United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Region VI
Dallas. TX
EPA-906-R-05-900
March 31, 2004
&EPA
MONITORING Pfiesteria
IN TEXAS ESTUARIES
Project Report
Cyst stage of Pfie Men
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EPA-906-R-05-900
March 31,2004
MONITORING Pfiesteria IN TEXAS
ESTUARIES
Project Report
By
James Simons, Smiley Nava, Michael Weeks, and Chad Morris
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Austin, TX 78744
Tracy Villareal
University of Texas Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX 78373
Parke Rublee
University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27402
X-986417-01-0
Project Officer
Barbara Schrodt
EPA Region VI
Dallas, TX 75202
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department
4200 Smith School Road
Austin, TX 78744
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Notice
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Region VI partially funded the research
described here under assistance agreement X-986417-01-0. It has not been subjected to Agency
review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the view of the Agency, and no official
endorsement should be inferred. This document is copyrighted in its entirety by the authors.
Abstract
A two-year monitoring program examined the Texas coast for the presence/absence of Pfiesteria
piscicida and P. shumwayae. The sampling included a variety of bays and estuaries with
differing degrees of nutrient input, sewage treatment outfalls, and heavily urbanized channels. In
2000, nine stations were monitored monthly and eight stations were monitored on a bi-monthly
basis from April through September. In 2001, a selected set of stations was monitored at two-
week intervals. Water samples were collected for nutrient and chlorophyll analyses. Two
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were used in the study. A conventional PCR assay for
detection of a large amplified fragment was less sensitive than a second assay using a fluorogenic
probe and quantitative PCR (Q-PCR). Despite evidence of DNA degradation after prolonged
storage at -20° C, the follow-up Q-PCR technique yielded substantially more positives. Using this
method, we found both Pfiesteria species occurred at some time during 2001 at every station
sampled. Water collected after a fish kill in Dickinson Bayou, Texas tested positive for
Pfiesteria, but there is no supporting data to indicate that this was the cause of the fish kill. The
two species occurred at a wide range of chlorophyll and nutrient concentrations. They appear to
be common and widely distributed members of the Texas coastal dinoflagellate community.
This report was submitted in fulfillment of X-986417-01-0 by Texas Parks and Wildlife
Department under the partial sponsorship of the United States Environmental Protection Agency.
This report covers a period from April 1, 2000 to October 31, 2001, and work was completed as
of January 31,2004.
11
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Contents
Notice ii
Abstract ii
Contents iii
Tables iv
Figures vi
Acknowledgements xv
Chapter 1. Introduction 1
Chapter 2. Study Area 4
Chapter 3. Methods 5
Chapter 4. Results 7
Sampling Locations 7
Meteorological Conditions 15
Physicochemical Conditions 23
Chlorophyll a and Nutrients 36
Pfiesteria Results 51
Chapter 5. Discussion 85
Chapter 6. References 89
Appendices
A Site Descriptions 94
B Data Tables 139
C Quality Assurance Project Plan 177
D Abstracts Accepted 194
E Published Papers 198
ill
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Tables
2-1. Sampling Locations and Schedule for Pfiesteria Monitoring in Texas
for 2000 and 2001 4
4-1. Stations Sampled for the Texas Pfiesteria Monitoring Program in 2000 10
4-2. Stations Sampled for the Texas Pfiesteria Monitoring Program in 2001 11
4-3. Characteristics of the Water Bodies and Adjacent Watersheds for the
Pfiesteria sampling locations in 2000 and 2001 13
4-4. Potential Pollution Sources and Historic Nutrient Characteristics of the
Water Bodies and Adjacent Watersheds for the Pfiesteria sampling
Locations in 2000 and 2001 14
4-5. Means (StdDev, N) for Meteorological Parameters at Pfiesteria sampling
Locations for 2000 16
4-6. Means (StdDev, N) for Meteorological Parameters at Pfiesteria sampling
Locations for 2001 18
4-7. Means (StdDev, N) for Physicochemical Parameters at Pfiesteria sampling
Locations for 2000 25
4-8. Means (StdDev, N) for Physicochemical Parameters at Pfiesteria sampling
Locations for 2001 26
4-9. Mean Chlorophyll a, Silicate (SiO3), Phosphate (PO4), Ammonium (NH4),
Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN), Dissolved Organic Nitrogen (DON),
and Total Dissolved Nitrogen (TDN) at Pfiesteria sampling locations in
2000 38
4-10. Mean Chlorophyll a, Silicate (SiO3), Phosphate (PO4), Ammonium (NH4),
Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN), Dissolved Organic Nitrogen (DON),
and Total Dissolved Nitgrogen (TDN) at Pfiesteria sampling locations in
2001 39
4-11. Total Number of Occurrences of Pfiesteria and Cryptoperidiniopsis using
the two Gene Probes 55
4-12. Location and Number of Occurrences of Pfiesteria and Cryptoperidiniopsis
in Water and Sediment Samples Collected along the Texas Coast in 2000
Using Results from Method 1 and Method 2 56
4-13. Location and Number of Occurrences of Pfiesteria and Cryptoperidiniopsis
in Water and Sediment Samples Collected along the Texas Coast in 2001
Using Results from Method 1 and Method 2 56
IV
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4-14. Mean, Standard Deviation, Sample Size (N), and the Range for Meteorological
Parameters Measured at Stations Negative and Positive for Pfiesteria, and those
Positive for only P. shumwayae and those Positive for only P. piscicida
in 2000 59
4-15. Mean, Standard Deviation, Sample Size (N), and the Range for Physicochemical
Parameters Measured at Stations Negative and Positive for Pfiesteria, and those
Positive for only P. shumwayae and those Positive for only P. piscicida
in 2000 ~ 61
4-16. Mean, Standard Deviation, Sample Size (N), and the Range for Chlorophyll a
and Nutrient Parameters Measured at Stations Negative and Positive for
Pfiesteria, and those Positive for only P. shumwayae and those Positive for
only P. piscicida in 2000 63
4-17. Mean, Standard Deviation, Sample Size (N), and the Range for Meteorological
Parameters Measured at Stations Negative and Positive for all Pfiesteria, those
Positive for both Pfiesteria and those Positive for only P. shumwayae and those
Positive for only P. piscicida in 2001 72
4-18. Mean, Standard Deviation, Sample Size (N), and the Range for Physicochemical
Parameters Measured at Stations Negative and Positive for all Pfiesteria, those
Positive for both Pfiesteria and those Positive for only P. shumwayae and those
Positive for only P. piscicida in 2001 74
4-19. Mean, Standard Deviation, Sample Size (N), and the Range for Chlorophyll a
and Nutrient Parameters Measured at Stations Negative and Positive for all
Pfiesteria, those Positive for both Pfiesteria and those Positive for only P.
Shumwayae and those Positive for only P. piscicida in 2001 76
B-l. Station Data for Pfiesteria Sampling Sites in Texas in 2000 140
B-2. Station Data, for Pfiesteria Sampling Sites in Texas in 2001 144
B-3. Meteorological Data for Pfiesteria Sampling Stations in Texas in 2000 147
B-4. Meteorological Data for Pfiesteria Sampling Stations in Texas in 2001 150
B-5. Physicochemical Data for Pfiesteria Sampling Stations in Texas in 2000 153
B-6. Physicochemical Data for Pfiesteria Sampling Stations in Texas in 2001 160
B-7. Chlorophyll a and Nutrient Data for Pfiesteria Sampling Stations in
Texas in 2000 164
B-8. Chlorophyll a and Nutrient Data for Pfiesteria Sampling Stations in
Texas in 2001 167
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B-9. Results of PCR Analysis for Pfiesteria Samples in Texas in 2000 170
B-10. Results of PCR Analysis for Pfiesteria Samples in Texas in 2001 174
VI
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Figures
4-1. Location of stations sampled for Pfiesteria in 2000 12
4-2. Location of stations sampled for Pfiesteria in 2001 12
4-3. Mean monthly air temperatures at Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2000 19
4-4. Mean monthly air temperatures at Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2001 19
4-5. Mean monthly cloud cover at Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2000 20
4-6. Mean monthly cloud cover at Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2001 20
4-7. Mean monthly wind speed (Beaufort scale) at Pfiesteria sampling
stations in 2000 21
4-8. Mean monthly sea state (Beaufort scale) at Pfiesteria sampling stations
in 2000 21
4-9. Mean monthly wind speed (Beaufort scale) at Pfiesteria sampling
stations in 2001 22
4-10. Mean monthly sea state (Beaufort scale) at Pfiesteria sampling stations
in 2001 22
4-11. Mean dissolved oxygen at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2000 27
4-12. Mean salinity at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2000 27
4-13. Mean Secchi depth at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2000 28
4-14. Mean monthly surface and bottom water temperatures at Pfiesteria
sampling stations in 2000 29
4-15. Mean monthly surface and bottom dissolved oxygen at Pfiesteria
sampling stations in 2000 29
4-16. Mean monthly surface and bottom salinity at Pfiesteria sampling
stations in 2000 30
4-19. Mean monthly surface and bottom pH at Pfiesteria sampling stations
in 2000 30
4-18. Mean monthly Secchi depth at Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2000 31
4-19. Mean dissolved oxygen at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2001 32
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4-20. Mean salinity at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2001 32
4-21. Mean Secchi depth at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2001 32
4-22. Mean monthly surface and bottom water temperatures at Pfiesteria
sampling stations in 2001 33
4-23. Mean monthly surface and bottom dissolved oxygen at Pfiesteria
sampling stations in 2001 33
4-24. Mean monthly surface and bottom salinity at Pfiesteria sampling
stations in 2001 34
4-25. Mean monthly surface and bottom pH at Pfiesteria sampling stations
in 2001 34
4-26. Mean monthly Secchi depth at Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2001 35
4-27. Mean chlorophyll a concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations
in 2000 40
4-28. Mean silicate concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2000 40
4-29. Mean phosphate concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2000 41
4-30. Mean nitrate+nitrite concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations
in 2000 41
4-31. Mean dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration at the Pfiesteria
sampling stations in 2000 42
4-32. Mean dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentration at the Pfiesteria
sampling stations in 2000 42
4-33. Mean monthly chlorophyll a concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling
stations in 2000 43
4-34. Mean monthly silicate concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations
in 2000 43
4-35. Mean monthly phosphate concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations
in 2000 44
4-35. Mean monthly nitrate+nitrite concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling
Stations in 2000 44
4-37. Mean monthly dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DEN) concentration at the
Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2000 45
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4-38. Mean monthly dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentration at the
Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2000 45
4-39. Mean chlorophyll a concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations
in 2001 46
4-40. Mean silicate concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2001 46
4-41. Mean phosphate concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2001 46
4-42. Mean nitrate+nitrite concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations
in 2001 47
4-43. Mean dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration at the Pfiesteria
sampling stations in 2001 47
4-44. Mean dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentration at the Pfiesteria
sampling stations in 2001 47
4-45. Mean monthly chlorophyll a concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling
stations in 2001 48
4-46. Mean monthly silicate concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations
in 2001 48
4-47. Mean monthly phosphate concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations
in 2001 49
4-48. Mean monthly nitrate+nitrite concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling
stations in 2001 49
4-49. Mean monthly dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DUST) concentration at the
Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2001 50
4-50. Mean monthly dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentration at the
Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2001 50
4-51. Location of sites positive for Pfiesteria in 2000 57
4-52. Location of sites positive for Pfiesteria in 2001 57
4-53. Percentage of stations by month that were found to be positive for Pfiesteria
using Method 1, Method 2 and by combination of results from both methods
in 2000 58
4-54. Percentage of stations by month that were found to be positive for Pfiesteria
using Method 1, Method 2 and by combination of results from both methods
in 2001 58
IX
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4-55. Mean values for meteorological parameters at sites positive and negative for
Pfiesteria in 2000 (a) air temperature, (b) cloud cover, (c) wind speed,
(d) sea state 60
4-56. Mean values for physicochemical parameters at sites positive and negative
for Pfiesteria in 2000 (a) water temperature, (b) dissolved oxygen,
(c) salinity, (d) Secchi depth 62
4-57. Mean values for chlorophyll a and nutrients at sites positive and negative
For Pfiesteria in 2000 (a) chlorophyll a, (b) silicate, (c) phosphate,
(d) nitrate+nitrite, (e) dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DUST), (f) dissolved
organic nitrogen (DON) 64
4-58. Relationship between chlorophyll a and dissolved oxygen for stations
positive and negative for Pfiesteria in 2000 65
4-59. Relationship between chlorophyll a and silicate for stations positive and
negative for Pfiesteria in 2000 65
4-60. Relationship between chlorophyll a and salinity for stations positive and
negative for Pfiesteria in 2000 66
4-61. Relationship between chlorophyll a and Secchi depth for stations positive
and negative for Pfiesteria in 2000 66
4-62. Relationship between chlorophyll a and nitrate for stations positive and
negative for Pfiesteria in 2000 67
4-63. Relationship between chlorophyll a and phosphate for stations positive and
negative for Pfiesteria in 2000 67
4-64. Relationship between nitrate+nitrite and phosphate for stations positive and
negative for Pfiesteria in 2000 68
4-65. Relationship between nitrate+nitrite and salinity for stations positive and
negative for Pfiesteria in 2000 68
4-66. Relationship between nitrate+nitrite and Secchi depth for stations positive
and negative for Pfiesteria in 2000 69
4-67. Relationship between silicate and nitrate+nitrite for stations positive and
negative for Pfiesteria in 2000 69
4-68. Relationship between silicate and phosphate for stations positive and
negative for Pfiesteria in 2000 70
4-69. Relationship between phosphate and Secchi depth for stations positive and
negative for Pfiesteria in 2000 70
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4-70. Relationship between salinity and silicate for stations positive and negative
for Pfiesteria in 2000 71
4-71. Relationship between salinity and Secchi depth for stations positive and
negative for Pfiesteria in 2000 71
4-72. Mean values for meteorological parameters at sites positive and negative
for Pfiesteria in 2000, (a) air temperature, (b) cloud cover, (c) wind speed
(d) sea state 73
4-73. Mean values for physicochemical parameters at sites positive and negative
for Pfiesteria in 2001, (a) air temperature, (b) cloud cover, (c) wind speed
(d) sea state 75
4-74. Mean values for chlorophyll a and nutrients at sites positive and negative
for Pfiesteria in 2001, (a) chlorophyll a, (b) silicate, (c) phosphate
(d) nitrate, (e) dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DENT), (f) dissolved organic
nitrogen (DON) 77
4-75. Relationship between chlorophyll a and dissolved oxygen for stations
Positive and negative for Pfiesteria in 2001 78
4-76. Relationship between chlorophyll a and silicate for stations positive and
negative for Pfiesteria in 2001 78
4-77. Relationship between chlorophyll a and salinity for stations positive and
negative for Pfiesteria in 2001 79
4-78. Relationship between chlorophyll a and Secchi depth for stations positive
and negative for Pfiesteria in 2001 79
4-79. Relationship between chlorophyll a and nitrate+nitrite for stations positive
and negative for Pfiesteria in 2001 80
4-80. Relationship between chlorophyll a and phosphate for stations positive and
negative for Pfiesteria in 2001 80
4-81. Relationship between nitrate+nitrite and phosphate for stations positive and
negative for Pfiesteria in 2001 81
4-82. Relationship between nitrate+nitrite and salinity for stations positive and
negative for Pfiesteria in 2001 81
4-83. Relationship between nitrate+nitrite and Secchi depth for stations positive
and negative for Pfiesteria in 2001 82
4-84. Relationship between silicate and nitrate+nitrite for stations positive and
negative for Pfiesteria in 2001 82
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4-85. Relationship between silicate and phosphate for stations positive and negative
for Pfiesteria in 2001 83
4-86. Relationship between phosphate and Secchi depth for stations positive and
negative for Pfiesteria in 2001 83
4-87. Relationship between salinity and silicate for stations positive and negative
for Pfiesteria in 2001 84
4-88. Relationship between salinity and Secchi depth for stations positive and
negative for Pfiesteria in 2001 84
A-l. Color infra-red Landsat image showing the location of the Sabine Pass
Swing Bridge Pfiesteria sampling location 95
A-2. View to the west from the location of the Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Pfiesteria sampling location 96
A-3. View to the south from the location of the Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Pfiesteria sampling location 96
A-4. Color infra-red Landsat image showing the location of the Tabbs Bay
Pfiesteria sampling location 97
A-5. Color infra-red Landsat image showing the location of the Armand Bayou,
Clear Creek and Clear Lake Pfiesteria sampling locations 99
A-6. View upstream from the location of the Armand Bayou Pfiesteria sampling
location 100
A-7. View downstream from the location of the Armand Bayou Pfiesteria
sampling location 100
A-8. View upstream to the NW of an industrial location near the location of the
Clear Creek Pfiesteria sampling location 101
A-9. View upstream to the SW from the location of the Clear Creek Pfiesteria
sampling location 101
A-10. View upstream to the SE from the location of the Clear Creek Pfiesteria
sampling location 102
A-11. View downstream from the location of the Clear Creek Pfiesteria
sampling location 102
A-12. View to the west from the location of the Clear Lake Pfiesteria sampling
location 103
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A-13. View to the east from the location of the Clear Lake Pfiesteria sampling
location 103
A-14. Color infra-red Landsat image showing the location of the Dickinson
Bayou land 2 Pfiesteria sampling locations 104
A-15. View upstream from the Dickinson Bayou 1 Pfiesteria sampling location 105
A-16. View downstream from the Dickinson Bayou 1 Pfiesteria sampling location 105
A-17. View upstream from the Dickinson Bayou 2 Pfiesteria sampling location 106
A-18. View downstream from the Dickinson Bayou 2 Pfiesteria sampling location 106
A-19. Color infra-red Landsat image showing the location of the Moses Bayou and
Moses Lake Pfiesteria sampling locations 107
A-20. View upstream from the location of the Moses Bayou Pfiesteria sampling
location. A golf course is located on the far shore 108
A-21. View downstream from the location of the Moses Bayou Pfiesteria sampling
location 108
A-22. Color infra-red Landsat image showing the location of the Jamaica Beach
Pfiesteria sampling location 109
A-23. View from the location of the Jamaica Beach Pfiesteria sampling location 110
A-24. View from the location of the Jamaica Beach Pfiesteria sampling location 110
A-25. Color infra-red Landsat image showing the location of the Oyster Creek,
Swan Lake, Jones Creek and ICWW Pfiesteria sampling locations 112
A-26. View from the location of the Oyster Creek Pfiesteria sampling location 113
A-27. View from the location of the Oyster Creek Pfiesteria sampling location 113
A-28. View to the WSW from the location of the ICWW Pfiesteria sampling location 114
A-29. View to the ENE from the location of the ICWW Pfiesteria sampling location 114
A-30. Color infra-red Landsat image showing the location of the Caney Creek
Pfiesteria sampling location 115
A-31. View from the location of the Caney Creek Pfiesteria sampling location 116
A-32. View from the location of the Caney Creek Pfiesteria sampling location 116
A-33. Color infra-red Landsat image showing the location of the Colorado River
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Pfiesteria sampling location 117
A-34. Color infra-red Landsat image showing the location of the Lavaca Bay
Pfiesteria sampling locations 118
A-35. View from the Port Lavaca Fishing Pier Pfiesteria sampling location 119
A-36. View of the Port Lavaca Fishing Pier Pfiesteria sampling location 119
A-37. Color infra-red Landsat image showing the location of the Mesquite Bay
Pfiesteria sampling location 120
A-38. Color infra-red Landsat image showing the location of the Port Aransas
Birding Center Pfiesteria sampling location 121
A-39. View of the Pfiesteria sampling location at the Port Aransas Birding Center 122
A-40. Color infra-red Landsat image showing the location of the Nueces River
Pfiesteria sampling location 123
A-41. View of the Allison STP just upstream from the Nueces River Pfiesteria
sampling location 124
A-42. View from upstream of the Nueces River Pfiesteria sampling location 124
A-43. Color infra-red Landsat image showing the location of the Oso Creek,
and Oso Bay 1 and 2 Pfiesteria sampling locations 126
A-44 View to the west from the location of the Oso Bay 1 Pfiesteria sampling
Location. The TAMU-CC campus is in the mid to right background 127
A-45. View to the SSW from the location of the Oso Bay 1 Pfiesteria sampling
location 127
A-46. View to the NW from the location of the Oso Bay 2 Pfiesteria sampling
station on the Yorktown Rd. bridge 128
A-47. View to the SE from the location of the Oso Bay 2 Pfiesteria sampling
location on the Yorktown Rd. bridge 128
A-48. View upstream to the NW from the Oso Creek Pfiesteria sampling location 129
A-49. View downstream to the SE from the Oso Creek Pfiesteria sampling location 129
A-50. Color infra-red Landsat image showing the location of the Bayview
Campground and Kraatz Pier Pfiesteria sampling stations 131
A-51. View to the east of the location of the Bayview Campground Pfiesteria
sampling station 132
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A-52. View to the west from the location of the Bayview Campground Pfiesteria
sampling station 132
A-53. View to the east of the Kraatz Pier Pfiesteria sampling location 133
A-54. View to the west from the Kraatz Pier Pfiesteria sampling location 133
A-55. Color infra-red Landsat image showing the location of the Adolph
Tomae Jr. County Park Pfiesteria sampling location 134
A-56. View of the location of the Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park Pfiesteria
sampling station 135
A-57. View upstream from the location of the Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Pfiesteria sampling station 135
A-58. View downstream from the location of the Adolph Tomae Jr. County
Park Pfiesteria sampling station 136
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Acknowledgments
Financial support for this study was provided by the United States Environmental Protection
Agency Region VI. Appreciation is given to personnel of the Coastal Fisheries Division and
Coastal Conservation Branch of Texas Parks and Wildlife Department for help in collecting water
and Pfiesteria samples.
Cover photo courtesy of JoAnn Burkholder, North Carolina State University, Center for Applied
Aquatic Ecology
xv
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Chapter 1
Introduction
Concern has grown nationwide about the possible
presence and impacts of toxic algae on coastal
ecosystems and human health. During the mid to late
90's, awareness has increased about the group of toxic
dinoflagellates referred to as Pfiesteria and Pfiesteria-
like organisms (PLO). These recently discovered
organisms have been found to cause massive fish kills,
outbreaks of fish disease and some neurological effects
in humans in coastal ecosystems.
Pfiesteria has been implicated in both fish kills and
human health issues along the eastern U.S. coast
(Burkholder et al. 2001). In response, significant
resources have been devoted to understanding the nature
of its toxicity, response to environmental variables,
geographic distribution and importance in estuarine
environments.
The Pfiesteria species complex comprises two described
species, P. piscicida (Steidinger et al 1996) and P.
shumwayae Glasgow et Burkholder (Glasgow et al
2001b). Both species have complex life cycles and may
occur in three functional types or toxicity states as: (1)
highly toxic or TOX-A (actively toxic, requiring the
presence of live finfish or other fish tissues and excreta),
(2) temporarily non-toxic in the absence of fish or TOX-
B; and (3) non-inducible, apparently unable to produce
toxin in response to fish (Burkholder et al 200Ib).
Pfiesteria Steidinger et Burkholder (Dinamoebales;
Pfiesteriaceae) is a heterotrophic dinoflagellate with
planktonic zoospore populations sourced from seed beds
of cysts and amoebae in sediments (Steidinger et al
1996; Burkholder et al 1992; Burkholder and Glasgow
1997). Pfiesteria exhibits "ambush predator" behavior
in the presence of fish (Burkholder et al 1998), which
may lead to non-focal as well as deep-focal, ulcerous
lesions and death, as demonstrated in laboratory
experiments (Burkholder et al 1992, 1995, 200la; Noga
et al 1996). The fish attacks are non-specific and more
than 20 native and exotic species tested in the U.S. have
proven to be vulnerable to these attacks (Burkholder et al
1997). Many of these species are common to the
estuarine waters of Texas, including redfish (Sciaenops
ocellatus), spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebidosus),
catfish, striped mullet (Mugil cephalus), blue crab
(Callinectes sapidus), spot (Leiostomus xanthurus), and
Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) (Glasgow et
al. 2001). Although the Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia
tyrannus), the species most commonly killed in the
Pfiesteria attacks, is not found along the Texas coast,
there are two species of menhaden that do occur in
abundance along the Texas coast, those being the Gulf
menhaden (Brevoortia patronus) and the finescale
menhaden (Brevoortia gunteri) (Hoese and Moore,
1977).
Pfiesteria spp. can consume small photosynthetic
microalgae and retain their chloroplasts in an active
state, presumably utilizing their photosynthetic products
(Glasgow et al. 1999, 200Ib; Lewitus et al 1999).
Experiments show that Pfiesteria piscicida zoospores
aggressively feed on and consume the soft tissues of
larval bay scallops and eastern oysters (Crassostrea
virginica) (Springer et al 2002).
Exposure to the dinoflagellate Pfiesteria causes skin
ulcers in fish. Skin damage begins as epithelial erosion,
which progresses to complete epithelial loss. Fish that
recover from the acute toxic exposure develop bacterial
and/or fungal infected skin ulcers that are typical of
many spontaneous skin ulcer epidemics occurring in
estuarine fish species along the Atlantic coast of the U.S.
(Nogaetal 1996).
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Much research has been devoted to ascertaining the
environmental conditions under which Pfiesteria and
PLO can survive and thrive. While it has been
determined that Pfiesteria and PLO are found in a wide
range of salinities, from 0 to 35 ppt, the preferred range
is from 5 to 20 ppt, with the optimum condition being
found at salinities of 10 to 15 ppt (Burkholder et al.
200la; Glasgow et al. 2000; Glasgow et al. 200la).
Furthermore, Pfiesteria and PLO have been found at a
temperature range between 12 and 33 deg C, although
the optimal range is 20 to 30 deg C, with best results at
temperatures greater than 26 deg C. Although Pfiesteria
and PLO appear to tolerate a wide range of temperatures
and salinities, the conditions required to trigger a
"bloom" and "predatory attack on fish" are much less
well understood. Research indicates that the excreta
from live fish, and possibly high levels of nutrients are
required to trigger the ambush predatory behavior. Both
N and P (organic and inorganic) have been shown
experimentally to directly and indirectly stimulate toxic
Pfiesteria strains (Glasgow et al. 2001).
Other research has demonstrated that when certain
flagellated algal prey are present, Pfiesteria and PLO
predominate as planktonic zoospores, but if non-motile
prey such as the coccoid unicellar cyanobacterium
Cyanothece or the diatom Thalassiosira are abundant, a
higher proportion of the Pfiesteria population can
consist of benthic lobose amoebae (Burkholder et al.
2001).
Nutrient enriched waters appear to be a preferred habitat
for Pfiesteria and PLO (Glasgow et al. 200la). The
nutrient regime that appears to be conducive to
Pfiesteria cell production is » 100 ug/L DIN and 100
ug/L DIP. In addition, pH conducive to zoospore cell
production ranges from 6.6 to 8.6 with an optimum pH
at 7.5. Pfiesteria appears to prefer a sea state of low
turbulence and light levels at 0 to 300 umol photons/m/s,
with negligible or slow cell production above that light
level. The preferred algal prey for zoospores and
amoebae are cryptomonads, while finfish prey for the
zoospores are many (Glasgow et al. 2001).
In addition, laboratory experiments have shown
comparatively higher P stimulation of P. piscicida
zoospores, and higher N stimulation of P. shumwayae
(Glasgow et al. 200la). There is also evidence
suggesting that P. shumwayae may have improved
mechanisms for survival of flooding/scouring events
relative to P. piscicida, as there was a shift in dominance
to P shumwayae following several hurricanes that hit
the North Carolina coast between 1996 and 1999
(Glasgow et al. 200la).
There is no evidence to date that human illnesses result
from eating fish or shellfish that have been exposed to a
Pfiesteria event. Recent research by Springer et al
(2002) has demonstrated that toxic Pfiesteria cells can
be concentrated by some shellfish (for example, the sub-
adult eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica Gmelin).
Thus, risks to humans from seafood cannot be ruled out
until the Pfiesteria toxin can be identified, so that their
presence/absence in fish tissue can be conclusively
determined and quantified (Fairey et al 1999; Kimm-
Brinson et al 2001; Samet et al 2001).
P. piscicida has been linked to measurable neurotoxic
effects in humans, including central nervous system
impairment (for example, mostly reversible short-term
memory loss that can last for weeks to months, Glasgow
et al. 1995; Gratten et al. 1998), as well as autonomic
and peripheral nervous system dysfunction, skin lesions
and other effects (Glasgow et al 1995).
Humans with environmental exposure to waterways in
which Pfiesteria toxins are present are at risk of
developing a reversible clinical syndrome characterized
by difficulties with learning and high cognitive
functions. Risk of illness is directly related to the degree
of exposure, with the most prominent symptoms and
signs occurring among people with chronic daily
exposure to affected waterways (Gratten et al 1998).
The Pfiesteria-like complex appears to be broadly
distributed and has been found at many locations within
the U.S. and internationally. Outside of the U.S.,
Pfiesteria has been found in Scandinavia (Burkholder
and Glasgow 2001), and New Zealand (Rhodes et al
2002). Both P. piscicida and P. shumwayae were found
in Scandinavia, while only P. shumwayae was found in
New Zealand.
Within the U.S., Pfiesteria has been found at many
locations, particularly along the east coast. To date, it
has been found in New York (Rublee et al 1999, 2001),
New Jersey (Rublee et al 2001), Delaware (Burkholder
et al 1995), Maryland (Lewitus et al. 1995; Burkholder
et al. 1995; Gratten et al 1998), Virginia (Rublee et al
2001), North Carolina (Burkholder et al. 1992;
Burkholder and Glasgow 1997, 2001), South Carolina
(Rublee et al 2001), Georgia (Rublee et al 2001) and
-------
Florida (Burkholder and Glasgow 1997; Glasgow et al
200la). Within the Gulf of Mexico, Pfiesteria has been
found in Florida (Burkholder and Glasgow 1997a;
Glasgow et al 200la) and Alabama (Burkholder and
Glasgow 2001).
Along the eastern U.S. seaboard, Pfiesteria is considered
to be a major cause of fish mortality (Glasgow et al.
2001). Fish kills are common along the Texas coast, and
while there is no evidence to suggest Pfiesteria has been
a causative agent, information on its distribution and
occurrence in these waters is an important part of the
state's overall resource management program.
The economic costs related to Pfiesteria have been high.
In Maryland the presence of the dinoflagellate in
association with the death of about 50,000 Atlantic
menhaden (Brevoortia tyranus Latrobe) was responsible
for an estimated cost of $65 million (Epstein 1998;
Lipton 1998). This was due to indirect market effects
based on provocative media reports and public
perception rather than particularly heavy fish losses
(Anderson et al 2000; Burkholder and Glasgow 2002).
Texas has experienced massive toxic blooms of Karenia
brevis which have killed over 40 million fish along the
Texas coast in the past 13 years. Toxic blooms of the
dinoflagellate, Alexandrium monilata, have also
occurred along the Texas coast. Texas has never had a
documented incident caused by Pfiesteria or Pfiesteria-
like organisms.
The Texas coast appears to be a likely habitat for
Pfiesteria but there have been no attempts to determine
if the species is present on this coast. The shallow,
estuarine systems typical of the Texas coast are similar
to Pfiesteria habitat along the eastern U.S. coast and the
records of this species from the eastern Gulf of Mexico
suggest it is likely to be present. We report here the
results of two years of sampling using two different gene
assays for both Pfiesteria piscicida and P shumwayae.
-------
Chapter 2
Study Design
The population of possible sampling sites considered for
year one (2000) of the project encompassed the entire
Texas coast. All bays, estuaries, tidal rivers, bayous and
streams were considered. The research team selected
sites based on the following selection criteria: logistics,
other ongoing sampling programs, equitability of
sampling distribution, possible nutrient sources, and
degree of human impact. An attempt was made to select
some stations that were considered to be degraded, and
others that were considered to be minimally impacted by
humans. Sampling was conducted for six months, from
April through October. Samples sites that were difficult
to access were sampled every other month. In some
cases sites were sampled every other month to balance
the sampling program. A total of 17 stations were
selected (Table 2-1). Nine of the stations were sampled
every month, while eight were sampled every other
month.
In year two (2001) of the study, a different approach
was taken. The population of sample sites was selected
from the 17 stations sampled during 2000. Six stations
were selected, two in the northern third, two in the
central part of the coast and two in the southern third of
the coast (Table 2-1). Sampling was again conducted
from April through September, with each station
sampled twice a month, once in the first half of the
month, the other in the second half of the month.
Table 2-1. Sampling Locations and Schedule for Pfiesteria Monitoring in Texas for 2000 and 2001
System
Minor system
Sampling Scheme for 2000 Sampling Scheme for 2001
Sabine Lake
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Brazos River
Brazos River
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Aransas Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Upper Laguna Madre
Lower Laguna Madre
Sabine Pass
Tabbs Bay
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bayou
Moses Bayou
Jamaica Beach Canal
Freeport North
Freeport South
Caney Creek
Colorado River
Lavaca Bay
Mesquite Bay
Nueces River
Port Aransas
Oso Bay
Baffin Bay
Arroyo Colorado
Monthly
Bi-monthly
Monthly
Bi-Monthly
Bi-monthly
Monthly
Bi-monthly
Bi-monthly
Monthly
Bi-monthly
Monthly
Bi-monthly
Monthly
Monthly
Monthly
Monthly
Bi-monthly
Semi-monthly
Semi-monthly
Semi-monthly
Semi-monthly
Semi-monthly
Semi-monthly
-------
Chapter 3
Methods
Field Methods
Water samples were collected in 2000 and 2001. During
each field season, samples were collected in the months
of April through October. Samples were collected from
small boats, bridges, fishing piers and bankside.
Upon arriving at each sampling site the date, time, air
temperature, cloud cover, wind speed, wind direction,
and sea state were noted and recorded. The latitude and
longitude of each site was determined using a Global
Positioning System hand held unit. Names of personnel
involved in the sampling were also recorded along with
the name of the location sampled.
Water quality parameters were measured using a
Hydrolab unit. The Hydrolab unit measured depth
(meters), temperature (degrees Celsius), specific
conductivity (mS/cm), salinity (ppt), dissolved oxygen
(mg/L), percent saturation of oxygen, and pH. Hydrolab
measurements were taken at the surface and at one-meter
intervals throughout the water column and recorded. A
Secchi disk was used to measure turbidity of the water.
Water samples for chlorophyll analysis were collected at
each site using a syringe and filter system. A water
sample was taken at the surface using a container that
had been rinsed two to three times with site water. A
GF-75 glass fiber filter was used to filter the water. The
volume of water filtered varied depending on water
turbidity. In some cases, less than 40 ml was drawn so
the water sample would not burst the filter while being
pushed through. The syringe was then turned to have
the opening face up while drawing another 10 ml of air.
The water sample was forced through the filter by gently
pushing the plunger with all the air being expelled at the
end of the sample. Once the water sampled was expelled
out of the syringe, the filter was removed with forceps,
folded in half, placed in aluminum foil, labeled, and
frozen on dry ice.
Four 10 ml vials of nutrient samples were collected at
every site. While handling materials for the nutrient
samples, latex gloves were worn. A pre-combusted filter
was placed on the syringe head using forceps. Extreme
care was used during sampling since ammonia is easy to
contaminate. The filter, filter head surface, or the inside
of the nutrient vial was never touched while sampling.
Each of the four vials were filled with 10 ml each of
filtered water. The vials were then labeled and frozen on
dry ice. Occasionally the sampling process would
require more than one filter if the water sampled was
turbid. Blank samples were also sent to the lab.
Deionized water was taken into the field and two vials
were run through the filtration procedure.
Samples were taken at each site for gene probe analyses.
A 2.5 cm GFC filter was placed in the filter head using
forceps. The syringe was used to draw 50 ml of water
from a rinsed container. The filter head was then placed
on the syringe and 50 ml of water was pushed through
the GFC filter. The filter was then removed from the
filter head using forceps and immersed in the CTAB
buffer in a micro-centrifuge vial. The vials were stored
at room temperature until shipped to the lab.
Sediment samples were taken at a few pre-selected
locations. A Van Dorn water sampler was used to
collect the top layer of sediment from the bottom of the
water column. Approximately 0.5-1.0 g of sediment was
collected and placed in a micro-centrifuge vial. The vial
was stored in a cool or ambient temperature and sent to
the lab via overnight express.
-------
Laboratory Methods
At each station, water samples were collected for
chlorophyll a (Welschmeyer 1994)) and automated
nutrient analysis (Lachat Quikchem 8000) for
nitrate+nitrite, silicate, phosphate, ammonium and
dissolved organic nitrogen. Nutrient analysis was
conducted at UTMSI using a LaChat QC 8000 ion
analyzer with computer controlled sample selection and
peak processing. Chemistries are as specified by the
manufacturer and have ranges as follows: nitrate+nitrate
(0.03-5.0 nM; Quikchem method 31-107-04-1-A),
silicate (0.03-5.0 jxM; Quikchem method 31-114-27-1-
B), ammonium (0.1-10 (iM; Quikchem method 31-107-
06-5-A) and phosphate (0.03-2.0 jiM; Quikchem method
31-115-01-3-A). Chlorophyll was extracted overnight
and read fluorometrically on a Turner Model 10-AU
using a non-acidification technique (Welschmeyer,
1994; EPA method 445.0). Assays were performed in
duplicate. Dissolved organic nitrogen and dissolved
organic phosphorus was conducted by simultaneous
persulfate digestion (Raimbault et al. 1999) and then
assayed for nitrate+nitrite and phosphate by the above
listed protocols.
Presence/absence of P. piscicida and P. shumwayae was
determined using gene assays. Between 40 and 100 ml
of water were filtered and returned to UNC, Greensboro
for processing. Initially, samples were analyzed by a
conventional PCR approach (Ml) using probes for P.
piscicida from Rublee, et al. (1999) and for P.
shumwayae by Oldach, et al. (2000). Samples were later
re-assayed by real-time PCR (M2) using primers and
Taqman probes (Bowers et al. 2000) on a Cepheid Smart
Cycler. The M2 assay was not available until 6 months
after all samples were run using Ml. Although the real-
time PCR assay is more sensitive, storage of samples at
-20 °C and additional freezing and thawing of samples
prior to this second assay may have resulted in some
degradation of DNA between assays.
The Pfiesteria and Pfiesteria-like genes assays were
conducted by Dr. Parke Rublee at the UNCG. DNA is
purified using chloroform purification (Schaefer 1997).
If samples had high suspended sediment loads, an
additional clean up step was used (DNeasy Plant Kit,
Qiagen). Purified DNA was dissolved in sterile ddH2O
and stored at -20°C. 50 ul PCR reactions are following
standard protocols (Innis, et al. 1995). Both positive
(template from confirmed Pfiesteria piscicida, species
"B" or Cryptoperidiniopsis brodyi culture) and negative
controls (no template) were carried through each PCR
run. PCR products were visualized by electrophoresis
and ethidium bromide staining. For each sample, at least
two primer sets specific for Pfiesteria piscicida, and
single primer sets for each of the other two organisms
were run. If no test reactions were positive, a control
reaction was run using generic eukaryotic primers to
confirm that amplifiable DNA had been extracted from
the sample.
Data Analysis
Wind data for both years was converted to a Beaufort
number using the Beaufort wind scale (Lincoln et al.
1982) for consistency. Where ranges were recorded the
mid point was used to determine the Beaufort number.
Means for stations were calculated, and then an
approximate average wind speed was back calculated.
The same approach was used with sea state, as data was
recorded using both verbal descriptions or wave heights
or wave height ranges were recorded. Based on the
verbal description, a corresponding Beaufort number
was applied so that an approximate average sea state
could be calculated. Cloud cover data was recorded as a
percentage in 2000, while in 2001 a coded pick list was
developed, each code representing a range of percent
cloud cover. All data was converted to the code system,
and an approximate cloud cover back calculated from
those means.
Data manipulation, graphics and statistical analysis was
performed using MS Excel 2000, Sigma Plot 8.0 and
Statview 5.01. Homogeneity of variance was tested
using an F test, while differences between means was
tested using a t-test.
-------
Chapter 4
Results
Sampling Locations
In 2000, a total of 76 samples were collected for
Pfiesteria, chlorophyll and nutrient analysis (Table 4-
1). The sites were distributed along the entire Texas
coast (Figure 4-1), with an attempt to sample as many
of the major bay systems and as many different
habitats as was logistically feasible. Following is a
short description of all sampling locations. In
Appendix A a more detailed description, plus a
satellite image for all locations and ground photos for
many of them are provided.
In the northeast part of the state, samples were
collected at the Sabine Pass Swing Bridge (Figures A-
1, A-2, A-3), at the same location where the Texas
Water Development Board (TWDB) and TPWD
maintain and monitor a datasonde.
Within the Galveston Bay system, there were six
different areas where sampling was conducted. The
Tabbs Bay station is located in north Galveston Bay,
just south of Baytown (Figure A-4). In the Clear Lake
area, samples were collected on two tributaries of
Clear Lake: Armand Bayou, at a site within the
Armand Bayou Nature Preserve (Figures A-5, A-6, A-
7), and at a site on Clear Creek (Figures A-5, A-8, A-
9, A-10, A-11). In addition, samples were collected
from a pier at a park on Clear Lake (Figure A-5, A-12,
A-13). There were two sample locations in Dickinson
Bayou (Figure A-14), indicated as Dickinson Bayou 1
(Figures A-15, A-16) and Dickinson Bayou 2 (Figures
A-17, A-18). There was a fish kill occurring at the
Dickinson Bayou 2 station at the time of Pfiesteria
sample collection. Further south in the Galveston Bay
system were the Moses Bayou (Figures A-19, A-20,
A-21) and Moses Lake (Figure A-19) stations. And
across West Bay there was a station located at a boat
ramp in the canals of the community of Jamaica Beach
(Figures A-22, A-23, A-24).
Further down the coast in the Brazosport area, located
near the Brazos River, were the Freeport North and
South sampling locations (Figure A-25). Samples
were collected in Oyster Creek (Figures A-26, A-27)
and Swan Lake for the Freeport North locations, while
Jones Creek and the ICWW (Figures A-28, A-29)
were sampled for the Freeport South location.
Moving further south, was the Caney Creek station
which is a tributary of East Matagorda Bay (Figures
A-30, A-31, A-32) and the Colorado River station,
which drains into Matagorda Bay (Figure A-33).
Further up the Matagorda Bay system were the Lavaca
Bay stations (Figure A-34). In 2000 the Pfiesteria
samples were collected along the Lavaca Bay
causeway where TWDB and TPWD monitored and
maintained a datasonde, while in 2001 samples were
collected from the Port Lavaca Fishing Pier (Figures
A-35, A-36).
A site in a relatively unimpacted area was located in
Mesquite Bay (Figure A-37). Another station was
located in the marsh at the Port Aransas Birding
Center (Figures A-38, A-39). This marsh is used in
the treatment of water coming from the Port Aransas
STP. Also located within the Corpus Christi Bay
system is a station on the Nueces River (Figure A-40),
located just downstream of the Allison Sewage
Treatment Plant (Figure A-41, A-42), which treats
wastewater from Corpus Christi. There were also
three sites sampled in the Oso Bay system, a sub-
system of Corpus Christi Bay (Figure A-43). Oso Bay
1 was located at the mouth of the Oso Bay (Figures A-
44, A-45). Oso Bay 2 was located on the Yorktown
Rd. bridge where it crosses the upper reaches of Oso
-------
Bay (Figures A-46, A-47). Finally, the Oso Creek
station was located on the Staples Rd. bridge that
crosses over Oso Creek (Figures A-48, A-49). The
Oso Bay system is heavily influenced by inputs from
STPs and the discharges from the Barney-Davis power
plant.
Along the lower Texas coast, samples were collected
in Baffin Bay, a sub-estuary of the Upper Laguna
Madre (Figure A-50) and the Arroyo Colorado, a
major tributary of the Lower Laguna Madre (Figure A-
55). Baffin Bay samples were collected at the
Bay view Campground (Figures A-51, A-52) and at
Kraatz Pier (Figures A-53, A-54). The Arroyo
Colorado samples were collected from a pier at the
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park (Figures A-56, A-57,
A-58). The Arroyo is a conduit for much of the
wastewater from the city of Harlingen. In addition,
two large shrimp farms in Arroyo City discharge
wastes into the Arroyo Colorado.
In 2001, 67 samples were collected (Table 4-2) at only
six locations. These six locations, Clear lake,
Dickinson Bayou, Caney Creek, Lavaca Bay, Port
Aransas and Arroyo Colorado (Figure 4-2), were
selected from the sites sampled in 2000, but with a
more intensive sampling regime, that being twice a
month, rather than the monthly or bi-monthly
sampling performed in 2000. All stations remained at
the same location except for the Lavaca Bay station,
which was moved from the Lavaca Bay causeway to
the Port Lavaca Fishing Pier for easier access. Several
samples were not collected from the Lavaca Bay site
due to logistical and communication problems. Two
samples were not collected at Arroyo Colorado
because of logistical problems.
The sites sampled represented a wide variety of
environments in relation to salinity, water body type,
possible nutrient sources, and proximity to population
centers. Table 4-3 lists all the stations and general
characteristics such as the salinity regime, nutrient
sources, land use in the watershed and type of water
body where the sample was collected.
A total of 27 different locations were sampled during
the two-year study. There were three oligohaline sites,
two being upper reaches of tidal creeks (Dickinson
Bayou, Oso Creek) and the other was the marsh of the
Port Aransas Birding Center. There were 11
mesohaline sites, these typically being tidal creeks
(Armand Bayou, Dickinson Bayou 1, Oyster Creek)
and rivers (Colorado River, Nueces River, Arroyo
Colorado), and bays (Tabbs Bay, Clear Lake, Port
Lavaca Fishing Pier (Lavaca Bay)) in the upper end of
the estuary. There were eight polyhaline sites, with
these also including tidal creeks (Moses Bayou, Jones
Creek, Caney Creek), passes and canals (Sabine Pass
Swing Bridge, ICWW) and bays (Moses Lake, Lavaca
Bay Causeway, Oso Bay 2), generally in closer
proximity to the Gulf of Mexico. There were four
marine sites (Jamaica Beach Canal (West Bay),
Mesquite Bay, Oso Bay 1, Kraatz Pier (Baffin Bay))
and one hypersaline site (Bayview Campground
(Baffin Bay)), with one of the marine sites (Kraatz
Pier) likely to typically be hypersaline.
The water body types ranged from small tidal creeks
and bayous, passes, canals, tidal rivers, open bays and
a marsh. The land use/land cover surrounding and
upstream of the sites varied considerably, from sites in
industrial to urban settings to locations surrounded by
a Wildlife Management Area (Jones Creek) or
adjacent to a National Wildlife Refuge (Mesquite
Bay). The sediment types found at most of the
stations was predominantly silt and clay, as ten of the
stations (Tabbs Bay, Clear Creek, Dickinson Bayou 1,
Moses Bayou, Caney Creek, Colorado River, Lavaca
Bay Causeway, Port Lavaca Fishing Pier, Nueces
River, and Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park) consisted
of greater than 85% silt/clay (Table 4-3). There were
two stations (Moses Lake and Oso Bay 1) that had
greater than 80% sand, while the Sabine Pass Swing
Bridge and Mesquite Bay stations had greater than
10% gravel (White et al., 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987,
1988, 1989a, 1989b).
Potential pollution and nutrient sources for the sites
also varied considerably (Table 4-4). Nutrient
concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN)
and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) as
determined by TCEQ's Surface Water Quality
Monitoring program from January 1970 through
December 2004 varied greatly at the Pfiesteria
sampling stations (Table 4-4). The greatest mean DIN
concentrations were found at the Clear Creek (1.386
mg/L) station (Segment 1101) and the Adolph Tomae
-------
Jr. County Park (2.310 mg/L) station (Segment 2201).
at the Caney Creek (0.890 mg/L) station (Segment
1304) and the Jones Creek (0.805 mg/L) station
(Segment 1201). The mean concentration of DIP was
greatest at the Clear Creek (0.831 mg/L) station.
Other stations with relatively high mean DIP
concentrations included Tabbs Bay with 0.436 mg/L
(Segment 2426), Armand Bayou and Clear Lake with
0.356 mg/L (Segment 2425) and the Adolph Tomae Jr.
County Park with 0.336 mg/L (Segment 2201) (Table
4-4). Thirteen of the sites were located in Texas
In addition, mean DIN concentrations were fairly high
Commission of Environmental Quality (TCEQ)
segments that appear on the 1998 303(d) listing (Table
4-4). Of these 13, seven were listed for "organic
enrichment/low dissolved oxygen". Many of the sites
are likely to be affected by non-point source pollution
from industrial, agricultural, urban or suburban land
uses upstream of the site. In addition, several
locations are on watercourses affected by STP outfalls.
It is likely that leachate from septic systems could also
affect several of the sites.
-------
Table 4-1. Stations Sampled for the Texas Pfiesteria Monitoring Program in 2000 (nc=not collected).
Minor System
Sabine Lake
Galveston Bay
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bay
Moses Lake
West Bay
Freeport (north)
Freeport (south)
East Matagorda
Bay
Colorado River
Lavaca Bay
Mesquite Bay
East Flats
Nueces Bay
Oso Bay
Baffin Bay
Arroyo Colorado
Total
Sampling locations
Sabine Pass Swing
Bridge
Tabb's Bay
Clear Lake, Clear Creek,
Armand Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Moses Bayou, Moses
Lake
Jamaica Beach Canal
Oyster Creek, Swan
Lake
Jones Creek, Intracoastal
Waterway
Caney Creek
Colorado River
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Mesquite Bay
Port Aransas Birding
Center
Nueces River
Oso Bay, Oso Creek
Bayview Campground,
Kraatz Pier
Adolph Tomae Jr.
County Park
April
Planned Date
Collected
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
12
25-Apr
26- Apr
26-Apr
19- Apr
19- Apr
19-Apr
13- Apr
18- Apr
19-Apr
13-Apr
27-Apr
6-Apr
12
May
Planned Date
Collected
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
14
nc
11 -May
11 -May
15-May
30-May
30-May
nc
26-May
17-May
17-May
24-May
16-May
30-May
31 -May
12
June
Planned Date
Collected
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
12
23-Jun
23-Jun
21-Jun
nc
21-Jun
23-Jun
30-Jun
21-Jun
14-Jun
20-Jun
21-Jun
13-Jun
11
July
Planned Date
Collected
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
14
12-Jul
I0-Jul
26-Jul
7-Jul
27-Jul
20-Jul
20-Jul
26-Jul
26-Jul
25-Jul
24-Jul
12-Jul
12-Jul
12-Jul
28-Jul
15
August
Planned Date
Collected
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
12
2-Aug
10-Aug
7-Aug
7-Aug
9-Aug
15-Aug
nc
14-Aug
8-Aug
8-Aug
24-Aug
9-Aug
11
September
Planned Date
Collected
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
14
15-Sep
20-Sep
20-Sep
20-Sep
4-Oct
4-Oct
4-Oct
22-Sep
22-Sep
29-Sep
10-Oct
3-Oct
7-Sep
15-Sep
28-Sep
15
10
-------
Table 4-2. Stations Sampled for the Texas Pfiesteria Monitoring Program in 2001 (nc=not collected).
Minor system
Sampling locations
April May June July Aug Sept
Date Date Date Date Date Date Date Date Date Date Date Date
collected: collected: collected: collected: collected: collected: collected: collected: collected: collected: collected: collected:
first half second half first half second half first half second half first half second half first half second half first half second half
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bay
East Matagorda
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bayou
1 0-Apr
10-Apr
25-Apr
25-Apr
9-May
9-May
24-May
24-May
5-Jun
5-Jun
20-Jun
20-Jun
3-Jul
3-JuI
19-Jul
19-Jul
3-Aug
3-Aug
17-Aug
17-Aug
4-Sep
4-Sep
28-Sep
1 8-Sep
Bay
Lavaca Bay
East Flats
Arroyo Colorado
Total
Caney Creek
Port Lavaca Fishing
Pier
Port Aransas Birding
Center
Adolph Tomae Jr.
County Park
10-Apr
nc
10-Apr
9-Apr
5
25-Apr
19-Apr
25-Apr
23-Apr
6
9-May 24-May
8-May 24-May
9-May
5
24-May
5
5-Jun
10-Jun
12-Jun
7-Jun
6
20-Jun
28-Jun
26-Jun
19-Jun
6
3-Jul
Il-Jul
10-Jul
10-Jul
6
19-Jul
31-Jul
24-JuI
5
3-Aug
6-Aug
14-Aug
13-Aug
6
17-Aug
15-Aug
30-Aug
29-Aug
6
31-Aug
19-Sep
14-Sep
12-Sep
6
I8-Sep
27-Sep
27-Sep
nc
5
11
-------
Bayview Campground
100 Miles
Figure 4-1. Location of stations sampled for Pfiesteria in 2000.
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Clear Lake *J>
»JSL'
Dickinson Bayou^v ^
^
•"•#*'
Caney Creek
Port Aransas Birding Center
Arroyo City Park^ \
f
50
50 0 50 100 Kilometers
Figure 4-2. Location of stations sampled for Pfiesteria in 2001.
12
-------
Table 4-3. Characteristics of the Water Bodies and Adjacent Watersheds for the Pfiesteria sampling locations in 2000 and 2001. (nd=no data).
Location
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Tabbs Bay
Armand Bayou
Clear Lake
Clear Creek
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 2
Moses Bayou
Moses Lake
Jamaica Beach Canal
Oyster Creek
Swan Lake
Jones Creek
Intracoastal Waterway
Caney Creek
Colorado River
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Mesquite Bay
Nueces River
Port Aransas Birding
Center
Oso Creek
Oso Bay 1
Oso Bay 2
Kraatz Pier
Bayview Campground
Adolph Tomae Jr. County
Park
Salinity
Regime1
polyhaline
mesohaline
mesohaline
mesohaline
mesohaline
mesohaline
oligohaline
polyhaline
polyhaline
marine
mesohaline
mesohaline
polyhaline
polyhaline
polyhaline
mesohaline
polyhaline
mesohaline
marine
mesohaline
oligohaline
oligohaline
marine
polyhaline
marine
hypersaline
mesohaline
Water Body
Type
pass
open bay
bayou
open bay
bayou
bayou
bayou
bayou
open bay
canal
tidal creek
tidal lake
tidal creek
canal
tidal creek
tidal river
open bay
open bay
open bay
tidal river
marsh
tidal creek
open bay
open bay
open bay
open bay
tidal river
Nearby Predominant
Landuse/Landcover
ind, marsh
ind, forest, resid, marsh, comm.
forest, resid, abnp, marsh
resid, comm., park
resid, ind, marsh
resid, park, forest
forest, resid, agric
golf course, resid, prairie
resid, marsh, prairie
resid
forest, prairie, resid
marsh, prairie
forest, wma
forest, brush
resid, forest, brush, marsh
forest
ind, marsh, agric
rv park, comm., agric
nwr, oil/gas, marsh, prairie
ind, resid, marsh, agric
marsh, resid
resid, agric
univ, naval base, marsh, resid
resid, agric, range
agric, ranch
rv park, agric, ranch
agric, ranch, aquacult
Sediment Types3
Gravel (%) Sand (%) Silt/Clay (%)
10.7
0.49
0
0
0.94
0
nd
1.66
0.21
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
0.1
0
0.05
0.3
14.15
0
nd
nd
0.06
0.36
1.94
1.67
0
26.17
5.76
0
0
12.69
12.43
nd
5.36
82.85
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
0.1
9.95
6.73
3.59
35.75
11.3
nd
nd
98.7
1.65
35.54
37.29
2.32
63.13
93.75
98
98
86.38
87.56
nd
92.98
16.94
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
99.8
90.05
93.21
96.1
50.1
88.75
nd
nd
1.29
98
62.51
61.04
97.68
1. oligohaline^ 0.6-3.0 ppt, mesohaline=3.1-16.5 ppt, polyhaline=16.6-30.0 ppt,.marine=30.1-40.0, hypersaline>40.0 ppt (from Stickney 1984).
2. ind=industrial, resid=residential, comm.=commercial, abnp=Armand Bayou Nature Preserve, wma=Wildlife Management Area,
nwr=National Wildlife Refuge, univ=university, aquacult=aquaculture.
3. Sediment types from Bureau of Economic Geology, (White et al, 1983,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989a, 1989b).
13
-------
Table 4-4. Potential Pollution Sources and Historic Nutrient Characteristics of the Water Bodies and Adjacent Watersheds for
the Pfiesteria sampling locations in 2000 and 2001. (nd=no data)
Location
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Tabbs Bay
Armand Bayou
Clear Lake
Clear Creek
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 2
Moses Bayou
Moses Lake
Jamaica Beach Canal3
Oyster Creek
Swan Lake
Jones Creek3
Intracoastal Waterway
Caney Creek
Colorado River
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Mesquite Bay
Nueces River
Port Aransas Birding Center
Oso Creek
Oso Bay 1
Oso Bay 2
Kraatz Pier
Bayview Campground
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
TCEQ
Segment
2411
2426
2425
2425
1101
1103
1103
2431
2431
2424
1109
nd
1201
nd
1304
1401
2453
2453
2463
2101
2481
2485
2485
2485
2492
2492
2201
DIN
(mg/L)
0.219
0.584
0.363
0.363
1.386
0.362
0.362
0.223
0.223
0.121
0.470
nd
0.805
nd
0.890
0.571
0.175
0.175
0.169
0.307
0.213
0.423
0.423
0.423
0.172
0.172
2.310
DIP
(mg/L)
0.035
0.436
0.356
0.356
0.831
0.136
0.136
0.212
0.212
0.096
0.285
nd
0.162
nd
0.244
0.153
0.068
0.068
0.097
0.267
0.079
0.169
0.169
0.169
0.075
0.075
0.336
Nearby Potential Nutrient 1 998 303d Listed
Sources' Parameters of
Concern2
ind waste, NFS
ind waste, urban NPS 1,2
resid NPS 2,7
resid NPS
resid, comm. , ind NPS 2,3 ,4,5 ,6
resid NPS 7
agric NPS 7
golf course
resid, comm. NPS
resid NPS, septic syst 2,8,9
septic syst 2
septic syst 2
agric NPS
agric, ind NPS
comm., agric NPS 2
STP, resid, ind NPS
STP, resid NPS
STP, agric, resid NPS 2,7
resid NPS 2,7
STP, resid NPS 2,7
agric NPS
septic syst, agric NPS
shrimp farm, STP, agric NPS 7
1. ind=industrial, NPS=non point source, resid=residential, comm.=commercial, agric=agriculture, STP=sewage treatment plant
2. l=dioxin, 2=pathogens, 3=dichloroethane, 4=trichloroethane, 5=carbon disuifide, 6=chlordane, 7=organic enrichment/low
dissolved oxygen, 8=copper, 9=mercury.
3. The TCEQ segment data for these stations is not likely to be indicative of the local conditions at the Pfiesteria sampling
station.
14
-------
Meteorological Conditions
Mean monthly air temperatures during both sampling
seasons followed a typical seasonal pattern, with a mean
maximum temperature of 34.1 °C in August 2000
(Figure 4-3) and 30.3 °C in August of 2001 (Figure 4-4).
In both years, the mean minimum temperatures were
recorded on April, with 27.4 °C in 2000 (Figure 4-3) and
24.3 °C in 2001 (Figure 4-4).
The highest mean air temperature at any station in 2000
was 35 °C and was recorded at the Jones Creek station,
while the lowest mean of 25.56 °C was found at Oso
Bay 1 (Table 4-5). In 2001, the highest mean air
temperature of 32.38 °C was recorded at the Port Lavaca
Fishing Pier, while the lowest mean was 27.87 °C at
Clear Lake (Table 4-6).
The mean monthly cloud cover in 2000 was quite
variable and had a minimum value of 2.0 (10-25%) in
July (Table 4-5, Figure 4-5). By station, the lowest
cloud cover of 1.0 (0-9%) was recorded at Kraatz Pier on
Baffin Bay, while the highest value of 6.0 (91-100%)
was recorded at Oso Bay 1 (Table 4-5). In 2001, the
mean monthly cloud cover was again quite variable,
with the smallest mean of 2.1 (11.5%) occurring in May
(Table 4-6, Figure 4-6). By station, the lowest mean
cloud cover of 2.5 was recorded at Lavaca Bay Fishing
Pier, while the highest value of 4.0 was recorded at
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park (Table 4-6).
In 2000 the mean monthly wind speed was greatest
during the spring months with a mean 3.8 (12.5 kts) in
April and 3.1 (9.0 kts) in May, and was lowest during
the late summer months with a mean of 2.4 (6.4 kts) in
August and 2.7 (7.5 kts) September (2.7) (Figure 4-7).
The corresponding sea state values show great
variability. The highest mean sea state of 2.1 (distinct
wavelets, small and short but not breaking) was recorded
in August. The calmest mean sea state of 0.7 (only
ripples or small wavelets, no foam crests) was recorded
in September (Figure 4-8).
In 2000, the highest mean wind speed of 5.0 (19.0 kts)
was recorded at Kraatz Pier on Baffin Bay, while the
lowest value of 1.0 (2.0 kts) was recorded at Moses Lake
(Table 4-5). The highest mean sea state of 5.0
(pronounced waves, distinctly elongated with many
white horses, perhaps isolated spray) was also recorded
at Kraatz Pier, while there were 10 stations with a mean
sea state of 0.0 (water surface smooth, mirror-like)
(Table 4-5).
For 2001 the highest mean monthly wind speed of 2.6
(7.1 kts) was recorded in April, and generally showed a
progression of decreases through a low in July Of 1.75
(4.25 kts) followed by slight increases in August and
September (Figure 4-9). Mean sea state appears to
correspond much better with wind speed in 2001. The
highest mean sea state of 2.4 (distinct wavelets, small
and short but not breaking) was recorded in April and
the lowest 0.6 (only ripples or small wavelets, no foam
crests) in July (Figure 4-8).
The highest mean wind speed at a station in 2001 was
3.29 (9.95 kts), recorded at Lavaca Bay Fishing Pier,
while the lowest mean wind speed of 1.42 (3.3 kts) was
found at Clear Lake (Table 4-6). The highest mean sea
state of 2.71 (distinct wavelets, small to medium but not
breaking) was recorded at the Port Lavaca Fishing Pier,
while Clear Lake had a mean sea state of 0.00 (water
surface smooth, mirror-like) (Table 4-6).
15
-------
Table 4-5. Means (Stdev, N) for Meteorological Parameters at Pfiesteria Sampling Locations for 2000.
Minor System
Sabine Lake
Galveston Bay
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Moses Lake
Moses Lake
West Bay
Freeport South
Freeport South
Freeport North
Freeport North
Location
Sabine Pass
Tabbs Bay
Clear Lake
Clear Creek
Armand Bayou
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 2
Moses Bayou
Moses Lake
Jamaica Beach Canal
Intracoastal Waterway
Jones Creek
Oyster Creek
Swan Lake
Air temperature
(degrees C)
32.69
(2.091,6)
32.41
(4.979, 3)
29.44
(0,1)
30.28
(1.179,2)
33.15
(1.604,3)
30.00
(4.747, 3)
33.61
(1.964,2)
31.67
(0.786, 2)
32.22
(0,1)
31.57
(1.424,6)
32.22
(0.000, 2)
35
(0,1)
32.22
(0.000, 2)
33.33
(0,1)
Wind speed
code (Beaufort)
2.17
(0.753, 6)
3.00
(1.000,3)
3.00
(0,1)
3.50
(0.707, 2)
3.33
(1.528,3)
2.67
(0.577, 3)
2.00
(1.414,2)
3.00
(1.414,2)
1.00
(0,1)
3.17
(0.753, 6)
2.50
(0.707, 2)
2
(0,1)
2.00
(1.414,2)
3.00
(0,1)
Approximate
average wind
speed (kts)
5.6
8.5
8.5
11.0
10.2
7.3
5.0
8.5
2.0
9.4
6.8
5.0
5.0
8.5
Cloud cover
code
3.00
(1.673,6)
2.00
(0.000, 3)
2.00
(0,1)
4.00
(2.828, 2)
3.00
(1.000,3)
3.33
(1.528,3)
2.50
(0.707, 2)
4.50
(2.121,2)
2.00
(0,1)
2.00
(1.000,5)
2.50
(0.707, 2)
2
(0,1)
2.50
(0.707, 2)
2.00
(0,1)
Approximate Sea state code
average cloud (Beaufort)
cover (%)
38.5
17.5
17.5
63.0
38.5
46.6
28.0
72.8
17.5
17.5
28.0
17.5
28.0
17.5
0
(0.000, 6)
2.33
(2.082, 3)
2.00
(0,1)
1.50
(2.121,2)
2.00
(1.732, 3)
3.00
(3.000, 3)
0.00
(0.000, 2)
1.50
(2.121,2)
0.00
(0,1)
0.00
(0.000, 6)
1.50
(2.121,2)
0
(0,1)
0.00
(0.000, 2)
0.00
(0,1)
Approximate average sea
state
Smooth
Wavelets
Wavelets
Ripples to small wavelets
Wavelets
Large wavelets
Smooth
Ripples to small wavelets
Smooth
Smooth
Ripples to small wavelets
Smooth
Smooth
Smooth
16
-------
East Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Lavaca Bay
Mesquite Bay
Nueces Bay
Corpus Christ! Bay
Oso Bay
Oso Bay
Oso Bay
Baffin Bay
Baffin Bay
Arroyo Colorado
Grand Mean
(Stdev, N)
(Min, Max)
Caney Creek
Colorado River
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Mesquite Bay
Nueces River
Port Aransas Birding Center
Oso Bay 1
Oso Bay 2
Oso Creek
Kraatz Pier
Bayview Campground
Arroyo City Park
31.56
(2.466, 5)
32.59
(0.642, 3)
30.78
(3.656, 5)
31.30
(3.208, 3)
31.11
(4.052, 6)
27.81
(4.007, 3)
25.56
(0,1)
30.05
(2.262, 4)
32.22
(0,1)
31.11
(0,1)
30.46
(2.101,5)
29.91
(5.852, 3)
31.29
(5.189,75)
(24.4, 36.7)
2.80
(0.837, 5)
2.66
(0.760, 3)
3.80
(1.142,5)
4.00
(1.732,3)
4.33
(0.816,6)
4.00
(0.000, 3)
3.00
(0,1)
3.00
(1.414,4)
2.00
(0,1)
5.00
(0,1)
4.00
(1.581,5)
2.66
(1.075,3)
3.12
(1.208,75)
(1.0,6.0)
7.8
7.3
12.5
13.5
15.3
13.5
8.5
8.5
5.0
19.0
13.5
7.3
3.00
(1.414,4)
2.33
(0.577, 3)
3.00
(1.871,5)
3.00
(1.732, 3)
2.67
(2.251,6)
1.50
(0.707, 2)
6.00
(0,1)
2.50
(1.732,4)
2.00
(0,1)
1.00
(0,1)
1.60
(0.894, 5)
2.67
(2.082, 3)
2.64
(1.476,72)
(1.0, 6.0)
38.5
24.4
38.5
38.5
31.6
11.0
95.5
28.0
17.5
4.5
12.3
31.6
1.20
(1.643,5)
0.00
(0.000, 3)
3.20
(1.643, 5)
3.00
(3.000, 3)
0.80
(1.304, 5)
0.00
(0.000, 2)
3.00
(0,1)
2.25
(1.500,4)
0.00
(0,1)
5.00
(0,1)
3.80
(0.837, 5)
2.00
(2.828, 3)
1.50
(1.854,72)
(0.0, 6.0)
Ripples
Smooth
Large wavelets with white
horses
Large wavelets with white
horses
Smooth to small wavelets
Smooth
Large wavelets with white
horses
Distinct wavelets
Smooth
Pronounced waves, many
white horses
Large wavelets, some
waves, some white horses
Distinct wavelets
17
-------
Table 4-6. Means (Stdev, N) for Meteorological Parameters at Pfiesteria Sampling Locations for 2001.
Minor System
Location
Air Wind speed Approximate Cloud cover Approximate Sea state code
temperature code average wind code average cloud (Beaufort)
(degrees C) (Beaufort) speed (kts) cover (%)
Approximate average sea
state
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bay
East Matagorda Bay
Lavaca Bay
Corpus Christ! Bay
Arroyo Colorado
Grand Meam
(Stdev, N)
(Min, Max)
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bayou
Caney Creek
Lavaca Bay
Port Aransas Birding Center
Arroyo City Park
27.87
(2.761, 12)
28.33
(2.333, 12)
28.33
(2.024, 12)
32.38
(3.219,7)
25.02
(2.745, 12)
30.35
(3.411,8)
28.32
(3.352, 63)
(19.7,35.0)
1.42
(1.084, 12)
1.92
(0.669, 12)
2.17
(0.577, 12)
3.29
(1.266,7)
2.75
(0.754, 12)
3.18
(1.168, 11)
2.35
(1.143,66)
(0.0, 6.0)
3.3 2.75
(2.094, 12)
4.8 3.42
(1.730, 12)
5.6 3.08
(1.505, 12)
9.9 2.50
(1.690, 8)
7.6 2.75
(1.960, 12)
9.4 4.00
(1.789, 11)
3.10
(1.810,67)
(1.0,6.0)
33.3
48.8
40.5
28.0
33.3
63.0
0.00
(0.000, 12)
0.75
(1.357, 12)
1.08
(1.621, 12)
2.71
(2.215,7)
0.50
(0.707, 2)
2.27
(1.737, 11)
1.20
(1.699,56)
(0.0, 6.0)
Smooth
Smooth to small ripples
Ripples to small wavelets
Distinct to large wavelets
Smooth to small ripples
Distinct wavelets
18
-------
o,
20
Q.
E
CD
I- 15
10
0
Apr-01 May-01 Jun-01 Jul-01 Aug-01 Sep-01
Date
Figure 4-4. Mean monthly air temperature at Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2001.
19
-------
5.5
5
4.5
r
3.5
"§ 2.5
_g
O 2
1.5
0.5
0 ,
Apr-00
May-00
Jun-00
Jul-00
Aug-00
Sep-00
Date
Figure 4-5. Mean monthly cloud cover at Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2000. Cloud cover code values:
1=0-9%, 2=10-25%, 3=26-50%, 4=51-75%, 5=76-90%, 6=91-100%.
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
5 2'5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Apr-01
May-01 Jun-01
Jul-01
Aug-01 Sep-01
Date
Figure 4-6. Mean monthly cloud cover at Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2001. Cloud cover code values:
1=0-9%, 2=10-25%, 3=26-50%, 4=51-75%, 5=76-90%, 6=91-100%.
20
-------
5.5
4.5
I 4
co 3.5
CD
DO q
CD
CD
Q.
CO
> 1.5
0.5 t
0 i
Apr-00 May-00 Jun-00 Jul-00 Aug-00 Sep-00
Date
Figure 4-7. Mean monthly wind speed (Beaufort scale) at Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2000.
4.5 --
4 i-
3.5 -|
co
CD
CQ
CO
4-»
O)
0.5
0
Apr-00 May-00 Jun-00 Jul-00 Aug-00 Sep-00
Date
Figure 4-8. Mean monthly sea state (Beaufort scale) at Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2000.
21
-------
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5 -
8 3.0
E.
-a 2.5
0
0
«• 2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
o.o —
Apr-01 May-01 Jun-01 Jul-01
Date
Aug-01 Sep-01
Figure 4-9. Mean monthly wind speed (Beaufort scale) at Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2001.
5.0 , - — -- — - — -— - —-
4.5
4.0
tT 3'5
£
3 3-°
®
CQ
— 2.5
0
•I—'
CO
w 2.0
CO
0
^ 1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Apr-01 May-01 Jun-01 Jul-01
Date
• I
Aug-01 Sep-01
Figure 4-10. Mean monthly sea state (Beaufort scale) at Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2001.
22
-------
Physicochemical Conditions
Measures of depth, water temperature, dissolved oxygen,
salinity, conductivity, pH, percent saturation and Secchi
depth were recorded on a fairly consistent basis at nearly
all the sampling stations in both 2000 and 2001. At the
Port Aransas Birding Center, typically, only depth, water
temperature and salinity data were collected. In other
occasions there were equipment failures or probe
malfunctions that prevented collection of some or all of
the suite of parameters. It should be noted that some
care should be taken in the interpretation of the monthly
mean data in 2000, as not all of the stations were
sampled each month.
The mean water temperature at the 26 sites sampled in
2000 was 29.04 °C and ranged from 20.4 °C to 33.8 °C
(Table 4-6). On a monthly basis the water temperature
followed the same pattern as the air temperature, with
the highest mean water temperature of 31.21 °C
recorded in August (Figure 4-14). Surface and bottom
temperatures varied little in relation to each other in all
months, with the surface temperatures only slightly
higher than bottom temperatures (Figure 4-14).
The mean dissolved oxygen in 2000 was 6.91 mg/L,
with a range from 1.37 to 13.86 mg/L (Table 4-6). On a
monthly basis, the mean surface and bottom dissolved
oxygen was greatest in April and May, decreased to a
low in June, then steadily increased to a high of 8.07
mg/L in September (Figure 4-15). Surface and bottom
dissolved oxygen differed by about 1 mg/L, with the
bottom values always being lower than the surface
values (Figure 4-15). Armand Bayou (11.91 mg/L) and
the Port Aransas Birding Center (13.86 mg/L) had the
highest mean surface dissolved oxygen, while the lowest
mean values were recorded at Dickinson Bayou 2 (2.93
mg/L) and Oso Creek (1.37 mg/L) (Table 4-6, Figure 4-
11).
The mean salinity and conductivity in 2000 was 19.5 ppt
and 32.86 mS/cm, respectively (Table 4-6). The salinity
ranged from 0.00 to 60.0 ppt (Table 4-6). The highest
mean salinities were recorded at the Bayview
Campground (49.34 ppt) and Oso Bay 1 (45.5 ppt)
sampling locations, while the lowest salinities were
recorded in the upper reaches of creeks such as
Dickinson Bayou (2.00 ppt), Oso Creek (2.20 ppt), Clear
Creek (5.73 ppt) and at the Port Aransas Birding Center
(0.65 ppt) (Table 4-6, Figure 4-12). On a monthly basis,
the highest mean surface salinities were observed in
September (23.94 ppt), followed closely by July (20.55
ppt) and August (23.26 ppt), while the lowest mean
salinity was recorded in June (12.96 ppt) (Figure 4-16).
In all cases, the mean bottom salinity was greater than
the surface salinity, with the greatest differences being in
July and September (Figure 4-16).
The mean pH recorded along the coast in 2000 was 8.11,
with a range from 7.15 to 9.54 (Table 4-6). On a
monthly basis, the pH was very similar, with June being
slightly lower that the other months (Figure 4-17).
Surface and bottom pHs showed almost no difference
(Figure 4-17).
The mean Secchi depth for the 26 sites sampled in 2000
was 45.88 cm, with a range from 10 to 100 cm (Table 4-
6). The highest mean Secchi depths were recorded at the
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge (70.17 cm) and Dickinson
Bayou 2 (80.0 cm) (Table 4-6, Figure 4-13). On a
monthly basis, the mean Secchi depth varied greatly
month to month, with the highest Secchi depths
occurring in July (49.79 cm) and September (50.77 cm)
and the lowest in May (35.91 cm) (Figure 4-18).
The mean water temperature at the six sites sampled in
2001 was 28.17 °C and ranged from 21.91 to 32.95 °C
(Table 4-7). On a monthly basis, water temperatures
followed the typical seasonal pattern, with the highest
mean temperature of 30.18 °C recorded in August, and
the lowest mean temperature of 24.74 °C occurring in
April (Figure 4-22). Surface and bottom temperatures
varied only slightly in relation to each other, with the
bottom temperatures usually slightly lower than the
surface (Figure 4-22).
The mean dissolved oxygen in 2001 was 7.17 mg/L,
with a range from 2.05 to 19.15 mg/L (Table 4-7). The
lowest mean dissolved oxygen was recorded at Caney
Creek (4.52 mg/L) and the highest at the Port Aransas
Birding Center (10.28 mg/L) (Table 4-7). On a monthly
basis, the mean surface dissolved oxygen was highest
during the months of April (8.95 mg/L) and May (8,72
mg/L), then dipped to a low of 5.98 mg/L in June
(Figure 4-23). The dissolved oxygen then showed a
slight increase, and was fairly consistent for the months
of July, August and September (Figure 4-23).
23
-------
The mean salinity in 2001 was 8.67 ppt with a range
from 0.1 to 30.8 ppt (Table 4-7). The six sites sampled
in 2001 were distinctly divided into three very low
salinity, oligohaline sites, all with mean salinities below
4.0 ppt (Clear Lake, Dickinson Bayou and Port Aransas
Birding Center) and three mesohaline sites, Caney
Creek, Port Lavaca Fishing Pier and Arroyo City Park,
with mean salinities between 15 and 20 ppt (Figure 4-
20). On a monthly basis, mean salinities generally
increased from April to August, then showed precipitous
decline in September (Figure 4-24). Surface and bottom
showed very little difference in relation to each other,
with the mean bottom salinities in all months, slightly
higher than the surface (Figure 4-24).
The mean pH for the six sampling sites in 2001 was
8.36, with a range from 7.19 to 10.81 (Table 4-7). The
Port Aransas Birding Center had the highest mean pH at
9.35, while the lowest mean pH of 7.81 was recorded at
Caney Creek (Table 4-7). On a monthly basis, the mean
pH was very similar from month to month, and there
was little difference between the surface and bottom pHs
in each month (Figure 4-25). The highest monthly mean
pH of 8.78 was recorded in August, the lowest, 8.04,
was recorded in September (Figure 4-25).
The mean Secchi depth for all sites in 2001 was 35.8 cm,
with a range from 15 to 71 cm (Table 4-7). Secchi depth
was not recorded at the Port Aransas Birding Center. At
the other five sites, the smallest mean Secchi depth of
25.0 cm was recorded at Clear Lake, while the greatest
mean Secchi depth of 41.0 cm was recorded at the Port
Lavaca Fishing Pier (Table 4-7, Figure 4-21). The mean
monthly Secchi depth followed a pattern very similar to
that of salinity, with the values increasing to a high of
47.78 cm in August, then dropping off to a low of 33.33
cm in September (Figure 4-26).
24
-------
Table 4-7. Means (StdDev, N) for Physicochemical Parameters at Pfiesteria Sampling Locations for 2000 (nc=not collected)
Location
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Tabbs Bay
Armand Bayou
Clear Creek
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 2
Moses Bayou
Moses Lake
Jamaica Beach Canal
Oyster Creek
Swan Lake
Intracoastal Waterway
Jones Creek
Caney Creek
Colorado River
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Mesquite Bay
Nueces River
Port Aransas Birding Center
Oso Bay 1
Temp
(deg C)
29.03
(3.090, 6)
29.19
(3.728, 3)
31.46
(2.061,3)
29.03
(0.325, 2)
26.90
(0,1)
29.37
(3.097, 4)
29.44
(0,1)
28.30
(0.205, 2)
30.92
(0,1)
28.24
(1.592,6)
29.68
(2.864, 2)
30.43
(0,1)
30.67
(3.995, 2)
30.44
(0,1)
29.10
(1.734,5)
30.43
(0.756, 3)
26.13
(4.282, 5)
27.87
(2.091,3)
28.56
(2.076, 6)
30.22
(2.980, 6)
23.40
(0,1)
DO
(mg/L)
6.37
(0.924, 6)
7.00
(0.286, 30
11.91
(0.491,3)
7.53
(1.846,2)
9.68
(0,1)
7.64
(2.665, 4)
2.93
(0,1)
6.73
(1.358,2)
6.52
(0,1)
5.46
(2.281,6)
6.72
(0.262, 2)
5.25
(0,1)
6.64
(1.563,2)
7.83
(0, 1)
5.20
(1.084,5)
9.17
(1.995,3)
6.20
(1.239,4)
6.18
(0.092, 2)
8.24
(1.322,6)
13.86
(0.000, 1)
8.25
(0, 1)
Salinity
(PPt)
19.65
(4.271,6)
15.53
(1.677,3)
3.80
(0.819,3)
5.73
(0.304, 2)
14.50
(0,1)
6.77
(3.625, 4)
2.00
(0,1)
18.90
(1.831,2)
22.60
(0,1)
33.34
(2.491,6)
10.30
(8.627, 2)
nc
(0,0)
21.85
(14.071,2)
21.00
(0,1)
20.01
(12.143,5)
3.20
(2.406, 3)
23.20
(4.500, 5)
34.46
(5.159,3)
7.30
(8.459, 6)
0.65
(0.811,6)
34.00
(0,1)
Conductivity
(mS/cm)
28.75
(5.265, 6)
24.70
(2.970, 2)
6.83
(1.468,3)
10.69
(1.387,2)
nc
(0,0)
11.73
(5.865,4)
3.68
(0,1)
30.38
(2.793, 2)
36.00
(0,1)
50.48
(3.503, 6)
17.23
(13.683,2)
nc
(0,0)
34.30
(20.223, 2)
22.10
(0,1)
31.51
(17.762,5)
5.81
(4.200, 3)
35.18
(4.712,5)
55.35
(9.798, 3)
12.24
(13.168,6)
21.46
(0.000, 1)
51.60
(0,1)
pH
7.87
(0.135,6)
8.13
(0.014, 2)
9.31
(0.202, 3)
8.35
(0.014, 2)
nc
(0,0)
8.24
(0.606, 3)
7.28
(0,1)
7.97
(0.071,2)
7.97
(0,1)
7.95
(0.178,5)
8.01
(0.148,2)
7.91
(0, 1)
7.88
(0.148,2)
8.14
(0,1)
8.09
(0.101,4)
8.48
(0.267, 3)
8.15
(0.184,4)
8.01
(0.205, 3)
8.59
(0.210,6)
9.35
(0.000, 1)
8.10
(0,1)
Percent
Saturation
94.55
(15.303,6)
98.87
(8.010, 3)
167.61
(12.843,3)
99.95
(24.395, 2)
131.90
(0,1)
106.08
(42.384, 4)
37.70
(0,1)
96.85
(20.577, 2)
103.40
(0,1)
84.83
(33.179,6)
94.85
(3.465, 2)
91.30
(0,1)
102.10
(25.032, 2)
121.00
(0,1)
76.68
(13.546,5)
125.57
(30.218,3)
95.83
(6.801,3)
94.95
(2.192,2)
112.08
(19.476,6)
196.90
(0.000, 1 )
124.00
(0,1)
Secchi Depth
(cm)
70.17
(18.978,6)
36.67
(15.275,3)
31.00
(10.149,3)
27.50
(3.536, 2)
50.00
(0,1)
59.00
(18.520,3)
80.00
(0,1)
30.00
(14.142,2)
50.00
(0,1)
46.00
(13.416,5)
40.00
(14.142,2)
30.00
(0,1)
35.00
(35.355, 2)
50.00
(0,1)
56.50
(21.502,4)
41.67
(12.583,3)
62.60
(30.664, 5)
53.00
(2.828, 2)
31.50
(5.683, 6)
15.00
(0.000, 1)
nc
(0,0)
25
-------
Oso Bay 2
Oso Creek
Bayview Campground
Kraatz Pier
Arroyo City Park
Grand mean
(Stdev, Count)
(Min, Max)
Table 4-8. Means (StdDev,
Location
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bayou
Caney Creek
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Aransas Birding Center
Arroyo City Park
Grand mean
(Stdev, Count)
(Min, Max)
31.39
(0.947, 4)
26.65
(0,1)
28.57
(3.536, 5)
28.86
(0,1)
28.80
(3.504, 3)
29.04
(2.678, 78)
(20.4, 33.8)
4.75
(2.064, 4)
1.37
(0,1)
6.94
(1.714,5)
8.07
(0,1)
6.55
(3.757,3)
6.91
(2.402,71)
(1.37, 13.86)
45.41
(3.918,4)
2.20
(0,1)
49.34
(9.096, 5)
36.20
(0,1)
15.90
(5.183,3)
19.5
(15.384,77)
(0, 60.6)
72.95
(8.953, 4)
4.55
(0,1)
73.49
(10.958,5)
54.10
(0,1)
26.60
(6.759, 3)
32.86
(22.648, 70)
8.01
(0.132,3)
7.13
(0,1)
7.90
(0.299, 4)
8.39
(0,1)
8.11
(0.194,3)
8.17
(0.441,64)
(0.88,82.3) (7.13,9.54)
N) for Physicochemical Parameters at Pfiesteria Sampling
Temp
(deg C)
27.66
(3.510, 12)
28.82
(3.043, 12)
27.74
(2.693, 12)
28.49
(3.824, 8)
26.95
(1.801, 12)
29.62
(2.011, 11)
28.17
(2.881,67)
(21.91,32.95
DO
(mg/L)
7.66
(3.966, 12)
6.21
(1.640, 12)
4.52
(1.195, 12)
6.99
(0.965, 7)
10.28
(5.019, 12)
7.28
(2.065, 10)
7.17
(3.432, 65)
(2.05, 19.15)
Salinity
(PPO
0.81
(0.760, 12)
2.79
(3.336, 12)
18.88
(10.153, 12)
15.50
(7.954, 8)
1.58
(1.731, 12)
15.27
(5.456, 11)
8.67
(9.455, 67)
(0.1,30.8)
Conductivity
(mS/cm)
1.55
(1.392, 12)
5.09
(5.736, 12)
28.09
(14.237, 12)
24.38
(11.772,8)
2.13
(0.398, 12)
26.45
(8.947, 7)
13.05
(14.392,63)
(0.19,46.3)
83.30
(36.210,4)
16.70
(0,1)
113.92
(35.822, 5)
135.60
(0,1)
94.10
(51.895,3)
102.02
(34.019,70)
(16.7, 196.9)
59.50
(35.369, 4)
28.00
(0,1)
30.90
(10.249,5)
18.00
(0,1)
50.33
(10.017,3)
45.88
(21.405,68)
(10, 100)
Locations for 2001
pH
8.70
(0.624, 11)
7.94
(0.363, 11)
7.81
(0.214, 11)
8.17
(0.154,6)
9.35
(0.874, 7)
8.52
(0.269, 7)
8.36
(0.689, 60)
(7.19, 10.81)
Percent
Saturation
89.86
(47.610,11)
82.73
(25.535, 12)
64.43
(15.870, 12)
102.58
(7.326, 6)
129.52
(64.883, 12)
111.84
(31.082,7)
95.12
(44.135,60)
(30.3, 252.6)
Secchi Depth
(cm)
25.00
(7.071, 12)
37.50
(10.766, 12)
40.42
(12.147, 12)
41.00
(17.680,8)
nd
nd
37.57
(4.315,7)
35.8
(12.390,51)
(15,71)
26
-------
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Tabbs Bay
Armand Bayou
Clear Creek
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 2
Moses Bayou
Moses Lake
Jamaica Beach Canal
Oyster Creek
Swan Lake
Intracoastal Waterway
Jones Creek
Caney Creek
Colorado River
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Mesquite Bay
Nueces River
Port Aransas Birding Center
Oso Bay 1
Oso Bay 2
Oso Creek
Bayview Campground
Kraatz Pier
Arroyo City Park
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
Figure 4-11. Mean dissolved oxygen at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2000.
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Tabbs Bay
Armand Bayou
Clear Creek
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 2
Moses Bayou
Moses Lake
Jamaica Beach Canal
Oyster Creek
Swan Lake
Intracoastal Waterway
Jones Creek
Caney Creek
Colorado River
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Mesquite Bay
Nueces River
Port Aransas Birding Center
Oso Bay 1
Oso Bay 2
Oso Creek
Bayview Campground
Kraatz Pier
Arroyo City Park
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0
Salinity (ppt)
Figure 4-12. Mean salinity at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2000.
50.0
60.0
27
-------
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Tabbs Bay
Armand Bayou
Clear Creek
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 2
Moses Bayou
Moses Lake
Jamaica Beach Canal
Oyster Creek
Swan Lake
Intracoastal Waterway
Jones Creek
Caney Creek
Colorado River
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Mesquite Bay
Nueces River
Port Aransas Birding Center
Oso Bay 1
Oso Bay 2
Oso Creek
Bayview Campground
Kraatz Pier
Arroyo City Park
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0
Secchi Depth (cm)
Figure 4-13. Mean Secchi depth at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2000.
100.0
28
-------
0
4/2000 5/2000 6/2000 7/2000 8/2000 9/2000
Date
Figure 4-14. Mean monthly surface and bottom water temperature at Pfiesteria sampling stations for 2000.
4/2000 5/2000 6/2000 7/2000 8/2000 9/2000
Date
Figure 4-15. Mean monthly surface and bottom dissolved oxygen at Pfiesteria sampling stations for 2000.
Legend
• Surface
Bottom
Legend
| Surface
\ Bottom
29
-------
4/2000 5/2000 6/2000 7/2000 8/2000 9/2000
Date
Figure 4-16. Mean monthly surface and bottom salinity at Pfiesteria sampling stations tor 2000.
x
CL
4/2000 5/2000 6/2000 7/2000 8/2000 9/2000
Date
Figure 4-17. Mean monthly surface and bottom pH at Pfiesteria sampling stations for 2000.
Legend
K Surface
Bottom
Legend
Surface
| | Bottom
30
-------
4/2000 5/2000 6/2000 7/2000 8/2000 9/2000
Date
Figure 4-18. Mean monthly Secchi depth at Pfiesteria sampling stations for 2000.
31
-------
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bayou
Caney Creek
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Aransas Birding Center
Arroyo City Park
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
Figure 4-19. Mean dissolved oxygen at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2001.
10.0
12.0
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bayou
Caney Creek
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Aransas Birding Center
Arroyo City Park
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0
Salinity (ppt)
Figure 4-20. Mean salinity at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2001.
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bayou
Caney Creek
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Aransas Birding Center
Arroyo City Park
j
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0
Secchi Depth (cm)
Figure 4-21. Mean Secchi depth at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2001.
32
-------
4/2001 5/2001 6/2001 7/2001 8/2001 9/2001
Date
Figure 4-22. Mean monthly surface and bottom water temperature at Pfiesieria sampling stations for 200I.
4/2001 5/2001 6/2001 7/2001 8/2001 9/2001
Date
Figure 4-23. Mean monthly surface and bottom dissolved oxygen at Pfiesieria sampling stations for 2001.
33
-------
Q.
Q.
>?
'c
2 J
4/2001 5/2001 6/2001 7/2001 8/2001 9/2001
Date
Figure 4-24. Mean monthly surface and bottom salinity at Pfiesteriu sampling stations for 2001.
I
Q.
4/2001 5/2001 6/2001 7/2001 8/2001 9/2001
Date
Figure 4-25. Mean monthly surface and bottom pH at Pfiesteria sampling stations for 2001
Legend
Surface
[ | Bottom
Legend
^J Surface
[ | Bottom
34
-------
4/2001 5/2001 6/2001 7/2001 8/2001
Date
Figure 4-26. Mean monthly Secchi depth at Pfiesteria sampling stations for 2001
9/2001
35
-------
Chlorophyll a and Nutrients
The mean chlorophyll a concentration for the 26 sites
in 2000 was 24.62 ug/L, with a range from 12 to 134
ug/L (Table 4-8). There was much variation among
the sites, with mean values ranging from 4.10 ug/L
(Oso Bay 2) to 73.92 ug/L (Armand Bayou) (Figure 4-
27). The monthly mean chlorophyll a concentration
showed a steady increase from April (13.67 ug/L)
through September (39.97 ug/L), except for August,
which had the lowest mean of 11.56 ug/L (Figure 4-
33).
The mean silicate concentration was 109.04 ug/L, with
a range from 11.12 to 347.19 ug/L (Table4-8). In
general, the mean silicate at the sites increases as one
moves south along the coast, with the highest levels
recorded at the Nueces River (209.53 ug/L), Port
Aransas Birding Center (202.24 ug/L), Oso Creek
260.28 ug/L), Kraatz Pier (201.98 ug/L) and Adolph
Tomae Jr. County Park (239.90 ug/L) (Figure 4-28).
On a monthly basis, the mean silicate concentration in
the spring and early summer (April-June) of 132.49
ug/L was much greater than the 88.35 ug/L found in
the late summer (July-September) (Figure 4-34).
The mean phosphate concentration for the 26 sites
sampled in 2000 was 9.32 ug/L, with a range from
0.06 to 80.24 ug/L (Table 4-8). Phosphate did not
show any trend along the coast (Figure 4-29). Highest
values were recorded at the Port Aransas Birding
Center (29.01 ug/L) and Adolph Tomae Jr. County
Park (31.37 ug/L), while the lowest concentration of
phosphate, by far, were recorded at Oso Bay 1 (0.235
ug/L) (Table 4-8, Figure 4-29). The vast majority of
the values were between 1 to 15 ug/L. The monthly
mean phosphate concentration did not show any clear
trends, although the highest values were recorded in
August (12.24 ug/L) and September( 11.50 ug/L)
(Figure 4-35).
The nitrogen species for the study were reported as
nitrate+nitrite (NO3+NO2), ammonium NH4),
dissolved organic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved organic
nitrogen (DON) and total dissolved nitrogen (TON).
The mean DIN (NO3+NO2+NH4) was 28.21 ug/L, with
a range from 0.095 to 474.5 ug/L (Table 4-8). The
majority of the DIN was the nitrate+nitrite component,
which had a mean concentration of 24.39 ug/L.
Nitrate+nitrite showed a great deal of variability along
the coast (Figure 4-30), with very high values recorded
at Port Aransas Birding Center (182.97 ug/L) and
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park (128.03 ug/L) (Table
4-8, Figure 4-30). Not surprisingly, DIN showed a
similar pattern as that seen in nitrate+nitrite (Figure 4-
31).
Mean DON concentration was 87.61 ug/L with a range
from 17.29 to 1,191.16 ug/L (Table 4-8). There was
no trend in DON concentrations along the coast
(Figure 4-32). The highest mean values were recorded
at Jones Creek (218.68 ug/L) and the Port Aransas
Birding Center (609.66 ug/L) locations (Table 4-8,
Figure 4-32).
Monthly mean values of nitrate+nitrite peaked in May
(41.38 ug/L) and then trended downward to low values
in August (11.48 ug/L) and September (11.94 ug/L)
(Figure 4-36). DEM followed the same pattern Figure
4-37). On the other hand, DON showed a much
different pattern, as the lowest means were recorded in
June (80.63 ug/L) and July (53.77 ug/L), with the peak
occurring in April (144.45 ug/L) (Figure 4-38).
In 2001, the mean chlorophyll a concentration at the
six stations sampled was 57.57 ug/L with a range from
1.36 to 306.75 ug/L (Table 4-9). The mean values at
Clear Lake (94.35 ug/L) and the Port Aransas Birding
Center (117.86 ug/L) were by the far the highest,
while the remaining four stations had mean
chlorophyll a concentrations below 40 ug/L (Figure 4-
39). On a monthly basis, the mean chlorophyll a
concentration peaked in May (76.06 ug/L) and the
showed a steady decline to a low value of 42.15 ug/L
in September (Figure 4-45).
The mean silicate concentration in 2001 was 44.10
ug/L, with a range from 8.09 to 100.07 ug/L. (Table 4-
9). Silicate means tended to be higher at the lower
coast stations, with mean values of 69.02 ug/L at the
Port Aransas Birding Center and 56.51 ug/L at Adolph
Tomae Jr. County Park (Figure 4-40). The lowest
mean silicate values were found in the central part of
the coast, at Caney Creek (26.71 ug/L) and Port
Lavaca (31.91 ug/L) (Table 4-9, Figure 4-40). On a
monthly basis, the mean silicate concentration was
36
-------
higher in the latter four months (June-September) of
the study (Figure 4-46).
The mean phosphate concentration in 2001 was 10.62
ug/L, with a range from 0.18 to 62.18 ug/L (Table 4-
9). By far, the highest mean concentration of
phosphate was found at the Port Aransas Birding
Center (35.74 ug/L). All the rest of the sites had mean
values below 10 ug/L (Table 4-9, Figure 4-41). On a
monthly basis, phosphate concentrations showed a
general increasing trend, from a low value of 5.71
ug/L in April to a high of 15.64 ug/L in September
(Figure 4-47).
The mean DIN (NO3+NO2+NH4) in 2001 was 34.07
ug/L, with a range from 0.14 to 191.56 ug/L (Table 4-
9). The majority of the DIN was made up of
nitrate+nitrite, but not nearly as high a percentage as in
2000, as it made up only about 2/3 of the DEST as
compared to 4/5 in 2000. The highest mean
concentration of DIN was found at the Port Aransas
Birding Center (123.13 ug/L), while the rest of the
coast was less than 30 ug/L (Table 4-9, Figure 4-43).
As with DIN, the highest nitrate+nitrite concentration
was found at the Port Aransas Birding Center (80.49
ug/L), while the remainder of the stations were below
25 ug/L (Table 4-9, Figure 4-42).
The mean DON was 174.88 ug/L, with a range from
8.62 to 1119.27 ug/L (Table 4-9). The mean DON
concentration, like the DIN, was highest at the Port
Aransas Birding Center (631.62 ug/L), while all other
stations were less than 200 ug/L (Table 4-9, Figure 4-
44). The DON also was higher at the three southern
stations as compared to the northern stations (Figure 4-
44).
On a monthly basis, nitrate+nitrite showed a steady
decrease from April (35.59 ug/L) to August (26.19
ug/L), with a slight increase in September (35.33 ug/L)
(Figure 4-48). On the other hand, DIN was fairly
consistent during the six months, ranging between 25
to 40 ug/L (Figure 4-49). The monthly mean DON
concentration increased from April (123.52 ug/L) to
June (254.43 ug/L), then dropped in July (125.53
ug/L) to approximately the value in April, then
increased again through September (194.70 ug/L)
(Figure 4-50).
37
-------
Table 4-9. Means (StdDev, N) for Chlorophyll a, Silicate (SIO3), Phosphate (PO4), Nitrate+Nitrite (NO3 + NO20 Ammonium (NH4), Dissolved
Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN), Dissolved Organic Nitrogen (DON) and Total Dissolved Nitrogen (TON) for Pfiesteria Sampling Locations for 2000
(nd=no data).
Location
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Tabbs Bay
Clear Lake
Clear Creek
Armand Bayou
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 2
Moses Bayou
Moses Lake
Jamaica Beach Canal
Oyster Creek
Swan Lake
Intracoastal Waterway
Jones Creek
Caney Creek
Colorado River
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Mesquite Bay
Nueces River
Port Aransas Birding Center
Oso Bay 1
Oso Bay 2
Oso Creek
Kraatz Pier
Bayview Campground
Chlorophyll a
(ug/L)
8.33
(4.876, 6)
6.66
(2.469, 3)
14.65
(0,1)
51.09
(8.715,2)
73.92
(39.115,3)
18.39
(12.920,4)
11.625
(0,1)
21.19
(20.241 , 2)
13.425
(0,1)
21.67
(12.768,6)
11.12
(2.837, 2)
8.325
(0,1)
30.14
(34.807, 2)
69.75
(0,1)
5.56
(3.855, 5)
47.51
(51.164,3)
10.64
(5.673, 5)
13.47
(8.789, 3)
28.41
(17.291,6)
60.76
(53.339, 6)
6
(0,1)
4.10
(1.551,4)
25.93
(0,1)
26.75
(0.000, 2)
31.83
Silicate
(ug/L)
48.49
(7.349, 6)
57.34
(19.186,3)
51.155
(0,1)
49.96
(13.124,2)
57.02
(21.752,3)
79.60
(37.877, 4)
70.1
(0,1)
46.60
(15.295,2)
66.08
(0,1)
60.67
(11.859,6)
89.67
(54.242, 2)
11.12
(0,1)
79.00
(79.825, 2)
85.9
(0,1)
78.85
(73.785,5)
123.88
(58.457, 3)
89.45
(25.069, 5)
86.58
(8.244, 3)
209.53
(86.610,6)
202.24
(99.452, 6)
74.57
(0,1)
89.12
(37.822, 4)
260.28
(0,1)
201.98
(17.299,2)
153.79
Phosphate
(ug/L)
3.40
(3.408, 6)
9.87
(4.314,3)
4.38
(0,1)
10.79
(0.421,2)
14.03
(3.698, 3)
4.92
(1.638,4)
1.98
(0,1)
3.65
(4.830, 2)
2.385
(0,1)
4.61
(6.583, 6)
6.54
(4.978, 2)
12.27
(0,1)
10.09
(1.587,2)
19.79
(0,1)
13.31
(3.632, 5)
6.75
(3.397, 3)
2.62
(4.363, 5)
5.84
(8.486, 3)
6.52
(2.976, 6)
29.01
(26.776, 6)
0.235
(0,1)
6.93
(7.900, 4)
8.64
(0,1)
1.82
(0.209, 2)
4.87
Nitrate+Nitrite
(ug/L)
2.46
(3.418,6)
21.38
(19.647, 3)
15.82
(0,1)
17.68
(17.398,2)
0.74
(0.694, 3)
5.12
(8.835,4)
0.55
(0,1)
0.28
(0.099, 2)
0.085
(0,1)
0.11
(0.044, 6)
10.96
(15.224,2)
5.79
(0,1)
22.37
(6.781,2)
5.59
(0,1)
12.81
(23.193,5)
23.84
(20.238, 3)
0.73
(0.616,3)
0.68
(0.527, 3)
2.18
(2.468, 6)
182.97
(157.299,6)
1.31
(0,1)
0.64
(0.280, 4)
0.20
(0,1)
1.53
(0.463, 2)
0.87
Ammonium
(ug/L)
0.45
(0.455, 6)
4.13
(6.749, 3)
0.695
(0,1)
0.27
(0.004, 2)
0.24
(0.040, 3)
5.79
(8.188,4)
0.27
(0,1)
0.46
(0.523, 2)
0.05
(0,1)
0.26
(0.094, 6)
5.03
(6.749, 2)
0.44
(0,1)
2.00
(2.450, 2)
0.51
(0,1)
4.86
(8.033, 5)
1.83
(2.668, 3)
0.58
(0.658, 5)
0.27
(0.446, 3)
4.07
(7.261,6)
26.68
(49.248, 6)
4.025
(0,1)
1.18
(0.919,4)
0.71
(0,1)
0.46
(0.654, 2)
2.51
DIN1
(ug/L)
2.91
(3.459, 6)
25.51
(25.249, 3)
16.515
(0,1)
17.95
(17.402,2)
0.97
(0.687, 3)
10.91
(16.903,4)
0.82
(0,1)
0.74
(0.424, 2)
0.135
(0,1)
0.37
(0.095, 6)
15.99
(21.973,2)
6.23
(0,1)
24.37
(9.231,2)
6.1
(0,1)
17.67
(31.174,5)
25.67
(21.332,3)
0.99
(1.250,5)
0.94
(0.787, 3)
6.25
(9.024, 6)
209.65
(188.836,6)
5.335
(0,1)
1.82
(0.680, 4)
0.91
(0,1)
2.00
(0.191,2)
3.37
DON2
(ug/L)
24.76
(9.600, 6)
30.88
(16.312,3)
35.44
(0,1)
31.64
(8.807, 2)
51.33
(1.920,3)
45.08
(10.223,3)
28.65
(0, 1)
33.77
(18.880,2)
25.205
(0,1)
26.96
(5.286, 6)
25.20
(5.636, 2)
41.205
(0,1)
38.10
(16.469,2)
218.675
(0,1)
43.93
(34.509, 5)
23.00
(7.989, 3)
32.34
(12.857,4)
31.08
(16.925,3)
33.57
(7.767, 6)
609.66
(376.607, 6)
33.15
(0,1)
52.51
(9.353, 4)
48.50
(0,1)
nd
91.12
TON
(ug/L)
27.67
(9.184,6)
56.39
(40.180,3)
51.955
(0,1)
49.58
(26.209, 2)
52.30
(2.603. 3)
57.36
(22.883, 3)
29.47
(0,1)
34.50
(18.459,2)
25.34
(0,1)
27.32
(5.239, 6)
41.19
(16.338,2)
47.435
(0,1)
62.47
(25.700, 2)
224.775
(0,1)
61.59
(65.117,5)
48.67
(26.852, 3)
32.81
(12.489,4)
32.02
(17.125,3)
39.81
(12.057,6)
819.31
(270.630, 6)
38.485
(0,1)
54.33
(9.385, 4)
49.41
(0,1)
nd
94.49
38
-------
Arroyo City Park
Grand mean
(Stdev, n)
(Min)
(Max)
(28.773,5)
14.88
(3.870, 3)
24.62
(27.899, 79)
(12,0)
(134)
(44.372, 4)
239.90
(59.223, 3)
109.04
(77.785, 78)
(11.12)
(347)
(8.860, 4)
31.37
(36.785, 3)
9.32
(12.873,78)
( 0.06)
(80.24)
(0.836, 4)
128.03
(173.848, 30
24.71
(72.913,76)
( 0.065)
(418.02)
(4.718,4)
8.64
(14.163,3)
4.13
(14.932,78)
( 0.00)
(126.85)
(5.530, 4)
136.68
(187.819,3)
28.21
(82.491,78)
( 0.095)
(474.5)
(13.067,4)
35.23
(1.015,2)
87.61
(188.150,73)
( 17.29)
(1191.16)
(8.787, 4)
82.99
(40.765, 3)
82.99
(40.765, 74)
( 18.34)
(1304.37)
1. DIN=N03+NO2+NH4
2. DON=TDN-DIN
Table 4-10. Means (StdDev, N) for Chlorophyll a, Silicate (SIO3), Phosphate (PO4), Nitrate+Nitrite (NO3 + NO2,), Ammonium (NH4), Dissolved
Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN), Dissolved Organic Nitrogen (DON) and Total Dissolved Nitrogen (TON) for Pfiesteria Sampling Locations for 2001
(nd=no data).
Location
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bayou
Caney Creek
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Aransas Birding Center
Arroyo City Park
Grand mean
(Stdev, n)
(Min)
(Max)
Chlorophyll a
(ug/L)
94.35
(54.985, 12)
39.66
(27.436, 12)
13.13
(11.520,12)
16.16
(7.053, 6)
117.86
(70.952, 12)
36.53
(27.347, 8)
57.57
(57.982,62}
(1.36)
(306.75)
Silicate
(ug/L)
34.27
(19.544, 12)
44.17
(31.986, 12)
26.71
(15.631, 12)
31.91
(13.698,8)
69.02
(25.699, 12)
56.51
(20.374, 10)
44.10
(26.436, 66)
(8.09)
(100.07)
Phosphate
(ug/L)
9.58
(4.193, 12)
3.48
(1.712, 12)
3.71
(5.941, 12)
1.97
(1.544,8)
35.74
(18.788, 12)
5.50
(2.328, 10)
10.62
(14,777,66)
(0.18)
(62.18)
Nitrate+Nitrite
(ug/L)
15.52
(12.575, 12)
6.69
(5.745, 12)
4.19
(6.162, 12)
3.45
(4.841,8)
80.49
(9.457, 12)
23.46
(24.061,10)
23.40
(30.305, 66)
(0.11)
(95.69)
Ammonium
(ug/L)
4.23
(5.080, 12)
4.21
(5.014, 12)
4.27
(2.679, 12)
1.39
(2.512,8)
42.65
(36.666, 12)
2.86
(4.014, 10)
10.66
(21.726,66)
(0.00)
(117.32)
DIN1
(ug/L)
19.75
(11.899, 12)
10.90
(9.969, 12)
8.45
(7.278, 12)
4.84
(5.118,8)
123.13
(32.272, 12)
26.31
(23.821, 10)
34.07
(46.31,66)
(0.14)
(191.56)
DON2
(ug/L)
33.24
(15.337, 12)
33.40
(18.066, 12)
23.46
(10.471, 12)
144.49
(323.495, 8)
631.62
(319.289, 12)
172.53
(311.168, 10)
174.88
(303.81,66)
(8.62)
(1119.27)
TON
(ug/L)
52.98
(15.887,12)
44.30
(23.170, 12)
31.92
(12.459, 12)
149.32
(322.136,8)
754.75
(308.628, 12)
198.84
(311.939, 10)
208.94
(334.16,66)
(18.40)
(1258.53)
1 DIN=NO3+NO2+NH4
2. DON=TDN-DIN
39
-------
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Tabbs Bay
Clear Lake
Clear Creek
Armand Bayou
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 2
Moses Bayou
Moses Lake
Jamaica Beach Canal
Oyster Creek
Swan Lake
Intracoastal Waterway
Jones Creek
Caney Creek
Colorado River
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Mesquite Bay
Nueces River
Port Aransas Birding Center
Oso Bay 1
Oso Bay 2
Oso Creek
Kraatz Pier
Bayview Campground
Arroyo City Park
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0
Chlorophyll a (ug/L)
60.0
70.0
80.0
Figure 4-27. Mean chlorophyll a concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2000.
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Tabbs Bay
Clear Lake
Clear Creek
Armand Bayou
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 2
Moses Bayou
Moses Lake
Jamaica Beach Canal
Oyster Creek
Swan Lake
Intracoastal Waterway
Jones Creek
Caney Creek
Colorado River
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Mesquite Bay
Nueces River
Port Aransas Birding Center
Oso Bay 1
Oso Bay 2
Oso Creek
Kraatz Pier
Bayview Campground
Arroyo City Park
50 100 150 200
Silicate (ug/L)
250
300
Figure 4-28. Mean silicate concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2000.
40
-------
Sabine Pass Sw ing Bridge
Tabbs Bay
Clear Lake
Clear Creek
Armand Bayou
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 2
Moses Bayou
Moses Lake
Jamaica Beach Canal
Oyster Creek
Sw an Lake
Intracoastal Waterw ay
Jones Creek
Caney Creek
Colorado River
Lavaca Bay Causew ay
Mesquite Bay
Nueces River
Port Aransas Birding Center
Oso Bay 1
Oso Bay 2
Oso Creek
Kraatz Pier
Bayview Campground
Arroyo City Park
0.1
1.0
10.0
100.0
Phosphate (ug/L)
Figure 4-29. Mean phosphate concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2000.
Sabine Pass Sw ing Bridge
Tabbs Bay
Clear Lake
Clear Creek
Armand Bayou
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 2
Moses Bayou
Moses Lake
Jamaica Beach Canal
Oyster Creek
Sw an Lake
Intracoastal Waterw ay
Jones Creek
Caney Creek
Colorado River
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Mesquite Bay
Nueces River
Port Aransas Birding Center
Oso Bay 1
Oso Bay 2
Oso Creek
Kraatz Pier
Bayview Campground
Arroyo City Park
0.01
0.10 1.00 10.00
Nitrate+Nitrite (ug/L)
100.00
1000.00
Figure 4-30. Mean nitrate+nitrite concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2000.
41
-------
Sabine Pass Sw ing Bridge
Tabbs Bay
Clear Lake
Clear Creek
Armand Bayou
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 2
Moses Bayou
Moses Lake
Jamaica Beach Canal
Oyster Creek
Sw an Lake
Intracoastal Waterw ay
Jones Creek
Caney Creek
Colorado Rver
Lavaca Bay Causew ay
Mesquite Bay
Nueces Rver
Port Aransas Birding Center
Oso Bay 1
Oso Bay 2
Oso Creek
Kraatz Pier
Bayview Campground
Arroyo City Park
0.1
1.0
10.0
DIN (ug/L)
100.0
1000.0
Figure 4-31. Mean dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2000.
Sabine Pass Sw ing Bridge
Tabbs Bay
Clear Lake
Clear Creek
Armand Bayou
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 2
Moses Bayou
Moses Lake
Jamaica Beach Canal
Oyster Creek
Sw an Lake
Intracoastal Waterw ay
Jones Creek
Caney Creek
Colorado River
Lavaca Bay Causew ay
Mesquite Bay
Nueces Rver
Port Aransas Birding Center
Oso Bay 1
Oso Bay 2
Oso Creek
Kraatz Rer
Bayview Campground
Arroyo City Park
1
10
100
1000
DON (ug/L)
Figure 4-32. Mean dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2000.
42
-------
45
40
35
|30
a 25
g- 20
_o
6 15
10
5
0
Apr-00 May-00 Jun-00 Jul-00 Aug-00 Sep-00
Date
Figure 4-33. Mean monthly chlorophyll a concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2000.
160
140
120
^ 100
~o>
J 80
I
W 60
40
20
Apr-00 May-00 Jun-00 Jul-00 Aug-00 Sep-00
Date
Figure 4-34. Mean monthly silicate concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2000.
43
-------
14
12
10
o
a
.c
Q. c
cn 6
Apr-00 May-00 Jun-00 Jul-00 Aug-00 Sep-00
Date
Figure 4-35. Mean monthly phosphate concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2000.
45
40
35
30
g» 25
CD
1* 20
15
10
5
0
Apr-00 May-00 Jun-00 Jul-00 Aug-00 Sep-00
Date
Figure 4-36. Mean monthly nitrate+nitrite concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2000.
44
-------
O)
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Apr-00 May-00
Jun-00 Jul-00
Date
Aug-00 Sep-00
Figure 4-37. Mean monthly dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in
2000.
O)
O
Q
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Apr-00 May-00 Jun-00 Jul-00 Aug-00 Sep-00
Date
Figure 4-38. Mean monthly dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in
2000.
45
-------
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bayou
Caney Creek
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Aransas Birding Center
Arroyo City Park
0 20 40 60 80 100
Chlorophyll a (ug/L)
Figure 4-39. Mean chlorophyll a concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2001.
120
140
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bayou
Caney Creek
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Aransas Birding Center
Arroyo City Park
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0
Silicate (ug/L)
Figure 4-40. Mean silicate concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2001.
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bayou
Caney Creek
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Aransas Birding Center
Arroyo City Park
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0
Phosphate (ug/L)
Figure 4-41. Mean phosphate concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2001.
30.0 35.0 40.0
46
-------
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bayou
Caney Creek
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Aransas Birding Center
Arroyo City Park
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0
Nitrate+Nitrite (ug/L)
Figure 4-42. Mean nitrate+nitrite concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2001.
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bayou
Caney Creek
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Aransas Birding Center
Arroyo City Park
20
40
60 80
DIN (ug/L)
100
120
140
Figure 4-43. Mean dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2001.
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bayou
Caney Creek
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Aransas Birding Center
Arroyo City Park
100
200
300 400
DON (ug/L)
500
600
700
Figure 4-44. Mean dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2001.
47
-------
80
70
60
2"
g> 50
co
Ip 40
Q.
2
o 30
.c
O
20
10
Apr-01 May-01 Jun-01 Jul-01 Aug-01 Sep-01
Date
Figure 4-45. Mean monthly chlorophyll a concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2001.
Apr-01 May-01 Jun-01
Figure 4-46. Mean monthly silicate concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2001.
48
-------
18
16
14
^12
I10
03
t 8
o
£ 6
4
2
0
Apr-01 May-01 Jun-01 Jul-01
Date
Aug-01
Sep-01
Figure 4-47. Mean monthly phosphate concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2001.
40
35
30
I 25
0)
1 20
0)
OB 15
10
5
0
Apr-01 May-01 Jun-01 Jul-01
Date
Aug-01
Sep-01
Figure 4-48. Mean monthly nitrate+nitrite concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in 2001.
49
-------
Apr-01 May-01 Jun-01 Jul-01 Aug-01 Sep-01
Date
Figure 4-49. Mean monthly dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in
2001.
300
250
Apr-01 May-01 Jun-01
Figure 4-50. Mean monthly dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentration at the Pfiesteria sampling stations in
2001.
50
-------
Pfiesteria Results
Samples for Pfiesteria analysis were collected at 27
different sites in the 2000 sampling season (Figure 4-1),
while that was reduced to six stations in 2001 (Figure 4-
2). At the 27 stations sampled in 2000 there were 83
water and 8 sediment samples collected (Table 4-1). In
2001, there were 67 water and 3 sediment samples
collected (Table 4-2). For the 2000 and 2001 sampling
seasons, the samples were initially tested using Method
1 (Ml), which was not as sensitive as Method 2 (M2),
which was developed later. Samples were re-tested later
in 2001 or 2002, but testing was probably not as
effective on the year 2000 samples as it may have been
with samples collected in 2001, as they may have
degraded over time with freezing and thawing.
Both Pfiesteria spp. were present along the coast in both
years (Table 4-10, Figures 4-51, 4-52). Substantially
more positives were found using the M2 assay,
particularly in 2001 (Table 4-10). There were more
positives in 2001 than 2000, probably due to sample
degradation of the 2000 samples upon re-analysis.
Initial results from the sampling program did not take
long to find a positive result, as the first sample collected
in 2000, at Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park on the Arroyo
Colorado, was positive for P. piscicida. Method 1
detected P. piscicida in five samples, P shumwayae in 3
samples and one sample was positive for
Cryptoperidiniopsis (Table 4-10). These were all water
samples. The results of the eight sediment samples
collected revealed two positives, both P. shumwayae
(Table 4-10). Using the improved Method 2 there were
10 positive water samples (eight P. pisicicida and two P.
shumwayae). These results added six P. piscicida and
two P. shumwayae to the number of distinct positives for
Pfiesteria found in 2000. Method 2 also resulted in one
additional positive for P. piscicida in the sediment
samples (Tables 4-10, 4-11).
The results of the sampling in 2001 using Method 1
detected only 12 positives (five P. piscicida and six P.
shumwayae) in the water samples. Then using the
improved Method 2 on much fresher samples than those
of 2000, a total of 52 positives were detected (24 P.
piscicida and 26 P shumwayae). In addition, two P.
piscicida were detected in the sediment samples with
Method 2, while they were not detected using Method 1.
Looking at results of both methods combined in 2000, a
total of 21 positive results were found, 12 P piscicida
and 8 P. shumwayae and one Cryptoperidiniopsis (Table
4-11). The only stations to record more than one
positive in total were Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park (5),
Armand Bayou (3) and Dickinson Bayou (3). The
distribution of positives was spread out evenly along the
Texas coast, from a positive in Sabine Pass at the Sabine
Pass Swing Bridge to five positives in the Arroyo
Colorado, sampled at the Adolph Tomae Jr. County
Park. The two Pfiesteria species did show some
differences in regional distribution in 2000, as all eight
of the P shumwayae were located at or south of the
Lavaca Bay station, while 10 of the 12 P. piscicida were
found at or north of the Colorado River station (Table 4-
11).
In 2001, rather than looking for Pfiesteria in a
comprehensive coast-wide approach, we concentrated on
six stations, in a more intensive sampling scheme, that
was spread evenly along the Texas coast. (Table 4-12).
Results of the Method 1 and Method 2 combined
revealed a total of 59 positives, 26 for P. piscicida and
33 for P. shumwayae (Table 4-12). The greatest number
of total positives in 2001 were located at Adolph Tomae
Jr. County Park with 14, followed closely by Clear Lake
and Port Aransas Birding Center with 12 each. The
smallest number of positives at any single station for
Pfiesteria (4) was recorded at the Port Lavaca Fishing
Pier. There were no patterns or trends apparent in the
distribution of the species, as both species were
commonly found at all six of the stations (Table 4-12).
On a monthly basis, the percentage of stations positive
for Pfiesteria by Method 1, Method 2 and the two
methods combined was examined (Figure 4-53). In
2000, the largest percentage of samples were positive in
the months of May (0.50) and August (0.40). It was in
these two months that Method 2 had the greatest impact
on the number and percentage of positives (Figure 4-53).
The smallest percentage of stations positive for
Pfiesteria were recorded in July (0.07) and April (0.06)
(Figure 4-53).
In 2001, the percentage of samples positive for
Pfiesteria was much greater than in 2000 (Figure 4-54).
51
-------
The use of Method 2 had a much greater impact in 2001,
as it greatly increased the percentage of samples positive
for Pfiesteria in all months (Figure 4-54). The month of
June had the highest percentage of samples positive for
Pfiesteria at 85%. The smallest percentage of samples
positive for Pfiesteria occurred in April (0.45) and May
(0.50) (Figure 4-54).
Meteorological conditions were measured or observed at
each of the sampling locations in 2000 during most
visits. Table 4-13 and Figure 4-55 summarize the results
of these observations in relation to the presence or
absence of Pfiesteria. Results of these analyses indicate
that, in general, there were no clear relationships
between meteorological parameters and positives for
Pfiesteria. Means for air temperature (Figure 4-55a) and
wind speed (Figure 4-55c) were nearly identical. There
was significantly less cloud cover, on the average, at
stations positive for Pfiesteria (t=2.937, df=55,
p=0.005). In addition, the mean sea state at stations
positive for Pfiesteria was higher than those that were
negative, but was not significant (Figure 4-55d).
Comparisons of means for meteorological conditions at
stations positive for P. piscicida or P. shumwayae were
also examined (Table 4-13). There were significant
differences in the mean air temperature (t=3.585, df=14,
p=0.003) and the mean wind speed (t=2.344, df=14,
p=0.034) at sites positive for P. piscicida versus those
positive for P. shumwayae. The means for cloud cover
and sea state were not significantly different.
Physicochemical parameters in 2000 at sites positive or
negative for Pfiesteria show that mean water
temperature, percent saturation and Secchi depth were
greater at sites positive for all Pfiesteria, and while the
mean salinity at sites positive for Pfiesteria was less than
those sites negative for Pfiesteria (Table 4-14, Figure 4-
52). None of the six means examined were significantly
different. The mean values of physicochemical
parameters at sites positive for only P. shumwayae or P.
piscicida were also examined (Table 4-14). None of
these means were significantly different.
Chlorophyll a and nutrient results in 2000 at the sites
positive or negative for Pfiesteria indicate that mean
chlorophyll a, silicate, nitrate+nitrite and DIN
concentration was higher at sites positive for both
Pfiesteria, while mean phosphate, ammonium and DON
was lower at sites positive for Pfiesteria (Table 4-15,
Figure 4-57). None of these means were significantly
different. Means for stations positive for P. piscicida or
P shumwayae were also examined (Table 4-15).
Although differences in the means of nitrate+nitrite,
DIN, DON and TON appear to be different, none of
them were statistically significant. Only the means for
silicate at stations positive for P. piscicida or P.
shumwayae were significantly different (t=3.091, df=14,
p=0.008).
Bivariate plots of physicochemical, chlorophyll a and
nutrient parameters were constructed to explore
relationships between these parameters and sites that
were positive for Pfiesteria. The results of these plots
show very few clear relationships, either between the
two parameters, or their relationship to sites positive for
Pfiesteria (Figures 4-58 to 4-71).
A plot of dissolved oxygen versus chlorophyll a reveals
a dense clump of stations between 5 and 8 mg/L and
chlorophyll a values generally below 20 mg/L (Figure 4-
58). There appears to be a slight positive correlation
between dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a
concentration. There does not appear to be any
difference in the distribution of samples positive or
negative for Pfiesteria (Figure 4-58).
A plot of silicate versus chlorophyll a concentrations
(Figure 4-59) shows a tight cluster of points in a zone
defined by chlorophyll a concentrations between 0 and
20 ug/L and silicate concentrations between 0 and 100
ug/L. Aside from that cluster, there is much scatter in
the data, with no clear relationships apparent.
The plot of salinity versus chlorophyll a concentration
displays a pattern similar to an inverse second or third
order curve (Figure 4-60). There are very few positives
for Pfiesteria above a salinity of 20 ppt.
The plot of Secchi depth versus chlorophyll a does
suggest that Secchi depth increases as chlorophyll a
concentrations decrease (Figure 4-61), although there
does not appear to be any relationships between sites
positive or negative for Pfiesteria.
The plot of nitrate+nitrate (log 10) versus chlorophyll a
does not reveal any substantive patterns (Figure 4-62).
52
-------
A plot of phosphate (log 10) versus chlrophyll a shows a
rather dense swarm of points at chlorophyll a
concentrations below 60 ug/L and phosphate
concentrations from about 5 to 20 ug/L (Figure 4-63).
Aside from this clump, there is an increase in
chlorophyll a concentrations with an increase in
phosphate. Distribution of points positive for Pfiesteria
do not show any particular pattern
There appears to be a fairly strong relationship between
nitrate+nitrite (log 10) and phosphate (log 10)
concentrations (Figure 4-64) as they increase with each
other. There does not appear to be any difference in the
distribution of sites positive for Pfiesteria as compared
to the sites that were negative (Figure 4-64).
There appears to be a slight trend toward higher mean
nitrate+nitrite (log 10) at lower salinities, and
nitrate+nitrite is generally lower at high salinities
(Figure 4-65). The distribution of points positive for
Pfiesteria shows no particular pattern.
The plot of nitrate+nitrite (log 10) and Secchi depth are
scattered all over the landscape (Figure 4-64). The
distribution of points positive for Pfiesteria is similar.
The plot between nitrate+nitrite and silicate (log 10)
concentrations reveals a tight grouping of points, with
silicate between 0.1 and 1.0 and nitrate+nitrite between
about 10 and 100, but there are many other points
scattered over the rest of the graph (Figure 4-67). The
pattern of points positive for Pfiesteria closely follows
that of those negative for Pfiesteria.
A plot of phosphate versus silicate concentrations
reveals a slightly positive, linear relationship (Figure 4-
68) with a tight grouping of points at phosphate
concentrations between about 10 to 100 ug/L and silicate
concentrations from about 5 to 20 ug/L. There does not
appear to be any discernible relationship for points
positive for Pfiesteria.
On a plot of Secchi depth versus phosphate (log 10),
there does not appear to be any meaningful relationships
revealed (Figure 4-69).
On a plot of silicate versus salinity (Figure 4-70), the
bulk of the silicate is between 0 and 100 ug/L with most
of the points positive for Pfiesteria found at salinities
below 20 ppt. The general shape of the plot appears to
loosely follow an inverse third order cruve.
The plot of Secchi depth versus salinity indicates that
most of the Pfiesteria is found around or below a salinity
of 20 ppt, but with no relationship to Secchi depth
(Figure 4-71). In general, there is much scatter in the
plot with no discernible pattern.
Meteorological conditions in 2001, like 2000, did not
show any clear meaningful relationships (Table 4-16,
Figure 4-72a-d). Mean air temperatures and wind speed
were nearly identical for stations positive or negative for
Pfiesteria (Figure 4-72a, 4-72c). Mean cloud cover and
sea state were lower for stations positive for Pfiesteria
(Figure 4-72b, 4-72d), but none of these results were
statistically significant. Examination of meteorological
conditions at stations positive for P. piscicida or P.
shumwayae revealed no statistically significant
differences (Table 4-16).
Physicochemical conditions in 2001 for sites positive or
negative for Pfiesteria are summarized in Table 4-17 and
Figure 4-73a-d. Mean water temperature varied little
between positive or negative sites for Pfiesteria (Figure
4-73a). Mean dissolved oxygen and percent saturation
were lower for sites negative for Pfiesteria (Figure 4-
73b). The mean salinity and conductivity were higher
for all stations positive for Pfiesteria (Table 4-17 and
Figure 4-7 Ic). The mean Secchi depth was greater for
all the sites positive for Pfiesteria as compared to the
sites negative for Pfiesteria (Table 4-17, Figure 4-73d).
None of the above results were statistically significant.
Mean pH at sites positive for Pfiesteria and those
negative were identical (Table 4-17).
Results of chlorophyll a and nutrients analysis at stations
positive or negative for Pfiesteria are summarized in
Table 4-18 and Figure 4-74a-d. The mean chlorophyll a
concentration of 67.14 ug/L at stations positive for
Pfiesteria was higher than at those negative for
Pfiesteria (43.41 ug/L) (Table 4.18, Figure 4-72a).
There is also a difference in chlorophyll a concentrations
at stations positive for P shumwayae (70.56 ug/L) as
compared to those positive for P. piscicida (58.35 ug/L).
There was little difference in mean silicate
concentrations between stations positive (45.29 ug/L) or
negative (42.14 ug/L) (Table 4-18, Figure 4-72b). There
53
-------
does appear to be a significant difference, though,
between stations positive for P. shumwayae (38.32 ug/L)
as compared to those positive for P piscicida (55.18
ug/L) (Table 4.18).
The mean phosphate concentration at stations positive
for Pfiesteria was only slightly higher (11.54 ug/L) as
compared to those negative for Pfiesteria (9.12 ug/L)
(Table 4-18). Mean phosphate was higher at stations
that were positive for P. piscicida (11.43 ug/L) as
compared to P. shumwayae (8.69 ug/L) (Table 4.18).
Nitrogen facies analyzed included nitrate (NO3), nitrite
(N02), ammonia (NH4), DIN and DON (Table 4-18).
The mean DON concentration of 214.53 ug/L) at
stations positive for Pfiesteria was nearly twice what it
was at stations negative for Pfiesteria (109.84 ug/L)
(Table 4.18, Figure 7-75f). For NO3+NO2 and DIN
there was little difference between stations that were
positive or negative for Pfiesteria (Table 4-18, Figure 4-
72d-e). For all these facies, the mean value for those
stations positive for P. piscicida were greater than those
positive for P. shumwayae (Table 4-18).
Bivariate plots of several parameters were plotted with
stations positive for Pfiesteria differentiated from those
negative for Pfiesteria to examine relationships between
the parameters and if this relationship differed for those
stations negative or positive for Pfiesteria.
A plot of dissolved oxygen versus chlorophyll a
concentrations indicates a fairly strong positive linear
relationship between the two variables, although there
does not appear to be any difference between stations
negative or positive for Pfiesteria (Figure 4-75).
A plot of silicate versus chlorophyll a concentrations
again reveals a positive relationship. Stations positive
for Pfiesteria were distributed evenly with those
negative for Pfiesteria (Figure 4-76).
A plot of chlorophyll a versus salinity appears to
indicate an inverse third order relationship, with those
stations negative for Pfiesteria spread evenly with those
positive for Pfiesteria (Figure 4-77).
The plot Secchi depth versus chlorophyll a concentration
indicates a weak negative relationship between the
variables. There also are more points representing a
positive result for Pfiesteria at higher combinations of
the two variables plotted (Figure 4-78).
A plot of nitrate+nitrite (log 10) versus chlorophyll a
concetrations shows a positive relationship, with again
no apparent difference in the relationship between those
stations negative or positive for Pfiesteria (Figure 4-79).
The plot of phosphate (log 10) versus chlorophyll a
concentrations indicates a positive linear relationship
between the two variates. There does not appear to be
any difference between stations negative or positive for
Pfiesteria (Figure 4-80).
There appears to be a fairly strong relationship between
phosphate (log 10) and nitrate+nitrite (log 10)
concentrations (Figure 4-81) as they increase with each
other in a somewhat linear fashion. There does not
appear to be any difference in the distribution of sites
positive for Pfiesteria are located all along the plot
(Figure 4-81).
The plot of salinity versus nitrate+nitrite (log 10)
concentration appears to have an inverse second order
distribution (Figure 4-82). The distribution of points
positive for Pfiesteria shows no particular pattern.
The plot of Secchi depth versus nitrate+nitrite (log 10)
concentration are fairly scattered although there does
appear to a slight negative linear relationship, with
decreasing nitrate+nitrate with increasing Secchi depth
(Figure 4-83). The distribution of points positive for
Pfiesteria is similar.
The plot between nitrate+nitrite (log 10) versus silicate
concentrations reveals a generally very scattered
distribution of points (Figure 4-84). There is not any
pattern to the distribution of points positive for
Pfiesteria.
A plot of phosphate (log 10) versus silicate
concentrations reveals a slightly positive, linear
relationship (Figure 4-85). There does not appear to be
any discernible relationship for points positive for
Pfiesteria.
On a plot Secchi depth versus phosphate, there appears
to be a negative linear relationship, as phosphate
concentrations appear to decrease as Secchi depth
54
-------
increases (Figure 4-86). There does not appear to be any
apparent relationship for points positive for Pfiesteria. In the plot of Secchi depth versus salinity (Figure 4-88)
there appears to be a somewhat loose linear positive
On a plot of silicate versus salinity (Figure 4-87), there relationship. There does not appear to be any particular
is much scatter to the distribution of points, with no pattern to the points positive for Pfiesteria.
particular pattern to the distribution of points positive for
Pfiesteria.
Table 4-11. Total Number of Occurrences of Pfiesteria and Cryptoperidiniopsis Using the Two Gene Probes. Repeated Positive
Results Between the Two Methods are Included (N=number of samples, M1 =method 1, M2=method 2, nr=not reported, nd=not
done).
Year
2000
2001
2000
2001
2000
2001
N
83
66
83
66
83
66
Water Samples
Ml M2
5
5
3
6
1
nd
P. piscicida
8
24
P. shumwavae
2
27
Cryptoperidiniopsis
Nd
Nd
Sediment Samples
N Ml M2
8
3
8
3
8
3
0
0
2
1
0
Nd
1
2
0
1
Nd
Nd
55
-------
Table 4-12. Location and Number of Occurrences of Pfiesteria and Cryptoperidiniopsi in Water and Sediment Samples Collected
along the Texas Coast in 2000 Using Results from Method 1 and Method 2, Ignoring Repeated Positive Results (N=number of
samples, Numbers in parentheses are sediment samples).
Location
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Tabbs Bay
Armand Bayou
Clear Lake
Clear Creek
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 2
Moses Bayou
Moses Lake
Jamaica Beach Canal
Oyster Creek
Jones Creek
Swan Lake
Intracoastal Waterway
Caney Creek
Colorado River
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Mesquite Bay
Nueces River
Port Aransas Birding Center
Oso Creek
Oso Bay 1
Oso Bay 2
Bayview Campground
Kraatz Pier
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Total
N
7(1)
3
3
1
2
5(1)
KD
2
1
7(1)
2
1
1
2
6(1)
3
5
3
6
6
1
1
4
5
2
3(3)
83(8)
Number of
Positive Samples
1(0)
0
2
1
0
3(0)
1(0)
0
0
1(0)
0
0
0
0
0(0)
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
2(2)
16(2)
P. piscicida
1
0
2
1
0
3
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1(1)
11(1)
Species Identified
P. shumwayae Cryptoperidiniopsis
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1(2)
5(2)
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
Table 4-13. Location and Number of Occurrences of Pfiesteria and Cryptoperidiniopsi in Water and Sediment Samples Collected
along the Texas Coast in 2001 Using Results from Method 1 and Method 2, Ignoring Repeated Positive Results (N=number of
samples, Numbers in parentheses are sediment samples, nd=not done).
Location
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bayou
Caney Creek
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Aransas Birding Center
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Total
N
12
12
12
7
12
1 1 (3)
66(3)
Number of
Positive Samples
10
5
7
4
8
7(3)
41(3)
P. piscicida
2
5
4
1
6
6(2)
24(2)
Species Identified
P. shumwayae Ciyptoperdiiniopsis
10
3
5
3
6
5(1)
32(1)
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
56
-------
Armand Bayou (2)
Clear Creek (1) •«_ , ^--si
Dickinson Bayou (1) and (3)
Lavaca Bay Causeway (1)
Oso Bay (1)
Bayview Campground (1)
Arroyo City Park (4)
v>$w ;^^3^colorado River (1)
•*-i *** Port Aransas Birding Center 1)
60 0 60 120 Kilometers
120 Miles
Figure 4-51. Location of sites positive for Pfiesteria in 2000. Number in parentheses indicates the number of
positive results.
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier (4) *
Arroyo City Park (10) J&.
Port Aransas Birding Center (8)
120 Miles
Figure 4-52. Location of sites positive for Pfiesteria in 2001. Number in parentheses indicates the number of
positive results.
57
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9 Method 1
D Method 2
• Combined
Apr-00 May-00
Jun-00 Jul-00
Date
Aug-00 Sep-00
Figure 4-53. Percentage of stations by month that were found to be positive for Pfiesteria using Method 1, Method 2 and by
combination of results from both methods in 2000.
Method 1
D Method 2
• Combined
Apr-01 May-01
Jun-01 Jul-01
Date
Aug-01 Sep-01
Figure 4-54. Percentage of stations by month that were found to be positive for Pfiesteria using Method 1, Method 2 and by
combination of results from both methods in 2001.
58
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Table 4-14. Mean, Standard Deviation, Sample Size (N), Minimum and Maximum Values for Meteorological Parameters
Measured at Stations Negative and Positive for Pfiesteria, and those Positive of only P. shumwayae, and those Positive for
only P. piscicida, in 2000.
Results of PCR
Negative for Pfiesteria
Positive for all Pfiesteria
Positive for P. shumwayae
Positive for P. piscicida
Mean
Stdev
N
Min
Max
Mean
Stdev
N
Min
Max
Mean
Stdev
N
Min
Max
Mean
Stdev
N
Min
Max
Air temperature
(degrees C)
31.24
2.778
59
24.4
36.67
31.13
3.140
15
26.67
36.67
28.16
2.903
5
26.67
33.33
32.98
2.308
11
29.44
36.67
Wind speed
code
(Beaufort)
3.12
1.233
59
1
6
3.20
1.146
15
1
5
4.00
0.707
5
3
5
2.73
1.104
11
1
5
Cloud cover
code
2.82
1.585
56
1
6
2.07
0.704
15
1
3
1.80
0.837
5
1
3
2.09
0.701
11
1
3
Sea state code
(Beaufort)
1.42
1.841
57
0
6
1.64
1.906
14
0
6
2.25
1.500
4
0
3
1.64
2.111
11
0
6
59
-------
a.
b.
35
30
25
2 20
ra
15
10
Pfiesteria +
Negative
Pfiesteria +
Negative
C.
d.
3.5
3
2.5
TJ
C
5 1
0.5
Pfiesteria +
Negative
Pfiesteria -
Negative
Figure 4-55. Mean values tor meteorological parameters at sites positive and negative lor Pflcstcrui in 2000. (a) air temperature.
(h) cloud cover, (c) wind speed, (d) sea state.
60
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Table 4-15. Mean, Standard Deviation, Sample Size (N), Minimum and Maximum Values for Physicochemical Water Parameters
Measured at Stations Negative and Positive for all Pfiesteria, those Positive for only P. shumwayae, and those Positive for only P.
piscicida, in 2000.
Results of PCR
Negative for Pfiesteria
Positive for all Pfiesteria
Positive for P. shumwayae
Positive for P. piscicida
Mean
Stdev
N
Min
Max
Mean
Stdev
N
Min
Max
Mean
Stdev
N
Min
Max
Mean
Stdev
N
Min
Max
Water
Temperature
(deg C)
28.78
2.751
62
20.42
33.8
29.97
2.201
16
24.78
33
29.78
3.367
5
24.78
33
30.05
1.646
11
26.9
32.81
DO
(mg/L)
6.79
2.235
56
1.37
13.86
7.37
2.989
15
2.48
11.88
6.62
2.456
4
4.59
9.94
7.64
3.223
11
2.48
11.88
Salinity
(PPO
20.86
15.706
61.00
0.00
60.59
14.34
13.285
16
0
40.09
22.64
16.650
5.00
0.00
40.09
10.57
10.185
11.00
0.70
35.20
Conductivity
(mS/cm)
35.01
22.876
56
0.875
82.284
24.27
20.228
14
1.427
60.18
43.55
17.476
4
28.4
60.18
16.56
16.067
10
1.427
53.3
pH
8.15
0.381
52
7.13
9.35
8.25
0.654
12
7.28
9.54
8.13
0.212
2
7.98
8.28
8.28
0.717
10
7.28
9.54
Percent
Saturation
100.34
32.367
56.0
16.7
196.9
108.71
40.622
14
37.7
170.6
110.87
24.000
3.0
85.7
133.5
108.12
45.036
11.0
37.7
170.6
Secchi Disk
(cm)
44.78
22.274
53
10
100
49.73
18.148
15
20
80
47.25
9.179
4
37
58
50.64
20.796
11
20
80
61
-------
a.
b.
8
7
6
_j
.§. 5
O
•O
1 3
o
O 2
1
0
Pfiestena
Negative
Pfiestena
Negative
C.
d.
25.00
20.00
-; 15.00
Q-
10.00
5.00
0.00
60
50
?40
o
& 30
'E
o
i
tn 20
10
Pfiestena •
Negative
Pfiestena
Negative
Figure 4-5d. Moan \akics lor ph\sicuchcmic.il \\ater parameters at sites positixe and negative lor /'//CS/C/-KI in 2HOU. iai ualer
temperature, (hi dissolved oxsgcn. (c) salinitx. (di Secchi depth.
62
-------
Table 4-16. Mean, Standard Deviation, Sample Size (N), Minimum and Maximum Values for Chlorophyll a and Nutrient Parameters Measured at
Stations Negative and Positive for all Pfiesteria, those Positive for only P. shumwayae, and those Positive for only P. piscicida, in 2000.
Results of PCR
Negative for Pfiesteria
Positive for all Pfiesteria
Positive for P. shumwayae
Positive for P. piscicida
Mean
Stdev
N
Min
Max
Mean
Stdev
N
Min
Max
Mean
Stdev
N
Min
Max
Mean
Stdev
N
Min
Max
Chlorophyll a
(ug/L)
23.18
27.184
66
1.20
134.13
27.81
29.535
16
6.11
119.00
28.08
33.267
11
7.95
119.00
27.21
22.447
5
6.11
61.50
Silicate
(ug/L)
106.22
77.169
66
11.12
347.20
112.24
76.589
16
32.46
272.18
80.39
52.634
11
32.46
188.01
182.29
78.412
5
69.77
272.18
Phosphate
(ug/L)
9.37
13.621
66
0.06
80.24
7.71
7.533
16
0.13
29.41
7.79
4.687
11
1.98
15.73
7.54
12.562
5
0.13
29.41
Nitrate+Nitrite
(ug/L)
22.10
61.486
64
0.07
347.65
33.58
103.580
16
0.13
418.02
5.88
10.092
11
0.13
32.39
94.52
182.282
5
0.14
418.02
Ammonium
(ug/L)
5.07
16.311
66
0.00
126.85
1.59
3.011
16
0.06
11.04
1.20
1.948
11
0.07
5.30
2.45
4.813
5
0.06
11.04
DIN
(ug/L)
26.49
74.170
66
0.10
474.50
35.17
106.132
16
0.24
429.05
7.09
11.264
11
0.24
37.30
96.97
187.027
5
0.26
429.05
DON
(ug/L)
90.37
200.129
62
17.29
1191.16
65.76
88.174
15
18.02
376.21
37.65
11.287
10
18.02
55.26
121.98
144.906
5
31.55
376.21
TON
(ug/L)
112.91
226.975
63
18.34
1304.37
102.83
195.546
15
27.22
805.26
44.76
13.184
10
27.22
69.43
218.95
328.873
5
31.81
805.26
63
-------
a.
b.
30
25
| 20
RJ
|. 15
a
o
| 10
O
5
0
120
100
~ 80
a; 60
55 40
20
Pfiesteria +
Negative
Pfiesteria +
Negative
C.
d.
.
Q.
(0
O
Q.
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
40
35
i3°
3 25
i
I 20
| ^
z 10
5
0
Pfiesteria +
Negative
Pfiesteria +
Negative
e.
f.
40
35
30
-^ 25
^)
3. 20
z
° ,5
10
5
0
90
80
70
60
"S> 50
o 40
Q
30
20
10
0
Pfiesteria
Negative
Pfiesteria •
Negative
Figure 4-57. Mean values for chlorophyll a and nutrients at sites positive and negative for Pfiesteria in 2(100. (a).
chlorophyll a. (h) silicate, (e) phosphate, (d) nitrate+nitrite. (el dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), (f) dissolved organic
nitronen (DON).
64
-------
_J
13
03
^
CL
O
O
.c
O
1 UU
140 -
120 -
100 -
80 -
60 -
40 -
20 -
0 -
• Pfiesteria +
O Negative
•
O
O
0 •
o °o o "°
o o . o
o
0 • 0°°0 °
o c^^^cg^Po
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
Figure 4-5S. Relationship between chlorophyll a and dissolved oxygen for stations positive and negative for PflctH'rici in 2000.
_J
t
.c
CL
O
0
JZ
0
1 DU -
140 -
120 -
100 -
80 -
60 -
40 -
20 -
0 -
• Pfiesteria +
o O Negative
•
o °
0 °
o a
00° °
0
CP 0 °
(O.^^^ (^ A A ^
*%«^§ '"o °° °
100 200
Silicate (ug/L)
300
400
Kinure 4-5c'. Relationship between chlorophyll a and silicate for stations positive and neeati\c lor /'//cwcn'i/ in 2000.
65
-------
=gj
co
.c
Q.
O
0
f~
O
I UU -
140 -
120 -
100 -
80 -
60 -
40 -
20 -
0 -
• Ptiesteria +
O Negative
9
0
O
0 °
.°
o
0 0
•QcP.
0 o 0 ^°0
o* • Q^D dr rO^ cP8 o ° • ° r>. o
o
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Salinity (ppt)
Figure 4-60. Relationship between chlorophyll a and salinity for stations positive and negative for Pfiesteria in 2000.
s
CO
f~
Q.
O
O
6
1 DU -
140 -
120 -
100 -
80 -
60 -
40 -
20 -
0 -
C
• Pfiesteria +
O O Negative
•
0
0
' 0 °°0
o QOO
o " °o •• ° §
8 ° o ° ° o eo
1 1 1 1 1
20 40 60 80 100 12
Secchi Depth (cm)
Fieure 4-61. Relationship between chlorophyll a and Secchi depth for stations positive and negative for I'ficstcriti in 2000.
66
-------
^^
^
O)
CO
-C
Q.
2
_g
6
1 U
-------
1000
100 -
10 -
0)
0.1 -
0.01
• Pfiesteria +
O Negative
O
O O
)0°»
O
0
o o
CO
o ^ ^°
O ( <5>
o
o
o
o
oo
o o
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
Phosphate (ug/L)
Figure 4-64. Relationship between nitrate+nitrite and phosphate for stations positive and negative for Pfiesteria in 2000.
1000
3
CD
z
+
OJ
03
100 -
10 -
i
9
i
0.01
°0
o o
• 8
• Pfiesteria +
O Negative
00
0» 0
0 o
00 O
•o
o
o o
o
«
,
10
20 30
40
50 60
Salinity (ppt)
Figure 4-65. Relationship between nitrate+nitrite and salinity for stations positive and negative for Pfiesteria in 2000.
68
-------
100 -
Ij"
3. 10 -
•£
Nitrate+N
D
2 °
i i i
O O Negative
• Pfiesteria +
O
O O
o o • o
• o
0 Q o °
• o
o o o
0 ° 0 • 0
o o 0
0 •° o • .00
• 8 ° * °
9 ° CD 00
0 ° V °
0 0
0
20
40
60
80
100 120
Secchi Depth (cm)
Figure 4-66. Relationship between nitrate+nitritc and Secchi depth tor stations positive and negative for Pfiesieriu in 2000.
1000
cn
0)
ro
o
c7)
100 -
10 -
1 -
0.1 -
O Negative
• Pfiesteria +
o o
O
o o
00
o
.CD
O O o O
o
o
•
O °0
Q)
o
to*.
9 (3> o
o
o
0.01 —r
0
100 200
Nitrate+Nitrite (ug/L)
300
400
Figure 4-67. Relationship between silieate and nitrate+nitritc for stations positive and negative for Pjh'Mcrui in 200(1.
69
-------
CT
1000
100 -
10 -
1 -
0.1 -
0.01
O Negative
• Pfiesteria +
O
O
CD
o
o o
o o
o
o
O O
o
o
100
200
300
400
Phosphate (ug/L)
Figure 4-68. Relationship between silicate and phosphate for stations positive and negative for Pfiesteria in 2000.
1000
0>
3
OJ
re
Q.
o
Q-
100 -
10 -
1 -
0.1 -
o.c
O Negative
• Pfiesteria +
o n «
o oo
O
0
O
0
o
• o
o
0
0
20
40
60
80
100 120
Secchi Depth (cm)
Figure 4-69. Relationship between phosphate and Secchi depth for stations positive and negative for Pfu'stcria in 2000.
70
-------
uu
50 -
40 -
Q.
t 3°-
'E
15
CO 20 _
10 -
0 -
• Pfiestena +
O O Negative
0 °
O
O_ O
0° 0 °0
o
r-, (3> O
O^ ("i
o o o •
• o n
o
•° 2.°*° c9o ° o 0
0
100
200
300
400
Silicate (ug/L)
Figure 4-70. Relationship between salinity and silicate for stations positive and negative for Pfiestena in 2000.
^
Q.
O.
Ss
'E
i^:
CO
/ u -
60 -
50 -
40 -
30 -
20 -
10 -
0 -
O Pfiesteria +
O • Negative
O
0 0
(^ s~*
0
•
O 8 ° ° n
0 0
o o
o
0 R ° o
0 • ° 0 00
Q* <9 o
o • •
0 0 • 0 0
o Qn o. o • •
^ Q OO Og
o •o0
20
40 60 80
Secchi Depth (cm)
100
120
Figure 4-7I. Relationship between saliniu and Secchi depth for stations positi\e and negative for Pth"iicria in 2000.
71
-------
Table 4-17. Mean, Standard Deviation, Sample Size (N), Minimum and Maximum Values for Meteorological Parameters
Measured at Stations Negative and Positive for all Pfiesteria, those Positive for both Pfiesteria, those Positive of only P.
shumwayae, and those Positive for only P. piscicida, in 2001.
Results of PCR
Negative for Pfiesteria
Positive for all Pfiesteria
Positive for both Pfiesteria
Positive for P. shumwayae
Positive for P. piscicida
Mean
Stdev
N
Min
Max
Mean
Stdev
N
Min
Max
Mean
Stdev
N
Min
Max
Mean
Stdev
N
Min
Max
Mean
Stdev
N
Min
Max
Air temperature
(degrees C)
28.28
3.389
24
19.7
33.5
28.34
3.374
39
20.5
35
27.77
3.468
14
20.5
32.22
28.40
3.797
16
23.89
35
29.13
2.498
9
25.2
32.22
Wind speed
code
(Beaufort)
2.36
1.350
25
0
6
2.34
1.015
41
0
5
2.64
0.842
14
2
5
2.00
1.188
18
0
4
2.56
0.726
9
2
4
Cloud cover
code
3.42
2.023
26
1
6
2.90
1.655
41
1
6
3.00
1.664
14
1
6
2.44
1.542
18
1
6
3.67
1.732
9
1
6
Sea state code
(Beaufort)
1.65
1.968
23
0
6
0.88
1.431
33
0
4
1.30
1.703
10
0
4
0.50
1.095
16
0
3
1.14
1.676
7
0
4
72
-------
a.
b.
30
25
O 20
15
< 10
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
Pfieslena
Negative
Pfiesteria -
Negative
Figure 4-72. Mean values tor meteorological parameters at sites positive and negative for Pfiesteria in 2001. (a) air temperature.
(h) cloud cover, (c) wind speed, (d) sea state.
73
-------
Table 4-18. Mean, Standard Deviation, Sample Size (N), Minimum and Maximum Values for Physicochemical Water Parameters
Measured at Stations Negative and Positive for all Pfiesteria, those Positive for both Pfiesteria, those Positive for only P. shumwayae,
and those Positive for only P. piscicida, in 2000.
Results of PCR
Negative for Pfiesteria
Positive for all Pfiesteria
Positive for both Pfiesteria
Positive for P. shumwayae
Positive for P. piscicida
Mean
Stdev
N
Min
Max
Mean
Stdev
N
Min
Max
Mean
Stdev
N
Min
Max
Mean
Stdev
N
Min
Max
Mean
Stdev
N
Min
Max
Water
Temperature
(deg C)
27.57
2.531
26
21.96
31.27
28.56
3.049
41
21.91
32.95
28.62
3.410
15
22.7
32.95
27.85
3.258
17
21.91
31.79
29.81
1.445
9
27.46
31.2
DO
(mg/L)
7.55
4.184
25
2.05
19.15
6.93
2.898
40
2.53
14.4
7.92
3.086
14
4.75
14.4
6.69
2.988
17
2.53
13.34
5.82
2.097
9
3.44
10.5
Salinity
(PPt)
7.46
9.598
26
0.1
30.8
9.44
9.401
41
0.1
30.4
9.06
8.662
15
0.96
27.1
8.77
10.346
17
0.1
30.4
11.32
9.552
9
0.19
28.5
Conductivity
(mS/cm)
9.34
13.227
24
0.197
45
15.34
14.763
39
0.193
46.3
15.10
13.730
15
1.827
42.4
12.64
15.426
16
0.193
46.3
21.19
15.501
8
0.4
44.3
PH
8.36
0.810
19
7.19
10.81
8.36
0.624
34
7.19
10.37
8.65
0.732
12
7.68
10.37
8.28
0.514
14
7.19
9.11
8.06
0.497
8
7.62
9.17
Percent
Saturation
101.67
55.695
23
30.3
252.6
91.04
35.387
37
32.5
179
100.89
35.068
13
61
179
88.46
39.383
16
32.5
174
80.19
26.044
8
51.9
137.9
Secchi
Depth
(cm)
32.67
8.892
18
20
53
37.52
13.759
33
15
71
38.18
11.125
11
15
55
35.47
16.374
15
20
71
40.86
12.389
7
16
55
74
-------
a.
h.
30
25
a. 20
D
2
®
I15
10
!
I
Pfiesteria +
Negative
Pfiesteria n
Negative
d.
a 6
a
a
3
u
Negative
Negative
Figure 4-7.V Mean \ jkies Tor physicochemical \\alcr parameters at sites positi\e and negative lor
temperature, (hi dissolved o\\een. (O salinitv. id) Seechi depth.
in 200 1 . tai \\ater
75
-------
Table 4-19. Mean, Standard Deviation, Sample Size (N), Minimum and Maximum Values for Chlorophyll a and Nutrient Parameters
Measured at Stations Negative and Positive for all Pfiesteria, those Positive for both Pfiesteria, those Positive for only P. shumwayae, and
those Positive for only P. piscicida, in 2001.
Results of PCR
Negative for Pfiesteria
Positive for all Pfiesteria
Positive for both Pfiesteria
Positive for P. shumwayae
Positive for P. piscicida
Chlorophyll a
(ug/L)
Mean
Stdev
N
Min
Max
Mean
Stdev
N
Min
Max
Mean
Stdev
N
Min
Max
Mean
Stdev
N
Min
Max
Mean
Stdev
N
Min
Max
43.41
46.106
25
1.36
161.00
67.14
63.609
37
1.85
306.75
67.62
53.920
14
5.12
158.00
70.56
81.391
16
1.85
306.75
58.35
35.979
7
8.36
105.30
Silicate
(ug/L)
42.14
27.179
25
8.09
100.07
45.29
26.241
41
8.24
98.37
47.25
30.050
15
13.36
98.37
38.32
22.026
17
8.24
88.24
55.18
25.926
9
19.62
92.69
Phosphate Nitrate+Nitrite Ammonium
(ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L)
9.12
13.462
25
0.51
45.56
11.54
15.615
41
0.18
62.18
14.83
20.136
15
1.45
62.18
8.69
10.275
17
0.18
42.22
11.43
16.153
9
0.72
48.42
22.38
29.474
25
0.83
93.52
24.03
31.146
41
0.11
95.69
32.01
33.095
15
0.70
87.58
17.70
27.289
17
0.11
95.69
22.67
35.180
9
1.10
94.09
10.82
24.242
25
0.00
117.32
10.57
20.357
41
0.00
88.09
15.48
26.834
15
0.00
88.09
3.94
5.328
17
0.03
15.88
14.90
24.406
9
0.36
62.44
DIN
(ug/L)
33.20
46.850
25
0.96
191.56
34.60
46.552
41
0.14
161.90
47.49
53.664
15
1.77
161.90
21.65
28.759
17
0.14
96.02
37.57
58.852
9
1.47
146.78
DON
(ug/L)
109.84
219.636
25
9.03
869.52
214.53
341.744
41
8.82
1119.27
200.39
316.384
15
13.75
1119.27
180.75
337.036
17
11.34
1044.29
301.93
412.542
9
8.82
1014.57
TON
(ug/L)
143.04
252.358
25
18.95
972.36
249.13
372.647
41
18.40
1258.53
247.88
356.412
15
24.00
1258.53
202.39
354.692
17
19.40
1132.75
339.51
454.513
9
18.40
1035.04
76
-------
a.
b.
Pfiesteria +
Negative
Negative
c.
d.
Q. 6
Negative
Negative
e.
f.
Negative
Figure 4-74. Mean values for chlorophyll a and nutrients at sites positive and negative tor I'fh'Mcnu in 2001, (at.
chlorophyll a. (h) silicate, (c) phosphate, (d) nitrate, (e) dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), (f) dissolved organic nitrogen
(DON).
77
-------
O)
Q.
O
O
350
300 -
250 -
200 -
150 -
100 -
50 -
0 -
• Pfiesteria +
O Negative
Qi
O
o.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
Figure 4-75. Relationship between chlorophyll a and dissolved oxygen for stations positive and negative for Pfiesii'ria in 200I.
350
300 -
250 -
200 -
I 15°
o
O
100 -
50 -
0 -
• Pfiesteria +
O Negative
o
O
o
•
o
o •
o
0
100 120
20 40 60 80
Silicate (ug/L)
Figure 4-76. Relationship between chlorophyll a and silicate for stations positive and negative for I'l'icstcrin in 2001.
78
-------
Q.
O
350
300 -
250 -
200-
150 -
100-
50 -
0 -
O
• Pfiesteria +
O Negative
o
»
•
*
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Salinity (ppt)
Figure 4-77. Relationship between chlorophyll a and salinity for stations positive and negative for Pfiesteria in 2001.
1
.c
Q.
O
O
\ ou -
160 -
140 -
120 -
100 -
80 -
60 -
40 -
20 -
0 -
• Pfiesteria +
O Negative
9
t g
o •
* •
0
• o •
8 °
_ Q
o o ° • 2 •
10 20 30 40 50 60
Secchi Depth (cm)
70
80
Figure 4-78. Relationship between chlorophyll a and Secchi depth for stations positive and negative for Pftexterin in 2001.
79
-------
350
300 -
250 -
200 -
.c 150
Q_
O
50 -
0 -
• Pfiesteria +
O Negative
0.01
O
O
o _. o
. •
O
0.1
100
1000
1 10
Nitrate+Nitrite (ug/L)
Figure 4-79. Relationship between chlorophyll a and nitrate+nitrite for stations positive and negative for Pfiesteria in 2001.
350
^
">,
Q.
O
300 -
250 -
200
150 -
100 H
50 -
0 -
• Pfiesteria +
O Negative
0.1
O
O
• ° o. oo» . •
O
O
O
O
•
O
O
1 10
Phosphate (ug/L)
100
Figure 4-80. Relationship between chlorophyll a and phosphate for stations positive and negative for Pfiesterin in 2001.
80
-------
1000
100 -
en
3
Q)
ro
1 -
0.1 -
0.01
• Pfiesteria +
O Negative
O •
• O
• O
O
O O
O
O
•O •
c»
O O
0.1
1 10
Phosphate (ug/L)
100
Figure 4-81. Relationship between nitrate+nitrite and phosphate for stations positive and negative for Pfiesteria in 2001.
120
100 -
80 i
0) 60 -
Z
0) 40 -
03
20 -
0 -
• Pfiesteria +
O Negative
O
O
0>
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Salinity (ppt)
Figure 4-82. Relationship between nitrate and salinity for stations positive and negative for Pfu'stcna in 2001.
81
-------
70
60 -
50 -
^
? 40 H
o>
^ 30 -
ID
20 H
10 -
0 -
• Pfiestena +
O Negative
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
8
•
o
I
10 20 30 40 50 60
Secchi Depth (cm)
70
80
ix1 4-X.V Relationship between nitrate and Secchi depth for stations positive and negative for Pflesleriu in 2001.
120
100 -
80 -
0) 60 -
ro
o
40 -
20 -
• Pfiesteria
O Negative
o
o
* «•
0
0
0
o
O
O
0.01
0.1
1 10
Nitrate + Nitrite (ug/L)
100
1000
4-S4. Kelalionship hctuccn silicate and nitrate for stations positi\e and negative for /'//Vs/cr/i/ in 2<
82
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1 £.\J -
100 -
80 -
I?
3
0) 60 -
00
o
&
40 -
20 -
n
• Pfiesteria +
O Negative
0
•
O
O
0 •
0
9
O s^f*
• oo £*
• • ° • *o •* °*
• • ° • •
o _ ^^o
0.1
1 10
Phosphate (ug/L)
100
Figure 4-85. Relationship between silicate and phosphate for stations positive and negative for Pfiesteria in 2001.
25
O)
Q.
O
^
CL
20 -
15 -
10 -
5 -
0 -
• Pfiesteria
O Negative
I
O
• O
O
8
o
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Secchi Depth (cm)
Figure 4-86. Relationship between phosphate and Secchi depth for stations positive and negative for Pfiesteria in 2001.
83
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35
30 -
25 -
20 -
O.
Q.
ro
10 i
5 -
0 -
• Pfiesteria +
O Negative
O •
O
O
°0
O
O
°°*C%
0
—I—
20
40
60
80
100 120
Silicate (ug/L)
Figure 4-87. Relationship between salinity and silicate for stations positive and negative for Pfiesteria in 2001.
f ^
Q.
s
~
"ro
CO
oo -
30 -
25 -
20 -
15 -
10 -
5 -
0 -
Q • Pfiesteria +
O • O Negative
o
0 0
• O
A
o
• o
0 y •
• 9 o § 9 •
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Secchi Depth (cm)
Figure 4-88. Relationship between salinity and Secchi depth for stations positive and negative for Pflesti-riu in 2001.
84
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Chapter 5
Discussion
It did not take long to establish that Pfiesteria was
present on the Texas coast. The first station sampled in
2000, at the Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park on the
Arroyo Colorado, produced a positive result for
Pfiesteria piscicida. As the first sampling season
proceeded, more positive results were found, but at a
relatively low rate. By the end of the first sampling
season a total of 18 positive results out of 91 samples
(83 water and 8 sediment) for Pfiesteria had been found.
By the end of the second year, that total had climbed to
62 positives from at total of 160 samples (149 water and
11 sediment) for the two years.
Pfiesteria spp. appear to be broadly distributed members
of the coastal dinoflagellate community along the Texas
coast. Both species of Pfiesteria were present along the
entire Texas coast. The genetic test used cannot
distinguish toxic from non-toxic forms of the species.
Although one sample from a fish kill in Dickinson
Bayou tested positive for Pfiesteria, there is no ancillary
evidence to suggest Pfiesteria was responsible. Thus at
this time, we cannot state whether we have TOX-A,
TOX-B, non-inducible strains or any combination of the
above.
The Texas coast, like the North Carolina coast, has
experienced many fish kills over the past 13 years.
Between 1991 and 2000 the Texas coast experienced
160 major (> 1,000 dead fish) fish kills that killed
approximately 150 million fish (Unpublished TPWD
fish kill database). Of these 160 fish kills, 92 were the
result of low dissolved oxygen, caused by a variety of
reasons, including algal respiration. These 92 events
killed approximately 127 million fish. There were five
major kills of unknown cause that killed 1.83 million
fish. In addition, there were 8 kills due to bacteria/virus
that killed about 65,000 fish and one kill due to
brevetoxin from a red tide that killed about 5,300 fish.
As in North Carolina, many of these kills have occurred
due to unknown causes. During the same time period
there were 159 major fish kills in North Carolina, which
killed approximately 1.02 billion fish, of which
approximately 3.1 million were caused in non-Pfiesteria
related kills (Glasgow et al. 2001). Of the 159 fish kills,
80 of them were the result of Pfiesteria. Seventy-eight
of the 80 fish kills occurred in the Albemarle-Pamlico
and Nuese River estuaries (Mallin et al. 2000). With our
current knowledge of the rapidity of the Pfiesteria
predatory activity and succeeding retreat to benthic
cysts, it is understandable why the organism has
remained so elusive.
There are many striking similarities between North
Carolina and the Texas coastlines and coastal zones.
Both exhibit very shallow, drowned river valley
estuarine formations with lagoons, extensive wetlands
and a barrier island system with only a few openings to
the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico, respectively.
Both support very productive fisheries of shrimp, crabs
and finfish. Both have extensive areas of agriculture,
although there are differences in crops. Texas cropping
consists of cotton, sorghum, corn and rice, while those in
North Carolina supports tobacco and corn. But other
differences also exist. Texas supports a rather extensive
oil, gas and chemical industry, while North Carolina
does not. The Texas coast is also home to offshore oil
rigs. The Texas coastal zone also supports much open
range ranching. In addition, North Carolina is home to
millions of swine, tens of millions of turkeys and several
hundred million chickens. In the past 15 years the
swine industry has quadrupled, and has been loosely
regulated in regards to environmental regulations. The
swine and poultry operations tend to have large waste
holding lagoons that are prone to floods in the low lying
coastal plain of North Carolina (Pleasant, 2001).
85
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Consideration of the characteristics of each sampling site
takes into account the history of the site. Those in
urbanized areas are likely to have experienced the insults
of STP effluent releases, failing septic systems and
general urban NFS pollution, while sites in rural and
agricultural areas are likely to have received nutrient
inputs from agricultural NFS pollution and to a lesser
extent, failing septic systems and STP outfalls. Sites
located in isolated rural areas or wilderness areas, such
as special management areas are expected to be the most
pristine (although no area on the Texas or North
Carolina coast is pristine), thus less likely to experience
a Pfiesteria bloom.
Most of the research on the ecological conditions
supporting Pfiesteria have been aimed at establishing the
conditions that support a Pfiesteria "bloom". In short,
the basic factors necessary for a toxic Pfiesteria
outbreak, other than a healthy Pfiesteria population, are:
the presence of high density of fish prey, particularly
large schools of oily fish; poorly flushed, shallow water
that is over enriched in nutrients, warm and brackish;
and abundant phytoplankton or other prey that serve as
an alternate food source for Pfiesteria when live fish are
not detected (Burkholder and Glasgow, 1997;
Burkholder and Glasgow 2001).
The results of this study indicated that the presence of
Pfiesteria was not correlated with any of the
meteorological variables (air temperature, cloud cover,
wind speed and sea state) measured (or estimated)
during the two year study along the Texas coast. As
these factors are not likely to influence the
presence/absence of the dinoflagellate, this result is not
surprising. Laboratory and field studies in North
Carolina indicate that light levels from 0 to 300 umol
photons/m/s are conducive to Pfiesteria zoospore
production. Research on Pfiesteria induced fish kills
indicates that quiet, shallow waters with low turbulence,
gentle current or wave action are conditions necessary
for a bloom of actively toxic (TOX-A) Pfiesteria in a
fish kill event (Glasgow et al., 2001).
Salinity conditions at stations positive for Pfiesteria in
Texas in 2000 and 2001 had mean values of 14.34 and
9.44 respectively, and ranged from 0.00 to 40.9 ppt.
This compares very favorably to the optimal conditions
of 10 to 15 ppt that were found from lab and field studies
of conditions necessary for Pfiesteria zoospore "blooms"
in North Carolina (Glasgow et al., 2001). In addition, a
study of 90 fish kill events in North Carolina and 4 in the
Chesapeake Bay region, the mean salinity was 9.2 ppt,
with a range from 1 to 18 ppt (Glasgow et al., 2001).
Temperatures found at stations positive for Pfiesteria in
Texas averaged 29.97 and 25.86 in 2000 and 2001, and
ranged from 21.91 to 33.0 °C. These results compare
well to a study of lab and field conditions necessary for
Pfiesteria zoospore "blooms", that found optimal
conditions at > 26 °C, with a range of 20 to 30 °C
conducive to cell production (Glasgow et al., 2001). In a
study of 90 fish kill events in North Carolina and 4 in the
Chesapeake Bay region, the mean water temperature was
27.1 C, with a range from 18 to 33 C (Glasgow et al.,
2001).
The pH values recorded at the Texas stations positive for
Pfiesteria in 2000 and 2001 had means of 8.25 and 8.36,
and ranged from 7.19 to 10.37. These results also
compare very closely to the optimal pH of > 7.5 and
range of 6.6 to 8.6 found necessary for Pfiesteria
zoospore "blooms" in laboratory and field conditions
found in North Carolina (Glasgow et al., 2001). In a
study of 90 fish kill events in North Carolina and 4 in the
Chesapeake Bay region, the mean low pH was 6.82 and
the high mean was 8.74, with a range from 6.1 to 10.4
(Glasgow etal., 2001).
The mean dissolved oxygen at Pfiesteria monitoring
stations in Texas in 2000 and 2001 were 6.93 and 7.37
ug/L, respectively, and ranged from 2.48 to 14.4 ug/L.
In results from 90 North Carolina stations and four from
the Chesapeake Bay region that experienced Pfiesteria
blooms, the stations had a mean low dissolved oxygen of
4.9 and mean high of 9.4, and ranged from 3.8 to 10.4
ug/L (Glasgow et al., 2001).
The physicochemical conditions where Pfiesteria has
been found in North Carolina spanned essentially the
entire range found along the Texas coast during the
April through September 2000 and 2001 sampling
period. We found no evidence of preferred conditions
although we recognize that presence/absence is not a
useful indicator for biological response. Although no
"blooms' of Pfiesteria were found along the Texas coast,
the physicochemical conditions where Pfiesteria was
found are very close to those conditions where blooms
86
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have occurred along the North Carolina coast and in the
Chesapeake Bay.
The mean chlorophyll a concentrations at stations
positive for Pfiesteria in Texas in 2000 and 2001 were
27.81 and 67.14 ug/L, respectively, with a range from
1.85 to 306.75 ug/L. In a study of 90 fish kill events in
North Carolina and 4 in the Chesapeake Bay, the mean
chlorophyll a concentration was 34 ug/L, with a range of
10 to 112 ug/L. These results indicate that the
chlorophyll a concentrations in waters where Pfiesteria
was found in Texas clearly bracket the mean and are
well within the range of values found at fish kills caused
by Pfiesteria in North Carolina and the Chesapeake Bay.
The mean DIP during the Texas study in 2000 and 2001
was 7.71 ug/L (range 0.13 to 29.41 ug/L), and for DIN a
mean of 35.17 ug/L (range 0.24 to 429.05 ug/L). The
research by Burkholder and others have indicated that
the nutrient conditions present at Pfiesteria "blooms" is
» 100 ug/L for both DIP and DIN. These values are
much higher than those found along the Texas coast
during the two years of the monitoring project. A study
of 90 fish kill events in North Carolina and 4 in the
Chesapeake Bay region that were attributed to Pfiesteria
the mean DIN was 443.2 ug/L, with a range of 10 to
1,300 ug/L, while mean DIP was 335.0 ug/L with a
range of 70 to 1,200 ug/L (Glasgow et al., 2001). It is
relevant to note that the distribution of either species was
not statistically linked to any inorganic nutrient, DON or
chlorophyll concentration.
A comparison of 25 years of DUST and DIP concentration
data from the TCEQ's SWQM segments represented by
sampling stations in this study was conducted. TCEQ
Segment 2201, which had the highest mean DIN
concentration of 2,310 ug/L, was represented by Adolph
Tomae Jr. County Park in this study. This station had
higher numbers of samples positive for Pfiesteria spp.
and PLO in 2000 (4) and 2001 (10) than all other
stations except Clear Lake in 2000, which also had 10
positive results for Pfiesteria spp. and PLO. Mean DIN
concentrations in TCEQ segments with only one positive
(554 ug/L) for Pfiesteria and those negative (435 ug/L)
for Pfiesteria in 2000 were much lower. TCEQ Segment
2453, represented by the Port Lavaca Fishing Pier in
2001, had a mean DIN of 175 ug/L and the lowest
number (4) and percentage (57%) of samples positive for
Pfiesteria spp. and PLO in 2001. Mean DIP in 2000 in
three TCEQ segments with more than one positive result
for Pfiesteria spp. or PLO was 276 ug/L, while those
segments with only one positive for Pfiesteria had a
mean DIP of 253 ug/L, and those negative for Pfiesteria
had a mean DIP of 251 ug/L. In 2001, the mean historic
DIP in the two segments with the greatest number and
percentage of positives for Pfiesteria and PLO was 346
ug/L, which is greater than the 224 ug/L found in the
segments with the smallest percentages of positives for
Pfiesteria spp. and PLO.
The above comparisons indicate that nutrient
concentrations found along the Texas coast during this
study are significantly less than those found during
Pfiesteria "blooms" along the North Carolina coast and
the Chesapeake Bay. On the other hand, the mean
nutrient values for the TCEQ segments over the past 25
years that contain these stations, particularly the DIN at
several stations, is of the same magnitude found at the
"blooms" in North Carolina and the Chesapeake Bay.
Based on results in the United States and internationally,
it appears that Pfiesteria spp. are a ubiquitous part of the
dinoflagellate community. The jury is still out as to
what triggers the Pfiesteria predatory ambush attacks,
although high nutrient concentrations, substantially
higher than those typically found along the Texas coast,
are strongly implicated to be pivotal in triggering these
attacks. Although it is possible that past fish kills of
unknown cause in Texas were the result of Pfiesteria
blooms, it appears to be unlikely. As more knowledge
about Pfiesteria unfolds, cognizance of its presence will
add it as an option to be investigated in the event of a
fish kill. Should symptoms exist that would suggest
such an event, i.e. ulcerous sores on fish such as
menhaden, we need to be prepared to collect samples for
further analysis and verification.
It is incumbent upon us, to the extent possible, to prevent
our waters from duplicating the conditions that appear to
be necessary for Pfiesteria blooms to occur. So far, the
conditions on much of the Texas coast would appear to
preclude such an event at present. Yet, as our population
continues to grow on the Texas coast, we must be ever
vigilant to the possibility of such conditions developing
in the future. The vast numbers of fish killed in North
Carolina as a result of these organisms and the potential
for known health problems and negative impacts on
local economies make it prudent that we be aware of the
87
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potential devastation that the Pfiesteria species can
cause.
88
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Chapter 6
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Kimble, T. G. Littleton, J. H. McGowen, H. S. Nance,
K.E. Schmedes et al., Submerged Lands of Texas,
Corpus Christi Area: Sediments, Geochemistry,
Benthic Macroinvertebrates, and Associated Wetlands,
154 p. (1983).
White, W.A., T. R. Calnan, R. A. Morton, R. S.
Kimble, T. G. Littleton, J. H. McGowen, H. S. Nance,
K.E. Schmedes et al., Submerged Lands of Texas,
Galveston-Houston Area: Sediments, Geochemistry,
Benthic Macroinvertebrates, and Associated Wetlands,
145 p. (1985).
White, W.A., T. R. Calnan, R. A. Morton, R. S.
Kimble, T. G. Littleton, J. H. McGowen, H. S. Nance,
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K.E. Schmedes et al., Submerged Lands of Texas, Whitehead, J.C., T.C. Haab & G.R. Parsons, Economic
Brownsville-Harlingen Area: Sediments, effects of Pfiesteria. Ocean & Coastal Management,
Geochemistry, Benthic Macroinvertebrates, and 46, 845-858 (2003).
Associated Wetlands, 138 p. (1986).
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Appendices
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Appendix A
Site Descriptions
This Appendix contains color-infrared Landsat images of all the Pfiesteria sampling stations for
2000 and 2001. Other identifying landmarks such as bays, towns and cities are annotated on each
image. For many of the sites there are also ground photographs taken of the sampling site, and
views upstream and downstream from the site. These aerial and ground images of the sites give a
sense of place to the written descriptions and may help in the human interpretation of the data as
to why Pfiesteria did or did not occur in a particular location.
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Sabine Lake
Sabine Lake is at the confluence of the Sabine and Neches rivers on the border between Louisiana and Texas.
In addition to the rivers, the lake has a number of wide bayous (lowing into it. Sabine Lake has a 8.1
kilometer long tidal inlet, known as Sabine Pass, that connects the lake to the Gulf of Mexico. The Waterway
connects an industrial complex of four ports (Port Arthur, Beaumont, Orange, and Sabine Pass) to the Gulf of
Mexico, and along with canal systems, supplies water to municipal and industrial customers including
petrochemical plants, a pulp and paper mill, a steel plant, and an electrical generating station (SRA, 2002).
Water is also supplied for the purpose of rice irrigation, crawfish and catfish farming (SRA. 2002). The
Sabine estuary has been made more saline by human actions, primarily by changes both upstream and at the
mouth of the tidal lake (CRCL. 1999).
In 2001, data analyses by the Sabine River Authority (SRA) indicated water quality problems in three
subwatersheds (Adams. Cow, and Little Cypress bayous) on the lower Sabine River. Impairments included
low dissolved oxygen levels, high fecal coliforms, and high nutrients (TEP, 1998). Studies indicated the
impairments were due to both point and non-point sources (SRA. 2000).
The Pfiesteria sampling was performed from a boat in Sabine Pass near the Sabine Pass Swing Bridge just
below the confluence with Sabine Lake on the west side of the channel in 1.3 meters of water (Figures A-1.
A-2. A-3).
Figure A-1. Color infra-red Landsat image showing the location of the Sahine Pass Swing Bridge Pfiesteria sampling
location.
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Figure A-2. View to the west from the location of the Sabine Pass Swing Bridge Pfiesteria sampling location.
Figure A.3. View to the south from the location of the Sabine Pass Swing Bridge Pfiesteria sampling location.
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Tabbs Bay
Tahhs Bay is located al the northern end of the Galveston Bay estuary system, and receives water from the
Houston Ship Channel. Along its length, the Houston Ship Channel receives treated wastewater from many
industrial sites as well as nonpoint-source runoff from parts of metropolitan Houston. The San Jacinto River
joins the Houston Ship Channel fifteen miles upstream from the point where the Houston Ship Channel
empties into Tahbs Bay. Tahhs Bay and the San Jacinto State Park, which is just upstream of Tahhs Bay,
hoth have many points of public access and support both recreational and subsistence fishing activities (Ward,
2001). In addition, the cities of Baytown and La Porte and their surrounding suburbs flank Tabhs Bay to the
north and south. In 1990 the Texas Department of Health issued a consumption advisory for the Houston
Ship Channel, the San Jacinto River and Tabbs Bay due to contamination of catfish and blue crabs with
dioxins (Seafood Safety Division, 2001).
The Pfiesteria sampling was conducted from a boat in Tabhs Bay (Figure A-4)
Figure A-4. Color infra-red Landsat image showing the location of the Tahhs Bay Pfiesteria sampling station.
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Armand Bayou,
Armand Bayou is a coastal tributary of Clear Lake, a secondary bay in the Galveston Bay system in southern
Harris County. The bayou consists of a tidal reach and a non-tidal reach with the tidal reach extending 12.9
kilometers north of Clear Lake. The bayou, which is also one of only four Texas coastal preserves, covers
121 hectares. Armand Bayou is one of the only bayous in the area not channelized in the tidal reach. The
bayou flows over a muddy substrate within the San Jacinto-Brazos Coastal Basin. The depth of the bayou
varies but is mostly very shallow with a mean width of 12.2 meters. The flow of Armand Bayou also varies
with rain and tides. The upper reaches of Armand Bayou are highly urbanized with residential and some
urbanized developments. The bayou also has a history of depressed oxygen levels and high level of fecal
coliform bacteria and it appeared on the Texas 1998 303(d) list for pathogens and several toxic organics,
including dichloroethane, trichloroethane, carbon disulfide and chlordane (TEP, 1998). The area has lost
several marshes due to groundwater pumping causing subsidence. The bayou is rich in plant and animal life
and is used by canoeists, kayakers, boaters, fishermen, birdwatchers, with a minimal amount of logging, and
hay cutting occurring. The bayou serves as a nursery area for speckled trout, flounder, redfish, and shellfish.
The Pflesteria sampling was performed from a pier at the Armand Bayou Nature Center Figures A-5, A-6, A-
7).
Clear Creek
Clear Creek rises a mile west of the Blue Ridge oil field in the northeast corner of Fort Bend County (TSHS,
2002). Clear creek is a tidally influenced bayou that meanders 75.6 through Fort Bend, Brazoria , Harris and
Galveston Counties before emptying into Clear Lake (American Rivers, 2000). It drains a 411,182 hectare
watershed that contains flat to rolling terrain, surfaced by sandy and clay loam that supports mixed
hardwoods and pines. Its floodplain is largely undeveloped, featuring green ash and towering oak trees. The
creek and its floodplain support a wide variety of wildlife including wood ducks, spotted sandpipers, osprey,
roseate spoonbills, more than fifty species of fish, including redfish and flounder, and three species of shrimp.
Clear Creek is a vitally important and valuable watershed. Many of the species that spawn and feed in the
watershed are important to the commercial fishing industry, and the area is a popular ecotourism and
recreation destination. Unfortunately, human impacts including urban development, dredge and fill activities
have degraded vital watershed habitats and water resources.
The Pfiesteria sampling was conducted from the Route 3 bridge that crosses over Clear Creek (Figures A-5,
A-8, A-9, A-10, A-ll)
Clear Lake
Clear Lake, which empties into Galveston Bay, supports twenty-one marinas and has the largest number of
recreational boats on the Texas coast. Recreational fishers use approximately 6,000 boat slips on the lake.
Several major boat refurbishment businesses are located on the shores of Clear Lake (Ward 2001). Clear
Lake is the receiving body for Clear Creek, Aramand Bayou and Taylor Bayou/Taylor Lake, all of which
drain watersheds that have moderate to heavily developed suburban and associated commercial
developments.
The Pfiesteria sampling was conducted from a pier located in a park on Clear Lake (Figures A-5, A-12, A-13)
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Figure A-5. Color infra-red Landsat image showing the location of the Armand Bayou. Clear Lake and Clear Creek
Pficxtcrin sampling locations.
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Figure A-6. View upstream from the location of the Armand Bayou Pfiesteria sampling location.
Figure A-7. View downstream from the location of the Armand Bayou Pfiesteria sampling location.
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Figure A-8. View upstream to the NW of an industrial site from the location of the Clear Creek Pfiesteria sampling
location.
Figure A-9. View upstream to the SW from the location of the Clear Creek Pfiesteria sampling location.
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Figure A-10. View upstream to the SE from the location of the Clear Creek Pfiesteria sampling location.
Figure A-11. View downstream from the location of the Clear Creek Pfiesteria sampling location.
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Figure A-12. View to the west from the location of the Clear Lake Pfiesteria sampling location.
Figure A-13. View to the east from the location of the Clear Lake Pfiestcriu sampling location.
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Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou is located in the northeastern portion of Galveston County in the San Jacinto-Bra/os
Coastal Basins. The Bayou originates near Alvin flowing east for 36 kilometers through Dickinson and
eventually into Dickinson Bay. The topography of the Dickinson Bayou area consists of flat coastal plains
with sandy loam and clay soils. Dickinson Bayou contains a tidal portion and a non-tidal portion. The non-
tidal segment is a small coastal prairie stream. The tidal portion is narrow and heavily forested in the upper
reach while the lower reach is wide and deep. The bottom of Dickinson Bayou consists of sandy substrate in
the upper portion while the lower portion consists mostly of silty clays. The depth of Dickinson Bayou
ranges from 0.8 to 3.5 m while the width ranges from 12.7 to 840 m. Flow of the non-tidal section of the
bayou is comprised of wastewater return flow and runoff from the watershed above. Several types of
agriculture exist within the Dickinson Bayou watershed including cattle, soybean, rice, and sorghum
production. Oil and gas production facilities are also scattered throughout the watershed. Several permitted
facilities discharge into Dickinson Bayou consisting mostly of municipal facilities. It appeared on the Texas
1998 303(d) list I'or organic enrichment, low dissolved oxygen and pathogens (TEP, 1998). Salinity in the
tidal portion of the bay is relatively low ranging from 1-5 ppt in the upper water column. The tidal section of
the bayou is used by local residents for recreational boating, fishing, water skiing, canoeing, and other
activities. The tidal section is also used for shrimping and barge traffic.
The Dickinson Bayou I Pfiesteria sampling site was located on a small pier just upstream of the Route 3
bridge crossing over Dickinson Bayou (Figures A-14, A-15, A-16). This site has a history of depressed
oxygen levels and fish kills.
The Dickinson Bayou 2 Pfiesteria sampling site was located on the Cemetary Road bridge crossing over
Dickinson Bayou (Figures A-14, A-17, A-18). A fish kill was in progress at this site at the time the Pfiesterici
sample was collected.
Figure A-14. Color infra-red Lundsat image shoeing the location of the Dickinson Bayou I and 2 P/lcuc'riii sampling
locations.
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Figure A-15. View upstream from Dickinson Bayou 1 Pfiesteria sampling station.
Ficure A-16. View downstream from Dickinson Bayou I I'tlcMcrui sampling station.
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Figure A-17. View upstream from the Dickinson Bayou 2 Pflesteria sampling station.
.\%z 08©**^
Ficure A-18. View downstream from the Dickinson Bayou 2 Pfiestcria sampling station.
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Moses Bayou and Moses Lake
Moses Bayou is located south of the city of Dickinson in the eastern portion of Galveston County in the San
Jacinto-Brazos Coastal Basin. The Bayou originates in the central part of the county and flows east 3.2
kilometers into Moses Lake, an arm of Galveston Bay (TPWD, 1998). The bayou is tidal in nature and is
channeled in its middle reaches. The bayou is relatively shallow outside of its channel and the substrate of
the bayou consists mostly of silty clays. The surrounding area consists of flat to rolling coastal prairie
surfaced by dark, commonly calcareous clay that supports mesquite, grasses, and some cacti (TSHA, 2002a).
The lake, which is two miles wide and four miles long, has a narrow opening that allows it to drain into
Galveston Bay at Miller Point. In 1974 an 3.4 meter-deep channel was dredged from Moses Bayou to Miller
Point to accommodate a shrimp fleet that harbors there (TSHA, 2002b). Moses Lake is a mile from the
Gillock South oilfield and has producing oil wells and storage tanks along the shoreline. Most of the lake is
surrounded by marsh. The mean low-tide lake level is between one and three feet, however, during heavy
rainstorms the lake used to crest at 1.5 meters. To reduce flooding from an increase in the lake level, an 2.4
meter levee on the south end of Moses Lake was installed by the city with ponding areas and Archimedes
screw pumps behind it. The pumps control the lake level and lift storm waters from the city a maximum of
3.4 meters over levees into Moses Lake (TSHA, 2002b). The bayou and lake are bordered to the south by
The Nature Conservancy of Texas' Texas City Prairie Preserve, which features rare coastal prairie habitat and
is one of the last two or three remaining sites supporting a population of the federally endangered Attwater's
Prairie chicken. The Bayou Golf Club golf course borders the upper reaches of the bayou to the south and
domestic and industrial wastewater outfalls are located upstream of Moses Lake.
The Moses Lake Pfiesteria sampling was performed in the upper reaches of Moses Lake on the south side of
the channel in 1.0 meter of water (Figure A-19).
The Moses Bayou Pfiesteria sampling was performed from the railroad trestle that crosses the bayou just
upstream of the Route 146 bridge (Figures A-19. A-20, A-21)
Figure A-19. Color infra-red Landsut image showing the location of the Moses Lake and Moses Bayou Pflcsicna
sampling locations.
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Figure A-20. View upstream from the location of the Moses Bayou Pflcsteria sampling location.
Figure A-21. View downstream from the location ol the Moses Bayou Pfivdcria sampling location.
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Jamaica Beach
Jamaica Beach is a small town located on the West Bay side ot'Galveston Island in Galveston County. The
town consists mostly of a canal subdivision on the cast side of West Bay. West Bay is located on the
landward side ot'Galveston Island and receives runoff from Chocolate Bay and Mustang Bayous and other
local streams. San Luis Pass is the nearest cut from West Bay to the Gulf of Mexico at the west end with
Bolivar Pass located at the east end of the hay. West Bay contains a high oyster population and also serves as
a huge resource for recreational and commercial fisherman. The canal subdivision has a history of fish kills
due to low dissolved oxygen in the water column. Low dissolved oxygen usually occurs during the summer
due to high water temperature and low flow. Fish kills usually consist of small menhaden with little to no
mortality to game fish such as red drum or spotted scatrout. No vegetation exists in the canals while the
shoreline contains bulkhead along a majority of the shoreline. The area is not impacted from industry
discharge but is highly impacted by reduced flow due to the ma/e-like nature of the canal subdivision.
The Pflesteria samples were taken from a small pier adjacent to a boat ramp along the canals in
approximately 1.0 meter of water with single residence homes located on each side of the canal (Figures A-
22. A-23, A-24).
Figure A-22. Color infra-red Landsat image showing the location of the Jamaica Beach Pfiestcrici sampling location.
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Figure A-23. View from the location of the Jamaica Beach Pfiesteria sampling location.
Figure A-24. View from the location of the Jamaica Beach Pfiesienci sampling location.
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Freeport North (Oyster Creek and Swan Lake)
Oyster Creek contains a tidal portion and a non-tidal portion. The tidal portion of Oyster Creek extends for
approximately 33.5 kilometers from the confluence with the Intracoastal Waterway (ICWW) in Brazoria
County to a point 100 meters upstream of FM 2004 in Brazoria County. The shoreline consists of emergent
marsh consisting mostly of Spartina alterniflora. Several permitted discharges exist upstream of the site
which consist of domestic and industrial facilities. The non-tidal portion of Oyster Creek has been impacted
by dams, canals, and several residential developments, as evidenced by a history offish kills due to the
reduced flow.
Pfiesteria samples were taken in Swan Lake (Figure A-25) near the confluence of Oyster Creek and along
Oyster Creek, several miles upstream from its confluence with the ICWW (Figures A-25, A-26, A-27).
Freeport South (ICWW and Jones Creek)
The Intracoastal Waterway (ICWW) is a dedged navigation channel that runs the length of the Texas coast. It
is generally about 5 meters deep, usually much deeper than the neighboring bays and estuaries. The ICWW
undergoes maintenance dredging in order to sustain barge traffic. Circulation is high due to the nearby
Brazos River draining into the Gulf of Mexico. The area has been altered by maintenance dredging, locks,
and boat traffic consisting of barges and recreational boats. The shoreline of the ICWW in this area is mostly
marsh and prairie land.
Pfiesteria samples were taken at the edge of the ICWW adjacent to the confluence of Jones Creek (Figure A-
25, A-28, A-29).
Jones Creek runs through the Peach Point Wildlife Management Area (WMA) and was once a tributary to
the San Bernard until construction of the ICWW altered its path (Norris and Linam, 1999). Soils are
primarily clays ranging from saline to non-saline. The creek is surrounded by bottomland hardwood forest in
the north and coastal marsh and prairie land in the south. Elevation is generally 1.5 meters or less above
mean sea level, with a few areas 3.0 meters or more above sea level.
Pfiesteria samples were collected from Jones Creek in the Peach Point WMA (Figure A-25).
Ill
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Oyster Creek
Jones Creek
Inter Coastal Waterway
Gun of Mexico
Figure A-25. Color infra-red Lundsat image showing the location of the Oyster Creek. Swan Lake, Jones Creek and
ICWW f'fh'.stfi'Ui sampling stations.
12
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Figure A-26. View from the location of the Oyster Creek Pfiexteria sampling station.
Figure A-27. View from the location of the Oyster Creek Pfiesteria sampling station.
13
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Figure A-28. View to the WSW from the location of the ICWW /'fiestrrid sampling station.
Fiiiure A-2L<. View to the ENE from the location of the ICWW I'ficMcriu sampling station.
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Caney Creek
Caney Creek meanders through agricultural and rural land in Wharton and Matagorda Counties until its
confluence with the ICWW and East Matagorda Bay. In Matagorda County, Caney Creek provides water for
livestock, irrigation and recreation. The landscape in this region consists of broad, extensive, nearly level
Hood plains. Soils in the area of the coastal plain are poorly drained, nearly level, clayey saline soils. The
natural vegetation consists of salt-tolerant prairie grasses and sedges. Currently all of this area is used as
pasture, hayland or rangeland. The deep surface soils are underlain by clayey and loamy sediments. This
area is not suited to cropland because of the high salinity and wetness. It is best suited to rangeland. pasture
and wildlife habitat. The soil is poorly suited to most urban and recreational uses because of wetness, the
high shrink-swell potential, excess sodium, clayey texture, corrosivity and ha/.ard of Hooding (Hyde, 2001).
The Pfiesteria sampling was conducted from a boat a short distance upstream from the confluence with East
Matagorda Bay. The site is located near shore-side development (Figures A-30, A-31, A-32).
Figure A-30. Color infra-red Lundsut image showing the location of the Caney Creek Pfiesterici sampling location.
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Figure A-31. View from the location of the Caney Creek Pfiesteria sampling location.
Figure A-32. View from the location of the Caney Creek Pflesteria sampling location.
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Colorado River
The Colorado River begins in Dawson County near the Texas/New Mexico border and flows southeast
approximately 956.6 kilometers to Matagorda Bay. Below the City of Austin, flow of the river is controlled
exclusively by the series of Highland Lakes located upstream. The banks of the Colorado River gradually
steepen and the flood plain deepens as the river moves downstream. The lower Colorado River is a slow,
meandering river that is wide and deep with heavy vegetation and numerous sandbars along its banks (Belisle
and Josselet, 1974). Freshwater inflows from the Colorado River help to support a productive estuarine
community in the Matagorda Bay system.
Egret Island and the extended banks of the Colorado River that connect the mainland to Matagorda Peninsula
and separate Matagorda Bay from East Matagorda Bay form an isthmus at the north end of the bay.
Several major fish kills have occurred within this lower river segment in recent years and the old river
channel has a history of low dissolved oxygen levels (LCRA, 2002). In August 1995, several million
menhaden also died along this portion of the river.
The Pftesteria sampling was performed from a boat just north of the location of the abovementioned fish kill.
This is just upstream from the confluence with the GIWW in approximately 3 meters of water (Figure A-33).
Figure A-33. Color infra-red Landsat image showing the location of the Colorado River Pftesteria sampling station.
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Lavaca Bay
Matagorda Bay is a major hay on the Texas coast with several smaller hays that open into it, including Tres
Palacios Bay, Turtle Bay, Carancahua Bay, Keller Bay, Cox Bay, and Lavaca Bay (TSHS, 2002). The bay is
also crossed by the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway (GIWW) and several ship channels to Palacios, Port
O'Connor, and Port Lavaca, all of which have spoil banks alongside. The only entry to Matagorda Bay from
the Gulf is through Cavallo Pass at the southern end of the Matagorda Peninsula, or the Matagorda Ship
Channel.
Lavaca Bay is a micro-tidal estuary. Lavaca Bay was contaminated with mercury (Hg) from aluminum
refining and chlor-alkali production during the late 1960's. Since 1988, a large portion of the bay has been
closed to recreational and commercial shellfish and finfish harvesting because of elevated levels of Hg in
tissues of a number of species collected in the area (Howard, 1999). Bay bottoms consist of muddy clays,
shell hash and oyster reefs. The bay is currently listed on the Texas 303(d) list for mercury contamination.
low dissolved oxygen and pathogens (Furnans et al., 2002)
Pfiesteria samples were collected along the north side of the causeway in 2000, just to the east of the ship
channel that passes under the causeway. This has also been the location of a historic TWDB datasonde
monitoring location (Figure A-34).
In 2001 Pfiesteria samples were collected from the Port Lavaca Fishing Pier, at approximately piling number
63. This portion of the pier no longer exists, having fallen victim to a fire in 2003 (Figures A-34, A-35, A-
36).
Figure A-34. Color infra-red Landsat image showing the location of the Lavaca Bay Pfiesteria sampling stations.
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Figure A-35. View from the Port Lavaca Fishing Pier Pfiesteria sampling station.
Figure A-36. View of the Port Lavaca Fishing Pier Pfiesteria sampling station.
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Mesquite Bay
Mesquite Bay is an embayment of the Aransas Bay system. This hay is approximately 62 to 71 square
kilometers in surface area (CBBEP-21. 1997). It is hounded on the west hy several islands and the
Intracoastal Waterway, Matagorda Island on the east, Carlos Bay on the south, and Ayres Bay on the north.
There are no industrial, municipal or agricultural operations discharging directly to this body of water. The
southeastern edge of the bay leads to the only single pass (Cedar Bayou Pass) along the Texas coast between
Pass Cavallo, Calhoun County and the Corpus Christi Channel at Port Aransas. Nueces County. An oilfield
and gas access channel was dredged over 20 years ago between Bludworth Island and Ayres Island and runs
south-south east towards Matagorda Island.
Mesquite Bay is relatively shallow similar to one of eight minor bays in the area. It is less than 2.4 meters
deep and varies from turbid to clear depending on wind weather. Seagrasses occur along the fringe shoreline
that varies from 30 to 300 meters wide. Oysters reefs and shell hash occur in the bay. The oyster fishery is
the second most important commercial fishery in the area next to the shrimp industry (U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers, 1995).
The Pfiesteria samples were collected adjacent to a channel marker and piling about a 0.8 kilometers south-
south east from the entrance to the bay from the Intracoastal Waterway (Figure A-37).
Figure A-37. Color infra-red Landsat image showing the location of the Mesquite Bay Pfiesteria sampling station.
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Port Aransas Birding Center
The Port Aransas sewage treatment plant marsh is located on the southwest side of the town of Port Aransas.
Texas. The plant discharges secondary treated sewage into a large saltmarsh area on the west side of
Mustang Island. The discharge flows through a narrow channel into a broad, shallow area accessible hy a
boardwalk. The site is shallow (<0.5 m deep) and has extensive emergent plant growth. The bottom is
generally soft silt and mud. The Port Aransas Birding Center is located here and extensive waterfowl
populations are found here year round. This site was chosen because of the high organic loading found here.
the soft mud bottom and shallow water.
The Pfiesteria samples were collected from the boardwalk that extends out into the marsh (Figures A-38. A-
39).
Figure A-38. Color infra-red Landsat image showing the locution of the Port Aransas Birding Center Pfiesteria sampling
station.
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Figure A-39. View of the Pfiesteria sampling station at the Port Aransas Birding Center.
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Nueces River
The study area is located in the lower portion of the Nueces River basin. This 97 kilometer corridor adjacent
to the Gulf coast is the coastal prairie. Much of this land is under cultivation, including feed crops, sorghum,
flax, cotton and vegetables. In addition, oil production and refining operations have led to significant
industrial development. Soils in this area are clayey and loamy deltaic sediments, while relief is level to
nearly level. Vegetation outside of agricultural areas is typically tall grasses, oak motts (US DOI 1983) and
mesquite. There is a moderate amount of suburban development along the south bank of the Nuceces River
adjacent to the study area. The north shore of the river is bordered by the marshes and pasture land of the
Rincon Delta.
The Pfie.steria samples were collected from a small boat, a few hundred meters downstream of the Allison
STP outfall, and just upstream of the Union Pacific railroad bridge over the Nueces River (Figures A-40. A-
41.A-42).
Figure A-40. Color infra-red Landsat image showing the location of the Nueces River Pfiesteria sampling location.
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Figure A-41. View of the Allison STPjust upstream from the location of the Nueces River Pflesterici sampling
location.
Figure A-42. View from upstream of the location of the Nueces River Pflesterici sampling location.
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Oso Bay
Cayo del Oso, or Oso Bay, is the estuary of Oso Creek. Oso Creek has a watershed of approximately 59,580
heactares and has only intermittent flow (Hildebrand and King, 1974, 1975, 1976). On its northern boundary,
Oso Bay connects to Corpus Christi Bay. Because of its shallow depth and sediments composed primarily of
silt clays or clay, it is easily stirred by the slightest wind resulting in very turbid waters, and hence the name
of 'Mud Bridge' as known and recognized by the local population (Hildebrand et al. 1973).
While covering about 2,023 surface hectares, large portions of the Oso are very shallow, inundated only with
several inches of water. Two major upstream sources of flow to the Oso from the sampling station include
return flows from the Central Power and Light Power Plant cooling ponds (about 1.4 kilometers upstream),
and the Greenwood Street Wastewater Treatment Plant (about 20.6 upstream). The bay is hydrologically
driven by daily and seasonal tides, stream flow from Oso Creek, and warm water discharge from the Barney
Davis Power Plant (CCBNEP, 1997). The bay may also be minimally influenced by the Oso Wastewater
Treatment Plant which discharges near the Blind Oso, a wind tidal flat just west of Ward Island. The
discharge from this plant is downstream and north west about 10.4 km.
Extensive intertidal wetlands along Oso Creek adjacent to Mud Bridge are important feeding and roosting
sites for migratory and resident shorebirds. Warm waters discharging from the Barney Davis Power Plant
Facility tend to attract fishermen who drive onto the exposed flats to reach prime fishing areas. Vehicular
traffic across the intertidal flats has decreased vegetation cover and caused surface erosion. This has also led
to occasional dumping of trash in the area (CCBNEP, 1997).
The Oso Bay 1 Pfiesteria samples were collected from the Ocean Drive bridge over the mouth of Oso Bay
(Figures A-43, A-44, A-45).
The Oso Bay 2 Pfiesteria samples were collected from Mud Bridge, which is the Yorktown Rd, bridge over
the upper reaches of Oso Bay (Figures (A-43, A-46, A-47).
The Oso Creek Pfiesteria sampling site was located at the Staples Road bridge (Figures A-43, A-48, A-49).
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Figure A-43. Color infra-red Landsut image showing the location of the Oso Creek and Oso Bay 1 and 2
sampling stations.
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Figure A-44. View to the west from the location of the Oso Bay 1 Pfiesteria sampling station. TAMU-CC campus is in
the mid to right background.
Figure A-45. View to the SSW from the location of the Oso Bay 1 Pfiesteria sampling station.
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Figure A-46. View to the NW from the location of the Oso Bay 2 Pfiesteria sampling station.
Figure A-47. View to the SE from the location of the Oso Bay 2 Pfh'sti'ria sampling station.
i28
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Figure A-48. View upstream to the NW from the location of the Oso Creek Pficsieria sampling station.
Figure A-41'. View downstream to the SE from ihe location of the Oso Creek Plu'^icrui sampling station.
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Baffin Bay (Bayview Campground and Kraatz Pier)
Baffin Bay covers approximately 22,015 to 24,605 hectares of surface area (Tunnel et al., 2002). In addition
to the main bay, there are three smaller bays joining at the west end. The Cayo del Grullo arm extends
northwest while Laguna Salada extends westward. The third arm is Alazan Bay, east of Cayo del Grullo, and
extends north from the main body. It is nearest to the mouth of Baffin Bay before it connects to the Upper
Laguna Madre.
The main freshwater inflows to this area include the following: Los Olmos Creek drains into the Laguna
Salada. This area is primarily characterized by agriculture and ranching operations. The Cayo del Grullo arm
receives flow from the San Fernando, Santa Gertrudis and Jaboncillos Creeks. Flows into one of these creeks
are primarily a result of effluent discharges from Kingsville and Alice, and from Celanese Chemical plant
near Bishop. These creeks are also surrounded by large agricultural or farming operations along their course
to the bay. The main drainage to the third arm of Baffin Bay, Alazan Bay, is Petronila Creek and is also
primarily influenced by agricultural and framing operations; the flow for this creek is intermittent. However,
until oil field brine disposal was curtailed and stopped in the early 1990's, Petronila Creek was highly
contaminated from numerous discharges from oil/salt water separators.
Except for the municipal discharges which enter Cayo del Grullo, freshwater inflows into Baffin Bay are
lacking. Consequently, hypersaline conditions (reported as high as 80 ppt or higher in the past) are common
in Baffin Bay (CCBNEP, 1996). Baffin Bay is also characterized by high turbidity and silty, clay bottoms.
Seagrasses occur primarily along portions of the protected southern shoreline along the King Ranch and near
the mouth of the Upper Laguna Madre.
The Bayview Campground Pfiesteria sampling site is located on a pier at the campground (Figures A-50, A-
51.A-52).
The Kraatz Pier Pfiesteria sampling site is located at the end of a 15 meter pier on the eastern shoreline of
Riveria Beach. This site sits at the juncture or split between two of three arms of Baffin Bay and the main
bay (Figures A-53, A-54).
130
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Figure A-50. Color infra-red Landsat image showing the location of the Bayview Campground and Kraatz Pier Pfiesteriti
sampling stations.
131
-------
Figure A-51. View to the east of the location of the Bayview Campground Pftesteria sampling station.
Figure A-52. View to the west from the location of the Bayview Campground Pfiesteriu sampling station.
132
-------
Figure A-53. View to the west from the location of the Kraatz Pier Pfiesteria sampling station.
U
Figure A-54. View to the west from the location of the Kraatz Pier Pfiesteria sampling station.
133
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Arroyo Colorado
The Arroyo Colorado extends from Mission in Hidalgo County to the Laguna Madre in Cameron County. It
serves as a floodway for overflow from the Rio Grande, inland waterway, and a recreation resource for
boating and fishing. The tidal segment extends 42 kilometers from the confluence with the Laguna Madre in
Cameron/Willacy County. The tidal reach is dredged to a depth of 5 meters to accommodate barge traffic to
the Port of Harlingen. Perennial flow is maintained by domestic wastewater discharges (most municipalities
along the above tidal portion reach discharge their treated effluent into the Arroyo Colorado), supplemented
by irrigation return flow, a major activity along the course of the stream, and urban runoff on a seasonal basis.
Frequent fish kills, and poor water quality and contaminant concerns have been documented on the Arroyo
Colorado for at least the last 30 years. The entire Arroyo has been designated as an impaired water body and
a Total Maximum Daily Loading (TMDL) water body by the TCEQ - the upper segment for depressed
dissolved oxygen levels, and the tidal portion for chlordane, toxaphene and DDE levels in sediments. The
Texas Department of Health issued a fish consumption closure for the upper tidal segment, and a fish
consumption advisory for the tidal segment in the 1980's which continue today.
Discharges during the 1980's and the mid-1990's from aquaculture facilities in the Arroyo City area were the
source of significant sediment and nutrient loading (TPWD internal reports). Frequent fish kills due to low
dissolved oxygen levels are still reported in the Port of Harlingen portion. This may be attributed to a
combination of several factors including the change of the topography of the stream bottom from sheet flows
(-0.3 to-0.6 m) above tidal to the dredged channel and port (-6.1+ meter depth), low stream flows, poor
circulation, and nutrient loading from point and non-point sources previously described.
The Pfiesteria samples were collected at the west-end of the fishing pier at the Adolph Tomae Jr. County
Park. The pier is about 9.6 kilometers west from the intersection of the Arroyo Colorado with Gulf
Intracoastal Waterway and Lower Laguna Madre (Figures A-55, A-56, A-57, A-58).
Figure A-55. Color infra-red Landsat image showing the location of the Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park Pfiesteria
sampling location.
134
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Figure A-56. View of the locution of the Arroyo Colorado Pfiesteria sampling site at the Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park.
Figure A-57. View upstream from the loeation of the Arroyo Colorado Pfiesteria sampling site at the Adolph Tomae Jr.
County Park.
135
-------
Figure A-5X. View downstream from the locution of the Arroyo Colorado Pfiesteria sampling site at the Adolph Tomae
Jr. County Park.
136
-------
References
Belisle, HJ. and R. Josselet. An Analysis of Texas Waterways: a report on the physical
characteristics of rivers, streams, and bayous in Texas, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department,
Austin, Texas (1974).
Coalition to Restore Coastal Louisiana (CRCL). Danger and Opportunity: Implications of climate
change for Louisiana. A report for the Louisiana State Legislature to fulfill house concurrent
resolution 74, regular session, 1996, Baton Rouge, LA (1999).
Corpus Christi Bay National Estuary Program (CCBNEP). Processes and Trends of Circulation
Within the Corpus Christi Bay national Estuary Program Study Area, Publication CCBNEP Report
#21 (1997).
Furnans, J., D. Maidment and B. Hodges. An integrated geospatial database for Total Maximum
Daily Load modeling for Lavaca Bay - Matagorda Bay coastal area, Center for Research in Water
Resources, University of Texas at Austin (2002).
http://www.crwr.utexas.edu/reports/2002/rpt02-l.shtml
Hildebrand, H.H. and D. King. A preliminary biological study of the Cayo del Oso and the Pita
Island Area of the Laguna Madre, Annual Report to Central Power and Light Co., 333 pp. (1974).
Hildebrand, H.H. and D. King. A biological study of the Cayo del Oso and the Pita Island Area of
the Laguna Madre, Annual Report to Central Power and Light Co., 290 pp. (1975).
Hildebrand, H.H. and D. King. A biological study of the Cayo del Oso and the Pita Island Area of
the Laguna Madre, Annual Report to Central Power and Light Co., 257 pp. (1976).
Howard, C.L. An evaluation of the ecotoxicology of mercury in Lavaca Bay, Texas - a
continuation study. Annual Report, Environmental Institute of Houston (1999).
http://www.eih.uh.edu/publications/99annrep/99 howard.html
Lower Colorado River Authority (LCRA). The state of the river 1997. (2002).
http://www.lcra.org/lands/wrp/wq/strivr97.htm
Norris, C.W. and G.W. Linam. Ecologically Significant River and Stream Segments of Region H,
Regional Water Planning Area, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Austin, TX. 74p. (1999).
Sabine River Authority (SRA). 1999 Water Quality Summary Report, Sabine River Authority,
Orange, Texas. (2000).
Sabine River Authority (SRA). 2001 Annual Texas Clean Rivers Program Report. Sabine River
Authority (2002).
http://www.sra.dst.tx.us/srwmp/tcrp/state of the _basin/basin_highlights/20Ql/DRAFT_ 2001 bhr.p
df
Seafood Safety Division. Fish advisories and bans, Texas Department of Health, Austin, Texas
(2001).
Texas Environmental Profiles (TEP). 1998 303d Listed Estuaries, Bays, and Coastlines. (1998).
http://www.texasep.org/html/wql/wql_5cst_ebc303d.html.
137
-------
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD). Gazetteer of streams and rivers of Texas (Draft
Version). River Studies Program, Resource Protection Division, Texas Parks and Wildlife
Department, Austin, Texas. (1998).
Texas State Historical Association (TSHA). Clear Creek: Handbook of Texas Online. (2002a)
http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/view/MM/rbmbp.html
Texas State Historical Association (TSHA). Matagorda Bay: Handbook of Texas Online. (2002b).
http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/view/MM/rrm6.html
Tunnell, J.W. and F.W. Judd (eds). The Laguna Madre of Texas and Tamaulipas, Texas A&M
University Press, College Station, TX. (2002).
United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACOE). Gulf Intracoastal Waterway - Aransas
National Wildlife Refuge, Texas. Feasibility Report and Final Enviornmental Impact Statement.
Volume 1: Main Report (1995).
Ward, J.A. Health Consultation: Houston Ship Channel and Tabbs Bay (a/k/a Houston Ship
Channel) Houston, Harris County, Texas, Texas Department of Health, Austin, Texas (2001).
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/houstonship/hsc pl.html
Ward, J.A., S. Bush, E. Fonken, L. Williams and J.F. Villanacci. Health Consultation: Clear Lake
(a/k/a Galveston Bay) Galveston, Galveston County, Texas, Seafood Safety Division, Texas
Department of Health (2001).
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/clearlake/cle pl.html
138
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Appendix B
Data Tables
139
-------
Table B-l. Station data for Pfiesteria sampling sites in Texas in 2000. (Sample media codes: W=water, S=sediment).
Major System
Sabine Lake
Sabine Lake
Sabine Lake
Sabine Lake
Sabine Lake
Sabine Lake
Sabine Lake
Sabine Lake
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Minor System
Sabine Lake
Sabine Lake
Sabine Lake
Sabine Lake
Sabine Lake
Sabine Lake
Sabine Lake
Sabine Lake
Gear Lake
Gear Lake
Gear Lake
Gear Lake
Gear Lake
Gear Lake
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Moses Lake
Location
Sabine Pass
Sabine Pass
Sabine Pass
Sabine Pass
Sabine Pass
Sabine Pass
Sabine Pass
Sabine Pass
Clear Lake
Clear Creek
Clear Creek
Armand Bayou
Armand Bayou
Armand Bayou
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 2
Dickinson Bayou 2
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 1
Tabbs Bay
Tabbs Bay
Tabbs Bay
Moses Bayou
Sample
ID
TX 17
TX18
TX44
TX26
TX61
TX67
TX74
TX80
TX20
TX30
TX27
TX66
TX75
TX39
TX 11
TX 12
TX41
TX28
TX45
TX72
TX76
TX35
TX 19
TX62
TX78
TX21
Sample
Medium
W
W
S
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
S
W
S
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
Date Collected
4/25/2000
4/25/2000
4/25/2000
6/1/2000
6/23/2000
7/12/2000
8/2/2000
9/15/2000
4/26/2000
5/1 1/2000
6/21/2000
7/10/2000
8/7/2000
9/20/2000
4/19/2000
4/19/2000
4/19/2000
6/21/2000
7/26/2000
7/26/2000
8/7/2000
9/20/2000
4/26/2000
6/23/2000
8/10/2000
5/1 1/2000
Time
Collected
1450
1450
1450
1138
1202
1333
1335
1358
1405
1337
0900
1300
1343
1242
0845
0845
0845
0946
1603
1603
1557
1100
1110
1440
1411
1433
Latitude
294550.1
294550.1
29 45 50.1
294550.1
29 45 47.8
29 45 46.7
29 45 46.7
29 45 46.7
29 33 50.5
2931 10.8
2931 09.7
29 35 35.7
29 35 43.7
29 35 35.7
29 27 26.3
29 27 26.3
29 27 26.3
29 27 24.4
29 25 48.9
29 25 48.9
29 27 24.6
29 27 24.4
29 42 52.3
29 42 25.3
2941 55.5
29 25 15.7
Longitude Comments
935351.6
935351.6
935351.6
935351.6
93 53 48.2
93 53 47.6
93 53 47.9
93 53 47.9
950351.9
95 06 08.6
95 06 08.7
95 05 06.6
95 05 24.5
95 05 06.6
95 02 57.4
95 02 57.4
95 02 57.4
950251.2
95 06 52.8 fish kill in area
95 06 52.8 fish kill in area
950251.2
950251.4
94 58 52.5
94 59 24.0
945855.5
945742.1
140
-------
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Brazos River
Brazos River
Brazos River
Brazos River
Brazos River
Brazos River
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Moses Lake
Moses Lake
West Bay
West Bay
West Bay
West Bay
West Bay
West Bay
West Bay
West Bay
Freeport North
Freeport North
Freeport North
Freeport South
Freeport South
Freeport South
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Matagorda Bay
Moses Lake
Moses Bayou
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Oyster Creek
Swan Lake
Oyster Creek
Intracoastal Waterway
Jones Creek
Intracoastal Waterway
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Colorado River
TX65
TX37
TX 15
TX 16
TX43
TX22
TX29
TX73
TX77
TX 105
TX24
TX68
TX 104
TX25
TX69
TX 106
TX 13
TX 14
TX42
TX64
TX71
TX79
TX 102
TX2
TX32
TX 85
TX91
TX97
TX23
W
W
W
W
S
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
S
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
7/7/2000
9/20/2000
4/19/2000
4/19/2000
4/19/2000
5/15/2000
6/21/2000
7/27/2000
8/9/2000
10/4/2000
5/30/2000
7/20/2000
10/4/2000
5/30/2000
7/20/2000
10/4/2000
4/19/2000
4/19/2000
4/19/2000
6/28/2000
7/26/2000
8/15/2000
9/22/2000
4/13/2000
5/17/2000
6/30/2000
7/25/2000
9/29/2000
5/26/2000
1222
1145
1435
1435
1435
1240
1130
1210
1013
1525
1239
1000
1123
1431
1140
1234
1215
1215
1215
1105
1411
1114
1053
1125
1430
1330
1330
1400
1108
292531.4
2925 15.4
29 11 17.4
29 11 17.0
29 11 17.4
29 11 20.0
29 11 19.1
29 11 19.1
29 11 19.0
29 11 19.4
2900 16.9
28 58 39.8
290014.1
2853 14.2
28 56 07.2
28 53 33.9
29 27 25.9
29 27 26.9
29 27 26.9
28 46 06.7
28 46 06.8
28 46 06.8
28 46 06.8
28 39 12.0
2839 12.0
28 39 12.0
28 39 12.0
28 39 12.0
284320.1
94 55 34.0
94 57 42.0
94 58 50.6
945851.0
94 58 50.6
94 58 49.6
94 58 49.0
94 58 49.3
94 58 49.2
945849.1
95 1846.7
95 16 15.7
951831.2
95 25 26.0
95 25 14.6
95 24 36.2
95 02 57.7
95 02 57.7
95 02 57.7
95 38 25.3
95 38 25.3
95 38 25.3
95 38 25.3
96 35 44.0
96 35 44.0
96 35 44.0
96 35 44.0
96 35 44.0
9558 16.4
red tide in area
red tide in area
fish kill in area
red tide in area
water color green-brown
141
-------
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Aransas Bay
Aransas Bay
Aransas Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Upper Laguna Madre
Upper Laguna Madre
Upper Laguna Madre
Upper Laguna Madre
Upper Laguna Madre
Upper Laguna Madre
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Mesquite Bay
Mesquite Bay
Mesquite Bay
Nueces Bay
Nueces Bay
Nueces Bay
Nueces Bay
Nueces Bay
Nueces Bay
Oso Bay
Oso Bay
Oso Bay
Oso Bay
Oso Bay
Oso Bay
Baffin Bay
Baffin Bay
Baffin Bay
Baffin Bay
Baffin Bay
Baffin Bay
Colorado River
Colorado River
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Mesquite Bay
Mesquite Bay
Mesquite Bay
Nueces River
Nueces River
Nueces River
Nueces River
Nueces River
Nueces River
Oso Bay 1
Oso Bay 2
Oso Creek
Oso Bay 2
Oso Bay 2
Oso Bay 2
Kraatz Pier
Kraatz Pier
Bayview Campground
Bayview Campground
Bayview Campground
Bayview Campground
TX70
TX 108
TX8
TX10
TX9
TX111
TX 112
TX99
TX33
TX93
TX 100
TX38
TX31
TX87
TX40
TX34
TX36
TX3
TX82
TX83
TX86
TX89
TX95
TX4
TX5
TX7
TX84
TX90
TX92
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
7/26/2000
9/22/2000
4/18/2000
5/24/2000
6/21/2000
7/12/2000
8/14/2000
10/3/2000
5/17/2000
7/24/2000
10/4/2000
4/19/2000
5/16/2000
6/14/2000
7/12/2000
8/10/2000
9/7/2000
4/13/2000
5/30/2000
6/20/2000
7/12/2000
8/8/2000
9/15/2000
4/27/2000
4/27/2000
5/31/2000
6/21/2000
7/28/2000
8/24/2000
1220
1408
1100
1400
1000
0900
1100
1453
1130
1233
1030
950
1334
1527
1403
1323
1255
1700
1617
1215
0945
1035
1000
1505
1505
1235
1007
1505
1740
28 43 14.7
28 43 14.7
27 49 38.0
27 49 38.0
27 49 38.0
27 49 38.0
27 49 38.0
27 49 40.8
28 09 46.0
28 10 04.2
28 1001.1
275136.0
2751 38.0
2751 22.7
275124.0
2751 38.0
275123.4
27 43 05.8
273825.1
273924.1
27 38 26.3
27 38 26.3
27 38 26.3
27 17 19.2
27 17 19.2
27 1849.4
27 1849.4
271849.6
27 1849.6
9558 17.6
955817.6
97 04 42.9
97 04 42.9
97 04 42.9
97 04 42.9
97 04 42.9
97 04 47.5
9651 35.0
9651 29.6
96 51 30.2
97 33 23.0
97 33 24.0
97 33 37.7
97 33 37.0
97 33 24.0
97 33 36.7
97 19 52.9
97 20 34.1
972406.1
97 20 36.5
97 20 36.5
97 20 36.9
97 39 39.0
97 39 39.0
97 40 30.2
97 40 30.2
974030.1
974030.1
fish kill in area
heavy algal bloom, water green
incoming current from Corpus Christi Bay
CP&L releasing water
CP&L releasing water
water color tea green
142
-------
Upper Laguna Madre
Upper Laguna Madre
Lower Laguna Madre
Lower Laguna Madre
Lower Laguna Madre
Lower Laguna Madre
Lower Laguna Madre
Lower Laguna Madre
Baffin Bay Bayview Campground TX 92 W 8/24/2000 1740 271849.6 974030.1
Baffin Bay Bayview Campground TX 96 W 9/28/2000 1230 271850.0 974030.0
Arroyo Colorado Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park TX 1 W 4/6/2000 1730 262046.3 972442.7
Arroyo Colorado Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park TX51 S 4/6/2000 1730 262046.3 972442.7
Arroyo Colorado Adolph Tornae Jr. County Park TX52 S 6/13/2000 1205 262046.3 972442.7
Arroyo Colorado Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park TX 6 W 6/13/2000 1205 262046.3 972442.7
Arroyo Colorado Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park TX 53 S 8/9/2000 1600 262046.3 972442.7
Arroyo Colorado Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park TX 94 W 8/9/2000 1600 26 20 46.3 97 24 42.7
water color pea green
143
-------
Table B-2. Station data for Pfiesteria sampling sites in Texas in 2001. (Sample media codes: W=water, S=sediment).
Major System
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Galveston Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Minor System
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
Location
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Sample ID
TX 101
TX 109
TX 164
TX 161
TX167
TX 171
TX 174
TX 178
TX 180
TX 186
TX 188
TX 126
TX 103
TX 110
TX 169
TX165
TX 168
TX 172
TX175
TX 177
TX 181
TX 184
TX 187
TX 190
TX 107
TX 162
TX 163
Sample
Medium
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
Date
Collected
4/10/2001
4/25/2001
5/9/2001
5/24/2001
6/5/2001
6/20/2001
7/3/2001
7/19/2001
8/3/2001
8/17/2001
9/4/2001
9/28/2001
4/10/2001
4/25/2001
5/9/2001
5/24/2001
6/5/2001
6/20/2001
7/3/2001
7/19/2001
8/3/2001
8/17/2001
9/4/2001
9/18/2001
4/10/2001
4/25/2001
5/9/2001
Time
Collected
0919
1100
1545
0800
0850
0905
1700
0853
0907
1414
1200
1005
1016
1156
1321
0924
0955
1000
1550
1022
1038
1256
1000
1531
1208
1517
1108
Latitude
29 35 43.8
29 35 43.8
293543.8
293543.8
29 35 43.8
29 35 43.8
29 35 43.8
29 35 43.8
29 35 43.8
29 35 43.8
29 35 43.8
29 35 43.8
29 27 24.7
29 27 24.7
29 27 24.7
29 27 24.7
29 27 24.7
29 27 24.7
29 27 24.7
29 27 24.7
29 27 24.7
29 27 24.7
29 27 24.7
29 27 24.7
28 46 06.9
28 46 06.9
28 46 06.9
Longitude Comments
95 05 24.7
95 05 24.7
95 05 24.7
95 05 24.7
95 05 24.7
95 05 24.7
95 05 24.7
95 05 24.7
95 05 24.7
95 05 24.7
95 05 24.7
95 05 24.7
950251.7
950251.7
950251.7
950251.7
950251.7
950251.7
950251.7
950251.7
950251.7
950251.7
950251.7
950251.7
95 38 24.8
95 38 24.8
95 38 24.8
144
-------
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Corpus Christ! Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Coipus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Chrisli Bay
Lower Laguna Madre
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay
Coipus Christi Bay
Arroyo Colorado
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
TX 166
TX 170
TX173
TX 176
TX 179
TX 182
TX183
TX185
TX 189
TX133
TX345
TX335
TX 121
TX 122
TX358
TX337
TX 127
TX 141
TX 142
TX301
TX302
TX303
TX304
TX305
TX306
TX307
TX308
TX309
TX310
TX 140
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
5/24/2001
6/5/2001
6/20/2001
7/3/2001
7/19/2001
8/3/2001
8/17/2001
8/31/2001
9/18/2001
4/19/2001
6/20/2001
6/28/2001
7/1 1/2001
8/6/2001
8/15/2001
9/19/2001
9/27/2001
4/10/2001
4/25/2001
5/8/2001
5/24/2001
6/12/2001
6/26/2001
7/10/2001
7/31/2001
8/14/2001
8/30/2001
9/15/2001
9/27/2001
4/9/2001
1123
1145
1130
1016
1150
1510
1036
1130
1126
1400
1215
1320
1248
1640
1215
1330
1225
1415
1445
1115
1120
0900
0900
1000
0900
0900
0930
1000
1000
1813
28 46 06.9
28 46 06.9
28 46 06.9
28 46 06.9
28 46 06.9
28 46 06.9
28 46 06.9
28 46 06.9
28 46 06.9
28 38 30.5
28 38 30.5
28 38 30.5
28 38 30.5
28 38 30.5
28 38 30.5
28 38 30.5
28 38 30.5
27 49 38.0
27 49 38.0
27 49 38.0
27 49 38.0
27 49 38.0
27 49 38.0
27 49 38.0
27 49 38.0
27 49 38.0
27 49 38.0
27 49 38.0
27 49 38.0
26 20 46.3
95 38 24.8
95 38 24.8
95 38 24.8
95 38 24.8
95 38 24.8
95 38 24.8
95 38 24.8
95 38 24.8
95 38 24.8
96 36 28.5
96 36 28.5
96 36 28.5
96 36 28.5
96 36 28.5
96 36 28.5
96 36 28.5
96 36 28.5
97 04 42.9
97 04 42.9
97 04 42.9
97 04 42.9
97 04 42.9
97 04 42.9
97 04 42.9
97 04 42.9
97 04 42.9
97 04 42.9
97 04 42.9
97 04 42.9
97 24 42.7
145
-------
Lower Laguna Madre
Lower Laguna Madre
Lower Laguna Madre
Lower Laguna Madre
Lower Laguna Madre
Lower Laguna Madre
Lower Laguna Madre
Lower Laguna Madre
Lower Laguna Madre
Lower Laguna Madre
Lower Laguna Madre
Lower Laguna Madre
Lower Laguna Madre
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Adolph Tomae Jr.
County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr.
Adolph Tomae Jr.
Adolph Tomae Jr.
Adolph Tomae Jr.
County
County
County
County
Adolph Tomae Jr. County
Adolph Tomae Jr.
Adolph Tomae Jr.
Adolph Tomae Jr.
Adolph Tomae Jr.
Adolph Tomae Jr.
Adolph Tomae Jr.
Park
Park
Park
Park
Park
County Park
County
County
County
County
Park
Park
Park
Park
County Park
TX
TX
TX
TX
139
134
137
356
TX755
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
136
338
338
132
343
780
131
336
W
W
W
W
s
W
W
s
W
W
s
W
W
4/23/2001
5/9/2001
5/24/2001
6/7/2001
6/7/2001
6/19/2001
7/10/2001
7/10/2001
7/24/2001
8/13/2001
8/13/2001
8/29/2001
9/12/2001
1217
1325
1420
1947
1947
1310
1223
1223
1403
1815
1815
1354
1434
26 20 46.3
26 20 46.3
26 20 46.0
26 20 46.3
26 20 46.3
26 20 46.3
26 20 46.3
26 20 46.3
26 20 46.3
26 20 46.3
26 20 46.3
26 20 46.3
26 20 46.3
97 24 42.7
972442.7
87 24 43.0
97 24 42.7
97 24 42.7
97 24 42.7
97 24 42.7
97 24 42.7
97 24 42.7
97 24 42.7
97 24 42.7
97 24 42.7
97 24 42.7
146
-------
Table B-3. Meteorological data for Pfiesteria sampling stations in Texas in 2000. Cloud cover code values: 1=0-9%, 2=10-25%, 3=26-50%, 4=51-75%, 5=76-90%, 6=91-100%. (nd=no data)
Location
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Tabbs Bay
Tabbs Bay
Tabbs Bay
Clear Lake
Clear Creek
Clear Creek
Armand Bayou
Armand Bayou
Armand Bayou
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 2
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 2
Moses Bayou
Moses Lake
Moses Bayou
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Sample ID Date Air temperature Air Wind speed Wind speed
Collected (degrees F) temperature code
(degrees C) (Beaufort)
TX 18
TX26
TX61
TX67
TX74
TX80
TX 19
TX62
TX78
TX20
TX30
TX27
TX66
TX75
TX39
TX 11
TX28
TX72
TX76
TX35
TX21
TX65
TX37
TX 15
TX22
4/25/2000
6/1/2000
6/23/2000
7/12/2000
8/2/2000
9/15/2000
4/26/2000
6/23/2000
8/10/2000
4/26/2000
5/1 1/2000
6/21/2000
7/10/2000
8/7/2000
9/20/2000
4/19/2000
6/21/2000
7/26/2000
8/7/2000
9/20/2000
5/11/2000
7/7/2000
9/20/2000
4/19/2000
5/15/2000
85.0
90.0
90.0
90.0
95.0
95.0
80.0
96.0
95.0
85.0
88.0
85.0
90.0
95.0
90.0
78.0
85.0
95.0
95.0
90.0
88.0
90.0
90.0
84.0
88.0
29.4
32.2
32.2
32.2
35.0
35.0
26.7
35.6
35.0
29.4
31.1
29.4
32.2
35.0
32.2
25.6
29.4
35.0
35.0
32.2
31.1
32.2
32.2
28.9
31.1
<5 mph
0-5 mph
10-15 mph
5-10 mph
10 mph
5 mph
5- 10 mph
15-20 mph
10 mph
10-15 mph
15-20 mph
10 mph
10-15 mph
5 mph
20 mph
10 mph
10 mph
10 mph
5 mph
0-5 mph
15-20 mph
0-5 mph
5 mph
10-20 mph
10 mph
2
1
3
2
3
2
2
4
3
3
4
3
3
2
5
3
3
3
2
1
4
1
2
4
3
Wind
direction
nd
S
S
S
S
N
SE
SE
S
SE
S
SE
S
S
S
SE
SE
S
S
S
S
SW
S
SE
SE
Cloud cover
2%
30%
20%
20%
80%
90%
20%
20%
10%
20%
100%
20%
70%
40%
20%
90%
20%
25%
40%
50%
100%
20%
40%
nd
30%
Cloud Sea state
cover code
1
3
2
2
5
5
2
2
2
2
6
2
4
3
2
5
2
2
3
3
6
2
3
nd
3
calm
calm
calm
calm
calm
calm
calm
choppy
slightly choppy
calm to choppy
calm
slightly choppy
slightly choppy
calm
rough
calm
slightly choppy
calm
calm
calm
slightly choppy
calm
calm
calm
calm
Sea state Comments
code
(Beaufort)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
3
2
0
3
3
3
0
0
6
0
3
0
3
0
0
0
0
147
-------
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Oyster Creek
Swan Lake
Oyster Creek
Intracoastal Waterway
Jones Creek
Intracoastal Waterway
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Colorado River
Colorado River
Colorado River
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Mesquite Bay
Mesquite Bay
Mesquite Bay
Nueces River
Nueces River
Nueces River
TX29
TX73
TX77
TX105
TX24
TX68
TX 104
TX25
TX69
TX 106
TX 13
TX64
TX71
TX79
TX 102
TX23
TX70
TX 108
TX2
TX32
TX85
TX91
TX97
TX33
TX93
TX 100
TX38
TX31
TX87
6/21/2000
7/27/2000
8/9/2000
10/4/2000
5/30/2000
7/20/2000
10/4/2000
5/30/2000
7/20/2000
10/4/2000
4/19/2000
6/28/2000
7/26/2000
8/15/2000
9/22/2000
5/26/2000
7/26/2000
9/22/2000
4/13/2000
5/17/2000
6/30/2000
7/25/2000
9/29/2000
5/17/2000
7/24/2000
10/4/2000
4/19/2000
5/16/2000
6/14/2000
90.0
90.0
90.0
91.0
90.0
92.0
90.0
90.0
95.0
90.0
84.0
90.0
95.0
85.0
90.0
92.0
90.0
90.0
78.0
87.0
92.0
95.0
85.0
85.0
95.0
85.0
79.0
89.0
92.0
32.2
32.2
32.2
32.8
32.2
33.3
32.2
32.2
35.0
32.2
28.9
32.2
35.0
29.4
32.2
33.3
32.2
32.2
25.6
30.6
33.3
35.0
29.4
29.4
35.0
29.4
26.1
31.7
33.3
15 mph
lOmph
5 mph
10 mph
0-5 mph
10-15 mph
10 mph
5- 10 mph
5- 10 mph
10 mph
5- 10 mph
15-20 mph
10 mph
10 mph
5 mpg
10-15 mph
10 mph
5 mph
5-10kts
20-25 kts
10-15 kts
10 kts
5-10 kts
20-30 kts
8- 10 mph
10 mph
15-20 kts
10-15 kts
20 mph
4
3
2
3
1
3
3
2
2
3
2
4
3
3
2
3
3
2
3
6
4
3
3
6
3
3
5
4
5
SE
SE
S
S
SW
SW
E
SW
SSW
E
SE
S
S
W
S
SE
S
S
N
SSW
SE
E
NE
SSE
E
SE
SE
SSE
SE
30%
15%
0%
5%
30%
10%
20%
30%
20%
15%
nd
30%
25%
80%
20%
10%
25%
40%
95%
50%
40%
20%
0%
mostly cloudy
partly cloudy
25%
mostly clear
partly cloudy
mostly cloudy
3
2
1
1
3
2
2
3
2
2
nd
3
2
5
2
2
2
3
6
3
3
2
1
5
2
2
1
2
5
calm
calm
calm
calm
calm
calm
calm
calm
calm
slightly choppy
calm
slightly choppy
calm
slightly choppy
calm
calm
calm
calm
slightly choppy
very choppy
slightly choppy
light chop
calm/slight chop
very choppy/white
caps
slightly choppy
calm
nd
ripples
calm
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
3
0
3
0
0
0
0
3
6
3
2
2
6
3
0
nd
1
0
very turbid, silty water
temp recorded as 90's
temp recorded as 78-80
148
-------
Nueces River
Nueces River
Nueces River
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Oso Bay 1
Oso Bay 2
Oso Bay 2
Oso Bay 2
Oso Bay 2
Oso Creek
Kraatz Pier
Bayview Campground
Bayview Campground
Bayview Campground
Bayview Campground
Bayview Campground
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
TX40
TX34
TX36
TX8
TX 10
TX9
TX 111
TX112
TX99
TX3
TX82
TX86
TX89
TX95
TX83
TX4
TX7
TX84
TX90
TX92
TX96
TX 1
TX6
TX94
7/12/2000
8/10/2000
9/7/2000
4/18/2000
5/24/2000
6/21/2000
7/12/2000
8/14/2000
10/3/2000
4/13/2000
5/30/2000
7/12/2000
8/8/2000
9/15/2000
6/20/2000
4/27/2000
5/31/2000
6/21/2000
7/28/2000
8/24/2000
9/28/2000
4/6/2000
6/13/2000
8/9/2000
90.0
98.0
80.0
75.9
80.2
nd
nd
nd
90.0
78.0
80.1
87.8
89.0
87.5
90.0
88.0
81.1
88.0
90.0
90.0
85.0
80.0
79.5
98.0
32.2
36.7
26.7
24.4
26.8
nd
nd
nd
32.2
25.6
26.7
31.0
31.7
30.8
32.2
31.1
27.3
31.1
32.2
32.2
29.4
26.7
26.4
36.7
15-20 kts
15kts
10-1 5 mph
5.9 m/s
7.7 m/s
Nd
Nd
Nd
15 mph
10 mph
12-15 kts
15 mph
2-5 mph
10-15 mph
5- 10 mph
20-25 mph
12-15 kts
10-1 5 mph
25 mph
15-20 kts
5- 10 mph
15-20 mph
5-10 mph
5- 10 mph
5
4
3
4
4
nd
nd
nd
4
3
4
4
1
3
2
5
4
3
6
5
2
4
2
2
SE
NE
ENE
SE
SE
nd
nd
nd
SE
E
ESE
S
SE
N
SSE
E
SSE
SSE
S
ESE
NE
SE
SE
SE
clear
mostly clear
100%
nd
partly cloudy
nd
nd
nd
clear
100%
0%
scattered
cloudy
scattered
partly cloudy
<5% clouds
clear
mostly clear
clear
50% clouds
scattered
partly
mostly cloudy
slightly cloudy
1
1
6
nd
2
nd
nd
nd
1
6
1
2
5
2
2
1
1
1
1
3
2
2
5
1
calm
slightly choppy
calm
nd
calm
nd
nd
nd
calm
slightly choppy
slightly choppy
slightly choppy
calm
slightly choppy
calm
choppy/white caps
slightly choppy
choppy
choppy
choppy/white caps
slightly choppy
nd
calm
choppy
0
3
0
nd
0
nd
nd
nd
0
3
3
3
0
3
0
5
3
4
4
5
3
nd
0
4
recorded as mostly sunny
wind direction 125 deg
wind direction 153 deg
overcast cloud cover
temp recorded as 85-90
wind gusts to 20 mph
water very turbid
water very turbid
wind gusts 20-25 mph
wind gusts to 15 mph
149
-------
Table B-4. Meteorological data for Pflesteria sampling stations in Texas in 2001. Cloud cover code values: 1=0-9%, 2=10-25%, 3=26-50%, 4=51-75%, 5=76-90%, 6=91-100%. (nd=no data)
Location
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Caney Creek
Sample ID Date
collected
TX 101
TX 109
TX164
TX 161
TX167
TX 171
TX 174
TX 178
TX 180
TX 186
TX 188
TX 126
TX 103
TX 110
TX 169
TX 165
TX 168
TX 172
TX 175
TX 177
TX 181
TX 184
TX 187
TX190
TX 107
4/10/2001
4/25/2001
5/9/2001
5/24/2001
6/5/2001
6/20/2001
7/3/2001
7/19/2001
8/3/2001
8/17/2001
9/4/2001
9/28/2001
4/10/2001
4/25/2001
5/9/2001
5/24/2001
6/5/2001
6/20/2001
7/3/2001
7/19/2001
8/3/2001
8/17/2001
9/4/2001
9/18/2001
4/10/2001
Air
temperature
(degrees F)
75.0
75.0
90.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
85.0
80.0
85.0
88.0
88.0
80.0
78.0
75.0
85.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
85.0
85.0
87.0
86.0
88.0
87.0
84.0
Air Wind speed Wind speed
temperature code
(degrees C) (Beaufort)
23.9
23.9
32.2
26.7
26.7
26.7
29.4
26.7
29.4
31.1
31.1
26.7
25.6
23.9
29.4
26.7
26.7
26.7
29.4
29.4
30.6
30.0
31.1
30.6
28.9
lOmph
5 mph
5 mph
5 mph
0 mph
Omph
0 mph
5 mph
5- 10 mph
5- 10 mph
5- 10 mph
0 mph
10 mph
5 mph
5 mph
5 mph
5 mph
5 mph
0 mph
5 mph
5 mph
5 mph
5-10 mph
5- 10 mph
5 mph
3
2
2
2
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
0
3
2
2
2
2
2
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
Wind
direction
S
N
SE
S
N/A
N/A
N/A
S
SE
S
S
N/A
S
N
S
S
SE
S
N/A
S
SE
S
S
sw
S
Cloud cover Cloud cover Sea state
code
80%
0-9%
10-25%
0-9%
91-100%
0-9%
91-100%
0-9%
10-25%
10-25%
76-90%
0-9%
90%
0-9%
26-50%
0-9%
91-100%
26-50%
91-100%
26-50%
10-25%
26-50%
76-90%
26-50%
30%
5
1
2
1
6
1
6
1
2
2
5
1
5
1
3
1
6
3
6
3
2
3
5
3
3
calm
calm
calm
calm
calm
calm
calm
calm
calm
calm
calm
calm
slightly choppy
calm
calm
calm
slightly choppy
calm
calm
calm
calm
calm
calm
slightly choppy
slightly choppy
Sea state Comments
code
(Beaufort)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
150
-------
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Aransas Binding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
TX 162
TX 163
TX 166
TX 170
TX 173
TX 176
TX 179
TX 182
TX 183
TX 185
TX 189
TX 133
TX345
TX335
TX121
TX 122
TX 358
TX337
TX 127
TX 141
TX 142
TX301
TX302
TX303
TX304
TX 305
TX306
TX 307
TX 308
4/25/2001
5/9/2001
5/24/2001
6/5/2001
6/20/2001
7/3/2001
7/19/2001
8/3/2001
8/17/2001
8/31/2001
9/18/2001
4/19/2001
6/20/2001
6/28/2001
7/11/2001
8/6/2001
8/15/2001
9/19/2001
9/27/2001
4/10/2001
4/25/2001
5/8/2001
5/24/2001
6/12/2001
6/26/2001
7/10/2001
7/31/2001
8/14/2001
8/30/2001
75.0
80.0
82.0
80.0
85.0
80.0
85.0
87.0
86.0
85.0
87.0
78.0
95.0
90.0
95.0
92.0
92.0
90.0
nd
75.2
67.5
75.7
79.7
84.6
77.4
82.2
80.6
78.3
77.0
23.9
26.7
27.8
26.7
29.4
26.7
29.4
30.6
30.0
29.4
30.6
25.6
35.0
32.2
35.0
33.3
33.3
32.2
nd
24.0
19.7
24.3
26.5
29.2
25.2
27.9
27.0
25.7
25.0
lOmph
5 mph
5 mph
10-15 mph
5 mph
5 mph
5 mph
10-15mph
5 mph
5 mph
3 mph
30 + kts
15 kts
5- 10 kts
5- 10 kts
15 kts
5 kts
nd
1 mph
15 mph
10-15 mph
8 mph
9-10 mph
10 mph
10- 15 mph
5- 10 mph
10-15 mph
0-5 mph
5-8 mph
3
2
2
3
2
2
2
3
2
2
1
6
4
3
3
4
2
Nd
1
4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
1
9
N
S
S
SE
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
SE
SE
SE
SE
E
SE
SE
N
SE
NE
NE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
0-9%
10-25%
26-50%
91-100%
26-50%
26-50%
26-50%
10-25%
26-50%
91-100%
10-25%
91-100%
0-9%
26-50%
10-25%
0-9%
26-50%
26-50%
0-9%
partly cloudy
clear
partly cloudy
clear
0-9%
10-25%
0-9%
10-25%
91-100%
91-100%
1
2
3
6
3
3
3
2
3
6
2
6
1
3
2
1
3
3
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
6
6
slightly choppy
calm
calm
choppy
calm
calm
calm
calm
calm
slightly choppy
calm
rough
slightly choppy
choppy
light chop
choppy/some white
caps
calm
nd
calm
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
calm
small ripples
3
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
6
3
4
2
4
0
nd
0
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
0
1
wind gusting to 30 mph
151
-------
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
TX309
TX310
TX140
TX139
TX134
TX137
TX356
TX136
TX338
TX132
TX343
TX 131
TX336
9/15/2001
9/27/2001
4/9/2001
4/23/2001
5/9/2001
5/24/2001
6/7/2001
6/19/2001
7/10/2001
7/24/2001
8/13/2001
8/29/2001
9/12/2001
77.4
68.9
75.2
nd
84.7
92.3
79.9
90.0
nd
nd
90.0
90.9
90.0
25.2
20.5
24.0
nd
29.3
33.5
26.6
32.2
nd
nd
32.2
32.7
32.2
10-15 mph
lOmph
20 mph
10 mph
10 mph
22 mph
15 mph
5-10kts
3 mph
10 mph
5 mph
12 mph
10 mph
3
3
5
3
3
5
4
3
1
3
2
3
3
SE
nd
E
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
nd
SE
SE
E
nd
76-90%
51-75%
5%
91-100%
51-75%
10-25%
91-100%
51-75%
10-25%
26-50%
91-100%
76-90%
76-90%
5
4
1
6
4
2
6
4
2
3
6
5
5
nd
nd
choppy
0.2 m chop
slightly choppy
0.1 2-0.37 m
calm
light ripples
calm
0.15m
calm
0.2m
slightly choppy
nd
nd
4
3
3
5 .4- 1.2 ft
0
I
0
3 .5ft
0
3
3
152
-------
Table B-5. Physical-chemical data for Pfiesteria sampling stations in Texas in 2000. (nd=no data)
Minor System
Sabine Pass
Sabine Pass
Sabine Pass
Sabine Pass
Sabine Pass
Sabine Pass
Sabine Pass
Sabine Pass
Sabine Pass
Sabine Pass
Sabine Pass
Sabine Pass
Sabine Pass
Sabine Pass
Sabine Pass
Sabine Pass
Sabine Pass
Sabine Pass
Sabine Pass
Sabine Pass
Sabine Pass
Sabine Pass
Tabbs Bay
Tabbs Bay
Tabbs Bay
Location
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Tabbs Bay
Tabbs Bay
Tabbs Bay
Sample ID
TX 17
TX17
TX 17
TX17
TX18
TX 18
TX 18
TX18
TX26
TX26
TX61
TX61
TX61
TX61
TX67
TX67
TX67
TX74
TX74
TX74
TX80
TX80
TX 19
TX 19
TX62
Date
Collected
4/25/2000
4/25/2000
4/25/2000
4/25/2000
4/25/2000
4/25/2000
4/25/2000
4/25/2000
6/1/2000
6/1/2000
6/23/2000
6/23/2000
6/23/2000
6/23/2000
7/12/2000
7/12/2000
7/12/2000
8/2/2000
8/2/2000
8/2/2000
9/15/2000
9/15/2000
4/26/2000
4/26/2000
6/23/2000
Time
Collected
1450
1450
1450
1450
1450
1450
1450
1450
1138
1138
1202
1202
1202
1202
1333
1333
1333
1335
1335
1335
1358
1358
1110
1110
1440
Depth
(m)
0.61
1.22
1.83
2.71
0.61
1.22
1.83
2.71
0.25
1.5
0.25
1
2
3
0.25
1
2
0.25
1
1.3
1
2
0.15
0.52
0.25
Water
Temperature
(deg C)
23.24
23.13
22.84
22.82
23.24
23.13
22.84
22.82
29.42
29.31
29.84
29.61
29.28
29.22
32.1
32.02
31.59
30.98
30.11
29.89
28.6
28.52
25.14
25.03
29.94
DO
(mg/L)
6.11
5.83
5.74
5.61
6.11
5.83
5.74
5.61
4.69
4.68
6.28
6.02
5.47
5.38
7.12
6.83
6.23
6.97
6.29
5.8
7.04
6.11
6.83
6.98
7.33
Salinity
(PPt)
25.60
26.50
27.60
27.60
25.60
26.50
27.60
27.60
21.80
22.10
13.10
13.60
17.80
17.80
20.30
21.30
23.10
20.20
22.40
24.30
16.90
17.10
16.60
16.60
13.60
Conductivity
(mS/cm)
23.4
23.13
23.11
23.07
23.4
23.13
23.11
23.07
34.4
35.2
21.9
22.7
28.6
30.2
32.9
34
36.7
32.3
36.5
37.8
27.6
27.8
nd
nd
22.6
PH
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
7.83
7.83
7.71
7.79
7.83
7.83
7.95
7.92
7.86
8.06
8.03
8.03
7.81
7.8
nd
nd
8.14
Percent
Saturation
82.6
80.6
78.7
77.1
82.6
80.6
78.7
77.1
71.9
71.9
91.7
89.1
80.9
80.2
112.1
108.9
96.1
105.2
96.3
87.9
103.8
93.3
91.1
92.7
107.1
Secchi Disk
(cm)
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
100
100
80
80
80
80
60
60
60
75
75
75
60
60
50
50
20
153
-------
Tabbs Bay
Tabbs Bay
Tabbs Bay
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Tabbs Bay
Tabbs Bay
Tabbs Bay
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Creek
Clear Creek
Clear Creek
Clear Creek
Armand Bayou
Clear Lake
Armand Bayou
Armand Bayou
Armand Bayou
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 2
Dickinson Bayou 2
Dickinson Bayou 2
Dickinson Bayou I
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 1
TX62
TX78
TX78
TX20
TX20
TX20
TX20
TX20
TX30
TX30
TX27
TX27
TX66
TX75
TX75
TX39
TX39
TX 11
TX 11
TX 12
TX 12
TX28
TX28
TX72
TX72
TX72
TX76
TX76
TX35
6/23/2000
8/10/2000
8/10/2000
4/26/2000
4/26/2000
4/26/2000
4/26/2000
4/26/2000
5/1 1/2000
5/1 1/2000
6/21/2000
6/21/2000
7/10/2000
8/7/2000
8/7/2000
9/20/2000
9/20/2000
4/19/2000
4/19/2000
4/19/2000
4/19/2000
6/21/2000
6/21/2000
7/26/2000
7/26/2000
7/26/2000
8/7/2000
8/7/2000
9/20/2000
1440
1411
1411
1405
1405
1405
1405
1405
1337
1337
0900
0900
1300
1343
1343
1242
1242
0845
0845
0845
0845
0946
0946
1603
1603
1603
1557
1557
1100
1
0.25
0.7
0.15
0.3
0.61
0.91
1.22
0.25
0.78
0.25
0.43
0.25
0.25
1
0.25
1
0.25
1.89
0.25
1.89
0.25
0.6
0.25
1
1.3
0.25
0.4
0.25
29.93
32.48
31.48
26.9
26.83
26.71
26.54
25.79
28.8
28.28
29.26
29.23
32.96
32.31
31.09
29.11
29.03
25.42
21.48
25.42
21.48
30.4
30.34
29.44
29.16
29.22
32.81
32.78
28.84
7.31
6.84
5.94
9.68
9.77
9.58
9.03
5.61
8.83
6.77
6.22
6.12
12.42
11.88
7.33
11.44
10.48
5.33
0.38
5.33
0.38
5.71
4.82
2.93
0.32
0.22
11.04
9.78
8.47
13.60
16.40
16.60
14.50
14.70
14.60
14.90
15.70
5.51
6.78
5.94
5.39
4.50
2.90
2.80
4.00
4.10
3.37
17.16
3.37
17.16
5.72
6.08
2.00
6.60
7.60
11.90
11.90
6.10
22.6
26.8
27.2
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
9.709
11.72
11.67
8.508
8.13
5.24
5.18
7.13
7.24
6.16
27.92
6.16
27.92
10.11
10.72
3.68
11.2
13.16
20
20.1
10.65
8.15
8.12
8.03
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
8.34
8.16
8.36
8.3
9.2
9.54
9.32
9.18
9.18
nd
nd
nd
nd
7.58
7.51
7.28
6.93
6.76
8.77
8.75
8.37
106.6
98.4
88.9
131.9
133.2
129.0
120.0
69.0
117.2
89.4
82.7
82.1
178.7
170.6
98.6
153.5
139.5
66.5
3.7
66.5
3.7
81.0
66.1
37.7
4.0
2.8
161.9
147.7
114.9
20
40
40
50
50
50
50
50
25
25
30
30
33
20
20
40
40
nd
nd
nd
nd
60
60
80
80
80
40
40
77
154
-------
Dickinson Bay
Moses Lake
Moses Lake
Moses Lake
Moses Lake
Moses Lake
Moses Lake
West Bay
West Bay
West Bay
West Bay
West Bay
West Bay
West Bay
West Bay
West Bay
West Bay
West Bay
West Bay
West Bay
West Bay
West Bay
West Bay
West Bay
West Bay
Freeport North
Freeporl North
Freeport North
Freeport North
Dickinson Bayou 1
Moses Bayou
Moses Bayou
Moses Lake
Moses Lake
Moses Bayou
Moses Bayou
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Oyster Creek
Oyster Creek
Swan Lake
Oyster Creek
TX35
TX21
TX21
TX65
TX65
TX37
TX37
TX 15
TX 15
TX 15
TX 16
TX 16
TX 16
TX22
TX22
TX22
TX29
TX29
TX73
TX73
TX73
TX77
TX77
TX 105
TX 105
TX24
TX24
TX68
TX 104
9/20/2000
5/11/2000
5/1 1/2000
1/7/2000
7/1/2000
9/20/2000
9/20/2000
4/19/2000
4/19/2000
4/19/2000
4/19/2000
4/19/2000
4/19/2000
5/15/2000
5/15/2000
5/15/2000
6/21/2000
6/21/2000
7/27/2000
7/27/2000
7/27/2000
8/9/2000
8/9/2000
10/4/2000
10/4/2000
5/30/2000
5/30/2000
7/20/2000
10/4/2000
1100
1433
1433
1222
1222
1145
1145
1435
1435
1435
1435
1435
1435
1240
1240
1240
1130
1130
1210
1210
1210
1013
1013
1525
1525
1239
1239
1000
1123
0.5
0.25
0.91
0.25
1
0.25
1
0.25
0.6
1.19
0.25
0.6
1.19
0.25
1
1.6
0.25
1.06
0.25
1
1.2
0.5
0.9
0.25
1
0.25
1
0.25
0.25
28.72
28.44
28.14
30.92
30.1
28.15
27.69
26.08
25.15
25.07
26.08
25.15
25.07
26.58
25.82
25.79
28.92
28.49
29.93
29.31
29.17
29.63
29.13
28.31
27.63
31.7
31.1
30.43
27.65
7.22
7.69
7.32
6.52
5.97
5.77
5.12
7.38
6.61
6.47
7.38
6.61
6.47
7.12
6.62
6.52
5.67
4.8
2.78
1.61
1.38
2.48
1.84
7.32
6.8
6.53
6.07
5.25
6.9
6.30
20.19
20.35
22.60
22.60
17.60
18.70
30.62
30.69
30.51
30.62
30.69
30.51
30.61
30.30
30.10
32.40
32.06
36.50
36.50
36.50
35.20
35.30
34.70
34.50
4.20
4.40
nd
16.40
10.89
32.35
32.71
36
35.7
28.4
30.4
47.06
47.04
46.88
47.06
47.04
46.88
46.14
45.61
45.6
49.47
48.96
54.9
55
54.9
53.3
53.3
52
51.8
7.55
7.75
nd
26.9
8.34
8.02
7.93
7.97
7.94
7.92
7.93
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
8.21
8.1
8.1
7.81
7.77
7.79
7.77
7.73
7.89
7.81
8.05
8.05
8.11
8.11
7.91
7.9
106.2
111.4
106.9
103.4
93.1
82.3
72.4
110.0
97.5
93.9
110.0
97.5
93.9
106.1
91.4
90.6
89.6
74.6
46.6
25.2
24.4
40.6
32.5
116.1
108.9
92.4
82.1
91.3
97.3
77
20
20
50
50
40
40
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
30
30
30
60
60
40
40
40
40
40
60
60
30
30
30
50
155
-------
Freeport North
Freeport South
Freeport South
Freeport South
Freeport South
Freeport South
Freeport South
Freeport South
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Oyster Creek
Intracoastal Waterway
Jones Creek
Jones Creek
Intracoastal Waterway
Intracoastal Waterway
Intracoastal Waterway
Intracoastal Waterway
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Colorado River
Colorado River
Colorado River
Colorado River
Colorado River
Colorado River
Colorado River
Colorado River
Colorado River
TX 104
TX25
TX69
TX69
TX106
TX 106
TX 106
TX 106
TX 13
TX 13
TX 14
TX 14
TX64
TX64
TX71
TX71
TX79
TX79
TX 102
TX 102
TX23
TX23
TX70
TX70
TX70
TX70
TX 108
TXI08
TX 108
10/4/2000
5/30/2000
7/20/2000
7/20/2000
10/4/2000
10/4/2000
10/4/2000
10/4/2000
4/19/2000
4/19/2000
4/19/2000
4/19/2000
6/28/2000
6/28/2000
7/26/2000
7/26/2000
8/15/2000
8/15/2000
9/22/2000
9/22/2000
5/26/2000
5/26/2000
7/26/2000
7/26/2000
7/26/2000
7/26/2000
9/22/2000
9/22/2000
9/22/2000
1123
1431
1140
1140
1234
1234
1234
1234
1215
1215
1215
1215
1105
1105
1411
1411
1114
1114
1053
1053
1108
1108
1220
1220
1220
1220
1408
1408
1408
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.25
1
2
3
0.1
0.25
0.1
0.25
0.25
0.66
0.25
0.5
0.25
0.5
0.25
0.8
0.25
1
0.25
1
2
3
0.25
1
2
27.71
33.49
30.44
30.07
27.84
27.88
27.26
27.05
26.9
26.03
26.9
26.03
29.43
29.37
31.5
31.51
29.59
29.59
28.06
28
30.06
29.94
31.3
31.09
31.09
31.07
29.93
29.35
28.72
6.94
5.53
7.83
6.35
7.74
8.64
5.63
5.34
6.43
6.06
6.43
6.06
5.45
5.21
5.55
7.43
3.47
3.14
5.09
4.77
6.94
6.83
10.78
11.57
1.7
1.62
9.8
9.59
4.15
16.40
11.90
21.00
nd
31.80
31.90
32.20
32.30
4.83
7.47
4.83
7.47
10.70
10.80
21.30
21.30
32.70
32.80
30.50
30.50
0.70
0.70
3.40
3.50
16.20
27.00
5.50
6.00
18.80
27
20
22.1
nd
48.6
48.7
49.1
48.9
8.74
11.47
8.74
11.47
18.3
18.3
34.1
33.9
49.8
50
46.6
46.5
1.427
1.417
6.2
6.34
26.7
41.9
9.8
10.57
29.9
7.93
7.77
8.14
8.15
7.98
8.04
7.98
7.93
nd
nd
nd
nd
8.19
8.18
8.08
8.11
7.95
7.94
8.12
8.1
8.28
8.28
8.78
8.78
7.49
7.67
8.37
8.34
7.8
98.9
84.4
121.0
114.4
119.8
130.6
87.2
82.0
84.6
77.8
84.6
77.8
76.4
72.2
90.2
113.1
54.6
54.1
77.6
73.8
92.0
91.8
150.6
157.4
24.2
19.0
134.1
131.1
60.5
50
10
50
50
60
60
60
60
nd
nd
nd
nd
66
66
50
50
30
30
80
80
30
30
40
40
40
40
55
55
55
156
-------
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Mesquite Bay
Mesquite Bay
Mesquite Bay
Mesquite Bay
Mesquite Bay
Nueces Bay
Nueces Bay
Nueces Bay
Nueces Bay
Nueces Bay
Nueces Bay
Nueces Bay
Nueces Bay
Nueces Bay
Nueces Bay
Colorado River
Colorado River
Colorado River
Colorado River
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Mesquite Bay
Mesquite Bay
Mesquite Bay
Mesquite Bay
Mesquite Bay
Nueces River
Nueces River
Nueces River
Nueces River
Nueces River
Nueces River
Nueces River
Nueces River
Nueces River
Nueces River
TX 108
TX 108
TX 108
TX108
TX2
TX32
TX32
TX32
TX85
TX85
TX91
TX91
TX91
TX97
TX33
TX93
TX93
TX 100
TX 100
TX38
TX38
TX38
TX31
TX31
TX87
TX87
TX40
TX40
TX40
9/22/2000
9/22/2000
9/22/2000
9/22/2000
4/13/2000
5/17/2000
5/17/2000
5/17/2000
6/30/2000
6/30/2000
7/25/2000
7/25/2000
7/25/2000
9/29/2000
5/17/2000
7/24/2000
7/24/2000
10/4/2000
10/4/2000
4/19/2000
4/19/2000
4/19/2000
5/16/2000
5/16/2000
6/14/2000
6/14/2000
7/12/2000
7/12/2000
7/12/2000
1408
1408
1408
1408
1125
1430
1430
1430
1330
1330
1330
1330
1330
1400
1130
1233
1233
1030
1030
950
950
950
1334
1334
1527
1527
1403
1403
1403
3
4
5
7
0.19
0.25
1
2
0.25
1
0.25
1
1.89
0.25
0.25
0.4
0.79
0.5
1
0.25
1
1.3
0.25
0.4
0.25
1
0.25
1
1.5
28.6
28.44
28.17
27.96
20.42
26.24
26.26
26.18
29.92
29.9
30.55
30.29
30.29
23.52
25.82
30
30.1
27.78
27.35
24.74
24.73
24.73
28.12
28.09
28.76
28.73
30.72
29.47
29.14
3.71
3.85
2.8
2.07
7.56
6.07
5.74
5.51
4.59
4.47
6.58
6.25
4.19
nd
6.24
2.9**
2.9**
6.11
5.11
6.71
6.51
6.26
10.59
10.33
8.69
7.62
7.97
7.49
7.11
28.40
32.70
33.40
34.00
22.90
28.10
25.90
26.10
17.50
17.40
20.30
21.00
22.10
27.20
28.50
37.40
37.40
37.47
38.33
3.20
3.30
3.30
4.60
4.70
1.70
1.70
0.40
0.40
0.50
43.7
49.5
51.4
51.1
36.3
38.6
40.7
40.8
28.4
28.3
32.6
33.6
35.2
40
44.1
62.016
62.012
59.931
60.22
5.94
5.98
5.98
8.37
8.39
3,29
3.3
0.875
0.924
0.947
7.79
7.83
8.37
7.74
nd
8.01
7.99
7.99
7.98
7.97
8.28
8.27
8.14
8.34
8.01
8.21
8.2
7.8
7.79
8.53
8.53
8.52
8.81
8.82
8.79
8.71
8.66
8.63
8.57
56.6
59.5
44.8
33.1
95.7
89.1
85.8
82.6
nd
nd
102.7
98.5
58.5
nd
93.4
48.0**
47.2**
96.5
80.9
82.6
80.3
79.0
140.5
136.5
115.0
100.6
108.4
97.8
94.1
55
55
55
55
87
18
18
18
43
43
82
82
82
83
nd
51
51
55
55
24
24
24
37
37
35
35
32
32
32
157
-------
Nueces Bay
Nueces Bay
Nueces Bay
Nueces Bay
Nueces Bay
Nueces Bay
Nueces Bay
East Rats
East Hats
East Hats
East Hats
East Flats
East Hats
Oso Bay
Oso Bay
Oso Bay
Oso Bay
Oso Bay
Oso Bay
Oso Bay
Oso Bay
Oso Bay
Oso Bay
Oso Bay
Baffin Bay
Baffin Bay
Baffin Bay
Baffin Bay
Baffin Bay
Nueces River
Nueces River
Nueces River
Nueces River
Nueces River
Nueces River
Nueces River
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Oso Bay 1
Oso Bay 1
Oso Bay 1
Oso Bay 2
Oso Creek
Oso Creek
Oso Bay 2
Oso Bay 2
Oso Bay 2
Oso Bay 2
Oso Bay 2
Kraalz Pier
Kraatz Pier
Bayview Campground
Bayview Campground
Bayview Campground
TX34
TX34
TX34
TX36
TX36
TX36
TX36
TX8
TX 10
TX9
TX 111
TX 112
TX99
TX3
TX3
TX3
TX82
TX83
TX83
TX86
TX89
TX89
TX95
TX95
TX4
TX5
TX7
TX84
TX84
8/10/2000
8/10/2000
8/10/2000
9/7/2000
9/7/2000
9/7/2000
9/7/2000
4/18/2000
5/24/2000
6/21/2000
7/12/2000
8/14/2000
10/3/2000
4/13/2000
4/13/2000
4/13/2000
5/30/2000
6/20/2000
6/20/2000
7/12/2000
8/8/2000
8/8/2000
9/15/2000
9/15/2000
4/27/2000
4/27/2000
5/31/2000
6/21/2000
6/21/2000
1323
1323
1323
1255
1255
1255
1255
1100
1400
1000
0900
1100
1453
1700
1700
1700
1617
1215
1215
0945
1035
1035
1000
1000
1505
1505
1235
1007
1007
0.25
1
1.5
0.25
1
2
2.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.15
0.3
1.54
3.07
0.25
0.22
0.27
0.3
0.5
1.01
0.53
1.4
0.3
0.3
0.25
0.33
0.94
29.84
29.7
29.46
29.2
29.2
29.1
29.1
26
33
29.5
28
31
33.8
23.4
23.35
23.29
32.68
26.65
29.47
30.4
31.23
31.19
31.24
31.1
28.86
28.86
28.54
28.4
28.34
7.5
6.8
6.21
8
4
3.6
3.5
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
13.86
8.25
7.82
7.81
4.94
1.37
3.21
1.8
6.5
6.57
5.74
5.5
8.07
8.07
6.99
5.04
2.82
11.10
11.70
11.80
22.80
32.70
35.90
36.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.00
1.00
0.92
34.00
34.30
34.40
40.09
2.20
2.08
45.50
49.45
49.44
46.60
46.70
36.20
36.20
38.10
42.60
42.00
19.17
19.6
19.9
35.8
49.1
54.2
54.3
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
21.46
51.6
52
52.1
60.18
4.547
4.301
74.04
80.796
80.769
76.779
76.74
54.1
54.1
57.1
67.372
65.844
8.25
8.24
8.22
8.5
8.3
8.2
8.2
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
9.35
8.1
8.03
8.02
nd
7.13
nd
8.04
8.13
7.96
7.87
8.15
8.39
8.39
nd
7.86
7.63
103.1
97.6
88.4
122.9
64.1
59.2
59.4
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
196.9
124.0
118.5
116.8
85.7
16.7
44.5
32.1
115.3
115.8
100.1
95.5
135.6
135.6
113.4
60.2
35.4
25
25
25
36
36
36
36
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
15
nd
nd
nd
58
28
28
85
85
85
10
10
18
18
37
30
30
158
-------
Baffin Bay
Baffin Bay
Baffin Bay
Baffin Bay
Baffin Bay
Baffin Bay
Baffin Bay
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Bayview Campground
Bayview Campground
Bayview Campground
Bayview Campground
Bayview Campground
Bayview Campground
Bayview Campground
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
TX90
TX90
TX92
TX92
TX92
TX96
TX96
TX 1
TX 1
TX 1
TX6
TX6
TX6
TX94
TX94
7/28/2000
7/28/2000
8/24/2000
8/24/2000
8/24/2000
9/28/2000
9/28/2000
4/6/2000
4/6/2000
4/6/2000
6/13/2000
6/13/2000
6/13/2000
8/9/2000
8/9/2000
1505
1505
1740
1740
1740
1230
1230
1730
1730
1730
1205
1205
1205
1600
1600
0.25
0.88
0.25
0.5
0.95
0.6
0.69
0.3
0.6
1.3
0.19
0.72
1.27
0.25
0.7
30.72
30.74
32.25
32.2
32.23
22.93
23.37
24.78
24.72
24.5
30.38
31.13
29.97
31.23
31.21
6.32
6.23
6.65
6.81
6.68
9.71
9.81
9.94
10.04
9.22
2.51
2.34
2.19
7.2
7.75
50.50
50.46
54.93
54.72
54.66
60.59
60.60
17.50
17.60
17.10
10.11
10.16
10.20
20.10
20.20
81.551
81.522
79.14
78.88
78.8
82.284
83.02
28.5
28.6
28.7
19.09
19.073
19.073
32.2
32.4
7.51
8.03
8.01
8.07
8.07
8.22
8.31
8.28
8.3
8.26
7.9
7.82
7.62
8.16
8.18
112.5
110.1
123.1
126.2
123.1
160.4
163.5
133.5
142.0
127.2
35.3
32.9
29.6
113.5
119.5
14
14
33
33
33
40.5
40.5
51
51
51
60
60
60
40
40
159
-------
Table B.6. Physical-chemical data for Pfiesteria sampling stations in Texas in 2001. (nd=no data)
Minor System
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bay
Location
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bayou
Sample ID
TX 101
TX 101
TX 109
TX 109
TX 164
TX 164
TX 161
TX 161
TX 167
TX167
TX167
TX 171
TX 171
TX 174
TX 174
TX 178
TX 178
TX 180
TX 180
TX 186
TX 186
TX 188
TX 188
TX 126
TX 126
TX 103
Date
Collected
4/10/2001
4/10/2001
4/25/2001
4/25/2001
5/9/2001
5/9/2001
5/24/2001
5/24/2001
6/5/2001
6/5/2001
6/5/2001
6/20/2001
6/20/2001
7/3/2001
7/3/2001
7/19/2001
7/19/2001
8/3/2001
8/3/2001
8/17/2001
8/17/2001
9/4/2001
9/4/2001
9/28/2001
9/28/2001
4/10/2001
Time
Collected
0919
0919
1100
1100
1545
1545
0800
0800
0850
0850
0850
0905
0905
1700
1700
0853
0853
0907
0907
1414
1414
1200
1200
1005
1005
1016
Depth
(m)
0.5
1.2
0.5
1
0.5
1
0.5
1
0.5
I
1.5
0.5
0.8
0.5
0.8
0.25
0.9
0.5
0.8
0.5
0.8
0.5
1
0.5
1
0.5
Water
Temperature
(deg C)
24.43
24.44
22.29
22.05
28.27
27,36
25.06
24.97
27.82
27.9
27.88
29.15
29.15
30.82
30.39
30.58
30.61
30.25
30.19
32.95
30.9
28.43
27.76
21.91
21.98
24.22
DO
(mg/L)
8.07
8.24
6.22
6.13
13.34
9.84
5.86
5.82
5.59
5.3
5.14
5.73
5.6
13.95
10.5
3.66
3.43
5.41
5.44
14.01
9.33
2.53
2.18
7.53
7.75
5.68
Salinity
(PPt)
0.40
0.40
0.60
0.60
1.10
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.30
1.50
1.50
0.18
0.18
0.20
0.20
0.88
0.97
0.60
0.60
2.90
3.10
0.10
0.10
0.50
0.60
0.40
Conductivity
(mS/cm)
0.889
0.887
1.086
1.106
2.05
1.99
1.83
1.84
2.46
2.84
2.67
0.367
0.373
0.425
0.429
1.81
1.9
1.154
1.28
5.35
5.59
0.193
0.197
0.96
1.172
0.843
pH
nd
nd
8.2
8.17
9.11
8.89
8.62
8.58
8.83
8.87
8.86
8.92
8.93
9.43
9.23
8.83
8.82
8.73
8.71
9.41
8.96
7.19
7.17
8.43
8.25
nd
Percent
Saturation
98.5
100.5
72.4
69.3
174
125
71.3
70.7
72.3
68.8
67.1
76.1
72.8
185
142.8
48.9
46.2
71.7
72.3
nd
126.1
32.5
28
85.8
88.8
68.8
Secchi Disk
(cm)
25
25
20
20
20
20
15
15
20
20
20
30
30
20
20
20
20
35
35
35
35
35
35
25
25
25
160
-------
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Malagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
TX 110
TX 169
TX 169
TX 165
TX168
TX168
TX 172
TX175
TX 175
TX 177
TX 181
TX 181
TX 184
TX 184
TX 187
TX187
TX 190
TX 190
TX 107
TX 162
TX 163
TX 166
TX 170
TX 170
TX 173
TX 173
TX 176
TX 176
TX 179
TX 182
4/25/2001
5/9/2001
5/9/2001
5/24/2001
6/5/2001
6/5/2001
6/20/2001
7/3/2001
7/3/2001
7/19/2001
8/3/2001
8/3/2001
8/17/2001
8/17/2001
9/4/2001
9/4/2001
9/18/2001
9/18/2001
4/10/2001
4/25/2001
5/9/2001
5/24/2001
6/5/2001
6/5/2001
6/20/2001
6/20/2001
7/3/2001
7/3/2001
7/19/2001
8/3/2001
1156
1321
1321
0924
0955
0955
1000
1550
1550
1022
1038
1038
1256
1256
1000
1000
1531
1531
1208
1517
1108
1123
1145
1145
1130
1130
1016
1016
1150
1510
0.5
0.5
0.8
0.5
0.5
1
0.5
0.5
1.5
0.25
0.5
1.5
0.5
1.5
0.5
2.5
0.5
1
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
1
0.5
0.8
0.5
0.8
0.25
0.5
23.16
26.8
26.65
26.5
28.84
28.82
30.98
30.72
30.09
31.64
30.9
30.76
32.36
30.5
28.44
28.29
31.27
30.6
23.04
23.55
25.67
26.28
27.65
27.63
29.65
29.6
28.35
28.35
30.9
31.38
3.56
7.94
8.24
6.22
6.23
6.17
6.42
6.02
4.38
6.08
5.14
4.72
9.68
4.15
4.11
3.89
7.47
7.95
6.01
6.01
3.79
5.53
5.13
5.08
2.05
2.92
4.63
4.71
3.2
4.75
1.00
1.00
1.10
3.60
6.10
6.10
0.19
0.30
0.30
3.10
6.40
6.50
10.60
11.20
0.10
0.10
0.70
0.80
12.90
10.20
10.20
30.80
29.30
28.40
20.60
22.20
13.20
13.60
30.40
27.10
1.79
1.93
1.72
8.58
10.79
10.78
0.4
0.567
0.6
5.71
11.26
11.33
17.7
19.7
0.197
0.19
1.29
1.57
21.8
15.8
16.7
26.26
45
43.9
33.2
35.1
22.6
22.7
46.3
42.4
7.57
8.62
8.61
8
8.02
8.01
7.81
8.08
7.84
7.88
7.84
7.81
8.15
7.73
7.19
7.25
8.16
7.95
nd
8.07
8.26
7.84
7.74
7.72
7.8
7.83
7.97
7.98
7.71
7.68
41.4
98.6
99
79.4
84.2
83.2
86
80.8
56.4
85.1
71.5
66.7
142.8
61.2
52.7
50.7
101.4
76.4
79.3
75.7
49.2
83.7
77.7
76.7
30.3
44.5
66.6
65.1
51.8
75.8
20
30
30
35
50
50
40
30
30
45
50
50
55
55
35
35
35
35
30
40
30
30
25
25
50
50
60
60
50
45
161
-------
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
East Flats
East Flats
East Flats
Kasl Flats
East Flats
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
TX 182
TX 183
TX 183
TX185
TX 185
TX 189
TX189
TX133
TX345
TX345
TX345
TX335
TX335
TX 121
TX 121
TX 122
TX 122
TX358
TX358
TX358
TX337
TX337
TX337
TX 127
TX 127
TX 141
TX 142
TX301
TX302
TX 303
8/3/2001
8/17/2001
8/17/2001
8/31/2001
8/31/2001
9/18/2001
9/18/2001
4/19/2001
6/20/2001
6/20/2001
6/20/2001
6/28/2001
6/28/2001
7/1 1/2001
7/11/2001
8/6/2001
8/6/2001
8/15/2001
8/15/2001
8/15/2001
9/19/2001
9/19/2001
9/19/2001
9/27/2001
9/27/2001
4/10/2001
4/25/2001
5/8/2001
5/24/2001
6/12/2001
1510
1036
1036
1130
1130
1126
1126
1400
1215
1215
1215
1320
1320
1248
1248
1640
1640
1215
1215
1215
1330
1330
1330
1225
1225
1415
1445
1115
1120
0900
0.8
0.5
0.8
0.5
0.8
0.5
0.8
0.25
0.25
1
1.3
0.25
1.19
0.25
1
0.25
1.5
0.15
1
1.5
0.5
3ft
6ft
0.5
1
0.1
0.1
0.25
0.25
0.25
31.33
29.91
29.67
27.46
27.44
29.03
28.94
21.96
30.62
30.63
30.63
29.61
29.5
31.15
31.14
31.79
31.79
29.84
29.65
28.7
30.05
30.05
30.05
22.86
22.63
30.1
26.6
26.15
28.4
27.7
4.57
3.44
3.32
4.99
5.08
4.75
4.62
nd
7.34
6.8
6.88
6.04
5.13
6.76
6.73
6.46
6.46
5.97
5.99
5.61
7.76
7.76
7.76
8.6
8.54
19.09
19.15
14.4
12.82
7.13
27.70
28.50
27.70
12.70
12.70
0.70
0.70
16.00
20.30
20.10
20.10
16.30
16.30
20.90
20.90
23.03
23.03
21.00
21.20
21.90
2.10
2.10
2.10
4.40
4.40
0.67
1.29
1.23
1.24
1.05
43
44.3
44
21.4
21.6
1.26
1.382
26.3
32.5
32.3
32.2
26.8
26.7
33.4
33.5
30.59
36.42
33.6
33.8
34.9
3.91
4.03
5.26
7.93
8
1.353
2.563
2.405
2.437
2.054
7.67
7.62
7.61
7.66
7.63
7.54
7.5
nd
8.19
8.19
8.2
8.02
8.02
8.08
8.08
8.14
8.14
nd
nd
nd
8.46
8.47
8.28
8.12
8.12
nd
nd
nd
nd
9.17
72.6
51.9
56.8
69.1
69.7
62
59.9
nd
111
102.9
104
nd
nd
105.8
105.8
100.6
100.7
89.3
89.6
82.9
104.1
99.9
79.3
104.7
103.5
252.6
236.2
179
165.2
89.3
45
55
55
45
45
25
25
32
41
41
41
16
16
55
55
71
71
53
53
53
30
30
30
30
30
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
162
-------
East Rats
East Rats
East Flats
East Rats
East Flats
East Rats
East Rats
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Port Aransas Birding Center XX 304
Port Aransas Birding Center TX 305
Port Aransas Birding Center TX 306
Port Aransas Birding Center TX 307
Port Aransas Birding Center TX 308
Port Aransas Birding Center TX 309
Port Aransas Birding Center TX 3 1 0
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park TX 140
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park TX 140
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park TX 140
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park TX 1 39
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park TX 139
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park TX 1 34
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park TX 1 37
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park TX 137
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park TX 356
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park TX 136
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park TX 1 36
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park TX 1 36
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park TX 338
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park TX 338
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park TX 132
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park TX 1 32
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park TX 343
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park TX 343
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park TX 1 3 1
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park TX 1 3 1
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park TX 336
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park TX 336
6/26/2001
7/10/2001
7/31/2001
8/14/2001
8/30/2001
9/15/2001
9/27/2001
4/9/2001
4/9/2001
4/9/2001
4/23/2001
4/23/2001
5/9/2001
5/24/2001
5/24/2001
6/7/2001
6/19/2001
6/19/2001
6/19/2001
7/10/2001
7/10/2001
7/24/2001
7/24/2001
8/13/2001
8/13/2001
8/29/2001
8/29/2001
9/12/2001
9/12/2001
0900
1000
0900
0900
0930
1000
1000
1813
1813
1813
1217
1217
1325
1420
1420
1947
1310
1310
1310
1223
1223
1403
1403
1815
1815
1354
1354
1434
1434
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.61
1.22
0.25
1
0.75
0.25
1
0.25
0.25
1
1.5
0.25
0.97
0.25
1
0.25
0.78
0.25
1
0.25
0.91
26.85
28.38
27.52
26.44
25.67
26.87
22.7
27.04
27.12
27
25.8
25.5
27.71
28.2
28
31.2
29.3
28.9
28.9
31.51
31
30.8
30.7
31.68
31.63
29
28.9
30.55
30.51
5.24
8.15
5.08
5.68
10.38
7.96
8.31
8.66
8.81
8.25
7
6.8
8.58
8.8
8.8
4.35
10.5
8.1
0.7
9.06
7.5
7.5
7.4
7.5
6.87
5.3
4.8
13.93**
13.2**
1.35
0.96
0.96
7.04
0.83
1.18
1.15
20.13
20.28
20.25
16.00
18.00
11.40
15.70
15.80
17.29
2.20
2.30
2.60
17.20
17.20
20.30
20.40
20.10
20.50
16.00
16.20
10.10
10.20
2.717
1.912
1.827
2.042
1.638
2.314
2.24
33.561
33.856
33.794
nd
nd
10.13
nd
nd
31.662
nd
nd
nd
27.9
28
nd
nd
32.3
32.8
nd
nd
17.92
17.4
8.92
8.59
10.37
10.81
8.78
8.81
nd
8.44
8.38
8.27
nd
nd
8.58
nd
nd
8.18
nd
nd
nd
8.83
8.82
nd
nd
8.67
8.64
nd
nd
8.79
8.77
65.4
104.9
61
71.7
127.7
102.5
98.7
121
125
116
nd
nd
140.2
nd
nd
67.9
137.9
107.7
3.2
130
116.2
nd
nd
118
109.5
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
42
42
43
nd
nd
38
nd
nd
40
nd
nd
nd
32
32
nd
nd
31
31
nd
nd
40
40
163
-------
Table B-7 Nutrient data for Pfiesteria sampling stations in Texas in 2000. (nd=no data)
Location
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Tabbs Bay
Tabbs Bay
Tabbs Bay
Clear Lake
Clear Creek
Clear Creek
Armand Bayou
Armand Bayou
Armand Bayou
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 2
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou I
Moses Bayou
Moses Lake
Moses Bayou
Sample
ID
TX 17
TX 18
TX26
TX61
TX67
TX74
TX80
TX 19
TX62
TX78
TX20
TX30
TX27
TX66
TX75
TX39
TX 11
TX 12
TX28
TX72
TX76
TX35
TX21
TX65
TX37
Date Chlorophyll a
Collected (ug/L)
(mean)
4/25/2000
4/25/2000
6/1/2000
6/23/2000
7/12/2000
8/2/2000
9/15/2000
4/26/2000
6/23/2000
8/10/2000
4/26/2000
5/1 1/2000
6/21/2000
7/10/2000
8/7/2000
9/20/2000
4/19/2000
4/19/2000
6/21/2000
7/26/2000
8/7/2000
9/20/2000
5/1 1/2000
7/7/2000
9/20/2000
2.83
2.83
7
7.95
12.43
4.19
15.6
3.81
8.15
8.03
14.65
44.93
57.25
49
53.75
119
17.5
17.5
8.26
11.63
10.93
36.88
6.875
13.43
35.5
Chlorophyll a Silicate
(ug/L) (ug/L)
(s.e.) (mean)
1.78
1.78
0.5
0.6
5.15
2.65
3.3
0.95
0.5
3
3.1
0.25
0.5
35
10
30
0
0
3.75
1.7
1.3
8.50
4.8
5.35
11
37.5
37.5
50.585
41.13
55.24
53.54
52.92
64.55
35.59
71.87
51.155
40.68
59.24
76.905
60.37
33.79
124.545
124.545
86.145
70.1
75.26
32.46
35.78
66.08
57.41
Silicate
(ug/L)
(s.e.)
5.99
5.99
2.085
0
0.15
0
0
2.98
0
0
4.715
0
10.87
0.935
0
0
2.405
2.405
24.115
0
0
0
3.68
0.56
0
Phosphate
(ug/L)
(mean)
0.235
0.235
0.475
5.03
0.41
7.11
7.16
5.66
9.66
14.28
4.38
10.49
11.085
16.575
15.73
9.79
4.435
4.435
3.125
1.98
7.06
5.04
0.23
2.385
7.06
Phosphate Nitrate+Nitrite Nitrate+Nitrite Ammonium
(ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L)
(s.e.) (mean) (s.e.) (mean)
0.025
0.025
0.085
0
0.01
0
0
0.34
0
0
0.17
0
2.155
0.595
0
0
0.105
0.105
0.535
0
0
0
0.13
0.035
0
0.805
0.805
3.515
8.98
0.405
0.93
0.12
39.08
0.24
24.82
15.82
29.98
5.375
1.535
0.37
0.3
18.35
18.35
1.49
0.55
0.28
0.37
0.21
0.085
0.35
0.015
0.015
0.215
0
0.015
0
0
0.79
0
0
1.43
0
1.415
0.075
0
0
1.08
1.08
0.57
0
0
0
0
0.005
0
0.97
0.97
1.085
0.22
0.17
0.28
0
11.92
0.27
0.19
0.695
0.27
0.265
0.23
0.2
0.28
17.525
17.525
5.3
0.27
0.27
0.07
0.83
0.05
0.09
Ammonium DIN
(ug/L) (ug/L)
(s.e.)
0.16
0.16
0.025
0
0.02
0
0
0.18
0
0
0.115
0
0.155
0.03
0
0
0.495
0.495
0.9
0
0
0
0.23
0.04
0
1.775
1.775
4.6
9.2
0.575
1.21
0.12
51
0.51
25.01
16.515
30.25
5.64
1.765
0.57
0.58
35.875
35.875
6.79
0.82
0.55
0.44
1.04
0.135
0.44
DON
(ug/L)
17.875
17.875
29.245
18.015
42.405
20.22
20.785
49.71
21.84
21.09
35.44
37.865
25.41
53.53
50.455
50
45.16
45.16
nd
28.65
34.81
55.255
20.415
25.205
47.115
TON
(ug/L)
19.65
19.65
33.845
27.215
42.98
21.43
20.905
100.71
22.35
46.1
51.955
68.115
31.05
55.295
51.025
50.58
81.035
81.035
nd
29.47
35.36
55.695
21.45
25.34
47.555
164
-------
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Oyster Creek
Swan Lake
Oyster Creek
Intracoastal Waterway
Jones Creek
Intracoastal Waterway
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Colorado River
Colorado River
Colorado River
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Mesquite Bay
Mesquite Bay
TX15
TX 16
TX22
TX29
TX73
TX77
TX 105
TX24
TX68
TX104
TX25
TX69
TX 106
TX 13
TX 14
TX64
TX71
TX79
TX102
TX23
TX70
TX 108
TX2
TX32
TX85
TX91
TX97
TX33
TX93
4/19/2000
4/19/2000
5/15/2000
6/21/2000
7/27/2000
8/9/2000
10/4/2000
5/30/2000
7/20/2000
10/4/2000
5/30/2000
7/20/2000
10/4/2000
4/19/2000
4/19/2000
6/28/2000
7/26/2000
8/15/2000
9/22/2000
5/26/2000
7/26/2000
9/22/2000
4/13/2000
5/17/2000
6/30/2000
7/25/2000
9/29/2000
5/17/2000
7/24/2000
7.78
7.78
17.8
24.6
45.13
19.71
15
13.13
8.33
9.11
5.53
69.75
54.75
2.26
2.26
5.64
8.61
1.204
10.06
12.65
106.25
23.64
4.53
9.55
19.4
12.33
7.39
9.2
7.63
3.5
3.5
0
5.7
9.75
0.55
2.1
4.35
1.15
7.15
0.15
9.5
14
1.745
1.745
3.05
4.95
0.27
8.25
0.9
50.5
9.45
1.9
1.9
0.8
3.55
0.95
1.4
0.15
43.17
43.17
67.65
63.14
68.495
72.63
48.93
128.02
11.12
51.31
135.44
85.9
22.55
96.245
96.245
200
42.16
39.36
16.47
173.29
139.01
59.35
69.535
85.905
69.765
130.85
91.21
96.08
82.3
0.69
0.69
1.27
0.03
0.295
0
0
12.35
0
0
2.89
0
0
4.855
4.855
8.13
0
0
0
3.9
0
0
0.705
0.745
0.025
8.95
0
0
0.31
0.06
0.06
0.575
0.375
0.495
13.86
12.31
3.02
12.27
10.06
8.965
19.79
11.21
10.18
10.18
9.75
14.08
13.78
18.74
6.36
3.56
10.32
0.3
0.595
0.79
0.995
10.41
1.02
0.865
0.06
0.06
0.025
0.015
0.005
0
0
0.27
0
0
0.105
0
0
0.27
0.27
0.18
0
0
0
0.19
0
0
0.03
0.005
0
0.145
0
0
0.015
0.125
0.125
0.105
0.065
0.065
0.13
0.18
21.72
5.79
0.19
27.16
5.59
17.57
54.145
54.145
1.38
0.56
5.8
2.17
32.39
0.73
38.4
0.69
1.365
0.135
nd
nd
0.87
0.08
0.005
0.005
0.025
0.015
0.015
0
0
3.17
0
0
0.06
0
0
0.005
0.005
0.02
0
0
0
0.4
0
0
0.02
0.015
0.005
nd
0
0
0.04
0.3
0.3
0.39
0.215
0.285
0.11
0.23
9.805
0.44
0.26
3.735
0.51
0.27
18.905
18.905
0.72
0.2
4.25
0.21
4.91
0.32
0.26
0.5
1.73
0.12
0.295
0.25
0.78
0.015
0.07
0.07
0.02
0.195
0.025
0
0
1.025
0
0
0.125
0
0
0.025
0.025
0.05
0
0
0
0.01
0
0
0.24
0.03
0.06
0.185
0
0
0.065
0.425
0.425
0.495
0.28
0.35
0.24
0.41
31.525
6.23
0.45
30.895
6.1
17.84
73.05
73.05
2.1
0.76
10.05
2.38
37.3
1.05
38.66
1.19
3.095
0.255
0.295
0.12
1.65
0.095
25.71
25.71
24.55
21.875
26.335
37.22
26.05
21.215
41.205
29.185
49.745
218.675
26.455
104.87
104.87
36.015
31.02
21.11
26.615
32.125
17.29
19.57
19.73
nd
31.55
27.95
50.145
22.715
19.96
26.135
26.135
25.045
22.155
26.685
37.46
26.46
52.74
47.435
29.635
80.64
224.775
44.295
177.92
177.92
38.115
31.78
31.16
28.995
69.425
18.34
58.23
20.92
nd
31.805
28.245
50.265
24.365
20.055
165
-------
Mesquite Bay
Nueces River
Nueces River
Nueces River
Nueces River
Nueces River
Nueces River
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Oso Bay I
Oso Bay 2
Oso Creek
Oso Bay 2
Oso Bay 2
Oso Bay 2
Kraatz Pier
Kraatz Pier
Bayview Campground
Bayview Campground
Bayview Campground
Bayview Campground
Bayview Campground
TX100
TX38
TX31
TX87
TX40
TX34
TX36
TX8
TX 10
TX9
TX111
TX 112
TX99
TX3
TX82
TX83
TX86
TX89
TX95
TX4
TX5
TX7
TX84
TX90
TX92
TX96
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park TX 1
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park TX 6
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park TX 94
10/4/2000
4/19/2000
5/16/2000
6/14/2000
7/12/2000
8/10/2000
9/7/2000
4/18/2000
5/24/2000
6/21/2000
7/12/2000
8/14/2000
10/3/2000
4/13/2000
5/30/2000
6/20/2000
7/12/2000
8/8/2000
9/15/2000
4/27/2000
4/27/2000
5/31/2000
6/21/2000
7/28/2000
8/24/2000
9/28/2000
4/6/2000
6/13/2000
8/9/2000
23.58
37.63
39.25
31.75
8.48
5.73
47.63
15.31
37.15
67.4
110.6
0
134.13
6
6.11
25.93
4.5
3.05
2.72
26.75
26.75
61.5
9.04
16.9
7.06
64.63
11.89
19.25
13.5
1.6
0.5
0.9
6
5.5
0
5.5
2.95
2.75
0.5
1.1
0
7.5
0.7
1.05
8.3
0.3
0
0.15
6
6
0
8.15
13.4
0
1.5
17.05
7
0
81.35
213.225
155.24
347.195
87.94
237.13
216.47
339.625
272.18
49.65
198.9
153.4
199.66
74.57
143.025
260.275
55.14
75.12
83.19
189.75
214.215
199.205
180.655
101.69
133.59
Nd
227.275
304.42
188.01
0
12.815
3.65
0.415
9.09
0
0
2.505
22.15
17.87
14.6
0
0
6.2
0.115
1.695
0.14
0
0
7.56
3.785
5.255
11.145
0.7
0
nd
16.155
2.91
0
15.64
5.41
3.325
4.32
5.925
8.92
11.2
80.235
29.41
7.885
29.5
9.39
17.64
0.235
0.13
8.635
0.09
13.03
14.48
1.67
1.965
0.315
0.815
0.185
18.15
nd
7.06
73.685
13.35
0
0.07
0.065
0.05
0.135
0
0
2.695
1.81
1.085
1.5
0
0
0.005
0.01
0.055
0.02
0
0
0.06
0.015
0.005
0.065
0.035
0
nd
0.16
0.535
0
1.08
5.525
1.435
0.105
0.17
0.76
5.07
103.24
418.015
52.3
347.65
88.28
88.36
1.31
0.59
0.2
0.32
0.66
1
1.86
1.205
0.57
2.08
0.64
0.17
nd
53.295
326.75
4.05
0
0.335
1.105
0.015
0
0
0
0.67
17.115
18.86
2.55
0
0
0.13
0.04
0
0.02
0
0
0.07
0.045
0.06
0.04
0.11
0
nd
2.835
20.65
0
0
18.565
4.145
0.845
0.08
0.67
0.12
9.97
11.035
8.505
126.85
3.39
0.3
4.025
0.945
0.71
2.52
0.81
0.44
0
0.925
0.09
9.585
0.15
0.21
nd
0.06
24.99
0.88
0
1.125
3.245
0.005
0.03
0
0
0.03
2.165
1.065
5.25
0
0
0.265
0.025
0.01
0.03
0
0
0
0.575
0.02
0.415
0.05
0
nd
0.06
0.31
0
1.08
24.09
5.58
0.95
0.25
1.43
5.19
113.21
429.05
60.805
474.5
91.67
88.66
5.335
1.535
0.91
2.84
1.47
1.44
1.86
2.13
0.66
11.665
0.79
0.38
nd
53.355
351.74
4.93
50.555 51.635
30.16 54.25
43.62 49.2
29.655 30.605
28.39 28.64
26.3 27.73
43.265 48.455
1191.155 1304.37
376.21 805.26
499.47 560.275
94.08 568.58
749.46 841.13
747.575 836.235
33.15 38.485
63.67 65.205
48.495 49.405
51.88 54.72
53.645 55.115
40.84 42.28
nd nd
nd nd
102.53 103.19
74.015 85.68
100.02 100.81
87.915 88.295
nd nd
35.945 89.3
nd 120.235
34.51 39.44
166
-------
Table B-8. Nutrient data for Pfiesteria sampling stations in Texas in 2001. (nd=no data)
Location
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Sample
ID
TX101
TX 109
TX 164
TX 161
TX 167
TX171
TX 174
TX 178
TX180
TX 186
TX 188
TX 126
TX103
TX 110
TX 169
TX165
TX 168
TX 172
TX 175
TX 177
TX 181
TX 184
TX 187
TX 190
TX 107
TX 162
Date Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll a Silicate
Collected (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L)
(mean) (stdev) (mean)
4/10/2001
4/25/2001
5/9/2001
5/24/2001
6/5/2001
6/20/2001
7/3/2001
7/19/2001
8/3/2001
8/17/2001
9/4/2001
9/28/2001
4/10/2001
4/25/2001
5/9/2001
5/24/2001
6/5/2001
6/20/2001
7/3/2001
7/19/2001
8/3/2001
8/17/2001
9/4/2001
9/18/2001
4/10/2001
4/25/2001
85.25
68.75
168.25
106.75
149.50
78.75
161.00
14.05
65.50
150.75
1.85
81.75
15.58
12.86
80.75
39.75
53.75
83.50
60.75
7.78
37.25
52.13
1.36
30.50
5.12
9.28
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
82.37
229.08
180.40
298.60
69.21
72.08
28.19
42.11
17,63
30.28
41.92
30.77
94.65
384.40
250.81
169.05
34.26
92.69
90.53
26.67
46.68
17.34
31.90
100.07
133.60
268.57
Silicate Phosphate Phosphate Nitrate+NitriteNitrate+Nitrite Ammonium Ammonium
(ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L)
(stdev) (mean) (stdev) (mean) (stdev) (mean) (stdev)
74.837
0.861
0.098
109.670
4.699
3.271
0.293
1.956
nd
12.756
11.291
1.193
87.937
90.767
31.097
20.374
0.740
14.526
4.073
2.099
3.228
5.015
12.827
2.876
12.499
58.521
6.78
8.58
15.72
12.67
18.11
7.41
10.32
11.01
4.76
8.43
4.97
6.20
5,39
2.71
2.74
3.18
7.46
3.18
1.19
1.74
3.72
2.94
4.91
2.61
1.45
1.04
0.612
0.040
0.645
0.920
3.141
0.039
1.027
2.001
nd
0.163
0.083
0.204
1.293
0.381
0.189
0.083
0.165
0.047
0.024
0.007
0.980
0.259
0.229
0.052
0.009
0.011
14.21
11.17
10.90
5.79
19.44
20.63
40.55
5.72
11.81
1.25
6.15
38.62
14.30
12.43
3.38
1.56
15.76
8.85
4.12
0.70
3.20
12.94
2.12
0.92
23.16
4.77
4.179
0.249
0.659
1.007
0.592
0.570
0.310
0.143
nd
0.540
0.642
0.295
1.711
0.130
0.198
0.038
0.177
0.292
0.023
0.166
0.011
0.331
1.057
0.140
0.194
0.026
0.38
0.27
0.21
3.77
12.02
0.69
0.00
12.57
9.53
1.10
9.39
0.77
13.04
12.00
2.70
0.07
11.68
0.73
0.99
1.08
4.73
0.27
2.33
0.87
5.13
1.95
0.194
0.019
0.037
0.194
0.129
0.205
nd
0.906
nd
0.175
0.503
0.186
1.852
0.316
0.093
0.019
0.013
0.062
0.067
0.305
0.022
nd
0.091
0.075
0.006
0.061
DIN
(ug/L)
14.59
11.44
11.11
9.56
31.47
21.32
40.55
18.29
21.34
2.34
15.54
39.39
27.34
24.43
6.07
1.63
27.44
9.58
5.11
1.77
7.92
13.21
4.46
1.80
28.29
6.71
DON
(ug/L)
26.24
43.94
53.44
61.99
35.52
25.33
32.47
11.34
24.90
21.65
45.64
16.40
71.85
42.43
38.50
42.20
19.00
24.90
18.82
24.23
59.08
13.75
16.36
29.68
27.69
30.36
TON
(ug/L)
40.84
55.39
64.55
71.56
66.99
46.65
73.02
29.63
46.24
24.00
61.18
55.79
99.20
66.86
44.58
43.83
46.44
34.48
23.93
26.00
67.00
26.96
20.82
31.48
55.99
37.08
167
-------
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
TX 163
TX166
TX 170
TX173
TX176
TX 179
TX 182
TX183
TX 185
TX 189
TX 133
TX345
TX335
TX 121
TX 122
TX358
TX337
TX 127
TX 141
TX 142
TX301
TX302
TX303
TX304
TX 305
TX306
TX307
TX308
TX309
TX310
5/9/2001
5/24/2001
6/5/2001
6/20/2001
7/3/2001
7/19/2001
8/3/2001
8/17/2001
8/31/2001
9/18/2001
4/19/2001
6/20/2001
6/28/2001
7/11/2001
8/6/2001
8/15/2001
9/19/2001
9/27/2001
4/10/2001
4/25/2001
5/8/2001
5/24/2001
6/12/2001
6/26/2001
7/10/2001
7/31/2001
8/14/2001
8/30/2001
9/15/2001
9/27/2001
18.44
6.39
7.08
8.41
11.13
4.63
7.34
8.36
28.81
42.63
11.48
nd
nd
6.99
25.20
12.68
17.63
23.00
306.75
149.50
158.00
85.30
105.30
90.40
146.30
126.70
40.40
65.90
91.40
48.40
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
274.27
80.87
18.70
36.66
22.68
9.79
29.05
45.89
19.62
62.39
154.19
40.33
22.94
26.12
48.35
38.59
48.24
15.32
404.07
217.62
250.29
88.24
728.84
71.81
85.11
91.84
76.91
74.50
81.36
98.37
57.754
0.093
0.183
2.078
1.175
0.439
1.087
0.470
3.502
5.529
9.274
0.677
3.942
3.764
0.342
1.448
45.514
4.687
73.421
18.219
13.805
nd
4.440
1.693
0.456
0.048
0.555
0.831
1.239
1.957
0.18
0.64
0.91
4.40
1.19
0.74
2.47
3.39
6.52
21.63
0.51
2.01
0.72
0.39
0.95
3.38
4.13
3.64
14.97
3.50
5.29
42.22
28.34
42.03
45.56
53.56
43.70
39.13
48.42
62.18
0.033
0.052
0.025
0.157
0.221
0.028
0.039
0.118
0.294
0.008
0.078
1.682
0.101
0.063
0.071
1.296
0.085
0.049
0.428
0.084
0.497
nd
2.468
1.649
2.111
2.185
0.375
2.008
5.073
1.363
0.11
0.83
3.08
2.73
1.30
1.83
3.43
1.57
2.22
5.19
0.83
1.19
1.10
0.23
0.96
0.96
12.78
9.52
95.69
93.52
87.58
72.58
94.09
73.81
74.24
78.53
78.06
73.98
72.37
71.37
0.035
0.079
0.135
0.132
0.352
0.004
0.916
0.086
0.403
0.081
0.119
1.253
0.490
0.059
0.145
0.037
0.117
0.563
0.301
0.331
0.772
nd
1.027
0.400
0.525
0.338
0.433
0.221
0.157
3.267
0.03
1.43
6.83
7.40
2.21
3.49
6.29
2.11
7.35
6.97
0.13
0.23
0.36
0.60
0.88
7.54
1.15
0.23
0.33
0.33
5.27
15.88
52.69
88.09
117.32
31.16
41.55
28.86
62.44
67.88
0.025
0.079
0.063
0.097
0.141
0.866
0.312
0.769
0.510
0.035
0.033
nd
nd
0.105
0.244
3.049
0.409
nd
0.062
0.038
0.107
nd
1.080
7.293
4.811
0.858
0.103
0.692
2.535
0.750
0.14
2.26
9.91
10.13
3.51
5.32
9.72
3.68
9.57
12.16
0.96
1.43
1.47
0.83
1.84
8.50
13.93
9.74
96.02
93.85
92.86
88.46
146.78
161.90
191.56
109.70
119.61
102.84
134.80
139.25
44.15
23.04
9.03
20.77
21.14
14.08
35.20
18.56
8.82
28.72
24.85
944.39
44.38
26.55
23.81
55.74
23.73
12.45
609.20
363.72
337.32
1044.29
704.77
173.27
141.21
686.11
725.67
869.52
805.02
1119.27
44.29
25.30
18.95
30.90
24.66
19.40
44.93
22.24
18.40
40.88
25.81
945.82
45.85
27.38
25.65
64.25
37.66
22.19
705.22
457.57
430.18
1132.75
851.56
335.17
332.77
795.81
845.28
972.36
939.83
1258.53
168
-------
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
TX 140
TX 139
TX 134
TX 137
TX356
TX 136
TX338
TX 132
TX343
TX131
TX336
4/9/2001
4/23/2001
5/9/2001
5/24/2001
6/7/2001
6/19/2001
7/10/2001
7/24/2001
8/13/2001
8/29/2001
9/12/2001
11.74
18.56
20.90
nd
53.81
nd
nd
34.81
31.50
24.50
96.38
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
325.82
434.45
44.94
nd
41.45
73.08
38.71
52.61
73.09
68.63
96.55
34.395
52.416
nd
nd
0.073
nd
15.212
4.156
nd
14.449
8.670
7.94
9.90
3.1
nd
4.42
4.13
3.28
3.90
4.13
7.35
6.86
0.375
0.246
nd
nd
0.354
nd
2.321
0.571
nd
1.360
0.642
66.38
55.03
44.07
nd
18.30
2.37
29.16
0.20
2.35
8.75
7.96
0.691
0.589
nd
nd
0.028
nd
40.004
0.007
nd
0.935
0.730
0.01
0.07
2.85
nd
2.18
1.51
9.34
0.44
1.08
11.08
0.00
0.010
0.069
nd
nd
0.411
nd
8.710
nd
nd
0.975
0.000
66.39
55.10
46.92
nd
20.47
3.88
38.50
0.65
3.43
19.83
7.96
63.36
55.04
52.28
nd
1014.57
37.30
349.62
55.29
37.75
24.48
35.62
129.76
110.14
99.19
nd
1035.04
41.18
388.12
55.94
41.18
44.31
43.58
169
-------
Table B-9. Results
Minor System
of PCR analysis for Pfiesteria samples in Texas in 2000. (P=positive, "—"=negative, X=no amplifiable DNA, na=no analysis done, nd=no data)
Location Sample ID Sample Date Collected Date Received P. piscicida P. shumwayae Cryptoptero- P. piscidda P. shunwayae
Medium diniopsis
Sabine Lake
Sabine Lake
Sabine Lake
Sabine Lake
Sabine Lake
Sabine Lake
Sabine Lake
Sabine Lake
Tabbs Bay
Tabbs Bay
Tabbs Bay
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Sabine Pass Swing Bridge
Tabbs Bay
Tabbs Bay
Tabbs Bay
Clear Lake
Clear Creek
Clear Creek
Armand Bayou
Armand Bayou
Armand Bayou
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 1
Dickinson Bayou 2 *
Dickinson Bayou 2 *
Dickinson Bayou 1
TX17
TX18
TX44
TX26
TX61
TX67
TX74
TX80
TX 19
TX62
TX78
TX20
TX30
TX27
TX66
TX75
TX39
TX 11
TX 12
TX41
TX28
TX72
TX45
TX76
W
W
s
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
s
W
W
s
W
4/24/2000
4/24/2000
4/25/2000
5/31/2000
6/22/2000
7/1 1/2000
8/1/2000
9/14/2000
4/25/2000
6/22/2000
8/9/2000
4/25/2000
5/10/2000
6/20/2000
7/9/2000
8/6/2000
9/19/2000
4/18/2000
4/18/2000
4/19/2000
6/20/2000
7/25/2000
7/26/2000
8/6/2000
Method 1 Method 2
4/27/2000
4/27/2000
4/27/2000
6/8/2000
6/29/2000 - - -- P
7/17/2000 -- - - nd
9/7/2000
10/9/2000
4/27/2000
6/29/2000
9/7/2000
4/27/2000 -- - -- P
5/12/2000
6/27/2000
7/17/2000
9/7/2000 P - - na na
10/9/2000 P - P P -
4/20/2000
4/20/2000
4/20/2000
6/27/2000 F
7/27/2000 - - - P
7/27/2000
9/7/2000 P - - na na
170
-------
Dickinson Bay
Moses Lake
Moses Lake
Moses Lake
West Bay
West Bay
West Bay
West Bay
West Bay
West Bay
West Bay
West Bay
Freeport North
Freeport North
Freeport North
Freeport South
Freeport South
Freeport South
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Matagorda Bay
Lavaca Bay
Dickinson Bayou 1
Moses Bayou
Moses Lake
Moses Bayou
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Jamaica Beach Canal
Oyster Creek
Swan Lake
Oyster Creek
Intracoastal Waterway
Jones Creek
Intracoastal Waterway
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek *
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Colorado River
Colorado River *
Colorado River
Lavaca Bay Causeway
TX35
TX21
TX65
TX37
TX15
TX16
TX43
TX22
TX29
TX73
TX77
TX 105
TX24
TX68
TX 104
TX25
TX69
TX 106
TX13
TX 14
TX42
TX64
TX71
TX79
TX 102
TX23
TX70
TX 108
TX2
W
W
W
W
W
W
S
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
S
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
9/19/2000
5/10/2000
7/6/2000
9/19/2000
4/18/2000
4/18/2000
4/19/2000
5/14/2000
6/20/2000
7/26/2000
8/8/2000
10/3/2000
5/29/2000
7/19/2000
10/3/2000
5/29/2000
7/19/2000
10/3/2000
4/19/2000
4/19/2000
4/19/2000
6/27/2000
7/25/2000
8/14/2000
9/21/2000
5/25/2000
7/25/2000
9/21/2000
4/12/2000
10/9/2000 P
5/12/2000
7/14/2000
10/9/2000
4/20/2000
4/20/2000
4/20/2000
5/16/2000
6/27/2000
7/27/2000 X X
9/7/2000
10/9/2000
6/5/2000 X X
7/25/2000
10/9/2000
6/5/2000 X X
7/25/2000 X X
10/9/2000
4/20/2000
4/20/2000 X X
4/20/2000
7/5/2000
7/27/2000
9/7/2000
10/9/2000
6/5/2000 X X
7/27/2000
Nd X X
4/17/2000
P
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
X
p
-
X
nd
-
X
X
_.
--
X
-
--
-
--
__
X F
nd
X
171
-------
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Mesquite Bay
Mesquite Bay
Mesquite Bay
Nueces Bay
Nueces Bay
Nueces Bay
Nueces Bay
Nueces Bay
Nueces Bay
East Flats
East Flats
East Flats
East Flats
East Flats
East Hats
Oso Bay
Oso Bay
Oso Bay
Oso Bay
Oso Bay
Oso Bay
Baffin Bay
Baffin Bay
Baffin Bay
Baffin Bay
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Lavaca Bay Causeway
Mesquite Bay
Mesquite Bay
Mesquite Bay
Nueces River
Nueces River
Nueces River
Nueces River
Nueces River
Nueces River
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Oso Bay 1
Oso Bay 2
Oso Creek
Oso Bay 2
Oso Bay 2
Oso Bay 2
Kraatz Pier
Bayview Campground
Bayview Campground
Bayview Campground
TX32
TX85
TX91
TX97
TX33
TX93
TX100
TX38
TX31
TX87
TX40
TX34
TX36
TX8
TX 10
TX9
TX 111
TX 112
TX99
TX3
TX82
TX83
TX86
TX89
TX95
TX4
TX5
TX7
TX84
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
5/16/2000
6/29/2000
7/24/2000
9/28/2000
5/16/2000
7/23/2000
10/3/2000
4/18/2000
5/15/2000
6/13/2000
7/1 1/2000
8/8/2000
9/6/2000
4/17/2000
5/23/2000
6/20/2000
7/1 1/2000
8/14/2000
10/2/2000
4/12/2000
5/29/2000
6/19/2000
7/1 1/2000
8/7/2000
9/14/2000
4/26/2000
4/26/2000
5/12/2000
6/20/2000
5/23/2000
7/7/2000
7/27/2000
10/6/2000
5/23/2000
7/27/2000
10/6/2000
4/25/2000
5/23/2000
6/22/2000
7/17/2000
10/17/2000
10/17/2000
4/24/2000
6/1/2000
6/27/2000
7/17/2000
8/17/2000
10/6/2000
4/17/2000
6/1/2000
6/22/2000
7/27/2000
8/18/2000
9/15/2000
4/28/2000
4/28/2000
6/1/2000
6/22/2000
na
nd
na
P
nd
172
-------
Baffin Bay
Baffin Bay
Baffin Bay
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Bayview Campground
Bay view Campground
Bayview Campground
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
TX90
TX92
TX96
TX1
TX51
TX6
TX52
TX94
TX53
W
W
W
W
S
W
S
W
S
7/28/2000
8/23/2000
9/27/2000
4/5/2000
4/6/2000
6/12/2000
6/13/2000
8/8/2000
8/9/2000
8/2/2000 X
8/31/2000 X
10/6/2000
4/7/2000
4/7/2000
6/22/2000
6/22/2000
8/18/2000
8/18/2000 X
X
X
-
p
p
-
p
--
X
X na na
X
..
nd
--
-
P
P
X
* Fish kill was occurring or had recently occurred at or near this station at the time sampling was conducted for Pfiesteria.
173
-------
Table B-10. Results of PCR analysis for Pfiesteria samples in Texas in 2001. (P=positive, "—"=negative, X=no amplifiable DNA, na=no analysis done, nd=no data)
Date Collected Date Received P. plscidda P. shumwayae P. piscidda P. shumwayae
Minor System
Location
Sample ID Sample
Medium
Method I Method 2
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
Dickinson Bay
East Matagorda Bay
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Dickinson Bayou
Caney Creek
XX 101
TX 109
TX 164
TX161
TX167
TX171
TX174
TX 178
TX 180
TX 186
TX188
TX 126
TX 103
TX 110
TX 169
TX 165
TX 168
TX 172
TX 175
TX 177
TX181
TX 184
TX 187
TX 190
TX 107
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
4/10/2001
4/25/2001
5/9/2001
5/24/2001
6/5/2001
6/20/2001
7/3/2001
7/19/2001
8/3/2001
8/17/2001
9/4/2001
9/28/2001
4/10/2001
4/25/2001
5/9/2001
5/24/2001
6/5/2001
6/20/2001
7/3/2001
7/19/2001
8/3/2001
8/17/2001
9/4/2001
9/18/2001
4/10/2001
4/24/2001
6/11/2001
6/11/2001
6/11/2001 -- - P
6/11/2001 XX-
7/20/2001
7/20/2001
8/20/2001
8/20/2001
nd - - P
nd
10/10/01 XX-
4/24/2001
6/11/2001
6/11/2001
6/11/2001
6/11/2001 - - P
7/20/2001 - - P
7/20/2001
8/20/2001 -- -- P
8/20/2001 - - P
nd - - P
nd
nd
4/24/2001 -- - P
P
P
P
P
P
F
-
P
-
P
P
P
-
-
--
-
P
-
-
P
-
P
-
--
P
174
-------
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
East Matagorda Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
Lavaca Bay
East Flats
East Flats
East Flats
East Flats
East Flats
East Flats
East Flats
East Flats
East Flats
East Flats
East Flats
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Caney Creek
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Lavaca Fishing Pier
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
Port Aransas Birding Center
TX 162
TX163
TX166
TX170
TX 173
TX176
TX179
TX 182
TX183
TX185
TX 189
TX133
TX345
TX335
TX121
TX122
TX358
TX 127
TX 141
TX 142
TX301
TX302
TX303
TX304
TX305
TX306
TX307
TX308
TX309
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
4/25/2001
5/9/2001
5/24/2001
6/5/2001
6/20/2001
7/3/2001
7/19/2001
8/3/2001
8/17/2001
8/31/2001
9/18/2001
4/19/2001
6/20/2001
6/28/2001
7/11/2001
8/6/2001
8/15/2001
9/27/2001
4/10/2001
4/25/2001
5/8/2001
5/24/2001
6/12/2001
6/26/2001
7/10/2001
7/31/2001
8/14/2001
8/30/2001
9/15/2001
6/11/2001
6/11/2001 XX-
6/11/2001 XX-
6/11/2001
7/20/2001
7/20/2001 -- P
8/20/2001 -- P
8/20/2001 - - P
nd - - F
nd - -- P
nd
7/12/2001
7/31/2001 - P
7/12/2001 - - P
7/31/2001 - F
9/5/2001
823/01
10/1/2001 XX-
5/1/2001
5/1/2001
5/28/2001 - - P
5/28/2001
6/20/2001 P - F
7/5/2001 P - P
7/20/2001
8/8/2001 - - P
8/27/2001
9/6/2001
9/27/2001 - - P
-
P
-
-
-
-
-
P
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
-
P
-
P
P
-
F
-
P
-
-
_.
175
-------
East Flats
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Arroyo Colorado
Port Aransas Birding Center
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
Adolph Tomae Jr. County Park
TX310
TX 140
TX 139
TX134
TX 137
TX356
TX755
TX136
TX338
TX338
TX132
TX343
TX780
TX131
TX336
W
W
W
W
W
W
S
W
S
W
W
W
S
W
W
9/27/2001
4/9/2001
4/23/2001
5/9/2001
5/24/2001
6/7/2001
6/7/2001
6/19/2001
7/10/2001
7/10/2001
7/24/2001
8/13/2001
8/13/2001
8/29/2001
9/12/2001
10/16/2001
4/1 1/2001 -- P
4/30/2001
5/14/2001
nd
6/11/2001 P
6/11/2001
7/1/2001 P
7/12/2001 -- P
7/12/2001
8/10/2001 -- P
8/20/2001
8/17/2001
9/18/2001
9/26/2001 P
P
P
-
-
-
P
P
P
-
P
-
P
P
-
P
P
--
--
-
-
-
-
P
P
P
P
--
-
P
176
-------
Appendix C
Quality Assurance Project Plan
177
-------
Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP)
for
Monitoring Pfiesteria in Texas Estuaries
EPA, Region 6
Approved by:
Date:
James D. Simons
Project Manager
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department
Date:
David Buzan
Quality Assurance Project Officer
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department
Larry D. McKinney
Senior Director for Aquatic Resources
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department
Date:
Date:
Barbara Schrodt
Project Officer
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Date:
Joan Brown
Chief of Assistance Programs
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Section A.2. Table of Contents
Section A. 1. Title Page 1
Section A.2. Table of Contents 2
Section A.3. Distribution List 4
Section A.4. Project organization 5
Section A.5. Project definition and background 6
Section A.6. Project description 6
Section A.6.1. Site selection 6
Section A.6.2. Number of sites 7
Section A.6.3. Sampling period 7
Section A.6.4. Sampling procedures and parameters 7
Section A.6.5. Equipment and personnel 8
Section A.6.6. Required assessment tools 8
Section A.6.7. Schedule, milestones and reports 9
Section A.7. Data quality objectives 9
Section A.7.1. Data analysis and interpretation 10
Section A.7.2. Precision, accuracy, completeness and comparability 10
Section A.8. Special training requirements and certification 10
Section A.9. Documentation and records 11
Section B.I. Sampling process design (Experimental design) 11
Section B.2. Sampling methods 11
Section B.2.1. Site verification 12
Section B.2.2. Water quality samples 12
Section B.2.3. On-site water quality measurements 12
Section B.3. Sample tracking/Sample custody 12
Section B.4. Analytical procedures 13
Section B.5. Quality control checks and requirements 13
Section B.6. Instrument/equipment testing, inspection, and maintenance requirements... 13
Section B.7. Calibration procedures and frequency 14
Section B.8. Inspection/acceptance requirements for supplies and consumables 14
Section B.9. Data acquisition requirements (non-direct measurements) 14
Section B. 10. Data management 14
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Section C.I. Assessments and response actions 15
Section C.2. Reports to management 15
Section D. 1. Data review, validation, and verification requirements 15
Section D.2. Data reduction, validation, and reporting procedures 16
Section D.3. Reconciliation with data quality objectives 16
Section D.4. Literature cited 16
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Section A.3. Distribution list
The following individuals will be provided copies of the approved Quality Assurance Project Plan
(QAPP), and all approved future modifications of this QAPP.
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD)
Larry D. McKinney, Senior Director for Aquatic Resources and
Resource Protection Division
Bob Spain, Assistant Director, Resource Protection Division
David Buzan, Branch Chief, Coastal Conservation Branch
James Simons, Project Manager
Woody Woodrow, Program Leader, Coastal Conservation, Clear Lake
Smiley Nava, Program Leader, Coastal Conservation, Corpus Christi
All field crew personnel
University of Texas Marine Science Institute
Tracy Villareal, Principal Investigator
University of North Carolina at Greensboro
Parke Rublee
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Region 6
Barbara Schrodt
Phillip Crocker
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Section A.4. Project organization
The following individuals will be responsible for implementation and completion of the project:
Executive Director, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department: Andrew Sansom (responsible for overall
operation of Texas Parks and Wildlife Department)
Senior Director for Aquatic Resources and Resource Protection Division: Larry D. McKinney
(responsible for performance of Division personnel who will implement the project)
Quality Assurance Project Officer and Branch Chief, Coastal Conservation: David Buzan
(responsible for performance of Branch personnel who will implement the project and for assuring
that the QAPP is followed and data of known quality are collected)
Project Manager: James Simons (responsible for overseeing all phases of project
implementation, including compilation and revision of the QAPP)
Field Sampling Coordination Personnel: Winston Denton, Smiley Nava, Janet Nelson
Field Sampling Personnel: Chad Norris, Mike Weeks, Andy Tirpak, Sam Copeland, Jim Tolan
Contract Support: Tracy Villareal, University of Texas Marine Science Institute
Parke Rublee, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
EPA Project Officer: Barbara Schrodt
EPA Work Assignment Manager: Phillip Crocker
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Section A.5. Problem definition and background
Concern has grown nationwide about the possible presence and impacts of toxic algae on coastal
ecosystems and human health. During the past two years, awareness has increased about the group
of toxic dinoflagellates referred to as Pflesteria and Pfiesteria-like organisms (PLO). These
recently discovered organisms have been found to cause massive fish kills, outbreaks of fish disease
and some neurological effects in humans in coastal ecosystems.
Texas has experienced massive toxic blooms of Gymnodinium breve which have killed over 40
million fish along the Texas coast in the past 13 years. Toxic blooms of the dinoflagellate,
Alexandrium monilata, have also occurred along the Texas coast. Texas has never had a
documented incident caused by Pfiesteria or Pfiesteria-like organisms.
Recent toxic red tides led to the creation of a Texas Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) coordinating
committee in 1998 which is developing a HAB response contingency plan. One outcome of this
effort is the creation of a coast-wide, cooperative monitoring program for the presence of G. breve.
TPWD is collecting water samples from the Gulf and bays and experts at the University of Texas
Marine Science Institute (UTMSI) are analyzing samples.
Section A.6. Project description
The proposed Pfiesteria monitoring project will determine if Pfiesteria-like organisms are present in
Texas estuaries, and if present, what physical and chemical conditions they are found under. To
accomplish the proposed project, TPWD staff will collect samples from appropriate sites. UTMSI
will analyze the samples for nutrient and chlorophyll concentrations and ship sub-samples to the
University of North Carolina at Greensboro. The University of North Carolina at Greensboro will
conduct gene probe assays of the sub-samples for Pfiesteria piscicida and two Pfiesteria-like
species. If the gene probe assays produce positive results, confirmation tests for toxicity of the
sample will be conducted at Dr. JoAnn Burkholder's laboratory at North Carolina State University.
If Pfiesteria or PLO are found the field data will be analyzed for relationships in regards to the
occurrence of Pfiesteria. Nutrient and chlorophyll data will be averaged and standard deviations
calculated. The data will be plotted as a time series at each station for comparison to the
presence/absence data for the two Pfiesteria taxa and the PLO results. Results of the monitoring
project will be submitted for publication in an appropriate scientific journal.
Section A. 6.1. Site Selection
Site selection was based on the result of an evaluation of Pfiesteria habitat preferences and
environmental requirements. This meant that targeted areas of interest are bays and estuaries that
have a history of nutrient enrichment of high chlorophyll concentrations and algal blooms. A stated
objective of the program is to determine the Texas estuaries most at risk during the initial year's
efforts. Based on the results of this analysis, a list of target sites was created for sampling during
April through September by the project working group. This group consisted of the Project
Manager, the contracted Principal Investigator, and Field Coordinators from Clear Lake, Corpus
Christi and Austin, each of whom have extensive experience and knowledge of the bays and
estuaries of Texas. Prior to the 2001 sampling season all field crew team leaders and the Project
Manager will meet to review, and revise if necessary, field data collection procedures.
Section A.6.2. Number of sites
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A total of 17 stations (See Table 1 below) will be sampled, with 12 to be collected in April, June
and August and 14 to be collected in May, July and September. There are nine stations that will be
collected each month and 8 to be collected every other month. This design gives us broader
coverage, yet enables us to take logistical considerations into account.
Table 1. List of the Pfiesteria sampling station locations and the month in which they will be
sampled for sampling year 2000.
Location
Sabine Lake
Tabb's Bay
Clear Lake
Dickinson Bay
Moses Lake
Galveston Bay - canals
ICWW - Freeport
(north)
ICWW Freeport
(south)
Caney Creek
Matagorda Bay
Lavaca Bay
Mesquite Bay
Port Aransas
Nueces River
Oso Bay
Baffin Bay
Arroyo Colorado
Total number of
stations
April
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
12
May
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
14
June
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
12
July
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
14
Aug
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
12
Sept
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
14
Section A. 6.3. Sampling period.
Samples will be collected from April to September in 2000 and 2001
Section A.6.4. Sampling procedures and parameters
Upon arrival at the sampling site, location will be verified by global positioning system. Water
quality parameters to be collected include:
1. Water temperature
2. Salinity
3. Dissolved Oxygen
4. Secchi disk
Meteorological conditions to be monitored will include:
1. Air temperature
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2. Wind speed
3. Wind direction
4. Cloud cover
5. Sea state
Water samples will be collected and returned to the UTMSI laboratory for the following analyses:
1. Chlorophyll a
2. Dissolved inorganic nutrients (Nitrate+nitrite, phosphate, silicate and ammonium)
3. Dissolved organic nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen)
A surface water sample will be collected, filtered through! a OFF, and the filter will be placed in a
vial containing buffer provided by Dr. Parke Rublee. The vial will be mailed to Dr. Parke Rublee at
the University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG) for the following:
1. Pfiesteria and Pfiesteria like species genetic probe analysis
Sediment samples will be collected at as yet undetermined locations. The location of sediment
collections will in part be determined by the results of the water sample analyses and in part on
observations of the field sites visited for water sampling. The sediment sampling will be more
selective due to the necessity of shipping these samples overnight to UNCG and the associated
costs.
Sample collection protocols are listed in Section B.2.
Section A.6.5 Equipment and personnel
Equipment required for each sampling is included in the standard procedures outlined in Sec.
B.2. Each team will consist of a minimum of 2 persons.
Section A.6.6. Required assessment tools
Annual program review will be conducted by the Pfiesteria working group. Suggestions for
corrective action will be forwarded to the Project Manager.
Section A.6.7. Schedule, milestones and reports
A schedule for the project is presented below. Quarterly progress reports (December 1, March 1,
June 1, September 1) will provide information regarding status of the individual work efforts.
Significant changes to the work plan or schedule will be proposed in the progress reports.
See attached schedule for proposed scheduled starting and ending dates.
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Tasks
A
B
C
1999
Sept
X
Oct
X
Nov
X
Dec
X
2000
Jan
X
Feb
X
Mar
X
Apr
X
May
X
June
X
Jul
X
Aug
X
Tasks
A
B
C
2000
Sept
X
Oct
X
X
Nov
X
X
Dec
X
X
2001
Jan
X
X
Feb
X
X
Mar
X
X
Apr
X
May
X
June
X
Jul
X
Aug
X
Tasks
A
B
C
2001
Sept
X
Oct
X
Nov
X
Dec
X
2002
Jan
X
Feb
X
Mar
X
Apr
May
June
Jul
Aug
Section A.7. Data quality objectives
The project will be directed towards Texas estuaries along the entire coast. The project intent is to
characterize the presence of Pfiesteria or Pfiesteria-like organisms in these waters. Concurrent
water quality parameters will permit comparison of this distribution against known factors
documented from along the Atlantic seaboard.
This is a survey only and has no evaluation levels. The presence/absence of Pfiesteria may, or may
not, be related to ambient nutrient/chlorophyll conditions. No action criteria or remedial action will
be established based solely on this data.
Because the samples are collected in the field under variable conditions, it is accepted that at least
10% variation will be routine. This is considered acceptable since the variation expected between
positive and negative Pfiesteria sites is expected to be orders of magnitude different. The effective
quantification levels will be 0.2 uM for each nutrient and 0.1 ug chlorophyll per L due to the
handling and shipping time between collection and processing. As noted above, this is a small
fraction of the expected levels (10's uM nutrient and chlorophyll) between positive and negative
Pfiesteria sites.
Section A.7.1. Data analysis and interpretation
Data will be analysed for presence or absence of Pfiesteria or Pfiesteria-like organisms. If
Pfiesteria or Pfiesteria-like organisms are present, additional efforts (separate program) may be
undertaken to determine if toxic or non-toxic strains are present. Water quality parameters will
permit evaluation of the distribution (if present) in relation to nutrient loading as has been
documented along the Atlantic seaboard.
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Section A.7.2. Precision, accuracy, completeness, and comparability
Data representativeness is the extent to which data represent the physiochemical and biological
conditions at the individual site, but also the degree to which the sampled population represents the
larger universe of similar sites. The former concern will be addressed through the use of standard
procedures consistently applied at each site by sampling teams. The latter concern the primary focus
of the survey concept since we are examining a variety of estuaries with different hydrodynamic and
physicochemical regimes.
Comparability centers on the ability to compare one data set to another and will be ensured by the
use of standard procedures consistently applied across all estuaries with standard units and data
recording techniques. All laboratory analyses will employ approved methods and meet quality
assurance goals for the samples.
Precision and accuracy will be measured relative to procedures listed in section B.5.
Data completeness represents a proportion between the expected or potential quantity of data from a
project and that which is actually available following collection and analysis. The ideal goal would
be 100%, but data loss may occur through incidents outside the investigator's control.
Consequently, the goal for this study is 90 % data completeness.
Section A. 8. Special training requirements and certification
There are no special training requirements for this project. All field personnel will be provided with
a detailed sampling and sample handling protocol prior to beginning of the field collecting season.
Field data collection sheets will also be provided to all field crews for standardized collection of
field data. If there are any questions concerning field collections they will be directed to the Project
Manager for resolution. Prior to the 2001 sampling season all field crew team leaders and the
Project Manager will meet to review, and revise if necessary, field data collection procedures.
Section A.9. Documents and records
Field data sheets will be filled out completely and accurately at each site. Field crew leaders will
check the sheet prior to leaving the site. Upon returning to the office, the crew leader will fax or
mail the data sheets to the Project Manager, and enclose a copy with the nutrient/chlorophyll
samples sent to UTMSI and a copy with the Pfiesteria samples sent to UNCG.
Nutrient and chlorophyll data will be entered into a spreadsheet following completion of analysis.
Turnaround time of laboratory data will vary depending upon workload. In addition, samples will
be held until there are enough samples to justify running a batch of samples.
Hard copies and diskettes containing field and nutrient data will be stored in at least duplicate form
at separate TPWD facilities. Nutrient, chlorophyll and field data will also be stored at UTMSI. The
final report will be maintained by the Coastal Conservation Branch of TPWD.
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Section B.I. Sampling process design (Experimental Design)
The entire coast of Texas is targeted to be sampled, at least in the initial stages of the project. Each
bay and estuary of the coast was considered, and in general, areas that are know to have high
nutrient or chlorophyll concentrations were selected. In addition, several locations, in more pristine
areas were selected to serve as controls. There were 17 sampling locations selected, with 9 of these
to be sampled each month, and the other 8 on an every other month basis. The 17 were selected to
provide a wide coverage, the alternation of 8 of the stations was a logistical consideration. Ten of
the stations are located on the upper coast and seven on the lower coast.
Several of the stations are also located near our regularly visited datasonde stations for logistical
reasons, and because there is a good recent historical record of water quality conditions at these
stations.
Section B.2. Sampling methods
Water samples will be collected just below the surface using a water sampling device such as a Van
Dorn bottle, or a five gallon bucket dipped below the surface to prevent collecting surface material.
Sediment samples, when collected, will be taken by disturbing the sediment-water interface, and
then collecting water that includes sediment that has been re-suspended. In cases where sediment
samples are collected, water samples will also be collected. Water samples collected for nutrients
will be frozen on dry ice immediately after collection. Filters for chlorophyll a analysis will also be
placed on dry ice. The vials for the Pfiesteria analysis are to be kept at ambient temperature
conditions, but will be kept out of the sunlight or places that could reach extremely high
temperatures.
Section B.2.1. Site verification
Sample sites will be located on standard nautical charts. Upon arrival at the site, the field team will
record the latitude and longitude on the sample data sheet.
Section B.2.2. Water Quality Samples
Water quality samples will be collected using new, clean polyethylene bottles. Field blanks will be
collected at least at 5% of the sites and will consist of de-ionized water transported into the field and
then transferred to the sample bottles.
Chlorophyll samples will be filtered onto glass fiber filters and placed on dry ice (<4.0 ° C).
Nutrient samples will be filtered to remove biological activity (0.45 \im polycarbonate filters) and
placed on dry ice (<4.0° C). Both samples will be frozen until delivered or shipped to Dr. Tracy
Villareal at UTMSI. Holding time for all frozen samples will be less than 1 week.
Pfiesteria and Pfiesteria-like genes assays will be collected on filters, placed in buffer, and returned
to the lab. These samples will be mailed directly to Dr. Parke Rublee at UNCG.
Section B.2.3. On-site water quality measurements
Sampling teams will use a standard Hydrolab electrode sensor for temperature, salinity and oxygen
measurements. Calibration will be as per the manufacturer's recommendation.
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Section B.3. Sample tracking/Sample custody
Sample tracking and custody procedures center on being able to account for sample integrity from
the collection time to the analysis. Proper sample custody is a joint effort of the sampling crew,
sample transporter, and laboratory staff. A chain of custody record will be established that will
document the following:
Site location
Time/date of collection
Collection team
Preservation
Signatures of collection team
Sample integrity must also be protected by preventing sample contamination. Samples in tape-
sealed ice chests are assumed to be secure, whether transportation is by staff vehicle, common
carrier, or commercial package delivery. Biological samples for gene assay will be shipped to UNC
for analysis as per their protocols.
Section B.4. Analytical procedures
Nutrient analysis will be conducted at UTMSI using a LaChat QC 8000 ion analyzer with computer
controlled sample selection and peak processing. Chemistries are as specified by the manufacturer
and have ranges as follows: nitrate+nitrate (0.03-5.0 u.M; Quikchem method 31-107-04-1-A),
silicate (0.03-5.0 uM; Quikchem method 31-114-27-1-B), ammonium (0.1-10 jxM; Quikchem
method 31-107-06-5-A) and phosphate (0.03-2.0 f^M; Quikchem method 31-115-01-3-A).
Chlorophyll will be extracted overnight and read fluorometrically on a Turner Model 10-AU using a
non-acidification technique (Welschmeyer, 1994; EPA method 445.0). Assays will be performed
in duplicate. Dissolved organic nitrogen and dissolved organic phosphorus will be conducted by
simultaneous persulfate digestion (Raimbault et al. 1999) and then assayed for nitrate+nitrite and
phosphate by the above listed protocols.
The Pfiesteria and Pfiesteria-like genes assays will be conducted by Dr. Parke Rublee at the UNCG.
DNA is purified using chloroform purification (Schaefer 1997). If samples have high suspended
sediment loads, an additional clean up step can be used (DNeasy Plant Kit, Qiagen). Purified DNA
is dissolved in sterile ddH2O and stored at -20°C. 50 ul PCR reactions are run following standard
protocols (Innis, et al. 1995). Both positive (template from confirmed Pfiesteria piscicida, species
"B" or Cryptoperidiniopsis brodyi culture) and negative controls (no template) are carried through
each PCR run. PCR products are visualized by electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. For
each sample, at least two primer sets specific for Pfiesteria piscicida, and single primer sets for each
of the other two organisms are run. If no test reactions were positive, a control reaction is run using
generic eukaryotic primers to confirm that amplifiable DNA had been extracted from the sample.
Section B.5. Quality control checks and requirements
All water quality analyses are calibrated against known standards prior to each run. Seawater
nutrient analysis is corrected for refractive index variations. Salinity effects are documented and
corrected for where significant. Internal standards are run at the beginning and end of the run, and
additional spiked seawater standards are run at 10 sample intervals. The chlorophyll fluorometer is
calibrated against pure chlorophyll a, and secondary standards are run prior to every day's operation
to insure against instrument drift. Correlation coefficients for analyses must exceed 0.999.
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Section B.6. Instrument/equipment testing, inspection, and maintenance requirements
To minimize downtime of measurement systems, all field sampling and laboratory equipment must
be maintained in a working condition. Equipment which has a manufacturer's recommended
schedule of maintenance will receive preventative maintenance according to that schedule. Other
equipment used only occasionally will be inspected for availability of spare parts, cleanliness,
battery strength etc. at least monthly and always prior to being taken into the field. After use in the
field, all equipment will be rechecked for needed maintenance.
A separate log book will be maintained for each type of equipment, whether laboratory or field.
Preventative or corrective maintenance will be recorded. The history of maintenance performed
will be available for inspection during a systems audit.
Section B.7. Calibration procedures and frequency
Calibration procedures for laboratory analysis are listed in section B.5. Field instruments will be
calibrated prior to data measurement. Calibration procedures for Hydrolab multi-parameter
instruments which will be employed in this project to measure dissolved oxygen, temperature and
salinity are described in TNRCC (1994).
Section B.8. Inspection/acceptance requirements for supplies and consumables
All equipment used in the project is listed under different assessment categories (Section B.2.).
Equipment used in the field collection of biological and water quality data will be procured directly
by the project manager. These purchases are subject to competitive bids if the cost is greater than
$1,000. Nationally-known suppliers of equipment whose products are recognized by the scientific
and technical community as meeting standard capabilities are used.
Upon receipt of equipment, the project staff will inspect it to determine if it meets the minimum
specifications and also for defects of breakage. Any equipment not capable of meeting minimum
requirements will be returned to the supplier.
Section B.9. Data acquisition requirements (non-direct measurements)
Water quality, biological and physicochemical data from the other sources may be used to assist in
interpreting data collected in this project. Available data are generally collected by agencies
working under a separate QAPP. These data would normally be obtained in electronic format and
would be inspected before using for interpretive purposes. Other biological and physicochemical
data may be obtained through peer-reviewed publications in the scientific literature or from sources
using accepted methods of data collection that include appropriate quality control.
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Section B.10. Data management
Biological and physicochemical data will be entered on a personal computer. Raw field data will
initially be entered in Excel format and later transferred, if necessary, to the appropriate statistical
package. Nutrient and chlorophyll data will be recorded on FileMake. All data will be backed up
on disks stored at different locations. Coordination is underway with TNRCC to facilitate transfer
of the data into STORET.
Section C.I. Assessments and response actions
The commitment to use approved equipment and approved methods when obtaining environmental
samples and when producing field or laboratory measurements must have periodic verification that
the equipment and methods are being employed properly. The verification is accomplished through
performance and systems audits, conducted by a person not directly involved in the project. This
person will be familiar with the field sampling requirements for the project or laboratory quality
assurance.
Before any project begins, availability of proper equipment for field personnel should be verified.
This includes sampling equipment, safety equipment, and field measurement equipment. The
project manager is also responsible to determine that personnel involved in field activities have been
trained to properly use the equipment. This constitutes a systems audit for field sampling.
Laboratories contracted to perform analytical measurements will be monitored annually to evaluate
that equipment is operational, that adequate personnel are available, and the procedures are followed
for data quality verification. Any inadequacies noted in these laboratory systems audits will be
noted in a response letter.
The application of procedures and equipment should be verified periodically. This verification
constitutes a performance audit. Field personnel will be observed during the actual field sampling
to verify that equipment and procedures are properly applied. The observer should be independent
of direct project involvement.
Performance audits for laboratories providing analytical services will include successful
participation in various quality assurance studies. Theses studies employ the receipt by the
laboratory of a sample of unknown composition, which is analyzed and the results reported.
Section C.2. Reports to management
The Project Manager will be responsible for submitting written reports to the USEPA Project
Officer on a quarterly basis. The QAPP Project Officer will report the status of implementation of
procedures in this project plan and thereby the status of data quality. The complete project report
will include a detailed quality assurance section that will address the accuracy, precision, and
completeness of the measurement data used in drawing conclusions. A final report in the form of a
journal article will be provided to EPA six months after completion of the project.
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Section D.I. Data review, validation, and verification requirements
Each type of data will be randomly checked by the Project Manager and project staff. TPWD
managers and staff will also provide oversight through the peer review process and editing of the
final report. Data review will be conducted throughout the data analysis process including data
entry, transfer, reporting, and storage. Data validation and verification checks will include
examination of outliers, total numbers, and unusual values.
Section D.2. Data reduction, validation, and reporting procedures
Despite safeguards in collecting and analysis, data loss and errors can occur through manipulation
and reporting of the results. Sample collectors are responsible for assuring that all pertinent
information is recorded on sample sheets, that it is error-free, and that proper reporting units are
utilized. All chain of custody tags will be rechecked before samples are shipped to verify that field
data are complete and that reporting units are correct.
All results will be perused for conformance to precision and accuracy requirements. Results which
do not meet acceptance criteria will be rejected. Outliers will be checked against laboratory sheets,
historical data, and field notes to establish questionable values.
Transcription of data into electronic formats creates a high possibility of error. At a minimum, each
phase of data generation and handling should have routine independent checks made on 10 percent
of the data. No reduction of data or conversion to different reporting units is anticipated from this
project. All validated results will be presented in tabular form in any final report.
Section D.3. Reconciliation with data quality objectives
Whenever procedures and guidelines established in the project to meet the specified levels of data
quality are not successful, corrective action is required. Corrective action may be initiated by the
performance and system auditors if variances from proper protocol are noted. The Project Manager
is responsible for seeing that required corrections are made.
Variances that require corrective action may include equipment failure, excursions from precision
and accuracy control limits, samples arriving at the laboratory in incomplete documentation or
compromised integrity, samples lost in transit, samples ruined in laboratory accidents, reporting data
in wrong units, and calculating data using improper formulas or statistics.
Most corrective action will consist of some combination of the following: repair or replacement of
faulty equipment, re-analysis of samples and standards, checking reagents for proper strength, or re-
sampling. A formal correction action program which would cover all the possible problems would
be difficult, if not impossible, to establish. Unique problems which cannot be corrected by the
procedures listed above will require corrective actions to be defined as the need arises.
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Section D.4. Literature cited
Innis, M.A., D.H. Gelfand, J.J. Sninsky, TJ. White, (Eds.) 1995. PCR Protocols: a Guide to
Methods and Applications Academic, San Diego
Raimbault, P., Diaz, P., Pouvesle, W. & Boudjellal, B. 1999. Simultaneous determination of
particulate organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus collected on filters, using a semi-automatic
wet-oxidation method. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 180:289-295.
Schaefer, E.F. 1997. A DNA assay to detect the toxic dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida, and the
application of a PCR based probe. MS Thesis, Biology Dept., Univ. North Carolina at
Greensboro. 86p.
TNRCC 1994. Water quality monitoring procedures manual. Surface water quality monitoring
team. Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission. Austin, Texas.
Welschmeyer, N. A. 1994. Fluorometric analysis of chlorophyll a in the presence of chlorophyll
b and pheopigments. Limnol. Oceanogr. 39:1985-1992.
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Appendix D
Abstracts Accepted By Professional Conferences
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Accepted by the Galveston Bay Estuary Program Symposium, January 2001.
Pfiesteria Monitoring in Texas Estuaries
James D. Simons, PhD
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Austin, TX.
Pfiesteria piscicida was first identified in 1988 by researchers at North Carolina State University. These organisms and
Pfiesteria like organisms (PLO) are presently classified as dinoflagellates and they display very complex life cycles and
habits, which are not totally understood at present. Pfiesteria has been implicated as the causative agent in several major
fish kills in estuaries of North Carolina and the southeastern United States. It appears that nutrient rich waters tend to be
most susceptible to harboring the Pfiesteria fish kills. In addition, Pfiesteria has been purported to cause neurological
problems in fisherman and researchers alike. In light of the potential harm these organisms can cause, Texas Parks and
Wildlife Department obtained a grant from EPA for a two-year monitoring program to look for Pfiesteria in the bays and
estuaries of Texas. In the first year of the program 9 stations were monitored monthly and 8 stations were monitored on a
bi-monthly basis from April through September 2000. In addition to the Pfiesteria samples, water samples were collected
for nutrient and chlorophyll analyses. Pfiesteria was found at four sites along the Texas coast, those areas being
Dickinson Bayou, Port Aransas, Oso Bay and Arroyo Colorado. Two species of Pfiesteria were identified, with P.
piscicida found at Dickinson Bayou and P. shumwayae found at the other three stations.
195
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Accepted by the Estuarine Research Federation Biennial Symposium, November 2001.
Pfiesteria DISTRIBUTION ALONG THE TEXAS COAST
Tracy Villareal *, James D. Simons, and Parke Rublee,
*Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Pt. Aransas, Texas, U.S.A.
A two-year monitoring program examined the Texas coast for the presence/absence of Pfiesteria piscicida and P.
shumwayae. The sampling included a variety of bays and estuaries with differing degrees of nutrient input, sewage
treatment outfalls, and heavily urbanized channels. Nine stations were monitored monthly and eight stations were
monitored on a bi-monthly basis from April through September 2000. In 2001, a selected set of stations was monitored at
two week intervals. Water samples were collected for nutrient and chlorophyll analyses. Two polymerase chain reaction
assays were used in in the study. A conventional PCR assay for detection of a large amplified fragment was less sensitive
than a second assay using a fluorogenic probe and quantitative PCR. Despite evidence of DNA degradation after
prolonged storage at -20° C, the follow-up Q-PCR technique yielded substantially more positives. Using this method, we
found both Pfiesteria species occurred at some time during 2001 at every station sampled. Water collected after a fish
kill in Dickinson Bayou tested positive for Pfiesteria, but there is no supporting data to indicate that this was the cause of
the fish kill. The two species occurred at a wide range of chlorophyll and nutrient concentrations. They appear to be a
common and widely distributed members of the Texas coastal dinoflagellate community.
196
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Accepted by Harmful Algal Bloom Conference, October 2002.
Pfiesteria Distribution in Texas Bays and Estuaries
James Simons'.Tracy Villareal2, Parke Rublee3, Smiley Nava4 and Michael Weeks4
'Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Austin, TX, 2Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Port
Aransas, TX, 3University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Geensboro, NC, ''Texas Parks and Wildlife Department,
Corpus Christi, TX
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department has developed a two-year monitoring program to look for Pfiesteria and Pfiesteria
like organisms in the bays and estuaries of Texas. Nine stations were monitored monthly and eight stations were
monitored on a bi-monthly basis from April through September 2000. A gene probe PCR assay was used to detect the
presence of Pfiesteria. In addition to the samples for Pfiesteria analysis, water samples were collected for nutrient and
chlorophyll analyses.
Pfiesteria piscicida was found at Dickinson Bayou and Clear Lake and P. shumwayae was found at Port Aransas, Oso Bay
and Arroyo Colorado. Cryptoperidiniopsis, a Pfiesteria like organism, was found at Dickinson Bayou and Jamaica Beach.
Preliminary inspection of the chlorophyll and nutrient data showed elevated levels of chlorophyll, TON and DON at some
of the Pfiesteria sites, but several sites with higher values did not test positive for Pfiesteria. Pfiesteria was also found at
sites with either <10 |xg L-l Chi a and/or total DIN <1 (iM. Water collected after a fish kill in Caney Creek, Dickinson
Bayou and Matagorda Bay did not test positive for Pfiesteria.
Of interest is the apparent split in species distribution, with P. piscicida being found only in the Galveston Bay area, and
P. shumwayae being found in southern stations from Port Aransas to Arroyo Colorado. More sampling is planned for year
two to further investigate this pattern.
197
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Appendix E
Papers Published
Villareal, T.A., J.D. Simons, and P. Rublee. (2004). Pfiesteria distribution along the Texas (USA)
coast. Proceedings of the Xth International Conference on Harmful Marine Algae. In: Steidinger, K.
A.., Landsberg, J. H., Tomas, C. R. and G.A. Vargo (Eds.). 2004. Harmful Algae 2002. Florida Fish
and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Institute of Oceanography, and Intergovernmental
Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO. 371-373.
198
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Pfiesteria distribution along the Texas (USA) coast.
Tracy Villareal ', James D. Simons2, and Parke Rublee3,
Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Dr, Port Aransas, Texas, 78373
U.S.A email: tracy(S,utmsi.utexas.edu, 2Texas Parks and Wildlife Dept,, 6300 Ocean Dr., NRC, Suite 2501, Corpus
Chnsti, Texas, 78412 USA Biology Dept., University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro NC 27402
USA.
Abstract
A two-year monitoring program examined the Texas coast for the presence/absence of Pfiesteria piscicida and P.
shumwayae. The sampling included a variety of bays and estuaries with differing degrees of nutrient input, sewage
treatment outfalls, and heavily urbanized channels. Nine stations were monitored monthly and eight stations were
monitored on a bi-monthly basis from April through September 2000. In 2001, a selected set of stations was
monitored at two week intervals. Water samples were collected for nutrient and chlorophyll analyses. Two
polymerase chain reaction assays were used in in the study. A conventional PCR assay for detection of a large
amplified fragment was less sensitive than a second assay using a fluorogenic probe and quantitative PCR. Despite
evidence of DNA degradation after prolonged storage at -20° C, the follow-up Q-PCR technique yielded
substantially more positives. Using this method, we found both Pfiesteria species occurred at some time during
2001 at every station sampled. Water collected after a fish kill in Dickinson Bayou, Texas tested positive for
Pfiesteria, but there is no supporting data to indicate that this was the cause of the fish kill. The two species
occurred at a wide range of chlorophyll and nutrient concentrations. They appear to be a common and widely
distributed members of the Texas coastal dinoflagellate community.
Introduction
The heterotrophic dinoflagellate Pfiesteria has been implicated in both fish kills and human health issues along the
eastern U.S. coast (Burkholder et al. 2001). In response, significant resources have been devoted to understanding
the nature of its toxicity, response to environmental variables and importance in estuarine environments . The
Pfiesteria-like complex appears to be broadly distributed (Rublee et al. 2001), but difficulty in identifying the two
described Pfiesteria species along with the extensive discussions surrounding this group has slowed advance in this
area. The Texas coast appears to be a likely habitat for Pfiesteria but there have been no attempts to determine if the
species is present on this coast. The shallow, estuarine systems typical of the Texas coast are similar to its habitat
along the eastern U.S. coast and the records of this species from the eastern Gulf of Mexico suggest it is likely to be
present. Along the eastern U.S. seaboard, Pfiesteria is considered to be a major cause offish mortality (Glasgow et
al. 2001). Fish kills are common along the Texas coast, and while there is no evidence to suggest Pfiesteria has
been a causative agent, information on its distribution and occurrence in these waters is an important part of the
state's overall resource management program. We report here the results of two years of sampling using two
different gene assays for both Pfiesteria piscicida and P. shumwayae.
Methods
Presence/absence of P. piscicida and P. shumwayae was determined using gene assays. 100 ml of water were
filtered and returned to UNC, Greensboro for processing. Initially, samples were analyzed by a conventional PCR
approach (Ml) using probes for P. piscicida from Rublee, et al. (1999) and for P. shumwayae by Oldach, et al.
(2000). Samples were later re-assayed by real-time PCR (M2) using primers and Taqman probes (Bowers et al.
2000) on a Cepheid Smart Cycler. Although the real-time PCR assay is more sensitive, storage of samples at -20C
and additional freezing and thawing of samples prior to this second assay may have resulted in some degradation of
DNA between assays. At each station, additional samples were collected for chlorophyll (Welschmeyer 1994) and
automated nutrient analysis (Lachat Quikchem 8000) for nitrate+nitrite, silicate, phosphate, ammonium and
dissolved organic nitrogen. The M2 assay was not available until 6 months after all samples were run using Ml.
Station selection in Year 1 was based on the need to do a broad coast wide survey that would sample both impacted
and pristine areas. In Year 2, more intensive sampling (two week intervals) focused on a sub set of sites that
represented extremes found in Year 1. Statistical analysis used Statview 5.01. Sample sites for both years are noted
in Fig. 1.
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Results
Both Pfiesleria spp. were present along the coast in both years (Table 1, Fig. 2, 3). Pfiesteria was present across the
range of environmental conditions found (Fig. 4) Substantially more positive records were found using the M2
assay. There were more records in 2001 than 2000, probably due to sample degradation upon reanalysis. In 2001,
nutrients, chlorophyll and hydrographic parameters showed no consistent difference in relation to presence or
absence except for Si. Silcate concentrations were significantly higher at stations that showed positive for P.
piscicida (57.3 vs. 36.3 uM, p= O.0001). The data from 2000 was not analyzed in this way due to the likelihood of
sample degradation over time.
Sampling Sites for Pfiesteria Monitoring in Texas - 2000-2001
Figure 1. Sampling sites in this study
Clear Laka,
Dickinson Bayou (F
Dickinson Bayou
Jamaica Beacn
Fig. 2. Pfiesteria presence
In 2000
Table 1. Total number of occurrences using the two
gene probes. Joint records by Ml and M2 are recorded
as a single occurrence; hence the sum of the columns
may not equal the total.
P. piscicida
Year
2000
2001
n=
90
68
Ml
5
5
M2
9
26
Total
12
22
Figure 3. Pfiesteria presence in 2001
P. shumwayae
Year
2000
2001
n=
90
68
Ml
5
7
M2
2
28
Total
7
33
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Pfiesteria piscicida
Ptiesteria shumwayao
Fig. 4. Temperature and salinity conditions at
Pfiesteria sites. Open circles indicate
conditions at all sites sampled, crosses indicate
sites where one or both species were found.
24 26
Tempnlurg'C
Temporal ure'C
O sampled
Discussion
Pfiesteria spp. appear to be a broadly distributed member of the coastal dinoflagellate community along the Texas
coast. Both species of Pfiesteria were present along the entire Texas coast. The temperature-salinity conditions
where the species could be found spanned essentially the entire range found along the coast during the May - Sept.
sampling period. We found no evidence of preferred conditions although we recognize that presence/absence is not
a useful indicator for biological response. It is relevant to note that the distribution of either species was not
statistically linked to any inorganic nutrient, DON or chlorophyll concentration except for silicate. The curious link
to silicate concentration for P. piscicida cannot be explained at this time by a direct relation to Pfiesteria physiology.
It may be a proxy for other environmental or biological factors such as residence time, benthic processes, or
preferred prey items; however, the data cannot resolve this issue.
The genetic test used cannot distinguish toxic from non-toxic forms of the species. Although one sample from a
fish kill tested positive for Pfiesteria, there is no ancillary evidence to suggest Pfiesteria was responsible. Thus at
this time, we cannot state whether we have Tox-1, Tox -2, non-inducible strains or any combination of the above.
Acknowldegements.
This study would not have been possible without the collections of numerous Texas Parks and Wildlife Dept. field
teams. Contribution number 1294 from The University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute
References
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J M Burkholder, H. B. Glasgow & N. Deamer-Melia, Phycol, 40, 186-214 (2001).
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