EPA-AA-AQAB-94-2
     DRAFT USER'S GUIDE TO PARTS:
A PROGRAM FOR CALCULATING PARTICLE
   EMISSIONS FROM MOTOR VEHICLES
               February 1995
            Office of Mobile Sources
 National Motor Vehicle and Fuels Emission Laboratory
       U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
             2565 Plymouth Road
          Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105

-------
                                      Contents
List of Figures	    Hi
1
2
3
4
5
INTRODUCTION 	
Description of the Model 	
Getting Started 	 < 	 ,
Inputs 	 	 	
FORTRAN Format Specifications, , 	 , 	
PROGRAM CONTROLS AND USER-SUPPLIED DATA 	
SCENARIO INPUTS 	
OUTPUT 	
EXAMPLES 	 ...„,« «.-f. 	
Introduction 	
Ex flmnle Tnriez 	 	
Appendix: Particle Emission Factors for Mobflc Sources as
Calculated in the Model PARTS 	
	 1
	 1
	 1
	 2
	 3
	 4
	 10
	 	 14
	 16
	 16
17
	 45

-------
                                   Figures

1   Sample input file with user-defined VMT mixes for each scenario ...................    18
la  Sample output file with user-defined VMT mixes for etch scenario ..................    19
2   Sample input file with user-defined VMT mix for all scenarios .......................    20
2a  Sample output file wih user-defined VMT mix for all scenarios .....................    21
3   Sample input file with user-defined mfleage acaimnlitinn rates and
    registration distributions .. [[[    22
3a  Sample output file with user-defined mileage araimnlation rates and
                                   ...... ......... ... ..... ...... .............. . ......    24
4   Sample input file using OUTFMT a 5 [[[    25
4a  Sample output file using OUTFMT* 5 ..................................................    26
5   Sample input fik using PRTFLO • 2 .......................................... :. ........    29
5a  Sample output file  using PRTFLO * 2 ............ . ......................................  ,  30
6   Sample input fife using PRTFLO «1 ................................................. ...    31
6a  Sample output file  using PRTFLO » 1 [[[    32
7   Sampte input using OUTFMT » 3 and BUSFLO- 2 .................................    33
7a  Sampfe output using OUTFMT« 3 and BUSFLO» 2 ...............................    34
8   Sample uyut using many user optional mputs . . . .......................................    35
8a  Sample output using many user optional inputs .........................................    37

-------
                                1   INTRODUCTION
DESCRIPTION OF THE MODEL

PARTS is a Fortran program for use in the analysis of the paniculate air pollution impact of in-use
gasoline-fueled and diesel-fueled motor vehicles which supercedes the 1985 paniculate emission
factor model.  It calculates particle emission factors in grams per mile (g/mi) from on-road
automobiles, trucks, and motorcycles, for particle sizes of 1-10 um.  The paniculate matter
emission factors include exhaust paniculate, exhaust paniculate components, brakewear, tirewear,
and reentrained road dust, all of which are required for PM10 inventories and analyses. The model
is appropriate for comparative analyses, such as comparing the potential impact of one traffic
control measure versus another.

PARTS differs from the previous paniculate model (released in 1985) in the following ways: It
reflects the low sulfur diesel fuel regulation of October 1993s it reflects lower paniculate standards,
there is an expansion of die heavy-duty diesel vehicle classification into five sub-categories and a
separation of the light-duty cars and trucks by gasoline and dieseL Additions in the new model
include an option to print gaseous SO2, the calculation of fugitive dust for paved and unpaved
roads based on algorithms developed by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
(Unpaved Roads - AP42, section 11.2.1,9/88, Paved Roads - draft AP42, section 11.2.x, 3/93),
and an option to calculate idle emissions developed from manufacturers' data. The mileage
accumulation rates, vehicle counts, diesel sales fractions, registration distributions and catalyst
fractions also were updated to be consistent with MOBILES.

The program contains default values for most data required for the calculation of all the emission
factors, but it also allows for user-supplied data in many cases. All of the required inputs and
optional inputs are described in detail m mis guide. The methodology for the calculation of the
emission factors is described in the appendix.

Questions about this document or the PART5 model can be addressed to:

                    PARTS User's Guide - Comments
                    Air Quality Analysis Branch
                    2565 Plymouth Road
                    Ann Arbor, MI 48105

                    Fax:  (313)668-4368


GETTING STARTED

To run the model the user must change to the directory in which the executable file, PART5.EXE
and the driver file, PARTS JN, reside. After editing the driver file PARTS JN (see the discussion
of how to set up die driver file below), the user can run the model by typing "PARTS" at the DOS
prompt.

-------
The first four lines of the driver file (PARTS .IN, when running non-interactively) instruct the
paniculate model how to run. The first line is a single character "N" or "Y" for no or yes to the
question "Do you want to run interactively?" If the first line was "N", then the second line is the
name of the input file. The next line of the driver file contains the name of the report file, which
will contain all die computed emission factors. The last line is the name of the error output file,
which will contain all the error and warning messages from the program. If there are no errors the
error output file will be empty.

An example driver file, PARTS JN is:

       N
       BUS2.IN
       BUS2.OUT
       ERR.OUT
If the user wishes to run PARTS interactively, the driver file (PARTS.IN) must still be used. "Y"
is entered in the first line, the remaining lines in the driver file (PARTS.IN) are not used. The
program will require each line of the input interactively, starting with the name of the report file and
the name of the error input file. The user will not be prompted for those file names. This is not the
preferred method of running the model due to the complexity of the input It is recommended that
the non-interactive approach be used, which will providerrecord of the input file that can be used
in review and in detecting and correcting any errors.


INPUTS

The reader is encouraged to refer to the examples in Chapter S when reading mis section. These
examples provide illustrations of the use of PARTS options and data input requirements. The
sample input files contain default data, showing the actual values which are internal to the model.
The corresponding output files echo the input with the emission factors in the chosen formats.
However, reference to the examples in Chapter S cannot substitute for a thorough reading of
chapters 2 and 3. PARTS utilizes an input file that provides program control information and the
data describing the scenarios for which emission factors are to be estimated. The input information
consists of three distinct sections: the Control section, the One-time Data section, and the Scenario
section.

The Control section is the portion of the input file that controls the input, output, and execution of
the program. For example, the Control section indicates whether PARTS will require the user to
supply addition! input data, or analyze a scenario that includes an inspection and maintenance
program, or ooafprae emission factors in a format suitable for visual inspection or in a format
suitable as inpa&tff another program.

Some parameters used in the emission factor calculations have internal values built into PARTS.
The One-time Data section is the portion of the input that allows the user to define parameter values
different from those internal to PARTS, which wul be used in the calculations for all of the
scenarios within a given run. For example, in the One-time Data section the user can specify
alternate annual mileage accumulation rates or registration distributions by age for each vehicle
type.

The Scenario section is the portion of the PARTS input that detaib the individual scenarios for
which emission factors are to be calculated. For example, in the Scenario section the user specifies

-------
the calendar year of evaluation and the particle size cuttoff to be assumed. Each PARTS run can
include many scenarios, and each scenario can have different scenario parameters.

The Control section specifies values for variables termed flags. In Chapter 2 each flag is named,
and the range of possible settings for that flag and the resulting action is noted The One-time Data
required for certain flags is also described in Chapter 2. In Chapter 3, the Scenario section is
described line by line.

FORTRAN  FORMAT SPECIFICATIONS

The descriptors used in Chapters 2 and 3 to define and describe the input field specifications are
FORTRAN format specifications. Following is a brief key for interpretation. Additional detail can
be found in any FORTRAN manual.

         Descriptor         Definition and Interpretation

           'I w'            The next w characters (columns; includes blank spaces) will be read
                           in as an integer value. Leading blanks are ignored, but trailing
                           blanks are read as zeroes; thus, integer input values should be
                           "right-justified" within the input field (i.e., if a value of "2" is to be
                           entered in a field specified as 12, the two columns should be filled in
                           "blank,2", not "2,blank" which will be interpreted as "20").

           'Fw.d'         The next w characters will be read in as a floating-point real
                           number, where d is the number of digits to the right of (following)
                           the decimal point. If the field contains an explicit decimal point, the
                           value will be read as specified and the implied point specified by d
                           in the descriptor will be overridden. The decimal point, if present,  is
                           considered a character in the overall field width, w.

           'A w'           The next w characters will be interpreted and stored as alphanumeric
                           (i.e., labels, text; any keyboard character can be entered).

           'wX*           The next w characters will be ignored; they are not read by PARTS.

           '/'              The field separator, used to indicate the end of one record (line of
                           input). Input after the V will be read from the next record.

-------
            2   PROGRAM CONTROLS AND  USER-SUPPLIED DATA
The program control flags instruct the program whether user-supplied or default values are to be
used for the fraction of the total vehicle miles traveled by each vehicle class (VMT mixes), mileage
accumulation rates, and registration distributions. The flags also control whether or not an
inspection and maintenance (I/M) program is assumed, whether reformulated fuel effects are
required, and the type of information and format desired in the report file.

If any of the above user-specified input data are required, such as a VMT mix, this information will
come after all the control flags have been entered and before the scenario inputs are entered  If you
specify user-supplied data for more than one control flag, the data pertaining to each flag shall be
entered in the same order in which the corresponding flags are entered in the control section.

The PART5 control flags are:

      VMFLAG                                   -----
      MYMRFG
      IMFLAG
      RFGFLG
      OUTFMT
      IDLFLG
      SO2FLG
      PRTFLG
      BUSFLG

Following is a description of each control flag and any user-supplied data required for certain flag
settings.


VMFLAG is the first control flag and specifies whether default or user-supplied VMT (vehicle
miles traveled) mixes are used The VMT "mix" is the fraction of the total VMT of all motor
vehicles contributed by each vehicle class. The fractions from all the vehicle classes must sum to 1.

The VMT mix in PART5 is based on national averages and changes over time (calender years).
There are three mifa trends driving the shifts in VMT. The first is the shift in sales from light duty
passenger can t» Hfht duty trucks. The next two have to do with the dieselization of trucks in
general Light dntydiesel tracks are increasing in sales over time as compared to light duty
gasoline trucks. The same trend can be seen even more noticeably, with heavy duty diesel trucks
replacing heavy duty gasoline trucks.

The only place in which the program uses VMT is to weight all the emission factors for each
individual vehicle class together into the "All Vehicles" emission factor numbers shown in the
output

-------
The legal values for VMFLAG are:

       1  =   use default VMT mix
       2  =   user supplies a different VMT mix for each scenario
       3  =   user supplies one VMT mix for all scenarios.

If you enter 2, the VMT mix must be entered for each scenario.  In this case the data are entered for
each scenario in the scenario section.

If you enter 3, the program requires input of die fraction of VMT contributed by each vehicle class
after all the control flags are entered.

The format for a user-supplied VMT mix is the same for options 2 and 3. This format is
(6(F6.4,1X)). Two lines of data are entered, each consisting of six fractions, for a total of 12
fractions corresponding to the 12 vehicle classes. The data must be entered in the same order as
the vehicle classes. The order of the vehicle classes with the corresponding Federal Highway
Administration (FHA) Class and gross vehicle weight (GVW) is:


          Vehicle Class                          FHA Class         GVW(lbs)

   1 = LDGV (light-duty gasoline vehicle)
   2 = LDGT1 (light-duty gasoline truck, I)              1—-           < 6,000
   3 = LDGT2 (light-duty gasoline truck, II)              2A             6,001 - 8,500
   4 = HDGV (heavy-duty gasoline track)                2B-8B          > 8,500
   5 = MC (motor cycle)
   6 = LDDV (light-duty diesel vehicle)                  1              < 6,000
   7 = LDDT (light-duty diesel track)                    2A             6,001 - 8,500
   8 = 2BHDDV (class 2B heavy duty diesel vehicle)      2B             8,501-10,000

   9 = LHDDV (light heavy-duty diesel vehicle)          3,4,5           10,001 - 19,500
  10 = MHDDV (medium heavy-duty diesel vehicle)      6,7,8A         19,501 - 33,000
  11 = HHDDV (heavy heavy-duty diesel vehicle)         8B             33,000+
  12 = BUSES (buses)

Figure 1 (all figures are in Chapter 5, "Examples") shows an example of different VMT mixes
used for two different scenarios (VMFLAG = 2), and Figure 2 shows an example of a single VMT
mix used for both scenarios (VMFLAG = 3). The default values are shown in bom figures.


MYMRFG is tto second control flag and specifies whether default or user-supplied mileage
accumulation nftwand registration distributions will be used The legal values for MYMRFG are:

       1   = use default registration distributions and mileage accrual rates
       2   = user supplies mileage accumulation rates; default
       3   = user supplies registration distributions; default mileage accumulation rates used
       4   = user supplies both the mileage accumulation rates and the registration distributions

The mileage accumulation rate is the expected number of miles a vehicle will travel in one year,
divided by 100,000. The rates are assumed to vary by vehicle class and the age of the vehicle.
For example, if a light-duty gasoline vehicle is expected to accumulate 13,118 miles in its first year
of ownership, the average mileage accumulation rate for this first year would be 0.13118. The
program requires mileage accumulation data for vehicles ages 1 to 25 years for each vehicle class,
with the exception of motorcycles which are 1 to 12 years. Hence, if you wish to enter your own

-------
mileage accumulation rates but use the default registration distributions (MYMRFO = 2), you will
be asked to enter 25 mileage accumulation rates for each of the 12 vehicle classes (only the first 12
will be read for motorcycles, but the input must include spaces or zeros to fill out the 25 values, as
in the other vehicle type records).  The data must be entered from newest to oldest vehicle. The
format for entering the data is 10F7.5/10F7.5/5F7.5, where "/" indicates end of record. So for
each vehicle class you would enter two lines of 10 rates each and one line of five rates.  Once these
25 rates are entered for LDGVs, then the 25 rates for die next vehicle class (LDGTls) should be
entered. This process should be repeated until the rates for all 12 vehicle classes are entered. The
order of the classes must follow the sequence listed above.

The registration distribution contains the fractions of the total number of vehicles in a particular
class that are of ages 1 through 25+. Thus the first number in the registration distribution for
LDGVs represents the fraction of all LDGVs that are one year old, and the 25th entry represents
the fraction of all LDGVs that are 25 or more years old. The sum of the 25 fractions must be 1 for
each vehicle class.

If you wish to enter your own registration distributions but use default mileage accumulation rates,
select MYMRFG = 3. In this case you must enter the registration distribution for each vehicle
class. The format for entering the distributions is 10F5 J/10F5.3/5F5 J, so for each vehicle
class you would enter two lines of 10 fractions each and one line of five fractions.  The order of
the fractions is newest to oldest vehicle. The order of the classes is as listed on page 4.

If you wish to enter both your own mileage accumulatioa-tates^nd registration distributions, select
MYMRFG = 4. In mis case you must first enter the average mileage accumulation rates, and then
the registration distributions. A sample input file using MYMRFG = 4 is shown with the default
values in Figure 3.


IMFLAG is the third control flag and specifies whether or not an inspection and maintenance
(I/M) program is assumed.  The I/M program in the model will only afreet emissions from
gasoline-fueled vehicles. I/M programs reduce particulate emissions by having a deterrent effect
on tampering. The reductions in tampering and misfueling rates will have a slight effect on lead
and sulfate particulate emissions. The legal values for IMFLAG are:

    1   =  no I/M program
    2  =  I/M program.

No user-supplied data is required for this flag.

    NOTE:  This flag will only affect lead and sulfate particulate emission factors  for gasoline
    vehicles. Unlotyon are modeling calendar years in which a substantial fraction of the in-use
    fleet is pre-19Wmodel year vehicles, the effects will most likely be very insignificant.


RFGFLG specifies whether reformulated gasoline effects are required. The legal values for
RFGFLG are:

    1   =  no reformulated gasoline
    2  =  reformulated gasoline

The reformulated gasoline effects for particulate emissions are partially based on the sulfur content
of the gasoline used. The average sulfur weight percent is .034 for any gasoline fuel in any
calendar years preceding 2000.  When reformulated fuel is used (RFGFLG = 2) and the calendar
year is set to 2000 and later (Federal Phase II), the sulfur weight percent is .0138.  The remaining

-------
effects of reformulated gasoline are consistent with the reformulated gasoline reductions for total
hydrocarbons as modeled in MOBILES.


OUTFMT specifies the output format of the report file. The output format selections are:

    1   =   long (235 - 250 column) numerical format
    2   =   short (204 - 221 column) numerical format
    3   =   115 -133 column text format
    5   =   115-133 column text format, plus tables of data by model-year.

The numerical format is useful when using the output of this program as input for other programs.
The text format has more detailed headers and longer titles. The by model-year tables show the
emission factors for vehicles of each model-year in a particular vehicle class, multiplied by the
corresponding travel fractions, as well as the composite emission factors for all vehicle classes.

No additional data are required for any of die OUTFMT selections, with the exception of
pUTFMT = 5.  In this case an extra Ike must be input (at the end of the user-supplied data section,
immediately before the scenario inputs section) with either a 1 or a 2 entered for each vehicle class,
denoting whether or not to print a table for that class (1 3 do not print, 2 = print). The format for
this input is 1211 (when BUS FLO = 1), 1411 (when BUSFLO = 2), or 1311 (when BUSFLQ =
3). See "BUSFLG" on page 8 of this section. Sample input files using OUTFMT = 5 appear in
Figures 4 and 8.                                 -rrrrr-rr


BDLFLG specifies whether or not to print the idle emission factors. The legal values are:

    1   =   do not print idle emission factors
    2   =   print idle emission factors
Currently, idle emission factors are calculated in PART5 only for heavy-duty diesel vehicles.


SO2FLG specifies whether or not to print gaseous SO2 emission factors. The legal values are:

    1   =   do not print gaseous SO2 emission factors
    2   =   print gaseous SO} emission factors

    NOTE: Setting SO2FLG = 2 wiU not print gaseous SO2 when PRTFLO = 2. SetPRTFLG
    to 1 or 3 when gaseous SO} emission factors axe required.


PRTFLG spedfifet the pollutant information to be reported. The legal values for PRTFLO are:
                                                                s
    1   =  allparticulate emission factors (including dust)
    2   =  exhaust PM factors only
    3   =  exhaust PM, brake-wear, tire-wear, total PM and fugitive dust.

-------
The following are the different pollutant categories (in g/mi) as they are labeled in the output for
OUTFMT = 3:

            Lead          =   exhausted lead
            SOP          =   soluble organic fraction
            RCP          =   remaining carbon portion
            Direct SO4     =   direct sulfate emissions, exhausted as sulfuric acid (
            Exhaust PM    =   lead + SOF + RCP + Direct SO4
            Indirect SO4    =   estimated indirect sulfate material [(NH4) 2SOJ
            Sulfate PM     =   indirect sulfate + direct sulfate
            Brake         =   brake wear emissions
            Tire           =   tire wear emissions
            Total PM      =   Exhaust PM + brake + tire + indirect SO4
            Unpaveddust  =   road dust from unpaved roads
            Paved dust     =   road dust from paved roads

PRTFLG = 1 will print all pollutants above; PRTFLG = 2 will print Lead, SOF, RCP, Direct S04
and Exhaust PM; and PRTFLG = 3 will print Exhaust PM, Brake-wear, Tire-wear, Total PM, and
Fugitive Dust (paved and unpaved).

Figures 5 and 6 show examples of PRTFLG = 2 and 1 respectively.


BUSFLG determines which alternative bus cycle emission factors to print out when using
OUTFMT=3. The legal values for BUSFLG are:

       1  =  Do not print alternative bus cycle emission factors.
      2  =  Print transit and CBD (Central Business District) bus cycle emission factors.

             The transit usage category is based on the truck chassis cycle which is
             representative of inter-city bus routes. This cycle is intended to represent the same
             vehicle operations as the EPA heavy-duty transient engine dynamometer test for
             heavy-duty diesel engines which is used to certify bus engines to Federal emissions
             standards.

             The CBD usage category is based on an equal contribution of both the Central
             Business District cycle (CBD) and the New York Bus Composite cycle (NYBC).
             The CBD cycle simulates driving in a heavily built up urban environment. It is a
             simplified simulation of urban bus operation on a fixed route with fairly frequent,
             equidistant stops. The NYBC cycle is a "compressed" version of die EPA unfiltered
             tat test cycle. The first part of the cycle simulates non-freeway driving with large
             amounts of idle time, while the second part simulates freeway driving of a highly
             variable transient nature.
                                                                /

       3  =  Print heavy urban bus cycle emission factors. Based on the New York City cycle
             which is representative of driving in heavily congested inner city areas. A lot of
             stop and go with large amounts of acceleration and deceleration, resulting in very
             low fuel economy, is represented in the heavy urban usage category.

-------
The alternative emission factors are calculated using different conversion factors from grams per
brake-horsepower per hour (g/bhp-hr) to grams per mile that reflect different driving behavior than
the EPA heavy-duty truck transient test cycle. The conversion factors developed for the bus usage
categories are inversely proportionate to fuel consumption. In general, the lower the fuel economy
the more severe the conversion factor.

Figure 7 shows an example of BUSFLG = 2.

      NOTE: BUSFLG = 3 is not recommended. The situation this flag represents very rarely
      occurs. The cycle was developed to represent heavy urban bus routes in downtown
      Manhatten (NY.NY). Submissions to EPA using this flag will be examined carefully.
      Modelers should supply justification for the use of BUSFLG = 3 in any State
      Implementation Plan (SIP) - related modeling.

-------
                               3   SCENARIO INPUTS
The scenario section always consists of six input lines for each scenario.  Several different
scenarios may be modeled using one set of control flags. The only control flag that affects the
input of the scenario section is VMFLAG: If VMFLAG = 2, a VMT mix must be supplied for each
scenario. The VMT mix data in this case are entered following the six lines of each scenario
section, instead of in the user-defined data input section (see section 2, VMFLAG).

Line 1. The first line of the scenario inputs contains the region, calendar year of evaluation,
speed cycle, and vehicle speed.  The value of region must be either 1 or 2: 1 for low altitude and 2
for high altitude.  Currently the program produces the same emission factors for low and high
altitude, but we plan to implement regional effects in the future if data warrants.  The calendar year
of evaluation is the year for which emission factors are being modeled The speed cycle is either 1
or 2: 1 is for transient (cyclical) driving, and 2 is for steady (cruise).  The choice of speed cycle
only effects lead emission factors, so there will be no significant effect in current or future calender
yean.  The average vehicle speed must be between 2.5 and 55.fr miles per hour.  Lead and sulfates
are affected by speed in opposing directions, therefore relatively little variation will be seen in total
exhaust PM. The format for this first scenario input line is:
A sample line specifying low-altitude (region = 1), calender year of evaluation 1991, steady
(cruise) driving (speed cycle = 2), and an average speed of 19.6 mph, is:

       11991219.6            iregion, year, speed cycle, speed


Line 2. The second input line contains three inputs for the calculation of the fugitive dust
emission factors. The first input is the unpaved road silt percent; the lower and upper bounds for
this number are 4.3 and 20.0 percent The second input is the paved road silt loading in g/m2; die
lower and upper bounds for the paved road silt loading are 0.02 and 400 gAn2' The third input is
an optional flag, WHEELFLG, to tell the program that the user would like to input the fleet average
number of wheels for use in unpaved road dust calculations (note that tire-wear emissions
calculations us* vehicle class specific average number of wheels which are not affected by this
input).

Fugitive dust emission factors are very sensitive to the silt percent (used in .unpaved road
calculations) and silt loading (used in paved road calculations). Due to the large variability in silt
loadings and percents, it is highly recommended that the user supply loadings from actual
measurements of the roadways to be modeled.  If no measurements are readily available, the user is
highly encouraged to study the AP-42 references 1988a and 1993b given on page 67, to determine
appropriate input values to model specific situations based on region, traffic volume, road type,
etc.
                                           10

-------
Ranges of unpaved road silt percents are (see references page 67, EPA 1988a):

       Copper smelting: 15.9%-19.1%
       Iron and steel production: 4.0% -16.0%
       Sand and gravel processing:  4.1% - 6.0%
       Stone quarrying and processing: 10.5% -15.6%
       Taconite mining and processing: 3.7% - 9.7% for a haul road, 2.4% - 7.1% for
          a service road
       Western surface coal mining: 4.9% - 5.3% for an access road, 2.8% -18% for a
          haul road, 7.2% - 25.0% for a  scraper road, and 18.0% - 29.0% for a freshly graded
          haul road
       Rural roads:  5.8% - 68% for dirt, and 7.7% -13.0% for crushed limestone.

Ranges of different paved road sflt loadings are (in g/m2):

       Copper smelting: 188-400
       Iron and steel production: 0.09-79
       Asphalt batching: 76 - 193
       Concrete batching: 11-12
       Sand and gravel processing:  53-95
       Municipal solid waste landfill: 1.1-32
       Quarry:  2.4 • 14


When WHEELFLG is set to blank or "1", the model will not require any additional user input and
the model will assume the default values for average number of wheels in each vehicle class to be
as listed in die sample of line 7 on page 12. When WHEELFLG is set to "2", the model will
expect a seventh line of output at the end of that scenario.  The format for line 2 is:

       F4.1,1X,F6.2,1X,I1

A sample input line specifying 4.3 % unpaved silt, and 5.1 g/m2 paved silt, is:

       04.3 05.1 2                :unpaved silt%, paved silt (g/m2), WHEELFLG
Line 3.  The third input line also has information for the fugitive dust emission factor calculations.
The input is the number of precipitation days with more than 0.01 inches of rain per year. The
fugitive dust enuuioo factors are average day emission factors for the entire year, and thus are
affected by preajpfation patterns:  the more frequent the annual precipitation days, the lower the
fugitive dust -mutim factors will be, and conversely.

The format for dns input line is:

       13

A sample input line specifying 140 annual days of precipitation, is:

       140                       -.number of precipitation days

An optional input for this line (after number of precipitation days) is a value for TRAPFLG, where
a blank or 1 = no trap emission control technology for buses for model years 1992 and 1993.  If
                                          11

-------
nothing is entered for TRAPFLG, no trap technology is assumed. Setting TRAPFLG = 2
indicates there is some fraction of buses for model years 1992 and 1993 which are maintaining
traps. TRAPFLG = 2 should only be used when there is a maintenance program enforced, in
which the traps are subject to stringent maintenance procedures.  When a "2" is used, the program
will look for a set of two percentages: one for traps maintained on 1992 model year buses and
another percentage for traps maintained on 1993 model year buses.

The format for the third scenario record when the TRAPFLG option is set, is:
A sample line utilizing the optional bus trap emission control technology input, specifying 140
annual days of precipitation, 100% of buses with trap technology for which there is a maintenance
program for model year 1992, and 50% of buses with trap technology for which there is a
maintenance program for model year 1993, is:

       140 2 100.0 050.0          :number of precipitation days, TRAPFLG, % 1992 buses
                                 equipped with maintained traps, % 1993 buses equipped
                                 with maintained traps

Line 4. The fourth input line is the scenario name, up to 32 characters. The name should be
different for each scenario and is echoed back as part of the output labeling. The format is:

      A32

A sample input line is

      Scenario 1                 scenario name

Line 5. The fifth input line is the particle size cutoff (PSC). The emission factors reported
represent the estimated grams per mile of particles with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to
the PSC.  The maximum PSC allowed is 10.0 urn, the minimum is 1.0 (im.  The lower limit for
the PSC for fugitive dust is 2.5 (im. When less than 2.5  um is entered, the program will reflect
emissions for 2.5 ujn PSC for fugitive dust only. The format for this input is:

      F5.2

A sample input line specifying 10 microns, is:

       1 0.00                     :Particle size cutoff (in um).


Line 6. The sodft input line is the fleet average vehicle weights which is used for the calculation
of fugitive dust emissions.

The format for this input is:

      16

A sample line specifying a standard fleet average vehicle weight (Ibs), is:

      6000
                                          12

-------
Line 7. The seventh input line is only required when WHEELFLG = 2 in line 2 of that scenario.
The fleet average number of wheels will be used in calculations for unpaved road dust only.
The format for this input is:
   12
A sample line specifying the fleet average number of wheels, is:
04

-------
                                     4   OUTPUT
The output for PART5 is determined by the user-specified combination of the values assigned to
the control flags OUTFMT, PRTFLG, IDLFLO, SO2FLG, and BUSFLG.

The paniculate emission factor "Exhaust PM" (as printed in die output), is a summation of four
components in the model: lead, soluble organic fraction (SOF), remaining carbon portion (RCP),
and direct sulfate (804).

Lead paniculate emission factors are based on the assumption that virtually all the lead in the fuel is
exhausted As a result, the emission factors depend principally on the lead content in the fuel and
the fuel economy of the vehicle. The lead content of diesel fuel is negligible, so it is assumed that
the lead emissions from diesel-fueled vehicles are also negligible. The lead content of leaded
gasoline is substantially greater man that of unleaded fuel, so the fraction of vehicles that have had
their catalysts removed (and thus are assumed to be using leaded fuel in most cases) can also be an
important factor in determining the lead emission factor froma-vehicle that is representative of the
entire fleet. See discussions on lead emission factors and "Lead Derivation" on pages 48-52 of die
appendix.

The carbon portion of paniculate emissions is broken down in me output as soluble organic
fraction ("SOF", printed when PRTFLG = 1 or 2) and remaining carbon portion ("RCP", printed
when PRTFLG = 1 or 2) for diesel vehicles (see page 58 of appendix). Carbon emission factors
for gasoline vehicles are very small, and it is hard to distinguish between organic carbon and
remaining carbon based on die available data. Table 1 of die appendix (page 56) shows die carbon
component for gasoline vehicles used in die model. This component is not printed for gasoline
vehicles, but is included in die total "Exhaust PM" in die output

The direct sulfate ("Direct SO4", printed when PRTFLG = 1 or 2) is also a component of die
exhausted paniculate matter. The model assumes that all of die sulfur in die fuel is exhausted as
either direct SO4 or gaseous SOj.  See page 52 of appendix for a discussion of gasoline sulfate
emission factors, and page 57 of die appendix for a discussion of diesel sulfate emission factors.

Gaseous sulfur dioxide (SOj) is an optional output, produced by setting die SO2FLG to "2" and
die PRTFLG to" t" or "3", in the control flag section of die input The remaining sulfur in the fuel
(which was notexhansted as $04) is considered to be exhausted as gaseous SO2- Gaseous SOa
acts as a precumrto form additional SO4 in me atmosphere.

"Indirect SO4" (printed only when PRTFLG = 1) is calculated in die model: based on
measurements of ambient sulfur and sulfate from 11 cities in die United States. The model
assumes that 12 percent of die gaseous SO2 reacts in die atmosphere to form SO4.

The "Sulfate PM" (printed only when PRTFLG = 1) is the sum of direct and indirect SO4.

The brake-wear emission factor (printed when PRTFLG s 1 or 3) is assumed to be die same for all
vehicle classes in die modeL The only input which will affect brake-wear emissions is the particle
size cutoff. See die discussion on brake-wear emissions on page 63 of die appendix, and Table 4
for particle size cutoffs, page 66 of die appendix.
                                           14

-------
The tire-wear emission factor (printed when PRTFLG = 1 or 3) varies with the number of wheels
designated for that vehicle class (optional input), and the particle size cutoff. See the discussion on
tire-wear emissions on page 63 of the appendix, and Table 4 for particle size cutoffs, page 66 of
die appendix.

The "Total PM" (printed when PRTFLG = 1 or 3) is the sum of exhaust PM, brake-wear, tire-
wear, and indirect SO4.

There are two fugitive dust categories, "Unpaved Dust" and "Paved Dust," to represent reentrained
road dust emission factors. The formulas used in the model for fugitive dust are based on AP-42
Sections 11.2.1 (EPA 1985b), and 11.2.5 and 11.2.6 (EPA 1993b). See page 62 of appendix for
a discussion of the fugitive dust emission factors in the model.
                                           15

-------
                                   5  EXAMPLES
INTRODUCTION

Inputs and outputs for nine examples (Figures l-9a) are provided to illustrate various aspects of
PARTS. The user is encouraged to try two or more of these examples to ensure that the model as
compiled is running properly. In addition, the reader is encouraged to run the example input file
MANY .IN, after reading Chapters 2 and 3, in order to get a global sense of the options and data
input requirements. All files listed in the example index below are available on disk and on the
Technology Transfer Network (TTN) Bulletin Board System (BBS).

Any word processing software or other test editor can be used to modify the example PARTS input
files to match user requirements. This is the easiest way tainsum that the proper formats and
record orders are maintained. However, when using word processing software the user should be
careful to save input files only as DOS text documents (ASCII text). Converting and saving input
files as word-processing documents will add hidden characters to the file which will not be
properly processed by the PARTS model.

You can determine if an input has had hidden characters by using the TYPE command available in
DOS to list the input file to the screen. Any characters shown which were not intended to be in the
file will cause problems when the file is read by PARTS. An  example of the TYPE command, with
an option to pause after each screen of characters would be:

TYPE l MORE

Another problem that may occur when editing PARTS input files is determining proper column
location. When using word-processing software to edit these input files, if the file is viewed or
printed using a proportional font, some characters in each row will take up more or less column
space than other characters. All PARTS input and output files assume that all characters take up
equal column space (non-proportional spacing). It is helpful then to always use a non-proportional
font (such as Courier) when viewing or printing PARTS input or output files.
                                          16

-------
EXAMPLE  INDEX

The following files are included with electronic copies of PARTS (either on disk or via the bulletin
board system). A brief description accompanies each filename to help the user find specific
examples.
Figure
1
2
3
4
5
Filename:
VMT2.IN
VMT3.IN
MY.IN
FM5.IN
PRT2.IN
Description:
VMFLAG=2 showing alternate VMT mixes for each scenario.
VMFLAG=3 showing alternate VMT mix once per run.
MYMRFG=4 showing input for alternate mileage accumulation rates
and registration distributions.
OUTFMT=5 showing by-model-year input for LDGV.
PRTFLG=2 showing only Exhaust PM and components printed in
                        output.

   6      PRT1 .IN       PRTFLG=1 showing Exhaust PM and components, Indirect
                        Sulfate, Sulfate PM, Brakcy TtrerTotal Paniculate and Fugitive Dust
                        emissions factors pinted in output.

   7      BUS2.IN       BUSFLG=2 showing Transit and CBD bus usage categories.

   8      MANY.IN     VMFLAG=3, MYMRFG=4, RFGFLG^2, OUTFMT=5, showii g
                        order of one-time data inputs.

   9      TRAP.IN       BUSFLG=2, TRAPFLG=2 showing different scenarios of traps on
                        buses for model years 1992 and 1993.
                                       17

-------
Figure   1

Sample Using Alternate VMT Mixes for each scenario
      :VMFLAG  (alternate VMT mixes)
2
1
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1 1994 1 19.6
04.3 05.1   2
140
scenel
10.
6000
04
0.6340 0.1760 0.0830 0.0310 0.0070 0.
      :MYMRFG  (alternate mileage accumulation rates & registration)
      :IMFLAG  (Inspection and maintenance)
      :RFGFLG  (2 to apply reformulated gasoline effects, 1 not to)
      :OUTFMT  (indicates type of output format)
      :IDLFLG  (2 to print, 1 not to print idle emission factors)
      :SO2FLG  (2 to print Gaseoua SO2 emissions, 1 not to print them)
      :PRTFLG  (determines which pollutants to print out)
      :BUSFLG  (determines which alternative bus cycle to print out)
                 : region, year, speed cycle, speed
                 : unpaved silt%, ind. silt g/mA2, WHEELFLG
                 : number of precip. days
                                :scene name
         Particle size cutoff
                                     0040
                0010 0.0140 0.0340 0.0040
                 : region, year, speed cycle, speed
                 : unpaved silt%, ind. silt g/m*2, WHEELFLG
                 : number of precip. days
                                :scene name
0.0020 0.0100 0
1 2000 1 19.6
04.3 05.1   2
140
scene2
10.   — Particle size cutoff
6000
04
0.6150 0.1900 0.0860 0.0310 0.0060 0.0010
0.0010 0.0130 0.0010 0.0170 0.0360 0.0030
                               PARTS February 24,  1995

                                         18

-------
Figur*   la
 PARTS Revised 02-24-95
 Sample Using Alternate^ Wi* Mix**  for each scenario
 User supplied veh miles traveled mixture
 scenel
 Particle Size Cutoff 10.00 Microns
 Cal. Year: 1994
   Veh. Type:  LDGV   LOGT1    LDCT2
                                      HDGV
Altitude:  500.  ft.
I/M Program: Ho
Driving:  Transient RFG:No
Region:   Low              All
                                               1C
      LDOV    LOOT   2BHDOV LHDDV   MHDOV   HHDDV   BOSB8    Veh.
 Veh. Speeds:  19.6    19.6     19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6
     VMT Mix: 0.6340  0.1760   0.0830  0.0310  0.0070  0.0040  0.0020  0.0100  0.0010  0.0140  0.0340  0.0040
 Composite Emission Factors  (g/mi)
  exhaust PM: 0.014   0.018    0.040   0.154   0.020   0.288   0.346   0.324   0.921   1.156   1.380   1.260   0.094
  Brake:      0.013   0.013    0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013
  Tire:       0.008   0.008    0.008   0.012   0.004   0.008   0.008   0.008   0.012   0.012   0.036   0.008   0.009
  Total PMt   0.058   0.070    0.092   0.237   0.046   0.341   0.405   0.409   1.042   1.306   1.583   1.430   0.149
 Fugitive Oust:  Unpaged Read* Fleet Avenge  139.04 g/mi (a* calculated In AP42 Vol 1 9/88)*
                  Paved Roads Fleet Average   13.41 g/mi (as calculated in draft AP42 Vol 1 3/93)*
                Unpaved Read* Fleet Average  138.83 g/mi (a* calculated lir «V«Z Vol 1 9/88, minus tailpipe and
                                                         tire-wear emissions)*•
                  Paved Road* Fleet Average   13.21 g/mi (a* calculated in draft AP42 Vol 1 3/93, minus tailpipe)
                                                         and tire-wear emissions)**
 *  Include* fleet average) tailpipe, tire-wear and brake wear emissions.
 »* Includes fleet average brake-wear emission*.
  Paved Road Silt:   5.10 (g/mA2)
  Unpaved Silt:   4.3%
  Precipitation  Days:  140 >0.01 in.  (par year)
               Fleet average vehicle weight:   6000
               Fleet average number of wheels:  4
                                              PARTS  Febrvary  24,  1995
                                                             19

-------
Figure   2

Sample Using Alternate VMT Mixes once per run
3     :VMFLAG  (alternate VMT mixes)
1     :MYMRFG  (alternate mileage accumulation rates & registration)
1     :IMFLAG  (Inspection and maintenance)
1     :RFGFLG  (2 to apply reformulated gasoline effects, 1 not to)
3     :OUTFMT  (indicates type of output format)
1     :IDLFLG  (2 to print, 1 not to print idle emission factors)
1     :SO2FLG  (2 to print Gaseous SO2 emissions, 1 not to print them)
3     :PRTFLG  (determines which pollutants to print out)
1     :BUSFLG  (determines which alternative bus cycles to print out)
0.6340 0.1760 0.0830 0.0310 0.0070 0.0040
0.0020 0.0100 0.0010 0.0140 0.0340 0.0040
1 1994 1 19.6    : region, year, speed cycle, speed
04.3 05.1   2    : unpaved silt%, ind. silt g/mA2, WHEELFLG
140              : number of precip. days
scenel                          :scene name
10.   — Particle size cutoff
6000
04
                               PARTS February 24,  1995

                                         20

-------
Figuro   2a
 PARTS Revised 02-24-93
 Sampla Using Alternate  VMT Mixes ones p«r run
 User supplied weh miles  traveled mixture
 scenel
 Particle Siza Cutoff  10.00 Microns
 Cal. Yaar:  1994
   Veh. Type:   LOOT   LDGT1   LDGT2    HDGV
 Altitudes  500.  Ft.
 I/M Program: Do
MC     LDDV    LOOT
              Driving:   Transient RFC:Mo
              Region:    Low               All
2BHODV  LHODV  HHDOV    HHODV   BUSES    Veh.
 Vah. Speeds:   19.6    19.6     19.«    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6     19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6
     VMT Mix:  0.6340  0.1760   0.0830  0.0310  0.0070  0.0040  0.0020  0.0100   0.0010  0.0140  0.0340  0.0040
 ComposIta Emission Factors  (g/mi)
  Exhaust PM:  0.014   0.018    0.040   0.1S4   0.020   0.288   0.346   0.324    0.921   1.156   1.380   1.260   0.094
  Brake:      0.013   0.013    0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013    0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013
  Tlra:       0.008   0.008    0.008   0.012   0.004   0.008   0.008   0.008    0.012   0.012   0.036   0.008   0.009
  Total PMl   0.058   0.070    0.092   0.237   0.046   0.341   0.409   0.409    1.042   1.306   1.S83   1.430   0.149
 Fugitive Dust:  Unpaved Roads Flaat Average  139.04 g/mi (as calculated in AP42 Vol 1 9/88)*
                  Paved Roads Flaat Average   13.41 g/mi (as calculated in draft AP42 Vol 1 3/93)*
                Unpaved Roads Fleet Avaxmga)  138.83 g/mi (as eal.euls.taU in M4T Vol 1 9/88, minus tailpipe and
                                                         tire-wear emissions)**
                  Paved Roads Flaat Average   13.21 g/mi (as calculated in draft AP42 Vol 1 3/93, minus tailpipe
                                                         and tire-wear emissions)**
 *  Includes fleet average tailpipe, tire-wear and brake-wear emissions.
 ** Includes fleet average brake-wear emissions.
  Paved Road Silt:   5.10 (g/mA2)
  Unpaved Silt:   4.3%
  Precipitation  Days:   140 >0.01 in.  (par year)
                Fleet average vehicle weight:   6000
                Flaat average number of wheels:  4
                                              PARTS  February  24,  1995
                                                            21

-------
Figure   3
Sample Input File Using Alternate Mil. Accum. Rates & Reg.  Dist.
1
4
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
14390
08254
04735
15442
08276
04436
14779
10335
07227
17251
09114
04815
04786
01678
rVMFLAG
:MYMRFG
: IMF LAG
: RFGFLG
: OUTFMT
: IDLFLG
:S02FLG
rPRTFLG
rBUSFLG
.13612 .
.07807 .
.04478 .
.14508 .
.07776 .
.04168 .
.14259 .
.09972 .
.06973 .
.16185 .
.08551 .
.04517 .
.04475 .
.01368 .
(alternate VMT mixes)
(alternate mileage
(Inspection
(2 to
apply
accumulation rates & registration)
and maintenance)
reformulated gasoline
(indicates type of
(2 to
(2 to
print,
print
(determines
(determines
12875
07386
04237
13631
07306
03916
13758
09621
06728
15185
08022
04238
04164
00000
.12180
.06987
.04007
.12807
.06864
.03679
.13275
.09283
.06492
.14246
.07526
1 not
Gaseous
effects,
1 not
to)
output format)
to print
idle
SO2 emissions
which pollutants
emission
factors)
, 1 not to print
them)
to print out)
which alternative bus
.11522
.06608
.03790
.12032
.06449
.03456
.12809
.08957
.06264
.13365
.07061
.10899 .
.06251 .

.11305 .
.06059 .

.12359 .
.08642 .

.12539 .
.06625 .
10310
05913

10621
05693

11924
08339

11764
06215
cycles to print
.09751 .
.05594 .

.09979 .
.05348 .

.11505 .
.08046 .

.11037 .
: ,05»3> .
09225 .
05291 .

09376 .
05025 .

11101 .
07763 .

10355 .
05471 .
.03976 .03730
.03853
.00000
.03543
.00000
.03232 .
.00000 .
02921
00000
.02611 .
.00000 .
02300 .
00000 .
out)
08726
05005
LDGV
08809
04721
LDGT1
10711
07490
LDGT2
09715
05132
HDGV
01989
00000
13017
05932
02703
12133
05365
02411
14038
04308
.12033
.05484
.10863
.05123
.12474
.03828
                                         .11124 .10283
                                         .05069 .04686

                                         .09788 .08877
                                         .04924 .04763
00000 .00000 .00000 .00000 .00000
17825 .16478 .15233 .14081
08123 .07509 .06942 .06417
03702 .03422 .03163 .02924
20140 .17572 .15432 .13639
06883 .06405 .05999 .05655
03342 .03080 .02839 .02616
22517 .20009 .17779 .15798
06910 .06140 .05456 .04848
02121 .01884 .01675 .01488 .01322
              22346 .21455 .20600
              14878 .14285 .13716
       10317 .09906 .09511 .09132
       25204 .24357 .23538 .22746
       17904 .17302 .16720 .16158
       12718 .12290 .11877 .11478
       58663 .5S34» .52220 .49269
       32790 .30937 .29189 .27540
              17293 .16315 .15393
              21443 .19720 .18135
              09279 .08533 .07847
              04074 .03787 .03541
049 .079 .083 .082 .084 .081 .077
050 .054 .047 .037 .024 .019 .014
006 .005 .004 .003 .010                               LDGV
063 .084 .084 .084 .084 .069 .059 .044 .036 .031
030 .053 .047 .046 .036 .028 .017 .022 .017 .014
009 .008 .008 .005 .025                               LDGT1
                               PARTS February 24, 199S
24239 .23273
16139 .15496
10746
26081
18527 .
13160 .
62176 .
34754 .
19426 .18328
25354 .23317
10971 .10090
04760 .04397
                            MC
                     09506 .08788
                     04332 .04005
                            LDDV
                     08103 .07444
                     04637 .04543
                            LOOT
       11084 .09849 .08752 .07777
       03402 .03023 .02686 .02387
                            2BHDDV
19779 .18990 .18233 .17507 .16809
       12644 .12140 .11656 .11192
                            LHOVM
                     19838 .19171
                     14092 .13618
                            MHDVM
                     39042 .36836
                     21823 .20590
                            MHOVM
                     12972 .11929
                     05613 .05161
                            BUSES
.13169

.21982
.15614

.46485
.25983

.16678
.07216
.21243
.15089

.43858
.24515

.15338
.06637
.20528
.14582

.41380
.23130

.14106
.06103
                                  .056 .050 .051
                                  .015 .011 .008
                                         22

-------
Figur*   3  (continued)

054 .072 .072 .072 .072 .052 .050 .034 .054
028 .080 .084 .049 .039 .030 .018 .023 .018
009 .008 .009 .OOe .026
023 .047 .047 .047 .047 .038 .033 .021 .026
034 .064 .054 .058 .051 .038 .043 .041 .035
021 .022 .022 .014 .117
144 .168 .135 .109 .088 .070 .056 .045 .036
023 .097 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
000 .000 .000 .000 .000
049 .079 .083 .082 .084 .081 .077 .056 .050
050 .054 .047 .037 .024 .019 .014 .015 .011
006 .005 .004 .003 .010
063 .084 .084 .084 .084 .069 .059 .044 .036
030 .053 .047 .046 .036 .028 .017 .022 .017
009 .008 .008 .005 .025
043 .084 .084 .084 .084 .091 .076 .050 .051
066 .083 .069 .071 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
000 .000 .000 .000 .000
000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .273
125 .102 .080 .057 .182
034 .067 .067 .067 .067 .073 .061 .040 .041
053 .066 .055 .057 .045 .019 .023 .028 .024
Oil .009 .007 .005 .016
034 .067 .067 .067 .067 .073 .061 .040 .041
053 .066 .055 .057 .045 .019 .023 .028 .024
Oil .009 .007 .005 .016
030 .060 .059 .058 .057 .055 .054 .053 .052
050 .049 .047 .046 .045 .044 .044 .043 .042
008 .007 .006 .005 .025
                 : region,  year,  speed cycl«
                 : unpaved silt%, ind. silt
                 : number of precip.  daya
                                :scene name
                                            .031
                                            .015

                                            .029
                                            .029

                                            .029
                                            .000

                                            .051
                                            .008

                                            .031
                                            .014

                                            .064
                                            .000

                                            .000
                                            .182

                                            .051
                                            .016

                                            .051
                                            .016
          LDGT2
          HDGV
          MC
          LDDV
          LOOT
          2BHDDV
        —XHDW
          MHDW
                                                      HHDW
1 1994 1 19.6
04.3 05.1   2
140
scenel
 .050
 .010
          BUSES
i, speed
g/m"2, WHEELFLG
10.   — Particle size cutoff
6000
04
                               PARTS February 24, 1995

                                         23

-------
Figure   3m
 HARKING: According Co historical racorda
          there are no Class 2B Heavy Duty Diesel vehicles
          for modal years  before 1981 or Light Heavy Duty
          Diesel vehicles  after 197«.  PARIS will always
          assume 0.0 rag1stration for these vehicle*
          during those periods.

 PARTS Revised 02-24-95
 Sample Input File Using Alternate Mil. Accum. Rates ( Rag.  Dist.
 User supplied mileage accrual distributions , van registration distributions.
 scenel
 Particle Size Cutoff  10.00 Microns              Altitude:   500. Ft.                Driving:  Transient RTG:No
 Cal. Year:  1994                                 I/M Program:  Ho                    Region:   Low              All
   Veh. Type:   LDGV   LDGT1   LDGT2    HDGV     MC     LDDV   LDDT   2BHDDV  LHODV   MHDDV   HHDDV  BOSBS    Vah.
Vah. Speeds: 19.6
VKT Mix: 0.6337
Composite Emission
Exhaust PM: 0.014
Brake: 0.013
Tire: 0.008
Total PM: O.OS8
19.6
0.1760
Factor*
0.018
0.013
0.008
0.070
19.6
0.0831
(g/mt)
0.040
0.013
0.008
0.092
19.6
0.0307
0.1S4
0.013
0.012
0.237
19.6
0.0072
0.020
0.013
0.004
0.044
19.6
0.0043
0.288
0.013
0.008
0.341
19.6
0.0017
0.346
0.013
0.008
0.40S
19.6
0.0102
0.324
O^OU'
0.008
0.409
19.6
0.0012
0.921
" 0.013
0.012
1.042
19.6
0.0137
1.156
0.013
0.012
1.306
19.6
0.0344
1.380
0.013
0.036
1.383
19.6
0.0033
1.260
0.013
0.008
1.430
19.6
0.094
0.013
0.009
0.149
 Fugitive Dust:  Onpaved  Road* Fleet Average  139.04 g/mi (as calculated in AP42 Vol 1 9/88)*
                  Paved  Road* Fleet Average   13.41 g/mi (as calculated in draft AP42 Vol 1 3/93)*
                Unpaved  Roads Fleet Avenge  138.83 g/mi (a* calculated la AP42 Vol 1 9/88, minus tailpipe and
                                                         tire-wear emissions)**
                  Paved  Roads Fleet Average   13.21 g/mi (as calculated in draft AP42 Vol 1 3/93,  minus tailpipe
                                                         and tire-wear emissionsI•*

 *  Includes fleet average tailpipe, tire wear and brake-wear emissions.
 ** Includes fleet average brake-wear emissions.
  Paved Road Silt:   5.10  (g/«~2)
  Unpaved Silts   4.3%
  Precipitation  Days:  140 X>.01 in.  (per year)
Fleet average vehicle weight:   6000
Fleet average number of wheels:  4
                                              PARTS February  24,  1995
                                                            24

-------
Figur*   4
Sample with OUTFMT - 5
1     :VMFLAG  (alternate VMT mixes)
               (alternate mileage accumulation rates & registration)
               (Inspection and maintenance)
               (2 to apply reformulated gasoline effects, 1 not to)
               (indicates type of output format)
               (2 to print, 1 not to print idle emission factors)
               (2 to print Gaseous SO2 emissions, 1 not to print them)
               (determines which pollutants to print out)
               (determines which alternative bus cycles to print out)
1
1
1
5
1
1
3
1
      :MYMRFG
      :IMFLAG
      :RFGFLG
      :OUTFMT
      :IOLFLG
      :S02FLG
      :PRTFLG
      :BUSFLG
211111111111
1 1994 1 19.6
04.3 05.1   2
140
scenel
10.   — Particle
6000
04
                   region, year, speed cycle, speed
                   unpaved silt%, ind. silt g/mA2, WHEELFLG
                   number of precip. days
                                 :scene name
                  size cutoff
                               PARTS February 24,  1995

                                         25

-------
Figure   4a

 PAP.T5 Revised 02-24-95.
 Sample wtth OUTFMT - 5
 scene1
 Particle Size Cutoff 10.00  Microns
 Cal. Year: 1994
   Van. Type:   LDGV   LDGT1    LTCT2
HDGV
          Altitude;   500. Ft.
          I/M Program: Mo
         MC     LDDV   LDDT
              Driving:  Transient RFG:No
              Region!   Low               All
2BHOOV  LHDDV  MHDOV   HHDDV   BUSES    Van.
 Van. Speeds:   19.6    19.6     19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6
     VMT Mix:  0.6337   0.1760   0.0831  0.0307  0.0072  0.0043  0.0017   0.0102  0.0012  0.0137  0.0344  0.0033
 Composite Emission Factors  (g/mi)
  Exhaust PM:  0.014   0.018    0.040   0.134   0.020   0.28S   0.346   0.324   0.921   1.136   1.380   1.260   0.094
  Brake:      0.013   0.013    0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013
  Tire:       0.008   0.008    0.008   0.012   0.004   0.008   0.008   0.008   0.012   0.012   0.036   0.008   0.009
  Total PM:   O.OS8   0.070    0.092   0.237   0.046   0.341   0.403   0.409   1.042   1.306   1.383   1.430   0.149
 Fugitive Dust:  Unpaved Roads  Fleet Average  139.04 g/mi (as calculated in AP42 Vol 1 9/88)*
                  Paved Roadi  Fleet Average   13.41 g/mi (as calculated in draft AP42 Vol 1 3/93)*
                Unpaved Road*  Fleet Average  138.83 g/mi (•• calculated In AP42-Vol 1 9/88, minus tailpipe and
                                                         tire-wear emission*)**
                  Paved Roads  Fleet Average   13.21 g/mi (as calculated in draft AP42 Vol 1 3/93, minus tailpipe
                                                         and tire-wear emission*)**

 *  Includes fleet average tailpipe, tire-wear and brake-wear emissions.
 ** Include* fleet average brake-wear emission*.
  Paved Road Silt:   S.10 (g/m"2)
  Unpaged Silt:  4.3%
  Precipitation Days:  140  >0.01  in.  (per year)
                        Fleet average vehicle weight:    6000
                        Fleet average number of wheel*:   4
                                              PARTS  February  24,  1995
                                                            26

-------
Figure   4*   (continued)
 PARTS Ravlsad 02-24-99
 Sample with OUTTMT - 5
 scen«l
 Emission Factors (On/Mil*)
                           Light Duty G«» VahiclM
                               January I, 1994
Modal
Y«ar
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
1981
1980
1979
1978
1977
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
1971
1970

XT Ml las
0.02 1799.
0.11 10768.
0.11 24575.
0.11 37637.
0.10 49991.
0.09 61679.
0.08 72735.
0.06 83193.
0.05 93085.
0.05 102442.
0.04 111294.
0.04 119667.
0.03 127586.
0.03 135078.
0.02 142165.
0.01 148869.
0.01 155210.
0.01 161208.
0.01 166882.
0.00 172249.
0.00 177326.
0.00 182129.
0.00 186672.
0.00 190970.
0.00 195034.
1 Exhaust PMi
1 Emlss Rat*
0.012
0.012
0.012
0.012
0.012
0.012
0.012
0.012
0.014
0.016
0.016
0.015
0.016
0.017
0.026
0.019
0.019
0.018
0.019
0.019
0.043
0.043
0.043
0.043
0.043
1 Brake:
1 Eniss Rat*
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.013
1 Tlr*<
1 Emlss Rat*
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.008
o.ooa
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.008
 ComposIt•I
                   0.014
                              0.013
                                          0.008
                                     PARTS February 24, 1995
                                                 27

-------
Figure   4*   (continued)
 .. .Continued
 PARTS Ravlsad 02-24-93
 Samplo with OUTFMT - 5
 scene1
 Emission .Factors (Cm/Mile)
Modal
Ifear TF
1994 0.02
1993 0.11
1991 0.11
1991 0.11
1990 0.10
1989 0.09
1988 0.08
1987 0.06
1986 0.05
1985 0.05
1984 0.04
1983 0.04
1982 0.03
1981 0.03
1980 0.02
1979 0.01
1978 0.01
1977 0.01
1976 0.01
1975 0.00
1974 0.00
1973 0.00
1972 0.00
1971 0.00
1970 0.00
1
Miles I
1799.
10768.
24576.
37637.
49991.
61679.
72735.
83193.
93085.
102442.
111294.
119667.
127S86.
135078.
142165.
148869.
153210.
161208.
166882.
172249.
177326.
182129.
186672.
190970.
195034.
Total PM:
Emiss Rat*
0.053
0.053
0.053
O.OSS
0.055
0.053
0.055
0.055
0.057
0.059
0.060
0.060
0.061
0.062
0.073
0.070
0.071
0.073
0.076
0.080
0.108
0.108
0.107
0.108
0.105
                            Light Duty Gas Vehicles
                               January 1, 1994
 Composite:
                   0.058
                                     PARTS February 24,  199S
                                                 28

-------
Figure   5
Saunple with PR1TLG - 2
1     iVMFLAG
1     :MYMRFG
1     :IMFLAG
1     :RFGFLG
3     :OUTFMT
1     :IDLFLG
1     :SO2FLG
2     rPRTFLG
1     :BUSFLG
1 1994 1 19.6
04.3 05.1   2
140
scenel
        (alternate VMT mixes)
        (alternate mileage accumulation rates & registration)
        (Inspection and maintenance)
        (2 to apply reformulated gasoline effects, 1 not to)
        (indicates type of output format)
        (2 to print, 1 not to print idle emission factors)
        (2 to print Gaseous SO2 emissions, 1 not to print them)
        (determines which pollutants to print out)
        (determines which alternative bus cycles to print out)
           : region, year, speed cycle, speed
           : unpaved silt%, ind. silt g/mA2, WHEELFLG
           : number of precip. days
                          :scene name
10.
6000
04
— Particle size cutoff
                               PARTS February 24, 1995

                                         29

-------
Figure   5*

 PARTS Ravisad 02-24-95
 Sample with PRTFLG - 2
 scanal
 Particle Size Cutoff 10.00 Microns
 Cal. Year:  1994
   Vah. Type:  LOGV   LDCT1   LDGT2
                HDGV
                          Altitude:   500. Ft.
                          I/M Program! Ho
                         hC     LDDV   LDDT
                                                    Driving:  Transient RFC:No
                                                    Region:   Low              All
                                      2BHDDV  LHDDV   MHDDV   HHDDV   BUSES    Vah.
 Vah. Spaad*:   19.6    19.S    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6     19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6
     VMT Mix:  0.6337  0.1760  0.0831  0.0307  0.0072  0.004S  0.0017  0.0102  0.0012  0.0137  0.0344  0.003S
 Composite Emission Factor* (g/mi)
  Laad:
  SOF:
  RCP:
  Direct S04:  0.009
  Exhaust m:  0.014
              0.000   0.000   0.000   0.000   0.000
0.010
0.018
0.009
0.040
0.008
0.154
0.002
0.020
0.000
0.062
0.220
0.006
0.288
0.000
0.200
0.139
0.007
0.346
0.000
0.157
0.151
0.016
0.324
0.000
0.457
0.440
0.024
0.921
0.000
0.495
0.630
0.030
1.156
0.000
0.322
1.021
0.037
1.380
0.000
0.539
0.685
0.036
1.260
                                                                                                           19.6
                                                                                                          0.000
0.010
0.094
                                             PARTS  February  24,  1995
                                                           30

-------
Figur«   6
Sample with PRTFLG - 1
1     :VMTLAG (alternate VMT mixes)
       MYMRFG (alternate mileage accumulation rates & registration)
       IMFLAG (Inspection and maintenance)
              (2 to apply reformulated gasoline effects, 1 not to)
              (indicates type of output format)
              (2 to print, 1 not to print idle emission factors)
              (2 to print Gaseous SO2 emissions, 1 not to print them)
              (determines which pollutants to print out)
              (determines which alternative bus cycles to print out)
                 :  region, year, speed cycle, speed
                 :  unpaved silt%, ind. silt g/m"2, WHEELFLG
                 :  number of precip. days
                                :scene name
                  size cutoff
1
1
1     :RFGFLG
3     :OUTFMT
1     : IDLFLG
1     :S02FLG
1     :PRTFLG
1     :BUSFLG
1 1994 1 19.6
04.3 05.1   2
140
scenel
10.   — Particle
6000
04
                               PARTS February 24, 1995

                                         31

-------
Figure   6a

 PARTS Ravisod 02-24-95
 Sample with PRTFLG - 1
 scanel
 Particle Slza Cutoff  10.00 Microns
 Cal. Yaar:  1994
   Vah. Type:   LDOV   LDCT1   LDGT2
HDGV
          Altitude:  500. Ft.
          I/M Program: Ho
         1C     LDDV    LDDT
             Driving:  Transient RFG:No
             Region:   Low               All
2BHDDV  LHDOV  MHDOV   HHDDV   BUSES    Vah.
 Vah. Speeds:   19.«     19.C    19.<    19.6    19.6    19.«    19.<    19.«    19.6    19.6    19.<    19.6
     VMT Mix:  0.6337   0.1760  0.0831  0.0307  0.0072  0.0045  0.0017  0.0102  0.0012  0.0137   0.0344  0.0035
 Composite Emission Factors  (g/mi)
                                                                      19.6
Lead:
SOF:
RCP:
Direct S04:
Exhaust PMl
Indlr. SO4:
Sulfate PMl
Brake:
Tire:
Total PMl
0.000
-
-
0.009
0.014
0.023
0.032
0.013
0.008
0.058
0.000
-
-
0.010
0.018
0.031
0.040
0.013
0.008
0.070
0.000
-
-
0.009
0.040
0.032
0.041
0.013
0.008
0.092
0.000
-
-
0.008
0.154
0.059
0.067
0.013
0.012
0.237
0.000
-
-
0.002
0.020
0.009
0.011
0.013
0.004
0.046
0.000
0.062
0.220
0.006
0.288
0.032
0.038
0.013
0.008
0.341
0.000
0.200
0.139
0.007
0.346
0.039
0.046
0.013
0.008
0.405
0.000
0.157
0.151
0.016
0.324
0.064
0.080
ovoir
0.008
0.409
0.000
0.457
0.440
0.024
0.921
0.097
0.120
" 0.013
0.012
1.042
0.000
0.495
0.630
0.030
1.136
0.125
0.156
0.013
0.012
1.306
0.000
0.322
1.021
0.037
1.380
0.154
0.191
0.013
0.036
1.583
0.000
0.539
0.685
0.036
1.260
0.149
0.186
0.013
0.008
1.430
0.000
-
-
0.010
0.094
0.033
0.043
0.013
0.009
0.149
 Fugitive Dust:  Unpaged Road* Fleet Avenge  139.04 g/mi  (a* calculated In AP42 Vol 1 9/88)*
                  Paved Roads Fleet Avenge   13.41 g/mi  (a* calculated In draft AP42 Vol 1 3/93)*
                Onpaved Roads Fleet Avenge  138.83 g/mi  (as calculated in AP42 Vol 1 9/88, minus tailpipe and
                                                         tire-wear emissions)**
                  Paved Roads Fleet Avenge   13.21 g/mi  (aa calculated in draft AP42 Vol 1 3/93, minus tailpipe
                                                         and tire-wear emissionsI*•
 *  Include* fleet  average tailpipe, tire-wear and brake
 ** include* fleet  average brake wear emission*.

  Paved Road Silts   5.10  .0l la. (per year)
                                                            omissions.
                        Fleet avenge vehicle weight:   6000
                        Fleet average number of wheel*:  4
                                              PARTS February 24, 1995

                                                            32

-------
Figure   7
Sample with OUTFMX - 3 and BUSFLG-2
1     :VMFLAG
1     :M*MRFG
1     :IMFLAG
1     :RFGFLG
3     :OUTFMT
1     : IDLFLG
1     :SO2FLG
3     :PRTFLG
2     :BUSFLG
1 1994 1 19.6
04.3 05.1   2
140
scene1
        (alternate VMT mixes)
        (alternate mileage accumulation rates & registration)
        (Inspection and maintenance)
        (2 to apply reformulated gasoline effects/ 1 not to)
        (indicates type of output format)
        (2 to print idle emissions, 1 not to print them)
        (2 to print Gaseous SO2 emissions, 1 not to print them)
        (determines which pollutants to print out)
        (determines which alternative bua cycles to print out)
           :  region, year, speed cycle, speed
           :  unpaved silt%, ind. silt g/mA2, WHEELFLG
           :  number of precip. days
                          :scene name
10.
6000
04
— Particle
size cutoff
 fleet average vehicle weight
 fleet average vehicle wheels
                               PARTS February 24, 1995

                                         33

-------
Figure   7a
 PARTS Revised 02-24-95
 Sample with OUTTMT - 3 and BUSFLO2
scenel
Particle Size Cutoff 10.00 Microns
Cal. Year: 1994
Van. Type: LDGV
Van. Speeds: 19.6
VMT Mix: 0.6337
Composite Emission
Exhaust PM: 0.014
Brake: 0.013
Tire: 0.008
Total PM: 0.058

LDOT1
19.6
0.1760
Factors (
0.018
0.013
0.008
0.070

LDGT2
19.6
0.0831
g/ml)
0.040
0.013
0.008
0.092

KDUV
19.6
0.0307

0.154
0.013
0.012
0.237
Altitude: SOO. Ft.
I/M
MC
19.6
0.0072

0.020
0.013
0.004
0.046
Program:
LDOV
19.6
0.004S

0.288
0.013
0.008
0.341
No
LOOT
19.6
0.0017

0.346
0.013
0.008
0.405
Driving :
Region:
2BHODV
19.6
0.0102

0.324
0.013
0.008
0.409
LHDDV
19.6
0.0012

0.921
0.013
0.012
1.042
MHDDV
19.6
0.0137

1.156
0.013
0.012
1.306
Transient RFC: Ho
Low
KHDDV
19.6
0.0344

1.380
0.013
0.036
1.583

B05ES
19.6
0.0035

1.260
0.013
0.008
1.430
All
van.
19.6


0.094
0.013
0.009
0.149
Transit
Buses**
13.5


1.477
0.013
0.008
1.723
CBD
Buses*
10. S


3.536
0.013
0.008
3.830
 Fugitive Oust: Onpaved Roads Fleet Average  139.04 g/ml (as calculated in AP42 Vol 1 9/88)*
                 Paved Roads Fleet Average   13.41 g/ml (a* calculated in draft AP42 Vel 1 3/93)*
               unpaved Roads Fleet Average  138.83 g/mi (a* calculated In AP42 Vol 1 9/88, minus tailpipe and
                                                        tire-wear eaUsVions) **
                 Paved Road* Fleet Avenge   13.21 g/mi (a* calculated in draft AP42 Vel 1 3/93, minus tailpipe
                                                        and tire-wear emissions)••
 *  Includes  fleet average tailpipe,  tire wear and brake
 ** Include*  fleet average brake-wear emissions.

  Paved Road  Silt:   3.10  (g/m*2)
  Unpaved Silt:   4.3%
  Precipitation  Days:  140 >0.01 in.  (per year)
                                                            emission*.
Fleet average vehicle weight:    6000
Fleet average number of wheel*s  4
 "Not Included in All Veh.
                                             PARTS  Febraarj  24,  1995
                                                            34

-------
Figure   8

Sample Input File Using Many User Optional Inputs
3     :VMFLAG (alternate VMT mixes)
4     :MYMRFG (alternate mileage accumulation rates & registration)
1     :IMFLAG (Inspection and maintenance)
2     rRFGFLG (2 to apply reformulated gasoline effects,  1 not to)
5     :OUTFMT (indicates type of output format)
1     rIDLFLG (2 to print, 1 not to print idle emission factors)
1     :SO2FLG (2 to print Gaseous SO2 emissions, 1 not to print them)
3     :PRTFLG (determines which pollutants to print out)
1     :BUSFLG (determines which alternative bus cycles to print out)
0.6340 0.1760 0.0830 0.0310 0.0070 0.0040           :VMT MIX
0.0020 0.0100 0.0010 0.0140 0.0340 0.0040           :VMT MIX
14390 .13612 .12875 .12180 .11522 .10899 .10310 .09751 .09225 .08726
08254 .07807 .07386 .06987 .06608 .06251 .05913 .05594 .05291 .05005
04735 .04478 .04237 .04007 .03790                              LDGV
15442 .14508 .13631 .12807 .12032 .11305 .10621 .09979 .09376 .08809
08276 .07776 .07306 .06864 .06449 .06059 .05693 .05348 .05025 .04721
04436 .04168 .03916 .03679 .03456                              LDGT1
14779 .14259 .13758 .13275 .12809 .12359 .11924 .11505 .11101 .10711
10335 .09972 .09621 .09283 .08957 .08642 .08339 .08046 .07763 .07490
07227 .06973 .06728 .06492 .06264
LDGT2
17251 .16185 .15185 .14246 .13365 .12539 .11764 .11037 .10355 .09715
09114 .08551 .08022 .07526 .07061 .06625 .06215 .05831 .05471 .05132
04815 .04517 .04238 .03976 .03730                              HDGV
04786 .04475 .04164 .03853 .03543 .03232 .02921 .02611 .02300 .01989
01678 .01368 .00000 .00000 .00000 .00000 .00000 .00000 .00000 .00000
00000 .00000 .00000 .00000 .00000                             MC
17825 .16478 .15233 .14081 .13017 .12033 .11124 .10283 .09506 .08788
08123 .07509 .06942 .06417 .05932 .05484 .05069 .04686 .04332 .04005
03702 .03422 .03163 .02924 .02703                              LDDV
20140 .17572 .15432 .13639 .12133 .10863 .09788 .08877 .08103 .07444
06883 .06405 .05999 .05655 .05365 .05123 .04924 .04763 .04637 .04543
03342 .03080 .02839 .02616 .02411                              LDDT
22517 .20009 .17779 .15798 .14038 .12474 .11084 .09849 .08752 .07777
06910 .06140 .05456 .04848 .04308 .03828 .03402 .03023 .02686 .02387
02121 .01884 .01675 .01488 .01322                              2BHDDV
24239 .23273 .22346 .21455 .20600 .19779 .18990 .18233 .17507 .16809
16139 .15496 .14878 .14285 .13716 .13169 .12644 .12140 .11656 .11192
10746 .10317 .09906 .09511 .09132
LHDVM
26081 .25204 .24357 .23538 .22746 .21982 .21243 .20528 .19838 .19171
18527 .17904 .17302 .16720 .16158 .15614 .15089 .14582 .14092 .13618
13160 .12718 .12290 .11877 .11478
MHDVM
62176 .58663 .55348 .52220 .49269 .46485 .43858 .41380 .39042 .36836
34754 .32790 .30937 .29189 .27540 .25983 .24515 .23130 .21823 .20590
19426 .18328 .17293 .16315 .15393                              HHDVM
25354 .23317 .21443 .19720 .18135 .16678 .15338 .14106 .12972 .11929
10971 .10090 .09279 .08533 .07847 .07216 .06637 .06103 .05613 .05161
04760 .04397 .04074 .03787 .03541                              BUSES
049 .079 .083 .082 .084 .081 .077 .056 .050 .051
050 .054 .047 .037 .024 .019 .014 .015 .011 .008
006 .005 .004 .003 .010                               LDGV
063 .084 .084 .084 .084 .069 .059 .044 .036 .031
                              PARTS February 24, 1995
                                        35

-------
Figure   8  (continued)

030 .053  .047 .046 .036 .028 .017 .022 .017 .014
009 .008  .008 .005 .025                               LDGT1
054 .072  .072 .072 .072 .052 .050 .034 .054 .031
028 .080  .084 .049 .039 .030 .018 .023 .018 .015
009 .008  .009 .006 .026                        '       LDGT2
023 .047  .047 .047 .047 .038 .033 .021 .026 .029
034 .064  .054 .058 .051 .038 .043 .041 .035 .029
021 .022  .022 .014 .117                               HDGV
144 .168  .135 .109 .088 .070 .056 .045 .036 .029
023 .097  .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
000 .000  .000 .000 .000                               MC
049 .079  .083 .082 .084 .081 .077 .056 .050 .051
050 .054  .047 .037 .024 .019 .014 .015 .011 .008
006 .005  .004 .003 .010                               LDDV
063 .084  .084 .084 .084 .069 .059 .044 .036 .031
030 .053  .047 .046 .036 .028 .017 .022 .017 .014
009 .008  .008 .005 .025                               LDDT
043 .084  .084 .084 .084 .091 .076 .050 .051 .064
066 .083  .069 .071 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
000 .000  .000 .000 .000                               2BHDDV
ooo .000  .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .ooe-:-:—"--
000 .000  .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .273 .182
125 .102  .080 .057 .182                               LHDW
034 .067  .067 .067 .067 .073 .061 .040 .041 .051
053 .066  .055 .057 .045 .019 .023 .028 .024 .016
Oil .009  .007 .005 .016         ,                     MHDW
034 .067  .067 .067 .067 .073 .061 .040 .041 .051
053 .066  .055 .057 .045 .019 .023 .028 .024 .016
Oil .009  .007 .005 .016                               HHDW
030 .060  .059 .058 .057 .055 .054 .053 .052 .050
050 .049  .047 .046 .045 .044 .044 .043 .042 .010
008 .007  .006 .005 .025                               BUSES
211111111111
1 1994 1 19.6    : region, year,  speed cycle,  speed
04.3 05.1   2    : unpaved silt%, ind. silt g/mA2,  WHEELTLG
140              : number of precip.  days
scenel                          :scene name
10.   — Particle size cutoff
6000
04
                               PARTS  February 24, 1995

                                         36

-------
Figure   8 a
 WARNING: According to historical  records
          there are no Class 2B Heavy Duty Diesel vehicle*
          for model years before 1981 or Light Heavy Duty
          Diesel vehicles after 1976.  PARIS will always
          assume 0.0 registration  for these vehicle*
          'during those periods.

 PARTS Revised 02-24-95
 Sample Input File Using Many User Optional Input*
 User supplied von miles  traveled mixture    , mileage accrual distribution*  ,  veh  registration distribution*.
 scenel
 Particle Size Cutoff 10.00 Microns
 Cal. Year: 1994
   Veh. Type:  LDOV   LDCT1    LDCT2
                                     HDGV
                                               Altitude:  SOO. Ft.
                                               I/M Program Ho
                                              MC     LDOV    LOOT
                                                             Driving:   Transient RFG:»o
                                                             Region:    Low              All
                                               2BHDDV  LHCOV   MHHOV   HHDDV  BOSKS    Veh.
 Veh. Speed*:  19.6
                      19.<    19.6     19.«    19.C    19.6    19.«    19.6    19.«    19.6    19.6    19.6
    VHI Mix: 0.6340  0.1760  0.0830  0.0310  0.0070  0.0040  0.0020  0.0100  0.0010   0.0140  0.0340  0.0040
Composite Emission Factor* (g/mi)
                                            0.020   0.288   0.346   0.324*
                                            0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013
                                            0.004   0.008   0.008   0.008
  Exhaust PM:  0.014
  Brake:      0.013
  Tire:       0.008
0.018
0.013
0.008
0.040
0.013
0.008
  Total PM:   O.OS8   0.070    0.092
0.1S4
0.013
0.012
0.237
                                             0.046   0.341   0.40S   0.409
0.921
0.013
0.012
1.042
1.1S6
0.013
0.012
1.306
1.380
0.013
0.036
1.S83
1.260
0.013
0.008
1.430
                                                                                                             19.6
0.094
0.013
0.009
0.149
 Fugitive Dust:  Unpaved Reads  Fleet Average  139.04 g/mi (a* calculated in AP42 Vol  1  9/88)*
                  Paved Road*  Fleet Average   13.41 g/mi (a* calculated in draft AF42  Vol 1 3/93)*
                Unpaved Roads  Fleet Average  138.83 g/mi (a* calculated in AP42 Vol  1  9/88, minus tailpipe and
                                                         tire-wear emissions)**
                  Paved Roads  Fleet Avenge   13.21 g/mi (as calculated in draft AP42  Vol 1 3/93, minus tailpipe
                                                         and tire-wear emission*)**
 *  Includes fleet average tailpipe, tire wear and brake
 ** Includes fleet average brake wear emission*.
                                                             emission*.
  Paved Road Silt:   S.10 (g/m*2)
  Unpaved Silt:   4.3%
  Precipitation  Days:  14AXI.01  in.
                                                              Fleet average vehicle weight<   6000
                                                              Fleet average number of wheelst  4
                                    (per year)
                                              PARTS  February  24,  1995
                                                            37

-------
Figure    8a   (continued)

PARTS Ravlsad 02-24-95
 Sampla Input Flla Using Many Usar Optional Inputs
 scenal
 Emission factors  (Gm/Mlla)
                             Light Duty G»» Vahlclas
                                 January  1, 1994
 Modal            I  Exhaust PM: I  Braka:     I  Tin:
 Year   TF  Mllas I  Emiss Rata  I  Emiss Rata I  Emiss Rata
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
198$
1985
1984
1983
1982
1981
1980
1979
1978
1977
197«
1975
1974
1973
1972
1971
1970
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.02
.11
.11
.11
.10
.09
.08
.OS
.05
.05
.04
.04
.03
.03
.02
.01
.01
.01
.01
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
1799.
10768.
24576.
37637.
49991.
61679.
72735.
83193.
93085.
102442.
111294.
119667.
127586.
135078.
142165.
148869.
155210.
161208.
166882.
172249.
177326.
182129.
186672.
190970.
195034.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.012
.012
.012
.012
.012
.012
.012
.012
.014
.016
.016
.015
.016
.017
.026
.019
.019
.018
.019
.019
.043
.043
.043
.043
.043
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0-
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
013
013
013
013
013
013
013
013
013
013
013
013
013
013
013
013
013
013
013
013
013
013
013
013
013
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.008
.008
.008
.008
.008
.008
.008
.008
.008
.008
.008
.008
.008
.008
.008
.008
.008
.008
.008
.008
.008
.008
.008
.008
.008
 ComposIta:
                    0.014
                                 0.013
                                            0.008
                                        PARTS February 24, 1995
                                                    38

-------
Figur«   8a    (continued)

...Continued
 PARTS Ravisod 02-24-95
 Sample Input File Using Many User Optional Inputs
 scanal
 Emission Factors (Gm/Mile)
                             tight Duty Gas Vehicle*
                                January 1, 1994
Modal            |  Total  PM:
Year   TF   Mi las  I  Ends*  Rat*
1994 0.02
1993 0.11
1992 0.11
1991 0.11
1990 0.10
1989 0.09
1988 0.08
1987 0.06
1986 0.05
1985 0.05
1984 0.04
1983 0.04
1982 0.03
1981 0.03
1980 0.02
1979 0.01
1978 0.01
1977 0.01
1976 0.01
1975 0.00
1974 0.00
1973 0.00
1972 0.00
1971 0.00
1970 0.00
1799.
10768.
24576.
37637.
49991.
61679.
72735.
83193.
93085.
102442.
111294.
119667.
127586.
135078.
142165.
14886*.
155210.
161208.
166882.
172249.
177326.
182129.
186672.
190970.
195034.
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.057
0.059
0.060
0.060
0.061
0.062
0.073
0.070
0.071
0.073
0.076
0.080
0.108
0.108
0.107
0.108
0.105
 Composite:
                    0.05*
                                       PARTS  February 24, 1995
                                                    39

-------
Figtar*  9

Sample with TRAPFLG-2, showing percentages of bus traps
1     :VMFLAG  (alternate VMT mixes)
1     :MYMRFG  (alternate mileage accumulation rates & registration)
1     :IMFLAG  (Inspection and maintenance)
1     :RFGFLG  (2 to apply reformulated gasoline effects, 1 not to)
3     :OUTFMT  (indicates type of output format)
1     iIOLFLG  (2 to print, 1 not to print idle emission factors)
1     :SO2FLG  (2 to print, 1 not to print Gaseous SO2 emission factors)
3     :PRTFLG  (determines which pollutants to print out)
2     rBUSFLG  (determines which alternative bus cycles to print out)
1 1998 1 19.6    : region, year, speed cycle, speed
04.3 05.1   2    : unpaved silt%, ind. silt g/mA2, MHEELFLG
140 2 100.0 100.0: number of precip. days, TRAPFLG, 92 TRAP %, 93 TRAP %
100% trap ef's, 0% no trap e£'s
10.   — Particle size cutoff
6000
04
1 1998 1 19.6    : region, year, speed cycle, speed
04.3 05.1   2    : unpaved silt%, ind. silt g/mA2, WHEBLFLO
140 1            : number of precip. days, TRAPFLG
100% no traps for buses                        ~""   "
10.   — Particle size cutoff
6000
04
1 1998 1 19.6    : region, year, speed cycle, speed
04.3 05.1   2    : unpaved silt%, ind. silt g/mA2, WHEBLFLG
140 2 000.0 000.0: number of precip. days, TRAPFLG, 92 TRAP %, 93 TRAP %
0% trap ef's, 100% no trap ef's
10.   — Particle size cutoff
6000
04
1 1998 1 19.6    : region/ year, speed cycle, speed
04.3 05.1   2    : unpaved silt%, ind. silt g/mA2, WHEBLFLG
140 2 050.0 050.0: number of precip. days, TRAPFLG, 92 TRAP %, 93 TRAP %
50% trap ef's, 50% no trap ef's
10.   — Particle size cutoff
6000
04
                               PARTS February 24, 1995

                                         40

-------
Figur*   9a
 PARTS Revised 02-24-95
 Sample with TRAPFM-2, showing percentages of bus traps
 100% trap «f's,  0% no trap ef's
 Particle Size Cutoff 10.00 Microns
 Cal. Year: 1998
   Van. Type:  LDGV   LOGT1   LDGT2    HDGV
 Altitude:  300.  Ft.                Driving:  Transient RFG:No
 I/M Program:  Ho                    Region:   Low               All
1C     LDOV    LDDT   2BHOOV  LHDOV   MHDDV   HHDDV   BUSES    Van.
 Veh. Speeds:  19.6    19.6    19.6     19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6
     VMT Mix: 0.6203  0.1864  0.0849  0.0309  0.0066  0.0019  0.0011  0.0123  0.0013   0.0157  0.0354  0.0032
 Composite Emission Factors (g/mi)
  Exhaust PM: 0.013   0.017   0.026   0.121   0.020   0.238   0.274   0.206   0.694   0.796   0.928   0.737
  Brake:      0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013
  Tire:       0.008   0.008   0.008   0.012   0.004   0.008   0.008   0.008   0.012   0.012   0.036   0.008
  Total PM:   O.OSS   0.067   0.077   0.200   0.046   0.290   0.333   0.289   1.017   0.942   1.125   0.902
Transit   CBO
Buses** Buses*
                                                              19.«
                                                             0.069
                                                             0.013
                                                             0.009
                                                             0.124
                                                                      18.5
0.871
0.013
0.008
1.117
                                                                             10.«
2.08S
0.013
0.008
2.380
 Fugitive Oust:  Unpaved Road*  Fleet Average  139.04 g/mi (a* calculated In AP42 Vel 1  9/88) •
                  Paved Road*  Fleet Average   13.41 g/mi (as calculated la draft AP42  Vol 1 3/93)*
                Unpaved Roads  Fleet Average  138.83 g/mi (a* calculated la AP42 Vol 1  9/88, minus tailpipe aad
                                                         tire-wear emlssrofls) **~~
                  Paved Roads  Fleet Avenge   13.21 g/mi (as calculated In draft AP42  Vol 1 3/93, minus tailpipe
                                                         and tin-wear emissions) ••
    Include* fleet average tailpipe, tire-wear and brake-wear emissions.
    Includes fleet average brake-wear emissions.
  Paved Road Silt:   5.10 (g/mA2)
  Unpaved Silt:  4.3%
  Precipitation Days:  140 >0.01  in.  (per year)
                Fleet average vehicle weight:   6000
                Fleet average number of wheels:  4
 ** Hot Included in All Veh.
                                              PARTS  February  24,  1995
                                                             41

-------
Figure    9a    (continued)

 100% no traps for buses
 Particle Size Cutoff 10.00 Microns
Cal. Year: 1998
Veh. Type: LDGV
Van. Speeds:
VMT Mix:
19.6
0.6203
LDGT1
19.6
0.1864
LDGT2
19.6
0.0849
KDCV
19.6
0.0309
I/M
MC
19.6
0.0066
Program: No
LDDV LOOT
19.6
0.0019
19.6
0.0011
2BHDDV
19.6
0.0123
Region:
LHDDV MHDDV
19.6
0.0013
19.6
0.0157
Low
HHDDV
19.6
0.0354
BUSES
19.6
0.0032
All
Vah.

19.6
Transit CBD
Buses** Buses*
19.5
10. «
Composite Emission Factors (g/mi)
Exhaust PM:
Brake:
Tire:
Total PHI
0.013
0.013
0.008
0.056
0.017
0.013
0.008
0.067
0.026
0.013
0.008
0.077
0.121
0.013
0.012
0.200
0.020
0.013
0.004
0.046
0.238
0.013
0.008
0.290
0.274
0.013
0.008
0.333
0.206
0.013
0.008
0.289
0.894
0.013
0.012
1.017
0.796
0.013
0.012
0.942
0.928
0.013
0.036
1.125
0.788
0.013
0.008
0.953
0
0
0
0
.070
.013
.009
.124
0.934
0.013
0.008
1.180
2.237
0.013
0.008
2.530
 Fugitive Oust: Unpaved Roads Fleet Average  139.04 g/mi (as calculated In AP42 Vol 1 9/88)*
                 Paved Roads Fleet Average   13.41 g/mi (as calculated in draft AP42 Vol 1 3/93)*
               Unpaved Roads Fleet Average  138.83 g/mi (as calculated in AP42 Vol 1 9/88, minus tailpipe and
                                                       tire-wear emissions)**
                 Paved Roads Fleet Avenge   13.21 g/mi (as calculated in draft AP42 Vol 1 3/93, minus tailpipe
                                                       and tire-wear emissions)**

 *  Includes fleet average tailpipe, tire-wear and brake-wear emissions.
 ** Includes fleet average brake-wear emission*.
  Paved Road Silt:  5.10 (g/m»2)
  anpaved Silt:  4.3%
  Precipitation Days:  140  Xl.Ol in. (per year)
Fleet average vehicle weight!   6000
Fleet average number of  wheels:  4
 ** Not  Included in All Veh.
                                            PARTS February  24,  199S
                                                          42

-------
Figure   9a   (continued)
o% crap ef's,  100% no trmp ef's
Particle Size  Cutoff 10.00 Micron*
Cal. Year:  1998
  Van. Type:   LOGV   LDCT1   LDGT2
                                      HDGV
                                                Altitude:  500. Ft.
                                                I/M Program: Ho
                                               tC     LDDV    LOOT
             Driving:  Transient RFC:Mo
             Region:   Low              All   Transit   CBD
2BHDDV  LHODV  MHODV   HHDOV   BUSES   Van.   Buses** Busas*
 Vah. Speeds:   19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    18.5    10.6
     VMT Mix:  0.6203  0.1864  0.0849  0.0309  0.0066  0.0019  0.0011  0.0123   0.0013  0.0157  0.0354  0.0032
 Composite Emission Factors (g/mi)
  Exhaust PM:  0.013   0.017   0.026   0.121   0.020   0.238   0.274   0.206   0.894   0.796   0.928   0.788   0.070   0.934   2.237
  Brake:      0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013
  Tire:        0.008   0.008   0.008   0.012   0.004   0.008   0.008   0.008   0.012   0.012   0.036   0.008   0.009   0.008   0.008
  Total  PM:   0.056   0.067   0.077   0.200   0.046   0.290   0.333   0.289   1.017   0.942   1.125   0.953   0.124   1.180   2.530
 Fugitive Dust: Unpaved Roads Fleet Avenge  139.04 g/ml  (a* calculated In AP42 Vol 1 9/88)*
                 Paved Road* Fleet Average   13.41 g/ml  (a* calculated In draft AP42 Vol 1 3/93)*
               Unpaved Road* Fleet Avenge  138.83 g/ml  (a* calculated In AP42 Vol 1 9/88, minus tailpipe and
                                                        tire-wear emissions)**
                 Paved Road* Fleet Avenge   13.21 g/mi  (a* calculated In draft AP42 Vol 1 3/93, minus tailpipe
                                                        and tire-wear emissions)**

 *  Include*  fleet average tailpipe, tire-wear and brake wear emissions.
 ** Include*  fleet average brake wear emissions.
  Paved Road Silt:  5.10  (g/m*2)
  Unpaved Silt:   4.3%
  Precipitation Days:  140 X>.01 in. (per year)
                                                             Fleet avenge vehicle weight:   6000
                                                             Fleet avenge number of wheel* t  4
 ** Hot Included  in All Veh.
                                             PARTS  February  24,  1995
                                                            43

-------
Figure   9m    (continued)
 50% trap af'i,  50%  no trap ef's
 Particle size Cutoff 10.00 Microns
 Cal. Yaar: 1998
   Veh. Type:   LDGV   LDGT1   LDGT2    HDGV
 Altitude:   500. Ft.
 I/M Program:  Ho
(C     LDDV   LDDT
             Driving:  Transient RFC:Ho
             Region:   Low              All
2BHDDV  LHDDV   MHDDV   HHDDV   BUSES   Van.
Transit  CBO
Buses** Buses*
 Veh. Speeds:   19.6     19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6     19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19.6    19. •>
     VMT MiJC:  0.6203  0.1864  0.0849  0.0309  0.0066  0.0019  0.0011  0.0123   0.0013  0.0157  0.0354  0.0032
 Composite Emission Factors  (g/mi)
  Exhaust PM:  0.013   0.017   0.026   0.121   0.020   0.238   0.274   0.206   0.894   0.796   0.928   0.763   0.070
  Brake:      0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013   0.013
  Tire:       0.008   0.008   0.008   0.012   0.004   0.008   0.008   0.008   0.012   0.012   0.036   0.008   0.009
  Total PM:   0.056   0.067   0.077   0.200   0.046   0.290   0.333   0.289   1.017   0.942   1.125   0.927   0.1:4
                                                                     18.5
                                                                    0.903
                                                                    0.013
                                                                    0.008
                                                                    1.149
                                                                            10.6
                                                      z.m
                                                      0.013
                                                      0.008
                                                      2.455
 Fugitive Dust: Unpaved Roads Fleet Avenge  139.04 g/mi  (as calculated in AP42 Vol 1 9/88)*
                  Paved Roads Fleet Avenge   13.41 g/mt  (as calculated in draft AP42 Vol 1 3/93)*
               Unpaved Roads Fleet Avenge  138.83 g/mi  (as calculated in AP42 Vol 1 9/88, minus tailpipe  and
                                                        tire-wear emissions)**
                  Paved Roads Fleet Avenge   13.21 g/mi  (as calculated in draft AP42 Vol 1 3/93, minus tailpipe
                                                        and tire-wear emissions)**

 *  Includes fleet average tailpipe, tire-wear and brake-wear emissions.
 ** Includes fleet average brake-wear emissions.
  Paved Road Silt:  5.10  (g/mA2)
  Unpaved Silt:   4.3%
  Precipitation Days:  140 >0.01 in. (per year)
               Fleet avenge vehicle weights   6000
               Fleet average number of  wheels:  4
 ** Hot Included  in All Veh.
                                             PARTS  February  24,  199S
                                                            44

-------
                Appendix

PARTICULATE EMISSION FACTORS FOR MOBILE
SOURCES AS CALCULATED IN THE MODEL PARTS
                   45

-------
                                  1 INTRODUCTION
This appendix describes the methodologies used to calculate particulate emission factors from
motor vehicles in the computer model PARTS. PARTS is designed to estimate particulate emission
factors for a representative vehicle in an average fleet. The model calculates these fleet
characteristics, such as the travel fractions, from data that are representative of national averages.
The user has the option, in many cases, to input data mat represents more closely the characteristics
of the region being modeled instead of using the model defaults.

The emission factors calculated by PARTS include the particulate pollutant compounds of lead,
sulfate, soluble organic fraction particulate, remaining carbon portion particulate, and total
exhausted particulate. The lead and sulfate are formed from the lead and sulfur contained in the
fuel. The soluble organic fraction consists primarily of hydrocarbons coming from unbumed or
partially burned fuel and lubricating oil. The remaining carbon portion consists of soot-like carbon
(elemental carbon) and trace amounts of other components from the fuel and lubricating ofl. The
total exhaust particulate is the sum of these four categories. Irtaddition to these categories of
exhaust emissions, idle exhaust emissions1, brake wear, tire wear, fugitive dust, indirect sulfate,
and gaseous sulfur dioxide are also calculated.

The model calculates the emission factors for 12 vehicle classes and a fleet-wide average (estimated
by vehicle miles traveled (VMT) weighting of the emission factors for all 12 classes). The vehicle
classes include light-duty gasoline vehicles, two classes of light-duty gasoline trucks, heavy-duty
gasoline trucks, motorcycles, light-duty diesel vehicles, light-duty diesel trucks, four classes of
heavy-duty diesel trucks, and buses. To account for older vehicles on the road, die emission
factors reported for each vehicle class are composites of emission factors for vehicles 25+ years
old through the calendar year of evaluation (the calendar year of evaluation is provided by the
user.) The composite emission factor for each vehicle class is calculated by weighting the emission
factor calculated for each model year by the travel fraction for that model year, and then summing
the 25 weighted factors. The travel fraction of a model year is the fraction of miles traveled by a
vehicle of that model year out of the total number of miles traveled by all model years' vehicles in
that vehicle class:
                           25
             EFCOMPV= Z EFmv*TFmv                                       (I)
                          m-l


where
                                                                    x
    EFCOMPV  =   the composite emission factor for vehicle class v,
        EFm v  =   the emission factor for vehicle class v, model-year m,
        TFm v  =   the travel fraction for vehicle class v, model-year m.

In turn, the overall travel fraction of a vehicle class represents the fraction of the total number of
vehicle miles traveled (VMT) of mat class out of the total highway VMT (from all 12 classes). The
* * Idle emissions are calculated only for heavy-duty diesel vehicles.


                                           46

-------
VMT fractions for each vehicle class are multiplied by the corresponding composite emission
factors (EFCOMPj, then the sum of these adjusted emission factors is reported as the emission
factor for all vehicles:
                           12
                 EFALL  = I, EFCOMPV * TFCLASSV                               (2)
                          v=l


where

       EFALL   SB   the weighted emission factor for all vehicles,
   TFCLASS..   =   the vehicle miles traveled of vehicle class v.
             V
The emission factor for all vehicles, EFALL, represents the average g/mi emissions from the entire
fleet, so this emission factor, when multiplied by the total number of vehicle miles traveled in a
particular region, provides an estimate of the total grams of paniculate emissions contributed by the
entire on-road motor vehicle fleet

The rest of this appendix describes in detail the methodologies used to calculate the emission
factors for each pollutant category for gasoline-fueled and diesel-fueled vehicles, as well as the
factors for dust, brake wear, and tire wear emissions.  The adjustment factors for different vehicle
speeds and particle size cutoffs are also described.
                                           47

-------
                       2   GASOLINE-FUELED VEHICLES
LEAD EMISSION FACTORS

Lead paniculate emission factors are based on the assumption that virtually all the lead in fuel is
exhausted. As a result, the emission factors (in units of grams per mile) depend principally on the
lead content in the fuel and the fuel economy of the vehicle (in miles per gallon). The lead content
of leaded fuel is substantially greater than mat of unleaded fuel, so the fraction of vehicles that have
had their catalysts removed (and thus are assumed to be using leaded fuel in most cases) can also
be an important factor in determining the lead emission factor from a vehicle that is representative
of the entire fleet

The lead emission factors for a vehicle of model year m and vehicle class v (with the exception of
motorcycles; see discussion in the next section) are computed in PART5 using the following
formula (see the following section, "Lead Paniculate Derivation," page 50, for the derivation of all
variables and further explanations):                 	
     LEAD
           m,v
where
     LEAD
           m,v
  PLNOCT.
           m,v
  PUNOCT.
           m,v
  PLYSCT,
           m,v
  VLNOCT,

  VUNOCT.
           m,v
  VLYSCT.
           m,v
  VUYSCT.
           m.v
 PLNOCTmv*  VLNOCTmv                                (3)
+  PUNOCTmv* VUNOCtmv
+  PLYSCTm'v *  VLYSCTmv'
+  PUYSCTnv  * VUYSCTmv
the lead paniculate emissions for a vehicle of model year m and vehicle class
v(gAni)
the emissions for a non-catalyst, leaded fuel vehicle of model year m and
vehicle class v (gAni)
the emissions for a non-catalyst, unleaded fuel vehicle of model year m and
vehicle class v (gAni)
the emissions for a catalyst, leaded fuel vehicle of model year m and vehicle
class v (gAni)
the emissions for a catalyst, unleaded fuel vehicle of model year m and
vehicle class v (gAni)
the fraction of non-catalyst, leaded fuel vehicles of model year m and
vehicle class v                                ••
the fraction of non-catalyst, unleaded fuel vehicles of model year m and
vehicle class v
the fraction of catalyst, leaded fuel vehicles of model year m and vehicle
class v
the fraction of catalyst, unleaded fuel vehicles of model year m and vehicle
class v
This emission rate is adjusted for speed by the factor FEC so that:
                                         48

-------
   CLEAD

where

   CLEAD
           m.v
                =   FEC * LEAD
        SCF,.   =
        SCF,   =
                               m,v
                                                                     (4)
              the lead emissions for a vehicle of model year m and vehicle class v, which
              has been adjusted for the speed effect (g/mi)
         FEC   =   1 / SCF.
                                                                     (5)
              the speed correction factor, based on either transient driving cycle (c=l) or
              steady cruise driving cycle (c=2):
              0.17930 + (0.038561 * SPEED;) - (0.00041067 * SPEED?)  (6)

  SCF2   =   0.26929 + (0.054607 * SPEEDV) • (0.00069818 * SPEED*)  (7)

SPEED   =   the average speed for vehicle class v, user input (mph)
Motorcycles                              	

Due to the absence of catalyst emission controls on motorcycles, organic emission factors are not
calculated and sulfate emission factors are negligible. The exhaust paniculate printed in the output
is almost exclusively lead. The lead paniculate emission factor for 2-stroke engines is 0.33 g/mi
and for 4-stroke engines is 0.046 g/mi. For pre-1978 model years mere were 51% 4-stroke
engines and 49% 2-stroke engines (see references page 67, EPA 1985a):

LEADmjnotorcyclt = [ (0.49 * 0.33) + (0.51 * 0.046) ] * PSL                      (8)

For 1978 and later motorcycles are assumed to consist of 100% 4-stroke engines:

                = 0.046  *PSL                                              (9)
where
         PSL   =   thefractionof all particles that are emitted based on user input of the particle
                    size cutoff
                                         49

-------
Load   Particulat*  Derivation
The original fonnulae for lead particulate are found and described in reference EPA 1985a,
equation numbers 2-3,2-4, and 2-5. All of these equations appropriately combine the amount of
participates per vehicle of a given category (i.e., model year group, catalyst or non-catalyst, leaded
or unleaded fuel) with the fraction of vehicles in that category. The basic form of the portion of the
equation which determines the amount of lead particulate per vehicle is:

     LEADmv   =  ( ABURN * PWRI FEmv )*PB*PS                      (10)

where

     ABURN   =  the fraction of lead burned that is exhausted (ABURN(l) = 0.75 for non-
                   catalyst and catalyst vehicles using leaded fuel, ABURN(2) = 0.40 for
                   catalyst vehicles using unleaded fuel in calender years 1975-1980,
                   ABURN(3) - 0.44 for catalyst vehicles using unleaded fuel in calender
                   years 1981 and later)
        PWR   -  particle weight ratio (1.557 = PbClBr/Pb)
        FEm v   =  fuel economy for vehicles of class v and model year m (mi/gal)
          PB   =  fuel lead content (g/gal)[ PBL and PBNL in fonnulae below, National Fuel
                   Survey, AAMA1993]         ,===..«==
          PS   =  the fraction of all particles that are emitted (PSL.PSNL and PSNLCT in
                   fonnulae below), based on user input of the particle size cutoff.

All of the other terms in the equations relate to the fraction of vehicles which exhibit each specific
particulate emission rate.

For the case of non-catalyst vehicles using leaded fuel, the amount of lead particulates comes from
the first term of equations 2-3 and 2-4 of reference EPA 1985a. The speed correction to the fuel
economy is handled later in the program by the factor FEC, and therefore is not discussed here.
We will also drop the discretionary fuel switching term from the equation. This term will be used
later to determine the fraction of non-catalyst vehicles using leaded and unleaded fuel. The final
form is:

  PLNOCTmv   =  (ABURN(l)*1.557IFEmv)*PBL*PSL                 (11)

For the case of non-catalyst vehicles using unleaded fuel, the amount of lead particulates comes
from the second term of equation 2-3 and 2-4 of reference EPA 1985a. Again the discretionary
fuel switching and the speed correction to fuel economy terms are dropped from the equation here
(they are handled later in the program). The final form is:

  PUNOCTmv  '»  ( ABURN
-------
Note that catalyst equipped vehicles burning unleaded fuel have a different fraction of lead burned
exhausted (ABURN) than the other categories and that it depends on the model year of the vehicle.

For the case of catalyst-equipped vehicles using leaded fuel, the amount of lead particulates comes
from the remaining terms of equation 2-5 of reference EPA 1985b. The speed correction to the
fuel economy is handled later in the program by the factor FEC, and therefore can be ignored here.
The terms for rnisfueling and for catalyst removal can also be ignored here, since these will be used
later to determine the fraction of vehicles which are catalyst equipped and what fraction of catalyst-
equipped vehicles use leaded and unleaded fuel. The final form is:

  PLYSCTmv   =   (ABURN(l)*1.557IFEmv)*PBL*PSL                 (14)


There are four different combinations of catalyst and misfueling which will each have a separate
estimate of paniculate emissions. They are:

   Catalyst-equipped vehicles using unleaded fuel
   Catalyst-equipped vehicles using leaded fuel
   Non-catalyst vehicles using unleaded fuel
   Non-catalyst vehicles using leaded fuel

First the number of catalyst equipped vehicles must be determined CATFCTm v is the fraction of
all vehicles which are originally catalyst equipped and TAMFKC'mv is the fraction of originally
catalyst equipped vehicles which have had their catalyst removed for model year m and vehicle
class v. Therefore, the remaining catalyst equipped vehicles are:

     CATSm v   =   CATFCTmv* (l.-TAMFRCmv)                            (15)

The fraction of non-catalyst vehicles using leaded gasoline, then, would be:

  VLNOCTmv   =   (l.-CATSmy)*(l.-DFSmv)                                (16)

Where DFSm v is discretionary fuel switching (use of unleaded fuel by non-catalyst vehicles) for
model year m and vehicle class v. The fraction of non-catalyst vehicles using unleaded gasoline is
then:
             V   =   v)*DFSmiV                                   (17)

The fraction of all vehicles equipped with catalysts, but using leaded fuel, would be:
  VLYSCTmtr  »   CATFCTm>v * ( RMISm>v - TAMFRC^ )                    (18)

This assumes mat all vehicles with removed catalysts are a subset ofRMIS^v , the misfueling rate
for model year m and vehicle dass v. The catalyst removed vehicles are treated as non-catalyst
vehicles in the equations above. The remaining vehicles will all be catalyst-equipped vehicles
using unleaded fuel.  That fraction is:

  VUYSCTn „   =   ( 1. - VLNOCTmv- VUNOCTmv- VLYSCTmv)             (19)
                                          51

-------
Finally, all of the terms can be combined to give the composite lead paniculate emission rate for
this vehicle/model year (compare to equation 3):

     LEADmiV  =   PLNOCTmjt *  VLNOCTm,v                             (20)
                    + PUNOCTmiV * VUNOCTm>v
                    + PLYSCTmv  *  VLYSCTmy
                    + PUYSCTmv * VUYSCTmv

This rate is adjusted for speed by the factor FEC so that:

    CLEADmv  =   FEC + LEADmiV                                       (21)
SULFATE EMISSION  FACTORS

The paniculate sulf ate emission factors consist of direct and indirect sulfate material. The direct
sulfate is exhausted as sulfuric acid, and the indirect sulfate is formed later in the atmosphere from
exhausted SO2. The indirect sulfate in the model is calculated based on the assumption that it
consists entirely of ammonium sulfate and ammonium bisulfate. The direct sulfate, indirect
sulfate, and gaseous sulfur are all computed in the model, and the emission factors are reported as
g/mi (EPA 1990).                               -r.--.-rrr--

The direct sulfate from non-catalyst vehicles using leaded fuel (includes catalyst-equipped vehicles
which are misfueled, making the catalyst ineffective) is calculated as:

   DSULFN  = .002, for speeds at or < 19.6 mph                             (22)

   DSULFN  = .001, for speeds at or > 34.8 mph                             (23)

The direct sulfate from catalyst vehicles is calculated as:

 DSULFCmv  = [FRACCalMaiJ.005) + FRACcatlail(.016)],                    (24)
                for speeds at or < 19.6 mph

 DSULFC    =  (FRACl.005) + FRACwlnoaif.001) + FRAC03l/air(.020)   (25)
         mv
                + FRAC3wlaiJ.025) ], for speeds at or > 34.8 mph
For speeds between 19.6 and 34.8 mph, DSULFN and DSULFC are interpolated between
equations 22 and2$ and 24 and 25, respectively (EPA 1985a).

where
                                                               /
FRACca(/lfOBir  =s the fraction of vehicles which are catalyst equipped with no air pump, for
                vehicles of class v and model year m
  FRACcal/ajr  = the fraction of vehicles which are catalyst equipped with air pump, for vehicles of
                class v and model year m
FR ACoxlnoaif  = the fraction of vehicles which are oxidation catalyst equipped with no air pump,
                for vehicles of class v and model year m
FRACJw/nMn>  = the fraction of vehicles which are 3-way catalyst equipped with no air pump, for
                vehicles of class v and model year m
                                        52

-------
  FRACox/air  =  the firaction of vehicles which are oxidation catalyst equipped with air pump, for
                 vehicles of class v and model year m
  FRACJw/air  =  the fraction of vehicles which are 3-way catalyst equipped with air pump, for
                 vehicles of class v and model year m

The direct sulfate from all gasoline-fueled vehicles is computed as:

  DSULFmv  = CTLFRCmv* DSULFCmv + (I. -CTLFRCmv) * DSULFN          (26)

where

 CTLFRCmv  =  CATFCTmy (1 • RMISmv), the fraction of the vehicle class that has an
               .  effective catalyst


The model assumes that all the sulfur in the fuel is exhausted as either sulfate or gaseous sulfur
dioxide, so once the direct sulfate emission factor is calculated, the remaining sulfur in the fuel is
considered to be exhausted as SO2. To calculate the amount of sulfur exhausted as SO2 in g/mi,
the amount of sulfur remaining in the fuel after the direct sulfate emission factor has been found
must be calculated.

The following equation is used to derive the fraction of sulfur in the fuel that has been directly
converted to sulfate (DSULFmv calculated in equation 26 above). This equation calculates direct
sulfate as a function of the fuel sulfur content, DCNVRT (which is the fraction of sulfur in the fuel
that is converted to direct sulfate), and the fuel economy.

  DSULFm „ = 13.6078 * (1. + WATER) * FDNSTY * SWGHT * DCNVRT / FEm „    (27)
         ffmfY                                                            frtflr

where

  DSULFmv  =  the direct sulfate emission factor of a vehicle in class v and of model-year m
                 (g/mi)
    WATER  =  weight ratio of seven water molecules to sulfate, 7.18/98 = 1.2857 (this
                 weight ratio comes from the estimate that, at 50% humidity, seven water
                 molecules bond with each sulfuric acid molecule; EPA 1990, p.6-25)
   FDNSTY  =  fuel density in Ib/gal (6.09 Ib/gal, EPA 1988).
      FEmv  =  fuel economy for vehicles of class v and model year m (mi/gal)
    SWGHT  =  weight percent of sulfur content in fuel (.034, except reformulated fuel phase
                 n, 2000 and later calendar years .0138, AAMA1993)
   DCNVRT  »  percent of sulfur in the fuel that is directly converted into sulfate (2%, EPA
                 1990)
     13.6078  »  unit conversion factor = (453.592 * 3.)/100., where 453.592 = number of
                 grams in a pound, 3. = weight ratio of SO4 to sulfur, and the division by 100 is
                 to correct for the weight percent of sulfur, SWGHT (EPA 1990)
                                         53

-------
Substituting DSULFCm „ and DSULFN (from equations 22 through 25) in equation 27, we can
solve for the fractions of sulfur in the fuel that are converted to sulfate separately for catalyst, and
noncatalyst vehicles:

  FCNVRCmv=DSULFCmv* FEmv / (13.6078 * (l.+WATER) * FDNSTY * SWGHT)  (28)


  FCNVRNmv= DSULFN * FEm J (13.6078 * (l.+WATER) * FDNSTY * SWGHT)   (29)


where

      FCNVRCmv- the fraction of the percent of fuel that is directly converted into sulfate for
                    catalyst vehicles of class v and model year m
      FCNVRNmv= the fraction of die percent of fuel that is directly converted into sulfate for
                    non-catalyst vehicles of class v and model year m

The gaseous sulfur emission factors, which are dependent on these fractions, are calculated from
the equation
            V=  9.072 * FDNSTY * SWGHT* (l.-DCNVRT) I FEmv            (30)
           fV                                          *    nlfV            x

where the new terms are

     S02mv  -  the gaseous sulfur emission factor of a vehicle in class v of model-year m
                (g/mi)
      9.072  =  unit conversion factor = (453.592 * 2.)/100., where 453.592 = number of
                grams in a pound, 2. = weight ratio of SO2 to sulfur, and the division by 100 is
                to correct for the weight percent of sulfur, SWGHT.

The gaseous sulfur emission factor is calculated in the model as the combination of the sulfur
emission factor from both catalyst and noncatalyst vehicles as follows:

      S02Cmv=   9.072  * FDNSTY * SWGHT * (1.0 - FCNVRCmj/FEmv       (31)

      SO2Nm=   9.072  * FDNSTY* SWGHT *(l.O-FCNVRNmv)/FEmv      (32)
            fftfY                                             frtftr     fwtfW

and

      S02mr »   (CTLFRCmv* SO2CMV) +[(!.- CTLFRCmv>* SO2Nmv]     (33)

where
                                                               /
    SO2Cmv  =  the SO2 emission factor from catalyst vehicles in class v of model-year m (g/mi)
    SO2Nm v  =  the SO2 emission factor from non-catalyst vehicles in class v of model-year m
                (g/hii)

In addition to the direct sulfate emission factors, the model estimates an indirect sulfate emission
factor by assuming that a fraction of the gaseous sulfur dioxide emissions is later converted in the
atmosphere to sulfate material Based on ambient sulfur and sulfate measurements in 1 1 cities,
EPA estimates that 12 percent of all gaseous sulfur is converted to sulfate (EPA 1990, pp. 6-28 to
                                       54

-------
6-30). Thus, the PARTS model calculates the indirect sulfate emission factors as 12 percent of the
gaseous SO2 motor vehicle emissions.

The model uses the following general formula to derive the emission factors for indirect sulfate,
which consists of ammonium sulfate and ammonium bisulfate (EPA 1990, page 6-30):

      ISULF  = ICNVRT * SO2 * (3 / 2) * AMNWGT                           (34)

where

     ISULF  -  the estimated indirect sulfate emission factor (g/mi)
        502  =  the gaseous sulfur emission factor (g/mi)
        3/2  =  weight ratio of SO4 to SO2
  AMNWGT  -  the estimated weight ratio of the combination of ammonium bisulfate and
                ammonium sulfate in the atmosphere to SO4 (1.6, EPA 1990, p. 6-25)
    ICNVRT  =  the fraction of SO2 converted to sulfate (.12 is the national average, EPA 1990,
                page 6-29, Table 6-13)

The actual computation is performed in the model for each vehicle type (catalyst and non-catalyst):

 ISULFCmv  =  ICNVRT  * S02Cm v * (3 / 2) * AMNWGT                      (35)

 ISULFNm „  =  ICNVRT  * SO2Nm  * (3 / 2) * AMNWGT                      (36)
         fntv                     wnfY                                          *

   ISULFmv  -  v*ISULFCmJ + [(LO-CTLFRCmv)*ISULFNmvl  (37)

where

 75 ULFCm v  =  the estimated indirect sulfate from catalyst vehicles in class v of model-year m
                (g/mi)
 IS ULFNm v  =  the estimated indirect sulfate from non-catalyst vehicles in class v of model-year
                m (g/tni)
   ISULFmv  =  the estimated indirect sulfate emission factor of a vehicle in class v of model-
                year m (g/mi)


TOTAL EXHAUST PARTICULATE

The total exhaust paniculate emission factors for light-duty gasoline vehicles are calculated from
the sum of lead* direct sulfate, and a carbon emission factor which includes soluble organks and
other remaining, carbon. The carbon emission factor has been determined based on reference EPA
1985a and the updated information in EPA 1993a. Table 1 summarizes the carbon emission
factors by model year and technology type.
                                        55

-------
                                   TABLE 1
 Carbon  Km±««ion  Factor*  for  6a«olin«   V«hicl«« (g/mi)
Vehicle Type/
Model Year Group

Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles:
  pre-1970
  1970-1974
  1975-1980
  1981+

Light Duty Gasoline Trucks I:
  pre-1970
  1970-1974
  1975-1986
  1987+

Light Duty Gasoline Trucks IL
  pre-1979
  1979-1986
  1987+

Heavy Duty Gasoline Vehicles:
  pre-1987
  1987+
                           Leaded
.193
.068
.030
.017
.193
.068
.030
.017
.370
.068
.030
.370
.163
                    Unleaded
           Catalyst   Catalyst    Non-catalyst
           (No-Air)    (Air)
.0060
.0060
.0043
.0060
.0060
.0043
.0060
.0043
.054
.054
.0250
.0250
.0043
.0250
.0250
.0043
.0250
.0043
.054
.054
.030
.030
.030
.017
.030
.030
.030
.017
.054
.030
.017
.054
.054
Motorcycles: see page 49 for description of motorcycle emission factors in PART5.
                                      56

-------
                          DIESEL-FUELED VEHICLES
LEAD EMISSION FACTORS

No lead emission factors for diesel-fueled vehicles are calculated in the model. The lead emissions
result almost exclusively from the lead content of the fuel; and since the lead content of diesel fuel
is negligible, it is assumed that the lead emissions from diesel-fueled vehicles are also negligible.


SULFATE EMISSION  FACTORS

The sulfate emission factors are calculated assuming all sulfur in the fuel is exhausted as either
sulfuric acid or gaseous sulfur dioxide (EPA 1990).

The direct sulfate emission factor (g/mi) is calculated as follows:

 DSULFmv = 13.6078 * (1.0 + WATER) * FDNSTY * SWGHTD * DCNVRTI FEm>v  (38)

where
    DSULFmv  -  the direct sulf ate emission factor for a vehicle of class v and model year m
                    (g/mi)
     DCNVRT  -  the fraction of sulfur in the fuel that is converted directly to sulfate (2.0
                    percent, EPA 1990, page 3-4)
     FDNSTY  =  the density of diesel fuel (7.1 lib/gal, EPA 1988b)
        FEmv  -  the fuel economy for a vehicle of class v and model year m (mi/gal, EPA
                    1990, Table 6-A-l; note mat the same fuel economies are used for both
                    2BHDDV and LHDDV for all model years)
    SWGHTD  =  the weight percent of sulfur in diesel fuel (0.25 for high sulfur fuel, .05 for
                    low sulfur fuel used for calendar yean 1993 and later)
      WATER  =  weight ratio of seven water molecules to sulfate, 7.18/98 = 1.2857 (EPA
                    1990, p. 6-25)
      13.6078  =  units conversion factor = (453.592 *3.)/100., where 453.592 = number of
                    grams in a pound, 3 = weight ratio of SO4 to sulfur, and the division by
                    100 is to correct for the weight percent of sulfur, SWGHTD

The gaseous sulfur emission factor is calculated as follows:

       SO2m.* 3  9.Vn * FDNSTY * SWGHTD * (1. - DCNVRT) / FEm>v        (39)

where the new terns are                                          --

       SO2mv  =  the sulfur emission factor (g/mi) of a vehicle in class v and of model-year m
        9.072  =  units conversion factor = (453.592 * 2)/100., where 453.592 = number of
                    grams in a pound, 2 = weight ratio of SO2 to sulfur, and the division by
                    100 is to correct for the weight percent of sulfur, SWGHTD.
                                        57

-------
The indirect sulfate emission factor, which consists mostly of ammonium sulfate and ammonium
bisulfatc (EPA 1990, Chapter 6), is calculated as follows:

     ISULFmy   =  ICNVRT * S02m v * (3 / 2) * AMNWGT                     (40)

where

     ISULFmv   =  the indirect sulfate emission factor of a vehicle in class v and of model-year
                    m (g/mi)
     ICNVRT   =  the fraction of SO2 that is converted to sulfate (either ammonium sulfate or
                    ammonium bisulfate) in die atmosphere (12 percent)
         3/2   =  weight ratio of SO2 to SO4,
   AMNWGT   =  the estimated weight ratio of the combination of ammonium bisulfate and
                    ammonium sulfate in the atmosphere to SO4 (1.6)
TOTAL EXHAUST PARTICULATE

The initial total exhaust paniculate emission factors for diesel-fueled vehicle classes (EFDPMm J
are from reference EPA 1990. The emission factors for heavy-duty vehicles are expressed in
g/BHP-hr, which are converted to g/mi in PARTS. The conversion factors (EPA 1988b and EPA
1992) and emission factors both vary by model year. The emission factors for light-duty diesel
vehicles and trucks are in units of g/rni. The total exhaust emission factors given in Table 2 are
based on high sulfur fueL The sulfur content in diesel fuel is being forced down in 1993 by EPA
regulatory requirements.  When the user requests a calendar year of evaluation of 1993 or later, the
program will make the appropriate adjustments to the exhaust emission factors for low sulfur fuel
effects.

The only other adjustment that is made to the total exhaust emission factor is the multiplication by
the particle size cutoff fraction (see page 65). Paniculate emission factors for diesel-powered
vehicles are not adjusted for vehicle speed.


SOLUBLE  ORGANIC FRACTION AND
REMAINING CARBON  PORTION

The soluble organic fraction (SOF) is calculated as a fraction of die remaining mass:

     SOFm>¥ =[EFm>v-DSULFmj * (fractionsop>v)                            (41)

The remaining carbon portion (RCP) is defined to be everything else:

                                                              '           (42)
The soluble organic fractions (fractionsopv) for different vehicle classes are as follows: 0.51 for
LHDDVs, 0.44 for MHDDVs, and 0.24 for HHDDVs. The fraction 0.51 is also used for the
2BHDDV vehicle class. The fraction 0.44 is also used for the vehicle class BUSES. The fractions
for LDDVs, LDDTls, and LDDT2s are 0.18, .5, and .48 respectively (EPA 1990, Table 3-9).

where
                                        58

-------
     SOFmv = the soluble organic fraction of the exhaust paniculate emission factor for a vehicle
                 in class v and of model-year m (g/mi)
     RCPm v = the remaining carbon portion (elemental carbon) of the exhaust paniculate
                 emission factor for a vehicle in class v and of model-year m (g/mi)
     EF     = EFDPM^ „ * CFM „, exhaust paniculate emission factor for a vehicle in class v
        IH»V           fntw    fntw         *
                 and of model-year m (g/mi)
EFDPMm v  = exhaust particulate emission factor for a vehicle in class v and of model-year m
                 (g/BHp-hr)
     CFm v  = conversion factor from g/BHp-hr to g/mi of a vehicle in class v and of model-year
                 m (BHp-hr/mi)
fractionsof v  = the fraction of the non-sulfate portion (equivalent to the carbon portion) of the
                 diesel exhaust particulate emission factor which is organic carbon, for vehicle in
                 class v (BHp-hr/mi)
                                           59

-------
    Exhaust  Particulat*  Emission   Factors  for  Di«s«l
                                Vehicles

Vehicle Type/                            Exhaust Particulate
Model Year Group               Emission Factor (EFDPMm  )
                                                       m,v •
Light Duty Diesel Vehicles (gAni):
 pre-1981                                     .700
 1981                                        .259
 1982-1984                                   .256
 1985-1986                                   .255
 1987                                        .134
 1988-1990                                   .132
 1991-1993                                   .131
 1994-1995                                   .128
 1996+                                       .100

Light Duty Diesel Tracks (g/mi):
 pre-1981                                     .700
 1981                                        J0£-
 1982-1984                                   .354
 1985-1986                                   .358
 1987                                        .334
 1988-1990                                   .291
 1991-1993                                   .294
 1994-1996                                   .130
 1997+              *                        .109

Class 2B of Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicles (g/BHp-hr):
 pre-1988                                     .5156
 1988-1990                                   .5140
 1991-1993                                   .2873
 1994+                                       .1011

Light Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicles (g/BHp-hr):
 pre-1988                                     .5156
 1988-1990                                   .5140
 1991-1993                                   .2873
 1994+                                       .1011
                                    60

-------
                                      feont'dl
    Exhaust  P articulate   Emission  Factors   for  Di«s«l
                               Vehicles

Vehicle Type/                         Exhaust Particulate
Model Year Group               Emission Factor (EFDPMmv)

Medium Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicles (g/BHp-hr):
  pre-1987                                 .6946
  1988-1990                                .4790
  1991-1993                                .2747
  1994+                                   .0948

Heavy Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicles (g/BHp-hr):
  pre-1987                                 .6444
  1988-1990                                .4360
  1991-1993                                .2709
  1994+                                   .0836

Buses (g/BHp-hr):
  pre-1987
  1988-1990                                .4790
  1991                                    .2772
  1992 without traps                          .1716
  1992 with traps                            .0257
  1993 without trap*                          . 1457
  1993 with traps                            .0240
  1994+                                   .0591
                                    61

-------
                         4   OTHER EMISSION FACTORS
FUGITIVE DUST

Reentrained road dust emission factors are calculated for both unpaved and paved roads. The fugitive
dust emission calculations for unpaved roads are from an empirical formula from the AP-42 Section
11.2.1 (EPA 1988a), and the generic paved road dust calculation formula is from AP-42 Sections
11.2.5 and 11.2.6 (EPA 1993b).

The paniculate emission factor for unpaved roads is calculated as

UNPVD  =  PSDUNP * 5.9 *(UNSILT/12.0) *(SPD/30.0)* (WEIGHT/3.0)M   (43)
            * (VWHEEL 14.)0-5 * (365 - 1PDAYS) / 365 * 453.592

where

     UNPVD  = the fleet average unpaved road dust emission factor (g/mi)
    PSDUNP  - the fraction of particles less than or equal to the particle size cutoff
     UNSILT  = the percent silt content of the surface material (input by the user)
         SPD  SB the average vehicle speed (rnph, input by the user)
    WEIGHT  = the fleet average vehicle weight (tons, input by the user in Ibs)
    VWHEEL  = the fleet average number of wheels (input by the user)
     IP DAYS  = the average number of precipitation days per year with greater than 0.01 inches of
                 rain (input by the user)
     453.592  = the number of grams in a pound

The paniculate emissiona factor tor generic paved roads is calculated as

PAVED  «    PSDPVD*(PVSILT 12)OM * (WEIGHT /3)1J                    (44)

where

      PAVER  ss the fleet average paved road dust emission factor (g/mi)
    PSDPV& a* the base emission factor for the particle size cutoff (input by the user)
     PVSILF.t* the road surface silt loading (g/m2, input by the user)
    WEIGHT ^ the fleet average vehicle weight (tons, input by the user in Ibs)
                                       62

-------
BRAKE WEAR

The brake wear emission factor is assumed to be the same for all vehicle classes in the model. It is set
equal to

BRAKE     =  0.0128 * PSBRK,                                                (45)

where

      PSBRK  =  the fraction of particles less than or equal to the particle size cutoff.

The emission factor 0.0128 g/mi was measured by Cha, Carter, and Bradow (EPA 1985a).


TIRE WEAR

The tire wear emission factor is calculated as

EFTIREV    =   0.002 * PSTIRE * IVEHWLV                                     (46)

where

     EFTIREV  =  tire wear emission factor for a vehideJn class v(gAni)
        0.002  =  emission rate of airborne particulates from tire wear for light duty-vehicles (EPA
                  1985b)
     PSTIRE  -  the fraction of particles less than or equal to the particle size cutoff
   [VEHWLv  =  the average number of wheels on a vehicle of class v: LDQV = 4, LDGT1,2 = 4,
                  HDOV a 6, MC a 2, LDDV = 4, LDDT « 4,2BHDDV = 4, LHDDV = 6,
                  MHDDV = 6, HHDDV = 18, BUSES = 4


IDLE  EMISSIONS

The idle emission factor data in grams per hour was collected from manufacturers. The factors are
reported only for the heavy-duty diesel vehicle classes, and as such, are not factored into the overall
vehicle ("All veh.") emissions category. The vehicle class emission factors are calculated by averaging
together model-year-specific emissions data, where the model-year-specifk emissions data are
weighted by the estimated travel fraction of that model year within the vehicle class.

Currently the kfle emission rates are model-year-specific but the model year emission rates do not vary
by vehicle clastv  Hence, the same model year emission factors are used for all the heavy duty diesel
classes, and the differences between the idle emission factors between classes is a reflection only of the
differing travel fractions from model year to model year within that class (where the travel fractions are
the TFm v's in equation (1)). As a result, the emission factors reported for the smaller of the heavy
duty diesel vehicle classes, such as 2BHDDV and LHDDV, may be over-predicted


The base idle emission factors in PART5 for all heavy-duty diesel vehicles are shown in Table 3.
                                         63

-------
           TABLE  3

Model Years   Emission Factor (a/hr)

pre-1988              5.370
1988-1990            3.174
1991-1993            1.860
1994                 1.004
                         64

-------
               5   ADJUSTMENTS AND CORRECTION FACTORS
All the emission factors-exhaust PM, direct and indirect sulfate, lead, SOF, RCP, brake-wear, tire-
wear, and fugitive dust-are adjusted for the particle size cutoff (PSC).


PARTICLE SIZE CUTOFF

The user of the PART5 model must enter a particle size cutoff.  This cutoff is defined to be the
maximum aerodynamic diameter (between 1.0 and 10.0 um) of the particles in the emission
factors. Each emission factor is then multiplied by the fraction of particles less than or equal to the
PSC.

The fraction of particles less man or equal to the PSC is determined from the fractions in Table 4
(EPA 1985a). When a user inputs a PSC, the program linearly interpolates the appropriate fraction
of mass less than or equal to that cutoff based on the datearTable 4 (but not less than the lowest
cutoff listed). PART5 has a lower limit of 1.0 for the PSC.

As can be seen in Table 4, the lowest PSC is 2.5 urn for fugitive dust  The program will print a
note for the user to be aware that the fugitive dust emission factors are based on 2.5 um when the
user inputs values between 1.0 and 2.4 um as a PSC.
                                        65

-------
                                      TABLE 4

        Fraction of Particles Less than or Equal to the Particle Size Cutoff

Vehicle Type/             Particle  Size      Fraction of Particles  less than  or
Participate Component     Cutoff (PSC)	equal to the Particle  Size Cutoff

Gasoline vehicles using             10.0                    0.64
leaded fuel/Lead, Carbon           2.0                     0.43
                                  0.2                     0.23

Gasoline vehicles with catalyst,      10.0                    0.97
using unleaded fuel/ Lead, Carbon    2.0                     0.89
                                  0.2                     0.87

Gasoline vehicles without a          10.0                    0.90
catalyst, using unleaded fuel/        2.0                     0.66
Lead, Carbon                      0.2                     0.42

Diesel vehicles/ Exhaust PM         10.0                    1.00
                                  2.5                     0.92
                                  2.0                     0.90
                                  1.0           -          0.86

All vehicles/ Brake-wear             10.0                    0.98
                                  7.0                     0.90
                                  4.7                     0.82
                                  1.1                     0.16
                                  0.43                    0.09

All vehicles/Tire-wear              10.0                    1.00
                                  0.10                    0.01

All vehicles/Unpaved               10.0                    0.36
Road Dust                         5.0                     0.20
                                  2.5                     .095

All vehicles/ Paved Road Dust       10.0                    7.3*
                                  2.5                     3.3*
*Note: Paved Road Dust values are actual emission factors in
                                          66

-------
                                         References
AAMA 1993 National Fuel Survey, 1980-1993


EPA. 1985a. Size Specific Total Paniculate Emission Factors for Mobile Sources. U.S.
                     Environmental Protection Agency (EPA-460/3-85-005).

EPA. 1985b. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Volume 2: Stationary Point and Area
                     Sources. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (AP-42,4th edition)

EPA. 1988a. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Volume 1: Stationary Point and Area
                     Sources. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (AP-42,4th edition)
                     Section 11.2.1

EPA. 1988b. Heavy-Duty Vehicle Emission Conversion Factors II1962-2000. U.S.
                     Environmentatal Protections Agency (EPA-AA-SDSB-89-01)

EPA. 1990. Regulatory Impact Analysis.  Control of Sulfur and Aromatics Contents of On-Highway
                     Diesel Fuel.  Office of Mobile Sources, U.S. Environmental Protection
                     Agency.

EPA. 1992. Development of Conversion Factors for Heavy-Duty Bus Engines GIBHP-HR to
                     GfMile. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA-AA-EVRB-92-01).

EPA. 1993a. Motor Vehicle-Related Air Toxics Study. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                     (EPA-420-R-93-005).

EPA. 1993b. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Volume 1: Stationary Point and Area
                     Sources. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (AP-42,4th edition)
                     Sections 11.2.5 and 11.2.6

NAV. 1991.  Letter from Ed Sienecki of Navistar International to Dr. Jaroslav Vostal of General
                     Motors Corp. and Dr. Joe Somers of Environmental Protection Agency dated
                     June 25,1991.
                                           67

-------