Abstract

        The vehicle correlation tests identified a 20% error in 50 mph
dynamometer load with the 4500 Ib. inertia load at the Fiat laboratory.
However, even after this dynamometer was recalibrated, the CO™, NOx and
HC levels measured by Fiat on the hot-start 1975 FTP were still higher
than the other test sites by about 8%, 18% and 28% respectively.   The
reason for these differences has not been determined.

        Some rather small, but statistically significant, differences in
(XL and NOx occurred between Mercedes and Ford and between Mercedes and
EPA.  It is believed that differences in dynamometer type (belt-driven
inertia wheels at Mercedes and direct-drive inertia wheels at Ford and
EPA) may be the cause of these descrepancies.

-------
 1.	Introduction

      la  April,  1975,  Merceds-Benz  of  North America,  Inc.  requested an
 exhauKc  ^nission correlation study for the purpose of comparing test
 resulco  at  chelr Ceaterline,  Michigan laboratory to  r.he EPA facility.
 This Mercedes  laboratory received  EPA approval on February 19,  1975.
 Oth:U- T.^".  fac '.licii'.a which were also ivieluded -in the study were Fiat
 in  Denroura and  the Ford Emission  Laboratory  in Dearborn.

      This report is' a discussion of the .correlation  program.  Testing
 w;i£ co;.\d:v.:r.od  fivoui  April 20 to  i'.ay 3,  197".   Partic'L^-ints  in the study
 and their designation code  which is used  in chis- report are:

      E = SPA
      F = Ford    • •• '   .
      I- - Fiat  .
      M = Mp.rcedes-Benz

 2_.	Techn.i.-T.Hl Discussion .

      2.1  Program Objective
                             f
      The purpose of this study  is  to  compare  the results of vehicle exhaust
 emission and fuel economy tests at the facilities of  EPA,  Mercedes - Benz
 (Centerline), Fiat  (Dearborn) and -Ford.   In-addition  to comparing test
 results, this study also compares  test equipment,  procedures  and conditions
 at  each facility.  If there arc. any real  differences  in emissions and/or
 fuel  economy measurement, it  is hopeful that  the analysis  of  equipment,
 procedures,  and  conditions  will reveal the  cause of  these  differences.

      2.2  Facilities  and Equipment

          2.2.1  Test Sites

          The Mercedes and  Fiat laboratories  are one-cell  test  facilities.
At  the EPA  test  cell  5 was  used which  is  the  same cell  used in  the 1975
EPA-MVMA correlation  study  ^  and the EPA-BMW  correlation study^.   At the
Ford Emission Laboratory test cell 4 was  used, which  is not the sarae -
cell used in the EPA-MVMA study.   The  equipment  and instrumentation used
within each  test cell is listed in Table  2.2.1-1.  One  difference in
instrumentation which might be expected to have  an effect  on  emission
levels is dynamometer type.  Test sites E, I and  F used  direct-drive
inertia wheel dynamometers  and site M  used a  belt-driven inertia wheel
dynamometer.

          2.2.2  Test Vehicles

          One test vehicle was used in the study.  It was  a 1974 Mercedes -
Benz 450 SE with fuel injection and an automatic transmission.   Exhaust

-------
                                          Table 2.2.1-1   Test  Site  Instrumentation
       Instrumentation
                                                                                 Test Size
                                          EPA
                                                                     Fiat
                                                                                                   Ford
                                                                                                                            Mercedes
Analyzers  .
           HC
           CO
           NOx
           CO.,
Analyzer Bench
CO Conditioning Agents
CVS'
Dynamometer
Driver's Aid
Computer
Beckman 400;   0-50,  100
ppm;  H2/N2 fuel     < •


Bendix 8501;   0-500,'1000
ppm

TECO 10A;   0-100,  250   .
ppm;  0. Ozone Source

Beckcian 315A;   0-3.3,  5.0%

Homebuilt according  to
Federal Resiter.

None
Ford Philco,  CFV
Clayton CT-50, Direct-
Drive Inertia, Auto
Loading not used

Varian, 5" - 60 mph,
4"/min.  Preprinted Trace

IBM 370, Off-line1
Horiba FIA 2A;   0-100 ppm;
H/N  fuel
Horiba AIA-21 AS;  0-100,
500, 1000 ppm

TECO 10;  0-250 ppm;   02
Ozone Source

Horiba AIA-21;  0-3,  7%

Horiba


Ice Bath
Horiba 45G, 6 Bag; AP -
42" H20

Clayton EC 50, Direct-
Drive Inertia, Auto
Loading

HFE:  Varian A4, 4" per
min. FTP: PCS TV monitor

PCS Automotive Emissions
System
Beckmcn 400;   0-20 50
ppa;  H./H . fuel

Bendix;  0-100,250 ppm


Philco;  0-25,  100 ppm;
0_ Ozone Source

Beckman 315B;   0-4%

Philco
Ascarite, Silica Gel in
common tube

Ford Philco,  CFV, 6 Bag
Clayton CT-50, Direct-
Drive Inertia, Auto-
Loading not used

HP 7100, 5" - 60 oph,
4" per minute

Xerox Sigma? Ill
                           Horiba lA; 0-10, 30, 100 ppa;
                           H2/N2 fuel   •


                           Horiba'AIA-21;  0-150, 400 ppm
                                                         Scott CL 125;  0-50,  100,  500
                                                         ppm                    '

                                                         Horiba AIA- 21;  0-2, 5%

                                                         Home-built according to
                                                         Federal Register

                                                         None
                                                         Korbia 45-G, 6 Bag.
                                                         Clayton CTE 200,  0-20.hp.,
                                                         Belt-driven Inertia, Ma.nual
                                                         Loading

                                                         HP 7100, 5" - 60 mph, '
                                                         4" per minute '

                                                         Hand-Calculated
                                                           -   I
                                                             N:
                                                              I

-------
                                          Table  2.2.1-1  Test  Sice Instrumentation
       Ins truaiencation
                                                                                  Test Siza
                                          EPA
                                                                      Fiat
                                                                                                    Ford
                                                                                                                             Mercedes
Analyzers
           HC
           CO
           KOx
           CO.,
Analyzer Bench
CO Conditioning Agents
3ynaraoir.eter
Driver's Aid
Computer
Becteaan 400;  0-50, 100 .
ppm;  H'/M_ fuel     •  •


Bendix 8501;  0-500,'1000
ppm

TECO 10A;  0-100, 250  .
ppn;  0  Ozone Source

Becknan 315A;  0-3.3, 5.0%

Homebuilt according to
Federal Resiter

None
                             Ford Philco, CFV
Clayton CT-50, Direct-
Drive Inertia, Auto
Loading not used

Varian, 5" - 60 nph,
4"/min.  Preprinted Trace

IBM 370, Off-line'
                             Horiba FLA 2A;   0-100 ppm;
                             H2/N2 fuel

                             Horiba AIA-21 AS;   0-100,
                             500,  1000 ppm
                             TECO 10;   0-250 ppni;   02
                             Ozone Source

                             Uoriba AIA-21;   0-3,  7%

                             Horiba


                             Ice Bath
Horiba 45G, 6 Bag; AP »
42" H20

Clayton EC 50, Direct-
Drive Inertia, Auto
Loading

HFE:  Varian A4, 4" per
min. FTP: PCS TV monitor
PCS Automotive Emissions
Systcn
                              Bectecn 400;   0-20  50
                              pp=;  lu/H . fuel

                              Bendix;  0-100,250  ppm
                              Philco;  0-25,  100 ppc;
                              0. Ozone Source

                              Beckraan 315B;   0-4%

                              Philco
                                                           Ascarite,  Silica  Gel  in
                                                           con.~on tube

                                                           Ford Philco,  CFV,  6 Bag
                                                           Claytcn CT-50,  Direct-
                                                           Drive 'Inertia,  Auto-
                                                           Loading not  used

                                                           HP 7100, 5"  "  60  aph,
                                                           4" per minute

                                                           Xerox Signup III
Horiba lA;  0-10,  30, 100 pp=;
112/N2 fuel

Horiba'AIA-21;   0-150,  400 pp=


Scoct CL 125;   0-50, 100, 500


Horiba AIA- 21;  0-2,  5Z

Hc^icbuiit according to
Federal Register
                                                                                      Korbia 45-G, 6 Bag
Clayton CTE 200,  0-20. h? . ,
3el t-drive'n Inertia,  >1a.nual
Loading

HP 7100, 5" = 60 nph,
4" per minute '

Har.d-Calculated

-------
                                  -3-
 emission control equipment consisted of air injection, a catalytic
 reactor and exhaust recycle.                                      .  .

      2.3 ' Program Design  .

      The program was designed so there would be two days of testing at
 each facility.  Each test site would run the same type and number of
 tests.   Six types of tests were run at each facility.  These included
 two 1975 cold-start FTPs, four 1975 hot-start FTPs,three highway fuel
 economys (HWFE),  three 30 mph steady-states (SS-30),  three 45 mph
 steady-states  (SS-45)  and three 60 mph steady-states  (SS-60).  This
 test design is shown in Table 2.3-1.   The run numbers designate the
 sequence of testing for each test type..  As shown in  the table, tests
 23  and  26 were not  actually done because of lack of  time.
              Table 2.3-1.   Sequence  of Tests (Run Numbers)
Test Type
1975
Cold-start
1975
. Hot-start
HWFE
SS-30
SS-45
SS-60
Test Site
E
1...2
11,. 12, .13,. 14.
34, 35, 36
54, 55, 56
74, 75, 76
94, 95, 96
M
•*
3,' 4
15, 16, 17, 18.
- 37, 38, 39
57, 58, 59
77, 78, 79 '
97, 98, 99
F
5, .6
. 19, 20, 21, 22.
40, 41, 42
60, 61, 622
80, 81, 82
100, 101, 102
I
7, 8
. ..23, 24, 251,,261
31, 32, 33
. 51, 52,. 53
71, 72, 73
91, 92, 93
 1.  Test not run because of lack of time.
 2.  Data from this  test not used because of extremely low COj value..
     2.4  Test Procedure

          2.A.I  Vehicle Preparation

          Each day the 1975 cold-start FTP was  the  first  test  conducted,
Prior to this test the vehicle was prepared according  to  the procedure
in the Federal Register (without evaporative  testing).  Following  the
cold-start test two hot-start FTPs  were conducted.  On the first  day
of testing at each facility, the HWFE tests were done  after the  hot-
start FTPs.  On the second day of testing, the  steady-state tests  were
conducted following the hot-start FTPs.

-------
                                   -4-
           2.4.2  Emission Tests

           Exhaust emissions were sampled and analyzed by the CVS method
 for all test runs.  For the steady-state tests the vehicle speed and emis-
 sions where stablized for at least 30 seconds before sampling was started.

           2.4.3  Fuel Economy Tests

           For each FTP, HWFE and steady-state test, the fuel economy was
 calculated by the carbon balance technique as described in the Federal
 Register.

 3.  Data Analysis

      A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used on test data in order
 to determine if the sites agreed in their measurements of HC,'
-------
                          -5-
Table 4.1-1.  Mean (X) and Standard Deviation (o) of
1975 Cold-start, 1975 Hot-start, and HWFE Cycle Data
Test Type
1975
cold-start




1975
hot-start




HWFE .




Dependent
Variable
_ HC
X, g/mi
O • A
_ CO
X, g/mi
o, Z
X, g/mi
a, Z
_ NOx
X, g/mi
°, Z
_• FC-C
X, mi/gal
?• *
_ HC
X, g/mi
CO
X, g/mi
_ CO,
X, g/mi
", Z
_ NOx
X, g/mi
o, Z
FC-C
X, mi/ga.1
o» * '
_HC
X, g/mi
-a, Z
CO
X, g/mi
o, Z '
_CO
x, g7oi
». z
NOx
X, g/mi
FC-C
X, mi/gal
o, Z

E
.155
6.8
.538
8.3
775
1.5
1.39
.5.1
11.5
1.9
.-108
1.8
.052
46.2
720
1.1
1.37
1.9
12,3
1.0
.043
13.3 .
.040
25.0
519
1.7
2.06
2.3
17.1
1.8
Test Site
M
.168 .
2.9
.844
0^3
785
1.4
1.50'
0.0
11.3..
1.3
.099
4.8
.076
29.8
753
0.7
. 1.43
5.2
11.8
• 0.8
. .040
9.5
.065
20.8
520
0.8
1.83
5.8
17.1
0.9
F • .1
.179
1.6
.502 '
6.6
774 .
; 0.7
1.41.
4.0
. 11.5
0.6
.108
4.6
. .068
16.9
707
2.1
1.27
1.4
12.6
2.1 -
.040
4.3
.061
7.6
488
1.8
1.76
5.1
18.2
1.8
.155
5.0
.681
6.7 •
850
0.1
1.71
2.1
10.4
0.0
. 136'
12.0
.078
2.7
786
2.3
1.61
1.8
11.3
2.5
.047
14.3
.071
1.6
611
1.8
2.91
2.5
14.5
1.7
Gr^nd
.164
7. A
.iibl
19.5
796
4.3
9.Z
11.2
4.3
.109
12.1
.067
•3t.O
735
4.1
1.39
8.5
12.1
4.1
.043
11.6
.059
24.0
534
9.1
2.14
2.3
16.7
8.4

-------
the mean (X)  and  scaridard  >'U:v i.j i; Ion ( T)  ..'or  each  dependent variable ac  each
test :.;ii:.e.   The '.I?MI i.^s ;..:.ia •.!. -..:•/ ^.i:j ot  liC .-uid CO.ior  thi^  vehicle  were  very low.
On  the  ho t-sr.'irc  ::^:^r::.,  c !'!••:  •. KIT,* of '"JO  '.-xhau:-; t  Ram;; Ly concentration was
about: 1 ;.o  5  pom.   7hi-  re^ii." tvd iu very «mall CO analyzer deflections.
(M>nsr><|i:-'nr'!.y ,  ''he  ,-;'.-j'v.;;-i"fj ,'..?v ;.,j . t ion or  ^ariied -  ui> GO emission levels
wa;s .:c"is .;u-:'u!).!...' • .;:. .'a'.'./:;  eh.iLi. .:•..•.'. .>chc.';:  vinu.rrLou  :u'-M.siiueme.uty .   Tliis .i.s
;.'.ir ^ i •:.:•.! l.i c'l ;.•  '.'.cur.'.  M.   ;>:!.:•:  .:'. ,   .-'a.LvT.h  '.is^.d  .1 DOl) puia '/iili-.v.cale analy/.er ,,
      A1:  ':hi-:-  nii-i a*: ,: -  r;'n.v.i ; ..i  '-!.-• iT.rjn ti'""'i-'! t:hnt an  Incorrecc
    i:i:iu)-v--r 'snicti^u -f.-irf i.is--d  -.v  '.ar-  -r/.vic rh^ HWFl:'. and steady-t?tat:e  tests.
    u r. .u:.. i ,;ot:  1 J.^.-j  n ••>':. i-;.ir- ;<.-.-.  ''K^i i.c lo.-i --JiLfii vaqu.iro  on  Inertia weight
    V u;.'|- -il-s.-  :uid  ,:•-.;•' r'ti.li-.jr -  r;> \.s si-i:;;iu^  .: ;A noc tiyoically  used  ac their
    i. .'- "I t y •   Tuo •.!/rid.'ii.ni:(:;c ^c  '••.-! •=  -duLoina!, i.c.-jj.j.y  Loaded .i: or "all the correlation
    t.;.    -V-H.;U . ;;es r. :.'.!-; ••?.•!-; i'.oni").! -• •'••.:<[  frhe. c v'i!.;iji)ometer horsepower 'Was checked
    '"laa i.-.;>i '.loasi; -inwh  r.^.:s=;.-,   ...id i.-ic-.  50 . IIWP'E axid steady-
    '..'-. ".':^rs 'vV'tr.  .u;': .•^iii:;i.    ,.) ". Vv.  ii'-'i-'r1'.   uid  s toad y-s cate data  at site 1
    ::.i  •':> c-aiiieu  w.i til flaw '..iuiotv ".• .; d v'uJii'On^.'Ln-r  nor st'uowec '.jetting.

      ,-'•..-,  :_-..irii=r  :.;':: a c -ci ,  ';'.ie  :. i.r.v. c.  sceo Mf: the -lal'-i acialysiy wac> an analysis
    var:l,uice  f.o d^c.viCimie •;' r  -.:.ie '/est .; i.r-.-i measured '.i.if ferent  levels of
   i :;.•*.! OILS  :ino/or. 'u^-.i  .icoiinin/.   Tlit:  r:-;.-;i.iitH iif '.:h.Ls analysis are shovai in
   h'v.i ''.-'-/..   As  snO'-m, the   :..ab-; ..iif f -v.reii ' .^igniE i.ca:ii:ly in  'almost ail
              Table <'».2-2.   Courfidence Levels (aho\/e  90%)
                               ac  •./inch the  ':';r-: Sites Measured
                               D ic'recent L-vei-.;  oc l-'.niissions  .lud
                               .!r'..ir'.l economy  (Analysis of  Variance
                               rue rood)
last Typ-
-HC :
1'-'
'75 CuUI-«r.acc { . 93
'75 Hoc-sr.ncn
liWFK
SS-30

SS-A5
SS-60
• l'i»

99
•
99
99
•:o
99

98 .
'.'8
•
98

• co.
v9
39
99
99

99
99
MOx
99
. 99
99
98

98
99
FC-C
99
99
99
99

99
99

-------
                                  -7-
      The next  step in the analysis  was to determine which particular
 sires' differed  significantly. from each other.  To do  this,  Sc.heffe
 confidence intervals at tii- 90.V 95%  and 99% levr-rl of confidence
 were calculated.   Thri result;.-?  of this analysis for the  1975 cold-
 scart and hot-start £Ti".-;, ire ntesented in Table 4,2-3.   This table
 slmwt? r-hat, for^ the cold-*tart,  sice  I measured significantly higher  '
 CO^ mid, NOx (and  lower j/C-CV Lh.-ui the  ottier thr.'.e sites.   And on the
 hot-sunct test,  site I ^^su-ed  hi.'Uier: 1IC levels as well  as  C0? and NOx,
 This suggests  uhat perhaps,, even .ifcer re.calibration, • the dynamometer
 l-Orj.-l was 'still  greater i.han l-.hat: used  by the other test facilities.
 Anocher inte.r-jsV.ii! ;< cm i.ftsii.'in -me-i'surfrnenc difference was that site M
 •ut-.asu rttd signi.f i.caatiy .higher ''0. levels than the other'sites on the cold-
 stnct test, bin: not on rh--. hoc--cart.   As previously mentioned, the
 differences in T/ible A.^-'.i -ire craseatly graphically in Appendix A
 (cold-start)  and  App^uuix B l.ho::-ytart) .     ••              .    „..     :  •
 Xaliie A.2-3   ID/5 K.'.'P i.'iui;; rLony  a tut  Fuel Economy Difference- which  were
Statistically  SLijiiiLicaut ./.t sr-yLer  than a 90';i, 95% and  99% Level, of Confidence

T»idt Type





1975
Cold-start





1.975
Hot-Start



Si.-.tt !
Contrast

E M

F
I


M F
I
F I.
E M
F
I

M F .
I
F I
ViC
i
A , '•; '









• ,

-26


-34
-25
•>



i
CD
L\ , '•',
—46










99


99
99
-22


60
25








C.L.

-------
                                        -8-
        Table  4.2-4 lists the emission and fuel economy differences  for
   the  HWFE  and  steady-state tests.  As previously stated, these  tests
   at site I were conducted with approximately 20% too much road  load
   horsepower  at 50 mph cruise.  Therefore, it is expected that the  C02
   and  NOx levels at this facility would have been greater (and fuel
   economy poorer)  than at the other test sites,,  Table 4.2-4 shows
   that this was generally true.  Site I also generally measured  higher
   HC than the other test sites, which might also be a dynamometer
   effect.   These relationships are graphically presented in Appendix C.
       Table 4.2-4.  HWFE and  Steady-State
Statistically Significant at greater  than
 Data Differences which were
a 90%, 95% and 99% Level of Confidence

Test Type




HWFE






t-SS-30





SS-45


'"•'. -; •



. SS-60



Site
Contrast

E M
. F
I

M F
I
F I
E M
F
I

M F
I
F I
E M
F
I
M :F
I
F " I
E ' M
F
I

M . F
I
F I

I
v*








21
-44


-55
-65
25



-.36
-33
. 27
33
-23


-50
-56.

1C
' C.L.




..



95
99


99
99
90


•
95
95
99
99
99


99
99

C
A, %
-42

' -51




-131

-105




-76
-76
-64











.0
C.L.
95

95




95

90




95
95
90











C
A, %

6
-17

6
-17
-23


-14


. -13
-12
3

-14

-17.
-1.6
. 7

-21.

-8 '
-28
-20

°2
C.L.

95
. 99

95
99 .
99


99


99
99
90

99

99.
-99
99

99

99
99
99

h
A, %
11
14
-40


-51
-54




19

-25




-36
-45
. 43
. 27
.-36.

-16
-79
-63
»•*•
Ox
C.L.
90
95
99


99
99




. 90

95




90
95
99
'99
99

95
99
99

FL
A, %

-6
t!5

-7
4-15
+22


. -H4


+12
fll
-3

•f-13

+15
+15
-8 •

+19

+9'
+26
+17

C
C.L.

99
99

99
99
99


99


99
99
90

99

99
99
99

99

95
99
99
    1.  A, % *> Percent difference between two test sites.

    2.  C.L. = Confidence level based on Scheffe allowances.

-------
                                    -9-
      Table 4.2-4 shows that there were some very large percentage
 differences in CO measurement.  This is because of the very low emis-
 sion level of about 0.1 g/mi.  Consequently, comparison of CO hot-start
 emissions between test sites is rather meaningless.

      Other than the large descrepancy of the data at site I,  which re-
 sulted from the incorrect dynamometer load, there are no other consistent
 differences in the data.  However, some of the data seem to indicate that
 the dynamometer load curves may be substantially different between facili-
 ties.  For example, Table 4.2-3 shows that site M measured 4% and 6%
 higher CO- than site E and F on the 1975 hot-start cycle.  At the steady-
 state speed of 30 mph (Table 4.2-4) there was no significant  difference
 in C0? measurement among these sites.  However, at 60 mph, site M measured
 significantly less C02 (and NOx) than sites E and F.  Such discrepancies
 might be explained by differences in dynamometer load vs. speed relationships.

      As mentioned earlier, a final step in the data analysis  was a
 covariance analysis of the 1975 hot-start data to determine any effect
 of ambient conditions on emission levels.  Since testing at each facility
 occurred on two consecutive days, the change in ambient conditions within
•each test site was small.   Consequently it was expected that  any effect
 of ambient changes on emissions would be difficult to determine0   The
 statistical analysis confirmed this belief.  Only three ambient effects
 were significant at above the 80% confidence level and the most significant.
 of these was at only a .91% level.  These effects were (1) barometric pres-
 sure on HC, (2) humidity on HC and (3)  humidity on NOx;  and  they are
 listed in Appendix D as  Table D-I.

      To determine if the three ambient  effects in Table D-I had an effect
 on the measured HC and NOx differences  between test sites,  the 1975 hot-
 start data was corrected using the listed coefficients.  An analysis of
 variance was then run on the corrected  data.   Results of this analysis
 are listed in Table D-II.  Comparing this Table with the 1975  hot-start
 analysis in Table 4.2-3  reveals that the ambient corrections  had only a
 slight effect on the differences between test sites.   The only significant
 difference in the uncorrected data which was  eliminated by the ambient corrections
 was the 7.7, discrepancy in  NOx emissions between site  E and  F.   Figures D-l , D-2
 and D-3 show HC vs.  barometer,  HC vs. humidity and NOx vs.  humidity,  respectively,
 and contain the coefficients obtained by the  covariance analysis.   Wide scatter
 in the data points indicate the rather  weak correlation obtained:

 5.   Conclusions

      1.  Site I differed significantly  from the other test sites in the
 measurement of HC,  C02,  and NOx when tested on the HWFE and steady-state
 cycles. . However,  it was discovered that the  dynamometer horsepower^oad
 was 20% greater than the proper value;   and this is believed  to be
 responsible for  most of the observed difference.

-------
                                 rlO-
     2. After dynamometer recalibration, test site I measured approximately
8% higher C02 and 18% higher NOx than the other test sites for both cold-
start and, hot-start 1975 FTPs.  HC was also higher on the 1975 .hot-start
This indicates that the dynamometer load at site I nay still have been greater
than at the other test sites.

     3.  On the 1975 cold-start FTP, site M.measured significantly higher
CO than the other 3 test sites.

     4.  Test sites can not be meaningfully compared for hot-start CO
emissions because of•the extremely low CO levels.

     5.  On hot-start 1975 FTPs site M measured about 5% more CO- than
sites E and F, and 9% more NOx than site F.  However at a 60 mph steady-
state, site M measured about 7% less C0» and significantly less NOx than
sites E and F.  It is likely that these differences are due to a loading
difference between the belt-driven dynamometer used by site M and the
direct-drive unit used by the other test sites.

6.  Recommendations

     1.  Lower range CO analyzers would improve the repeatability
of CO. measurements when a low emission vehicle such as used in this
program is tested.  This is particularly true for site E.

     2.  Dynamometer torque measurements during correlation program
tests would be helpful in determining dynamometer effects.

     3.  Standardization of dynamometer type would probably improve
correlation between emission laboratories.

     4.  Cylinder gas cross-checks would be helpful in determining
any differences in analytical system performance.

     5.  Ambient effects could be better quantified if there were
two rounds of testing, because this would most likely result in
greater ambient variations within test sites.

-------
                                 -11-
References

1.  Leiferman, M.  and Wilson, G., "1975 EPA-U'.S.  MVMA KMii^ion L/uxn-acor;
    Correlation  Study",  Environmental Protection  A»>.eaey, i'.;:i.co of  Air
    and Waste Management, Office of Mobile  Source Air t'olluiiiim C.jiv:ro I,
    Emission Control Technology Division, June,  .1.97'i.

2.  Leiferman, M.,  "EPA-BMW Emission Laboratory  Corrc.l iC.Lon :;r:u.ly,"
    Environmental  Protection Agency, Of f ice  of  Air and Vin.st:--' HnnH^eiiienc,
    Office of- Mobile Source Air Pollution Control, .!;;u.Lesion C
    Technology Division,  June, 1975.

-------
         Appendix A
Data from Cold-Start 1975 FTP

-------
Table A-l MERCEDES CORRELATION STUDY -- 1975 COLO START

                         TEST DATA BAG «1

                                      FC-C  WB   DB    K
SITE- RUN

El
El
HZ
M2
F3
F3
14
14
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
BAG
NO.
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
I 0
1 0
H C

.350
.400
.386
.406
.398
.4M
.318
.359


2
2
3
3
2
2
2
3
C 0

.160
.610
.769 .
.827
.373
.677
.895
.270
C02

603.
830.
820.
827.
806.
813.
926.
984.
NOX

1
2
2
2
2
1
2
2

.91
.03
.10
.11
.06
.95
.25
.49
                                           62.0 74,
                                           61.0 71.
                                           61.0 73,
                                           63.0 78,
                                           64..0 79,
                                           56.0 79,
                                           65.0 78,
                                           60.0 78.
                                                           BARO  HUM
                               0 0.957 28.98
                               5 0.953 29.17
                               0 0.940 29.17
                               0 0.950 29.31
                               0 0.959 29.22
                               0 0.852 29.42
                               0 0.989 29.18
                                                   0 0.888 29.48
                 65
                 64
                 61
                 64
                 66
                 38
                 72.9
                 48.4
 SITE  RUN  BAG   H  C
      NO.  NO.
     TEST DATA BAG «2

CO   C02   NOX   FC-C  WB
                             DB
                                      .BARO  HUH
El
El '
M2
M2
F3
F3
14
14
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0.090
0.090
0.098
0.105
0.107
0.101
0.086
0.092
0.060
0.020
0.066
0.055
0.067
0.059
0.043
0.030
814.
815.
828.
836.
809.
819.
873.
862.
0.93
0.99
1.20
1.16
0.97
0.93
1.19
1.17
62.0
61.0
61.0
63.0
64.0
58.0
65.0
60.0
74.0
71.5
73.0
78.0
79.0
79.0
78.0
76.0
0.957
0.953
0.940
0.950
0.959
0.852
0.989
0.888
28.98
29.17
29.17
29.31
29.22
29.42
29.18
29.48
65.7
64.7
61.7
64.0
66.1
38.3
72.9
43.4
 SITE  RUN  BAG   H  C    CO
      NO.  NO.
     TEST DATA BAG #3

      C02   NOX   FC-C  WB
                             DB
                                       6ARO  HUH
El
El
H2
M2
F3
F3
14
14
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
B
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
0.110
0.130
0.124
0.121
0.146
0.136.
0.141.
0.139
0.100.
0.060
0.116
0.105
0.115
0.098
0.109
0.082
648.
685.
647.
687.
669.
674.
745. J
728. !
.68
.84
.98
.98
.90
.78
'.19
'.23
62.0
61.0
61.0
63.0
64.0
58.0
65.0
60.0
74.0
71.5
73.0
78.0
79. -0
79.0
78.0
78.0
0.957
0.953
0.94Q
0.950
0.959
0.652
O.V89
0.888
28.98
29.17
29.17
29.31
29.22
29.42
29.18
29.48
65.7
64.7
61.7
64.0
66.1
38.3
72.9
48.4
•SITE  RUN  BAG   H  C    CO
      NO.  NO.
     TEST DATA BAG »4

      C02   NOX   FC-C  W8
DB
          BARO  HUH
El
El
H2
M2
F3
F3
14
I*
1
2
3
tt
S
6
7
8
4
4
4
4
4
4

-------
         Table A-II
                    Summary of Composite 1975 Cold-Start
                                FTP Data
DESCRIPTIVE MEASURES      STRATUM =  1s EPA

VARIABLE       N   MEAN      STO OEV   SE OF  MEAN
                        MINIMUM
HC
CO
C02
NOX
FC-C
WO
08
K
BARO
HUM
DESCRIPTIVE
HC
CO
C02
NOX
FC-C
KB
OB
K
BARO
HUM
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
.15450
.53750
775.00
1.3900
11.450
61.500
72.750
.95500
29.075
65.200
MEASURES
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2'
.16750
.84350
785.00
1.5000
11.300
62.000
75.500
.94500
29.240
62.850
.10607
.44548
11.314
.70711
.21213
.70711
1.7678
.26284
.13435
.70711
STRATUM =
.49497
.21213
11.314

. .14142
1.4142
'3.5355
.70711
.98995
1.6263
-1
-1

-1



-2


2 =
-2
-2

'



-2
-1

.75000
.31500
R.OQOO
.50000
.15000
.50000
1.2500
.20000
.95000
.50000
-2
-1

-1



-2
-1

.14700
.50600
767.00
1.3400
11.300
61.000
71.500
.95300
28.980
64.700
Mercedes
.35000
.15000
8.0000

.10000
1.0000
2.5000
.50000
.70000
1.1500
-2
-2





-2
-1

.16400
.84200
777.00
1.5000
11.200
61.000
73.000
.94000
29.170
61.700
                                    MAXIMUM

                                   -.16200
                                    .56900
                                    T83.00
                                    1.4400
                                    11.600
                                    62.000
                                    74.000
                                    .95700
                                    29.170
                                    65.700
                                                              .17100
                                                              .84500
                                                              793.00
                                                              1.50.PO
                                                              11.400
                                                              63.000
                                                              78.000
                                                              .95000
                                                              29.310
                                                              64.000
DESCRIPTIVE MEASURES
STRATUM = 3 = Ford
HC
CO
CO?
NOX
FC-C
WB
08
K
BARO •
HUM
DESCRIPTIVE
HC
CO
C02
NOX
FC-C
WB
DB
K
BARO
HUM
2
' . 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
.17900
.58200
774.00
1.4100
11.450
.61.000
79.000
.90550
29.320
52.200
MEASURES
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
.I54SO
.68100
849.50
1.7050
10.400
62.500
78.000
.93850
29.330
60.650
.28284
.38184
5.6569
.56569
.70711
4.2426

.75660
.14142
19.658
STRATUM =
.77782
.45255
.70711
.35355

3.5355

.71418
.21213
17.324
-2
-1

-1
-1


-1


4 =
-2
-1

-1



-1


.20000
.27000
4.0000
.40000
.50000
3.0000

.53500
.10000
13.900-
Flat
.55000
.32000
.50000
.25000

2.5QOO'

.50500
.15000
12.250
•2
-1

-1
-1


-1



-2
-1

-1



-I


.17700
.55500
770.00
1.3700
11.400
58.000
79.000
.85200
29.220
38.300

.14900
.64900
849.00
1.6300
10.4QO
60.000
78.000
.88800
29.180
48.400
                                                              .18100
                                                              .60900
                                                              778.00
                                                              1.4500
                                                              11.500
                                                              64.000
                                                              79.0t)0
                                                              .95900
                                                              29.420
                                                              66.100
                                                              .16000
                                                              .71300
                                                              850.00
                                                              1.7300
                                                              10.400
                                                              65.000
                                                              78.000
                                                              .98900
                                                              29.480
                                                              72.900
DESCRIPTIVE MEASURES

VARIABLE       N   MEAN
HC
CO
C02
NOX
FC-C
W8.
DB '
K
BARO
HUM
Grand

   STD OEV  SE OF MEAN  MINIMUM
MAXIMUM
8
8
8
8
8
8
6
6
8
8
.16387
.66100
795.68
1.5012
11.150
61.750
76.313
.93600
29.241
60.225
.12194
.12867
34.027
.13830
.47809
.2.2520
2.9873
.44143
.15869
11.226
-1 .43113
.45492
12.030
.48896
.16903
.79620
1.0562
-1 .15607
.56107
- 3.9689
-2
-1

-1



-1
-1

.14700
.50600
767.00
1.3400
10.4QO
Sfl.OOO
71.500
.B5200
28.980
38.300
.18100
.84500
850.00
1.7300
11.600
. 65.000
79.000
.98900
29.480
72.900

-------
                   Figure A-l .(1975 COLD  ST»KT)  . HC    VS. RUN«(BAG4)
                                                  < Y   VS.   X  )
                                                                            06-10-75
    0.190 »-
    0.170
EC,
    0.150
    0.130
    0.110
    0.090
         0.0
                             2.000
                                                   .000
                                                          Run Number
                                                                       6.000
                                                                                           a.oco
                                                                                                               10.000

-------
  1.000
  0.900.
  0.800
CO, ml
  0.700
  0.600
  .0.500
Figure A-2 (1975 COLO START) CO
'
I '
I
I
I
I '
I
I
I
I I
I I
I
I
I
1 . . ___—-—
I M —
I
I
I . •
I I
I I
I I
i i
i i -
i . i
r . i
i i
i i
i i
ii
i i
i i
r i
i • »
i
i
i
i
i
i .
i /
i /
i /
i /
\ /
I E
VS. HUNMBftGM
Y VS. X ) 06-10-7b
I
'
'




I • .
I
I
.
.

1
. :
.:

•
v i
I
"I
r . •' i
[••••• i .. . .
i
i
i
t i • .
\ i / •
i /
r i /
i i /
[ .11
t i
i
t i .
[ F
[ / I
/ I
/ I
F I '
[ I
I I '
r i :
i . i
t 'i


i
i
i
i
: I
I,
I
.1
I
I
I
1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I . I
[ I
t . ' 'I
[ I
I I
[ I
I I
I , I
i I
[ I
[ I
I
I
•. I
I
I
I
I
I
I
. I
I
       0.0
                            z.ooo
                                                         Run Number
                                                                      6.000
                                                                                           8.000
                                                                                                               10.000

-------
                Figure A-3   U975 COLD STAHT)
CO?
 ! Y
VS. »UNMdAG<«>
 VS.   X )
                                                                          06-10-75
900.000
eso.ooo
800.000
   ml
750.000
I I
I I
I • I
I I
I ' I
I I
I ' •• I
I I
.1 I
I I
I I
I • I
! I
1 •'•' • {.
t I I
I - I . ' • I
i i . • r
t I M
i . i • . / \
i ' .,e ./ i
i ./ i ./ \
I . / I MI
I / I ' 1
I . E^ I 1
I . I • • I
I ' ! I
I I I
I 'I T
I I I
I I : I
I I f
I I • - 1
I I I
I.I I
I I I
I ' • I ' !
I .1 !
I I
I I • ' -I
I I !
I I i
1 I . f
I . ' I 'I
I I 'I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I .
, 1
I
' • • 1
f"^"^ \
\ '
. I
I
!
[
f
I
i
i
1
J
i
1
1
i
I
I
(
!
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
1
I
I
I
. ' I
!
[
1 .
I
I
I
[
I
I
• I
1
. I
i
i
i
i
I
i
i
• I
1
I
: ' ,l
• i
« i
i
r
700.000
650.000
       0.0
                            2.000
                                                                     o . 0 o 0
                                                                                                            i 0 . C 0 3

-------
              Figure A-4    U<*75  COLO START)
NOX
 t Y
VS. PUN*(dAG
 vs.   x  ;-
                                                                          •Ji- IO-/5
1.750
1.650

     0.0
                                                                                                              i 9•000

-------
                Figure A-5
(19/5 COLD  START)   FC-C
                      I  f
                                                          v'b.
                                                           VS.
   13.000
   U.SuJ
rc-C. ci"
   I 1.OC )
   10.SOC
                      \
                                                                                      ; ----------- 1
   10.000
         3.0
                               J. 0 r,;
                                                                          fc ..;
                                                                                                                    1 0 . 0 C 0

-------
          Appendix  B
Data Fro:m Hot-;Starc  !.'97ii'

-------
Tabla B-I  MERCEDES CORRELATION STUDY — 1975  HOT START

                    '     TEST DATA BAG #1

SITE RUN BAG  H C   CO   C02   NOX   FC-C  WB   DB    K
     NO. NO.                             .
                                       BARO  HUM
El
El
El
El
M2
*2
M2
M3
F3
F3
F3
F3
14
14
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
S3
24
0.090 0.060 665. .78 63.0 73.5 0.982 28.98 71.3
0.100 0.060 691. .82 63.0 75.0 0,970 29.04 63.7
0.080 0.020 66S. .90 62.0 74.0 0.9S4 29.20 6S.O
0.080 0.050 658. .84 63.0 74.0 0.975 29.20 69.8
O.OH9 0.090 691. .96 . 63.0 76.1) 0.<>44 29.19 62.6
0.07c) 0.037 6H8. .82 66.0 78.0 1.U20 29.19 79.4
0.071 0.05V 684. .92 63.0 78. n 0.937 29.31 60.9
0.071 0.079 679. .83 64.0 78. 0 0.930 29.31 59.2
0.066 0.074 661. .75 - 62.0 78.0 0-926 29.23 58.2
0.079 0.074 652. .79 62.0 79..0 0.920 29.23 56.7
O.OB6 0.084 657. .64 57.0 79.0 O.fOO 29.42 3<>,1
0.082 0.078 650. .73 57.0 79.0 0.838 29,42 34.1
0.112 0.087 74.1. 2.15 66.0 7R.O 1.013.29.21 78.0
0.118 0.080 712. 2.01 , 60.0 78;0 0.688 29.49 48.4
SITE RUN RAG  H C
     NO. NO.
     TEST DATA BAG i>Z

C 0   C02   NOX   FC-C
                        WB   OB
                                       BARO  HUM
El
El
El
El
M2
M2
H2
H2
F3
F3
F3
F3
14.
14
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.100
0..098
0.109
0.093
0.086
0.111
0.108
0.109
0.110
0.119
0.152
0,060
0.020
0.0
0.020
0.062
0.029
0.064
0.085
0.050
0.040
0.045
0.058
0.090
0.024
773.
779.
774.
756.
019.
.819.
818.
815.
785.
775.
779.
775.
846.
.829.
1.00
0.93
0.99
0.96
1.18
1.16
1.12
1.12
0.90
0.90
0.89
0.89
1.11 .
1.13
63
63
62
63
63
66
63
64
62
62
57
57
66
60
.0 73.5
.0 75.0
.0 74.0
.0 74.0
.0 76.0
.0 78.0
.0 78.0
.0 78.0
.0 78.0
.0: 79.0
.0 79. n
.0 79.0
.0 78.0
.0 78.0
0.9S2
0.970
0.954
0.975
0.944
1.020
0.937
0,930
0.926
0.9r?0
O.fl.lO
0.038
1.013
O.B88
20.98
29.04
29.20
29.20
29.19
29.19
29.31
29.31
29.23
29.23
29.42
29.42
29.21
29.49
71.3
6ft. 7
65.0
69.8
62.6
79.4
60.9
.59.2
59.2
56.7
34. 1
3<..l
78.0
48.4
SITE RUN IUG  H C
     NO. NO.
     TEST DATA BAG #3

C 0   C02   NOX   FC-C  WB   OB
                                       BARO  HUM
El
El
El
El
K2
M2
M2
M2
F3
F3
F3
F3
14
14
il-
ia
13
14
15
16
17
18
19.
20
21
22
23
24
3
3
3
3
J
.3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
-3
0.130
0.140
0.130
0.130
0.117
0.114
0.125
0.122
O.HS
•0.106
0-137
0.136
0.145
0.160
0.140
0.120
0.060
0.100
0.089
0.070
0.144
0.109
0.065
0.073
0.096
0.142
0.101
0.125
656.
663. •
664.
623.
677.
688.
687.
663.
572.
548.
65fl.
656.
742. J
711. '<
.74
.74
.81
.86
.98
.81
.92
.75
.68
.51
.68
.68
2.22
'.14
63.0
63.0
•62.0
63.0
63.0
66.0
63,0
64.0
62.0
62.0
57.0
57.0
66.0
60.0
73.5
75.0
74.0
74.0
76.0
78.0
78.0
78.0
78.0
79.0
79.0
79.0
78.0
78.0
0.982
0.970
0.954
0.975
0.944
1.020
0.937
0.930
0.926
0.920
0.633
O.R38
1.013
0.888
28.98
29.04
29.20
29.20
29.19
29.19
29.31
29.31
29.23
29.23
29.42
29.42
29.21
29.49
71.3
63.7
65.0
69.8
62.6
79.4
60.9
59.2
58.2
56.7
34.1
34.1
78.0
48.4
SITE RUN B«G  H C
     NO. NO.
     TEST DATA BAG C4 •

C 0   C02   NOX   FC-C  WB
                             DB
                                       BARO  HUM
El
El
El
El
M2
M2
M2
.H2
F3
F3
F3
F3
14
14
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
4
4
4
4
it
U
4.
It
4
4
4
4
it
4
0.106
0.110
0.106
0. 108
0.101
0.104
0.097
0.093
0.107
0.101
0.112
0.111
0-124
0.147
0.080
0.057
0.022
0.047
0.086
0.042
0.085
0.090
0.059
0.062
0.067
0.085
0.093
0.063
719.
729.
722.
710.
754.
757.
755.
745.
702.
688.
721.
717.
798.
773.
1.36
1.34
1.40
1.38
1.47
1.51
.41
.34
.29
.25
.26
.28
.63
.59
12.3
12.2
12.3
12.5
11.8
11.7
11.7
11.9
12.6
12.9
12.3
12.4
11.1
11.5
63.0
63.0
62.0
63.0
63.0
66.0
63.0
.64.0
'62.0
62.0
57.0
57.0
66.0
60.0
73.5
75.0
74.0
74.0
76.0
76.0
78.0
78.0
78.0
79.0
79.0
79.0
7R.O
78.0
0.982
0.970
0.954
0.975
0.944
1.020
0.937
0.930
0.926
0.920
0.838
0.838
1.013
0.888
28.98
29.04
29.20
29.20
29.19
29.19
29.31
29.31
29.23
29.23
29.42
29.42
29.21
29.49
71.3
68.7
65.0
69.6
62.6
79.4
60.9
59.2
58.2
56.7
34.1
34.1
78.0
48.4

-------
             Table B-II
                           Summary of Composite 1975 Hot-Scart
                           FTP Data
 DESCRIPTIVE MEASURES
 VARIABLE

 HC
 CO
 C02
 NOX
 FC-C
 WB
. 08
 K
 BARO
 HUM
                 N   MEAN
STRATUM =  1 -  EPA

   STD DEV  SE OF MEAN  MINIMUM
                                                                 MAXIMUM
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
A
.1075&
.51500 -1
720.00
1.3700
12.335
62.750
74.125
.97025
H9. 105
68.700
.19149
.24035
7.8740
.25820
.12BR3
.50000
.62915
.11899
.11240
2.6870
-2
-1

-1



-1


.95743
.12017
3.9370
.12910
.62915
.25000
.31458
.59494
.56199
1.3435
-3
-1

-1
-1


-2
-1

.10600
.22000 -1
710.00
1.3400
12.200
62.000
73.500
.95400
28.980
6S.OOO
.11000
.80000
729.00
1.4000
12.500
63.000
75.000
.9B200
29.200
71.300
 DESCRIPTIVE MEASURES
                            STRATUM  =  2 = Mercedes
HC
CO
C02
NOX
FC-C
WB
DB
K
BARO
HUM
DESCRIPTIVE
HC
CO
C02
NOX
FC-C
WB
DB
K
BARO
HUM
DESCRIPTIVE
HC
CO
C02
NOX
FC-C
wa
DB
K
BARO
HUM
DESCRIPTIVE
VARIABLE
HC
CO
C02
NOX
FC-C
W8
DB
K
BARO
HUM
4
4
4
• 4
4
» 4
4
4
4
4
.98750
.75750
752.75
1.4325
11.775
64.000
77.500
'.95775
29.250
65.525
MEASURES
4
4
4
4
4
4
' 4
4
4
4
.10775
.68250
707.00
1.2700
12.550
59.500
78.750
.68050
29.325
45.775
MEASURES
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Z
.13550
.78000
785.50
1.6100
11.300
63.000
78.000
,95050
29.350
63.200
MEASURES
N
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
MEAN
.10907
.67000
735.00
1.3936
12.0R6
62.214
76.964
.93821
29.244
60.457
-1 .47871
-1 .22603
5.3151
.74106
.95743
1.4142
1.0000
.41892
.69282
9.3536
STRATUM =
.49917
-1 .11644
15.078
.18257
.26458
2.8068
.50000
.49136
.10970
13.495
STRATUM =
.16263
-1 .21213
17.678
.28284
.28284
4.2426

.88388
.19799
20.930
Grand
-2
-1

-1
-1


-1
-1

3
-2
-I

-1



-1


4 .
-1
-1

-1



-1



STO OEV
.13182
-1 .20825
29.951
.11875
.48652
2.6941
2.0236
.55472
.13971
13.924
-1
-1





-1


.23936
.11302
2.6S75
.37053
.47871
.70711
.50000
.20946
.34641
4.6768
« Ford
.24958
.58220
7.5388
.91287
.13229
1.4434
.25000
.24568
.54848
6.7475
» Ftat
.11500
.15000
12.500
.20000
.20000
3.0000

.62500
.14000
14.800
. ._
-2
-1

-1
-1


-1
-1
;

-2
-2

-2



-1
-1


-1
-1

-1



-1



SE OF MEAN
.35230
.55658
8.0048
.31737
.13003
.72003
.54082
.14825
.37339
3.7213
-2
-2

-1



-1
-1

.93000 -1
.42000 -1
745.00
1.3400
11.700
63.000
76.000
.93000
29.190
59.200

.10100
.59000 -1
688.00
1.2500
12.300
57.000
78.000
.33300
29.230
34.100

.12400
.63000 -1
773.00
1.5900
11.100
60.000
78.000
.88800
29.210
48.400

MINIMUM
.93000 -1
.22000 -1
688.00
1.2500
11.100
57.000
73.500
.83800
28.980
34.100
.10400
.90000
757.00
1.5100
1.1.900
66.000
78.000
1.0200
29.310
79.400
"
.11200
.85000
721.00
1.2900
12.900
62.000
79.000
.92600
29.420
58.200

.14700
.93000
798.00
1.6300
11.500'
66.000
78.000
1.0130
29.490
78.000


-










-1










-1









MAXIMUM
.14700
.93000
798.00
1.6300
12.900
66.000
79.000
1.0200
29.490
79.400

-1









-------
Figure B-l

0.190 <
-
0«170


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• I 3 '
HC, ml
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1975 HOT STAWTI HC VS. RUNMBAG4)
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                                                 Run K'jnber

-------
                   Figure »-2   '  ,1975 MOT STAWT)
                                              CO
                                                (  V
VS. RUN»(BAG<»)
 VS.   X  )
                                                                             06-10-7S
    0.100
    0.080
   0.060
CO,
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voo.ooo
850.000
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Figure B-3 ( 1975 riOT-ST«HT) C03 VS. RUNOIHAO4)
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-------
Figure B-4   <
                                  HOT. START)
NOX
 ( Y
VS. RUNC teAt><.)
 VS.    X  )
                                                                           06-10-75
1.75(1  »
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-------
           Figure "E-5
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-------
         Appendix C
Data From HWFE and Steady-State
            Tests

-------
Table C-I   MERCEDES  CORRELATION  STUDY  — HWFC

                          TEST  DATA BAG #1

 SITE  RUN BAG   H C    CO    C02    NOX   FC-C   W8
      NO. NO.
                                        D8
                                                  8ARO  HUH
14
14
14
El
El
F.I
M2
M2
M2
F3
r :<
F3
31
3?
33
34
35
36
37
30
39
An
41
42
0.051
0.050
0.039
0.050
0.040
0.040
0.043
0.036
0.042
0.042
0.039
0.039
0.073
0.070
0.070
0.050
0.040
0.030
0.061
O.OfiO
0.054
0.058
O.OS8
0.066
614.
599.
620.
528.
517.
511.
524.
520.
515.
498.
4B4.
482.
a. 97
2.94
2.83
2.11
2.04
2.02
1.95
1.77
1.76
1.85
1.76
1.67
14.5
14.8
14.3
16.8
17.1
17.4
16.9
17.1
17.2
17.8
18.3
18.4



62.5
62.5
62.5
65.0
63.5
63.0
61.0
61.0
61.0



74.0
74.0
74.0
75.0
75.0
73.0
79.0
79.0
79.0



0.964
0.964
0.964
1.005
0.974
0.979
0.901
0.901
0.901
2'9.75
39.75
29.75
29.21
29.21
29.21
29.17
29.18
29.18
29.25
29.25
29.25



67.3
67.3
67.3
76.3
69.6
70.7
51.9
51.9
51.9
          MERCEDES CORRELATION STUDY — SS-30

                          TEST' DATA BAG #1
SITE

14
14
14
U
El
El
M2
H2
H2
F3
K3
RUN
NO.
51
52
1.3
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
BAG
NO.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
H C

0.044
0.044
0.044
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.024
0.027
0.029
0.026
0.021
C 0

0.021
0.042
0.040
0.010
0.0
0.010
0.030
0.056
0.038
0.017
0.027
C02

567.
586.
585.
506.
505.
499.
513.
512.
504.
517.
512.
NOX

0.43
0.39
0.38
0.35
0.33
0.34
0.41
0.35
0.38
0.33
0.29
FC-C

15.7
15.1
15.2
17.5
17.6
17.8
17.3
17.3
17.6
17.2
17.3
WB




63.0
62. S
62.5
63.5
71.0
65.0
56.0
58. 0
DB




74.5
74.5
74.5
74.0
80,5
74-. 0
77.0
81.0
K




0.971
0.961
0.961
0.974
1.202
1.002
0.836
0.842
BARO

29.73
39.73
29.73
29.20
29.20
29.20
29.31
29.29
29.28
29.37
29.35
HUH




68.9
66.6
66.6
69.6
111.0
75.7
33.5
35.3
 SITE RUN BAG  H C
      NO. NO.
MERCEDES CORRELATION STUDY — SS-45

                TEST DATA BAG #1

           C 0   COZ   NOX   FC-C  WB
                                        OB
BARO  HUH
14
14
14
El
El
El
M2
M2
M2
F3
F3
F3
71
72 '
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
- 82
0.043
0.040
0.039
.0.040
.0.030
0.040
0.029
0.027
0.029
0.030
0.028
0.031
0.040
0.053
0.051
0.030
0.0
0.030
0.052
0.050
0.057
0.042
0.053
0.064
541.
545.
546.
483.
467.
482.
464.
464.
459.
469.
467.
460.
1.15
1.03
1.02
1.04
0.82
1.10
0.87
0.52
0.82
0.76
0.66
0.62
16.4
16.3
16.2
18.4
19.0
18.4
19.1
19.1
19.2
18.9
19.0
19.3


63.0
62.5
62.5
65.5
69.0
67.0
56.0
58.0
59. 0


74.5
74.5
74.5
78.0
79.0
76.0
77.0
81.0
83.0.


0.971
0.961
0.961
1.040
1.080
1.044
0.836
0.842
0.845
29.73
29.73
29.73
29.20
29.20
29.20
29.30
29.29
29.29
29.37
29.35
29.33


68.9
66.6
66.6
83.4
91.0
84.2 .
33.5
35.3
36.2
 SITE RUN PAG  H C
      NO. NO.
MERCEDES CORRELATION STUDY — SS-60

                TEST DATA BAG #1

           C 0   C02   NOX   FC-C  WB
                                        OB
                                                   BARO   HUM
14
14
14
El
El
El
M2
M2
M2
F3
F3
F3
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
0.036
0.036
0.037
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.023
0.022
0.023
0.019
0.020
0.024
0.067
0.065
0.057
0.040
0.020
0.050
0.066
0.023
0.048
0.054
0.058
0.064
630.
622.
627.
505.
516.
515.
493.
468.
471.
516.
519.
519.
4.23
4.24
4.06
3.07
3.18
3.16
1.90
2.11
1.68
2.37
2.41
2.28
14.1
14.3
14.2
17.6
17.2
17.2
18.0
19.0
18.8
H.2
17.1
17.1



63.0
62.5
62.5
68.0
70.0
69.0
56.0
58.0
59.0



74.5
74.5
74.5
82.0
81.0
79.0
77.0
81. 0
83.0



0.971
0.961
0.961
1.025
1.080
1.071
0.836
0.842
0.845
29.73
29.73
29.73
29.20
29.20
29.20
29.30
29.29
29.29
29.37
29.35
29.33



68.9
66.6
66.6
80.4
91.0
89.3
33.5
35.3
36.2

-------
                  Table C-III Summary of SS-30 Data
DESCRIPTIVE MEASURES
VARIABLE
               N    MEAN
STRATUM a  I a EPA

   STO DEV  SE  OF  MEAN.  MINIMUM
                                                               MAXIMUM
HC
-co
C02
NOX
FC-C
UB
DB
K
BARO
HUM .
DESCRIPTIVE
HC
CO
C02
NOX
FC-C
WB
DB
K
BARO
HUM
DESCRIPTIVE
HC
CO
C02
NOX
FC-C
WB
DB
K
BARO
HUM •
DESCRIP-TIVE
HC
CO
C02
NOX
FC-C
WB
DB
K
BARO..
HUM
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
.30000
.66667
503.33
.34000
17.633
62.667
74.500
.96433
29.200
67.367
MEASURES
3
3
3
3
3
3
. 3
3-
3
3
.26667
.41333
509.67
.38000
17.400
66.500
76.167
1.0593
29.293
85.433
MEASURES
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
. 2
2
2
.23500
.22000
514.50
.31000
17.250
57.000
79.000
.83900
29.360
34.400
MEASURES
3
3
3
3
3
0
0
0
3.
0
.44000
.34333
579.33
.40000
15.333



29.730

-1
-2 .57735
3.7859
.10000
.15275"
.28868

.57735

1.3279
STRATUM =
-1 .25166
-1 .13317
4.93?9
'.3(1000
.17321
3.9686
3.7520
.12434
.15275
22.350
STRATUM =
-1 .35355
-1 .70711
3.5355
.28284
.70711
1.4142
2.8284
.42426
.14142
1.2728
STRATUM =
-1
-1 .11590
10.693
.26458
.32146






-2

-1



-2


2 =
-2
-1

-1




-1


.33333
2.1858
.57735
.88192
.16667

.33333

.76667

-2

-2
-1


-2


.30000 -1
0.
499.00
.33000
17.500
62.500
74.500
.96100
. 29.200
66.600
.30000
.10000
506.00
.35000
17.800
63.000
74.500
.97100
29.200
68.900
-1
-1








Mercedes
.14530
.76884
2.8480
.17321
.10000
2.2913
2.1667
.71790
.88193
12.904
-2
-2

-1



-1
-2

.24000 -1
.30000 -1
504.00
.35000
17.300
63.500
74.000
.97400
29.280
69.600
.29000
.56000
513.00
.41000
17.600
71.000
80.500
1.2020
29.310
111.00
-1
rl








3 = Ford
-2
-2

-1
-1


-2
-1

4 =

-1

-1






.25000
.50000
2.5000
.20000
.50000
1.0000
2.0000
.30000
.10000
.90000
Flat

.66916
6.1734
.15275
.18559





-2
-2

-1
-1


-2
-1



-2

-1






.21000 -1
' .17000 -1
512.00 .-
.29000
17.200
56.000
77.000
.83600
29.350
33.500

.44000 -1
.21000 -1
567.00
.38000
15.100



29.730

.26000
.27000
517.00
.33000
17.300
58.000
81.000
.84200
29.370
35.300

.44000
.42000
586.00
.43000
15.700



29.730

-1
-1









-1
-1








DESCRIPTIVE MEASURES

VARIABLE       N    MEAN
HC
CO
C02
NOX
FC-C
WB
DB
K
BARO
HUM
Grand

   STO DEV  SE OF MEAN   MINIMUM
                                    MAXIMUM
11
11
11
11
11
8
e
8
11
8
.31727 -1
.26455 -1
527.82
.36182
16.873
62.688
76.250
.96862
29.399
65.900
.83557
.16747
33.796
.40452
1.0140
4.5035
2.9399
.1129B
.22016
24.319
-2
-I

-1






.25193
.50495
10.190
.12197
.30573
1.5922
1.0 39i,
.39945
.66380
8.5980
-Z
-2

-1



-1
-1

.21000 -1
0.
499.00
.29000
15.100
56.000
74.000
.33600
29.200
33.500
.44000
.56000
586.00
.43000
17.800
71.000
81.000
1.2020
29.730
111.00
-1
-1









-------
                    Table C-II Summary of HWFE Data
 DESCRIPTIVE MEASURES
                           STRATUM =  1 = EPA
 VARIABLE
                N   MEAN
                              STO OEV   SE OF MEAN  MINIMUM
                                                               MAXIMUM
'HC
CO
C02
NOX
FC-C
WB
DB
K
BARO
HUM
DESCRIPTIVE
HC
CO
C02
NOX
FC-C
WB
DB
K
BARO
HUM
DESCRIPTIVE
HC
CO
C02
NOX
FC-C
WB
DB .
K
BARO '
HUM
DESCRIPTIVE
HC
CO
C02
NOX
FC-C
WB
DB
K
BARO •
HUM
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
.43333
.40000
518.67
2.0567
17.100
62.500
74.000
.96400
29.210
67.300
MEASURES
3
3
3
3
3
v 3
3
3
3
3
.40333
.65000
519.67
1.8267
17.067
63.833
' 74.333
.98600
29.177
72.200
MEASURES
3
3
. 3
3
3
3
• 3
3
3
3
.40000
.60667
408.00
1.7600
18.167
61.000
79.000
.90100
29.250
51.900
MEASURES
3
3
3
3
3
0
0
0
3
0
.46667
.70667
611.00
2.9133
14.533



29.750

-1
-1








.57735
.10000
8.6217
.47258
.30000





STRATUM =
-1
-1








.37859
.13454
4.5092
.10693
.15275
1.0408
1.1547
.16643
.57735
3.5930
STRATUM =
-1
-1








.17321
.46188
8.7178
.90000
.32146





STRATUM -
-1
-1








.66583
.11547
10.817
.73711
.25166





-2 .33333
-1 .57735
4.9777
-1 .27285
.17321





-2
-2

-1






.40000
.30000
511.00
2.0200
16.800
62.500
74.000
' .96400
29.210
67.300
-1 .50000
-1 .50000
528.00
2.1100
17.400
62.500
74.000
.96400'
29.210
^67.300
-1
-1








Z " Mercedes •
-2 .21858
-1 .77675
2.6034
.61734
.88192
.60093
.66667
-1 .96090
-2 .33333
2.0744
3 = Ford
-2 .10000
-2 .26667
5.0332
-1 .51962
.18559




.
4 = Fiat
-2 .38442
-2 .66667
6.2450
-1 .42557
.14530





-2
-2

-1
-1


-2
-2


-2
-2

-1







-2
-3

-1






.36000
.54000
515.00
1.7600
16.900
63.000
73.000
.97400
29.170
69.600

.39000
.58000
482.00
1.6700
17.800
61.000
79.000
.90100
29.250
51.900

.39000
.70000
599.00
2.8300
14.300



39.750

-1 .43000
-I .80000
524.00
1.9500
17.200
65.000
75.000
1.0050
29.180
76.300
'
-1 .42000
-1 .66000
498.00
1.8500
IB. 400
61.000
79.000
.90100
29.250
51.900

-1 .51000
-1 .72000
620.00
2.9700
14.800



29.750

-1
-1









-1
-1









-1
-1








 DESCRIPTIVE MEASURES      Grand

 VARIABLE       N   MEAN      STO DEV   SE  OF MEAN  MINIMUM
 HC
 CO
 C02
 NOX
 FC-C
 wa
: DB
 K
 BARO
 HUM
MAXIMUM
12
12
12
12
12
9
9
9
12
9
.42583
.590«3
534.33
2.1392
16.717
62.444
75.778
.95033
29.347
63.800
-1 .
-1 .
50174
14190
-2
-1
48.646
*
1
I
2
.
.
9
48590
.4135
.3333
.48H9
39102
2447*.
.3480




-1


.14A84
.40963
14.043
.14027
.40803
.44444
.82962
.13034
.70650
3.1160
-2
-2





-1
-1

. .36000 -1
.30000 -1
482.00
1.6700
14.300
61.000
73.000
.90100
29.170
51.900
.51000
.80000
620.00
2.9700
18.400
65.000
79.000
1.0050
29.750
76.300
-1
-1









-------
                  Table C-V Summary of SS-60 Data
DESCRIPTIVE MEASURES

VARIABLE        N    MEAN
STRATUM = 1 i  EPA

   STO DEV  SE OF MEAN   MINIMUM
                                                              MAXIMUM
HC
CO
C02
NOX
FC-C
WB
OB
K
BARO
HUH
DESCRIPTIVE
HC
CO
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
.30000
.36667
513.00
3.1367
17.333
63.667
74.500
.96433
29.200
67.367
MEASURES
3
3
.22667
,45667
-1
-1









.15275
6.08?8
.58595
.23094
.36868

.57735

1.3379
STRATUM =
-1
-1
.57735
.21595

-1

-1



-2


2 =
-3
-I

.88192
3.5119
.33830
.13333
.16667

,33333

.76667
Mercedes
.33333
.12468

-2

-1



-2
.


-3
-1
.30000 -1
.20000 -1
505.00
3.0700
17.200
63.500
74.500
.96100
29.200
66.600

.33000 -1
.33000 -1
.30000
.50000
516.00
3.1800
17.600
63.000
74.500
.97100
29.200
68.900

.23000
.66000
-1
-1









-1
-I
C02
NOX
FC-C
WB
DB
K
BARO
HUM
DESCRIPTIVE
HC
CO
C02
NOX
FC-C
WB '
08
K
BARO
HUM
DESCRIPTIVE
HC
CO
C02
NOX
FC-C
WB
08
K
BARO
HUM
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
477.33
1.8967
10.600
69.000
80.667
1.0587
29.293
86,900
MEASURES
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
.21000
.56667
518.00
2.3533
17.133
57.667
80.333
.64100
'39.350
35.000
MEASURES'
3
3
3
3
3
0
0
0
3
0
.36333
.63000
626.33
4.1767
14.200



' 29.730.

13.650
.21502
.53915
- 1.0000
Ii5275
.29501
.5773S
5.6930
STRATUM =
-1 .26458
-1 .50332
1.7321
.66583
.57735
1.5275
• 3.0551
.45826
.20000
1.3748
STRATUM *
-1 .57735
-1 .52915
4.0415
.10116
.10000










-1
-2

3 -
-2
-2

-1
-1


-2
-1

4 a
-3
-2








7.8811
.13414
.30551
.57735
.88192
.17033
.33333
3.2868
Ford
.15275
.29059
1.0000
.38443
.33333
.88192
1.7638
.26458
.11547
.79373
Fiat
.33333
.30551
2.3333
.58405
.57735










-1
-2


-2
-2

-1
-1


-2
-1


-3
-2

-1
-I





468.00
1.6800
18.000
68.000
79.000
1.0250
29.3-90
80.400 •'

.19000 -1
.54000 -1
516.00
2.2BOO
17.100
56.000
77.000
.83600
29.330
33.500
'
.36000 -I
.57000 -1
632.00
4.0600
14.100
*


29.730

493.00
2.1100
19.000
70,000
8^.000
i.oaoo
29.300
91.000

.24000
.64000
519.00
2.4100
17.300
59.000
83.000
.84500
29.370
36.200

.37000
.67000
630.00
4.2400
14.300



29.730










-1
-1









-1
-1








DESCRIPTIVE MEASURES
                           Grand
VARIABLE

HC
CO
C02
NOX
FC-C
W.B.
Da
K
BARO
HUM
               N   MEAN
   STD OEV  SE OF MEAN  MINIMUM
                                                              MAXIMUM
12
12
12
13
12
9
9
9
12
9
.27500 -1
.51000 -1
533.42
2.8908
16.817
63.111
78.500
.95467
39.393
63.089
.65017
.16000
58.706
.90964
1.7023
5.0049
3.4551
.95746
.21077
22.899
-2
-I





.-I


.18769
.46188
16.947
.26359
.49142
1.6683
1.1517
.31915
.60844
7.6330
-2
-2





-1
--1

.19000 -1
.20000 -1
468.00
1.6800
14.100
56.000
74.500
.83600
29.200
33.500
.37000
.67000
630.00
4.2400
19.000
70.000
83.000
1.0800
29.730
91.000
-1
-1









-------
                 Table C-IV Summary of SS-45 Data
DESCRIPTIVE  MEASURES
VARIABLE
                N    MEAN
5THATUM » I •* EPA.

   STO DEV  SE OF MEAN   MINIMUM    MAXIMUM
HC •
CO
C02
NOX
FC-C
WB
OB
K
8*RO
HUM
DESCRIPTIVE
HC ...
CO .
C02
HOX
FC-C
Wd
DU
K
BARO
HUM
DESCRIPTIVE
HC
CO
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
.36667
.20000
477.33
.98667
18.600
62.667
74.500
.96433
29.200
67.367
MEASURES
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
.28333
.53000
462.33
.73667
19.133
67.167
77.667
1.0547
29.293
06.200
MEASURES
3
3
.29667
.53000
-1
-1








.57735
.17321
8.9629
.14742
.34641
.28868

.57735

1.3279
STRATUM =
-1
-1








.11547
.36056
2.68*8
.16930
.57735
1.7559
1.5275
.22030
.57735
4.1761
f
STRATUM =
-1
-1
.15275
.11000
-2
-1





-2


2
-2
-2


-1


-1
-2

3
-2
-1
.33333
.10000
5.1747
.85114
.20000
.16667

.33333.

.76667
-2
-1

-1



-2


.30000 -1
0.
467.00
.82000
19.400
62.500
74.500
.96100
29.200
66.600
.40000
.30000
483.00
1.1000
19.000
63.000
74.500
.97100
29.200
68.900
-1
-1








= Mercedes
.66667
.20817
1.6667
.10929
.33333
1.0138
.88192
.12719
.33333
2.4111
s Ford
.88192
.63509.
-3
-2


-1


-1
-2 '


-3
-2
.27000 -1
.50000 -1
459.00
.52000
19.100
65.500
76.000
1.0400
29.290
83.400

.28000 -1
.42000 -1
.29000
.57000
464.00
.87000
19.200
69.000
79.000
1.0800
. 29.300
91.000

.31000
.64000
-.1
•*%•









-1
-1
C02
NOX
FC-C
wa
Da
K
BARO
HUM
DESCRIPTIVE
HC
CO
C02
NOX
FC-C
WB
DB
K
BARO
HUM
3
3
3
3
3
-3
3
3
465.33
.68000
19.067
57.667
80.333
.84100
29.350
35.000
MEASURES
3
3
3
3
3
0
0
- 0
3
1 0
.40667
.48000
544.00
1.0667
16.300



29.730

4
.
.
1
3
.
.
1
.7258
72111
20817
.5275
.0551
45826
20000
.3748
STRATUM »
-1 .
-1 .
2
.
*





20817
70000
.6458
72342
10000






-1



-2
-1.

4 =
-2
-2

-1






2.7285
.41633
.12019
.88)92
1.7630
.26458
.11547
.79373
Fiat
.12019
.40415
1.5275
.41767
.57735






-1



-2
-1


-2
-2

-1
-1





460.00
.62000
18.900
56.000
77.000
.83600
29.330
-33.500

.39000 -1
.40000 -1
541.00
1.0200
16.200



29.730

469.00
.76000
19.300
59.000
83.000
.84500
29.370
36.200

.43000
.53000
546.00
1.1500
16.400



29.730










-1
-1








DESCRIPTIVE MEASURES  .

VARIABLE        N    MEAN
HC
CO
C02
NOX
FC-C
wa
08  '
K
BARO
HUM
Grand

   STD OEV  SE OF MEAN  MINIMUM
MAXIMUM
12
12
12
12
12
9
9
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-------
               D
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-------
         Table  D-l.   Confidence Level (C.L.) and Coefficients
    of Ambient Effects on 1975 Hot-start Emissions and Fuel Economy
1 • •
t
R.V.IU oui
Variable
I.)rv Bulb
C.L., Z
Cof.t ftcient
C ' L "y
Coefficient
Mumidity
C.L., %
Coefficient
Dependent Variable
HC
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91
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-------
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-------
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-------