EVALUATiai OF THE CONTROL STRATEGY FOR ATTAINfEfT OF WICNAL ATBIEIT
AIR QUALITY STANDARDS FOR TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULARS
Niagara Frontier Intrastata
AQCR (162)
PREPARED BY
ENVIfWBfTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION II AIR BRANCH
APRIL 1976
-------
Table of Contents
Page
I. AQCR Characteristics 1
II. Problem Definition * 4
III. Network Adequacy 25
IV. Data Adequacy 37
V. Impacting Sources and Controls 38
VI. Evaluation of Control Strategy 58
VII. Conclusions 63
VIII. Recommendations 64
-------
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Tables
Table 1: Buffalo, New York Relative Annual
Frequency Distribution (% )
Table 2: TSP Sites Exceeding Primary and Secondary
NAAQS in 1974'
•
Table 3: TSP Sites Only Exceeding Secondary NAAQS in 1974
Table 4: TSP Concentrations at Sites Exceeding Primary
NAAQS in .1974
Table 5: Second Highest 24-Hr. TSP Concentrations at Sites
Only Exceeding Secondary NAAQS in 1974
Table 6: Air Quality Report
Table 7: Air Quality Summary Report
Table 8: Principle Point Sources Impacting on the Wyoming
Avenue Monitoring Site
Table 9: Principle Point Sources Impacting on the Girard
Avenue, Kies Avenue and Niagara Falls Park
Monitoring Sites
Table 10: Principle Point Sources Impacting on the Sewage
Treatment Plant (Lackawanna), Ridge Road and
Public School #4 Monitoring Sites
Table 11: Principle Point Sources Impacting on the Holy
Family Church, Public School #26, Public School
#28 and Dingens Street Monitoring Sites
Figures
Figure 1: New York State Air Quality Control Region.s
Figure 2: Wind Rose for Buffalo, New York
Figure 3: Total Suspended Particulates Running Annual
Average, by Quarter, Site: 334740003F01 (3102-07)
Wyoming Avenue
Page
5
7
9
10
14
26
36
39
43
47
51
2
6
15
-------
List of Tables and Figures
Page
Figures
Figure 4: Total Suspended Particulates Running Annual 16
Average, by Quarter, Site: 334740006F01 (3102-09)
Figure 5: Total Suspended Particulates Runnina Annual 17
Average, by Quarter , Site: 334740007F01 (3102-11)
Kies Avenue
Figure 6: Total Suspended Particulates Running Annual 18
Average, by Quarter, Site: 334740009F01 (3102-12)
Niagara Falls Park
Figure 7: Total Suspended Particulates Running Annual 19
Average, by Quarter, Site: 333520001F01 (1402-11)
Sewage Treatment Plant (Lackawanna)
Figure 8: Total Suspended Particulates Running Annual Average, ' 20
by Quarter, Site: 333520002F01 (1402-02) Ridge Road
Figure 9: Total Suspended Particulates, Running Annual Average, 21
by Quarter, Site: 330220006F01 (1401-02)
Holy Family Church
Figure 10: Total Suspended Particulates, Running Annual Average, 22
by Quarter, Site: 330660003F01 (1401-11) Public
School #4
Figure 11: Total Suspended Particulates, Running Annual Average,. 23
by Quarter, Site: 330660005F01 (1401-18) Dingens
Street
Figure 12: Total Suspended Particulates, Running Annual Averaqe, 24
by Quarter, Site: 336760002F01 (1472-04) Sewage
Treatment Plant (Tonawanda)
Figure 13: Point Sources Impacting on the Wyoming Avenue 40
Monitoring Site.
Figure 14: Point Sources Impacting on the Girard Avenue, Kies 44
Avenue and Niagara Falls Park Monitoring Sites
Figure 15: Point Sources Impacting on the Sewage Treatment Plant 48
(Lackawanna), Ridge Road and Public School #4
Monitoring Sites
Figure 16: Point Sources Impacting on the Holy Family Church, 53
Public School #26, Public School #28 and Dingens
Street Monitoring Sites
-------
List of Tables and Figures
Figures
Figure 17: Point Sources Impacting on the Sewage 57
Treatment Plant (Tonawanda) Monitoring Site
-------
I. AQCR Characteristics
The Niagara Frontier Intrastate AQCR is comprised of two
counties, Erie and Niagara, located in the northwestern portion
of New York State (see Figure 1). The AQCR covers an area of
1,321 square miles and in 1970 had a population of 1,349,211 per-
son's. The population for 1975 is estimated at 1,359,785 persons.
The AQCR is densely populated and heavily industrialized.
The population densities in 1970 were 1,286 people per square
mile in Erie County and 519 people per square mile in Niagara County.
Most of the industrialization is centered in the areas of Buffalo,
Tonawanda and Niagara Falls. Steel and chemical industries pre-
dominate in the AQCR and large petroleum complexes are also present.
The northern portion of Niagara County borders on Lake Ontario
while the eastern portion of Erie and Niagara Counties border on
Lake Erie and Canada.
The terrain of the AQCR is low and level to the west and
gently rolling to the east and south; it rises to pronounced hills
within 12 to 18 miles of Buffalo and to 1,000 feet above the level
of Lake Erie at a point some 35 miles south-southeast of the City
of Buffalo. The weather is varied and changeable, characteristic
of the latitude. Wide seasonal swings of temperature from hot to
cold are tempered appreciably by the proximity of Lakes Erie and
Ontario. Lake Erie lies to the southwest, the direction of the
prevailing wind. Wind flow throughout the year is somewhat higher
-1-
-------
I
'NORTHERN
jL.~!~-i
iw,c.o / CENTRAL i
s J
• •— I1 *
r1 17
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I '. I
rM
'( SAtAlCGA {
UOM6rs««>» ^ v! {
"** ^VCKMClApT »_r-'V
r ' H::.V,HAM
*" '• *
(/ ALJANT f /
SCHOM^B \ iiuoSON..^. —--7:
/.-
SOUTHERN TIER; \Vr.ST
i '
> 'vSH.UTHER(j TIER
^ ' f^T °"-4>""
NEW- YORK STATS
AIR QUALITY CONTROL REGIONS
:^ DEPAP.TMCMT OF ENVinONMEMTAt COHSEHVATION
M. 'o-y>'^- ,
(ffff-li-V.1 \ _^_
W«il/ V. i N««i«U '.-^^ ^r^^ Afl AN
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-------
than that experienced by locations further inland due to this exposure.
The vigorous interplay of warm and cold air masses during the winter
and early spring months causes one or more windstorms. Precipitation
is moderate and fairly evenly divided throughout the twelve months.
The spring season is cloudy and cooler than at points not af-
fected by the cold lake. Vegetation growth is retarded, a fact that
protects it from late spring frosts. With heavy winter ice accumula-
tions in the lake, typical spring conditions are delayed until late
May or early June.
Summer comes suddenly in mid-June. Lake breezes temper the
extreme heat of the summer season and temperatures of-90° and above
are infrequent. There is more summer sunshine here than in any
other section of New York State. Due to the stabilizing effects
of Lake Erie, thunderstorms are relatively infrequent; most of
which are caused by frontal action. To the north and south of the
City of Buffalo thunderstorms occur more often.
Autumn has long, dry periods and is frost free usually until
mid-October. Cloudiness increases in November, continuing through-
out the winter and early spring. Snow flurries off the lake begin
in mid-November or early December. Outbreaks of arctic air in December
and on through the winter months produce locally heavy snowfalls.
At the same time, temperatures of well .below zero over Canada and
the Midwest are raised 10° F to 30° F in crossing the lakes. Only
on rare occasions do polar air masses drop southward from eastern
Hudson Bay across Lake Ontario without appreciable warming.
-3-
-------
Table 1 presents the relative frequency distribution of wind di-
rection for the Buffalo, New York area and Figure 2 is the wind rose
for the same area. For purpose of this report, it is assumed that this
data applies throughout the entire AQCR.
II. Problem Definition
The rpimary National Ambient Air Quality-Standard (NAAQA) for total
suspended particulate matter (TSP) is scheduled for attainment in the
Niagara Frontier by July 1977. In 1974, the most recent year with com-
plete air quality data, fifteen (15) monitoring stations contravened the
primary NAAQS. In 1975, six of these stations had attained the primary
standard of 75 ug/m3.
In 1974, all fifteen non-attaining sites contravened the primary
annual standard of 75 ug/m3 and seven of these contravened the primary
24-hour standard of 260 ug/m3. The secondary 24-hour standard of 150
ug/m3 was exceeded in the AQCR at three additional sites. A listing of
all sites which contravened national standards is presented in Tables 2
and 3.
A historical review of air quality at the fifteen sites contraven-
ing the primary TSP standard n 1974 is provided in Table 4. Running
annual geometric means of ten sites from 1970 through 1975 are plotted
in Figures 3 through 12. Data from four sites which were part of a
short-term special study are not plotted. No analysis is presentes for
the Eagle Street monitor because it could not be determined whether this site was
-4-
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Table 1
Buffalo, New York Relative
Annual Frequency Distribution (%)
Wind Direction
N
NNE
NE
ENE
E
ESE
SE
SSE
S
SSW
SW
WSW
W
WNW
NW
NNW
Frequency (%}
4.9
2.7
3.9
4.1
5.8
3.1
2.6 .
3.9
10.1
8.2
10.0
15.3
13.0
5.4
3.7
. . . • . .3.6
-5-
-------
;* ——I
220'
140'
M
230
130
240
120
, H
j i 1111 r 1111111111 i 1111111 j i"m
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Table 2
TSP Sites Exceeding Primary and
Secondary NAAQS in 1974
Site ID Nos. and Address
334740003F01 (310207)
1443 Wyoming Avenue
Niagara Falls, M.Y.
334740006F01 (310209)
63rd St. and Girard Avenue
Niagara Falls, N.Y.
334740007F01 (310211)
5610 Kies Avenue
Niagara Falls, N.Y.
334740009F01 (310212)
Niagara Falls Park
Parks Dept. Building, Robbins Drive
Niagara Falls, N.Y.
330660006F01 (140102)
Holy Family Church
920 lift Street
Buffalo, N.Y.
330660003F01 (140111)
Public School 26
84 Harrison Street
Buffalo, N.Y.
330660010G05 (140113)
Public School 28
1515 South Park Avenue
Buffalo, N.Y.
330660005F01 (140118)
Dingens and Weiss Streets
Buffalo, N.Y.
UTM Coordinates
Worthing 4776854
Easting 659043
Northing 4777900
Easting 175000
Northing 4777700
Easting 174400
Northing 4779090
Easting 172800
Northing 4750700
Easting 187400
Northing 4753300
Easting 187100
Northing 4752215
Easting 186915
Northing 4754000
Easting 188800
-7-
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Table 2
(continued)
TSP Sites Exceeding Primary and
Secondary NAAQS in 1974
Site ID Nos. and Address
330660007F01 (140119)
134 West Eagle Street
Buffalo, N.Y.
330660012605 (140127)
Great Lakes Dock and Dredge Co,
Catherine Street
Buffalo, N.Y.
333520001F01 (140201)
Sewage Treatment Plant
Lackawanna, N.Y.
333520002F01 (140202)
Our Lady of Victory Convent
800 Ridge Road
Lackawanna, N.Y.
333520004G05 (140209)
Public School 4
llth Street
Lackawanna, N.Y.
336760002F01 (147204)
Sewage Treatment Plant
779 Two Mile Creek Road
Tonawanda, N.Y.
336760008G05 (147209)
N.Y. State Thruway George
Grand Island Boulevard
Tonawanda, N.Y.
UTM Coordinates
Northing 4755100
Easting 183100
Northing 4751930
Easting 184715
Northing 4748400
Easting 186100
Northing 4748400
Easting 187500
Northing 4748900
Easting 185300
Northing 4767500
Easting 181900
Northing 4766310
Easting 181085
-8-
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Table 3
TSP Sites Only Exceeding
Secondary NAAQS 1974
Site ID Nos. and Address
334740001A01/P01
City Hall
Main Street and Cedar Avenue
Niagara Falls, New York
UTM Coordinates
Northing 4773072
Easting 658272
333760002F01 (315202)
Day Road
Lewiston, New York
Northing 4783900
Easting 172250
331020001F01 (145501)
Town Hall
Cheektowage, New York
Northing 4756700
Easting 193600
-9-
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Table 4
TSP Concentrations at Sites Exceeding
Primary NAAQS in 1974
Wyoming Avenue
334740003F01 (310207)
Annual Geometric Second Highest 24-Hour
Year Mean (ug/m3) Concentration (ug/m3)
1970 96 271
1971 94 212
1972 86 204
1973 81 191
1974 81 228
1^75 • 69 183****
Girard Avenue
334740006F01 (310209)
Annual Geometric Second Highest 24-Hour
Year Mean (ug/m3) Concentration (ug/m3)
1970 157 380
1971 136 278
1972 115 218
1973 99 251
1974 95 173
1
-------
Table 4
(continued)
Niagara Falls Park
334740009F01 (310212)
Annual Geometric Second Highest 24-Hour
Year Mean (ug/m3) Concentration (ug/m3)
1971 --* 208**
1972 97 205
1973 89 182
1974 88 1
1P7S 84 190
Holy Family Church
330660006F01 (140102)
Annual Geometric Second Highest 24-Hour
Year Mean (ug/m3) Concentration (ug/m3)
1971 ..* 162**
1972 .95 195
1973 93 213
1974 88 196
1975 77 192****
Public School 26
330660003F01 (140111)
Annual Geometric Second Highest 24-Hour
Year Mean (ug/m3) Concentration (ug/m3)
1970 153 459
1971 136 311
1972 126 290
1973 122 303
1974 125 289
1975 90 212****
Public School 28***
3306600010G05 (140113)
Annual Geometric First Highest 24-Hour
Year Mean (ug/m3) Concentration (ug/m3)
1974 107 352
1975 90 243
-------
Table 4
(continued)
Dingens Street
330660005F01 (140118)
Annual Geometric Second Highest 24-Hour
Year Mean (ug/m2; Concentration (ug/m3)
1970 118 256
1971 119 279
1972 105 290
1973 97 270
1974 84 ' 208
1975 68 187****
Eagle Street
330660007F01 (140119)
Annual Geometric Second Highest 24-Hour
Year Mean (ug/m3) Concentration (ug/m3)
1971 —* 192**
1972 87 228
1973 77 251
1974 78 258
1975 69 167****
Katherine Street***
330660012G05 (140127)
Annual Geometric First Highest 24-Hour
Year Mean (ug/m3) Concentration (ug/m3)
1974 78 363
1975 74 223
Sewage Treatment Plant (Lackawanna)
333520001F01 (140201)
Annual Geometric Second Highest 24-Hour
Year Mean (ug/m3) Concentration (ug/m3)
1970 166 400
1971 139 372
1972 107 299
1973 123 385
1974 118 385
1975 100 25*****
VI2.
-------
Table 4
(continued)
Ridge Road
333520002F01 (140202)
Annual Geometric Second Highest 24-Hour
Year Mean (ug/m3) Concentration (ug/m3)
1970 117 262
1971 103 284
1972 100 218
1973 94 223
1974 81 188
1975 74 180****
Public School 4***
333520004G05 (140209)
Annual Geometric First Highest 24-Hour
Year Mean (ug/m ) Concentration (ug/m3)
1974 215 653
1975 142 592
Sewage Treatment Plant (Tonawanda)
336760002F01 (147204)
Annual Geometric Second Highest 24-Hour
Year Mean (ug/m3) Concentration (ug/m3)
1970 88 174
1971 88 189
1972 87 157
1973 76 160
1974 75 135
1975 134 508****
New York State Thruway Garage***
336760008G05 (147209)
Annual Geometric First Highest 24-Hour
Year Mean (ug/m3) Concentration (ug/m3)
1974 124 475
1975 96 -222
* insufficient data to complete annual geometric mean
** second highest concentration based on partial annual data
*** Special, Study Monitors - Six Month Coke Oven Study
**** 99 nercenttle of Arithmetic Mean used to approximate
Second Highest 24-hr concentration
-13-
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Table 5
Second Highest 24-Hr. TSP Concentrations
at Sites Only Exceeding Secondary NAAQS in 1974
2nd Highest 24-Hr
Site Concentration (ug/m3)
City Hall, Niagara Falls 156
Day Road, Lewiston 158
Town Hal 1, Cheektowage 165
-14-
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120r-
110
100
90
60
to
; ^E
! cr.
if 3
70
yj GO
-; s-
: "c 50
i o
!! C
O
30
20
10
0
1970
Running Annual Average, hy Quarter
Site: 334740003F01 (3102-07)
Uyomi'ng Avenue
1971
T377
TT7T
197»t
TeTs
Year Ending
-------
Figure 4 Total Suspended Partlculates
Running Annual Average, by Quarter
Site: 334740006F01 (3102-09)
Girard Avenue
21* or*
220-
200-
180
160
CO
E
to
4->
C
olOO
c
o
80
60
20
NAAQS
9970-
1971
1972
1973
197»»
1975
Year Ending
-------
c) "iiTcul Su3:pic!ndeo Y
Running Annual'Average, by Quarter
' Site: 334740007F01 (3102-11)
Kie's Avenue
2"*0
220
200
180
160
CO
E
"c?. 1UO
120
o
o
100
80
60
20
0
1970
NAAQS
1971
1972
1973
197"4 .
19;
Year Ending
-------
120
110
100
90
80
70
§ 50
c
o
O
30
20
10
Figure 6 Total Suspended Partlculates
Running Annual Average, by Quarter
Site: 334740009F01 (3102-12)
Niagara Falls Park
NAAQS
1970
1971
1972
1973
1971+
1975
Year Ending
-------
220
200
180
160
5 "e
L.2 120
i to
o
• c
o
100
80
60
20
0
Figure 7 Total Suspended Particufates
.Running Annual Average, by Quarter
Site: 333520001F01 (1402-01)
Sewage Treatment Plant (Lackawanna)
NAAQS
1970
1971
1972
1973
1975
.Year Ending
-------
Runninq Annual Averaoe, by Quarter.
Site: 333520002F01 (1402-02)
Ridge Road
m
E
120
110
100
90
80
70
§ 50
c
o
o
30 -
20
10 -
0
NAAQS
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
197
Year Ending
-------
120
110
100
90
80
-70
I C
ro o 60
I -4->
fC
S50
o
c
o
30
20
10
0
Figure 9 'Vbtal Suspended ^articulates
Running Annual Average, by Quarter
Site: 330660006F01 (1401-02)
Holy Family Church
NAAQS
1970
1971
1972 ' 1973
Year Ending
197U
1975
-------
Figure 10 Total Suspended Partlculates
Running Annual Average, by Quarter
Site: 330660003F01 (1401-11)
Public School 26
220
200
180
m
E
cr,
•160
•1UO
o
'!
QJ
c 100
O
O
80
6C
2C
NAAQS
1970
1971
1972
1973
1975
Year Ending
-------
;11 'iwildl Suapendeu rarticuiates
Running Annual' Average, by Quarter
Site; 330660005F01 (1401-18)
Djngens Street
- --t
120
110
100
90
80
•1
m
E
"S7
.
.1 to
I •*->
£50
u
3C-
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
Year Ending
-------
Figure 12 Total Suspended' Particulates
Running Annual Average, by Quarter
Site: 336760002F01 (1472-04)
Sewage Treatment Plant (Tonawanda)
1201
110
100
90
80
70
NAAQS
60
50
40]
30
20
10
1970
1971
1972
1973
197
Year Ending
-------
impacted by point sources. Consequently, no trend analysis is
presented for this site. The second maxima TSP concentrations
at each of the sites exceeding only the secondary NAAQS are
listed in Table 5.
The four sites which were part of the special study effort
are noted in Table 4 with three asterisks. The Katherine
Street monitor (number 10 on Figure 16) was sited in order
to quantify the long distance impact of coke oven emissions
from Bethlehem Steel on air quality. The Public School #28
monitor (number 7 on Figure 16) measures the impact on air quality
of emissions from coking operations generated at the Donna Hanna
Plant. The Public School £4 (number 13 on Figure 15) measures the short
distance impact of Bethlehem Steel operations on air quality
while the New York State Thruway Garage (number 14 on Figure
15) attempts to determine the same for the Allied Chemical facility.
III. Network Adequacy
The network of 53 total suspended particulate monitoring sites
in the AQCR more than satisfies the Federal requirement of 11 as
set forth in 40 CFR 5T.17. New York State, in its implementation
plan, has commited to the operation of 54 stations. The annual
geometric means for TSP at all monitoring sites operating in the
AQCR from 1970 through 1974 are presented in Table 6 and summarized
in Table 7. The latter includes a combined index which computes
a composite trend of particulate levels in the AQCR. This index
-25-
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Table
Air Quality Report
AQCR: Niagara Frontier (162)
Attainment Date: July 1977
Pollutant: Total Suspended Particulates
National Ambient Air Quality Standards Primary 75 ug/rc3
Monitoring Station Location
EPA ID j?
. {State ID 0
- 333920001 F01
• (310102)
' 333920002F01
(310109)
£333920005F01
1 (310112)
333920006F01
(310113)
333920003F01
(310114)
333920009F01
(310115)
County
Niagara
Niagara
Niagara
Niagara
Niagara
Niagara
Municipality
Lockport
Lockport
Lockport
Lockport
Lockport
Lockport
Site Description
Suburban-
Commercial
Suburban-
Residential
Central City-
Residential
Rural -
Aaricultural
Center City-
Commercial
Center City-
Commercial
Annual Geometric Mean (ug/rn3)
1970
58
55
61
?
1971
53
55
71
59
56
77
1972
54
50
58
53
55
66
1973
55
48
65
56
57
69
1974
48
43
57
46
49
60
1975
44
43
49
48
49
58
Comments
? = failed to meet average criteria
T = station terminated
-------
Table 6
Air Quality Report
AQCR: Niagara Frontier (162)
Attainment Date: July 19.77
Pollutant: Total Suspended Parti dilates
National Ambient Air Quality Standards Primary 75 ug/m3
Monitoring Station Location
EPA ID *
: (State ID -)
333920010F01
. . (310116)
334740001F01
(310201)
:, 334740003F01
£3(310207)
: 334740006F01
(310209)
334740007F01
(310211)
334740009F01
(310212)
County
Niagara
Niagara
Niagara
Niagara
Niagara
Niagara
ilur.icipality
Lockport
Niagara Falls
Niagara Falls
Niagara Falls
Niagara Falls
Niagara Falls
Site Description
Center City-
Commercial
Center City-
Commercial
City
Suburban-
Industrial
Center City-
Industrial
Suburban-
Residential
Annual Geometric Mean (ug/;n3)
1970
105
96
157
215
1971
66
102
94
136
173
?
1972
68
93
86
115
139
97
1973
66
81
81
99
110
89
1974
56
69
81
95
120
88
1975
54
62
69
88
22
84
Comments
•
? = failed to meet average criteria
T = station terminated
-------
Table 6
Air Quality Report
AQCR: Niagara Frontier (162)
Attainment Date: July 1977
Pollutant: Total Suspended Particulates
National Ambient Air Quality Standards Primary 75 ug/m3
Monitoring Station Location
EPA ID #
(St?.te ID #)
334740008F01
(310213)
334730001F01
(315503)
334740001A01
ilASN P01
334900001F01
(310301)
334900002F01
(310304)
334900004F01
(310306)
County
Niagara
Niagara
'Niagara
Niagara
Niagara
Niagara
Municipality
Niagara Falls
Niagara Falls
Niagara Falls
North
Tonawanda
North
Tonawanda
North
Tonawanda
Site Description
Center City-
Commercial
Rural - Near
Urban
Center City-
Commercial
Center City-
Commercial
Center City-
Commercial
Annual Geometric Mean (ug/rn3)
1970
109
96
69
168
1971
7
?
99
87
63
?
1972
93
71
97
79
60
T
1973
7
70
?
71
52
1974
56
74
64
50
1975
56
52
49
Comments
no-
00;
? = failed to meet average criteria
T = station terminated
-------
Table 6
A1r Quality Report
AQCR: Niagara Frontier (162)
Attainment Date: July 1977
Pollutant: Total Suspended Particulates
National Ambient Air Quality Standards Primary 75 ug/m3
Monitoring Station Location
EPA ID #
(State ID ?»
334900005F01
(310307)
3347 2000 1F01
(312001)
, 333760001F01
£(312102)
333760002F01
(315202)
334720002F01
(315001)
337455001F01
(316001)
County
Niagara
Niagara
Niagara
Niagara
Niagara
Niagara
Municipality
North
Tonawanda
Middleport
Lewiston (V)
Lewiston (T)
Cambria
Wheatfield
Site Description
Center City-
Commercial
Suburban-
Industrial
Center City-
Residential
Remote
Suburban-
Residential
Annual Geometric Mean (ug/m3)
1970
85
46
67
7
53
1971
77
50
?
78
52
69
1972
82
45
67
78
47
74
1973
73
45
62
71
44
62
1974
62
42
54
61
42
48
1975
60
47
53
54
45
50
Comments
? = failed to meet average criteria
T = station terminated
-------
Table 6
Air Quality Report
AQCR: Niagara Frontier (162)
Attainment Date: July 1977
Pollutant: Total Suspended Particulates
National Ambient Air Quality Standards Primary 75 ug/m3
Monitoring Station Location
EPA ID if
(SUte ID it)
330660001 F01
(140101)
330660006F01
(140102)
330660002F01
(140105)
330660003F01
(140111)
330660010G05
(140113)
330660005F01
(140118)
County
Erie
Erie
Erie
Erie
Erie
Erie
Municipality
Buffalo
Buffalo
Buffalo
Buffalo
Buffalo
Buffalo
Site Description
Suburban-
Commercial
;enter City-
Commercial
Center City-
Residential
Center City-
Industrial
3enter City-
Industrial
Suburban-
Industrial
Annual Geometric Mean (ug/rn3)
1970
76
71
153
118
1971
73
?
79
136
119
1972
72
95
j
68
126
105
1973
71
93
60
122
97
1974
55
88
60
125
107
j
84
1975
55
77
59
90
75
68
Comments
6 Month Coke Oven Study
I
oo.
o
I
? = failed to meet average criteria
T = station terminated
-------
Table 6
Air Quality Report
AQCR: Niagara Frontier (162)
Attainment Date: July 1977
Pollutant: Total Suspended Particulates
National Ambient Air Quality Standards Primary 75 ug/m3
Monitoring Station Location
EPA ID F
(St(V:e ID /?)
330660007F01
(140119)
330660009F01
(140124)
330660013F01
,(140126)
330660012G05
(140127)
330660001A01
NASN /P01
333520001F01
(140201)
County
Erie
Erie
Erie
Erie
Erie
Erie
Municipality
Buffalo
Buffalo
Buffalo
Buffalo ?:'
Buffalo
Lackawanna
Site Description
Center City-
Commercial
Center City-
Industrial
Suburban-
Residential
Center City-
Industrial
Suburban-
Commercial
Center City-
Annual Geometric Mean (ug/ni3)
1970
99
166
1971
?
91
139
1972
87
?
96
107
1973
77
69
?
123
1974
78
68
71
78
72
(?)
118
1975
69
62
70
74
100
Comments
6 Month Coke Oven Study
? = failed to meet average criteria
T = station terminated
-------
Table 6
Air Quality Report
AQCR: Niagara Frontier (162)
Attainment Date: July 1977
Pollutant: Total Suspended Particulates
National Ambient Air Quality Standards Primary 75 ug/m3
Monitoring Station Location
EPA ID #
(State ID #)
333520002F01
(140202)
333520004G05
(140209)
, 331540001F01
£(140501)
i
336230001F01
(142501)
330500001F01
(142902)
330020001 F01
(143201)
County
Erie
Erie
Erie
Erie
Erie
Erie
Municipality
Lackawanna
Lackawanna
Depew
Sloan
Blasdell
Akron
Site Description
Center City- .
Commercial
Center City-
Industrial
Suburban-
Residential
Suburban-
Residential
Suburban-
Residential
Suburban-
Industrial
Annual Geometric Mean (ug/m3)
1970
117
97
39
1971
103
85
?
56
1972
100
73
72
52
1973
94
69
61
48
1974
81
215
53
67
'60
41
1975
74
142
48
56
62
43
Comments
6 Month Coke Oven Study
? = failed to meet average criteria
T = station terminated
-------
Table 6
Air Quality Report
AQCR: Niagara Frontier (162)
Attainment Date: July 1977
Pollutant: Total Suspended Particulates
National Ambient Air Quality Standards Primary 75 ug/m3
Monitoring Station Location
EPA ID #
(State ID #)
330130101F01
(145104)
330130002F01
(145103)
331020001F01
(145501)
332000004F01
(145601)
332000003F01
(146302)
County
Erie
Erie
Erie
Erie
Erie
Municipality
Amherst
Amherst
Cheektowaga
Clarence
Evans
Site Description
Rural -
Agricultural
Suburban-
Residential
Suburban-
Residential
Suburban-
Residential
Suburban-
Residential
Annual Geometric Mean (ug/rn3)
1970
91
1971
?
81
1972
64
?
85
33
1973
51
73
66
35
1974
54
68
70
43
39
1975
54
69
61
38
34
Comments
I
OJ
CO
1.
? = failed to meet average criteria
T = station terminated
-------
Table 6
Air Quality Report
AQCR: Niagara Frontier (162)
Attainment Date: July 1977
Pollutant: Total Suspended Particulates
National Arnbient Air Quality Standards Primary 75 ug/m3
Monitoring Station Location
EFY- ID #
(Stste ID ;/)
332000011 F01
(146601)
333640001F01
(146701)
333420001F01
-------
Table 6
Air Quality Report
AQCR: Niagara Frontier (162)
Attainment Date: July 1977
Pollutant: Total Suspended Particulates
National Arnbient Air Quality Standards Primary 75 ug/m3
Monitoring Station Location
EPA ID #
(State ID ?/)
336760008G05
(147209)
337450002F01
(147402)
337450001F01
• (147403)
en
l
County
Erie
Erie
Erie
Municipality
Tonawanda
West Seneca
Hest Seneca
Site Description
Suburban-
Industrial
Suburban-
Industrial
Suburban-
Residential
Annual Geometric Mean (ug/tn3)
1970
1971
?
?
1972
79
55
1973
64
50
1974
124
65
43
1975
96
59
47
Comments
6 Month Coke Oven Study
? = failed to meet average criteria
T = station terminated
-------
Table 7
Air Quality Summary Report
AQCR: Niagara Frontier
Attainment Date: July 1977
Pollutant: Total Suspended Particulates
(Annual)
Sites Reporting Complete Data
Number (& percent) of sites above 75 ug/m3
Number (& percent) of sites above 60 ug/m3
j Maximum (ug/m3)
•>
Minimum (ug/rn3)
Combined Index
Combined Index (Normalized)
1970
27
18
(66.7)
21
(71.8)
215
39
96.1
100
1971
31
18
(57.10)
21
(74.2)
173
44
90.0
93.7
1972
45
22
(48.9)
33
(73.3)
139
33
85.6
89.1
1973
44
12
(27.3)
30
(68.2)
123
34
76.8
79.9
1974
53
14
(26.4)
28
(52.8)
215
31
71.9
74.8
1975
*
*
*
*
*
.
*
*
Comments
I
OJ
cr>
i
* Not calculated due to addition of new sites in 1975
-------
compensates for monitoring stations terminating and new stations
starting during the period of analysis. Table 7 also includes a
normalized combined index which is the ratio of the base year (1970)
index to succeeding years.
IV. Data Adequacy
The quality of data from TSP samplers operated by the New
York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) is
satisfactory. In the Niagara Frontier AQCR, Niagara County and
Erie County personnel operate the monitors in their respective
counties. The monitors are in good condition and receive main-
tenance and calibration every 400 hours of operation. The monitors
in Niagara County are calibrated using an orifice which is refer-
ence calibrated with a Roots Meter.
With the exception of a site in Niagara Falls (334740003F01/
3102-07) all nonattaining sites have good atmospheric ventilation
exposure characteristics (The Niagara Falls station is located
at ground level and bordered by hedges and a garage). The TSP
sites in the AQCR are, for the most part, representative of
population exposure to both point and area sources of particulate
matter.
The TSP monitors in the AQCR consisteritlyreport sufficient
data so that statistically representative annual geometric
means are available. The majority of stations operate every
sixth day. Several stations in Erie County are on more fre-
quent schedules ranging from sampling once every third day to
-37-
-------
to once every day.
V. Impacting Sources and Controls
The control strategy selected by MYSDEC to reduce emissions of
participate matter in the Niagara Frontier AQCR is based upon en-
forcement of the following State regulations:
NYCRR Part 212 - Processes and Exhaust and/or
Ventilation Systems
NYCRR Part 213 - Contaminant emissions from
Ferrous Jobbing Foundaries
NYCRR Part 214 - By-Product Coke Oven Batteries
NYCRR Part 215 - Open Fires
NYCRR Part 219 - Incinerators
NYCRR Part 227 - Stationary Combustion Installations
A. Wyoming Avenue Monitoring Station
The significant point sources which impact on the Wyoming
Avenue monitoring site are Airco Alloys, Union Carbide-National
and Union Carbide-Republic. The location of these sources relative
to the monitoring site are listed in Table 8 and shown in Figure
13. The monitor is identified by the number 1 in Figure 13.
1. Airco Alloys
In 1974, Airco Alloys achieved compliance with all applicable
State regulations. The source is located at a distance of 0.4
miles south southeast (SSE) of the monitoring site. After achieving
compliance, the source's particulate emissions decreased to 60
tons/yr. As shown in Table 1 and Figure 2, the frequency of wind
from the SSE direction is 3.9%. Based on this fact, it is not
expected that this source is presently contributing greatly to the
-38-
-------
Table 8
Principle Point Sources Impact on the
Wyoming Avenue Monitoring Site
Source
Airco Alloys a
Union Car- b
bide National
Union
Carbide
Republic
Map Stack
Symbol Information
9 stacks
38 stacks
varying
heights
23 stacks
varying
heights
Distance
& Direction
from Monitor
0.4 mi SSE
0.6 mi S
1.0 mi SE
Emissions
1975
(tons/yr)
-60
192
147
Emissions
1977
(tons/yr)
•60
192
147
Percent
Reduction
(1975-77)
0
0
TOTAL
399
399
-39-
-------
Figure 13
Point Sources Impacting on the
Hyoming Avenu? Monitoring Sit?
>•"•/# **, *:&*.... •*;:;:•: <-"v\\
^^ .••/er"7f'-** "V. --V\\-
&^'/'!L,'l . -,o^i^
S*-'YV.' »••• i. >-
KiiJ!W«f' .c-'T. - . Vt-.'' i
• —-,•--, - . ,Ck- ,,: \j.
//^, y^f-a^v "A/---^
/{•-^^t^i^.^Tu^...^^ ^ ':-'. I
SP$%^Wj
FCC-ra^^^rtTtffif -;;
¥ £b=&s^^°- tg?A^^"
^(.^^g^^^^^gi^:
("^^^Sfeljsjl^li^^'/p:. V~J"K?;
il'-V—srfcpr* U-»^_>M«sii_^ljJjto«i; -• i • .'/•.-' f
• ^l!^fcSfe^^V?^
; ^rfrjsm:^4 : li^fe^^fc^fe^^S,.
1 cU^E^UiETgf./ V; ~^->>2J"t x •V^srAT^pq-f-—v__j—1_,_ .
• ^Ui4lkJ_&i'y^ / •/:.• fO^.y^rr^.aaaaaXD. •'• .nturrr;'
^ffii^&/;i4^
"•• ^•t-'n-fcH*'"'• -vM^Pf £iu*g!i•-)'»- I-- ',-;--r\—- .>
-:^yr^^Z;'g^^^^%hSb?'J.v:{•! --P^ r*r.-w"'
~P^iIi4,M /^
-------
concentrations being recorded at the monitoring site.
2. Union Carbide-National
In November 1974, Union Carbide-National achieved compliance
with all applicable State regulations. Two emission points within
the facility reduced their particulate matter emissions by 99% from
1,457 tons/yr to 15 tons/yr. As shown in Table 8, the source is
located to the south of the monitor at a distance of 0.6 miles.
Table 1 shows that wind from a southerly direction occurs 10.1%
of the time. Since there are no significant sources located to
the southwest, west southwest or west (the other directions of high
wind frequency) Union Carbide-National should have the greatest
impact on the monitoring site. This is confirmed by Figure 3
which shows that from the year ending with the fourth quarter of
1974 to the year ending the third quarter of 1975 the annual
geometric mean decreased from 81 ug/m3 to 72 ug/m3, attaining the
primary standard of 75 ug/m3. This reduction in air quality can
be directly attributable to the reductions achieved by this
facility in November 1974.
3. Union Carbide-Republic
The source is in compliance with all applicable State regula-
tions and is located 1.0 mile to the southeast of the monitoring
site. In 1975, the source emitted 147 tons/year of particulate
matter. Due to the small frequency of wind from the southeast
direction (2.6%) it is not expected that this source has appreciable
impact on the monitoring site.
-41-
-------
B. Girard Avenue, Kies Avenue and Niagara Falls Park
Monitoring Stations
The significant point sources impacting on the Girard Av.,
Kies Ave., and Niagara Falls Park monitoring sites are Goodyear
Tire and Rubber Co., Hooker Chemical, Nitek Paper Corp. , Great
Lakes Carbon, Union Carbide-Acheson and Airco Speer - Carbon
Graphite. The location of these sources relative to the monitoring
sites are listed in Table 9 and shown in Figure 14. The Girard
Ave site is identified by the number 2 on Figure 14, the Kies Ave.
>
site by the number 3 and the Niagara Falls Park site by the number
4.
1. Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company
This source is in compliance with all applicable State regula-
tions and in 1975 emitted 231 tons/year of particulate matter. The
source is located 0.7 miles west of the Girard Ave. monitor, 0.3
miles northwest of the Kies Ave. monitor and 1.3 miles southwest
of the Niagara Falls Park monitor. Based on examination of Table
1 and Figure 2 it is expected that this source will have the greatest
impact on the Girard Ave. monitoring site with lessening effects on
the Kies Ave. and Niagara Falls Park monitoring sites.
2. Hooker Chemical Company
In June 1974 the source achieved full compliance with applicable
State regulations. In 1975, the source'emitted 39 tons/year of
particulate matter. Its location is 1.0 mile southwest of the
Girard Ave. site, 0.7 miles southwest of the Kies Ave. site and
1.7 miles south southeast of the Niagara Falls Park monitoring
site. The wind blows from the southwest 10% of the time and 3.9%
of the time from the south southeast. As a result, it is expected
-42-
-------
Table 9
Principle Point Sources Impacting on the Girard Avenue,
Kies Avenue and Niagara Falls Park Monitoring Sites
Map Stack
Source Symbol Information
Goodyear Tire a
& Rubber
Hooker b
NiteG. c
Paper Corp.
Great Lakes d
Carbon
Union Carbide- e
Acheson
Airco Speer f
32 stacks -
varying hts.
75 stacks -
varying hts.
N/A
22 stacks -
varying hts.
26 stacks -
varying hts.
8 stacks -
varying hts.
Distance Emissions
& Direction 1975
from Monitors (tons/yr)
0.7 mi
0.3 mi
1.3 mi
1.0 nn
0.7 mi
1.7 mi
1.5 mi
0.7 mi
0.9 mi
0.7 mi
0.8 mi
1.7 mi
0.9 mi
0.7 mi
1.0 mi
1.0 mi
0.7 mi
1.0 mi
W 231
NW
SE
SW 39
SW
SSE
WNW 1,051
NW
SE
NW 162
MNE
ESE
NW 45
NNW
SE
ESE 6,647
SE
NW
Emissions Percent
1977 Reduction
(tons/yr) (1975-77)
231 0
39 0
376 64
0
45 0
335 95
TOTAL
8,175
1,026
87
N/A - Not Available
-43-
-------
-p.
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-------
that this source will impact to a greater extent on the Girard Ave. and
Kies Ave. sites than the Niagara Falls Park site.
3. Nitec Paper Corporation
The source is not in compliance with State regulations but is cur-
rently on a compliance schedule which will bring the source into compliance
by March 1, 1977. At that time the source will reduce its emissions from
1,051 tons/yr to 376 tons/yr. The source is located 1.5 miles west north-
west of the Girard Ave. site, 0.7 miles northwest of the Kies Ave. site
and 0.9 miles southeast of the Niagara Falls Park site. After examination
of Table 1 and Figure 2, it can reasonably be concluded that this source
will have its greatest impact on the Girard Ave. monitoring site.
4. Great Lakes Carbon
The compliance status of this source is presently unknown. The source
emits 162 tons/year of particulate matter. It's location is 0.7 miles
northwest of the Girard Ave. site, 0.8 miles north northeast of the Kies
Ave. site and 1.7 miles east southeast of the Niagara Falls Park site.
From Table 1 and Figure 2 it can be seen that this source will have the
same impact on all three monitoring sites.
5. Union Carbide - Acheson
The source is not in compliance with State regulations and
is not expected to be in compliance by 1977. It's location is 0.9
miles northwest of the Girard Ave. site, 0.7 miles north northwest
of the Kies Ave. site and 1.0 miles southeast of the Niagara Falls
Park site. Analysis of Table l.and Figure 2, shows that the source
will impact equally on the Girard Ave. and Kies Ave. sites with the
•45-
-------
impact on the Niagara Falls Park site being less.
6. Airco Speer
The source is presently not in compliance with State regulations.
By August 1976 the source will reduce its emissions of particulate
matter from 6,647 tons/year to 335 tons/year (95% reduction). The
source is located 1.0 mile east southeast of the Girard Ave. site,
0.7 miles southeast of the Kies Ave. site and 1.0 mile northwest of
the Niagara Falls Park site. Table 1 shows that the wind frequencies
are as follows: ESE - 3.1%, SE - 2.6%, NW - 3.7%. If it is assumed
that the yearly emissions of particulate matter are uniform and that
all non-background particulate matter collected at the sampling sites
is from Airco Speer, the reductions to be attained at this facility
will reduce the air quality levels at the three sites by the following
approximate amounts:
(1) Girard Avenue: (.031)(.95)(94 - 40) = 1.6 ug/m3
(11) Kies Avenue: (.026)(.95)(120- 40) = 2.0 ug/m3
(111) Niagara Falls Park: (.037)(.95)(86 - 40) = 1.6 ug/m3
C. Sewage Treatment Plant (Lackawanna), Ridge Road and
Public School #4 Monitoring Stations
The significant point sources impacting on the Sewage Treatment
Plant (Lackawanna), Ridge Road and Public School #4 monitoring sites
are Bethlehem Steel, Ford Motor Company, Hanna Furnace and Buffalo Brake
Beam. The location of these sources relative to the monitoring sites is
listed in Table 10 and shown in Figure 15. In Figure 15 the Sewage
Treatment Plant (Lackawanna) site is identified by the number 11, the
Ridge Road site by the number 12 and the Public School #4 site by the
number 13.
-46-
-------
Table 10
Principle Point Sources Impacting on the
Sewage Treatment Plant (Lackawanna), Ridge Road and
Public School #4 Monitoring Sites
Source
Bethlehem
Steel
Ford Motor
Company
Map Stack
Symbol Information
a Numerous
19 stacks -
varying hts.
Hanna Furnace c
Buffalo Brake d
Beam
TOTAL
16 stacks -
varying hts,
8 stacks -
varying hts.
Distance
& Direction
from Monitors
0.5 mi W
1.5 mi W
0.6 mi SSW-SW
2.0 mi SSW
3.0 mi SSW
3.0 mi SW
1.4 mi NW
1.5 mi NNW
0.5 mi N
0.2 mi NW
1.0 mi W W
0.8 mi SSE
Emissions
1975
(tons/yr)
"7,300
67
11
32
-7,410
Emissions
1977
(tons/yr)
u*
67
11
32
Percent
Reduction
(1975-77)
u*
0
u* - undetermined
-47-
-------
f i
'•4
fl
Figure 15
•Point Sources Imoacting on the Sev/ape Treatment Plant
.(Lackawanna), Ridqe Road and Public School £4 Mom'tori no Sites
•prr-^-rv^^*'^ ^ ^'Js^~^^=LJ±^Ia,iZ
Wi^f4==J221^
jS*j.-;vs:.:Nv .ST1"" ! 'Luir^j ;.j , i - .-r,: .... ...— . ;^
fjS^TiTS.-i: i-X-)r <* ?,-/:> ;t—: "•-.-:I; u;'.x ''•.. NT;/
'^ESEggi^4* ^•ri/^!iT:Tr^---^-^^V
-48-
-------
1. Bethlehem Steel
This source is not in compliance with applicable State
regulations. It is estimated that the source emits 7,300 tons/year
of particulate matter and is located 0.5 miles west of the Sewage
Treatment Plant (Lackawanna) monitor, 1.5 miles west of the Ridge
Road monitor and 0.6 miles south southwest of the Public School #4
monitor. Based on examination of Table 1 and Figure 2 it is ex-
pected that this source will have the greatest impact on the Public
School #4 monitor with a lesser effect on the Sewage Treatment Plant
and Ridge Road monitors.
2. Ford Motor Company
The source is presently in compliance with all applicable State
regulations and is located 2.0 miles south southwest of the Sewage
Treatment Plant (Lackawanna) monitor, 3.0 miles south southwest of
the Ridge Road monitor and 3.0 miles southwest of the Public School
#4 monitor. The source emits 67 tons/year of particulate matter.
Taking into account the data presented in Table 1 and Figure 2, the
source's emissions and the source's distance from the monitoring
sites, this source probably will have a relatively minor impact
on the three monitors.
3. Hanna Furnace
This source is in compliance with State regulations and is
located 1.4 miles northwest of the Sewage Treatment Plant
(Lackawanna) monitor, 1.5 miles west northwest of the Ridge Road
monitor and 0.5 miles north of the Public School #4 monitor. The
emissions from this source in 1975 amounted to 11 tons/year of
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participate matter. Due to its location and size, the source will
probably impact minimally on all three monitors.
4. Buffalo Brake Beam
The source is in compliance with State regulations and is
located 0.2 miles northwest of the Sewage Treatment Plant (Lackawanna)
monitor, 1.0 miles west southwest of the Ridge Road monitor and 0.8
miles south southeast of the Public .School #4 monitor. In 1975 this
source emitted 32 tons/year of particulate matter. Examination of
Table 1 and Figure 2 shows that this source should have its greatest
impact on the Ridge Road monitor.
D. Holy Family Church, Public School 126. Public School #28
and Dingens Street
The significant point sources impacting on the Holy Family
Church, Public School #26, Public School #28 and Dingens Street
monitoring sites are Bethlehem Steel, Hanna Furnace, Mobil Oil Re-
finery, Allied Chemical Company, Republic Steel, Donna Hanna Coke
Plant, Trico Products, Corp., Tobin Packing, and Pohlman Foundary.
The location of these sources relative to the monitoring sites are
listed in Table 11 and shown in Figure 16. In Figure 16, the Holy
Family Church is identified by the number 5, the Public School #26
monitor by the number 6, the Public School #28 monitor by the
number 7 and the Dingens Street monitor by the number 8.
1. Bethlehem Steel
See discussion under paragraph Cl of this section. The source
is located 2.0 miles southwest of the Holy Family Church monitor,
3.0 miles southwest of the Public School #26 monitor, 2.5 miles
southwest of the Public School #28 monitor and 4.5 miles southwest
of the Dingens Street monitor. Based on an analysis of Table 1
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Table 11
Principle Point Sources Impacting on the Holy Family Church,
Public School #26, Public School #28 and Dingens Street Monitoring Sites
Map Stack
Source Symbol Information
Bethlehem a Numerous
Steel
Hanna Furnace
Mobil Oil
Republic Steel f
Donna Hanna g
Trico
16 stacks -
varying hts.
13 stacks -
varying hts.
Allied Chemical e N/A
14 stacks -
varying hts.
N/A
h 17 stacks -
varying hts.
Direction
& Distance
from Monitors
2.0 mi SW
3 mi SW
2.5 mi SW
4.5 mi SW
1.5 mi SW
2.5 mi SSW
1.8 mi SW
3.5 mi SW
1.3 mi NNW
0.4 mi S
0.5 mi N
1.3 mi NE
1.2 mi NNW
0.5 mi SW
0.5 mi NW
1.5 mi NE
1.3 mi NW
1.0 mi SE
0.5 mi NW
1.5 mi NE.
0.8 mi NW
1.3 mi SSW
0.5 mi SW
2.4 mi SW
1.8 mi NNW.
0.5 mi SW
1.0 mi NW •
2.0 mi SW
Emissions
1975
(tons/yr)
7,300
Emissions
1977
(tons/yr)
Percent
Reduction
(1975-77)
11
11
114
114
68
68
128
128
72
18
18
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Table 11
(continued)
Tobin Packing j 8 stacks - 2.3 mi NNE 1 1
18 ft. high 0.8 mi NE
1.5 mi NNE
0.8 mi SW
Pohlman Foundry k 8 stacks - 2.5 mi NNE 41 41
15-55 ft. 1.0 mi ME
high 2.0 mi NNE
0.8 mi NW
TOTAL -7,753 u*
u* - undetermined
N/A - Not Available
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Figure 16
Point Sources Inoactinq on the Holy Family
Church, Public School #26, Public School
#28 and Dinqens Street Monitoring Sites
* -iS^t^^^^s,
jJS^!l:p^iy^
ttyftaa^^:* ij^£££^£§£
XVAtV \ i\\-,-\»vr-**u*-Ei!l.1-'-i ? v'-—^-i;--- -•-••' i M-i-^ \ j° il't—»v—4"
\
.IK
~'>AiV-
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it can be determined that the contribution of this source to each
monitor is approximately equal.
3. Mobil Oil
The source is in compliance with applicable State regulations
and in 1975 emitted 114 tons/yr of particulate matter. The source
is located 1.3 miles north northwest of the Holy Family Church
monitor, 0.4 miles south of the Public School #26 monitor, 0.5 miles
north of the Public School #28 monitor and 1.3 miles northeast of
the Dingens Street monitor. From Table 1 it can be determined that
the source will exert the greatest effect on the Public School #26
monitor.
4. Allied Chemical - Industrial Chemical Division
The source is in compliance with applicable State regulations
and is presently emitting 68 tons/yr of particulate matter. It is
located 1.2 miles north northwest of the Holy Family Church monitor,
0.5 miles southwest of the Public School #26 monitor, 0.5 miles
northwest of the Public School #28 monitor and 1.5 miles northeast
of the Dingens Street monitor. Again, examination of Table 1 shows
that the source will have its greatest impact on the Public School
#26 monitor.
5. Republic Steel
The source is in compliance with applicable State regulations
and is located 1.3 miles northwest of the Holy Family Church
monitor, 1.0 miles southeast of the Public School #26 monitor,
0.5 miles northwest of the Public School #28 monitor and 1.5 miles
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northeast of the Dingens Street monitor. At the present time, the
source is in compliance with applicable State regulations and is
emitting 128 tons/yr of particulate matter.
6. Donna Hanna Coke Plant
The compliance status of this source is presently undetermined.
Due to the nature of the operations at this plant (coking) it is
assumed that the source is not in compliance with applicable State
regulations. In 1975, the source emitted 72 tons/yr of particulate
matter. It is located 0.8 miles northwest of the Holy Family Church
monitor, 1.3 miles south southwest of the Public School #26 monitor,
0.5 miles southwest of the Public School #28 monitor and 2.4 miles
southwest of the Dingens Street monitor. Examination of Table 1
and the distance of the source from the monitors confirm that the
source will impact greatest on the Public School #28 monitor.
In fact, this monitor was placed in its present location as part
of a NYSDEC special study aimed at quantifying the impact of
particulate matter emissions from coking operations on nearby
monitoring sites.
7. Trico Products Corp.
The source is currently in compliance with all applicable State
regulations and in 1975 emitted 18 tons/yr of particulate matter.
The source is located 1.8 miles north northwest of the Holy Family
Church monitor, 0.5 miles southwest of the Public School #26 monitor,
1.0 mile northwest of the Public School #28 monitor and 2.0 miles
southwest of the Dingens Street monitor. Analysis of Table 1 and
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source location confirms that the source will have its greatest impact
on the Public School #26 monitor.
8. Tobin Packing
In 1975, this source emitted only 1 ton/yr of particulate matter
and was in compliance with applicable State regulations. The source
is located 1.8 miles north northwest of the Holy Family Church monitor,
0.8 miles northeast of the Public School #26 monitor, 1.5 miles north
northeast of the Public School #28 monitor and 0.8 miles southwest of
the Dingens Street monitor. Due to the minimal emissions from this
source, the impact on the Dingens Street monitor will be virtually
negligible.
9. Pohlman Foundry
The source is in compliance with all applicable State regulations
and in 1975 emitted 41 tons/yr of particulate matter. The source is
located 2.5 miles north northeast of the Holy Family Church monitor,
1.0 miles northeast of the Public School #26 monitor, 2.0 miles north
northeast of the Public School #28 monitor and 0.8 miles northeast of
the Dingens Street monitor. Analysis of Table 1 shows that this source
will have minimal impact on all three monitors.
E. Sewage Treatment Plant (Tonawanda)
The only significant point source impacting on this monitor is
the Allied Chemical facility. The compliance status of this source
is undetermined due to coking operations. The source is located
2.2 miles southwest of the monitoring site and in 1975 its emissions
were estimated to be 301 tons/yr of particulate matter. The location
of this source relative to the monitoring site is shown in Figure
17. The source is denoted by the letter 1 and the monitor by the
number #4.
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Figure 17
Point Source Impacting on the Sewage
Treatment Plant (Tonawanda) Monitoring Site
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The monitor identified as number 15 is a special study site set up by
NYSDEC in an effort to quantify the impact of the particulate matter
emissions from coking operations at this facility on air quality.
VI. Evaluation of Control Strategy
A. Wyoming Avenue
The annual geometric mean at the Wyoming Avenue monitor for 1974
was 81 ug/nr*, which exceeded the primary standard of 75 ug/nP. Data
recorded through the end of 1975 shows that the annual geometric mean
decreased to 69 ug/m , thereby attaining the primary standard. For
endar year 1974, the second highest 24-hr concentration was 228 ug/rn^
which attained the primary standard of 260 ug/m , but contravened the
secondary standard of 150 ug/m^, As discussed in Section V-A2 of this
report, the Union Carbide-National facility reduced its emissions sig-
nificantly in 1974. This accounts for the reduction attained in the
annual geometric mean.
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B. Girard Avenue, Kies Avenue and Niagara Falls Park
The annual geometric mean recorded at the Girard Avenue and
Niagara Falls Park sites in 1974 were the lowest since the sites
began operation. However, the annual geometric mean at the Kies
Avenue site increased from 110 ug/m3 in 1973 to 120 ug/m3 in 1974.
The primary 24-hour standard of 260 ug/m3 was attained at both the
Girard Avenue and Niagara Falls Park monitors while the standard
was contravened at the Kies Avenue monitor. Using data from Table
4 and assuming a background concentration of 40 ug/m3, reductions
in controllable TSP levels from 1972 to 1974 attained at the Girard
Avenue, Kies Avenue and Niagara Falls Park were 27% (}}^~^§ x ioo)»
9% (139-13Q x 100) and 16%.(^g§.x 100), respectively. These
improvements are attributable, in part, to the pre-1975 emission
reductions achieved by the sources listed in Table 9.
The emission reductions from 1974 levels needed to attain the
primary NAAQS of 75 ug/m3 at the Girard Avenue, Kies Avenue and
Niagara Falls Park sites are 36% (ff^fx 100), 56% (ifljlflj x 10°)
and 27% (ffrw x 100)» respectively. As shown in Table 9, Airco
Speer will attain a 95% reduction in particulate matter emissions.
Due to monitor locations and wind frequencies it is uncertain
whether or not this reduction in emissions will be enough to pro-
vide for attainment of the primary NAAQS.
For attainment of the secondary standard, reductions from
1974 levels of 17% (i73:Ho x 10°) and 28% (ISII1" x looj are
needed at the Girard Avenue and Niagara Falls Park sites, respectively.
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Again, as discussed above, it is uncertain as to whether or not the
secondary standard will be attained. Data through the end of 1975
shows that the secondary standard is not being attained at both sites.
In order to attain the primary 24-hour standard of 260 ug/m3 at the
Kies Avenue site a reduction of 11% (286- 40 X 100^ is needed. As dis-
cussed previously, it is uncertain whether the primary 24-hour standard
will be attained at this site.
Analysis of data for the yearly period ending in 1975 shows that
the annual geometric mean at the Girard Avenue site decreased to 88 ug/m3,
the annual geometric mean at the Kies Avenue site increased to 122 ug/m3
and the annual geometric mean at the Niagara Falls Park ite decreased to
84 ug/m3,
C. Sewage Treatment Plant (Lackawanna), Ridge Road and Public
School #4
The Public School #4 site is a special study site and will not be
evaluated to determine attainment of NAAQS for particulate matter.
The Sewage Treatment Plant (Lackawanna) and Ridge Road sites have
exhibited significant downward trends in the annual geometric mean since
1970. These reductions are primarily due to decreased operations at the
Bethlehem Steel Plant over the years. From data in Table 4, in 1974 the
reduction needed to attain the primary standard at the Sewage Treatment
(118-75 ,nnx
Plant (Lackawanna) and Ridge Road sites was 55% (118-40 x IUUj and 15%
(81-75 x -|QQ\
(81-40 , respectively.
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For attainment of the secondary standard at the Ridge Road site a
(188-150 10Q)
reduction from 1974 of 26% (188- 40 'is needed. At the Sewage
(305-260 x 1QO\
Treatment Plant (Lackawanna) a reduction of 17% (305- 40 is needed
to attain the primary standard. Data available through the end of 1975
indicates that the Ridge Road Site attained the annual primary standard
with a concentration of 74 ug/m3. and the Sewage Treatment Plant (Lacka-
o
wanna) still exceeds the primary standard with a concentration of 100 ug/m .
Data available through the end of 1975 shows that the primary 24-hour
standard is marginally being attained at the Sewage Treatment Plant (Lacka-
wanna) site while the primary 24-hr standard is being attained at the
Ridge Road site.
As can be seen from Table 10, the source which will ultimately de-
termine whether the primary and secondary standards will be attained at
these sites is the Bethlehem Steel plant. This source is the largest
emitter in the area and due to the frequency and wind direction exerts the
greatest impact on both sites. Due to the nature of the coking operations
undertaken at this plant, it is difficult at present, to determine an appli-
cable control methodology for this source.
D. Holy Family Church, Public School #26, Public School #28 and
Dingens Street
The Public School #28 site is a special study site and will not be
evaluated to determine the adequacy of the SIP for attainment of NAAQS for
particulate matter.
The Holy Family Church and Dingens Street monitor have exhibited down-
ward trends in annual geometric mean concentrations since 1971 and 1970, re-
spectively. The annual geometric mean at the Public School #26 site has re-
mained virtually constant since 1972. The reductions at the first two sites
are due to sources complying with the applicable State regulations.
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The emission reductions from 1974 levels needed to attain the
primary NAAQS of 75 ug/m3 at the Holy Family Church, Public School
#26 and Dingens Street are 27% (ff^ x 100). 59% (jf—f x 100)
20% (stl-i^o x ioo)» respectively. As shown in Table 11, all sources
with the exception of Bethlehem Steel and Donna Hanna are in compliance
with applicable State regulations. Due to the magnitude of its emis-
sions, Bethlehem Steel will have the greatest impact on the monitors.
Until this source is brought into compliance, it does not appear
likely that the primary NAAQS will be attained. Analysis of
Figures 9, 10 and 11 for the yearly period ending .w4th tke-tM-rd
\ *j
f 1975 showed that all three sites had tremendous reduc-
tions in air quality. The annual geometric means were as follows:
Holy Family Church - 77 ug/m3
Public School #26 - 90 ug/m3
Dingens Street - 68 ug/m3
These reductions in air quality do not appear to be permanent
and are probably due to the fact that the coke ovens at Bethlehem
Steel were not operating at 100% capacity even though this is
presently possible under the State's regulations.
For attainment of the 24-hour secondary standard of 150 ug/m3,
reductions from 1974 levels of 30% (H§I*S8 x 10°) and 35% (IHS-1^ x 100)
are needed at the Holy Family Church and Dingens Street sites,
respectively. Again, the status of secondary standard attainment
is probably dependent on the emissions from Bethlehem Steel. In
order to attain the primary 24-hour standard at the Public School •
#26 site, a reduction of 12% (581-2S8 x 10°) is needed. nata avail-
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able through the end of 1975 shows that the secondary 24-hour standard
is currently being attained at all three sites.
E. Sewage Treatment Plant (Tonawanda) and Mew York State Thruway
Garage
The New York State Thruway Garage is a special study site and will
not be evaluated to determine the adequacy of the SIP for attainment of
NAAQS for particulate matter.
The Sewage Treatment Plant (Tonawanda) site has exhibited a signifi-
cant downward trend in the annual geometric mean since 1970. In 1974, the
annual geometric mean was 75 ug/m^, which attained the primary NAAQS of
75 ug/m^- In addition, the second highest 24-hour concentration was 135
ug/nP which attained the national secondary standard of 150 ug/m3. Figure
12 shows that since the standard was attained in 1974, the annual geometric
mean has increased to greater than 134 ug/nr with the yearly period ending
in 1975. These elevated values are due to construction underway upwind of
the site and the values should decrease to values at or below the primary
standard as soon as the construction is completed.
VII. Conclusions
Based on an analysis of the Niagara Frontier AQCR the following can
be concluded:
1. The primary standards were attained at the Wyoming Avenue site
in 1975.
2, It cannot be determined whether the secondary standard will be
attained at the Wyoming Avenue site.
3. It cannot be determined whether the primary and -secondary standards
will be attained at the Girard Avenue, Kies Avenue and Niagara Falls Park
monitoring sites.
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4. It cannot be determined whether the primary and secondary
standards will be attained at the Sewage Treatment Plant (Lackawanna)
monitoring site.
5. The primary standards were attained at the Ridge Road monitoring
site in 1975, but is cannot be determined if secondary standards will be
achieved at this site.
6. It cannot be determined whether the primary and secondary standards
will be attained at the Holy Family Church and Public School #26 monitoring
sites.
7. The primary standards were attained at the Dingens Street monitoring
site in 1975. However, this showing of attainment may not be the result
of permanent emission reductions.
8. It cannot be determined whether the secondary standard will be
attained at the Dingens Street monitoring site,
9. The primary and secondary standards were probably attained at
the Sewage Treatment Plant (Tonawanda) monitoring site in 1974. Subse-
quent high values for 1975 are the result of short-term construction
activity.
VII. Recommendati ons
1. The development of an Air Quality Maintenance Plan should proceed
as scheduled to assure continued attainment in those areas currently at-
taining standards.
2. An updated emission inventory should be developed in order to
accurately identify the major emitters of particulate matter.
3. Diffusion modeling of those areas being impacted by Bethlehem
Steel should be undertaken in order to determine the emission reductions
necessary to attain the primary and secondary standards.
-------
4. The NYSDEC should begin review of its participate matter emission
regulations to determine if RACT is being applied to the larger sources.
5. An analysis of the Eagle Street monitoring site should be under-
taken on the nature and type of sources which impact on this monitor.
6. Diffusion modeling of those areas with the special study site,
the Public School #4 and the New York State Thruway Garage monitoring
sites, should be undertaken to determine the extent of the non-attainment
problem at these sites.
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