WATER QUALITY IN THE VIRGIN ISLANDS ST. THOMAS Buck Island Frederiksted U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY REGION H SURVEILLANCE AND ANALYSIS DIVISION ------- WATER QUALITY in the VIRGIN ISLANDS May 1973 United States Environmental Protection Agency Region II Surveillance and Analysis Division Edison, New Jersey 08817 ------- SUMMARY 1. The municipal dump in St. Thomas causes severe violations of standards for floating solids, dissolved oxygen, and fecal coliform bacteria. 2. Waters adjacent to municipal-industrial complexes are in the early stages of degradation. Although not severe, bacterial contamination is widespread in Charlotte Amalie and Christiansted Harbors. Water quality adjacent to the industrial complex on the south shore of St. Croix is good. 3. Outside areas of municipal and industrial development, coastal waters of the U. S. Virgin Islands exhibit good quality. 4. At 67 of 138 sampling locations background organisms were encountered which may have interfered with fecal coliform analysis by the membrane filter procedure. Since fecal coliform levels are generally low and interference was observed at a large number of locations, it is possible that fecal coliform analysis by the membrane filter proce- dure may not be a completely reliable indicator of fecal contamination in Virgin Islands waters. However, much further study would be required to reach final conclusions regarding this matter. ------- CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Location 1 Climate 1 Economy 2 WATER USES Potable Water Supply 2 Recreational Uses 2 WASTE SOURCES Municipal Wastes 2 Industrial Wastes 3 Private Resorts and Developments 3 Vessel Wastes 3 Stormwater Runoff 3 1972 EPA SURVEY Sampling Locations , 3 Sampling Frequency 4 Water Quality Parameter Analyzed 4 Collection and Preservation Procedures b Analytical Interferences U PRESENT WATER QUALITY Waters Which Violate Water Quality Standards 5 Moderately Degraded Waters 5 Clean Waters ...... 6 APPENDICES A - Water Quality Standards for Coastal Waters of the Virgin Islands B - Municipal Wastewater Discharges in the Virgin Islands C - Industrial Wastewater Discharges in the Virgin Islands D - Discharges from Private Resorts & Developments E - Analytical Data for the Virgin Islands F - Bacteriological Assays G - Determination of Metals in Seawater H - Determination of Metals in Sediments ------- WATER QUALITY SURVEY — VIRGIN ISLANDS The United States Virgin Islands are located 1400 miles south- east of New York City and 1000 miles east of Miami, Florida. They include three main islands—St. Croix, St. Thomas and St. John, and approximately 50 smaller islands and cays (Figure 1). They are bounded on the north by the Atlantic Ocean and on the south by the Caribbean Sea. Puerto Rico lies 40 miles to the west and Tortola, British Virgin Islands, one mile to the east. St. Thomas (12 miles long, population 28,960) is a thriving com- mercial and tourist center. Its life revolves around Charlotte Amalie (population 12,220), its only major city and capital of the Virgin Islands. Charlotte Amalie has one of the finest natural har- bors of the Caribbean and is a popular port of call for both yachts- men and passenger liners. St. Croix (28 miles long, population 31,779) lies 40 miles to the south. Its major cities are •Christiansted (population 3,020) and Frederiksted (population 1,531). It too is a busy commercial and tourist center and is beginning to develop industrially. Three miles to the east of St. Thomas, lies St. John (9 miles long, population 1,729). Nearly three-quarters o£ its rugged mountains and most of its offshore waters have bee'n preserved as the Virgin Islands National Park. It is famous as a water wonderland of white sand beaches, crystal clear waters, and luxuriant coral gardens. Originally volcanic, the islands are now overlaid with limestone. All three islands have jagged, rocky shores interspersed with secluded bays and coral sand beaches. The surrounding waters are extremely clear; light easily penetrates to a depth of 100 feet. The offshore depths, which plunge nearly "^ miles to the ocean floor, are among the best sport fishing waters of the world. The tropical climate is unusually mild and pleasant. The tempera- ture seldom strays more than 5 degrees from the annual average of 78 F. Rainfall averages 44 inches per year, approximately equal to that received in the eastern United States. Nearly half the average rainfall is received in four months, August through November. Rain normally falls as short, intense showers. The combination of tropical climate, spectacular beaches and relaxed atmosphere have insured the Virgin Islands a reputation as a vacation paradise. ------- ST. THOMAS Frederilcited ST. CROIX ATLANTIC OCEAN VIRGIN ISLANDS kl \ I ^—"^ I CARIBBEAN SEA Cvntrol Am«ri< UNITED STATES VIRGIN ISLANDS Figure 1 ------- Tourism is the major industry. The over 700,000 tourists who visit the Virgin Islands each year contribute $65,000,000 to the local economy. But this popularity has also brought growing pains. Land values are soaring. Developments and subdivisions are springing up everywhere. The resident population which in 1950 was 26,665 has already passed 60,000 on its way to 200,000 by the year 2015. Even the immigration laws have had to be relaxed to provide skilled labor. In addition to the population increase, the Virgin Islands have also begun to expand industrially. Hess Virgin Islands Corporation has constructed a 120,000 barrel per day refinery on St. Croix. Just west of the refinery, Martin-Marietta Corporation operates a plant for converting bauxite into alumina. Water Uses Fresh potable water is a precious commodity in the Virgin Islands. The high evaporation, steep mountain slopes and small size of the islands prevent the formation of rivers and lakes. Little groundwater is available. Most fresh water is provided by entrapment of rainfall. For many years salt water has been used for fire protection and sani- tary purposes to reduce the fresh water demand. The fresh water supply is currently being supplemented by water from desalinization plants. On each island the nonurban population procures its water from individual catchment and distribution systems. Although fresh water is precious, the surrounding waters of the Caribbean and the Atlantic are even more vital to the island economy. They are the backbone of the predominant tourist industry. Should these waters become seriously degraded, the economy would be irrepara- bly damaged. The Virgin Islands Legislature recognized the value of these waters by enacting stringent Water Quality Standards. These standards are summarized in Appendix A. They define best water uses and quality criteria to be met. It should be noted that they include a classification for preservation of unusually valuable natural pheno- mena such as the Natural Barrier Reef at Buck Island, St. Croix and the Underwater Trail at Trunk Bay, Virgin Islands National Park, St. John. Waste Sources The coastal waters of the Virgin Islands receive discharges of raw and inadequately treated municipal wastes, storm water runoff, treated and untreated industrial wastes, and treated domestic wastes from private resorts and developments. These discharges are summar- ized in Figures 2 and 3 and Appendices B, C and D. Discharges of municipal waste are concentrated in Charlotte Amalie, Christiansted, and Frederiksted. Nearly 3.0 million gallons per day (MGD) of raw sewage is discharged into harbor waters of ------- WASTEWATER DISCHARGES ON ST. THOMAS & ST. JOHN SAVANA ISLAND LITTLE HANS IOLLIK ISLAND HANS LOLIIK ISLAND T MUNICIPAL DISCHARGES A INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGES O PRIVATE RESORTS AND DEVELOPMENTS Figure 2 ------- WASTEWATER DISCHARGES ON ST. CROIX Altona Lagoon CHRLSTIANSTED | MUNICIPAL DISCHARGES Jl INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGES o PRIVATE RESORTS AND DEVELOPMENTS Figure 3 ------- Charlotte Amalie. In Christransted 1.0 MGD of raw sewage is pumped outside the harbor beyond the barrier reef. However, the main interceptor sewer is overloaded and raw sewage is discharged to the inner harbor during peak flow periods or power failures. Raw sewage (0.5 MGD) from the Prederiksted system is discharged directly into the harbor through two outfalls. Another 1.0 MGD of primary effluent is discharged to the Caribbean along the south shore of St. Croix. Municipal discharges are summarized in Appendix B. Industrial wastes are concentrated mainly along the south shore of St. Croix. Virgin Island Rum Industries discharges 100,000 GPD of untreated beverage sediments 3,000 feet offshore in the Bettys Hope area. Martin-Marietta Alumina discharges 20 MGD of cooling water from its desalinization plant in the Krause Lagoon area. Also in the Krause Lagoon area, Hess Virgin Islands Corporation discharges 5.5 MGD of treated refinery waste and 2.2 MGD of cooling water. In Charlotte Amalie, West Indies Distilleries Limited discharges 240,000 gallons per day (GPD) of untreated waste to municipal sewers and thence to Crown Bay. The locations and nature of industrial discharges are summarized in Appendix C. In addition to fairly large and concentrated discharges of muni- cipal and industrial wastes, coastal waters of the Virgin Islands also receive numerous small discharges of domestic waste from private resorts and developments. These discharges are summarized in Appendix D. Most of these discharges receive secondary treatment. The patterns of recent development indicate that the number of dis- charges of this type will increase. Discharge of untreated sanitary wastes from vessels is a grow- ing problem in Frederiksted and Charlotte Amalie harbors. Each of these harbors are major ports of call for passenger liners and yachts- men. The recent tendency toward longer stays for passenger liners and increased use by private yachtsmen are expected to increase the significance of these discharges. The rapid development of real estate holdings has been accompanied by construction of storm water collection systems which periodically discharge nutrients, silt and bacteria. This problem is especially significant in Lindbergh Bay, St. Thomas. 1972 EPA Survey The Environmental Protection Agency conducted studies of the coastal waters of the Virgin Islands from November 3 to November 27, 1972. Water samples were collected at the surface or 5-foot depth at 138 stations around St. Thomas, St. Croix and St. John. Fifty- six of the stations were located around St. Thomas, 28 around ------- St. John and 54 around St. Croix. The locations of the sampling stations are shown in Figures 4 and 5. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, total coliform (membrane fil- ter), and fecal coliform (membrane filter) levels were determined twice at each station. At some stations located in major harbors these parameters were determined three times. Total organic carbon, Kjeldahl nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphate, copper, cadmium, zinc, aluminum, mercury, chromium and lead levels were determined once at 44 selected stations. Levels of metals in bottom sediments were also determined at 20 stations. The analytical results for all determinations are summarized in Appendix E. Temperature and dissolved oxygen were determined on site during sample collection. Oxygen was determined by the azide modification of the Winkler method. To expedite sample collection, the first two reagents of the Winkler procedure were added immediately in the field and titration was completed at the end of daily sampling activities. Bacterial samples were collected in sterile containers and shipped via aircraft to San Juan, Puerto Rico, where bacterial analyses were performed in EPA and Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board mobile laboratories. To avoid possible thermal shock and mortality to the bacteria, samples were not cooled following collec- tion. The elapsed time between collection and analysis of bacterial samples averaged 6 hours. Analyses for total organic carbon, nutrients, and metals were performed at EPA laboratories in Edison, N.J. Total organic carbon samples were preserved with 5 ml/1 HC17 nutrient samples with 5 ml/1 H2S04» and metals samples with 5 ml/1 lead-free HN03. Two analytical interferences were encountered during the sur- vey. At 67 of the 138 stations background organisms, notably Pseudomonas aeruglnosa, tended to proliferate on the bacteriological media and mask the fecal coliform analysis. There is a possibility that—if present—fecal coliform densities at these stations were underestimated. Since fecal coliform densities are generally low throughout the Virgin Islands and the masking effect was observed at a large number of stations, it may be possible that the fecal coli- £orm test using the membrane filter procedure may not be a completely reliable indicator of fecal contamination in Virgin Island waters. However, much further study would be required to determine the signi- ficance of the masking effect and ascertain the reliability of the procedure. The significance of the masking effect is discussed in detail in Appendix F. Also, the naturally high sodium levels inter- fered with metal analysis of water samples. This interference was overcome by passing the samples through ion exchange columns prior to final metals determination. The analytical methods employed for both fecal coliform and water metals analyses are summarized in Appendices F and G. Methods for analyses of metals in sediments are summarized in Appendix H. ------- SAMPLING STATIONS ON ST. THOMAS & ST. JOHN SAVANA ISLAND LITTLE HANS LOLLIK ISLAND HANS LOLLIK ISLAND Figure 4 ------- SAMPLING STATIONS ON ST. CROIX JL Altona Lagoon CHRISTIANSTED Figure 5 ------- Present Water Quality Waters of the Virgin Islands exhibit three levels of quality; severe degradation to levels which violate water quality standards; moderate contamination above background levels but below levels which would violate standards; and clean waters which exhibit no contamination. Severely degraded waters, shown as area Gl in Figure 4, include primarily those adjacent to the municipal dump in St. Thomas. Moderately contaminated waters, shown as areas Ml, M2, M3, M4 and M5 of Figures 4 and 5, include primarily those waters adjacent to areas of municipal-industrial development. The most seriously degraded waters are those adjacent to the municipal dump in the airport area of St. Thomas (stations 8, 9, 10 and 11). Water quality standards for floating solids, dissolved oxygen and fecal coliform bacteria were violated in this area. Despite the recent installation of a floating boom, these waters are severely contaminated with floating debris. Debris extends at least 50 feet beyond the boom and concentrates northwest of the landfill off the end of the airport runway. Dissolved oxygen stan- dards were violated at all four stations. Oxygen levels varied from 3.4- to 7.5 mg/1 and failed to meet standards in 5 of 12 samples. Fecal coliform levels at station 9 exceeded the median value of 70 organisms/100 ml required by the standards. Maximum fecal coliform densities of stations 8, 9, 10 and 11 were 30, 700, 46 and 1200 organisms/100 ml, respectively. Salmonella enteritidis ser. senften- berg, a human pathogenic bacterium associated with gastroenteritis, was isolated at station 9. Copper, 2inc, mercury, and lead levels of bottom sediments at the dump exceeded corresponding levels in back- ground sediments elsewhere. Bottom sediments at the dump also con- tained debris. Water quality in this area is summarized in Tables I and II. Water adjacent to municipal-industrial complexes are experiencing the early effects of degradation. Although the average levels of all parameters in these areas are essentially identical to average levels in clean waters, the maximum values are generally higher. Temperature averaged 28.3°C (82.9°F). Dissolved oxygen varied from 4.7 to 8.3 mg/1. Total and fecal coliform levels were generally below 0.5 organisms/100 ml but reached maximum values of 1500 and 650 organisms/100 ml, respectively. Nitrate and total nitrogen levels averaged 0.05 and 0.45 mg/1, respectively. Total phosphate averaged .05 mg/1 and total organic carbon averaged 9.7 mg/1. The degree of contamination in moderately degraded waters is best reflected by the bacterial data. Figures 6 and 7 show the actual total and fecal coliform values for Charlotte Amalie and Christiansted Harbors plotted in the approximate location of sampling. Fecal coli- form densities were above background levels in Christiansted Harbor ------- NORTH SHORE ST. THOMAS CLEAN WATER CHARLOTTE AMALIE HARBOR MODERATELY CONTAMINATED LEGEND Total Coliform/100 ml, 1st Sample, 2nd Sample, etc. Fecal Coliform/100 ml, 1st Sample, 2nd Sample, etc. iFigure 6 ------- TOTAL AND FECAL CONFORM LEVELS IN CHRISTIANSTED HARBOR CHRISTIANSTED HARBOR MODERATELY CONTAMINATED SOUTH SHORE ST. CROIX CLEAN WATER LEGEND Total Coliform/lOOml, 1st Sample, 2nd Sample, etc. Fecal Coliform/lOOml, lit Sample, 2nd Sample, etc. 0,3 Figure 7 ------- Table I Parameter and Value Water Quality Adjacent to Municipal Dump, St. Thomas, U. S. Virgin Islands November 14, 16, 21, 1972 Station Number 8 9 10 Dissolved Oxygen, mg/1 Fecal Coliform, MF/100 ml Total Coliform, MF/100 ml TOG, mg/1 TKN, mg/1 N03, mg/1 T-P, mg/1 Cu, /ig/1 Cd, /ig/1 Zn, /ig/1 Hg, /ig/1 Cr,/ig/l Pb,/ug/l 7.5, 6.2, 3.9 7.0.([377>(5.3) 30, 0, 28 ( 700. 100. 65) 43, 0, 390 3,400, 120, 800 7.0, 6.6, (5.0J 0, 46, 23 1, 62, 40 11 [3741 6.5, 5.7 1, 0, 1200 1, 0, 80,000 41 0.70 < .05 0.06 15 80 180 250 < .25 <30 70 Floating Solids (Floating solids were observed at all stations at all sampling times. Standards were continually violated). c J Water Quality Standards Violation Salmonella enteritidis ser. senftenberg, a human pathogenic bacterium associated with gastroenteritis, was isolated at Station 9. ------- Table II Metals Levels in Sediments Adjacent to Mun ic ipal Dump , Parameter and Value Cu, mg/kg Cd, mg/kg Zn, mg/kg Hg, mg/kg Cr, mg/kg Pb, mg/kg St. Thomas, U. * Mean Level Background 12.8 9.3 17.6 0.014 8.0 37.9 S. Virgin Islands Location * at Levels Adjacent to Stations Dump, Station 11 103 9.8 540 0.15 31.7 352.0 Based on dry weight ------- both inside and outside the reef (stations 118 and 117). General patterns of elevated bacterial levels were observed in both Charlotte Amalie and Christians ted Harbors. Fecal coliforms were often detected repetitively at the same location. In Charlotte Amalie fecal coliform densities varied from less than one to 220 organisms/100 ml. Slightly elevated fecal coliform densities were also observed in: Honeymoon Bay, St. Thomas; Cruz Bay, St. John and Prune Bay, St« Croix. Water quality adjacent to the industrial complex on the south shore of St. Croix is presently good. Average values for all water quality parameters in this area are approximately equal to average values observed in clean waters elsewhere. Levels of most parameters also fall within the ranges observed elsewhere. Those waters outside areas of municipal and industrial develop- ment are generally clean. Quality of these waters is essentially identical around all three islands. Temperature averaged 28.2°C (82.8 p). Dissolved oxygen varied from 4.4 to 8.9 mg/1. The mean dissolved oxygen level of 6.8 mg/1 was well within the 5.5 mg/1 required by the approved Federal-state Water Quality Standards. In Trunk Bay, St. John—where the standards require maintenance of natural conditions—the dissolved oxygen level was 6.5 mg/1. The prevailing total and fecal coliform levels were below 0.5 organisms per 100 ml. Nitrate and total nitrogen levels averaged 0.05 and 0.33 mg/1, respectively. Total phosphate averaged 0.07 mg/1 and total organic carbon averaged 9.7 mg/1. Dissolved copper, cadmium, chromium and lead levels were less than 100^/ig/l. .Zinc and aluminum levels were approximately SOOyig/l. Mercury averaged only 0.23yug/l. Average levels of copper, cadmium, zinc, chromium, lead and mercury in bottom sediments were 13.5, 13.1, 20.0, 7.6, 38.4 and 0.022 rag/kg, respectively (based on dry weight). ------- APPENDIX A Subchapter 186. Authority: Water Quality Standards for Coastal Waters of the Virgin Islands 12 V.I.C. Section 186 Sections: 186-1 Minimum Required Conditions 186-2 Class A 186-3 Class B 186-U Class C 186-5 Anti-degradation 186-6 Analytical procedures 186-7 Applicability of standards 186-8 Natural waters 186-9 Legal limits A-l ------- Section 186-1 Minimum Required Conditions (a) Free from substances attributable to municipal, industrial or other discharges that will settle to form putrescent or otherwise objectionable sludge deposits. (b) Free from floating debris, oil, scum and other floating materials attributable to municipal, industrial or other discharges. (c) Free from materials attributable to municipal, industrial or other discharges producing color, turbidity, odor, taste (either of itself or in the biota) or other conditions in such degree as to interfere with any legitimate water uses. (d) Free from substances attributable to municipal, industrial or other discharges in concentrations or combinations which are toxic or harmful to human, animal, or aquatic life. Section 186-2 Class A (a) Best usage of waters: Preservation of Natural Phenomena requiring special conditions, such as the Natural Barrier Reef at Buck Island, St. Croix and the Under Water Trail at Trunk Bay, St. John. (b) Quality Criteria Existing conditions shall not be changed. Section 186-3 Class B (a) Best usage of waters: For Propagation of Marine Life and for Water Contact Recreation. (b) Quality Criteria (1) Dissolved oxygen: Not less than 5.5 mg/1. (2) pH: No values below 7.0 nor above 8.5. A-2 ------- (3) Temperature: Not to exceed 90 at any time nor as a result of waste discharges to be more than 4°F above natural during fall, winter and spring nor 1.5°P above natural during summer. Bacteria: Fecal coliform density shall not be greater than 70 per 100 milliliters as a monthly median value by MF count. Section 186-4 Class C (a) Best usage of water: For Harbors and Docking Facilities. (b) Quality Criteria The following criteria are applicable at any point in the harbor except for areas immediately adjacent to outfalls or drainage ditches. In such areas recognition will be given to opportunities for the admixture of waste effluent with harbor waters. (1) Dissolved oxygen: Not less than 5.0 mg/1. (2) pH: No value below 6.5 nor above 8.5. (3) Temperature: Not to exceed 90°p at any time nor as a result of waste discharges to be more than U°F above natural during fall, winter, and spring nor 1.5 F above natural during summer. (k) Bacteria: Pecal coliform shall not be greater than 1,000 per 100 milliliters as a monthly median value by MF count. Section 186-5 Ant i-Degradation Waters whose existing quality is better than the estab- lished Standards as of the date on which such standards become effective will be maintained at their existing high quality. These and other waters of the Virgin Islands will not be lowered in quality unless and until it has been affirmatively demonstrated to the Territory's water pollution control agency and the Department o£ the A-3 ------- Interior that such change is justifiable as a result of necessary economic or social development and will not interfere with or become injurious to any assigned uses made of, or presently possible in such waters. Any industrial, public or private project or develop- ment which would constitute a new source of pollution or an increased source of pollution to high quality waters will be required, as part of the initial project design, to provide the highest and best practicable degree of waste treatment available under existing technology, and since these are also Federal standards, these waste treatment requirements will be developed cooperatively. Section 186-6 Analytical Procedures The analytical procedures used as methods of analysis to determine the chemical, bacteriological, biological, and radiological quality of water samples shall be in accordance with the latest edition of "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater" or other methods approved by the Virgin Islands Department of Health and the Federal Water Pollution Control Adminis- tration. Section 186-7 Applicability of Standards The preceding criteria will be applicable to all Virgin Islands coastal waters at all places and at all times. Section 186-8 Natural Waters Natural waters may, on occasion, have characteristics outside of the limits prescribed by those criteria. The criteria contained herein do not relate, to a viola- tion of standards resulting from natural forces. Section 186-9 Legal Limits (a) Class "A" (Natural Phenomena) (1) Within 0.5 miles of the boundaries of Buck Island Natural Barrier Reef, St. Croix. ------- (2) Trunk Bay, St. John. (b) Class "B" (Marine Life and Water Contact Recreation) (1) All other coastal waters not classified Class "A" or Class "C". (c) Class "C" (Harbors) (1) St. Thomas (A) St. Thomas Harbor beginning at Rupert Rock and extending to Haulover Cut. (B) Crown Bay enclosed by a line from Hassel Island at Haulover Cut to Regis Point at West Gregaria Channel. (C) Krum Bay. (2) St. Croix. (A) Christiansted Harbor from Fort Louise Augusta to Golden Rock. (B) Frederiksted Harbor from La Grange to Fisher Street. A-5 ------- APPENDIX B MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER DISCHARGES IN THE VIRGIN ISLANDS Municipality Population Treatment Flow, MGD Receiving Water St. Thomas Charlotte Amalie 2k,000 None Lindbergh Bay 4,000 None 3.0 St. Thomas Harbor 0.4 Southwest Road St. John Cruz Bay 1,000 Primary 0.015 Cruz Bay Creek St. Croix Krause Lagoon 10,000 Primary 1.00 Frederiksted 5,000 None 0.50 Christiansted 10,000 None 1.00 South Shore Prederiksted Harbor Outside Christiansted Harbor B-l ------- APPENDIX C INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER DISCHARGES IN THE VIRGIN ISLANDS Industry St. Thomas West Indies Distilleries, Ltd. Waste Characteristics High BOD, sus- pended solids. Treatment None, discharge to municipal s ewer . Flow, MGD 0.24 Receiving Water St. Thomas Harbor Virgin Is. Power & Water Auth. High temp. cooling water. None. 37.5 Lindbergh Bay St. Croix Virgin Is. Rum Indus- tries Hess Virgin Is. Corp. Martin- Marietta Corp. Virgin Is. Power & Water Auth. High BOD, sus- pended solids, High temp., oil. High temp., high pH, sus- pended solids. High temp. cooling water. None. 0.10 API Separators, screening equali- zation for pro- cess waters. No treatment of cooling water. South Shore 2.0 South Shore cooling 5.5 process Settling ponds 20.0 for process waste. No treat- ment of cooling water. None 10.0 South Shore Christiansted Harbor C-l ------- APPENDIX D DISCHARGES FROM PRIVATE RESORTS AND DEVELOPMENTS Location Treatment Flow, GPP Receiving Water St. Thomas Bon Ami Secondary 25,000 Hull Bay Pineapple Beach Secondary 45,000 Water Bay Sapphire Bay Secondary 50,000 Marina Pond Secret Harbor Secondary 25,000 Nazareth Bay FAA Lindbergh Bay Secondary 10,000 Southwest Road St. Croix Wave-Cane Bay Secondary 1,500 Shore Waters D-l ------- APPENDIX E SURVEY OF THE U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS - NOVEMBER 3 TO 27, 1972 STATION VI-1 VI-1 VI-2 VI-2 VI-3 VI-3 VI-* VI-* VI-* VI-5 VI-5 VI-6 VI-6 VI-7 VI-7 VI-8 VI-8 VI-R VI-9 VI-9 VI-9 Vl-10 VI-10 VI-10 VI-11 VI-11 VI-11 VI-12 Vl-12 VI-13 VI-13 VI-13 VI-1* VI-1* VI-15 VI-15 VI-16 VI-lt> VI-17 VI-17 VI-10 vi-ia VI-19 VI-19 VI-20 Vl-20 Vl-21 VI-21 Vl-22 VI-22 VI-23 REMARKS- B = C(1LONY COUNT OUTSIDE ACCEPTABLE *ANGE, M=NEGATIVE VALUE, N=NO DATA AVAILABLE DATE 11-13-72 11-16-72 11-13-72 11-16-72 11-13-72 11-16-72 11-14-72 11-16-72 11-21-72 11-14-72 11-16-72 11-14-72 11-16-72 11-14-72 11-16-7? 11-14-72 11-16-72 11-21-72 11-14-72 11-16-72 11-21-72 11-14-72 11-16-72 11-21-72 11-14-72 11-16-72 11-21-72 11-14-72 11-16-72 11-14-72 11-16-72 11-21-72 11-14-72 11-17-72 11-14-72 11-17-72 11-14-72 11-17-72 11-14-72 11-17-72 11-14-72 11-17-72 11-14-72 11-17-72 11-14-72 11-17-72 11-14-72 11-17-72 11-14-72 11-17-72 1 1-14-72 T IM3 1430 1245 1434 1240 1433 1223 1224 1043 1216 1215 1445 1436 1127 1*34 1125 1*30 1118 1*24 1115 1*12 1*00 1135 1*50 1*30 1*16 1*10 1*06 1348 13*5 1210 1332 1155 1235 1130 DEPTH FT 005 000 005 000 005 000 005 000 005 005 000 005 000 005 000 005 000 005 OO5 000 005 005 000 OO5 005 000 005 005 OOO 005 000 005 OO5 000 005 000 005 OOO 005 000 005 OOO 005 000 005 OOO 000 000 000 000 000 LAB NO. 00008 25109 2519* 25110 25193 2511 1 25192 251*7 25191 25273 251*6 25190 251*5 25189 251*4 25201 251*3 25200 2527* 251*2 25199 ?5275 251*1 25198 25277 25140 25197 25279 25139 25196 25138 25195 25231 25137 25225 25136 2522* 25135 25223 2513* 25222 25133 25221 25132 25220 25131 25219 25130 2521B 25129 25217 25128 WATER TE"IP CENT 00010 28.5 N 28.* N 2«.4 N 27.6 N N 27.9 N 27.8 M 27.8 N 27.7 N ,'4 27.6 N M 27.5 N M 27.6 N " N ' 27.6 N 27.8 N M 27.8 N 27.9 N 27.8 N 28.2 N 28.2 N 28.1 N 28.6 N N N N N N DO MG/L 00300 7.4 6.5 7.1 6.6 6.7 6.1 7.3 6.5 6.4 6.3 6.6 8.3 6.6 7.0 6.4 7.5 6.2 3.9 7.0 3.7 5.3 7.0 6.6 5.0 3.4 6.5 5.7 7.0 6.1 8.O 7.6 6.9 7.3 6.5 7.5 7.0 7.0 6.7 8.2 7.2 7.6 7.2 8.3 6.7 4.5 7.3 6.7 5.8 6.8 7.3 7.2 N03-N MG/L 00620 N 0.05K N N N 0.05K N N N N N N N N 0.05K N N N N N N N 0.05K N N N - M N 0.05K N N N N N N M N 0.05K N N N N M 0.05K N N N 0.05K N N N T KJL N MG/L 00625 N 0.71 N N N 0.73 N N N M N N N N 0.65 N N N N N N N 0.70 N N N N- N 0.81 N N N N N N N N 0.29 N N N N N 0.30 N N N 0.28 N N N PHS-T P-WET MG/L 00665 N 0.05K N N N 0.05K N N N N N N N N o.oe N N N N N N N 0.06 N N N - N N 0.05K N N N N N N N N 0.05K N N N N N 0.05K N N N 0.05K N N N T ORG C MG/L 00630 N 15.0 N N N 7.0 N N N N N N N N 5.5 N N N N N N N 41.0 N N N N N 5.0 N N N N N N N N 2.3 N N N N N 1.0 N N N 1.4 N N N COLIF MFFC 100ML 31616 10B 0 0 0 0 0 26 0 0 3 0 * 0 0 0 28 30 0 65 700 100 23 0 46 1200B 1 0 3 1 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 77 0 N 0 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 COLIF MFTC 100HL 31501 100B 2 10B 2 0 1 450 0 0 250 0 880 0 36 0 390 43 0 800 3400 120 400 1 62 80000B 1 0 4-9 24 1600B 0 0 48 0 15 0 1600B 0 1100 0 1600B 0 2 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 C=CALCULATED VALUE, J=ESTIMATED VALUE, K=LESS THAN, L=GREATER THAN, ------- APPENDIX E SURVEY OF THE U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS - NOVEMBER 3 TO 27t 1972 STATION VI-23 VI-24 VI-24 VI-25 VI-25 VI-26 VI-26 VI-27 VI-27 VI-28 VI-28 VI-29 VI-29 VI-30 VI-30 VI-31 VI-31 VI-32 VI-32 VI-33 VI-33 VI-34 VI-34 VI-35 VI-36 VI-36 VI-37 VI-37 VI-38 VI-38 VI-39 VI-39 VI-40 VI-40 VI-41 VI-41 VI-42 VI-42 VI-43 VI-43 VI-44 VI-44 Vl-45 VI-45 VI-46 VI-46 VI-47 VI-47 VI-48 VI-4H VI-49 DATE 11-17-72 11-14-72 11-17-72 11-14-72 11-17-72 11-14-72 11-17-72 11-14-72 11-17-72 11-17-72 11-17-72 11-14-72 11-17-72 11-14-72 11-17-72 11-14-72 11-17-72 11-14-72 11-17-72 11-14-72 11-17-72 11-14-72 11-17-72 11-14-72 11-14-72 11-17-72 11-14-72 11-17-72 11-14-72 11-17-72 11-13-72 11-16-72 11-13-72 11-16-72 11-13-72 11-16-72 11-13-72 11-16-72 11-13-72 11-16-72 11-13-72 11-16-72 11-13-72 11-16-72 11-13-72 11-16-72 11-13-72 H-16-72 11-13-72 11-16-72 11-16-72 TIME 1226 1120 1222 1110 1217 1100 1210 1055 1203 1156 1157 1045 1145 1042 1134 1040 1120 1035 1117 1030 1025 1020 1043 1015 0940 0932 0922 0920 0915 091!i 1335 1013 1350 1018 1356 1032 1402 1038 1405 1042 1407 1050 1413 1055 1428 1110 1510 1115 1450 1131 1152 DEPTH FT 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 005 000 005 000 005 000 005 000 005 000 005 000 005 000 005 000 005 000 005 000 005 000 005 000 005 000 000 LAB NO. 00008 25216 25127 25215 25126 25214 25125 25213 25124 25212 25210 25211 25123 25209 25122 25376 25121 25208 25120 25207 25119 25205 25118 25206 25117 25116 25204 25115 25203 25114 25202 25101 25177 25102 25178 25103 25179 25104 25180 25105 25181 25106 25182 25107 25183 25108 25184 25113 251P5 25112 25186 25187 HATER TEMP CENT 00010 M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N - N N N N N N 28.5 N 28.5 N 28.2 28.6 28.5 28.5 28.7 28.6 28.4 28.9 28.4 29.0 28.4 28.7 29.1 28.3 28.6 N N DO MG/L 00300 6.7 6.8 6.3 6.7 6.0 6.6 6.9 6.0 6.1 6.3 N 6.4 6.3 6.1 6.3 7. 1 5.9 6.5 6.3 6.5 5.1 6.7 5.6 5.9 6.2 6.1 6.2 5.6 6.6 6.0 7.4 6.7 7.0 6.2 7.3 5.7 7.4 6.0 8.2 6.4 7. 1 5.7 7. 1 6.9 7.3 6.5 8.5 6.8 7.5 7.2 5.8 N03-N MG/L 00620 N N N, M N N N N 0.05K N N N N N N N 0.05K N N N N N 0.12 - N - N N N N N N N 0.05K N 0.05K N 0.05K N N N 0.05K N N N 0.05K N N N N N N N T KJL N MG/L 00625 N N N N N N N N 0.45 N N N N N N N 0.31 N N N N N 0.23 N N N N N N N N 0.51 N 0.61 N 0.64 N N N 0.69 N N N 0.63 N N N N N N N PHS-T P-WET MG/L 00665 N N N N N N N N 0.05K N N N N N N N 0.05K N N N N N 0.05K N N N N N N N N 0.05K N 0.05K N 0.06 N N N 0.05K N N N 0.05K N N N N N N N T ORG C MG/L 00680 N N N N N N N N 1.1 N N N N N N N 3.0 N N N N N 3.0 N N N N N N N N 7.0 N 5.0 N 4.5 N N N 4.0 N N N 7.0 N N N N N N N COLIF MFFC 100ML 31616 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 o 0 0 1 9 1 200 33 100 1 14 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 COLIF MFTC 100HL 31501 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 21 0 240 8 0 5 0 0 0 62 0 0 4 8 10 45 106 440 180 320 8 61 4B 1 0 7 0 1 0 2 0 ------- APPENDIX E SURVEY OF THE U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS - NOVEMBER 3 TO 27, 1972 STATION VI-50 VI-50 VI-51 VI-51 VI-52 VI-52 VI-53 VI-53 VI-54 VI-54 VI-55 VI-55 VI-56 VI-57 VI-58 VI-59 VI-59 VI-60 VI-61 VI-61 VI-62 VI-62 VI-63 VI-63 VI-64 VI-64 VI-65 VI-65 VI-66 VI-66 VT-67 VI-67 VI-63 VI-63 Vl-69 VI-69 VI-70 VI-70 VI-71 VI- 71 VI-72 VI-72 VI-72A VI-72A VI-72B VI-72B VI-72C VI-72C VI-72D VI-72D VI-72E DATE 11-14-72 11-16-72 11-15-72 11-18-72 11-15-72 11-18-72 11-15-72 11-18-72 11-15-72 11-18-72 11-15-72 11-18-72 11-15-72 11-15-72 11-15-72 11-15-72 11-18-72 I 1-15-72 11-15-72 11-18-72 11-15-72 11-18-72 11-15-72 11-18-72 11-15-72 11-18-72 11-15-72 11-18-72 11-15-72 11-18-72 11-15-72 11-18-72 11-15-72 11-18-72 11-15-72 11-18-72 11-15-72 11-18-72 11-15-72 11-18-72 11-15-72 11-18-72 11-15-72 11-18-72 11-15-72 11-18-72 11-15-72 11-18-72 11-15-72 11-18-72 11-15-72 TIME 1200 1126 0852 1125 0848 1120 084O 1124 0843 1523 1517 1509 1500 1*40 1236 1*39 1430 1231 1423 1225 1400 1145 1335 1310 1103 1302 1040 1258 1255 1018 1245 1012 1320 1117 1132 0901 1146 0919 1140 0911 1152 0927 1201 0938 1215 0947 1220 DEPTH FT 005 OOO 000 OOO 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 OOO 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 LAB NO. 00008 25148 25188 25152 25229 25151 25228 25149 25226 25150 25227 25176 25249 25175 25174 25173 25172 25248 25171 25170 25247 25169 25246 25168 25245 25167 25244 25165 25242 25164 25241 25163 25240 25162 25239 25161 25238 25166 25243 25153 25230 25155 25232 25154 25231 25156 25233 25157 25234 25158 25235 25159 WATER TEMP CENT 00010 28.5 N N 27.8 N 28.1 N 28.0 N 28.0 N 29.5 N M N N 29.2 N N 28.8 N 28.6 N 28.4 N 28.9 N 28.4 N 28.0 N 28. 0 N 28.0 N 28.0 N 28.9 N 27.9 N 27.9 N 27.9 N 27.8 N 28.1 N 27.8 N 00 HG/L 00300 7.7 7.0 6.2 5.0 5.5 6.0 5.2 5.5 5.9 5.8 7.4 8.9 7.0 7.0 7.2 6.7 7.1 8.9 7.3 7.0 6.9 7.3 7.3 6.8 6.7 6.7 7.2 6.4 6.8 6.4 6.8 6.2 6.8 6.4 7.3 6.7 7.4 6.7 6.4 6.9 6.5 6.1 6.5 6.5 6.6 4.4 7.0 6.6 6.6 6.3 6.7 N03-N HG/L 00620 N N N 0.05K N N N 0.05K N N N 0.05K N N N N 0.05K N N H N 0.05K N N N N N N M N N 0.05K N N N N N 0.05K N 0.05K N N N N N 0.05K N 0.05K N N N T KJL N MG/L 00625 N N N 0.38 N N N 0.36 N N M 0.28 N N N N 0.29 N N N N 0.26 N N N N N N N N N 0.60 N N N N N 0.31 N 0.25 N N , N N N 0.29 N 0.35 N N N PHS-T P-HET MG/L 00665 N N N 0.05K N N N 0.05K N N N 0.23 N N N N 0.05K N N N N 0.05K N N N N N N N N N 0.05K N N N N N 0.05K N 0.31 N M N N N 0.05K N 0.05K N N N T ORG C MG/L 00680 N N N N N N N N N N N 5.8 N N N N 24.0 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N 24. O N N N 8.1 N 1.3 N N N N N N N 1.7 N 24.0 N N N COLIF MFFC 100ML 31616 140 0 0 0 110 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 COLIF MFTC 100HL 31501 6OOO 0 0 0 400 40 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------- APPENDIX E SURVEY OF THE U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS - NOVEMBER 3 TO 27, 1972 STATION VI-72E VI-72F VI-72F VI-74 VI-74 VI-75 VI-75 VI-76 VI-76 VI-77 VI-77 VI-78 VI-78 VI-80 VI-80 VI-81 VI-81 VI-82 VI-82 VI-83 VI-83 VI-84 VI-84 VI-85 Vl-85 VI-86 VI-87 Vl-87 VI-89 VI-90 VI-9I VI-92 VI-93 VI-93 VI-94 VI-94 VI-94 VI-94A VI-95 VI-95 VI-96 VI-96 VI-97 VI-98 VI-99 VI-100 VI-100 VI-101 VI-101 VI-102 Vl-102 DATE 11-18-72 11-15-72 11-18-72 11-21-72 11-24-72 11-21-72 11-24-72 11-21-72 11-24-72 11-21-72 11-24-72 11-21-72 11-24-72 11-21-72 11-24-72 11-21-72 11-24-72 11-21-72 11-24-72 11-21-72 11-24-72 11-21-72 11-24-72 11-21-72 11-24-72 11-21-72 11-21-72 11-24-72 11-21-72 11-21-72 11-21-72 11-21-72 11-20-72 11-24-72 11-20-72 11-22-72 11-24-72 11-22-72 11-20-72 11-22-72 11-20-72 11-22-72 11-20-72 11-20-72 11-20-72 11-20-72 11-22-72 11-20-72 11-22-72 11-20-72 11-22-72 TIME 0954 1232 1003 1110 1145 1105 1135 1058 1133 1055 1130 1045 1120 1040 1110 1032 1100 1025 1055 1020 1050 1015 1045 1010 1035 09f>5 0947 1005 0935 0928 0924 0920 1145 0910 1155 1205 0855 1135 1150 1130 1145 1125 1122 1120 1100 1120 1052 1105 1038 1055 DEPTH FT 000 000 000 000 005 000 005 000 005 000 005 000 005 000 005 000 005 000 005 000 005 000 005 000 005 000 000 005 000 000 000 000 000 005 000 005 005 005 000 005 000 005 000 000 000 000 005 000 005 000 005 LAB NO. 00008 25236 25160 25237 25304 25365 25303 25364 25302 25363 25301 25362 25300 25361 25299 25360 25298 25359 25297 25358 25296 25357 25295 25356 25294 25355 25293 25292 25353 25291 25290 25289 25288 25273 25347 25272 25344 25346 25345 25271 25343 25270 25342 25269 25268 25267 25266 25338 25265 25337 25264 25336 MATER TEMP CENT 00010 28.0 N 28.0 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N . N _ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N DO MG/L 00300 6.5 7.1 6.5 6.6 N N 6.3 6.7 6.6 7.1 7.0 N 6.5 6.9 6.7 N 6.5 5.9 7.2 6.5 5.7 N 6.4 6.1 6.1 5.4 7.2 5.9 6.5 6.6 5.3 6.4 6.9 N 6.8 6.7 N 6.6 6.6 6.7 7.0 6.6 6.4 7.7 6.8 7.5 6.6 6.1 6.3 7.2 6.6 N03-N MG/L 00620 N N N N N N N 0.05K 0.05K N 0.05K N N N N N N N N N N N N N N 0.07 0.05K 0.05K N ft N N N 0.05K N N 0.06 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N T KJL N MG/L 00625 N N N N N N N 0.23 0.16 N 0.23 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N 0.48 0.23 0.60 N N N N N 0.53 N N 0.23 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N PHS-T P-HET NG/L 00665 N N N N N N N 0.05K 0.05K N 0.05K N N N N N N N N N N N N N N 0.05K 0.08 0.05K N N N N N 0.06 N N 0.05K N N N N N N N N N N N N N N T ORG C MG/L 00630 N N N N N N N ie.o 13.0 N 6.0 N N N N N N N N N N N N 4.0 N 26.0 N 5.0 N N N N N 3.0 N N 5.0 N N N N N N N M N N N N N N COLIF HFFC 100ML 31616 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 0 0 0 0 0 N 0 0 0 0 0 N 0 2 N 1 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 32 0 0 0 4 COLIF MFTC 100ML 31501 0 0 0 0 52 0 6 1 4 17 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 4 0 270 8 1 0 3 0 0 N 0 12 0 2 0 N 0 23 N 1 0 11 0 24 0 0 0 0 76 4 2 0 94 ------- APPENDIX E SURVEY OF THE U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS - NOVEMBER 3 TO 27, 1972 STATION VI-103 VI-103 VI-104 VI-104 VI-105 VI-105 VI-106 VI-106 VI- 1074 VI-107A VI-107A VI-107R VI-107K VI-107B VI-108 VI-103 VI-109 V1-109 V I-11O VI-110 VI-1 U VI-111 VI-1U VI-112 VI-1 13 V1-113 VI-113 V1-114 VI-1 14 V1-114 VI-1 15 VI-115 VI-113 VI-116 VI-U6 VI-l16 VI-117 VI-117 VI-118 V1-118 VI-118 VI-119 VI-U9 VI-120 Vl-120 VI-121 V1-121 VI-122 VI-122 VI-123 VI-123 DATE 1 1-20-72 1 1-22-72 1 1-20-72 1 1-22-72 1 1-20-72 1 1-22-72 1 1-20-72 1 1-22-72 1 1-22-72 11-22-72 11-27-72 11-22-72 1 1-22-72 11-27-72 11-20-72 11-22-72 11-20-72 11-22-72 11-20-72 11-21-72 11-20-72 11-21-72 11-22-72 11-22-72 11-20-72 11-21-72 11-22-72 11-20-72 11-21-72 11-22-72 11-20-72 11-21-72 11-22-72 11-20-72 11-21-72 11-22-72 11-21-72 11-24-72 11-20-72 11-21-72 11-22-72 11-20- 72 11-22-72 11-21-72 11-24-72 11-21-72 11-24-72 11-21-72 11-24-72 11-21-72 11-24-72 TIKE 1030 1045 1001 1020 092b 1013 0926 1007 0000 0000 0921 0945 0925 0943 0920 1420 0915 143r> 0933 0920 0855 1400 0930 0900 1410 092ft 0850 1350 0918 0845 1345 0903 1235 0840 1340 0850 0830 0856 1221 1220 1215 1205 DEPTH FT 000 005 OOO 005 OUU 005 000 005 000 000 005 000 000 005 000 005 000 005 000 000 OOU 000 005 005 000 000 005 000 000 005 000 000 005 000 000 005 000 005 000 000 005 000 005 000 O05 000 005 000 005 000 005 LAB NO. OOOO8 25263 25335 25262 25334 25261 25333 25260 25332 25282 25330 25377 25283 25331 25378 25259 25329 25258 25326 25257 25318 25?56 25319 25326 2'5339 25255 25316 25324 25254 25317 25325 25253 25315 2538b 25252 25314 25322 25312 25373 25251 25313 25320 25250 25387 2S31 1 25372 25310 25371 25309 25370 25308 25369 WATER TEMK1 CENT 00010 N N) N N N N .M N N N N N N N N iN N N N N N M N N N N N N N N N H H N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N DO MC/L 00300 6.4 6.4 6.7 6.6 6.4 6.3 7.0 6.3 N N M N N N 6.1 6.0 6.4 6. 1 7.0 7.1 6.4 6.3 6.4 6.2 6.9 6.1 6.1 6.5 6.4 6.1 6.5 6.6 5.6 6.8 7.4 5.8 N N 6.7 6.5 4.9 6.4 4.7 N N ft N N N 7.1 M M03-N MG/L 00620 M 0.05K N M N N M M M N 0.05K N N 0.05K N N N N N N M N M M N N N N N N N N :j N fj 0. 05K N N N N N N N N N N N N M N M T KJL N MG/L 00625 N 0.48 N N N N N N N N 0.19 N N 0.38 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N 0.28 N N N N N N N N N N . N N N N N PHS-T P-WET MG/L 00665 N 0.05K N N N N N N N N 0.05 N N 0.06 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M N N N N 0.05K N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N T ORG C MG/L 00680 N 23.0 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N 26.0 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N COLIF MFFC 100ML 31616 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 120B 0 0 N 1 1 N 0 26 0 120B 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 37 0 0 0 3 0 280 1 0 2 270 12 650 0 11 0 26 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 COLIF HFTC 100ML 31501 1 2 0 46 0 240 0 160B 0 0 N 3 2 N 0 240 0 160B 0 0 1 0 9 12 47 0 56 0 0 58 13 0 800B 1 0 13 1500 560 1300 0 600 0 32 0 72 0 28 0 21 0 180 ------- APPENDIX F SURVEY OF THE U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS - STATION VI-124 VI-124 Vl-125 VI-125 VI-126 VI-126 VI-128 REMARKS- B = CQLDfJY COUNT OUTSIDE ACCEPTABLE RANGE, M=NEGATIVg VALUE, N=MO DATA AVAILABLE DATE 11-21-72 11-24-72 11-21-72 11-24-72 11-21-72 11-24-72 11-27-72 TIME 1155 1230 1145 1215 1115 1200 DEPTH FT 000 005 000 005 000 005 005 LAB NO. 00008 25307 25368 25306 25367 25305 25366 25379 WATER TEMP CENT 00010 M N N M N) M N DO MG/L 00300 6.7 N M M 6.9 N N ND3-N MG/L 00630 N N 0.05K N N N 0.05K T KJL N MG/L 00625 N N 0.13 N N N 0.13 PHS-T P-WET MG/L 00665 N N 0.05K N N N 0.05K T ORG C MG/L 00680 N N 27.0 N N N N COL IF HFFC 100ML 31616 0 4 0 9 1 0 N COL1F MFTC 100ML 31501 O 12O O 46O 1 26 N C=CALCULATED VALUE, J=ESTIMATEU VALUE, K=LESS THAN, L=GREATER THAN, ------- APPENDIX E SURVEY OF THE U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS - NOVEMBER 3 TO 27, 1972 STATION VI-1 VI-1 VI-3 VI-3 VI-7 VI-10 VI-12 VI-16 VI-19 VI-21 VI-27 VI-31 VI-34 VI-39 VI-40 VI-41 VI-43 Vl-45 Vl-51 Vl-53 VI-55 VI-59 VI-62 VI-67 Vl-69 VI-70 Vl-71 VI-72R VI-72C VI-76 Vl-76 VI-77 VI-86 VI-87 VI-87 VI-93 Vl-94 Vl-103 VI-107A VI-107B Vl-116 VI-125 VI-128 VI-129G VI-130G VI-131G VI-132G VI-133G VI-134G REMAKKS- B = CfiLDNY COUNT OUTSIDE ACCEPTABLE «ANGE, M=N!ZGATIV; VALUEi N = HO DATA AVAILABLE DATE 11-03-72 11-16-72 11-03-72 11-16-72 11-16-72 11-16-72 11-16-72 11-17-72 11-17-72 11-17-72 11-17-72 11-17-72 11-17-72 11-16-72 11-16-72 11-16-72 11-16-72 11-16-72 11-10-72 11-18-72 11-18-72 11-18-72 11-13-72 11-13-72 11-18-72 11-18-72 11-18-72 11-18-72 11-18-72 11-21-72 11-24-72 11-24-72 11-21-72 11-21-72 11-24-72 11-24-72 11-24-72 11-22-72 11-27-72 11-27-72 11-22-72 11-21-72 11-27-72 11-03-72 11-03-72 11-03-72 11-03-72 11-03-72 11-03-72 TIME 1245 1228 1445 1430 1412 1416 1348 1332 1203 1120 1043 1013 1018 1032 1042 1055 0852 0840 1236 1225 1012 1117 0901 0927 0938 1058 1133 1130 0955 0947 1005 0910 0855 1045 0903 1145 1200 1200 1200 DEPTH FT 005 000 005 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 coo 000 000 000 000 005 005 000 000 005 005 005 005 005 005 005 000 005 005 005 005 005 005 005 LAB NO. 00008 25829 25194 25828 25192 25201 25198 25196 25223 25220 25218 25212 25208 25206 25177 25178 25179 25181 25183 25229 25226 25249 25248 25246 25240 25238 25243 25230 25233 25234 25302 25363 25362 25293 25292 25353 25347 25346 25335 25377 25378 25322 25306 25379 25826 25827 25830 25831 25832 25833 CO TOTAL UG/L 01027 47 130 53 130 80 80 90 30 30 70 60 60 60 50 70 130 110 90 40 30 60 30 30 30 40 30 40 30 30 60 30 40 30 40 30 40 50 30 20K 30 50 40 20K 59 53 53 35 53 35 CR TOTAL UG/L 01034 10K 30K 10K 30K 30K 30K 30K 30K 30 K 30K 30K 30K 30K 30 K 30K 30K 30K 30K 30K 30K 30K 30K 30 K 30K 30K 30K 30K 30K 30K 30K 30K 30K 30K 30K 30K 30K 30K 30K I OK IOK 30K 30K IOK IOK IOK IOK 12 11 11 PB TOTAL UG/L 01051 100K 70K 100K 70 70 70 70K 70K 70K 70 70K 70 70K 70 80 80 70 70 70K 70K 70K 70K 70K 70K 70K 70K 70 70K 70K 70K 70K 70K 70K 70K 70K 70K 330 70K 100K 100K 70K 80 100K 100K 100K 100K 100K 100K IOOK ZN TOTAL UG/L 01092 410 130 240 250 210 180 190 340 170 150 850 140 370 240 220 180 610 190 460 80 400 400 380 320 150 350 120 240 280 140 80 90 80 80 150 140 240 110 120 430 110 70 420 220 210 480 220 410 210 AL TOTAL UG/L 01105 200 200K 300 200 200K 250 250 400 430 330 400 370 370 200K 200K 200K 200K 200K 520 320 320 520 250 400 320 430 370 400 320 520 430 430 320 320 590 320 430 370 150 300 320 560 300 240 240 280 240 280 260 CU TOTAL UG/L 01042 30 20 30 15 11 15 7 11 11 11 11 18 15 22 29 15 26 18 11 11 11 15 11 7 11 11 15 11 7 15 80 80 52 20 112 52 226 45 20 20 22 11 20 26 26 34 34 28 23 HG TOTAL UG/L 71900 0.25K 0.60 0.25K 1.60 0.70 0.20K 0.60 0.20K 0.20K 0.20K 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.90 0.60 0.60 0.70 0.70 0.20K 0.20K 0.20K 0.20K 0.20K 0.20K 0.20K 0.20K 0.20K 0.20K 0.20K 0.20 0.20K 0.20K 0.20K 0.20K 0.50 0.50 0.60 0.20K 0.20K 0.20K 0.20K 0.40 0.20K 0.25K 0.25K 0.25K 0.25K 0.25K 0.25K C=CALCULATEO VALUE, J=ESTIMATED VALUE, K=LESS THAN, L=GREATER THAN, ------- APPFMDIX E SURVEY OF THE U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS - NOVEMBER 3 TO 27, 1972 STATION VI-10 VI-13 VI-21A VI-21B VI-21C VI-210 VI-34 VI-86 VI-9L VI-92 Vl-102 VI-107A VI-107B Vt-116 VI-131G VI-132G VI-133G VI-134C, REMARKS- B=COLDNY COUNT OUTSIDE ACCEPTABLE RANGE, M=NEGATIVe VALUE, N=NO DATA AVAILABLE DATE 11-16-72 11-21-72 11-21-72 11-21-72 11-21-72 11-21-72 11-17-72 11-24-72 11-24-72 11-24-72 11-22-72 1 1-27-72 11-27-72 1 1-22-72 1 1-03-72 1 1-03-72 11-03-72 11-03-72 TIME DEPTH FT 1431 1137 1044 1012 0940 0915 1056 0904 1200 1201 1201 1201 LAB NO. 00008 25198 25384 25380 25381 25382 25383 25206 25354 25349 25348 25336 25335 25386 25322 25834 25835 25836 25837 Ft SED. MG/KG 01170 N N N N N N N N N M N N N N 16800 2040 770 142 MN SED. MG/KG 01053 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N 800 125K 125K 125K SR SEO. MG/KG 01083 N N M N N N N N N N N N N N 2300 4250 4000 2900 C=CALCULATE(J VALUE, J=ESTIMATED VALUEt K = LESS THAN, L=GREATER THAN, ------- APPENDIX E SURVEY OF THE U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS - NOVEMBER 3 TO 27, 1972 STATION VI-10 VI-13 VI-21A VI-21B VI-21C VI-21D VI-34 VI-86 VI-91 VI-92 VI-102 VI-107A VI-107B VI-116 VI-131G VI-132G VI-133G VI-134G REMARKS- B=COLONY COUNT OUTSIDE ACCEPTABLE RANGE, M=NEGATIVE VALUE, iN = NO CATA AVAILABLE DATE 11-16-72 11-21-72 11-21-72 11-21-72 11-21-72 11-21-72 11-17-72 11-24-72 11-24-72 11-24-72 11-22-72 11-27-72 11-27-72 11-22-72 11-03-72 11-03-72 11-03-72 11-03-72 TIME 1431 1137 1044 1012 0940 0915 1056 0904 1200 1201 1201 1201 DEPTH LAB FT NO. 00008 25198 25384 253BO 25381 25382 25383 25206 25354 25349 25348 25336 25385 25386 25322 25834 25835 25836 25837 SEO MOIST -URE 70320 59.1 N 23.4 31.7 25.7 28.7 60.4 37.4 47.6 42.0 26.7 24.3 lfl.6 26.3 63.3 71.7 72. 8 69.6 CO SED. MG/KG 01028 9.8 13.0 11.2 12.3 12.5 10.5 3.0 9.8 7.6 10.2 14.2 2.5 3.8 13.0 12.6 9.2 5.1 56.0 CR SED. MG/KG 01029 31.7 6.0 5.1 5.6 6.3 6.6 10. 4 7.9 26.5 12.0 9.2 7.0 8.3 10.2 19.0 8.8 1-5 9.2 PB SED. MG/KG 01052 352 31 35 35 36 41 61 45 50 54 37 32 33 38 180 71 19 63 ZN SED. MG/KG 01093 540.00 7.20 8.80 8.10 8.20 10.80 94.00 26.00 34.00 35.00 11.50 5.00 5.20 10.40 2OO.OO 13.90 1.32 60.00 AL SED. MG/KG 01108 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N 12000.0 1360.0 8.4 6300.0 CU SED. MG/KG 01043 103.0 7.9 8.2 7.2 7.3 9.4 53.0 16.0 40.0 17.0 7.3 9.0 6.3 8.9 84.0 13.9 3.3 30.0 HG SED. MG/KG 71920 0.150 0.006 0.009 0.007 0.008 0.011 0.063 0.025 0.014 0.009 0.008 0.006 0.007 0.012 2.400 0.320 0.077 0.046 C=CALCULATED VALUE, J=ESTIMATED VALUE, K=LESS THAN, L=GREATER THAN, ------- APPENDIX F BACTERIOLOGICAL ASSAYS Coliforms Water samples collected for bacteriological examination were held at ambient temperature during transit. The time lag between sample collection and initiation of analysis averaged six hours. Normal practices for sample storage include holding at refrigeration temperatures (2-10°C). However, in order to eliminate possible thermal shock and subsequent cell mortality, the samples were trans- ported under ambient conditions which approximated the temperature of the water samples. Water temperature during the study period averaged 28.3°C (82.9°F). The Membrane Filter (MF) technique was used to assay total and fecal coliform bacteria. m-Endo-MF and m-FC media were used to enumerate total and fecal coliforms respectively. Coliform and fecal coliform colonies from selected stations were subjected to bio- chemical testing for verification. These included stations at Charlotte Amalie Harbor (St. Thomas), Honeymoon Bay (St. Thomas), Christiansted Harbor (St. Croix), Frederiksted (St. Croix), Prune Bay (St. Croix), and Cruz Bay (St. John). Total coliform colonies appear- ing on m-Endo medium exhibited the characteristic metallic sheen. Eighty-seven percent of such colonies tested, confirmed biochemically as coliform bacteria. Red, non-metallic sheen colonies did not confirm as coliform group organisms. Fecal coliform colonies on m-FC medium appeared as blue colonies with many containing crystal or granular surfaces and edges. Eighty-three percent of the blue colored colonies tested (including those with tan or brown centers) gave biochemical reactions typical of fecal coliform bacteria. A number of non-blue colonies were analyzed and these failed to provide typical biochemical reactions for fecal coliforms. The confirmations substantiate the fact that typical total coliforms and fecal coliforms, as indicated by normal reactions on the respective media, were being assayed. High densities of background organisms were encountered at sampling stations in Christiansted Harbor, St. Croix and Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas. Predominant organisms proliferating on m-FC medium and producing brownish colored colonies ranged in size from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. Dominant characteristics noted on the m-FC membranes were: foaming produced at the peripheral portions of the membrane, production of a slime layer and presence of a fruity odor. Biochemically, the organisms were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Since these colonies were present in large numbers on m-FC membranes, 'crowding1 effect and inhibition of fecal coliforms was evident. The degree of inhibition occurring on the membrane is not known; however, considerable F-l ------- background still remained even at higher sample dilutions. It was not possible to dilute out these organisms without falling out of the effective statistical fecal coliform density range. Several of the stations at St. Thomas exhibited similar back- ground growth; however, fecal coliform colonies were absent on the membranes. The complete absence of fecal coliforms on the membranes and the presence of P_. aeruginosa poses an intriguing situation—especially since P_. aeruginosa is a recognized human pathogen and is associated with sewage and polluted water. In addition, several grayish, translucent colonies, 0.5 mm - 1.0 mm in size, were found on the membranes. These organisms were iden- tified as Alcaligenes faecal is. The microorganisms are widely dis- tributed in decomposing organic matter and are found in the intestine. The above information indicates that die-off rates of fecal coliform in these waters may be extremely rapid. Or, interference and sensitivity levels of the MF fecal coliform test prevents ade- quate recovery at low density levels. Further study is therefore required to determine the following: (A) Survival rates of fecal coliforms, P_. aeruginosa and Salmonella in Virgin Islands waters, especially at Charlotte Amalie Harbor, St. Thomas and Christiansted Harbor, St. Croix. (B) The degree of inhibition or interference by Pseudomonas organisms on the recovery of fecal coliforms by the MF technique. (C) The sensitivity levels required to detect low fecal coli- form levels in these waters. Salmonella Two liters of sample water were filtered using diatomaceous earth (Celite, Johns-Manville Co.). After filtration of the sample, the Celite plug containing the trapped microorganisms was placed in Selenite Cystine Broth. The above is repeated; however, the second Celite plug is placed in Tetrathionate Broth containing Brilliant Green Dye. After incubation of the enrichment broths for 24 hours at 37°C, primary isolation media, (Brilliant Green Agar, Xylose Lysine Brilliant Green Agar) were streaked with inocula obtained from the enrichment broths. (This process was repeated at 48-hours and 72-hours incubation of the enrichment broths.) Typical Salmonella colonies were picked and agar slants of the pure culture were pre- pared. After 24 hours incubation at 37 C, the agar slants were shipped via air to the Edison, N.J. laboratory for identification. Upon arrival at the Edison laboratory, the cultures were transferred into fresh media and checked for purity. A Salmonella Fluorescent Antibody F-2 ------- (FA) technique was used to screen the cultures. Difco Panvalent conjugate, which includes strains of Salmonella and Arizona cul- tures representing all known somatic and flagellar antigens in the genus Salmonella was used. FA negative cultures were discarded. FA positive cultures were then characterized biochemically. Sero- logical tests were then used to determine Group and serotype iden- tification. Two liters of sample water were collected from stations 4, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 13 at Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas. Salmonellae were not detected at stations U, 8, 10, 11 and 13. Salmonella enteritidis ser. senftenberg was isolated from station 9, which is adjacent to the municipal dump area at Charlotte Amalie. F-3 ------- APPENDIX G DETERMINATION OF METALS IN SEAWATER Large amounts of sodium interfere with the detection and quanti- fication of metals in seawater. In order to remove this interference, a cleanup method based on a procedure described by 0. Karmie Galle was employed for the seawater samples. Basically, the cleanup is accomplished through the use of ion exchange columns. I. Preparation of the Ion Exchange Columns: (A) Pack 25 ml burrettes containing a wad of cotton with an aqueous slurry of Dowex A-l chelating resin to obtain ultimate resin heights of 12.5 cm in each column. Incor- porate one (l) ml of a methyl orange solution, containing 0.125 g of the dye per liter of water in the slurry. (B) Add 25 ml of 30% ammonium hydroxide through each column, and drain to about 1 cm above the top of the resin bed. \ (C) Wash distilled, deionized water through each column until the eluate no longer turns red litmus paper to a blue color. (D) Add 20% ammonium chloride solution, containing 0.0125% aqueous methyl orange solution, through each column until eluate reaches pH 6-8. Generally 30-50 ml of the solution is required for each column. II. Sample Cleanup: (A) Sample should have been preserved with 5 ml/1 lead-free nitric acid. Consequently, 100.0 ml of each sample is treated with several drops of 0.0125% aqueous methyl orange solution, and 50% sodium hydroxide solution is added dropwise with stir- ring until the pH reaches 6-8, as indicated by a pH meter. (B) Each sample is added to an ion exchange column, as pre- pared above, and is allowed to drain at a rate of 3.0 ml/min. (C) When each solution has drained to within 1 cm above the resin beds, 30 ml of 10% ammonium chloride are added and passed through the column at a rate of 3.0 ml/min. All of these eluates are discarded. G-l ------- (D) When each solution has drained to within 1 cm of the top of the resin bed, 30 ml of 1 N hydrochloric acid solu- tion is added to each column. (E) The progress of the elution of the acid front is followed by the color change of the methyl orange. When the acid front has reached to about 1 inch above the bottoms of the resin beds, 100 ml volumetric flasks are placed under each column to collect the eluates. (F) When the acid solutions have drained to within 1 cm of the tops of the resin beds, 15 ml of Oi05 N hydrochloric acid solution is added to each column and allowed to drain, as above, into the volumetric flasks. (G) Distilled, deionized water is then added to each column and allowed to drain into the volumetric flasks until 100.0 ml of eluate are collected. III. Atomic Absorption Determination of Metals: The metallic contents of the solutions were determined on a Perkin Elmer 403 atomic absorption spectrophotometer using the manufacturer's prescribed methodology by direct aspiration. IV. Reference and Notes: 1. Galle, 0. Karmie, "The Determination of Trace Elements By Atomic Absorption", J. Appl. Spec., Vol. 25, No. 6, 664-669 (1971). 2. May be obtained from J. T. Baker Chemical Co., Phillips- burg, N.J. 3. In this method, sodium elutes prior to the addition of the hydrochloric acid solutions, which then elute the other metals. G-2 ------- APPENDIX H DETERMINATION OF METALS IN SEDIMENTS 1. Preweigh beaker. 2. Dry about 30-35 g of sample in a 4-00 ml beaker on steam bath. 3. Reweigh, and calculate % solids. 4. Add 20 ml of cone, nitric acid and 1 ml of hydrogen peroxide and evaporate to dryness. 5. Ash in muffle furnace at 400-^25°C for 1 hour. * 6. Let cool and add 25 ml of mixed acid. 7. Heat on steam bath for 15 minutes and let cool. 8. Filter. Wash filter several times with distilled water. Dilute filtrate to 200 ml in a volumetric flask. 9. Determine each metal by atomic absorption spectroscopy by direct aspiration. 10. Report data on a dry weight basis. *Mixed acid: 200 ml cone, nitric acid. 50 ml cone, hydrochloric acid. 750 ml distilled water ^t.72 g Ca (N03)7.4 H20. 80 g NH^Cl. H-l ------- |