United States         Eastern Environmental     EPA 520/5-85-022
         Environmental Protection     Radiation Facility       March 1985
         Agency           1890 Federal Drive
                      Montgomery, AL 36109
          Radiation
c/EPA
         Environmental  Radiation
         Data
         Report 40
         October - December  1984

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ENVIRONMENTAL
RADIATION
DATA
                               REPORT 40
                        October - December 1984
             UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                      Office of Radiation Programs

-------
                                Preface
     Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is compiled  and  distributed
quarterly  by the Office of Radiation Programs' Eastern Environmental
Radiation Facility (EERF), Montgomery,  Alabama,   and  contains  data
from  the  Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS).
Data from similar networks operated by contributing  States,  Canada,
Mexico,  and the Pan American Health Organization are reported in the
ERD when available.

     ERAMS was established in  1973  by  the  U.    S.   Environmental
Protection Agency's Office of Radiation Programs  (ORP).  The ERAMS is
comprised of nationwide sampling stations that provide  air,  surface
and  drinking  water,  and  milk  samples  from  which  environmental
radiation levels are derived.  The major emphasis for ERAMS is toward
identifying trends in the accumulation of long-lived radionuclides in
the environment.

     Sampling locations are selected to  provide  optimal  population
coverage  while  functioning  to monitor fallout from nuclear devices
and other forms of radioactive contamination of the environment.   The
radiation analyses performed on these samples include gross alpha and
gross beta levels, gamma analyses for fission products, and  specific
analyses  for uranium, plutonium, strontium, iodine, radium, krypton,
and  tritium.   This  monitoring  effort  also   provides   ancillary
information  on  natural  background  levels and on releases into the
environment from stationary sources such as nuclear  power  reactors,
fuel fabrication facilities, and reprocessing plants.
                                   111

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             ENVIRONMENTAL   RADIATION

                                DATA
                                CONTENTS
                                                                  Page
DATA - Reporting Rationale and Procedures

     - Table of Reporting Increments and Minimum
       Detectable Levels
 vii
  IX
DATA - ERAMS
     SECTION I.  Air Program
                   1.   Airborne Particulates
                       and Precipitation

                   2.   Plutonium and  Uranium  in
                       Airborne Particulates

                   3.   Krypton-85
 1

 1


14


17
     SECTION II.  Water Program                                      18

                   1.   Surface Water                                 18

                   2.   Drinking Water                                21


     SECTION III.    External  Gamma Ambient Monitoring  Program      27

-------
SECTION IV-   Milk Program                                     29




              1.  Pasteurized Milk                             29




              2.  Strontium-89 and -90 in Milk                 29




              3.  Carbon-14 in Hi Ik                            37
                              vi

-------
            DATA - Reporting Rationale and Procedures
     The U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency's Office of  Radiation
Programs, in 1973, established the Environmental Radiation Monitoring
System(ERAMS)   to   provide   continuous,   accurate,   and   usable
environmental radiation data to the public.  Thus, ERAMS data for all
specific radionuclide analyses are reported as the  counting  results
indicate, whether the numbers are negative, zero, or positive.

Reporting Rationale

     Frequently, concentrations of a  radionuclide  in  environmental
media  are close to zero.  When the actual concentration of a nuclide
is zero,  the  net  counting  results  should  statistically  show  a
distribution  of  negative  and  positive  numbers  about zero.   This
occurs when the background count is subtracted from  a  sample  which
has  only  background  activity.  Prior to July 1975, ERAKS data were
not reported numerically when the results were less than a  specified
reporting  level  or minimum detectable level.  The present reporting
procedure  allows  all  the  data  to  be  reported   and   evaluated
statistically  without  an  arbitrary  cutoff  of  small  or negative
numbers.  This approach will facilitate  estimates  of  bias  in  the
nuclide  analyses  and  will allow better evaluation of distributions
and trends in environmental data.

     When reviewing the  data  in  this  report,   caution  should  be
exercised  in  the  interpretation  of  individual  negative  values.
Obviously,  a  negative  activity  value  does  not   have   physical
significance.    Such  numbers,   however,   are  significant when  taken
together with other observations which indicate that the  true  value
of  a  distribution  is  near  zero.    When  an  average  of  several
measurements produces a result   less   than  zero,  this  indicates  a
negative bias  in the measurement procedure.

          (1)  Reported Values

          Specific Analyses - All specific radionuclide analyses will
     be reported as the counting results indicate, whether the number
     is  negative,   zero,   or  positive.    All  reported  values  are
     corrected  for decay to the collection date.
                                 VII

-------
     Gross Analyses * The actual value  of  gross  radioactivity
measurements  will  he  reported,  unless the value is below the
minimum detectable level (HDL) at the 2 sigma confidence  level,
then < minimum detectable level will be reported.

     HDL is defined as the 3 sigma error of the  background.   A
tabulation of MDL's is given in the following table.

     (2) ReP°rted Error Te_rms

     Each  reported  value  for  specific   analyses   will   be
accompanied  by  a  counting  error  term  at  the 2 sigma (95%)
confidence interval.  Potassiurc concentrations are determined by
specific  activity analyses.  Error terras are therefore reported
as counting errors.  At the very low  levels  characteristic  of
most   ERAMS   measurements,  counting  error  is  the  greatest
contributor to overall error.

     (3) Significant Figures

     All reported values will be rounded to no more  than  three
significant  figures.   The  last  significant  figure  will  be
increased by one if the figure following  is  five  or  greater,
otherwise it is left unchanged.

     (4) Reporting Levels^

     The reporting units, smallest increments for reporting, and
minimum detectable levels for each isotope are shown in Table 1.
Smallest increments  are  sometimes  considerably  smaller  than
minimum   detectable  amounts  to  avoid  truncation  errors  in
averaging.

     (5) Averages

     Averages will be calculated along  with  appropriate  error
terms  in  an  annual  summary  and  analysis of ERAMS data.  In
calculating  these  averages,  all  values  of  individual  data
including  negative numbers will be utilized.  Averages will not
be included in ERD quarterly reports.
                             vm

-------
                                    TABLE 1

             ERAMS Reporting Increments and  Minimum Detectable Levels

                             for Radionuclide Analyses
Radionuclide


Gross alpha

Gross beta
Tritium



Carbon-14

Krypton-85

Plutoniuro-238,
          239
Uranium-234,
    235,238
Radium-226
  Media


Water

Air

Water

Precipitation

Water

Milk

Milk

Ambient Air

Air


Milk


Water


Air


Milk


Water


Water

Reporting
Units
pCi/1
pCi/m3
pCi/1
nCi/ni2
nCi/1
nCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/m3
aCi/ci3

pCi/1

pCi/1

aCi/m3

pCi/1

pCi/1

pCi/1

Reporting
Increments
1 pCi/1
.01 pCi/in3
1 pCi/1
.01 nCi/m2
.1 nCi/1
.1 nCi/1
1 pCi/1
.1 pCi/in3
.1 aCi/m3

.001 pCi/1

.001 pCi/1

.1 aCi/m3

.001 pCi/1

.001 pCi/1

.1 pCi/1
Minimum
Detectable
Levels
2 pCi/1
.01 pCi/m3
1 pCi/1
.01 nCi/m2(a)
.2 nCi/1
.2 nCi/1
15 pCi/1
2 pCi/m3
.015 pCi(b)
per sample
.015 pCi
per sample
.015 pCi
per sample
015 r>r i ( b )
. vy i. J \J^-f -1. '
per sample
.015 pCi
per sample
.015 pCi
per sample
.1 pCi/1
                                    IX

-------


Radionuclide
Strontium-90

Strontium- 89
lodine-131



Iodine-129
Cesium-137

Barium-140

Potassium

Potassiunj-40


Media
Milk
Water
Milk
Milk
Water
Water
(specific
Milk
Milk
Water
Milk
Water
Milk
Water
Water

Reporting
Units
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
radiocheroical
fCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
g/1
8/1
pCi/1

Reporting
Increments
.1 pCi/1
.1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
.1 pCi/1
analysis )
.1 fCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
•1 g/1
•1 8/1
1 pCi/1
Minimum
Detectable
Levels
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
5 pCi/l(O
10 pCi/l(c>
10 pCi/l(c)
.4 pCi/1

.4 fCi/1
10 pCi/1
10 pCi/1
10 pCi/l(c)
10 pCi/l(O
.12 8/1
.12 g/1
100 pCi/1
(a)  The value in terms of nCi/m^  would be dependent on precipitation (mm),
(b)  Tbis value in terms of pCi/ai3 would be dependent on the air volume.
(c)  Activity as of the day of counting.

-------
                                                           DATA * EPA
                         ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION
                    AMBIENT MONITORING SYSTEM (ERAMS)
SECTION I.  Air Program

                Airborne Particulates and Precipitation

     Cross  beta  radioactivity  measurements  and  certain  specific
analyses  are performed on air particulates and precipitation samples
as indicator measurements in assessing the general (national)  impact
of all contributing sources on environmental levels of radiation.

     Airborne  particulates  are  collected  continuously  at   field
stations representing wide geographic coverage, including present  and
potential sources of environmental radioactivity.  Sampling sites  are
located  throughout the United States, Virgin Islands, and the Panama
Canal.

     Filters ( 10-cm diameter synthetic fiber ) from air samplers  are
changed  twice  weekly  and  field  measurements  are made with a  G-M
survey meter at 5 hours and 29 hours after collection  to  allow  for
radon  and  thoron  daughter  product  decay.   Field  estimates  are
reported to appropriate EPA officials by telephone or rsail  depending
on the activity levels found.

     The filters are sent to EERF for more sensitive  analyses  in  a
low  background  beta  counter.   Gamma  scans  are  performed on  all
filters  showing  laboratory  gross  beta  counts  greater   than   1
pCi/m^-    The   lower  gross beta  values  reported  for  laboratory
measurements are largely due to  the  decay  of  radionuclides  which
occurred  between  the  times  of  the field estimates and laboratory
measurements.

     Precipitation samples are collected at the field stations  where
air filters are collected.  These samples are also sent to EERF where
they  are  composited  monthly  for  tritium,  gross  beta   activity
measurements  and gamma scans.  Plutonium-238, -239, and uranium-234,
-235, and -238 analyses are  performed  on  samples  which  exceed  2
pCi/liter gross alpha.

-------
     Tables  2  -  4  present  the   monthly   average   gross    beta
concentrations in airborne particulates for October - December  1984.

     Tables  5-7  present  the   monthly   average   gross    beta
concentration in precipitation October - December 1984.

     The tritium in precipitation samples for October -  December  1984
at the selected stations are shown in Table 8.
     A compilation of individual measurements  is  available   from   the
EPA, EERF, Montgomery,  AL  36109.

-------
                             TABLE 2
                      AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
                    GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
                          OCTOBER 1984
LOCATION
# SAM
 AL:MONTGOMERY
 AR:LITTLE ROCK
 CA:BERKELEY
 CA:LOS ANGELES
 CO:DENVER
 CT: HARTFORD
 DE:WILMINGTON
 FL:JACKSONVILLE
 FL:MIAMI
 HI:HONOLULU
 LA:IOWA CITY
 ID:BOISE
 ID:IDAHO FALLS
 IL:CHICAGO
 IN:INDIANAPOLIS
 KS:TOPEKA
 ME .-AUGUSTA
 MI:LANSING
 MN:MINNEAPOLIS
 MO:JEFFERSON CITY
 MS:JACKSON
 NC:CHARLOTTE
 NC:WILMINGTON
 ND:BISMARCK
 NH:CONCORD
 NJ:TRENTON
 NM:SANTA FE
 NV:LAS VEGAS
 NY: ALBANY
 NY:NEW YORK CITY
 NY:NIAGARA FALLS
 NY:SYRACUSE
 NY:YAPHANK
 OH:COLUMBUS
 OHrPAINESVILLE
 OH: TOLEDO
 OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
 OR:PORTLAND
 5-HR FIELD
  ESTIMATE

MAX  MIN  AVG

  (pCi/m3)
   EERF LAB
  MEASUREMENT

MAX   MIN   AVG

   (pCi/m3)
9
9
8
10
5
9
8
9
9
8
8
9
9
8
6
9
9
9
8
9
9
9
7
9
9
4
3
9
4
9
9
5
9
9
8
8
7
7
3.3
0.2
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.6
0,8
0.2
0.0
0.5
0.3
0.9
0.0
0.3
0.9
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.6
1.4
1.5
0.3
0.1
0.9
0.5
1.1
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.3
0.6
0.7
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.0
1.5
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.0
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.6
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.0
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
o.oi •
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01

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                       TABLE 2 (CONTINUED)
LOCATION
                      AIRBORNE PARTICIPATES
                    GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
                          OCTOBER 1984
       5-HR FIELD
        ESTIMATE

SAM   MAX  MIN  AVG

        (pCi/m3)
   EERF LAB
  MEASUREMENT

MAX   MIN   AVG
   (pCi/m3)
PArGOLDSBORO
PA:
RI:
SC:
SC:
TN:
TN:
TX:
TX:
VA:
VA:
WA:
WA:
UI:
WV:
HARRISBURG
PROVIDENCE
BARNWELL
COLUMBIA
KNOXVILLE
NASHVILLE
AUSTIN
EL PASO
LYNCHBURG
VIRGINIA BEACH
SEATTLE
SPOKANE
MADISON
CHARLESTON
4
8
5
2
9
10
3
9
9
9
2
9
' 9
9
7
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
.4
.0
.2
.0
.1
.2
.0
.3
.7
.0
.1
.1
.0
.5
.8
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.5
0.1
0.0
0.4
0.6
0.0
0.5
0.5
0.8
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.2
0.4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.01
.02
.01
.02
.06
.03
.03
.04
.02
.02
.01
.01
.03
.01
.03
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
.01
.01
.01
.00
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.00
.01
.00
.00
.00
.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0 ,01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES -  .1 pCi/si3
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT -  .01 pCi/m3

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                             TABLE 3
                      AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
                    GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
                         NOVEMBER 1984
LOCATION
# SAM
 5-HK FIELD
  ESTIMATE

MAX  MIN  AVG
  (pCi/m3)
   EERF LAB
  MEASUREMENT

MAX   MIN   AVG

   (pCi/m3)
AL:ASHFORD
AL: MONTGOMERY
AR:LITTLE ROCK
AZ:TEMPE
CA: BERKELEY
CA:LOS ANGELES
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
DE: WILMINGTON
FL: JACKSONVILLE
FL:MIAMI
HI: HONOLULU
IA.-IOWA CITY
ID: BOISE
ID: IDAHO FALLS
IL: CHICAGO
IN: INDIANAPOLIS
KS:TOPEKA
ME: AUGUSTA
MI : LAN SING
MN: MINNEAPOLIS
MO: JEFFERSON CITY
MS : JACKSON
NC: CHARLOTTE
NC: WILMINGTON
ND: BISMARCK
NH : CONCORD
NJ: TRENTON
NM: SANTA FE
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY: ALBANY
NY: NEW YORK CITY
NY: NIAGARA FALLS
NY: SYRACUSE
NY: YAP HANK
OH: COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OH: TOLEDO
4
9
5
7
9
8
6
9
9
9
9
9
9
7
8
9
6
8
8
9
9
8
9
4
8
9
9
8
3
9
4
9
8
4
8
9
9
9
0
0
0
4
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
•
•
•
•
•
•
m
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
.
•
•
•
•
•
.
•
•
•
•
•
*
9
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
0
7
1
6
0
0
0
5
4
5
1
2
5
6
0
7
6
4
3
2
9
5
4
2
2
9
5
6
7
4
3
2
2
1
1
2
2
5
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.0
1.7
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.01
.01
.01
.03
.01
.01
.06
.01
.02
.01
.01
.01
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.01
.03
.01
.07
.02
.03
.01
.01
.03
.02
.01
.02
.03
.02
.02
.01
.01
.01
.02
.02
.02
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.00
.01
.01
.00
.00
.01
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.01
.00
.00
.01
.01
.00
.00
.00
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.00
.00
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.00
.01
.01
.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01

-------
                       TABLE 3 (CONTINUED)
                      AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
                    GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
                         NOVEMBER 1984
LOCATION7
# SAM
 OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
 OR-.PORTLAND
 PA:GOLDSBORO
 Ri :PROVIDENCE
 SC:BARNWELL
 SC:COLUMBIA
 SD:PIERRE
 TN:KNOXVILLE
 TN:NASHVILLE
 TX:AUSTIN
 TX:EL PASO
 VA:LYNCHBURG
 WA:SEATTLE
 WA:SPOKANE
 WI: MADISON
 WV:CHARLESTON
 5-HR FIELD
  ESTIMATE

MAX  MIN  AVG
  (PCi/m3)
   EERF LAB
  MEASUREMENT

MAX   MIN   AVG
   (pCi/m3)
1
6
3
5
1
8
6
6
3
8
7
8
6
9
8
5
1.2
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.0
1.3
1.3
1.1
1.9
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.0
0.2
0.7
0.9
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.3
0.5
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.5
0.6
0.4
1.1
0.6
0.7
0.4
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES - .1 pCi/m3
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT - .01 pCi/ra3

-------
                             TABLE 4
                      AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
                    GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
                          DECEMBER 1984
LOCATION
# SAM
 5-HR FIELD
  ESTIMATE

MAX  MIN  AVG

  (pCi/m3)
   EERF LAB
  MEASUREMENT

MAX   MIN   AVG

   (pCi/m3)
AL
AL
AR
AZ
CA
CA
CT
DE
FL
FL
HI
IA
ID
ID
IL
KS
ME
MI
MN
MO
MS
NC
NC
ND
Nil
NJ
KM
NV
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
OH
OH
OH
OK
OR
: ASH FORD
: MONTGOMERY
:LITTLE ROCK
rTEMPE
: BERKELEY
:LOS ANGELES
: HARTFORD
:WILMINGTON
rJACKSONVILLE
.•MIAMI
: HONOLULU
:IOWA CITY
: BOISE
: IDAHO FALLS
.•CHICAGO
rTOPEKA
: AUGUSTA
: LAN SING
rMINNEAPOLIS
:JEFFERSON CITY
: JACK SON
: CHARLOTTE
: WILMINGTON
: BISMARCK
: CONCORD
: TRENTON
: SANTA FE
:LAS VEGAS
: ALBANY
.•NEW YORK CITY
: NIAGARA FALLS
: SYRACUSE
: YAP HANK
: COLUMBUS
rPAINESVILLE
: TOLEDO
: OKLAHOMA CITY
: PORTLAND
6
9
7
4
8
8
9
8
7
9
9
8
9
8
7
7
9
8
9
8
8
5
8
8
8
8
2
9
4
9
9
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
0.0
1.5
0.1
2.2
0.2
0.7
0.2
0.9
0.2
0.0
0.2
1.1
0.3
0.0
0.4
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.8
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.3
1.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0
.6
.1
.5
.1
.3
.1
.3
.1
.0
.1
.3
.1
.0
.2
.3
.1
.1
.2
.4
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.0
.1
.1
.3
.5
.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.01
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.01
.03
.02
.01
.01
.03
.04
.03
.02
.01
.02
.02
.03
.03
.02
.02
.02
.02
.01
.01
.02
.02
.02
.02
.01
.02
.02
.02
.02
.03
.03
.02
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.00
.00
.01
.01
.00
.00
.01
.01
.01
.00
.00
.01
.00
.01
.01
.00
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.03
.01
.01
.00
.00
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.00
.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01

-------
                       TABLE 4 (CONTINUED)
LOCATION
                      AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
                    GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
                          DECEMBER 1984
# SAM
 PA:GOLDSBORO
 PArHARRISBURG
 RI: PROVIDENCE
 SCcBARNWELL
 SC:COLUMBIA
 SD:PIERRE
 TNrKNOXVILLE
 TN:NASHVILLE
 TX:AUSTIN
 TX:EL PASO
 VA:LYNCHBURG
 VArVIRGINIA BEACH
 WA:SEATTLE
 WA:SPOKANE
 WI:MADISON
 WV:CHARLESTON
 5-HR FIELD
  ESTIMATE

MAX  MIN  AVG
  (pCi/m3)
   EERF LAB
  MEASUREMENT

MAX   MIN   AVG
   (pCi/m3)
9
9
3
2
7
8
6
3
8
6
6
1
6
9
7
6
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.9
0.4
0.6
0.0
0.8
0.6
1.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.03
0.04
0.02
0.00
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.01
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES -  .1  pCi/m3
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT -  .01 pCi/m3

-------
                 TABLE 5

GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION

               OCTOBER 1984
LOCATION

AL: MONTGOMERY
AR: LITTLE ROCK
CA: BERKELEY
CO :DENVER
CT: HARTFORD
DC: WASHINGTON
DEtWILMINGTON
FL: JACKSONVILLE
FLrMIAMI
IDrBOISE
ID: IDAHO FALLS
IL: CHICAGO
IN: INDIANAPOLIS
MI :LANSING
MN: MINNEAPOLIS
MS : JACKSON
ND : BI SMARCK
NH: CONCORD
NJ: TRENTON
NY: ALBANY
NY: NEW YORK CITY
NY: NIAGARA FALLS
NY: YAP HANK
OH: COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OH: TOLEDO
OR .'PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC: COLUMBIA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN: NASHVILLE
TX: AUSTIN
TX:EL PASO
VA:LYNCHBURG
VA: VIRGINIA BEACH
WA: SEATTLE
WI: MAD I SON
DEPTH
(ram)
158.8
70.8
49.1
49.8
50.8
50.0
100.0
107.3
81.2
33.0
12.5
52.2
10.0
109.0
133.9
45.0
8.9
150.8
64.6
62.9
40.0
5.4
87.5
109.1
48.8
38.8
186.3
30.8
85.0
15.0
27.5
102.5
25.0
60.0
16.0
45.0
35.0
37.5
131.0
ACT.
± 2s
(nCi/tn2)
0.12
0.05
0.03
0.05
0.17
0.04
0.22
0.05
0.08
0.09
0.03
0.01
0.00
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.31
0.22
0.10
0.05
0.01
0.14
0.08
0.10
0.04
0.24
0.06
0.23
0.02
0.12
0.15
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.18
0.12
0.00
0.38
0.07
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.05
0.06
0.02
0.00
0.08
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.00
0.04
0.06
0.03
0.02
0.09
0.02
0.05
0.01
0.02
0.05
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.09
ND NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE
s SIGMA COUNTING
ERROR


                                        SPECIFIC
                                       GAMMA ACT.


                                        (pCi/1)

                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND
                                       ND

-------
                       TABLE  6

     GROSS  BETA  CONCENTRATION  IN PRECIPITATION

                    NOVEMBER  1984
LOCATION

AL: MONTGOMERY
AR: LITTLE ROCK
CA: BERKELEY
CT: HARTFORD
DC: WASHINGTON
DE: WILMINGTON
FL: JACKSONVILLE
FL:MIAMI
IDrBOISE
ID: IDAHO FALLS
11, : CHIC AGO
MI: LANSING
MN: MINNEAPOLIS
MS : JACKSON
ND : BI SMARCK
NU: CONCORD
NJ: TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY: ALBANY
NY: NEW YORK CITY
NY: NIAGARA FALLS
NY: YAP HANK
OH: COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OH: TOLEDO
OR: PORTLAND
PA: HARRIS BURG
RI: PROVIDENCE
SCrBARNWELL
SC: COLUMBIA
TNrKNOXVILLE
TN: NASHVILLE
TX: AUSTIN
VA:LYNCHBURG
VA: VIRGINIA BEACH
WA: SEATTLE
WI: MAD I SON
DEPTH
(ram)
35.0
37.9
178.1
23.1
32.3
33.8
93.7
95.0
89.5
34.0
74.6
78.0
7.7
42.8
20.5
69.5
59.7
25.0
20.0
32.7
61.8
32.5
107.3
133.1
63.1
229.8
194.0
50.0
3.7
63.3
20.0
23.6
25.0
80.5
15.0
162.6
120.8
ACT.
+ 2s
(nCi/m2)
0.05
0.06
0.17
0.03
0.01
0.03
0.05
0.14
0.12
0.04
0.08
0.07
0.08
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.09
0.04
0.03
0.05
0.03
0.01
0.06
0.15
0.11
0.35
0.27
0.04
0.01
0.08
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.34
0.02
0.11
0.08
0.02
0.02
0.08
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.01
0.04
0.03
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.04
0.06
0.03
0.12
0.09
0.02
0.00
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.06
0.01
0.08
0.06
                                              SPECIFIC
                                             GAMMA  ACT.


                                              (pCi/1)

                                             NU
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                             ND
                                            ND
ND   NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE
 s   SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
                        10

-------
                       TABLE  7

     GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION  IN  PRECIPITATION

                    DECEMBER  1984
 LOCATION
DEPTH   ACT.  + 2s
                      (ram)    (nCi/ia2)
AL: MONTGOMERY
AR: LITTLE ROCK
CA: BERKELEY
CT: HARTFORD
FL: JACKSONVILLE
FL:MIAMI
ID: BOISE
ID: IDAHO FALLS
IL: CHICAGO
MI: LAN SING
MN: MINNEAPOLIS
MS: JACK SON
ND : BI SMARCK
NJ: TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY: ALBANY
NY: NEW YORK CITY
NY: NIAGARA FALLS
NY:YAPHANK
OH: COLUMBUS
0!I:PAINESVILLE
OH: TOLEDO
OR: PORTLAND
RI : PROVIDENCE
SCrBARNWELL
SC: COLUMBIA
TN: NASHVILLE
TX: AUSTIN
VA:LYNCHBURG
VArVIRGINIA BEACH
WA : SEATTLE
WI: MAD I SON
100.0
35.4
86.4
59.8
6.9
18.7
32.5
48.0
76.3
100.4
45.3
21.9
4.7
68.7
10.0
56.2
50.6
90.3
51.3
93.7
83.8
28.8
65.6
60.0
18.7
10.0
42.3
27.5
70.8
41.5
100.0
17.3
0.10
0.06
0.15
0.22
0.01
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.26
0.17
0.45
0.03
0.01
0.14
0.02
0.08
0.07
0.10
0.09
0.20
0.30
0.05
0.14
0.10
0.03
0.02
0.15
0.04
0.42
0.06
0.23
0.03
0.05
0.02
0.05
0.04
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.01
0.00
0.04
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.04
0.03
0.05
0.06
0.02
0.04
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.05
0.02
0.06
0.01
 SPECIFIC
GAMMA ACT.


 (pCi/1)

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND   NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE
 s   SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
                        11

-------
                         TABLE 8
                      PRECIPITATION
                  TRITIUM CONCENTRATION

                 OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1984
LOCATION

AL:MONTGOMERY
AR:LITTLE ROCK
CA:BERKELEY
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
DC:WAS1IINGTON
DE: WILMINGTON
FL:JACKSONVILLE
FL:MIAMI
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
INrlNDIANAPOLIS
MIrLANSING
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MS : JACKSON
ND:BISMARCK
NH:CONCORD
NJ:TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:ALBANY
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
NY:YAPHANK
OH:COLUMBUS
01I:PAINESVILLE
OH: TOLEDO
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC: COLUMBIA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:NASHVILLE
                        OCTOBER
               NOVEMBER
nCi/1 + 2s    nCi/1 + 2s
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1
3
3
3
2
2
1
1
1
2
3
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
NS
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
0.
0.
0.
3
2
2
1
2
2
2
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
0.
0.
0.
NS
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
3
2
2

2
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.2
.2
.2

.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
NS
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2
4
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
3
2
2
2
2
1
3
5
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
0.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
0.
0.
0.
NS
0.
NS
KS
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2
2
2

2


1
2
3
3
2
0
0
0

0


0
0
0
0
0
.2
.2
.2

.2


.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
NS
0.
0.
0.
0.
2
1
2
1
0
0
0
0
.2
.2
.2
.2
NS
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
NS
0.
2.
0.
1
3
2
0
0
0
.2
.2
.2
NS
0.
2
0
.2
                               12

-------
                    TABLE 8 (CONTINUED)

                      PRECIPITATION
                  TRITIUM CONCENTRATION

                 OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1984

                        OCTOBER       NOVEMBER      DECEMBER

LOCATION               nCi/1 + 2s    nCi/1 + 2s    nCi/1 + 2s

TX:AUSTIN               0.2 0.2       0.1 0.2       0.2 0.2
TX:EL PASO              0.3 0.2       NS            NS
VA:LYNCHBURG            0.1 0.2       0.2 0.2       0.2 0.2
VArVIRGINIA BEACH       0.2 0.2       0.1 0.2       0.2 0.2
WA:SEATTLE              0.3 0.2       0.2 0.2       0.3 0,2
WI:MADISON              0.1 0.2       0.1 0.2       0.2 0.2
NS   NO SAMPLE
 s   SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
                              13

-------
             Plutonium arid Uranium i_n Airborne Particulates

     Environmental radiation levels  of  plutonium  and  uranium  are
determined  by  the  analyses  of  quarterly  composite  samples (air
filters)  collected  from  the  67  continuously  operating  airborne
particulate samplers.

     Analyses of the composited filters consist of ashing, separating
by  liquid  ion  exchange,  and  coprecipitation  of the plutonium or
uranium.

     Concentration of the specific isotopes of  plutonium-238,   -239,
and uranium-234, -235, and -238 are determined by alpha spectroscopy.
The volume of air passing througli the filters  normally  ranges  from
25,000 to 40,000 m^ for each quarterly composite.

     Plutonium and uranium in airborne particulates data for  October
- December 1933 are shown in Table 9.
                                   14

-------
                                         TABLE 9

                      PLUTONIUM AND URANIUM IN AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
                           OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1983 COMPOSITES
                           238
                              Pu
239
   Pu
234,
235
                                                                  U
238,
LOCATION

AL: MONTGOMERY
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CA:LOS ANGELES
CT:HARTFORD
DE: WILMINGTON
FL:JACKSONVILLE
FL:MIAMI
HI:HONOLULU
IA:IOWA CITY
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
ME:AUGUSTA
111: LANSING
MO:JEFFERSON CITY
MS:JACKSON
ND:BISMARCK
NH:CONCORD
NJ:TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY .-ALBANY
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
NY .'SYRACUSE
OH .'COLUMBUS
OlkPAINESVILLE
Oil: TOLEDO
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRIS BURG
PA:PITTSBURGH
RI: PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SD:PIERRE
TNrKNOXVILLE
TN:NASHVILLE
TX:AUSTIN
aCi/m3+ 2s aCi/m3+ 2s
1.2
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.6
-0.1
-0.4
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.8
0.4
-0.1
0.3
1.4
0.0
-0.1
-1.1
1.6
0.2
0.3
0.3
1.0
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.8
0.3
0.8
0.6
0.2
0.0
0.4
2.3
0.8
1.0
0.5
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.6
0.5
0.3
1.4
0.5
0.4
0.2
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.6
1.0
0.3
0.5
1.0
1.1
0.3
0.6
0.4
0.7
0.3
0.0
0.4
0.3
0.8
0.8
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.6
0.3
1.5
0.8
0.6
1.2
0.3
0.7
0.1
0.4
0.5
0.7
1.1
4.5
1.0
0.5
3.0
0.6
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.8
0.3
0.9
0.6
1.0
0.7
0.5
0.0
0.2
2.8
1.8
0.9
1.2
1.7
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.9
0.4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.7
.7
.4
.5
.2
.4
.6
.5
.6
.9
.0
.4
.1
.8
.2
.9
.5
.6
.3
.5
.8
.9
.5
.5
.3
.3
.2
.8
.6
.7
.8
.5
.3
.4
.4
.5
.5
.8
.5
aCi/m3+ 2s
22
22
6
15
9
9
9
8
7
15
20
20
21
32
16
35
18
11
18
8
12
118
27
34
24
11
39
11
26
10
19
39
10
23
23
10
26
29
11
.2
.1
.4
.1
.0
.2
.2
.4
.5
.1
.1
.3
.4
.3
.1
.0
.2
.6
.6
.8
.0
.8
.1
.6
.8
.3
.0
.9
.7
.7
.9
.0
.0
.9
.3
.1
.4
.5
.1
4.7
6.2
1.6
3.6
1.6
1.9
2.1
1.8
1.8
2.4
4.1
3.1
4.4
5.1
2.4
6.4
3.4
2.9
3.7
1.6
3.4
19.1
3.9
6.3
3.5
2.4
9.9
1.8
4.1
2.2
3.6
9.1
1.8
6.1
4.1
2.7
6.7
5.7
2.9
aCi/sn3+ 2s
2.7
1.1
0.3
2.0
0.3
0.4
0.9
0.8
0.5
0.6
0.9
0.6
2.1
1.2
0.7
1.8
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.8
0.9
1.1
1.4
0.9
1.7
0.7
1.1
0.5
1.7
0.6
1.9
1.9
0.6
0.6
1.6
0.2
3.3
1.3
0.6
1.5
1.5
0.4
1.1
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.9
0.4
1.1
0.8
0.4
1.2
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.4
1.0
1.3
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.5
1.0
0.3
0.8
0.4
0.9
2.0
0.4
1.0
0.9
0.5
1.9
1.0
0.6
aCi/m3+ 2s
20.9
12.8
6.7
21.6
9.3
7.0
11.4
10.8
5.2
15.4
21.4
17.6
16.1
23.7
18.2
28.7
11.3
8.3
14.8
8.5
12.5
81.1
23.8
19.4
25.6
8.2
38.7
10.1
19.1
12.2
16.1
32.4
9.5
10.6
27.2
13.9
19.2
23.0
10.9
4.6
4.4
1.6
4.6
1.6
1.6
2.4
2.1
1.5
2.5
4.3
2.8
3.6
4.2
2.7
5.6
2.6
2.4
3.2
1.6
3.5
14.4
3.5
4.2
3.6
2.0
10.4
1.6
3.2
2.4
3.1
8.1
1.8
3.6
4.5
3.3
5.4
4.2
2.9
                                        15

-------
                                    TABLE 9 (CONTINUED)

                      PLUTONIUM AND URANIUM IN AIRBORNE  PARTICULATES
                           OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1983  COMPOSITES

                           238pu      239PU          234u       235u          238
LOCATION                 aCi/m3+ 2s aCi/ra3+ 2s    aCi/m3+  2s   aCi/m3+ 2s   aCi/m3+ 2s

TX:EL PASO                0.6 0.6   1.4   1.0      54.3  13.8     2.7  2.5    40.5  11.3
UTtSALT LAKE CITY         0.3 0.3   0.5   0.3      19.5   5.2     0.5  0.6    14.0   4.2
VA:LYNCHBURG              0.3 0.4   0.7   0.6     417.4  43.7    11.1  2.2    20.0   3,3
VArVIRGINIA BEACH         1.5 0.8   1.5   0.8      15.4   3.1     1.4  0.8    14.2   2.9
WA:SEATTLE                0.7 o'.5   0.4   0.4        4.0   1.0     1.2  0.5     5.7   1.3
WA:SPOKANE               -0.1 0.5   0.9   0.5      38.2   8.5     1.0  1.0    20.7   5,5
WI:MADISON                0.3 0.3   1.9   0.8        4.1   1.2     0.6  0.4     3.9   1.1
WVrCHARLESTON             2.4 1.1   0.2   0.5      17.2   3.2     0.5  0.5    19.0   3.4
      SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
                                         16

-------
                               Krypton-85

     Krypton-85 is a long-lived noble gas with a half  life  of  10.8
years.   It  is  released  into  the  atmosphere  by  nuclear reactor
operations,  fuel  fabrication,  fuel   reprocessing,   and   nuclear
detonations.   Krypton-85  also  occurs naturally in minor quantities
primarily from the neutron capture of stable krypton-84  as  well  as
spontaneous   fission   and   neutron-induced   fission  of  uranium.
Monitoring of krypton-85 in the  atmosphere  has  been  conducted  to
identify and establish baseline levels and long-term trends.

     Krypton-85  analysis  began  in   January   1973   with    sample
collections  and  analyses being performed for 12 sampling locations.
These locations were selected to provide atmospheric coverage of  the
United  States  with  considerations  being given to the proximity to
fuel reprocessing  plants,  nuclear  reactors,  and  wide  geographic
coverage.

     Dry compressed air samples,  collected  at  each  location,  are
purchased  from  commercial air suppliers annually and shipped to the
EERF where the krypton-85 is cryogenically separated and counted in a
liquid scintillation system.

     The Kr-85 results will be published when they are available.
                                  17

-------
                                                           DATA * EPA
                                 ERAMS
SECTION II.  Water Program

     The ERAMS water  program  provides  ambient  radiation  data  to
assess   the  effects  of  nuclear  fallout,   the  natural  radiation
environment, and  other  nuclear  sources  on  the  nation's  rivers,
streams and drinking water supplies.

                             Surface Water

     Grab  samples  are  taken  quarterly  at  58  stations   located
downstream from operating or future nuclear facilities.

     Surface water monitoring consists of tritium analyses  quarterly
and  gamma  scans  annually.   Tritium  is  the  primary  radioactive
pollutant from nuclear power plants.

     Tritium concentrations are determined  by  liquid  scintillation
counting of distilled samples.  Gamma scans are performed annually to
determine if there is a buildup of other contaminants.

     Tritium concentrations for surface water samples for  October
December 1984 are given in Table 10.
                                   18

-------
                                  TABLE 10

                               SURFACE WATER
                           TRITIUM CONCENTRATION

                           OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1984
 LOCATION

AL;DECATUR
ALrGORDAN
AL:SCOTTSBORO
AR:LITTLE ROCK
CA:DIABLO CANYON
CA:EUREKA
CA:SAN ONOFRE
COrCREELEY
CT:EAST HADDAM
CTiWATERFORD
FL:CRYSTAL RIVER
FL:FT. PIERCE
FL:HOMESTEAD
IA:CEDAR RAPIDS
ID:BUHL
IL:MOLINE
IL: MORRIS
IL:ZION
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:PLYMOUTH
MD:C.ONOWINGO
MD:LUSBY
ME:WISCASSET
MI:CHARLEVOIX
MI:MONROE
MI:SOUTH HAVEN
MN:MONTICELLO
MNrRED WING
MS:PORT GIBSON
NC:CHARLOTTE
NC:SOUTHPORT
NJrBAYSIDE
NJ:OYSTER CREEK
NV:BOULDER CITY
NY:OSSINING
NYrOSWEGO
NY:POUGHKEEPSIE
OH:TOLEDO
PA:DANVILLE
    SOURCE

TENNESSEE RIVER
CHATTAHOOCHEE R.
TENNESSEE RIVER
ARKANSAS RIVER
PACIFIC OCEAN
HUMBOLDT BAY
PACIFIC OCEAN
SOUTH PLATTE RIVER
CONNECTICUT RIVER
LONG ISLAND SOUND
GULF OF MEXICO
ATLANTIC OCEAN
BISCAYNE BAY
CEDAR RIVER
SNAKE RIVER
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
ILLINOIS RIVER
LAKE MICHIGAN
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
CAPE CODE BAY
SUSQUEHANNA RIVER
CHESAPEAKE BAY
MONTSEWAY BAY
LAKE MICHIGAN
LAKE ERIE
LAKE MICHIGAN
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
MISSISSIPPI RIVER •
CATAWBA RIVER
ATLANTIC OCEAN
DELAWARE RIVER
OYSTER CREEK
COLORADO RIVER
HUDSON RIVER
LAKE ONTARIO
HUDSON RIVER
LAKE ERIE
SUSQUEHANNA RIVER
DATE
COLLECTED
10/ 4/84
10/18/84
10/ 2/84
10/ 2/84
10/ 3/84
10/ 4/84
11/27/84
10/ 9/84
III 1/84
ll/ 6/84
10/ 8/84
10/ 9/84
ll/ 7/84
10/ 9/84
10/15/84
11/15/84
10/13/84
10/ 3/84
10/11/84
10/10/84
10/ 9/84
10/ 9/84
10/16/84
10/ 6/84
10/ 7/84
10/ 1/84
ll/ 5/84
10/11/84
10/18/84
10/ 8/84
10/ 3/84
11/15/84
11/13/84
10/12/84
10/ 4/84
10/31/84
10/ 3/84
10/ 2/84
10/ 3/84

nCi/1
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2

± 2s
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
                                     19

-------
                            TABLE 10 (CONTINUED)

                               SURFACE WATER
                           TRITIUM CONCENTRATION

                           OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1984
 LOCATION

SC:ALLENUALE
SC:BROAD RIVER
SCrllARTSVILLE
TN:DAISY
TN:KINGSTON
TX:EL PASO
VArDOSWELL
WA:NORTHPORT
WA:RICHLAND
WI:TWO CREEKS
WI: VICTORY
WV:WHEELING
    SOURCE

SAVANNAH RIVER
BROAD RIVER
LAKE ROBINSON
TENNESSEE RIVER
CLINCH RIVER
RIO GRANDE
NORTH ANNA RIVER
COLUMBIA RIVER
COLUMBIA RIVER
LAKE MICHIGAN
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
OHIO RIVER
  DATE
COLLECTED

10/11/84
10/10/84
10/ 8/84
11/20/84
10/ 3/84
10/10/84
10/ 5/84
11/13/84
10/ 7/84
11/12/84
10/ 9/84
10/ 3/84
nCi/1
 3.1
 0.2
 0.
 0.
 0.
.5
.5
.3
 0.3
 1.4
 0.2
 0.2
 0.4
 0.2
 0.2
±  2s

0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0,
0,
0,
0,
        0.2
        0.2
        0.2
        0.2
     SIGKA COUNTING ERROR
                                     20

-------
                             Drinking Water

     The drinking water program provides ambient radiation monitoring
relevant  to  the  effects  of  the  nuclear  power industry,  natural
environmental levels,  and other pertinent sources.   These data  serve
to assess trends and anomalies in concentrations,  and to compare with
standards set forth in the EPA  "National  Interim  Primary  Drinking
Water   Regulations."  These  regulations  provide  for  approval  of
supplies when the combined radium-226 and radium-228  levels  do  not
exceed  5  pCi/1,  when the gross alpha (excluding radon and uranium)
levels do not exceed 15 pCi/1, when  tritium  levels  do  not   exceed
20,000 pCi/1, when the strontium-90 levels do not  exceed 8 pCi/1, and
when the gross beta levels do not exceed 50 pCi/1.

     Grab samples are taken  at  78  sites  which   are  either  major
population centers or selected nuclear facility environs.

     The analyses include (a) tritium  on  a  quarterly  basis;    (b)
gross   alpha,   gross   beta,  strontium-90,  and  gamma  on  annual
composites;  (c) radium-226 if the gross alpha exceeds  2  pCi/1  and
radium-228  if  the  radium-226  falls  between  3  and 5 pCi/1;  (d)
specific iodine-131  on  one  quarterly  sample  per  year  for  each
station;   and (e) an annual composite for plutonium-238 and -239 and
uranium-234, -235, and -238 for stations that demonstrate gross alpha
levels greater than 2 pCi/1.

     Tritium analyses are performed by scintillation counting of  the
distilled  samples,  gross  beta,  and  gross alpha by evaporating an
aliquot on stainless steel planchets for counting,  and radium*-226  by
the standard emanation technique.  Strontium-90 is determined  by beta
counting a strontium carbonate precipitate isolated by ion exchange.

     The results of tritium in drinking water analyses for October
December 1984 are shown in Table 11.

     Plutonium and uranium analyses are similar to  procedures  given
for  air particulate samples.  Analyses were altered to coincide with
revised EPA standards.  The results for 1983  composite  samples  are
shown in Table 12.

     Iodine-131 concentration in drinking water for 1984 is shown  in
Table 13.

     All samples were  taken  as  either  a  single  grab  sample  or
composite samples taken over 12 to 14 days.
                                  21

-------
                       TABLE 11

                    DRINKING WATER
                TRITIUM CONCENTRATION

               OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1984
 LOCATION

AK:FAIRBANKS
AL:DOTHAN
AL:MONTGOMERY
AL:MUSCLE SHOALS
ALrSCOTTSBORO
AR:LITTLE ROCK
CA:BERKELEY
CA:LOS ANGELES
CO:DENVER
CO:PLATTEVILLE
CT: HARTFORD
DC:WASHINGTON
DE:DOVER
FL:MIAMI
FLrTAMPA
GA:SAVANNAH
HI: HONOLULU
IA:CEDAR RAPIDS
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:MORRIS
IL:W. CHICAGO
KS :TOPEKA
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:LAWRENCE
MD:BALTIMORE
MD:CONOWINGO
ME:AUGUSTA
MI:DETROIT
MI:GRAND RAPIDS
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MN:RED WING
MS : JACKSON
MS:PORT GIBSON
NC:CHARLOTTE
NC:WILMINGTON
ND:BISMARCK
KErLINCOLN
DATE
COLLECTED
10/12/84
10/17/84
10/ 5/84
10/ 3/84
10/ 2/84
10/ 2/84
10/10/84
10/10/84
10/30/84
10/24/84
10/ 4/84
10/ 5/84
10/ 9/84
10/ 1/84
10/23/84
10/15/84
10/22/84
10/ 8/84
11/27/84
10/15/84
10/ 1/84
10/ 1/84
10/ 1/84
10/30/84
10/ 3/84
10/ 4/84
10/ 9/84
10/ 1/84
10/ 8/84
10/17/84
10/12/84
10/11/84
10/ 4/84
10/ 9/84
10/ 8/84
10/ 2/84
10/ 8/84
10/ 9/84

nCi/1
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
3.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2

± 2s
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
                          22

-------
                 TABLE 11 (CONTINUED)

                    DRINKING WATER
                TRITIUM CONCENTRATION

               OCTOBER * DECEMBER 1984
 LOCATION

NH: CONCORD
NJ:TRENTON
NJ:WARETOWN
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:ALBANY
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
NY:SYRACUSE
OH CINCINNATI
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:EAST LIVERPOOL
OH:PAINESVILLE
OH:TOLEDO
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OR ^PORTLAND
PA^COLUMBIA
PA:HARRISBURG
PA .-PITTSBURGH
PC:ANCON
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SC:HARTSVILLE
SC:JENKINSVILLE
SC: SENECA
TN: CHATTANOOGA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TX:AUSTIN
VA:DOSWELL
VA :LYNCHBURG
VA VIRGINIA BEACH
VI:ST. THOMAS
WA:RICHLAND
WA:SEATTLE
WI:GENOA CITY
WI:MADISON
DATE
COLLECTED
10/ 2/84
10/23/84
11/13/84
10/ 4/84
10/ 5/84
10/ 4/84
10/ 2/84
10/29/84
10/ 1/84
10/ 5/84
10/10/84
10/26/84
10/ 2/84
10/ 3/84
10/ 3/84
10/ 4/84
10/ 3/84
10/10/84
10/29/84
10/12/84
ll/ 1/84
10/ 2/84
10/ 8/84
10/12/84
10/17/84
10/11/84
10/ 4/84
10/ 3/84
10/30/84
10/ 5/84
10/12/84
10/17/84
10/ 7/84
10/ 5/84
10/ 9/84
10/11/84

nCi
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0,
0.
0.
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
0
0
0
0.2
      SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
                            23

-------
                                     TABLE  12

                          PLUTONIUM  AND  URANIUM ANALYSES
                                        OF
                     SELECTED  DRINKING WATER COMPOSITE  SAMPLES


LOCATION
CA:LOS ANGELES
CO : DENVER
C():PLATTEVILLE
ID: IDAHO FALLS
IL:MORRIS
IL:W. CHICAGO
KS:TOPEKA
MN:RED WING
MS: PORT GIBSON
ND: BISMARCK
NF:LINCOLN
NV:LAS VEGAS
OH: COLUMBUS
SC:JENKINSVILLE
TN:KNOXVILLE

238
pCI/1
0.024
0.017
0.006
0.013
0.021
0.014
0.014
0.005
0.003
0.002
0.027
.000
0.005
0.067
0.009

Pu
± 2s
0.015
0.013
0.010
0.013
0.016
0.011
0.010
0.006
0.005
0.004
0.057
0.005
0.006
0.063
0.006



-0
-0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-0
0
0
0
0

239
pCi/1
.002
.007
.003
.002
.003
.001
.000
.002
.000
.001
.001
.007
.000
.053
.003
1983
Pu
± 2s
0.008
0.010
0.007
0.007
0.005
0.007
0.007
0.003
0.000
0.002
0.017
0.009
0.000
0.059
0.006

234
pCi/1
4.112
0.913
6.824
0.703
0.504
1.498
0.406
0.303
0.123
0.101
3.357
2.172
0.043
36.880
0.073

U
+ 2s
0.619
0.122
0.688
0.110
0.083
0.172
0.055
0.043
0.025
0.024
0.463
0.249
0.015
3.841
0.019

235
pCl/1
0.304
0.019
0.569
0.027
0.110
0.020
0.021
0.006
0.006
0.010
0.204
0.125
0.006
0.486
0.002

U
+ 2s
0.095
0.010
0.092
0.020
0.033
0.013
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.008
0.077
0.036
0.006
0.136
0.003

238
pCi/1
3.755
0.609
5.231
0.209
0.133
0.103
0.362
0.020
0.048
0.097
2.849
1.641
0.028
8.524
0.043

U
± 2s
0.572
0.088
0.539
0.051
0.038
0.030
0.051
0.009
0.015
0.023
0.408
0.198
0.012
1.003
0.014
THE MINIMUM DETECTABLE LEVEL IS .015 pCi/SAMPLE,  FOR EACH  INDIVIDUAL  ISOTOPE.

 s   SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
                                           24

-------
                    TABLE 13

          IODINE-131 IN DRINKING WATER
                      1984
 LOCATION

AK:FAIRBANKS
AL:DOTI1AN
AL:MONTGOMERY
AL:MUSCLE SHOALS
ALrSCOTTSBORO
ARrLITTLE ROCK
CA: BERKELEY
CArLOS ANGELES
CO: DENVER
COrPLATTEVILLE
CT:HARTFORD
DC:WASHINGTON
DE:DOVER
FL:MIAMI
FL:TAMPA
GA: SAVANNAH
II I: HONOLULU
IA:CEDAR RAPIDS
ID:BOISE
II): IDAHO FALLS
IL:MORRIS
IL:W. CHICAGO
KS :TOPEKA
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:LAWRENCE
MA:ROWE
MD:BALTIMORE
MD:CONOWINGO
ME:AUGUSTA
MI:DETROIT
MI:GRAND RAPIDS
MN ^MINNEAPOLIS
MN:RED WING
MS:JACKSON
MS:PORT GIBSON
MT:HELENA
NC:CHARLOTTE
NC:WILMINGTON
ND:BISMARCK
NE: LINCOLN
DATE
COLLECTED
4/12/84
4/ 6/84
1/10/84
I/ 5/84
I/ 4/84
11 3/84
10/10/84
11 5/84
4/17/84
4/17/84
4/ 5/84
10/ 5/84
I/ 3/84
I/ 3/84
7/16/84
1/10/84
4/18/84
10/ 8/84
5/ 2/84
4/20/84
I/ 4/84
I/ 5/84
I/ 4/84
4/27/84
I/ 4/84
4/24/84
I/ 3/84
1/10/84
11 4/84
I/ 9/84
7/17/84
I/ 3/84
4/10/84
4/ 3/84
1/10/84
I/ 3/84
7/ 9/84
I/ 5/84
I/ 4/84
4/27/84

pCi/1
-0.1
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.1
-1.9
0.1
-0.1
-0.1
0.0
-0.2
0.1
-0.1
0.0
•o.o
0.2
0.0
0.1
-0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2

+ 2s
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
                         25

-------
              TABLE 13 (CONTINUED)

          IODINE-131 IN DRINKING WATER
                      1984
 LOCATION

NH:CONCORD
NJ:TRENTON
NJ:WARETOWN
NVrLAS VEGAS
NY:ALBANY
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
NY:SYRACUSE
Oil: CINCINNATI
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:EAST LIVERPOOL
OH GAINESVILLE
OH :TOLEDO
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
ORrPORTLAND
PA: COLUMBIA
DATE
COLLECTED
4/ 6/84
6/27/84
6/26/84
11 3/84
1/11/84
4/ 5/84
I/ 5/84
1/10/84
I/ 3/84
1/10/84
4/11/84
1/10/84
I/ 4/84
4/ 6/84
I/ 4/84
4/12/84

pCi/1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.6
-0.1
0.1
0.2
-0.2
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.1
-0.1

± 2s
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
                          26

-------
SECTION III.  External Gamma Ambient Monitoring Program

     The external gamma monitoring program, which  began  in  October
1978,  provides  a  continuous  measurement of ambient gamma exposure
rates, including cosmic, at selected sites throughout the continental
United   States.   Data  from  this  program  are  used  to  evaluate
fluctuations in natural background due to variations in environmental
conditions  and  to  provide  a  means  of monitoring any significant
increases in ambient gamma levels due  to  weapons  fallout,  reactor
operations,  etc.   The  program  consists  of approximately 22 sites
representing a wide geographic coverage throughout the country.*
Although exposure measurements at these few  sites  are  not  totally
representative  of  nationwide  exposures, they will be indicative of
national trends.

     The  monitoring  program  utilizes   CaF2:Nn   thermoluminescent
dosimeters(TLD's).    These  dosimeters  are  commercially  available
glass-bulb type dosimeters with energy compensating shields.  A group
of   three  TLD's  is located at each station or site.  Dosimeters are
annealed by the station operator prior to positioning in  the  field.
The  dosimeters  are  returned  to EERF for readout on an approximate
one-month cycle.** Several dosimeters are  annealed  by  the  station
operator  as  controls and returned with the exposed field dosimeters
to correct for any exposures accumulated during shipment.

     Results from the period October - December  1984  are  shown  in
Table 14.
     * Some of these sites may not return dosimeters each period  and
consequently the number of sites listed may vary slightly.
     ** Starting  October,  1984,  this  program  will  change  to  a
quarterly cycle.
                                  27

-------
                               TABLE 14

                       OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1984

            ENVIRONMENTAL GAMMA AMBIENT MONITORING PROGRAM
                                         INTEGRATED       EXPOSURE
     LOCATION          DATE RANGE         EXPOSURE          RATE
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CO: DENVER
FL:ORLANDO
ID:BOISE
IL:CHICAGO
ND: El SMARCK.
NJ:TRENTON
KM:SANTA FE
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:NEW YORK
OH:COLUMBUS
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OR:PORTLAND
PArllARRISBURG
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
TN:KNOXVILLE
VA: RICHMOND
VT:MONTPELIER
                                         MR
100184-
100384-
100284-
100184-
101684-
101884-
100384-
101984-
100484-
100384-
101784-
100184-
101084-
100284-
100184-
101084-
101984-
100284-
100484-
100484-
101184-
10785
10385
10885
10285
11085
10285
10285
10385
10485
10785
12585
10285
11585
11685
10385
10985
10385
10285
10485
10485
11085
19.5
13.1
39.9
11.7
25.7
12.9
22.5
21.8
31.9
19.2
19.2
20.0
20.7
24.2
13.6
25.0
14.6
18.5
21.5
19.7
19.2
MICRO R/HR + 2 s *
8.3
5.9
17.0
5.3
12.5
7.0
10.3
12.0
14.4
8.3
8.0
8.9
8.9
9.5
6.0
11.5
8.0
8.4
9.8
8.9
8.8
7.4
6.3
2.9
8.5
4.1
6.9
5.2
4.7
14.4
5.9
7.2
7.7
4.5
4.1
7.7
7.9
6.6
9.3
7.8
6.3
2.7
*  s = SIGMA ERROR (IN PERCENT)
                                  28

-------
SECTION IV.  Milk Program

                            Pasteurized Milk

     This is a cooperative program of the EPA, ORP and the Dairy  and
Lipid  Products  Branch,  Milk  Sanitation  Section,   Food  and  Drug
Administration.   Milk  is  a  reliable  indicator  of  the   general
population's  intake of radionuclides since it is consumed hy a large
segment of the population and contains several  of  the  biologically
important  contaminants  resulting  from  environmental releases from
nuclear activities.  A primary function of this program is to  obtain
reliable   monitoring   data   relative   to   current   radionuclide
concentrations and determine any long-term trends.

     Monthly samples are collected at 65 sampling sites with  one  or
more located in each state, Puerto Rico, and the Panama Canal.   These
are composite samples representing more than 80 percent of  the  milk
consumed in a given population center.

     These  samples  are   analyzed   for   iodine-131,   barium-140,
cesitiro-137,  and  potassium.  All 65 samples are analyzed annually in
July for strontium-89, and strontium-90.  Also, for the  first   month
of  the  three  quarters  beginning  January,  April  and October, 10
regional composite samples of milk made up  from  the  states  within
each   of   EPA's  10  regions  are  analyzed  for  strontium-89  and
strontium-90.

     Iodine-131, barium-140, cesium-137 and potassium are  determined
by  gamma  spectral  analysis.   Strontium-89  and  strontium-90  are
determined by beta counting a total strontium precipitate  which  has
been chemically separated by ion-exchange.

     The values from the  pasteurized  milk  samples  for  October
December 1984 are shown in Tables 15-17.

     Strontium  values  from  regional  composite  samples  collected
October - December 1984 are shown in Table 18.
                                  29

-------
                                  TABLE 15
             CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
                                OCTOBER 1984
LOCATION

 AL:MONTGOMERY
 AR:LITTLE ROCK
 AZ:PHOENIX
 CArLOS ANGELES
 CA:SACRAMENTO
 CA:SAN FRANCISCO
 CT:HARTFORD
 FL:TAMPA
 GA:ATLANTA
 IA.-DES MOINES
 ID:IDAHO FALLS
 IL:CHICAGO
 IK:INDIANAPOLIS
 KS:WICHITA
 KY:LOUISVILLE
 LA:NEW ORLEANS
 MA:BOSTON
 MD:BALTIMORE
 ME:PORTLAND
 MI rDETROIT
 Ml:GRAND RAPIDS
 MN: MINNEAPOLIS
 MN:ST. PAUL
 MO:KANSAS CITY
 MO:ST. LOUIS
 MS:JACKSON
 MT: HELENA
 NC:CHARLOTTE
 ND:MINOT
 NE:OMAHA
 NH:CONCORD
 NJ:TRENTON
 KV:LAS VEGAS
 NY:BUFFALO
 NY:NEW YORK CITY
 NY:SYRACUSE
 OH:CINCINNATI
 OH:CLEVELAND
DATE
COLLECTED
10/ 4/84
10/ 8/84
10/11/84
10/22/84
10/ 4/84
10/ 4/84
10/ 1/84
10/ 8/84
10/ 1/84
10/ 2/84
10/18/84
10/ 1/84
10/ 9/84
10/ 8/84
10/ 2/84
10/10/84
10/ 2/84
10/ 5/84
10/ 9/84
10/11/84
10/ 8/84
10/ 1/84
10/ 2/84
10/11/84
10/ 3/84
10/ 8/84
10/16/84
10/ 8/84
10/29/84
10/ 5/84
10/ 1/84
10/ 3/84
10/ 8/84
10/ 9/84
10/ 1/84
10/ 1/84
10/ 1/84
10/ 8/84

K

g/l±2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.58
.56
.50
.55
.53
.50
.55
.46
.53
.58
.53
.49
.49
.60
.56
.54
.59
.52
.59
.60
.56
.62
.51
.48
.49
.54
.41
.72
.64
.56
.53
.50
.56
.50
.48
.60
.52
.54
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

s
.13
.13
.09
.13
.13
.12
.13
.12
.13
.13
.09
.12
.12
.13
.13
.13
.13
.13
.09
.13
.09
.24
.13
.08
.12
.13
.12
.24
.13
.13
.13
.12
.13
.08
.12
.13
.13
.13
137
Cs
pCi/l+2s
2
4
-1
-2
-2
2
6
11
3
4
0
6
1
2
0
5
7
4
2
0
5
-3
2
4
0
4
2
5
-3
-3
2
2
2
4
0
5
2
1
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
5
18
7
5
7
7
7
18
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
140
'Ba
pCi/l+2s
-4
2
-2
-1
2
-5
-9
-3
-4
3
0
-2
-6
-3
-3
3
4
2
-1
3
-4
3
-1
3
-2
0
2
5
-6
3
3
1
-6
-2
1
1
1
-5
9
9
6
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
6
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
6
9
6
19
9
6
9
9
9
19
9
9
9
9
9
6
9
9
9
9
131
I
pCi/l+2s
1
7
2
3
2
5
4
2
3
5
1
1
2
3
5
0
6
5
-1
1
0
7
1
3
3
1
-1
4
5
2
-1
-2
2
2
7
-2
-3
2
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
5
14
7
5
7
7
7
14
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
                                         30

-------
                             TABLE 15 (CONTINUED)

             CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK

                                OCTOBER 1984
LOCATION

 OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
 OR:PORTLAND
 PA PITTSBURGH
 PC: CRISTOBAL
 PR:SAN JUAN
 SC:CHARLESTON
 SC:CHARLESTON
 SD:RAPID CITY
 TN:CHATTANOOGA
 TN:KNOXVILLE
 TN:MEMPHIS
 TX:AUSTIN
 UT:SALT LAKE CITY
 VA:NORFOLK
 VT:BURLINGTON
 WA:SEATTLE
 WI:MILWAUKEE
 WV: CHARLESTON
 WYrLARAMIE
DATE
COLLECTED
10/ 1/84
10/ 9/84
10/10/84
10/25/84
10/18/84
10/ 3/84
10/16/84
10/ 8/84
10/ 9/84
10/ 9/84
10/25/84
10/15/84
10/ 8/84
10/10/84
10/ 4/84
10/ 1/84
10/31/84
10/31/84
10/ 4/84

K
IJ/p L41-'Ra J.-IJ.T
OS 1}«J J.
g/l±2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.55
.52
.36
.45
.55
.57
.44
.43
.57
.52
.52
.51
.57
.61
.45
.58
.52
.59
.51
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
s
.13
.13
.12
.12
.13
.13
.12
.12
.13
.13
.09
.09
.09
.13
.12
.13
.13
.09
.13
pCi/l+2s
4
2
2
16
5
1
7
-1
0
2
-1
4
3
1
3
4
5
2
1
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
5
5
7
7
7
7
5
7
pCi/l+2s
-6
-2
-2
-4
-2
-4
3
2
-8
0
-3
-3
-4
-7
-3
-3
-1
2
-1
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
6
6
6
9
9
9
9
6
9
pCi/l+2s
2
5
2
3
-3
-2
4
2
1
-4
0
1
2
8
5
4
1
0
1
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
5
5
7
7
7
7
5
7
NS   NO SAMPLE
s    SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
                                         31

-------
                                  TABLE 16
             CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
                                NOVEMBER 1984
LOCATION

 AK:ANCHORAGE
 AL:MONTGOMERY
 AR:LITTLE ROCK
 AZ:PHOENIX
 CA:LOS ANGELES
 CA:SACRAMENTO
 CA:SAN FRANCISCO
 CO:DENVER
 CO .'DENVER
 CT:HARTFORD
 FL:TAMPA
 GA:ATLANTA
 HI: HONOLULU
 IA:DES MOINES
 ID:IDAHO FALLS
 IL:CHICAGO
 IN:INDIANAPOLIS
 KS:WICHITA
 KY:LOUISVILLE
 LArNEW ORLEANS
 MA:BOSTON
 MD:BALTIMORE
 ME:PORTLAND
 MI .'.DETROIT
 MI:CRAND RAPIDS
 MN:MINNEAPOLIS
 MN:ST. PAUL
 MO:KANSAS CITY
 MO:ST. LOUIS
 MS:JACKSON
 MT:HELENA
 NC:CHARLOTTE
 ND:MINOT
 NH:MANCHESTER
 NJ:TRENTON
 NM:ALBUQUERQUE
 N\7:LAS VEGAS
 NY:BUFFALO
DATE
COLLECTED
ll/ 1/84
III 8/84
ll/ 5/84
ll/ 8/84
11/26/84
ll/ 2/84
ll/ 2/84
ll/ 1/84
11/30/84
ll/ 5/84
11/13/84
ll/ 2/84
ll/ 7/84
ll/ 1/84
ll/ 8/84
ll/ 5/84
ll/ 5/84
ll/ 5/84
ll/ 7/84
11/19/84
ll/ 6/84
ll/ 2/84
ll/ 6/84
ll/ 8/84
ll/ 6/84
ll/ 5/84
ll/ 5/84
ll/ 9/84
ll/ 7/84
ll/ 8/84
ll/ 8/84
ll/ 6/84
11/26/84
III 5/84
ll/ 7/84
11/26/84
ll/ 6/84
11/13/84

K


g/l+2s
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.83
.72
.53
.62
.53
.51
.54
.44
.44
.59
.68
.56
.52
.47
.58
.57
.51
.48
.67
.48
.57
.55
.62
.59
.63
.54
.77
.46
.54
.47
.52
.71
.56
.51
.59
.43
.57
.57
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.17
.13
.13
.13
.13
.12
.13
.12
.08
.13
.13
.13
.13
.07
.13
.09
.12
.12
.13
.12
.09
.13
.13
.13
.13
.13
.25
.12
.13
.12
.09
.24
.13
.12
.09
.12
.09
.13
137
Cs
pCi/l+2si
3
4
4
7
1
6
4
6
2
2
5
6
-2
3
0
0
6
3
1
1
2
1
6
-4
1
3
16
3
-2
5
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
13
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
4
7
5
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
18
7
7
7
5
18
7
7
5
7
5
7
140
Ba
pCi/l+2s
1
-4
-3
-6
-9
-3
4
2
1
-3
-2
>3
-4
-2
-1
-1
-5
3
-8
3
-2
-3
-7
0
-4
-2
7
0
-5
-4
-3
11
-2
-2
-2
-5
0
-6
13
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
6
9
9
9
9
5
9
6
9
9
9
9
6
9
9
9
9
9
19
9
9
9
6
19
9
9
6
9
6
9
131
I
pCi/l+2s
2
-4
1
3
8
2
4
1
6
5
-3
0
2
0
-4
1
-1
0
0
-1
2
-1
5
2
4
0
-2
0
2
5
2
2
9
3
2
5
1
-1
10
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
4
7
5
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
14
7
7
7
5
14
7
7
5
7
5
7
                                         32

-------
                             TABLE 16 (CONTINUED)

             CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZE!) MILK

                                NOVEMBER 1984
LOCATION

 NY:NEW YORK CITY
 NY:SYRACUSE
 OH:CINCINNATI
 OH:CLEVELAND
 OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
 PA PHILADELPHIA
 PA:PITTSBURGH
 PC:CRISTOBAL
 PR:SAN JUAN
 SC:CHARLESTON
 SD.-RAPID CITY
 TN:CHATTANOOGA
 TN:KNOXVILLE
 TN:MEMPHIS
 TX:AUSTIN
 UT:SALT LAKE CITY
 VA:NORFOLK
 VT:BURLINGTON
 WA:SEATTLE
 WlrMILWAUKEE
 WYrLARAMIE
DATE
COLLECTED
ll/ 5/84
III 5/84
ll/ 5/84
III 7/84
III 5/84
11/13/84
III 7/84
11/29/84
III 9/84
11/28/84
ll/ 5/84
ll/ 5/84
III 5/84
11/28/84
III 7/84
III 7/84
11/16/84
III 2/84
III 9/84
11/30/84
11/11/84

K


g/l±2s
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.56
.58
.54
.56
.49
.49
.74
.48
.50
.57
.61
.67
.64
.54
.49
.66
.63
.48
.56
.65
.69
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.13
.13
.13
.13
.09
.12
.24
.12
.12
.13
.13
.13
.09
.13
.12
.13
.09
.12
.13
.09
.13
137
Cs
pCi/l+2s
0
2
3
-1
3
0
-3
19
6
9
-3
2
5
4
2
0
2
4
-1
1
3
7
7
7
7
5
7
18
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
5
7
7
5
7
140
Ba
pCi/l+2s
-7
-11
-2
0
0
-1
-5
-5
-1
2
-1
-2
-6
-4
-6
-6
-2
0
0
-5
-6
9
9
9
9
6
9
18
9
9
9
9
9
6
9
9
9
6
9
9
6
9
131
I
pCi/l+2s
3
4
2
4
4
2
-2
0
3
0
1
5
3
-1
2
1
0
1
4
3
-1
7
7
7
7
5
7
14
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
5
7
7
5
7
NS   NO SAMPLE
S    SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
                                          33

-------
                                  TABLE 17
             CONCENTRATIONS OF RAUIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
                                DECEMBER 1984
LOCATION

 AL:MONTGOMERY
 AR:LITTLE ROCK
 AZ:PHOENIX
 CA:LOS ANGELES
 CA:SACRAMENTO
 CArSAN FRANCISCO
 CO :DENVER
 CT:IIARTFORD
 FL:TAMPA
 GA:ATLANTA
 111: HONOLULU
 IA:DES HOINES
 ID:IDAHO FALLS
 IL:CHICAGO
 IN:INDIANAPOLIS
 KS:WICHITA
 KY:LOUISVILLE
 MA:BOSTON
 MD: BALTIMORE
 ME:PORTLAND
 MI:DETROIT
 MI:GRAND RAPIDS
 MN:MINNEAPOLIS
 MN:ST. PAUL
 MO:KANSAS CITY
 MO:ST. LOUIS
 MS :JACKSON
 NC:CHARLOTTE
 ND:MINOT
 NE .-OMAHA
 NH:MANCHESTER
 NJ:TRENTON
 NM:ALBUQUERQUE
 NV:LAS VEGAS
 NY:BUFFALO
 NY:NEW YORK CITY
 NY:SYRACUSE
 OH .-CINCINNATI
DATE
COLLECTED
127 7/84
12/ 4/84
12/ 6/84
12/18/84
12/ 6/84
12/ 3/84
11/30/84
12/ 3/84
12/11/84
12/ 3/84
12/ 1/84
12/ 4/84
12/ 6/84
127 3/84
12/ 3/84
12/10/84
12/ 3/84
12/ 4/84
12/ 7/84
12/ 4/84
12/ 6/84
127 3/84
12/ 3/84
127 4/84
127 6/84
127 5/84
127 3/84
12/12/84
12/13/84
127 7/84
127 3/84
127 5/84
127 3/84
127 3/84
127 3/84
127 3/84
127 3/84
127 4/84

K

8/l±2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.60
.48
.59
.48
.64
.55
.43
.52
.49
.57
.57
.47
.58
.55
.49
.51
.54
.61
.60
.83
.59
.55
.55
.52
.51
.55
.43
.77
.49
.41
.57
.51
.55
.46
.57
.57
.54
.52
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

s
.13
.08
.13
.08
.13
.13
.12
.13
.12
.13
.13
.12
.13
.13
.12
.12
.13
.13
.09
.25
.13
.13
.13
.13
.12
.13
.12
.24
.12
.07
.09
.09
.13
.12
.09
.13
.13
.09
137
Cs
pCi/l+2s
2
4
4
2
0
2
1
0
11
0
-1
4
3
5
7
-3
5
2
2
12
-1
7
2
-1
1
5
7
16
1
3
6
3
4
4
4
2
-2
-6
7
5
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
18
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
18
7
4
5
5
7
7
5
7
7
5
140
Ba
pCi/l+2s
-5
-5
2
-4
0
-1
1
-3
-8
1
1
2
4
-1
5
-1
0
-7
0
14
-1
-1
-5
0
-1
-2
-3
-8
-3
0
-2
2
-5
0
-7
1
-1
6
9
6
9
6
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
6
19
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
18
9
5
6
6
9
9
6
9
9
6
131
I
pCi/l+2s
3
1
2
0
4
-1
2
1
8
-6
8
3
3
0
6
-2
3
7
6
3
0
2
2
5
5
-2
1
10
6
4
4
2
1
2
4
2
0
2
7
5
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
14
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
14
7
4
5
5
7
7
5
7
7
5
                                         34

-------
                             TABLE 17 (CONTINUED)

             CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK

                                DECEMBER 1984
LOCATION

 OH:CLEVELAND
 OR:PORTLAND
 PA:PHILADELPHIA
 PA:PITTSBURGH
 PC: CRISTOBAL
 PR:SAN JUAN
 3D:RAPID CITY
 TN:CHATTANOOGA
 TKiKNOXVILLE
 TN:MEMPHIS
 TX:AUSTIN
 UTrSALT LAKE CITY
 VA:NORFOLK
 VT:BURLINGTON
 WA:SEATTLE
 WI: MILWAUKEE
 WV:CHARLESTON
 WY:LARAMIE
DATE
COLLECTED
12/10/84
12/ 3/84
12/ 3/84
12/ 5/84
12/20/84
12/13/84
12/ 5/84
12/ 3/84
12/ 3/84
12/27/84
12/ 3/84
12/ 3/84
12/13/84
12/ 3/84
12/ 4/84
11/30/84
12/18/84
12/ 4/84

K

g/l±2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.55
.48
.54
.46
.54
.49
.60
.64
.45
.53
.45
.56
.51
.56
.56
.64
.50
.60
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

s
.13
.12
.13
.24
.09
.12
.13
.13
.12
.13
.12
.13
.12
.09
.09
.13
.12
.13
137
Cs
pCi/l+2s
2
1
0
2
12
5
3
2
4
1
3
3
4
5
2
3
3
-1
7
7
7
18
5
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
5
7
7
7
140
Ba
pCi/l+2s
-6
2
3
12
-2
0
-1
-3
2
-7
4
-6
-6
2
"2
-6
2
-3
9
9
9
19
6
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
6
6
9
9
9
131
I
pCi/l+2s
-1
6
1
6
2
5
3
0
-3
-1
0
5
5
3
0
1
3
2
7
7
7
14
5
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
5
7
7
7
NS   NO SAMPLE
S    SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
                                         35

-------
                     TABLE 18

STRONTIUM-90 AND STRONTIUM-S9 IN PASTEURIZED MILK

             EPA REGIONAL COMPOSITES

             OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1984
EPA                    90Sr             89Sr
REGION               pCi/1 + 2s       pCi/1 + 2s*

 I                   2.1  0.6          1   1
 II                  2.1  0.7          1   1
 III                 2.1  0.7          1   1
 IV                  2.6  0.9         -11
 V                   2.2  0.6          1   1
 VI                  2.5  0.7          01
 VII                 2.4  0.9          02
 VIII                1.4  0.6          1   2
 IX                  0.6  0.8          11
 X                   1.1  0.7          0   2
        SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
        ANALYTICAL ERROR TERM WHICH CLOSELY APPROXIMATES
        THE COUNTING ERROR
                          36

-------
                           Cajrhoii^14_ in Milk

     Nine  stations,   chosen  for  wide  geographical   distribution,
contribute  milk  samples  for  annual analysis for carbon-14.  These
samples have  monitored  the  carbon-14  levels  in  the  food  chain
resulting from nuclear testing.

     Analysis  consists  of  combusting  the  samples  and  measuring
released carbon dioxide through  liquid scintillation.

     Data will be published as it becomes available.
                                  37

-------
     ENVIRONMENTAL  RADIATION  DATA  (ERD)   is   published    quarterly
(January,   April,  July,   October)  by  the U.    S.    Environmenta

Protection Agency's Office of Radiation Programs.

     Requests for information concerning publication and distribution
of ERT) should be directed  to:

                            Charles M.  Petko
                        Technical Support Branch
                Eastern Environmental Radiation  Facility
                           1890 Federal Drive
                       Montgomery,  Alabama   36109

     Requests for  information  concerning   the  operation   of  ERAMS
should be directed to:

                       Charles R. Phillips,  Chief
               Monitoring  and Analytical Services Branch
                Eastern Environmental Radiation  Facility
                           1890 Federal Drive
                       Montgomery,  Alabama   36109
                                 or  to:
                         James W. Gunter, Chief
                  Environmental Studies and Statistics
               Analysis  and Support Division  (ANR-461)
                 U.  S. Environmental Protection Agency
                         Waterside Mall East
                           401 M Street, SW
                         Washington, DC   20460
                                 ***

-------