United States Eastern Environmental EPA 520/5-85-022 Environmental Protection Radiation Facility March 1985 Agency 1890 Federal Drive Montgomery, AL 36109 Radiation c/EPA Environmental Radiation Data Report 40 October - December 1984 ------- ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION DATA REPORT 40 October - December 1984 UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Office of Radiation Programs ------- Preface Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is compiled and distributed quarterly by the Office of Radiation Programs' Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility (EERF), Montgomery, Alabama, and contains data from the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS). Data from similar networks operated by contributing States, Canada, Mexico, and the Pan American Health Organization are reported in the ERD when available. ERAMS was established in 1973 by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Radiation Programs (ORP). The ERAMS is comprised of nationwide sampling stations that provide air, surface and drinking water, and milk samples from which environmental radiation levels are derived. The major emphasis for ERAMS is toward identifying trends in the accumulation of long-lived radionuclides in the environment. Sampling locations are selected to provide optimal population coverage while functioning to monitor fallout from nuclear devices and other forms of radioactive contamination of the environment. The radiation analyses performed on these samples include gross alpha and gross beta levels, gamma analyses for fission products, and specific analyses for uranium, plutonium, strontium, iodine, radium, krypton, and tritium. This monitoring effort also provides ancillary information on natural background levels and on releases into the environment from stationary sources such as nuclear power reactors, fuel fabrication facilities, and reprocessing plants. 111 ------- ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION DATA CONTENTS Page DATA - Reporting Rationale and Procedures - Table of Reporting Increments and Minimum Detectable Levels vii IX DATA - ERAMS SECTION I. Air Program 1. Airborne Particulates and Precipitation 2. Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates 3. Krypton-85 1 1 14 17 SECTION II. Water Program 18 1. Surface Water 18 2. Drinking Water 21 SECTION III. External Gamma Ambient Monitoring Program 27 ------- SECTION IV- Milk Program 29 1. Pasteurized Milk 29 2. Strontium-89 and -90 in Milk 29 3. Carbon-14 in Hi Ik 37 vi ------- DATA - Reporting Rationale and Procedures The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Radiation Programs, in 1973, established the Environmental Radiation Monitoring System(ERAMS) to provide continuous, accurate, and usable environmental radiation data to the public. Thus, ERAMS data for all specific radionuclide analyses are reported as the counting results indicate, whether the numbers are negative, zero, or positive. Reporting Rationale Frequently, concentrations of a radionuclide in environmental media are close to zero. When the actual concentration of a nuclide is zero, the net counting results should statistically show a distribution of negative and positive numbers about zero. This occurs when the background count is subtracted from a sample which has only background activity. Prior to July 1975, ERAKS data were not reported numerically when the results were less than a specified reporting level or minimum detectable level. The present reporting procedure allows all the data to be reported and evaluated statistically without an arbitrary cutoff of small or negative numbers. This approach will facilitate estimates of bias in the nuclide analyses and will allow better evaluation of distributions and trends in environmental data. When reviewing the data in this report, caution should be exercised in the interpretation of individual negative values. Obviously, a negative activity value does not have physical significance. Such numbers, however, are significant when taken together with other observations which indicate that the true value of a distribution is near zero. When an average of several measurements produces a result less than zero, this indicates a negative bias in the measurement procedure. (1) Reported Values Specific Analyses - All specific radionuclide analyses will be reported as the counting results indicate, whether the number is negative, zero, or positive. All reported values are corrected for decay to the collection date. VII ------- Gross Analyses * The actual value of gross radioactivity measurements will he reported, unless the value is below the minimum detectable level (HDL) at the 2 sigma confidence level, then < minimum detectable level will be reported. HDL is defined as the 3 sigma error of the background. A tabulation of MDL's is given in the following table. (2) ReP°rted Error Te_rms Each reported value for specific analyses will be accompanied by a counting error term at the 2 sigma (95%) confidence interval. Potassiurc concentrations are determined by specific activity analyses. Error terras are therefore reported as counting errors. At the very low levels characteristic of most ERAMS measurements, counting error is the greatest contributor to overall error. (3) Significant Figures All reported values will be rounded to no more than three significant figures. The last significant figure will be increased by one if the figure following is five or greater, otherwise it is left unchanged. (4) Reporting Levels^ The reporting units, smallest increments for reporting, and minimum detectable levels for each isotope are shown in Table 1. Smallest increments are sometimes considerably smaller than minimum detectable amounts to avoid truncation errors in averaging. (5) Averages Averages will be calculated along with appropriate error terms in an annual summary and analysis of ERAMS data. In calculating these averages, all values of individual data including negative numbers will be utilized. Averages will not be included in ERD quarterly reports. vm ------- TABLE 1 ERAMS Reporting Increments and Minimum Detectable Levels for Radionuclide Analyses Radionuclide Gross alpha Gross beta Tritium Carbon-14 Krypton-85 Plutoniuro-238, 239 Uranium-234, 235,238 Radium-226 Media Water Air Water Precipitation Water Milk Milk Ambient Air Air Milk Water Air Milk Water Water Reporting Units pCi/1 pCi/m3 pCi/1 nCi/ni2 nCi/1 nCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/m3 aCi/ci3 pCi/1 pCi/1 aCi/m3 pCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 Reporting Increments 1 pCi/1 .01 pCi/in3 1 pCi/1 .01 nCi/m2 .1 nCi/1 .1 nCi/1 1 pCi/1 .1 pCi/in3 .1 aCi/m3 .001 pCi/1 .001 pCi/1 .1 aCi/m3 .001 pCi/1 .001 pCi/1 .1 pCi/1 Minimum Detectable Levels 2 pCi/1 .01 pCi/m3 1 pCi/1 .01 nCi/m2(a) .2 nCi/1 .2 nCi/1 15 pCi/1 2 pCi/m3 .015 pCi(b) per sample .015 pCi per sample .015 pCi per sample 015 r>r i ( b ) . vy i. J \J^-f -1. ' per sample .015 pCi per sample .015 pCi per sample .1 pCi/1 IX ------- Radionuclide Strontium-90 Strontium- 89 lodine-131 Iodine-129 Cesium-137 Barium-140 Potassium Potassiunj-40 Media Milk Water Milk Milk Water Water (specific Milk Milk Water Milk Water Milk Water Water Reporting Units pCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 radiocheroical fCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 g/1 8/1 pCi/1 Reporting Increments .1 pCi/1 .1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 .1 pCi/1 analysis ) .1 fCi/1 1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 1 g/1 1 8/1 1 pCi/1 Minimum Detectable Levels 1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 5 pCi/l(O 10 pCi/l(c> 10 pCi/l(c) .4 pCi/1 .4 fCi/1 10 pCi/1 10 pCi/1 10 pCi/l(c) 10 pCi/l(O .12 8/1 .12 g/1 100 pCi/1 (a) The value in terms of nCi/m^ would be dependent on precipitation (mm), (b) Tbis value in terms of pCi/ai3 would be dependent on the air volume. (c) Activity as of the day of counting. ------- DATA * EPA ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION AMBIENT MONITORING SYSTEM (ERAMS) SECTION I. Air Program Airborne Particulates and Precipitation Cross beta radioactivity measurements and certain specific analyses are performed on air particulates and precipitation samples as indicator measurements in assessing the general (national) impact of all contributing sources on environmental levels of radiation. Airborne particulates are collected continuously at field stations representing wide geographic coverage, including present and potential sources of environmental radioactivity. Sampling sites are located throughout the United States, Virgin Islands, and the Panama Canal. Filters ( 10-cm diameter synthetic fiber ) from air samplers are changed twice weekly and field measurements are made with a G-M survey meter at 5 hours and 29 hours after collection to allow for radon and thoron daughter product decay. Field estimates are reported to appropriate EPA officials by telephone or rsail depending on the activity levels found. The filters are sent to EERF for more sensitive analyses in a low background beta counter. Gamma scans are performed on all filters showing laboratory gross beta counts greater than 1 pCi/m^- The lower gross beta values reported for laboratory measurements are largely due to the decay of radionuclides which occurred between the times of the field estimates and laboratory measurements. Precipitation samples are collected at the field stations where air filters are collected. These samples are also sent to EERF where they are composited monthly for tritium, gross beta activity measurements and gamma scans. Plutonium-238, -239, and uranium-234, -235, and -238 analyses are performed on samples which exceed 2 pCi/liter gross alpha. ------- Tables 2 - 4 present the monthly average gross beta concentrations in airborne particulates for October - December 1984. Tables 5-7 present the monthly average gross beta concentration in precipitation October - December 1984. The tritium in precipitation samples for October - December 1984 at the selected stations are shown in Table 8. A compilation of individual measurements is available from the EPA, EERF, Montgomery, AL 36109. ------- TABLE 2 AIRBORNE PARTICULATES GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION OCTOBER 1984 LOCATION # SAM AL:MONTGOMERY AR:LITTLE ROCK CA:BERKELEY CA:LOS ANGELES CO:DENVER CT: HARTFORD DE:WILMINGTON FL:JACKSONVILLE FL:MIAMI HI:HONOLULU LA:IOWA CITY ID:BOISE ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO IN:INDIANAPOLIS KS:TOPEKA ME .-AUGUSTA MI:LANSING MN:MINNEAPOLIS MO:JEFFERSON CITY MS:JACKSON NC:CHARLOTTE NC:WILMINGTON ND:BISMARCK NH:CONCORD NJ:TRENTON NM:SANTA FE NV:LAS VEGAS NY: ALBANY NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS NY:SYRACUSE NY:YAPHANK OH:COLUMBUS OHrPAINESVILLE OH: TOLEDO OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OR:PORTLAND 5-HR FIELD ESTIMATE MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) EERF LAB MEASUREMENT MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) 9 9 8 10 5 9 8 9 9 8 8 9 9 8 6 9 9 9 8 9 9 9 7 9 9 4 3 9 4 9 9 5 9 9 8 8 7 7 3.3 0.2 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.6 0,8 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.9 0.0 0.3 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 1.4 1.5 0.3 0.1 0.9 0.5 1.1 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0 1.5 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 o.oi 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 ------- TABLE 2 (CONTINUED) LOCATION AIRBORNE PARTICIPATES GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION OCTOBER 1984 5-HR FIELD ESTIMATE SAM MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) EERF LAB MEASUREMENT MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) PArGOLDSBORO PA: RI: SC: SC: TN: TN: TX: TX: VA: VA: WA: WA: UI: WV: HARRISBURG PROVIDENCE BARNWELL COLUMBIA KNOXVILLE NASHVILLE AUSTIN EL PASO LYNCHBURG VIRGINIA BEACH SEATTLE SPOKANE MADISON CHARLESTON 4 8 5 2 9 10 3 9 9 9 2 9 ' 9 9 7 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 .4 .0 .2 .0 .1 .2 .0 .3 .7 .0 .1 .1 .0 .5 .8 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .01 .02 .01 .02 .06 .03 .03 .04 .02 .02 .01 .01 .03 .01 .03 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 .01 .01 .01 .00 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .00 .01 .00 .00 .00 .01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0 ,01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES - .1 pCi/si3 MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT - .01 pCi/m3 ------- TABLE 3 AIRBORNE PARTICULATES GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION NOVEMBER 1984 LOCATION # SAM 5-HK FIELD ESTIMATE MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) EERF LAB MEASUREMENT MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) AL:ASHFORD AL: MONTGOMERY AR:LITTLE ROCK AZ:TEMPE CA: BERKELEY CA:LOS ANGELES CO:DENVER CT:HARTFORD DE: WILMINGTON FL: JACKSONVILLE FL:MIAMI HI: HONOLULU IA.-IOWA CITY ID: BOISE ID: IDAHO FALLS IL: CHICAGO IN: INDIANAPOLIS KS:TOPEKA ME: AUGUSTA MI : LAN SING MN: MINNEAPOLIS MO: JEFFERSON CITY MS : JACKSON NC: CHARLOTTE NC: WILMINGTON ND: BISMARCK NH : CONCORD NJ: TRENTON NM: SANTA FE NV:LAS VEGAS NY: ALBANY NY: NEW YORK CITY NY: NIAGARA FALLS NY: SYRACUSE NY: YAP HANK OH: COLUMBUS OH:PAINESVILLE OH: TOLEDO 4 9 5 7 9 8 6 9 9 9 9 9 9 7 8 9 6 8 8 9 9 8 9 4 8 9 9 8 3 9 4 9 8 4 8 9 9 9 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 m . . * 9 0 7 1 6 0 0 0 5 4 5 1 2 5 6 0 7 6 4 3 2 9 5 4 2 2 9 5 6 7 4 3 2 2 1 1 2 2 5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .01 .01 .01 .03 .01 .01 .06 .01 .02 .01 .01 .01 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .01 .03 .01 .07 .02 .03 .01 .01 .03 .02 .01 .02 .03 .02 .02 .01 .01 .01 .02 .02 .02 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .00 .01 .01 .00 .00 .01 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .01 .00 .00 .01 .01 .00 .00 .00 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .00 .00 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .00 .01 .01 .01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 ------- TABLE 3 (CONTINUED) AIRBORNE PARTICULATES GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION NOVEMBER 1984 LOCATION7 # SAM OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OR-.PORTLAND PA:GOLDSBORO Ri :PROVIDENCE SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA SD:PIERRE TN:KNOXVILLE TN:NASHVILLE TX:AUSTIN TX:EL PASO VA:LYNCHBURG WA:SEATTLE WA:SPOKANE WI: MADISON WV:CHARLESTON 5-HR FIELD ESTIMATE MAX MIN AVG (PCi/m3) EERF LAB MEASUREMENT MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) 1 6 3 5 1 8 6 6 3 8 7 8 6 9 8 5 1.2 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.6 0.4 1.1 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES - .1 pCi/m3 MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT - .01 pCi/ra3 ------- TABLE 4 AIRBORNE PARTICULATES GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION DECEMBER 1984 LOCATION # SAM 5-HR FIELD ESTIMATE MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) EERF LAB MEASUREMENT MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) AL AL AR AZ CA CA CT DE FL FL HI IA ID ID IL KS ME MI MN MO MS NC NC ND Nil NJ KM NV NY NY NY NY NY OH OH OH OK OR : ASH FORD : MONTGOMERY :LITTLE ROCK rTEMPE : BERKELEY :LOS ANGELES : HARTFORD :WILMINGTON rJACKSONVILLE .MIAMI : HONOLULU :IOWA CITY : BOISE : IDAHO FALLS .CHICAGO rTOPEKA : AUGUSTA : LAN SING rMINNEAPOLIS :JEFFERSON CITY : JACK SON : CHARLOTTE : WILMINGTON : BISMARCK : CONCORD : TRENTON : SANTA FE :LAS VEGAS : ALBANY .NEW YORK CITY : NIAGARA FALLS : SYRACUSE : YAP HANK : COLUMBUS rPAINESVILLE : TOLEDO : OKLAHOMA CITY : PORTLAND 6 9 7 4 8 8 9 8 7 9 9 8 9 8 7 7 9 8 9 8 8 5 8 8 8 8 2 9 4 9 9 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 0.0 1.5 0.1 2.2 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.0 0.2 1.1 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .0 .6 .1 .5 .1 .3 .1 .3 .1 .0 .1 .3 .1 .0 .2 .3 .1 .1 .2 .4 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .0 .1 .1 .3 .5 .0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .01 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .01 .03 .02 .01 .01 .03 .04 .03 .02 .01 .02 .02 .03 .03 .02 .02 .02 .02 .01 .01 .02 .02 .02 .02 .01 .02 .02 .02 .02 .03 .03 .02 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .00 .00 .01 .01 .00 .00 .01 .01 .01 .00 .00 .01 .00 .01 .01 .00 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .03 .01 .01 .00 .00 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .00 .00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 ------- TABLE 4 (CONTINUED) LOCATION AIRBORNE PARTICULATES GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION DECEMBER 1984 # SAM PA:GOLDSBORO PArHARRISBURG RI: PROVIDENCE SCcBARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA SD:PIERRE TNrKNOXVILLE TN:NASHVILLE TX:AUSTIN TX:EL PASO VA:LYNCHBURG VArVIRGINIA BEACH WA:SEATTLE WA:SPOKANE WI:MADISON WV:CHARLESTON 5-HR FIELD ESTIMATE MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) EERF LAB MEASUREMENT MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) 9 9 3 2 7 8 6 3 8 6 6 1 6 9 7 6 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.8 0.6 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES - .1 pCi/m3 MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT - .01 pCi/m3 ------- TABLE 5 GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION OCTOBER 1984 LOCATION AL: MONTGOMERY AR: LITTLE ROCK CA: BERKELEY CO :DENVER CT: HARTFORD DC: WASHINGTON DEtWILMINGTON FL: JACKSONVILLE FLrMIAMI IDrBOISE ID: IDAHO FALLS IL: CHICAGO IN: INDIANAPOLIS MI :LANSING MN: MINNEAPOLIS MS : JACKSON ND : BI SMARCK NH: CONCORD NJ: TRENTON NY: ALBANY NY: NEW YORK CITY NY: NIAGARA FALLS NY: YAP HANK OH: COLUMBUS OH:PAINESVILLE OH: TOLEDO OR .'PORTLAND PA:HARRISBURG RI:PROVIDENCE SC:BARNWELL SC: COLUMBIA TN:KNOXVILLE TN: NASHVILLE TX: AUSTIN TX:EL PASO VA:LYNCHBURG VA: VIRGINIA BEACH WA: SEATTLE WI: MAD I SON DEPTH (ram) 158.8 70.8 49.1 49.8 50.8 50.0 100.0 107.3 81.2 33.0 12.5 52.2 10.0 109.0 133.9 45.0 8.9 150.8 64.6 62.9 40.0 5.4 87.5 109.1 48.8 38.8 186.3 30.8 85.0 15.0 27.5 102.5 25.0 60.0 16.0 45.0 35.0 37.5 131.0 ACT. ± 2s (nCi/tn2) 0.12 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.17 0.04 0.22 0.05 0.08 0.09 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.31 0.22 0.10 0.05 0.01 0.14 0.08 0.10 0.04 0.24 0.06 0.23 0.02 0.12 0.15 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.18 0.12 0.00 0.38 0.07 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.05 0.06 0.02 0.00 0.08 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.02 0.09 0.02 0.05 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.09 ND NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR SPECIFIC GAMMA ACT. (pCi/1) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ------- TABLE 6 GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION NOVEMBER 1984 LOCATION AL: MONTGOMERY AR: LITTLE ROCK CA: BERKELEY CT: HARTFORD DC: WASHINGTON DE: WILMINGTON FL: JACKSONVILLE FL:MIAMI IDrBOISE ID: IDAHO FALLS 11, : CHIC AGO MI: LANSING MN: MINNEAPOLIS MS : JACKSON ND : BI SMARCK NU: CONCORD NJ: TRENTON NV:LAS VEGAS NY: ALBANY NY: NEW YORK CITY NY: NIAGARA FALLS NY: YAP HANK OH: COLUMBUS OH:PAINESVILLE OH: TOLEDO OR: PORTLAND PA: HARRIS BURG RI: PROVIDENCE SCrBARNWELL SC: COLUMBIA TNrKNOXVILLE TN: NASHVILLE TX: AUSTIN VA:LYNCHBURG VA: VIRGINIA BEACH WA: SEATTLE WI: MAD I SON DEPTH (ram) 35.0 37.9 178.1 23.1 32.3 33.8 93.7 95.0 89.5 34.0 74.6 78.0 7.7 42.8 20.5 69.5 59.7 25.0 20.0 32.7 61.8 32.5 107.3 133.1 63.1 229.8 194.0 50.0 3.7 63.3 20.0 23.6 25.0 80.5 15.0 162.6 120.8 ACT. + 2s (nCi/m2) 0.05 0.06 0.17 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.14 0.12 0.04 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.09 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.01 0.06 0.15 0.11 0.35 0.27 0.04 0.01 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.34 0.02 0.11 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.08 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.12 0.09 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.01 0.08 0.06 SPECIFIC GAMMA ACT. (pCi/1) NU ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 10 ------- TABLE 7 GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION DECEMBER 1984 LOCATION DEPTH ACT. + 2s (ram) (nCi/ia2) AL: MONTGOMERY AR: LITTLE ROCK CA: BERKELEY CT: HARTFORD FL: JACKSONVILLE FL:MIAMI ID: BOISE ID: IDAHO FALLS IL: CHICAGO MI: LAN SING MN: MINNEAPOLIS MS: JACK SON ND : BI SMARCK NJ: TRENTON NV:LAS VEGAS NY: ALBANY NY: NEW YORK CITY NY: NIAGARA FALLS NY:YAPHANK OH: COLUMBUS 0!I:PAINESVILLE OH: TOLEDO OR: PORTLAND RI : PROVIDENCE SCrBARNWELL SC: COLUMBIA TN: NASHVILLE TX: AUSTIN VA:LYNCHBURG VArVIRGINIA BEACH WA : SEATTLE WI: MAD I SON 100.0 35.4 86.4 59.8 6.9 18.7 32.5 48.0 76.3 100.4 45.3 21.9 4.7 68.7 10.0 56.2 50.6 90.3 51.3 93.7 83.8 28.8 65.6 60.0 18.7 10.0 42.3 27.5 70.8 41.5 100.0 17.3 0.10 0.06 0.15 0.22 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.26 0.17 0.45 0.03 0.01 0.14 0.02 0.08 0.07 0.10 0.09 0.20 0.30 0.05 0.14 0.10 0.03 0.02 0.15 0.04 0.42 0.06 0.23 0.03 0.05 0.02 0.05 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.06 0.01 SPECIFIC GAMMA ACT. (pCi/1) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 11 ------- TABLE 8 PRECIPITATION TRITIUM CONCENTRATION OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1984 LOCATION AL:MONTGOMERY AR:LITTLE ROCK CA:BERKELEY CO:DENVER CT:HARTFORD DC:WAS1IINGTON DE: WILMINGTON FL:JACKSONVILLE FL:MIAMI ID:BOISE ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO INrlNDIANAPOLIS MIrLANSING MN:MINNEAPOLIS MS : JACKSON ND:BISMARCK NH:CONCORD NJ:TRENTON NV:LAS VEGAS NY:ALBANY NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS NY:YAPHANK OH:COLUMBUS 01I:PAINESVILLE OH: TOLEDO OR:PORTLAND PA:HARRISBURG RI:PROVIDENCE SC:BARNWELL SC: COLUMBIA TN:KNOXVILLE TN:NASHVILLE OCTOBER NOVEMBER nCi/1 + 2s nCi/1 + 2s 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 NS 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. 0. 3 2 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 0. 0. 0. NS 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 NS 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 2 4 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 3 2 2 2 2 1 3 5 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 0. 0. 0. NS 0. NS KS 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 2 2 2 2 1 2 3 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 NS 0. 0. 0. 0. 2 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 .2 .2 .2 .2 NS 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 NS 0. 2. 0. 1 3 2 0 0 0 .2 .2 .2 NS 0. 2 0 .2 12 ------- TABLE 8 (CONTINUED) PRECIPITATION TRITIUM CONCENTRATION OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1984 OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER LOCATION nCi/1 + 2s nCi/1 + 2s nCi/1 + 2s TX:AUSTIN 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 TX:EL PASO 0.3 0.2 NS NS VA:LYNCHBURG 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 VArVIRGINIA BEACH 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 WA:SEATTLE 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0,2 WI:MADISON 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 NS NO SAMPLE s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 13 ------- Plutonium arid Uranium i_n Airborne Particulates Environmental radiation levels of plutonium and uranium are determined by the analyses of quarterly composite samples (air filters) collected from the 67 continuously operating airborne particulate samplers. Analyses of the composited filters consist of ashing, separating by liquid ion exchange, and coprecipitation of the plutonium or uranium. Concentration of the specific isotopes of plutonium-238, -239, and uranium-234, -235, and -238 are determined by alpha spectroscopy. The volume of air passing througli the filters normally ranges from 25,000 to 40,000 m^ for each quarterly composite. Plutonium and uranium in airborne particulates data for October - December 1933 are shown in Table 9. 14 ------- TABLE 9 PLUTONIUM AND URANIUM IN AIRBORNE PARTICULATES OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1983 COMPOSITES 238 Pu 239 Pu 234, 235 U 238, LOCATION AL: MONTGOMERY AL:MONTGOMERY CA:BERKELEY CA:LOS ANGELES CT:HARTFORD DE: WILMINGTON FL:JACKSONVILLE FL:MIAMI HI:HONOLULU IA:IOWA CITY ID:BOISE ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO IN:INDIANAPOLIS ME:AUGUSTA 111: LANSING MO:JEFFERSON CITY MS:JACKSON ND:BISMARCK NH:CONCORD NJ:TRENTON NV:LAS VEGAS NY .-ALBANY NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS NY .'SYRACUSE OH .'COLUMBUS OlkPAINESVILLE Oil: TOLEDO OR:PORTLAND PA:HARRIS BURG PA:PITTSBURGH RI: PROVIDENCE SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA SD:PIERRE TNrKNOXVILLE TN:NASHVILLE TX:AUSTIN aCi/m3+ 2s aCi/m3+ 2s 1.2 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 -0.1 -0.4 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.8 0.4 -0.1 0.3 1.4 0.0 -0.1 -1.1 1.6 0.2 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.8 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.4 2.3 0.8 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.3 1.4 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.0 0.3 0.5 1.0 1.1 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.3 1.5 0.8 0.6 1.2 0.3 0.7 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.7 1.1 4.5 1.0 0.5 3.0 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.9 0.6 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.0 0.2 2.8 1.8 0.9 1.2 1.7 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.9 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .7 .7 .4 .5 .2 .4 .6 .5 .6 .9 .0 .4 .1 .8 .2 .9 .5 .6 .3 .5 .8 .9 .5 .5 .3 .3 .2 .8 .6 .7 .8 .5 .3 .4 .4 .5 .5 .8 .5 aCi/m3+ 2s 22 22 6 15 9 9 9 8 7 15 20 20 21 32 16 35 18 11 18 8 12 118 27 34 24 11 39 11 26 10 19 39 10 23 23 10 26 29 11 .2 .1 .4 .1 .0 .2 .2 .4 .5 .1 .1 .3 .4 .3 .1 .0 .2 .6 .6 .8 .0 .8 .1 .6 .8 .3 .0 .9 .7 .7 .9 .0 .0 .9 .3 .1 .4 .5 .1 4.7 6.2 1.6 3.6 1.6 1.9 2.1 1.8 1.8 2.4 4.1 3.1 4.4 5.1 2.4 6.4 3.4 2.9 3.7 1.6 3.4 19.1 3.9 6.3 3.5 2.4 9.9 1.8 4.1 2.2 3.6 9.1 1.8 6.1 4.1 2.7 6.7 5.7 2.9 aCi/sn3+ 2s 2.7 1.1 0.3 2.0 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.6 2.1 1.2 0.7 1.8 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.4 0.9 1.7 0.7 1.1 0.5 1.7 0.6 1.9 1.9 0.6 0.6 1.6 0.2 3.3 1.3 0.6 1.5 1.5 0.4 1.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.9 0.4 1.1 0.8 0.4 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 1.0 1.3 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.5 1.0 0.3 0.8 0.4 0.9 2.0 0.4 1.0 0.9 0.5 1.9 1.0 0.6 aCi/m3+ 2s 20.9 12.8 6.7 21.6 9.3 7.0 11.4 10.8 5.2 15.4 21.4 17.6 16.1 23.7 18.2 28.7 11.3 8.3 14.8 8.5 12.5 81.1 23.8 19.4 25.6 8.2 38.7 10.1 19.1 12.2 16.1 32.4 9.5 10.6 27.2 13.9 19.2 23.0 10.9 4.6 4.4 1.6 4.6 1.6 1.6 2.4 2.1 1.5 2.5 4.3 2.8 3.6 4.2 2.7 5.6 2.6 2.4 3.2 1.6 3.5 14.4 3.5 4.2 3.6 2.0 10.4 1.6 3.2 2.4 3.1 8.1 1.8 3.6 4.5 3.3 5.4 4.2 2.9 15 ------- TABLE 9 (CONTINUED) PLUTONIUM AND URANIUM IN AIRBORNE PARTICULATES OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1983 COMPOSITES 238pu 239PU 234u 235u 238 LOCATION aCi/m3+ 2s aCi/ra3+ 2s aCi/m3+ 2s aCi/m3+ 2s aCi/m3+ 2s TX:EL PASO 0.6 0.6 1.4 1.0 54.3 13.8 2.7 2.5 40.5 11.3 UTtSALT LAKE CITY 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.3 19.5 5.2 0.5 0.6 14.0 4.2 VA:LYNCHBURG 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.6 417.4 43.7 11.1 2.2 20.0 3,3 VArVIRGINIA BEACH 1.5 0.8 1.5 0.8 15.4 3.1 1.4 0.8 14.2 2.9 WA:SEATTLE 0.7 o'.5 0.4 0.4 4.0 1.0 1.2 0.5 5.7 1.3 WA:SPOKANE -0.1 0.5 0.9 0.5 38.2 8.5 1.0 1.0 20.7 5,5 WI:MADISON 0.3 0.3 1.9 0.8 4.1 1.2 0.6 0.4 3.9 1.1 WVrCHARLESTON 2.4 1.1 0.2 0.5 17.2 3.2 0.5 0.5 19.0 3.4 SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 16 ------- Krypton-85 Krypton-85 is a long-lived noble gas with a half life of 10.8 years. It is released into the atmosphere by nuclear reactor operations, fuel fabrication, fuel reprocessing, and nuclear detonations. Krypton-85 also occurs naturally in minor quantities primarily from the neutron capture of stable krypton-84 as well as spontaneous fission and neutron-induced fission of uranium. Monitoring of krypton-85 in the atmosphere has been conducted to identify and establish baseline levels and long-term trends. Krypton-85 analysis began in January 1973 with sample collections and analyses being performed for 12 sampling locations. These locations were selected to provide atmospheric coverage of the United States with considerations being given to the proximity to fuel reprocessing plants, nuclear reactors, and wide geographic coverage. Dry compressed air samples, collected at each location, are purchased from commercial air suppliers annually and shipped to the EERF where the krypton-85 is cryogenically separated and counted in a liquid scintillation system. The Kr-85 results will be published when they are available. 17 ------- DATA * EPA ERAMS SECTION II. Water Program The ERAMS water program provides ambient radiation data to assess the effects of nuclear fallout, the natural radiation environment, and other nuclear sources on the nation's rivers, streams and drinking water supplies. Surface Water Grab samples are taken quarterly at 58 stations located downstream from operating or future nuclear facilities. Surface water monitoring consists of tritium analyses quarterly and gamma scans annually. Tritium is the primary radioactive pollutant from nuclear power plants. Tritium concentrations are determined by liquid scintillation counting of distilled samples. Gamma scans are performed annually to determine if there is a buildup of other contaminants. Tritium concentrations for surface water samples for October December 1984 are given in Table 10. 18 ------- TABLE 10 SURFACE WATER TRITIUM CONCENTRATION OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1984 LOCATION AL;DECATUR ALrGORDAN AL:SCOTTSBORO AR:LITTLE ROCK CA:DIABLO CANYON CA:EUREKA CA:SAN ONOFRE COrCREELEY CT:EAST HADDAM CTiWATERFORD FL:CRYSTAL RIVER FL:FT. PIERCE FL:HOMESTEAD IA:CEDAR RAPIDS ID:BUHL IL:MOLINE IL: MORRIS IL:ZION LA:NEW ORLEANS MA:PLYMOUTH MD:C.ONOWINGO MD:LUSBY ME:WISCASSET MI:CHARLEVOIX MI:MONROE MI:SOUTH HAVEN MN:MONTICELLO MNrRED WING MS:PORT GIBSON NC:CHARLOTTE NC:SOUTHPORT NJrBAYSIDE NJ:OYSTER CREEK NV:BOULDER CITY NY:OSSINING NYrOSWEGO NY:POUGHKEEPSIE OH:TOLEDO PA:DANVILLE SOURCE TENNESSEE RIVER CHATTAHOOCHEE R. TENNESSEE RIVER ARKANSAS RIVER PACIFIC OCEAN HUMBOLDT BAY PACIFIC OCEAN SOUTH PLATTE RIVER CONNECTICUT RIVER LONG ISLAND SOUND GULF OF MEXICO ATLANTIC OCEAN BISCAYNE BAY CEDAR RIVER SNAKE RIVER MISSISSIPPI RIVER ILLINOIS RIVER LAKE MICHIGAN MISSISSIPPI RIVER CAPE CODE BAY SUSQUEHANNA RIVER CHESAPEAKE BAY MONTSEWAY BAY LAKE MICHIGAN LAKE ERIE LAKE MICHIGAN MISSISSIPPI RIVER MISSISSIPPI RIVER MISSISSIPPI RIVER CATAWBA RIVER ATLANTIC OCEAN DELAWARE RIVER OYSTER CREEK COLORADO RIVER HUDSON RIVER LAKE ONTARIO HUDSON RIVER LAKE ERIE SUSQUEHANNA RIVER DATE COLLECTED 10/ 4/84 10/18/84 10/ 2/84 10/ 2/84 10/ 3/84 10/ 4/84 11/27/84 10/ 9/84 III 1/84 ll/ 6/84 10/ 8/84 10/ 9/84 ll/ 7/84 10/ 9/84 10/15/84 11/15/84 10/13/84 10/ 3/84 10/11/84 10/10/84 10/ 9/84 10/ 9/84 10/16/84 10/ 6/84 10/ 7/84 10/ 1/84 ll/ 5/84 10/11/84 10/18/84 10/ 8/84 10/ 3/84 11/15/84 11/13/84 10/12/84 10/ 4/84 10/31/84 10/ 3/84 10/ 2/84 10/ 3/84 nCi/1 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 ± 2s 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 19 ------- TABLE 10 (CONTINUED) SURFACE WATER TRITIUM CONCENTRATION OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1984 LOCATION SC:ALLENUALE SC:BROAD RIVER SCrllARTSVILLE TN:DAISY TN:KINGSTON TX:EL PASO VArDOSWELL WA:NORTHPORT WA:RICHLAND WI:TWO CREEKS WI: VICTORY WV:WHEELING SOURCE SAVANNAH RIVER BROAD RIVER LAKE ROBINSON TENNESSEE RIVER CLINCH RIVER RIO GRANDE NORTH ANNA RIVER COLUMBIA RIVER COLUMBIA RIVER LAKE MICHIGAN MISSISSIPPI RIVER OHIO RIVER DATE COLLECTED 10/11/84 10/10/84 10/ 8/84 11/20/84 10/ 3/84 10/10/84 10/ 5/84 11/13/84 10/ 7/84 11/12/84 10/ 9/84 10/ 3/84 nCi/1 3.1 0.2 0. 0. 0. .5 .5 .3 0.3 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 ± 2s 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 SIGKA COUNTING ERROR 20 ------- Drinking Water The drinking water program provides ambient radiation monitoring relevant to the effects of the nuclear power industry, natural environmental levels, and other pertinent sources. These data serve to assess trends and anomalies in concentrations, and to compare with standards set forth in the EPA "National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations." These regulations provide for approval of supplies when the combined radium-226 and radium-228 levels do not exceed 5 pCi/1, when the gross alpha (excluding radon and uranium) levels do not exceed 15 pCi/1, when tritium levels do not exceed 20,000 pCi/1, when the strontium-90 levels do not exceed 8 pCi/1, and when the gross beta levels do not exceed 50 pCi/1. Grab samples are taken at 78 sites which are either major population centers or selected nuclear facility environs. The analyses include (a) tritium on a quarterly basis; (b) gross alpha, gross beta, strontium-90, and gamma on annual composites; (c) radium-226 if the gross alpha exceeds 2 pCi/1 and radium-228 if the radium-226 falls between 3 and 5 pCi/1; (d) specific iodine-131 on one quarterly sample per year for each station; and (e) an annual composite for plutonium-238 and -239 and uranium-234, -235, and -238 for stations that demonstrate gross alpha levels greater than 2 pCi/1. Tritium analyses are performed by scintillation counting of the distilled samples, gross beta, and gross alpha by evaporating an aliquot on stainless steel planchets for counting, and radium*-226 by the standard emanation technique. Strontium-90 is determined by beta counting a strontium carbonate precipitate isolated by ion exchange. The results of tritium in drinking water analyses for October December 1984 are shown in Table 11. Plutonium and uranium analyses are similar to procedures given for air particulate samples. Analyses were altered to coincide with revised EPA standards. The results for 1983 composite samples are shown in Table 12. Iodine-131 concentration in drinking water for 1984 is shown in Table 13. All samples were taken as either a single grab sample or composite samples taken over 12 to 14 days. 21 ------- TABLE 11 DRINKING WATER TRITIUM CONCENTRATION OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1984 LOCATION AK:FAIRBANKS AL:DOTHAN AL:MONTGOMERY AL:MUSCLE SHOALS ALrSCOTTSBORO AR:LITTLE ROCK CA:BERKELEY CA:LOS ANGELES CO:DENVER CO:PLATTEVILLE CT: HARTFORD DC:WASHINGTON DE:DOVER FL:MIAMI FLrTAMPA GA:SAVANNAH HI: HONOLULU IA:CEDAR RAPIDS ID:BOISE ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:MORRIS IL:W. CHICAGO KS :TOPEKA LA:NEW ORLEANS MA:LAWRENCE MD:BALTIMORE MD:CONOWINGO ME:AUGUSTA MI:DETROIT MI:GRAND RAPIDS MN:MINNEAPOLIS MN:RED WING MS : JACKSON MS:PORT GIBSON NC:CHARLOTTE NC:WILMINGTON ND:BISMARCK KErLINCOLN DATE COLLECTED 10/12/84 10/17/84 10/ 5/84 10/ 3/84 10/ 2/84 10/ 2/84 10/10/84 10/10/84 10/30/84 10/24/84 10/ 4/84 10/ 5/84 10/ 9/84 10/ 1/84 10/23/84 10/15/84 10/22/84 10/ 8/84 11/27/84 10/15/84 10/ 1/84 10/ 1/84 10/ 1/84 10/30/84 10/ 3/84 10/ 4/84 10/ 9/84 10/ 1/84 10/ 8/84 10/17/84 10/12/84 10/11/84 10/ 4/84 10/ 9/84 10/ 8/84 10/ 2/84 10/ 8/84 10/ 9/84 nCi/1 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 3.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 ± 2s 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 22 ------- TABLE 11 (CONTINUED) DRINKING WATER TRITIUM CONCENTRATION OCTOBER * DECEMBER 1984 LOCATION NH: CONCORD NJ:TRENTON NJ:WARETOWN NV:LAS VEGAS NY:ALBANY NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS NY:SYRACUSE OH CINCINNATI OH:COLUMBUS OH:EAST LIVERPOOL OH:PAINESVILLE OH:TOLEDO OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OR ^PORTLAND PA^COLUMBIA PA:HARRISBURG PA .-PITTSBURGH PC:ANCON RI:PROVIDENCE SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA SC:HARTSVILLE SC:JENKINSVILLE SC: SENECA TN: CHATTANOOGA TN:KNOXVILLE TX:AUSTIN VA:DOSWELL VA :LYNCHBURG VA VIRGINIA BEACH VI:ST. THOMAS WA:RICHLAND WA:SEATTLE WI:GENOA CITY WI:MADISON DATE COLLECTED 10/ 2/84 10/23/84 11/13/84 10/ 4/84 10/ 5/84 10/ 4/84 10/ 2/84 10/29/84 10/ 1/84 10/ 5/84 10/10/84 10/26/84 10/ 2/84 10/ 3/84 10/ 3/84 10/ 4/84 10/ 3/84 10/10/84 10/29/84 10/12/84 ll/ 1/84 10/ 2/84 10/ 8/84 10/12/84 10/17/84 10/11/84 10/ 4/84 10/ 3/84 10/30/84 10/ 5/84 10/12/84 10/17/84 10/ 7/84 10/ 5/84 10/ 9/84 10/11/84 nCi 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0, 0. 0. 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 0 0 0 0.2 SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 23 ------- TABLE 12 PLUTONIUM AND URANIUM ANALYSES OF SELECTED DRINKING WATER COMPOSITE SAMPLES LOCATION CA:LOS ANGELES CO : DENVER C():PLATTEVILLE ID: IDAHO FALLS IL:MORRIS IL:W. CHICAGO KS:TOPEKA MN:RED WING MS: PORT GIBSON ND: BISMARCK NF:LINCOLN NV:LAS VEGAS OH: COLUMBUS SC:JENKINSVILLE TN:KNOXVILLE 238 pCI/1 0.024 0.017 0.006 0.013 0.021 0.014 0.014 0.005 0.003 0.002 0.027 .000 0.005 0.067 0.009 Pu ± 2s 0.015 0.013 0.010 0.013 0.016 0.011 0.010 0.006 0.005 0.004 0.057 0.005 0.006 0.063 0.006 -0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 239 pCi/1 .002 .007 .003 .002 .003 .001 .000 .002 .000 .001 .001 .007 .000 .053 .003 1983 Pu ± 2s 0.008 0.010 0.007 0.007 0.005 0.007 0.007 0.003 0.000 0.002 0.017 0.009 0.000 0.059 0.006 234 pCi/1 4.112 0.913 6.824 0.703 0.504 1.498 0.406 0.303 0.123 0.101 3.357 2.172 0.043 36.880 0.073 U + 2s 0.619 0.122 0.688 0.110 0.083 0.172 0.055 0.043 0.025 0.024 0.463 0.249 0.015 3.841 0.019 235 pCl/1 0.304 0.019 0.569 0.027 0.110 0.020 0.021 0.006 0.006 0.010 0.204 0.125 0.006 0.486 0.002 U + 2s 0.095 0.010 0.092 0.020 0.033 0.013 0.010 0.005 0.005 0.008 0.077 0.036 0.006 0.136 0.003 238 pCi/1 3.755 0.609 5.231 0.209 0.133 0.103 0.362 0.020 0.048 0.097 2.849 1.641 0.028 8.524 0.043 U ± 2s 0.572 0.088 0.539 0.051 0.038 0.030 0.051 0.009 0.015 0.023 0.408 0.198 0.012 1.003 0.014 THE MINIMUM DETECTABLE LEVEL IS .015 pCi/SAMPLE, FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL ISOTOPE. s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 24 ------- TABLE 13 IODINE-131 IN DRINKING WATER 1984 LOCATION AK:FAIRBANKS AL:DOTI1AN AL:MONTGOMERY AL:MUSCLE SHOALS ALrSCOTTSBORO ARrLITTLE ROCK CA: BERKELEY CArLOS ANGELES CO: DENVER COrPLATTEVILLE CT:HARTFORD DC:WASHINGTON DE:DOVER FL:MIAMI FL:TAMPA GA: SAVANNAH II I: HONOLULU IA:CEDAR RAPIDS ID:BOISE II): IDAHO FALLS IL:MORRIS IL:W. CHICAGO KS :TOPEKA LA:NEW ORLEANS MA:LAWRENCE MA:ROWE MD:BALTIMORE MD:CONOWINGO ME:AUGUSTA MI:DETROIT MI:GRAND RAPIDS MN ^MINNEAPOLIS MN:RED WING MS:JACKSON MS:PORT GIBSON MT:HELENA NC:CHARLOTTE NC:WILMINGTON ND:BISMARCK NE: LINCOLN DATE COLLECTED 4/12/84 4/ 6/84 1/10/84 I/ 5/84 I/ 4/84 11 3/84 10/10/84 11 5/84 4/17/84 4/17/84 4/ 5/84 10/ 5/84 I/ 3/84 I/ 3/84 7/16/84 1/10/84 4/18/84 10/ 8/84 5/ 2/84 4/20/84 I/ 4/84 I/ 5/84 I/ 4/84 4/27/84 I/ 4/84 4/24/84 I/ 3/84 1/10/84 11 4/84 I/ 9/84 7/17/84 I/ 3/84 4/10/84 4/ 3/84 1/10/84 I/ 3/84 7/ 9/84 I/ 5/84 I/ 4/84 4/27/84 pCi/1 -0.1 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.1 -1.9 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.2 0.1 -0.1 0.0 o.o 0.2 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 + 2s 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 ------- TABLE 13 (CONTINUED) IODINE-131 IN DRINKING WATER 1984 LOCATION NH:CONCORD NJ:TRENTON NJ:WARETOWN NVrLAS VEGAS NY:ALBANY NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS NY:SYRACUSE Oil: CINCINNATI OH:COLUMBUS OH:EAST LIVERPOOL OH GAINESVILLE OH :TOLEDO OK:OKLAHOMA CITY ORrPORTLAND PA: COLUMBIA DATE COLLECTED 4/ 6/84 6/27/84 6/26/84 11 3/84 1/11/84 4/ 5/84 I/ 5/84 1/10/84 I/ 3/84 1/10/84 4/11/84 1/10/84 I/ 4/84 4/ 6/84 I/ 4/84 4/12/84 pCi/1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.6 -0.1 0.1 0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 -0.1 ± 2s 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 26 ------- SECTION III. External Gamma Ambient Monitoring Program The external gamma monitoring program, which began in October 1978, provides a continuous measurement of ambient gamma exposure rates, including cosmic, at selected sites throughout the continental United States. Data from this program are used to evaluate fluctuations in natural background due to variations in environmental conditions and to provide a means of monitoring any significant increases in ambient gamma levels due to weapons fallout, reactor operations, etc. The program consists of approximately 22 sites representing a wide geographic coverage throughout the country.* Although exposure measurements at these few sites are not totally representative of nationwide exposures, they will be indicative of national trends. The monitoring program utilizes CaF2:Nn thermoluminescent dosimeters(TLD's). These dosimeters are commercially available glass-bulb type dosimeters with energy compensating shields. A group of three TLD's is located at each station or site. Dosimeters are annealed by the station operator prior to positioning in the field. The dosimeters are returned to EERF for readout on an approximate one-month cycle.** Several dosimeters are annealed by the station operator as controls and returned with the exposed field dosimeters to correct for any exposures accumulated during shipment. Results from the period October - December 1984 are shown in Table 14. * Some of these sites may not return dosimeters each period and consequently the number of sites listed may vary slightly. ** Starting October, 1984, this program will change to a quarterly cycle. 27 ------- TABLE 14 OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1984 ENVIRONMENTAL GAMMA AMBIENT MONITORING PROGRAM INTEGRATED EXPOSURE LOCATION DATE RANGE EXPOSURE RATE AL:MONTGOMERY CA:BERKELEY CO: DENVER FL:ORLANDO ID:BOISE IL:CHICAGO ND: El SMARCK. NJ:TRENTON KM:SANTA FE NV:LAS VEGAS NY:NEW YORK OH:COLUMBUS OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OR:PORTLAND PArllARRISBURG RI:PROVIDENCE SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA TN:KNOXVILLE VA: RICHMOND VT:MONTPELIER MR 100184- 100384- 100284- 100184- 101684- 101884- 100384- 101984- 100484- 100384- 101784- 100184- 101084- 100284- 100184- 101084- 101984- 100284- 100484- 100484- 101184- 10785 10385 10885 10285 11085 10285 10285 10385 10485 10785 12585 10285 11585 11685 10385 10985 10385 10285 10485 10485 11085 19.5 13.1 39.9 11.7 25.7 12.9 22.5 21.8 31.9 19.2 19.2 20.0 20.7 24.2 13.6 25.0 14.6 18.5 21.5 19.7 19.2 MICRO R/HR + 2 s * 8.3 5.9 17.0 5.3 12.5 7.0 10.3 12.0 14.4 8.3 8.0 8.9 8.9 9.5 6.0 11.5 8.0 8.4 9.8 8.9 8.8 7.4 6.3 2.9 8.5 4.1 6.9 5.2 4.7 14.4 5.9 7.2 7.7 4.5 4.1 7.7 7.9 6.6 9.3 7.8 6.3 2.7 * s = SIGMA ERROR (IN PERCENT) 28 ------- SECTION IV. Milk Program Pasteurized Milk This is a cooperative program of the EPA, ORP and the Dairy and Lipid Products Branch, Milk Sanitation Section, Food and Drug Administration. Milk is a reliable indicator of the general population's intake of radionuclides since it is consumed hy a large segment of the population and contains several of the biologically important contaminants resulting from environmental releases from nuclear activities. A primary function of this program is to obtain reliable monitoring data relative to current radionuclide concentrations and determine any long-term trends. Monthly samples are collected at 65 sampling sites with one or more located in each state, Puerto Rico, and the Panama Canal. These are composite samples representing more than 80 percent of the milk consumed in a given population center. These samples are analyzed for iodine-131, barium-140, cesitiro-137, and potassium. All 65 samples are analyzed annually in July for strontium-89, and strontium-90. Also, for the first month of the three quarters beginning January, April and October, 10 regional composite samples of milk made up from the states within each of EPA's 10 regions are analyzed for strontium-89 and strontium-90. Iodine-131, barium-140, cesium-137 and potassium are determined by gamma spectral analysis. Strontium-89 and strontium-90 are determined by beta counting a total strontium precipitate which has been chemically separated by ion-exchange. The values from the pasteurized milk samples for October December 1984 are shown in Tables 15-17. Strontium values from regional composite samples collected October - December 1984 are shown in Table 18. 29 ------- TABLE 15 CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK OCTOBER 1984 LOCATION AL:MONTGOMERY AR:LITTLE ROCK AZ:PHOENIX CArLOS ANGELES CA:SACRAMENTO CA:SAN FRANCISCO CT:HARTFORD FL:TAMPA GA:ATLANTA IA.-DES MOINES ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO IK:INDIANAPOLIS KS:WICHITA KY:LOUISVILLE LA:NEW ORLEANS MA:BOSTON MD:BALTIMORE ME:PORTLAND MI rDETROIT Ml:GRAND RAPIDS MN: MINNEAPOLIS MN:ST. PAUL MO:KANSAS CITY MO:ST. LOUIS MS:JACKSON MT: HELENA NC:CHARLOTTE ND:MINOT NE:OMAHA NH:CONCORD NJ:TRENTON KV:LAS VEGAS NY:BUFFALO NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:SYRACUSE OH:CINCINNATI OH:CLEVELAND DATE COLLECTED 10/ 4/84 10/ 8/84 10/11/84 10/22/84 10/ 4/84 10/ 4/84 10/ 1/84 10/ 8/84 10/ 1/84 10/ 2/84 10/18/84 10/ 1/84 10/ 9/84 10/ 8/84 10/ 2/84 10/10/84 10/ 2/84 10/ 5/84 10/ 9/84 10/11/84 10/ 8/84 10/ 1/84 10/ 2/84 10/11/84 10/ 3/84 10/ 8/84 10/16/84 10/ 8/84 10/29/84 10/ 5/84 10/ 1/84 10/ 3/84 10/ 8/84 10/ 9/84 10/ 1/84 10/ 1/84 10/ 1/84 10/ 8/84 K g/l±2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .58 .56 .50 .55 .53 .50 .55 .46 .53 .58 .53 .49 .49 .60 .56 .54 .59 .52 .59 .60 .56 .62 .51 .48 .49 .54 .41 .72 .64 .56 .53 .50 .56 .50 .48 .60 .52 .54 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 s .13 .13 .09 .13 .13 .12 .13 .12 .13 .13 .09 .12 .12 .13 .13 .13 .13 .13 .09 .13 .09 .24 .13 .08 .12 .13 .12 .24 .13 .13 .13 .12 .13 .08 .12 .13 .13 .13 137 Cs pCi/l+2s 2 4 -1 -2 -2 2 6 11 3 4 0 6 1 2 0 5 7 4 2 0 5 -3 2 4 0 4 2 5 -3 -3 2 2 2 4 0 5 2 1 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 5 18 7 5 7 7 7 18 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 140 'Ba pCi/l+2s -4 2 -2 -1 2 -5 -9 -3 -4 3 0 -2 -6 -3 -3 3 4 2 -1 3 -4 3 -1 3 -2 0 2 5 -6 3 3 1 -6 -2 1 1 1 -5 9 9 6 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 6 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 6 9 6 19 9 6 9 9 9 19 9 9 9 9 9 6 9 9 9 9 131 I pCi/l+2s 1 7 2 3 2 5 4 2 3 5 1 1 2 3 5 0 6 5 -1 1 0 7 1 3 3 1 -1 4 5 2 -1 -2 2 2 7 -2 -3 2 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 5 14 7 5 7 7 7 14 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 30 ------- TABLE 15 (CONTINUED) CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK OCTOBER 1984 LOCATION OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OR:PORTLAND PA PITTSBURGH PC: CRISTOBAL PR:SAN JUAN SC:CHARLESTON SC:CHARLESTON SD:RAPID CITY TN:CHATTANOOGA TN:KNOXVILLE TN:MEMPHIS TX:AUSTIN UT:SALT LAKE CITY VA:NORFOLK VT:BURLINGTON WA:SEATTLE WI:MILWAUKEE WV: CHARLESTON WYrLARAMIE DATE COLLECTED 10/ 1/84 10/ 9/84 10/10/84 10/25/84 10/18/84 10/ 3/84 10/16/84 10/ 8/84 10/ 9/84 10/ 9/84 10/25/84 10/15/84 10/ 8/84 10/10/84 10/ 4/84 10/ 1/84 10/31/84 10/31/84 10/ 4/84 K IJ/p L41-'Ra J.-IJ.T OS 1}«J J. g/l±2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .55 .52 .36 .45 .55 .57 .44 .43 .57 .52 .52 .51 .57 .61 .45 .58 .52 .59 .51 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 s .13 .13 .12 .12 .13 .13 .12 .12 .13 .13 .09 .09 .09 .13 .12 .13 .13 .09 .13 pCi/l+2s 4 2 2 16 5 1 7 -1 0 2 -1 4 3 1 3 4 5 2 1 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 5 5 7 7 7 7 5 7 pCi/l+2s -6 -2 -2 -4 -2 -4 3 2 -8 0 -3 -3 -4 -7 -3 -3 -1 2 -1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 6 6 6 9 9 9 9 6 9 pCi/l+2s 2 5 2 3 -3 -2 4 2 1 -4 0 1 2 8 5 4 1 0 1 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 5 5 7 7 7 7 5 7 NS NO SAMPLE s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 31 ------- TABLE 16 CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK NOVEMBER 1984 LOCATION AK:ANCHORAGE AL:MONTGOMERY AR:LITTLE ROCK AZ:PHOENIX CA:LOS ANGELES CA:SACRAMENTO CA:SAN FRANCISCO CO:DENVER CO .'DENVER CT:HARTFORD FL:TAMPA GA:ATLANTA HI: HONOLULU IA:DES MOINES ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO IN:INDIANAPOLIS KS:WICHITA KY:LOUISVILLE LArNEW ORLEANS MA:BOSTON MD:BALTIMORE ME:PORTLAND MI .'.DETROIT MI:CRAND RAPIDS MN:MINNEAPOLIS MN:ST. PAUL MO:KANSAS CITY MO:ST. LOUIS MS:JACKSON MT:HELENA NC:CHARLOTTE ND:MINOT NH:MANCHESTER NJ:TRENTON NM:ALBUQUERQUE N\7:LAS VEGAS NY:BUFFALO DATE COLLECTED ll/ 1/84 III 8/84 ll/ 5/84 ll/ 8/84 11/26/84 ll/ 2/84 ll/ 2/84 ll/ 1/84 11/30/84 ll/ 5/84 11/13/84 ll/ 2/84 ll/ 7/84 ll/ 1/84 ll/ 8/84 ll/ 5/84 ll/ 5/84 ll/ 5/84 ll/ 7/84 11/19/84 ll/ 6/84 ll/ 2/84 ll/ 6/84 ll/ 8/84 ll/ 6/84 ll/ 5/84 ll/ 5/84 ll/ 9/84 ll/ 7/84 ll/ 8/84 ll/ 8/84 ll/ 6/84 11/26/84 III 5/84 ll/ 7/84 11/26/84 ll/ 6/84 11/13/84 K g/l+2s 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .83 .72 .53 .62 .53 .51 .54 .44 .44 .59 .68 .56 .52 .47 .58 .57 .51 .48 .67 .48 .57 .55 .62 .59 .63 .54 .77 .46 .54 .47 .52 .71 .56 .51 .59 .43 .57 .57 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .17 .13 .13 .13 .13 .12 .13 .12 .08 .13 .13 .13 .13 .07 .13 .09 .12 .12 .13 .12 .09 .13 .13 .13 .13 .13 .25 .12 .13 .12 .09 .24 .13 .12 .09 .12 .09 .13 137 Cs pCi/l+2si 3 4 4 7 1 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 -2 3 0 0 6 3 1 1 2 1 6 -4 1 3 16 3 -2 5 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 13 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 4 7 5 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 18 7 7 7 5 18 7 7 5 7 5 7 140 Ba pCi/l+2s 1 -4 -3 -6 -9 -3 4 2 1 -3 -2 >3 -4 -2 -1 -1 -5 3 -8 3 -2 -3 -7 0 -4 -2 7 0 -5 -4 -3 11 -2 -2 -2 -5 0 -6 13 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 6 9 9 9 9 5 9 6 9 9 9 9 6 9 9 9 9 9 19 9 9 9 6 19 9 9 6 9 6 9 131 I pCi/l+2s 2 -4 1 3 8 2 4 1 6 5 -3 0 2 0 -4 1 -1 0 0 -1 2 -1 5 2 4 0 -2 0 2 5 2 2 9 3 2 5 1 -1 10 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 4 7 5 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 14 7 7 7 5 14 7 7 5 7 5 7 32 ------- TABLE 16 (CONTINUED) CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZE!) MILK NOVEMBER 1984 LOCATION NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:SYRACUSE OH:CINCINNATI OH:CLEVELAND OK:OKLAHOMA CITY PA PHILADELPHIA PA:PITTSBURGH PC:CRISTOBAL PR:SAN JUAN SC:CHARLESTON SD.-RAPID CITY TN:CHATTANOOGA TN:KNOXVILLE TN:MEMPHIS TX:AUSTIN UT:SALT LAKE CITY VA:NORFOLK VT:BURLINGTON WA:SEATTLE WlrMILWAUKEE WYrLARAMIE DATE COLLECTED ll/ 5/84 III 5/84 ll/ 5/84 III 7/84 III 5/84 11/13/84 III 7/84 11/29/84 III 9/84 11/28/84 ll/ 5/84 ll/ 5/84 III 5/84 11/28/84 III 7/84 III 7/84 11/16/84 III 2/84 III 9/84 11/30/84 11/11/84 K g/l±2s 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .56 .58 .54 .56 .49 .49 .74 .48 .50 .57 .61 .67 .64 .54 .49 .66 .63 .48 .56 .65 .69 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .13 .13 .13 .13 .09 .12 .24 .12 .12 .13 .13 .13 .09 .13 .12 .13 .09 .12 .13 .09 .13 137 Cs pCi/l+2s 0 2 3 -1 3 0 -3 19 6 9 -3 2 5 4 2 0 2 4 -1 1 3 7 7 7 7 5 7 18 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 5 7 7 5 7 140 Ba pCi/l+2s -7 -11 -2 0 0 -1 -5 -5 -1 2 -1 -2 -6 -4 -6 -6 -2 0 0 -5 -6 9 9 9 9 6 9 18 9 9 9 9 9 6 9 9 9 6 9 9 6 9 131 I pCi/l+2s 3 4 2 4 4 2 -2 0 3 0 1 5 3 -1 2 1 0 1 4 3 -1 7 7 7 7 5 7 14 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 5 7 7 5 7 NS NO SAMPLE S SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 33 ------- TABLE 17 CONCENTRATIONS OF RAUIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK DECEMBER 1984 LOCATION AL:MONTGOMERY AR:LITTLE ROCK AZ:PHOENIX CA:LOS ANGELES CA:SACRAMENTO CArSAN FRANCISCO CO :DENVER CT:IIARTFORD FL:TAMPA GA:ATLANTA 111: HONOLULU IA:DES HOINES ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO IN:INDIANAPOLIS KS:WICHITA KY:LOUISVILLE MA:BOSTON MD: BALTIMORE ME:PORTLAND MI:DETROIT MI:GRAND RAPIDS MN:MINNEAPOLIS MN:ST. PAUL MO:KANSAS CITY MO:ST. LOUIS MS :JACKSON NC:CHARLOTTE ND:MINOT NE .-OMAHA NH:MANCHESTER NJ:TRENTON NM:ALBUQUERQUE NV:LAS VEGAS NY:BUFFALO NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:SYRACUSE OH .-CINCINNATI DATE COLLECTED 127 7/84 12/ 4/84 12/ 6/84 12/18/84 12/ 6/84 12/ 3/84 11/30/84 12/ 3/84 12/11/84 12/ 3/84 12/ 1/84 12/ 4/84 12/ 6/84 127 3/84 12/ 3/84 12/10/84 12/ 3/84 12/ 4/84 12/ 7/84 12/ 4/84 12/ 6/84 127 3/84 12/ 3/84 127 4/84 127 6/84 127 5/84 127 3/84 12/12/84 12/13/84 127 7/84 127 3/84 127 5/84 127 3/84 127 3/84 127 3/84 127 3/84 127 3/84 127 4/84 K 8/l±2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .60 .48 .59 .48 .64 .55 .43 .52 .49 .57 .57 .47 .58 .55 .49 .51 .54 .61 .60 .83 .59 .55 .55 .52 .51 .55 .43 .77 .49 .41 .57 .51 .55 .46 .57 .57 .54 .52 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 s .13 .08 .13 .08 .13 .13 .12 .13 .12 .13 .13 .12 .13 .13 .12 .12 .13 .13 .09 .25 .13 .13 .13 .13 .12 .13 .12 .24 .12 .07 .09 .09 .13 .12 .09 .13 .13 .09 137 Cs pCi/l+2s 2 4 4 2 0 2 1 0 11 0 -1 4 3 5 7 -3 5 2 2 12 -1 7 2 -1 1 5 7 16 1 3 6 3 4 4 4 2 -2 -6 7 5 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 18 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 18 7 4 5 5 7 7 5 7 7 5 140 Ba pCi/l+2s -5 -5 2 -4 0 -1 1 -3 -8 1 1 2 4 -1 5 -1 0 -7 0 14 -1 -1 -5 0 -1 -2 -3 -8 -3 0 -2 2 -5 0 -7 1 -1 6 9 6 9 6 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 6 19 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 18 9 5 6 6 9 9 6 9 9 6 131 I pCi/l+2s 3 1 2 0 4 -1 2 1 8 -6 8 3 3 0 6 -2 3 7 6 3 0 2 2 5 5 -2 1 10 6 4 4 2 1 2 4 2 0 2 7 5 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 14 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 14 7 4 5 5 7 7 5 7 7 5 34 ------- TABLE 17 (CONTINUED) CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK DECEMBER 1984 LOCATION OH:CLEVELAND OR:PORTLAND PA:PHILADELPHIA PA:PITTSBURGH PC: CRISTOBAL PR:SAN JUAN 3D:RAPID CITY TN:CHATTANOOGA TKiKNOXVILLE TN:MEMPHIS TX:AUSTIN UTrSALT LAKE CITY VA:NORFOLK VT:BURLINGTON WA:SEATTLE WI: MILWAUKEE WV:CHARLESTON WY:LARAMIE DATE COLLECTED 12/10/84 12/ 3/84 12/ 3/84 12/ 5/84 12/20/84 12/13/84 12/ 5/84 12/ 3/84 12/ 3/84 12/27/84 12/ 3/84 12/ 3/84 12/13/84 12/ 3/84 12/ 4/84 11/30/84 12/18/84 12/ 4/84 K g/l±2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .55 .48 .54 .46 .54 .49 .60 .64 .45 .53 .45 .56 .51 .56 .56 .64 .50 .60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 s .13 .12 .13 .24 .09 .12 .13 .13 .12 .13 .12 .13 .12 .09 .09 .13 .12 .13 137 Cs pCi/l+2s 2 1 0 2 12 5 3 2 4 1 3 3 4 5 2 3 3 -1 7 7 7 18 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 5 7 7 7 140 Ba pCi/l+2s -6 2 3 12 -2 0 -1 -3 2 -7 4 -6 -6 2 "2 -6 2 -3 9 9 9 19 6 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 6 6 9 9 9 131 I pCi/l+2s -1 6 1 6 2 5 3 0 -3 -1 0 5 5 3 0 1 3 2 7 7 7 14 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 5 7 7 7 NS NO SAMPLE S SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 35 ------- TABLE 18 STRONTIUM-90 AND STRONTIUM-S9 IN PASTEURIZED MILK EPA REGIONAL COMPOSITES OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1984 EPA 90Sr 89Sr REGION pCi/1 + 2s pCi/1 + 2s* I 2.1 0.6 1 1 II 2.1 0.7 1 1 III 2.1 0.7 1 1 IV 2.6 0.9 -11 V 2.2 0.6 1 1 VI 2.5 0.7 01 VII 2.4 0.9 02 VIII 1.4 0.6 1 2 IX 0.6 0.8 11 X 1.1 0.7 0 2 SIGMA COUNTING ERROR ANALYTICAL ERROR TERM WHICH CLOSELY APPROXIMATES THE COUNTING ERROR 36 ------- Cajrhoii^14_ in Milk Nine stations, chosen for wide geographical distribution, contribute milk samples for annual analysis for carbon-14. These samples have monitored the carbon-14 levels in the food chain resulting from nuclear testing. Analysis consists of combusting the samples and measuring released carbon dioxide through liquid scintillation. Data will be published as it becomes available. 37 ------- ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION DATA (ERD) is published quarterly (January, April, July, October) by the U. S. Environmenta Protection Agency's Office of Radiation Programs. Requests for information concerning publication and distribution of ERT) should be directed to: Charles M. Petko Technical Support Branch Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility 1890 Federal Drive Montgomery, Alabama 36109 Requests for information concerning the operation of ERAMS should be directed to: Charles R. Phillips, Chief Monitoring and Analytical Services Branch Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility 1890 Federal Drive Montgomery, Alabama 36109 or to: James W. Gunter, Chief Environmental Studies and Statistics Analysis and Support Division (ANR-461) U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Waterside Mall East 401 M Street, SW Washington, DC 20460 *** ------- |