PHASE 2 REPORT- REVIEW COPY
    FURTHER SITE CHARACTERIZATION AND ANALYSIS
VOLUME 2F-A HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
          FOR THE MID-HUDSON RIVER
     HUDSON RIVER PCBs REASSESSMENT RI/FS
                 DECEMBER 1999
                       For

          U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                     Region II
                       and
             U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
                 Kansas City District
                    Book 1 of 1
                TAMS Consultants, Inc.
                 Gradient Corporation

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                  UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                                       REGION 2
                                    29° BROADWAY
                                NEW YORK, NY 10007-1866
December 29,1999

To All Interested Parties:

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is pleased to release the baseline Human
Health Risk Assessment for the Mid-Hudson River (Mid-Hudson HHRA), which evaluates cancer
risk and non-cancer health hazards for adults, adolescents and children posed by PCBs in sediments
at the Hudson River PCBs Superfund site, in the absence of remediation. The Mid-Hudson HHRA
is a companion volume to USEPA's August 1999 baseline Human Health Risk Assessment for the
Upper Hudson River (Upper Hudson HHRA), which evaluated cancer risks and non-cancer health
hazards in the Upper Hudson River. The Mid-Hudson HHRA is posted on USEPA's website for the
Hudson River PCBs Reassessment Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (Reassessment RI/FS)
at www.epa.gov/hudson.

The Mid-Hudson HHRA is part of Phase 2 of the Reassessment RI/FS for the Hudson River PCBs
Superfund site. The Mid-Hudson HHRA, together with the August 1999 Upper Hudson HHRA, will
help  establish  acceptable exposure levels for use in developing remedial alternatives in the
Feasibility Study, which is Phase 3 of the Reassessment RI/FS.

USEPA will accept comments on the Mid-Hudson HHRA until January 28,2000. Comments should
be marked with the name of the report and should include the report section and page number for
each comment. Comments should be sent to:

                          Alison A. Hess, C.P.G.
                          USEPA Region 2
                          290 Broadway - 19th Floor
                          New York, NY  10007-1866
                          Attn: Mid-Hudson River HHRA Comments

USEPA will hold a Joint Liaison Group meeting to discuss the findings of the Mid-Hudson HHRA
on January 11,2000, at 7:30 p.m. at the Sheraton Hotel, 40 Civic Center Plaza, Poughkeepsie, New
York. The meeting is open to the general public.  Notification of the meeting was sent to Liaison
Group members, interested parties, and the press several weeks prior to the meeting.

During the public comment period, USEPA will  hold an availability session to answer questions
from the public regarding the Mid-Hudson HHRA. The availability session will be held from 6:30
to 8:30 p.m. on January  18, 2000 at Sheraton Hotel. 40 Civic Center JPouehkemitd Steir-alMc.
                            Internet Address (URL) • http://www.epa.gov
           Recycled/Recyclable • Printed with Vegetable OH Based Inks on Recycled Paper (Minimum 25% Postconsumer)

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   If you need additional information regarding the Mid-Hudson HHRA or the Reassessment RI/FS in
   general, please contact Ann Rychlenski, the Community Relations Coordinator for this site, at (2 1 2)
   637-3672.
   Sincerely yours,
 f Richard L. Caspe, Director
)(  Emergency and Remedial Response Division
0

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            PHASE 2 REPORT- REVIEW COPY
    FURTHER SITE CHARACTERIZATION AND ANALYSIS
VOLUME 2F-A HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
          FOR THE MID-HUDSON RIVER
     HUDSON RIVER PCBs REASSESSMENT RI/FS
                 DECEMBER 1999
                       For

          U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                     Region II
                       and
             U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
                 Kansas City District
                    Book 1 of 1
                TAMS Consultants, Inc.
                 Gradient Corporation

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Table of Contents

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                       PHASE 2 REPORT- REVIEW COPY
             FURTHER SITE CHARACTERIZATION AND ANALYSIS
              VOLUME 2F-A HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
                         FOR THE MID-HUDSON RIVER
                      HUDSON RIVER PCBs REASSESSMENT RI/FS

                                 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Book 1 of 1

ACRONYMS

Executive Summary	.ES-1

1 Overview of Mid-Hudson River Risk Assessment	1
       1.1 Introduction	1
       1.2 Site Background	1
       1.3 General Risk Assessment Process	2
       1.4 Discussion of 1991 Phase 1 Risk Assessment	2
       1.5 Objectives of Phase 2 Risk Assessment	3

2 Exposure Assessment	 5
      2.1 Exposure Pathways	5
            2.1.1 Potential Exposure Media	5
            2.1.2 Potential Receptors	6
            2.1.3 Potential Exposure Routes	6
      2.2 Quantification of Exposure	6
      2.3 Exposure Point Concentrations	7
            2.3.1 PCB Concentration in Fish	7
            2.3.2 PCB Concentration in Sediment	11
            2.3.3 PCB Concentration in River Water	11
      2.4 Chemical Intake Algorithms	12
            2.4.1 Ingestion of Fish	12
            2.4.2 Ingestion of Sediment	15
            2.4.3 Dermal Contact with Sediment	17
            2.4.4 Dermal Contact with River Water	19
            2.4.5 Ingestion of River Water	20

3 Toxicity Assessment	23
      3.1 Non-cancer Toxicity Values	23
      3.2 PCB Cancer Toxicity	23

4 Risk Characterization	25
      4.1 Non-cancer Hazard Indices	25
      4.2 Cancer Risks	26

References	29


                                       i                 TAMSy'Gradient Corporation

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                           PHASE 2 REPORT- REVIEW COPY
             FURTHER SITE CHARACTERIZATION AND ANALYSIS
              VOLUME 2F-A HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
                         FOR THE MID-HUDSON RIVER
                      HUDSON RIVER PCBs REASSESSMENT RI/FS

Book 1 of 1
                                    LIST OF TABLES

Table 2-1        Selection Of Exposure Pathways — Phase 2  Risk Assessment, Mid-Hudson
                River
Table 2-2        Occurrence, Distribution And Selection Of Chemicals Of Potential Concern,
                Mid-Hudson River - Fish
Table 2-3        Occurrence, Distribution And Selection Of Chemicals Of Potential Concern,
                Mid-Hudson River - Sediment
Table 2-4        Occurrence, Distribution And Selection Of Chemicals Of Potential Concern,
                Mid-Hudson River - River Water
Table 2-5        Summary of 1991 New York Angler Survey, Fish Consumption by Species
                Reported
Table 2-6        Mid-Hudson River Perch and Bass
Table 2-7        Species-Group Intake Percentages
Table 2-8        Medium-Specific Modeled EPC Summary, Mid-Hudson River Fish
Table 2-9        Medium-Specific Modeled EPC Summary, Mid-Hudson River Sediment
Table 2-10       Medium-Specific Modeled EPC Summary, Mid-Hudson River Water
Table 2-11       County-to-County In-Migration Data for Albany County, NY
Table 2-12       County-to-County In-Migration Data for Columbia County, NY
Table 2-13       County-to-County In-Migration Data for Dutchess County, NY
Table 2-14       County-to-County In-Migration Data for Greene County, NY
Table 2-15       County-to-County In-Migration Data for Rensselaer County, NY
Table 2-16       County-to-County In-Migration Data for Ulster County, NY
Table 2-17       County-to-County In-Migration Data for the Mid-Hudson River Region
Table 2-18       Computation of 1-Year Move Probabilities for the Mid-Hudson Region
Table 2-19       Values Used For Daily Intake Calculations, Mid-Hudson River Fish - Adult
                Angler
Table 2-20       Values Used  For Daily Intake  Calculations, Mid-Hudson River Sediment  -
                Adult Recreator
Table 2-21       Values Used  For Daily Intake  Calculations, Mid-Hudson River Sediment  -
                Adolescent Recreator
Table 2-22       Values Used  For Daily Intake  Calculations, Mid-Hudson River Sediment  -
                Child Recreator
Table 2-23       Values Used For Daily Intake Calculations, Mid-Hudson River Water  - Adult
                Recreator
                                                          TAMS/Gradient Corporation

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                        PHASE 2 REPORT- REVIEW COPY
              FURTHER SITE CHARACTERIZATION AND ANALYSIS
               VOLUME 2F-A HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
                          FOR THE MID-HUDSON RIVER
                   HUDSON RIVER PCBs REASSESSMENT RI/FS

                                 LIST OF TABLES
 Book 1 of 1

 Table 2-24

 Table 2-25

 Table 2-26

 Table 2-27

 Table 2-28


 Table 3-1
 Table 3-2

 Table4-l-RME

 Table4-l-CT

 Table 4-2-RME

 Table 4-2-CT

 Table 4-3-RME

 Table 4-3-CT

 Table 4-4-RME

 Table 4-4-CT

Table 4-5-RME

Table 4-5-CT
Values Used  For Daily  Intake Calculations,  Mid-Hudson  River Water  -
Adolescent Recreator
Values Used For Daily Intake Calculations, Mid-Hudson River Water - Child
Recreator
Values Used For Daily Intake Calculations, Mid-Hudson River Water - Adult
Resident
Values Used  For Daily  Intake Calculations,  Mid-Hudson  River Water  -
Adolescent Resident
Values Used For Daily Intake Calculations, Mid-Hudson River Water - Child
Resident

Non-Cancer Toxicity Data - Oral/Dermal, Mid-Hudson River
Cancer Toxicity Data - Oral/Dermal, Mid-Hudson River

Calculation of Non-Cancer Hazards, Reasonable Maximum Exposure Mid-
Hudson River  Fish - Adult Angler
Calculation of Non-Cancer Hazards, Central Tendency Exposure Mid-Hudson
River Fish - Adult Angler
Calculation of Non-Cancer Hazards, Reasonable Maximum Exposure Mid-
Hudson River  Sediment - Adult Recreator
Calculation of Non-Cancer Hazards, Central Tendency Exposure Mid-Hudson
River Sediment - Adult Recreator
Calculation of Non-Cancer Hazards, Reasonable Maximum Exposure Mid-
Hudson River Sediment - Adolescent Recreator
Calculation of Non-Cancer Hazards, Central Tendency Exposure Mid-Hudson
River Sediment - Adolescent Recreator
Calculation of Non-Cancer Hazards, Reasonable Maximum Exposure Mid-
Hudson River Sediment - Child Recreator
Calculation of Non-Cancer Hazards, Central Tendency Exposure Mid-Hudson
River Sediment - Child Recreator
Calculation of Non-Cancer Hazards, Reasonable Maximum Exposure Mid-
Hudson River Water - Adult Recreator
Calculation of Non-Cancer Hazards, Central Tendency Exposure Mid-Hudson
River Water - Adult Recreator
                                       in
                                          TAMS/Gradient Corporation

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                       PHASE 2 REPORT- REVIEW COPY
             FURTHER SITE CHARACTERIZATION AND ANALYSIS
              VOLUME 2F-A HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
                         FOR THE MID-HUDSON RIVER
                  HUDSON RIVER PCBs REASSESSMENT RI/FS

                                LIST OF TABLES
Book 1 of 1

Table 4-6-RME  Calculation of Non-Cancer Hazards, Reasonable Maximum Exposure Mid-
               Hudson River Water - Adolescent Recreator
Table 4-6-CT    Calculation of Non-Cancer Hazards, Central Tendency Exposure Mid-Hudson
               River Water - Adolescent Recreator
Table 4-7-RME  Calculation of Non-Cancer Hazards, Reasonable Maximum Exposure Mid-
               Hudson River Water - Child Recreator
Table 4-7-CT    Calculation of Non-Cancer Hazards, Central Tendency Exposure Mid-Hudson
               River Water - Child Recreator
Table 4-8-RME  Calculation of Non-Cancer Hazards, Reasonable Maximum Exposure Mid-
               Hudson River Water - Adult Resident
Table 4-8-CT    Calculation of Non-Cancer Hazards, Central Tendency Exposure Mid-Hudson
               River Water - Adult Resident
Table 4-9-RME  Calculation of Non-Cancer Hazards, Reasonable Maximum Exposure Mid-
               Hudson River Water - Adolescent Resident
Table 4-9-CT    Calculation of Non-Cancer Hazards, Central Tendency Exposure Mid-Hudson
               River Water - Adolescent Resident
Table4-10-RME Calculation of Non-Cancer Hazards, Reasonable Maximum Exposure Mid-
               Hudson River Water - Child Resident
Table 4-10-CT   Calculation of Non-Cancer Hazards, Central Tendency Exposure Mid-Hudson
               River Water - Child Resident
Table 4-11-RME Calculation of Cancer Risks, Reasonable  Maximum Exposure Mid-Hudson
               River Fish - Adult Angler
Table 4-11-CT   Calculation of Cancer Risks, Central Tendency Exposure Mid-Hudson River
               Fish - Adult Angler
Table 4-12-RME Calculation of Cancer Risks, Reasonable  Maximum Exposure Mid-Hudson
               River Sediment - Adult Recreator
Table 4-12-CT   Calculation of Cancer Risks, Central Tendency Exposure Mid-Hudson River
               Sediment - Adult Recreator
Table4-13-RME Calculation of Cancer Risks, Reasonable  Maximum Exposure Mid-Hudson
               River Sediment - Adolescent Recreator
Table4-13-CT   Calculation of Cancer Risks, Central Tendency Exposure Mid-Hudson River
               Sediment - Adolescent Recreator
Table 4-14-RME Calculation of Cancer Risks, Reasonable  Maximum Exposure Mid-Hudson
               River Sediment - Child Recreator
                                        iv                 TAMS/Gradient Corporation

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                        PHASE 2 REPORT- REVIEW COPY
              FURTHER SITE CHARACTERIZATION AND ANALYSIS
               VOLUME 2F-A HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
                         FOR THE MID-HUDSON RIVER
                  HUDSON RIVER PCBs REASSESSMENT RI/FS

                                LIST OF TABLES
Book 1 of 1

Table4-14-CT   Calculation of Cancer Risks, Central Tendency Exposure Mid-Hudson River
                Sediment - Child Recreator
Table4-15-RME Calculation of Cancer Risks,  Reasonable Maximum Exposure Mid-Hudson
                River Water - Adult Recreator
Table4-15-CT   Calculation of Cancer Risks, Central Tendency Exposure Mid-Hudson River
                Water - Adult Recreator
Table4-16-RME Calculation of Cancer Risks,  Reasonable Maximum Exposure Mid-Hudson
                River Water - Adolescent Recreator
Table 4-16-CT   Calculation of Cancer Risks, Central Tendency Exposure Mid-Hudson River
                Water - Adolescent Recreator
Table4-17-RME Calculation of Cancer Risks,  Reasonable Maximum Exposure Mid-Hudson
                River Water - Child Recreator
Table 4-17-CT   Calculation of Cancer Risks, Central Tendency Exposure Mid-Hudson River
                Water - Child Recreator
Table 4-18-RME Calculation of Cancer Risks,  Reasonable Maximum Exposure Mid-Hudson
                River Water - Adult Resident
Table 4-18-CT   Calculation of Cancer Risks, Central Tendency Exposure Mid-Hudson River
                Water - Adult Resident
Table4-19-RME Calculation of Cancer Risks,  Reasonable Maximum Exposure Mid-Hudson
                River Water - Adolescent Resident
Table4-19-CT   Calculation of Cancer Risks, Central Tendency Exposure Mid-Hudson River
                Water - Adolescent Resident
Table 4-20-RME Calculation of Cancer Risks,  Reasonable Maximum Exposure Mid-Hudson
                RiVer Water - Child Resident
Table 4-20-CT   Calculation of Cancer Risks, Central Tendency Exposure Mid-Hudson River
                Water - Child Resident
Table 4-21-RME Summary of Receptor Risks and Hazards for COPCs, Reasonable Maximum
                Exposure Mid-Hudson River - Adult Angler
Table 4-21-CT   Summary of  Receptor Risks  and  Hazards  for COPCs, Central Tendency
                Exposure Mid-Hudson River - Adult Angler
Table 4-22-RME Summary of Receptor Risks and Hazards for COPCs, Reasonable Maximum
                Exposure Mid-Hudson River - Adult Recreator
Table 4-22-CT   Summary of  Receptor Risks  and  Hazards  for COPCs, Central Tendency
                Exposure Mid-Hudson River - Adult Recreator
                                                          TAMS/Gradient Corporation

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                       PHASE 2 REPORT- REVIEW COPY
             FURTHER SITE CHARACTERIZATION AND ANALYSIS
              VOLUME 2F-A HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
                         FOR THE MID-HUDSON RIVER
                  HUDSON RIVER PCBs REASSESSMENT RI/FS

                               LIST OF TABLES
Book 1 of 1

Table 4-23-RME Summary of Receptor Risks and Hazards for COPCs, Reasonable Maximum
               Exposure Mid-Hudson River - Adolescent Recreator
Table 4-23-CT   Summary of Receptor Risks  and Hazards for COPCs,  Central  Tendency
               Exposure Mid-Hudson River - Adolescent Recreator
Table 4-24-RME Summary of Receptor Risks and Hazards for COPCs, Reasonable Maximum
               Exposure Mid-Hudson River - Child Recreator
Table 4-24-CT   Summary of Receptor Risks  and Hazards for COPCs,  Central  Tendency
               Exposure Mid-Hudson River - Child Recreator
Table 4-25-RME Summary of Receptor Risks and Hazards for COPCs, Reasonable Maximum
               Exposure Mid-Hudson River - Adult Resident
Table 4-25-CT   Summary of Receptor Risks  and Hazards for COPCs,  Central  Tendency
               Exposure Mid-Hudson River - Adult Resident
Table 4-26-RME Summary of Receptor Risks and Hazards for COPCs, Reasonable Maximum
               Exposure Mid-Hudson River - Adolescent Resident
Table 4-26-CT   Summary of Receptor Risks  and Hazards for COPCs,  Central  Tendency
               Exposure Mid-Hudson River - Adolescent Resident
Table 4-27-RME Summary of Receptor Risks and Hazards for COPCs, Reasonable Maximum
               Exposure Mid-Hudson River - Child Resident
Table 4-27-CT   Summary of Receptor Risks  and Hazards for COPCs,  Central  Tendency
               Exposure Mid-Hudson River - Child Resident

                                   LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2-1    Average PCB Concentration in Brown Bullhead
Figure 2-2    Average PCB Concentration in Yellow Perch
Figure 2-3    Average PCB Concentration in Largemouth Bass
Figure 2-4    Average PCB Concentration in Striped Bass
Figure 2-5    Average PCB Concentration in White Perch
Figure 2-6    Average PCB Concentration by Species (averaged over location)
Figure 2-7    Average Total PCB Concentration in Sediment
Figure 2-8    Average Total PCB Concentration in River Water

                               LIST OF PLATES

Plate 1       Mid-Hudson River Study Area
                                       vi                TAMS/Gradient Corporation

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ACRONYMS
 ATSDR
 GDI
 CERCLA
 CSF
 EPC
 GE
 HI
 HHRA
 HHRASOW
 HQ
 NCP
 NPL
 NYSDEC
 NYSDOH
 PCB
 RfD
 RI
 RI/FS
 ROD
 RM
 RI/FS
 SARA
 TCDD
 TEF
 TSCA
 UCL
 USEPA
Agency for Toxic Substances and Desease Registry
Chronic Daily Intake
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
Carcinogenic Slope Factor
Exposure Point Concentration
General Electric
Hazard Index
Human Health Risk Assessment
Human Helath Risk Assessment Scope of Work
Hazard Quotient
National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan
National Priorities List
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
New York State Department of Health
Poly chlorinated Biphenyl
References Dose
Remedial Investigation
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study
Record of Decision
River Mile
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
Toxicity Equivalency Factor
Toxic Substances Control Act
Upper Confidence Limit
United States Environmental Protection Agency
                                                                 TAMS/Gradient

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Executive Summary

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           Human Health Risk Assessment: Mid-Hudson River
                              Executive Summary
                                 December 1999

       This document presents the baseline Human Health Risk Assessment for the Mid-Hudson
River (Mid-Hudson HHRA), which is a companion volume to the baseline Human Health Risk
Assessment for the Upper Hudson River that was released by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) in August 1999.  Together, the two risk assessments comprise the human
health risk assessment for Phase 2 of the Reassessment Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study
(Reassessment RI/FS) for the Hudson River PCBs site in New York.

       The Mid-Hudson HHRA quantitatively evaluates both cancer risks and non-cancer health
hazards from exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls  (PCBs) in the Mid-Hudson River,  which
extends from  the  Federal  Dam at Troy,  New  York (River Mile  154) to just  south  of
Poughkeepsie,  New York (River Mile 63). The Mid-Hudson HHRA evaluates both current and
future risks to children, adolescents,  and adults in  the absence of any remedial action and
institutional controls, such as the fish consumption  advisories  currently in  place. The
Mid-Hudson HHRA uses the most recent  USEPA policy and guidance as well as additional site
data and analyses to update USEPA's 1991 risk assessment.

       USEPA uses risk assessment as a tool to evaluate the likelihood and degree of chemical
exposure and the possible adverse health effects associated with such exposure. The basic steps
of the Superfund human health risk assessment process are the following: 1) Data Collection and
Analysis, to determine the nature and extent  of chemical contamination in environmental media,
such as sediment, water, and fish; 2) Exposure Assessment, which is an identification of possible
exposed populations and an estimation of human chemical intake through exposure routes such
as ingestion, inhalation, or  skin contact; 3) Toxicity Assessment,  which is  an  evaluation  of
chemical toxicity including cancer and non-cancer health effects from exposure to chemicals; and
4) Risk Characterization, which describes the  likelihood and degree of chemical  exposure at a
site, the possible adverse health effects associated with  such  exposure, the  quantification  of
cancer risks and non-cancer health hazards, and a discussion of the uncertainties associated with
the risk assessment.

      The Mid-Hudson HHRA shows that cancer risks and non-cancer health hazards  to the
reasonably maximally exposed  (RME) individual associated with ingestion of PCBs in fish from
the Mid-Hudson River are above levels of concern.  Consistent with USEPA regulations, the risk
managers in the Superfund program evaluate the cancer risks  and non-cancer hazards to the RME
individual in the decision-making process. The Mid-Hudson HHRA indicates that fish ingestion
represents the primary pathway for PCB exposure and for potential adverse health effects, and
that cancer  risks and non-cancer health hazards from other exposure pathways are significantly
below levels of concern. The results of the Mid-Hudson HHRA will help establish acceptable
                                        ES-1                 TAMS/Gradient Corporation

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exposure levels for use in developing remedial alternatives for PCB-contaminated sediments in
the Upper Hudson River, which is Phase 3 (Feasibility Study) of the Reassessment RI/FS.

Data Collection and Analysis

       USEPA previously released reports on the nature and extent of contamination in the
Hudson River as  part of the  Reassessment RI/FS (e.g., February 1997 Data Evaluation and
Interpretation Report, July 1998 Low Resolution Sediment Coring Report, August 1998 Database
for the Hudson River PCBs Reassessment RI/FS [Release 4.1], and May 1999 Baseline Modeling
Report) and on human health risks for the Upper Hudson River (e.g., August 1999 Volume 2F -
Human Health Risk Assessment for the Upper Hudson River). The Ecological Risk Assessment
for Future Risks in the Lower Hudson River (Federal Dam at Troy, New York to the Battery in
New York City), which is being issued by USEPA concurrently with this report, provided the
forecasted concentrations of PCBs in  fish, sediments, and river water used to conduct the
Mid-Hudson HHRA.

Exposure Assessment

       Adults, adolescents, and children were identified  as populations possibly exposed  to
PCBs in the Mid-Hudson River due  to fishing and  recreational activities (e.g., swimming,
wading),  as well as from residential ingestion  of river water. The exposure pathways identified
in the Mid-Hudson HHRA are ingestion of fish, incidental ingestion of sediments, dermal contact
with sediments and  river water, and residential ingestion of river water.  For these exposure
pathways, average (central tendency) and RME estimates were calculated using point estimate
analyses, whereby an individual point estimate was selected for each exposure factor used in the
calculations of cancer risks and non-cancer health hazards.  The RME is the maximum exposure
that is  reasonably expected to  occur in the Mid-Hudson River under baseline conditions; the
RME is not a worst-case exposure scenario.

       Risks and  hazards through inhalation of volatilized PCBs were not assessed in the
Mid-Hudson  HHRA because calculated risks for this  pathway were shown  to be de minimus
(insignificant) in the Human Health Risk Assessment for the Upper Hudson River.  Given that
concentrations of PCBs found in the sediment and river water in the Mid-Hudson are lower than
concentrations in the Upper Hudson, the risks from volatilization  also would be expected to be
insignificant (and lower) in the Mid-Hudson.  Similarly, because the concentrations of PCBs in
the Mid-Hudson River are lower than in the  Upper Hudson, USEPA determined that a Monte
Carlo analysis of cancer risks and non-cancer hazards for the fish ingestion  pathway  was not
warranted for the Mid-Hudson  HHRA.   An assessment of the exposure  and  risks  from
dioxin-like  PCBs was  not performed because  the  findings  for  the  Human Health  Risk
Assessment  for the Upper Hudson River showed that  the risks for  dioxin-like PCBs  were
comparable to those calculated for total  PCBs.
                                         ES-2                 TAMS/Gradient Corporation

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 Ingest ion of Fish

       For fish ingestion, both average (central tendency) and RME estimates were developed
 for each of the parameters needed to calculate the cancer risks and non-cancer health hazards.
 Based on the 1991 New York Angler survey of fish consumption by licensed anglers (Connelly
 et al., 1992), the central tendency fish ingestion rate was determined to be approximately six
 half-pound meals per year and the RME fish ingestion rate was determined to be 51 half-pound
 meals per year.

       Both cancer risks  and non-cancer health hazards to an adult angler  and a child were
 calculated.   Population  mobility  data from the  U.S.  Census  Bureau for the six  counties
 surrounding the Mid-Hudson River (i.e., Albany, Columbia, Dutchess, Greene, Rensselaer, and
 Ulster) and fishing duration data from the  1991 New York Angler  survey were used to determine
 the length of time an angler fishes in the Mid-Hudson  River (i.e., exposure duration).  The
 exposure duration for fish ingestion was 12 years for the central tendency exposure estimate for
 cancer and non-cancer and 40 years for cancer (7 years for non-cancer) for the RME estimate.
 Standard USEPA default factors were  used for angler body weight.  Future concentrations  of
 PCBs in fish were derived from forecasts presented in the Ecological Risk Assessment for Future
 Risks in the Lower Hudson River, which were then grouped by fish species and averaged over
 species for the entire Mid-Hudson River.  PCB losses during cooking  were assumed to be 20%
 for the central  tendency exposure estimate and 0% (no  loss)  for the  RME estimate, based on
 studies reported in the scientific literature.

 Other Exposure Pathways

       For the direct exposure scenarios for river water and sediment,  the average (central
 tendency) exposure estimates for adults  and young children (aged  1-6 years) were assumed to be
 one day every other  week  for the 13 weeks of summer  (7 days/year) and for  the RME were
 assumed to be one day per week for the 13 weeks of summer (13 days/year). Adolescents (aged
 7-18  years)  were assumed to  have about three times more frequent  exposure,  with a central
 tendency exposure estimate of 20 days/year and an RME estimate of 39 days/year. The risks and
 hazards due to ingestion of river water for drinking water purposes were evaluated for residents
 living adjacent  to the Mid-Hudson River.  The concentrations of PCBs in  water and sediment
 were  derived from the Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment  for Future Risks in the  Lower
 Hudson River.  Standard USEPA default factors were used for certain exposure parameters (e.g.,
 body weight) in the cancer risk and non-cancer hazard calculations  for these pathways.

Toxicity Assessment

       The toxicity assessment is  an evaluation of the chronic (7  years or more)  adverse health
effects from exposure to PCBs (USEPA, 1989b). In the federal Superfund program, two types of
adverse health effects are evaluated: 1) the incremental risk of developing cancer due to exposure
to chemicals and 2)  the  hazards  associated with non-cancer health effects, which for PCBs

                                         ES-3                 TAMS/Gradient Corporation

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include  reproductive impairment,  developmental  disorders,  disruption  of  specific  organ
functions, and learning problems.  The cancer risk is expressed as a probability and is based on
the cancer potency of the chemical, known as a cancer slope factor, or CSF.  The non-cancer
hazard is expressed as the ratio of the chemical intake (dose) to a Reference Dose, or RfD.  The
chronic RfD represents an estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude or
greater) of a daily exposure level for the human population, including sensitive populations (e.g.,
children), that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime.
Chemical exposures exceeding the RfD do not predict specific diseases.  USEPA's Integrated
Risk Information System, known  as IRIS, provides the primary database  of chemical-specific
toxicity information used in Superfund risk assessments.  The most current CSFs and RfDs for
PCBs were used in calculating cancer risks and non-cancer hazards in the Mid-Hudson HHRA.

       PCBs are a group of synthetic organic chemicals consisting of 209 individual chlorinated
biphenyls called congeners.  Some PCB congeners are considered to be structurally similar to
dioxin and are called dioxin-like PCBs.   USEPA has classified PCBs  as probable human
carcinogens, based on a  number of studies  in laboratory animals showing liver tumors. Human
carcinogenicity data for PCB mixtures are limited but suggestive. USEPA (1996) described three
published studies that analyzed deaths  from cancer in  PCB capacitor manufacturing  plants
(Bertazzi et ai, 1987; Brown, 1987; and Sinks et al., 1992).  Recently, Kimbrough et al (1999)
published the results of an epidemiological  study  of mortality in workers from two General
Electric Company capacitor manufacturing plants in New York State.  In September 1999, two
Letters  to the  Editor regarding  the Kimbrough  et al. (1999)  study  and  a  response  from
Kimbrough et al. were published  in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
Due to the limitations of the Kimbrough et al. (1999) study identified by USEPA and others,
USEPA expects that the findings of the Kimbrough et al.  (1999) study will not lead to any
change in its CSFs for PCBs, which were  last reassessed by USEPA in 1996.  The toxicity of
PCBs is discussed in detail in the Human Health Risk Assessment for the Upper Hudson River.
Risk Characterization

       For known or suspected carcinogens,  acceptable exposure  levels for Superfund are
generally concentration levels that represent an incremental upper-bound lifetime cancer risk to
an RME individual of 10  to 10"  (USEPA,  1990).  Ingestion of fish to an  RME individual
results in the highest cancer risks of approximately 4 x 10"4 (4 additional cancers in a population
of ten thousand).  Ingestion of fish for the average (central tendency) scenario results in an
incremental upper-bound lifetime cancer risk to approximately 9x10"  (9 additional  cancers in a
population of one million).  If it is assumed that a child meal portion  is approximately 1/3 of an
adult portion, then the RME child risk for ingestion of fish is approximately 1 x 10"4. Estimated
cancer risks for all other exposure pathways are below 10"6 (Le-> less than one in a million)  The
cancer risks are based on uniform exposure throughout the Mid-Hudson River (i.e., that the
exposure occurs throughout the Mid-Hudson study area).
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Cancer Risk Summary
Pathway
Ingestion of Fish:
Adult
Child
Recreational Exposure to
Sediment*
Recreational Dermal
Exposure to Water*
Consumption of Drinking
Water*
Central Tendency Risk
9 xlO'6 (9 in 1,000,000)
3 x 10 '6 (6 in 1,000,000)
2 x 10'8 (2 in 100,000,000)
9 xlO'9 (9 in 1,000,000,000)
2x 10'8(2in 100,000,000)
RME Risk
4 x 1Q-4 (4 in 10,000)
Ix Iff* (I in 10,000)
2 x 10'7 (2 in 10,000,000)
6 x 10'8 (6 in 100,000,000)
lx!0'7(l in 10,000,000)
 Total risk for child (aged 1-6), adolescent (aged 7-18), and adult (over 18).

       The evaluation  of non-cancer health effects  involved  comparing  the  average daily
 exposure levels (dose) to determine whether the estimated exposures exceed the RfD. The ratio
 of the site-specific calculated dose to the RfD for each exposure pathway is summed to calculate
 the Hazard Index (HI)  for the exposed individual.   An  HI of  one  (1) is the reference level
 established by USEPA above which concerns about non-cancer health effects must be evaluated.

       Ingestion of fish by the RME individual results in the highest value for non-cancer health
 hazards (HI =  30). Ingestion  of fish by the average (central tendency) individual results in an HI
 of 3.  Note that  the  average daily dose decreases as the exposure duration increases, so  the
 average concentration over a  7-year exposure period used  as the  RME for non-cancer is greater
 than the average concentration over the 40-year exposure period used as the RME for the cancer
 assessment. Even if the average concentration of PCBs  in fish over 40 years rather than  the
 average concentration over 7 years is  used to evaluate non-cancer health hazards (i.e., 0.8 ppm
 PCBs instead of 1.3 ppm PCBs), the HI would be 18. If it is assumed that a child meal portion is
 approximately 1/3 of an adult portion, then the RME child HI for ingestion of fish is 10.  Total
 His for the recreational exposure pathways are all significantly less than one. The calculated His
are based on uniform exposure throughout the Mid-Hudson River (i.e., that the exposure occurs
throughout the Mid-Hudson study area).

       Uncertainties  are  inherent  in  the  risk  assessment process  and  may exist  in PCB
concentrations in environmental media, derivation of toxicity values, and estimating potential
exposures. The uncertainties in risk characterization for the Mid-Hudson HHRA are expected to
be similar to those found in the Human Health Risk Assessment for the Upper Hudson River.
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Non-Cancer Hazard Summar
Pathway
Ingestion of Fish:
Adult
Child
lecreational Exposure to
Sediment*
lecreational Dermal
ixposure to Water*
Consumption of Drinking
Water*
Central Tendency
Non-Cancer Hazard Index
3
1
0.002
0.005
0.01
r
RME Non-Cancer
Hazard Index
30
10
0.004
0.007
0.02
   *Higher of value for child or adolescent, which  are  both higher than adult for these
   pathways.
Major Findings of the Mid-Hudson HHRA

       The Mid-Hudson HHRA evaluated both cancer risks and non-cancer health hazards to
children, adolescents and adults posed by PCBs in the Mid-Hudson River. USEPA has classified
PCBs as probable human carcinogens and known animal  carcinogens.  Other long-term adverse
health  effects  of PCBs observed in laboratory animals  include a  reduced  ability  to  fight
infections, low birth weights, and learning problems. The  major findings of the report are:
       •  Eating fish is the primary pathway for humans to  be exposed to PCBs from the
          Mid-Hudson.

       •  Under the RME scenario for eating fish, the calculated risk is approximately four
          additional cases of cancer for every 10,000 people exposed. This excess cancer risk is
          more  than 100 times higher than USEPA's goal of protection and within the upper
          bound of the cancer risk range generally allowed under the federal Superfund law.

       •  For non-cancer health effects, the RME scenario for eating fish from the Mid-Hudson
          results in a level of exposure to PCBs that is 30 times higher than USEPA's reference
          level (Hazard Index) of one.

       •  Under baseline  conditions, the RME cancer risks and  non-cancer hazards for eating
          fish would be  above USEPA's  generally acceptable levels for a  40-year exposure
          period beginning in 1999.
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For the fish consumption pathway, central tendency cancer risks lie within the risk
range of 10"6 to 10"4, and non-cancer hazards under central tendency assumptions fall
slightly above the USEPA's reference level (Hazard Index) of one.

Risks from being exposed to PCBs in the Mid-Hudson River through  skin contact
with contaminated sediments and river water, residential ingestion of river water for
drinking water, incidental ingestion of sediments, and inhalation of PCBs in air are
significantly below USEPA's  levels of concern for cancer and non-cancer health
effects.
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Chapter 1

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 1     Overview of Mid-Hudson River Risk Assessment

 1.1    Introduction

       This report presents the baseline Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) for the Mid-
 Hudson  River  as required  under the National Oil and  Hazardous Substances  Pollution
 Contingency Plan (USEPA, 1990). This report  serves as a companion report to the Human
 Health Risk Assessment for the Upper Hudson River (Upper Hudson HHRA) that was issued by
 the U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency (USEPA)  in August  1999.   This assessment
 quantifies  both  carcinogenic  and  non-carcinogenic  health  effects  from  exposure  to
 polychlorinated  biphenyls (PCBs) in the Mid-Hudson River, following USEPA risk assessment
 policies and guidance. Both current and future risks to children, adolescents, and adults were
 evaluated based on  the assumption of no remediation or institutional controls  such as  in the
 absence of fish consumption advisories (USEPA, 1990).

       The risk  assessment methodology for the Mid-Hudson River parallels the method adopted
 for the  Upper Hudson HHRA.   Therefore,  much of the background  and details of  the risk
 assessment process is contained in the Upper  Hudson HHRA, and the reader should refer to that
 report  to  gain  a better understanding  of the  overall  process.  In addition,  the  1-year  move
 probabilities for the Mid-Hudson region is virtually the same (less than 1 % difference for any age
 group) as that for the Upper Hudson region. Given the fact that residence duration's for the Mid-
 Hudson region age categories are essentially the same as those for the Upper Hudson region, the
 angling and residence duration distribution derived for the Upper Hudson HHRA were applied in
 the Mid-Hudson HHRA as well. An assessment of the exposure and risks from dioxin-like PCBs
 was not performed because the findings for the Human Health Risk Assessment for the Upper
 Hudson River showed that the risks for dioxin-like PCBs were comparable to those calculated for
 total PCBs.

 1.2    Site Background

       The Hudson River PCBs Superfund Site extends from Hudson Falls, NY to the Battery in
New York City.  The site covers approximately 200 river miles.  The most contaminated portion
of the Hudson River is between Hudson Falls, NY and the Federal Dam  at Troy, NY (Upper
Hudson River),  and was addressed in the August  1999 Upper Hudson HHRA Report (USEPA,
 1999g). This HHRA addresses the Mid-Hudson River (Plate 1), which is the area between the
Federal Dam in  Troy, NY (River Mile 154) and the salt water front (approximately River Mile
63) just south of Poughkeepsie, NY.

       From 1957 through 1975, it is estimated that between 209,000 and  1,300,000 pounds of
PCBs  were  discharged to  the  Upper Hudson River from two General  Electric capacitor
manufacturing facilities.  The manufacture, processing, and distribution  in commerce of PCBs
within the U.S. was restricted in 1977 under provisions of the Toxic Substances and Control Act
(USEPA, 1978). In 1973, the Fort Edward Dam was removed, which facilitated the downstream
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movement of PCB-contaminated sediments (USEPA, 199la). In 1984, USEPA issued a Record
of Decision (ROD) for the site (USEPA, 1984).  The ROD specified: 1) an interim No Action
decision concerning PCBs in Upper Hudson River sediments; 2) in-place capping, containment
and monitoring of remnant deposit  sediments;  and  3) a treatability study to  evaluate the
effectiveness of removing PCBs  from the Hudson River water  (USEPA, 1984).  This report is
part of the reassessment of the No Action decision begun by USEPA Region 2 in  December
1990.

      Because of potential human health risks due  to consumption of PCB-contaminated fish,
New York State has made the following general recommendations: 1) eat no more than one meal
(1/2 pound) per week of fish from the Hudson River estuary;  2) women of childbearing age,
infants, and children under the age of 15 should not eat any fish species from the Hudson River;
and 3) follow trimming and cooking advice (NYSDOH, 1999a). Additional health  advisories
made specifically for  the Hudson River include:  1) Hudson Falls to Troy Dam (Upper Hudson
River) - eat no species; 2) Troy  Dam south to bridge at Catskill (Mid-Hudson River) — eat no
species, except American shad (one meal/week), and alewife, blueback herring, rock bass, and
yellow perch (one meal/month); 3) Bridge at Catskill south to and including the Upper Bay of
New York Harbor (Mid- and Lower Hudson River)  — eat American eel, bluefish,  striped bass,
Atlantic needlefish, rainbow smelt, white perch, carp, goldfish, white catfish,  largemouth bass,
smallmouth bass, walleye,  white catfish, and white  perch only one meal/month,  and crabs no
more  than six per week  (NYSDOH, 1999a).  In addition,  health advisories are also listed for
turtles and waterfowl statewide due to PCBs (NYSDOH, 1999a).

1.3   General Risk  Assessment Process

      The goal of the Superfund human health evaluation process is to provide a framework for
developing the risk information  necessary to assist in  the determination of possible remedial
actions at a  site.  The components involved in this process include: 1) Data Collection and
Analysis, 2) Exposure Assessment, 3) Toxicity  Assessment, and 4) Risk Characterization, as
described more fully in the Upper Hudson HHRA Report (USEPA, 1999g).

1.4   Discussion of  1991 Phase 1 Risk Assessment

      In 1991, USEPA issued the Phase 1 Report -  Interim Characterization and Evaluation for
the Hudson  River  PCB Reassessment Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study, including  a
quantitative risk assessment for the Upper Hudson River and a qualitative risk assessment for the
Lower Hudson River  (USEPA, 1991a). The risks from ingestion of fish in the Lower Hudson
River were qualitatively evaluated, based  on  the findings  in the Upper Hudson River.  The
assessment concluded that the risks from ingestion of fish would be similar to those found in the
Upper Hudson River.  The PCB concentrations in fish, water, and sediment in the Lower Hudson
were based on the Thomann PCB bioaccumulation model (USEPA, 199la).
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 1.5    Objectives of Phase 2 Risk Assessment

       In December 1990, USEPA Region 2 began a reassessment of the No-Action decision for
 the Upper Hudson River sediments based on, among other things, a request by New York State
 Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC)  and  requirements of the Superfund
 Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 to conduct reviews every five years of remedial
 decisions for sites where contamination remains on  site.  The reassessment consists of three
 phases: interim characterization and evaluation; further site characterization and analysis; and a
 Feasibility Study.  As part of the Phase 2 Reassessment, this report presents the Human Health
 Risk Assessment for the Mid-Hudson River.

       The objective of the  Phase 2 risk assessment is to quantitatively evaluate current and
 potential cancer risks and non-cancer hazards from river water, sediment, and  fish in the Mid-
 Hudson River.  This Mid-Hudson HHRA provides estimates  of cancer risks and non-cancer
 hazards both to the RME individual, or high-end risk (>90th  to 99th percentiles), and to the
 average exposed individual, or central tendency risk (50th  percentile).  Since the Phase 1 Risk
 Assessment, USEPA has used fate, transport, and bioaccumulation models  in order to forecast
 PCB concentration trends  in environmental media in the  Mid-Hudson  River region (USEPA,
 1999d  and USEPA, 2000).  The results from these model  forecasts were incorporated into this
 Phase 2 risk assessment.  The Mid-Hudson HHRA is limited to evaluating current  and potential
health risks associated with PCBs, because the HHRA is being conducted as part of USEPA's
Reassessment of its 1984 No-Action decision for the PCB-contaminated  sediments in the Upper
Hudson River.
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Chapter 2

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 2     Exposure Assessment

       The objective of the exposure assessment is to estimate the magnitude of human exposure
 to PCBs in the study area.  USEPA guidance and policy call for an evaluation of the central
 estimate (CT) of risks and  an estimate of risk for the reasonably maximum exposed (RME)
 individual. Consistant with USEPA regulations, the risk managers in the Superfund program
 evaluate the risk and hazards to the RME individual in the decision-making process. The same
 approach and terminology that were used in the Upper Hudson HHRA are being adopted here for
 the Mid-Hudson HHRA, with the exception that a Monte Carlo analysis was not performed for
 the fish  ingestion pathway for the  Mid-Hudson  HHRA.   Because the  Mid-Hudson HHRA
 methods parallel those in the Upper Hudson HHRA, the reader should refer to the Upper Hudson
 HHRA (USEPA, 1999g) for additional details.

 2.1    Exposure Pathways

       For exposure and potential risks to  occur, a complete exposure  pathway must exist.
 Those pathways considered in the Upper  Hudson HHRA were  also considered for the  Mid-
 Hudson HHRA.  In general, during boating, fishing, and other recreational activities, members of
 the Mid-Hudson River study area population may be exposed to PCBs if they consume fish
 caught from the river, or as they come into contact with river water and river sediments.  In
 addition, the Mid-Hudson River is a drinking water source and exposure  may occur from this
 pathway.  Potential exposure pathways considered in this HHRA  are summarized in Table 2-1,
 identifying those pathways which are "complete" and warranted exposure and risk calculations in
 this study. The following sections briefly summarize the site-specific elements that make up the
 complete exposure pathways that  are evaluated in the Mid-Hudson HHRA,  while the Upper
 Hudson HHRA discusses the exposure pathways in more detail.

 2.1.1   Potential Exposure Media

       Humans may be exposed to PCBs from the site either through direct ingestion or contact
 with media containing PCBs.  PCBs in the Hudson River have been detected, monitored and
 modeled  extensively.  The exposure media that are considered the  most potentially significant
 source of PCB exposure at  the  site include fish, sediment,  and  river water.   The relative
 importance of each of these potential exposure media, and those which may or may not pose a
 significant health risk, is determined based on the  results of the quantitative exposure and risk
 analysis.  As discussed in the Upper Hudson HHRA, PCBs in air (volatilizing from river water)
 were found to pose de minimus (i.e., insignificant) risk (10~6 or less) in the Upper Hudson region.
For the Mid-Hudson River,  the total  PCB concentration in  river water is approximately four
 times lower than the Upper Hudson such that airborne PCBs from the river would exhibit a lower
concentration (and risk) than determined for the Upper  Hudson HHRA.  Therefore, air is not
quantitatively evaluated in the Mid-Hudson  HHRA.
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2.1.2   Potential Receptors

       The population of concern in the  evaluation of the Mid-Hudson River includes the
inhabitants of the towns, cities, and rural areas surrounding the river who may fish or engage in
activities that will bring them into contact with the river.  The six counties include:  Albany,
Columbia, Dutchess, Greene, Rensselaer, and Ulster. From this population, anglers, recreators,
and residents were defined as "receptor" groups for the purpose of quantifying the potential PCB
exposures within the population as a whole.   A detailed description of these receptors can be
found in the Upper Hudson HHRA.

2.1.3   Potential Exposure Routes

       An exposure route is the  means, or mechanism, of contact with an exposure medium.
Similar to the Upper  Hudson  River  area,  fish ingestion (i.e., dietary intake)  is the potential
exposure route  for  anglers evaluated in this risk assessment.  Routes of  exposure  under  a
recreational  use scenario  include: absorption of PCBs via  dermal contact with sediments,
incidental ingestion  of PCBs contained in sediments during subsequent hand to mouth contact,
and dermal contact  with river water.  Consumption of river water as a residential source of
drinking water is included in the  Mid-Hudson HHRA to address public concerns although it is
recognized that the  current and predicted  PCB  concentrations are  well below the Maximum
Contaminant Level  (MCL) established under the Safe  Drinking Water Act to protect public
drinking water supplies.

       As summarized in Table 2-1, several exposure routes are not quantitatively evaluated in
this HHRA.  Risks  from the inhalation of air (due to PCBs volatilizing from river water) and
other potable water  uses such as showering were not evaluated due to low PCB concentrations
present in the Mid-Hudson River and the  chemical/physical properties of PCBs.  In addition,
other potential pathways, such as dietary intake of home-grown crops, consumption of local beef
or dairy products, or consumption of snapping turtles, crabs and  wild waterfowl are unlikely to
be significant pathways for PCB intake, for the reasons discussed in the Upper Hudson HHRA.

2.2    Quantification of Exposure

       This section  of the risk assessment summarizes the basic approach for calculating human
intake  levels resulting from  exposures  to  PCBs.    A more detailed  explanation of the
quantification of exposure can be found in the Upper Hudson HHRA.

       The primary  source for the exposure algorithms used in the risk assessment is USEPA's
Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund, Part  A (RAGS) (USEPA, 1989b).  The generalized
equation for calculating chemical  intakes is:

                        CxCRxEFxEDxCF
                               BWxAT
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 where:

        I      =      Intake - the amount of chemical at the exchange boundary (mg/kg - day)
        C     =      Exposure Point Concentration - the chemical concentration contacted over
                     the exposure period at the exposure point (e.g., mg/kg-fish)
        CR    =      Contact Rate - the amount of affected medium contacted per unit time or
                     event (e.g., fish ingestion rate in g/day)
        EF    =      Exposure frequency - describes how often exposure occurs (days/year)
        ED    =      Exposure duration - describes how long exposure occurs (year)
        CF    =      Con version factor - (kg/g)
        BW   =      Body weight - the average body weight over the exposure period (kg)
        AT    =      Averaging time  - period over which  exposure is averaged for non-
                     carcinogenic effects (i.e., ED x 365 days/year) and 70 year lifetime for
                     carcinogenic effects (i.e., 70 years X 365 days/year).

        Exposure  parameters (e.g., contact  rate, exposure frequency, exposure duration, body
weight) describe the exposure of a receptor for a given exposure scenario (mg/kg-day).  These
values are the input parameters for the exposure algorithms  used to estimate  chemical intake.
The general equation  above is  slightly modified for each pathway, and the specific exposure
parameters for each pathway are summarized and discussed in detail in Section 2.4.

2.3    Exposure Point Concentrations

       The exposure  point concentrations  (EPCs) for PCBs in fish, water, and sediment  are
based upon modeled projections of future concentrations in each medium (although the models
are based upon a  large monitoring record) (USEPA,  1999h).   As a  result, the typical approach
adopted in Superfund risk assessments  of calculating  an upper confidence limit on a mean
concentration (i.e., 95% UCLM), no longer strictly applies, as discussed more fully in the Upper
Hudson HHRA.  In addition, as was discussed in the Upper Hudson HHRA,  no screening of
Contaminants  of Potential Concern  (COPCs)  was performed for this  assessment because  the
Mid-Hudson HHRA is being conducted as part of USEPA's Reassessment of its 1984 No Action
decision for the PCB-contaminated sediments in the  Hudson River.  Thus, the  USEPA RAGS
Part D  format (Tables 2-2 through  2-4) which, for  a typical risk  assessment, would  include
information necessary  to determine COPCs, are not needed and are included in the Mid-Hudson
HHRA only for consistency.

2.3.1   PCB Concentration in Fish

       Because the Mid-Hudson HHRA examines current and future  cancer health risks  and
non-cancer hazards, and because the concentration  of PCBs in fish  changes over time  and
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location, the EPC for PCBs in fish necessarily relies upon model predictions.  Three factors have
an influence on the exposure point concentration in fish:

       1.     The concentration of PCBs for any particular fish species varies for a particular
             year, but overall it declines over time.

       2.     The concentration of PCBs within the same fish species varies with location in the
             Hudson River, with higher concentrations upstream compared to downstream.

       3.     The concentration of PCBs varies among different fish species.
Thus, even though fish are considered a single exposure medium for the Mid-Hudson HHRA,
each of the above factors will influence the calculation of a single exposure point concentration.

Summary of Modeled PCB Concentration Results

      The 1999 baseline Ecological Risk Assessment for Future Risks in the Lower Hudson
River (USEPA, 1999h) presents a detailed discussion of the PCB bioaccumulation and transport
and fate models that were used to predict future trends of PCB concentrations in fish. For this
Mid-Hudson HHRA, estimated EPCs  for fish were derived  from forecasts  using USEPA's
bioaccumulation model(FISHRAND) and the Farley et a/.(1999) fate and bioaccumulation model
as presented in USEPA (1999h).  The Farley et al. (1999) model forecasts were used for white
perch (ages 1-7)  because the  model  accounts  for their  migratory behavior.  The Farley et
al. (1999) model was not used to determine PCB concentrations in striped bass because it does
not forecast PCB concentrations in striped  bass in the Mid-Hudson HHRA study area.  The
FISHRAND model results were used for the brown bullhead, largemouth bass, and yellow perch.
Because striped bass was not specifically modeled in the Mid-Hudson region, the  FISHRAND
modeled largemouth bass values, scaled by the average ratio of PCB concentration in striped bass
over largemouth bass  in  the  NYSDEC monitoring data, were used  to estimate  future PCB
concentrations in striped bass in the Mid-Hudson River (USEPA, 1999h). The reader is referred
to USEPA (1999h) for further information on the bioaccumulation and fate and transport models
used to forecast concentrations of PCBs in sediment, water column, and fish in the Mid-Hudson.

      Overall, forecasts of PCBs in fish were available for a total of seven fish species: brown
bullhead,  largemouth  bass,  striped bass,  white  perch, yellow perch,  spottail  shiner, and
pumpkinseed.  Two  of these  modeled species (spottail  shiner and  pumpkinseed) were  not
included in the Mid-Hudson HHRA because they are small fish and are typically not consumed
by humans.  However,  these small fish were modeled as one component of the fish food web that
contributes to PCB accumulation higher up in the food chain (i.e., larger fish that are consumed
by humans) (USEPA, 1999H).

       Model forecasts of total PCB concentration in each species were based on PCB congeners
with three or more chlorine molecules, i.e., Tri+ PCB concentrations (USEPA, 1999d).  For the
larger fish species modeled (i.e., brown bullhead, largemouth bass, striped bass, white perch, and

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 yellow perch), the model provides estimates of PCB concentration in fish fillets, otherwise the
 model results are for whole fish for the smaller species (i.e., spottail shiner and pumpkinseed).
 The fillet represents the portion of the fish most commonly consumed by humans.

        Modeled predictions of future PCB concentrations in fish from the FISHRAND model
 are presented at three locations along the Mid-Hudson River: River Mile 152 (corresponding to
 River Miles 153.5 - 123.5); River Mile 113 (corresponding to River Miles 123.5 - 93.5); and
 River Mile 90 (corresponding to River Miles 93.5 - 63.5) (USEPA,  1999h).  These three
 locations correspond to locations along the river where fish have been monitored by NYSDEC.
 Modeled predictions from the Farley et al. (1999) model are presented as an overall average by
 food web region.  Food web region 1 model results (River Miles 153.5 - 73.5) were used for the
 Mid-Hudson HHRA (Plate 1). In general, the concentrations for all fish species decrease with
 River Mile and time. PCB concentrations in fish were modeled from 1999 to 2039, which covers
 present and future exposure to PCBs in fish. Figures 2-1 through 2-5 displays the modeled mean
 concentration trend over time by location for each of the five modeled species considered in the
 Mid-Hudson HHRA.

 Concentration Averaged Over Locations

       With the exception of some limited information in 1996 (NYSDOH, 1999b) and the 1991
 -  1992  Hudson Angler survey (Barclay,  1993),  there is insufficient information  to quantify
 fishing   preference  or  frequency  at  specific  locations  within  the  Mid-Hudson   River.
 Consequently, projected PCB concentrations in fish were averaged over  the Mid-Hudson River
 region.   This averaging essentially presumes a uniform likelihood of fishing at any location
 within the Mid-Hudson River study area.

       The  PCB concentrations, averaged over location,  for each of the modeled species are
 summarized in Figure 2-6. Overall, modeled PCB concentrations for striped bass are the highest,
 ranging from approximately 3 mg/kg to slightly less than  1 mg/kg,  while the modeled PCB
 concentrations in yellow  perch are the lowest, ranging from approximately 0.5 mg/kg to 0.25
 mg/kg.

 PCB Concentration Weighted by Species-Consumption Fractions

       In order to take into account the fish species that individuals actually eat from the Mid-
 Hudson River, species-specific intake patterns, derived from  the 1991 New York Angler survey
 (Connelly et al., 1992) and (NYSDOH, 1999b) and  1991 -  1992 Hudson River  angler  survey
 (Barclay,  1993), were used  to weight  the concentration of PCBs  in fish.  That is, the  overall
 average PCB concentration in fish that an angler consumes was based on the relative percent of
 different fish species consumed, and their respective modeled  PCB concentrations.

      A complete discussion of the  1991 New York Angler survey (Connelly et al., 1992) is
found in the Upper Hudson HHRA.  A summary of the survey is provided in Table 2-5, and is
briefly described here. A total of nine specific fish species, plus a tenth category denoted "other,"
were included in the  Connelly et al.  (1992) survey.  Of the nine species  in the  survey, salmon,

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trout, and walleye are  not  commonly found in the Mid-Hudson River study area (USEPA,
1991a); therefore,  these  three species,  along  with the unidentified "other"  category, were
excluded when determining species ingestion weights. The six species from the 1991 New York
Angler survey (Connelly et al., 1992) that are potentially caught and eaten in the Mid-Hudson
River were grouped such that species for which predicted PCB concentrations  are unavailable
were assigned the PCB concentration of a modeled species that fell within the same group.

       The 1991 New York Angler survey (Connelly et al.,  1992) did not distinguish among
species  included in the "perch" and  "bass" categories.   Because white perch, yellow  perch,
largemouth bass, and striped bass are being considered separately for the Mid-Hudson region, an
estimated species intake for each was based on adjusting the ingestion rates derived from the
1991 New York angler survey (Connelly et al, 1992) using relative catch frequency of the four
species. Table 2-6 summarizes the break down, which was based on  the Mid-Hudson results of
the 1996 (NYSDOH, 1999b) and the 1991 - 1992 Hudson River Angler survey (Barclay,  1993).
The results from the 1996 (NYSDOH,  1999b) and 1991 -  1992 Hudson River Angler survey
(Barclay, 1993) only account for the amount of each species caught, rather than the amount of
each species  consumed.  Other surveys of the Mid-Hudson  River region (Jackson,  1990)
generally support the results of the NYSDOH (1999b) survey. Note that although the Jackson
(1990) study  revealed a  higher ratio of largemouth bass to striped bass, almost  3/4  of the
respondents were targeting black bass (largemouth and smallmouth bass) for a tournament. As a
result,  the NYSDOH (1999b) survey results were deemed more appropriate for use.   In the
NYSDOH (1999b) survey, the white perch catch outnumbers yellow  perch about 6:1, while the
striped bass catch outnumbers largemouth bass about 3:2.

       Table  2-7  summarizes species-group intake percentages by summing  the  frequency
percentage  (Table 2-5) of the individual species in  each group.  Carp, catfish, and eel were
assigned the same PCB concentration as brown bullhead, in part because like bullhead, they tend
to spend much of  their  time at the bottom of lakes,  rivers, and  streams.   Modeled PCB
concentrations are available for each of the remaining species, in the remaining groups.

       The EPCs for PCBs were derived using the species ingestion fractions shown in Table 2-
7 multiplied by the PCB concentrations in each of the five  modeled fish species.  Thus, the
weighted EPC is:

                          5
                   EPC = E(£PCG™,Px xSpeciesIngestionFractionGrmtpX)
                         x=\
       The species-weighted EPC  value for fish in the  Mid-Hudson River is summarized in
Table 2-8. The EPC for each fish group (EPCGrouPx) is the average over all locations within the
Mid-Hudson River.  The central tendency EPC of 1.2 mg/kg PCBs was calculated by averaging
the species-weighted  concentration distribution  over the 50lh  percentile exposure duration
estimate (i.e.,\2 years).  The RME exposure EPC of  0.8  mg/kg  PCBs was calculated  by
averaging the species-weighted concentration distribution over the 95th percentile exposure
duration estimate (i.e.,40 years).  The determination of these particular exposure durations is
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 described in Section 2.4.1. The RME exposure duration of seven years for non-cancer hazards
 was 1.3 mg/kg.

       It may be counter-intuitive that the RME EPC is lower than the central tendency EPC.
 This is a direct result of the projected decline in PCB concentrations in fish. Due to this decline
 over time,  the average concentration over the 40-year exposure duration is less than the average
 concentration over the 12-year period.  However, the total lifetime PCB dose, which combines
 concentration, exposure duration, and other intake factors, is greater for the RME point estimate.

 2.3.2  PCB Concentration in Sediment

       Just as is the case for fish, PCB concentrations in sediment in the Mid-Hudson generally
 decrease as a function  of river mile  and time. As  described in USEPA  (1999h),  PCB
 concentrations  in surficial  (0-5 cm)  sediments  were modeled  over time  and distance.   The
 model predictions for the Mid-Hudson study area were presented for nine  different river mile
 segments, each approximately 10 miles long, from the Federal Dam at Troy, NY (River Mile
 154) to the salt water front (approximately River Mile 63) just south of Poughkeepsie, NY
 (Farley et ai, 1999).  The forecast total PCB concentrations in sediment are plotted in
 Figure 2-7.

       The EPCs in sediment were calculated by first averaging the  results for Total PCBs in
 sediment over the nine model  segments (see Figure 2-7), then averaging these values over the
 central tendency (i.e., 11 years) and RME (i.e., 41 years) exposure durations. Note the exposure
 duration for this pathway is based only  on residence duration, as opposed to a RME of 40 years
 and a central estimate of 12 years for angling  duration, which is a  combination of residence
 duration and fishing duration.  The RME exposure duration is 6 years for children, 12 years for
 adolescents, and 23 years for adults  (summing to 41 years), and  the central tendency exposure
 duration is 3 years for children, 3 years for adolescents,  and 5  years for adults (summing to 11
 years). The mean of the first 1-4, 5-7, and 8-12 years of these segment averages (0.61, 0.61, and
 0.59 mg/kg  PCBs)  was  used as  the  central  tendency  point  estimate  EPCs for children,
 adolescents, and adults, respectively; the mean of the first 1-7, 8-19, and 20-42 years of these
 segment averages (0.58, 0.52, and 0.45 mg/kg PCBs) was used as the RME point estimates for
children, adolescents, and adults, respectively (Table 2-9).

       Again, it may be counter-intuitive that the RME EPCs are lower than the central tendency
EPCs.  This is a direct result of the declining PCB concentration in sediment over time giving
rise to declining EPC estimates as the duration of exposure increases.

2.3.3   PCB Concentration in River Water

       Similar to the sediment results, USEPA (1999h) provides forecast PCB concentrations in
the water column over location and  time.  The water column model predictions for the Mid-
Hudson River were presented for nine river segments, from the Federal Dam  (River Mile 154) to
the salt water front (approximately River Mile 63) just south of Poughkeepsie, NY (Farley et ai,

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1999). The forecast concentrations of total PCBs in water are plotted in Figure 2-8. Note that the
increase in PCB concentration in water at 2039 is a result of scour uncovering older, more highly
contaminated sediments, as more fully discussed by USEPA (1999h and 2000).

       The exposure point concentrations in river water  were calculated by first averaging the
total PCB concentrations across the nine model segments, then averaging these values over the
central tendency (i.e., 1 1 years) and RME (i.e., 41 years) exposure durations.  The RME exposure
duration is 6 years for children, 12 years for adolescents, and 23 years for adults (summing to 41
years), and the central tendency exposure duration is 3 years for children, 3 years for adolescents,
and 5 years for adults (which sum to 1 1 years). The mean of the first  1-4, 5-7, and 8-12 years of
these segment averages (1.6 x 10"5, 1.6 x  10'5, and 1.5 x 10"5 mg/L PCBs) was used as the central
tendency point estimate EPCs for children, adolescents, and adults, respectively; the mean of the
first  1-7,  8-19, and 20-42 years of these segment averages (1.4 x 10"5, 1.2 x 10"5,  and 9.2 x 10"6
mg/L PCBs) was  used as the RME point estimates for children, adolescents, and adults,
respectively (Table 2-10).

2.4    Chemical Intake Algorithms

       The calculation of PCB intake for each complete exposure pathway for the Mid-Hudson
HHRA follows the same procedures described in greater detail in the Upper Hudson  HHRA.
Complete tabulations  of the exposure  factors for each exposure pathway and receptor scenario
are found in Tables 2-19 through 2-28.

2.4.1  IngestionofFish

       The fish ingestion point estimate intake is calculated as:

                               ,    CfkhxIRx(l-LOSS)xFSxEFxEDxCF
              Intake™ ^ ' k§ '                    BW x AT
where:
       Cf1Sh   =     Concentration of PCBs in fish (mg/kg)
       IR    =     Annualized fish ingestion rate (g/day)
       LOSS =     Cooking loss (g/g)
       FS    =     Fraction from source (unitless fraction)
       EF    =     Exposure frequency (days/year)
       ED   =     Exposure duration (years)
       CF    =     Conversion Factor (10"3 kg/g)
       BW   =     Body weight (kg)
       AT   =     Averaging time (days)
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        Exposure factor values for the central tendency and RME point estimate calculations for
 this pathway are summarized  in Table  2-19.  Site-specific considerations  in selecting  these
 factors are discussed below.

        Fraction from Source (FS).  This  HHRA examines possible exposure for the population
 of anglers who consume self-caught fish from the Mid-Hudson River.  Thus, the exposure and
 risk analysis assumes the Mid-Hudson River accounts for 100% of the sportfish catch of the
 angler (FS=1).  As noted below, the fish ingestion rate is based upon angler consumption of
 sportfish, such that it excludes fish that may be purchased and then consumed.

       Exposure Frequency (EF).  Because the fish ingestion rate is based on an annualized
 average ingestion over one year, an implicit exposure frequency value of 365 days/year is used in
 the intake calculation. This does not imply consumption of fish is 365 days per year.

       Exposure Duration  (ED).  While Superfund risk assessments typically use the length of
 time that an individual remains in a single residence as an estimate for exposure duration, such
 an estimate is not likely to be a good predictor of angling duration, because  an individual may
 move into a  nearby residence and continue to fish in the same location, or an individual may
 chose to stop angling irrespective of the location of their home. Furthermore, given the large size
 of the Hudson River PCBs  Superfund site, an individual may move from one  place of residence
 to another, and still remain  within the Mid-Hudson area and continue to fish in the Mid-Hudson
 River.  For the purposes of defining the angler population likely to fish the Mid-Hudson River
 most frequently, it was assumed this population would be most likely to constitute residents  from
 the six  counties bordering  the  Mid-Hudson River (i.e., Albany, Columbia, Dutchess,  Greene,
 Rensselaer, and Ulster).  Furthermore, the 1991 New York Angler survey (Connelly et ai,  1992)
 found that the average  distance traveled by New York anglers  was 34 miles, supporting the
 notion that the majority  of the angler population for the Mid-Hudson River is likely to reside in
 these counties.

       Given the above considerations, the  exposure duration (angling, or fishing, duration) for
 the fish consumption pathway is not based solely upon a typical residence duration.  Instead, as
 described more fully in the Upper Hudson HHRA, an angler is assumed to continue fishing until
 any of the following occur:

       •      the individual stops fishing;
       •      the individual moves out of the area, or dies.

The 1991  New York Angler survey of over 1,000 anglers (Connelly et al., 1992)  was used to
estimate fishing duration habits within the population of New York anglers.  U.S.  Census data
(1990) on county to county  mobility provided the source of information to estimate the range of
residence  durations within the six counties  bordering the  Mid-Hudson  River (Tables  2-11
through 2-18).  As shown  in Table 2-18,  the 1-year move  probabilities  for the Mid-Hudson
region are virtually the same (less than 1%  difference for  any age group) as that for the Upper
Hudson region. Given the fact that residence durations for the Mid-Hudson region age categories

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are essentially the same as those for the Upper Hudson region, the angling and residence duration
distribution derived for the Upper Hudson HHRA were applied to the Mid-Hudson HHRA as
well.

       The 50th percentile of the fishing duration distribution is 12 years and the 95th percentile
is 40 years for the Mid-Hudson River region. These values were used as the central tendency and
RME point estimates, respectively.  A more complete and detailed discussion of the exposure
duration derivation is provided in the Upper Hudson HHRA.

       Body Weight (BW).  The average adult body weight used in the intake equation was 70 kg,
taken from USEPA (1989a). Note that the adult body weight found in the 1997 Exposure  Factors
Handbook (USEPA, 1997c) is 71.8 kg. Because USEPA's derivation of the PCB cancer toxicity
factors was based upon a 70 kg adult in extrapolating the animal data to humans, this assessment
uses the prior 70 kg body weight value for consistency. This difference in the body weight does
not significantly change the calculated cancer risks and non-cancer hazards.

       Averaging Time (AT).   A 70-year  lifetime averaging time of 25,550 days was used for
cancer calculations  (70 years x 365  day/year) (USEPA, 1989a).  In order to  avoid possible
confusion, a 70  year life expectancy from  USEPA  RAGS (USEPA,  1989b) was used as the
averaging time for cancer, even though the  1997 Exposure Factors Handbook (USEPA,  1997c)
indicates 75 years is the most current estimate.  Had a 75 year averaging time been used, this
would effectively decrease the calculated intake of PCBs in fish by 7%.

       Non-cancer averaging  times are not averaged over a lifetime, but rather over a period of
time equating to  a chronic level of exposure. Chronic exposure are those exposures that exceed
the subchronic exposure durations (7 years).  Therefore, the averaging time for the non-cancer
hazard assessment  was set to  2,555 days (7 years x 365 days/year) for the RME point estimate
and 4,380 days (12 years x 365 days/year) for the central tendency estimate.

       Concentration of PCB in Fish (Cf,sh).  As described earlier in Section 2.3.1, the PCB
concentration in fish  was  determined based on the modeled Tri+  PCB concentration results
presented in the USEPA (1999d), weighted by fish consumption patterns (Section 2.3.1).  For the
evaluation of cancer risks, the  central tendency EPC is 1.2 mg/kg PCBs, which was calculated by
averaging the species-weighted concentration distribution over  the  50th percentile exposure
duration estimate (i.e., 12 years).  The corresponding RME value is 0.8 mg/kg PCBs, which was
calculated by averaging the species-weighted concentration distribution over the 95* percentile
exposure duration estimate (i.e., 40 years).  It should be noted  that the apparent contradiction in
EPC, whereby the high-end EPC is lower  than the central tendency EPC, is a direct result of the
declining PCB concentration  in fish over  time.   Due  to this decline over time,  the  average
concentration over the 40-year exposure duration is less than the average concentration over the
12-year period.

       As noted  above, the averaging time for the non-cancer hazard  assessment was limited to a
maximum of 7 years for the RME.  The 7-year average EPC in  fish for the RME is 1.3 mg/kg
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 PCBs; the central tendency point estimate EPC, which is based on a 12-year exposure duration, is
 1.2 mg/kg PCBs (Table 2-19).

       Fish Ingestion Rate (IR).  The fish ingestion rate is based upon an estimate of the long
 term average consumption of self-caught  fish in  the angler population,  expressed  as  an
 annualized daily average rate in units of grams of fish per day (g/day). It is important to note that
 the ingestion offish from all sources (e.g., self-caught plus purchased fish) is necessarily greater
 than or equal to the ingestion rate of only self-caught fish.  Because the Mid-Hudson HHRA
 examines the risk of PCB intake from Hudson River fish only, the focus is only on self-caught
 fish.

       A full description of the derivation of fish ingestion rates is found in the Upper Hudson
 HHRA.  The fish ingestion rate for both the  Upper and Mid-Hudson is based upon a survey of
 over 1,000 New York anglers (Connelly et al., 1992) who catch and consume fish. For the point
 estimate exposure and risk calculations, the 50th  percentile  of the empirical distribution (4.0
 g/day) is used as the central tendency point  estimate of fish ingestion, and the 90th  percentile
 (31.9 g/day) is the RME ingestion  rate.  For  a one-half pound serving, these ingestion rates
 represent approximately 6 and 51 fish meals per year, respectively.

       Cooking Loss (LOSS).  Numerous studies  have examined the loss of PCBs  from fish
 during food preparation and cooking. A review of the available literature is discussed in detail in
 the Upper Hudson HHRA. Overall, the 12 studies reviewed support the conclusion that cooking
 loss may be zero to 74 percent. In  addition, several studies reported net gains for PCBs (Moya et
al., 1998, and Armbruster et al., 1987).  Despite the rather wide range of cooking loss estimates,
most PCB losses were between 10 and 40 percent. A value of 20% (midpoint of 0% - 40%) was
selected as the central tendency point estimate for cooking loss. For the  RME, no cooking loss
(LOSS = 0%) was selected to include the possibility that pan drippings are consumed.

2.4.2   Ingestion of Sediment

       For the sediment ingestion pathway, intake is calculated as:

                            ,„„,,,„ ,,   CsedxIRxFSxEFxEDxCF
       where:
       CSed   =      Concentration of PCBs in sediment (mg/kg)
       IR    =      Sediment ingestion rate (mg/day)
       FS    =      Fraction from source (unitless fraction)
       EF    =      Exposure frequency (days/year)
       ED    =      Exposure duration (years)
       CF    =      Conversion factor (10~6kg/mg)
       BW   =      Body weight (kg)
       AT    =      Averaging time (days)
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       Exposure factor values for the central tendency and RME point estimate calculations for
this pathway are summarized in Tables  2-20 through 2-22.  Site-specific  considerations in
selecting these factors are discussed below.

       PCB Concentration  in Sediment (Csed).  As described in Section 2.3.2,  the  central
tendency point estimates used for PCB concentration in sediment are 0.61, 0.61, and 0.59 mg/kg
for children, adolescents, and adults, respectively. The RME point estimates are 0.58, 0.52, and
0.45 mg/kg for children, adolescents, and adults, respectively (see Table 2-9).

       Sediment Ingestion Rate  (IR).  This factor provides an estimate of incidental intake of
sediment that may occur as  a result of hand-to-mouth activity.  In the absence of site-specific
ingestion rates, USEPA recommended values for daily soil ingestion were used for this factor.
The incidental ingestion rate for children is 100 mg/day, and for adults and adolescents the value
is 50 mg/day. These values, reported as median estimates of soil intake, are the recommendations
found in Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund (RAGS) (USEPA, 1989b) and the Exposure
Factors Handbook (USEPA, 1997c). The incidental  soil (sediment)  ingestion rate provides an
estimate of the ingestion that may occur integrated over a variety of activities, including ingestion
of indoor dust.  Thus, these median  ingestion rates are likely high-end estimates of incidental
sediment ingestion while participating in activities along the Mid-Hudson  River, because other
sources (such as at home) also account for soil/sediment ingestion.

       Exposure Frequency (EF).  Exposure to river sediments is most likely to occur during
recreational activities.  However, there are no site-specific data to provide an indication of the
likely frequency of recreational  activities along the  Mid-Hudson  River, nor are there general
population studies that  provide  usable information.  Under the assumption that  recreational
activities are likely to be most frequent during the summer months, an estimate of one day per
week during the 13 weeks of summer is considered a reasonable estimate of the RME value for
adults (i.e.,  13 days  per year).   This  same  frequency was  adopted for  children  (aged  1-6),
assuming they would most likely be accompanied by an adult. For adolescents (aged 7-18), who
are not as likely to be accompanied by an adult, it was assumed their  recreational frequency was
three-fold greater than the adult/child frequency (i.e., 39 days per year).  The  RME  values were
reduced by 50% for the central tendency exposure calculations.

       Exposure  Duration  (ED).   The  RME  exposure duration for sediment  ingestion in
recreational scenarios is 41 years, and the central tendency value is 11  years, which correspond to
the 95lh and 50th percentiles, respectively, of the residence duration determined for the six Mid-
Hudson counties.  The RME exposure duration is 6 years for children, 12 years for  adolescents,
and 23 years for adults (summing to 41 years), and the central tendency exposure duration is 3
years for children, 3 years for adolescents, and 5 years for adults (which sum to 11 years).  Note
that  these values  are based  on U.S. Census Bureau  data  for the  six counties (i.e.,  Albany,
Columbia, Dutchess, Greene, Rensselaer, and Ulster)  and are somewhat greater  than values
determined from nationwide statistics which indicate 30 years is the 95th  percentile and 9 years is
the 50th percentile residence duration at one location (USEPA, 1989b, and USEPA, 1997c).
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       Body Weight (BW).  Age-specific body weights were used.  The mean body weight for
 children aged 1 to 6 is 15 kg, the mean body weight for adolescents aged 7-18 is 43 kg, and the
 mean adult body weight is 70 kg (USEPA, 1989b).

       Averaging Time (AT).   For all recreational exposure calculations, a  70-year lifetime
 averaging time of 25,550 days (365 days x 70 years) was used for cancer evaluations (USEPA,
 1989a).  Non-cancer averaging times are equal  to the exposure duration multiplied  by 365
 days/year (USEPA,  1989b, and USEPA, 1997c).

 2.4.3  Dermal Contact with Sediment

       For the sediment dermal contact, absorbed doses are used.  Dermal intake (the amount
 absorbed into the body) is calculated as:

              T   ,      ,,,_,,   Csed x DA x AF x SA x EF x ED x CF
              ln,aked«-(mg/kg-d)=  ~ -          -
where:
       CSed   =     Concentration PCBs in sediment (mg/kg)
       DA   =     Dermal absorption fraction (unitless)
       AF   =     Sediment/skin adherence factor (mg/cm2)
       SA   =     Skin surface area exposed (cm2/exposure event),
       EF   =     Exposure frequency (exposure events/year)
       ED   =     Exposure duration (years)
       CF   =     Conversion factor (10"6kg/mg)
       BW   =     Body weight (kg)
       AT   =     Averaging time (days)

       Exposure factor values for the central tendency and RME point estimate calculations for
this pathway are summarized  in Tables 2-20  through 2-22.  Site-specific considerations in
selecting these factors are discussed below.

       PCB Concentration in Sediment (Csed).   As described above, the central tendency point.
estimates used for PCB concentration in sediment are 0.61,  0.61, and 0.59 mg/kg for children,
adolescents, and adults, respectively.  The RME point estimates are 0.58, 0.52, and 0.45 mg/kg
for children, adolescents, and adults, respectively (see Table 2-9).

       Dermal Absorption Fraction (DA). The dermal absorption fraction represents the amount
of a chemical in contact with skin that is absorbed through  the skin and into the bloodstream.
The dermal  absorption rate of  14% used in this HHRA is  based on the in  vivo percutaneous
absorption of PCBs from soil by rhesus monkeys (Wester et ai, 1993).

       Soil/Skin Adherence Factor (AF). The sediment adherence values for the risk assessment
were obtained from USEPA' s March 1999 Draft Dermal Risk Assessment Guidance (USEPA,
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1999f), which among other studies, relies upon data published by Kissel et al. (1998). The 50th
percentile sediment/skin adherence factor for children is 0.2 mg/cm2, and 0.3 mg/cm2 for adults
(USEPA,  1999f), as discussed in more detail in the Upper Hudson HHRA. These adherence
factors are for children playing in wet soil, and adults whose soil loadings  were measured for
reed gathering activities.  These activities, which represent  active  contact  with soil; are
appropriate surrogates for activities where Mid-Hudson River recreators may contact sediment.
The soil adherence factor for adolescents was taken as the midpoint between the child and  adult
factors.

       Skin Surface Area Exposed (SA).  For children and adolescents, the mean  surface area of
hands, forearms, lower legs, feet, and face were calculated by multiplying the total body surface
area (averaged between  males and females) by the  percentage of total body surface area that
make up the relevant body parts (USEPA, 1997c).  For children, the mean  surface area of the
hands, forearms, lower legs, feet, and face is 2,792 cm2 (using data for the category 6<7  years);
for adolescents, the mean surface area of the hands, forearms, lower legs, feet, and face is 4,263
cm2 (for age 12 years); the mean surface area of adult hands, forearms, lower legs, feet, and face
is 6,073 cm2 (USEPA, 1997c).

       Exposure Frequency (EF). As described above, there are no site-specific data to provide
an indication of the likely frequency of recreational activities along the  Mid-Hudson River, nor
do  general population studies exist that provide usable information.  The exposure frequency
factors (Tables 2-20 through 2-22)  for dermal contact are the same  as those for incidental
ingestion described in the preceding section.

       Exposure Duration (ED). As explained in the previous section, the exposure duration for
sediment dermal contact in recreational scenarios is 41 years, and the central tendency value is 11
years, which correspond to the 95th and 50th percentiles, respectively, of the residence  duration
determined for the six  Mid-Hudson counties.

       Body Weight (BW).  Age-specific  body weights were used.  The mean body weight for
children aged 1 to 6 is 15 kg, the mean body weight for adolescents aged 7-18 is 43 kg, and the
mean adult body weight is 70 kg (USEPA, 1989a).

       Averaging  Time  (AT).   For all recreational exposure calculations, a 70-year  lifetime
averaging time of 25,550 days (365 days  x 70 years) was used for cancer evaluations (USEPA,
1989a).  Non-cancer  averaging times are equal to the exposure  duration multiplied  by 365
days/year (USEAP, 1989b and USEPA, 1997c).
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 2.4.4   Dermal Contact with River Water

        For the river water dermal contact pathway, dermal intake (the amount absorbed into the
 body) is calculated as:

                                      Cw xKxSAxDExEFxEDxCF
               Intake_(mg/kg-d)=
  where:

       Cw    =      Concentration of PCBs in water (mg/1)
       Kp    =      Chemical-specific dermal permeability constant (cm/hr)
       SA    =      Skin surface area exposed (cm2)
       DE    =      Duration of event (hr/d)
       EF    =      Exposure frequency (d/year)
       ED    =      Exposure duration (years)
       CF    =      Con version factor (10"3L/cm3)
       BW   =      Body weight (kg)
       AT    =      Averaging time (days)

       Exposure factor values for the central tendency and RME point estimate calculations for
this  pathway are summarized in Tables 2-23 through 2-25.  Site-specific considerations in
selecting these factors are discussed below.

       PCB Concentrations in River  Water (Cw).   As described in Section 2.3.3, the central
tendency point estimates used for PCB concentration in the water column are 1.6 x 10"5, 1.6 x 10"
5, and 1.5 x 10~5 mg/L, for children, adolescents,  and adults, respectively.   The RME point
estimates  are 1.4 x  10~5,  1.2 x 10~5,  and 9.2 x 10"6 mg/L, for children, adolescents, and adults,
respectively (Table 2-10).

       Permeability Constant (Kp).  In  the absence of experimental measurements for the dermal
permeability constant for PCBs, it  was estimated  to  be 0.48 cm/hr  based on  the value for
hexachlorobiphenyls reported in  the 1999 Draft Dermal Risk Assessment Guidance (USEPA,
1999f).

       Skin Surface Area Exposed (SA). As  a conservative estimate of possible exposure, 100%
of the full-body surface  area was assumed to come into contact with river water.  The surface
areas for adults, adolescents, and children, respectively  are:  18,150 cm2, 13,100 cm2, and 6,880
cm2 (USEPA, 1997c).

       Duration of Event (DE).  For all recreator scenarios,  2.6 hours/day was used as the river
water dermal exposure  time, which is the  national average duration for a swimming event
(USEPA, 1989b).
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       Exposure Frequency (EF).  As described above, there are no site-specific data to provide
an indication of the likely frequency of recreational activities along the Mid-Hudson River, nor
do general  population studies exist that  provide usable information.  The exposure frequency
factors (Tables 2-23 through 2-25) for dermal contact with water while swimming are the same
as those for incidental ingestion and dermal contact with sediments described in the proceeding
sections.

       Exposure Duration (ED). As described in the previous sections, the exposure duration
for river water dermal contact in recreational scenarios is 41 years, and the central tendency value
is 11  years, which correspond to the 95th and 50th percentiles,  respectively, of the residence
duration determined for the six Mid-Hudson counties.

       Body Weight (BW).  Age-specific body weights were used. The mean body weight for
children aged 1 to 6 is 15 kg, the mean body weight for adolescents aged 7-18 is 43 kg, and the
mean adult body weight is 70 kg (USEPA, 1989a).

       Averaging Time  (AT).   For  all recreational exposure calculations, a 70-year lifetime
averaging time of 25,550 days (365 days x 70 years) was used for cancer evaluations (USEPA,
1989a).  Non-cancer averaging times are equal to the exposure duration multiplied by 365
days/year (USEPA, 1989b, and USEPA, 1997c).

2.4.5   Ingestion of River Water

       For the river water ingestion pathway, intake is calculated as:

                                      C,, xlflxEFxED
              Intak£ water (mg / kg - d) =
                    waterv „   „   .        BW X AT
  where:

       Cw     =     Concentration of PCBs in water (mg/L)
       IR     =     Ingestion rate (L/d)
       EF     =     Exposure frequency (d/year)
       ED    =     Exposure duration (years)
       BW    =     Body weight (kg)
       AT    =     Averaging time (days)

       Exposure factor values for the central tendency and RME point estimate calculations for
this  pathway  are summarized in Tables 2-26  through  2-28.  Site-specific considerations in
selecting these factors are discussed below.

       PCB Concentrations in River  Water (Cw).   As described  in Section 2.3.3, the central
tendency point estimates used for PCB concentration in the water column are  1.6 x 10"5,

                                           20                   TAMS/Gradient Corporation

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1.6 x 10"5, and 1.5 x 10"5 mg/L, for children, adolescents, and adults, respectively.  The RME
point estimates are  1.4 x 10~5,  1.2 x 10"5, and 9.2 x 10~6 mg/L, for children, adolescents, and
adults, respectively (Table 2-10).

       Ingestion Rate (IR). For the residential scenarios, the 90th percentile and mean drinking
water ingestion rates of 2.3 L/day and  1.4 L/day, respectively, were used for adults  and
adolescents to represent RME and central tendency exposures.  Similarly the 90th percentile and
mean drinking water ingestion rates of 1.5 L/day and 0.9 L/day were used to represent RME and
central tendency exposures for children (USEPA, 1997c).

       Exposure Frequency (EF).  An exposure frequency of 350 days/year was assumed  for
residents of all ages (USEPA, 1991b).

       Exposure Duration (ED).  As described in the previous  sections, the exposure duration
for river water is 41  years, and  the central tendency value is 11 years, which correspond to  the
95th and 50th percentiles, respectively,  of the residence duration determined for the six Mid-
Hudson counties.

       Body Weight  (BW). Age-specific body weights  were used.  The mean body weight  for
children aged 1 to 6 is 15 kg, the mean body weight for adolescents aged 7-18 is 43 kg, and  the
mean adult body weight is 70 kg (USEPA, 1989a).

       Averaging Time  (AT).  For  all residential  exposure calculations, a 70-year lifetime
averaging time of 25,550 days (365 days x 70 years) was used for cancer evaluations (USEPA,
1989a,b).  Non-cancer averaging times are equal to the exposure duration multiplied by  365
days/year (USEPA, 1989b and 1997c).
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                  22                TAMS/ Gradient Corporation

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Chapter 3

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3      Toxicity Assessment

       Potential  non-cancer health hazards and cancer risks  posed by exposure to  PCBs  are
discussed using the most current USEPA toxicity values, which are summarized in Tables  3-1
and 3-2 and discussed briefly below. The reader is referred to  Chapter 4 and Appendix C of the
Upper Hudson HHRA for a thorough discussion of PCB toxicity and the toxicological profile.

3.1    Non-cancer Toxicity Values

       The chronic RfD represents  an estimate of a  daily exposure level for the human
population, including sensitive subpopulations, that are likely to be without an appreciable risk of
deleterious  effects  during a lifetime.  The IRIS database provides oral RfDs for two  Aroclor
mixtures, Aroclor 1016 (USEPA, 1999a) and Aroclor 1254 (USEPA, 1999b). The oral  RfD for
Aroclor 1016 is 0.00007 (7 x 10"5) mg/kg-day, and for Aroclor 1254 is 0.00002 (2 x 10"5) (Table
3-D-

       The PCB homologue distribution of  sediment  and  water  samples is  predominately
dichloro- through pentachlorobiphenyls, as reported in the Hudson River Data Evaluation and
Interpretation Report (USEPA, 1997a). This distribution is more similar to Aroclor 1016 than to
Aroclor 1254. Therefore, for the purposes of this HHRA, the Aroclor 1016 oral RfD (7 x 10'5
mg/kg-day) was used to evaluate non-cancer toxicity for ingestion and dermal contact  with Mid-
Hudson River sediment and water.

       The PCB  homologue distribution in fish differs from the sediment and water samples due
to  differential bioaccumulation of PCB congeners with higher chlorination levels.  Trichloro-
through hexachlorobiphenyls contribute to the majority of fish tissue PCB mass as  reported in the
Baseline Modeling Report (USEPA, 1999d).  This distribution is more similar to Aroclor 1254
than to Aroclor  1016.  Therefore, for the  purposes of this HHRA, the  Aroclor 1254 oral RfD
(2  x 10'5 mg/kg-day) was used to evaluate non-cancer toxicity for ingestion of Mid-Hudson River
fish.

3.2    PCB Cancer Toxicity

       The Cancer Slope Factor, or CSF, is a plausible upper bound estimate of carcinogenic
potency used to  calculate risk from exposure  to carcinogens, by relating estimates of lifetime
average chemical intake to the  incremental  risk of  an  individual developing  cancer over a
lifetime.  In IRIS, both upper-bound and central-estimate CSFs are listed for three different tiers
of PCB mixtures (USEPA, 1999c). Consistent with  the recommended values in IRIS,  the first
tier upper-bound and central-estimate CSFs of 2.0 and 1.0 (mg/kg-day)"1 are used to evaluate
cancer risks for the upper-bound and central-estimate exposures to PCBs via ingestion  of Mid-
Hudson River fish, ingestion of Mid-Hudson  River  sediments, and dermal contact  with Mid-
Hudson River sediments (Table 3-2).  The second tier upper-bound and central-estimate  CSFs of
0.4 and 0.3 (mg/kg-day)"1 are used to evaluate cancer risks  for the upper-bound and central-
                                          23                   T'AMS/Gradient Corporation

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estimate exposures to PCBs via ingestion and dermal contact with  Mid-Hudson River water
(Table 3-2).  It should be noted that the PCB concentration in Hudson River water is significantly
below the MCL. Recently, Kimbrough et al. (1999) published the results of an epidemiological
study of mortality in workers from two General Electric Company capacitor manufacturing plants
in New York State. In September 1999, two Letters to the Editor regarding the Kimbrough et al.
(1999) study and  a response from  Kimbrough et al.  were  published  in the  Journal  of
Occupational and  Environmental Medicine.  Due to the limitations  of the Kimbrough et al.
(1999) study identified by USEPA and  others, USEPA expects  that the findings  of  the
Kimbrough et al. (1999) study will not lead to any change in its CSFs  for PCBs, which were last
reassessed by USEPA in 1996 (USEPA, 1996).
                                          24                   TAMS/Gradient Corporation

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Chapter 4

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4     Risk Characterization

       Risk characterization is the final step of the risk assessment process, which combines the
information from the Exposure Assessment and Toxicity Assessment steps to yield estimated
cancer risks and non-cancer hazards from exposure to PCBs.   A detailed evaluation of the
uncertainties underlying the risk  assessment process is presented in Section 5.3 of the Upper
Hudson HHRA. This risk characterization was prepared in accordance with USEPA guidance on
risk characterization (USEPA, 1995; USEPA, 1992).

       As described in the Upper Hudson  HHRA, some PCB congeners are considered to be
structurally similar to dioxin and have been termed "dioxin-like" congeners.  A risk analysis for
dioxin-like PCB congeners was not performed in the Mid-Hudson HHRA because the findings of
the Upper Hudson HHRA showed that risks from  the  dioxin-like PCB  congeners  are
approximately equivalent to risks from total PCBs.  It is expected that a similar finding would
hold for the Mid-Hudson River,  and in light of the lower concentration of PCBs  in the Mid-
Hudson River, risks for dioxin-like PCB  congeners were not  evaluated in the Mid-Hudson
HHRA.

4.1    Non-cancer Hazard Indices
       The evaluation of non-cancer health  effects  involves a comparison  of average daily
exposure levels  with established Reference  Doses  (RfDs) to determine whether estimated
exposures exceed recommended limits to protect against chronic adverse health hazards. A more
detailed explanation of non-cancer hazard indices can be found in the Upper Hudson HHRA.

       The hazard quotient  is calculated by dividing the  estimated average daily oral dose
estimates by the oral RfD as follows (USEPA,  1989b):

                    , ^    •    ,,,™   Average Daily Dose (me I kg - day}            rA .,
              Hazard Quotient (HQ) =	—-—	—            [4-1 ]
                                            RfD (mg I kg - day)

       RME and central tendency hazard quotients calculated for each exposure pathway (fish
ingestion, sediment, and water exposure pathways) are summarized in Tables 4-1 through 4-10.
Hazard  Quotients  are  summed  over  all COPCs  (chemicals  of potential concern) and  all
applicable exposure routes to determine the total Hazard Index  (HI).  In this HHRA, PCBs are
the COPCs and the HQ for PCBs is equivalent to the HI. The total RME and central tendency
Hazard Indices for each pathway and receptor are summarized in Tables 4-21 through 4-27.

       If a Hazard Index is greater than one (i.e.,  HIM), unacceptable exposures may  be
occurring, and there may be concern for potential non-cancer effects, although the relative value
of an HI above one (1) cannot be translated into an estimate of the severity of the health hazard.
Ingestion of fish results in the highest Hazard Indices, with an HI of 3 for the central tendency
estimate, and an HI  of 30  for the high-end  estimate, both representing exposures above the

                                          25                   TAMS/Gradient Corporation

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reference level (HIM).  Note that as discussed earlier, the average daily dose decreases as the
exposure duration increases, so the average concentration over a 7-year exposure period (used as
the high-end estimate in this HHRA) is greater than the average concentration over the RME
duration of 40 years.  Even if the average concentration over a 40-year exposure period is used
(i.e., 0.8 ppm instead of 1.3 ppm), a hazard index of 18 results, which is above the reference level
of 1.  In addition, if it is assumed that  a child's meal portion is approximately 1/3 of an  adult
portion, then the RME child risk for ingestion of fish would be 10. Furthermore, Total Hazard
Indices   for the  recreational  (wading  and  swimming)  and residential exposure pathways
(consuming river water) are all below one. In all cases, the Hazard Indices are based on uniform
exposure throughout the Mid-Hudson River.

4.2    Cancer Risks
       Cancer risks are  characterized as the  incremental  increase in the probability that  an
individual will develop cancer during his or her lifetime due  to site-specific exposure.  The
quantitative assessment of carcinogenic risks involves the evaluation  of lifetime average daily
dose and application of toxicity factors reflecting the carcinogenic potency of the chemical.  A
more detailed explanation of cancer risks can be found in the Upper Hudson HHRA.

       The cancer risk is calculated by multiplying the estimated lifetime average daily oral dose
estimates by the oral slope factor as follows (USEPA, 1989b):

                                  (         \        (        V'
              Cancer Risk = Intake     m§    \xCSF\   mg                          [4-2]
                                  {kg-day)        {kg-day)

       RME and central tendency cancer risk estimates calculated for each exposure pathway
(fish ingestion, recreational and residential exposure pathways)  are summarized in Tables 4-11
through 4-20.  Total cancer risks are summed over all applicable exposure routes and exposure
periods (child through adult). The total RME and central tendency cancer risks for each pathway
are summarized in Tables 4-21 through 4-27.

       Ingestion of fish results in the highest cancer risks, 9.3 x 10"6 (9.3 additional cancers in a
population of one  million)  for  the  central  tendency estimate, and 4.2 x 10"4 (4.2 additional
cancers in a population of ten-thousand) for  the high-end estimate. If it is assumed that a child
meal portion is approximately 1/3 of an adult portion, then the  RME child risk for ingestion of
fish is approximately 1.4  x 10"4.

       For known  or suspected carcinogens,  acceptable  exposure  levels  for  Superfund are
generally concentration levels that represent  an incremental upper-bound lifetime cancer risk to
an RME individual of 10"4 to  10'6 (USEPA, 1990). The cancer risk associated with RME fish
ingestion results falls within the upper bound of the cancer risk range generally allowed under the
federal Superfund law. Estimated cancer risks for all  other exposure pathways are insignificant
                                            26                   1 MAS/Gradient Corporation

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(i.e., below 10~6).  In all cases, the cancer risks are based on uniform exposure throughout the
Mid-Hudson River.
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                   28                TAMS/Gradient Corporation

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References

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References
Ambruster, G., K.G. Gerow, W.H. Gutenmann, C.B. Littman, and D.J. Lisk.  1987.  The effects
of several methods of fish preparation on residues of polychlorinated biphenyls and sensory
characteristics in striped bass. Journal of Food Safety 8:235-243.

Barclay, B.   1993.   "Hudson River Angler Survey."   Hudson  River Sloop Clearwater, Inc.,
Poughkeepsie, New York.

Connelly, N.A., B.A.  Knuth, and C.A. Bisogni.  1992.  Effects of the Health Advisory Changes
on Fishing Habits and Fish Consumption in New York Sport Fisheries.   Human Dimension
Research Unit, Department of Natural Resources, New York State, College of Agriculture and
Life Sciences, Fernow Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Report for the New York Sea
Grant  Institute  Project  No.  R/FHD-2-PD, September.  (Raw survey  data  also received
electronically from study authors.)

Farley, K., R. Thomann,  T. Cooney, D. Damiani, and J. Wands.  1999. An Integrated Model of
Organic Chemical Fate  and  Bioaccumulation in the  Hudson River Estuary.   Environmental
Engineering Department, Manhattan College. March.

Jackson, J.  1990. Characterization of Angler Activity on the Hudson River Estuary, A Report of
the 1990 Tibor T. Polgar  Fellowship Program. Cornell University (Advisor Dr. D.M. Green).

Kimbrough, R.D., M.L.  Doemland, and M.E. LeVois.  1999.   Mortality in male  and  female
capacitor workers  exposed  to  polychlorinated biphenyls.   J  Occupational  Environmental
Medicine 41 (3): 161-171.

Kissel, J.C., J.H. Shirai,  K.Y. Richter, and R.A. Feske. 1998.  Investigation of dermal contact
with soil in controlled trials. J. of Soil Contamin. 7(6):737-752.

Moya, J., K.G. Garrahan, T.M. Poston, G.S. Durell. 1998.  Effects of cooking on levels of PCBs
in the fillets of winter flounder. Bull. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol. 60:845-851.

New York State Department of  Health (NYSDOH).   1999a   1999-2000 Health  Advisories:
Chemicals in Game and Sportfish. http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/environ/fish.htm

New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH).  1999b. Health Consultation:  1996  Survey
of Hudson River Anglers, Hudson Falls to Tappan Zee Bridge at Tarrytown,  New  York.
February. (Raw survey data received  electronically from Edward Horn  of NYSDOH in June,
1998.)

U.S. Census Bureau.   1990.  County-to-County Migration Flow  Files — 1990  Census  of
Population and Housing: In-Migration (CD90-MIG-01). Special Project 312. U.S.  Department
of Commerce Bureau of the Census.

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U.S. Environmental Protection  Agency (USEPA).  1978.  40  C.F.R. Part 761,  Subpart B
(Manufacturing, Processing, Distribution in Commerce, and Use of PCBs and PCB Items).

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).  1984.  Record of Decision for the Hudson
River PCBs Site. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York, New York.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1989a. Exposure Factors Handbook. Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC. EPA/600/8-89/043, July.

U.S. Environmental Protection  Agency (USEPA).   1989b.   Risk  Assessment Guidance for
Superfund (RAGS), Volume I.  Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part A). USEPA, Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, D.C. USEPA/540/1-89/002, December.

U.S. Environmental Protection  Agency  (USEPA).    1990.   National  Oil and  Hazardous
Substances Pollution Contingency Plan, Final Rule, codified as amended at 40 C.F.R. Part 300.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency  (USEPA).    199la.   Phase 1  Report  - Interim
Characterization and Evaluation, Hudson River PCB Reassessment RI/FS. Prepared for USEPA
Region n by TAMS Consultants, Inc. and Gradient Corporation. USEPA, Region n, New York,
New York.

U.S. Environmental Protection  Agency (USEPA).   199Ib  "Risk assessment guidance for
Superfund. Volume I: Human health evaluation manual - Supplemental Guidance: Standard
default exposure factors."   Office  of Emergency and Remedial Response (Washington,  DC).
OSWER Directive 9285.6-03; NTIS PB91-921314. 20p. March 25, 1991.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).  1992.  "Guidance on Risk Characterization
for  Risk  Managers  and  Risk  Assessors."  Memorandum  from F. Henry Habicht,  in Deputy
Administrator to Assistant Administrators and Regional  Administrators.  USEPA, Office  of the
Administrator, Washington, DC., March 1992.

U.S. Environmental Protection  Agency (USEPA).   1995.   "USEPA  Risk Characterization
Program." Memorandum  from  Administrator Carol  M. Browner to Assistant Administrators,
Associate Administrators, Regional Administrators, General Counsel and Inspector General on
March 21, 1995, Washington, D.C.

U.S. Environmental Protection  Agency (USEPA).  1996.   PCBs:  Cancer Dose-Response
Assessment and Application to  Environmental Mixtures.  National Center for Environmental
Assessment, Office of Research and Development. Washington, D.C.  September.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).   1997a. Volume 2C - Data Evaluation and
Interpretation Report, Hudson River PCBs  Reassessment RI/FS. Developed for the USEPA and
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by TAMS Consultants,  Inc., The Cadmus Group, Inc. and
Gradient Corporation. USEPA, Region II, New York, New York.

                                        30                  TAMS/Gradient Corporation

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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).   1997b.   "Risk Assessment Guidance for
Superfund (RAGS) Volume  I -  Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part D,  Standardized
Planning, Reporting and Review of Superfund Risk Assessments)."  Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC, OSWER Publication #9285.7-010-1.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1997c.  Exposure Factors Handbook, Volume
I-  Office of Research and Development, USEPA/600/P-95/002Fa, August.

U.S. Environmental Protection  Agency  (USEPA).   1998.   Risk  Assessment Guidance for
Superfund:   Volume I Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part D,  Standardized Planning,
Reporting, and Review of Superfund Risk Assessments - Interim.  Office  of Emergency and
Remedial     Response,     Washington,     DC.     January.     Downloaded     from
www.epa.gov/superfund/oerr/techres/ragsd/.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1999a.  "Integrated Risk Information System
Chemical File for Aroclor 1016."  National Center  for Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati,
Ohio.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1999b.  "Integrated Risk Information System
Chemical File for Aroclor 1254."  National Center  for Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati,
Ohio.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1999c.  "Integrated Risk Information System
Chemical File for Polychlorinated Biphenyls." National Center for Environmental  Assessment,
Cincinnati, Ohio.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).  1999d. Volume 2D - Baseline Modeling
Report, Hudson River  PCBs Reassessment RI/FS. Developed for the  USEPA and U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers  by  Limno-Tech, Inc., Menzie Cura & Associates, Inc. and Tetra-Tech, Inc.
USEPA, Region H, New York, New York.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).  1999e   "Integrated Risk Information System
Chemical File for Aroclor 1248."  National Center  for Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati,
Ohio.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).   1999f.   "Risk Assessment Guidance for
Superfund Volume  I - Human Health Evaluation Manual  Supplemental Guidance Dermal Risk
Assessment Interim  Guidance." Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
March, 1999. Draft.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).  1999g.  Volume 2F - Human  Health Risk
Assessment, Hudson River PCBs Reassessment RI/FS. Developed for the USEPA and U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers. USEPA, Region n, New York, New York. August.
                                         31                   TAMS/Gradient Corporation

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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).  1999h. Volume 2E-A Baseline Ecological
Risk  Assessment  for  Future Risks in the Lower Hudson  River. Hudson  River  PCBs
Reassessment RI/FS. Developed for the  USEPA and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. USEPA,
Region n, New York, New York. December.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2000. Volume 2D Revised Baseline Modeling
Report, Hudson River PCBs Reassessment RI/FS. Developed for the USEPA and U.S.  Army
Corps of Engineers by Limno-Tech, Inc., Menzie  Cura & Associates, Inc. and Tetra-Tech, Inc.
USEPA, Region n, New York, New York. January 2000. In Preparation.

Wester,  R.C., H.I. Maibach,  L. Sedik,  J. Melendres, and  M. Wade.  1993.  Percutaneous
absorption of PCBs from soil: In vivo Rhesus Monkey, in vitro human skin, and binding to
powdered human stratum corneum.  /. of Toxicology and Environ. Health 39:375-382.
                                         32                   TAMS/Gradient Corporation

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Tables

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                                                                                                               TABLE 2-1
                                                                                     SELECTION OF EXPOSURE PATHWAYS - Phase 2 Risk Assessment
                                                                                                           MID-HUDSON RIVER
Scenario
Timetrame
Current/Future
































Source
Medium
Fish
Sediment






River Water
















Home-grown
Crops


Beel


Dairy Products


Exposure
Medium
Fish
Sediment






Drinking Water



River Water



Outdoor Air








Vegetables


Beef


Milk, eggs


Exposure
Point
Mid-Hudson Fish
Banks of Mid-Hudson






Mid-Hudson River



Mid-Hudson River
(wading/swimming)



Mid-Hudson River (River
and near vicinity)








Mid-Hudson vicinity


Mid-Hudson vicinity


Mid-Hudson vicinity


Receptor
Population
Angler
Recreator






Resident



Recreator



Recreator




Resident



Resident


Resident


Resident


Receptor
Age
Adult
Adult

Adolescent

Child


Adult

Adolescent
Child
Adult
Adolescent
Child

Adult

Adolescent
Child

Adull

Adolescent
Child
Adult
Adolescent
Child
Adult
Adolescent
Child
Adult
Adolesce ni
Child
Exposure
Route
Ingest! on
Ingestion
Dermal
Ingestion
Dermal
Ingestion
Dermal

Ingestion

Ingestion
Ingestion
Dermal
Dermal
Dermal

Inhalation

Inhalation
Inhalation

Inhalation

Inhalation
Inhalalion
Ingeslion
Ingestion
Ingeslion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
On-Site/
Oft-Site
On-Site
On-Site
On-Site
On-Site
On-Site
On-Site
On-Site

On-Site

On-Site
On-Sita
On-Site
On-Site
On-Site

On-Site

On-Site
On-Site

On-Site

On-Site
On-Site
On-Site
On-Site
On-Site
On-Site
On-Site
On-Site
On-Site
On-Site
On-Site
Type of
Analysis
Quant
Quant
Quant
Quant
Quant
Quant
Quant

Quant

Quant
Quant
Quant
Quant
Quant

dual

Qual
Qual

Qual

Qual
Qual
Qual
Qual
Qual
Qual
Qual
Qual
Qual
Qual
Oual
Rationale for Selection or Exclusion
of Exposure Pathway
PCBs have been widely detected in fish.
Recreators may ingest or otherwise come In contact with contaminated river
sediment while engaging in recreational activities along the river.





Considered in Phase 1 Risk Assessment and determined to have de minimus
risk. Included to address public concerns. Other potable pathways not
evaluated based on risks/hazards found through Ingestion being less than
EPA Risk Range.


Recreators may come In contact with contaminated river water while wading
or swimmming.


Considered In Phase 2 Upper Hudson River HHRA and determined to have
insignificant nsh( le.de minimus) . Concentrations In Upper Hudson River
approximately four times higher than Mid-Hudson region; therefore, not
evaluated further in this HHRA


Considered in Phase 2 Upper Hudson River HHRA and determined to have
insignificant risk ( i.e. de minimus). Concentrations In Upper Hudson River
approximately four times higher than Mid-Hudson region; therefore, not
evaluated further In this HHRA.


Limited data; studies show low PCS uptake In forage crops. Qualitatively
assessed In Upper Hudson River HHRA.


Limited data; studies show non-detect PCS levels in cow's milk in NY.
Qualitatively assessed in Upper Hudson River HHRA.


Limited data; studies show non-detect PCB levels in cow's milk in NY.
Qualitatively assessed in Upper Hudson River HHRA.


                "Quant" = Quantitative risk analysis performed. "Qual' = Qualitative analysis performed.
\B708fl76\MU-Hudson\
Ragstbts.xls\lbl2-l ) 2/28/99
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Gradient Corporation

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                                                                                                         TABLE 2-2
                                                                    OCCURRENCE. DISTRIBUTION AND SELECTION OF CHEMICALS OF POTENTIAL CONCERN
                                                                                                 MID-HUDSON RIVER - Fish
            Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
            Medium: Fish
            Exposure Medium: Fish
            Exposure Point: Mid-Hudson Fish
CAS
Number


1336-36-3
Chemical



PCBs (3)
(D
Minimum
Concentration


0.1
Minimum
Qualifier


N/A
(D
Maximum
Concentration


2.9
Maximum
Qualifier


N/A
Units



mg/kg wet
weight
Location
of Maximum
Concentration

N/A
Detection
Frequency


N/A
Range of
Detection
Limits

N/A
Concentration
Used for
Screening

N/A
Background
Value


N/A
Screening
Toxicrty Value


N/A
Potential
ARAR/TBC
Value

N/A
Potential
ARAR/TBC
Source

N/A
COPC
Flag


Yes
(2)
Rationale for
Contaminant
Deletion
or Selection
FD, TX, ASL
(1)  Minimum/maximum modeled concentration between 1999-2067 (USEPA, 1999d).
(2)  Rationale Codes   Selection Reason:     Infrequent Detection but Associated Historically (HIST)
                                         Frequent Detection (FD)
                                         Toxicity Information Available (TX)
                                         Above Screening Levels (ASL)
                     Deletion Reason:     Infrequent Detection (IFD)
                                         Background Levels (BKG)
                                         No Toxicity Information (NTX)
                                         Essential Nutrient (NUT)
                                         Below Screening Level (BSL)
(3)  Occurrence and distribution of PCBs in fish were modeled, not measured (USEPA, 1999d).
Definitions:     N/A = Not Applicable
              SOL = Sample Quantiiation Limit
              COPC = Chemical of Potential Concern
              ARAR/TBC = Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirement/To Be Considered
              MCL = Federal Maximum Contaminant Level
              SWCL = Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level
              J = Estimated Value
              C = Carcinogenic
              N = Non-Carcinogenic
  \870B676\Mid-Hudson\
  Ragstbls.xls\tbl2-2 12/28/99
                                                                                                                                                                                                    Gradient Corporation

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                                                                                                      TABLE 2-3
                                                                  OCCURRENCE, DISTRIBUTION AND SELECTION OF CHEMICALS OF POTENTIAL CONCERN
                                                                                             MID-HUDSON RIVER - Sediment
            Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
            Medium: Sediment
            Exposure Medium: Sediment
            Exposure Point: Banks ol Mid-Hudson

CAS
Number


1336-36-3

Chemical



PCBs (3)
(D
Minimum
Concentration


0.14

Minimum
Qualifier


N/A
(D
Maximum
Concentration


0.62

Maximum
Qualifier


N/A

Units



mg/kg

Location
of Maximum
Concentration

N/A

Detection
Frequency


N/A

Range of
Detection
Limits

N/A

Concentration
Used for
Screening

N/A

Background
Value


N/A

Screening
Toxicity Value


N/A

Potential
ARAFVTBC
Value

N/A

Potential
ARAR/TBC
Source

N/A

COPC
Rag


Yes
(2)
Rationale for
Contaminant
Deletion
or Selection
FD, TX, ASL
(1)  Minimum/maximum segment-averaged modeled concentration between 1999-2067 (USEPA, 1999d).
(2)  Rationale Codes  Selection Reason:     Infrequent Detection but Associated Historically (HIST)
                                         Frequent Detection (FD)
                                         Toxicity Information Available (TX)
                                         Above Screening Levels (ASL)
                      Deletion Reason:     Infrequent Detection (IFD)
                                         Background Levels (BKG)
                                         No Toxicity Information (NTX)
                                         Essential Nutrient (NUT)
                                         Below Screening Level (BSL)
(3)  Occurrence and distribution of PCBs in sediment were modeled, not measured (USEPA, 1999d).
Definitions:     N/A = Not Applicable
              SQL = Sample Quantitation Limit
              COPC = Chemical of Potential Concern
              ARAR/TBC = Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirement/To Be Considered
              MCL = Federal Maximum Contaminant Level
              SMCL = Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level
              J = Estimated Value
              C = Carcinogenic
              N = Non-Carcinogenic
                                                                                                                                                                                              Gradient Corporation
  \8708676\MkJ-Hudson\
  RagsWs X1SMDI2-3 12/28J99

-------
                                                                                                      TABLE 2-4
                                                                 OCCURRENCE, DISTRIBUTION AND SELECTION OF CHEMICALS OF POTENTIAL CONCERN
                                                                                            MID-HUDSON RIVER - River Water
            Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
            Medium: River Water
            Exposure Medium: River Water
            Exposure Point: Mid-Hudson River

CAS
Number


1336-36-3

Chemical



PCBs (3)
(D
Minimum
Concentration


3.19E-06

Minimum
Qualifier


N/A
(1)
Maximum
Concentration


1 .84E-05

Maximum
Qualifier


N/A

Units



mg/L

Location
of Maximum
Concentration

N/A

Detection
Frequency


N/A

Range of
Detection
Limits

N/A

Concentration
Used for
Screening

N/A

Background
Value


N/A

Screening
Toxicity Value


N/A

Potential
ARAR/TBC
Value

N/A

Potential
ARAR/TBC
Source

N/A

COPC
Rag


Yes
(2)
Rationale for
Contaminant
Deletion
or Selection
FD, TX. ASL
(1)  Minimum/maximum segment-averaged modeled concentration between 1999-2067 (USEPA, 1999d).
(2)  Rationale Codes  Selection Reason:    Infrequent Detection but Associated Historically (HIST)
                                        Frequent Detection (FD)
                                        Toxicity Information Available (TX)
                                        Above Screening Levels (ASL)
                      Deletion Reason:    Infrequent Detection (IFD)
                                        Background Levels (BKG)
                                        No Toxicity Information (NTX)
                                        Essential Nutrient (NUT)
                                        Below Screening Level (BSL)
(3)  Occurrence and distribution of PCBs in river water were modeled, not measured (USEPA, 1999d).
Definitions:     N/A = Not Applicable
              SQL = Sample Quantitation Limit
              COPC = Chemical of Potential Concern
              ARAR/TBC = Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirement/To Be Considered
              MCL = Federal Maximum Contaminant Level
              SMCL = Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level
              J = Estimated Value
              C = Carcinogenic
              N = Non-Carcinogenic
   \8708676\Mid-Hudson\
   RagstHs.xlMbe-4
                                                                                                                                                                                              Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                       Table 2-5
                                      Summary of 1991 New York Angler Survey
                                        Fish Consumption by Species Reported

Water Body Type/
Species Group
Flowing
Bass
Bullhead
Carp
Catfish
Eel
Perch
Subtotal
Salmon
Trout
Walleye
Other
Total A 11 Fish
Not Flowing
Bass
Bullhead
Carp
Catfish
Eel
Perch
Subtotal
Salmon
Trout
Walleye
Other
Total A 11 Fish
Not Reported
Bass
Bullhead
Carp
Catfish
Eel
Perch
Subtotal
Salmon
Trout
Walleye
Other
Total All Fish
Number
Reporting
Eating Fish

68
23
2
11
4
17

35
130
36
45


154
53
4
10
2
51

55
152
112
94


128
55
5
4
5
24

14
148
34
104


Total
Caught

1,842
1,092
[b]
158
38
833
3,963
559
3,099
333
2,871
10,825

3,370
1,200
7
46
2
2,289
6,914
538
2,428
2,292
5,976
18,148

4,006
2,374
16
40
9
338
6,783
139
2,836
389
7,731
17,878

Total
Eaten

584
558
90
113
38
139
1,522
193
1,230
134
1,025
4,104

1,032
634
29
46
3
816
2,560
480
1,400
1,054
2,125
7,619

1,110
1,099
11
17
13
222
2,472
120
1,319
206
2,559
6,676
Average
Number
Eaten ""

8.6
24.3
45.0
10.3
9.5
8.2

5.5
9.5
3.7
22.8


6.7
12.0
7.3
4.6
1.5
16.0

8.7
9.2
9.4
22.6


8.7
20.0
2.2
4.3
2.6
9.3

8.6
8.9
6.1
24.6


Standard
Deviation '"

19.2
61.9
42.4
15.5
10.6
12.5

5.3
15.7
4.2
50.1


12.0
21.5
6.7
6.9
0.7
32.4

15.2
18.3
14.2
58.1


17.0
43.2
1.6
2.8
2.5
21.7

7.3
16.8
8.8
72.2

Maximum
Number
Eaten

145
300
75
50
25
51

25
133
20
200


100
100
14
20
2
200

80
150
75
403


100
225
5
7
7
100

20
157
40
630

Percent of
Hudson
Species

38%
37%
6%
7%
2%
9%
100%






40%
25%
1.1%
1.8%
0.1%
32%
100%






45%
44%
0.4%
0.7%
0.5%
9%
100%






Percent of
All Fish

14%
14%
2%
3%
0.9%
3%
37%
5%
30%
3%
25%
100%

14%
8%
0.4%
0.6%
0.04%
11%
34%
6%
18%
14%
28%
100%

17%
16%
0.2%
0.3%
0.2%
3%
37%
2%
20%
3%
38%
100%
 Notes:
  '"' Mean and Standard Deviation are over number of anglers reporting they ate particular species.
    Number caught not reported.

    Modeled PCB concentration estimates are available for species in Bold
    Source: Connelly et al. (1992)
87<>K(>76\Mid-Hudson\fish
Spcdes-xls. consumption 12/2K/99
                                                                                                     Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                          Table 2-6
                                              Mid-Hudson River Perch and Bass
Species
Perch
Bass
Species
Intake'
9%
38%
Mid-Hudson Species
White Perch
Yellow Perch
Largemouth Bass
Striped Bass
Relative Percentage
Species Caught"
85%
15%
40%
60%
Relative Percentage
Species Intake"
7.6%
1.4%
15%
23%
              '  From 1991 New York Angler Survey (Connelly et ai, 1992), see Table 2-5.
              2  From 1991/92 (Barclay, 1993) and 1996 NYSDOH study of Hudson River anglers (NYSDOH, 1999B).
87l)8676\Mid-HuUscm\fish
Sivcios.xls. ctarwalerl2/2K/'»
                                                                                                         Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                  Table 2-7
                                                      Species-Group Intake Percentages
Group 1
Brown bullhead 37%
Carp 6%
Catfish 7%
Eel 2%
Species Group Totals 52%
Group 2
White Perch 7.6%



7.6%
Group 3
Yellow Perch 1.4%



1.4%
Group 4
Largemouth Bass 15%



15%
Group 5
Striped Bass 23%



23%
        Sources:
        1991 New York Angler Survey (Connelly et al, 1992).
        1991/92 (Barclay, 1993) and 1996 NYSDOH study of Hudson River anglers (NYSDOH, I999B).
87
-------
                                                                                                   TABLE 2-8
                                                                    MEDIUM-SPECIFIC MODELED EXPOSURE POINT CONCENTRATION SUMMARY
                                                                                            MID-HUDSON RIVER FISH
                                           Scenario Timelrame:  Current/Future
                                           jMedium: Fish
                                           Exposure Medium: Fish
                                           [Exposure Point:  Mid-Hudson Fish
Chemical
of
Potential
Concern

PCBs

in Brown Bullhead

in Yellow Perch

in Largemouth Bass

in Striped Bass

in White Perch

Species-weighted (1)

Species-weighted for chronic exposure (2)
Units





mg/kg wet
weight
mg/kg wet
weight
mg/kg wet
weight
mg/kg wet
weight
mg/kg wet
weight
mg/kg wet
weight
mg/kg wet
weight
Arithmetic
Mean (3)





0.6

0.2

0.8

1.2

0.5

0.65

0.65
95% UCL of
Normal
Data




•*

**

•*

••

••




Maximum
Concentration
(3)




1.3

0.5

1.8

2.9

1.4

1.5

1.5
Maximum
Qualifier





N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A
EPC
Units





mg/kg wet weight

mg/kg wet weight

mg/kg wet weight

mg/kg wet weight

mg/kg wet weight

mg/kg wet weight

mg/kg wet weight
Reasonable Maximum Exposure

Medium
EPC
Value


0.8

0.3

0.9

1.4

0.6

0.8

1.3
Medium
EPC
Statistic


Mean-N

Mean-N

Mean-N

Mean-N

Mean-N

Mean-N

Mean-N
Medium
EPC
Rationale

Averaged over RME
ED
Averaged over RME
ED
Averaged over RME
ED
Averaged over RME
ED
Averaged over RME
ED
Averaged over RME
ED
Averaged over RME
ED
Central Tendency

Medium
EPC
Value


1.1

0.4

1.4

2.2

1.0

1.2

1.2
Medium
EPC
Statistic


Mean-N

Mean-N

Mean-N

Mean-N

Mean-N

Mean-N

Mean-N
Medium
EPC
Rationale

Averaged over CT
ED
Averaged over CT
ED
Averaged over CT
ED
Averaged over CT
ED
Averaged over CT
ED
Averaged over CT
ED
Averaged over CT
ED
Statistics: Maximum Detected Value (Max); 95% UCL of Normal Data (957o UCL-N); 95% UCL of Log-transformed Data (95% UCL-T); Mean of Log-transformed Data (Mean-T);
            Mean of Normal Data (Mean-N).
            Not applicable because fish data was modeled, not measured.
ED    =    Exposure Duration
CT    =    Central Tendency
(1)          PCS concentrations for each species were weighted based on species-group intake percentages (Connelly et al., 1992; NYSDOH, 1999) and averaged over the
            central tendency exposure duration (12 years) to calculate the CT EPC, and over the RME exposure duration (40 years) to calculate the RME EPC for cancer risks.
(2)          PCB concentrations for each species were weighted based on species-group intake percentages (Connelly et al., 1992; NYSDOH, 1999) and averaged over the
            central tendency exposure duration (12 years) to calculate the CT EPC, and over the RME exposure duration (7 years) to calculate the RME EPC for non-cancer hazards.
(3)          Mean/maximum modeled concentration between 1999-2067 (USEPA, 1999d).
     \8708676\MJd-Hudson\
     Ragstbls.xlsUW2-8 12/28/99
                                                                                                                                                                                     Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                                      TABLE 2-9
                                                        MEDIUM-SPECIFIC MODELED EXPOSURE POINT CONCENTRATION SUMMARY
                                                                             MID-HUDSON RIVER SEDIMENT
                  Scenario Timeframe:  Current/Future
                  Medium:  Sediment
                  Exposure Medium: Sediment
                  Exposure Point:  Banks of Mid-Hudson
Chemical
of
Potential
Concern

PCBs
Adult
Adolescent
Child
Units



mg/kg



Arithmetic
Mean
(1)


0.3



95% UCLof
Normal
Data


»



Maximum
Concentration
(1)

0.6



Maximum
Qualifier


N/A



EPC
Units


mg/kg



Reasonable Maximum Exposure (2)

Medium
EPC
Value

0.45
0.52
0.58
Medium
EPC
Statistic

Mean-N
Mean-N
Mean-N
Medium
EPC
Rationale

Averaged over RME
ED
Averaged over RME
ED
Averaged over RME
ED
Central Tendency (2)

Medium
EPC
Value

0.59
0.61
0.61
Medium
EPC
Statistic

Mean-N
Mean-N
Mean-N
Medium
EPC
Rationale

Averaged over CT
ED
Averaged over CT
ED
Averaged over CT
ED
Statistics: Maximum Detected Value (Max); 95% UCL of Normal Data (95% UCL-N); 95% UCL of Log-transformed Data (95% UCL-T); Mean of Log-transformed Data (Mean-T);
            Mean of Normal Data (Mean-N).
            Not applicable because sediment data was modeled, not measured.
(1)         Mean/maximum of segment-averaged modeled concentration 1999-2067 (USEPA, !999d).
(2)         EPC values were averaged over 23 yrs RME and 5 yrs CT for adults; 12 yrs RME and 3 yrs CT for adolescents; 6 yrs RME and 3 yrs CT for children; for a total of 41 yrs RME and 11 yrs CT exposure.
                                                                                                                                                               Gradient Corporation
  \870B676\Mid-Hudson\
  Hagslbls.xls\tbl2-9 12/28/99

-------
                                                                                       TABLE 2-10
                                                         MEDIUM-SPECIFIC MODELED EXPOSURE POINT CONCENTRATION SUMMARY
                                                                               MID-HUDSON RIVER WATER
                  Scenario Timeframe:  Current/Future
                  Medium:  River Water
                  Exposure Medium: River Water (Drinking Water Supply)
                  Exposure Point:  Mid-Hudson River	
Chemical
of
Potential
Concern

PCBs
Adult
Adolescent
Child
Units



mg/L



Arithmetic
Mean
(1)


6.1E-06



95% UCL of
Normal
Data


"



Maximum
Concentration
(1)

1.8E-05



Maximum
Qualifier


N/A



EPC
Units


mg/L



Reasonable Maximum Exposure (2)

Medium
EPC
Value

9.2E-06
1.2E-05
1.4E-05
Medium
EPC
Statistic

Mean-N
Mean-N
Mean-N
Medium
EPC
Rationale

Averaged over RME
ED
Averaged over RME
ED
Averaged over RME
ED
Central Tendency (2)

Medium
EPC
Value

1.5E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
Medium
EPC
Statistic

Mean-N
Mean-N
Mean-N
Medium
EPC
Rationale

Averaged over CT
ED
Averaged over CT
ED
Averaged over CT
ED
Statistics: Maximum Detected Value (Max); 95% UCL of Normal Data (95% UCL-N); 95% UCL of Log-transformed Data (95% UCL-T); Mean of Log-transformed Data (Mean-T);
            Mean of Normal Data (Mean-N).
            Not applicable because river water data was modeled, not measured.
(1)         Mean/maximum of segment-averaged modeled concentration 1999-2067 (USEPA, 1999d).
(2)         EPC values were averaged over 23 yrs RME and 5 yrs CT for adults; 12 yrs RME and 3 yrs CT for adolescents; 6 yrs RME and 3 yrs CT for children; for a total of 41 yrs RME and 11 yrs CT exposure.
   \8708676\Mid-Hudson\
   Ragstbls.Jcls\tD12-10 12/28/99
                                                                                                                                                                Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                   Table 2-11
                                          County-to-County In-Migration Data for Albany County, NY

No Move





Move In
Total From
Abroad


Age Group
5 to 9
10 to 14
15 to 19
20 to 24
25 to 29
30 to 34
35 to 44
45 to 54
55 to 64
65 to 74
75 to 84
85+






Total

Outside
Region"

Total from
Outside Region0
Domestic





Inside Region
Total


From
Albany Columbia Dutchess
8,638
10,128
11,284
8,012
5,515
8,196
24,243
20,091
20,764
19,380
10,929
3,670
9,002
6,482
9,642
19,788
18,568
17,658
20,419
7,999
4,837
4,189
2,914
1,746
228
226
236
428
640
558
407
277
97
78
22
0
8,774
6,256
9,406
19,360
17,928
17,100
20,012
7,722
4,740
4,111
2,892
1,746
2,318
1,607
4,983
11,201
6,882
5,691
6,094
2,234
1,271
928
653
367
6,456
4,649
4,423
8,159
11,046
11,409
13,918
5,488
3,469
3,183
2,239
1,379
5,795
4,253
3,713
6,188
9,111
10,256
12,533
4,866
3,099
2,867
1,984
1,227
42
28
45
83
143
86
149
36
34
34
16
13
14
21
133
367
94
37
53
27
48
32
0
0


Greene Rensselaer
63
36
64
311
221
149
160
72
62
34
23
22
536
304
428
995
1366
840
980
458
222
179
190
117

Ulster
6
7
40
215
111
41
43
29
4
37
26
0


2,546
1,833
5,219
11,629
7,522
6,249
6,501
2,511
1,368
1,006
675
367
  Notes:
            a.     The Mid-Hudson Region consists of Albany, Columbia, Dutchess, Greene, Rensselaer, and Ulster Counties.

                  Source:  1990 U.S. Census.
\8708676\Mid-Hudson
Lh_in.xls Albany

-------
                                                                  Table 2-12
                                        County-to-County In-Migration Data for Columbia County, NY

No Move
Move In
Total From
Abroad


Age Group
5 to 9
lOto 14
15 to 19
20 to 24
25 to 29
30 to 34
35 to 44
45 to 54
55 to 64
65 to 74
75 to 84
85+






Total

Outside
Region0

Domestic



Total from
Outside Region8


Inside Region
Total

Columbia Albany
2,143
2,399
2,644
1,591
1,242
1,663
6,034
4,979
4,756
4,650
2,721
725
2,284
1 ,583
1,587
2,024
3,246
3,144
3,896
1,932
1,170
1,075
823
315
91
20
15
44
52
77
84
38
4
3
2
0
2,193
1,563
1,572
1,980
3,194
3,067
3,812
1,894
1,166
1,072
821
315
506
433
539
415
864
922
1 ,332
622
388
370
192
81
1,687
1,130
1,033
1,565
2,330
2,145
2,480
1,272
778
702
629
234
,341 48
900 28
849 31
,314 23
,819 97
,678 80
,859 85
,060 60
674 34
613 11
521 10
182 6
From




Dutchess Greene Rensselaer Ulster
165
103
44
86
228
217
165
80
25
30
30
5
47
35
48
8
38
48
103
25
19
11
8
15
77
34
41
118
122
91
230
24
16
29
51
17
9
30
20
16
26
31
38
23
10
8
9
9
597
453
554
459
916
999
1,416
660
392
373
194
81
 Notes:
                  The Mid-Hudson Region consists oj'Albany, Columbia, Dutchess, Greene, Rensselaer, and Ulster Counties.

                  Source: 1990 U.S. Census.
\8708676\Mid-Hudson
Lh in.xls Columbia

-------
                                                                   Table 2-13
                                         County-to-County In-Migration Data for Dutchess County, NY

No Move





Move In
Total From
Abroad


Age Group
5 to 9
10 to 14
15 to 19
20 to 24
25 to 29
30 to 34
35 to 44
45 to 54
55 to 64
65 to 74
75 to 84
85+



9,052
9,868
10,981
7,992
5,622
8,384
23,706
21,703
17,443
13,686
7,236
2,149



8,557
5,878
7,671
12,027
16,195
15,794
18,091
7,320
4,503
3,394
2,331
889



224
135
347
461
497
409
400
180
98
74
52
0
Total


8,333
5,743
7,324
11,566
15,698
15,385
17,691
7,140
4,405
3,320
2,279
889
Outside
Region8


3,749
2,249
4,313
6,472
7,645
7,156
7,774
2,865
1,885
1,496
984
379
Total from
Outside Region8
Domestic





Inside Region
Total

4,584
3,494
3,011
5,094
8,053
8,229
9,917
4,275
2,520
1,824
1,295
510

Dutchess
4,363
3,367
2,833
4,675
7,221
7,578
9,255
4,049
2,469
1,727
1,220
446

From
Albany Columbia
0
16
24
30
166 .
144
41
8
0
0
10
0
72
33
40
61
82
90
136
32
9
20
33
0


Greene Rensselaer
0
0
9
25
12
2
8
15
5
0
0
0
0
0
25
31
46
13
22
4
2
0
0
0

Ulster
149
78
80
272
526
402
455
167
35
77
32
64


3,973
2,384
4,660
6,933
8,142
7,565
8,174
3,045
1,983
1,570
1,036
379
  Notes:
        a.        The Mid-Hudson Region consists of Albany, Columbia, Dutchess, Greene, Rensselaer, and Ulster Counties.

                  Source:  1990 U.S. Census.
\8708676\Mid-Hudson
Lh in.xls Dutchess

-------
                                                                   Table 2-14
                                          County-to-County In-Migration Data for Greene County, NY

No Move
Move In
Total From
Abroad


Age Group
5 to 9
10 to 14
15 to 19
20 to 24
25 to 29
30 to 34
35 to 44
45 to 54
55 to 64
65 to 74
75 to 84
85-1-



1,491
1,706
1,713
1,229
967
1,216
3,742
3,503
3,195
3,142
1,979
480



1,496
1,074
1,145
1,971
2,594
2,540
2,816
1,228
1,095
813
464
254



20
2
19
51
65
33
21
18
3
3
1
0
Total


1,476
1,072
1,126
1,914
2,529
2,507
2,795
1,210
1,092
810
463
254
Outside
Region"


593
383
495
991
1,165
992
1,109
500
518
356
148
127
Total from
Outside Region8
Domestic
Inside Region
Total

883
689
631
923
1,364
1,515
1,686
710
574
454
315
127
From
Greene
712
571
525
719
1111
1169
1328
503
498
370
279
120
Albany Columbia
120
79
27
81
79
171
137
104
25
43
24
7
1
0
19
31
21
49
53
15
7
17
10
0
Duchess Rensselaer
16
21
20
33
14
57
78
20
16
15
0
0
0
0
5
0
9
12
27
18
0
0
0
0
Ulster
34
18
35
59
130
57
63
50
28
9
2
0

613
385
514
1,048
1,230
1,025
1,130
518
521
359
149
127
  Notes:
         a.        The Mid-Hudson Region consists of Albany, Columbia, Dutchess, Greene, Rensselaer, and Ulster Counties.

                  Source: 1990 U.S. Census.
\8708676\Mid-Hudson
Lh in.xls Greene

-------
                                                                   Table 2-15
                                        County-to-County In-Migration Data for Rensselaer County, NY

No Move





Total From
Abroad


Age Group
5 to 9
10 to 14
15 to 19
20 to 24
25 to 29
30 to 34
35 to 44
45 to 54
55 to 64
65 to 74
75 to 84
85+



5,577
6,155
6,820
4,911
3,763
5,236
14,632
10,930
11,355
10,010
5,613
1,522



4,769
3,608
5,126
8,940
8,867
7,976
9,049
3,214
2,125
1,712
1,146
520



80
73
213
436
435
221
130
40
46
5
7
0
Total


4,689
3,535
4,913
8,504
8,432
7,755
8,919
3,174
2,079
1,707
1,139
520
Outside
Region8


1,046
666
2,304
3,564
2,331
2,053
2,112
685
487
369
190
101
Move In
Total from
Outside Region0
Domestic
Inside Region
Total

3,643
2,869
2,609
4,940
6,101
5,702
6,807
2,489
1,592
1,338
949
419

Rensselaer
2,902
2,283
2,084
3,777
4,713
4,076
5,030
1,951
1,303
1,101
730
328

From
Albany Columbia
656
438
368
776
. 1,211
1,419
1,503
495
264
216
205
75
64
58
46
175
113
139
170
39
10
9
0
9


Duchess Greene
0
21
33
157
40
42
11
0
2
4
0
0
4
13
47
26
0
14
39
0
0
0
5
0

Ulster
17
56
31
29
24
12
54
4
13
8
9
7


1,126
739
2,517
4,000
2,766
2,274
2,242
725
533
374
197
101
  Notes:
         a.        The Mid-Hudson Region consists of Albany, Columbia, Dutchess, Greene, Rensselaer, and Ulster Counties.

                  Source: 1990 U.S. Census.
\8708676\Mid-Hudson
Lh in.xls Rensselaer

-------
                                                                    Table 2-16
                                           County-to-County In-Migration Data for Ulster County, NY

No Move





Move
Total From
Abroad


Age Group
5 to 9
10 to 14
15 to 19
20 to 24
25 to 29
30 to 34
35 to 44
45 to 54
55 to 64
65 to 74
75 to 84
85+






Total

Outside
Region3

In
Total from
Outside Region"
Domestic
Inside Region
Total
From
Ulster Albany Columbia
5,911
6,285
6,544
4,651
3,959
5,824
15,066
13,465
12,045
10,090
5,884
1,664
4,990
4,019
4,059
7,370
10,262
9,224
1 1,368
4,510
2,774
2,122
1,307
494
73
43
165
229
293
226
209
65
49
28
0
0
4,917
3,976
3,894
7,141
9,969
8,998
11,159
4,445
2,725
2,094
1,307
494
1,619
1,340
1,915
3,553
3,921
3,238
3,839
1,602
832
790
350
181
3,298
2,636
1,979
3,588
6,048
5,760
7,320
2,843
1 ,893
1,304
957
313
2,990
2,368
1,741
2,980
4,864
4,916
6,542
2,504
1,722
1,241
890
284
14
5
12
76
75
92
45
7
17
0
8
0
13
17
15
0
21
18
23
18
9
11
0
0
Duchess Greene Rensselaer
250
223
190
454
1004
663
629
272
122
37
54
29
31
19
9
68
65
56
66
31
23
15
5
0
0
4
12
10
19
15
15
11
0
0
0
0
1,692
1,383
2,080
3,782
4,214
3,464
4,048
1,667
881
818
350
181
  Notes:
         a.         The Mid-Hudson Region consists of Albany, Columbia, Dutchess, Greene, Rensselaer, and Ulster Counties.

                   Source: 1990 U.S. Census.
\8708676\Mid-Hudson
Lh in.xls Ulster

-------
                                                                   Table 2-17
                                     County-to-County In-Migration Data for the Mid-Hudson River Region




No Move



Move In
Total


From
Abroad



Total


Outside
Region3



Domestic



Total from
Outside Region9


Inside Region
Total
Age Group
5 to 9
10 to 14
15 to 19
20 to 24
25 to 29
30 to 34
35 to 44
45 to 54
55 to 64
65 to 74
75 to 84
85+
32,812
36,541
39,986
28,386
21,068
30,519
87,423
74,671
69,558
60,958
34,362
10,210
31,098
22,644
29,230
52,120
59,732
56,336
65,639
26,203
16,504
13,305
8,985
4,218
716
499
995
1,655
1,982
1,524
1,251
618
297
191
84
0
30,382
22,145
28,235
50,465
57,750
54,812
64,388
25,585
16,207
13,114
8,901
4,218
9,831
6,678
14,549
26,196
22,808
20,052
22,260
8,508
5,381
4,309
2,517
1 ,236
20,551
15,467
13,686
24,269
34,942
34,760
42,128
17,077
10,826
8,805
6,384
2,982


From
Albany Renssalaer Columbia
6,633
4,819
4,175
7,174
10,739
12,162
14,344
5,540
3,439
3,137
2,241
1,315
3,515
2,625
2,595
4,931
6,275
5,047
6,304
2,466
1,543
1,309
971
462
1,533
1,036
1,014
1,664
2,199
2,060
2,390
1,200
743
704
580
204

Dutchess
4,808
3,756
3,253
5,772
8,601
8,594
10,191
4,448
2,682
1,845
1,304
480

Greene
857
674
702
1,157
1,447
1,438
1,704
646
607
430
320
157

Ulster
3,205
2,557
1,947
3,571
5,681
5,459
7,195
2,777
1,812
1,380
968
364


10,547
7,177
15,544
27,851
24,790
21,576
23,511
9,126
5,678
4,500
2,601
1,236
  Notes:
                  The Mid-Hudson Region consists of Albany, Columbia, Dutchess, Greene, Rensselaer, and Ulster Counties.

                  Source: 1990 U.S. Census.
\8708676\Mid-Hudson
Lh_in.xls Total -- Mid Hudson

-------
                                                                Table 2-18
                                   Computation of 1-Year Move Probabilities for the Mid-Hudson Region
 Notes:
Age Group (k) In1985.w,ka Startl985.yo,kb Start, 985.90,k+,c Out19U4Mld
















a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f-
8-

h.
i.




5 to 9
10 to 14
15 to 19
20 to 24
25 to 29
30 to 34
35 to 44
45 to 54
55 to 64
65 to 74
75 to 84
85+




(1) 10,547 32,812
(2) 7,177 36,541
(3) 15,544 39,986
(4) 27,851 28,386
(5) 24,790 21,068
(6) 21,576 30,519
(7) 23,511 87,423
(8) 9,126 74,671
(9) 5,678 69,558
(10) 4,500 60,958
(11) 2,601 34,362
(12) 1,236 10,210




36,541
39,986
28,386
21,068
30,519
43,712s
74,671
69,558
60,958
34,362
10,210
NAh




6,818
3,732
27,144
35,169
15,339
8,383
36,263
14,239
14,278
31,096
26,753
11,446
Probability of
Moving in a 5-

year Period*

15.7%
8.5%
48.9%
62.5%
33.4%
16.1%
32.7%
17.0%
1 9.0%
47.5%
72.4%


(Mid-Hi


3
1
9
12
6
3
6
3
3
9
14
Pkj

idson) (Up


.1%
.7%
.8%
.5%
.7%
.2%
.5%
.4%
.8%
.5%
.5%
100%'
PM

per Hudson)


2.5%
1.6%
9.5%
11.8%
5.9%
3.5%
7.5%
2.2%
3.2%
9.5%
14.0%
100%'
Difference
Mid-Hudson

vs. Upper
Hudson
-0.6%
-0.1%
-0.3%
-0.7%
-0.8%
0.3%
1.0%
-1.2%
-0.6%
0.0%
-0.5%
0.0%
Taken from the column labeled, "Total from Outside Region" in Table 2-14.
The Mid- Hudson Region consists of Albany, Columbia, Dutchess,
Set equal
Out /VN5-90
Set equal
Set equal
The value
addresses
Since Age
to the value of Start lyi!S.VOik in the preceding row.
k = (Start iVli_i-yo.k ' Start ivxs-vo,k-n) + 'n ivxs-w.k
to (Out iv>a.w.k ) /(Start /(,«-«;.* + In iv^.vo.k ) •
to 1/5 x the probability of moving in a 5-year period.
Greene, Rensselaer,




and Ulster




in this cell is 1/2 the value listed far Start ,yw.ya7 to make Start IVK5.VM and Start /ws-wj
the fact that Age Group 7 represents JO years (ages 35
to 44), whereas Age
Counties.




comparable. The




















adjustment
Group 6 represents 5 years (ages 30
to 34).


Group 12 (ages 85+) is the lust age group, there is no value for Start ms.w.n •
Assumes no exposure after age 85. This assumption has no effect
on the estimated risk since it is assumed that individuals stop fishing by age
80.
\8708676\Mid-Hudson
Lh_in.xls Move Probabilities

-------
                                                                                                   TABLE 2-19
                                                                                 VALUES USED FOR DAILY INTAKE CALCULATIONS
                                                                                       MID-HUDSON RIVER FISH- Adult Angler
            Scenario Timeframe:  Current/Future
            Medium:  Fish
            Exposure Medium: Fish
            Exposure Point: Mid-Hudson Fish
            Receptor Population:  Angler
            Receptor Age: Adult	
Exposure Route
Ingestion
























Parameter
Code
c»-c
C»-NC
IR»


Loss

FS


EF

ED


ED


CF
BW


AT-C

AT-NC
Parameter Definition
PCB Concentration in Fish (Cancer)"
PCS Concentration in Fish (Non-cancer)"
Ingestion Rate of Fish


Cooking Loss

Fraction from Source


Exposure Frequency

Exposure Duration (Cancer)


Exposure Duration (Noncancer)


Conversion Factor
Body Weight


Averaging Time (Cancer)

Averaging Time (Noncancer)
Units
mg/kg wet weight
mg/kg wet weight
grams/day


9/9

unitless


days/year

years


years


kg/9
kg


days

days
RME
Value
0.8
1.3
31.9


0

1


365

40


7


1.00E-03
70


25,550

2,555
RME
Rationale/
Reference
See Table 2-8
See Table 2-8
90th percentile value.
based on 1991 NY Angler
survey.
Assumes 100%PCBs
remains in fish.
Assumes 100% fish
ingested is from Mid-
Hudson.
Fish ingestion rate already
averaged over one year.
95th percentile value,
based on 1991 NY Angler
and 1990 US Census data.
see text


-
Mean adult body weight,
males and females
(USEPA, 1989b).
70-year lifetime exposure x
365 d/yr (USEPA, 1989b).
ED (years) x 365 days/year.
CT
Value
1.2
1.2
4.0


0.2

1


365

12


12


1.00E-03
70


25,550

4,380
CT
Rationale/
Reference
See Table 2-8
See Table 2-8
50th percentile value,
based on 1991 NY Angler
survey.
Assumes 20% PCBs in fish
is lost through cooking.
Assumes 100% fish
ingested is from Mid-
Hudson.
Fish ingestion rate already
averaged over one year.
50th percentile value.
based on 1991 NY Angler
and 1990 US Census data.
50th percentile value,
based on 1991 NY Angler
and 1990 US Census data.

Mean adult body weight.
males and females
(USEPA, 1989b).
70-year lifetime exposure x
365 d/yr (USEPA, 1989b).
ED (years) x 365 days/year.
Intake Equation/
Model Name
Average Daily Intake (mg/kg-day) =
Cw, x IRw, x (1 - Loss) X FS x EF x ED x CF x 1/BW x 1/AT























 Species-weighted PCB concentration averaged over river location.
\8708676\Mid-HudsonV
Ragslbte.xlsUbl2.19 12/28/99
                                                                                                                                                                                          Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                                                                           TABLE 2-20
                                                                                                         VALUES USED FOR DAILY INTAKE CALCULATIONS
                                                                                                           MID-HUDSON RIVER SEDIMENT - Adult Recreator
                                           Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
                                            yledium: Sediment
                                           Exposure Medium: Sediment
                                           Exposure Point:  Banks of Mid-Hudson
                                            Receptor Population: Recreator
                                           Receptor Age: Adutl	
Exposure Route


Ingestion

















Dermal






















Parameter
Code

c«™
iR»<»w<

FS


EF
ED



CF
BW


AT-C

AT-NC
DA


AF



SA



EF
ED



CF
BW


AT-C

AT-NC
Parameter Definition


Chemical Concentration in Sediment
ngestion Rate of Sediment

Fraction from Source


Exposure Frequency
Exposure Duratbn



Conversion Factor
Body Weight


Averaging Time (Cancer)

Averaging Time (Noncancer)
Chemical Concentration in Sediment
Dermal Absorption


Adherance Factor



Surface Area



Exposure Frequency
Exposure Duration



Conversion Factor
Body Weight


Averaging Time (Cancer)

Averaging Time (Noncancer)
Units


mg/kg
rug/day

unitless


days/year
years



ko/mg
kg


days

days
mg/kg
unilless


mg/cm*



cm*/event



event/year
years



kg/mg
kg


days

days
RME
Value

0.45
50

1


13
23



t .OOE-06
70


25.550

8,395
0.45
0.14


0.3



6,073



13
23



1. OOE-06
70


25.550

6.395
RME
Rationale/
Reference
See Table 2-9
Mean adult soil ingestion
rate (USEPA. 19971).
Assumes 100% sediment
exposure is from Mid-
Hudson.
t day/week. 3 months/yr
derived from 95th
percentile of residence
duration in 6 Mid-Hudson
Counties (see text)
-
Mean adult body weight.
males and females
(USEPA. 1989b).
70-year lifetime exposure x
365 d/yr (USEPA. 1989b).
ED (years) x 365 days/year
See Table 2-9
Based on absorption of
PCBs from soil in monkeys
(Wester. 1993).
50% value lor adult (reed
gatherer) : hands, lower
legs, forearms, and face
(USEPA. 19991).
Ave male/female 50th
percentile: hands, lower
legs, forearms, feet, and
lace (USEPA, 19971).
1 day/week. 3 monlhs/yr
derived from 95th
percentile of residence
duration in 6 Upper Hudson
Counties (see text)

Mean adult body weight.
males and females
(USEPA. 1989b).
70-year lifetime exposure x
365 d/yr (USEPA. 1989b).
ED (years) x 365 days/year
CT
Value

0.59
50

1


7
5



1 .OOE-06
70


25.550

1.825
0.59
0.14


0.3



6,073



7
5



1. OOE-06
70


25.550

1,825
CT
Rationale/
Reference
See Table 2-9
Mean adult soil ingestion
rate (USEPA, 1997f).
Assumes 100% sediment
exposure e from Mid-
Hudson.
Approximately 50% of RME
derived from 50th percentile
of residence duration in 6
Mid-Hudson Counties (see
text)

Mean adult body weight,
males and females
(USEPA, 1989b).
70- year lifetime exposure x
365 d/yr (USEPA. 19896).
ED (years) x 365 days/year.
See Table 2-9
Based on absorption of
PCBs from soil in monkeys
(Wester, 1993).
50% value lor adult (reed
gatherer) : hands, lower
legs, forearms, and face
(USEPA. 19991).
Ave male/female 50th
percentile: hands, lower
legs, forearms, feet, and
lace (USEPA. 1897f).
Approx. 50%ofHME
derived from 50th percentile
of residence duration In 6
Upper Hudson Counties
(see text)

Mean adult body weight.
males and females
(USEPA, 1989b).
70-year lifetime exposure x
365d/yr (USEPA. 1989D).
ED (years) x 365 days/year
Intake Equation/
Model Name

Average Daily Intake (mg/kg-day) »
CM,,™, x IR,^™™ x FS x EF x ED x CF x 1/BW x 1/AT
















Average Dairy Intake (mg/kg-day) =
C«on«« x DA x AF x SA x EF x ED x CF x 1/BW x 1/A1






















                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Gradient Corporation
Ragsfcb itWlbe-20 12/28/99

-------
                                                                                                                       TABLE 2-21
                                                                                                      VALUES USED FOR DAILY INTAKE CALCULATIONS
                                                                                                     MID-HUDSON RIVER SEDIMENT - Adolescent Recreator
                                         Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
                                         Medium: Sediment
                                         Exposure Medium: Sediment
                                         Exposure Point: Banks of Mid-Hudson
                                         Receptor Population: Recreator
                                         Receptor Age: Adolescent	
Exposure Route


Ingestion

















Derma!






















Parameter
Code

CKdM.
1R~™

FS


EF
ED



CF
BW


AT-C

AT-NC
c^™,
DA


AF



SA



EF
ED



CF
BW


AT-C

AT-NC
Parameter Definition


Chemical Concentration in Sediment
Ingestion Rate of Sediment

Fraction from Source


Exposure Frequency
Exposure Duration



Conversion Factor
Body Weight


Averaging Time (Cancer)

Averaging Time (Noncancer)
Chemical Concentration in Sediment
Dermal Absorption


Adherance Factor



Surface Area



Exposure Frequency
Exposure Duration



Conversion Factor
Body Weight


Averaging Time (Cancer)

Averaging Time (Noncancer)
Units


mg/kg
mo/day

unitless


days/year
years



kg/mg
kg


days

days
mgflcg
unitless


mo/cm*



cm'/event



event/year
years



kg/mg
Kg


days

days
RME
Value

0.52
50

1


39
12



1.00E-06
43


25.550

4,380
0.52
0.14


0.25



4,263



39
12



l.OOE-06
43


25,550

4,360
RME
Rationale/
Reference
See Table 2-9
Mean soil ingestion rate
(USEPA, 19971).
Assumes 100% sediment
exposure is from Upper
Hudson.
3 days/week, 3 months/yr
derived from 95th
percentile of residence
duration in 6 Mid-Hudson
Counties (see text)

Mean adolescent body
weight, males and females
(USEPA, 1989t>).
70-year lifetime exposure x
365 d/yr (USEPA. 1989b).
ED (years) x 365 days/year.
See Table 2-9
Based on absorption of
PCBs from soil in monkeys
(Wester. 1993).
Midpoint of adult and child
AF: Hands, lower legs,
forearms, and face
(USEPA, 1999f).
Ave male/female 50th
percentile age 12: hands,
lower legs, forearms, feet.
and face (USEPA, 19971).
3 days/week, 3 months/yr
derived from 95lh
percentile of residence
duration in 6 Mid-Hudson
Counties (see text)
-
Mean adolescent body
weight, mates and females
(USEPA. 19690).
70-year lifetime exposure x
365 d/yr (USEPA. 1989b).
ED (years) x 365 days/year.
CT
Value

0.61
50

1


20
3



1.00E-06
43


25,550

1.095
0.61
0.14


0.25



4,263



20
3



1.00E-06
43


25.550

1,095
CT
Rationale/
Reference
See Table 2-9
Mean soil ingestion rate
(USEPA, 19970.
Assumes 100% sediment
exposure is from Upper
Hudson.
Approximately 50% of RME
derived from 50th percentile
of residence duration in 6
Mid-Hudson Counties (see
text)
-
Mean adolescent body
weight, males and females
(USEPA. 1989b).
70-year lifetime exposure x
365 d/yr (USEPA. 1989b).
ED (years) x 365 days/year.
See Table 2-9
Based on absorption of
PCBs from soil in monkeys
(Wester, 1993).
Midpoint of adult and child
AF: Hands, lower legs.
forearms, and face
(USEPA, 19990.
Ave male/female 50th
percentile age 12: hands,
lower tegs, forearms, feet.
and face (USEPA, 19970.
Approximately 50% of RME
derived from 50th percentile
of residence duration in 6
Mid-Hudson Counties (see
text)
-
Mean adolescent body
weight, males and females
(USEPA. 1989b).
70-year lifetime exposure x
365 d/yr (USEPA. 1989b).
ED (years) x 365 days/year.
Intake Equation/
Model Name

Average Dairy Intake (mg/kg-day) =
C^,™, x IR««« x FS x EF it ED x CF x 1/BW x 1/AT
















Average Dairy Intake (mg/Vo-day) =
C_ammxDAxAFxSAxEFiEDxCFxt/BWx1/AT






















                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Gradient Corporation
\07Oe67OMkl-Hudw*

-------
                                                                              TABLE 2-22
                                                             VALUES USED FOR DAILY INTAKE CALCULATIONS
                                                              MID-HUDSON RIVER SEDIMENT - Child Recrealor
Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
Medium: Sediment
Exposure Medium: Sediment
Exposure Point:  Banks of Mid-Hudson
Receptor Population: Recrealor
Receplor Age: Child	
Exposure Route


Ingestion

















Oarmal























Parameter
Coda

Cuonnni
'R««™n,

FS


EF
ED



CF '
BW


AT-C

AT-NC
CM*.
DA


AF



SA




EF
ED



CF
BW


AT-C

AT-NC
Parameter Definition


Chemical Concentration in Sediment
Ingestion Rale o( Sediment

Fraction from Source


Exposure Frequency
Exposure Duration



Conversion Factor
Body Weight


Averaging Time (Cancer)

Averaging Time (Noncancer)
Chemical Concentration in Sediment
Dermal Absorption


Adherance Factor



Surface Area




Exposure Frequency
Exposure Duration



Conversion Factor
Body Weight


Averaging Time (Cancer)

Averaging Time (Noncancer)
Units


mo/kg
nig/day

unitless


days/year
years



kg/mg
kg


days

days
mo/kg
unitless


mg/cm*



cm1/ event




event/year
years



kg/mg
kg


days

days
RME
Valuo

0.58
too

1


13
6



1 .OOE-06
15


25,560

2,190
0.58
0.1 4


0.2



2.792




13
6



1. OOE-06
15


25.550

2.190
RME
Rationale/
Reference
See Table 2-9
Mean child soil ingestion
rate (USEPA, 19971).
Assumes 1 00% sediment
exposure is from Upper
Hudson.
1 day/week. 3 months/yr
derived from 95th
percentile of residence
duration in 6 Mid-Hudson
Counties (see text)

Mean child body weight.
males and females
(USEPA, 1989b).
70-year lifetime exposure x
365 d/yr (USEPA, 1989b).
ED (years) x 365 days/year.
See Table 2-9
Based on absorption of
PCBs from soil in monkeys
(Wester. 1993).
50% value for children
(moist soil) : hands, lower
legs, forearms, and face
(USEPA. 1999f).
50th percentile ave for
male/female child age 6:
hands, lower legs,
forearms, feet, and face
(USEPA. 19971).
1 day/week, 3 months/yr
derived from 95th
percentile of residence
duration in 6 Mid-Hudson
Counties (see text)

Mean child body weight.
mates and females
(USEPA. 1989b).
70-year lifetime exposure x
365 d/yr (USEPA. 1989b).
ED (years) x 365 days/year.
CT
Value

061
100

1


7
3



1. OOE-06
15


25.550

1,095
061
0.14


0.2



2.792




7
3



1. OOE-06
15


25.550

1.095
CT
Rationale/
Reference
See Table 2-9
Mean child soil ingestion
rate (USEPA. 1997t).
Assumes 100% sediment
exposure is from Upper
Hudson.
Approx. 50% of RME
derived from 50th percentilc
of residence duration in 6
Mid-Hudson Counties (see
text)

Mean chid body weight.
males and females
(USEPA. 1989b).
70-year lifetime exposure x
365d/yr (USEPA. 1989b).
ED (years) x 365 days/year.
Based on absorption of
PCBs from soil in monkeys
(Wester. 1 993).
50% value for children
(moist soil) : hands, tower
legs, forearms, and face
(USEPA. 19991).
5Oth percenlileave for
male/female child age 6:
hands, lower legs.
forearms, feet, and face
(USEPA. I997t).
Approx. 50% of RME
derived from 50lh percentile
of residence duration in 6
Mid-Hudson Counties (see
text)
-
Mean child body weight.
males and females
(USEPA. 1989b).
70- year lifetime exposure x
365 d/yr (USEPA. 19S9b).
ED (years) x 365 daysryear.
Intake Equation/
Model Name

Average Daily Intake (mg/kg-day) B
C.a^n, x IR^™, x FS x EF x ED x CF x 1/BW x 1/AT
















Average Daily Intake (mg/kg-day) =
C«™, x DA x AF x SA x EF x ED x CF x 1/BW x 1/AT























                                                                                                                                                                                             Cradietit Corporation

-------
                                                                                               TABLE 2-23
                                                                             VALUES USED FOR DAILY INTAKE CALCULATIONS
                                                                                MID-HUDSON RIVER WATER - Adult Recreator
           Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
           Medium: River Water
           Exposure Medium: River Water
           Exposure Point: Mid-Hudson River
           Receptor Population: Recreator
           Receptor Age: Adult	
Exposure Route
Dermal


















Parameter
Code
Cwatar
Kp

SA

DE

EF
ED



CF
BW


AT-C

AT-NC
Parameter Definition
Chemical Concentration in River Water
Dermal Permeability Constant (for PCBs)

Surface Area

Dermal Exposure Time

Exposure Frequency
Exposure Duration



Conversion Factor
Body Weight


Averaging Time (Cancer)

Averaging Time (Noncancer)
Units
mg/L
cm/hour

cm2

hours/day

days/year
years



L/crrf>
kg


days

days
RME
Value
9.2E-06
0.48

18,150

2.6

13
23



1.00E-03
70


25,550

8,395
RME
Rationale/
Reference
See Table 2- 10
Hexachlorobiphenyl
(USEPA, 1999f)
Full body contact (USEPA,
1997f)
National average for
swimming (USEPA, 1989b).
1 day/week, 3 months/yr
derived from 95th percentile
of residence duration in 6
Mid-Hudson Counties (see
text)
-
Mean adult body weight,
males and females
(USEPA, 1989b).
70-year lifetime exposure x
365 d/yr (USEPA, 1989b).
ED (years) x 365 days/year.
CT
Value
1.5E-05
0.48

18,150

2.6

7
5



1 .OOE-03
70


25.550

1,825
CT
Rationale/
Reference
See Table 2-10
Hexachlorobiphenyl
(USEPA, 1999f)
Full body contact (USEPA,
1997f)
National average for
swimming (USEPA, 1989b).
Approx. 50% of RME
derived from 50th percentile
of residence duration in 6
Mid-Hudson Counties (see
text)
-
Mean adult body weight,
males and females
(USEPA, 1989b).
70-year lifetime exposure x
365 d/yr (USEPA, 1989b).
ED (years) x 365 days/year.
Intake Equation/
Model Name
Average Daily Intake (mg/kg-day) =
C,,,., x Kp x SA x DE x EF x ED x CF x 1/BW x 1/AT

















\8708676\Mkl-Hudson\
Ragslbls x1s\lb!2-23 12/28/99
                                                                                                                                                                                  Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                                              TABLE 2-24
                                                                            VALUES USED FOR DAILY INTAKE CALCULATIONS
                                                                            MID-HUDSON RIVER WATER - Adolescent Recreator
           Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
           Medium:  River Water
           Exposure Medium: River Water
           Exposure Point:  Mid-Hudson River
           Receptor Population: Recreator
           Receptor Age: Adolescent	
Exposure Route
Dermal





Parameter
Code
c.,«
Kp
SA
DE
EF
ED
CF
BW
AT-C
AT-NC
Parameter Definition
Chemical Concentration in River Water
Dermal Permeability Constant (for PCBs)
Surface Area
Dermal Exposure Time
Exposure Frequency
Exposure Duration
Conversion Factor
Body Weight
Averaging Time (Cancer)
Averaging Time (Noncancer)
Units
mg/L
cm/hour
cm2
hours/day
days/year
years
L/cm3
kg
days
days
RME
Value
1 .2E-05
0.48
13,100
2.6
39
12
1.00E-03
43
25,550
4,380
RME
Rationale/
Reference
See Table 2-10
Hexachlorobiphenyl
(USEPA, 1999f)
Full body contact (USEPA,
1997f)
National average for
swimming (USEPA, 1989b).
3 days/week, 3 months/yr
derived from 95th percentile
of residence duration in 6
Mid-Hudson Counties (see
text)
Mean adolescent body
weight, males and females
(USEPA, 1989b).
70-year lifetime exposure x
365 d/yr (USEPA, 1989b).
ED (years) x 365 days/year.
CT
Value
1.6E-05
0.48
13,100
2.6
20
3
1 .OOE-03
43
25,550
1,095
CT
Rationale/
Reference
See Table 2-10
Hexachlorobiphenyl
(USEPA, 1999f)
Full body contact (USEPA,
1997f)
National average for
swimming (USEPA, 1989b).
Approx. 50% of RME
derived from 50th percentile
of residence duration in 6
Mid-Hudson Counties (see
text)
Mean adolescent body
weight, males and females
(USEPA, 1989b).
70-year lifetime exposure x
365 d/yr (USEPA, 1989b).
ED (years) x 365 days/year.
Intake Equation/
Model Name
Average Daily Intake (mg/kg-day) =
C*,,., x Kp x SA x DE x EF x ED x CF x 1/BW x 1/AT




\B708676\Mid-Hudson\
Ragslbls xlsVlb!2-24 12/28*99
                                                                                                                                                                                 Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                                               TABLE 2-25
                                                                             VALUES USED FOR DAILY INTAKE CALCULATIONS
                                                                                MID-HUDSON RIVER WATER - Child Recreator
           Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
           Medium: River Water
           Exposure Medium: River Water
           Exposure Point: Mid-Hudson River
           Receptor Population: Recreator
           Receptor Age: Child	
Exposure Route
Dermal


















Parameter
Code
Cwal«f
Kp

SA

DE

EF
ED



CF
BW


AT-C

AT-NC
Parameter Definition
Chemical Concentration in River Water
Dermal Permeability Constant (for PCBs)

Surface Area

Dermal Exposure Time

Exposure Frequency
Exposure Duration



Conversion Factor
Body Weight


Averaging Time (Cancer)

Averaging Time (Noncancer)
Units
mg/L
cm/hour

cm*

hours/day

days/year
years



L/cm3
kg


days

days
RME
Value
1 .4E-05
0.48

6,880

2.6

13
6



1 .OOE-03
15


25,550

2,190
RME
Rationale/
Reference
See Table 2-10
Hexachlorobiphenyl
(USEPA, 1999f)
Full body contact (USEPA,
1997f)
National average for
swimming (USEPA, 1989b).
1 day/week, 3 months/yr
derived from 95th percentile
of residence duration in 6
Mid-Hudson Counties (see
text)
--
Mean child body weight,
males and females
(USEPA, 1989b).
70-year lifetime exposure x
365 d/yr (USEPA, 19895).
ED (years) x 365 days/year.
CT
Value
1 .6E-05
0.48

6,880

2.6

7
3



1 .OOE-03
15


25,550

1,095
CT
Rationale/
Reference
See Table 2- 10
Hexachlorobiphenyl
(USEPA, 1999f)
Full body contact (USEPA,
1997f)
National average for
swimming (USEPA, 1989b).
Approx. 50% of RME
derived from 50th percentile
of residence duration in 6
Mid-Hudson Counties (see
text)

Mean child body weight,
males and females
(USEPA, 1989b).
70-year lifetime exposure x
365 d/yr (USEPA, 1989b).
ED (years) x 365 days/year.
Intake Equation/
Model Name
Average Daily Intake (mg/kg-day) =
C«w x Kp x SA x DE x EF x ED x CF x 1/BW x 1/AT

















\8708676\Mld-Hudson\
Ragslbls xlsUb!2-25 12/28/99
                                                                                                                                                                                  Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                                              TABLE 2-26
                                                                            VALUES USED FOR DAILY INTAKE CALCULATIONS
                                                                               MID-HUDSON RIVER WATER - Adult Resident
           Scenario Timeframe:  Current/Future
           Medium:  River Water
           Exposure Medium: River Water
           Exposure Point: Mid-Hudson River
           Receptor Population:  Resident
           Receptor Age: Adult	
Exposure Route
Ingestion














Parameter
Code
Cwaiw
IR


EF
ED



BW


AT-C

AT-NC
Parameter Definition
Chemical Concentration in River Water
Ingestion Rate


Exposure Frequency
Exposure Duration



Body Weight


Averaging Time (Cancer)

Averaging Time (Noncancer)
Units
mg/L
L/day


days/year
years



kg


days

days
RME
Value
9.2E-06
2.3


350
23



70


25,550

8,395
RME
Rationale/
Reference
See Table 2-10
90th percentile drinking
water intake rate for adults
(USEPA, 1997c)
(USEPA, 1991 b)
derived from 95th percentile
of residence duration in 6
Mid-Hudson Counties (see
text)
Mean adult body weight,
males and females
(USEPA, 1989b).
70-year lifetime exposure x
365 d/yr (USEPA, 1989b).
ED (years) x 365 days/year.
CT
Value
1 .5E-05
1.40


350
5



70


25,550

1,825
CT
Rationale/
Reference
See Table 2-10
Mean drinking water intake
rate for adults (USEPA,
1997c)
(USEPA, 1991b)
derived from 50th percentile
of residence duration in 6
Mid-Hudson Counties (see
text)
Mean adult body weight,
males and females
(USEPA, 1989b).
70-year lifetime exposure x
365 d/yr (USEPA, 1989b).
ED (years) x 365 days/year.
Intake Equation/
Model Name
Average Daily Intake (mg/kg-day) =
C.M, x IR x EF x ED x 1/BW x 1/AT













\8708676\Mid-Hudson\
Ragstbls xlsMbl2 26 12/28/99
                                                                                                                                                                                   Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                                               TABLE 2-27
                                                                             VALUES USED FOR DAILY INTAKE CALCULATIONS
                                                                              MID-HUDSON RIVER WATER • Adolescent Resident
           Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
           Medium:  River Water
           Exposure Medium: River Water
           Exposure Point: Mid-Hudson River
           Receptor Population: Resident
           Receptor Age: Adolescent	
Exposure Route
Ingestion














Parameter
Code
Cwat»r
IR


EF
ED



BW


AT-C

AT-NC
Parameter Definition
Chemical Concentration in River Water
Ingestion Rate


Exposure Frequency
Exposure Duration



Body Weight


Averaging Time (Cancer)

Averaging Time (Noncancer)
Units
mg/L
L/day


days/year
years



kg


days

days
RME
Value
1.2E-05
2.3


350
12



43


25,550

4,380
RME
Rationale/
Reference
See Table 2-10
90th percentile drinking
water intake rate for adults
(USEPA, 1997c)
(USEPA, 1991 b)
derived from 95th percentile
of residence duration in 6
Mid-Hudson Counties (see
text)
Mean adolescent body
weight, males and females
(USEPA, 1989b).
70-year lifetime exposure x
365 d/yr (USEPA, 1989b).
ED (years) x 365 days/year.
CT
Value
1 .6E-05
1.40


350
3



43


25,550

1,095
CT
Rationale/
Reference
See Table 2-10
Mean drinking water intake
rate for adults (USEPA,
1997c)
(USEPA, 1991b)
derived from 50th percentile
of residence duration in 6
Mid-Hudson Counties (see
text)
Mean adolescent body
weight, males and females
(USEPA, 1989b).
70-year lifetime exposure x
365 d/yr (USEPA, 1989b).
ED (years) x 365 days/year.
Intake Equation/
Model Name
Average Daily Intake (mg/kg-day) =
C..^, x IR x EF x ED X 1/BW X 1/AT













\S708676\Wid-Hudson\
Ragslbls Kls'Jbl2-27 12/28/99
                                                                                                                                                                                  Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                                               TABLE 2-28
                                                                             VALUES USED FOR DAILY INTAKE CALCULATIONS
                                                                                MID-HUDSON RIVER WATER - Child Resident
           Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
           Medium: River Water
           Exposure Medium: River Water
           Exposure Point: Mid-Hudson River
           Receptor Population: Resident
           Receptor Age: Child	
Exposure Route
Ingestion















Parameter
Code
Cwatflf
IR



EF
ED



BW


AT-C

AT-NC
Parameter Definition
Chemical Concentration in River Water
Ingestion Rate



Exposure Frequency
Exposure Duration



Body Weight


Averaging Time (Cancer)

Averaging Time (Noncancer)
Units
mg/L
L/day



days/year
years



kg


days

days
RME
Value
1.4E-05
1.5



350
6



15


25,550

2,190
RME
Rationale/
Reference
See Table 2- 10
90th percentile drinking
water intake rate for
children, ages 3-5 (USEPA,
1997c)
(USEPA, 1991b)
derived from 95th percentile
of residence duration in 6
Mid-Hudson Counties (see
text)
Mean child body weight,
males and females
(USEPA, 1989b).
70-year lifetime exposure x
365 d/yr (USEPA, 1989b).
ED (years) x 365 days/year.
CT
Value
1.6E-05
0.87



350
3



15


25,550

1,095
CT
Rationale/
Reference
See Table 2- 10
Mean drinking water intake
rate for children, ages 3-5
(USEPA, 1997c)

(USEPA, 1991b)
derived from 50th percentile
of residence duration in 6
Mid-Hudson Counties (see
text)
Mean child body weight,
males and females
(USEPA, 1989b).
70-year lifetime exposure x
365 d/yr (USEPA, 1989b).
ED (years) x 365 days/year.
Intake Equation/
Model Name
Average Daily Intake (mg/kg-day) =
C,,,, x IR x EF x ED x 1/BW x 1/AT


,











V8708676\Mid-Hu
-------
                                                                                    TABLE 3-1
                                                                  NON-CANCER TOXICITY DATA - ORAL/DERMAL
                                                                               MID-HUDSON RIVER
Chemical
of Potential
Concern
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1016
Chronic/
Subchronic

Chronic
Chronic
Oral RfD
Value

2.00E-05 (2)
7.00E-05 (3)
Oral RfD
Units

mg/kg-d
mg/kg-d
Oral to Dermal
Adjustment Factor

—
Adjusted
Dermal
RfD
—
Units


—
Primary
Target
Organ
Immune system
Birth Weight
Combined
Uncertainty/Modifying
Factors
300
100
Sources of RfD:
Target Organ

IRIS
IRIS
Dates of RfD:
Target Organ (1]
(MM/DD/YY)
12/1/99
12/1/99
N/A = Not Applicable
(1)  IRIS value from most recent updated PCB file.
(2)  Oral RfD for Aroclor 1254; there is no RfD available for total PCBs. PCBs in fish are considered to be most like Aroclor 1254.
(3)  Oral RfD for Aroclor 1016; there is no RfD available for total PCBs. PCBs in sediment and water samples are considered to be most like Aroclor 1016.
                                                                                                                                                          Gradient Corporation
  \8708676\Mid-Hudson\
  Ragstbls.xls\lbl3-1  12/28/99

-------
                                                                                   TABLE 3-2
                                                                    CANCER TOXICITY DATA -- ORAL/DERMAL
                                                                              MID-HUDSON RIVER
Chemical
of Potential
Concern
PCBs


Oral Cancer Slope Factor


1 (2)
2 (3)
0.3 (4)
0.4 (5)
Oral to Dermal
Adjustment
Factor
--
--
--
Adjusted Dermal
Cancer Slope Factor

—
--
-
Units


(mg/kg-d)"'
(mg/kg-d)''
(mg/kg-d)'1
(mg/kg-d)"
Weight of Evidence/
Cancer Guideline
Description
B2
B2
B2
B2
Source
Target Organ

IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
Date(1)
(MM/DD/YY)

12/1/99
12/1/99
12/1/99
12/1/99
IRIS = Integrated Risk Information System
HEAST= Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables
                                                                 EPA Group:
                                                                   A - Human carcinogen
                                                                   B1 - Probable human carcinogen - indicates that limited human data are available
                                                                   B2 - Probable human carcinogen - indicates sufficient evidence in animals and
                                                                        inadequate or no evidence in humans
                                                                   C - Possible human carcinogen
                                                                   D - Not classifiable as a human carcinogen
                                                                   E - Evidence of noncarcinogenicity
                                                                 Weight of Evidence:
                                                                   Known/Likely
                                                                   Cannot be Determined
                                                                   Not Likely
(2)  Central estimate slope factor for exposures to PCBs via ingestion of fish, ingestion of sediments, and dermal contact (if dermal absorption fraction is applied) with sediments.
(3)  Upper-bound slope factor for exposures to PCBs via ingestion of fish, ingestion of sediments, and dermal contact (if dermal absorption fraction is applied) with sediments.
(4)  Central estimate slope factor for exposures to PCBs via ingestion and dermal contact (if no absorption factor is applied) with water soluble congeners in river water.
(5)  Upper-bound slope factor for exposures to PCBs via ingestion and dermal contact (if no absorption factor is applied) with water soluble congeners in river water.
(1)  IRIS value from most recent updated PCB file.
                                                                                                                                                         Gradient Corporation
  \8708676\M id- Hudson\
  Ragstbls.xls\lbl3-2 12/28/99

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                                                                                       TABLE 4-1-RME
                                                                           CALCULATION OF NON-CANCER HAZARDS
                                                                              REASONABLE MAXIMUM EXPOSURE
                                                                             MID-HUDSON RIVER FISH -Adult Angler
              Scenario Timeframe:  Current/Future
              Medium: Fish
              Exposure Medium: Fish
              Exposure Point:  Mid-Hudson Fish
              Receptor Population:  Angler
              Receptor Age: Adult	
Exposure
Route


Ingestion
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

1.3
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/kg wt weight
Route
EPC
Value

1.3
Route
EPC
Units

mg/kg wt weight
EPC
Selected
for Hazard
Calculation (1)
M
Intake
(Non-Cancer)


5.9E-04
Intake
(Non-Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
Reference
Dose


2.0E-05
Reference
Dose Units


mg/kg-day
Reference
Concentration


N/A
Reference
Concentration
Units

N/A
Hazard
Quotient


30
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for hazard calculation.
                                                                                                                  Total Hazard Index Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways  ||      30
  \8708676\Mid-Hudson\
  Ragslbls.xlsMbl4-1-RME 12/2B/99
                                                                                                                                                                      Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                                           TABLE4-1-CT
                                                                             CALCULATION OF NON-CANCER HAZARDS
                                                                                  CENTRAL TENDENCY EXPOSURE
                                                                               MID-HUDSON RIVER FISH - Adult Angler
              Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: Fish
              Exposure Medium: Fish
              Exposure Point: Mid-Hudson Fish
              Receptor Population: Angler
              Receptor Age:  Adult
Exposure
Route


Ingestion
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

1.2
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/kg wt weight
Route
EPC
Value

1.2
Route
EPC
Units

mg/kg wt weight
EPC
Selected
for Hazard
Calculation (1)
M
Intake
(Non-Cancer)


5.4E-05
Intake
(Non-Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
Reference
Dose


2.0E-05
Reference
Dose Units


mg/kg-day
Reference
Concentration


N/A
Reference
Concentration
Units

N/A
Total Hazard Index Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways
Hazard
Quotient


3
3
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for hazard calculation.
                                                                                                                                                                           Gradient Corporation
  \8708676\Mid-Hudson\
  Ragstbls.xls\tt>l4-1-CT 12/28/99

-------
                                                                                         TABLE 4-2-RME
                                                                             CALCULATION OF NON-CANCER HAZARDS
                                                                                REASONABLE MAXIMUM EXPOSURE
                                                                           MID-HUDSON RIVER SEDIMENT- Adult Recreator
              Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: Sediment
              Exposure Medium: Sediment
              Exposure Point: Banks of Mid-Hudson
              Receptor Population: Recreator
              Receptor Age: Adult	
Exposure
Route


Ingestion
Dermal
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

0.5
0.5
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/kg
mg/kg
Route
EPC
Value

0.5
0.5
Route
EPC
Units

mg/kg
mg/kg
EPC
Selected
for Hazard
Calculation (1)
M
M
Intake
(Non-Cancer)


1.1E-08
5.9E-08
Intake
(Non-Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
mg/kg-day
Reference
Dose


7.0E-05
7.0E-05
Reference
Dose Units


mg/kg-day
mg/kg-day
Reference
Concentration


N/A
N/A
Reference
Concentration
Units

N/A
N/A
Total Hazard Index Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways
Hazard
Quotient


0.0002
0.0008
0.001
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for hazard calculation.
  \8708676\MkJ-HudsonV
  Ragstbls.xls\tbl4-2-RME 12/28/99
                                                                                                                                                                         Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                                       TABLE 4-2-CT
                                                                           CALCULATION OF NON-CANCER HAZARDS
                                                                               CENTRAL TENDENCY EXPOSURE
                                                                         MID-HUDSON RIVER SEDIMENT- Adult Recreator
              Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: Sediment
              Exposure Medium:  Sediment
              Exposure Point: Banks of Mid-Hudson
              Receptor Population: Recreator
              Receptor Age: Adult	
Exposure
Route


Ingestion
Dermal
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

0.6
0.6
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/kg
mg/kg
Route
EPC
Value

0.6
0.6
Route
EPC
Units

mg/kg
mg/kg
EPC
Selected
for Hazard
Calculation (1)
M
M
Intake
(Non-Cancer)


8.1E-09
4.1E-08
Intake
(Non-Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
mg/kg-day
Reference
Dose


7.0E-05
7.0E-05
Reference
Dose Units


mg/kg-day
mg/kg-day
Reference
Concentration


N/A
N/A
Reference
Concentration
Units

N/A
N/A
Hazard
Quotient


0.0001
0.0006
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for hazard calculation.
                                                                                                                 I otal Hazard Index Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways  ||    0.0007
  \8708676\Mid-Hudson\
  Ragstbls.xlsMbH-2-CT \2I2BI99
                                                                                                                                                                     Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                                       TABLE 4-3-RME
                                                                           CALCULATION OF NON-CANCER HAZARDS
                                                                              REASONABLE MAXIMUM EXPOSURE
                                                                       MID-HUDSON RIVER SEDIMENT- Adolescent Recreator
              Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: Sediment
              Exposure Medium: Sediment
              Exposure Point: Banks of Mid-Hudson
              Receptor Population: Recreator
              Receptor Age: Adolescent	
Exposure
Route


Ingestion
Dermal
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

0.5
0.5
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/kg
mg/kg
Route
EPC
Value

0.5
0.5
Route
EPC
Units

mg/kg
mg/kg
EPC
Selected
for Hazard
Calculation (1)
M
M
Intake
(Non-Cancer)


6.5E-08
1.9E-07
Intake
(Non-Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
mg/kg-day
Reference
Dose


7.0E-05
7.0E-05
Reference
Dose Units


mg/kg-day
mg/kg-day
Reference
Concentration


N/A
N/A
Reference
Concentration
Units

N/A
. N/A
Hazard
Quotient


0.001
0.003
                                                                                                                 Total Hazard Index Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for hazard calculation.
  \8708676\MH-Hudson\
  Ragstbls.xls\lbl4-3-RME 12/28/99
                                                                                                                                                                     Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                                          TABLE 4-3-CT
                                                                            CALCULATION OF NON-CANCER HAZARDS
                                                                                 CENTRAL TENDENCY EXPOSURE
                                                                        MID-HUDSON RIVER SEDIMENT- Adolescent Recreator
               icenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: Sediment
              Exposure Medium: Sediment
              Exposure Point:  Banks of Mid-Hudson
              Receptor Population: Recreator
              Receptor Age: Adolescent	
Exposure
Route


Ingestion
Dermal
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

0.6
0.6
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/kg
mg/kg
Route
EPC
Value

0.6
0.6
Route
EPC
Units

mg/kg
mg/kg
EPC
Selected
for Hazard
Calculation (1)
M
M
Intake
(Non-Cancer)


3.9E-08
1.2E-07
Intake
(Non-Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
mg/kg-day
Reference
Dose


7.0E-05
7.0E-05
Reference
Dose Units


mg/kg-day
mg/kg-day
Reference
Concentration


N/A
N/A
Reference
Concentration
Units

N/A
N/A
Total Hazard Index Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways
Hazard
Quotient


0.001
0.002
0.003
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for hazard calculation.
  \8708676\Mkl-Hudson\
  Ragstols.xlsMbM-3-CT 12/28/99
                                                                                                                                                                         Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                                         TABLE 4-4-RME
                                                                             CALCULATION OF NON-CANCER HAZARDS
                                                                                REASONABLE MAXIMUM EXPOSURE
                                                                           MID-HUDSON RIVER SEDIMENT - Child Recreator
              Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: Sediment
              Exposure Medium: Sediment
              Exposure Point: Banks of Mid-Hudson
              Receptor Population: Recreator
              Receptor Age: Child	
Exposure
Route


Ingestion
Dermal
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

0.6
0.6
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/kg
mg/kg
Route
EPC
Value

0.6
0.6
Route
EPC
Units

mg/kg
mg/kg
EPC
Selected
for Hazard
Calculation (1)
M
M
Intake
(Non-Cancer)


1 .4E-07
1.1E-07
Intake
(Non-Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
mg/kg-day
Reference
Dose


7.0E-05
7.0E-05
Reference
Dose Units


mg/kg-day
mg/kg-day
Reference
Concentration


N/A
N/A
Reference
Concentration
Units

N/A
N/A
Total Hazard Index Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways
Hazard
Quotient
•

0.002
0.002
0.004
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for hazard calculation.
                                                                                                                                                                         Gradient Corporation
  \8708676\MkJ-Hudson\
  Ragslbls.xls\!bl4-4-RME 12/23/99

-------
                                                                                          TABLE 4-4-CT
                                                                             CALCULATION OF NON-CANCER HAZARDS
                                                                                 CENTRAL TENDENCY EXPOSURE
                                                                           MID-HUDSON RIVER SEDIMENT - Child Recreator
              Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: Sediment
              Exposure Medium:  Sediment
              Exposure Point: Banks of Mid-Hudson
              Receptor Population: Recreator
              Receptor Age: Child	
Exposure
Route


Ingestion
Dermal
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

0.6
0.6
Medium
EPC
Units

rng/kg
rng/kg
Route
EPC
Value

0.6
0.6
Route
EPC
Units

mg/kg
rng/kg
EPC
Selected
for Hazard
Calculation (1)
M
M
Intake
(Non-Cancer)


7.8E-08
6.1 E-08
Intake
(Non-Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
mg/kg-day
Reference
Dose


7.0E-05
7.0E-05
Reference •
Dose Units


mg/kg-day
mg/kg-day
Reference
Concentration


N/A
N/A
Reference
Concentration
Units

N/A
N/A
Total Hazard Index Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways
Hazard
Quotient


0.001
0.001
0.002
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for hazard calculation.
                                                                                                                                                                           Gradient Corporation
  \8708676\Mid-Hudson\
  Ragslbls.xlsMDI4-4-CT 12/28/99

-------
                                                                                          TABLE 4-5-RME
                                                                             CALCULATION OF NON-CANCER HAZARDS
                                                                                REASONABLE MAXIMUM EXPOSURE
                                                                             MID-HUDSON RIVER WATER -Adult Recreator
              Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: River Water
              Exposure Medium:  River Water
              Exposure Point: Mid-Hudson River
              Receptor Population: Recreator
              Receptor Age: Adult	
Exposure
Route


Dermal
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

9.18E-06
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/L
Route
EPC
Value

9.18E-06
Route
EPC
Units

mg/L
EPC
Selected
for Hazard
Calculation (1)
M
Intake
(Non-Cancer)


1.1E-07
Intake
(Non-Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
Reference
Dose


7.0E-05
Reference
Dose Units


mg/kg-day
Reference
Concentration


N/A
Reference
Concentration
Units

N/A
Total Hazard Index Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways
Hazard
Quotient


0.002
0.002
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for hazard calculation.
  \8708676\Mid-Hudson\
  Ragstbls.xls\tbl4-5-RME 12/28/99
                                                                                                                                                                          Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                                           TABLE 4-5-CT
                                                                              CALCULATION OF NON-CANCER HAZARDS
                                                                                  CENTRAL TENDENCY EXPOSURE
                                                                             MID-HUDSON RIVER WATER - Adult Recreator
              Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: River Water
              Exposure Medium:  River Water
              Exposure Point: Mid-Hudson River
              Receptor Population: Recreator
              Receptor Age: Adult	
Exposure
Route


Dermal
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs

Medium
EPC
Value

1.49E-05
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/L
Route
EPC
Value

1 .49E-05
Route
EPC
Units

mg/L
EPC
Selected
for Hazard
Calculation (1)
M
Intake
(Non-Cancer)


9.2E-08
Intake
(Non-Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
Reference
Dose


7.0E-05
Reference
Dose Units


mg/kg-day
Reference
Concentration


N/A
Reference
Concentration
Units

N/A
Total Hazard Index Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways
Hazard
Quotient


0.001
0.001
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for hazard calculation.
  \8708676\MM-Hudson\
  Ragstbls.xlsMbM-5-CT 12/28/99
                                                                                                                                                                           Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                                          TABLE 4-6-RME
                                                                             CALCULATION OF NON-CANCER HAZARDS
                                                                                REASONABLE MAXIMUM EXPOSURE
                                                                          MID-HUDSON RIVER WATER - Adolescent Recreator
              Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: River Water
              Exposure Medium:  River Water
              Exposure Point: Mid-Hudson River
              Receptor Population: Recreator
              Receptor Age: Adolescent	
Exposure
Route


Dermal
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

1.16E-05
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/L
Route
EPC
Value

1.16E-05
Route
EPC
Units

mg/L
EPC
Selected
for Hazard
Calculation (1)
M
Intake
(Non-Cancer)


4.7E-07
Intake
(Non-Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
Reference
Dose


7.0E-05
Reference
Dose Units


mg/kg-day
Reference
Concentration


N/A
Reference
Concentration
Units

N/A
Total Hazard Index Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways
Hazard
Quotient


0.007
0.007
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for hazard calculation.
                                                                                                                                                                          Gradient Corporation
  \8708676\Mkl-Hudson\
  Ragstbls.xIsUbM-6-RME 12/28/99

-------
                                                                                        TABLE 4-6-CT
                                                                           CALCULATION OF NON-CANCER HAZARDS
                                                                               CENTRAL TENDENCY EXPOSURE
                                                                        MID-HUDSON RIVER WATER - Adolescent Recreator
             Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
             Medium: River Water
             Exposure Medium:  River Water
             Exposure Point: Mid-Hudson River
             Receptor Population: Recreator
             Receptor Age: Adolescent	
Exposure
Route


Dermal
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

1.63E-05
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/L
Route
EPC
Value

1.63E-05
Route
EPC
Units

mg/L
EPC
Selected
for Hazard
Calculation (1)
M
Intake
(Non-Cancer)


3.4E-07
Intake
(Non -Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
Reference
Dose


7.0E-05
Reference
Dose Units


mg/kg-day
Reference
Concentration


N/A
Reference
Concentration
Units

N/A
Hazard
Quotient


0.005
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specilic (R) EPC selected for hazard calculation.
                                                                                                                 Total Hazard Index Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways  [|    o.oos
                                                                                                                                                                     Gradient Corporation
  \8708676\Mid-Hudson\
  RagstbIs.xlsMbM.6-CT 12/28/99

-------
                                                                                          TABLE 4-7-RME
                                                                              CALCULATION OF NON-CANCER HAZARDS
                                                                                 REASONABLE MAXIMUM EXPOSURE
                                                                             MID-HUDSON RIVER WATER - Child Recreator
              Scenario Timeframe:  Current/Future
              Medium: River Water
              Exposure Medium: River Water
              Exposure Point: Mid-Hudson River
              Receptor Population:  Recreator
              Receptor Age: Child	
Exposure
Route


Dermal
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

1.40E-05
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/L
Route
EPC
Value

1.40E-05
Route
EPC
Units

mg/L
EPC
Selected
for Hazard
Calculation (1)
M
Intake
(Non-Cancer)


2.9E-07
Intake
(Non-Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
Reference
Dose


7.0E-05
Reference
Dose Units


mg/kg-day
Reference
Concentration


N/A
Reference
Concentration
Units

N/A
Total Hazard Index Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways
Hazard
Quotient


0.004
0.004
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for hazard calculation.
                                                                                                                                                                          Gradient Corporation
  \8708676\Mid.Hudson\
  RagslblS.xls«t)l4-7-RME  12/28/99

-------
                                                                                           TABLE 4-7-CT
                                                                              CALCULATION OF NON-CANCER HAZARDS
                                                                                  CENTRAL TENDENCY EXPOSURE
                                                                             MID-HUDSON RIVER WATER - Child Recreator
              Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: River Water
              Exposure Medium:  River Water
              Exposure Point: Mid-Hudson River
              Receptor Population: Recreator
              Receptor Age: Child
Exposure
Route


Dermal
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

1 .63E-05
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/L
Route
EPC
Value

1.63E-05
Route
EPC
Units

mg/L
EPC
Selected
for Hazard
Calculation (1)
M
Intake
(Non-Cancer)


1.8E-07
Intake
(Non-Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
Reference
Dose


7.0E-05
Reference
Dose Units


mg/kg-day
Reference
Concentration


N/A
Reference
Concentration
Units

N/A
Total Hazard Index Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways
Hazard
Quotient


0.003
0.003
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for hazard calculation.
                                                                                                                                                                            Gradient Corporation
   \B708676\MKJ-Hucfson\
   Ragstt>ls.xls\tt>l4-7-CT 12/28/99

-------
                                                                                       TABLE 4-8-RME
                                                                           CALCULATION OF NON-CANCER HAZARDS
                                                                              REASONABLE MAXIMUM EXPOSURE
                                                                           MID-HUDSON RIVER WATER - Adult Resident
              Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: River Water
              Exposure Medium:  River Water
              Exposure Point: Mid-Hudson River
              Receptor Population: Resident
              Receptor Age: Adult	
Exposure
Route


Ingestion

Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs

Medium
EPC
Value

9.18E-06

Medium
EPC
Units

mg/L

Route
EPC
Value

9.18E-06

Route
EPC
Units

mg/L

EPC
Selected
for Hazard
Calculation (1)
M

Intake
(Non-Cancer)


2.9E-07

Intake
(Non-Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day

Reference
Dose


7.0E-05

Reference
Dose Units


mg/kg-day

Reference
Concentration


N/A

Reference
Concentration
Units

N/A
Hazard
Quotient


0.004

                                                                                                                 Total Hazard Index Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for hazard calculation.
  \8708676\Mid-Hudson\
  Ragstbls.xIsMbM-B-RME 12/26/99
                                                                                                                                                                     Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                                          TABLE 4-8-CT
                                                                             CALCULATION OF NON-CANCER HAZARDS
                                                                                 CENTRAL TENDENCY EXPOSURE
                                                                             MID-HUDSON RIVER WATER - Adult Resident
              Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: River Water
              Exposure Medium: River Water
              Exposure Point: Mid-Hudson River - Drinking Water
              Receptor Population: Resident
              Receptor Age: Adult	
Exposure
Route


Ingestion
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

1.49E-05
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/L
Route
EPC
Value

1.49E-05
Route
EPC
Units

mg/L
EPC
Selected
for Hazard
Calculation (1)
M
Intake
(Non-Cancer)


2.9E-07
Intake
(Non-Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
Reference
Dose


7.0E-05
Reference
Dose Units


mg/kg-day
Reference
Concentration


N/A
Reference
Concentration
Units

N/A
Total Hazard Index Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways
Hazard
Quotient


0.004
0.004
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for hazard calculation.
                                                                                                                                                                          Gradient Corporation
  \8708676\Mid-Hudson\
  Ragstbls.xlsMbl4-8-CT 12/28/99

-------
                                                                                       TABLE 4-9-RME
                                                                           CALCULATION OF NON-CANCER HAZARDS
                                                                              REASONABLE MAXIMUM EXPOSURE
                                                                        MID-HUDSON RIVER WATER - Adolescent Resident
             Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
             Medium: River Water
             Exposure Medium:  River Water
             Exposure Point: Mid-Hudson River - Drinking Water
             Receptor Population: Resident
             Receptor Age: Adolescent
Exposure
Route


Ingestion
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

1.16E-05
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/L
Route
EPC
Value

1.16E-05
Route
EPC
Units

mg/L
EPC
Selected
for Hazard
Calculation (1)
M
Intake
(Non-Cancer)


5.9E-07
Intake
(Non-Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
Reference
Dose


7.0E-05
Reference
Dose Units


mg/kg-day
Reference
Concentration


N/A
Reference
Concentration
Units

N/A
Hazard
Quotient


0.0085
                                                                                                                 Total Hazard Index Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways  ||    o.ooas
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for hazard calculation.
                                                                                                                                                                    Gradient Corporation
  \8708676\Mid-Hudson\
  Ragslbls.xlsMW4-9-RME 12/28/99

-------
                                                                                        TABLE 4-9-CT
                                                                           CALCULATION OF NON-CANCER HAZARDS
                                                                               CENTRAL TENDENCY EXPOSURE
                                                                         MID-HUDSON RIVER WATER - Adolescent Resident
             Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
             Medium: River Water
             Exposure Medium: River Water
             Exposure Point: Mid-Hudson River - Drinking Water
             Receptor Population: Resident
             Receptor Age: Adolescent	
Exposure
Route


Ingestion
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

1 .63E-05
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/L
Route
EPC
Value

1.63E-05
Route
EPC
Units

mg/L
EPC
Selected
for Hazard
Calculation (1)
M
Intake
(Non-Cancer)


5.1E-07
Intake
(Non-Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
Reference
Dose


7.0E-05
Reference
Dose Units


mg/kg-day
Reference
Concentration


N/A
Reference
Concentration
Units

N/A
Hazard
Quotient


0.0073
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for hazard calculation.
                                                                                                                  Total Hazard Index Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways  ||    0.0073
  \8708676\Mid-Hudson\
  Ragstbls.)ds\tbl4.9-CT 12/28TC9
                                                                                                                                                                      Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                                          TABLE 4-10-HME
                                                                              CALCULATION OF NON-CANCER HAZARDS
                                                                                 REASONABLE MAXIMUM EXPOSURE
                                                                              MID-HUDSON RIVER WATER-Child Resident
              Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: River Water
              Exposure Medium: River Water
              Exposure Point: Mid-Hudson River - Drinking Water
              Receptor Population: Resident
              Receptor Age: Child	
Exposure
Route


Ingestion
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

1 .40E-05
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/L
Route
EPC
Value

1.40E-05
Route
EPC
Units

mg/L
EPC
Selected
for Hazard
Calculation (1)
M
Intake
(Non -Cancer)


1.3E-06
Intake
(Non-Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
Reference
Dose


7.0E-05
Reference
Dose Units


mg/kg-day
Reference
Concentration


N/A
Reference
Concentration
Units

N/A
Total Hazard Index Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways
Hazard
Quotient


0.019
0.0192
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for hazard calculation.
                                                                                                                                                                          Gradient Corporation
  \8708676\Mid-Hudson\
  Ragstbls xls\tbW-10-RME 12/28/99

-------
                                                                                          TABLE 4-10-CT
                                                                             CALCULATION OF NON-CANCER HAZARDS
                                                                                  CENTRAL TENDENCY EXPOSURE
                                                                             MID-HUDSON RIVER WATER -Child Resident
              Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: River Water
              Exposure Medium:  River Water
              Exposure Point: Mid-Hudson River - Drinking Water
              Receptor Population: Resident
              Receptor Age: Child	
Exposure
Route


Ingestion
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

1.63E-05
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/L
Route
EPC
Value

1.63E-05
Route
EPC
Units

mg/L
EPC
Selected
for Hazard
Calculation (1)
M
Intake
(Non-Cancer)


9.1E-07
Intake
(Non-Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
Reference
Dose


7.0E-05
Reference
Dose Units


mg/kg-day
Reference
Concentration


N/A
Reference
Concentration
Units

N/A
Total Hazard Index Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways
Hazard
Quotient


0.0130
0.0130
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected lor hazard calculation.
                                                                                                                                                                           Gradient Corporation
  \8708676\Mkl-Hudson\
  Ragstbls.xtsMbl'l-IO-CT  12/28/99

-------
                                                                             TABLE4-11-RME
                                                                     CALCULATION OF CANCER RISKS
                                                                    REASONABLE MAXIMUM EXPOSURE
                                                                   MID-HUDSON RIVER FISH - Adult Angler
              Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: Fish
              Exposure Medium:  Fish
              Exposure Point: Mid-Hudson Fish
              Receptor Population: Angler
              Receptor Age: Adult	
Exposure
Route


ngestion
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

0.8
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/kg wt weight
Route
EPC
Value

0.8
Route
EPC
Units

mg/kg wt weight
EPC
Selected
for Risk
Calculation (1 )
M
Intake
(Cancer)


2.1E-04
Intake
(Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
Cancer Slope
Factor


2
Cancer Slope
Factor Units


(mg/kg-day)"1
Cancer
Risk


4.2E-04
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for risk calculation.
                                                                                                     Total Risk Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways  [|    4.2E-04
                                                                                                                                                Gradient Corporation
  \8708676\Mid-Hudson\
  Ragstbls.xls\lbl4-11-RME 12/28/99

-------
                                                                             TABLE 4-11-CT
                                                                     CALCULATION OF CANCER RISKS
                                                                     CENTRAL TENDENCY EXPOSURE
                                                                   MID-HUDSON RIVER FISH - Adult Angler
              Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: Fish
              Exposure Medium:  Fish
              Exposure Point: Mid-Hudson Fish
              Receptor Population: Angler
              Receptor Age: Adult	
Exposure
Route


Ingestion
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

1.2
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/kg wt weight
Route
EPC
Value

1.2
Route
EPC
Units

mg/kg wt weight
EPC
Selected
for Risk
Calculation (1)
M
Intake
(Cancer)


9.3E-06
Intake
(Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
Cancer Slope
Factor


1
Cancer Slope
Factor Units


(mg/kg-day)"1
Cancer
Risk


9.3E-06
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for risk calculation.
                                                                                                      Total Risk Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways  ||    9.3E-06
   \8708676\Mid-Hudson\
   Ragstbls.xls\!bl4-11-CT 12/28/99
                                                                                                                                                 Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                              TABLE 4-12-RME
                                                                      CALCULATION OF CANCER RISKS
                                                                     REASONABLE MAXIMUM EXPOSURE
                                                                MID-HUDSON RIVER SEDIMENT- Adult Recreator
              Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: Sediment
              Exposure Medium: Sediment
              Exposure Point:  Banks of Mid-Hudson
              Receptor Population: Recreator
              Receptor Age: Adult	
Exposure
Route

Ingestion
Dermal
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

0.5
0.5
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/kg
mg/kg
Route
EPC
Value

0.5
0.5
Route
EPC
Units

mg/kg
mg/kg
EPC
Selected
for Risk
Calculation (1 )
M
M

Intake
(Cancer)

3.8E-09
1 .9E-08
Intake
(Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
mg/kg-day
Cancer Slope
Factor

2
2
Cancer Slope
Factor Units

(mg/kg-day)"1
(mg/kg-day)"1
Total Risk Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways
Cancer
Risk

7.6E-09
3^9E-08
4.6E-08
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for risk calculation.
   \8708676\Mid-Hudson\
   Ragstbls.xls\tbl4-12-RME 12/28/99
                                                                                                                                                   Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                              TABLE 4-12-CT
                                                                     CALCULATION OF CANCER RISKS
                                                                     CENTRAL TENDENCY EXPOSURE
                                                               MID-HUDSON RIVER SEDIMENT- Adult Recreator
              Scenario Timeframe:  Current/Future
              Medium: Sediment
              Exposure Medium: Sediment
              Exposure Point: Banks of Mid-Hudson
              Receptor Population:  Recreator
              Receptor Age: Adult           	
Exposure
Route


Ingestion
Dermal
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

0.6
0.6
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/kg
mg/kg
Route
EPC
Value

0.6
0.6
Route
EPC
Units

mg/kg
mg/kg
EPC
Selected
for Risk
Calculation (1)
M
M
Intake
(Cancer)


5.8E-10
2.9E-09
Intake
(Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
mg/kg-day
Cancer Slope
Factor


1
1
Cancer Slope
Factor Units


(mg/kg-day)"1
(mg/kg-day)"1
Total Risk Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways
Cancer
Risk


5.8E-10
2.9E-09
3.5E-09
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for risk calculation.
   \8708676\Mid-Hudson\
   Ragstbls.xls\tbl4-12-CT  12/28/99
                                                                                                                                                  Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                             TABLE 4-13-RME
                                                                     CALCULATION OF CANCER RISKS
                                                                    REASONABLE MAXIMUM EXPOSURE
                                                             MID-HUDSON RIVER SEDIMENT- Adolescent Recreator
              Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: Sediment
              Exposure Medium: Sediment
              Exposure Point:  Banks of Mid-Hudson
              Receptor Population: Recreator
              Receptor Age: Adolescent	
Exposure
Route

Ingestion
Dermal
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

0.5
0.5
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/kg
mg/kg
Route
EPC
Value

0.5
0.5
Route
EPC
Units

mg/kg
mg/kg
EPC
Selected
for Risk
Calculation (1)
M
M
Intake
(Cancer)

1.1E-08
3.3E-08
Intake
(Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
mg/kg-day
Cancer Slope
Factor

2
2
Cancer Slope
Factor Units

(mg/kg-day)"1
(mg/kg-day)'1
Total Risk Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways
Cancer
Risk

2.2E-08
6.7E-08
8.9E-08
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for risk calculation.
  \8708676\Mid-Hudson\
  Ragstbls.xls\tbl4-13-RME 12/28/99
                                                                                                                                                 Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                             TABLE4-13-CT
                                                                    CALCULATION OF CANCER RISKS
                                                                    CENTRAL TENDENCY EXPOSURE
                                                            MID-HUDSON RIVER SEDIMENT- Adolescent Recreator
              Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: Sediment
              Exposure Medium: Sediment
              Exposure Point: Banks of Mid-Hudson
              Receptor Population: Recreator
              Receptor Age:  Adolescent	
Exposure
Route


Ingestion
Dermal
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

0.6
0.6
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/kg
mg/kg
Route
EPC
Value

0.6
0.6
Route
EPC
Units

mg/kg
mg/kg
EPC
Selected
for Risk
Calculation (1)
M
M
Intake
(Cancer)


1 .7E-09
4.9E-09
Intake
(Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
mg/kg-day
Cancer Slope
Factor


1
1
Cancer Slope
Factor Units


(mg/kg-day)"1
(mg/kg-day)"1
Cancer
Risk


1.7E-09
4.9E-09
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for risk calculation.
                                                                                                      I otal Hisk Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways  ||   6.6E-09
                                                                                                                                                Gradient Corporation
   \8708676\Mid-Hudson\
   Ragstbls.xls\tbl4-13-CT 12/28/99

-------
                                                                            TABLE 4-14-RME
                                                                    CALCULATION OF CANCER RISKS
                                                                   REASONABLE MAXIMUM EXPOSURE
                                                              MID-HUDSON RIVER SEDIMENT - Child Recreator
              Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: Sediment
              Exposure Medium:  Sediment
              Exposure Point: Banks of Mid-Hudson
              Receptor Population: Recreator
              Receptor Age: Child            	
Exposure
Route


Ingestion
Dermal
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

0.6
0.6
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/kg
mg/kg
Route
EPC
Value

0.6
0.6
Route
EPC
Units

mg/kg
mg/kg
EPC
Selected
for Risk
Calculation (1 )
M
M
Intake
(Cancer)


1 .2E-08
9.2E-09
Intake
(Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
mg/kg-day
Cancer Slope
Factor


2
2
Cancer Slope
Factor Units


(mg/kg-day)"1
(mg/kg-day)"1
Cancer
Risk


2.4E-08
1.8E-08
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for risk calculation.
                                                                                                     Total Risk Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways  \\   4.2E-08
                                                                                                                                                Gradient Corporation
  \8708676\Mid-Hudson\
  Ragslbls.xls\tbl4-14-RME 12/28/99

-------
                                                                             TABLE 4-14-CT
                                                                    CALCULATION OF CANCER RISKS
                                                                    CENTRAL TENDENCY EXPOSURE
                                                              MID-HUDSON RIVER SEDIMENT - Child Recreator
              Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: Sediment
              Exposure Medium: Sediment
              Exposure Point: Banks of Mid-Hudson
              Receptor Population: Recreator
              Receptor Age:  Child	
Exposure
Route


Ingestion
Dermal
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

0.6
0.6
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/kg
mg/kg
Route
EPC
Value

0.6
0.6
Route
EPC
Units

mg/kg
mg/kg
EPC
Selected
for Risk
Calculation (1 )
M
M
Intake
(Cancer)


3.3E-09
2.6E-09
Intake
(Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
mg/kg-day
Cancer Slope
Factor


1
1
Cancer Slope
Factor Units


(mg/kg-day)"1
(mg/kg-day)"1
Cancer
Risk


3.3E-09
2.6E-09
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for risk calculation.
                                                                                                     Total Risk Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways  H   5.9E-09
                                                                                                                                               Gradient Corporation
   \8708676\Mid-HudSOn\
   Ragslbls.xls\tbl4-14-CT 12/28/99

-------
                                                                            TABLE 4-15-RME
                                                                     CALCULATION OF CANCER RISKS
                                                                    REASONABLE MAXIMUM EXPOSURE
                                                                MID-HUDSON RIVER WATER - Adult Recreator
              Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: River Water
              Exposure Medium:  River Water
              Exposure Point: Mid-Hudson River
              Receptor Population: Recreator
              Receptor Age: Adult
Exposure
Route


Dermal
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

9.18E-06
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/L
Route
EPC
Value

9.18E-06
Route
EPC
Units

mg/L
EPC
Selected
for Risk
Calculation (1 )
M
Intake
(Cancer)


3.5E-08
Intake
(Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
Cancer Slope
Factor


0.4
Cancer Slope
Factor Units


(mg/kg-day)"1
Cancer
Risk


1.4E-08
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for risk calculation.
                                                                                                      Total Risk Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways   |   1.4E-08
  \8708676\Mid-Hudson\
  Ragstbls.xls\Ibl4-15-RME 12/28/99
                                                                                                                                                 Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                             TABLE 4-15-CT
                                                                    CALCULATION OF CANCER RISKS
                                                                    CENTRAL TENDENCY EXPOSURE
                                                                MID-HUDSON RIVER WATER - Adult Recreator
              Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: River Water
              Exposure Medium:  River Water
              Exposure Point: Mid-Hudson River
              Receptor Population: Recreator
              Receptor Age: Adult	
Exposure
Route


Dermal
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

1.49E-05
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/L
Route
EPC
Value

1 .49E-05
Route
EPC
Units

mg/L
EPC
Selected
for Risk
Calculation (1 )
M
Intake
(Cancer)


6.6E-09
Intake
(Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
Cancer Slope
Factor


0.3
Cancer Slope
Factor Units


(mg/kg-day)"1
Cancer
Risk


2.0E-09
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for risk calculation.
                                                                                                      I otal Hisk Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways  ||   2.0E-09
   \8708676\Mid-Hudson\
   Ragstbls.xls\tbl4-15-CT  12/28/99
                                                                                                                                                Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                              TABLE 4-16-RME
                                                                      CALCULATION OF CANCER RISKS
                                                                     REASONABLE MAXIMUM EXPOSURE
                                                               MID-HUDSON RIVER WATER - Adolescent Recreator
              Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: River Water
              Exposure Medium: River Water
              Exposure Point:  Mid-Hudson River
              Receptor Population: Recreator
              Receptor Age: Adolescent	
Exposure
Route


Dermal
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

1.16E-05
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/L
Route
EPC
Value

1.16E-05
Route
EPC
Units

mg/L
EPC
Selected
for Risk
Calculation (1)
M
Intake
(Cancer)


8.1E-08
Intake
(Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
Cancer Slope
Factor


0.4
Cancer Slope
Factor Units


(mg/kg-day)"1
Total Risk Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways
Cancer
Risk


3.2E-08
3.2E-08
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for risk calculation.
                                                                                                                                                   Gradient Corporation
  \8708676\Mid-Hudson\
  Ragstbls.xls\tbl4-16-RME 12/28/99

-------
                                                                             TABLE 4-16-CT
                                                                     CALCULATION OF CANCER RISKS
                                                                     CENTRAL TENDENCY EXPOSURE
                                                             MID-HUDSON RIVER WATER - Adolescent Recreator
              Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: River Water
              Exposure Medium:  River Water
              Exposure Point: Mid-Hudson River
              Receptor Population: Recreator
              Receptor Age: Adolescent	
Exposure
Route


Dermal
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

1 .63E-05
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/L
Route
EPC
Value

1.63E-05
Route
EPC
Units

mg/L
EPC
Selected
for Risk
Calculation (1)
M
Intake
(Cancer)


1.5E-08
Intake
(Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
Cancer Slope
Factor


0.3
Cancer Slope
Factor Units


(mg/kg-day)"'
Cancer
Risk


4.4E-09
                                                                                                      Total Risk Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for risk calculation.
                                                                                                                                                 Gradient Corporation
   \B708676\Mid-HudSOn\
   Ragstbls.xls\tbl4-16-CT 12/28/99

-------
                                                                            TABLE 4-17-RME
                                                                     CALCULATION OF CANCER RISKS
                                                                    REASONABLE MAXIMUM EXPOSURE
                                                                MID-HUDSON RIVER WATER - Child Recreator
              Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: River Water
              Exposure Medium:  River Water
              Exposure Point: Mid-Hudson River
              Receptor Population: Recreator
              Receptor Age: Child	
Exposure
Route


Dermal
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

1 .40E-05
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/L
Route
EPC
Value

1.40E-05
Route
EPC
Units

mg/L
EPC
Selected
for Risk
Calculation (1)
M
Intake
(Cancer)


2.4E-08
Intake
(Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
Cancer Slope
Factor


0.4
Cancer Slope
Factor Units


(mg/kg-day)'1
Cancer
Risk


9.8E-09
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for risk calculation.
                                                                                                      Total Risk Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways  |[   9.8E-Q9
                                                                                                                                                Gradient Corporation
  \8708676\Mid-Hudson\
  Ragslbls.xls\Ibl4-17-RME 12/28/99

-------
                                                                             TABLE 4-17-CT
                                                                     CALCULATION OF CANCER RISKS
                                                                     CENTRAL TENDENCY EXPOSURE
                                                                MID-HUDSON RIVER WATER - Child Recreator
              ScenarioTimefname: Current/Future
              Medium: River Water
              Exposure Medium:  River Water
              Exposure Point:  Mid-Hudson River
              Receptor Population: Recreator
              Receptor Age: Child    	
Exposure
Route


Dermal
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

1.63E-05
Medium
EPC
Units

rng/L
Route
EPC
Value

1 .63E-05
Route
EPC
Units

mg/L
EPC
Selected
for Risk
Calculation (1)
M
Intake
(Cancer)


7.7E-09
Intake
(Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
Cancer Slope
Factor


0.3
Cancer Slope
Factor Units


(mg/kg-day)"1
Cancer
Risk


2.3E-09
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for risk calculation.
                                                                                                      I otal Hisk Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways  ||    2.3E-09
   \8708676\Mid-Hudson\
   Ragstbls.xls\tbl4-17-CT 12/28/99
                                                                                                                                                 Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                             TABLE 4-18-RME
                                                                     CALCULATION OF CANCER RISKS
                                                                    REASONABLE MAXIMUM EXPOSURE
                                                                MID-HUDSON RIVER WATER - Adult Resident
              Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: River Water
              Exposure Medium:  River Water (Drinking Water)
              Exposure Point: Mid-Hudson River
              Receptor Population: Resident
              Receptor Age: Adult	
Exposure
Route


Ingestion
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

9.18E-06
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/L
Route
EPC
Value

9.18E-06
Route
EPC
Units

mg/L
EPC
Selected
for Risk
Calculation (1)
M
Intake
(Cancer)


9.5E-08
Intake
(Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
Cancer Slope
Factor


0.4
Cancer Slope
Factor Units


(mg/kg-day)"1
Cancer
Risk


3.8E-08
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for risk calculation.
                                                                                                      Total Risk Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways  ||   3.8E-08
                                                                                                                                                Gradient Corporation
   \8708676\Mid-Hudson\
   Ragstbls.xls\!bl4-18-RME 12/28/99

-------
                                                                             TABLE 4-18-CT
                                                                     CALCULATION OF CANCER RISKS
                                                                     CENTRAL TENDENCY EXPOSURE
                                                                MID-HUDSON RIVER WATER - Adult Resident
              Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: River Water
              Exposure Medium:  River Water (Drinking Water)
              Exposure Point: Mid-Hudson River
              Receptor Population: Resident
              Receptor Age: Adult	
Exposure
Route


Ingestion
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

1 .49E-05
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/L
Route
EPC
Value

1.49E-05
Route
EPC
Units

mg/L
EPC
Selected
for Risk
Calculation (1 )
M
Intake
(Cancer)


2.0E-08
Intake
(Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
Cancer Slope
Factor


0.3
Cancer Slope
Factor Units


(mg/kg-day)"1
Cancer
Risk


6.1E-09
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for risk calculation.
                                                                                                      Total Risk Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways   ||    6.1E-09
   \8708676\Mid-Hudson\
   Ragstbls.xls\tbl4-1B-CT 12/28/99
                                                                                                                                                 Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                            TABLE 4-19-RME
                                                                    CALCULATION OF CANCER RISKS
                                                                   REASONABLE MAXIMUM EXPOSURE
                                                              MID-HUDSON RIVER WATER - Adolescent Resident
              Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: River Water
              Exposure Medium:  River Water
              Exposure Point: Mid-Hudson River
              Receptor Population: Resident
              Receptor Age: Adolescent	
Exposure
Route


Ingestion
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

1.16E-05
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/L
Route
EPC
Value

1.16E-05
Route
EPC
Units

mg/L
EPC
Selected
for Risk
Calculation (1)
M
Intake
(Cancer)


1.0E-07
Intake
(Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
Cancer Slope
Factor


0.4
Cancer Slope
Factor Units


(mg/kg-day)"'
Cancer
Risk
.

4.1E-08
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for risk calculation.
                                                                                                     Total Risk Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways  [|    4.1E-08
                                                                                                                                                Gradient Corporation
  \8708676\Mid-Hudson\
  Ragslbls.xls\tbl4-19-RME 12/28/99

-------
                                                                             TABLE 4-19-CT
                                                                     CALCULATION OF CANCER RISKS
                                                                     CENTRAL TENDENCY EXPOSURE
                                                              MID-HUDSON RIVER WATER - Adolescent Resident
              Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: River Water
              Exposure Medium:  River Water (Drinking Water)
              Exposure Point: Mid-Hudson River
              Receptor Population: Resident
              Receptor Age: Adolescent              	
Exposure
Route


Ingestion
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

1 .63E-05
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/L
Route
EPC
Value

1 .63E-05
Route
EPC
Units

mg/L
EPC
Selected
for Risk
Calculation (1 )
Intake
(Cancer)


M 2.2E-08
Intake
(Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
Cancer Slope
Factor


0.3
Cancer Slope
Factor Units


(mg/kg-day)"1
Cancer
Risk


6.5E-09
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for risk calculation.
                                                                                                      i otai HISK Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways   |    6.5E-09
   \8708676\Mid-HudSOn\
   Ragstbls.xls\tbM-19-CT 12/28/99
                                                                                                                                                 Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                            TABLE 4-20-RME
                                                                    CALCULATION OF CANCER RISKS
                                                                   REASONABLE MAXIMUM EXPOSURE
                                                                MID-HUDSON RIVER WATER - Child Resident
              Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: River Water
              Exposure Medium:  River Water
              Exposure Point: Mid-Hudson River
              Receptor Population: Resident
              Receptor Age: Child
Exposure
Route


Ingestion
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

1 .40E-05
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/L
Route
EPC
Value

1.40E-05
Route
EPC
Units

mg/L
EPC
Selected
for Risk
Calculation (1 )
M
Intake
(Cancer)


1.15E-07
Intake
(Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
Cancer Slope
Factor


0.4
Cancer Slope
Factor Units


(mg/kg-day)"1
Cancer
Risk


4.6E-08
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for risk calculation.
                                                                                                     Total Risk Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways  ||    4.6E-08
  \8708676\Mid-HudSOn\
  Ragslbls.xls\lbl4-20-RME 12/28/99
                                                                                                                                                Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                             TABLE 4-20-CT
                                                                    CALCULATION OF CANCER RISKS
                                                                    CENTRAL TENDENCY EXPOSURE
                                                                MID-HUDSON RIVER WATER - Child Resident
              Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
              Medium: River Water
              Exposure Medium:  River Water
              Exposure Point:  Mid-Hudson River
              Receptor Population: Resident
              Receptor Age: Child	
Exposure
Route


Ingestion
Chemical
of Potential
Concern

PCBs
Medium
EPC
Value

1.63E-05
Medium
EPC
Units

mg/L
Route
EPC
Value

1 .63E-05
Route
EPC
Units

mg/L
EPC
Selected
tor Risk
Calculation (1)
M
Intake
(Cancer)


3.9E-08
Intake
(Cancer)
Units

mg/kg-day
Cancer Slope
Factor


0.3
Cancer Slope
Factor Units


(mg/kg-day)"1
Cancer
Risk


1.2E-08
(1)   Specify Medium-Specific (M) or Route-Specific (R) EPC selected for risk calculation.
                                                                                                      Total Risk Across All Exposure Routes/Pathways  ||    1.2E-08
   \8708676\Mid-HudSOn\
   Ragstbls.xls\tbl4-20-CT 12/28/99
                                                                                                                                                 Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                                         TABLE 4-21-RME

                                                                      SUMMARY OF RECEPTOR RISKS AND HAZARDS FOR COPCs

                                                                                REASONABLE MAXIMUM EXPOSURE

                                                                                  MID-HUDSON RIVER - Adult Angler
          Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
          Receptor Population: Angler
         [[Receptor Age:  Adult	
Medium
Fish
Exposure
Medium
Fish
Exposure
Point
Mid-Hudson Fish
Chemical
PCBs
Carcinogenic Risk
Ingestion
4.2E-04
Inhalation

Dermal
-
Total Risk Across Fish
Total Risk Across All Media and All Exposure Routes
Exposure
Routes Total
4.2E-04
4.2E-04
4.2E-04
Chemical
PCBs
Non-Carcinogenic Hazard Quotient
Primary
Target Organ
Immune System
Ingestion
30
Inhalation
--
Dermal
-
Total Hazard Index Across All Media and All Exposure Routes
Exposure
Routes Total
30
I 30

                                                                                                                                                                Total Immune System HI = ||      30
W708676Wlid-Hudson\
RagslDlsxlsUbW-21-RME 12/28/99
                                                                                                                                                                            Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                                      TABLE 4-21-CT

                                                                   SUMMARY OF RECEPTOR RISKS AND HAZARDS FOR COPCs
                                                                              CENTRAL TENDENCY EXPOSURE

                                                                              MID-HUDSON RIVER - Adult Angler

Medium
Fish

Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
Receptor Population: Angler
Receptor Age: Adult

Exposure
Medium
Fish
Exposure
Point
Mid-Hudson Fish

Chemical
PCBs
Carcinogenic Risk
Ingestion
9.3E-06
Inhalation
-
Dermal
-
Total Risk Across Fish
Total Risk Across All Media and All Exposure Routes
Exposure
Routes Total
9.3E-06
9.3E-06
9.3E-06

Chemical

PCBs
Non-Carcinogenic Hazard Quotient
Primary
Target Organ
Immune System
Ingestion
3
Inhalation
--
Dermal
-
Total Hazard Index Across All Media and All Exposure Routes
Exposure
Routes Total
3
3

                                                                                                                                                          Total Immune System HI = |       3     |l
\870B676\Wri-Hudson\
Ragslbte.xlsMbM-21-CT 12/28/99
                                                                                                                                                                      Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                                           TABLE 4-22-RME
                                                                       SUMMARY OF RECEPTOR RISKS AND HAZARDS FOR COPCs
                                                                                  REASONABLE MAXIMUM EXPOSURE
                                                                                  MID-HUDSON RIVER - Adult Recreator
          (Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
          Receptor Population: Recreator
          [Receptor Age:  Adult	
Medium
Sediment
River Water
Exposure
Medium
Sediment
River Water
Exposure
Point
Banks of Mid-Hudson
Mid-Hudson River
Chemical
PCBs
PCBs
Carcinogenic Risk
Ingestion
7.6E-09
Inhalation
-
Dermal
3.9E-08
1.4E-08
Total Risk Across Sediment
Total Risk Across River Water
Total Risk Across All Media and All Exposure Routes
Exposure
Routes Total
4.6E-08
1.4E-08
4.6E-08
1.4E-08
6.0E-08
Chemical
PCBs
PCBs
Non-Carcinogenic Hazard Quotient
Primary
Target Organ
Low Birth Weight
Low Birth Weight
Ingestion
0.000
Inhalation
-
Dermal
0.001
0.0015
Total Hazard Index Across All Media and All Exposure Routes
Total Low Birth Weight HI =
Exposure
Routes Total
0.001
0.0015
0.003

0.003 I
                                                                                                                                                                              Gradient Corporation
\8708676\Mid-HudsonV
Ragslbls xls\lbl4-22-RUE 12/28/99

-------
            enario Timeframe: Current/Future
            ceptor Population:  Recreator
            ceptor Age: Adult	
                                                                                           TABLE 4-22-CT

                                                                       SUMMARY OF RECEPTOR RISKS AND HAZARDS FOR COPCs
                                                                                   CENTRAL TENDENCY EXPOSURE

                                                                                  MID-HUDSON RIVER - Adult Recreator
Medium
Sediment
River Water
Exposure
Medium
Sediment
River Water
Exposure
Point
Banks of Mid-Hudson
Mid-Hudson River
Chemical
PCBs
PCBs
Carcinogenic Risk
Ingestion
5.8E-10
Inhalation

Dermal
2.9E-09
2.0E-09
Total Risk Across Sediment
Total Risk Across River Water
Total Risk Across All Media and All Exposure Routes
Exposure
Routes Total
3.5E-09
2.0E-09
3.5E-09
2.0E-09
5.5E-09
Chemical

PCBs
PCBs
Non-Carcinogenic Hazard Quotient
Primary
Target Organ
Low Birth Weight
Low Birth Weight
Ingestion
0.000
Inhalation
-
Dermal
0.001
0.0013
Total Hazard Index Across All Media and All Exposure Routes
Total Low Birth Weight HI =
Exposure
Routes Total
0.001
0.0013
0.002

0.002 I
                                                                                                                                                                               Gradient Corporation
\8708676\Mid-Hudson\
Ragstbis.xls\tbM-22-CT  12/28/99

-------
                                                                                       TABLE 4-23-RME
                                                                     SUMMARY OF RECEPTOR RISKS AND HAZARDS FOR COPCs
                                                                               REASONABLE MAXIMUM EXPOSURE
                                                                             MID-HUDSON RIVER - Adolescent Recreator

Medium
Sediment
River Water
Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
Receptor Population: Recreator
Receptor Age: Adolescent

Exposure
Medium
Sediment
River Water
Exposure
Point
Banks of Mid-Hudson
Mid-Hudson River

Chemical
PCBs
PCBs
Carcinogenic Risk
Ingestion
2.2E-08
Inhalation

Dermal
6.7E-08
3.2E-08
Total Risk Across Sedimenl
Total Risk Across River Water
Total Risk Across All Media and All Exposure Routes
Exposure
Routes Total
8.9E-08
3.2E-08
8.9E-08
3.2E-08
1 .2E-07
Chemical
PCBs
PCBs
Non-Carcinogenic Hazard Quotient
Primary
Target Organ
Low Birth Weight
Low Birth Weight
Ingestion
0.001
Inhalation
-
Dermal
0.003
0.007
Total Hazard Index Across All Media and All Exposure Routes

Exposure
Routes Total
0.004
0.0067
0.010

Total Low Birth Weight HI = || 0.010 |
                                                                                                                                                                        Gradient Corporation
\8708676\Mid-Hudson\
Ragslbls xis\lbl4-23-RME  12/28/99

-------
                                                                                           TABLE 4-23-CT

                                                                       SUMMARY OF RECEPTOR RISKS AND HAZARDS FOR COPCs

                                                                                   CENTRAL TENDENCY EXPOSURE

                                                                               MID-HUDSON RIVER - Adolescent Recreator
          Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
          Receptor Population: Recreator
         [[Receptor Age:  Adolescent	
Medium
Sediment
River Water
Exposure
Medium
Sediment
River Water
Exposure
Point
Banks of Mid-Hudson
Mid-Hudson River
Chemical
PCBs
PCBs
Carcinogenic Risk
Ingestion
1.7E-09
Inhalation

Dermal
4.9E-09
4.4E-09
Total Risk Across Sediment
Total Risk Across River Water
Total Risk Across All Media and All Exposure Routes
Exposure
Routes Total
6.6E-09
4.4E-09
6.6E-09
4.4E-09
1.1E-08
Chemical
PCBs
PCBs
Non-Carcinogenic Hazard Quotient
Primary
Target Organ
Low Birth Weight
Low Birth Weight
Ingestion
0.001
Inhalation
--
Dermal
0.002
0.0049
Exposure
Routes Total
0.002
0.0049
Total Hazard Index Across All Media and All Exposure Routes || 0.007


Total Low Birth Weight HI - 1| 0.007 ||
\8708676\Mtt-Hudson\
Ragstbls.xlsMbl4-23.CT 12/28/99
                                                                                                                                                                               Gradient Corporation

-------
          Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
          Receptor Population:  Recreator
         [[Receptor Age: Child	
                                                                                          TABLE 4-24-RME
                                                                       SUMMARY OF RECEPTOR RISKS AND HAZARDS FOR COPCs
                                                                                  REASONABLE MAXIMUM EXPOSURE
                                                                                  MID-HUDSON RIVER - Child Recreator
Medium
Sediment
River Water
Exposure
Medium
Sediment
River Water
Exposure
Point
Banks of Mid-Hudson
Mid-Hudson River
Chemical
PCBs
PCBs
Carcinogenic Risk
Ingestion
2.4E-08
Inhalation

Dermal
1.8E-08
9.8E-09
Total Risk Across Sediment
Total Risk Across River Water
Total Risk Across All Media and All Exposure Routes
Exposure
Routes Total
4.2E-08
9.8E-09
4.2E-08
9.8E-09
5.2E-08
Chemical

PCBs
PCBs
Non-Carcinogenic Hazard Quotient
Primary
Target Organ
Low Birth Weight
Low Birth Weight
Ingestion
0.002
Inhalation
-
Dermal
0.002
0.0041
Total Hazard Index Across All Media and All Exposure Routes
Total Low Birth Weight HI =
Exposure
Routes Total
0.003
0.0041
0.008

0.008 I
\8708676\MU-HljdsonV
Ragstbls.xls\tt>l4-24-RME 12/26/99
                                                                                                                                                                              Cradiml Corporation

-------
                                                                                           TABLE 4-24-CT

                                                                      SUMMARY OF RECEPTOR RISKS AND HAZARDS FOR COPCs

                                                                                   CENTRAL TENDENCY EXPOSURE

                                                                                 MID-HUDSON RIVER - Child Recrealor
         [Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
         Receptor Population:  Recreator
         [Receptor Age:  Child	
Medium
Sediment
River Water
Exposure
Medium
Sediment
River Water
Exposure
Point
Chemical
Banks ol Mid-Hudson IPCBs
Mid-Hudson River PCBs
Carcinogenic Risk
Ingestion
3.3E-09
Inhalation

Dermal
2.6E-09
2.3E-09
Total Risk Across Sediment
Total Risk Across River Water
Total Risk Across All Media and All Exposure Routes
Exposure
Routes Total
5.9E-09
2.3E-09
5.9E-09
2.3E-09
8.2E-09
Chemical

PCBs
PCBs
Non-Carcinogenic Hazard Quotient
Primary
Target Organ
Low Birth Weight
Low Birth Weight
Ingestion
0.001
Inhalation
--
Dermal
0.001
0.0026
Total Hazard Index Across All Media and All Exposure Routes
Total Low Birth Weight HI =
Exposure
Routes Total
0.002
0.0026
0.005

0.005
                                                                                                                                                                               Gradient Corporation
\8708676\M kJ-HudsonV
Ragstbls.xisMbW-24-CT 12/28/99

-------
                                                                                           TABLE 4-25-RME
                                                                        SUMMARY OF RECEPTOR RISKS AND HAZARDS FOR COPCs
                                                                                  REASONABLE MAXIMUM EXPOSURE
                                                                                   MID-HUDSON RIVER - Adult Resident
           Scenario Timeframe:  Current/Future
           Receptor Population:  Resident
           Receptor Age:  Adult	
Medium
River Water
Exposure
Medium
River Water
Exposure
Point
Mid-Hudson River
Chemical
PCBs
Carcinogenic Risk
Ingestion
3.8E-08
Inhalation
-
Dermal
--
Exposure
Routes Total
3.8E-08
Total Risk Across All Media and All Exposure Routes | 3.8E-08
Chemical

PCBs
Non-Carcinogenic Hazard Quotient
Primary
Target Organ
Low Birth Weight
Ingestion
0.0041
Inhalation
-
Dermal
-
Exposure
Routes Total
0.0041
Total Hazard Index Across All Media and All Exposure Routes | 0.004
                                                                                                                                                                   Total Low Birth Weight HI = ||    0.004
\8708676\MKj-Hudson\
Ragslbls.xlsMbU-25-RME 12/28/99
                                                                                                                                                                                Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                                           TABLE 4-25-CT

                                                                      SUMMARY OF RECEPTOR RISKS AND HAZARDS FOR COPCs
                                                                                   CENTRAL TENDENCY EXPOSURE

                                                                                  MID-HUDSON RIVER - Adult Resident
          Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
          Receptor Population: Resident
          Receptor Age:  Adult	
Medium
River Water
Exposure
Medium
River Water
Exposure
Point
Mid-Hudson River
Chemical
PCBs
Carcinogenic Risk
Ingestion
Inhalation
6.1E-09 |
Dermal
—
Exposure
Routes Total
6.1E-09
Chemical
PCBs
Non-Carcinogenic Hazard Quotient
Primary
Target Organ
Low Birth Weight
Ingestion
Inhalation
0.0041 |
Dermal
•-
Exposure
Routes Total
0.0041
Total Risk Across All Media and All Exposure Routes || 6.1E-09 	 || Total Hazard Index Across All Media and All Exposure Routes || 0.004
                                                                                                                                                                   Total Low Birth Weight HI = ||    0.004    ||
\870S676\M id-Hudsoni
Ragstbls.xls\lbl4-25.CT
                                                                                                                                                                               Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                                           TABLE 4-26-RME
                                                                       SUMMARY OF RECEPTOR RISKS AND HAZARDS FOR COPCs
                                                                                  REASONABLE MAXIMUM EXPOSURE
                                                                                MID-HUDSON RIVER - Adolescent Resident
          [Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
          Receptor Population:  Resident
         [[Receptor Age:  Adolescent	
Medium
River Water
Exposure
Medium
River Water
Exposure
Point
Mid-Hudson River
Chemical
PCBs
Carcinogenic Risk
Ingestion
4.1E-08
Inhalation
--
Dermal
-
Total Risk Across All Media and All Exposure Routes
Exposure
Routes Total
4.1E-08
4.1E-08
Chemical
PCBs
Non-Carcinogenic Hazard Quotient
Primary
Target Organ
aw Birth Weig
Ingestion
0.0085
Inhalation
--
Dermal
-
Total Hazard Index Across All Media and All Exposure Routes
Exposure
Routes Total
0.0085
0.008
                                                                                                                                                                  Total Low Birth Weight HI = ||    0.008
                                                                                                                                                                               Gradient Corporation
\S708676\Mld-Hudson\
Ragslbls.xls\lbM-26-RME 12/28/99

-------
                                                                                           TABLE 4-26-CT

                                                                       SUMMARY OF RECEPTOR RISKS AND HAZARDS FOR COPCs

                                                                                   CENTRAL TENDENCY EXPOSURE

                                                                                MID-HUDSON RIVER - Adolescent Resident
         pcenario Timeframe: Current/Future
          Receptor Population:  Resident
         [Receptor Age:  Adolescent	
Medium
River Water
Exposure
Medium
River Water
Exposure
Point
Chemical
Mid-Hudson River PCBs
Carcinogenic Risk
Ingestion
Inhalation
6.5E-09 |
Dermal
-
Exposure
Routes Total
6.5E-09
Total Risk Across All Media and All Exposure Routes || 6.5E-09
Chemical

PCBs
Non-Carcinogenic Hazard Quotient
Primary
Target Organ
Low Birth Weight
Ingestion
0.0073
Inhalation

Dermal
-
Exposure
Routes Total
0.0073
Total Hazard Index Across All Media and All Exposure Routes l| 0.007
                                                                                                                                                                    Total Low Birth Weight HI = [|     0.007
\a708676\Mid-Hudson\
Ragstbls.xlsMbW-26-CT 12/28199
                                                                                                                                                                                Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                                           TABLE 4-27-RME
                                                                       SUMMARY OF RECEPTOR RISKS AND HAZARDS FOR COPCs
                                                                                  REASONABLE MAXIMUM EXPOSURE
                                                                                   MID-HUDSON RIVER - Child Resident
          Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
          Receptor Population:  Resident
          Receptor Age:  Child	
Medium
River Water
Exposure
Medium
River Water
Exposure
Point
Mid-Hudson River
Chemical
PCBs
Carcinogenic Risk
Ingestion
Inhalation
4.6E-08 |
Dermal
-•
Exposure
Routes Total
4.6E-08
Chemical

PCBs
Non-Carcinogenic Hazard Quotient
Primary
Target Organ
Low Birth Weight
Ingestion
0.0192
Inhalation
-
Dermal
-
Total Risk Across All Media and All Exposure Routes || 4.6E-08 j Total Hazard Index Across All Media and All Exposure Routes
Exposure
Routes Total
0.0192
0.019
                                                                                                                                                                   Total Low Birth Weight HI = ||     0.019     ||
\B708676VMtt-HudsorA
RagstblsxlsMbH-27-RME 12/28/99
                                                                                                                                                                                Gradient Corporation

-------
                                                                                           TABLE 4-27-CT

                                                                       SUMMARY OF RECEPTOR RISKS AND HAZARDS FOR COPCs
                                                                                   CENTRAL TENDENCY EXPOSURE

                                                                                  MID-HUDSON RIVER -Child Resident
          Scenario Timeframe: Current/Future
          Receptor Population:  Resident
          Receptor Age:  Child	
Medium
River Water
Exposure
Medium
River Water
Exposure
Point
Mid-Hudson River
Chemical
PCBs
Carcinogenic Risk
Ingestion
Inhalation
1 .2E-08 |
Dermal
-
Exposure
Routes Total
1 .2E-08
Chemical
PCBs
Non-Carcinogenic Hazard Quotient
Primary
Target Organ
Low Birth Weight
Ingestion
0.0130
Inhalation
--
Dermal
--
Total Risk Across All Media and All Exposure Routes || 1.2E-08 || Total Hazard Index Across All Media and All Exposure Routes
Exposure
Routes Total
0.0130
0.013
                                                                                                                                                                   Total Low Birth Weight HI = ||    0.013    ||
\8708676\Mid-Hudson\
Ragslbte.xlsMbl4.27-CT 12/28/99
                                                                                                                                                                               Gradient Corporation

-------
Figures

-------
                                                                 Figure 2-1
                                              Average PCB Concentration in Brown Bullhead
                                                             Mid-Hudson River
   2.0
   1.8 - •
   1.6 -
   1.4  •
                                 •River Miles 153.5-123.5
                                  (Farley Segments 1-3)

                                 •River Miles 123.5-93.5
                                  (Farley Segments 4-6)

                                 • River Miles 93.5 - 63.5 (Farley
                                  Segments 7-9)
O)
f,ot
c
O
   0.8
   0.6
   0.4  -
   0.2 -
  0.0
     1995
                  2000
                               2005
                                            2010
                                                         2015
2020

Year
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
                                                                                                                               Gradient Corporation

-------
   0.7
   0.6-
   0.5 -
   0.4
o
g  0.3
c

-------
   3.50
                                                                  Figure 2-3
                                              Average PCB Concentration in Largemouth Bass
                                                              Mid-Hudson River
3.00 •
   2.50 -
a
a>
5  2.00


f
c
o
«  1.50 f
o
u
   1.00 -
   0.50  •
   0.00
                                                                                                          -River Miles 153.5 -123.5 (Farley
                                                                                                           Segments 1-3)

                                                                                                          - River Miles 123.5 - 93.5 (Farley
                                                                                                           Segments 4-6)

                                                                                                          - River Miles 93.5 - 63.5 (Farley
                                                                                                           Segments 7-9)
                                                                                                                                -4-
      1995
                2000
2005         2010          2015         2020         2025          2030         2035          2040          2045

                                        Year
                                                                                                                                Gradient Corporation

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                                                                 Figure 2-4
                                                Average PCB Concentration in Striped Bass
                                                              Mid-Hudson River
   8.00
   7.00  -
   6.00
oi
«  5.00
en

f 4.00

c
o

I
c
g  3.00
c
o
o
   2.00  •
   1.00
-River Miles 153.5-123.5
 (Farley Segments 1 -3)

-River Miles 123.5-93.5
 (Farley Segments 4-6)

- River Miles 93.5 - 63.5
 (Farley Segments 7-9)
                                                                                                                2035
                                                                                                                              2040
                                                                                                                                           2045
                                                                                                                                 Gradient Corporation

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   1.6
   1.4 -•
   1.2  •
   1.0
o>

f 0.8
o
o
o
   0.4 -
   0.2 •
   0.0
     1995
                                                               Figure 2-5
                                              Average PCB Concentration in White Perch
                                                            Mid-Hudson River
                                                                                   White Perch (Farley Segmentsl - 9)
                                                                             -i-
2000           2005           2010          2015           2020           2025          2030           2035           2040
                                                   Year
                                                                                                                            Gradient Corporation

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                                                                 Figure 2-6
                                     Average PCB Concentration by Species (averaged over location)
                                                             Mid-Hudson River
   3.50
   3.00
•y 2.50
£
O)
   2.00
I
I  1.50
co
 c
O  1.00
   0.50
                                                                                         —•— Brown Bullhead
                                                                                           •  Yellow Perch
                                                                                         —A— Largemouth Bass
                                                                                         —X— Striped Bass
                                                                                         —X— White Perch
   0.00
      1995
2000
             2005
                          2010
                                       2015
2020
Year
                                                                 2025
                          2030
2035
                                                                                                         2040
                                                                                                                      2045
                                                                                                                              Gradient Corporation

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   0.9
   0.8 -•
   0.7
   0.6

"3

E. 0.5
c
IO

I
§  0.4 -f
c
o
o

   0.3
   0.2
   0.1 --
   0.0
     1995
                                                                   Figure 2-7
                                               Average Total PCB Concentration in Sediment
                                                              Mid-Hudson River
                                                            -River Miles 153.5-143.5
                                                             (Farley Segment 1)

                                                            -River Miles 73.5-63.5
                                                             (Farley Segment 9)

                                                            •Overall Average, River
                                                             Miles 153.5-63.5 (Farley
                                                             Segments 1-9)
                  2000
                                2005
2010
2015
2020
Year
                                                                                     2025
                                                     2030
                                                     2035
                                                                                2040
                                                                                                                                           2045
                                                                                                                                  Gradient Corporation

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                                                                        Figure 2-8
                                                   Average Total PCB Concentration in River Water
                                                                    Mid-Hudson River
       0.035
       0.030 -•
       0.025
       0.020
    c
    o
    *^
    S


    I
    o
    u
0.015-
       0.010 -
       0.005
                                                                                                         -River Miles 153.5-143.5
                                                                                                          (Farley Segment 1)

                                                                                                         -River Miles 73.5-63.5
                                                                                                          (Farley Segment 9)

                                                                                                         -Overall Average, River
                                                                                                          Miles 153.5-63.5 (Farley
                                                                                                          Segments 1 -9)
       0.000
           1995
                 2000
                              2005
                                            2010
                                                         2015
2020

Year
                                                                                    2025
                                                                                                 2030
2035
             2040
                           2045
Convert to nig/L by dividing by 1000 for comparison to Table 2-10.
                                                                                                                                 Gradient Corporation

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LEGEND

— 75  RIVER MILE (RM) UPSTREAM OF THE BATTERY
1UP SOURCE BH DATA > HAPS. SHAPEHLB
           SCALE IN MILES

         10   5   0       10
         PLATE  •1
                                           MID-HUDSON RIVER
                                               STUDY AREA
       Gradient Corporation

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