3)

1970                 157                        380
1971                 136                        278
1972                 115                        218
1973                  99                        251
1974                  95                        173
1
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                        Table 4
                      (continued)
                  Niagara Falls Park
                334740009F01  (310212)
              Annual  Geometric          Second Highest 24-Hour
Year            Mean (ug/m3)             Concentration (ug/m3)

1971                 --*                        208**
1972                 97                         205
1973                 89                         182
1974                 88                         1
1P7S                 84                         190

                 Holy Family Church
                330660006F01  (140102)

              Annual  Geometric          Second Highest 24-Hour
Year            Mean (ug/m3)             Concentration (ug/m3)

1971                 ..*                        162**
1972                .95                         195
1973                 93                         213
1974                 88                         196
1975                 77                         192****

                   Public School  26
               330660003F01  (140111)

              Annual  Geometric          Second Highest 24-Hour
Year            Mean (ug/m3)             Concentration (ug/m3)

1970                 153                        459
1971                 136                        311
1972                 126                        290
1973                 122                        303
1974                 125                        289
1975                  90                        212****

                  Public School  28***
                3306600010G05  (140113)

              Annual  Geometric           First Highest 24-Hour
Year            Mean (ug/m3)             Concentration (ug/m3)

1974                 107                        352
1975                  90                        243

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                        Table 4
                      (continued)
                    Dingens Street
                330660005F01  (140118)

              Annual Geometric          Second Highest 24-Hour
Year            Mean (ug/m2;             Concentration (ug/m3)

1970                 118                        256
1971                 119                        279
1972                 105                        290
1973                  97                        270
1974                  84    '                    208
1975                  68                        187****

                     Eagle Street
                330660007F01  (140119)

              Annual Geometric          Second Highest 24-Hour
Year            Mean (ug/m3)             Concentration (ug/m3)

1971                —*                         192**
1972                87                          228
1973                77                          251
1974                78                          258
1975                69                          167****

                 Katherine Street***
                330660012G05  (140127)

              Annual Geometric           First Highest 24-Hour
Year            Mean (ug/m3)             Concentration (ug/m3)

1974                78                          363
1975                74                          223

          Sewage Treatment Plant (Lackawanna)
                333520001F01  (140201)

              Annual Geometric          Second Highest 24-Hour
Year            Mean (ug/m3)             Concentration (ug/m3)

1970                166                         400
1971                139                         372
1972                107                         299
1973                123                         385
1974                118                         385
1975                100                         25*****
                          VI2.

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                        Table 4
                      (continued)
                      Ridge Road
                333520002F01  (140202)

              Annual Geometric          Second Highest 24-Hour
Year            Mean (ug/m3)             Concentration (ug/m3)

1970                 117                        262
1971                 103                        284
1972                 100                        218
1973                  94                        223
1974                  81                        188
1975                  74                        180****

                  Public School  4***
                333520004G05  (140209)

              Annual Geometric           First Highest 24-Hour
Year            Mean (ug/m )             Concentration (ug/m3)

1974                 215                        653
1975                 142                        592
          Sewage Treatment Plant (Tonawanda)
                336760002F01  (147204)

              Annual Geometric          Second Highest 24-Hour
Year            Mean (ug/m3)             Concentration (ug/m3)

1970                  88                        174
1971                  88                        189
1972                  87                        157
1973                  76                        160
1974                  75                        135
1975                 134                        508****

          New York State Thruway Garage***
                336760008G05  (147209)

              Annual Geometric           First Highest 24-Hour
Year            Mean (ug/m3)             Concentration (ug/m3)

1974                 124                        475
1975                  96                        -222
*   insufficient data to complete annual geometric mean
**  second highest concentration based on partial annual data
*** Special, Study Monitors - Six Month Coke Oven Study
**** 99 nercenttle of Arithmetic Mean  used  to  approximate
     Second Highest 24-hr concentration

                          -13-

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                           Table 5
           Second Highest 24-Hr. TSP Concentrations
       at Sites Only Exceeding Secondary NAAQS in 1974
                                        2nd Highest 24-Hr
Site                                  Concentration (ug/m3)
City Hall, Niagara Falls                       156
Day Road, Lewiston                             158
Town Hal 1, Cheektowage                         165
                             -14-

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    120r-
    110
    100
    90
     60
  to
;  ^E

!  cr.
if  3
     70
yj  GO
-;  s-
:  "c  50
i  o
!!  C
  O
     30
     20
     10
      0
      1970
                                                 Running Annual Average,  hy  Quarter
                                                    Site: 334740003F01   (3102-07)
                                                           Uyomi'ng Avenue
                               1971
                                                      T377
TT7T
                                                                                                          197»t
TeTs
                                                              Year Ending

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                                              Figure 4  Total  Suspended Partlculates
                                                Running Annual  Average, by Quarter
                                                   Site:  334740006F01   (3102-09)
                                                            Girard Avenue
  21* or*
  220-
  200-
  180
  160
CO
 E
 to

4->
 C

 olOO
 c
 o
   80
   60
   20
                                                                                                               NAAQS
    9970-
1971
1972
                                                                             1973
                                                                           197»»
                                                                                                                               1975
                                                             Year Ending

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                                                      c)  "iiTcul Su3:pic!ndeo Y
                                                 Running Annual'Average, by Quarter
                                                 '   Site: 334740007F01   (3102-11)
                                                             Kie's Avenue
   2"*0
   220
   200
   180
   160
CO
 E

"c?. 1UO
   120
 o
o
   100
    80
    60
    20
     0
     1970
                                                                                                              NAAQS
1971
1972
                                                   1973
197"4 .
                                                                                                     19;
                                                              Year Ending

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 120
 110
 100
  90
  80
   70
§  50
c
o
O
   30
   20
   10
                                             Figure 6  Total  Suspended  Partlculates
                                              Running Annual  Average,  by Quarter

                                                  Site:  334740009F01   (3102-12)
                                                      Niagara Falls  Park
                                                                                  NAAQS
     1970
1971
1972
                                                                            1973
                                                                         1971+
                                                                                                                             1975
                                                           Year Ending

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    220
    200
    180
    160
5  "e
L.2 120
 i to
  o
 • c
  o
    100
     80
     60
     20
      0
                                               Figure 7  Total Suspended Particufates
                                                 .Running Annual Average, by Quarter
                                                    Site: 333520001F01   (1402-01)
                                                 Sewage Treatment Plant  (Lackawanna)
                                                                                                              NAAQS
      1970
1971
1972
1973
1975
                                                             .Year Ending

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                                                Runninq Annual Averaoe, by Quarter.

                                                  Site: 333520002F01  (1402-02)

                                                           Ridge Road
m

 E
   120
   110
   100
    90
    80
    70
 §  50
 c
 o
o
    30  -
    20
    10  -
     0
                                                                                                                NAAQS
      1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
197
                                                           Year  Ending

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    120
   110
   100
    90
    80
   -70
I  C
ro o 60

I  -4->
  fC
  S50
  o
  c
  o
    30
    20
    10
     0
                                               Figure  9  'Vbtal  Suspended  ^articulates
                                                 Running Annual  Average,  by Quarter
                                                    Site:  330660006F01   (1401-02)
                                                        Holy  Family  Church
                                                                                                                 NAAQS
      1970
1971
                                                      1972    '                1973

                                                            Year Ending
                                                                         197U
1975

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                                              Figure 10 Total  Suspended Partlculates
                                                Running Annual Average, by Quarter
                                                   Site: 330660003F01  (1401-11)
                                                         Public School  26
   220
   200
   180
 m
  E

  cr,
   •160
   •1UO
  o

'!
  QJ
  c 100
  O
 O
    80
    6C
    2C
                                                                                                             NAAQS
     1970
                            1971
                                                    1972
                                                                             1973
                                                                                                                             1975
                                                            Year Ending

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                                                        ;11 'iwildl Suapendeu  rarticuiates
                                                   Running Annual' Average,  by  Quarter
                                                      Site; 330660005F01   (1401-18)
                                                             Djngens Street
- --t
   120
   110
   100
    90
    80
•1
  m
   E
  "S7
.
.1 to
I  •*->
  £50
  u
     3C-
      1970
                            1971
1972
                                                                               1973
                                                                                                       1974
                                                                           1975
                                                               Year Ending

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                                         Figure 12 Total Suspended' Particulates
                                           Running Annual Average, by Quarter
                                              Site: 336760002F01  (1472-04)
                                            Sewage Treatment Plant (Tonawanda)
1201
110
100
 90
 80
 70
                                                                                                         NAAQS
 60
 50
 40]
 30
 20
 10
   1970
                          1971
                                                  1972
                                                                           1973
                                                                                                                          197
                                                       Year Ending

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impacted by point sources.   Consequently,  no trend  analysis  is
presented for this site.   The second  maxima TSP concentrations
at each of the sites exceeding only the secondary NAAQS  are
listed in Table 5.
     The four sites which were part of the special  study effort
are noted in Table 4 with three asterisks.   The Katherine
Street monitor (number 10 on Figure 16) was sited in  order
to quantify the long distance impact  of coke oven emissions
from Bethlehem Steel on air quality.   The  Public School  #28
monitor (number 7 on Figure 16) measures the impact on air quality
of emissions from coking operations generated at the  Donna Hanna
Plant.  The Public School £4 (number  13 on Figure 15) measures  the short
distance impact of Bethlehem Steel  operations on air  quality
while the New York State Thruway Garage (number 14 on Figure
15) attempts to determine the same  for the Allied Chemical facility.

III.  Network Adequacy
     The network of 53 total suspended particulate monitoring sites
in the AQCR more than satisfies the Federal requirement of 11 as
set forth in 40 CFR 5T.17.   New York  State, in its  implementation
plan, has commited to the operation of 54  stations.  The annual
geometric means for TSP at all monitoring  sites operating in the
AQCR from 1970 through 1974 are presented  in Table 6  and summarized
in Table 7.  The latter includes a  combined index which  computes
a composite trend of particulate levels in the AQCR.   This index
                              -25-

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                                                       Table
                                                 Air Quality Report
    AQCR: Niagara Frontier (162)
    Attainment Date: July 1977
Pollutant: Total Suspended Particulates
National Ambient Air Quality Standards  Primary 75 ug/rc3
Monitoring Station Location
EPA ID j?
. {State ID 0
- 333920001 F01
• (310102)
' 333920002F01
(310109)
£333920005F01
1 (310112)
333920006F01
(310113)
333920003F01
(310114)
333920009F01
(310115)
County
Niagara
Niagara
Niagara
Niagara
Niagara
Niagara
Municipality
Lockport
Lockport
Lockport
Lockport
Lockport
Lockport
Site Description
Suburban-
Commercial
Suburban-
Residential
Central City-
Residential
Rural -
Aaricultural
Center City-
Commercial
Center City-
Commercial
Annual Geometric Mean (ug/rn3)
1970
58
55
61
?


1971
53
55
71
59
56
77
1972
54
50
58
53
55
66
1973
55
48
65
56
57
69
1974
48
43
57
46
49
60
1975
44
43
49
48
49
58
Comments






? = failed to meet average criteria
T = station terminated

-------
                                                       Table  6
                                                 Air Quality Report
    AQCR: Niagara Frontier (162)
    Attainment Date: July 19.77
Pollutant: Total Suspended Parti dilates
National Ambient Air Quality Standards  Primary 75 ug/m3
Monitoring Station Location
EPA ID *
: (State ID -)
333920010F01
. . (310116)
334740001F01
(310201)
:, 334740003F01
£3(310207)
: 334740006F01
(310209)
334740007F01
(310211)
334740009F01
(310212)
County
Niagara
Niagara
Niagara
Niagara
Niagara
Niagara
ilur.icipality
Lockport
Niagara Falls
Niagara Falls
Niagara Falls
Niagara Falls
Niagara Falls
Site Description
Center City-
Commercial
Center City-
Commercial
City
Suburban-
Industrial
Center City-
Industrial
Suburban-
Residential
Annual Geometric Mean (ug/;n3)
1970

105
96
157
215

1971
66
102
94
136
173
?
1972
68
93
86
115
139
97
1973
66
81
81
99
110
89
1974
56
69
81
95
120
88
1975
54
62
69
88
22
84
Comments





•
? = failed to meet average criteria
T = station terminated

-------
                                                            Table  6
                                                      Air Quality  Report
         AQCR:  Niagara Frontier (162)
         Attainment  Date:  July 1977
Pollutant: Total Suspended Particulates
National Ambient Air Quality Standards  Primary 75 ug/m3
Monitoring Station Location
EPA ID #
(St?.te ID #)
334740008F01
(310213)
334730001F01
(315503)
334740001A01
ilASN P01
334900001F01
(310301)
334900002F01
(310304)
334900004F01
(310306)
County
Niagara
Niagara
'Niagara
Niagara
Niagara
Niagara
Municipality
Niagara Falls
Niagara Falls
Niagara Falls
North
Tonawanda
North
Tonawanda
North
Tonawanda
Site Description
Center City-
Commercial
Rural - Near
Urban
Center City-
Commercial
Center City-
Commercial
Center City-
Commercial

Annual Geometric Mean (ug/rn3)
1970


109
96
69
168
1971
7
?
99
87
63
?
1972
93
71
97
79
60
T
1973
7
70
?
71
52

1974

56
74
64
50

1975

56

52
49

Comments






no-
00;
     ?  =  failed  to meet  average  criteria
     T  =  station  terminated

-------
                                                       Table 6
                                                 A1r Quality Report
    AQCR: Niagara Frontier (162)
    Attainment Date: July 1977
Pollutant: Total Suspended Particulates
National Ambient Air Quality Standards  Primary 75 ug/m3
Monitoring Station Location
EPA ID #
(State ID ?»
334900005F01
(310307)
3347 2000 1F01
(312001)
, 333760001F01
£(312102)
333760002F01
(315202)
334720002F01
(315001)
337455001F01
(316001)
County
Niagara
Niagara
Niagara
Niagara
Niagara
Niagara
Municipality
North
Tonawanda
Middleport
Lewiston (V)
Lewiston (T)
Cambria
Wheatfield
Site Description
Center City-
Commercial
Suburban-
Industrial
Center City-
Residential

Remote
Suburban-
Residential
Annual Geometric Mean (ug/m3)
1970
85
46
67
7
53

1971
77
50
?
78
52
69
1972
82
45
67
78
47
74
1973
73
45
62
71
44
62
1974
62
42
54
61
42
48
1975
60
47
53
54
45
50
Comments






? = failed to meet average criteria
T = station terminated

-------
                                                            Table 6
                                                      Air Quality Report
         AQCR: Niagara Frontier (162)
         Attainment Date: July 1977
Pollutant: Total Suspended Particulates
National Ambient Air Quality Standards  Primary 75 ug/m3
Monitoring Station Location
EPA ID if
(SUte ID it)
330660001 F01
(140101)
330660006F01
(140102)
330660002F01
(140105)
330660003F01
(140111)
330660010G05
(140113)
330660005F01
(140118)
County
Erie
Erie
Erie
Erie
Erie
Erie
Municipality
Buffalo
Buffalo
Buffalo
Buffalo
Buffalo
Buffalo
Site Description
Suburban-
Commercial
;enter City-
Commercial
Center City-
Residential
Center City-
Industrial
3enter City-
Industrial
Suburban-
Industrial
Annual Geometric Mean (ug/rn3)
1970
76

71
153

118
1971
73
?
79
136

119
1972
72
95
j
68
126

105
1973
71
93
60
122

97
1974
55
88
60
125
107
j
84
1975
55
77
59
90
75
68
Comments




6 Month Coke Oven Study

I
oo.
o
I
     ? = failed to meet average criteria
     T = station terminated

-------
                                                       Table  6
                                                 Air Quality Report
    AQCR: Niagara Frontier (162)
    Attainment Date: July 1977
Pollutant: Total Suspended Particulates
National Ambient Air Quality Standards  Primary 75 ug/m3
Monitoring Station Location
EPA ID F
(St(V:e ID /?)
330660007F01
(140119)
330660009F01
(140124)
330660013F01
,(140126)
330660012G05
(140127)
330660001A01
NASN /P01
333520001F01
(140201)
County
Erie
Erie
Erie
Erie
Erie
Erie
Municipality
Buffalo
Buffalo
Buffalo
Buffalo ?:'
Buffalo
Lackawanna
Site Description
Center City-
Commercial
Center City-
Industrial
Suburban-
Residential
Center City-
Industrial
Suburban-
Commercial
Center City-
Annual Geometric Mean (ug/ni3)
1970




99
166
1971
?



91
139
1972
87
?


96
107
1973
77
69


?
123
1974
78
68
71
78
72
(?)
118
1975
69
62
70
74

100
Comments



6 Month Coke Oven Study


? = failed to meet average criteria
T = station terminated

-------
                                                       Table 6
                                                 Air Quality Report
    AQCR: Niagara Frontier (162)
    Attainment Date: July 1977
Pollutant: Total Suspended Particulates
National Ambient Air Quality Standards  Primary 75 ug/m3
Monitoring Station Location
EPA ID #
(State ID #)
333520002F01
(140202)
333520004G05
(140209)
, 331540001F01
£(140501)
i
336230001F01
(142501)
330500001F01
(142902)
330020001 F01
(143201)
County
Erie
Erie
Erie
Erie
Erie
Erie
Municipality
Lackawanna
Lackawanna
Depew
Sloan
Blasdell
Akron
Site Description
Center City- .
Commercial
Center City-
Industrial
Suburban-
Residential
Suburban-
Residential
Suburban-
Residential
Suburban-
Industrial
Annual Geometric Mean (ug/m3)
1970
117


97

39
1971
103


85
?
56
1972
100


73
72
52
1973
94


69
61
48
1974
81
215
53
67
'60
41
1975
74
142
48
56
62
43
Comments

6 Month Coke Oven Study




? = failed to meet average criteria
T = station terminated

-------
                                                            Table 6
                                                      Air Quality Report
         AQCR:  Niagara Frontier (162)
         Attainment  Date:  July 1977
Pollutant: Total Suspended Particulates
National Ambient Air Quality Standards  Primary 75 ug/m3
Monitoring Station Location
EPA ID #
(State ID #)
330130101F01
(145104)
330130002F01
(145103)

331020001F01
(145501)
332000004F01
(145601)
332000003F01
(146302)
County
Erie
Erie

Erie
Erie
Erie
Municipality
Amherst
Amherst

Cheektowaga
Clarence
Evans
Site Description
Rural -
Agricultural
Suburban-
Residential

Suburban-
Residential
Suburban-
Residential
Suburban-
Residential
Annual Geometric Mean (ug/rn3)
1970



91


1971
?


81


1972
64
?

85

33
1973
51
73

66

35
1974
54
68

70
43
39
1975
54
69

61
38
34
Comments






I
OJ
CO
1.
     ? = failed to meet average criteria
     T = station terminated

-------
                                                       Table 6
                                                 Air Quality Report
    AQCR: Niagara Frontier (162)
    Attainment Date: July 1977
Pollutant: Total Suspended Particulates
National Arnbient Air Quality Standards  Primary 75 ug/m3
Monitoring Station Location
EFY- ID #
(Stste ID ;/)
332000011 F01
(146601)
333640001F01
(146701)
333420001F01

-------
                                                       Table  6
                                                 Air Quality Report
    AQCR: Niagara Frontier  (162)
    Attainment Date: July 1977
Pollutant: Total Suspended Particulates
National Arnbient Air Quality Standards  Primary 75 ug/m3
Monitoring Station Location
EPA ID #
(State ID ?/)
336760008G05
(147209)
337450002F01
(147402)
337450001F01
• (147403)
en
l


County
Erie
Erie
Erie



Municipality
Tonawanda
West Seneca
Hest Seneca



Site Description
Suburban-
Industrial
Suburban-
Industrial
Suburban-
Residential



Annual Geometric Mean (ug/tn3)
1970






1971

?
?



1972

79
55



1973

64
50



1974
124
65
43



1975
96
59
47



Comments
6 Month Coke Oven Study





? = failed to meet average criteria
T = station terminated

-------
                                                         Table  7


                                               Air Quality Summary Report
               AQCR: Niagara Frontier
               Attainment Date: July 1977
Pollutant: Total Suspended Particulates
           (Annual)

Sites Reporting Complete Data
Number (& percent) of sites above 75 ug/m3
Number (& percent) of sites above 60 ug/m3
j Maximum (ug/m3)
•>
Minimum (ug/rn3)

Combined Index
Combined Index (Normalized)
1970
27
18
(66.7)
21
(71.8)
215
39

96.1
100
1971
31
18
(57.10)
21
(74.2)
173
44

90.0
93.7
1972
45
22
(48.9)
33
(73.3)
139
33

85.6
89.1
1973
44
12
(27.3)
30
(68.2)
123
34

76.8
79.9
1974
53
14
(26.4)
28
(52.8)
215
31

71.9
74.8
1975
*
*
*
*
*
.
*
*
Comments








I
OJ
cr>
i
                           *  Not  calculated  due  to  addition  of  new  sites  in 1975

-------
compensates for monitoring stations terminating and new stations
starting during the period of analysis.   Table 7 also includes a
normalized combined index which is  the ratio of the base year (1970)
index to succeeding years.

IV.  Data Adequacy
     The quality of data from TSP samplers  operated by the New
York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC)  is
satisfactory.   In the Niagara Frontier AQCR, Niagara County and
Erie County personnel operate the monitors  in their respective
counties.  The monitors are in good condition and receive main-
tenance and calibration every 400 hours of  operation.  The monitors
in Niagara County are calibrated using an orifice which is refer-
ence calibrated with a Roots Meter.
     With the exception of a site in Niagara Falls (334740003F01/
3102-07) all nonattaining sites have good atmospheric ventilation
exposure characteristics (The Niagara Falls station is located
at ground level and bordered by hedges and  a garage).  The TSP
sites in the AQCR are, for the most part, representative of
population exposure to both point and area  sources of particulate
matter.
     The TSP monitors in the AQCR consisteritlyreport sufficient
data so that statistically representative annual geometric
means are available.  The majority of stations operate every
sixth day.  Several stations in Erie County are on more fre-
quent schedules ranging from sampling once  every third day to

                              -37-

-------
to once every day.
V.   Impacting Sources and Controls
     The control  strategy selected by MYSDEC to reduce  emissions  of
participate matter in the Niagara  Frontier  AQCR is  based  upon  en-
forcement of the following State regulations:
     NYCRR Part 212 - Processes  and  Exhaust and/or
                      Ventilation  Systems
     NYCRR Part 213 - Contaminant  emissions from
                      Ferrous  Jobbing Foundaries
     NYCRR Part 214 - By-Product Coke Oven  Batteries
     NYCRR Part 215 - Open Fires
     NYCRR Part 219 - Incinerators
     NYCRR Part 227 - Stationary Combustion Installations
     A.  Wyoming Avenue Monitoring Station
     The significant point sources which impact on  the  Wyoming
Avenue monitoring site are Airco Alloys, Union  Carbide-National
and Union Carbide-Republic. The location of these  sources  relative
to the monitoring site are listed  in Table  8 and shown  in  Figure
13.  The monitor is identified by  the number 1  in Figure  13.
     1.  Airco Alloys
     In 1974, Airco Alloys achieved  compliance  with all applicable
State regulations.   The source is  located at a  distance of 0.4
miles south southeast (SSE) of the monitoring site.   After achieving
compliance, the source's particulate emissions  decreased  to 60
tons/yr.  As shown in Table 1  and  Figure 2, the frequency  of wind
from the SSE direction is 3.9%.   Based on this  fact,  it is  not
expected that this source is presently contributing greatly to the
                                -38-

-------
                                          Table 8

                           Principle Point Sources Impact on the
                              Wyoming Avenue Monitoring Site
Source

Airco Alloys  a

Union  Car-   b
bide National
Union
Carbide
Republic
 Map       Stack
Symbol   Information
         9 stacks

        38 stacks
        varying
        heights

        23 stacks
        varying
        heights
  Distance
& Direction
from Monitor

 0.4 mi SSE

 0.6 mi S



 1.0 mi SE
Emissions
   1975
(tons/yr)

    -60

    192
    147
Emissions
   1977
(tons/yr)

    •60

    192
    147
 Percent
Reduction
(1975-77)

    0

    0
  TOTAL
                                            399
                                 399
                                            -39-

-------
         Figure 13

Point Sources Impacting on the

Hyoming Avenu? Monitoring Sit?

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                            • —-,•--, - .   ,Ck- ,,: \j.
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                     /{•-^^t^i^.^Tu^...^^ ^   ':-'. I

                     SP$%^Wj
                     FCC-ra^^^rtTtffif -;;
             ₯ £b=&s^^°- tg?A^^"
             ^(.^^g^^^^^gi^:


             ("^^^Sfeljsjl^li^^'/p:. V~J"K?;
             il'-V—srfcpr* 	U-»^_>M«sii_^ljJjto«i; -•  i  • .'/•.-' f
• ^l!^fcSfe^^V?^
; ^rfrjsm:^4  : li^fe^^fc^fe^^S,.
1 cU^E^UiETgf./ V; ~^->>2J"t x •V^srAT^pq-f-—v__j—1_,_ .
• ^Ui4lkJ_&i'y^ / •/:.• fO^.y^rr^.aaaaaXD. •'•  .nturrr;'
^ffii^&/;i4^
"•• ^•t-'n-fcH*'"'• -vM^Pf £iu*g!i•-)'»- I-- ',-;--r\—- .>
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-------
concentrations being recorded at the monitoring site.
     2.  Union Carbide-National
     In November 1974, Union Carbide-National  achieved compliance
with all applicable State regulations.   Two emission points  within
the facility reduced their particulate  matter  emissions by 99% from
1,457 tons/yr to 15 tons/yr.  As shown  in  Table 8,  the source is
located to the south of the monitor at  a distance of 0.6 miles.
Table 1 shows that wind from a southerly direction  occurs 10.1%
of the time.  Since there are no significant sources located to
the southwest, west southwest or west (the other directions  of high
wind frequency) Union Carbide-National  should  have  the greatest
impact on the monitoring site.  This is confirmed by Figure  3
which shows that from the year ending with the fourth  quarter of
1974 to the year ending the third quarter  of 1975 the  annual
geometric mean decreased from 81 ug/m3  to  72 ug/m3, attaining the
primary standard of 75 ug/m3.  This reduction  in air quality can
be directly  attributable to the reductions achieved by this
facility in November 1974.
     3.  Union Carbide-Republic
     The source is in compliance with all  applicable State regula-
tions and is located 1.0 mile to the southeast of the  monitoring
site.  In 1975, the source emitted 147  tons/year of particulate
matter.  Due to the small frequency of  wind from the southeast
direction (2.6%) it is not expected that this  source has appreciable
impact on the monitoring site.
                                -41-

-------
     B.  Girard Avenue,  Kies  Avenue and  Niagara  Falls  Park
         Monitoring Stations
     The significant point sources  impacting  on  the Girard Av.,
Kies Ave., and Niagara Falls  Park monitoring  sites  are Goodyear
Tire and Rubber Co., Hooker Chemical,  Nitek Paper  Corp. ,  Great
Lakes Carbon, Union Carbide-Acheson and  Airco Speer -  Carbon
Graphite.  The location  of these sources relative  to the  monitoring
sites are listed in Table 9 and shown  in Figure  14.  The  Girard
Ave site is identified by the number 2 on Figure 14, the  Kies Ave.
                 >
site by the number 3 and the  Niagara Falls  Park  site by the number
4.
     1.  Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company
     This source is in compliance with all  applicable  State regula-
tions and in 1975 emitted 231 tons/year  of particulate matter.   The
source is located 0.7 miles west of the  Girard Ave.  monitor,  0.3
miles northwest of the Kies Ave.  monitor and  1.3 miles southwest
of the Niagara Falls Park monitor.   Based on  examination  of Table
1 and Figure 2 it is expected that  this  source will  have  the  greatest
impact on the Girard Ave. monitoring site with lessening  effects on
the Kies Ave. and Niagara Falls Park monitoring  sites.
     2.  Hooker Chemical Company
     In June 1974 the source  achieved  full  compliance  with applicable
State regulations.   In 1975,  the source'emitted  39  tons/year  of
particulate matter.  Its location is 1.0 mile southwest of the
Girard Ave. site, 0.7 miles southwest  of the  Kies  Ave. site and
1.7 miles south southeast of  the Niagara Falls Park monitoring
site.  The wind blows from the southwest 10%  of  the time  and  3.9%
of the time from the south southeast.  As a result,  it is expected
                              -42-

-------
                                         Table  9

                 Principle Point  Sources  Impacting  on the  Girard Avenue,
                   Kies Avenue  and  Niagara  Falls  Park Monitoring Sites
Map Stack
Source Symbol Information
Goodyear Tire a
& Rubber
Hooker b
NiteG. c
Paper Corp.
Great Lakes d
Carbon
Union Carbide- e
Acheson
Airco Speer f
32 stacks -
varying hts.
75 stacks -
varying hts.
N/A
22 stacks -
varying hts.
26 stacks -
varying hts.
8 stacks -
varying hts.
Distance Emissions
& Direction 1975
from Monitors (tons/yr)
0.7 mi
0.3 mi
1.3 mi
1.0 nn
0.7 mi
1.7 mi
1.5 mi
0.7 mi
0.9 mi
0.7 mi
0.8 mi
1.7 mi
0.9 mi
0.7 mi
1.0 mi
1.0 mi
0.7 mi
1.0 mi
W 231
NW
SE
SW 39
SW
SSE
WNW 1,051
NW
SE
NW 162
MNE
ESE
NW 45
NNW
SE
ESE 6,647
SE
NW
Emissions Percent
1977 Reduction
(tons/yr) (1975-77)
231 0
39 0
376 64
0
45 0
335 95
   TOTAL
8,175
1,026
87
N/A - Not Available
                                          -43-

-------
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that this source will impact to a greater extent on the Girard Ave.  and
Kies Ave. sites than the Niagara Falls  Park site.
     3.  Nitec Paper Corporation
     The source is not in compliance with State regulations  but is  cur-
rently on a compliance schedule which will  bring the source  into compliance
by March 1, 1977.  At that time the source will reduce its emissions from
1,051 tons/yr to 376 tons/yr.   The source is located 1.5 miles west north-
west of the Girard Ave.  site,  0.7 miles northwest of the Kies  Ave.  site
and 0.9 miles southeast of the Niagara  Falls Park site.  After examination
of Table 1  and Figure 2, it can reasonably be concluded that this source
will have its greatest impact  on the Girard Ave. monitoring  site.
     4.  Great Lakes Carbon
     The compliance status of  this source is presently unknown.  The source
emits 162 tons/year of particulate matter.   It's location is 0.7 miles
northwest of the Girard Ave. site, 0.8  miles north northeast of the Kies
Ave. site and 1.7 miles east southeast  of the Niagara Falls  Park site.
From Table 1 and Figure 2 it can be seen that this source will have the
same impact on all three monitoring sites.
     5.  Union Carbide - Acheson
     The source is not in compliance with State regulations  and
is not expected to be in compliance by  1977.  It's location  is 0.9
miles northwest of the Girard  Ave. site, 0.7 miles north northwest
of the Kies Ave. site and 1.0  miles southeast of the Niagara Falls
Park site.   Analysis of Table  l.and Figure 2, shows that the source
will impact equally on the Girard Ave.  and Kies Ave. sites with the
                              •45-

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impact on the Niagara Falls Park site being less.
     6.  Airco Speer
     The source is presently not in compliance with State regulations.
By August 1976 the source will  reduce its emissions of particulate
matter from 6,647 tons/year to  335 tons/year (95% reduction).  The
source is located 1.0 mile east southeast of the Girard Ave. site,
0.7 miles southeast of the Kies Ave. site and 1.0 mile northwest of
the Niagara Falls Park site.  Table 1 shows that the wind frequencies
are as follows: ESE - 3.1%, SE  - 2.6%, NW - 3.7%.  If it is assumed
that the yearly emissions of particulate matter are uniform and that
all non-background particulate  matter collected at the sampling sites
is from Airco Speer, the reductions to be attained at this facility
will reduce the air quality levels at the three sites by the following
approximate amounts:
     (1)   Girard Avenue:      (.031)(.95)(94 - 40) = 1.6 ug/m3
     (11)  Kies Avenue:        (.026)(.95)(120- 40) = 2.0 ug/m3
     (111) Niagara Falls Park:  (.037)(.95)(86 - 40) = 1.6 ug/m3
     C.  Sewage Treatment Plant (Lackawanna), Ridge Road and
Public School #4 Monitoring Stations
     The significant point sources impacting on the Sewage Treatment
Plant (Lackawanna), Ridge Road  and Public School #4 monitoring sites
are Bethlehem Steel, Ford Motor Company, Hanna Furnace and Buffalo Brake
Beam.  The location of these sources relative to the monitoring sites is
listed in Table 10 and shown in Figure 15.  In Figure 15 the Sewage
Treatment Plant (Lackawanna) site is identified by the number 11, the
Ridge Road site by the number 12 and the Public School #4 site by  the
 number  13.
                            -46-

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                                        Table 10
                       Principle Point Sources Impacting on the
                  Sewage Treatment Plant (Lackawanna), Ridge Road and
                            Public School #4 Monitoring Sites
Source

Bethlehem
Steel
Ford Motor
Company
 Map       Stack
Symbol   Information

  a     Numerous
        19 stacks -
        varying hts.
Hanna Furnace   c
Buffalo Brake   d
Beam
    TOTAL
        16 stacks -
        varying hts,
         8 stacks -
        varying hts.
  Distance
 & Direction
from Monitors

  0.5 mi W
  1.5 mi W
  0.6 mi SSW-SW

  2.0 mi SSW
  3.0 mi SSW
  3.0 mi SW

  1.4 mi NW
  1.5 mi NNW
  0.5 mi N

  0.2 mi NW
  1.0 mi W W
  0.8 mi SSE
Emissions
   1975
(tons/yr)

  "7,300
      67
      11
      32
                                        -7,410
Emissions
   1977
(tons/yr)

    u*
    67
    11
    32
 Percent
Reduction
(1975-77)

    u*
    0
u* - undetermined
                                         -47-

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f i
'•4
fl
                                           Figure 15
                        •Point Sources Imoacting on the  Sev/ape Treatment Plant
                 .(Lackawanna), Ridqe Road and Public  School £4 Mom'tori no Sites

                                                    •prr-^-rv^^*'^ ^ ^'Js^~^^=LJ±^Ia,iZ
                                                    Wi^f4==J221^
                                               jS*j.-;vs:.:Nv .ST1"" !  'Luir^j ;.j ,   i - .-r,: ....  ...—  . ;^
                                               fjS^TiTS.-i: i-X-)r   <* ?,-/:> ;t—: "•-.-:I; u;'.x ''•.. NT;/
                                               '^ESEggi^4*  ^•ri/^!iT:Tr^---^-^^V
                                            -48-

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     1.  Bethlehem Steel
     This source is not in compliance with  applicable  State
regulations.  It is estimated that the source emits  7,300 tons/year
of particulate matter and is located  0.5 miles west  of the Sewage
Treatment Plant (Lackawanna) monitor, 1.5 miles  west of the Ridge
Road monitor and 0.6 miles south southwest  of the Public School  #4
monitor.  Based on examination of Table 1 and Figure 2 it is ex-
pected that this source will have the greatest impact  on the Public
School #4 monitor with a  lesser effect on the Sewage Treatment  Plant
and Ridge Road monitors.
     2.  Ford Motor Company
     The source is presently in compliance  with  all  applicable  State
regulations and is located 2.0 miles  south  southwest of the Sewage
Treatment Plant (Lackawanna) monitor, 3.0 miles  south  southwest of
the Ridge Road monitor and 3.0 miles  southwest of the  Public School
#4 monitor.  The source emits 67 tons/year  of particulate matter.
Taking into account the data presented in Table  1  and  Figure 2,  the
source's emissions and the source's distance from the  monitoring
sites, this source probably will have a relatively minor impact
on the three monitors.
     3.  Hanna Furnace
     This source is in compliance with State regulations and is
located 1.4 miles northwest of the Sewage Treatment  Plant
(Lackawanna) monitor, 1.5 miles west  northwest of the  Ridge Road
monitor and 0.5 miles north of the Public School  #4  monitor. The
emissions from this source in 1975 amounted to 11  tons/year of
                             -49-

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participate matter.   Due to its  location  and  size,  the source  will
probably impact minimally on all  three monitors.
     4.  Buffalo Brake Beam
     The source is in compliance  with  State  regulations and  is
located 0.2 miles northwest of the Sewage Treatment Plant (Lackawanna)
monitor, 1.0 miles west southwest of the  Ridge Road monitor  and  0.8
miles south southeast of the Public .School #4 monitor.  In 1975  this
source emitted 32 tons/year of particulate matter.   Examination  of
Table 1 and Figure 2 shows that this source  should  have its  greatest
impact on the Ridge Road monitor.
     D.  Holy Family Church, Public School 126.  Public School  #28
         and Dingens Street
     The significant point sources impacting  on  the Holy Family
Church, Public School #26, Public School  #28  and  Dingens Street
monitoring sites are Bethlehem Steel,  Hanna  Furnace,  Mobil Oil Re-
finery, Allied Chemical Company,  Republic Steel,  Donna Hanna Coke
Plant, Trico Products, Corp., Tobin Packing,  and  Pohlman Foundary.
The location of these sources relative to the monitoring sites are
listed in Table 11 and shown in  Figure 16.   In Figure 16, the  Holy
Family Church is identified by the number 5,  the  Public School #26
monitor by the number 6, the Public School #28 monitor by the
number 7 and the Dingens Street monitor by the number 8.
     1.  Bethlehem Steel
     See discussion under paragraph Cl of this section.  The source
is located 2.0 miles southwest of the  Holy Family Church monitor,
3.0 miles southwest of the Public School  #26  monitor, 2.5 miles
southwest of the Public School #28 monitor and 4.5  miles southwest
of the Dingens Street monitor.  Based  on  an  analysis of Table  1
                             -50-

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                                         Table  11
               Principle Point Sources  Impacting on  the  Holy  Family Church,
          Public School #26,  Public School #28 and Dingens  Street  Monitoring Sites
               Map       Stack
Source        Symbol   Information

Bethlehem       a      Numerous
Steel
Hanna Furnace
Mobil Oil
Republic Steel  f
Donna Hanna     g
Trico
      16 stacks -
      varying hts.
      13 stacks -
      varying hts.
Allied Chemical e     N/A
      14 stacks -
      varying hts.
      N/A
h     17 stacks -
      varying hts.
  Direction
 & Distance
from Monitors

 2.0 mi SW
   3 mi SW
 2.5 mi SW
 4.5 mi SW

 1.5 mi SW
 2.5 mi SSW
 1.8 mi SW
 3.5 mi SW

 1.3 mi NNW
 0.4 mi S
 0.5 mi N
 1.3 mi NE

 1.2 mi NNW
 0.5 mi SW
 0.5 mi NW
 1.5 mi NE

 1.3 mi NW
 1.0 mi SE
 0.5 mi NW
 1.5 mi NE.

 0.8 mi NW
 1.3 mi SSW
 0.5 mi SW
 2.4 mi SW

 1.8 mi NNW.
 0.5 mi SW
 1.0 mi NW •
 2.0 mi SW
                                     Emissions
                                        1975
                                     (tons/yr)

                                        7,300
        Emissions
           1977
        (tons/yr)
           Percent
          Reduction
          (1975-77)
 11
 11
114
114
                                          68
            68
128
128
 72
 18
 18
                                          -51-

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                                        Table 11
                                      (continued)
Tobin Packing    j      8 stacks -   2.3 mi NNE              1       1
                      18 ft. high   0.8 mi NE
                                    1.5 mi NNE
                                    0.8 mi SW

Pohlman Foundry  k      8 stacks -   2.5 mi NNE             41     41
                       15-55 ft.    1.0 mi ME
                       high         2.0 mi NNE
                                    0.8 mi NW

      TOTAL                                            -7,753     u*
u* -  undetermined
N/A - Not Available
                                          -52-

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                                         Figure 16
                         Point Sources Inoactinq on the Holy Family
                          Church,  Public School  #26, Public School
                           #28 and Dinqens Street Monitoring Sites
                             * -iS^t^^^^s,
                             jJS^!l:p^iy^
                             ttyftaa^^:* ij^£££^£§£
   XVAtV \  i\\-,-\»vr-**u*-Ei!l.1-'-i ? v'-—^-i;--- -•-••'  i M-i-^ \ j° il't—»v—4"

\

                                                .IK
                                                  ~'>AiV-

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it can be determined that the contribution of this  source to each
monitor is approximately equal.
     3.  Mobil Oil
     The source is in compliance with applicable State regulations
and in 1975 emitted 114 tons/yr  of particulate matter.  The source
is located 1.3 miles north northwest of the Holy Family Church
monitor, 0.4 miles south of the  Public School #26 monitor, 0.5 miles
north of the Public School #28 monitor and 1.3 miles  northeast of
the Dingens Street monitor.  From Table 1  it can be determined that
the source will exert the greatest effect  on the Public School #26
monitor.
     4.  Allied Chemical - Industrial  Chemical Division
     The source is in compliance with applicable State regulations
and is presently emitting 68 tons/yr of particulate matter.  It is
located 1.2 miles north northwest of the Holy Family Church monitor,
0.5 miles southwest of the Public School #26 monitor, 0.5 miles
northwest of the Public School #28 monitor and 1.5  miles northeast
of the Dingens Street monitor.  Again, examination  of Table 1 shows
that the source will have its greatest impact on the Public School
#26 monitor.
     5.  Republic Steel
     The source is in compliance with applicable State regulations
and is located 1.3 miles northwest of the  Holy Family Church
monitor, 1.0 miles southeast of  the Public School #26 monitor,
0.5 miles northwest of the Public School #28 monitor and 1.5 miles
                              -54-

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northeast of the Dingens Street monitor.   At the present time,  the
source is in compliance with applicable State regulations and  is
emitting 128 tons/yr of particulate matter.
     6.  Donna Hanna Coke Plant
     The compliance status of this  source is presently undetermined.
Due to the nature of the operations at this  plant (coking)  it  is
assumed that the source is not in compliance with applicable State
regulations.  In 1975, the source emitted 72 tons/yr of particulate
matter.  It is located 0.8 miles northwest of the Holy Family  Church
monitor, 1.3 miles south southwest  of the Public School #26 monitor,
0.5 miles southwest of the Public School  #28 monitor and 2.4 miles
southwest of the Dingens Street monitor.   Examination of Table  1
and the distance of the source from the monitors confirm that  the
source will impact greatest on the  Public School #28 monitor.
In fact, this monitor was placed in its present location as part
of a NYSDEC special study aimed at  quantifying the impact of
particulate matter emissions from coking operations on nearby
monitoring sites.
     7.  Trico Products Corp.
     The source is currently in compliance with all applicable  State
regulations and in 1975 emitted 18  tons/yr of particulate matter.
The source is located 1.8 miles north northwest of the Holy Family
Church monitor, 0.5 miles southwest of the Public School #26 monitor,
1.0 mile northwest of the Public School #28  monitor and 2.0 miles
southwest of the Dingens Street monitor.   Analysis of Table 1 and
                              -55-

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source location confirms that the source will  have its greatest impact
on the Public School  #26 monitor.
     8.  Tobin Packing
     In 1975, this source emitted only 1 ton/yr of particulate matter
and was in compliance with applicable State regulations.   The source
is located 1.8 miles  north northwest of the Holy Family Church monitor,
0.8 miles northeast of the Public School #26 monitor,  1.5 miles north
northeast of the Public School  #28 monitor and 0.8 miles  southwest of
the Dingens Street monitor.  Due to the minimal  emissions from this
source, the impact on the Dingens Street monitor will  be  virtually
negligible.
     9.  Pohlman Foundry
     The source is in compliance with all applicable State regulations
and in 1975 emitted 41 tons/yr of particulate  matter.   The source is
located 2.5 miles north northeast of the Holy  Family Church monitor,
1.0 miles northeast of the Public School #26 monitor, 2.0  miles north
northeast of the Public School  #28 monitor and 0.8 miles  northeast of
the Dingens Street monitor.  Analysis of Table 1 shows that this source
will have minimal impact on all three monitors.
     E.  Sewage Treatment Plant (Tonawanda)
     The only significant point source impacting on this  monitor is
the Allied Chemical facility.  The compliance  status of this source
is undetermined due to coking operations.  The source is  located
2.2 miles southwest of the monitoring site and in 1975 its emissions
were estimated to be 301 tons/yr of particulate matter.  The location
of this source relative to the monitoring site is shown in Figure
17.  The source is denoted by the letter 1 and the monitor by the
number #4.
                                -56-

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                 Figure 17
   Point Source Impacting on the Sewage
Treatment Plant (Tonawanda) Monitoring Site
                     -57-

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The monitor identified as number 15 is a special study site set up by
NYSDEC in an effort to quantify the impact of the particulate matter
emissions from coking operations at this facility on air quality.
VI.  Evaluation of Control Strategy
     A.  Wyoming Avenue
     The annual geometric mean at the Wyoming Avenue monitor for 1974
was 81 ug/nr*, which exceeded the primary standard of 75 ug/nP.  Data
recorded through the end of 1975 shows that the annual geometric mean
decreased to 69 ug/m , thereby attaining the primary standard.  For
endar year 1974, the second highest 24-hr concentration was 228 ug/rn^
which attained the primary standard of 260 ug/m , but contravened the
secondary standard of 150 ug/m^,  As discussed in Section V-A2 of this
report, the Union Carbide-National facility reduced its emissions sig-
nificantly in 1974.  This accounts for the reduction attained in the
annual geometric mean.
                                  -58r

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     B.  Girard Avenue, Kies Avenue and  Niagara  Falls  Park
     The annual geometric mean recorded  at the Girard  Avenue  and
Niagara Falls Park sites in 1974 were the lowest since the sites
began operation.  However, the annual  geometric  mean at the Kies
Avenue site increased from 110 ug/m3  in  1973  to  120 ug/m3  in  1974.
The primary 24-hour standard of 260 ug/m3 was  attained at  both  the
Girard Avenue and Niagara Falls Park monitors  while the standard
was contravened at the Kies Avenue monitor.   Using data from  Table
4 and assuming a background concentration of  40  ug/m3,  reductions
in controllable TSP levels from 1972 to  1974  attained  at the  Girard
Avenue, Kies Avenue and Niagara Falls Park were  27% (}}^~^§ x ioo)»
9%  (139-13Q x 100) and 16%.(^g§.x 100), respectively.   These
improvements are attributable, in part,  to the pre-1975 emission
reductions achieved by the sources listed in  Table 9.
     The emission reductions from 1974 levels  needed to attain  the
primary NAAQS of 75 ug/m3 at the Girard  Avenue,  Kies Avenue and
Niagara Falls Park sites are 36% (ff^fx 100),  56% (ifljlflj x 10°)
and 27% (ffrw x 100)» respectively.   As shown in Table 9, Airco
Speer will attain a 95% reduction in particulate matter emissions.
Due  to monitor locations  and wind frequencies  it is  uncertain
whether or not this reduction in emissions will  be enough  to  pro-
vide for attainment of the primary NAAQS.
     For attainment of the secondary standard, reductions  from
1974 levels of 17% (i73:Ho x 10°) and 28% (ISII1" x  looj are
needed at the Girard Avenue and Niagara  Falls  Park sites,  respectively.
                              -59-

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Again, as discussed above, it is uncertain as to whether or not the
secondary standard will be attained.   Data through the end of 1975
shows that the secondary standard is  not being attained at both sites.
In order to attain the primary 24-hour standard of 260 ug/m3 at the
Kies Avenue site a reduction of 11% (286- 40 X 100^ is needed.  As dis-
cussed previously, it is uncertain whether the primary 24-hour standard
will  be attained at this site.
      Analysis of data for the yearly period ending in 1975 shows that
the annual geometric mean at the Girard Avenue site decreased to 88 ug/m3,
the annual geometric mean at the Kies Avenue site increased to 122 ug/m3
and the annual geometric mean at the Niagara Falls Park  ite decreased to
84 ug/m3,
      C.  Sewage Treatment Plant  (Lackawanna), Ridge Road and Public
School #4
      The Public School #4 site is a special study site and will not be
evaluated to determine attainment of NAAQS for particulate matter.
      The Sewage Treatment Plant  (Lackawanna) and Ridge Road sites have
exhibited significant downward trends in the annual geometric mean since
1970.  These reductions are primarily due to decreased operations at the
Bethlehem Steel Plant over the years.  From data in Table 4, in 1974 the
reduction needed to attain the primary standard at the Sewage Treatment
                                                (118-75   ,nnx
Plant (Lackawanna) and Ridge Road sites was 55% (118-40 x  IUUj and 15%
(81-75 x -|QQ\
(81-40       , respectively.
                                 -60-

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     For attainment of the secondary standard at the Ridge Road site a
                           (188-150   10Q)
reduction from 1974 of 26% (188- 40      'is needed.  At the Sewage
                                                (305-260 x 1QO\
Treatment Plant (Lackawanna) a reduction of 17% (305- 40        is needed
to attain the primary standard.  Data available through the end of 1975
indicates that the Ridge Road Site attained the annual primary standard
with a concentration of 74 ug/m3. and the Sewage Treatment Plant (Lacka-
                                                                          o
wanna) still exceeds the primary standard with a concentration of 100 ug/m .
Data available through the end of 1975 shows that the primary 24-hour
standard is marginally being attained at the Sewage Treatment Plant (Lacka-
wanna) site while the primary 24-hr standard is being attained at the
Ridge Road site.
     As can be seen from Table 10, the source which will ultimately de-
termine whether the primary and secondary standards will be attained at
these sites is the Bethlehem Steel plant.  This source is the largest
emitter in the area and due to the frequency and wind direction exerts the
greatest impact on both sites.  Due to the nature of the coking operations
undertaken at this plant, it is difficult at present, to determine an appli-
cable control methodology for this source.
     D.  Holy Family Church, Public School #26, Public School #28 and
Dingens Street
     The Public School #28 site is a special study site and will not be
evaluated to determine the adequacy of the SIP for attainment of NAAQS for
particulate matter.
     The Holy Family Church and Dingens Street monitor have exhibited down-
ward trends in annual geometric mean concentrations since 1971 and 1970, re-
spectively.  The annual geometric mean at the Public School #26 site has re-
mained virtually constant since 1972.  The reductions at the first two sites
are due to sources complying with the applicable State regulations.
                                 r61-

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     The emission reductions from 1974 levels needed to attain the
primary NAAQS of 75 ug/m3 at the Holy Family Church, Public School
#26 and Dingens Street are 27% (ff^ x 100). 59% (jf—f x 100)
20% (stl-i^o x ioo)» respectively.  As shown in Table 11, all sources
with the exception of Bethlehem Steel and Donna Hanna are in compliance
with applicable State regulations.  Due to the magnitude of its emis-
sions, Bethlehem Steel will  have the greatest impact on the monitors.
Until  this source is brought into compliance, it does not appear
likely that the primary NAAQS will be attained.  Analysis of
Figures 9, 10 and 11 for the yearly period ending .w4th tke-tM-rd
  \ *j
         f 1975 showed that all three sites had tremendous reduc-
tions in air quality.   The annual  geometric means were as follows:
          Holy Family Church -  77 ug/m3
          Public School #26  -  90 ug/m3
          Dingens Street     -  68 ug/m3
     These reductions in air quality do not appear to be permanent
and are probably due to the fact that the coke ovens at Bethlehem
Steel were not operating at 100% capacity even though this is
presently possible under the State's regulations.
     For attainment of the 24-hour secondary standard of 150 ug/m3,
reductions from 1974 levels of 30% (H§I*S8 x 10°) and 35%  (IHS-1^ x 100)
are needed at the Holy Family Church and  Dingens Street sites,
respectively.  Again, the status of secondary standard attainment
is probably dependent on the emissions from Bethlehem Steel.  In
order to attain the primary 24-hour standard at the Public School  •
#26 site, a reduction of 12%  (581-2S8 x  10°) is needed.  nata avail-
                            -62-

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able through the end of 1975 shows that the secondary 24-hour standard
is currently being attained at all three sites.
     E.  Sewage Treatment Plant (Tonawanda) and Mew York State Thruway
Garage
     The New York State Thruway Garage is a special study site and will
not be evaluated to determine the adequacy of the SIP for attainment of
NAAQS for particulate matter.
     The Sewage Treatment Plant (Tonawanda) site has exhibited a signifi-
cant downward trend in the annual geometric mean since 1970.  In 1974, the
annual geometric mean was 75 ug/m^, which attained the primary NAAQS of
75 ug/m^-  In addition, the second highest 24-hour concentration was 135
ug/nP which attained the national secondary standard of 150 ug/m3.  Figure
12 shows that since the standard was attained in 1974, the annual geometric
mean has increased to greater than 134 ug/nr with the yearly period ending
in 1975.  These elevated values are due to construction underway upwind of
the site and the values should decrease to values at or below the primary
standard as soon as the construction is completed.
VII.  Conclusions
     Based on an analysis of the Niagara Frontier AQCR the following can
be concluded:
     1.  The primary standards were attained at the Wyoming Avenue site
in 1975.
     2,  It cannot be determined whether the secondary standard will be
attained at the Wyoming Avenue site.
     3.  It cannot be determined whether the primary and -secondary standards
will be attained at the Girard Avenue, Kies Avenue and Niagara Falls Park
monitoring sites.
                                 -63r

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     4.  It cannot be determined whether the primary and secondary
standards will be attained at the Sewage Treatment Plant (Lackawanna)
monitoring site.
     5.  The primary standards were attained at the Ridge Road monitoring
site in 1975, but is cannot be determined if secondary standards will be
achieved at this site.
     6.  It cannot be determined whether the primary and secondary standards
will be attained at the Holy Family Church and Public School  #26 monitoring
sites.
     7.  The primary standards were attained at the Dingens Street monitoring
site in 1975.  However, this showing of attainment may not be the result
of permanent emission reductions.
     8.  It cannot be determined whether the secondary standard will  be
attained at the Dingens Street monitoring site,
     9.  The primary and secondary standards were probably attained at
the Sewage Treatment Plant (Tonawanda) monitoring site in 1974.  Subse-
quent high values for 1975 are the result of short-term construction
activity.
     VII.  Recommendati ons
     1.  The development of an Air Quality Maintenance Plan should proceed
as scheduled to assure continued attainment in those areas currently at-
taining standards.
     2.  An updated emission inventory should be developed in order to
accurately identify the major emitters of particulate matter.
     3.  Diffusion modeling of those areas being impacted by Bethlehem
Steel should be undertaken in order to determine the emission reductions
necessary to attain the primary and secondary standards.

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     4.  The NYSDEC should begin review of its participate matter emission
regulations to determine if RACT is being applied to the larger sources.
     5.  An analysis of the Eagle Street monitoring site should be under-
taken on the nature and type of sources which impact on this monitor.
     6.  Diffusion modeling of those areas with the special study site,
the Public School #4 and the New York State Thruway Garage monitoring
sites, should be undertaken to determine the extent of the non-attainment
problem at these sites.

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