\
 01
 C3
            OCEAN DISPOSAL
        IN THE NEW YORK BIGHT
      TECHNICAL  BRIEFING REPORT
               NUMBER 2
  U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
             REGION II
    SURVEILLANCE & ANALYSIS DIVISION

             APRIL 1975

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                    CONTENTS


                                               Page

Contents 	     1

Summary  ------ 	 - 	 _______     2

Introduction -------------- 	     4

Volumes & Characteristics of Waste
  Materials Dumped -------------     5
Long-Range Goal for Phase Out of
  Ocean Disposal in New York Bight
   by 1981	    21

Technical Findings 	    65
   (Preliminary Data Subject to  Revision)

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                                   SUMMARY


     The Environmental Protection Agency, Region II, has expressed its
desire to halt"iridiscriminamt dumping' of waste materials in The marine
environment on a number of occasions since assuming in April 1973 its
mandate "to prevent or strictly regulate" ocean dumping under the Marine
Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972  (Public Law 92-532).
Over the past two years, the Region has implemented a series of programs
(Table 8) with the stated ultimate goal for the phase out of ocean dump-
ing of both industrial and municipal wastes in the New York Bight by
1981.

     The initial phase of this comprehensive program was to establish a
permit program which included the regulation of waste approved for dumping
at designated sites, and the permit requirement for the submission of an
implementation schedule or engineering studies leading to the phasing out
of ocean dumping within a finite time period.  A listing of the existing
ocean disposal permits, and detailed descriptions of waste volumes and
characteristics are included in this report for public review.  These data
indicate a decrease in volumes of both municipal sludges, from 5.6 million
cubic yards in 1973 to 4.8 million in 1974, and industrial wastes, from
3.8 million cubic yards in 1973 to 3.6 million in 1974.  Most of the re-
duction in sewage sludge volumes is attributable to construction and repair
operations at several New York City treatment plants.  The reduction in in-
dustrial wastes was small; however, under implementation schedules an addi-
tional 12 industrial dumpers will be phased out during 1975 resulting in a
three hundred thousand cubic yard reduction.

     An additional step in the Region's program to phase out ocean dumping
was the initiation in 1974 of an EPA-funded investigation by the Interstate
Sanitation Commission to identify environmentally acceptable, technically
feasible, and viable alternatives to ocean disposal.  The first quarterly
report of this investigation titled, "New York-New Jersey Metropolitan Area
Sewage Sludge Disposal Management Program", is included in this report.
In this quarterly report is an outline of the technical investigation to
be accomplished in this evaluation of alternatives.

     A comprehensive sampling program was initiated in April 1974 to moni-
tor the chemical and bacteriological quality of water and bottom sediments
in the apex of the New York Bight and along the beaches of Long Island and
New Jersey.  Data collected in this sampling program is augmented by data
collected by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),
State, and local agencies.  Results of this monitoring program indicate that
water along the Long Island and New Jersey beaches is safe for contact rec-
reation and that the leading edge of the sludge mass associated with the
sewage sludge dump site is still located approximately 5 1/2 - 6 miles from
the Long Island shoreline.  Plans are being formulated to expand this moni-
toring program to include the collection of samples for virological analyses.

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     The most recent phase was the decision to terminate use of the existing
12-mile sewage sludge dump site in 1976 and move to an alternate site(s).
Although an alternate dump site(s) has not yet been selected, two areas
designated by EPA and NOAA are being studied for interim use pending
completion and implementation of an environmentally acceptable alternative.
In accord with regional policy, a notice of intent to prepare an environ-
mental impact statement (EIS) for the designation of an "interim" sewage
sludge dump site or sites in the New York Bight was issued in January 1975.
This notice reported that Dames and Moore of New York City had been awarded
a contract in December 1974 to prepare the EIS.  Documents relative to the
decision to move the dump site and prepare an EIS are presented herein.

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                             INTRODUCTION
     EPA, Region II has prepared this report entitled, "Ocean Disposal
in the New York Bight, Technical Briefing Report Number 2" in continu-
ance of its policy to maximize the distribution of information concern-
ing its environmental programs to the public and other interested parties.
The .purpose of this report is to provide updated technical information
gathered during the Region's monitoring program in the Bight and to supple-
ment facts and figures released in earlier reports.

     To date, the Region has released three similar reports containing
information on implementing its mandated responsibilities under the
Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972.  The titles
and release dates of these earlier reports are as follows:

          Ocean Dumping in the New York Bight - Facts & Figures -
          July 1973

          Briefing Report - Ocean Dumping in the New York Bight
          Since 1973 - April 1974

          Ocean Disposal in the New York Bight Technical Briefing
          Report Number 1 - July 1974

     Any specific questions relative to data presented should be directed
to Mr. Peter W. Anderson, Environmental Protection Agency, Region II,
Surveillance and Analysis Division, Edison, N.J.  08817.

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                    VOLUMES AND CHARACTERISTICS
                     OF WASTE MATERIALS DUMPED
     A total of 14.6 million cubic yards of waste materials were
disposed of in the New York Bight during 1974.  Municipal sludges
amounted to 4.9 million cubic yards, of which 49 percent was from
New York City, 43 percent from sources in New Jersey, and the re-
mainder from Nassau and Westchester Counties in New York State.
Industrial wastes amounted to 3.6 million cubic yards.  The re-
mainder, 6.1 million cubic yards, resulted from the disposal of
dredged spoils (84 percent) and construction debris (16 percent).

     A graph summarizing the volumes of waste materials disposed
of in the Bight during 1960-74 is presented in Figure 1.  Also
summarized in tabular form are the following:

       Table 1 - Volumes of Waste Materials Dumped into the
                 New York Bight (by dump site) — 1960-74

       Table 2 - Volumes of Waste Materials Dumped into the
                 New York Bight (by permittee) — 1973-74

       Table 3 - Waste Characteristics (by permittee) - 1973

       Table 4 - Waste Characteristics (by permittee) - 1974

       Table 5 - List of Municipal Dumpers in New York

       Table 6 - List of Municipal Dumpers in New Jersey

       Table 7 - List of Industrial Dumpers

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                                 NEW YORK BIGHT-WASTE DUMPING
   15 1
   12 -
   10 -
    9 -
    8 -
U   7 -

Z
O
                                                                15.1
5   5-
o
>   4 -
    3 -
    2 -
    1 -
12.7
                                                                                 DREDGE SPOILS
                                                                                     SEWAGE SLUDGE
                                                                                    • CHEMICAL & ACID WASTES
            I      I     I      I      I     1      I     I      I     I      I     I      I     I

     1960  1961  1962  1963  1964  1965  1966  1967 1968  1969  1970  1971   1972  .1973  1974
                             CALENDER YEAR
                                                         OCEAN DUMPING BILL - OCT. 1972

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                                                       TABLE 1
Mud (Dredge Spoils)




Sewage Sludge




Chemical Wastes




Acid Wastes




Cellar Dirt
Mud (Dredge Spoils)




Sewage Sludge




Chemical Wastes




Acid Wastes




Cellar Dirt
VOLUMES OF WASTE MATERIALS DUMPED INTO
(By Dump Site)
THE NEW YORK
BIGHT


(Cubic Yards)

5
3

3


6
4

3

1960
,611,174
,819,855
-
,071,000
738,000
1968
,361,000
,481,000
83,000
,143,000
400,000
1961
6,238,
3,354,
7,
3,100,
810,
1969
9,880,
4,455,
86,
3,054,
632,
000
000
000
000
000

o'oo
000
000
000
000
1962
8,816,
3,626,
13,
2,551,
807,
1970
4,905,
5,287,
160,
2,605,
796,
000
000
000
000
000

000
000
000
000
000
1963
7,186,
4,259,
690,
5,797,
988,
1971
15,062,
3,830,
222,
2,828,
676,

000
000
000
000
000

000
000
000
000
000
1964
8,540,000
4,078,000
-
3,310,000
756,000
1972
12,785,000
3,955,000
943,000
3,112,000
969,000
1965
6,480,000
3,863,000
-
2,634,000
912,000
1973
8,130,000
5,600,000
664,000
3,136,000
827,000
1966
5,687,000
4,201,000
-
2,857,000
319,000
1974
5,113,000
4,860,000
585,000
2,970,000
1,048,000
1967
9,214,000
4,265,000
150
2,297,000
509,000






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                                   TABLE 2

          VOLUMES OF WASTE MATERIALS DUMPED INTO THE NEW YORK BIGHT
                               (By Permittee)
                                (Cubic Yards)
 N.J. MUNICIPALITIES
 Bergen County Sewer Authority
 Joint Meeting of Essex & Union Counties
 Joint Venture
 Linden Roselle Sewerage Authority
 Middlesex County Sewerage Authority
 Middletown Sewerage Authority
 Passaic Valley Sewerage Commissioners
 Modern Transportation Company
                                                    1973
  285,000
  121,000
   37,000
   63,000
  402,000
   22,000
  702,000
  308,000
1,940,000
                     1974
  237,000
  138,000
   41,000
   82,000
  427,000
   13,000
  750,000
  383.000
2,071,000
 N.Y. MUNICIPALITIES
 City of Long Beach
 Nassau County
 Westchester County
 West Long Beach Sewer  District
 City of New York -
   Bowery Bay
   Coney Island
   Hunts Point
   Jamaica
   Owls Head
   Newtown Creek
   Port Richmond
   Rockaway
   Tallman Island
   Wards Island
   26th Ward
   24,000
  293,000
  100,000
    4,000

  448,000
  146,000
  285,000
  234,000
  219,000
1,162,000
   28,000
   35,000..
   85,000
  512,000
   77,000
3,652,000
   24,000
  295,000
  100,000
    4,000

  225,000
  113,000
  108,000
  170,000
   99,000
  973,000
   32,000
   59,000
   23,000
  487,000
   83,000
2,795,000
 INDUSTRIES

 DuPont
 Chevron
 Hess Oil
 American Cyanamid
 NL Industries
Allied Chemical
Modern Transportation Company
292,000
41,000
9,000
151,000
3, 136 i 000
68,000
100,000
268,000
32,000
—
167,000
2,970,000
69,000
49.000
                                                 3,697,000
                  3,555,000

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TABLE 3
WASTE CHARACTERISTICS
(By Permittee)
Concentration Averages
(ug/1)
1973


Modern Trans (Munic)
Bergen County SA
Joint Meeting
Linden Roselle SA
Middlesex CSA
Middletown SA
Passaic Valley SC
City of Long Beach
Nassau County
Westchester County
West Long Beach SD
Bowery Bay - NYC
Coney Island - NYC
333
628
2,524
784
1,225
11
1,313
49
.7
161
580
413
566
Cd
5,217
1,379
7,501
5,369
5,304
34
9,925
184
1,426
2,684
340
1,103
493
Oil
3,141
570
1,839
39,483
1,502
-
494
2,259
2,410
1,834
128
1,149
1,817
As
145
95
98
23
132
3
391
500
50
a
<10
300,250
168,750
Pb
1,920
30,156
96,625
43,750
20,893
28
67,000
6,000
8,700
9,800
11,800
31,750
46,500
Cu
13,830
52,440
156,530
143,750
40,560
2,210
59,960
9,600
23,380
375,000
13 , 500
64,380
70,130
Zn Se
662,100 205
192,090 <10
292,380 21
423,750 1,937
135,380 9
8,620
278,880 15
26,600 400
25,000 5
192,000 12,000
48,400 <10
87,310 182,500
167,000 140,630
V
240
294
<200
<500
919
-
<200
550
2,000
<200
500
1,131
1,062
Be
47
16
34
41
<17
-
18
<100
<40
<133
12
22
22
Cr
2,855
366,130
117,690
58,630
14,610
1,300
112,800
1,140
23,230
22,000
1,920
43,130
16,280
NI
788
10,750
22,710
38,750
6,439
2,110
21,360
600
2,240
8,100
10,000
7,900
8,240

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TABLE 3 (Continued)
(ug/1)

Hunts Point - NYC :
Jamaica - NYC
Owl's Head - NYC
Port Richmond - NYC
Rockaway - NYC
Tallman Island - NYC
Wards Island - NYC
26th Ward - NYC
Newtown Creek - NYC
Joint Venture
Modern (Ind)
E. I. DuPont
Chevron
Hess
American Cyanamid
NL Industries
Allied Chemical
TJ —
529
884
336
217
604
449
223
715
468
104
550
15
193
<.25
71
<2.4
10
Cd
253
643
959
188
333
560
195
4,854
4,356
442
5,251
93
<6
113
5
<390
17
Oil
(me/D
878
1,420
846
929
1,460
1,159
883
3,437
942
4,803
1,417
-
49
31,542
-
-
_
As
215,630
153,130
143,750
143,130
152,690
177,500
200,000
150,000
218,750
<7
44
<3
1,350
<3
827
30
8
Pb
30,030
51,330
41,500
22,500
36,810
23,780
33,580
98,700
160,630
1,475
4,879
540
1,650
1,100
442
1,648
23
Cu
45,000
72,500
48,000
19,240
96,130
49,380
66,750
64,500
57,500
6,226
31,355
434
458
220
113
7,297
83
Zn
52,750
134,750
65,630
53,000
166,500
112,688
60,313
116,063
82,813
1,472
305,520
462
197
1,180
1,595
24,650
93
Se
168,750
177,500
143,750
133,750
140,130
130,000
156,250
240,625
184,375
313
894
592
400
<50
47
<5,000
102
V
1,012
837
419
406
741
819
1,203
1,916
459
76
370
<200
197
<200
166
74,507
<200
Be
18
25
14
15
18
17
14
26
16
123
188
<14
<55
<20
<11
11
<17
Cr
17,580
27,130
20,350
3,360
11,910
29,750
26,975
28,600
64,950
1,304
11,706
380
63
580
1,117
14,236
<20
Ni
4,430
11,060
5,750
2,360
3,310
23,000
2,500
61,013
7,925
617
1,785
720
452
200
3,433
5,840
160

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TABLE 4
WASTE CHARACTERISTICS
(By Permittee)
Concentration Averages
(ug/1)
1974

Modern Trans (Munic)
Bergen County SA
Joint Meeting
Linden Roselle SA
Middlesex CSA
Middletown SA
Passaic Valley SC
City of Long Beach
Nassau County
Westchester County
West Long Beach SD
Bowery Bay
Coney Island
Hunts Point
Jamaica
Hq
143
1,314
852
290
170
136
1,110
380
<5
1,674
-
465
310
<50
215
Cd
7,151
17,903
6,263
3,757
2,621
268
11,375
410
130
5,981
-
1,230
380
338
430
Oil
(mg/1)
947
1,493
9,200
28,313
720
3,654
11,898
5,400
2,114
4,437
-
4,465
6,735
2,435
5,870
As
<20
<30
15
<19
46
<17
81
<4,000
<1
4,000
-
2,400
2,400
2,000
2,500
Pb
11,936
42,336
45,708
23,714
97,950
5,425
164,748
-
8,100
33,000
-
56,000
66,000
26,000
38,000
Cu
33,499
73,375
95,980
106,814
52,953
19,050
44,806
-
24,200
53,000
-
119,000
106,000
38,000
65,000
Zn Se
101,771 <59
106,711 28
102,602 8
254,194 <680
233,998 <8
44,250 <480
277,793 <9
-
22,900 <65
74,000 <10
-
143,000 9,900
101,000 5,030
40,000 6,800
90,000 11,500
V
<485
<445
<550
<314
<560
<200
<200
-
480
<80
-
1,800
2,000
1,500
1,200
Be
<260
<20
<20
<23
<20
<18
<20
-
<40*
<240
-
40
40
33
36
Cr
8,200
194,883
62,978
42,829
33,358
15,700
99,628
-
-
11,300
-
64,000
10,000
7,400
14,000
Ni
5,704
15,168
5,989
9,143
9,730
725
13,814
-
2,240
4,000
-
17,000
9,900
3,200
14,000

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TABLE 4 (Continued)
(ug/1)

Owl's Head
Port Richmond
Rockaway
Tallman Island
Wards Island
26th Ward
Newtown Creek
Joint Venture
Modern Trans. (Ind)
E . I . DuPont
Chevron
American Cyanamid
NL Industries
Allied Chemical
260
260
315
630
135
475
145
15.3
45
12.5
26.3
18.3
<5
10.3
Cd
600
88
435
240
230
1,185
1,465
4.1
33.5
121
158
2.0
<500
<20
Oil
(mg/1)
4,755 9,
9,560 1,
2,815 1,
3,020 5,
4,435
14,050 6,
4,300
4.45
249
12.8
107
435
2.4
<1.0
As
500
500
400
700
170
800
960
30
<20
9.6
487
324
31.0
780
Pb
34,000
16,000
64,000
84,000
30,000
100,000
284,000
15,300
38,740
421
2,386
70.5
1,498
123
Cu
103,000
16,000
173,000
108,000
56,000
79,000
65,000
2,300
23,725
421
1,143
38
3,848
83.1
Zn
112,000
46,000
134,000
120,000
41,000
111,000
76,000
30,800
410,500
829
2,557
257
22,923
104
Se
8,500
6,900
6,300
20,000
5,600
6,500
13,100
140
<100
<100
<50
5.8
<5,000
<20
V
2,200
1,000
2,600
1,700
1,000
2,800
1,400
<1,000
<500
<200
-
<200
74,465
<200
Be
45
36
54
37
42
46
36
<20
<500
24
<50
<20
20
20
Cr
30,000
1,700
14,500
40,000
12,000
34,000
95,000
710
1,462
434
557
360
14,517
41
Ni
8,500
2,100
6,000
84,000
2,200
7,200
13,500
1,000
4,800
813
457
487
7,713
104

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             TABLE  5

   New York Municipal Permits
(Effective as of April 1,  1975)
Permit No.
NY007
NY009
NY028
NY029
NY031
NY047
NY048
Waste Generator
City of Long Beach
City of New York
Wards Island Plant
County of Nassau
Dept. of Public
Works
County of Westches-
ter, Dept. of
Public Works
West Long Beach
Sewer District
City of New York
Hunts Pt. Plant
City of New York
26th Ward Plant
Waste Transporter
General Marine Transpor-
tation Corp.
City of New York
General Marine Transpor-
tation & Ocean Disposal
Co. , Inc.
McAllister Brothers,
Inc.
General Marine Transpor-
tation Corp.
City of New York
City of New York
Type
Interim Special
Interim Special
Interim
Interim Special
Interim Special
Interim
Interim Special
Interim Special
Interim
Interim Special
Interim Special
Interim
Interim Special
Interim Special
Interim
Interim Special
Interim Special
Interim
Interim Special
Interim Special
Interim
Dump Site
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Expiration Date
7/30/73
4/15/74
4/14/75
6/22/73
4/15/74
4/14/75
7/17/73
4/15/74
4/14/75
7/30/73
4/15/74
4/14/75
7/31/73
4/15/74
4/14/75
6/22/73
4/15/74
4/14/75
6/22/73
4/15/74
4/14/75

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                                                 TABLE  5  (Cont)
Permit No.  Waste Generator
                        Waste Transporter
                                                                  Type
                                              Dump  Site
                               Expiration Date
NY049
NY050
NY051
NY052
NY053
NY054
NY055
NY056
City of New York City of New York
Coney Is. Plant
City of New York City of New York
Owls Head Plant
City of New York City of New York
Newtown Creek
Plant
City of New York City of New York
Jamaica Plant
City of New York City of New York
Tallman Island
Plant
City of New York City of New York
Bowery Bay
Plant
City of New York City of New York
Rockaway Plant
City of New York City of New York
Port Richmond
Plant
Interim Special
Interim Special
Interim
Interim Special
Interim Special
Interim
Interim Special
Interim Special
Interim
Interim Special
Interim Special
Interim
Interim Special
Interim Special
Interim
Interim Special
Interim Special
Interim
Interim Special
Interim Special
Interim
Interim Special
Interim Special
Interim
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
6/18/73
4/15/74
4/14/75
6/28/73
4/15/74
4/14/75
6/28/73
4/15/74
4/14/75
7/17/73
4/15/74
4/14/75
7/17/73
4/15/74
4/14/75
7/17/73
4/15/74
4/14/75
7/20/73
4/15/74
4/14/75
7/20/73
4/15/74
4/14/75
NY068
City of Glen Cove
Modern Transportation Co.
Interim
Sewage Sludge
4/14/75

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             TABLE 6
 New Jersey Municipal Permits
(Effective as of April 1, 1975)
Permit No.
NJ002
NJ003
NJ008
NJ017
NJ019
NJ021
Waste Generator
Twp. of Middletown
Sewerage Auth.
Passaic Valley
Sewerage
Commissioners
Middlesex County
Sewerage Auth.
Modern Transporta-
tion Co.
Bergen County
Sewer Auth.
The Linden Roselle
Sewerage Auth.
Waste Transporter
General Marine Transpor-
tation Co.
A&S Transportation Co.
& Weeks Dredging &
Contracting Corp .
A&S Transportation
Company
Modern Transportation
Co.
A&S Transportation Co.
A&S1- Transportation Co.-
Ocean Disposal Co., Inc.
Type
Interim Special
Interim Special
Interim
Interim Special
Interim Special
Interim
Interim Special
Interim Special
Interim
Interim Special
Interim Special
Interim
Interim Special
Interim Special
Interim
Interim Special
Interim Special
Interim
Dump Site
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Expiration Date
7/22/73
4/15/74
4/14/75
6/28/73
4/15/74
4/14/75
7/17/73
4/15/74
4/14/75
8/3/73
4/15/74
4/14/75
7/20/73
4/15/74
4/14/75
7/20/73
4/15/74
4/14/75

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                                                 TABLE 6 (Cont)
Permit No.  Waste Generator
                        Waste Transporter
                                Type
                  Dump  Site
                  Expiration Date
NJ022
NJ069
NJ092
NJ103
The Joint Meeting
 of Essex & Union
  Counties

Borough of Fairfield
William Schaefer
Caldwell Trucking
                                  Ocean Disposal Co. Inc.
                                   & A&S Transportation Co.
General Marine Trans-
 port Co.

General Marine Trans-
 port Co.

General Marine Trans-
 port Co.
Interim Special
Interim Special
    Interim

    Interim
    Interim
    Interim
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge

Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
Sewage Sludge
7/30/73
4/15/74
4/14/75

4/14/75
7/14/75
7/14/75

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TABLE 7
Industrial Permits
(Effective as of April 1, 1975)
Permit No.
NJ001
NJ004
NJ006
NJ010
NJ011
NJ014
NY023
Waste Generator
American Cyanamid Co.
Warners Plant
Allied Chemical Corp.
Specialty Chemicals
Division
E.I.duPont De Nemours
& Co. .Grasselli Pit.
Merck & Co.
Chevron Oil Co.
NL Industries
Titanium Pigment
Div.
Mo ran Towing Corp.
Disposal Div.
Waste Transporter
Spentonbush Transport
Service Co. Inc.
Allied Chemical Corp.
Spentonbush Transport
Service Co. Inc.
Modern Transportation
Co.
Spentonbush Transport
Service Co. Inc.
Moran Towing & Trans-
portation Co. Inc.
Moran Towing & Trans-
portation Co. Inc.
Type
Interim Special
Interim Special
Interim
Interim Special
Interim Special
Interim
Interim Special
Interim Special
Interim
Interim
Interim Special
Interim Special
Interim
Interim Special
Interim
Interim Special
Special
Dump Site
106 Mile
106 Mile
106 Mile
Acid Grounds
Acid Grounds
Acid Grounds
Acid Grounds
Acid Grounds
106 Mile
106 Mile
106 Mile
106 Mile
106 Mile
Acid Grounds
Acid Grounds
Cellar Dirt
Cellar Dirt
Expiration Date
7/20/73
7/15/74
7/14/75
7/20/73
10/31/74
7/14/75
6/28/73
10/31/74
7/14/75
7/14/75
7/30/73
7/15/74
7/14/75
10/31/74
7/14/75
5/15/74
5/14/75

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                                                    TABLE 7  (Cont)
00
Permit No.
NJ033
NJ063
NJ065
NJ066
NY067
NJ070
NJ071
NJ072
NJ073
Waste Generator
Amerada Hess Corp.
Hess Oil & Chem. Div.
Whippany Paper Board
Co., Inc.
Sob in Chemicals Inc.
Montrose Chem. Div.
International Wire
Products Co.
Water Tunnel Contrac-
tors (Joint Venture)
Mycalex Corp.
Arrow Group Indus-
tries, Inc.
Howmet Corp.
Worthington Biochem-
Waste Transporter
Spentonbush Transport
Service Co., Inc.
Modern Transportation
Co.
Modern Transportation
Co.
Modern Transportation
Co.
Moran Towing & Transport
Co. , Inc.
Modern Transportation
Co.
Modern Transportation
Co.
Modern Transportation Co.
Modern Transportation Co.
Type
Interim Special
Interim Special
Interim
Interim
Interim
Interim
Special
Interim
Interim
Interim
Interim
Dump Site
106 Mile
106 Mile
106 Mile
106 Mile
106 Mile
106 Mile
Cellar Dirt
106 Mile
106 Mile
106 Mile
106 Mile
Expiration Date
8/29/73
7/15/74
7/14/75
7/14/75
7/14/75
7/14/75
5/14/75
7/14/75
7/14/75
7/14/75
5/31/75
                 ical Corp.
    NJ074
Reheis Chemical Co.    Modern Transportation Co.
Interim
106 Mile
7/14/75

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                                                TABLE 7  (Cont)
Permit No.
NJ076
NJ077
NJ078
NJ079
NJ081
NJ082
NJ083
NJ084
NJ085
NJ086
NJ093
NJ096
Waste Generator
M/M Mars
The Coca-Cola Co.
Curtiss-Wright Corp.
Eagle Extrusion Corp.
Norda Inc.
S.B. Penick & Co.
Solvents Recovery
Service of N.J.,Inc.
Tenco Division of
Coca-Cola Co.
The Nestle Co. Inc.
U.S. Radium Corp.
Warner-Lambert Co.
Blue Ridge-Winkler
Waste Transporter
Modern Transportation Co.
Modern Transportation Co.
Modern Transportation Co.
Modern Transportation Co.
Modern Transportation Co.
Modern Transportation Co.
Modern Transportation Co.
Modern Transportation Co.
Modern Transportation Co.
Modern Transportation Co.
Modern Transportation Co.
Modern Transportation Co.
Type
Interim
Interim
Interim
Interim
Interim
Interim
Interim
Interim
Interim
Interim
Interim
Interim
Dump Site
106 Mile
106 Mile
106 Mile
106 Mile
106 Mile
106 Mile
106 Mile
106 Mile
106 Mile
106 Mile
106 Mile
106 Mile
Expiration Date
7/14/75
7/14/75
7/14/75
7/14/75
7/14/75
7/14/75
7/14/75
7/14/75
7/14/75
7/14/75
7/14/75
7/14/75
NJ097
 Textiles

Pfizer Inc. Leeming/
 Pacquin Division
Modern Transportation Co,
Interim
106 Mile
7/14/75

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                                                      TABLE  7  (Cont)
to
o
Permit No. Waste Generator
NJ098
NJ099
NJ100
NJ101
NJ102
NJ106
NJ107
NJ109
PA110
J.T. Baker Chem-
ical Co.
Fritsche Dodge &
Olcott
Evor Phillips Leas-
ing Co. Inc.
Riegal Products Co.
Keuffel & Esser Co.
American Cyanamid Co.
Agricultural Div.
Modern Transporta-
tion Co.
S . B . Thomas , Inc .
Crompton & Knowles
Waste Transporter
Modern Transportation Co,
Modern Transportation Co.
Modern Transportation Co.
Modern Transportation Co.
Modern Transportation Co.
Modern Transportation Co.
Modern Transportation Co.
General Marine Transport Inc.
Modern Transportation Co.
Type
Interim
Interim
Interim
Interim
Interim
Interim
Interim
Interim
Interim
Dump Site Expiration Date
106 Mile
106 Mile
106 Mile
106 Mile
106 Mile
Sewage Sludge
106 Mile
106 Mile
106 Mile
7/14/75
7/14/75
7/14/75
7/14/75
7/14/75
7/14/75
8/31/75
8/31/75
2/16/76
                  Corp.

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               LONG-RANGE GOAL FOR PHASE OUT OF OCEAN
                 DISPOSAL IN NEW YORK BIGHT BY 1981
     In accordance with its mandated responsibilities under the
Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 "to prevent
or strictly limit the dumping into ocean waters of any material which
would adversely affect human health, welfare, or amenities, or the
marine environment, ecological systems, or economic potentialities,"
EPA, Region II has committed itself to an orderly and environmentally
acceptable plan with the ultimate goal of phasing out ocean disposal
of both industrial and municipal wastes by 1981.  The programs initi-
ated to date under this plan are contained in Table 8.

     Included in this section for general information are reproductions
of the following correspondence:

     1.  A letter of modification to municipalities in the New York
Metropolitan area that ocean dumping permits will not be renewed for
the continued use of the existing sewage sludge dump site in the latter
part of 1976.

     2.  The notice of intent to prepare an environmental impact state-
ment for the designation of an "interim" sewage sludge dump site or
sites in the New York Bight.

     3.  A letter of notification to the U.S. Army, Corps of Engineers
concerning the continued use of the present dredged spoil dump site.

     4.  A letter of notification to existing ocean dumping permittees
concerning the designation of the "most appropriate marine sensitive
organism(s)" for use in the determination of waste toxicity.

     5.  Statement presented by EPA at the New York State Select
Committee on Environmental Conservation hearing on February 20, 1975.

     6.  Statement presented by NOAA at the New York State Select
Committee on Environmental Conservation hearing on February 20, 1975.

     7.  First quarterly report on Interstate Sanitation Commission's
New York-New Jersey Metropolitan Area Sewage Sludge Disposal Management
Program.
                                 21

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                                   TABLE  8

                            PROGRAMS INITIATED



1970 -  N.Y. BIGHT STUDY BY COE-NOAA

1971 -  EPA CONDITIONS MUNICIPAL-FACILITIES CONSTRUCTION GRANTS

1972 -  EPA-OCEAN COUNTY INITIATE "LAND RECYCLING" STUDY:
        $200,000, 3 YEARS

     -  EPA-NERC INITIATES EXPERIMENTAL MODELING STUDIES

1973 -  OCEAN DUMPING BILL EFFECTIVE - EPA PERMIT PROGRAM STARTED

     -  EPA SEGREGATES INDUSTRIAL & MUNICIPAL WASTES AND ASSIGNS
        TO SPECIFIC SITES

1974 -  EIGHT (8) INDUSTRIAL PERMITS/APPLICATIONS DENIED OR WITHDRAWN

     -  FORTY-SEVEN (47) INDUSTRIAL DUMPERS PHASED OUT

     -  TWELVE (12) INDUSTRIAL DUMPERS REQUIRED TO PHASE OUT BY 6/75

     -  MUNICIPALITIES NOTIFIED OF MOVING TO ALTERNATE SITE DURING
        SECOND HALF OF '76

     -  EPA INITIATES THREE-PHASE MONITORING PROGRAM IN N.Y. BIGHT

     -  NOAA INITIATES FIELD STUDIES OF ALTERNATE SITES FOR EIS

     -  EPA-ISC INITIATE "ENVIRONMENTALLY ACCEPTABLE ALTERNATIVE"
        STUDY: $200,000, 2 YEARS

     -•• EPA NOTIFIES COE OF 'SITE CHANGE FOR DREDGE SPOIL

     -  EPA-RAYTHEON CORPORATION INITIATE THREE CRUISE BASELINE
        STUDY IN ALTERNATE SITE:  $540,000, 2 YEARS

     -  FIVE (5)  ENFORCEMENT PROCEEDINGS INITIATED

     -  INDUSTRIES REQUIRED TO SUBMIT IMPLEMENTATION PLANS OR
        ENGINEERING REPORTS FOR THE COMPLETE PHASE OUT OF
        OCEAN DUMPING
                                    22

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                             TABLE 8 (Cont)
1975 -  EPA-DAMES AND MOORE INITIATE PREPARATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL
        IMPACT STATEMENT FOR NEW INTERIM SEWAGE SLUDGE SITE:
        $150,000, 2  YEARS

     -  EPA DESIGNATES "MOST APPROPRIATE MARINE SENSITIVE
        ORGANISM(S)" FOR USE IN  BIOASSAY REPORTS WITHIN
        REGION II

     -  EPA INITIATES VIROLOGY STUDIES IN N.Y.  BIGHT

     -  EPA-NOAA-ISC INITIATE EXPANDED FIELD STUDIES OF ALTERNATE
        SITES  FOR EIS:   $130,000, 1 YEAR

     -  THREE  (3)  ENFORCEMENT PROCEEDINGS INITIATED
                                 23

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        UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                                  REGION II
                              26 FEDERAL PLAZA
                         NEW YORK, NEW YORK 1OOO7

                              October 2, 1974
     Earlier this year we notified you of our intention of moving the
sewage sludge disposal site from its present location, 12 miles off
the coast, to a new location approximately 65 miles from the apex of
the New York Bight.  Our position on the use of a site(s), within the
designated areas is now f irm; therefore, in 1976 your ocean disposal
permit will not be renewed for the continued use of the present site.
The specific location of the new "interim" site(s), will be designated
in 1975, and will be used until such time as environmentally acceptable
alternatives are implemented.  The attached map provides specific details
on the location of the new designated areas.

     As you know, EPA and NOAA's monitoring studies still continue to
indicate that use of the present sewage sludge site does not pose any
immediate threat to the waters of Long Island or New Jersey.  It is our
opinion, however, that the existing site cannot accommodate the antici-
pated three-fold increase in the volume of sludge, which will result
from an upgrading of treatment facilities in this area.  Thus, until
satisfactory alternate means of disposal are developed, a new "interim"
ocean disposal site(s) must be used.

     Studies to support an Environmental Impact Statement, which must be
undertaken before any new site can be utilized, have already been initiated.
Various sites within both designated areas are being investigated, thus,
pending completion of these studies, the actual site(s) cannot be selected.
If for some reason sites within these areas are found to be unsuitable for
the disposal of sludge, sites outside of these areas, however within the
same "steaming distance", will be selected and available by 1976.

     A detailed study aimed at evaluating the possible alternatives to
ocean disposal in the greater New York-New Jersey Metropolitan area has
already been initiated.  Should this investigation demonstrate that other
alternatives are viable, technically feasible and environmentally accept-
able,  our goal will be to phase out ocean disposal by 1981.
                                     24

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                                   -2-

     If your agency plans on continuing ocean disposal in 1976, you
 should immediately make the necessary commitments in terms of funding,
 contracts and/or equipment, to meet this new requirement.  Our position
 not to reissue permits for the present disposal site in 1976 is firm.

     You are reminded that designations of a new disposal site in no way
 eliminates or reduces your responsibility 	 financial or technical 	
 for monitoring the impact of your disposal operations,  as required under
 Section 228 of the Ocean Dumping Regulations.  This self-monitoring pro-
 gram will be implemented as soon as final regulations are promulgated.

     If you have any questions concerning details of this decision,
 please contact Richard T.  Dewling,  Director,  Surveillance & Analysis
 Division, Edison, N.J. at 201-548-3347,  Ext.  401.

                                      Sincerely yours,
                                      Gerald M. Hansler,  P.E.
                                      Regional Administrator

Enclosure
                                   25

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        UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

fitstr                               REGION II
                              26 FEDERAL PLAZA

                         NEW YORK, NEW YORK 1OOO7
                                                       JAN 17 1975

    To All Interested Government Agencies and Public Groups:


         In accord with the guidelines for the preparation of environmental
    impact statements, attached is a notice of intent to prepare such a
    statement for the proposed Agency action specified below:

             Designation of a New Interim Sewage Sludge Disposal Site
             or Sites in the New York Bight of the Atlantic Ocean.

         Under the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972,
    (P.L. 92-532), EPA is responsible for issuing permits authorizing the
    disposal of sewage sludge in oceanic waters.  The following are major
    municipalities which currently hold interim ocean disposal permits for
    dumping sewage sludges at the existing disposal site:

        New York City               New Jersey               Nassau County

      Bowery Bay Plant          Bergen County Sewer        City of Glen Cove
      Coney Island Plant         Authority                 City of Long Beach
      Hunts Point Plant         Borough of Fair-field       County of Nassau
      Jamaica Plant             The Joint Meeting of       West Long Beach
      Newtown Creek Plant        Essex & Union Counties     Sewer District
      Owls Head Plant           Linden Roselle Sewerage
      Port Richmond Plant        Authority
      Rockaway Plant            Middletown Sewerage         Westchester County
      Tallman Island Plant       Authority
      26th Ward Plant           Middlesex County           County of Westchester
      Wards Island Plant         Sewerage Authority
                                Passaic Valley Sewerage
                                 Commissioners

    In addition, several smaller municipalities in New York and New Jersey
    have been issued interim ocean disposal permits by EPA-Region II as
    customers of the following barging companies:  Modern Transportation Co.
    and General Marine Transport Co.  Two industries in New Jersey also have
    been issued interim ocean disposal permits for their domestic sludges:
    American Cyanamid Co. and Whippany Paper Board Co.

         Approximately 4.5 million cubic meters (6 million cubic yards) of
    sludge are dumped each year.  Of this total volume, New York City accounts
    for approximately 60 percent, New Jersey communities approximately 33 per-
    cent, and Nassau and Westchester Counties approximately 7 percent.  A
                                     26

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 three fold increase in the total volume is expected over  the  next  few
 years as municipalities in the New York-New Jersey area upgrade  their
 sewerage systems to provide secondary treatment.  This large  increase in
 sewage  sludge volume is the primary reason for abandoning  the existing
 sewage  sludge disposal site.  (See Figure 1).

     Ocean disposal permits will not be renewed for the continued  use of
 the  existing site after July 1, 1976.  The areas being considered  for
 the  interim disposal site(s) are shown in Figure 1.  These areas have
 been jointly designated by the EPA and the National Oceanic & Atmospheric
 Administration  (NOAA).  If for some reason a site(s) within these  areas
 is found to be  unsuitable for the disposal of sewage sludge,  a site(s)
 outside of these areas, but within the same "steaming distance", will  be
 selected, based on the ecological surveys and environmental impact state-
 ment currently  underway.

     Alternatives to the ocean disposal of sewage sludge are  being studied
 under an EPA contract awarded to the Interstate Sanitation Commission
 (ISC).  Should  this investigation demonstrate that other disposal  alterna-
 tives are viable, technically feasible, and environmentally acceptable,
 EPA's goal will be to phase out ocean disposal of such sludges by  1981.

     EPA is preparing this environmental impact statement in  accordance
 with the procedures for voluntary preparation on significant  regulatory
 actions, dated  October 15, 1974 .I/  Under Section l(c)(4)(B)  of these
 procedures, EPA will prepare an environmental impact statement for the
 "Designation of sites for dumping under Section 102 (c)" of the Marine
 Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972.  On December 23, 1974,
 after reviewing the merits of ten competing firms, EPA awarded a contract
 to Dames & Moore of New York City for the preparation of this  environmental
 impact  statement.

     If your organization needs additional information or wishes to par-
 ticipate in the preparation of the draft environmental impact  statement,
 please  advise Daniel  A. Sullivan, P.E., Senior Environmental  Engineer,
 EPA-Region II at (212) 264-1892.
                                 Sincerely yours
                                 Gerald M. Hansler, P.E.
                                 Regional Administrator
I/Environmental Impact Statements, Procedures for the Voluntary Preparation.
  Section l(c)(4)(B), as published in the Federal Register, Volume 39,
  Number 204, page 37419 on October 21, 1974.
                                 27

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                           NOTICE  OF  INTENT
                                                                            -30'
                   Existing Sewage  Sludge
                     Disposal Site
                                                             Areas  Being
                                                               Studied for
                                                               Alternative
                                                               Sewage Sludge
                                                               Disposal
                                                               Site(s)
                                                                         39°-30'
74°
                                28

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     UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                               REGION II
                           26 FEDERAL PLAZA
                       NEW YORK, NEW YORK 1OOO7

                           October 9, 1974
 Colonel Harry W. Lombard
 District Engineer
 New York District  Corps of Engineers
 26 Federal  Plaza
 New York, New York  10007

 Dear  Colonel Lombard:

      As a follow-up  to our discussion several weeks ago, we would
 like  to reaffirm our position relative to resolving ocean dumping
 problems in the apex of the New York Bight.

      As you well realize, the volume of sewage sludge will sig-
 nificantly  increase  over the next three years, and to the best of
 our knowledge, the present dredge spoil volume of approximately
 11 million  cubic yards per year, will not significantly decrease.
 Taking into consideration the level of pollutants contained in both
 dredge spoil and sewage sludge—in terms of pounds per year of
 contamination added  to the ecosystem—it is difficult to separate
 the impact  resulting from these individual disposal operations.
 Thus, it is our opinion, based on an assessment of the potential
 problems which logically might occur if the present disposal sites
 continue to be used, that the present sewage sludge and dredge spoil
 sites must  be relocated as soon as possible.

      In a letter dated October 2, 1974, copy attached, we reaffirmed
 our position to municipalities that their ocean disposal permits
would, not be renewed for the continued use of the present sludge
 site after  1976.   Two new areas have been designated.  (See attached
map.)  The  specific  location of the new "interim" site(s) within
 these areas, will  be designated in 1975 pending completion of on-
going oceanographic and environmental studies.

     This action has been taken in order to protect the existing
high quality waters contiguous to the beach areas of New York and
New Jersey.   Similarly, it is our position, that the present dredge
spoil site must also be relocated, since this operation, which at
times occurs as close as three miles from the New Jersey coast,
can also seriously jeopardize the present and future water quality
of the bathing beaches.
                                 29

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     On the basis of these decisions, therefore, it is requested
that you submit to us, by December 1, 1974, a plan for phasing out
the use of the present dredge spoil disposal site by 1976, and
utilization of a new "interim" site(s)  within Areas 1A or 2A.
Naturally, any plan you submit should consider the basis for
selection of alternate sites, alternatives to ocean disposal,
navigational hazards associated with changing sites, the economic
impact of this new requirement, and a timetable for implementation.

     Even more important, cost estimates for moving to alternate
sites should be incorporated in the Corps' Federal budget requests
for fiscal years 1976 and 1977, as appropriate.   This matter has
been discussed with EPA Administrator Train, and EPA headquarters
wishes to also immediately open discussions on the issue with Corps
headquarters officials.

     If you have any specific questions  regarding this decision,
please feel free to contact me.

                                  Sincerely yours,
                                  Gerald M.  Hansler,  P.E.
                                  Regional Administrator
Enclosures
cc:   Administrator  Russell E. Train
     U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency

     Brigadier-General James L. Kelly
     U.S.  Army Engineer Division, North Atlantic
                                30

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            UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                                     REGION II
                           EDISON, NEW JERSEY O8817
                                 February  21, 1975
Gentlemen:

      Special  Condition No.  5  of your Ocean Disposal Permit #
requires you  to  perform  "a  bioassay, using the  organism Artemia salina
or  suitable organisms designated  to be more  appropriate by EPA, Region II."

      As you know, Artemia has been used by EPA  for ranking or comparing one
waste with another,  and  not as a  measure  of  environmental impact.  After
considerable  discussions and  consultations with our research staff, we are
now in a position to recommend and require testing with organisms that will
allow us to relate  laboratory findings to environmental response.  The "ap-
propriate sensitive marine  organisms" selected  are as follows:

                 a)  phytoplankton 	 Skeletonema costaturn
                 b)  zooplankton  	 Acartia tonsa or A. _clau8ii
                 c)  finfish       	 Menidia menidia

      Special  conditions  of  your new permit will require the use of these
new organisms, along with Artemia, in your bioassay analysis.  If your per-
mit expires after April  1975,  you are required  to implement the use of these
organisms under  conditions  of your existing  permit.

      Recognizing you will probably have questions about the organisms and/or
the test procedures  to be followed 	 copies of which are attached 	 we
have scheduled a meeting for  March 10, 1975  at  10:00 AM in our Main Confer-
ence Room, Building  209, GSA  Raritan Depot,  Edison, New Jersey.  Represen-
tatives of.our research  staff  will be available to answer your questions;
therefore, it's  requested that you come prepared to discuss the procedures
provided.

      If you have any questions, please feel  free to contact me at 201-548-
3347, X401.

                                           Sincerely yours,
                                           Richard T. Dewling
                                                 Director
                                    Surveillance & Analysis Division

Enclosure


                                    31

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                    Ocean Disposal 	 EPA Actions

                                  By

                      Richard T. Dewling, P. E.
              Director, Surveillance & Analysis Division
           U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region II
                         Edison, N. J.  08817
      In October 1974, EPA notified municipalities in the New York

 Metropolitan area, including communities in New Jersey,  Nassau and

 Westchester Counties, of its goal to phase out ocean disposal by

 1981, and of its intention not to renew ocean disposal permits for

 the continued use of the present sewage sludge disposal  site after

 July 1976.   This latter decision was based on an anticipated three-

 fold increase in the volume of sludge 	 resulting  from an  upgrading

 of treatment plants in the bi-state area 	 and the potential adverse

 effects this increase might have on the waters along the New Jersey

 and Long Island shores.   This  action has been taken  now  in order  to

 protect the future use of our  recreational waters.

 Two New Areas Considered

      EPA has not at this time  designated any new disposal site(s);

 rather  areas under consideration have been announced.  The actual

 choice  of an interim site(s) within one,  or both of  the  areas, will

 completely  depend  upon the  results  of detailed environmental  studies

now being conducted by EPA  and  the  National Oceanic  & Atmospheric
Prepared for New York State Select Committee on Environmental Conser-
vation: February 20, 1975
                                32

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Administration (NOAA).   These investigations are scheduled to




be completed by August 1975 and a decision regarding the specific




interim site(s) location will be made during the latter part of




this year.




     It is important to understand that the "interim" site(s),




which will be used only until such time as acceptable environmental




alternatives are developed and implemented, cannot be utilized for




any dumping until an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is pre-




pared and made public.   We are not interested in simply translocating




the present problem to  a new area; rather, we are trying to minimize




the environmental impact, while at the same time protecting the high




quality water along our beaches.




EIS Initiated




     The consulting firm of Dames and Moore, New York,  N. Y.  has been




retained by Region II to prepare  the EIS.  The report will include,




but not necessarily be  limited to, background information on the




Bight, ocean dumping practices,  federal control programs and inter-




national legal implications;  a presentation of sewage sludge disposal




methods other than ocean dumping; alternatives to the proposed interim




disposal site(s)  including that of "no action" on moving the existing




site;  a detailed  description of the proposed interim site(s); an eval-




uation of the primary and secondary environmental impact in terms of




the physical, chemical  and biological characteristics;  analyses of
                                33

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the adverse environmental effects which cannot be avoided should




use of the proposed site(s) be implemented; the relationship be-




tween local short-term uses of man's environment and the mainten-




ance and enhancement of long-term productivity; and the irreversible




of irretrievable commitment of resources which would be involved in




the proposed action, should it be implemented.




     The final draft of this EIS .should be completed by early 1976




and a public hearing held before April of that year.




Alternatives Being Evaluated




     With regard to the development of ocean disposal alternatives,




and our need to meet our goal of phasing out the present practice




by 1981, Camp, Dresser & McKee, Boston, Mass., under the auspices




of the Interstate Sanitation Commission and EPA, has already com-




pleted about 30 percent of their "Alternative-Evaluation Study".  A




final decision on the availability, acceptability and practicability




of an environmentally suitable alternative(s), which depends upon




the results of the EIS, as well as a thorough engineering and scientific




evaluation of the many technical approaches for handling sludge, is not




expected until July 1976.  The five year "gap" between 1976 atid 1981,




is the time needed to implement the alternatives recommended.
                                34

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     All of our studies and activities are progressing concurrently,




and are presently on schedule;  therefore, we feel confident that we




will meet our 1976 deadline for decision making, i.e., to move to a




new "interim" disposal site(s)  and to recommend and implement environ-




mentally acceptable alternatives to the present practice of ocean




disposal.
                                35

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                               Statement of

                         Dr. R. Lawrence Swanson
                                 Manager
         New York Bight Marine EcoSystems Analysis  (MESA) Project
                   Environmental Research Laboratories
             National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                   United States Department of Commerce
                                before the

      New York State Select Committee on Environmental Conservation


                             20 February 1975
Mr. Chairman and members of the Select Committee:

     I am Dr. R. Lawrence Swanson, Manager of the New York Bight Project

of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Marine EcoSystems

Analysis (MESA) Program.

     I appreciate this opportunity to testify before your Select Committee

on Environmental Conservation concerning the implications of ocean disposal

in the New York Bight.  As a preface to doing so, I would like to take a

few minutes to describe to you what the National Oceanic and Atmospheric

Administration is doing in the New York Bight, and what some of the problems

are in studying such a complex ecosystem.

     Then, I will address specific physical, chemical, biological, and

sedimentary aspects of the present condition of the Bight, as regards

present and projected sludge dumping, and will try to answer questions

you may have.
                                    36

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     NCAA's activities in the New York Bight are being conducted under




our Marine EcoSystems Analysis, or MESA, program, which is managed by




the Environmental Research Laboratories.  The MESA New York Bight Project,




which began in July 1973, is a seven-year study, designed to yield certain




important information tools for managers of the coastal environment.




These include:




      • Determining the fate and effect of pollutants on the New York




       Bight ecosystem, with priority on ocean dumping, and




      •Identifying and describing the important ecological subsystems,




       processes, and driving forces operating in the New York Bight,




       and defining their interrelationships and rates of change.




     The area encompassed by the MESA Project here is bounded on the off-




shore side by the edge of the continental shelf, and on the inshore side




by the Long Island and New Jersey coasts to the Apex of the Bight, where




the Lower New York Bay meets the coastal waters.




     MESA's reason for being is that environmental scientists understand




the interactions between human civilization and the marine environment in




only a general way.  It is obvious, for example, that some 20 million




human neighbors, great cities, and large industries impact the coastal




environment and ocean waters they border and use.  But it is not at all




obvious whether such impact is totally adverse, or how much use can be




accommodated by an ecosystem such as the New York Bight without irrever-




sibly damaging it.  We know it has been heavily stressed.  We do not know




much about the recuperative powers of the Bight and its marine life.
                                   37

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Through the MESA Program we hope to improve our understanding of




and ability to predict events which control the condition of the




Bight's marine life and environment.




     The primary near-term emphasis of our research in the New York




Bight Project is the delineation of the environmental effects of ocean




dumping.  NOAA, on behalf of the Secretary of Commerce, has research




responsibilities for ocean dumping under the Marine Protection, Research




and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, and we are using the Bight, which is the site




of most of the nation's ocean dumping, as a laboratory.




     We are studying the characteristics of material disposed at individual




dump sites in the Bight, dimensions and dispersal rates of dumped materials,




long-and-short-term chemical, biological, and geophysical interactions




which govern the fates and effects of such dumping, including the ability




of dump sites to recover.  Our investigators are measuring currents at




various depths and locations in the Bight, examining sediments and their




transport rates and processes, and sampling bottom-dwelling and other




organisms to determine the existence and extent of the biological and




pathological impact of man's activities in the Bight.




     The technical information I will give you today comes primarily from




these ocean-dumping related studies.  Despite the fact that this is a




highly populated corner of the United States, insufficient historical




data are available on those aspects of the New York Bight waters, sea

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floor, and marine life we need to understand.  In a few areas, most




of the useful data available are what we were able to obtain this




past year and a half.




     To date, most of our field activities (the first of which began




in July 1973) have been concentrated in the 625-square mile rectangular




area with landward boundaries defined roughly by the New Jersey and




Long Island coasts, from the mouth of the Hudson River.  Our activities




there have accomplished the following:




     1.  Ocean water depths and small-scale terrain features of the sea




floor have been mapped with precision navigation and depth-measuring




systems.




     2.  The distribution and thickness of sea floor sediments has been




mapped, using precision navigation and acoustic subbottom profiling




equipment.   In addition, more than 750 surficial sediment samples and




50 sediment cores have been collected to aid in sediment mapping and




chemical analyses.




     3.  Sea floor materials have been sampled on a quarterly schedule




at selected sites to detect short-term changes in the sediments and as-




sociated microrelief.  Sediment movement has also been studied using




direct measurement techniques.




     4.  Current meter arrays have been deployed at various locations




for intervals as long as two and a half months.




     5.  Twenty-six water-column stations have been sampled repeatedly




at 18-day or 36-day intervals for water and suspended-material analyses,
                                   39

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     6.  Intensive and continuous programs of biological sampling and




analysis have been conducted, including studies of bacterial roles in




the ecosystem, oxygen-consumption by bottom-dwellers and sediments,




distribution of fin-fish diseases in and around the Bight, and marine




population distribution in Bight waters.




     Now, Mr. Chairman, let me summarize for the Select Committee what




this first year and a half's work has taught us that can be applied to




comprehending the environmental impact of sewage sludge dumped in the




New York Bight.




     Sewage sludge is one of the products resulting from the treatment




of wastewater, a mixture of human, animal, and industrial wastes.  The




material, although it varies with source and treatment plant, is about




five percent solids and 95 percent liquid.  In 1973, some 4.4 million




cubic meters of this material, and 2.85 million cubic meters of industrial




wastes, were dumped in ocean waters from 10 to more than 160 kilometers




offshore.




     Where does it go?  When sludge is dumped, the mixture disperses, some




of it swept laterally by Bight currents, and some of it sinks toward the




sea floor.   A small portion may float, and other waste constituents dis-




solve or remain suspended in the water column.




     Based on core and grab samples, we know that the portions of sewage




sludge which sink to the bottom have not formed a massive lens of material.
                                   40

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In fact the bathymetry at the dump site is essentially the same as it




was in 1936.  On the other hand, roughly 8m of material has accumulated




in the same period of time at the dredge spoil dump site.  Generally,




however, the sea floor near the sewage sludge dump site is an admixture




of natural fine sands, natural muds of high organic material content,




and sewage sludge materials at different stages of degradation.  The sur-




face layers of samples taken at the dump site have a consistency which




ranges from sand to black organic material.  An appreciable amount of




sludge material extends beyond the sludge dumping site in all directions,




but primarily to the north into Christiaensen Basin.  The concentration




of sludge in the Christiaensen Basin may be caused by short dumping or by




deposition of transported or resuspended sewage sludge materials in the




water column.  The bottom of the basin is essentially covered with a mix-




ture of muds rich in organic matter (1)  transported into the area from the




Hudson River, (2) and produced in the area by marine organisms, primarily




plankton, and (3) disposed as sewage sludge.




     It is generally accepted by oceanographers that the overall movement




of water on the continental shelf off southern New England and the Middle




Atlantic States is to the west, southwest, and south, parallel to the




continental margin.  However, the overall pattern is quite thoroughly




masked at particular locations and times by high variability.  This var-




iability in the New York-New Jersey area specifically the Bight Apex,




has been the prime focus to date of the water current observation effort
                                   41

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of the MESA Project.  The major features of the spatial structure of




circulation that relate to disposal of waste materials in shelf waters




of the New York Bight are as follows:




      •In the immediate vicinity of the entrance to Lower New York Bay,




the oceanographic regime is dominated by the influence of discharges




from the Hudson and Raritan Rivers.  There is a seaward flow of brackish




water, from the estuary where the rivers meet, in surficial layers.  At




sea, this discharge turns to flow southward, paralleling the New Jersey




shoreline.  Lower in the water column, there is return flow of external




water into the estuary.  In spite of its importance to the oceanographic




and ecological systems of the estuary and the Bight, this superposed flow




system is recognized in measurements only as a slight imbalance of the




much stronger ebb and flood tidal currents in the respective layers.




      •There is strong evidence from recent results of the MESA Project




that outside the region of strongest influence of river discharges, there




is a persistent, at least in a statistical sense, clockwise circulation




or gyre.  In its most inshore portion, off New Jersey and Long Island,




flow in this eddy runs counter to the general flow over the continental




shelf adjacent to this part of the coast.  Although its existence in some




sections of critical interest to the dumping question has been established,




its horizontal extent and vertical structure, are imperfectly known at




present.  Evidence for the existence of this clockwise circulation or gyre




comes from current meter measurements, studying where "drifters" dropped
                                   42

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into the ocean at various locations go, and studying the red colored




iron hydroxide particles introduced into the Bight waters from the




acid waste dump site.  The drifter study, for example, shows that




approximately 3% of those drifters released at the sewage sludge dump




site were recovered within ten days following their release.




     Material that becomes entrained in the Inner Bight circulation 	




and this refers to suspended, dissolved, and floatable portions of




sewage sludge as well as naturally occurring organic matter 	 tends to




move generally in a clockwise manner northward toward Long Island, then




eastward out to sea, and then southward toward the open sea.  In its




travels, suspended material tends to be deposited in topographic lows,




like the Christiaensen Basin and the area east of Cholera Bank, because




of reduced wave and current action there.




     The New York Bight is also marked by a characteristic nearshore




flow, a result of which is that bottom water moves toward the beach.




When this circulation enters the surf zone near the beach,  natural hy-




draulic processes related to the breaking of waves permit suspended




particles to be deposited on the bottom.  The mud deposits  formed in




this way in depths of less than 20 meters  are a common occurrence along




the Atlantic coast, usually forming patches in small topographic lows.




     In the nearshore zone,  these organic rich mud patches  tend to be




small in extent,  usually less than ten meters in diameter and less than




15 centimeters thick.   SCUBA divers off Long Beach in July 1974 found




that such patches covered less than 10 percent of the bottom.  Most of




these mud patches are probably modified by the strong wave action
                                    43

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associated with winter storms.




     Continental shelf floor muds are invariably rich in organic matter




as a result of hydraulic sorting processes which tend to group finely




divided inorganic particles and organic matter.  Clays occur here, and




characteristically contain about five percent, by weight, of iron oxide,




which usually veneers a shelf mud with a thin reddish-brown layer.  De-




pletion of oxygen by decaying organic matter several millimeters below




the bottom surface has its effect on these muds, producing a black color.




This type of material can be found along both heavily populated and




virtually deserted stretches of the Atlantic coast.  This, gross color




and texture of mud patches near the Long Island coast are no guides as




to whether or not they contain sewage sludge.  Descriptive terms such as




"sludge" or "black greasy stuff" or "black mayonnaise" do not indicate




whether the organic mixture consists of degraded organic material of




natural origin or of human waste.




     Analyses of these muds for their natural and man-introduced constitu-




ents is not a straightforward procedure.  There is no "litmus paper test"




which differentiates sewage sludge from natural sea floor muds.  Sewage




sludge produced by one treatment plant differs in composition from that




produced by another, and even material produced at one treatment plant




varies greatly over "time. ' Once dumped, the material is acted on by de-




composition, interactions with various components of the marine biota,




reaction with inorganic portions of the environment, and dilution due




to mixing with water and sediment.  A simple test or two will not differ-




entiate transported or migrated portions of sewage sludge from organic
                                   44

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material, raw sewage emanating from rivers, harbors, outfalls, and




passing vessels, or from sewage sludge which is dumped short of the




existing dump site.  At best, a series of tests on a sample containing




"sludge-like material" may exclude one or more sources, but not all




possible sources.  Positive identification of sewage sludge, especially




after it has been in the marine environment for any length of time, is




not possible at this time.




     MESA scientists have filtered and then microscopically analyzed




bottom mud samples to sort out the fraction of the particles in the mud




that could be identified as of human origin.  Near the sewage sludge dump




site about 15 percent of the mud grains were found to be processed cellulose




fibers or soot-like particles considered to be of human origin.   Near the




Long Island beach roughly one percent of the grains were considered to be




of human origin.  Clearly, any dumped, sewage-sludge-related materials which




move in suspension toward Long Island must be tremendously diluted by natural




particles during transport.




     Preliminary studies have been made to compare the chemistry of sewage




sludge with that of shelf floor muds.   These indicate that sewage sludge




is rich in heavy metals and organic matter; however, so are Bight floor




muds, including many natural muds.  Thus, while certain inorganic analyses,




including heavy metal ratios, may eventually prove to be indicators of




sewage sludge derived material, they are not considered to be an adequate




means of differentiating sewage sludge from other muds at this time.  This




was again verified, in our estimation, by analysis of heavy metals and
                                    45

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samples collected at a series of stations south of Long Beach and




Atlantic Beach, including the sewage sludge dump site and inside




Rockaway Inlet.




     Similarly, total organic matter is not a suitable indicator




of sludge derived material because in an area such as the New York




Bight, marine plants produce more than twice as much organic matter




than is dumped in the form of sewage sludge.




     However, some fractions of organic matter, such as carbohydrates




(including cellulose), may provide a crude means of differentiating




muds.  When sewage sludge is dumped into sea water, the organic matter




decreases with time because of microbial degradation.  Most carbohydrates




decompose less rapidly than many other organics; therefore, the ratio of




carbohydrates to total organic carbon should increase with the age of the




sludge.




     Analysis of sediment samples shows that the highest total organic




carbon values of about five percent by dry weight occurred in the Christ-




iaensen Basin, a few miles north and west of the dump site.  This is about




one-tenth the total organic content that is found directly in sewage sludge.




High total organic content and also high carbohydrates occur all along the




Hudson Shelf Canyon.  Mud samples from within one mile of Long Island




beaches show relatively high carbohydrate content, indicating that some




of this mud may be partly derived from sewage 	 raw sewage from the




harbor, or from ships or from sewage sludge.  But sediment samples from




Rockaway Inlet and Jones Inlet showed rather low carbohydrate content,




indicating mainly a natural origin.
                                   46

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     Further, it can in general be concluded that the effect of dredge




spoil and sewage sludge dump sites on nutrient concentration in the Bight




Apex is rather localized, and secondary in importance to that of the




nutrient-rich Lower Bay outflow.




     MESA scientists have observed reduced abundance and diversity of




benthic invertebrates in the vicinity of the sewage sludge and dredge




spoil dump sites.  Increased incidences of fin erosion have been observed




in the Inner Bight, although positive identification of cause and effect




has not been made.   These findings, however, argue strongly against contam-




ination of new areas by moving the existing sewage sludge dump site.




     In sum, Mr. Chairman, we have no evidence of a massive general move-




ment of sewage sludge toward Long Island beaches.  On the contrary, evidence




we have suggests that milennia of natural discharges and 40 years of  dumping




sewage sludge have  produced a well-established,  rather stable distribution




of organic-rich muds in the New York Bight.   We  do not believe that the




distribution patterns of these muds is likely to change appreciably with




time except as the  muds may be temporarily resuspended in the water column




by the action of storm waves.  Pockets of mud near beaches are a common




natural occurrence  and in this case appear to be mainly of natural origin




with, perhaps, small admixtures of material derived from sewage.  These




patches have almost certainly existed for a long time.




     NOAA does not  believe that an immediate change in the New York Bight




sewage sludge dump  site is required; in fact, we believe that more harm
                                 47

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to the environment than good would come from such a precipitous act.




However, in view of the increasing quantity of sewage sludge to be




dumped in the Bight over the next few years, plans should be made now




to change the dump site should future conditions warrant.




     Based on the evidence in hand, these are NCAA's recommendations:




     1.  That the present sewage sludge dump site continue in use for




the next year or two, unless a situation develops that truly indicates




an endangerment to public health.




     2.  That intensive ecological studies be conducted as a prelude to




selecting an alternative dumping site for sewage sludge capable of as-




similating the greatly increased volume anticipated for the near future.




MESA is doing this now, and has a three-week cruise, commencing today, to




continue our examination of two suggested areas.




     3.  That a new dump site, if necessary, be selected upon completion




and on the basis of these studies so that we can be assured that contam-




ination of shoreline areas will not occur and that deleterious effects




on fish and benthic communities will be minimized.




     4.  That a new ocean dumping site be regarded only as an interim




measure and that every effort be made to avoid long-term use of the




New York Bight for disposal of sewage sludge.




     5.  That we not forget that ocean disposal, while worthy of public




concern, is very likely of secondary importance, when compared to other




contaminant sources such as the Upper and Lower Bays and their associated




waters.
                                   48

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     That completes my testimony Mr.  Chairman.  I am leaving several




of our recent publications with you that pertain to our overall in-




vestigation.   Our office will be glad to assist you with any additional




information that you may deem necessary.
                                  49

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         INTERSTATE  SANITATION  COMMISSION

                      10 COLUMBUS CIRCLE  •  NEW YORK, N. Y. 10019
                               AREA CODE 212-5824380
 COMM.SS.ONERS                                                    COMM.SS.ONERS
   NEW YORK
ATALECOLOSI.PH.D.                                                   CONNECTICUT
  CHAIRMAN                                                     DOUGLAS M. COSTLE
VMES L. BIGGANE                                                   JOHN B. DIOGUARDI
HESTER SCHWIMMER                                                 ROBERT K. KILLIAN
.LTONE.SPATT                                                    DOUGLAS S. LLOYD. M.O.
L.VER J. TROSTER                                                   ROBERT L. MAYV.LLE

  NEW JERSEY                                                    THOMAS R. GLENN. JR.
AVID J. BARDIN                                                  DIRECTOR-CHIEF ENGINEER
>SEPH J. BRENNAN
)ANNE E. FINLEY, M.D.
DUIS J. FONTENELLI
XMUELP.OWEN          FIRST  QUARTERLY REPORT (July-September)
                   NEW YORK-NEW JERSEY METROPOLITAN AREA
                 SEWAGE SLUDGE DISPOSAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM



       Since  this  is  the First  Quarterly Report of the program, back-


   ground  information  and an outline of the scope of work are presented


   to  provide  a better understanding of the overall program.



   General Background


       Much of the sewage sludge  in the New York-New Jersey  Metropolitan


   Area is presently disposed of by  barging to sea.   The current  uncer-


   tainties  about   the  future of this means  of disposal and the  tripling


   of  sewage sludge volume expected  within the next several years  because


   of the construction of  secondary  wastewater treatment plants pose a


   tremendous problem.  There is a real need to  focus on how  to dispose


   of this sewage sludge on a regional  basis.  Based upon meetings


  between the States  of New York  and New Jersey,  the U.S. EPA-Region  II,


  and the Interstate  Sanitation Cotnmission, it  was agreed that EPA-Region  II


  would fund a $500,000 two-year  three-phase  program for the Commission


  to be responsible for developing  a viable and coordinated  system for
                                  50

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 sewage  sludge disposal  for the New York-New Jersey Metropolitan Area




 by  June 1976.   in developing the program,  the  following EPA-Region II




 policies are  being kept in mind:




 (1)   New sludge incinerators in each individual waste treatment plant




      are not  to be considered;




 (2)   Disposal techniques must not contaminate  groundwaters;




 (3)   It is  to be assumed that the heavy metals and toxic chemical




      contents of sludges will be reduced to levels consistent with




      EPA pretreatment guidelines.






      The land area that the program  encompasses is the New York-New




 Jersey  Metropolitan Area which includes all of the counties in the




 States  of New Jersey and New York  with all or  any part of their




 tidal waters  within the Interstate Sanitation  District, plus the




 Counties of Passaic and Somerset in  the State  of New Jersey.




      Briefly,  the overall program  consists of  three phases:  Phase 1




 (10 months  duration) will be a State-of-the-Art investigation of




 alternatives  to  ocean disposal of  sludge and the recommendation of




 a limited number of the most feasible alternatives for an in-depth




 investigation  in Phase  2  (12  months  duration).  These alternatives




 will  then be compared with controlled ocean disposal.  Concurrently




 with  these two phases,  a  legal-institutional Phase 3 investigation is




being undertaken to determine  the  requirements for the administration




of the coordinated  sludge management system for the region.
                                  51

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Phase l_j^Scppg__of__Work (condensed)




     The Scope of Work for Phase 1 is to perform a State~of=the-Art




investigation of alternative means of ultimate disposal of sludge in




the New Jersey-New York Metropolitan Area*  This investigation defines




the problem in terms of the present and projected sources and volumes




of sludges produced and their chemical, physical, and biological




properties.  It includes sludges presently barged to sea and sludges




now disposed of by other methods with identification of how each of




the public waste treatment systems in the area now disposes of its




sludge.  The contractor is to identify the entire spectrum of feasible




alternatives and make preliminary estimates of disposal costs and




environmental impact of each.  Each of the methods is to be analysed




from the point of view of efficacy and desirability or undesirability.




Each of the methods is also to be compared with each of the others.




Among the factors to be considered will be environmental impact;




energy conservation? convenience? cost of collection, treatment,




transportation and disposal either as a waste or as usable or market-




able products.  This phase is to include but not be limited to




investigation of the following disposal techniques:




(1)   Land disposal alternatives: (a)  sanitary landfill, (b)  spreading




     as soil conditioner and fertilizer, (c)  various sludge solidifi-




     caLl^xx processes, (d)  drying and selling for fertilizer and




     soil conditioner.
                                52

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 (2)   Disposal by combustion (incineration): (a) incineration of




      raw sludge, (b) incineration in combination with solid wastes,




      (c)  incineration to include power or steam generation.




 (3)   Disposal as a salable product: (a) activated carbon,  (b)  oil,




      (c)  natural gas; each of the above through pyrolysis,  (d)  building




      products.






 Phase 2




      Phase 2 of the program is scheduled to begin in July of 1975




 and will  conclude in June 1976.   The in-depth study will include:




 (1)   Good cost estimates;




 (2)   Thorough assessment of the  environmental impact;




 (3)   Recommendations relative  to New York-New Jersey Metropolitan




      Sludge Management Plan.






      Concurrently with Phases  1  and 2,  the National Oceanographic




 and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)  is conducting ..a study in  the




 New York  Bight which will include the  impact of ocean disposal.




 EPA  will  provide the Commission  with input on the environmental




 consequences  of ocean disposal so that a comparison can be  made




 between controlled  ocean disposal (taking into account of economic




 and  environmental impact)  and  the in-depth study of the alternatives




 investigated  in Phase 2  in order for the Commission to recommend the




best overall  sewage sludge disposal  program.
                                  53

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 Phase 3 - Scope of Work (condensed)




      Phase 3 (undertaken concurrently with Pases 1 and 2)  is an




 in-house investigation of legal  and institutional requirements.




 It includes:




 (1)   Analyses of New York and New  Jersey  environmental control




      statutes and administrative regulations  and examination of




      relative statutory and  operational authorizations and




      responsibilities to existing  state and local agencies and




      governments in New York and New Jersey.




 (2)   An examination of sludge collection  disposal as a state level




      function in New York and New  Jersey.




 (3)   Drafting of sample statutes and/or interlocal and interstate




      agreements  and contracts  needed to implement the  recommended




      legal  and institutional  approach to  the problem.






Management  of the Program




      In order for the  program  to be  successful and so  that all




sectors affected  or potentially  affected by the results of the




program can be kept informed and be  able to make  an input  to  the




program, the management of the program was developed for two-way




communication.  While  the Commission  is responsible for overall




management of the development program, an Executive Committee




composed of a representative from the State of New York, the State




of New Jersey, the Environmental Protection Agency-Region II, the
                                 54

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waste treatment agencies operating in New Jersey,  the  waste  treat-




ment agencies operating in New York,  and the Interstate  Sanitation




Commission has been established.   This Committee advises the Inter-




state Sanitation Commission concerning the conduct of  the investigation.




Technical advisory sub-committees have been established  both by




New Jersey and New York waste treatment agencies.  A legal sub-




committee has also been established in New Jersey.  These sub-committees




advise and present their views to the waste treatment  agencies




representative on the Executive Committee and thus provide an input




to  the entire program.   With this program structure, information is




able to flow both ways.






PROGRESS  DURING FIRST QUARTER




Phase 1




      Proposals for Phase were received from eight Contractors and




were narrowed to three Consultants.   A representative of  the States




of  New York and New Jersey,  the U.S.  EPA,  and the Commission held




oral  interviews and selected Camp,  Dresser &  McKee for the Phase 1




project.  Camp,  Dresser  & McKee commenced work on July 1,  1974.  The




Interstate  Sanitation Commission  is .responsible  for the overall




management  of the  development program and for conducting  Phase 3




Legal-Institutional  investigation.




     The  following work  plan was  adopted  with completion  dates




of subsections  as  indicated:
                                  55

-------
I.   Compilation of Data on Sludges Produced in Area at Present




     and in Future:  Complete by September 15,  1974,




     A.   Locate existing and planned wastewater treatment plants




         on large map of area including sludge  storage and




         transport facilities.







     B.   Collect information on treatment,  plant capacities and




         type of treatment.







         1.  Obtain information on future  capacities and




             treatment.







     C.   Sludges produced at present.




         1.  Volume/day.




         2.  Type:  raw,  digested,  chemical  precipitates.




         3.  Concentration of solids in sludge.




         4.  Concentration of heavy metals.




         5.  Concentration of toxic organics:   pesticides.






     D.   Sludges produced in future.




         1.  Select "design" year.




         2.  Volume/day  and concentration.




         3.   Type:   raw,  digested,  chemical  precipitates due to




             treatment.




         4.   Predicted changes in  concentration of toxic metals




             and organ ics.







                                56

-------
     E.  Identify plants having existing sludge disposal methods




         other than to ocean.







II.  Preliminary Investigations Relating to Disposal Methods:




     Complete by September 15, 1974.







     A.  Check on any studies that may have been made for land-




         based sludge disposal methods for N.Y.-N.J. area.






     B.  Check on solid waste disposal studies for area.






         1.  Identify solid waste disposal systems in area.






     C.  Investigate possible land disposal sites:  Consult  with




         Rutgers University Environmental Sciences and Agriculture




         Departments.






         1.  Agricultural land.




         2.  Waste Land.




         3.  Landfill sites.






     D.  Update information on some newer disposal methods.






         1.  Pyrolysis:   Baltimore solid wastes plant; Twin  Cities,




             Minnesota studies.




         2.  Drying:  Blue Plains plant at Washington, D.C.




         3.  Composting:  USDA studies, Beltsville, Maryland.
                                  57

-------
     E.  Investigate important differences in treatment and dewatering




         methods and establishment of site requirements.







III. General Study of Major Alternatives:  Complete by November 15,  1974,




     Each of the following three basic disposal systems should be




     considered for disposing of all the sludges produced at regional




     facilities.  The studies should include such items as:   site




     location,  transportation, environmental assessments,  technical




     feasibility, permanance and long-term use, total cost estimates,




     energy usage, energy recovery.




     A.  Land:   Evaluate Rutgers University Report.




         1.  Agricultural.




         2.  Waste Land.




         3.  Landfill.




         4.  Consider sludge stabilization methods  required.






     B.  Thermal Processing




         1.  Incineration.




         2.  Pyrolysis.




         3.  Wet Oxidation.




         4.  Disposal of  residues from above processes.




         *,   Air pollution control requirements.







    C,   Recovery of  Useful  Materials




         1.   By  drying.
                                  58

-------
         2.  By composting.




         3.  Consider recovery of materials from pyrolysis and




             wet oxidation.




         4.  Investigate disposal or sale of products.






     D.  Develop Basic Cost Data for Sludge Dewatering and




         Transportation.







IV.  Evaluation and Comparison of Specific Alternatives:   Complete




     by January 15, 1975.






     A.  Identify obviously unfeasible disposal methods due to




         unavailability of sites, excessive costs,  unacceptable




         environmental factors,  specific sludge characteristics,




         specific location of sludge production and transportation




         problems.






     B.  Consider use of sub-regional facilities with  possible




         different disposal methods for different sub-regions.






     C.  Identify the technical  and economic differences  for various




         sludge treatments (chemical and heat conditioning)  and




         dewatering methods as required for different  disposal




         systems.






     D.   Indicate capacity and type of treatment facilities  needed




         for  liquid sidestreams  produced at sludge  disposal  sites
                                59

-------
         in connection with dewatering and other processing:




         sidestreams such as filtrates, centrates, overflows,




         scrubber water, etc.







     E.  Identify specific possibilities of disposal with solid




         wastes.






         1.  By incineration.




         2.  By pyrolysis.




         3.  In landfills.







V.   Make Recommendations of Alternatives for In-Depth Study:




     By February 15, 1975.






     A.  Have proposed recommendations reviewed for environmental




         impact.




     B.  Integrate proposed recommendations with Phase 3 studies




         of ISC.







VI.  Draft of Final Report:  By April 15, 1975.







Vi±. Make Revisions in Report as Required by ISC:  By May 15, 1975.







Vlli.  Submit Final Report:  By June 15, 1975.







     items I and II are completed except for the land disposal




study v.'hich is not due (under a subcontract with Rutgers University)







                                  60

-------
until the end of October.






Phase 3




     Work on the legal-administrative  investigation of regional




sludge management possibilities  in the New York-New Jersey




Metropolitan Area began  on July  1, 1974  (the effective contract




date) .  One item was performed in advance of the aforementioned




date.  When it was ascertained that the  investigation would proceed.




Dr. Wendell met with representatives of  the State of New Jersey




and the New Jersey municipalities to receive from them indications




as to their concerns and to discuss the  conduct of the work.




Since July 1, a similar  discussion has been held in connection with




the CDM August Progress  Report on the  technical investigations




which are proceeding concurrently with this contract.  Further




discussions with New York and New Jersey state and local interests




will be held as the work proceeds.




     The work during this first  quarter  has consisted largely of




research and analysis of the statutes of New Jersey and New York




relating to water quality management and relevant aspects of inter-




governmental relations.  The purpose has been to provide a basis




for determining what legal authority now exists for sludge manage-




ment, either by the separate jurisdictions or on a regional or




subregional basis.  These preliminary  analyses are now complete.
                                  61

-------
     They show that the legal bases for interlocal cooperation




and liquid waste treatment in the two states is substantially




different.  New York has a state-level agency  (the Environmental




Facilities Corporation) which can assist, and under some circumstances




operate or manage, municipal or county waste treatment and collection




systems.  New Jersey has no counterpart agency.  In New Jersey,




there is legislation being developed under which each county would




be required to have a sewage collection and treatment authority-




Existing regional authorities would be absorbed or converted to this




county base.  However, there is presently much doubt as to whether




one of the largest of these entities in the New York Metropolitan




Area (the Passaic Valley Sewerage Commissioners) would be affected.




At the present writing, the New Jersey portion of the area is




organized into several districts serving groups of municipalities




and into some smaller units which treat their own wastes.




     However, it should be pointed out that these differences are




more in the legal authority for waste management than in the actual




patterns of operation in the New York and New Jersey portions of




the Metropolitan Area.  At the presant time, on each side of the




state line,  substate regional and local agencies perform the liquid




waste collection and treatment function.  They handle sludge disposal




as part of that task,  each making its own arrangements.




     The New York interlocal cooperation statutes are broad enough




to permit as many communities as might wish to do so to establish







                                   62

-------
  joint arrangements for the handling of sludge.  Authorization even




  exists for them to do so in conjunction with political subdivisions




  of the State  of New Jersey,  in New Jersey, however, there is no




  similar piece of legislation.  Consequently, sludge management on




  an interjurisdictional basis, except by the existing district




  systems, would require additional legal basis.  When the study is




  further along,  a detailed examination will be made of what could




  be done on the New Jersey side short of legislation, but preliminary




  study indicates that additional legislation might be desirable,




  if not absolutely necessary.




      No work  has yet been done on Connecticut statutes.   Because




  the study  area has been delineated to include only the New York-New




  Jersey portion of the Greater New York Metropolitan Area,  it  has




  seemed appropriate to postpone such attention as can be paid  to




 the Connecticut portion until the work is  further along.   As




 presently  envisaged,  the only consideration of Connecticut will  be




 in order to ascertain and attempt to make  sure that such  arrangements




 as are  recommended for sludge management would not be so  constructed




 as to preclude  Connecticut participation.




     It has been necessary to await information from CDM  relative




 to the  identity  of public systems generating sludge,  their volumes




 and present methods of disposal.   This  information was received  on




September 15 and is now undergoing analysis.   It  is  anticipated  at




an early date it will be possible to begin  developing alternative






                                   63

-------
sludge management arrangements based on the statutory analysis and




the data concerning the present agencies involved in sludge




generation and disposal.
                                 64

-------
                             TECHNICAL FINDINGS
                           (July 1974 - March 1975)
     In April 1974, EPA, Region II, initiated a comprehensive monitoring
program to investigate the quality of the water and bottom sediments in
the New York Bight and along the Long Island and New Jersey beaches.  A
summary of the data from April to July 1974 appeared in "Ocean Disposal
in the New York Bight Technical Briefing Report Number 1".  A summary of
subsequent data appears in this report in Tables 10-19.

     Upon review of the earlier data, the sample collection frequency
was changed to the following:

          Type   I  - Surf Zone  - biweekly (summer)
                                 - six-week intervals (Oct - May)

          Type  II  - Near Shore - monthly  (summer)
                                 - bimonthly for water column (Oct - May)
                                 - trimonthly for sediments (Oct - May)

          Type III  - Transects  - quarterly

     Station locations are shown in Figure 2 and listed in Table 9.

     Based on data from the surf and near shore waters along the Long
Island and New Jersey beaches, it is evident that the water quality
remains excellent with respect to coliform density and is acceptable
for contact recreation (see Figs. 3-4).  Elevated coliform counts do
appear at random, but this does not constitute any violation of standards
nor does it indicate any systematic change or degradation of water quality.

     A review of near shore sediment data (Tables 14 & 17) indicate
slightly elevated bacterial counts at certain near shore sampling
stations.  These elevated counts can be attributed to inland runoff
or wastewater outfalls.
                                  65

-------
     Two sampling runs were conducted on the Long Island Transect.
The data obtained (Tables 18 & 19)  are consistent with data reported
earlier in "Technical Briefing Report Number 1."  Specifically, a
"clean water-sediment" zone of about 5-1/2 - 6 miles separates the
leading edge of the sludge mass from the Long Island coast.  Based
on our data there is no massive movement of sewage sludge towards
the Long Island coast.

     Sediment samples were collected and analyzed for Salmonella
Group organisms at 20 sampling locations.   Members of this Group
were not detected in lOOg of sediment sample.
                                   66

-------
Figure  2





   67

-------
Station
Latitude
       TABLE 9

    STATION LOCATIONS

                      Loran
Longitude    3H4 (Brown)  3H5 (Green)
Visuals
N. Y.
NYB20
NYB21
NYB22
NYB23
NYB24
NYB25
NYB26
NYB27
NYB30
NYB31
NYB32
NYB33
NYB34
NYB35
NYB40
NYB41
NYB42
NYB43
NYB44
NYB45
NYB46
NYB47
N. J.
JC01A
JC02
JC03
JC05
JC08
JC11
JC14
JC21
JC24
JC27
JC30
Bight
40°23'54"
40°23T54"
40°23'54"
40°23'54"
40°23'54"
40°23'54"
40°23'54"
40°23'54"
40°30'25"
40°30'00"
40°29'25"
40°28'36"
40°27'15"
40°26'10"
40°33'36"
40°31t39"
40°29'42"
40°27'45"
40°25'54"
40°25'00"
40°22'00"
40°20'00"
Beaches
40°28'05"
40°27'05"
40°25'40"
40°23'47"
40°21'50"
40°19'49"
40°17'28"
40°13'20"
40°12'05"
40°11'06"
40°09'25"

73°56'03"
73°53'30"
73°51'00"
73°49'12"
73°47'30"
73°45'00"
73°43'15"
73°40'32"
73°58'42"
73°57'36"
73°56'00"
73°53'45"
73°50'00"
73°47'12"
73°45'00"
73°45'00"
73°45'00"
73°45'00"
73°45'00"
73°45'00"
73°43'15"
73°43'15"

73°59'50"
73°59'10"
73°58'55"
73°58'35"
73°58'25"
73°58'26"
73°58'55"
73°59'47"
74°00'24"
74°00'36"
74°01'11"

4560
4575
4590
4600
4609
4624
4634
4649



3294
3274
3253
3237
3223
3200
3185
3161











South of Fl "5"
South of Fl "3"











South of Fl "1A" WHIS


South of BW Mo (A)
WHIS
South of Ambrose Horn
4629
4699
4684
4669
4654
4640
4633
4619
4603












3220
3182
3188
3193
3197
3200
3200
3183
3182






















Sandy Hk. Parking
Sandy Hk. Radome
Sandy Hk. St. Pk.
Highland Beach
Sea Bright
Monmouth Beach
Long Branch
Asbury Park
Ocean Grove
Belmar
Spring Lake










Area

Beach








                                     68

-------
                          STATION LOCATIONS (CONT'D.)
Station
N. J. Beaches
JC33
JC37
JC41
JC44
JC47A
JC49
JC53
JC55
Latitude
Cont'd.
40°08'03"
40°05'57"
40°03'45"
40°01f42"
39°59'42"
39°57?08"
39°55''U"
39°53'45"
Longitude

74°01'39"
74°02'03"
74°02'38"
74°03'55"
74°03'36"
74°03'37"
74°04'32"
74°04'48"
Loran
3H4 (Brown) 3H5 (Green) Visuals

Sea Girt
Point Pleasant
Bay Head
Mantaloking Beach
Silver Beach
Lavallette
Seaside Park
Is. Beach St. Park
Long Island Beaches
LIC01
LIC02
LIC03
LIC04
LIC05
LIC06
LIC07
LIC08
LIC09
LIC10
LIC11
40°32'52"
40°33'43"
40°34'24"
40°34'58"
40°35'28"
40°35'35"
40°35'07"
40°35'00"
40°35'00"
40°35'07"
40°35'22"
73°56'05"
73°51'48"
73°50'47"
73°48'50"
73°46'19"
73°44'55"
73°45'05"
73°41'05"
73°38'28"
73°35'16"
73°34t19"
Rockaway Point
Fort Tilden
Rockaway Beach
Holland Area
Edgemere
Off Light Fl G"4"
Atlantic Beach
Long Beach
Long Beach
Point Lookout
100 yd. SW of Buoy
LIC12
40°34'50"
73 33'52"
                                                                     "C9"
                                                                  Short Beach
                                    69

-------
(O
c

o

CO
                   NEW JERSEY
LONG ISLAND SURF ZONE


       GEOMETRIC  MEAN

       FECAL COLIFORM  (MPN/100 ml
                                                     i—•
                                                                        GEOMETRIC MEAN

                                                                        TOTAL COLIFORM (MPN/100 ml
                                                                                                                             I- 200
                                                                                                                              - 150
                                                              - 100
                                                                                                                              - 50
                                                                                                                        <
                                                                                                                        O
                                                                                                                        z
                                                                                                                        <
                                                                                                                              - 50
                                                              - 100
                                                                                                                              - 150
                                                                                                                              - 2000
                                                                                                                             L- 2500
                                     ASBURY/

                                      PARK

-------
TABLE 10
Date
Long Island Coast, Surf Zone Bacterial Count
Total Coliform (TC) and Fecal Coliform (FC) per 100 ml
Station
LIC01 LIC02
TC FC TC FC
7/23/74
8/2/74
8/20/74
9/5/74
10/17/74
11/19/74
12/17/74
1/23/75
Summary, all data
to date
Total Samples
Geometric Mean
Max
Min
20 8
8 <1
12 5
32 4
26 10
17 15
-
55 28
13 13
15 6
55 28
5 <1
64
7
8
88
140
9
24
56
15
14
140
2
14
4
5
14
24
5
7
11
15
5
24
LIC03
TC FC
14
12
16
32
171
37
8
69
15
18
171
2
4
<1
1
4
67
4
2
14
15
4
67
LIC04
TC FC
12
8
20
116
800
19
82
-
14
15
800
1
3
2
5
40
304
11
14
-
14
5
304
LIC05
TC FC
84
8
28
124
480
11
64
3
15
17
480
6
1
1
10
45
2
12
2
15
3
45

-------
Date
     Long Island Coast, Surf Zone Bacterial Count




Total Coliform (TC) and Fecal Coliform (FC) per 100 ml







                       Station
7/23/74
8/2/74
8/20/74
9/5/74
10/17/74
11/19/74
12/17/74
1/23/75
Summary, all data
to date
Total Samples
Geometric Mean
Max
Min
LIC07
TC FC
7 <1
4 <1
28 2
36 6
55 22
2 <1
24 5
168 96
15 15
9 3
168 96
LIC08 LIC09
TC FC TC FC

-------
GEOMETRIC MEAN
FECAL COLIFORM
 (MPN/100 ml)
                   GEOMETRIC MEAN
                   TOTAL COLIFORM
                    (MPN/100 ml)
                       NEW JERSEY SURF ZONE
60  40   20   0    20   40
           Figure 4

             73

-------
TABLE 11
Date
New Jersey Coast, Surf Zone Bacterial Count
Total Coliform (TC) and Fecal Coliform (FC) per 100
Station
JC01A JC02
7/22/74
8/1/74
8/19/74
9/4/74
10/24/74
11/20/74
12/18/74
1/22/75
Summary, all data
to date
Total Samples
Geometric Mean
Max
Min
TC
68
96
44
144
32
49
172
136
14
45
172
6
FC
19
2
1
7
1
11
84
25
14
5
84
<1
TC
52
108
24
80
33
53
152
184
15
37
184
4
FC
4
6
5
4
<1
12
40
19
15
4
40
<1
JC03
TC
60
12
32
216
39
22
120
96
14
25
216
3
FC
2
<1
3
7
3
9
46
8
13
4
46
<1
ml
JC05
TC
12
10
92
112
39
14
48
33
15
19
112
1
FC
1
2
6
1
2
3
18
8
15
2
18
<1
JC08
TC
12
7
20
54
25
<1
35
32
15
13
54
1
FC
<1
2
1
2
<1
<1
11
8
15
2
11
<1

-------
Ul
      Date
      New Jersey Coast, Surf Zone Bacterial Count




Total Coliform (TC) and Fecal Coliform (FC) per 100 ml






                       Station
7/22/74
8/1/74
8/19/74
9/4/74
10/24/74
11/20/74
12/18/74
1/22/75
Summary, all data
to date
Total Samples
Geometric Mean
Max
Min
JC11
TC FC
2 <1
5 <1
36 4
36 1
6 <1
12 5
340 92
52 9
15 15
16 3
340 92
2 <1
JC14
TC FC
88 <1
28 <1
25 5
660 25
4 <1
9 2
2200 420
132 14
15 15
50 6
2200 420
3 <1
JC21
TC FC
12 <1
44 2
36 5
160 9
26 <1
38 28
96 4
13 6
14 14
22 3
160 28
2 <1
JC24
TC FC
5 <1
3 <1
44 8
180 15
2 <1
14 8
108 5
26 11
15 15
11 3
180 17
2 <1
JC27
TC FC
1
22
36
88
1
84
96
25
15
11
96
<1
<1
<1
6
5
<1
28
5
5
15
3
28
<1

-------
Date
     New Jersey Coast, Surf Zone Bacterial Count




Total Coliform (TC)and Fecal Coliform (FC) per 100 ml







                       Station
7/22/74
8/1/74
8/19/74
9/4/74
10/24/74
11/20/74
12/18/74
1/22/75
Summary, all data
to date
Total Samples
Geometric Mean
Max
Min
JC30
TC FC

-------
Date
     New Jersey Coast, Surf Zone Bacterial Count




Total Coliform (TC) and Fecal Colifonn (FC) per 100 ml






                       Station
JC47A JC49 JC53
TC FC TC FC TC FC
7/22/74 8 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
8/1/74 12 <1 <1 <1 7 <1
8/19/74 11 6 <1 <1 <1 <1
9/4/74 192 1 160 1 23 4
10/24/74 <1 <1 <1 <1 4 <1
11/20/74 . 17 8 23 1 14 6
12/18/74 27 5 8700 5 180 4
1/22/75 21 4 17 2 15 3
Summary, all data
to date
Total Samples 13 13 15 15 15 15
Geometric Mean 61 10 2 61
Max 192 8 8700 9 180 6
Min <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
JC55
TC FC

-------
                                                    TABLE  12
00
                   SUMMAPvY OF WATER QUALITY DATA (WATER COLUMN) COLLECTED ALONG LONG ISLAND SHORELINE

                             (Samples collected by boat approximately 100 yards from beach)
      Date
Top/Bottom
    07/20/74
    07/20/74
    09/23/74
    09/23/74
    07/20/74
    07/20/74
    09/23/74
    09/23/74
     T
     B
     T
     B
     T
     B
     T
     B
Station Identification Number
LIC01
TEMP
17.8
16.6
18.1
18.2
DO
5.3
6.0
7.1
4.5
LIC07
TEMP
15.4
15.0
18.1
18.1
DO
4.6
4.2
3.5
7.4
LIC02
TEMP
	
-
18.1
17.7
DO
_
-
5.4
3.8
LIC08
TEMP
15.2
14.8
18.2
18.1
DO
4.4
4.2
6.1
6.2
LIC03
TEMP
_
-
18.8
18.8
DO
_
-
4.6
3.3
LIC09
TEMP
15.9
15.7
18.7
18.7
DO
3.5
3.1
2.7
4.1
LIC04
TEMP
16.7
16.2
18.0
18.0
DO
4.5
4.1
4.8
4.2
LIC11
TEMP
_
-
17.9
17.9
DO
_
-
5.9
5.9
LIC05
TEMP
15.4
15.3
18.4
18.0
DO
4.5
4.0
5.8
5.9
LIC06
TEMP DO
_ _»
-
18.3 5.4
18.4 5.2
LIC12
TEMP
	
-
17.6
17.5
DO
	
-
4.3
3.3





    TEMP = Water temperature °C
    DO   = Dissolved Oxygen mg/1

-------
VD
      Date
    07/20/74
    07/20/74
    08/05/74
    08/05/74
    09/23/74
    09/23/74
    02/11/75
     07/20/74
     07/20/74
     08/05/74
     08/05/74
     09/23/74
     09/23/74
     02/11/75
                                                     TABLE 13



                  SUMMARY OF BACTERIOLOGICAL DATA  (WATER  COLUMN)  COLLECTED  ALONG  LONG ISLAND SHORELINE

                             (Samples collected by boat approximately  100 yards from beach)
Top/Bottom
    T
    B
    T
    B
    T
    B
    ft
    T
    B
    T
    B
    T
    B
    ft
Station Identification Number
LIC01
TC
4
< 4
8
8
8
5
90
FC
< 4
< 4
< 2
< 2
2
< 2
172
LIC07
TC
4
4
7
8
8
2
70
FC
< 4
< 4
2
< 2
< 2
< --2
11
LIC02
TC

_
14
5
2
< 2
22
FC



<

<

_
-
2
2
2
2
11
LIC08
TC
< 4
< 4
4
5
8
5
2
FC
<
<
<
<
<

<
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
LIC03
TC
_
—
8
13
5
2
5
FC



<
<
<
<

_
2
2
2
2
2
LIC09
TC
4
< 4
< 2
2
2
2
17
FC
<
<
<
<

<

4
4
2
2
2
2
17
LIC04
LIC05
TC FC
< 4 <
100 <
5
2 <
7
8
4 <
LIC11
TC FC
_
- -
- -
_ -
5
2
- -
4
4
5
2
7
2
2
TC
< 4
< 4
7
4
23
8
8
FC
< 4
< 4
2
< 2
13
2
5
LIC06
TC FC
_
- -
8 < 2
4 < 2
17 2
7 2

LIC12





2
2

TC
_
-
13
2
5
< 2
5
FC
_
-
8
2
2
< 2
5








     TC  =  Total  Coliform (MPN/lOOml)
     FC  =  Fecal  Coliform (MPN/lOOml)
     <   =  Less  than
     T   =  Top -  Approximately  2  ft.  from  surface
     B   =  Bottom -  Approximately 2 ft.  from bottom
     *   =  10 ft.  from  surface

-------
                             TABLE 14

SUMMARY OF DATA (BOTTOM SEDIMENTS) COLLECTED ALONG LONG ISLAND COAST
   (Samples collected by boat approximately 100 yards from beach)
                                 Station Identification Number
Parameter
Total Coliform
(MPN/lOOg)
Fecal Coliform
(MPN/lOOg)
Salmonella
(Qualitative)
Total Organics
(mg/kg)
Cadmium
(mg/kg)
Chromium
(mg/kg)
Copper
(mg/kg)
Lead
(mg/kg)
Date
07/20/74
08/05/74
09/23/74
12/11/74
07/20/74
08/05/74
09/23/74
12/11/74
07/20/74
08/05/74
09/23/74
12/11/74
07/20/74
08/05/74
09/23/74
12/11/74
07/20/74
08/05/74
09/23/74
07/20/74
08/05/74
09/23/74
12/11/74
07/20/74
08/05/74
09/23/74
12/11/74
07/20/74
08/05/74
09/23/74
12/11/74
LIC01
230
50
330
34,800
80
20
20
1,720
Neg.
5,340
4,220
7,540
5,920
< 3
< 3
< 1
6.0
5.0
3.9
5.2
6.0
< 5
3.5
1.8
<50
<50
< 3
3.5
LIC02
< 20
20
1,300
< 20
< 20
230
--
1,360
4,870
2,910
< 3
< 1
6.0
6.3
7.7
7.0
< 2
< 1
<50
< 3
6.0
LIC03
< 20
130
7,900
< 20
< 20
1,090
--
1,480
4,770
5,950
< 3
< 1
7.0
5.8
9.9
9.0
2.0
1.4
<50
< 3
11.3
LIC04
330
130
330
34,800
40
20
< 20
7,900
Neg.
2,380
3,270
7,590
14,300
< 3
< 3
< 1
9.0
8.0
9.0
15.0
9.0
< 5
4.3
5.9
<50
<50
< 3
16.1
LIC05
230
50
490
1,090
20
< 20
80
330
Neg.
2,180
2,460
4,900
2,230
< 3
< 3
< 1
9.0
8.0
6.9
6.8
5.0
5.0
4.8
< 1
<50
<50
< 3
4.8
LIC06
130
2,210
< 20
490
--
4,200
< 1
4.6
3.5
< 3
LIC07
50
130
80
3,300
< 20
< 20
< 20
490
Neg.
1,580
5,230
4,150
2,900
< 3
< 3
< 1
7.0
8.0
5.0
4.5
5.0
49.0
3.0
1.7
<50
<50
< 3
2.4
LIC08
20
< 20
50
790
< 20
< 20
< 20
70
Neg.
2,740
3,690
5,170
4,600
< 3
< 3
< 1
12.0
8.0
8.0
6.3
6.0
14.0
3.5
1.1
<50
<50
< 3
4.7
LIC09
700
50
70
3,300
2
20
< 20
330
Neg.
24,700
3,450
1,790
5,220
< 3
< 3
< 1
6.0
8.0
6.1
9.1
6.0
< 5
4.3
2.1
<50
<50
< 3
5.2
LIC11
50
<
--
410
< 1
< 2
< 2
< 3
LIC12
40
20
80
20
< 20
< 20
--
3,840
4,360
4,660
< 3
< 1
8.0
5.7
7.5
< 5
2.0
< 1
<50
< 3
9.8

-------
                                                                       TABLE 14 (Cont)

                                            SUMMARY OF DATA (BOTTOM SEDIMENTS) COLLECTED ALONG LONG ISLAND COAST
                                               (Samples collected by boat approximately 100 yards from beach)
                                                                               Station Identification Number
Parameter
Nickel
(mg/kg)


Mercury
(mg/kg)

Arsenic
(mg/kg)

Date
07/20/74
08/05/74
09/23/74
12/11/74
07/20/74
08/05/74
09/23/74
07/20/74
08/05/74
09/23/74
LIC01
< 10
< 10
3.9
1.9
0.73
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.8
LI CO 2

< 10
< 0.5
< 1
--
0.9
0.3
--
0.9
< 0.5
LI CO 3

< 10
1.0
< 1
--
3.7
0.2
--
0.6
1.3
LIC04
< 10
< 10
1.1
2.25
1.2
2.0
0.4
< 0.5
1.7
2.4
LIC05
< 10
< 10
0.7
< 1
0.67
0.5
0.3
0.8
0.6
1.6
LIC06

--
<0.5
--
--
--
0.4
--
--
< 0.5
LIC07
< 10
< 10
0.8
< 1
0.43
0.1
0.3
< 0.5
0.8
1.3
LIC08
< 10
< 10
1.0
< I
0.77
0.5
0.3
1.1
1.8
4.0
LIC09
< 10
< 10
1.3
< 1
1.4
< 0.1
0.3
0.5
1.6
2.0
LIC11
	
--
< 0.5
--
--
--
0.2
--
--
< 0.5
LIC12
	
< 10
< 0.5
< 1
--
1.2
0.6
--
0.5
0.9
oo  Neg.  - Sought but not detected

-------
                                                 TABLE 15

            Summary of Water Quality Date (Water Column) Collected Along New Jersey Shoreline

                      (Samples Collected By Boat Approximately 100 Yards from Beach)
Date
Top/Bottom
Station Identification Number
8/6/74
8/6/74
9/12/74
9/12/74
8/6/74
8/6/74
9/12/74
9/12/74
    T
    B
    T
    B
    T
    B
    T
    B
JC01A
Temp
22.0
21.0
-
—
JC11
Temp
21.6
19.6
-
-
DO
7.9
7.1
4.9
5.2

DO
10.0
6.4
7.6
4.1
Tern
21.
20.
-
—

Tern
21.
20.
-
-
JC02
E DO
9 7.4
5 7.1
4.9
5.0
JC14
£ DO
5 10.4
6 10.0
5.8
6.1

Tern
21.
21.
-
—

Tern
19.
17.
-
-
JC03
E £0
4 9.5
4 9.5
6.5
6.0
JC21
E DO
0 6.1
6 6.0
6.4
5.7

Tern
21.
20.
-
—

Tern
17.
16.
-
-
JC05
E DO
5 9.5
2 9.5
7.3
5.2
JC24
E DO
1 5.0
1 4.9
6.3
5.4

Tern
21.
19.
-
~

Tern
17.
14.
-
-
JC08
E DO
7 9.4
1 8.8
8.2
4.2
JC27
p_ DO
6 4.5
4 2.8
5.9
5.4
Temp = Water Temperature  C
DO   = Dissolved Oxygen mg/1

-------
                                                      TABLE 16



                  SUMMARY OF BACTERIOLOGICAL  DATA (WATER COLUMN)  COLLECTED ALONG NEW JERSEY SHORELINE

                             (Samples  collected  by boat  approximately 100 yards from beach)
       Date
00
u>
      08/06/74
      08/06/74
      09/12/74
      09/12/74
      02/27/75
      02/27/75
      08/06/74
      08/06/74
      09/12/74
      09/12/74
      02/27/75
      02/27/75
Top/Bottom
Station Identification Number
     T
     B
     T
     B
     T
     B
     T
     B
     T
     B
     T
     B
JC01A
TC
130
46
1,300
230
172
172
FC
< 2
4
49
79
70
30
JC02
TC
49
33
790
172
230
70
FC
2
2
221
23
22
5
JC03
TC
22
17
109
79
79
109
FC
4
< 2
14
17
8
11
JC05
TC
2
8
230
49
49
26
FC
< 2
2
22
2
2
4
JC08
TC
5
8
79
23
49
17
FC
< 2
2
23
2
< 2
5
                                           JC11
                                       JC14
                JC21
JC24
JC27
TC
T:
31
33
23
33
17
FC
2
8
2
8
2
< 2
TC
114
330
8
7
11
63
FC
70
79
2
2
5
8
TC
230
330
141
3,480
49
33
FC
79
49
109
330
33
2
TC
23
49
490
490
130
49
FC
5
14
230
70
22
7
TC
49
33
49
2
13

FC
49
< 2
22
< 2
< 2

      TC = Total Coliform (MPN/lOOml)
      FC = Fecal Coliform (MPN/lOOml)
      <  = Less than
      T  = Top - Approximately 2 ft.  from surface
      B  = Bottom - Approximately 2 ft,  from bottom

-------
                                                                         TABLE 17
                                          Summary of Data  (Bottom Sediments) Collected Along the New Jersey Coast
(Samples Collected by Boat
Parameter
Total Coliform
(MPN/lOOg)
Fecal Coliform
(MPN/lOOg)
Salmonella
(qualitative)
Total Organics
(mg/kg)
Cadmium
(mg/kg)
Chromium
(mg/kg)
Copper
(mg/kg)
Lead
(mg/kg)
Nickel
(mg/kg)
Mercury
(mg/kg)
Arsenic
(mg/kg)
Date
08/6/74
09/12/74
12/12/74
08/6/74
09/12/74
12/12/74
08/6/74
09/12/74
08/6/74
09/12/74
12/12/74
08/6/74
09/12/74
08/6/74
09/12/74
12/12/74
08/6/74
09/12/74
12/12/74
08/6/74
09/12/74
12/12/74
08/6/74
09/12/74
12/12/74
08/6/74
09/12/74
08/6/74
09/12/74

JC01
80
1,090
1,300
<20
130
70
Neg
8,220
8,840
11,900
< 3
< 1
14.0
9.2
18.0
< 5
3.0
1.2
<50
<50
8.7
<10
6.0
2.7
< 0.1
< 0.2
1.7
3.0

JC02
170
330
1,090
< 20
330
170
-
3,070
5,150
17,500
< 3
< 1
5.0
5.1
24.0
< 5
< 2
1.7
<50
<50
8.4
<10
2.0
4.0
< 0.1 •.
0.3
1.3
3.2

JC03
70
50
790
< 20
< 20
230
Neg
8,940
4,310
11,900
< 3
< 1
18.0
5.1
18.0
5.0
< 2
1.5
<50
<50
10.7
<10
< 2
2.2
< 0.1
< 0.2
2.1
0.8
Approximately 100 Yards
from Beach)



Station Identification Number
JC05
50
130
230
< 20
20
50
—
7,640
10,460
11,400
< 3
< 1
11.0
6.9
13.0
5.0
< 2
1.5
<50
<50
23.6
<10
3.0
2.2
< 0.1
< 0.2
3.0
3.0
JC08
230
130
330
20
< 20
70
—
14,900
23,040
24,300
< 3
< 1
30.0
30.3
27.0
5.0
3.0
1.4
<50
<50
37.0
<10
7.0
4.0
0.2
< 0.2
2.9
13.2
JC11
790
50
790
170
20
50
-
12,400
22,300
22,800
< 3
< 1
20.0
23.1
36.0
< 5
3.0
1.4
<50
<50
16.5
<10
7.0
3.1
< 0.1
0.3
4.7
15.9
JC14
24,000
170
7,_000
7,900
20
490
Neg
9,980
15,700
16,500
< 3
< 1
32.0
32.9
46.0
5.0
3.0
2.6
<50
<50
23.4
<10
4.2
0.1
0.3
2.7
7.55
JC21
490
940
80
110
130
< 20
:
14,100
16,200
14,700
< 3
< 1
23.0
16.4
24.0
< 5
2.0
1.8
<50
<50
30.9
<10
5.0
3.8
< 0.1
0.2
3.4
7.0
JC24
230
490
4,900
130
220
210
:
12,200
14,800
3,150
< 3
< 1
15.0
12.3
3.6
5.0
3.0
< 1
<50
<50
4.6
<10
4.0
0.5
1.0
0.2
2.7
4.1
JC27
170
110
4^600
20
50
220
~
13,550
9,430
4,170
< 3
< 1
6.0
4.6
7.5
< 5
< 2
< 1
<50
<50
9.6
<10
< 2
0.9
0.1
0.3
3.7'
9.0
Neg. - Sought but not detected

-------
                                                       TABLE 18


                    SUMMARY  OF WATER QUALITY DATA (WATER COLUMN)  COLLECTED ALONG LONG ISLAND TRANSECT
       Date
Top/Bottom
                         Station Identification Number
                                          NYB40
                                            NYB41
                                                 NYB42
                                          NYB43

10/23/74
10/23/74

T
B
TC
5
5
FC DO
2 8.3
2 8.0
TC
172
5
FC
49
< 2
DO
8.1
6.4
TC
141
330
FC
70
109
DO
8.2
8.3
TC
31
5
FC DO
8 8.8
< 2 7.1
00
Ui
     10/23/74

     10/23/74
    T

    B
                                      TC
                                          NYB44
                        FC   DO
  8     2   8.3

< 2   < 2   8.0
                                            NYB45
                       TC
FC   DO
                                                 NYB46
TC
FC   DO
TC
                                          NYB47
FC   DO
     TC = Total Coliform (MPN/lOOml)
     FC = Fecal Coliform (MPN/lOOml)
     DO = Dissolved Oxygen (mg/1)
      < = Less than

-------
                                                     TABLE  19
                        SUMMARY OF DATA (BOTTOM SEDIMENTS)  COLLECTED ALONG LONG ISLAND TRANSECT
                                                              Station  Identification Number
00
Parameter
Total Coliform
(MPN/lOOg)
Fecal Coliform
(MPN/lOOg)
Salmonella
(Qualitative)
Total Organics
(mg/kg)
Cadmium
(mg/kg)
Chromium
(mg/kg)
Copper
(mg/kg)
Lead
(mg/kg)
Nickel
(mg/kg)
Mercury
(mg/kg)
Arsenic
(mg/kg)
Date
10/23/74
12/05/74
10/23/74
12/05/74
10/23/74
12/05/74
10/23/74
12/05/74
10/23/74
12/05/74
10/23/74
12/05/74
10/23/74
12/05/74
10/23/74
. 12/05/74
10/23/74
12/05/74
10/23/74
12/05/74
10/23/74
12/05/74
NYB40
87
1,410
20
230
—
7,390
8,370
< 0.1
6.1
11.0
12.0
3.0
< 4
<20
2.3
2.0
0.2
< 0.5
NYB41
2,300
460
40
50
—
6,130
15,700
< 0.1
5.3
10.0
11.0
2.0
< 4
20.0
1.3
3.0
0'.2
4.1
NYB42
110
< 20
< 20
< 20
Neg.
16,400
27,100
0.1
14.8
16.0
12.0
6.0
6.0
30.0
4.4
7.0
0.1
18.9
NYB43
170
20
50
< 20
Neg.
30,900
35,600
1.9
74.6
65.0
65.0
65.0
10.0
80.0
15.0
19.0
3.3
9.9
NYB44
790
330
130
80
-~
18,500
25,000
1.7
34.1
30.0
53.0
30.0
20.0
60.0
5.4
10.0
2.8
5.4
NYB45
10,900
790
4,900
50
—
32,400
:
67.0
50.0
170.0
20.0
—
—
   Neg. - Sought but not detected

-------