United States Eastern Environmental EPA 520/5-85-022
Environmental Protection Radiation Facility March 1985
Agency 1890 Federal Drive
Montgomery, AL 36109
Radiation
c/EPA
Environmental Radiation
Data
Report 40
October - December 1984
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL
RADIATION
DATA
REPORT 40
October - December 1984
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Radiation Programs
-------
Preface
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is compiled and distributed
quarterly by the Office of Radiation Programs' Eastern Environmental
Radiation Facility (EERF), Montgomery, Alabama, and contains data
from the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS).
Data from similar networks operated by contributing States, Canada,
Mexico, and the Pan American Health Organization are reported in the
ERD when available.
ERAMS was established in 1973 by the U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency's Office of Radiation Programs (ORP). The ERAMS is
comprised of nationwide sampling stations that provide air, surface
and drinking water, and milk samples from which environmental
radiation levels are derived. The major emphasis for ERAMS is toward
identifying trends in the accumulation of long-lived radionuclides in
the environment.
Sampling locations are selected to provide optimal population
coverage while functioning to monitor fallout from nuclear devices
and other forms of radioactive contamination of the environment. The
radiation analyses performed on these samples include gross alpha and
gross beta levels, gamma analyses for fission products, and specific
analyses for uranium, plutonium, strontium, iodine, radium, krypton,
and tritium. This monitoring effort also provides ancillary
information on natural background levels and on releases into the
environment from stationary sources such as nuclear power reactors,
fuel fabrication facilities, and reprocessing plants.
111
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION
DATA
CONTENTS
Page
DATA - Reporting Rationale and Procedures
- Table of Reporting Increments and Minimum
Detectable Levels
vii
IX
DATA - ERAMS
SECTION I. Air Program
1. Airborne Particulates
and Precipitation
2. Plutonium and Uranium in
Airborne Particulates
3. Krypton-85
1
1
14
17
SECTION II. Water Program 18
1. Surface Water 18
2. Drinking Water 21
SECTION III. External Gamma Ambient Monitoring Program 27
-------
SECTION IV- Milk Program 29
1. Pasteurized Milk 29
2. Strontium-89 and -90 in Milk 29
3. Carbon-14 in Hi Ik 37
vi
-------
DATA - Reporting Rationale and Procedures
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Radiation
Programs, in 1973, established the Environmental Radiation Monitoring
System(ERAMS) to provide continuous, accurate, and usable
environmental radiation data to the public. Thus, ERAMS data for all
specific radionuclide analyses are reported as the counting results
indicate, whether the numbers are negative, zero, or positive.
Reporting Rationale
Frequently, concentrations of a radionuclide in environmental
media are close to zero. When the actual concentration of a nuclide
is zero, the net counting results should statistically show a
distribution of negative and positive numbers about zero. This
occurs when the background count is subtracted from a sample which
has only background activity. Prior to July 1975, ERAKS data were
not reported numerically when the results were less than a specified
reporting level or minimum detectable level. The present reporting
procedure allows all the data to be reported and evaluated
statistically without an arbitrary cutoff of small or negative
numbers. This approach will facilitate estimates of bias in the
nuclide analyses and will allow better evaluation of distributions
and trends in environmental data.
When reviewing the data in this report, caution should be
exercised in the interpretation of individual negative values.
Obviously, a negative activity value does not have physical
significance. Such numbers, however, are significant when taken
together with other observations which indicate that the true value
of a distribution is near zero. When an average of several
measurements produces a result less than zero, this indicates a
negative bias in the measurement procedure.
(1) Reported Values
Specific Analyses - All specific radionuclide analyses will
be reported as the counting results indicate, whether the number
is negative, zero, or positive. All reported values are
corrected for decay to the collection date.
VII
-------
Gross Analyses * The actual value of gross radioactivity
measurements will he reported, unless the value is below the
minimum detectable level (HDL) at the 2 sigma confidence level,
then < minimum detectable level will be reported.
HDL is defined as the 3 sigma error of the background. A
tabulation of MDL's is given in the following table.
(2) ReP°rted Error Te_rms
Each reported value for specific analyses will be
accompanied by a counting error term at the 2 sigma (95%)
confidence interval. Potassiurc concentrations are determined by
specific activity analyses. Error terras are therefore reported
as counting errors. At the very low levels characteristic of
most ERAMS measurements, counting error is the greatest
contributor to overall error.
(3) Significant Figures
All reported values will be rounded to no more than three
significant figures. The last significant figure will be
increased by one if the figure following is five or greater,
otherwise it is left unchanged.
(4) Reporting Levels^
The reporting units, smallest increments for reporting, and
minimum detectable levels for each isotope are shown in Table 1.
Smallest increments are sometimes considerably smaller than
minimum detectable amounts to avoid truncation errors in
averaging.
(5) Averages
Averages will be calculated along with appropriate error
terms in an annual summary and analysis of ERAMS data. In
calculating these averages, all values of individual data
including negative numbers will be utilized. Averages will not
be included in ERD quarterly reports.
vm
-------
TABLE 1
ERAMS Reporting Increments and Minimum Detectable Levels
for Radionuclide Analyses
Radionuclide
Gross alpha
Gross beta
Tritium
Carbon-14
Krypton-85
Plutoniuro-238,
239
Uranium-234,
235,238
Radium-226
Media
Water
Air
Water
Precipitation
Water
Milk
Milk
Ambient Air
Air
Milk
Water
Air
Milk
Water
Water
Reporting
Units
pCi/1
pCi/m3
pCi/1
nCi/ni2
nCi/1
nCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/m3
aCi/ci3
pCi/1
pCi/1
aCi/m3
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
Reporting
Increments
1 pCi/1
.01 pCi/in3
1 pCi/1
.01 nCi/m2
.1 nCi/1
.1 nCi/1
1 pCi/1
.1 pCi/in3
.1 aCi/m3
.001 pCi/1
.001 pCi/1
.1 aCi/m3
.001 pCi/1
.001 pCi/1
.1 pCi/1
Minimum
Detectable
Levels
2 pCi/1
.01 pCi/m3
1 pCi/1
.01 nCi/m2(a)
.2 nCi/1
.2 nCi/1
15 pCi/1
2 pCi/m3
.015 pCi(b)
per sample
.015 pCi
per sample
.015 pCi
per sample
015 r>r i ( b )
. vy i. J \J^-f -1. '
per sample
.015 pCi
per sample
.015 pCi
per sample
.1 pCi/1
IX
-------
Radionuclide
Strontium-90
Strontium- 89
lodine-131
Iodine-129
Cesium-137
Barium-140
Potassium
Potassiunj-40
Media
Milk
Water
Milk
Milk
Water
Water
(specific
Milk
Milk
Water
Milk
Water
Milk
Water
Water
Reporting
Units
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
radiocheroical
fCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
g/1
8/1
pCi/1
Reporting
Increments
.1 pCi/1
.1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
.1 pCi/1
analysis )
.1 fCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 g/1
1 8/1
1 pCi/1
Minimum
Detectable
Levels
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
5 pCi/l(O
10 pCi/l(c>
10 pCi/l(c)
.4 pCi/1
.4 fCi/1
10 pCi/1
10 pCi/1
10 pCi/l(c)
10 pCi/l(O
.12 8/1
.12 g/1
100 pCi/1
(a) The value in terms of nCi/m^ would be dependent on precipitation (mm),
(b) Tbis value in terms of pCi/ai3 would be dependent on the air volume.
(c) Activity as of the day of counting.
-------
DATA * EPA
ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION
AMBIENT MONITORING SYSTEM (ERAMS)
SECTION I. Air Program
Airborne Particulates and Precipitation
Cross beta radioactivity measurements and certain specific
analyses are performed on air particulates and precipitation samples
as indicator measurements in assessing the general (national) impact
of all contributing sources on environmental levels of radiation.
Airborne particulates are collected continuously at field
stations representing wide geographic coverage, including present and
potential sources of environmental radioactivity. Sampling sites are
located throughout the United States, Virgin Islands, and the Panama
Canal.
Filters ( 10-cm diameter synthetic fiber ) from air samplers are
changed twice weekly and field measurements are made with a G-M
survey meter at 5 hours and 29 hours after collection to allow for
radon and thoron daughter product decay. Field estimates are
reported to appropriate EPA officials by telephone or rsail depending
on the activity levels found.
The filters are sent to EERF for more sensitive analyses in a
low background beta counter. Gamma scans are performed on all
filters showing laboratory gross beta counts greater than 1
pCi/m^- The lower gross beta values reported for laboratory
measurements are largely due to the decay of radionuclides which
occurred between the times of the field estimates and laboratory
measurements.
Precipitation samples are collected at the field stations where
air filters are collected. These samples are also sent to EERF where
they are composited monthly for tritium, gross beta activity
measurements and gamma scans. Plutonium-238, -239, and uranium-234,
-235, and -238 analyses are performed on samples which exceed 2
pCi/liter gross alpha.
-------
Tables 2 - 4 present the monthly average gross beta
concentrations in airborne particulates for October - December 1984.
Tables 5-7 present the monthly average gross beta
concentration in precipitation October - December 1984.
The tritium in precipitation samples for October - December 1984
at the selected stations are shown in Table 8.
A compilation of individual measurements is available from the
EPA, EERF, Montgomery, AL 36109.
-------
TABLE 2
AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
OCTOBER 1984
LOCATION
# SAM
AL:MONTGOMERY
AR:LITTLE ROCK
CA:BERKELEY
CA:LOS ANGELES
CO:DENVER
CT: HARTFORD
DE:WILMINGTON
FL:JACKSONVILLE
FL:MIAMI
HI:HONOLULU
LA:IOWA CITY
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
KS:TOPEKA
ME .-AUGUSTA
MI:LANSING
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MO:JEFFERSON CITY
MS:JACKSON
NC:CHARLOTTE
NC:WILMINGTON
ND:BISMARCK
NH:CONCORD
NJ:TRENTON
NM:SANTA FE
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY: ALBANY
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
NY:SYRACUSE
NY:YAPHANK
OH:COLUMBUS
OHrPAINESVILLE
OH: TOLEDO
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OR:PORTLAND
5-HR FIELD
ESTIMATE
MAX MIN AVG
(pCi/m3)
EERF LAB
MEASUREMENT
MAX MIN AVG
(pCi/m3)
9
9
8
10
5
9
8
9
9
8
8
9
9
8
6
9
9
9
8
9
9
9
7
9
9
4
3
9
4
9
9
5
9
9
8
8
7
7
3.3
0.2
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.6
0,8
0.2
0.0
0.5
0.3
0.9
0.0
0.3
0.9
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.6
1.4
1.5
0.3
0.1
0.9
0.5
1.1
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.3
0.6
0.7
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.0
1.5
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.0
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.6
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.0
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
o.oi
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
-------
TABLE 2 (CONTINUED)
LOCATION
AIRBORNE PARTICIPATES
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
OCTOBER 1984
5-HR FIELD
ESTIMATE
SAM MAX MIN AVG
(pCi/m3)
EERF LAB
MEASUREMENT
MAX MIN AVG
(pCi/m3)
PArGOLDSBORO
PA:
RI:
SC:
SC:
TN:
TN:
TX:
TX:
VA:
VA:
WA:
WA:
UI:
WV:
HARRISBURG
PROVIDENCE
BARNWELL
COLUMBIA
KNOXVILLE
NASHVILLE
AUSTIN
EL PASO
LYNCHBURG
VIRGINIA BEACH
SEATTLE
SPOKANE
MADISON
CHARLESTON
4
8
5
2
9
10
3
9
9
9
2
9
' 9
9
7
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
.4
.0
.2
.0
.1
.2
.0
.3
.7
.0
.1
.1
.0
.5
.8
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.5
0.1
0.0
0.4
0.6
0.0
0.5
0.5
0.8
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.2
0.4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.01
.02
.01
.02
.06
.03
.03
.04
.02
.02
.01
.01
.03
.01
.03
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
.01
.01
.01
.00
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.00
.01
.00
.00
.00
.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0 ,01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES - .1 pCi/si3
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT - .01 pCi/m3
-------
TABLE 3
AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
NOVEMBER 1984
LOCATION
# SAM
5-HK FIELD
ESTIMATE
MAX MIN AVG
(pCi/m3)
EERF LAB
MEASUREMENT
MAX MIN AVG
(pCi/m3)
AL:ASHFORD
AL: MONTGOMERY
AR:LITTLE ROCK
AZ:TEMPE
CA: BERKELEY
CA:LOS ANGELES
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
DE: WILMINGTON
FL: JACKSONVILLE
FL:MIAMI
HI: HONOLULU
IA.-IOWA CITY
ID: BOISE
ID: IDAHO FALLS
IL: CHICAGO
IN: INDIANAPOLIS
KS:TOPEKA
ME: AUGUSTA
MI : LAN SING
MN: MINNEAPOLIS
MO: JEFFERSON CITY
MS : JACKSON
NC: CHARLOTTE
NC: WILMINGTON
ND: BISMARCK
NH : CONCORD
NJ: TRENTON
NM: SANTA FE
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY: ALBANY
NY: NEW YORK CITY
NY: NIAGARA FALLS
NY: SYRACUSE
NY: YAP HANK
OH: COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OH: TOLEDO
4
9
5
7
9
8
6
9
9
9
9
9
9
7
8
9
6
8
8
9
9
8
9
4
8
9
9
8
3
9
4
9
8
4
8
9
9
9
0
0
0
4
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
m
.
.
*
9
0
7
1
6
0
0
0
5
4
5
1
2
5
6
0
7
6
4
3
2
9
5
4
2
2
9
5
6
7
4
3
2
2
1
1
2
2
5
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.0
1.7
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.01
.01
.01
.03
.01
.01
.06
.01
.02
.01
.01
.01
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.01
.03
.01
.07
.02
.03
.01
.01
.03
.02
.01
.02
.03
.02
.02
.01
.01
.01
.02
.02
.02
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.00
.01
.01
.00
.00
.01
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.01
.00
.00
.01
.01
.00
.00
.00
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.00
.00
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.00
.01
.01
.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
-------
TABLE 3 (CONTINUED)
AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
NOVEMBER 1984
LOCATION7
# SAM
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OR-.PORTLAND
PA:GOLDSBORO
Ri :PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SD:PIERRE
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:NASHVILLE
TX:AUSTIN
TX:EL PASO
VA:LYNCHBURG
WA:SEATTLE
WA:SPOKANE
WI: MADISON
WV:CHARLESTON
5-HR FIELD
ESTIMATE
MAX MIN AVG
(PCi/m3)
EERF LAB
MEASUREMENT
MAX MIN AVG
(pCi/m3)
1
6
3
5
1
8
6
6
3
8
7
8
6
9
8
5
1.2
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.0
1.3
1.3
1.1
1.9
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.0
0.2
0.7
0.9
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.3
0.5
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.5
0.6
0.4
1.1
0.6
0.7
0.4
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES - .1 pCi/m3
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT - .01 pCi/ra3
-------
TABLE 4
AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
DECEMBER 1984
LOCATION
# SAM
5-HR FIELD
ESTIMATE
MAX MIN AVG
(pCi/m3)
EERF LAB
MEASUREMENT
MAX MIN AVG
(pCi/m3)
AL
AL
AR
AZ
CA
CA
CT
DE
FL
FL
HI
IA
ID
ID
IL
KS
ME
MI
MN
MO
MS
NC
NC
ND
Nil
NJ
KM
NV
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
OH
OH
OH
OK
OR
: ASH FORD
: MONTGOMERY
:LITTLE ROCK
rTEMPE
: BERKELEY
:LOS ANGELES
: HARTFORD
:WILMINGTON
rJACKSONVILLE
.MIAMI
: HONOLULU
:IOWA CITY
: BOISE
: IDAHO FALLS
.CHICAGO
rTOPEKA
: AUGUSTA
: LAN SING
rMINNEAPOLIS
:JEFFERSON CITY
: JACK SON
: CHARLOTTE
: WILMINGTON
: BISMARCK
: CONCORD
: TRENTON
: SANTA FE
:LAS VEGAS
: ALBANY
.NEW YORK CITY
: NIAGARA FALLS
: SYRACUSE
: YAP HANK
: COLUMBUS
rPAINESVILLE
: TOLEDO
: OKLAHOMA CITY
: PORTLAND
6
9
7
4
8
8
9
8
7
9
9
8
9
8
7
7
9
8
9
8
8
5
8
8
8
8
2
9
4
9
9
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
0.0
1.5
0.1
2.2
0.2
0.7
0.2
0.9
0.2
0.0
0.2
1.1
0.3
0.0
0.4
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.8
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.3
1.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0
.6
.1
.5
.1
.3
.1
.3
.1
.0
.1
.3
.1
.0
.2
.3
.1
.1
.2
.4
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.0
.1
.1
.3
.5
.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.01
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.01
.03
.02
.01
.01
.03
.04
.03
.02
.01
.02
.02
.03
.03
.02
.02
.02
.02
.01
.01
.02
.02
.02
.02
.01
.02
.02
.02
.02
.03
.03
.02
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.00
.00
.01
.01
.00
.00
.01
.01
.01
.00
.00
.01
.00
.01
.01
.00
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.03
.01
.01
.00
.00
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.00
.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
-------
TABLE 4 (CONTINUED)
LOCATION
AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
DECEMBER 1984
# SAM
PA:GOLDSBORO
PArHARRISBURG
RI: PROVIDENCE
SCcBARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SD:PIERRE
TNrKNOXVILLE
TN:NASHVILLE
TX:AUSTIN
TX:EL PASO
VA:LYNCHBURG
VArVIRGINIA BEACH
WA:SEATTLE
WA:SPOKANE
WI:MADISON
WV:CHARLESTON
5-HR FIELD
ESTIMATE
MAX MIN AVG
(pCi/m3)
EERF LAB
MEASUREMENT
MAX MIN AVG
(pCi/m3)
9
9
3
2
7
8
6
3
8
6
6
1
6
9
7
6
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.9
0.4
0.6
0.0
0.8
0.6
1.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.03
0.04
0.02
0.00
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.01
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES - .1 pCi/m3
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT - .01 pCi/m3
-------
TABLE 5
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION
OCTOBER 1984
LOCATION
AL: MONTGOMERY
AR: LITTLE ROCK
CA: BERKELEY
CO :DENVER
CT: HARTFORD
DC: WASHINGTON
DEtWILMINGTON
FL: JACKSONVILLE
FLrMIAMI
IDrBOISE
ID: IDAHO FALLS
IL: CHICAGO
IN: INDIANAPOLIS
MI :LANSING
MN: MINNEAPOLIS
MS : JACKSON
ND : BI SMARCK
NH: CONCORD
NJ: TRENTON
NY: ALBANY
NY: NEW YORK CITY
NY: NIAGARA FALLS
NY: YAP HANK
OH: COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OH: TOLEDO
OR .'PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC: COLUMBIA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN: NASHVILLE
TX: AUSTIN
TX:EL PASO
VA:LYNCHBURG
VA: VIRGINIA BEACH
WA: SEATTLE
WI: MAD I SON
DEPTH
(ram)
158.8
70.8
49.1
49.8
50.8
50.0
100.0
107.3
81.2
33.0
12.5
52.2
10.0
109.0
133.9
45.0
8.9
150.8
64.6
62.9
40.0
5.4
87.5
109.1
48.8
38.8
186.3
30.8
85.0
15.0
27.5
102.5
25.0
60.0
16.0
45.0
35.0
37.5
131.0
ACT.
± 2s
(nCi/tn2)
0.12
0.05
0.03
0.05
0.17
0.04
0.22
0.05
0.08
0.09
0.03
0.01
0.00
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.31
0.22
0.10
0.05
0.01
0.14
0.08
0.10
0.04
0.24
0.06
0.23
0.02
0.12
0.15
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.18
0.12
0.00
0.38
0.07
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.05
0.06
0.02
0.00
0.08
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.00
0.04
0.06
0.03
0.02
0.09
0.02
0.05
0.01
0.02
0.05
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.09
ND NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE
s SIGMA COUNTING
ERROR
SPECIFIC
GAMMA ACT.
(pCi/1)
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
-------
TABLE 6
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION
NOVEMBER 1984
LOCATION
AL: MONTGOMERY
AR: LITTLE ROCK
CA: BERKELEY
CT: HARTFORD
DC: WASHINGTON
DE: WILMINGTON
FL: JACKSONVILLE
FL:MIAMI
IDrBOISE
ID: IDAHO FALLS
11, : CHIC AGO
MI: LANSING
MN: MINNEAPOLIS
MS : JACKSON
ND : BI SMARCK
NU: CONCORD
NJ: TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY: ALBANY
NY: NEW YORK CITY
NY: NIAGARA FALLS
NY: YAP HANK
OH: COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OH: TOLEDO
OR: PORTLAND
PA: HARRIS BURG
RI: PROVIDENCE
SCrBARNWELL
SC: COLUMBIA
TNrKNOXVILLE
TN: NASHVILLE
TX: AUSTIN
VA:LYNCHBURG
VA: VIRGINIA BEACH
WA: SEATTLE
WI: MAD I SON
DEPTH
(ram)
35.0
37.9
178.1
23.1
32.3
33.8
93.7
95.0
89.5
34.0
74.6
78.0
7.7
42.8
20.5
69.5
59.7
25.0
20.0
32.7
61.8
32.5
107.3
133.1
63.1
229.8
194.0
50.0
3.7
63.3
20.0
23.6
25.0
80.5
15.0
162.6
120.8
ACT.
+ 2s
(nCi/m2)
0.05
0.06
0.17
0.03
0.01
0.03
0.05
0.14
0.12
0.04
0.08
0.07
0.08
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.09
0.04
0.03
0.05
0.03
0.01
0.06
0.15
0.11
0.35
0.27
0.04
0.01
0.08
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.34
0.02
0.11
0.08
0.02
0.02
0.08
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.01
0.04
0.03
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.04
0.06
0.03
0.12
0.09
0.02
0.00
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.06
0.01
0.08
0.06
SPECIFIC
GAMMA ACT.
(pCi/1)
NU
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE
s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
10
-------
TABLE 7
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION
DECEMBER 1984
LOCATION
DEPTH ACT. + 2s
(ram) (nCi/ia2)
AL: MONTGOMERY
AR: LITTLE ROCK
CA: BERKELEY
CT: HARTFORD
FL: JACKSONVILLE
FL:MIAMI
ID: BOISE
ID: IDAHO FALLS
IL: CHICAGO
MI: LAN SING
MN: MINNEAPOLIS
MS: JACK SON
ND : BI SMARCK
NJ: TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY: ALBANY
NY: NEW YORK CITY
NY: NIAGARA FALLS
NY:YAPHANK
OH: COLUMBUS
0!I:PAINESVILLE
OH: TOLEDO
OR: PORTLAND
RI : PROVIDENCE
SCrBARNWELL
SC: COLUMBIA
TN: NASHVILLE
TX: AUSTIN
VA:LYNCHBURG
VArVIRGINIA BEACH
WA : SEATTLE
WI: MAD I SON
100.0
35.4
86.4
59.8
6.9
18.7
32.5
48.0
76.3
100.4
45.3
21.9
4.7
68.7
10.0
56.2
50.6
90.3
51.3
93.7
83.8
28.8
65.6
60.0
18.7
10.0
42.3
27.5
70.8
41.5
100.0
17.3
0.10
0.06
0.15
0.22
0.01
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.26
0.17
0.45
0.03
0.01
0.14
0.02
0.08
0.07
0.10
0.09
0.20
0.30
0.05
0.14
0.10
0.03
0.02
0.15
0.04
0.42
0.06
0.23
0.03
0.05
0.02
0.05
0.04
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.01
0.00
0.04
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.04
0.03
0.05
0.06
0.02
0.04
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.05
0.02
0.06
0.01
SPECIFIC
GAMMA ACT.
(pCi/1)
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE
s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
11
-------
TABLE 8
PRECIPITATION
TRITIUM CONCENTRATION
OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1984
LOCATION
AL:MONTGOMERY
AR:LITTLE ROCK
CA:BERKELEY
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
DC:WAS1IINGTON
DE: WILMINGTON
FL:JACKSONVILLE
FL:MIAMI
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
INrlNDIANAPOLIS
MIrLANSING
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MS : JACKSON
ND:BISMARCK
NH:CONCORD
NJ:TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:ALBANY
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
NY:YAPHANK
OH:COLUMBUS
01I:PAINESVILLE
OH: TOLEDO
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC: COLUMBIA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:NASHVILLE
OCTOBER
NOVEMBER
nCi/1 + 2s nCi/1 + 2s
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1
3
3
3
2
2
1
1
1
2
3
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
NS
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
0.
0.
0.
3
2
2
1
2
2
2
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
0.
0.
0.
NS
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
NS
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2
4
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
3
2
2
2
2
1
3
5
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
0.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
0.
0.
0.
NS
0.
NS
KS
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2
2
2
2
1
2
3
3
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
NS
0.
0.
0.
0.
2
1
2
1
0
0
0
0
.2
.2
.2
.2
NS
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
NS
0.
2.
0.
1
3
2
0
0
0
.2
.2
.2
NS
0.
2
0
.2
12
-------
TABLE 8 (CONTINUED)
PRECIPITATION
TRITIUM CONCENTRATION
OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1984
OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER
LOCATION nCi/1 + 2s nCi/1 + 2s nCi/1 + 2s
TX:AUSTIN 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2
TX:EL PASO 0.3 0.2 NS NS
VA:LYNCHBURG 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
VArVIRGINIA BEACH 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2
WA:SEATTLE 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0,2
WI:MADISON 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2
NS NO SAMPLE
s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
13
-------
Plutonium arid Uranium i_n Airborne Particulates
Environmental radiation levels of plutonium and uranium are
determined by the analyses of quarterly composite samples (air
filters) collected from the 67 continuously operating airborne
particulate samplers.
Analyses of the composited filters consist of ashing, separating
by liquid ion exchange, and coprecipitation of the plutonium or
uranium.
Concentration of the specific isotopes of plutonium-238, -239,
and uranium-234, -235, and -238 are determined by alpha spectroscopy.
The volume of air passing througli the filters normally ranges from
25,000 to 40,000 m^ for each quarterly composite.
Plutonium and uranium in airborne particulates data for October
- December 1933 are shown in Table 9.
14
-------
TABLE 9
PLUTONIUM AND URANIUM IN AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1983 COMPOSITES
238
Pu
239
Pu
234,
235
U
238,
LOCATION
AL: MONTGOMERY
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CA:LOS ANGELES
CT:HARTFORD
DE: WILMINGTON
FL:JACKSONVILLE
FL:MIAMI
HI:HONOLULU
IA:IOWA CITY
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
ME:AUGUSTA
111: LANSING
MO:JEFFERSON CITY
MS:JACKSON
ND:BISMARCK
NH:CONCORD
NJ:TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY .-ALBANY
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
NY .'SYRACUSE
OH .'COLUMBUS
OlkPAINESVILLE
Oil: TOLEDO
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRIS BURG
PA:PITTSBURGH
RI: PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SD:PIERRE
TNrKNOXVILLE
TN:NASHVILLE
TX:AUSTIN
aCi/m3+ 2s aCi/m3+ 2s
1.2
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.6
-0.1
-0.4
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.8
0.4
-0.1
0.3
1.4
0.0
-0.1
-1.1
1.6
0.2
0.3
0.3
1.0
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.8
0.3
0.8
0.6
0.2
0.0
0.4
2.3
0.8
1.0
0.5
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.6
0.5
0.3
1.4
0.5
0.4
0.2
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.6
1.0
0.3
0.5
1.0
1.1
0.3
0.6
0.4
0.7
0.3
0.0
0.4
0.3
0.8
0.8
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.6
0.3
1.5
0.8
0.6
1.2
0.3
0.7
0.1
0.4
0.5
0.7
1.1
4.5
1.0
0.5
3.0
0.6
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.8
0.3
0.9
0.6
1.0
0.7
0.5
0.0
0.2
2.8
1.8
0.9
1.2
1.7
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.9
0.4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.7
.7
.4
.5
.2
.4
.6
.5
.6
.9
.0
.4
.1
.8
.2
.9
.5
.6
.3
.5
.8
.9
.5
.5
.3
.3
.2
.8
.6
.7
.8
.5
.3
.4
.4
.5
.5
.8
.5
aCi/m3+ 2s
22
22
6
15
9
9
9
8
7
15
20
20
21
32
16
35
18
11
18
8
12
118
27
34
24
11
39
11
26
10
19
39
10
23
23
10
26
29
11
.2
.1
.4
.1
.0
.2
.2
.4
.5
.1
.1
.3
.4
.3
.1
.0
.2
.6
.6
.8
.0
.8
.1
.6
.8
.3
.0
.9
.7
.7
.9
.0
.0
.9
.3
.1
.4
.5
.1
4.7
6.2
1.6
3.6
1.6
1.9
2.1
1.8
1.8
2.4
4.1
3.1
4.4
5.1
2.4
6.4
3.4
2.9
3.7
1.6
3.4
19.1
3.9
6.3
3.5
2.4
9.9
1.8
4.1
2.2
3.6
9.1
1.8
6.1
4.1
2.7
6.7
5.7
2.9
aCi/sn3+ 2s
2.7
1.1
0.3
2.0
0.3
0.4
0.9
0.8
0.5
0.6
0.9
0.6
2.1
1.2
0.7
1.8
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.8
0.9
1.1
1.4
0.9
1.7
0.7
1.1
0.5
1.7
0.6
1.9
1.9
0.6
0.6
1.6
0.2
3.3
1.3
0.6
1.5
1.5
0.4
1.1
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.9
0.4
1.1
0.8
0.4
1.2
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.4
1.0
1.3
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.5
1.0
0.3
0.8
0.4
0.9
2.0
0.4
1.0
0.9
0.5
1.9
1.0
0.6
aCi/m3+ 2s
20.9
12.8
6.7
21.6
9.3
7.0
11.4
10.8
5.2
15.4
21.4
17.6
16.1
23.7
18.2
28.7
11.3
8.3
14.8
8.5
12.5
81.1
23.8
19.4
25.6
8.2
38.7
10.1
19.1
12.2
16.1
32.4
9.5
10.6
27.2
13.9
19.2
23.0
10.9
4.6
4.4
1.6
4.6
1.6
1.6
2.4
2.1
1.5
2.5
4.3
2.8
3.6
4.2
2.7
5.6
2.6
2.4
3.2
1.6
3.5
14.4
3.5
4.2
3.6
2.0
10.4
1.6
3.2
2.4
3.1
8.1
1.8
3.6
4.5
3.3
5.4
4.2
2.9
15
-------
TABLE 9 (CONTINUED)
PLUTONIUM AND URANIUM IN AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1983 COMPOSITES
238pu 239PU 234u 235u 238
LOCATION aCi/m3+ 2s aCi/ra3+ 2s aCi/m3+ 2s aCi/m3+ 2s aCi/m3+ 2s
TX:EL PASO 0.6 0.6 1.4 1.0 54.3 13.8 2.7 2.5 40.5 11.3
UTtSALT LAKE CITY 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.3 19.5 5.2 0.5 0.6 14.0 4.2
VA:LYNCHBURG 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.6 417.4 43.7 11.1 2.2 20.0 3,3
VArVIRGINIA BEACH 1.5 0.8 1.5 0.8 15.4 3.1 1.4 0.8 14.2 2.9
WA:SEATTLE 0.7 o'.5 0.4 0.4 4.0 1.0 1.2 0.5 5.7 1.3
WA:SPOKANE -0.1 0.5 0.9 0.5 38.2 8.5 1.0 1.0 20.7 5,5
WI:MADISON 0.3 0.3 1.9 0.8 4.1 1.2 0.6 0.4 3.9 1.1
WVrCHARLESTON 2.4 1.1 0.2 0.5 17.2 3.2 0.5 0.5 19.0 3.4
SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
16
-------
Krypton-85
Krypton-85 is a long-lived noble gas with a half life of 10.8
years. It is released into the atmosphere by nuclear reactor
operations, fuel fabrication, fuel reprocessing, and nuclear
detonations. Krypton-85 also occurs naturally in minor quantities
primarily from the neutron capture of stable krypton-84 as well as
spontaneous fission and neutron-induced fission of uranium.
Monitoring of krypton-85 in the atmosphere has been conducted to
identify and establish baseline levels and long-term trends.
Krypton-85 analysis began in January 1973 with sample
collections and analyses being performed for 12 sampling locations.
These locations were selected to provide atmospheric coverage of the
United States with considerations being given to the proximity to
fuel reprocessing plants, nuclear reactors, and wide geographic
coverage.
Dry compressed air samples, collected at each location, are
purchased from commercial air suppliers annually and shipped to the
EERF where the krypton-85 is cryogenically separated and counted in a
liquid scintillation system.
The Kr-85 results will be published when they are available.
17
-------
DATA * EPA
ERAMS
SECTION II. Water Program
The ERAMS water program provides ambient radiation data to
assess the effects of nuclear fallout, the natural radiation
environment, and other nuclear sources on the nation's rivers,
streams and drinking water supplies.
Surface Water
Grab samples are taken quarterly at 58 stations located
downstream from operating or future nuclear facilities.
Surface water monitoring consists of tritium analyses quarterly
and gamma scans annually. Tritium is the primary radioactive
pollutant from nuclear power plants.
Tritium concentrations are determined by liquid scintillation
counting of distilled samples. Gamma scans are performed annually to
determine if there is a buildup of other contaminants.
Tritium concentrations for surface water samples for October
December 1984 are given in Table 10.
18
-------
TABLE 10
SURFACE WATER
TRITIUM CONCENTRATION
OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1984
LOCATION
AL;DECATUR
ALrGORDAN
AL:SCOTTSBORO
AR:LITTLE ROCK
CA:DIABLO CANYON
CA:EUREKA
CA:SAN ONOFRE
COrCREELEY
CT:EAST HADDAM
CTiWATERFORD
FL:CRYSTAL RIVER
FL:FT. PIERCE
FL:HOMESTEAD
IA:CEDAR RAPIDS
ID:BUHL
IL:MOLINE
IL: MORRIS
IL:ZION
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:PLYMOUTH
MD:C.ONOWINGO
MD:LUSBY
ME:WISCASSET
MI:CHARLEVOIX
MI:MONROE
MI:SOUTH HAVEN
MN:MONTICELLO
MNrRED WING
MS:PORT GIBSON
NC:CHARLOTTE
NC:SOUTHPORT
NJrBAYSIDE
NJ:OYSTER CREEK
NV:BOULDER CITY
NY:OSSINING
NYrOSWEGO
NY:POUGHKEEPSIE
OH:TOLEDO
PA:DANVILLE
SOURCE
TENNESSEE RIVER
CHATTAHOOCHEE R.
TENNESSEE RIVER
ARKANSAS RIVER
PACIFIC OCEAN
HUMBOLDT BAY
PACIFIC OCEAN
SOUTH PLATTE RIVER
CONNECTICUT RIVER
LONG ISLAND SOUND
GULF OF MEXICO
ATLANTIC OCEAN
BISCAYNE BAY
CEDAR RIVER
SNAKE RIVER
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
ILLINOIS RIVER
LAKE MICHIGAN
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
CAPE CODE BAY
SUSQUEHANNA RIVER
CHESAPEAKE BAY
MONTSEWAY BAY
LAKE MICHIGAN
LAKE ERIE
LAKE MICHIGAN
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
CATAWBA RIVER
ATLANTIC OCEAN
DELAWARE RIVER
OYSTER CREEK
COLORADO RIVER
HUDSON RIVER
LAKE ONTARIO
HUDSON RIVER
LAKE ERIE
SUSQUEHANNA RIVER
DATE
COLLECTED
10/ 4/84
10/18/84
10/ 2/84
10/ 2/84
10/ 3/84
10/ 4/84
11/27/84
10/ 9/84
III 1/84
ll/ 6/84
10/ 8/84
10/ 9/84
ll/ 7/84
10/ 9/84
10/15/84
11/15/84
10/13/84
10/ 3/84
10/11/84
10/10/84
10/ 9/84
10/ 9/84
10/16/84
10/ 6/84
10/ 7/84
10/ 1/84
ll/ 5/84
10/11/84
10/18/84
10/ 8/84
10/ 3/84
11/15/84
11/13/84
10/12/84
10/ 4/84
10/31/84
10/ 3/84
10/ 2/84
10/ 3/84
nCi/1
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
± 2s
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
19
-------
TABLE 10 (CONTINUED)
SURFACE WATER
TRITIUM CONCENTRATION
OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1984
LOCATION
SC:ALLENUALE
SC:BROAD RIVER
SCrllARTSVILLE
TN:DAISY
TN:KINGSTON
TX:EL PASO
VArDOSWELL
WA:NORTHPORT
WA:RICHLAND
WI:TWO CREEKS
WI: VICTORY
WV:WHEELING
SOURCE
SAVANNAH RIVER
BROAD RIVER
LAKE ROBINSON
TENNESSEE RIVER
CLINCH RIVER
RIO GRANDE
NORTH ANNA RIVER
COLUMBIA RIVER
COLUMBIA RIVER
LAKE MICHIGAN
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
OHIO RIVER
DATE
COLLECTED
10/11/84
10/10/84
10/ 8/84
11/20/84
10/ 3/84
10/10/84
10/ 5/84
11/13/84
10/ 7/84
11/12/84
10/ 9/84
10/ 3/84
nCi/1
3.1
0.2
0.
0.
0.
.5
.5
.3
0.3
1.4
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.2
± 2s
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
SIGKA COUNTING ERROR
20
-------
Drinking Water
The drinking water program provides ambient radiation monitoring
relevant to the effects of the nuclear power industry, natural
environmental levels, and other pertinent sources. These data serve
to assess trends and anomalies in concentrations, and to compare with
standards set forth in the EPA "National Interim Primary Drinking
Water Regulations." These regulations provide for approval of
supplies when the combined radium-226 and radium-228 levels do not
exceed 5 pCi/1, when the gross alpha (excluding radon and uranium)
levels do not exceed 15 pCi/1, when tritium levels do not exceed
20,000 pCi/1, when the strontium-90 levels do not exceed 8 pCi/1, and
when the gross beta levels do not exceed 50 pCi/1.
Grab samples are taken at 78 sites which are either major
population centers or selected nuclear facility environs.
The analyses include (a) tritium on a quarterly basis; (b)
gross alpha, gross beta, strontium-90, and gamma on annual
composites; (c) radium-226 if the gross alpha exceeds 2 pCi/1 and
radium-228 if the radium-226 falls between 3 and 5 pCi/1; (d)
specific iodine-131 on one quarterly sample per year for each
station; and (e) an annual composite for plutonium-238 and -239 and
uranium-234, -235, and -238 for stations that demonstrate gross alpha
levels greater than 2 pCi/1.
Tritium analyses are performed by scintillation counting of the
distilled samples, gross beta, and gross alpha by evaporating an
aliquot on stainless steel planchets for counting, and radium*-226 by
the standard emanation technique. Strontium-90 is determined by beta
counting a strontium carbonate precipitate isolated by ion exchange.
The results of tritium in drinking water analyses for October
December 1984 are shown in Table 11.
Plutonium and uranium analyses are similar to procedures given
for air particulate samples. Analyses were altered to coincide with
revised EPA standards. The results for 1983 composite samples are
shown in Table 12.
Iodine-131 concentration in drinking water for 1984 is shown in
Table 13.
All samples were taken as either a single grab sample or
composite samples taken over 12 to 14 days.
21
-------
TABLE 11
DRINKING WATER
TRITIUM CONCENTRATION
OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1984
LOCATION
AK:FAIRBANKS
AL:DOTHAN
AL:MONTGOMERY
AL:MUSCLE SHOALS
ALrSCOTTSBORO
AR:LITTLE ROCK
CA:BERKELEY
CA:LOS ANGELES
CO:DENVER
CO:PLATTEVILLE
CT: HARTFORD
DC:WASHINGTON
DE:DOVER
FL:MIAMI
FLrTAMPA
GA:SAVANNAH
HI: HONOLULU
IA:CEDAR RAPIDS
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:MORRIS
IL:W. CHICAGO
KS :TOPEKA
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:LAWRENCE
MD:BALTIMORE
MD:CONOWINGO
ME:AUGUSTA
MI:DETROIT
MI:GRAND RAPIDS
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MN:RED WING
MS : JACKSON
MS:PORT GIBSON
NC:CHARLOTTE
NC:WILMINGTON
ND:BISMARCK
KErLINCOLN
DATE
COLLECTED
10/12/84
10/17/84
10/ 5/84
10/ 3/84
10/ 2/84
10/ 2/84
10/10/84
10/10/84
10/30/84
10/24/84
10/ 4/84
10/ 5/84
10/ 9/84
10/ 1/84
10/23/84
10/15/84
10/22/84
10/ 8/84
11/27/84
10/15/84
10/ 1/84
10/ 1/84
10/ 1/84
10/30/84
10/ 3/84
10/ 4/84
10/ 9/84
10/ 1/84
10/ 8/84
10/17/84
10/12/84
10/11/84
10/ 4/84
10/ 9/84
10/ 8/84
10/ 2/84
10/ 8/84
10/ 9/84
nCi/1
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
3.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
± 2s
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
22
-------
TABLE 11 (CONTINUED)
DRINKING WATER
TRITIUM CONCENTRATION
OCTOBER * DECEMBER 1984
LOCATION
NH: CONCORD
NJ:TRENTON
NJ:WARETOWN
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:ALBANY
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
NY:SYRACUSE
OH CINCINNATI
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:EAST LIVERPOOL
OH:PAINESVILLE
OH:TOLEDO
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OR ^PORTLAND
PA^COLUMBIA
PA:HARRISBURG
PA .-PITTSBURGH
PC:ANCON
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SC:HARTSVILLE
SC:JENKINSVILLE
SC: SENECA
TN: CHATTANOOGA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TX:AUSTIN
VA:DOSWELL
VA :LYNCHBURG
VA VIRGINIA BEACH
VI:ST. THOMAS
WA:RICHLAND
WA:SEATTLE
WI:GENOA CITY
WI:MADISON
DATE
COLLECTED
10/ 2/84
10/23/84
11/13/84
10/ 4/84
10/ 5/84
10/ 4/84
10/ 2/84
10/29/84
10/ 1/84
10/ 5/84
10/10/84
10/26/84
10/ 2/84
10/ 3/84
10/ 3/84
10/ 4/84
10/ 3/84
10/10/84
10/29/84
10/12/84
ll/ 1/84
10/ 2/84
10/ 8/84
10/12/84
10/17/84
10/11/84
10/ 4/84
10/ 3/84
10/30/84
10/ 5/84
10/12/84
10/17/84
10/ 7/84
10/ 5/84
10/ 9/84
10/11/84
nCi
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0,
0.
0.
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
0
0
0
0.2
SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
23
-------
TABLE 12
PLUTONIUM AND URANIUM ANALYSES
OF
SELECTED DRINKING WATER COMPOSITE SAMPLES
LOCATION
CA:LOS ANGELES
CO : DENVER
C():PLATTEVILLE
ID: IDAHO FALLS
IL:MORRIS
IL:W. CHICAGO
KS:TOPEKA
MN:RED WING
MS: PORT GIBSON
ND: BISMARCK
NF:LINCOLN
NV:LAS VEGAS
OH: COLUMBUS
SC:JENKINSVILLE
TN:KNOXVILLE
238
pCI/1
0.024
0.017
0.006
0.013
0.021
0.014
0.014
0.005
0.003
0.002
0.027
.000
0.005
0.067
0.009
Pu
± 2s
0.015
0.013
0.010
0.013
0.016
0.011
0.010
0.006
0.005
0.004
0.057
0.005
0.006
0.063
0.006
-0
-0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-0
0
0
0
0
239
pCi/1
.002
.007
.003
.002
.003
.001
.000
.002
.000
.001
.001
.007
.000
.053
.003
1983
Pu
± 2s
0.008
0.010
0.007
0.007
0.005
0.007
0.007
0.003
0.000
0.002
0.017
0.009
0.000
0.059
0.006
234
pCi/1
4.112
0.913
6.824
0.703
0.504
1.498
0.406
0.303
0.123
0.101
3.357
2.172
0.043
36.880
0.073
U
+ 2s
0.619
0.122
0.688
0.110
0.083
0.172
0.055
0.043
0.025
0.024
0.463
0.249
0.015
3.841
0.019
235
pCl/1
0.304
0.019
0.569
0.027
0.110
0.020
0.021
0.006
0.006
0.010
0.204
0.125
0.006
0.486
0.002
U
+ 2s
0.095
0.010
0.092
0.020
0.033
0.013
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.008
0.077
0.036
0.006
0.136
0.003
238
pCi/1
3.755
0.609
5.231
0.209
0.133
0.103
0.362
0.020
0.048
0.097
2.849
1.641
0.028
8.524
0.043
U
± 2s
0.572
0.088
0.539
0.051
0.038
0.030
0.051
0.009
0.015
0.023
0.408
0.198
0.012
1.003
0.014
THE MINIMUM DETECTABLE LEVEL IS .015 pCi/SAMPLE, FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL ISOTOPE.
s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
24
-------
TABLE 13
IODINE-131 IN DRINKING WATER
1984
LOCATION
AK:FAIRBANKS
AL:DOTI1AN
AL:MONTGOMERY
AL:MUSCLE SHOALS
ALrSCOTTSBORO
ARrLITTLE ROCK
CA: BERKELEY
CArLOS ANGELES
CO: DENVER
COrPLATTEVILLE
CT:HARTFORD
DC:WASHINGTON
DE:DOVER
FL:MIAMI
FL:TAMPA
GA: SAVANNAH
II I: HONOLULU
IA:CEDAR RAPIDS
ID:BOISE
II): IDAHO FALLS
IL:MORRIS
IL:W. CHICAGO
KS :TOPEKA
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:LAWRENCE
MA:ROWE
MD:BALTIMORE
MD:CONOWINGO
ME:AUGUSTA
MI:DETROIT
MI:GRAND RAPIDS
MN ^MINNEAPOLIS
MN:RED WING
MS:JACKSON
MS:PORT GIBSON
MT:HELENA
NC:CHARLOTTE
NC:WILMINGTON
ND:BISMARCK
NE: LINCOLN
DATE
COLLECTED
4/12/84
4/ 6/84
1/10/84
I/ 5/84
I/ 4/84
11 3/84
10/10/84
11 5/84
4/17/84
4/17/84
4/ 5/84
10/ 5/84
I/ 3/84
I/ 3/84
7/16/84
1/10/84
4/18/84
10/ 8/84
5/ 2/84
4/20/84
I/ 4/84
I/ 5/84
I/ 4/84
4/27/84
I/ 4/84
4/24/84
I/ 3/84
1/10/84
11 4/84
I/ 9/84
7/17/84
I/ 3/84
4/10/84
4/ 3/84
1/10/84
I/ 3/84
7/ 9/84
I/ 5/84
I/ 4/84
4/27/84
pCi/1
-0.1
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.1
-1.9
0.1
-0.1
-0.1
0.0
-0.2
0.1
-0.1
0.0
o.o
0.2
0.0
0.1
-0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
+ 2s
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
25
-------
TABLE 13 (CONTINUED)
IODINE-131 IN DRINKING WATER
1984
LOCATION
NH:CONCORD
NJ:TRENTON
NJ:WARETOWN
NVrLAS VEGAS
NY:ALBANY
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
NY:SYRACUSE
Oil: CINCINNATI
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:EAST LIVERPOOL
OH GAINESVILLE
OH :TOLEDO
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
ORrPORTLAND
PA: COLUMBIA
DATE
COLLECTED
4/ 6/84
6/27/84
6/26/84
11 3/84
1/11/84
4/ 5/84
I/ 5/84
1/10/84
I/ 3/84
1/10/84
4/11/84
1/10/84
I/ 4/84
4/ 6/84
I/ 4/84
4/12/84
pCi/1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.6
-0.1
0.1
0.2
-0.2
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.1
-0.1
± 2s
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
26
-------
SECTION III. External Gamma Ambient Monitoring Program
The external gamma monitoring program, which began in October
1978, provides a continuous measurement of ambient gamma exposure
rates, including cosmic, at selected sites throughout the continental
United States. Data from this program are used to evaluate
fluctuations in natural background due to variations in environmental
conditions and to provide a means of monitoring any significant
increases in ambient gamma levels due to weapons fallout, reactor
operations, etc. The program consists of approximately 22 sites
representing a wide geographic coverage throughout the country.*
Although exposure measurements at these few sites are not totally
representative of nationwide exposures, they will be indicative of
national trends.
The monitoring program utilizes CaF2:Nn thermoluminescent
dosimeters(TLD's). These dosimeters are commercially available
glass-bulb type dosimeters with energy compensating shields. A group
of three TLD's is located at each station or site. Dosimeters are
annealed by the station operator prior to positioning in the field.
The dosimeters are returned to EERF for readout on an approximate
one-month cycle.** Several dosimeters are annealed by the station
operator as controls and returned with the exposed field dosimeters
to correct for any exposures accumulated during shipment.
Results from the period October - December 1984 are shown in
Table 14.
* Some of these sites may not return dosimeters each period and
consequently the number of sites listed may vary slightly.
** Starting October, 1984, this program will change to a
quarterly cycle.
27
-------
TABLE 14
OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1984
ENVIRONMENTAL GAMMA AMBIENT MONITORING PROGRAM
INTEGRATED EXPOSURE
LOCATION DATE RANGE EXPOSURE RATE
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CO: DENVER
FL:ORLANDO
ID:BOISE
IL:CHICAGO
ND: El SMARCK.
NJ:TRENTON
KM:SANTA FE
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:NEW YORK
OH:COLUMBUS
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OR:PORTLAND
PArllARRISBURG
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
TN:KNOXVILLE
VA: RICHMOND
VT:MONTPELIER
MR
100184-
100384-
100284-
100184-
101684-
101884-
100384-
101984-
100484-
100384-
101784-
100184-
101084-
100284-
100184-
101084-
101984-
100284-
100484-
100484-
101184-
10785
10385
10885
10285
11085
10285
10285
10385
10485
10785
12585
10285
11585
11685
10385
10985
10385
10285
10485
10485
11085
19.5
13.1
39.9
11.7
25.7
12.9
22.5
21.8
31.9
19.2
19.2
20.0
20.7
24.2
13.6
25.0
14.6
18.5
21.5
19.7
19.2
MICRO R/HR + 2 s *
8.3
5.9
17.0
5.3
12.5
7.0
10.3
12.0
14.4
8.3
8.0
8.9
8.9
9.5
6.0
11.5
8.0
8.4
9.8
8.9
8.8
7.4
6.3
2.9
8.5
4.1
6.9
5.2
4.7
14.4
5.9
7.2
7.7
4.5
4.1
7.7
7.9
6.6
9.3
7.8
6.3
2.7
* s = SIGMA ERROR (IN PERCENT)
28
-------
SECTION IV. Milk Program
Pasteurized Milk
This is a cooperative program of the EPA, ORP and the Dairy and
Lipid Products Branch, Milk Sanitation Section, Food and Drug
Administration. Milk is a reliable indicator of the general
population's intake of radionuclides since it is consumed hy a large
segment of the population and contains several of the biologically
important contaminants resulting from environmental releases from
nuclear activities. A primary function of this program is to obtain
reliable monitoring data relative to current radionuclide
concentrations and determine any long-term trends.
Monthly samples are collected at 65 sampling sites with one or
more located in each state, Puerto Rico, and the Panama Canal. These
are composite samples representing more than 80 percent of the milk
consumed in a given population center.
These samples are analyzed for iodine-131, barium-140,
cesitiro-137, and potassium. All 65 samples are analyzed annually in
July for strontium-89, and strontium-90. Also, for the first month
of the three quarters beginning January, April and October, 10
regional composite samples of milk made up from the states within
each of EPA's 10 regions are analyzed for strontium-89 and
strontium-90.
Iodine-131, barium-140, cesium-137 and potassium are determined
by gamma spectral analysis. Strontium-89 and strontium-90 are
determined by beta counting a total strontium precipitate which has
been chemically separated by ion-exchange.
The values from the pasteurized milk samples for October
December 1984 are shown in Tables 15-17.
Strontium values from regional composite samples collected
October - December 1984 are shown in Table 18.
29
-------
TABLE 15
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
OCTOBER 1984
LOCATION
AL:MONTGOMERY
AR:LITTLE ROCK
AZ:PHOENIX
CArLOS ANGELES
CA:SACRAMENTO
CA:SAN FRANCISCO
CT:HARTFORD
FL:TAMPA
GA:ATLANTA
IA.-DES MOINES
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
IK:INDIANAPOLIS
KS:WICHITA
KY:LOUISVILLE
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:BOSTON
MD:BALTIMORE
ME:PORTLAND
MI rDETROIT
Ml:GRAND RAPIDS
MN: MINNEAPOLIS
MN:ST. PAUL
MO:KANSAS CITY
MO:ST. LOUIS
MS:JACKSON
MT: HELENA
NC:CHARLOTTE
ND:MINOT
NE:OMAHA
NH:CONCORD
NJ:TRENTON
KV:LAS VEGAS
NY:BUFFALO
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:SYRACUSE
OH:CINCINNATI
OH:CLEVELAND
DATE
COLLECTED
10/ 4/84
10/ 8/84
10/11/84
10/22/84
10/ 4/84
10/ 4/84
10/ 1/84
10/ 8/84
10/ 1/84
10/ 2/84
10/18/84
10/ 1/84
10/ 9/84
10/ 8/84
10/ 2/84
10/10/84
10/ 2/84
10/ 5/84
10/ 9/84
10/11/84
10/ 8/84
10/ 1/84
10/ 2/84
10/11/84
10/ 3/84
10/ 8/84
10/16/84
10/ 8/84
10/29/84
10/ 5/84
10/ 1/84
10/ 3/84
10/ 8/84
10/ 9/84
10/ 1/84
10/ 1/84
10/ 1/84
10/ 8/84
K
g/l±2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.58
.56
.50
.55
.53
.50
.55
.46
.53
.58
.53
.49
.49
.60
.56
.54
.59
.52
.59
.60
.56
.62
.51
.48
.49
.54
.41
.72
.64
.56
.53
.50
.56
.50
.48
.60
.52
.54
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
s
.13
.13
.09
.13
.13
.12
.13
.12
.13
.13
.09
.12
.12
.13
.13
.13
.13
.13
.09
.13
.09
.24
.13
.08
.12
.13
.12
.24
.13
.13
.13
.12
.13
.08
.12
.13
.13
.13
137
Cs
pCi/l+2s
2
4
-1
-2
-2
2
6
11
3
4
0
6
1
2
0
5
7
4
2
0
5
-3
2
4
0
4
2
5
-3
-3
2
2
2
4
0
5
2
1
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
5
18
7
5
7
7
7
18
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
140
'Ba
pCi/l+2s
-4
2
-2
-1
2
-5
-9
-3
-4
3
0
-2
-6
-3
-3
3
4
2
-1
3
-4
3
-1
3
-2
0
2
5
-6
3
3
1
-6
-2
1
1
1
-5
9
9
6
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
6
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
6
9
6
19
9
6
9
9
9
19
9
9
9
9
9
6
9
9
9
9
131
I
pCi/l+2s
1
7
2
3
2
5
4
2
3
5
1
1
2
3
5
0
6
5
-1
1
0
7
1
3
3
1
-1
4
5
2
-1
-2
2
2
7
-2
-3
2
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
5
14
7
5
7
7
7
14
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
30
-------
TABLE 15 (CONTINUED)
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
OCTOBER 1984
LOCATION
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OR:PORTLAND
PA PITTSBURGH
PC: CRISTOBAL
PR:SAN JUAN
SC:CHARLESTON
SC:CHARLESTON
SD:RAPID CITY
TN:CHATTANOOGA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:MEMPHIS
TX:AUSTIN
UT:SALT LAKE CITY
VA:NORFOLK
VT:BURLINGTON
WA:SEATTLE
WI:MILWAUKEE
WV: CHARLESTON
WYrLARAMIE
DATE
COLLECTED
10/ 1/84
10/ 9/84
10/10/84
10/25/84
10/18/84
10/ 3/84
10/16/84
10/ 8/84
10/ 9/84
10/ 9/84
10/25/84
10/15/84
10/ 8/84
10/10/84
10/ 4/84
10/ 1/84
10/31/84
10/31/84
10/ 4/84
K
IJ/p L41-'Ra J.-IJ.T
OS 1}«J J.
g/l±2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.55
.52
.36
.45
.55
.57
.44
.43
.57
.52
.52
.51
.57
.61
.45
.58
.52
.59
.51
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
s
.13
.13
.12
.12
.13
.13
.12
.12
.13
.13
.09
.09
.09
.13
.12
.13
.13
.09
.13
pCi/l+2s
4
2
2
16
5
1
7
-1
0
2
-1
4
3
1
3
4
5
2
1
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
5
5
7
7
7
7
5
7
pCi/l+2s
-6
-2
-2
-4
-2
-4
3
2
-8
0
-3
-3
-4
-7
-3
-3
-1
2
-1
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
6
6
6
9
9
9
9
6
9
pCi/l+2s
2
5
2
3
-3
-2
4
2
1
-4
0
1
2
8
5
4
1
0
1
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
5
5
7
7
7
7
5
7
NS NO SAMPLE
s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
31
-------
TABLE 16
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
NOVEMBER 1984
LOCATION
AK:ANCHORAGE
AL:MONTGOMERY
AR:LITTLE ROCK
AZ:PHOENIX
CA:LOS ANGELES
CA:SACRAMENTO
CA:SAN FRANCISCO
CO:DENVER
CO .'DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
FL:TAMPA
GA:ATLANTA
HI: HONOLULU
IA:DES MOINES
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
KS:WICHITA
KY:LOUISVILLE
LArNEW ORLEANS
MA:BOSTON
MD:BALTIMORE
ME:PORTLAND
MI .'.DETROIT
MI:CRAND RAPIDS
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MN:ST. PAUL
MO:KANSAS CITY
MO:ST. LOUIS
MS:JACKSON
MT:HELENA
NC:CHARLOTTE
ND:MINOT
NH:MANCHESTER
NJ:TRENTON
NM:ALBUQUERQUE
N\7:LAS VEGAS
NY:BUFFALO
DATE
COLLECTED
ll/ 1/84
III 8/84
ll/ 5/84
ll/ 8/84
11/26/84
ll/ 2/84
ll/ 2/84
ll/ 1/84
11/30/84
ll/ 5/84
11/13/84
ll/ 2/84
ll/ 7/84
ll/ 1/84
ll/ 8/84
ll/ 5/84
ll/ 5/84
ll/ 5/84
ll/ 7/84
11/19/84
ll/ 6/84
ll/ 2/84
ll/ 6/84
ll/ 8/84
ll/ 6/84
ll/ 5/84
ll/ 5/84
ll/ 9/84
ll/ 7/84
ll/ 8/84
ll/ 8/84
ll/ 6/84
11/26/84
III 5/84
ll/ 7/84
11/26/84
ll/ 6/84
11/13/84
K
g/l+2s
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.83
.72
.53
.62
.53
.51
.54
.44
.44
.59
.68
.56
.52
.47
.58
.57
.51
.48
.67
.48
.57
.55
.62
.59
.63
.54
.77
.46
.54
.47
.52
.71
.56
.51
.59
.43
.57
.57
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.17
.13
.13
.13
.13
.12
.13
.12
.08
.13
.13
.13
.13
.07
.13
.09
.12
.12
.13
.12
.09
.13
.13
.13
.13
.13
.25
.12
.13
.12
.09
.24
.13
.12
.09
.12
.09
.13
137
Cs
pCi/l+2si
3
4
4
7
1
6
4
6
2
2
5
6
-2
3
0
0
6
3
1
1
2
1
6
-4
1
3
16
3
-2
5
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
13
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
4
7
5
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
18
7
7
7
5
18
7
7
5
7
5
7
140
Ba
pCi/l+2s
1
-4
-3
-6
-9
-3
4
2
1
-3
-2
>3
-4
-2
-1
-1
-5
3
-8
3
-2
-3
-7
0
-4
-2
7
0
-5
-4
-3
11
-2
-2
-2
-5
0
-6
13
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
6
9
9
9
9
5
9
6
9
9
9
9
6
9
9
9
9
9
19
9
9
9
6
19
9
9
6
9
6
9
131
I
pCi/l+2s
2
-4
1
3
8
2
4
1
6
5
-3
0
2
0
-4
1
-1
0
0
-1
2
-1
5
2
4
0
-2
0
2
5
2
2
9
3
2
5
1
-1
10
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
4
7
5
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
14
7
7
7
5
14
7
7
5
7
5
7
32
-------
TABLE 16 (CONTINUED)
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZE!) MILK
NOVEMBER 1984
LOCATION
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:SYRACUSE
OH:CINCINNATI
OH:CLEVELAND
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
PA PHILADELPHIA
PA:PITTSBURGH
PC:CRISTOBAL
PR:SAN JUAN
SC:CHARLESTON
SD.-RAPID CITY
TN:CHATTANOOGA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:MEMPHIS
TX:AUSTIN
UT:SALT LAKE CITY
VA:NORFOLK
VT:BURLINGTON
WA:SEATTLE
WlrMILWAUKEE
WYrLARAMIE
DATE
COLLECTED
ll/ 5/84
III 5/84
ll/ 5/84
III 7/84
III 5/84
11/13/84
III 7/84
11/29/84
III 9/84
11/28/84
ll/ 5/84
ll/ 5/84
III 5/84
11/28/84
III 7/84
III 7/84
11/16/84
III 2/84
III 9/84
11/30/84
11/11/84
K
g/l±2s
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.56
.58
.54
.56
.49
.49
.74
.48
.50
.57
.61
.67
.64
.54
.49
.66
.63
.48
.56
.65
.69
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.13
.13
.13
.13
.09
.12
.24
.12
.12
.13
.13
.13
.09
.13
.12
.13
.09
.12
.13
.09
.13
137
Cs
pCi/l+2s
0
2
3
-1
3
0
-3
19
6
9
-3
2
5
4
2
0
2
4
-1
1
3
7
7
7
7
5
7
18
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
5
7
7
5
7
140
Ba
pCi/l+2s
-7
-11
-2
0
0
-1
-5
-5
-1
2
-1
-2
-6
-4
-6
-6
-2
0
0
-5
-6
9
9
9
9
6
9
18
9
9
9
9
9
6
9
9
9
6
9
9
6
9
131
I
pCi/l+2s
3
4
2
4
4
2
-2
0
3
0
1
5
3
-1
2
1
0
1
4
3
-1
7
7
7
7
5
7
14
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
5
7
7
5
7
NS NO SAMPLE
S SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
33
-------
TABLE 17
CONCENTRATIONS OF RAUIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
DECEMBER 1984
LOCATION
AL:MONTGOMERY
AR:LITTLE ROCK
AZ:PHOENIX
CA:LOS ANGELES
CA:SACRAMENTO
CArSAN FRANCISCO
CO :DENVER
CT:IIARTFORD
FL:TAMPA
GA:ATLANTA
111: HONOLULU
IA:DES HOINES
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
KS:WICHITA
KY:LOUISVILLE
MA:BOSTON
MD: BALTIMORE
ME:PORTLAND
MI:DETROIT
MI:GRAND RAPIDS
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MN:ST. PAUL
MO:KANSAS CITY
MO:ST. LOUIS
MS :JACKSON
NC:CHARLOTTE
ND:MINOT
NE .-OMAHA
NH:MANCHESTER
NJ:TRENTON
NM:ALBUQUERQUE
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:BUFFALO
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:SYRACUSE
OH .-CINCINNATI
DATE
COLLECTED
127 7/84
12/ 4/84
12/ 6/84
12/18/84
12/ 6/84
12/ 3/84
11/30/84
12/ 3/84
12/11/84
12/ 3/84
12/ 1/84
12/ 4/84
12/ 6/84
127 3/84
12/ 3/84
12/10/84
12/ 3/84
12/ 4/84
12/ 7/84
12/ 4/84
12/ 6/84
127 3/84
12/ 3/84
127 4/84
127 6/84
127 5/84
127 3/84
12/12/84
12/13/84
127 7/84
127 3/84
127 5/84
127 3/84
127 3/84
127 3/84
127 3/84
127 3/84
127 4/84
K
8/l±2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.60
.48
.59
.48
.64
.55
.43
.52
.49
.57
.57
.47
.58
.55
.49
.51
.54
.61
.60
.83
.59
.55
.55
.52
.51
.55
.43
.77
.49
.41
.57
.51
.55
.46
.57
.57
.54
.52
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
s
.13
.08
.13
.08
.13
.13
.12
.13
.12
.13
.13
.12
.13
.13
.12
.12
.13
.13
.09
.25
.13
.13
.13
.13
.12
.13
.12
.24
.12
.07
.09
.09
.13
.12
.09
.13
.13
.09
137
Cs
pCi/l+2s
2
4
4
2
0
2
1
0
11
0
-1
4
3
5
7
-3
5
2
2
12
-1
7
2
-1
1
5
7
16
1
3
6
3
4
4
4
2
-2
-6
7
5
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
18
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
18
7
4
5
5
7
7
5
7
7
5
140
Ba
pCi/l+2s
-5
-5
2
-4
0
-1
1
-3
-8
1
1
2
4
-1
5
-1
0
-7
0
14
-1
-1
-5
0
-1
-2
-3
-8
-3
0
-2
2
-5
0
-7
1
-1
6
9
6
9
6
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
6
19
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
18
9
5
6
6
9
9
6
9
9
6
131
I
pCi/l+2s
3
1
2
0
4
-1
2
1
8
-6
8
3
3
0
6
-2
3
7
6
3
0
2
2
5
5
-2
1
10
6
4
4
2
1
2
4
2
0
2
7
5
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
14
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
14
7
4
5
5
7
7
5
7
7
5
34
-------
TABLE 17 (CONTINUED)
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
DECEMBER 1984
LOCATION
OH:CLEVELAND
OR:PORTLAND
PA:PHILADELPHIA
PA:PITTSBURGH
PC: CRISTOBAL
PR:SAN JUAN
3D:RAPID CITY
TN:CHATTANOOGA
TKiKNOXVILLE
TN:MEMPHIS
TX:AUSTIN
UTrSALT LAKE CITY
VA:NORFOLK
VT:BURLINGTON
WA:SEATTLE
WI: MILWAUKEE
WV:CHARLESTON
WY:LARAMIE
DATE
COLLECTED
12/10/84
12/ 3/84
12/ 3/84
12/ 5/84
12/20/84
12/13/84
12/ 5/84
12/ 3/84
12/ 3/84
12/27/84
12/ 3/84
12/ 3/84
12/13/84
12/ 3/84
12/ 4/84
11/30/84
12/18/84
12/ 4/84
K
g/l±2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.55
.48
.54
.46
.54
.49
.60
.64
.45
.53
.45
.56
.51
.56
.56
.64
.50
.60
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
s
.13
.12
.13
.24
.09
.12
.13
.13
.12
.13
.12
.13
.12
.09
.09
.13
.12
.13
137
Cs
pCi/l+2s
2
1
0
2
12
5
3
2
4
1
3
3
4
5
2
3
3
-1
7
7
7
18
5
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
5
7
7
7
140
Ba
pCi/l+2s
-6
2
3
12
-2
0
-1
-3
2
-7
4
-6
-6
2
"2
-6
2
-3
9
9
9
19
6
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
6
6
9
9
9
131
I
pCi/l+2s
-1
6
1
6
2
5
3
0
-3
-1
0
5
5
3
0
1
3
2
7
7
7
14
5
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
5
7
7
7
NS NO SAMPLE
S SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
35
-------
TABLE 18
STRONTIUM-90 AND STRONTIUM-S9 IN PASTEURIZED MILK
EPA REGIONAL COMPOSITES
OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1984
EPA 90Sr 89Sr
REGION pCi/1 + 2s pCi/1 + 2s*
I 2.1 0.6 1 1
II 2.1 0.7 1 1
III 2.1 0.7 1 1
IV 2.6 0.9 -11
V 2.2 0.6 1 1
VI 2.5 0.7 01
VII 2.4 0.9 02
VIII 1.4 0.6 1 2
IX 0.6 0.8 11
X 1.1 0.7 0 2
SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
ANALYTICAL ERROR TERM WHICH CLOSELY APPROXIMATES
THE COUNTING ERROR
36
-------
Cajrhoii^14_ in Milk
Nine stations, chosen for wide geographical distribution,
contribute milk samples for annual analysis for carbon-14. These
samples have monitored the carbon-14 levels in the food chain
resulting from nuclear testing.
Analysis consists of combusting the samples and measuring
released carbon dioxide through liquid scintillation.
Data will be published as it becomes available.
37
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION DATA (ERD) is published quarterly
(January, April, July, October) by the U. S. Environmenta
Protection Agency's Office of Radiation Programs.
Requests for information concerning publication and distribution
of ERT) should be directed to:
Charles M. Petko
Technical Support Branch
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility
1890 Federal Drive
Montgomery, Alabama 36109
Requests for information concerning the operation of ERAMS
should be directed to:
Charles R. Phillips, Chief
Monitoring and Analytical Services Branch
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility
1890 Federal Drive
Montgomery, Alabama 36109
or to:
James W. Gunter, Chief
Environmental Studies and Statistics
Analysis and Support Division (ANR-461)
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Waterside Mall East
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
***
------- |