-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
2.0 PROCESS DESCRIPTION *2
2.1 DECREASING PROCESS 2
2.2 SOLVENT RECOVERY PROCESS 3
2.3 DEGREASER SCHEDULE 5
3.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES 6
3.1 CONTINUOUS MONITORING - CARBON BED INLET AND OUTLET 6
3.2 INLET AND OUTLET INTEGRATED BAG SAMPLES 6
3.3 INLET AND OUTLET FLASK SAMPLES 8
3.4 FLOW RATES 9
3.5 PROPERTY LINE SAMPLES , ', 9
4.0 LOCATION OF SAMPLING POINTS 11
5.0 SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 14
5.1 CONTINUOUS MONITORING 14
5.2 INTEGRATED BAG SAMPLES 14
5.3 PROPERTY LINE SAMPLES 20
5.4 OUTLET FLASK SAMPLES 20
6.0 SOLVENT RECOVERY EFFICIENCY 23
7.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 24
APPENDIX A TEST SCHEDULE
APPENDIX B VELOCITY TRAVERSE SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
APPENDIX C MASS EMISSION RATE CALCULATIONS
APPEND IX .D CONTROL DEVICE EFFICIENCY
APPENDIX E RAW DATA
SCOTT ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY. INC.
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SET 1559 01 0776
1.0 INTRODUCTION
During the week of June 21, 1976 Scott Environmental Technology,
Inc. performed hydrocarbon measurements on a solvent vapor degreaser and
carbon adsorption bed installed at H & H Screw Manufacturing Company
in Ashton, Rhode Island. The test program was conducted for the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency under Contract #68-02-1400, Task No. 25, under the
supervision of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency personnel.
Hydrocarbon emissions, as trichloroethylene, were monitored at
the inlet and outlet of a Baron-Blakeslee dual chamber carbon adsorption
bed control device. The device was being used to recover trichloroethylene
from the exhaust air of a metal parts degreasing unit. Periodic "fence line"
samples were also taken in order to establish downwind concentrations of
trichloroethylene escaping from the plant. .
The primary objectives of the program were to determine the
outlet emission rate of the hydrocarbon solvent used in the degreasing
process, and the concentration in the atmosphere in the vicinity of the
manufacturing plant. Identification of other compounds present in the
outlet gas stream from the carbon adsorption bed was made from analysis
of flask samples taken at that location.
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SET 1559 01 0776
2.0 PROCESS DESCRIPTION
2.1 DECREASING PROCESS
H ft H Screw Manufacturing, Inc. manufactures small precision-
machined parts from brass, steel, copper and aluminum. In the machirting
process, petroleum-based cutting oils and lubricants are used. After
machining is completed, these oils are removed from the parts by a de-
greasing process using trichloroethylene as the solvent.
The main degreaser unit consists of a housing enclosing the
solvent baths and a chain conveyor mechanism for carrying baskets of
parts through the solvent baths. The working amount of trichloroethylene
used in this unit is approximately 300 gallons or 3660 pounds.
Plastic baskets containing the metal parts to be degreased are
2
manually loaded through an open access port of approximately 12 ft. at
the front of the housing. The conveyor mechanism, designed 'to hold 12
baskets, each approximately 6" high by 8" wide by 18" long, carries the
baskets through two immersion baths and through vapor-laden air over a
third solvent tank. The baskets then pass by cooling coils which condense
some of the solvent vapors being dragged out by the baskets. The conveyor
then returns the baskets to the access port at the front of the degreaser
housing, where they are manually removed and loaded into one end of an
inclined drying tunnel. They are left in the tunnel until most of the
remaining solvent has evaporated and been vented away, after which they
are removed from the other end of the tunnel.
The vent from the main degreaser is located behind the conveyor
at the access port in order to draw room air into the port and minimize
escape of solvent vapors through the port. The vent from the drying tunnel
is located at the top, approximately three feet from the loading end of the
tunnel. Air is drawn in both ends of the tunnel, over the baskets, and out
through the vent. A small open pit degreaser is also vented to the carbon
bed but this unit is only used occasionally, usually to clean the plastic
baskets which carry the metal parts. When not in use, this unit is closed
with a plywood cover.
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SET 1559 01 0776
The vented air from the degreasers and the drying tunnel is
ducted to the carbon adsorption bed, which removes the solvent vapors.
All gases from the carbon adsorption bed are vented out by a stack
which goes through the roof of the building. This stack stands about
19-1/2 feet above ground level, and is covered on top by a rain shield,
which greatly reduces the vertical gas velocity. A schematic of the
degreasing and solvent recovery system is shown in Figure 2-1.
2.2 SOLVENT RECOVERY PROCESS
The Baron-Blakeslee Model CAV 4.5 dual chamber carbon adsorption
bed serves the purposes of hydrocarbon emission control and process
solvent recovery. Each of two carbon beds contains 1,050 pounds of
activated charcoal. The unit is designed such that only one carbon bed
at a time is on the line. With one bed on the line, the unit is rated
to handle 1,700 CFM of air. The actual flow rates during testing were
less than that, averaging approximately 1,367 CFM.
The working capacity of solvent in each tank is approximately
150 pounds of trichloroethylene, but this degree of saturation was not
reached by the end of the adsorption cycle.
The adsorption phase on each bed lasts 270 minutes. At the
end of this phase, the gas stream is switched to the second bed and the
first bed, partially saturated with trichloroethylene, is steam purged
for 70 minutes. The vapor from the steam purge is distilled, the water
and solvent phases separated, and the distilled solvent is returned to
the solvent storage tank for reuse in the degreasing process. Calcula-
tions made by Dick Selznik, Baron-Blakeslee's representative at the test
site, indicated that between 60 and 75 pounds of solvent were being
returned during each steam purge-distillation phase. After completion
of the steam purge phase, the carbon bed is flushed with ambient air for
20 minutes to remove residual steam and solvent traces, and to cool the
carbon bed. After the bed has been flushed, it remains idle and continues
to cool until the second bed completes its 270 minute adsorption phase,
at which time the first bed is placed back on the line and steam purging
of the second bed beginsr.
SCOn ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNO1OGY, INC.
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SET 1559 01 0776
The duration of each phase of the adsorption-desorption cycle
can be varied by adjusting the unit controls. The times given here are
those used during the test program.
2.3 DEGREASER SCHEDULE
The degreasing process was run under variable conditions during
testing. At different times during the test program, the process load
varied frequently between the degreaser being shut down and empty, and
the degreaser running at full capacity with the drying tunnel full of
solvent-laden baskets. These variations were reflected in the inlet
solvent concentrations, but had little effect on the outlet concentrations.
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SET 1559 01 0776
3.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
Figure 3-1 is a schematic representation of the sampling and
analytical system set up and operated by Scott personnel. The system
and its components are described below.
3.1 CONTINUOUS MONITORING - CARBON BED INLET AND OUTLET
Trichloroethylene concentrations at the inlet and outlet of the
carbon adsorption beds were measured alternately on a continuous basis
for the first two days, and outlet concentrations only were measured con-
tinuously during the last two days.
Samples were drawn through stainless steel probes seated in
fittings in the inlet and outlet ducts.
Stainless steel sample lines, resistance heated to 250 -300 F,
ran from the inlet and outlet probes to a selector valve which allowed
quick changeover between inlet and outlet sampling modes. From the
selector valve the samples were drawn through a heated pump and trans-
ported into a Scott Model 215 total hydrocarbon analyzer and the output
of the analyzer recorded continuously on an Esterline Angus strip chart
recorder.
The Scott 215 hydrocarbon analyzer is a heated flame ionization
detector fueled by a 40% blend of hydrogen in helium, using blended air
as an oxidant. The instrument was calibrated and zeroed periodically
using a Scott close-tolerance (± 2.0%) blend of 257 ppm trichloroethylene
in air as the span gas, and a Scott blend of hydrocarbon free air (< 0.1
ppm-C) as the zero gas.
During process operations the strip chart recording was marked
with appropriate information concerning process variations, control device
configuration, and instrument attenuation.
3.2 INLET AND OUTLET INTEGRATED BAG SAMPLES
For the first two days of the test program both inlet and out-
let integrated bag samples were taken. For the remaining two days, only
outlet samples were taken.
SCOn ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY, INC
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Integrated
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Inlet
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Bag
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Flow Meters
Teflon
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Strip
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Recorder
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SET 1559 01 0776
Integrated bag samplers consisted of 150 liter tedlar bags
enclosed in airtight drums, with inlet fittings and check valves connected
to the sample bags, and evacuation fittings on the drums. Before sampling,
the tedlar bags were evacuated, then connected to unheated teflon sample
lines running from stainless steel probes in the ducts. The evacuation
ports on the drums were connected to flow meters, and the flow meters were,
in turn, plumbed to a vacuum pump. Independent flow control valves
allowed adjustment of flow rates from each sample drum. As the air spaces
in the drums around the bags were evacuated, the tedlar bags would expand,
drawing in a sample from the ducts. Flow rates were set so that one
sample could be taken over the course of an entire cycle.
After collection of the sample, analysis was performed using a
Perkin-Elmer Model 900 gas chromatograph. This instrument utilized a heated
flame ionization detector fueled by 100% hydrogen in a pure oxygen atmosphere.
The chromatographic column used was Supelco 20% SP 2100/.1% Carbowax 1500
on 100/120 mesh Supelcoport, packed in a 10' by 1/8" length of stainless
steel tubing. The column was operated isothermally at 79 C using a nitrogen
carrier gas flow of approximately 20 cc/min.
Prior to and after injection of an integrated bag sample, a
calibration gas containing 3.76 ppm trichloroethylene was injected. Cali-
bration and sample peaks were recorded on a Varian Aerograph strip chart
recorder. The strip chart was marked with appropriate data concerning
calibration gas concentrations, sample origins, loop temperature and
instrument attenuation.
3.3 INLET AND OUTLET FLASK SAMPLES
Inlet and outlet flask samples were taken periodically for the
first two days, and outlet samples were taken three times a day for the
last two days. These samples were taken by flushing the flask with a
gas stream taken from a bypass outlet off the heated sample pump. The
flasks were not analyzed immediately, but were returned to Scott's Plum-
steadvi.iie laboratory for evaluation of trace compounds other than trichloro-
ethylene .
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SET 1559 01 0776
3.4 FLOW RATES
Flow measurements at the inlet and outlet ducts were taken on
the first and last days of the test program. Measurements were taken
with an "S-type" pitot tube (C = .797) and an inclined manometer. Due
to the design nature of this specific type of carbon adsorption device,
flow rates through the unit were expected to vary very little, except
during the cool-down phase, at which time ambient air is blown through
the freshly purged chamber. A flow measurement was also taken during
this phase to allow for evaluation of this mode of operation.
3.5 PROPERTY LINE SAMPLES
"Fence line" samples were taken periodically approximately 70
meters downwind of the carbon bed outlet stack to determine-outside con-
centrations of trichloroethylene. Upwind samples were also taken to
determine background levels of the solvent not associated with the degreasing
process being tested. These samples were originally taken with a drum- '-'
enclosed tedlar bag, but this method was abandoned and the remaining
outdoor samples were taken in hand-inflated 5-liter tedlar bags. These
samples were analyzed immediately after collection by gas chromatographic
methods identical to those used to analyze the carbon bed inlet and outlet
integrated bag samples.
Figure 3-2 is a diagram of property line sample locations.
SCOn ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
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txgure J - (Distances in Meters)
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SET 1559 01 0776
4.0 LOCATION OF SAMPLING POINTS
For both the inlet and the outlet, twelve traverse points were
used, based on six points on a diameter.
On the inlet duct, the traversing and sampling ports were located
1.85 diameters upstream and 3.6 diameters downstream from disturbances on
a 76" section of 14" diameter duct. Port locations and the traverse point
layout for the inlet duct are shown in Figure 4-1.
On the outlet duct, the traversing and sampling ports were
located 6 diameters upstream and 3.4 diameters downstream from disturbances
on a 113 inch section of 12" diameter duct. Port locations and the traverse
point layout for the outlet are shown in Figure 4.2.
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SET 1559 01 0776
Integrated Bag
Sample Port
Velocity
Traverse
Ports
From
Drying
Tunnel
From Main
Degreaser
To Carbon
Adsorbtion Unit
Hydrocarbon Analyzer
Sample Port
T"
lac.
Figure 4-1
inlet Ducc Triversu Puint Loc--itions
And Sample Ports
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SET 1559 01 0776
To
Atmosphere
72"
41"
From Carbon
Adsorbtion
Unit
-Velocity Traverse Ports
-Integrated Bag
Sample Port
-Hydrocarbon Analyzer
Sample Port
12.0"
inc.
Outlet Duct Traverse Point Locations.
And Sanrole Ports
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SET 1559 01 0776
5.0 SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
The data presented in this section is a summary of the measure-
ments made at all locations sampled at H & H Screw Manufacturing Inc.
Examples of raw data, including velocity traverses and strip chart data
from the hydrocarbon analyzer and the gas chromatograph are included
in the appendices.
5.1 CONTINUOUS MONITORING
Tables 5-1 through 5-4 present the reduced data taken from the
strip chart records of concentrations of trichloroethylene measured by
the hydrocarbon analyzer at the inlet and outlet on June 22 and 23, and
the outlet only on June 24 and 25. Data is presented in hourly and 10-
minute period averages, accompanied by a brief chronological description
of process and test conditions. Inlet maximum concentrations for the
cycle, listed on the bottom of each table, are given as instantaneous
maximums, measured as peaks on the strip chart. Outlet maximum concentra-
tions given are the highest 10-minute averages measured, since the changes
in outlet concentration are relatively small, and since it is very diffi-
cult to distinguish between true peaks and instrument drift at these low
concentrations.
5.2 INTEGRATED BAG SAMPLES
Table 5-5 presents the concentrations of trichloroethylene
measured by gas chromatograph from the inlet and outlet integrated bag
samples taken over the duration of an adsorption cycle. Concentrations
were calculated from the raw data by measuring peak height. During the
test program, a leakage problem developed in some of the integrated sample
bags. Where there is disagreement between two samples from the same
location, the higher values are probably more accurate.
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SET 1559 01 0776
TABLE 5-1
TOTAL HYDROCARBON CONCENTRATIONS AS TRICHLOROETHYLENE
Hourly and 10-Minute Averages For Inlet and Outlet of Carbon Bed for Tests
"* , iv Run on 6722/76 - Measured by Total Hydrocarbon Analyzer (ppm)
." - -_»*- * ' * . A _~t . " *
>$<*«r^:.. s"* . '"''"Inlet ' ""
"Time^'J"
-Endiirg^
0740
0750
0800
0810
0820
0830
0840
0850
0900
0910
0920
0930
0940
0950
1000
ioio
1020
1030
1040
1050
1100
1110
1120
1130
1140
1150
1200
Hoif^Lj-..
Avg f^'
1278
657
i
f
329
1
f
147
.
i
274
1
f
10-Min;
Avg.
783
1508
1542
.
657
487
420
81
81
73
123
312
245
445
273
129
Outlet
Hourly
Avg.
16
14
.
14
i
'
14
1
f
14
1
r
10-Min.
Avg.
16
15
14
10
14
18
15
13
16
11
Process Conditions
0700-Begin Left Bed Adsorptl
Begin Right Bed Steam P
0810-End Right Bed Steam Pur
Begin Cool-Down Phase
Continue Left Bed Adsor
Phase
*
0911-Degreaser Shut Down
0915-Degrease^j Restarted
.
1043-Degreaser Shut Down
1048-Degreaser Restarted
.
1130-End of Left Bed Adsorpt
Phase. Begin Left Bed Steam
Begin Right Bed Adsorption P
«m Phase
u r ><_>
Ion
Inlet High For Cycle - 3135 ppm
Outlet High For Cycle - 18 ppm
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SET 1559 01 0776
TABLE 5-2
TOTAL HYDROCARBON CONCENTRATIONS AS TRICHLOROETHYLENE
Hourly and 10-Minute Averages For Inlet and Outlet of Carbon Bed for Tests
.Run on 6/23/76 - Measured by Total Hydrocarbon Analyzer (ppm)
Time
Ending
0630
0640
0650
0700
0710
0720
0730
0740
0750
0800
0810
0820
0830
0840
0850
0900
0910
0920
0930
0940
0950
1000
1010
1020
1030
1040
1050
1100
1110
Inlet
Hourly
Avg.
310
I
4-
561
241
385
158
285
10-Min.
Avg.
310
298
198
179
172
1959
241
582
357
400
336
307
329
94
246
135
285
Outlet
Hourly
Avg.
6
12
7
17
'
10-Min.
Avg.
5
6
6
12
8
8
8
2
5
18
21
12
Process Conditions
0642-Begin Left Bed Adsorption
Begin Right Bed Steam Purge
-
0752- End Right Bed Steam Purge
Begin Cool Down of Right Bed
0758-Begin Outlet Flask Sample #1
0803-End Outlet Flask Sample i?l
'
0825-Degreaser Stopped, But Full
0831-Degreaser Restarted
0836-Begin Outlet Flask Sample #2
0838-Degreaser Stopped
0841-End Outlet Flask Sample #2
0842-Degreaser Restarted
0858-Degreaser Stopped But Full
0900-Degreaser Restarted
0915-Degreaser Stopped
0916-Degreaser Restarted
1015-Begin Outlet Flask Sample #3
1019-Degreaser Stopped But Full
1020-End Outlet Flask Sample //3
1021-Degreaser Restarted, Being Unloaded
1030-1110-Degreaser Running Empty
1112-End of Left Bed Adsorption Cycle
Inlet High For Cycle - 2803 ppm at 0749
Outlet High For Cycle - 21 ppm at 1020-1030
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SET 1559 01 0776
TABLE 5-3
TOTAL HYDROCARBON CONCENTRATIONS AS TRICHLORQETHYLENE
Hourly and 10-Minute Averages For Outlet Of Carbon Bed For Tests'
Run On 6/24/76 - Measured By Total Hydrocarbon Analyzer(ppm)
Time Ending
0740
0750
0800
0810
0820
0830
0840
0850
0900
0910
0920
0930
0940
0950
1000
1010
1020
1030
1040
1050
1100
1110
1120
1130
1140
1150
1200
1210
1220
1230
1240
1250
1300
1310
Outlet Concentrations
Hourly Avg.
5
1
7.
9
5.
6.
10,
.5
.5
7
.4
7
7
10-Min . Avg .
4
7
4
6
8
8
8
8
7
15
8
7
8
7
12
6
5
3
5
6
9
4
6
6
8
8
9
10
10
12
15
8
7
Process Conditions
0730 Right Bed Adsorption Phase
in Mid-Cycle - Degreaser Turn
On, Being Loaded and Unloaded
Continuously
0842-End of Right Bed Adsorption
Begin Left Bed Adsorption
Begin Right Bed Steam Purge
0849-Degreaser Stopped
0859-Degreaser Restarted
0930-Degreaser Emptied and Stopped
System Idle
0952-End Right Bed Steam Purge,
Begin Cool Down Phase
1018-Begin Outlet Flask Sample #1
1025-Degreaser Restarted and Fille
1031-End Outlet Flask Sample #1
1045-Degreaser Emptied & Stopped
System Idle
1125-Begin Outlet Flask Sample #2
1130-End Outlet Flask Sample #2
1140-Open Pit Degreaser Being Used
To Clean Plastic Baskets
1200-End of Basket Cleaning -
Main Degreaser Remains Idle
1258-Begin Outlet Flask Sample #3
1303-End Outlet Flask Sample #3
1312-End of Left Bed Adsorption
Outlet. High For Cycle - 15 ppm at 0900-0910 and 1240-1250.
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SET 1559 01 0776
TABLE 5-4
TOTAL HYDROCARBON CONCENTRATIONS AS TRICHLOROETHYLENE
Hourly and 10-Minute Averages For Outlet Of Carbon Bed For Tests
Run On 6/25/76 - Measured By Total Hydrocarbon Analyzer (ppm)
Time Ending
0620
0630
0640
0650
0700
0710
0720
0730
0740
0750
0800
0810
0820
0830
0840
0850
0900
0910
0920
C930
0940
0950
1000
1010
1020
1030
1040
Outlet Concentrations
Hourly Avg.
3.1
r
4.3
6.6
6.!
«
5.5
,
10-Min. Avg.
5
3
4
3
4
6
3
3
4
6
5
8
11
5
6
5
6
7
7
5
7
4
7
Process Conditions
0620-Degreaser Empty and Shut Down
System Idle - Right Bed
Adsorption Phase in Mid-Cycle
0732-Degreaser Turned On and
Being Loaded
0758-Begin Outlet Flask Sample #1
0303-End Outlet Flask Sample Si .
.
0833-Begin Outlet Flask Sample i?2
0838-End Outlet Flask Sample #2
0847-Degreaser Stopped
0848-Degreaser Restarted
0850-End Right Bed Adsorption Phase,
Begin Left Bed Adsorption,
Begin Right Bed Steam Purge
0855-Degreaser Stopped But Full
0904-Degreaser Restarted
1000-End Right Bed Steam Purge,
Begin Cool Down Phase
1029-Begin Outlet Flask Sample #3
1038-End Outlet Flask Sample #3
1040-End of Test
Outlet High For Cycle - 11 ppm at 0820-0830..
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SET 1559 01 0776
TABLE 5-5
INTEGRATED SAMPLE BAG RESULTS
Date
6/22/76
Sample Location
Inlet Bag //I
Inlet Bag //2
Outlet Bag #1
Outlet Bag //2
PPM CHC1:CC12
287.5
125.0
7.2
8.1
Comments
Bag May Leak Heavily
Bag May Leak Slightly
6/23/76
Inlet Bag #1
Inlet Bag #2
Outlet Bag #1
Outlet Bag #2
327.0
6.4
6.9
Not Used Due To Leak
Bag May Leak Slightly
6/24/76
Outlet Bag #1
Outlet. Bag #2
8.9
3.5
6/25/76
Outlet Bag #1
Outlet Bag #2
2.6
1.5
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SET 1559 01 0776
5.3 PROPERTY LINE SAMPLES
Table 5-6 presents the concentrations of trichloroethylene
measured by gas chromatograph from the downwind property line samples
and the upwind background samples. The concentrations measured from
the .integrated bag sampler used downwind on June 22 and June 23 are some-
what suspect. Even though an effort was made to flush the samples of
any contaminants before testing, it is very difficult to remove all traces
of trichloroethylene. The samples taken on June 24 and June 25 are con-
sistent and compare well, and can be considered accurate. By comparing
the upwind background samples taken on June 25 with the downwind samples
taken on June 24 and 25, it appears that the concentration of trichloro-
ethylene in the atmosphere traceable to the degreasing process is about
0.05 ppm, or 50 ppb, at the sampling location, approximately 70 meters
from the source.
5.4 OUTLET FLASK SAMPLES
Table 5-7 presents the results of analyses performed on flask
samples taken during the project and analyzed at Scott's Plumsteadville
laboratory with the same gas chromatograph and column conditions that were
used in the field during the test program. In order to identify compounds
other than trichloroethylene, these flask samples were also analyzed by
Dalare Associates of Philadelphia, using a gas chromatograph linked to a
mass spectrometer. '.
This analysis showed that no trace compounds were present in
recognizable concentrations in the outlet samples. One trace component
was found in the inlet samples which was not identified. The GC-MS
work on the outlet samples proved that each of the several peaks present
in the flask samples, was not test related. Two were due to decomposition
of silicone grease, and the third appeared to be acetone which was
probably desorbed from the silicone grease.
SCOTT ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
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-21-
SET 1559 01 0776
TABLE 5-6
PROPERTY LINE SAMPLES
Date
6/22/76
6/23/76
6/24/76
6/25/76
Time
0708-
1245
0643-
1108
1000
1020
1025
1055
1100
1150
1155
1300
1305
0620
0625
0700
0705
0725
0730
0855
0900
1030
1035
'
Sample Type
Integrated Bag
Integrated Bag
Grab Bag (Hand
Inflated 5 liter
Tedlar)
Grab Bag
Grab Bag
Grab Bag
Grab Bag
Grab Bag
Grab Bag
Grab Bag
Grab Bag
Grab Bag
Grab Bag
Grab Bag
Grap Bag
Grab Bag
Grab Bag
Grab Bag
Grab Bag
Grab Bag
Grab Bag
Sample Location
Downwind
Downwind
Downwind
Downwind
Downwind
Downwind
Downwind
Downwind
Downwind
Downwind
Downwind
Upwind
Upwind
Upwind
Upwind
Upwind
Upwind
Downwind
Downwind
Downwind
Downwind
PPM Trichloroethylene
Day Avg.
0.10 0.10
0.10 0.10
0 . 12 N
0.10 /
0.08
.0.10 \ 0.09
0.07
0.06 .
0.07
0.17
0.05
0.19* V
0,06 '
0.03
0.04 . ; 0.04
. 0.05
0.04 '". .J
0.12 \
°-U "*" 0.09
- .0.07 [ .
0.05 J
*Delated From Average
SCOTT ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
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SET 1559 01 0776
-22-
TABLE 5-7
TRICHLOROETHYLENE FLASK ANALYSIS
Outlet
Date
6/23/76
6/23/76
6/23/76
6/24/76
6/24/76
6/24/76
6/25/76
6/25/76
6/25/76
Time
0758
0836
1015
1018
1125
1258
0758
0833
#3
PPM Trichloroethylene
1.38
4.27
5.33
1.95
1.25
2.31
0.59
0.96
' 1.39
Ambient
6/22/76
6/23/76
Ambient #1
Fenceline
0.12
0.09
6/23/76
6/23/76
6/23/76
Inlet
0652
0912
1045
266
98
118
SCOU ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
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-23-
SET 1559 01 0776
6.0 SOLVENT RECOVERY EFFICIENCY
From an emissions control point of view, the carbon adsorption
bed effectively removes an average of 97% of the trichloroethylene that
would otherwise be discharged into the atmosphere. Daily averages for
outlet emission rates vary from .15 to .4 pounds per hour. Figures for
each day are listed in Appendix D. Based on an adsorption cycle lasting
270 minutes, a maximum of 1.8 pounds of trichloroethylene are being dis-
charged into the atmosphere per cycle, while approximately 60 pounds are
being returned to the process.
Some additional solvent loss takes place when the baskets
are manually removed from the degreaser and placed in the drying tunnel,
and some solvent vapors will escape from the degreaser access port regard-
less of vent placement. Fugitive vapors from these points in the process
are not easily measurable, and control would be difficult to achieve.
Another point of solvent loss from the process may be due to
the low but measurable solubility of trichloroethylene in water. At
25 C, approximately one ml of trichloroethylene will dissolve in a liter
of water, or 1.46 pounds of trichloroethylene per 1000 pounds of water.
According to figure supplied by the manufacturer, about 825 pounds of
steam would be used in a 70 minute steam purge. Upon recondensation,
this amount of water could hold up to 1.2 pounds of trichloroethylene
in solution, which will be lost when the waste water is discharged.
SCOn ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
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-24-
SET 1559 01 0776
7.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Scott wishes to thank Dr. H. M. Barnes of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency for his participation in the test program, Mr. Frank
Hodges and Mr. Richard Fortier of H & H Screw Manufacturing Company for
their cooperation in making their facilities available, and Mr. Richard
Selznik of Baron-Blakeslee Company for information and assistance he
rendered to the test program.
SCOTT ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
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SET 1559 01 0776
APPENDIX A
TEST SCHEDULE
The following is a brief schedule of the test program carried
out at H & H Screw Manufacturing Inc. in Ashton, Rhode Island. Scott
personnel involved were William Scott and Carl Husic.
June 21, 1976 - Monday
0900 - Arrive at H & H Screw Manufacturing and begin set up.
1100 - Begin total hydrocarbon analyzer preliminary sampling
at outlet of carbon adsorption device.
1500 - Perform traverse flow measurements at inlet and
outlet ducts.
1800 - Return to motel
June 22, 1976 - Tuesday
0545 - Arrive at site and turn on equipment.
0655 - Carbon adsorption unit started, begin total
hydrocarbon analyzer sampling.
0703 - Begin integrated bag samples at start of new
adsorption cycle - left bed on line.
0708 - Start fence line sampling with integrated bag
sampler.
1133 - End of adsorption cycle - begin new cycle with
right bed on line.
1300 - End of total hydrocarbon analyzer testing, begin
chromatographic analyses.
June 23, 1976 - Wednesday
0550 - Arrive at site and turn on equipment.
0615 - Begin total hydrocarbon analyzer sampling
0640 - Begin new adsorption cycle - left bed on line
0643 - Start fence line sampling with integrated bag
sampler.
SCOTT ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
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SET 1559 01 0776
0652 - Take inlet flask sample #1
0758 - Take outlet flask sample ffl
0837 - Take outlet flask sample #2
0912 - Take inlet flask sample #2
1015 - Take outlet flask sample #3
1052 - Take inlet flask sample #3
1108 - End of fence line sample
1110 - End of adsorption cycle
1115 - End of total hydrocarbon analyzer testing,
begin chromatographic analyses
June 24, 1976 - Thursday
0555 - Arrive at site and turn on equipment
0712 - Carbon adsorption unit started
0723 - Start hydrocarbon analyzer sampling at outlet
0740 - Begin upwind background sample
0842 - Begin new adsorption cycle, left bed on line
0843 - End upwind background sample
0844 - Begin integrated bag samples
1018 - Take outlet flask sample #1
1125 - Take outlet flask sample #2
1258 - Take outlet flask sample #3
1312 - End of hydrocarbon analyzer sampling, begin
chromatographic analyses
June 25, -1976 - Friday
0600 - Arrive at site and turn on equipment
0605 - Begin hydrocarbon analyzer sampling at outlet,
right bed on line, begin integrated bag samples
0730 - Degreaser begins operation
0758 - Take outlet flask sample ffl
SCOTT ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY. INC.
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SET 1559 01 0776
0815 - Begin inlet and outlet traverse flow measurements
0830 - End traverses
0833 - Take outlet flask sample #2
0850 - Begin new adsorption cycle with left bed on line
1010 - Take outlet traverse flow measurement during cool-
down phase of right bed
1029 - Take outlet flask sample #3
1041 - End hydrocarbon analyzer sampling
1044 - End integrated bag sampling - begin chromatographic
analyses
1300 - Pack up and return home
SCOTT ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
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SET 1559 01 0776
APPENDIX B. .
VELOCITY TRAVERSE SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
This appendix contains volumetric flow data for all traverses
taken, with full sample calculations done for the inlet traverses taken
on June 21, 1976, prior to full scale testing. Copies of the raw traverse
data are also included.
Moisture content of the gas was considered negligible except
on the final outlet traverse taken on June 25 during a cool-down phase
following a steam purge. Since no moisture samples were taken, the final
volumetric flow rate was calculated on a range of moisture concentrations
varying from 1% to 9.5%, where 9.5% represents the moisture saturation
level for air at 46°C or 574.5 R. ,
There is some discrepancy between inlet and outlet volumes
measured, due possibly to leakage between the inlet traverse location
and the adsorption unit blower on the outlet.
SCOTT ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
-------
INLET TRAVERSES #1 AND #2 COMBINED
TAKEN ON JUNE 21, 1976
Point //
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
AP
s
0.095
0.155
0.165
0.140
0.120
0.095
0.075
0.105
0.130
0.170
0.180
0.145
0.085
0.165
0.170
0.145
0.120
0.095
0.080
0.100
0.130
0.165
0.170
0.140
Averages
/AP7
0.308
0.394
0.406
0.374
0.346
0.308
0.274
0.324
0.361
0.412
0.424
0.381
0.292
0.406
0.412
0.381
0.346
0.308
0.283
0.316
0.361
0.406
0.412
0.374
0.359
T °R
s
558.3
558.3
Barometric Pressure = 30.18" Hg
it
-0.029" Hg
Static Pressure = -0.395" H~0
Po = 30.15" Hg
S
Molecular Weight of Stack Gas = 28.84
SCOTT ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
-------
V = K C (/AP)
s p p avg.
V = Gas Velocity, Feet/Sec.
s
p "-''+0 sec< ^ 16-mole °R
= 85.48^- (^ N1/2
. V 16-i
C = Pitot Factor = .797
P
(T ) = Average Absolute Stack Gas Temperature, R
(v/AP~) = Average of Square Roots of Velocity Heads in Inches HO
P = Absolute Stack Pressure, Inches Hg
S
M = Molecular Weight of Stack Gas, Wet
S
B = Proportion by Volume of Water Vapor
V = (85.48)(.797)(0.359) '558'3
s
V = 19.60 ft/sec.
s
= 3600 a - B) v A
WO s
\ s avg./ \ std.
Q = Volumetric Flow Rate, Dry, cubic feet/hr.
s
A = Cross Sectional Area of Stack
T , = Absolute Standard Temperature, 530°R
std.
P , = Absolute Standard Pressure, 29.92 Inches Hg
std.
Qg = (3600)(l)(19.60)(1r)(.583)2(||§-T)(f;|f)
Q = 72,156 SCFH
SCOTT ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
-------
Outlet Traverses Taken On June 21, 1976
V = 31.7 ft/sec.
s
Q = 84,492 SCFH
S
Inlet Traverses Taken On June 25, 1976
V = 21.3 ft/sec.
S
Q = 77,788 SCFH
Outlet Traverses Taken On June 25, 1976
V = 31.7 ft/ sec.
s
Q = 83,373 SCFH
Outlet Traverse Taken During Cool-Down On June 25, 1976
B = 9.5% H00 to 1.0% H00
wo 2 2
V =36.0 ft/sec, (wet)
s
Q = 87,355 SCFH Dry for B = 9.5% H_0, to
s wo . /
95,560 SCFH Dry for B =1.0% H.O
J wo 2
SCOn ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
-------
iT
im
T7P
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NUMBER
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(ENT TEMPERATURE
WETER
:!>MENTS
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AMBIENT TEVPERATURE
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TRAVERSE POINT LOCATION i VELOCITY DATA BY
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10
11
12
u
14
1C
17
IS
19
31
J2
.33
34
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3S
36
37
38
39
41
42
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44
46
47
-48
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y
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IL
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0-230
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POINTS (indicate direction of FlowT
- INSIDE DIMENSIONS OF SAMPLE PLANE
STACK GAUGE PRESSURE in. H20_
NEAREST UPSTREAM DISTURBANCE _
NEAREST DOWiiSTREAf-J DISTU!'.3ANCE_
PROCESS & CONTROL EQUIPMENT
DESCRIPTION
SCOTT tNVISONM'NTAl T£CHNOIOCY, INC.
-------
SET 1559 01 0776
APPENDIX C
MASS EMISSION RATE CALCULATIONS
Mass emission rates given here are calculated on the basis of
the average daily concentration of hydrocarbons measured as trichloro-
ethylene, and the average outlet volumetric flow rates, excluding flow
rates measured during cool-down phases in the process.
Average Outlet Volumetric Flow Rate = 84,119 SCFH
r
Ibs/hr. Trichloroethylene = (PPM) ( 131'4 ](84,119 SCFH)
385.1 x 10
where 131.4 = Molecular Weight of Trichloroethylene
Outlet PPM Mass Emission Rate
Date Average Concentration Pounds/Hour
6/22 14.2 .40 Ibs/hr
6/23 9.5 .27 Ibs/hr
6/24 7.7 .22 Ibs/hr
6/25 5.4 .15 Ibs/hr
SCOn ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
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SET 1559 01 0776
APPENDIX D
CONTROL DEVICE EFFICIENCY
Below are figures for the average efficiency of solvent recovery
on June 22 and 23, when both inlet and outlet monitoring was performed.
There are two sets of figures; the first basing the efficiency calculation
on day average mass emission rates in pounds per hour, the second basing
the efficiency calculation on the day average concentrations of trichloro-
ethylene in PPM.
These figures apply only to solvent vapors passing through the
carbon adsorption device, and do not take into consideration possible
solvent loss at other points in the degreasing process.
Inlet Outlet
Date Mass Emissions, Ib/hr. Mass Emissions, Ib/hr. Efficiency
6/22 12.07 .40 96.7%
6/23 9.55 .27 97.2%
, -.ff. . ,«. ,,m /, Outlet Ib/hr \.
where Efficxency (./,) = 100 x ; 1 - -=z ,- ., i
J ^ ' \ Inlet Ib/hr /
The inlet mass flow is calculated on the basis ov volumetric
flow of 74,033 SCFH, which is the average of traverses taken on June 21
and June 25. If calculated on the basis of the same volumetric flow as
are the outlet mass emission rates, the total efficiency will be higher.
Date Inlet PPM Outlet PPM Efficiency
6/22 478 14.2 97.0%
6/23 378 9.5 97.5%
where Efficiency (%) = 100 x ' 1 - Outlet PPM \
V Inlet PPM /
SCOn ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
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SET 1559 01 0776
APPENDIX E
RAW DATA
Examples of strip chart data from the total hydrocarbon analyzer
and the gas chromatograph are included in this section. Copies of velocity
traverse data sheets are included in Appendix B.
The chart from the total hydrocarbon analyzer is the record of
inlet and outlet monitoring done on June 23. The entire day's data is
included.
Chromatograms included are examples of inlet and outlet inte-
grated samples, downwind property line grab samples, and instrument
standardization peaks.
SCOn ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
-------
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