unnea states
Environmental Protection
Agency
Region 6
1201 Elm Street
Dallas, Texas 75270
EPA 906/9-80-003:

July 1980
Air
Performance  Survey  of
Ambient Air Monitors
EPA Region  6

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"This document is available to the public through the National
 Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia  22151."

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EPA #906/9-80-003
              PERFORMANCE  SURVEY  OF  AMBIENT  AIR  MONITORS
                             EPA  REGION  6
                                June  1980
                               Prepared  by
                               G.  F.  Maier
                               F.  K.  Arey
                      Research Triangle Institute
             Research Triangle Park,  North  Carolina  27709
                                 for  the
                 U.  S. Environmental  Protection  Agency
                       1201  Elm  Street,  Suite  2800
                         Dallas,  Texas   75270
                          Contract  #68-06-0011


                     T. A. Matzke,  Project  Officer
    "This report has  been  reviewed  by  T.A.  Matzke,  EPA,  and ap-
    proved for publication.   Approval  does  not  signify that the
    contents necessarily reflect  the views  and  policies  of  the
    Environmental Protection  Agency, nor  does mention of trade
    names or commercial products  constitute endorsement  or  re-
    commendation for  use."

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                               CONTENTS
                                                                Page
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS	 iii

Section

  1.0  INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY	  1
       1.1  Introduction	  1
       1.2  Summary	  2
  2.0  PERFORMANCE AUDITS	  3
       2.1  General	  3
       2.2  Outline of Procedures	  3
            2.2.1  Total Suspended Particulate	  3
            2.2.2  Sulfur Dioxide	  3
            2.2.3  Ozone	  4
            2.2.4  Nitrogen Dioxide	  5
            2.2.5  Carbon Monoxide	  5
            2.2.6  Wind Speed, Wind Direction, Temperature	  6
  3.0  SUMMARY OF AUDIT RESULTS	  7
  4.0  SITE/SYSTEM EVALUATION	 14
       4.1  General	 14
       4.2  Outline of Procedures	 14
            4.2.1  Site Identification	 14
            4.2.2  Site Classification	 14
            4.2.3  Topography, Meteorology  and Climatology	 15
            4.2.4  Obstructions and Sampling  Information........ 15
            4.2.5  Site Representativeness	 15
  5.0  RECOMMENDATION FOR USE OF  SITE/SYSTEM  EVALUATION  FORMS... 16
  APPENDIX A	 17
  APPENDIX B	 26
                                   ii

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                            ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
     Work  on  this  project was performed  in the Environmental  Measure-
ments Department,  Systems and Measurements  Division,  of Research  Tri-
angle Institute  (RTI).   Mr.  C.  E. Decker, Manager of  the Environmental
Measurements  Department, served  as  the  Program Manager  with  overall
responsibility for  the  project.   Mr.  G.  F. Maier,  RTI  Project  Leader,
was responsible  for coordination  of  assigned tasks.
     Numerous individuals within  RTI participated in  the technical  work
and contributed  to  the  success  of the program.  Principal  participants
for RTI  were as follows:   F.  K.  Arey, E.  F.  Peduto,  Jr.,  W.  J. King,
and W. D.  Bach,  Jr.
     Ms. P.  Schraufnagel of  the Ambient Monitoring Section  and  Dr.  T.A.
Matzke,  Chief of the  Region  6 Ambient Monitoring Section, served as the
EPA  Project  Officers.    Ms.  Schraufnagel  and Dr.   Matzke  supplied
technical  support and guidance throughout  the  program.
                                   iii

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                              SECTION 1.0
                       INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
1.1  INTRODUCTION

     The Research  Triangle  Institute (RTI),  in  accordance  with provi-
sions of EPA contract  number  68-06-0011,  conducted performance surveys
of sixty-seven  (67)  ambient  air  monitoring  sites in  the  states under
the  jurisdiction  of  Region 6  of  the Environmental  Protection Agency.
This report contains a general discussion of all activities completed,
a  summary  of  audit results,  and  an outline of  the  performance survey
procedures.
     The  performance  surveys  consisted  of  site evaluations,  system
evaluations, and performance  audits.  Site report  folders, two each for
Prevention  of  Significant Deterioration  (PSD) sites and  four  each for
National Air  Monitoring  Station  (NAMS)  sites,  were prepared  for each
monitoring  location and submitted to EPA.   The  site report folder in-
cluded:  (1) a  written report with statements about the site  location,
performance audit  results,  data  quality, and general  comments;  (2)  a
set  of  field  audit report  sheets;  (3) a site/system  evaluation form;
and  (4)  a  site map.    The  evaluation  forms used for  sites  evaluated
prior to January  1980 were modified NAMS Hard  Copy Information  (NHCI)
Report  Forms  (see  Appendix  A).   The  evaluation forms  used  for  the
twelve NAMS sites  completed after January 1, 1980, were NAMS  Hard Copy
Information Report and Site  Evaluation Forms,  dated  October  31, 1979
and  were  supplied by  the  EPA Monitoring and Data  Analysis  Division,
Office of Air Quality  Planning  and Standards (see  Appendix B).
     The audit  results are  presented under  one  of two categories: (1)
PSD or privately  funded monitoring sites; or  (2)  state or  local moni-
toring sites.   The state and local monitoring  sites  were  either pro-
posed NAMS sites (prior to  January 1, 1980)  or active  NAMS  sites  (after
January 1, 1980).

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1.2  SUMMARY
     The sixty-seven  ambient  air monitoring  sites  were almost  equally
divided  between PSD  sites  and NAMS  sites.   The  thirty-two  (32)  PSD
sites were located, by state, as follows:

                           Texas           19
                           Arkansas         0
                           Louisiana        9
                           Oklahoma         0
                           New Mexico       4

     The  thirty-five  (35) NAMS  sites  were located,  by state,  as  fol-
lows:

                           Texas           12
                           Arkansas         6
                           Louisiana        0
                           Oklahoma        12
                           New Mexico       5

The  twelve NAMS  sites in Texas  were the only ones  which were evaluated
after the NAMS  activation date of January  1,  1980.
     In  general,  the site  reports presented  earlier  indicated  that
state and local air monitoring stations (SLAMS)  more often met  or  ex-
ceeded  siting and  performance  audit  criteria  than  did  Prevention  of
Significant Deterioration  (PSD)  monitoring sites.  Problems at  the  PSD
sites  were  attributed  to  inexperienced  personnel  and/or incomplete
understanding  of  either  calibration  procedures  or  monitoring  guide-
lines.   A good understanding of  and  documentation  of procedures  was
evident  at certain contractor's  sites.  The  governmental agencies  gen-
erally scored well  on the performance  audit section of  the  survey;  how-
ever, a  number  of  problems  with  sample  inlet  configuration  or  probe
placement were  noted.

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                              SECTION 2.0
                          PERFORMANCE AUDITS
2.1  GENERAL

     Multiple-point audits were conducted on gaseous analyzers, partic-
ulate  samplers and  meteorological  sensors.    The  parameters  audited
were:    total  suspended  particulates,  sulfur  dioxide,  ozone,  nitric
oxide, nitrogen dioxide,  total oxides of nitrogen, and  carbon monoxide.
The meteorological parameters, wind  speed, wind direction, and tempera-
ture, were audited when applicable.

2.2  OUTLINE OF PROCEDURES

2.2.1  Total Suspended Particulate

     Reference:  "Quality Assurance  Handbook for Air Pollution Measure-
ment Systems, Vol. II"; Section 2.2.8, EPA-600/4-77-027a, May 1977.
     Equipment:   Reference  Flow  (ReF)  Device  (reference orifice with
five resistance plates).
     Procedure:
     1.   Set up equipment.
     2.   Determine the audit  flow  rate, under either actual  or standard
          conditions  of  temperature  and  pressure, for  the  appropriate
          resistance  plates  and the  associated  flow indicator reading.
     3.   Convert flow indicator  reading  to sampler flow  rate using  the
          supplied calibration curve.

2.2.2  Sulfur  Dioxide

     Reference:  "Reference  and  Equivalent Methods," Federal  Register,
40 CFR 50.11,  Appendix A.

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     Equipment:   Cylinder of  SCK  span gas  (traceable  to National  Bu-
reau of Standards); dilution  device;  clean air supply (either  cylinder
or scrubbed air).
     Procedure:
     1.  Set up equipment.
     2.  Prepare  known   concentration  of   SC>2  by  diluting   the   SC>2
         from  the  cylinder with known volume  of  SC>2~free air.   Record
         concentration.
     3.  Allow monitor  to sample mixture  until  its  signal output  sta-
         bilizes.
     4.  Record output.
     5.  Repeat steps for  2,  3,  and 4 other  concentration levels.

2.2.3  Ozone

     Reference:  Federal  Register Vol. 44, No. 28, February 8,  1979.
     Equipment:    Ozone  generator,  UV  photometer  transfer   standard,
     clean air supply.
     Procedure:
     1.  Set up equipment.
     2.  Supply  concentration  of  0-j simultaneously  to  the  UV  photo-
         meter  transfer  standard  and to  the analyzer  being  audited.
     3.  Allow  monitor to  sample concentration  and signal  output  to
         stabilize.   Record  the 0^ concentration  as  determined  by  the
         photometer and the ozone analyzer.
     4.  Repeat steps 2 and 3 for other concentration levels.

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2.2.4  Total Oxides of Nitrogen

     Reference:   "Technical Assistance  Document  for the Chemilumines-
cent Measurement  of Nitrogen  Dioxide."   EPA-600/4-75-003,  April 1975.
     Equipment:   Dynamic  dilution system,  cylinder  of  NO  span  gas
(traceable to National Bureau of Standards SRM), Ozone generator, zero
air source (cylinder of zero air or clean air supply).
     Procedure:
     1.  Set up equipment.
     2.  Allow monitor to  sample zero air.  Allow output to stabilize.
     3.  Adjust NO flow  to generate an upper NO concentration.  Allow
         sampler  signal  output to  stabilize.   Record the  NO and  NOX
         response.
     4.  Generate  additional  NO  concentrations.    Record   the  NO  and
         NOX responses.
     5.  Generate  a  NO concentration  of about  90% of  the NO range.
         Using  the NO  and NOX calibration curves,  measure  and record
         the  90%  NO concentration as  "NO original" and the 90%  NOX
         concentration as  "NOX original."
         Adjust  the  0^ generator  to  produce,  by gas  phase  titration
         of  NO,  an N0£ concentration  of about  80% of  the N0£ range.
         Allow  the instrument  response to  stabilize,  then  determine
         (from  the calibration curves)  the  resultant NO and NOX re-
         sponses  as  "NO  remaiming" and  "NOX remaining."  Record  the
         stable N0£ response.
     7.  Repeat  step  6 with  various  0-j concentrations  to  obtain the
         other  desired N02 concentrations.
     8.  Determine the converter efficiency.

2.2.5  Carbon Monoxide

     Reference: "Guidelines for Development  of a Quality Assurance Pro-
gram; Reference Method for the  Continuous Measurement  of Carbon Monox-
ide in the Atmosphere," EPA-R4-73-028a,  June 1973.

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     Equipment:  Cylinder of CD span gas  (traceable  to National  Bureau
of Standards), dilution device, clean air supply.
     Procedure:
     1.  Set up equipment.
     2.  Prepare known concentrations of CO  by diluting  the CO  from
         the cylinder  with  a known volume of  CO-free air.  Record  the
         concentration.
     3.  Allow the monitor  to  sample the mixture until its  signal  out-
         put stabilizes.  Record  output.
     4.  Repeat steps  2 and 3  for other concentration levels.

2.2.6  Wind Speed, Wind Direction,  and Temperature

     Reference:  RTI established  procedures.
     Equipment:  Magnetic compass,  hand-held  anemometer,  NBS-traceable
mercury thermometer.
     Procedure:
     1.  Set up  equipment,  climb meteorological tower  to be in close
         proximity to  actual sensors.
     2.  Make  magnetic compass readings of the four cardinal points.
         Manually orient  the wind direction vane to  agree with the com-
         pass  direction.  Compare instrument's  indicated  wind direction
         for each directional  point with the magnetic compass reading
         (after correction  for magnetic declination).
     3.  Check wind speed zero reading by manually  stopping the  motion
         of the sensor cups.   Check wind  speed  by direct  comparison of
         sensor output with output of anemometer held and  operated at
         same  height  as wind  speed sensor.   Compare several  readings
         and average.
     4.  Set up mercury thermometer in close  proximity  to site  temper-
         ature  sensor.   Shield  thermometer  from  direct   sunlight  and
         hot surfaces,  yet  provide  free air circulation.   Compare  read-
         ings.

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                              SECTION 3.0
                       SUMMARY OF AUDIT RESULTS
     Results of  the  performance audits of  chemical and meteorological
sensors are summarized  in  this  section in Table  1.   More detailed  in-
formation may be found  in  the site report folders submitted in earlier
reports.
     Variation of  site  sensor response from the audit concentration or
reading is  expressed in one  of  several  ways.   For  the continuous  am-
bient  air  pollutant  analyzers  (e.g.,   03,   NO,   N02»  NOX,  CO,   and
802) where multiple  point  audits were made, the  variation is  given as
the percentage difference from unity of the slope of the linear regres-
sion  equation,   relating  the  audit concentrations  and  the indicated
analyzer response  concentrations.   For example, in  the case  of
              site analyzer concentration response,ppm
                 0.960(audit concentration,ppm)+0.000
           The site analyzer's variation is listed as being
                   (0.960-1.000)100, or -4 percent.
In the case of the Total Suspended Particulate  (TSP) audit of high vol-
ume samplers,  the variation of  the  sampler's  indicated flow rate from
the expected audit  flow rate is expressed as the percentage difference
of the average of the  several  flow rates audited.  Several sites, such
as station 10S, had more than  one high volume sampler.

% difference=100[(sampler flowrate - audit flowrate)/(audit flowrate)]

This  same  way of  expressing  variation  was  used  with  certain of  the
S02 monitors  that  had  non-linear responses  and where application  of
the linear  least squares  regression equation  would  be  inappropriate.
In these cases the  percentage  difference for each point  was determined
and an average percentage  difference was  entered  in  the table.   These
cases are marked with an asterisk  (*).

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     For  wind  speed,  wind  direction,  and  ambient  temperature,  the
variation  is  expressed  simply as  the  signed  difference  between the
sensor   response   and  the   audit   determination.     The   units  are
meters/second  (m/s),  degrees compass,  and  degrees  celsius,  respec-
tively.

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TABLE 1.  SUMMARY OF AUDIT  RESULTS
Station
Identification
01S
02S
03S
04 S
05 S

06S
07 S
OSS
09 S
10S



IIS
12S
13S
14S


15S

°3
-26.2
	
	
	
	

____
	
	
	
	




	
	
13.5


9.8
Percent Deviation
NO
1I 	 ._
	
	
	
	

1M __. . ,
	
	
	
	



-66.0
-64.8
-87.9
- 3.2


9.8
N02
___
	
	
	
	

___
	
	
	
	



41.4
54.3
106.2
- 4.9


4.4
N0x
- 3.5
	
	
	
	

___
	
	
	
	



14.1
14.1
13.4
- 2.7


-10.7
CO
___
	
	
	
	

___i— 	
	
	
	
	




	
	
	



so2
-34.9
	
	
	
	

___
	
	
	
	



- 9.8
24.9
5.6
*-24.4


- 5.9

TSP
17.2
-16.3
- 1.5
- 1.5
- 0.3
5.9
- 8.3
- 6.0
- 7.3
- 7.4
2.0
- 3.4
- 3.5
2.1
- 4.7
- 0.9
10.1
- 0.5
- 9.2
- 7.0
- 9.7

Deviation
Wind
Speed
m/s
1.7
1.4
0.3
2.7
	

___
	
	
	
	



<+2.0
<+2.0
<+2.0
<+2.0



Wind
Direction
"Compass
-25
<+ 1
-35
<+ 1
	

-^M-_
	
	
	
	



<+ 5
<+ 5
<+ 5
<+ 5




Ambient
Temp.
°C
- 3.6
-12.4
- 4.8
- 1.2
	

___..
	
	
	





	
	
<+ 1.0


<+ 1.0

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TABLE 1.  Continued
Station
Identification
16S
17S
18S
19S




20S



21S



22S



23S
24S
25S
Percent Deviation
°3
___
	
	
	




	



___



	



	
	

NO
8.5
22.0
11.6
13.6




18.7



12.7



14.4



	
	

N02
3.3
17.4
11.7
6.6




12.9



8.7



11.0



	
	

NOX
7.7
15.7
-10.9
13.9




23.6



14.5



14.4



	
	

CO
___
	
	
	




	



___



	



	
	
0.7
so2
*- 90.0
*-131.9
*- 98.8
*- 75.7




* 25.9



38.0



44.8



	
	

TSP
- 8.1
	
	
10.2
- 1.6
20.6
- 5.7
6.8
4.9
-6.7
-9.3
4.3
- 6.4
- 1.6
- 1.7
-10.5
- 1.8
- 2.5
-10.1
4.9
6.1
29.6
36.5
Deviation
Wind
Speed
m/s
.__
	
	
<+2.0




<+2.0



<+2.0



<+2.0



	
	

Wind
Direction
"Compass
___
	
	
<± 5




<+ 5



<+ 5



<± 5



	
	

Ambient
Temp.
°C
<+ 1.0
<+ 1.0
<+ 1.0
<+ 1.0




<+ 1.0



<+ 1.0



<+ 1.0



	
	


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TABLE 1.  Continued
Station
Identification
26S
27S

28S
29S
30S
31S
32S
33S
34S
35S
36S

37S
38S
39S
40S
Percent Deviation
°3
___
27.0
- 4.8
- 7.0
	
...

- 4.5
	
	



	
	
	
37.6
NO
___
	

	
	
~

	
	
	

-14.8

	
	
	

N02
___
	

	
	
_

	
	
	

14.8

	
	
	

NOV
A.
___
	

	
	
_

	
	
	



	
	
	

CO
___
	

	
	
...

	
	
-3.2

-3.0

	
	
	

so2
_-_
	

	
	
_

- 46.8
	
	

- 28.4

	
	
	
_
TSP
44.5
	

	
- 0.6
- 5.8
- 4.9
	
4.8
0.8
- 1.3
- 6.2
- 6.4
	
- 4.3
- 4.5
...
Deviation
Wind
Speed
m/s
___
	

	
	
...

<+2.0
	
<+2.0



	
	
	
""""
Wind
Direction
"Compass
___
	

	
	
_

<± 5
	
<+ 5



	
	
	
-"•
Ambient
Temp.
°C
_„
	

	
	
...

<+ 1.0
	
	
~~


	
	
	
— — —

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                                                   TABLE  1.  Continued
Station
Identification
41S
42S
43S
44S
45S
46S
47S

48S
49S


50S

51S

52S

53S
54S
55S

°3
_— 	
15.1
	
	


	

	
	


	



1.7

4.2
	
- 0.9

NO
—._.
	
	
	


	

	
	


	



- 2.9

	
22.6
~" *^— ~


Percent Deviation
N02
___
	
	
	


- 4.4

	
	


	



0.4

	
	
___
NOX
___
	
	
	


	

	
	


	



- 1.6

	
10.4
___
CO
___
	
	
	
~

	

	
	


	



-1.1

	
	
___
so2
- 8.1
	
	
	
~
- 23.4
- 25.2

110.0
	


	



- 16.8

	
	
___
TSP

	
- 2.1
-10.5
-13.8
1.8
2.3
3.0
1.4
-12.9
0.1
-12.0
- 3.9
- 1.8
-17.0
- 3.1
4.5
9.9
	
	
___
Deviation
Wind
Speed
m/s

	
	
	
...

	

	
<+1.0


	



<+1.0

	
	
-•-" — ^
Wind
Direction
"Compass
___
	
	
	
-

	

	
-10


	



	

	
	
•™

Ambient
Temp.
°C
___
	
	
	
...

	

	
<+1.0


	



<+_2.0

	
	
— —
ro

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TABLE 1.  Continued
Station
Identification
56S
57S
58S
59S
60S
61S
62S
63S
64S
65S
66S
67S
Percent Deviation
°3
___
	
8.0
	
-12.1
3.6
	
	
	



NO
>_ 	 	 _
	
	
	


	
	
	



N02
___
	
	
	


	
	
	



NOx
___
	
	
	


	
	
	



CO
___
	
	
	

4.0
	
	
	



so2
___
	
	
	


	
	
	



TSP
- 1.2
14.1
14.5
-21.9

-14.2
- 1.1
7.4
- 0.1
- 2.5
- 7.2
- 2.4
Deviation
Wind
Speed
m/s
___
	
	
	


	
	
	



Wind
Direction
"Compass
___
	
	
	


	
	
	
_


Ambient
Temp.
°C
_____
	
	
	


	
	
	




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                              SECTION  4.0
                        SITE/SYSTEM EVALUATION
4.1  GENERAL

     Site  evaluations  were performed for  each  site visited using  the
modified NAMS  Hard Copy  Information Report Forms,  and  the NAMS  Hard
Copy Information  Report  and Site Evaluation Forms  shown in  Appendices
A and B, respectively.   These forms were used as a step-by-step  guide
and check  to  consistently  and  collectively assess  the numerous  vari-
ables involved in evaluating  the  siting  of  the monitoring  stations.

4.2  OUTLINE OF PROCEDURES

4.2.1  Site Identification

     Some  information  in this section,  such as the site location,  was
entered  by the auditor.    More specific information,  such as  census
tract numbers, SAROAD  site  code,  or state  agency  and local agency site
numbers,  was  obtained  from   the  specific sources.    United  States
Geological  Survey (USGS)  maps (7.5 minute)  were  used  to  obtain  UTM
coordinates for each site.
     A  set of  eight directional  color  photographs  were taken  at  each
site and were included  in the earlier  reports.    An  eight-millimeter
color movie  was  also made  at each site.   Based  on these photographs
and movies,  a detailed  site  map  was  produced for inclusion  in  each
site's  audit  report.   A quarter-mile  radius  map,   based  on  the  USGS
maps, was  also included  as  part of the  site evaluation report.

4.2.2  Site Classification

     The dominating source  influences on the sites  and land use around
the sites  were determined by  driving in the areas  around  the  site and
                                   14

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noting significant  factors.   A magnetic compass was used  in  this  sur-
vey to establish  the correct  orientation.
     The mobile  source worksheets (see  Appendix  A) were  completed  by
observation and  by  use of a  compass  and tape measure.  Average  daily
traffic  counts  were obtained from the  various  departments of  trans-
portation.  Knowledge  of the  distance  of  the sites from  these  mobile
sources was critical to  proper evaluation  of  the  sites.

4.2.3  Topography,  Meteorology and Climatology

     The topographical character and its potential for  influence  were
determined  by visual  observation  of the areas  surrounding the  sites
and from USGS topographical maps.
     Meteorological and climatological  surveys  for the various  sites
visited were  supplied  by meteorologists  from  RTI.   Meteorological  data
were supplied by  various weather services.

4.2.4  Obstructions and  Sampling Information

     Possible probe and  air flow obstructions were listed  with respect
to  size,  distance,  and  directions from the probe.  Detailed  sampling
manifold and/or  probe  descriptions were given for each site.   The tape
measure  and magnetic  compass were  employed  by  the  auditors to  give
precise measurements of  distance and direction.
     Ambient  analyzer  and  monitor  information were  included in  the
site evaluation  reports.  Instrument manufacturer, model  number,  ser-
ial number, SAROAD  method code,  and  sampling  frequency were listed for
each site  for every instrument utilized.  The method  of pollutant de-
tection  employed  by various analyzers,  an essential piece of  informa-
tion for planning  and interpreting  performance  audits, was  also  re-
corded.

4.2.5  Site Representativeness

     This  section of  the NAMS Hard  Copy Information  Report  was  util-
ized as a  checklist summary for all  pollutants  monitored at each site.
A  representative scale,  various  averages,  and monitoring  objectives
were chosen for  each pollutant parameter.

                                   15

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                             SECTION  5.0
        RECOMMENDATION FOR USE  OF  SITE/SYSTEM  EVALUATION  FORMS
     Completed  site/system  evaluation forms give  a very detailed  and
informative description of  the  sites.   The purpose of the forms  is  to
identify site/systems  that  may  not be within the criteria set  for  the
required monitoring  objectives  and to  identify  any problems that  may
lead to unrepresentative data collection,  such as  obstructions  to air-
flows, biased  sources, topographical  features,  distances from mobile
sources,  etc.    In  using the  forms to  evaluate the  quality  of data
collected at the  site,  all  aspects of the form  should be collectively
scrutinized with  emphasis  given to obvious  location problems.    There
is a set  criteria that must be  followed for each  pollutant parameter
being studied.  For  example,  the dimensions and location of the  samp-
ling probe are  extremely important facts and should be used  as  primary
tools in  evaluating  a site.  Each parameter has defined  requirements.
If a common probe is being  utilized for several pollutants, the  probe
location must  satisfy criteria  for all  the pollutant  parameters.   The
site forms are  designed to  answer  these questions.
     The  site   evaluation  forms  are  extremely  important and  are  in-
strumental  in  assuring data  quality.    Just as  performance audits  of
analyzers indicate the validity  of data, a site/system performance  au-
dit indicates whether the instruments  are exposed  to bona fide,  repre-
sentative, ambient samples  that travels through an  appropriate  intake
manifold.  Therefore,  it  is important to utilize all  variables  in  the
site/system forms to fully  interpret  the data  collected  at  a site.
                                 16

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                   APPENDIX  A
MODIFIED NAMS HARD COPY  INFORMATION  REPORT  FORMS
                        17

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A. SITE IDENTIFICATION
   1. State
   2. City
   3. Name of urbanized area
   4. Census tract no.
   5. SAROAD site code
   6. State agency site no.
   7. Local agency site no.
   8. Site location

   9. Names of nearest intersecting streets
  lOa.  Pollutants monitored at this site

  10b.  Additional parameters monitored at this site

   11.  Report prepared by

        Research Triangle Institute
        Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709
   12.  Phone no.   (919) 541-6886
   13.  Date
   14.  Outstanding landmarks

   15.  Site map — next page
   16.  Site photographs — following page
   17.  UTM coordinates
        Zone
        East                                        North
                                             18

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B. SITE CLASSIFICATION
   1. Dominating influence of site
       	Point	Area	Mobile	Other (describe)
    2. Briefly describe how the dominating influence was determined.
    3.  Land use within %-mile radius of site
                           Density                      Distance and
           Urban          factor (%)                   direction from site
         Residential
         Commercial
         Industrial
         Mobile
         Other (describe)

           Nonurban
         Agriculture
         Forest
         Desert
         Industrial
         Mobile
         Other (describe)
    4. Predominant land use by direction
         N
         NE
         E
         SE
         S
         sw
         w
         NW
                                               19

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                                            MOBILE SOURCE WORKSHEET
    5. Mobile sources that may influence the site (all pollutants except SO2>:
                                                             Names of roadways (nearest to site first)
    Type of roadway (check one)
Arterial highway
Expressway
Freeway
Major street or highway
Through street or highway
Local street or road
Direction(s) of travel
Traffic activity (complete as applicable):
  1. Distance of roadway from site (ft)
  2. Direction of roadway from site (8 pts)
  3. Composition of roadway
  4. Number of traffic lanes
  5. Average daily traffic (estimate)
  6. Average vehicle speed (estimate, mph)
  7. Traffic is 1 or 2 way (1 or 2)
  8. Number of parking lanes
  9. Are parking lanes used for traffic part of day? (yes, no)
10. Roadway paved (yes, no)
11. Is dust visibly re-entrained?  (yes, no)
12. Does roadway  have curb? (yes, no)
13. Does dust collect near edges? (yes, no)

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C. TOPOGRAPHY

   ,1. The general characteristics of the terrain over a 2-mile radius from the site are (check one)
      	Smooth,	Rolling,	Rough
   2. Topographic features that influence the site:
                                                   Direction            Distance
              Type                 Size             from site            from site
       Hills
       Valleys
       Depressions
       Bodies of water
       Ridges
       Cliffs
       Other (describe)

D. METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY

   1. Source of representative meteorological data (check one):
      	National Weather Service
      	Airport Weather Service
      	Site weather station
      	Other (specify)
      	Not available

    2. UTM coordinates
        Zone
        East                                North

    3. Additional meteorological information — next page
                                              21

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E. OBSTRUCTIONS


   1. List obstruction and complete information:

                                                  Direction           Distance
              Type               Size              from site           from site
   Notes


F. SAMPLING INFORMATION

   Manifold 	Yes 	No

   Description


            Information topic              SO2        N02      CO        03       TSP

   1. Location (top of building; ground
      level; other, specify)

   2. If on building, give height, width,
      and depth (meters)

   3. Horizontal distance from
      supporting structure (M)

   4. Vertical distance above supporting
      structure (M)

   5. Height of probe above ground (M)

   6. Distance from trees (M)

   7. Horizontal distance from
      automobile traffic (M)                NA

   8. Horizontal distance from nearest
      parking lot (M)                       NA

   Notes
                                           22

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 9.  Monitors

                               SO2         NO2        CO         03         TSP

    Instrument
    manufacturer

    Instrument
    model no.

    Instrument
    serial no.

    SAROAD
    method code

    Frequency


10.  Additional monitors

         Type

    Instrument
    manufacturer

    Instrument
    model no.

    Instrument
    serial no.

    SAROAD
    method code

    Frequency
                                         23

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G. SITE REPRESENTATIVENESS
       Data collected at this site
          could be used to:
   1. Represent a micro scale
   2. Represent a middle scale
      (hundred of meters)
   3. Represent a neighborhood scale
      (1 to 2 km)
   4. Represent an urban scale
   5. Represent peak 24-hr average
   6. Represent maximum annual average
   7. Represent peak 1-hr average
   8. Represent maximum 8-hr average
   9. Represent 24-hr average
   10. Represent annual average
   11. Other average
      (state the type of average)
   12. Monitoring objective
                 Pollutants
SO2      N02      CO      O3
TSP
                                            24

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H. CUSTODY AND CONTROL DATA






   1. Agency responsible for data collection






   2. Individual's name (print)






   3. Phone number






   4. Agency analyzing samples






   5. Individual's name (print)






   6. Phone number






   7. Agency reports of data are made to






   8. Individual's name






   9. Phone number
                                           25

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                         APPENDIX  B
NAMS HARD COPY INFORMATION REPORT  AND  SITE  EVALUATION FORMS
                              26

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3.0   Site Information
3.1  Sits Identification
                                                                                           Section Number 3.0
                                                                                           Revision Number 0
                                                                                           Date: October 31, 1979
                                                                                           Page 1 of 10
     1.
     2.
     3.
     4.
     5.
     6.
     7.
     8.
State.
City-
Name of Urbanized Area.
Census Tract No	
SAROAD Site Code.
(State Agency Site No.L
(Local Agency Site No.).
Site Address	
     9.    Names of Nearest Intersecting Streets.
     10a.  NAMS Pollutants Monitored at this Site.
     10b. SLAMS Pollutants Monitored at this Site.
     11.   Name of Report Preparer and Affiliation.
     12.  Phone Number.
     13.  Date	
     14.  Outstanding Landmarks.
                                                           27

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RESEARCH  TRIANGLE  INSTITUTE
POST  OFFICE  BOX  12194

RESEARCH  TRIANGLE  PARK,
                                      ORTH  CAROLINA   2770
SYSTEMS AND MEASUREMENTS DIVISION
                                                     August 26,  1980
     Dr.  Tim A.  Matzke,  Chief
     Ambient Monitoring  Section (6ASASA)
     U. S.  Environmental Protection Agency
     Region VI
     1201 Elm  Street
     Dallas, Texas   75270

     Dear Dr.  Matzke:
           Enclosed  please find 15 copies of the final report entitled,
      "Performance  Survey of Ambient Air Monitors,  EPA Region 6".   This  report
      concludes  the  work for EPA Contract #68-06-0011.
     know.
           If  you have  any questions  concerning the report,  please let me
                                     Sincerely,
                                     C.  E.  Decker
                                     Program Manager
     CED/nzh

     Enclosures
     cc
    . Payne, Contracting Officer, EPA Region VI
 •atent Advisor, EPA Region VI
Library, EPA Region VI
File 43U-1786
                                RALEIGH,
                                             DURHAM
                                                                CHAPEL

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                                                                                          Section Number 3.0
                                                                                          Revision Number 0
                                                                                          Date:  October 31, 1979
                                                                                          Page 2 of 10
    15. Sketch a map to document the environment within a % mile radius of the site except for CO microscale,
        when only immediate area information is needed.  Include the following information on the drawing where
        applicable.
        NAMS at Center of Drawing
        Roadways with names (paved and unpaved)
        Parking Areas (paved and unpaved)
        Stationary Sources (NEDS#)
        Buildings (number of stories)
        Undeveloped Land (ground cover)
        Tree Lines or Clusters
Residences
Trailer Parks
Recreation Parks
Recreation Fields
Railroad Yards
Bodies of Water
North Direction
    16. Attach separate sheet of labeled photographs

    17. UTM Coordinates, Zone	

        or latitude and longitude	
-R  - Require (shall) be regulation
 G  — Guidance (should) by regulation, or guidance document
    — Blocks are reserved for site evaluation only

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                                                                                               Section Number 3.0
                                                                                               Revision Number 0
                                                                                               Date:  October 31, 1979
                                                                                               Page 3 of 10
3.2 Site Classification
    1. Dominating influence of site (indicate pollutant)
       Point	
       Area_	
       Mobile.
    2. Land use with % mile radius from the site:

                            Urban
       Residential
       Commerical
       Industrial
       Mobile
       Other (describe)
   Distance and
Direction from Site
                          Non-Urban
       Agricultural
       Forest
       Desert
       Industrial
       Mobile
       Other (describe)
    3.Predominant land use by direction.  (2 to 3 km from the site) (residential, commerical, industrial,
     suburban, and urban)                                                       G
    N,
   NE
    E.
   SE.
    S.
   sw.
    w.
  NW.
       Blocks are reserved for site evaluation only.
                                                     29

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                                                                                           Section Number 3.0
                                                                                           Revision Number 0
                                                                                           Date: October 31, 1979
                                                                                           Page 4 of 10
4.A history of stationary source emissions that may influence the site is optional. If the information is
  available, please include in the following form:

                  Sources that Influence Site (attach additional sheet if necessary)
Name of Source
and Location




























NEDS
ID#




























Emissions — Tons/Year
TSP




























so2




























N02




























CO




























°3




























HC




























Effectiveness
of Control
Equipment




























Relative
Influence
on Site




























Direction
from Site




























Distance
from
Site (M)




























   Blocks are reserved for site evaluation only.
                                             30

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                                                                                             Section Number 3.0
                                                                                             Revision Number 0
                                                                                             Date: October 31. 1979
                                                                                             Page 5 of 10
                                         Mobile Source Worksheet
      5. Mobile Sources that may Influence the Site: (All  pollutants except SO2)
                                                             Names of Roadways (nearest to site first)
Type:  (check one)
Arterial Highway _,
Expressway
Freeway,
Parkway
Majnr Street nr Highway
Through Street or Highway
1 oral Street nr Rnari 	 ,,..

1 'Distance of roadway from air intake(ft)
2 Direction of roadway from air inlet (8 pts) 	
3 O^rr-p^'l-inn nf rnarlvuay. 	 	
4. Number of traffic lanes
5. Average Haily traffic (estimate).
6 Average vehicle speed (estimate, mph)
7 Traffic is 1 nr ? way (1 or 7) .,
R Nnmher nf parking lanes.,.. 	
9. Are parking lanes used for traffic part of day? (yes, no)
10 Roadway paved (yes, no)
11, Is dust uisihly re-entrained? (yes.no) __ 	
12. Hoes roadway have curb? (yes.no) 	 .
13. Does dust collect near edqes? (yes, no)





























































































































































































      "Identify probe, if more than one.
      Blocks are reserved for site evaluation only.
                                                         31

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                                                                                                 Section Number 3.0
                                                                                                 Revision Number 1
                                                                                                 Date:  Jan.3,1980
                                                                                                 Page 6 of 10
3.3   Topography

      1. The general characteristics of the terrain over a 2 mile radius from the site are (check one):

        	Smooth,      	 Rolling,          	  Rough

      2. Topographic features that influence the site:

        (Types — hills, valleys, depressions, bodies of water, ridges, cliffs)

                                      (attach additional sheet if necessary)
Type

Size

Direction from
Site

Distance from
Site

3.4   Obstructions  (See Appendix E)

      List obstructions and complete information:

      (Types — buildings, trees, ridges, cliffs)
Type

Size

Direction from
Site

Distance from
Site

        Blocks are reserved for site evaluation only.
                                                     32

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                                                                                               Section Number 3.0
                                                                                               Revision Number 1
                                                                                               Date: Jan.3, 1980
                                                                                               Page 7 of 10
3.5  Meteorology and Climatology

     1. Source of representative meteorological data (check one):

        ______   National Weather Service

        _______   Airport Weather Service

        	   Site Weather Station

        	   Other (specify)

        	   Not available

     2. Describe the annual and seasonal weather patterns that influence the site by summary wind roses or a
        table of frequency of occurrence for wind speeds and directions. Pollutant roses for the same periods
        desired if available. Provide attachments.
     3. UTM Coordinates, Zone
East.
.North.
        or Latitude and Longitude
     4. Location of representative meteorological station from monitoring site.

        Distance ____________________________        Direction  	
3.6  Probe Siting (See Appendix E)
                                                                         Pollutants
Information Topic
1. Location (top of building, ground l«?w?l, other specify)
2. If on building, give height (ML
width (M)_
depth (M).
3. Horizontal distant from supporting strtir.fiire (M)
4. Vertical distance ahove supporting structure (M) _ „
5. Height of probe above ground (M). ., 	 .
6 Distance from trees (M),
i
7. Horizontal distance from edge of nearest traffic lane
(See Appendix E, Fig. 1 and Tables 1 , 2, 3 and 4) (M)
8. Horizontal distance from nearest parking lot (M)
9. Horizontal distance from walls, parapets, penthouses,
etc. (M)
10 Distanre from obstacles, such as buildinqs
11. Distance from furnace or incineration flues (M)
1? I Inrostrirferi air flow
13. Located in paved area or vegetative ground cover
so2








N/A
N/A




N/A
NO2










N/A

N/A

N/A
CO







N/A


N/A
N/A
N/A

N/A
°3










N/A

N/A

N/A
TSP





N/A









      [Blocks are reserved for site evaluation only.
         33

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                                                                                              Section Number 3.0
                                                                                              Revision Number 0
                                                                                              Date: October 31, 1979
                                                                                              Page 8 of 10
3.7  Monitor Information
                                 Documentation of monitoring information
                                                                   Pollutants

1. Instrument manufacturer
2. Instrument Model No.
3. SAROAD Method Code
4. Date Sampling Began
5. Frequency time interval
of measurement
6. Probe material
7 Residence time*
so2







NO2







CO





N/A
N/A
°3







TSP





N/A
N/A
         ' r manifold involved, See Section 2.2, Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution,
         Volume II, May, 1977.
3.8  Site and Data History

     Indicate where applicable:

      1.  Changes in inlet probe

      2.  Changes in manifold _

      3.  Instrumental changes _
      4.  Breaks in the data record
      5.  Pollutant concentration changes since beginning of data record

      6.  Time periods of invalid data and reason for occurrence
                                                                         Dates (month/year)
a. Malfunction of
b. Maintenance of
c. Failure to meet
instrument
instrument
quality assurance quality
d. Vandalism
e. Other (specify)





      7.  Is this NAMS site a previous NASN site? (TSP only)

         Yes  	       No 	.
         Blocks are reserved for site evaluation only.
34

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3.9  Site Representativeness
                                                                                                Section Number 3.0
                                                                                                Revision Number 0
                                                                                                Date: October 31, 1979
                                                                                                Page 9 of 10
1 . Scales of Representativeness

R
(a) Represents a microscale (several
meters - 100 meters)
(b) Represents a middle scale
(0.1 -0.5km)
(c) Represents a neighborhood scale
(0.5 -4 km)
(d) Represents an urban scale
(4.0 -50 km)
Pollutants
so2




NO2




CO




°3




TSP





2. Averaging Times R
(a) Represents 24-hour average
(b) Represents 8-hour average
(c) Represents 1 -hour average
(d) Represents annual average


N/A
N/A


N/A
N/A
N/A


N/A


N/A

N/A
N/A

N/A


N/A
N/A


3. Monitoring Objectives R
(a) Category (a)
( 1 ) Represents worst condition
(2) Represents typical condition
(b) Category (b)
(1) Represents worst condition
(2) Represents typical condition



































       Blocks are reserved for site evaluation only.
                                                          35

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                                                                                         Section Number 3.0
                                                                                         Revision Number 0
                                                                                         Date: October 31, 1979
                                                                                         Page 10 of 10
3.10 Custody and Control of Data

      1.  Agency responsible for data collection.
      2. Individual's name (print)
      3. Phone number	
      4. Agency analyzing samples.
      5.  Individual's name (print)
      6.  Phone number	
      7.  Reports of data are made to: (agency name)
      8.  Individual's name (print)
      9.  Phone number	
                                                         36

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                                    TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                             (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing}
1. REPORT NO.
   EPA  #gnfi/Q-an-nm
                                                            3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

   Performance Survey of  Ambient Air Monitors
   EPA Region 6
             5. REPORT DATE
              June 1980  date of  issue
             6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
                                                            8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
   G.F.  Maier, F. K. Arey
   Research Triangle Institute
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
   Research Triangle  Institute
   P.O.  Box 12194
   Research Triangle  Park, N. C. 27709
             10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
             11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

               EPA 68-06-0011
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS


    U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency
    1201  Elm Street,  Suite  2800
    Dallas. Texas 75270	
             13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                Final	
             14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                EPA Region 6
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16. ABSTRACT
         The Research  Triangle Institute (RTI), in accordance with provisions  of EPA
    contract number  68-06-0011, conducted performance  surveys of sixty-seven  (67)
    ambient air monitoring sites  in  the  states under the  jurisdiction of Region  6  of
    the Environmental  Protection  Agency.   This report  contains a general discussion of
    all activities completed, a summary  of audit results,  and an outline of the
    performance survey procedures.   Recommendations are made for use of site/system
    evaluation forms for NAMS/PSD sites.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                               b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                           c.  COSATI Field/Group
    Air Pollution
    Quality Assurance
    Site Documentation
      Air Pollution
      Quality Assurance
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT


        Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)'
     Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES

      41
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
     Unclassified
                           22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

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