United States Eastern Environmental EPA 520/5-84-019 Environmental Protection Radiation Facility June 1984 Agency 1890 Federal Drive Montgomery, AL 36109 Radiation x>EPA Environmental Radiation Data Report 37 January - March 1984 ------- ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION DATA REPORT 37 January - March 1984 UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Office of Radiation Programs ------- Preface Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is compiled and distributed quarterly by the Office of Radiation Programs' Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility (EERF), Montgomery, Alabama, and contains data from the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS). Data from similar networks operated by contributing States, Canada, Mexico, and the Pan American Health Organization are reported in the ERD when available. ERAMS was established in 1973 by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Radiation Programs (ORP). The ERAMS is comprised of nationwide sampling stations that provide air, surface and drinking water, and milk samples from which environmental radiation levels are derived. The major emphasis for ERAMS is toward identifying trends in the accumulation of long-lived radionuclides in the environment. Sampling locations are selected to provide optimal population coverage while functioning to monitor fallout from nuclear devices and other forms of radioactive contamination of the environment. The radiation analyses performed on these samples include gross alpha and gross beta levels, gamma analyses for fission products, and specific analyses for uranium, plutonium, strontium, iodine, radium, krypton, and tritium. This monitoring effort also provides ancillary information on natural background levels and on releases into the environment from stationary sources such as nuclear power reactors, fuel fabrication facilities, and reprocessing plants. 111 ------- ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION DATA CONTENTS Page DATA - Reporting Rationale and Procedures vii - Table of Reporting Increments and Minimum ix Detectable Levels DATA - ERAMS SECTION I. Air Program 1 1. Airborne Particulates 1 and Precipitation 2. Plutonium and Uranium in 13 Airborne Particulates 3. Krypton-85 16 SECTION II. Water Program 17 1. Surface Water 17 2. Drinking Water 20 SECTION III. External Gamma Ambient Monitoring Program 23 v ------- SECTION IV. Milk Program 26 1. Pasteurized Milk 26 2. Tritium in Milk 26 3. Strontium-89 and -90 in Milk 26 4. Carbon-14 in Milk 34 DATA - CHICAGO AREA WATERWAYS MONITORING 35 vi ------- DATA - Reporting Rationale and Procedures The intent of EPA's Office of Radiation Programs in establishing the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System was to provide continuous, accurate and usable environmental radiation data for the public. Therefore, new data reporting procedures were developed to allow better interpretation of the data. The most significant change in this reporting procedure is that all specific radionuclide analyses will be reported as the counting results indicate, whether the number is negative, zero, or positive. Reporting Rationale Frequently, concentrations of a radionuclide in environmental media are close to zero. When the actual concentration of a nuclide is zero, the net counting results should statistically show a distribution of negative and positive numbers about zero. This occurs when the background count is subtracted from a sample which has only background activity. Prior to July 1975, ERAMS data were not reported numerically when the results were less than a specified reporting level or minimum detectable level. The present reporting procedure allows all the data to be reported and evaluated statistically without an arbitrary cutoff of small or negative numbers. This approach will facilitate estimates of bias in the nuclide analyses and will allow better evaluation of distributions and trends in .environmental data. When reviewing the data in this report, caution should be exercised in the interpretation of individual negative values. Obviously, a negative activity value does riot have physical significance. Such numbers, however, are significant when taken together with other observations which indicate that the true value of a distribution is near zero. When an average of several measurements produces a result less than zero, this indicates a negative bias in the measurement procedure. (1) Reported Values Specific Analyses - All specific radionuclide analyses will be reported as the counting results indicate, whether the number is negative, zero, or positive. Numerical values given are as of sample collection date. vii ------- Gross Analyses - The actual value of gross radioactivity measurements will be reported, unless the value is below the minimum detectable level (MDL) at the 2 sigma confidence level, then < minimum detectable level will be reported. MDL is defined as the 3 sigma error of the background. A tabulation of MDL's is given in the following table. (2) Reported Error Terms Each reported value for specific analyses will be accompanied by a counting error term at the 2 sigma (95%) confidence interval. Potassium concentrations are determined by specific activity analyses. Error terms are therefore reported as counting errors. At the very low levels characteristic of most ERAMS measurements, counting error is the greatest contributor to overall error. (3) Significant Figures All reported values will be rounded to no more than three significant figures. The last significant figure will be increased by one if the figure following is five or greater, otherwise it is left unchanged. (4) Reporting Levels The reporting units, smallest increments for reporting, and minimum detectable levels for each isotope are shown in table 1. Smallest increments are sometimes considerably smaller than minimum detectable amounts to avoid truncation errors in averaging. (5) Averages Averages will be calculated along with appropriate error terms in an annual summary and analysis of ERAMS data. In calculating these averages, all values of individual data including negative numbers will be utilized. Averages will not be included in ERD quarterly reports. viii ------- TABLE 1 ERAMS Reporting Increments and Minimum Detectable Levels for Radionuclide Analyses Radionuclide Gross alpha Gross beta Tritium Carbon-14 Krypton-85 Plutonium-238, 239 Uranium-234 , 235,238 Radium-226 Reporting Media Units Water Air Water Precipitation Water Milk Milk Ambient Air Air Milk Water Air Milk Water Water pCi/1 pCi/m3 pCi/1 nCi/m2 nCi/1 nCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/m3 aCi/m3 pCi/1 pCi/1 aCi/m3 pCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 Reporting Increments 1 pCi/1 .01 pCi/m3 1 pCi/1 .01 nCi/m2 .1 nCi/1 .1 nCi/1 1 pCi/1 .1 pCi/m3 .1 aCi/m3 .001 pCi/1 .001 pCi/1 .1 aCi/m3 .001 pCi/1 .001 pCi/1 .1 pCi/1 Minimum Detectable Levels 2 pCi/1 .01 pCi/m3 1 pCi/1 .01 nCi/m2(a) .2 nCi/1 .2 nCi/1 15 pCi/1 2 pCi/m3 .015 pCi(b) per sample .015 pCi per sample .015 pCi per sample .015 PCiO>) per sample .015 pCi per sample .015 pCi per sample .1 pCi/1 IX ------- Radionuclide Strontium-90 Strontium-89 Iodine-131 Iodine-129 Iodine-127 Cesium-137 Barium-140 Potassium Potass ium-40 Media Milk Water Milk Milk Water Water (specific Milk Milk Milk Water Milk Water Milk Water Water Reporting Units pCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 radiochemical fCi/1 8/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 g/1 g/1 pCi/1 Reporting Increments .1 pCi/1 .1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 .1 pCi/1 analysis) .1 fCi/1 10 g/1 1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 .1 g/1 .1 g/1 1 pCi/1 Minimum Detectable Levels 1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 5 pCi/l(O 10 pCi/l(c) 10 pCi/l(c) .4 pCi/1 .4 fCi/1 10 g/1 10 pCi/1 10 pCi/1 10 pCi/l(c) 10 pCi/l(c) .12 g/1 .12 g/1 100 pCi/1 (a) The value in terms of nCi/m^ would be dependent on precipitation (mm), (b) This value in terms of pCi/m3 would be dependent on the air volume. (c) Activity as of the day of counting. x ------- DATA * EPA ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION AMBIENT MONITORING SYSTEM (ERAMS) SECTION I. Air Program Airborne Particulates and Precipitation Gross beta radioactivity measurements and certain specific analyses are performed on air particulates and precipitation samples as indicator measurements in assessing the general (national) impact of all contributing sources on environmental levels of radiation. Airborne particulates are collected continuously at field stations representing wide geographic coverage, including present and potential sources of environmental radioactivity. Sampling sites are located throughout the United States, Virgin Islands, and the Panama Canal. Filters ( 10-cm diameter synthetic fiber ) from air samplers are changed twice weekly and field measurements are made with a G-M survey meter at 5 hours and 29 hours after collection to allow for radon and thoron daughter product decay. Field estimates are reported to appropriate EPA officials by telephone or mail depending on the activity levels found. The filters are sent to EERF for more sensitive analyses in a low background beta counter. Gamma scans are performed on all filters showing laboratory gross beta counts greater than 1 pCi/nr5. The lower gross beta values reported for laboratory measurements are largely due to the decay of radionuclides which occurred between the times of the field estimates and laboratory measurements. Precipitation samples are collected at the field stations where air filters are collected. These samples are also sent to EERF where they are composited monthly for tritium, gross beta activity measurements and gamma scans. Plutonium-238, -239, and uranium-234, -235, and »238 analyses are performed on samples which exceed 2 pCi/liter gross alpha. ------- May. Tables 2-4 present the monthly average gross beta concentrations in airborne particulates for January - March 1984. Tables 5-7 present the monthly average gross beta concentration in precipitation January - March 1984. The tritium in precipitation samples for January - March 1984 at the selected stations are shown in Table 8. A compilation of individual measurements is available from the EPA, EERF, Montgomery, AL 36193. ------- TABLE 2 AIRBORNE PARTICULATES GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION JANUARY 1984 LOCATION # SAM AL: MONTGOMERY CA:BERKELEY CA:LOS ANGELES CT: HARTFORD DE:WILMINGTON FL:JACKSONVILLE FLrMIAMI GA:ATLANTA HI:HONOLULU IA:IOWA CITY ID:BOISE ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO ME:AUGUSTA MI:LANSING MN:MINNEAPOLIS MO:JEFFERSON CITY MS:JACKSON ND:BISMARCK NH: CONCORD NV:LAS VEGAS NY: ALBANY NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS NY:SYRACUSE OH:COLUMBUS OH:PAINESVILLE OH:TOLEDO OR:PORTLAND PA:HARRISBURG RI:PROVIDENCE SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA SD:PIERRE TN:KNOXVILLE TN:NASHVILLE TX:EL PASO UT:SALT LAKE CITY 5-HR FIELD ESTIMATE MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) EERF LAB MEASUREMENT MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) 9 8 9 9 8 8 9 2 9 8 9 9 3 9 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 5 7 9 6 8 9 9 9 9 5 2 9 9 9 4 9 8 1.0 0.1 0.9 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.4 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.2 3.4 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.9 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.06 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.07 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 ------- TABLE 2 (CONTINUED) AIRBORNE PARTICULATES GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION JANUARY 1984 LOCATION // SAM 5-HR FIELD ESTIMATE MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) EERF LAB MEASUREMENT MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) 9 7 9 9 9 5 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 VA:LYNCHBURG VA:VIRGINIA BEACH WA:SEATTLE WA:SPOKANE WI:MADISON WV:CHARLESTON MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES - .1 pCi/mJ MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT - .01 pCi/m3 ------- TABLE 3 AIRBORNE PARTICULATES GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION FEBRUARY 1984 LOCATION # SAM AL:MONTGOMERY CA: BERKELEY CA:LOS ANGELES CT:HARTFORD DE:WILMINGTON FL:JACKSONVILLE FL:MIAMI GA:ATLANTA HI:HONOLULU IA.-IOWA CITY ID:BOISE ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO KS:TOPEKA ME:AUGUSTA MI:LANSING MN:MINNEAPOLIS MO:JEFFERSON CITY MS:JACKSON ND:BISMARCK NH:CONCORD NV:LAS VEGAS NY .-ALBANY NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS NY:SYRACUSE OH:COLUMBUS OH:PAINESVILLE OH:TOLEDO OR:PORTLAND PA:HARRISBURG RI: PROVIDENCE SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA SD:PIERRE TN:KNOXVILLE TN:NASHVILLE TX:AUSTIN 5-HR FIELD ESTIMATE MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) EERF LAB MEASUREMENT MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) 8 8 8 8 6 6 8 4 7 8 8 8 6 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 4 8 7 5 8 8 8 8 8 5 1 8 8 8 4 8 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.0 1.3 0.4 1.2 0.7 2.9 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.6 1.2 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 ------- TABLE 3 (CONTINUED) AIRBORNE PARTICULATES GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION FEBRUARY 1984 LOCATION # SAM 5-HR FIELD ESTIMATE MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) EERF LAB MEASUREMENT MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) 8 8 8 7 8 8 0.8 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 TX:EL PASO UT:SALT LAKE CITY VA:LYNCHBURG WA:SEATTLE WA:SPOKANE WI:MADISON MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES - .1 MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT - .01 pCi/nf ------- TABLE 4 AIRBORNE PARTICIPATES GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION MARCH 1984 LOCATION # SAM AL: MONTGOMERY CA:BERKELEY CA:LOS ANGELES CO:DENVER CT:HARTFORD DE:WILMINGTON FL:JACKSONVILLE FLrMIAMI GA:ATLANTA HI:HONOLULU IA:IOWA CITY ID:BOISE ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO KS:TOPEKA ME:AUGUSTA .MI :LANSING MN:MINNEAPOLIS MO:JEFFERSON CITY MS:JACKSON ND:BISMARCK NH:CONCORD NM:SANTA FE NV:LAS VEGAS NY:ALBANY NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS NY:SYRACUSE NY:YAPHANK OH:COLUMBUS OH.-PAINESVILLE OH:TOLEDO OR: PORTLAND PA:HARRISBURG RI:PROVIDENCE SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA SD:PIERRE 5-HR FIELD ESTIMATE MAX MEN AVG (pCi/m3) EERF LAB MEASUREMENT MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) 9 8 9 6 9 9 9 9 2 8 9 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 6 9 4 9 9 4 2 9 9 9 9 9 5 3 9 8 0.7 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.3 1.2 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 ------- TABLE 4 (CONTINUED) AIRBORNE PARTICULATES GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION MARCH 1984 LOCATION # SAM 5-HR FIELD ESTIMATE MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) EERF LAB MEASUREMENT MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) TN:KNOXVILLE TN: NASHVILLE TX: AUSTIN TX:EL PASO UT:SALT LAKE CITY VA:LYNCHBURG WA: SEATTLE WA: SPOKANE WI: MAD I SON 8 5 8 10 9 9 7 9 9 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 .6 .8 .6 .5 .1 .5 .0 .1 .3 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 .3 .7 .1 .6 .0 .2 .0 .1 .1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .03 .01 .01 .02 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .01 .01 .01 .01 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES - .1 pCi/m3 MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT - .01 pCi/m3 ------- TABLE 5 GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION JANUARY 1984 LOCATION AL:MONTGOMERY CA:BERKELEY CT:HARTFORD FL:JACKSONVILLE FL:MIAMI ID:BOISE IL:CHICAGO MN:MINNEAPOLIS MS:JACKSON ND:BISMARCK NY .-ALBANY NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS OH:PAINESVILLE OH:TOLEDO OR:PORTLAND PA:HARRISBURG SC.-BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA SD:PIERRE TN:KNOXVILLE TN:NASHVILLE TX:AUSTIN TX:EL PASO VA:LYNCHBURG VA:VIRGINIA BEACH WI:MADISON DEPTH (mm) 145.0 17.2 42.0 102.1 5.0 59.5 25.8 8.2 48.1 12.6 44.8 10.5 24.4 30.0 17.5 12.0 57.5 67.5 125.0 5.0 23.0 30.0 20.0 20.0 196.9 72.5 20.0 ACT. ± 2s (nC±/m2) 0.23 0.01 0.06 0.20 0.01 0.10 0.17 0.07 0.14 0.02 0.08 0.03 0.08 0.14 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.10 0.02 0.03 0.19 0.02 0.08 1.57 0.14 1.50 0.07 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.19 0.04 0.05 SPECIFIC GAMMA ACT. (pCi/1) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR ------- TABLE 6 GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION FEBUARY 1984 LOCATION AL:MONTGOMERY CA:BERKELEY CO:DENVER CT:HARTFORD FL :JACKSONVILLE FLrMIAMI ID:BOISE ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO MI:LANSING MN:MINNEAPOLIS MS:JACKSON ND:BISMARCK NY:ALBANY NY:NIAGARA FALLS OH:COLUMBUS OH:PAINESVILLE OH:TOLEDO OR:PORTLAND PA:HARRISBURG SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA TN:KNOXVILLE TX:AUSTIN WI:MADISON DEPTH ACT. + 2s (mm) SPECIFIC GAMMA ACT. (pCi/1) 120.0 52.9 9.0 67.7 73.2 25.0 54.5 13.8 16.0 42.3 39.5 46.3 8.9 79.8 33.9 17.5 38.1 12.5 112.3 180.0 12.5 155.0 86.3 12.5 11.3 0.20 0.02 0.01 0.14 0.11 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.03 0.11 0.32 0.03 0.02 0.05 0.04 0.01 0.07 0.01 0.07 0.36 0.01 0.16 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.06 0.11 0.01 0.07 0.03 0.01 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 10 ------- TABLE 7 GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION MARCH 1984 LOCATION AL:MONTGOMERY CA:BERKELEY CO:DENVER CT:HARTFORD DC:WASHINGTON FL:JACKSONVILLE FL:MIAMI ID:BOISE ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO MI:LANSING MN:MINNEAPOLIS MS:JACKSON ND:BISMARCK NY:ALBANY NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS OH:COLUMBUS OH:PAINESVILLE OH:TOLEDO OR:PORTLAND PA:HARRISBURG RI:PROVIDENCE SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA SD:PIERRE TN:KNOXVILLE TN:NASHVILLE TX:AUSTIN TX:EL PASO VA:LYNCHBURG WA:SEATTLE DEPTH (mm) 115.0 47.3 22.0 125.5 20.0 170.2 55.0 53.8 36.0 123.1 66.8 11.9 74.4 60.0 28.3 7.4 68.4 102.0 68.1 12.5 132.3 59.8 125.0 156.0 158.8 20.0 73.6 70.0 60.0 10.0 128.8 32.5 ACT. ± 2s (nCi/m2) 0.38 0.05 0.13 0.25 0.15 0.16 0.03 0.06 0.11 0.21 0.07 0.04 0.16 0.13 0.02 0.00 0.15 0.15 0.12 0.05 0.25 0.06 0.17 0.14 0.62 0.03 0.06 0.11 0.05 0.01 0.12 0.03 0.07 0.02 0.02 0.07 0.02 0.08 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.06 0.03 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.01 0.07 0.03 0.06 0.07 0.11 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.06 0.02 SPECIFIC GAMMA ACT. (pCi/1) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 11 ------- TABLE 8 PRECIPITATION TRITIUM CONCENTRATION JANUARY - MARCH 1984 JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH LOCATION AL: MONTGOMERY CA: BERKELEY CO:DENVER CT:HARTFORD DC:WASHINGTON FL:JACKSONVILLE FL:MIAMI ID:BOISE ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO MIrLANSING MN:MINNEAPOLIS MS:JACKSON ND:BISMARCK NY:ALBANY NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS OH:COLUMBUS OH:PAINESVILLE OH:TOLEDO OR:PORTLAND PA:HARRISBURG RI:PROVIDENCE SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA SD:PIERRE TN:KNOXVILLE TN:NASHVILLE TX:AUSTIN TX:EL PASO VA:LYNCHBURG VA:VIRGINIA BEACH WA:SEATTLE WI:MADISON nCi/1 + 2s nCi/1 + 2s nCi/1 + 2s 0. 0. NS 0. NS 0. 0. 0. NS 0. NS 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. NS 0. 0. 0. 0. NS 3. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. NS 0. 4 1 2 4 3 1 3 5 2 2 3 2 4 3 2 1 2 5 4 1 4 2 1 1 3 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 0. 0. 0. 0. NS 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. NS 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. NS 0. 0. NS 0. NS 0. NS NS NS NS 0. 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 3 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 7 1 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. NS 0. NS 2 1 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 3 4 4 1 2 1 1 3 5 1 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 NS NO SAMPLE s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 12 ------- Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates Environmental radiation levels of plutonium and uranium are determined by the analyses of quarterly composite samples (air filters) collected from the 67 continuously operating airborne particulate samplers. Analyses of the composited filters consist of ashing, separating by liquid ion exchange, and coprecipitation of the plutonium or uranium. Concentration of the specific isotopes of plutonium-238, -239, and uranium-234, ~235, and -238 are determined by alpha spectroscopy. The volume of air analyzed normally ranges from 25,000 to 40,000 m^ for each quarterly composite. Plutonium and uranium in airborne particulates data for July September 1983 are shown in Table 9. 13 ------- TABLE 9 PLUTONIUM AND URANIUM IN AIRBORNE PARTICULATES JULY - SEPTEMBER 1983 COMPOSITES 238 Pu 239 Pu 234 U 235T 238T LOCATION AL:MONTGOMERY CA:BERKELEY CA:LOS ANGELES CO:DENVER CT:HARTFORD DErWILMINGTON FL:JACKSONVILLE FL:MIAMI HI:HONOLULU LA:IOWA CITY IDrBOISE ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO IN:INDIANAPOLIS ME:AUGUSTA MIrLANSING MN:MINNEAPOLIS MO:JEFFERSON CITY MS:JACKSON ND:BISMARCK NH:CONCORD NJ:TRENTON NV:LAS VEGAS NY:ALBANY NY:NIAGARA FALLS NY:YAPHANK OH:COLUMBUS OH:PAINESVILLE OH:TOLEDO OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OR:PORTLAND PA:HARRISBURG PA:PITTSBURGH RI:PROVIDENCE SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA SD:PIERRE TN:KNOXVILLE TN:NASHVILLE TX:AUSTIN .C±/m3+ 2s aCi/m3+ : 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 .4 .2 .9 .1 .2 .0 .2 .2 .1 .2 .7 .7 .6 .3 .1 .0 .2 .8 .6 .3 .3 .3 .5 .2 .0 .1 .8 .1 .3 .8 .3 .3 .0 .3 .3 .7 .2 .1 .8 .4 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1. 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, .6 .3 .9 .4 .4 .6 .2 .4 .3 .3 .9 .1 .8 .4 .3 .4 .3 .3 .8 .1 .4 .2 .6 .3 .6 .2 .6 .2 .4 .0 .4 .3 .2 .4 .8 .7 .7 .3 .6 .8 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 3 2 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 1 2 .6 .1 .7 .3 .7 .3 .3 .6 .6 .7 .6 .6 .4 .7 .1 .0 .0 .1 .4 .9 .1 .0 .8 .8 .6 .0 .9 .0 .7 .7 .7 .8 .0 .1 .2 .0 .8 .9 .3 .1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 .9 .7 .8 .6 .5 .7 .4 .4 .5 .6 .9 .5 .3 .5 .6 .5 .9 .6 .8 .0 .6 .8 .1 .8 .9 .3 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 .5 .6 .1 .5 .5 .5 .7 .1 aCi/m3+ 17 18 42 53 14 12 16 21 26 26 44 27 58 28 12 16 19 20 15 33 8 16 79 27 49 9 49 20 31 62 21 22 50 15 30 34 20 32 23 17 .6 .3 .4 .2 .2 .4 .2 .6 .3 .9 .2 .2 .7 .5 .5 .0 .7 .7 .9 .9 .1 .5 .3 .9 .2 .4 .3 .2 .6 .4 .8 .6 .7 .4 .1 .7 .6 .8 .7 .3 3 4 7 8 2 2 2 2 4 4 7 5 10 6 2 2 3 3 2 6 1 3 10 4 7 3 6 3 5 10 3 3 9 3 6 4 3 5 4 3 2s .2 .3 .1 .3 .7 .2 .9 .9 .7 .0 .5 .3 .0 .9 .4 .6 .5 .8 .7 .3 .8 .7 .6 .4 .4 .3 .7 .6 .1 .2 .4 .6 .2 .0 .8 .5 .3 .3 .2 .3 aCi/m3+ 2s 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 0 2 0 3 1 2 0 0 0 1 2 1 2 0 1 2 1 2 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 3 0 2 2 0 1 1 1 .8 .5 .5 .3 .7 .4 .6 .6 .2 .8 .2 .4 .6 .7 .7 .8 .1 .0 .2 .6 .2 .3 .2 .8 .6 .1 .1 .9 .3 .1 .6 .2 .1 .1 .1 .0 .7 .3 .1 .8 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 .6 .6 .4 .2 .8 .3 .5 .3 .1 .5 .6 .0 .7 .0 .5 .5 .7 .9 .8 .4 .3 .9 .2 .9 .2 .1 .9 .6 .8 .0 .4 .6 .5 .2 .5 .8 .5 .9 .7 .9 aCi/m3+ 2 19 7 36 45 13 9 15 18 16 30 34 30 47 29 11 16 20 19 9 30 8 18 46 26 50 9 49 20 35 63 12 22 44 15 18 32 22 31 20 16 .2 .4 .2 .5 .1 .5 .6 .9 .3 .1 .3 .6 .6 .1 .4 .9 .4 .3 .7 .1 .9 .4 .9 .7 .9 .0 .3 .9 .1 .0 .7 .2 .2 .0 .6 .0 .1 .2 .0 .5 3 2 6 7 2 1 2 2 3 4 6 5 8 6 2 2 3 3 2 5 1 3 7 4 7 3 6 3 5 10 2 3 8 3 5 4 3 5 3 3 .4 .6 .3 .3 .6 .8 .8 .6 .4 .4 .2 .7 .6 .9 .3 .7 .6 .6 .0 .8 .9 .9 .1 .3 .5 .0 .7 .7 .5 .2 .3 .5 .3 .0 .1 .3 .5 .1 .8 .2 14 ------- TABLE 9 (CONTINUED) PLUTONIUM AND URANIUM IN AIRBORNE PARTICULATES JULY - SEPTEMBER 1983 COMPOSITES 238pu 239pu LOCATION aCi/m3+ 2s aCi/m3+ 2s aC±/m3+ 2s aCi/m3+ 2s aCi/m3+ 2s UTrSALT LAKE CITY 0.6 0.7 2.2 1.0 26.7 4.1 1.1 0.6 27.9 4.2 VArLYNCHBURG 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.6 415.6 51.8 8.8 2.1 18.5 3.5 WA:SEATTLE 1.0 0.6 2.3 0.9 9.6 2.1 0.5 0.4 6.8 1.7 WA:SPOKANE 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.7 46.0 9.1 1.9 1.5 42.1 8.6 WV:CHARLESTON 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.5 24.2 5.6 3.1 1.7 28.1 6.3 s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 15 ------- Krypton-85 Krypton-85 Is a long-lived noble gas with a half life of 10.8 years. It is released into the atmosphere by nuclear reactor operations, fuel fabrication, fuel reprocessing, and nuclear detonations. Krypton-85 also occurs naturally in minor quantities primarily from the neutron capture of stable krypton-84 as well as spontaneous fission and neutron-induced fission of uranium. Monitoring of krypton-85 in the atmosphere has been conducted to identify and establish baseline levels and long-term trends. Krypton-85 analysis began in January 1973 with sample collections and analyses being performed for 12 sampling locations. These locations were selected to provide atmospheric coverage of the United States with considerations being given to the proximity to fuel reprocessing plants, nuclear reactors, and wide geographic coverage. Dry compressed air samples, collected at each location, are purchased from commercial air suppliers annually and shipped to the EERF where the krypton-85 is cryogenically separated and counted in a liquid scintillation system. The Kr-85 results will be published when they are available. 16 ------- DATA - EPA ERAMS SECTION II. Water Program The ERAMS water program provides ambient radiation data to assess the effects of nuclear fallout, the natural radiation environment, and other nuclear sources on the nation's rivers, streams and drinking water supplies. Surface Water Grab samples are taken quarterly at 58 stations located downstream from operating or future nuclear facilities. Surface water monitoring consists of tritium analyses quarterly and gamma scans annually. Tritium is the primary radioactive pollutant from nuclear power plants. Tritium concentrations are determined by liquid scintillation counting of distilled samples. Gamma scans are performed annually to determine if there is a buildup of other contaminants. Tritium concentrations for surface water samples for January March 1984 are given in Table 10. 17 ------- TABLE 10 SURFACE WATER TRITIUM CONCENTRATION JANUARY - MARCH 1984 LOCATION AL:DECATUR AL:DOTHAN AL:SCOTTSBORO CA:DIABLO CANYON CA:EUREKA CO:GREELEY CT:EAST HADDAM CT:WATERFORD FL:CRYSTAL RIVER FL:FT. PIERCE FL:HOMESTEAD IA:CEDAR RAPIDS ID:BUHL IL:MOLINE IL:MORRIS IL:OREGON IL:ZION LA:NEW ORLEANS MA:PLYMOUTH MA:ROWE MD:CONOWINGO MD:LUSBY ME:WISCASSET MI:CHARLEVOIX MI .-MONROE MN:MONTICELLO MN:RED WING MS:PORT GIBSON NC:CHARLOTTE NC:SOUTHPORT NE:RULO NV:BOULDER CITY NY:OSSINING NY.-OSWEGO NY:POUGHKEEPSIE OH .'TOLEDO OR:BRADWOOD PA:DANVILLE SC:ALLENDALE SOURCE TENNESSEE RIVER CHATTAHOOCHEE R. TENNESSEE RIVER PACIFIC OCEAN HUMBOLDT BAY SOUTH PLATTE RIVER CONNECTICUT RIVER LONG ISLAND SOUND GULF OF MEXICO ATLANTIC OCEAN BISCAYNE BAY CEDAR RIVER SNAKE RIVER MISSISSIPPI RIVER ILLINOIS RIVER ROCK RIVER LAKE MICHIGAN MISSISSIPPI RIVER CAPE CODE BAY DEERFIELD RIVER SUSQUEHANNA RIVER CHESAPEAKE BAY MONTSEWAY BAY LAKE MICHIGAN LAKE ERIE MISSISSIPPI RIVER MISSISSIPPI RIVER MISSISSIPPI RIVER CATAWBA RIVER ATLANTIC OCEAN MISSOURI RIVER COLORADO RIVER HUDSON RIVER LAKE ONTARIO HUDSON RIVER LAKE ERIE COLUMBIA RIVER SUSQUEHANNA RIVER SAVANNAH RIVER DATE COLLECTED I/ 6/84 1/12/84 I/ 4/84 1/20/84 I/ 5/84 1/10/84 3/21/84 3/15/84 I/ 5/84 1/18/84 1/11/84 1/10/84 1/20/84 2/15/83 I/ 6/84 1/31/84 2/21/84 1/12/84 I/ 5/84 21 2/84 1/10/84 1/10/84 1/10/84 I/ 7/84 I/ 8/84 I/ 6/84 1/16/84 1/26/84 1/12/84 I/ 5/84 I/ 4/84 1/10/84 I/ 4/84 1/15/84 I/ 4/84 I/ 3/84 21 3/84 1/11/84 I/ 2/84 nCi/1 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 6.5 + 2s 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 18 ------- TABLE 10 (CONTINUED) SURFACE WATER TRITIUM CONCENTRATION JANUARY - MARCH 1984 LOCATION SC:BROAD RIVER SC:HARTSVILLE TN:DAISY TNrKINGSTON TX:EL PASO TXrMATAGORDA VA:DOSWELL WA:NORTHPORT WA:RICHLAND WI:TWO CREEKS WI:VICTORY WV-: WHEELING SOURCE BROAD RIVER LAKE ROBINSON TENNESSEE RIVER CLINCH RIVER RIO GRANDE COLORADO RIVER NORTH ANNA RIVER COLUMBIA RIVER COLUMBIA RIVER LAKE MICHIGAN MISSISSIPPI RIVER OHIO RIVER DATE COLLECTED 21 8/84 I/ 3/84 2/ 9/84 I/ 6/84 1/26/84 I/ 9/84 1/12/84 1/11/84 1/20/84 1/16/84 I/ 9/84 1/24/84 nCi/1 0.3 2s .7 .5 0. 0. 4.8 0.2 0.2 3.8 0.2 0. 0. .3 .4 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 19 ------- Drinking Water The drinking water program provides ambient radiation monitoring relevant to the effects of the nuclear power industry, natural environmental levels, and other pertinent sources. These data serve to assess trends and anomalies in concentrations, and to compare with standards set forth in the EPA "National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations." These regulations provide for approval of supplies when the combined radium-226 and radium-228 levels do not exceed 5 pCi/1, when the gross alpha (excluding radon and uranium) levels do not exceed 15 pCi/1, when tritium levels do not exceed 20,000 pCi/1, when the strontium-90 levels do not exceed 8 pCi/1, and when the gross beta levels do not exceed 50 pCi/1. Grab samples are taken at 78 sites which are either major population centers or selected nuclear facility environs. The analyses include (a) tritium on a quarterly basis (b) gross alpha, gross beta, strontium-90 and gamma on annual composites. Radium-226 analyses are performed if the gross alpha exceeds 2 pCi/1; and radium-228 analyses are performed if the radium-226 activity falls between 3 and 5 pCi/1) (c) specific iodine-131 is performed on one quarterly sample per year for each station (d) an annual composite for plutonium-238, -239, uranium-234, -235, -238, for stations which demonstrate gross alpha levels greater than 2 pCi/1. Tritium analyses are performed by scintillation counting of the distilled samples, gross beta, and gross alpha by evaporating an aliquot on stainless steel planchets for counting, and radium-226 by the standard emanation technique. Strontium-90 is determined by beta counting a strontium carbonate precipitate isolated by ion exchange. The results of tritium in drinking water analyses for January March 1984 are shown in Table 11. All samples were taken as either a single grab sample or composite samples taken over 12 to 14 days. 20 ------- TABLE 11 DRINKING WATER TRITIUM CONCENTRATION JANUARY - MARCH 1984 LOCATION AK:FAIRBANKS AL:DOTHAN AL:MONTGOMERY AL:MUSCLE SHOALS ALrSCOTTSBORO CA:BERKELEY CArLOS ANGELES COrDENVER CO:PLATTEVILLE CTrHARTFORD DE .-DOVER FL:MIAMI FL:TAMPA GA:SAVANNAH HI:HONOLULU IA:CEDAR RAPIDS ID:BOISE ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:MORRIS IL:W. CHICAGO KS:TOPEKA LA:NEW ORLEANS MA:LAWRENCE MA:ROWE MD:BALTIMORE MD:CONOWINGO ME:AUGUSTA MI:DETROIT MI:GRAND RAPIDS MN:MINNEAPOLIS MN:RED WING MS:JACKSON MS:PORT GIBSON MT:HELENA NC:CHARLOTTE NC:WILMINGTON ND:BISMARCK NE:LINCOLN DATE COLLECTED 1/11/84 1/16/84 1/10/84 I/ 5/84 I/ 4/84 1/11/84 I/ 4/84 1/27/84 1/27/84 I/ 6/84 I/ 3/84 I/ 3/84 1/23/84 1/10/84 1/25/84 1/11/84 1/17/84 1/20/84 I/ 4/84 I/ 5/84 I/ 4/84 1/30/84 I/ 4/84 21 2/84 I/ 3/84 1/10/84 I/ 4/84 I/ 9/84 1/12/84 I/ 3/84 1/16/84 1/12/84 1/10/84 I/ 3/84 1/12/84 I/ 5/84 I/ 4/84 1/11/84 nCi/1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 3.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 ± 2s 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 21 ------- TABLE 11 (CONTINUED) DRINKING WATER TRITIUM CONCENTRATION JANUARY - MARCH 1984 LOCATION NM:SANTA FE NV:LAS VEGAS NY:ALBANY NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS NY:SYRACUSE OH CINCINNATI OH:COLUMBUS OH:EAST LIVERPOOL OH:PAINESVILLE OH:TOLEDO OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OR:PORTLAND PA:COLUMBIA PA:HARRISBURG PA PITTSBURGH PC:ANCON RI:PROVIDENCE SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA SC:HARTSVILLE SC:JENKINSVILLE SC: SENECA TN:CHATTANOOGA TN:KNOXVILLE TX:AUSTIN VA:DOSWELL VA:LYNCHBURG VA:VIRGINIA BEACH VI:ST. THOMAS WA:RICHLAND WA:SEATTLE WI:GENOA CITY WI:MADISON DATE COLLECTED I/ 4/84 I/ 5/84 1/11/84 I/ 6/84 I/ 5/84 1/10/84 I/ 3/84 1/10/84 1/12/84 1/10/84 I/ 4/84 I/ 4/84 I/ 4/84 1/12/84 1/11/84 1/12/84 1/19/84 I/ 6/84 I/ 4/84 I/ 3/84 21 7/84 1/27/84 1/24/84 1/31/84 I/ 4/84 I/ 9/84 2/21/84 I/ 3/84 11 6/84 1/26/84 1/20/84 I/ 9/84 1/10/84 I/ 5/84 nCi/1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 + 2s 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 22 ------- SECTION III. External Gamma Ambient Monitoring Program The external gamma monitoring program, which began in October 1978, provides a continuous measurement of ambient gamma exposure rates, including cosmic, at selected sites throughout the continental United States. Data from this program will be used to evaluate fluctuations in natural background due to variations in environmental conditions and to provide a means of monitoring any significant increases in ambient gamma levels due to weapons fallout, reactor operations, etc. Initially, the program will consist of approximately 22 sites representing a wide geographic coverage throughout the country. Hopefully, at some later date additional sites will be added to the program. Although exposure measurements at these few sites are not totally representative of nationwide exposures, they will be indicative of national trends. The monitoring program utilizes CaF2.-Mn thermo luminescent dosimeters (TLD's). These dosimeters are commercially available glass-bulb type dosimeters with energy compensating shields. A group of four TLD's is located at each station or site. Dosimeters are annealed by the station operator prior to positioning in the field. The dosimeters are returned to EERF for readout on an approximate one-month cycle. Several dosimeters are annealed by the station operator as controls and returned with the exposed field dosimeters to correct for any exposures accumulated during shipment. Results from the period January - March 1984 are shown in Table 12. 23 ------- TABLE 12 ENVIRONMENTAL GAMMA AMBIENT MONITORING PROGRAM INTEGRATED EXPOSURE LOCATION DATE RANGE EXPOSURE RATE MR MICRO R/HR + 2 s * AL:MONTGOMERY AL: MONTGOMERY AL:MONTGOMERY CA:BERKELEY CA:BERKELEY CA:BERKELEY CO :DENVER CO:DENVER CO :DENVER FL: ORLANDO FL:ORLANDO ID:BOISE ID:BOISE ID:BOISE IL:CHICAGO IL:CHICAGO ND:BISMARCK ND:BISMARCK ND:BISMARCK ND:BISMARCK NJ:TRENTON NM:SANTA FE NM:SANTA FE NM:SANTA FE NM:SANTA FE NV:LAS VEGAS NV:LAS VEGAS NV:LAS VEGAS NY:NEW YORK NY:NEW YORK OH: COLUMBUS OH: COLUMBUS OH:'COLUMBUS OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OR:PORTLAND OR:PORTLAND OR:PORTLAND PA:HARRISBURG PA:HARRISBURG PA:HARRISBURG 10384- 20184 20184- 30184 30184- 40284 11384- 20184 20184- 30584 30584- 33084 11284- 20684 20684- 30284 30284- 40384 11684- 20684 20684- 32284 11284- 20984 20984- 30884 30884- 40584 10684- 30284 30284- 40584 90683-100583 11184- 13084 13084- 22884 22884- 40284 91483-100383 120783- 11784 11784- 21784 21784- 30984 30984- 41084 10984- 13184 13184- 22884 22884- 33084 121583- 22184 22184- 31284 10984- 20184 20184- 30184 30184- 40284 122083- 20284 20284- 31284 31284- 41084 11284- 13184 13184- 30584 30584- 40484 11384- 13084 13084- 30584 30584- 40284 4.9 4.4 5.4 2.7 4.5 3.5 9.2 9.0 11.5 3.1 6.1 7.5 7.8 7.8 9.9 5.9 6.3 4.1 6.8 8.4 4.5 13.9 10.7 6.9 10.8 3.8 4.2 5.1 9.4 5.1 3.7 4.7 5.2 8.2 6.8 5.3 3.6 6.1 5.7 2.6 5.1 4.3 7.0 6.6 6.8 6.0 5.9 5.8 15.3 15.7 14.5 6.2 5.8 11.1 12.0 11.3 7.5 7.0 9.1 9.1 9.8 10.2 9.8 14.2 14.4 14.4 13.6 7.2 6.2 7.1 5.8 11.2 6.6 6.9 6.6 7.7 7.4 7.4 7.9 7.7 7.7 6.5 6.2 6.1 7.0 7.1 10.5 5.5 8.5 19.0 7.1 5.1 7.1 9.2 7.9 9.3 4.9 9.4 6.7 8.1 13.6 7.6 12.3 5.1 8.0 23.9 7.1 5.1 7.4 7.1 11.3 9.6 12.8 7.2 14.3 16.8 10.5 5.6 8.0 8.2 7.7 9.1 8.6 13.6 8.0 8.3 24 ------- TABLE 12 (CONTINUED) ENVIRONMENTAL GAMMA AMBIENT MONITORING PROGRAM INTEGRATED EXPOSURE LOCATION DATE RANGE EXPOSURE RATE RI:PROVIDENCE RI:PROVIDENCE RI:PROVIDENCE SCrBARNWELL SC:BARNWELL SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA SC:COLUMBIA SC:COLUMBIA TN:KNOXVILLE TN:KNOXVILLE TN:KNOXVILLE VA:RICHMOND VA:RICHMOND VA:RICHMOND VT:MONTPELIER VT:MONTPELIER VT:MONTPELIER VT:MONTPELIER MR 10684- 21584 21584- 30584 30584- 41384 11284- 13084 13084- 30184 30184- 40584 10684- 12784 12784- 22884 22884- 33084 10584- 20184 20184- 30284 30284- 40684 11184- 20284 20284- 30184 30184- 40284 121283- 12084 12084- 21084 21084- 30584 30584- 40484 9.5 4.7 10.0 3.5 6.2 6.6 4.1 6.2 6.3 6.5 7.2 8.1 3.7 5.8 6.4 7.0 3.5 4.1 4.9 MICRO R/HR + 2 s * 9.9 11.0 10.4 8.1 8.6 7.6 8.2 8.0 8.7 10.0 10.3 9.4 7.0 8.9 8.1 7.5 6.9 7.3 6.6 3.9 5.6 8.0 6.3 7.3 7.8 6.4 5.9 7.1 6.3 6.7 7.6 11.2 12.0 5.9 8.4 14.3 13.2 7.6 * s = SIGMA ERROR (IN PERCENT) 25 ------- SECTION IV. Milk Program Pasteurized Milk This is a cooperative program of the EPA, ORP and the Dairy and Lipid Products Branch, Milk Sanitation Section, Food and Drug Administration. Milk is a reliable indicator of the general populations intake of radionuclides since it is consumed by a large segment of the population and contains several of the biologically important contaminants resulting from environmental releases from nuclear activities. A primary function of this program is to obtain reliable monitoring data relative to current radionuclide concentrations and determine any long-term trends. Monthly samples are collected at 65 sampling sites with one or more located in each state, Puerto Rico, and the Panama Canal. These are composite samples representing more than 80 percent of the milk consumed in a given population center. These samples are analyzed for iodine-131, barium-140, cesium-137, and potassium. All 65 samples are analyzed annually in July for strontium-89, and strontium-90. Also, for the first month of the three quarters beginning January, April and October, 10 regional composite samples of milk made up from the states within each of EPA's 10 regions are analyzed for strontium-89 and strontium-90. Iodine-131, barium-140, cesium-137 and potassium are determined by gamma spectral analysis. Strontium-89 and strontium~90 are determined by beta counting a total strontium precipitate which has been chemically separated by ion-exchange. The values from the pasteurized milk samples for January - March 1984 are shown in Tables 13-15. Strontium values from regional composite samples collected January - March 1984 are shown in Table 16. Tritium in Milk It was previously proposed to analyze all 65 milk samples for tritium in the aqueous and organic phases, on an annual basis (on the April sample). The EERF is currently evaluating alternative analytical techniques anticipating that these analyses will begin during the coming year. 26 ------- TABLE 13 CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK JANUARY 1984 LOCATION AL:MONTGOMERY AR:LITTLE ROCK CA:LOS ANGELES CA:SACRAMENTO CA:SAN FRANCISCO CO:DENVER CT:HARTFORD DC:WASHINGTON FL:TAMPA HI:HONOLULU IA:DES MOINES ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO IN:INDIANAPOLIS KS:WICHITA KY:LOUISVILLE LA:NEW ORLEANS MA:BOSTON MD:BALTIMORE ME:PORTLAND MI:DETROIT MI:GRAND RAPIDS MNMINNEAPOLIS MN:ST PAUL MO:KANSAS CITY MO:ST LOUIS MS:JACKSON MT: HELENA NC:CHARLOTTE ND:MINOT NE:OMAHA NH:MANCHESTER NJ:TRENTON NM: ALBUQUERQUE NV:LAS VEGAS NY:BUFFALO NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:SYRACUSE DATE COLLECTED I/ I/ 5/84 3/84 1/17/84 11 I/ I/ 11 I/ I/ I/ I/ I/ I/ I/ I/ I/ I/ 3/84 4/84 3/84 6/84 6/84 9/84 3/84 9/84 2/84 9/84 6/84 3/84 3/84 2/84 1/10/84 I/ I/ I/ I/ I/ I/ I/ I/ 6/84 4/84 4/84 3/84 9/84 4/84 5/84 4/84 1/10/84 I/ I/ 3/84 3/84 1/16/84 I/ I/ I/ I/ I/ I/ I/ I/ 6/84 9/84 4/84 3/84 9/84 9/84 9/84 3/84 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 K 8/1+28 .55 .51 .60 .59 .62 .52 .60 .71 .64 .67 .52 .64 .57 .49 .71 .57 .48 .68 .63 .57 .61 .59 .54 .63 .60 .59 .57 .67 .57 .72 .44 .58 .60 .58 .45 .64 .70 .64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .12 .08 .12 .12 .12 .08 .12 .13 .12 .09 .12 .12 .12 .12 .13 .08 .12 .13 .08 .08 .12 .08 .12 .12 .12 .12 .12 .13 .23 .13 .08 .12 .09 .12 .12 .12 .13 .12 137 Cs pCi/l+2s 5 2 -2 2 -4 0 -1 -1 11 0 1 5 -1 2 3 -2 5 3 0 2 2 0 1 -4 0 5 7 6 11 0 2 -2 1 -2 -2 -1 0 3 7 5 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 5 5 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 14 7 5 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 140 Ba pCi/l+2s -7 -2 -4 -2 1 1 -3 -5 -6 2 7 4 -5 -5 1 1 -3 "•6 0 1 0 -2 -3 -2 -8 5 -4 •••1 -2 -6 4 -5 5 1 6 -7 -4 -4 8 6 8 8 8 6 8 8 8 6 8 8 8 8 8 6 8 8 6 6 8 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 20 8 6 8 6 8 8 8 8 8 131] [ pCi/l+2s 2 -1 3 -3 -3 -4 -2 2 -5 0 -6 4 -1 4 -1 -2 1 0 W.O -6 -1 2 -L -4. 4 -2. 4 4 -3 1 0 3 0 -2 -2 0 3 4 7 5 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 5 5 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 14 7 5 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 27 ------- TABLE 13 (CONTINUED) CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK JANUARY 1984 LOCATION OH:CINCINNATI OH:CLEVELAND OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OR:PORTLAND PA PHILADELPHIA PA:PITTSBURGH PC:CRISTOBAL PR:SAN JUAN SC:CHARLESTON SD:RAPID CITY TN:CHATTANOOGA TN:KNOXVILLE TN:MEMPHIS TX:AUSTIN UT:SALT LAKE CITY VA:NORFOLK VT:BURLINGTON WA:SEATTLE WA:SPOKANE WI:MILWAUKEE WV:CHARLESTON WYiLARAMIE DATE COLLECTED I/ 9/84 I/ 9/84 1/16/84 I/ 9/84 I/ 3/84 I/ 3/84 1/26/84 1/13/84 1/23/84 1/26/84 I/ 3/84 I/ 3/84 1/26/84 11 2/84 I/ 7/84 1/20/84 I/ 3/84 I/ 3/84 I/ 3/84 11 3/84 1/25/84 I/ 9/84 K g/l±2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .64 .62 .71 .57 .67 .54 .50 .65 .77 .46 .58 .62 .57 .54 .66 .51 .52 .62 .47 .64 .59 .65 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 s .12 .12 .13 .12 .13 .12 .12 .23 .23 .12 .12 .12 .12 .12 .13 .12 .12 .09 .12 .12 .12 .12 137 Cs pCi/l+2s -2 4 -4 1 ~-*7 i 8 3 15 2 6 -2 -2 4 -2 3 7 2 5 » 9 -2 -4 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 14 15 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 140 Ba pCi/l+2s -7 -6 •fcfl — 6 0 1 -4 -9 5 -3 •••9 -5 5 *"• S 4 4 —7 2 -5 1 1 -6 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 19 20 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 6 8 8 8 8 131 I pCi/l+2s 5 3 -1 -3 1 1 "-^ -1 14 1 7 2 ••.O 6 2 0 1 1 5 0 -4 "•^ 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 14 14 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 28 ------- TABLE 14 ' CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK FEBRUARY 1984 LOCATION AL:MONTGOMERY AR:LITTLE ROCK AZ:PHOENIX CA:LOS ANGELES CA:SACRAMENTO CArSAN FRANCISCO COrDENVER CO: DENVER CT:HARTFORD DC:WASHINGTON FL:TAMPA GA:ATLANTA HI:HONOLULU IA:DES MOINES ID .-IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO IN: INDIANAPOLIS KS:WICHITA KY:LOUISVILLE LA:NEW ORLEANS MA:BOSTON MD: BALTIMORE ME PORTLAND MI:DETROIT MN: MINNEAPOLIS MN:ST PAUL MO:KANSAS CITY MO:ST LOUIS MS:JACKSON MT:HELENA NC:CHARLOTTE ND:MINOT NE:OMAHA NH:MANCHESTER NM:ALBUQUERQUE NY .-BUFFALO NY:NEW YORK CITY NY SYRACUSE DATE COLLECTED 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 9/84 6/84 8/84 8/84 1/84 8/84 1/84 2/29/84 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 6/84 3/84 8/84 6/84 7/84 6/84 1/84 6/84 6/84 6/84 7/84 2/84 7/84 3/84 7/84 9/84 6/84 1/84 8/84 8/84 7/84 6/84 7/84 6/84 2/14/84 21 21 21 21 21 6/84 6/84 6/84 6/84 6/84 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 K g/l±2s .46 .58 .58 .65 .59 .53 .44 .51 .57 .54 .63 .58 .65 .59 .62 .57 .59 .57 .55 .59 .49 .63 .80 .63 .67 .87 .51 .62 .56 .62 .84 .57 .61 .51 .55 .52 .67 .65 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 12 12 12 12 08 12 12 12 12 12 12 08 12 08 12 12 12 12 12 08 12 12 23 12 13 24 12 12 12 12 24 12 12 12 12 12 13 12 137 Cs pCi/l+2s ••.O 3 -1 -1 -2 2 -4 -3 -1 1 8 2 ••-I 4 2 -5 -4 -1 2 5 10 5 4 3 0 9 0 4 3 ™-1 1 -3 1 5 -6 -5 -1 2 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 14 7 7 14 7 7 7 7 14 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 140R_ 131T Dei -L pCi/l+2s 1 6 -2 1 -2 4 2 0 -9 5 1 0 -3 -4 5 -3 0 -2 -2 -5 0 0 3 0 -1 8 0 -3 1 -3 -3 -1 1 -1 0 2 5 1 8 8 8 8 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 6 8 6 8 8 8 8 8 6 8 8 20 8 8 20 8 8 8 8 20 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 pCi/l+2s -1 0 4 -7 -2 -3 -3 -1 3 -4 0 0 -1 0 1 3 1 0 -1 2 -5 -5 5 -1 -1 -9. 0 1. -3 -1 1 1 -6 -3 0 -4 -7 3 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 14 7 7 14 7 7 7 7 14 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 29 ------- TABLE 14 (CONTINUED) CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK FEBRUARY 1984 LOCATION OH:CINCINNATI OH:CLEVELAND OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OR:PORTLAND PA:PHILADELPHIA PA:PITTSBURGH PC:CRISTOBAL PR:SAN JUAN SD:RAPID CITY TN:CHATTANOOGA TN:KNOXVILLE TN:MEMPHIS TX:AUSTIN UT:SALT LAKE CITY VT:BURLINGTON WA:SEATTLE WI:MILWAUKEE WY:LARAMIE DATE COLLECTED 11 6/84 21 7/84 2/13/84 2/14/84 2/ 6/84 21 8/84 2/23/84 2/ 2/84 2/23/84 21 7/84 21 6/84 2/23/84 21 6/84 21 6/84 21 3/84 21 1/84 21 1/84 21 7/84 K g/l±2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .55 .53 .58 .65 .59 .40 .57 .59 .62 .53 .69 .52 .50 .53 .66 .63 .62 .57 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 s .12 .12 .12 .09 .08 .12 .12 .16 .12 .12 .23 .12 .12 .12 .09 .12 .08 .08 u/ Cs pCi/l+2s -1 0 2 3 1 0 11 5 8 2 11 "•1 3 5 0 -1 2 -2 7 7 7 5 5 7 7 10 7 7 14 7 7 7 5 7 5 5 i<4U Ba pCi/l+2s -7 -1 5 0 -2 3 »k1 1 5 5 9 6 •^0 -1 0 -6 "-9 0 8 8 8 6 6 8 8 14 8 8 20 8 8 8 6 8 6 6 iji I pCi/l+2s -3 1 -4 0 0 5 -4 0 -2 -6 9 0 5 -4 0 1 -4 1 7 7 7 5 5 7 7 10 7 7 14 7 7 7 5 7 5 5 SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 30 ------- TABLE 15 CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK MARCH 1984 LOCATION AL:MONTGOMERY AR:LITTLE ROCK AZ:PHOENIX CArLOS ANGELES CA:SACRAMENTO CA:SAN FRANCISCO CT:HARTFORD FL:TAMPA GA:ATLANTA HI:HONOLULU IA:DES MOINES ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO KS:WICHITA KY:LOUISVILLE LA:NEW ORLEANS MA:BOSTON MD:BALTIMORE ME:PORTLAND MI :DETROIT MI:GRAND RAPIDS MN:MINNEAPOLIS MN:ST PAUL MO:KANSAS CITY MO:ST LOUIS MS:JACKSON MT:HELENA NC:CHARLOTTE NDrMINOT ND:MINOT NE:OMAHA NH:MANCHESTER NJ:TRENTON NM:ALBUQUERQUE NV:LAS VEGAS NY:BUFFALO NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:SYRACUSE DATE COLLECTED 3/ 3/ 3/ 8/84 6/84 7/84 3/20/84 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 1/84 5/84 2/84 6/84 5/84 5/84 5/84 3/15/84 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 5/84 2/84 6/84 8/84 6/84 2/84 7/84 8/84 6/84 5/84 5/84 7/84 7/84 6/84 6/84 5/84 7/84 3/27/84 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 9/84 5/84 7/84 5/84 6/84 5/84 5/84 5/84 K g/l+2s 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .59 .57 .62 .52 .71 .59 .56 .58 .62 .56 .62 .55 .57 .63 .47 .61 .70 .63 .63 .64 .65 .52 .53 .67 .54 .64 .65 .69 .66 .57 .36 .49 .63 .62 .60 .56 .65 .62 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 12 12 12 12 13 08 08 12 12 12 12 12 08 08 12 12 13 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 12 12 12 23 09 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 0.09 137 Cs pCl/l+2s 2 0 -5 -4 3 0 3 12 0 -5 •*! 0 i 2 0 5 2 2 5 1 2 0 -3 -3 -1 0 -1 3 -3 2 2 0 3 1 -1 1 2 3 7 7 7 7 7 5 5 7 7 7 7 7 5 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 14 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 140 Ba pCi/l+2s -4 -3 -2 -8 7 -2 2 -6 -3 3 2 -2 -4 -3 "1 3 -4 0 -1 -2 -6 -3 2 0 0 -4 —6 -13 -3 0 2 2 -8 -5 -7 1 -6 0 8 8 8 8 8 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 19 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 6 131; [ pCi/l+2s -2 4 -5 0 0 -4 0 3 0 -3 -3 1 0 2 5 -3 -5 5 0 0 2 3 3. -3 -3. -1 2 10 0 3 3 -2 -1 1 -4 0 -4 -2 7 7 7 7 7 5 5 7 7 7 7 7 5 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 14 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 31 ------- TABLE 15 (CONTINUED) CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK MARCH 1984 LOCATION OH:CINCINNATI OH:CLEVELAND OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OR:PORTLAND PA PHILADELPHIA PA:PITTSBURGH SC:CHARLESTON SC:CHARLESTON SD:RAPID CITY TN:CHATTANOOGA TN:KNOXVILLE TN:MEMPHIS UT:SALT LAKE CITY VA:NORFOLK VT: BURLINGTON WA:SEATTLE WA:SEATTLE WA:SPOKANE WI:MILWAUKEE WI:MILWAUKEE WV:CHARLESTON WY:LARAMIE DATE COLLECTED 3/12/84 3/ 7/84 3/ 5/84 3/ 5/84 3/ 5/84 3/ 7/84 3/ 2/84 3/27/84 3/16/84 3/ 5/84 3/ 5/84 3/28/84 3/ 5/84 3/15/84 3/ 5/84 3/29/84 3/ 5/84 3/ 5/84 3/ 1/84 3/29/84 3/12/84 3/12/84 K g/l+2s 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .63 .56 .60 .61 .61 .59 .59 .70 .51 .49 .57 .55 .68 .61 .59 .53 .54 .55 .60 .63 .62 .55 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .12 .12 .08 .12 .12 .08 .12 .23 .12 .12 .08 .12 .13 .12 .12 .12 .12 .08 .12 .12 .12 .12 137 Cs pCi/l+2s -1 1 0 -1 2 "*1 1 7 -2 1 -2 3 -2 4 1 1 3 2 0 3 0 0 7 7 5 7 7 5 7 14 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 140 Ba pCi/l+2s -2 -6 -4 -7 -1 -2 -2 -4 -1 1 5 2 2 -1 1 -6 -5 -1 1 -6 -4 -2 8 8 6 8 8 6 8 20 8 8 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 6 8 8 8 8 131 I pCi/l+2s -4 3 0 1 0 0 1 -4 -1 -1 -5 -4 -1 -2 -4 -2 -3 2 -1 4 4 -4 7 7 5 7 7 5 7 14 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 32 ------- TABLE 16 STRONTIUM-90 AND STRONTIUM-89 IN PASTEURIZED MILK EPA REGIONAL COMPOSITES JANUARY - MARCH 1984 EPA 90Sr 89Sr REGION pCi/1 + 2s pCi/1 + 2s* I 2.4 0.4 1 0 II 2.4 0.6 0 1 III 2.3 0.9 1 1 IV 2.8 0.7 0 2 V 2.9 0.4 1 0 VI 2.5 0.6 0 1 VII 2.3 0.7 1 1 VIII 1.8 0.6 1 1 IX 0.8 0.6 1 1 X 1.4 0.4 0 0 SIGMA COUNTING ERROR ANALYTICAL ERROR TERM WHICH CLOSELY APPROXIMATES THE COUNTING ERROR 33 ------- Carbon-14 in Milk Nine stations, chosen for wide geographical distribution, contribute milk samples for annual analysis for carbon-14. These samples have monitored the carbon-14 levels in the food chain resulting from nuclear testing. Analysis consists of combusting the samples and measuring released carbon dioxide through liquid scintillation. Data will be published as it becomes available. 34 ------- THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT 100 EAST ERIE STREET CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60611 RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF THE CHICAGO AREA WATERWAYS JANUARY TO DECEMBER 1983 The three river systems of the greater Chicago area — Chicago, Calumet, and Des Plaines — are under the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago (District). They comprise 170 miles (273.6 Km) of waterways. The District maintains a monitoring program of the water qual- ity of these systems with regards to the standards established by the Illinois Pollution Control Board (IPCB) as well as for the purpose of detecting any changes with respect to the water quality of the past and future years. The analyses for total alpha and beta radioactivity have been a part of this overall monitoring program of the river systems since mid-1975. The program is an ongoing.activity of the District and this report presents the results for 1983. Samples for radioactivity were collected in HCl-contain- ing plastic bottles once a month at a predetermined number of locations: 17 on the Chicago River, 12 on the Calumet River, and 19 on the Des Plaines River, the latter system having an additional sampling location, Walnut Lane, in 1983 over the previous years. A 500 ml aliquot of a water sample was evaporated to approximately 20 ml, transferred into an evaporting dish, evaporated to dryness, and flamed until no vapors were given 35 ------- off. The remaining solids were scraped loose, ground with a pestle, and then transferred onto a counting planchet. A cou- ple of drops of carbon tetrachloride were added to help evenly spread the solids. Subsequently, the samples were counted 100 minutes for total alpha and 100 minutes for total beta activity by the use of a Beckman Widebeta II proportional counter which was previously calibrated with radium-226 and cesium-137, respectively, for total alpha and total beta determinations. The results of the determinations for the year 1983 are tabulated in Tables 1-3 in terms of the number of samples analyzed, the yearly low, high, and average (x) total alpha and total beta concentration for each sampling location; the reported error is given by e = 1.96 S- X where S- is the standard error of the average net activity. X 36 ------- THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO TABLE 1 CHICAGO RIVER SYSTEM TOTAL ALPHA AND BETA CONCENTRATION IN WATER January to December 1983 STATION 4SAMPLES ANALYZED County Line Road* West Fork* North Branch* 12 Chicago River County Line Road* Middle Fork* North Branch* 10 Chicago River County Line Road* Skokie River 12 Dempster St. * North Branch* Chicago River 12 Central Ave.* North Shore Channel 11 Touhy Avenue* North Shore Channel 11 Wilson Ave. * North Branch* Chicago River 11 Diversey Ave.r North Branch* Chicago River 12 Grand Ave. * North Brsnchr Chicago River 12 Outer Drive Bridge* Chicago River 12 Madison St.* South Branch* Chicago River 12 Damen Avenue* South Branch* Chicago River 12 Cicero Ave. * Chicago Sanitary X Ship Canal 12 Harlem Ave. * Chicago Sanitary & Ship Canal 12 TOTAL ALPHA pCi/1 *SAMPLES TOTAL BETA pCi/1 LOW HIGH AVERAGE *ERROR ANALYZED LOW HIGH AVERAGE * ERROR 0.00 9.88 1.48 0.20 12 8.56 28.25 14.13 0.45 0.00 6.72 1.33 0.19 10 6.64 22.02 11.47 0.45 0.00 5.95 1.00 0.18 12 7.71 16.03 10.44 0.40 0.00 5.10 1.50 0.20 12 8.10 21.07 12.07 0.41 0.00 0.67 0.12 O.O8 10 0.85 6.76 5.08 0.35 0.00 0.93 0.20 0.12 12 3.74 12,12 8.81 0.38 0.00 0.85 0.32 0.13 11 6.94 14.79 9.72 0.40 0.00 1.09 0.39 0.13 12 6.58 12.76 9.81 0.39 0.00 1.64 0.38 0.13 12 4.69 15.21 8.99 0.38 0.00 3.62 0.56 0.11 12 2.97 12.30 5,29 0.34 0.00 2.47 0.67 0.12 12 4.44 8.96 6.94 0.35 0.00 1.48 0.41 0.12 12 4.61 9,50 7.15 0.35 0.00 1.01 0.29 0.11 12 4.45 11.29 7.19 0.35 0.00 1.57 0.43 0.12 12 6.25 10.77 8.38 0.36 ------- THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO TABLE 1 (Continued) CHICAGO RIVER SYSTEM TOTAL ALPHA AND BETA CONCENTRATION IN WATER January to December 1983 Route 83 Chicago Stephens Chicago 16th St. Chicago STATION f Sanitary & St., Sanitaru S r Sanitaru S tSAMPLES ANALYZED Ship Canal 12 Ship Canal 12 Ship Canal 12 LOU 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL ALPHA HIGH .2.02 4.56 0.70 pCi/1 AVERAGE 0.48 0.88 0.36 * ERROR 0.13 0.15 0.14 tSAMPLES ANALYZED 12 12 12 LOU 4.83 6.27 4.07 TOTAL BETA HIGH 11.85 15.79 14.32 pCi/1 AVERAGE 8.08 10.33 9.88 * ERROR 0.37 0.39 0.39 *ERROR (e) = 1.96 S- where S- is the standard error of the average net activity. 00 ------- THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO TABLE 2 CALUMET RIVER SYSTEM TOTAL ALPHA AND BETA CONCENTRATION IN WATER January to December 1983 STATION Euing Ave.r Calumet River Wolf Laker Burnham Ave.r (Overflow Ditch) Indiana Harbor Belt RR Bridget Grand Calumet River Wentuorth Ave.r Little Calumet River Joe Orr Roadr Thorn Creek 130th St.r Calumet River Indians Ave. 8 135th St.r Little Calumet River Halsted St.r Little Calumet River Ashland Ave. near 135th St.r Little Calumet River Ashland Ave.r Cal-Sa<3 Channel Cicero Ave.r Cal-Sasf Channel Route 83 Bridser Cal-Saa Channel *ERROR (e) = 1.96 S- where S- tSAMPLES TOTAL ALPHA pCi/1 tSAMPLES ANALYZED LOW HIGH AVERAGE *ERROR ANALYZED 10 10 11 12 10 11 10 12 10 12 11 11 is the 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 standard error 1.24 0.88 5.30 1.72 10.59 1.33 1.74 3.46 2.08 1.36 2.43 0.85 of the 0.36 0.12 10 0.26 0.11 10 1.05 0.21 11 0.66 0.19 11 1.97 0.60 10 0.43 0.13 11 0.47 0.14 10 0.60 0.16 12 0.87 0.25 10 0.53 0.16 12 0.43 0.15 11 0.24 0.14 9 average net activity. TOTAL BETA PCi/1 LOW HIGH AVERAGE * ERROR 3.04 17.83 5.83 0.36 5.82 8.73 6.88 0.37 2.48 13.55 11.13 0.43 7.22 13.12 10.50 0.41 13.46 27.60 20.03 0.62 5.01 16.04 10.11 0.41 6.50 16.53 10.70 0.43 7.14 15.62 12.43 0.42 8.46 16.08 11.93 0.46 6.20 15.95 11.86 0.42 6.81 16.85 10.98 0.42 7.20 16.90 11.22 0.47 ------- THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO TABLE 3 DES PLAINEB RIVER SYSTEM TOTAL ALPHA AND BETA CONCENTRATION IN WATER January to December 1983 STATION #SAMPLES ANALYZED LOU TOTAL ALPHA pCi/1 HIGH AVERAGE ERROR *SAMPLES ANALYZED TOTAL BETA pCi/1 LOU HIGH AVERAGE * ERROR Longmeadou Laner upstream of Hanover Park Treatment Plantp 12 Du Page River Lake St.p downstream of Hanover Park Treatment Plantp 12 Du Page River Ualnut Laner downstream of Hanover Park Treatment Plantp 7 U. Br. Du Page River Elmhurst Roadp upstream of O'Hare Treatment Pl'antp 12 Hiaains Creek Uille Road p downstream of O'Hare Treatment Plantp 12 Hiaains Creek Hiaains Roadr upstream of Egan Treatment Plantp 11 Salt Creek Arlington Heights Roadp downstream of Egan 10 Treatment PlantpSalt Creek Devon Ave.> Salt Creek 11 County Line Roadp Des Plaines River 11 County Line Roadp Buffalo Creek 12 Oakton St.p Des Plaines River 11 Belmont Ave.p Des Plaines River 12 0.00 1.32 0.66 0.59 12 0.00 8.84 1.57 0.26 12 0.00 2.07 0.73 0.27 0.00 3.53 0.79 0.34 0.00 3.06 0.97 0.25 12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.00 2.53 4.29 3.07 1.92 5.90 3.39 1.66 0.93 1.17 1.10 0.54 1.09 1.24 0.75 0.15 0.25 0.23 0.16 0.22 0.24 0.21 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 7.40 23.20 12.34 0.44 8.83 25.24 17.08 0.50 11.99 23.64 19.48 0.69 6.03 25.35 10.37 0.41 7.60 28.36 18.35 0.51 6.36 11.61 9.29 27.81 9.15 27.34 0.17 18.17 7.2 7.24 11.24 8.57 15.02 16.50 10.13 9.63 16.68 11.35 8.28 27.06 13.05 0.39 0.47 0.48 0.40 0.39 0.42 0.44 ------- THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO TABLE 3 (Continued) DES PLAINES RIVER SYSTEM TOTAL ALPHA AND BETA CONCENTRATION IN WATER to December 1983 STATION Roosevelt Road* DBS PLairtes River Uolf Rosdf Salt Creek First Ave.r Salt Creek Ogden sAve » r Des Plaines River Willow Sp-riwSs Roadi Des Plaines 'River Stephens St. » Des Plaines River Chicaao-E lain Rd . » Poplsr Creek tSAMPLES TOTAL ALPHA pCi/1 *SAMPLES TOTAL BETA pCi/1 ANALYZED LOW HIGH AVERAGE * ERROR ANALYZED LOU HIGH AVERAGE * ERROR 12 O.OO 11.78 1.55 O.22 12 9.62 19.84 12.21 0.43 12 0.00 2.52 0.98 0.27 12 10.17 25.18 1A.O9 O.49 12 0.00 4.21 1.24 0.25 12 9.19 22.98 16.13 0.49 12 O.OO 1.75 0.75 0.19 12 9.67 2O.86 12.86 0.44 11 0.27 2.39 0.71 0,17 11 8.06 22.12 12.57 0.45 12 0.00 1.44 0.57 0.19 12 9.44 20.91 13.21 0.44 10 O.®0 2.33 0.66 0.14 11 4.65 17.25, 7.76 0.38 *ERROR (e) = 1.96 S- wheipe. S- is the standard error of the average net activity. ------- ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION DATA (ERD) is published quarterly (January, April, July, October) by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Radiation Programs. Requests for information concerning publication and distribution of ERD should be directed to: Charles M. Petko Technical Support Branch Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility 1890 Federal Drive Montgomery, Alabama 36109 Requests for information concerning the operation of ERAMS should be directed to: H. Michael Mardis, Chief Monitoring and Analytical Services Branch Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility 1890 Federal Drive Montgomery, Alabama 36109 or to: Lewis Battist, Chief Environmental Studies and Statistics Analysis and Support Division (ANR-461) U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Waterside Mall East 401 M Street, SW Washington, DC 20460 *** ------- |