WATER QUALITY IN THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
ST. THOMAS
Buck Island
Frederiksted
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION H
SURVEILLANCE AND ANALYSIS DIVISION
-------
WATER QUALITY
in the
VIRGIN ISLANDS
May 1973
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Region II
Surveillance and Analysis Division
Edison, New Jersey 08817
-------
SUMMARY
1. The municipal dump in St. Thomas causes severe violations
of standards for floating solids, dissolved oxygen, and
fecal coliform bacteria.
2. Waters adjacent to municipal-industrial complexes are in
the early stages of degradation. Although not severe,
bacterial contamination is widespread in Charlotte Amalie
and Christiansted Harbors. Water quality adjacent to the
industrial complex on the south shore of St. Croix is
good.
3. Outside areas of municipal and industrial development,
coastal waters of the U. S. Virgin Islands exhibit good
quality.
4. At 67 of 138 sampling locations background organisms were
encountered which may have interfered with fecal coliform
analysis by the membrane filter procedure. Since fecal
coliform levels are generally low and interference was
observed at a large number of locations, it is possible
that fecal coliform analysis by the membrane filter proce-
dure may not be a completely reliable indicator of fecal
contamination in Virgin Islands waters. However, much
further study would be required to reach final conclusions
regarding this matter.
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
Location 1
Climate 1
Economy 2
WATER USES
Potable Water Supply 2
Recreational Uses 2
WASTE SOURCES
Municipal Wastes 2
Industrial Wastes 3
Private Resorts and Developments 3
Vessel Wastes 3
Stormwater Runoff 3
1972 EPA SURVEY
Sampling Locations , 3
Sampling Frequency 4
Water Quality Parameter Analyzed 4
Collection and Preservation Procedures b
Analytical Interferences U
PRESENT WATER QUALITY
Waters Which Violate Water Quality Standards 5
Moderately Degraded Waters 5
Clean Waters ...... 6
APPENDICES
A - Water Quality Standards for Coastal Waters of the
Virgin Islands
B - Municipal Wastewater Discharges in the Virgin Islands
C - Industrial Wastewater Discharges in the Virgin Islands
D - Discharges from Private Resorts & Developments
E - Analytical Data for the Virgin Islands
F - Bacteriological Assays
G - Determination of Metals in Seawater
H - Determination of Metals in Sediments
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WATER QUALITY SURVEY — VIRGIN ISLANDS
The United States Virgin Islands are located 1400 miles south-
east of New York City and 1000 miles east of Miami, Florida. They
include three main islands—St. Croix, St. Thomas and St. John, and
approximately 50 smaller islands and cays (Figure 1). They are
bounded on the north by the Atlantic Ocean and on the south by the
Caribbean Sea. Puerto Rico lies 40 miles to the west and Tortola,
British Virgin Islands, one mile to the east.
St. Thomas (12 miles long, population 28,960) is a thriving com-
mercial and tourist center. Its life revolves around Charlotte
Amalie (population 12,220), its only major city and capital of the
Virgin Islands. Charlotte Amalie has one of the finest natural har-
bors of the Caribbean and is a popular port of call for both yachts-
men and passenger liners.
St. Croix (28 miles long, population 31,779) lies 40 miles to
the south. Its major cities are •Christiansted (population 3,020)
and Frederiksted (population 1,531). It too is a busy commercial
and tourist center and is beginning to develop industrially.
Three miles to the east of St. Thomas, lies St. John (9 miles
long, population 1,729). Nearly three-quarters o£ its rugged
mountains and most of its offshore waters have bee'n preserved as
the Virgin Islands National Park. It is famous as a water wonderland
of white sand beaches, crystal clear waters, and luxuriant coral
gardens.
Originally volcanic, the islands are now overlaid with limestone.
All three islands have jagged, rocky shores interspersed with secluded
bays and coral sand beaches. The surrounding waters are extremely
clear; light easily penetrates to a depth of 100 feet. The offshore
depths, which plunge nearly "^ miles to the ocean floor, are among
the best sport fishing waters of the world.
The tropical climate is unusually mild and pleasant. The tempera-
ture seldom strays more than 5 degrees from the annual average of
78 F. Rainfall averages 44 inches per year, approximately equal to
that received in the eastern United States. Nearly half the average
rainfall is received in four months, August through November. Rain
normally falls as short, intense showers.
The combination of tropical climate, spectacular beaches and
relaxed atmosphere have insured the Virgin Islands a reputation as
a vacation paradise.
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ST. THOMAS
Frederilcited
ST. CROIX
ATLANTIC OCEAN
VIRGIN ISLANDS
kl \
I ^—"^ I CARIBBEAN SEA
Cvntrol Am«ri<
UNITED STATES
VIRGIN ISLANDS
Figure 1
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Tourism is the major industry. The over 700,000 tourists who visit
the Virgin Islands each year contribute $65,000,000 to the local
economy. But this popularity has also brought growing pains. Land
values are soaring. Developments and subdivisions are springing up
everywhere. The resident population which in 1950 was 26,665 has
already passed 60,000 on its way to 200,000 by the year 2015. Even
the immigration laws have had to be relaxed to provide skilled labor.
In addition to the population increase, the Virgin Islands have
also begun to expand industrially. Hess Virgin Islands Corporation
has constructed a 120,000 barrel per day refinery on St. Croix. Just
west of the refinery, Martin-Marietta Corporation operates a plant
for converting bauxite into alumina.
Water Uses
Fresh potable water is a precious commodity in the Virgin Islands.
The high evaporation, steep mountain slopes and small size of the
islands prevent the formation of rivers and lakes. Little groundwater
is available. Most fresh water is provided by entrapment of rainfall.
For many years salt water has been used for fire protection and sani-
tary purposes to reduce the fresh water demand. The fresh water
supply is currently being supplemented by water from desalinization
plants. On each island the nonurban population procures its water
from individual catchment and distribution systems.
Although fresh water is precious, the surrounding waters of the
Caribbean and the Atlantic are even more vital to the island economy.
They are the backbone of the predominant tourist industry. Should
these waters become seriously degraded, the economy would be irrepara-
bly damaged. The Virgin Islands Legislature recognized the value of
these waters by enacting stringent Water Quality Standards. These
standards are summarized in Appendix A. They define best water uses
and quality criteria to be met. It should be noted that they include
a classification for preservation of unusually valuable natural pheno-
mena such as the Natural Barrier Reef at Buck Island, St. Croix and
the Underwater Trail at Trunk Bay, Virgin Islands National Park,
St. John.
Waste Sources
The coastal waters of the Virgin Islands receive discharges of
raw and inadequately treated municipal wastes, storm water runoff,
treated and untreated industrial wastes, and treated domestic wastes
from private resorts and developments. These discharges are summar-
ized in Figures 2 and 3 and Appendices B, C and D.
Discharges of municipal waste are concentrated in Charlotte
Amalie, Christiansted, and Frederiksted. Nearly 3.0 million gallons
per day (MGD) of raw sewage is discharged into harbor waters of
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WASTEWATER DISCHARGES ON ST. THOMAS & ST. JOHN
SAVANA ISLAND
LITTLE HANS IOLLIK ISLAND
HANS LOLIIK ISLAND
T MUNICIPAL DISCHARGES
A INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGES
O PRIVATE RESORTS
AND DEVELOPMENTS
Figure 2
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WASTEWATER DISCHARGES ON ST. CROIX
Altona Lagoon
CHRLSTIANSTED
| MUNICIPAL DISCHARGES
Jl INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGES
o PRIVATE RESORTS
AND DEVELOPMENTS
Figure 3
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Charlotte Amalie. In Christransted 1.0 MGD of raw sewage is pumped
outside the harbor beyond the barrier reef. However, the main
interceptor sewer is overloaded and raw sewage is discharged to the
inner harbor during peak flow periods or power failures. Raw sewage
(0.5 MGD) from the Prederiksted system is discharged directly into
the harbor through two outfalls. Another 1.0 MGD of primary effluent
is discharged to the Caribbean along the south shore of St. Croix.
Municipal discharges are summarized in Appendix B.
Industrial wastes are concentrated mainly along the south shore
of St. Croix. Virgin Island Rum Industries discharges 100,000 GPD
of untreated beverage sediments 3,000 feet offshore in the Bettys
Hope area. Martin-Marietta Alumina discharges 20 MGD of cooling
water from its desalinization plant in the Krause Lagoon area. Also
in the Krause Lagoon area, Hess Virgin Islands Corporation discharges
5.5 MGD of treated refinery waste and 2.2 MGD of cooling water. In
Charlotte Amalie, West Indies Distilleries Limited discharges
240,000 gallons per day (GPD) of untreated waste to municipal sewers
and thence to Crown Bay. The locations and nature of industrial
discharges are summarized in Appendix C.
In addition to fairly large and concentrated discharges of muni-
cipal and industrial wastes, coastal waters of the Virgin Islands
also receive numerous small discharges of domestic waste from private
resorts and developments. These discharges are summarized in
Appendix D. Most of these discharges receive secondary treatment.
The patterns of recent development indicate that the number of dis-
charges of this type will increase.
Discharge of untreated sanitary wastes from vessels is a grow-
ing problem in Frederiksted and Charlotte Amalie harbors. Each of
these harbors are major ports of call for passenger liners and yachts-
men. The recent tendency toward longer stays for passenger liners
and increased use by private yachtsmen are expected to increase the
significance of these discharges.
The rapid development of real estate holdings has been accompanied
by construction of storm water collection systems which periodically
discharge nutrients, silt and bacteria. This problem is especially
significant in Lindbergh Bay, St. Thomas.
1972 EPA Survey
The Environmental Protection Agency conducted studies of the
coastal waters of the Virgin Islands from November 3 to November 27,
1972. Water samples were collected at the surface or 5-foot depth
at 138 stations around St. Thomas, St. Croix and St. John. Fifty-
six of the stations were located around St. Thomas, 28 around
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St. John and 54 around St. Croix. The locations of the sampling
stations are shown in Figures 4 and 5.
Temperature, dissolved oxygen, total coliform (membrane fil-
ter), and fecal coliform (membrane filter) levels were determined
twice at each station. At some stations located in major harbors
these parameters were determined three times. Total organic carbon,
Kjeldahl nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphate, copper,
cadmium, zinc, aluminum, mercury, chromium and lead levels were
determined once at 44 selected stations. Levels of metals in bottom
sediments were also determined at 20 stations. The analytical
results for all determinations are summarized in Appendix E.
Temperature and dissolved oxygen were determined on site during
sample collection. Oxygen was determined by the azide modification
of the Winkler method. To expedite sample collection, the first two
reagents of the Winkler procedure were added immediately in the
field and titration was completed at the end of daily sampling
activities. Bacterial samples were collected in sterile containers
and shipped via aircraft to San Juan, Puerto Rico, where bacterial
analyses were performed in EPA and Puerto Rico Environmental Quality
Board mobile laboratories. To avoid possible thermal shock and
mortality to the bacteria, samples were not cooled following collec-
tion. The elapsed time between collection and analysis of bacterial
samples averaged 6 hours. Analyses for total organic carbon, nutrients,
and metals were performed at EPA laboratories in Edison, N.J. Total
organic carbon samples were preserved with 5 ml/1 HC17 nutrient
samples with 5 ml/1 H2S04» and metals samples with 5 ml/1 lead-free
HN03.
Two analytical interferences were encountered during the sur-
vey. At 67 of the 138 stations background organisms, notably
Pseudomonas aeruglnosa, tended to proliferate on the bacteriological
media and mask the fecal coliform analysis. There is a possibility
that—if present—fecal coliform densities at these stations were
underestimated. Since fecal coliform densities are generally low
throughout the Virgin Islands and the masking effect was observed
at a large number of stations, it may be possible that the fecal coli-
£orm test using the membrane filter procedure may not be a completely
reliable indicator of fecal contamination in Virgin Island waters.
However, much further study would be required to determine the signi-
ficance of the masking effect and ascertain the reliability of the
procedure. The significance of the masking effect is discussed in
detail in Appendix F. Also, the naturally high sodium levels inter-
fered with metal analysis of water samples. This interference was
overcome by passing the samples through ion exchange columns prior
to final metals determination. The analytical methods employed for
both fecal coliform and water metals analyses are summarized in
Appendices F and G. Methods for analyses of metals in sediments
are summarized in Appendix H.
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SAMPLING STATIONS ON ST. THOMAS & ST. JOHN
SAVANA ISLAND
LITTLE HANS LOLLIK ISLAND
HANS LOLLIK ISLAND
Figure 4
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SAMPLING STATIONS ON ST. CROIX
JL Altona Lagoon
CHRISTIANSTED
Figure 5
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Present Water Quality
Waters of the Virgin Islands exhibit three levels of quality;
severe degradation to levels which violate water quality standards;
moderate contamination above background levels but below levels
which would violate standards; and clean waters which exhibit no
contamination. Severely degraded waters, shown as area Gl in
Figure 4, include primarily those adjacent to the municipal dump in
St. Thomas. Moderately contaminated waters, shown as areas Ml, M2,
M3, M4 and M5 of Figures 4 and 5, include primarily those waters
adjacent to areas of municipal-industrial development.
The most seriously degraded waters are those adjacent to the
municipal dump in the airport area of St. Thomas (stations 8, 9, 10
and 11). Water quality standards for floating solids, dissolved
oxygen and fecal coliform bacteria were violated in this area.
Despite the recent installation of a floating boom, these waters
are severely contaminated with floating debris. Debris extends at
least 50 feet beyond the boom and concentrates northwest of the
landfill off the end of the airport runway. Dissolved oxygen stan-
dards were violated at all four stations. Oxygen levels varied from
3.4- to 7.5 mg/1 and failed to meet standards in 5 of 12 samples.
Fecal coliform levels at station 9 exceeded the median value of 70
organisms/100 ml required by the standards. Maximum fecal coliform
densities of stations 8, 9, 10 and 11 were 30, 700, 46 and 1200
organisms/100 ml, respectively. Salmonella enteritidis ser. senften-
berg, a human pathogenic bacterium associated with gastroenteritis,
was isolated at station 9. Copper, 2inc, mercury, and lead levels
of bottom sediments at the dump exceeded corresponding levels in back-
ground sediments elsewhere. Bottom sediments at the dump also con-
tained debris. Water quality in this area is summarized in Tables I
and II.
Water adjacent to municipal-industrial complexes are experiencing
the early effects of degradation. Although the average levels of
all parameters in these areas are essentially identical to average
levels in clean waters, the maximum values are generally higher.
Temperature averaged 28.3°C (82.9°F). Dissolved oxygen varied from
4.7 to 8.3 mg/1. Total and fecal coliform levels were generally
below 0.5 organisms/100 ml but reached maximum values of 1500 and
650 organisms/100 ml, respectively. Nitrate and total nitrogen levels
averaged 0.05 and 0.45 mg/1, respectively. Total phosphate averaged
.05 mg/1 and total organic carbon averaged 9.7 mg/1.
The degree of contamination in moderately degraded waters is best
reflected by the bacterial data. Figures 6 and 7 show the actual
total and fecal coliform values for Charlotte Amalie and Christiansted
Harbors plotted in the approximate location of sampling. Fecal coli-
form densities were above background levels in Christiansted Harbor
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NORTH SHORE ST. THOMAS
CLEAN WATER
CHARLOTTE AMALIE HARBOR
MODERATELY CONTAMINATED
LEGEND
Total Coliform/100 ml, 1st Sample, 2nd Sample, etc.
Fecal Coliform/100 ml, 1st Sample, 2nd Sample, etc.
iFigure 6
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TOTAL AND FECAL CONFORM LEVELS IN CHRISTIANSTED HARBOR
CHRISTIANSTED HARBOR
MODERATELY CONTAMINATED
SOUTH SHORE ST. CROIX
CLEAN WATER
LEGEND
Total Coliform/lOOml, 1st Sample, 2nd Sample, etc.
Fecal Coliform/lOOml, lit Sample, 2nd Sample, etc.
0,3
Figure 7
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Table I
Parameter and Value
Water Quality Adjacent to
Municipal Dump, St. Thomas, U. S. Virgin Islands
November 14, 16, 21, 1972
Station Number
8 9 10
Dissolved Oxygen, mg/1
Fecal Coliform, MF/100 ml
Total Coliform, MF/100 ml
TOG, mg/1
TKN, mg/1
N03, mg/1
T-P, mg/1
Cu, /ig/1
Cd, /ig/1
Zn, /ig/1
Hg, /ig/1
Cr,/ig/l
Pb,/ug/l
7.5, 6.2, 3.9 7.0.([377>(5.3)
30, 0, 28 ( 700. 100. 65)
43, 0, 390 3,400, 120, 800
7.0, 6.6, (5.0J
0, 46, 23
1, 62, 40
11
[3741 6.5, 5.7
1, 0, 1200
1, 0, 80,000
41
0.70
< .05
0.06
15
80
180
250
< .25
<30
70
Floating Solids (Floating solids were observed at all stations at all sampling times. Standards
were continually violated).
c
J Water Quality Standards Violation
Salmonella enteritidis ser. senftenberg, a human pathogenic bacterium associated with gastroenteritis,
was isolated at Station 9.
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Table II
Metals Levels in Sediments Adjacent to
Mun ic ipal Dump ,
Parameter and Value
Cu, mg/kg
Cd, mg/kg
Zn, mg/kg
Hg, mg/kg
Cr, mg/kg
Pb, mg/kg
St. Thomas, U.
*
Mean Level
Background
12.8
9.3
17.6
0.014
8.0
37.9
S. Virgin Islands
Location
*
at Levels Adjacent to
Stations Dump, Station 11
103
9.8
540
0.15
31.7
352.0
Based on dry weight
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both inside and outside the reef (stations 118 and 117). General
patterns of elevated bacterial levels were observed in both
Charlotte Amalie and Christians ted Harbors. Fecal coliforms were
often detected repetitively at the same location. In Charlotte
Amalie fecal coliform densities varied from less than one to 220
organisms/100 ml. Slightly elevated fecal coliform densities were
also observed in: Honeymoon Bay, St. Thomas; Cruz Bay, St. John
and Prune Bay, St« Croix.
Water quality adjacent to the industrial complex on the south
shore of St. Croix is presently good. Average values for all water
quality parameters in this area are approximately equal to average
values observed in clean waters elsewhere. Levels of most parameters
also fall within the ranges observed elsewhere.
Those waters outside areas of municipal and industrial develop-
ment are generally clean. Quality of these waters is essentially
identical around all three islands. Temperature averaged 28.2°C
(82.8 p). Dissolved oxygen varied from 4.4 to 8.9 mg/1. The mean
dissolved oxygen level of 6.8 mg/1 was well within the 5.5 mg/1
required by the approved Federal-state Water Quality Standards.
In Trunk Bay, St. John—where the standards require maintenance of
natural conditions—the dissolved oxygen level was 6.5 mg/1. The
prevailing total and fecal coliform levels were below 0.5 organisms
per 100 ml. Nitrate and total nitrogen levels averaged 0.05 and
0.33 mg/1, respectively. Total phosphate averaged 0.07 mg/1 and
total organic carbon averaged 9.7 mg/1. Dissolved copper, cadmium,
chromium and lead levels were less than 100^/ig/l. .Zinc and aluminum
levels were approximately SOOyig/l. Mercury averaged only 0.23yug/l.
Average levels of copper, cadmium, zinc, chromium, lead and mercury
in bottom sediments were 13.5, 13.1, 20.0, 7.6, 38.4 and 0.022 rag/kg,
respectively (based on dry weight).
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APPENDIX A
Subchapter 186.
Authority:
Water Quality Standards for Coastal
Waters of the Virgin Islands
12 V.I.C. Section 186
Sections:
186-1 Minimum Required Conditions
186-2 Class A
186-3 Class B
186-U Class C
186-5 Anti-degradation
186-6 Analytical procedures
186-7 Applicability of standards
186-8 Natural waters
186-9 Legal limits
A-l
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Section 186-1 Minimum Required Conditions
(a) Free from substances attributable to municipal,
industrial or other discharges that will settle
to form putrescent or otherwise objectionable
sludge deposits.
(b) Free from floating debris, oil, scum and other
floating materials attributable to municipal,
industrial or other discharges.
(c) Free from materials attributable to municipal,
industrial or other discharges producing color,
turbidity, odor, taste (either of itself or in
the biota) or other conditions in such degree
as to interfere with any legitimate water uses.
(d) Free from substances attributable to municipal,
industrial or other discharges in concentrations
or combinations which are toxic or harmful to
human, animal, or aquatic life.
Section 186-2 Class A
(a) Best usage of waters: Preservation of Natural
Phenomena requiring special conditions, such as
the Natural Barrier Reef at Buck Island, St. Croix
and the Under Water Trail at Trunk Bay, St. John.
(b) Quality Criteria
Existing conditions shall not be changed.
Section 186-3 Class B
(a) Best usage of waters: For Propagation of Marine
Life and for Water Contact Recreation.
(b) Quality Criteria
(1) Dissolved oxygen: Not less than 5.5 mg/1.
(2) pH: No values below 7.0 nor above 8.5.
A-2
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(3) Temperature: Not to exceed 90 at any time
nor as a result of waste discharges to be
more than 4°F above natural during fall,
winter and spring nor 1.5°P above natural
during summer.
Bacteria: Fecal coliform density shall not
be greater than 70 per 100 milliliters as a
monthly median value by MF count.
Section 186-4 Class C
(a) Best usage of water: For Harbors and Docking
Facilities.
(b) Quality Criteria
The following criteria are applicable at any point
in the harbor except for areas immediately adjacent
to outfalls or drainage ditches. In such areas
recognition will be given to opportunities for the
admixture of waste effluent with harbor waters.
(1) Dissolved oxygen: Not less than 5.0 mg/1.
(2) pH: No value below 6.5 nor above 8.5.
(3) Temperature: Not to exceed 90°p at any time
nor as a result of waste discharges to be more
than U°F above natural during fall, winter,
and spring nor 1.5 F above natural during
summer.
(k) Bacteria: Pecal coliform shall not be greater
than 1,000 per 100 milliliters as a monthly
median value by MF count.
Section 186-5 Ant i-Degradation
Waters whose existing quality is better than the estab-
lished Standards as of the date on which such standards
become effective will be maintained at their existing
high quality. These and other waters of the Virgin
Islands will not be lowered in quality unless and until
it has been affirmatively demonstrated to the Territory's
water pollution control agency and the Department o£ the
A-3
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Interior that such change is justifiable as a result
of necessary economic or social development and will
not interfere with or become injurious to any assigned
uses made of, or presently possible in such waters.
Any industrial, public or private project or develop-
ment which would constitute a new source of pollution
or an increased source of pollution to high quality
waters will be required, as part of the initial project
design, to provide the highest and best practicable
degree of waste treatment available under existing
technology, and since these are also Federal standards,
these waste treatment requirements will be developed
cooperatively.
Section 186-6 Analytical Procedures
The analytical procedures used as methods of analysis
to determine the chemical, bacteriological, biological,
and radiological quality of water samples shall be in
accordance with the latest edition of "Standard Methods
for the Examination of Water and Wastewater" or other
methods approved by the Virgin Islands Department of
Health and the Federal Water Pollution Control Adminis-
tration.
Section 186-7 Applicability of Standards
The preceding criteria will be applicable to all Virgin
Islands coastal waters at all places and at all times.
Section 186-8 Natural Waters
Natural waters may, on occasion, have characteristics
outside of the limits prescribed by those criteria.
The criteria contained herein do not relate, to a viola-
tion of standards resulting from natural forces.
Section 186-9 Legal Limits
(a) Class "A" (Natural Phenomena)
(1) Within 0.5 miles of the boundaries of Buck
Island Natural Barrier Reef, St. Croix.
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(2) Trunk Bay, St. John.
(b) Class "B" (Marine Life and Water Contact Recreation)
(1) All other coastal waters not classified
Class "A" or Class "C".
(c) Class "C" (Harbors)
(1) St. Thomas
(A) St. Thomas Harbor beginning at Rupert
Rock and extending to Haulover Cut.
(B) Crown Bay enclosed by a line from Hassel
Island at Haulover Cut to Regis Point
at West Gregaria Channel.
(C) Krum Bay.
(2) St. Croix.
(A) Christiansted Harbor from Fort Louise
Augusta to Golden Rock.
(B) Frederiksted Harbor from La Grange to
Fisher Street.
A-5
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APPENDIX B
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER DISCHARGES IN THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
Municipality Population Treatment Flow, MGD Receiving Water
St. Thomas
Charlotte Amalie 2k,000 None
Lindbergh Bay 4,000 None
3.0 St. Thomas Harbor
0.4 Southwest Road
St. John
Cruz Bay
1,000 Primary 0.015 Cruz Bay Creek
St. Croix
Krause Lagoon 10,000 Primary 1.00
Frederiksted 5,000 None 0.50
Christiansted 10,000 None 1.00
South Shore
Prederiksted Harbor
Outside Christiansted
Harbor
B-l
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APPENDIX C
INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER DISCHARGES IN THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
Industry
St. Thomas
West Indies
Distilleries,
Ltd.
Waste
Characteristics
High BOD, sus-
pended solids.
Treatment
None, discharge
to municipal
s ewer .
Flow,
MGD
0.24
Receiving
Water
St. Thomas
Harbor
Virgin Is.
Power & Water
Auth.
High temp.
cooling water.
None.
37.5
Lindbergh Bay
St. Croix
Virgin Is.
Rum Indus-
tries
Hess Virgin
Is. Corp.
Martin-
Marietta
Corp.
Virgin Is.
Power & Water
Auth.
High BOD, sus-
pended solids,
High temp.,
oil.
High temp.,
high pH, sus-
pended solids.
High temp.
cooling water.
None. 0.10
API Separators,
screening equali-
zation for pro-
cess waters. No
treatment of
cooling water.
South Shore
2.0 South Shore
cooling
5.5
process
Settling ponds 20.0
for process
waste. No treat-
ment of cooling
water.
None 10.0
South Shore
Christiansted
Harbor
C-l
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APPENDIX D
DISCHARGES FROM PRIVATE RESORTS AND DEVELOPMENTS
Location Treatment Flow, GPP Receiving Water
St. Thomas
Bon Ami Secondary 25,000 Hull Bay
Pineapple Beach Secondary 45,000 Water Bay
Sapphire Bay Secondary 50,000 Marina Pond
Secret Harbor Secondary 25,000 Nazareth Bay
FAA Lindbergh Bay Secondary 10,000 Southwest Road
St. Croix
Wave-Cane Bay Secondary 1,500 Shore Waters
D-l
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APPENDIX E SURVEY OF THE U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS - NOVEMBER 3 TO 27, 1972
STATION
VI-1
VI-1
VI-2
VI-2
VI-3
VI-3
VI-*
VI-*
VI-*
VI-5
VI-5
VI-6
VI-6
VI-7
VI-7
VI-8
VI-8
VI-R
VI-9
VI-9
VI-9
Vl-10
VI-10
VI-10
VI-11
VI-11
VI-11
VI-12
Vl-12
VI-13
VI-13
VI-13
VI-1*
VI-1*
VI-15
VI-15
VI-16
VI-lt>
VI-17
VI-17
VI-10
vi-ia
VI-19
VI-19
VI-20
Vl-20
Vl-21
VI-21
Vl-22
VI-22
VI-23
REMARKS-
B = C(1LONY COUNT OUTSIDE ACCEPTABLE *ANGE,
M=NEGATIVE VALUE, N=NO DATA AVAILABLE
DATE
11-13-72
11-16-72
11-13-72
11-16-72
11-13-72
11-16-72
11-14-72
11-16-72
11-21-72
11-14-72
11-16-72
11-14-72
11-16-72
11-14-72
11-16-7?
11-14-72
11-16-72
11-21-72
11-14-72
11-16-72
11-21-72
11-14-72
11-16-72
11-21-72
11-14-72
11-16-72
11-21-72
11-14-72
11-16-72
11-14-72
11-16-72
11-21-72
11-14-72
11-17-72
11-14-72
11-17-72
11-14-72
11-17-72
11-14-72
11-17-72
11-14-72
11-17-72
11-14-72
11-17-72
11-14-72
11-17-72
11-14-72
11-17-72
11-14-72
11-17-72
1 1-14-72
T IM3
1430
1245
1434
1240
1433
1223
1224
1043
1216
1215
1445
1436
1127
1*34
1125
1*30
1118
1*24
1115
1*12
1*00
1135
1*50
1*30
1*16
1*10
1*06
1348
13*5
1210
1332
1155
1235
1130
DEPTH
FT
005
000
005
000
005
000
005
000
005
005
000
005
000
005
000
005
000
005
OO5
000
005
005
000
OO5
005
000
005
005
OOO
005
000
005
OO5
000
005
000
005
OOO
005
000
005
OOO
005
000
005
OOO
000
000
000
000
000
LAB
NO.
00008
25109
2519*
25110
25193
2511 1
25192
251*7
25191
25273
251*6
25190
251*5
25189
251*4
25201
251*3
25200
2527*
251*2
25199
?5275
251*1
25198
25277
25140
25197
25279
25139
25196
25138
25195
25231
25137
25225
25136
2522*
25135
25223
2513*
25222
25133
25221
25132
25220
25131
25219
25130
2521B
25129
25217
25128
WATER
TE"IP
CENT
00010
28.5
N
28.*
N
2«.4
N
27.6
N
N
27.9
N
27.8
M
27.8
N
27.7
N
,'4
27.6
N
M
27.5
N
M
27.6
N
" N '
27.6
N
27.8
N
M
27.8
N
27.9
N
27.8
N
28.2
N
28.2
N
28.1
N
28.6
N
N
N
N
N
N
DO
MG/L
00300
7.4
6.5
7.1
6.6
6.7
6.1
7.3
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.6
8.3
6.6
7.0
6.4
7.5
6.2
3.9
7.0
3.7
5.3
7.0
6.6
5.0
3.4
6.5
5.7
7.0
6.1
8.O
7.6
6.9
7.3
6.5
7.5
7.0
7.0
6.7
8.2
7.2
7.6
7.2
8.3
6.7
4.5
7.3
6.7
5.8
6.8
7.3
7.2
N03-N
MG/L
00620
N
0.05K
N
N
N
0.05K
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.05K
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.05K
N
N
N
- M
N
0.05K
N
N
N
N
N
N
M
N
0.05K
N
N
N
N
M
0.05K
N
N
N
0.05K
N
N
N
T KJL
N
MG/L
00625
N
0.71
N
N
N
0.73
N
N
N
M
N
N
N
N
0.65
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.70
N
N
N
N-
N
0.81
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.29
N
N
N
N
N
0.30
N
N
N
0.28
N
N
N
PHS-T
P-WET
MG/L
00665
N
0.05K
N
N
N
0.05K
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
o.oe
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.06
N
N
N
- N
N
0.05K
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.05K
N
N
N
N
N
0.05K
N
N
N
0.05K
N
N
N
T ORG
C
MG/L
00630
N
15.0
N
N
N
7.0
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
5.5
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
41.0
N
N
N
N
N
5.0
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
2.3
N
N
N
N
N
1.0
N
N
N
1.4
N
N
N
COLIF
MFFC
100ML
31616
10B
0
0
0
0
0
26
0
0
3
0
*
0
0
0
28
30
0
65
700
100
23
0
46
1200B
1
0
3
1
75
0
0
0
0
0
0
77
0
N
0
24
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
COLIF
MFTC
100HL
31501
100B
2
10B
2
0
1
450
0
0
250
0
880
0
36
0
390
43
0
800
3400
120
400
1
62
80000B
1
0
4-9
24
1600B
0
0
48
0
15
0
1600B
0
1100
0
1600B
0
2
1
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
C=CALCULATED VALUE, J=ESTIMATED VALUE, K=LESS THAN, L=GREATER THAN,
-------
APPENDIX E SURVEY OF THE U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS - NOVEMBER 3 TO 27t 1972
STATION
VI-23
VI-24
VI-24
VI-25
VI-25
VI-26
VI-26
VI-27
VI-27
VI-28
VI-28
VI-29
VI-29
VI-30
VI-30
VI-31
VI-31
VI-32
VI-32
VI-33
VI-33
VI-34
VI-34
VI-35
VI-36
VI-36
VI-37
VI-37
VI-38
VI-38
VI-39
VI-39
VI-40
VI-40
VI-41
VI-41
VI-42
VI-42
VI-43
VI-43
VI-44
VI-44
Vl-45
VI-45
VI-46
VI-46
VI-47
VI-47
VI-48
VI-4H
VI-49
DATE
11-17-72
11-14-72
11-17-72
11-14-72
11-17-72
11-14-72
11-17-72
11-14-72
11-17-72
11-17-72
11-17-72
11-14-72
11-17-72
11-14-72
11-17-72
11-14-72
11-17-72
11-14-72
11-17-72
11-14-72
11-17-72
11-14-72
11-17-72
11-14-72
11-14-72
11-17-72
11-14-72
11-17-72
11-14-72
11-17-72
11-13-72
11-16-72
11-13-72
11-16-72
11-13-72
11-16-72
11-13-72
11-16-72
11-13-72
11-16-72
11-13-72
11-16-72
11-13-72
11-16-72
11-13-72
11-16-72
11-13-72
H-16-72
11-13-72
11-16-72
11-16-72
TIME
1226
1120
1222
1110
1217
1100
1210
1055
1203
1156
1157
1045
1145
1042
1134
1040
1120
1035
1117
1030
1025
1020
1043
1015
0940
0932
0922
0920
0915
091!i
1335
1013
1350
1018
1356
1032
1402
1038
1405
1042
1407
1050
1413
1055
1428
1110
1510
1115
1450
1131
1152
DEPTH
FT
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
005
000
005
000
005
000
005
000
005
000
005
000
005
000
005
000
005
000
005
000
005
000
005
000
005
000
000
LAB
NO.
00008
25216
25127
25215
25126
25214
25125
25213
25124
25212
25210
25211
25123
25209
25122
25376
25121
25208
25120
25207
25119
25205
25118
25206
25117
25116
25204
25115
25203
25114
25202
25101
25177
25102
25178
25103
25179
25104
25180
25105
25181
25106
25182
25107
25183
25108
25184
25113
251P5
25112
25186
25187
HATER
TEMP
CENT
00010
M
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N -
N
N
N
N
N
N
28.5
N
28.5
N
28.2
28.6
28.5
28.5
28.7
28.6
28.4
28.9
28.4
29.0
28.4
28.7
29.1
28.3
28.6
N
N
DO
MG/L
00300
6.7
6.8
6.3
6.7
6.0
6.6
6.9
6.0
6.1
6.3
N
6.4
6.3
6.1
6.3
7. 1
5.9
6.5
6.3
6.5
5.1
6.7
5.6
5.9
6.2
6.1
6.2
5.6
6.6
6.0
7.4
6.7
7.0
6.2
7.3
5.7
7.4
6.0
8.2
6.4
7. 1
5.7
7. 1
6.9
7.3
6.5
8.5
6.8
7.5
7.2
5.8
N03-N
MG/L
00620
N
N
N,
M
N
N
N
N
0.05K
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.05K
N
N
N
N
N
0.12
- N -
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.05K
N
0.05K
N
0.05K
N
N
N
0.05K
N
N
N
0.05K
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
T KJL
N
MG/L
00625
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.45
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.31
N
N
N
N
N
0.23
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.51
N
0.61
N
0.64
N
N
N
0.69
N
N
N
0.63
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
PHS-T
P-WET
MG/L
00665
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.05K
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.05K
N
N
N
N
N
0.05K
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.05K
N
0.05K
N
0.06
N
N
N
0.05K
N
N
N
0.05K
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
T ORG
C
MG/L
00680
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
1.1
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
3.0
N
N
N
N
N
3.0
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
7.0
N
5.0
N
4.5
N
N
N
4.0
N
N
N
7.0
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
COLIF
MFFC
100ML
31616
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
o
0
0
1
9
1
200
33
100
1
14
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
COLIF
MFTC
100HL
31501
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
21
0
240
8
0
5
0
0
0
62
0
0
4
8
10
45
106
440
180
320
8
61
4B
1
0
7
0
1
0
2
0
-------
APPENDIX E SURVEY OF THE U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS - NOVEMBER 3 TO 27, 1972
STATION
VI-50
VI-50
VI-51
VI-51
VI-52
VI-52
VI-53
VI-53
VI-54
VI-54
VI-55
VI-55
VI-56
VI-57
VI-58
VI-59
VI-59
VI-60
VI-61
VI-61
VI-62
VI-62
VI-63
VI-63
VI-64
VI-64
VI-65
VI-65
VI-66
VI-66
VT-67
VI-67
VI-63
VI-63
Vl-69
VI-69
VI-70
VI-70
VI-71
VI- 71
VI-72
VI-72
VI-72A
VI-72A
VI-72B
VI-72B
VI-72C
VI-72C
VI-72D
VI-72D
VI-72E
DATE
11-14-72
11-16-72
11-15-72
11-18-72
11-15-72
11-18-72
11-15-72
11-18-72
11-15-72
11-18-72
11-15-72
11-18-72
11-15-72
11-15-72
11-15-72
11-15-72
11-18-72
I 1-15-72
11-15-72
11-18-72
11-15-72
11-18-72
11-15-72
11-18-72
11-15-72
11-18-72
11-15-72
11-18-72
11-15-72
11-18-72
11-15-72
11-18-72
11-15-72
11-18-72
11-15-72
11-18-72
11-15-72
11-18-72
11-15-72
11-18-72
11-15-72
11-18-72
11-15-72
11-18-72
11-15-72
11-18-72
11-15-72
11-18-72
11-15-72
11-18-72
11-15-72
TIME
1200
1126
0852
1125
0848
1120
084O
1124
0843
1523
1517
1509
1500
1*40
1236
1*39
1430
1231
1423
1225
1400
1145
1335
1310
1103
1302
1040
1258
1255
1018
1245
1012
1320
1117
1132
0901
1146
0919
1140
0911
1152
0927
1201
0938
1215
0947
1220
DEPTH
FT
005
OOO
000
OOO
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
OOO
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
LAB
NO.
00008
25148
25188
25152
25229
25151
25228
25149
25226
25150
25227
25176
25249
25175
25174
25173
25172
25248
25171
25170
25247
25169
25246
25168
25245
25167
25244
25165
25242
25164
25241
25163
25240
25162
25239
25161
25238
25166
25243
25153
25230
25155
25232
25154
25231
25156
25233
25157
25234
25158
25235
25159
WATER
TEMP
CENT
00010
28.5
N
N
27.8
N
28.1
N
28.0
N
28.0
N
29.5
N
M
N
N
29.2
N
N
28.8
N
28.6
N
28.4
N
28.9
N
28.4
N
28.0
N
28. 0
N
28.0
N
28.0
N
28.9
N
27.9
N
27.9
N
27.9
N
27.8
N
28.1
N
27.8
N
00
HG/L
00300
7.7
7.0
6.2
5.0
5.5
6.0
5.2
5.5
5.9
5.8
7.4
8.9
7.0
7.0
7.2
6.7
7.1
8.9
7.3
7.0
6.9
7.3
7.3
6.8
6.7
6.7
7.2
6.4
6.8
6.4
6.8
6.2
6.8
6.4
7.3
6.7
7.4
6.7
6.4
6.9
6.5
6.1
6.5
6.5
6.6
4.4
7.0
6.6
6.6
6.3
6.7
N03-N
HG/L
00620
N
N
N
0.05K
N
N
N
0.05K
N
N
N
0.05K
N
N
N
N
0.05K
N
N
H
N
0.05K
N
N
N
N
N
N
M
N
N
0.05K
N
N
N
N
N
0.05K
N
0.05K
N
N
N
N
N
0.05K
N
0.05K
N
N
N
T KJL
N
MG/L
00625
N
N
N
0.38
N
N
N
0.36
N
N
M
0.28
N
N
N
N
0.29
N
N
N
N
0.26
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.60
N
N
N
N
N
0.31
N
0.25
N
N
, N
N
N
0.29
N
0.35
N
N
N
PHS-T
P-HET
MG/L
00665
N
N
N
0.05K
N
N
N
0.05K
N
N
N
0.23
N
N
N
N
0.05K
N
N
N
N
0.05K
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.05K
N
N
N
N
N
0.05K
N
0.31
N
M
N
N
N
0.05K
N
0.05K
N
N
N
T ORG
C
MG/L
00680
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
5.8
N
N
N
N
24.0
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
24. O
N
N
N
8.1
N
1.3
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
1.7
N
24.0
N
N
N
COLIF
MFFC
100ML
31616
140
0
0
0
110
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
COLIF
MFTC
100HL
31501
6OOO
0
0
0
400
40
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
O
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
APPENDIX E SURVEY OF THE U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS - NOVEMBER 3 TO 27, 1972
STATION
VI-72E
VI-72F
VI-72F
VI-74
VI-74
VI-75
VI-75
VI-76
VI-76
VI-77
VI-77
VI-78
VI-78
VI-80
VI-80
VI-81
VI-81
VI-82
VI-82
VI-83
VI-83
VI-84
VI-84
VI-85
Vl-85
VI-86
VI-87
Vl-87
VI-89
VI-90
VI-9I
VI-92
VI-93
VI-93
VI-94
VI-94
VI-94
VI-94A
VI-95
VI-95
VI-96
VI-96
VI-97
VI-98
VI-99
VI-100
VI-100
VI-101
VI-101
VI-102
Vl-102
DATE
11-18-72
11-15-72
11-18-72
11-21-72
11-24-72
11-21-72
11-24-72
11-21-72
11-24-72
11-21-72
11-24-72
11-21-72
11-24-72
11-21-72
11-24-72
11-21-72
11-24-72
11-21-72
11-24-72
11-21-72
11-24-72
11-21-72
11-24-72
11-21-72
11-24-72
11-21-72
11-21-72
11-24-72
11-21-72
11-21-72
11-21-72
11-21-72
11-20-72
11-24-72
11-20-72
11-22-72
11-24-72
11-22-72
11-20-72
11-22-72
11-20-72
11-22-72
11-20-72
11-20-72
11-20-72
11-20-72
11-22-72
11-20-72
11-22-72
11-20-72
11-22-72
TIME
0954
1232
1003
1110
1145
1105
1135
1058
1133
1055
1130
1045
1120
1040
1110
1032
1100
1025
1055
1020
1050
1015
1045
1010
1035
09f>5
0947
1005
0935
0928
0924
0920
1145
0910
1155
1205
0855
1135
1150
1130
1145
1125
1122
1120
1100
1120
1052
1105
1038
1055
DEPTH
FT
000
000
000
000
005
000
005
000
005
000
005
000
005
000
005
000
005
000
005
000
005
000
005
000
005
000
000
005
000
000
000
000
000
005
000
005
005
005
000
005
000
005
000
000
000
000
005
000
005
000
005
LAB
NO.
00008
25236
25160
25237
25304
25365
25303
25364
25302
25363
25301
25362
25300
25361
25299
25360
25298
25359
25297
25358
25296
25357
25295
25356
25294
25355
25293
25292
25353
25291
25290
25289
25288
25273
25347
25272
25344
25346
25345
25271
25343
25270
25342
25269
25268
25267
25266
25338
25265
25337
25264
25336
MATER
TEMP
CENT
00010
28.0
N
28.0
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
. N _
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
DO
MG/L
00300
6.5
7.1
6.5
6.6
N
N
6.3
6.7
6.6
7.1
7.0
N
6.5
6.9
6.7
N
6.5
5.9
7.2
6.5
5.7
N
6.4
6.1
6.1
5.4
7.2
5.9
6.5
6.6
5.3
6.4
6.9
N
6.8
6.7
N
6.6
6.6
6.7
7.0
6.6
6.4
7.7
6.8
7.5
6.6
6.1
6.3
7.2
6.6
N03-N
MG/L
00620
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.05K
0.05K
N
0.05K
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.07
0.05K
0.05K
N
ft
N
N
N
0.05K
N
N
0.06
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
T KJL
N
MG/L
00625
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.23
0.16
N
0.23
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.48
0.23
0.60
N
N
N
N
N
0.53
N
N
0.23
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
PHS-T
P-HET
NG/L
00665
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.05K
0.05K
N
0.05K
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.05K
0.08
0.05K
N
N
N
N
N
0.06
N
N
0.05K
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
T ORG
C
MG/L
00630
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
ie.o
13.0
N
6.0
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
4.0
N
26.0
N
5.0
N
N
N
N
N
3.0
N
N
5.0
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
M
N
N
N
N
N
N
COLIF
HFFC
100ML
31616
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
17
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
5
0
0
0
0
0
N
0
0
0
0
0
N
0
2
N
1
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
32
0
0
0
4
COLIF
MFTC
100ML
31501
0
0
0
0
52
0
6
1
4
17
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
4
0
270
8
1
0
3
0
0
N
0
12
0
2
0
N
0
23
N
1
0
11
0
24
0
0
0
0
76
4
2
0
94
-------
APPENDIX E SURVEY OF THE U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS - NOVEMBER 3 TO 27, 1972
STATION
VI-103
VI-103
VI-104
VI-104
VI-105
VI-105
VI-106
VI-106
VI- 1074
VI-107A
VI-107A
VI-107R
VI-107K
VI-107B
VI-108
VI-103
VI-109
V1-109
V I-11O
VI-110
VI-1 U
VI-111
VI-1U
VI-112
VI-1 13
V1-113
VI-113
V1-114
VI-1 14
V1-114
VI-1 15
VI-115
VI-113
VI-116
VI-U6
VI-l16
VI-117
VI-117
VI-118
V1-118
VI-118
VI-119
VI-U9
VI-120
Vl-120
VI-121
V1-121
VI-122
VI-122
VI-123
VI-123
DATE
1 1-20-72
1 1-22-72
1 1-20-72
1 1-22-72
1 1-20-72
1 1-22-72
1 1-20-72
1 1-22-72
1 1-22-72
11-22-72
11-27-72
11-22-72
1 1-22-72
11-27-72
11-20-72
11-22-72
11-20-72
11-22-72
11-20-72
11-21-72
11-20-72
11-21-72
11-22-72
11-22-72
11-20-72
11-21-72
11-22-72
11-20-72
11-21-72
11-22-72
11-20-72
11-21-72
11-22-72
11-20-72
11-21-72
11-22-72
11-21-72
11-24-72
11-20-72
11-21-72
11-22-72
11-20- 72
11-22-72
11-21-72
11-24-72
11-21-72
11-24-72
11-21-72
11-24-72
11-21-72
11-24-72
TIKE
1030
1045
1001
1020
092b
1013
0926
1007
0000
0000
0921
0945
0925
0943
0920
1420
0915
143r>
0933
0920
0855
1400
0930
0900
1410
092ft
0850
1350
0918
0845
1345
0903
1235
0840
1340
0850
0830
0856
1221
1220
1215
1205
DEPTH
FT
000
005
OOO
005
OUU
005
000
005
000
000
005
000
000
005
000
005
000
005
000
000
OOU
000
005
005
000
000
005
000
000
005
000
000
005
000
000
005
000
005
000
000
005
000
005
000
O05
000
005
000
005
000
005
LAB
NO.
OOOO8
25263
25335
25262
25334
25261
25333
25260
25332
25282
25330
25377
25283
25331
25378
25259
25329
25258
25326
25257
25318
25?56
25319
25326
2'5339
25255
25316
25324
25254
25317
25325
25253
25315
2538b
25252
25314
25322
25312
25373
25251
25313
25320
25250
25387
2S31 1
25372
25310
25371
25309
25370
25308
25369
WATER
TEMK1
CENT
00010
N
N)
N
N
N
N
.M
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
iN
N
N
N
N
N
M
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
H
H
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
DO
MC/L
00300
6.4
6.4
6.7
6.6
6.4
6.3
7.0
6.3
N
N
M
N
N
N
6.1
6.0
6.4
6. 1
7.0
7.1
6.4
6.3
6.4
6.2
6.9
6.1
6.1
6.5
6.4
6.1
6.5
6.6
5.6
6.8
7.4
5.8
N
N
6.7
6.5
4.9
6.4
4.7
N
N
ft
N
N
N
7.1
M
M03-N
MG/L
00620
M
0.05K
N
M
N
N
M
M
M
N
0.05K
N
N
0.05K
N
N
N
N
N
N
M
N
M
M
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
:j
N
fj
0. 05K
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
M
N
M
T KJL
N
MG/L
00625
N
0.48
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.19
N
N
0.38
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.28
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
. N
N
N
N
N
PHS-T
P-WET
MG/L
00665
N
0.05K
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.05
N
N
0.06
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
M
N
N
N
N
0.05K
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
T ORG
C
MG/L
00680
N
23.0
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
26.0
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
COLIF
MFFC
100ML
31616
0
0
0
15
0
0
0
120B
0
0
N
1
1
N
0
26
0
120B
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
37
0
0
0
3
0
280
1
0
2
270
12
650
0
11
0
26
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
COLIF
HFTC
100ML
31501
1
2
0
46
0
240
0
160B
0
0
N
3
2
N
0
240
0
160B
0
0
1
0
9
12
47
0
56
0
0
58
13
0
800B
1
0
13
1500
560
1300
0
600
0
32
0
72
0
28
0
21
0
180
-------
APPENDIX F SURVEY OF THE U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS -
STATION
VI-124
VI-124
Vl-125
VI-125
VI-126
VI-126
VI-128
REMARKS-
B = CQLDfJY COUNT OUTSIDE ACCEPTABLE RANGE,
M=NEGATIVg VALUE, N=MO DATA AVAILABLE
DATE
11-21-72
11-24-72
11-21-72
11-24-72
11-21-72
11-24-72
11-27-72
TIME
1155
1230
1145
1215
1115
1200
DEPTH
FT
000
005
000
005
000
005
005
LAB
NO.
00008
25307
25368
25306
25367
25305
25366
25379
WATER
TEMP
CENT
00010
M
N
N
M
N)
M
N
DO
MG/L
00300
6.7
N
M
M
6.9
N
N
ND3-N
MG/L
00630
N
N
0.05K
N
N
N
0.05K
T KJL
N
MG/L
00625
N
N
0.13
N
N
N
0.13
PHS-T
P-WET
MG/L
00665
N
N
0.05K
N
N
N
0.05K
T ORG
C
MG/L
00680
N
N
27.0
N
N
N
N
COL IF
HFFC
100ML
31616
0
4
0
9
1
0
N
COL1F
MFTC
100ML
31501
O
12O
O
46O
1
26
N
C=CALCULATED VALUE, J=ESTIMATEU VALUE, K=LESS THAN, L=GREATER THAN,
-------
APPENDIX E SURVEY OF THE U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS - NOVEMBER 3 TO 27, 1972
STATION
VI-1
VI-1
VI-3
VI-3
VI-7
VI-10
VI-12
VI-16
VI-19
VI-21
VI-27
VI-31
VI-34
VI-39
VI-40
VI-41
VI-43
Vl-45
Vl-51
Vl-53
VI-55
VI-59
VI-62
VI-67
Vl-69
VI-70
Vl-71
VI-72R
VI-72C
VI-76
Vl-76
VI-77
VI-86
VI-87
VI-87
VI-93
Vl-94
Vl-103
VI-107A
VI-107B
Vl-116
VI-125
VI-128
VI-129G
VI-130G
VI-131G
VI-132G
VI-133G
VI-134G
REMAKKS-
B = CfiLDNY COUNT OUTSIDE ACCEPTABLE «ANGE,
M=N!ZGATIV; VALUEi N = HO DATA AVAILABLE
DATE
11-03-72
11-16-72
11-03-72
11-16-72
11-16-72
11-16-72
11-16-72
11-17-72
11-17-72
11-17-72
11-17-72
11-17-72
11-17-72
11-16-72
11-16-72
11-16-72
11-16-72
11-16-72
11-10-72
11-18-72
11-18-72
11-18-72
11-13-72
11-13-72
11-18-72
11-18-72
11-18-72
11-18-72
11-18-72
11-21-72
11-24-72
11-24-72
11-21-72
11-21-72
11-24-72
11-24-72
11-24-72
11-22-72
11-27-72
11-27-72
11-22-72
11-21-72
11-27-72
11-03-72
11-03-72
11-03-72
11-03-72
11-03-72
11-03-72
TIME
1245
1228
1445
1430
1412
1416
1348
1332
1203
1120
1043
1013
1018
1032
1042
1055
0852
0840
1236
1225
1012
1117
0901
0927
0938
1058
1133
1130
0955
0947
1005
0910
0855
1045
0903
1145
1200
1200
1200
DEPTH
FT
005
000
005
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
coo
000
000
000
000
005
005
000
000
005
005
005
005
005
005
005
000
005
005
005
005
005
005
005
LAB
NO.
00008
25829
25194
25828
25192
25201
25198
25196
25223
25220
25218
25212
25208
25206
25177
25178
25179
25181
25183
25229
25226
25249
25248
25246
25240
25238
25243
25230
25233
25234
25302
25363
25362
25293
25292
25353
25347
25346
25335
25377
25378
25322
25306
25379
25826
25827
25830
25831
25832
25833
CO
TOTAL
UG/L
01027
47
130
53
130
80
80
90
30
30
70
60
60
60
50
70
130
110
90
40
30
60
30
30
30
40
30
40
30
30
60
30
40
30
40
30
40
50
30
20K
30
50
40
20K
59
53
53
35
53
35
CR
TOTAL
UG/L
01034
10K
30K
10K
30K
30K
30K
30K
30K
30 K
30K
30K
30K
30K
30 K
30K
30K
30K
30K
30K
30K
30K
30K
30 K
30K
30K
30K
30K
30K
30K
30K
30K
30K
30K
30K
30K
30K
30K
30K
I OK
IOK
30K
30K
IOK
IOK
IOK
IOK
12
11
11
PB
TOTAL
UG/L
01051
100K
70K
100K
70
70
70
70K
70K
70K
70
70K
70
70K
70
80
80
70
70
70K
70K
70K
70K
70K
70K
70K
70K
70
70K
70K
70K
70K
70K
70K
70K
70K
70K
330
70K
100K
100K
70K
80
100K
100K
100K
100K
100K
100K
IOOK
ZN
TOTAL
UG/L
01092
410
130
240
250
210
180
190
340
170
150
850
140
370
240
220
180
610
190
460
80
400
400
380
320
150
350
120
240
280
140
80
90
80
80
150
140
240
110
120
430
110
70
420
220
210
480
220
410
210
AL
TOTAL
UG/L
01105
200
200K
300
200
200K
250
250
400
430
330
400
370
370
200K
200K
200K
200K
200K
520
320
320
520
250
400
320
430
370
400
320
520
430
430
320
320
590
320
430
370
150
300
320
560
300
240
240
280
240
280
260
CU
TOTAL
UG/L
01042
30
20
30
15
11
15
7
11
11
11
11
18
15
22
29
15
26
18
11
11
11
15
11
7
11
11
15
11
7
15
80
80
52
20
112
52
226
45
20
20
22
11
20
26
26
34
34
28
23
HG
TOTAL
UG/L
71900
0.25K
0.60
0.25K
1.60
0.70
0.20K
0.60
0.20K
0.20K
0.20K
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.90
0.60
0.60
0.70
0.70
0.20K
0.20K
0.20K
0.20K
0.20K
0.20K
0.20K
0.20K
0.20K
0.20K
0.20K
0.20
0.20K
0.20K
0.20K
0.20K
0.50
0.50
0.60
0.20K
0.20K
0.20K
0.20K
0.40
0.20K
0.25K
0.25K
0.25K
0.25K
0.25K
0.25K
C=CALCULATEO VALUE, J=ESTIMATED VALUE, K=LESS THAN, L=GREATER THAN,
-------
APPFMDIX E SURVEY OF THE U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS - NOVEMBER 3 TO 27, 1972
STATION
VI-10
VI-13
VI-21A
VI-21B
VI-21C
VI-210
VI-34
VI-86
VI-9L
VI-92
Vl-102
VI-107A
VI-107B
Vt-116
VI-131G
VI-132G
VI-133G
VI-134C,
REMARKS-
B=COLDNY COUNT OUTSIDE ACCEPTABLE RANGE,
M=NEGATIVe VALUE, N=NO DATA AVAILABLE
DATE
11-16-72
11-21-72
11-21-72
11-21-72
11-21-72
11-21-72
11-17-72
11-24-72
11-24-72
11-24-72
11-22-72
1 1-27-72
11-27-72
1 1-22-72
1 1-03-72
1 1-03-72
11-03-72
11-03-72
TIME DEPTH
FT
1431
1137
1044
1012
0940
0915
1056
0904
1200
1201
1201
1201
LAB
NO.
00008
25198
25384
25380
25381
25382
25383
25206
25354
25349
25348
25336
25335
25386
25322
25834
25835
25836
25837
Ft
SED.
MG/KG
01170
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
M
N
N
N
N
16800
2040
770
142
MN
SED.
MG/KG
01053
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
800
125K
125K
125K
SR
SEO.
MG/KG
01083
N
N
M
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
2300
4250
4000
2900
C=CALCULATE(J VALUE, J=ESTIMATED VALUEt K = LESS THAN, L=GREATER THAN,
-------
APPENDIX E SURVEY OF THE U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS - NOVEMBER 3 TO 27, 1972
STATION
VI-10
VI-13
VI-21A
VI-21B
VI-21C
VI-21D
VI-34
VI-86
VI-91
VI-92
VI-102
VI-107A
VI-107B
VI-116
VI-131G
VI-132G
VI-133G
VI-134G
REMARKS-
B=COLONY COUNT OUTSIDE ACCEPTABLE RANGE,
M=NEGATIVE VALUE, iN = NO CATA AVAILABLE
DATE
11-16-72
11-21-72
11-21-72
11-21-72
11-21-72
11-21-72
11-17-72
11-24-72
11-24-72
11-24-72
11-22-72
11-27-72
11-27-72
11-22-72
11-03-72
11-03-72
11-03-72
11-03-72
TIME
1431
1137
1044
1012
0940
0915
1056
0904
1200
1201
1201
1201
DEPTH LAB
FT NO.
00008
25198
25384
253BO
25381
25382
25383
25206
25354
25349
25348
25336
25385
25386
25322
25834
25835
25836
25837
SEO
MOIST
-URE
70320
59.1
N
23.4
31.7
25.7
28.7
60.4
37.4
47.6
42.0
26.7
24.3
lfl.6
26.3
63.3
71.7
72. 8
69.6
CO
SED.
MG/KG
01028
9.8
13.0
11.2
12.3
12.5
10.5
3.0
9.8
7.6
10.2
14.2
2.5
3.8
13.0
12.6
9.2
5.1
56.0
CR
SED.
MG/KG
01029
31.7
6.0
5.1
5.6
6.3
6.6
10. 4
7.9
26.5
12.0
9.2
7.0
8.3
10.2
19.0
8.8
1-5
9.2
PB
SED.
MG/KG
01052
352
31
35
35
36
41
61
45
50
54
37
32
33
38
180
71
19
63
ZN
SED.
MG/KG
01093
540.00
7.20
8.80
8.10
8.20
10.80
94.00
26.00
34.00
35.00
11.50
5.00
5.20
10.40
2OO.OO
13.90
1.32
60.00
AL
SED.
MG/KG
01108
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
12000.0
1360.0
8.4
6300.0
CU
SED.
MG/KG
01043
103.0
7.9
8.2
7.2
7.3
9.4
53.0
16.0
40.0
17.0
7.3
9.0
6.3
8.9
84.0
13.9
3.3
30.0
HG
SED.
MG/KG
71920
0.150
0.006
0.009
0.007
0.008
0.011
0.063
0.025
0.014
0.009
0.008
0.006
0.007
0.012
2.400
0.320
0.077
0.046
C=CALCULATED VALUE, J=ESTIMATED VALUE, K=LESS THAN, L=GREATER THAN,
-------
APPENDIX F
BACTERIOLOGICAL ASSAYS
Coliforms
Water samples collected for bacteriological examination were
held at ambient temperature during transit. The time lag between
sample collection and initiation of analysis averaged six hours.
Normal practices for sample storage include holding at refrigeration
temperatures (2-10°C). However, in order to eliminate possible
thermal shock and subsequent cell mortality, the samples were trans-
ported under ambient conditions which approximated the temperature of
the water samples. Water temperature during the study period averaged
28.3°C (82.9°F).
The Membrane Filter (MF) technique was used to assay total and
fecal coliform bacteria. m-Endo-MF and m-FC media were used to
enumerate total and fecal coliforms respectively. Coliform and
fecal coliform colonies from selected stations were subjected to bio-
chemical testing for verification. These included stations at
Charlotte Amalie Harbor (St. Thomas), Honeymoon Bay (St. Thomas),
Christiansted Harbor (St. Croix), Frederiksted (St. Croix), Prune Bay
(St. Croix), and Cruz Bay (St. John). Total coliform colonies appear-
ing on m-Endo medium exhibited the characteristic metallic sheen.
Eighty-seven percent of such colonies tested, confirmed biochemically
as coliform bacteria. Red, non-metallic sheen colonies did not confirm
as coliform group organisms. Fecal coliform colonies on m-FC medium
appeared as blue colonies with many containing crystal or granular
surfaces and edges. Eighty-three percent of the blue colored colonies
tested (including those with tan or brown centers) gave biochemical
reactions typical of fecal coliform bacteria. A number of non-blue
colonies were analyzed and these failed to provide typical biochemical
reactions for fecal coliforms. The confirmations substantiate the
fact that typical total coliforms and fecal coliforms, as indicated by
normal reactions on the respective media, were being assayed.
High densities of background organisms were encountered at sampling
stations in Christiansted Harbor, St. Croix and Charlotte Amalie,
St. Thomas. Predominant organisms proliferating on m-FC medium and
producing brownish colored colonies ranged in size from 0.5 mm to
1.5 mm. Dominant characteristics noted on the m-FC membranes were:
foaming produced at the peripheral portions of the membrane, production
of a slime layer and presence of a fruity odor. Biochemically, the
organisms were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Since these
colonies were present in large numbers on m-FC membranes, 'crowding1
effect and inhibition of fecal coliforms was evident. The degree of
inhibition occurring on the membrane is not known; however, considerable
F-l
-------
background still remained even at higher sample dilutions. It
was not possible to dilute out these organisms without falling
out of the effective statistical fecal coliform density range.
Several of the stations at St. Thomas exhibited similar back-
ground growth; however, fecal coliform colonies were absent on
the membranes. The complete absence of fecal coliforms on the
membranes and the presence of P_. aeruginosa poses an intriguing
situation—especially since P_. aeruginosa is a recognized human
pathogen and is associated with sewage and polluted water. In
addition, several grayish, translucent colonies, 0.5 mm - 1.0 mm
in size, were found on the membranes. These organisms were iden-
tified as Alcaligenes faecal is. The microorganisms are widely dis-
tributed in decomposing organic matter and are found in the intestine.
The above information indicates that die-off rates of fecal
coliform in these waters may be extremely rapid. Or, interference
and sensitivity levels of the MF fecal coliform test prevents ade-
quate recovery at low density levels. Further study is therefore
required to determine the following:
(A) Survival rates of fecal coliforms, P_. aeruginosa and
Salmonella in Virgin Islands waters, especially at Charlotte
Amalie Harbor, St. Thomas and Christiansted Harbor, St. Croix.
(B) The degree of inhibition or interference by Pseudomonas
organisms on the recovery of fecal coliforms by the MF
technique.
(C) The sensitivity levels required to detect low fecal coli-
form levels in these waters.
Salmonella
Two liters of sample water were filtered using diatomaceous
earth (Celite, Johns-Manville Co.). After filtration of the sample,
the Celite plug containing the trapped microorganisms was placed in
Selenite Cystine Broth. The above is repeated; however, the second
Celite plug is placed in Tetrathionate Broth containing Brilliant
Green Dye. After incubation of the enrichment broths for 24 hours
at 37°C, primary isolation media, (Brilliant Green Agar, Xylose
Lysine Brilliant Green Agar) were streaked with inocula obtained
from the enrichment broths. (This process was repeated at 48-hours
and 72-hours incubation of the enrichment broths.) Typical Salmonella
colonies were picked and agar slants of the pure culture were pre-
pared. After 24 hours incubation at 37 C, the agar slants were shipped
via air to the Edison, N.J. laboratory for identification. Upon
arrival at the Edison laboratory, the cultures were transferred into
fresh media and checked for purity. A Salmonella Fluorescent Antibody
F-2
-------
(FA) technique was used to screen the cultures. Difco Panvalent
conjugate, which includes strains of Salmonella and Arizona cul-
tures representing all known somatic and flagellar antigens in
the genus Salmonella was used. FA negative cultures were discarded.
FA positive cultures were then characterized biochemically. Sero-
logical tests were then used to determine Group and serotype iden-
tification.
Two liters of sample water were collected from stations 4, 8,
9, 10, 11 and 13 at Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas. Salmonellae were
not detected at stations U, 8, 10, 11 and 13. Salmonella enteritidis
ser. senftenberg was isolated from station 9, which is adjacent to
the municipal dump area at Charlotte Amalie.
F-3
-------
APPENDIX G
DETERMINATION OF METALS IN SEAWATER
Large amounts of sodium interfere with the detection and quanti-
fication of metals in seawater. In order to remove this interference,
a cleanup method based on a procedure described by 0. Karmie Galle
was employed for the seawater samples. Basically, the cleanup is
accomplished through the use of ion exchange columns.
I. Preparation of the Ion Exchange Columns:
(A) Pack 25 ml burrettes containing a wad of cotton with
an aqueous slurry of Dowex A-l chelating resin to obtain
ultimate resin heights of 12.5 cm in each column. Incor-
porate one (l) ml of a methyl orange solution, containing
0.125 g of the dye per liter of water in the slurry.
(B) Add 25 ml of 30% ammonium hydroxide through each column,
and drain to about 1 cm above the top of the resin bed.
\
(C) Wash distilled, deionized water through each column
until the eluate no longer turns red litmus paper to a blue
color.
(D) Add 20% ammonium chloride solution, containing 0.0125%
aqueous methyl orange solution, through each column until
eluate reaches pH 6-8. Generally 30-50 ml of the solution
is required for each column.
II. Sample Cleanup:
(A) Sample should have been preserved with 5 ml/1 lead-free
nitric acid. Consequently, 100.0 ml of each sample is treated
with several drops of 0.0125% aqueous methyl orange solution,
and 50% sodium hydroxide solution is added dropwise with stir-
ring until the pH reaches 6-8, as indicated by a pH meter.
(B) Each sample is added to an ion exchange column, as pre-
pared above, and is allowed to drain at a rate of 3.0 ml/min.
(C) When each solution has drained to within 1 cm above the
resin beds, 30 ml of 10% ammonium chloride are added and
passed through the column at a rate of 3.0 ml/min. All of
these eluates are discarded.
G-l
-------
(D) When each solution has drained to within 1 cm of the
top of the resin bed, 30 ml of 1 N hydrochloric acid solu-
tion is added to each column.
(E) The progress of the elution of the acid front is
followed by the color change of the methyl orange. When
the acid front has reached to about 1 inch above the bottoms
of the resin beds, 100 ml volumetric flasks are placed under
each column to collect the eluates.
(F) When the acid solutions have drained to within 1 cm of
the tops of the resin beds, 15 ml of Oi05 N hydrochloric
acid solution is added to each column and allowed to drain,
as above, into the volumetric flasks.
(G) Distilled, deionized water is then added to each column
and allowed to drain into the volumetric flasks until 100.0
ml of eluate are collected.
III. Atomic Absorption Determination of Metals:
The metallic contents of the solutions were determined
on a Perkin Elmer 403 atomic absorption spectrophotometer
using the manufacturer's prescribed methodology by direct
aspiration.
IV. Reference and Notes:
1. Galle, 0. Karmie, "The Determination of Trace Elements
By Atomic Absorption", J. Appl. Spec., Vol. 25, No. 6,
664-669 (1971).
2. May be obtained from J. T. Baker Chemical Co., Phillips-
burg, N.J.
3. In this method, sodium elutes prior to the addition of
the hydrochloric acid solutions, which then elute the
other metals.
G-2
-------
APPENDIX H
DETERMINATION OF METALS IN SEDIMENTS
1. Preweigh beaker.
2. Dry about 30-35 g of sample in a 4-00 ml beaker on steam bath.
3. Reweigh, and calculate % solids.
4. Add 20 ml of cone, nitric acid and 1 ml of hydrogen peroxide
and evaporate to dryness.
5. Ash in muffle furnace at 400-^25°C for 1 hour.
*
6. Let cool and add 25 ml of mixed acid.
7. Heat on steam bath for 15 minutes and let cool.
8. Filter. Wash filter several times with distilled water. Dilute
filtrate to 200 ml in a volumetric flask.
9. Determine each metal by atomic absorption spectroscopy by direct
aspiration.
10. Report data on a dry weight basis.
*Mixed acid: 200 ml cone, nitric acid.
50 ml cone, hydrochloric acid.
750 ml distilled water
^t.72 g Ca (N03)7.4 H20.
80 g NH^Cl.
H-l
------- |