United States Eastern Environmental EPA 520/5-85-030 Environmental Protection Radiation Facility June 1985 Agency ^89Q Federal Drive Montgomery, AL 36109 Radiation &EPA Environmental Radiation Data Report 41 January - March 1985 ------- ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION DATA REPORT 41 January - March 1985 UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Office of Radiation Programs ------- Preface Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is compiled and distributed quarterly by the Office of Radiation Programs' Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility (EERF), Montgomery, Alabama, and contains data from the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS). Data from similar networks operated by contributing States, Canada, Mexico, and the Pan American Health Organization are reported in the ERD when available. ERAMS was established in 1973 by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Radiation Programs (ORP). The ERAMS is comprised of nationwide sampling stations that provide air, surface and drinking water, and milk samples from which environmental radiation levels are derived. The major emphasis for ERAMS is toward identifying trends in the accumulation of long-lived radionuclides in the environment. Sampling locations are selected to provide optimal population coverage while functioning to monitor fallout from nuclear devices and other forms of radioactive contamination of the environment. The radiation analyses performed on these samples include gross alpha and gross beta levels, gamma analyses for fission products, and specific analyses for uranium, plutonium, strontium, iodine, radium, krypton, and tritium. This monitoring effort also provides ancillary information on natural background levels and on releases into the environment from stationary sources such as nuclear power reactors, fuel fabrication facilities, and reprocessing plants. The radiochemical procedures used by the EERF in processing the ERAMS samples are contained in Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility Rad iochemi stry Procedures Manual. in ------- ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION DATA CONTENTS Page DATA - Reporting Rationale and Procedures - Table of Reporting Increments and Minimum Detectable Levels vii ix DATA - ERAMS SECTION I. Air Program 1 1. Airborne Particulates 1 and Precipitation 2. Plutonium and Uranium in 13 Airborne Particulates and Precipitation 3. Krypton-85 17 SECTION II. Water Program 18 1. Surface Water 18 2. Drinking Water 21 SECTION III. External Gamma Ambient Monitoring Program 24 ------- SECTION IV. Milk Program 26 1. Pasteurized Milk 26 2. Strontium-89 and -90 in Milk 26 3. Carbon-14 in Milk 34 VI ------- DATA - Reporting Rationale and Procedures In 1973, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Radiation Programs, established the Environmental Radiation Monitoring Systeni(ERAMS) to provide continuous, accurate, and usable environmental radiation data to the public. For completeness, ERAMS data for all specific radionuclide analyses are reported as the counting results indicate, whether the numbers are negative, zero, or positive. Reporting Rationale Frequently, concentrations of a radionuclide in environmental media are close to zero. When the actual concentration of a nuclide is zero, the net counting results should statistically show a distribution of negative and positive numbers about zero. This occurs when the background count is subtracted from a sample which has only background activity. Prior to July 1975, ERAMS data were not reported numerically when the results were less than a specified reporting level or minimum detectable level. The present reporting procedure allows all the data to be reported and evaluated statistically without an arbitrary cutoff of small or negative numbers. This approach will facilitate estimates of bias in the nuclide analyses and will allow better evaluation of distributions and trends in environmental data. When reviewing the data in this report, caution should be exercised in the interpretation of individual negative values. Obviously, a negative activity value has no physical significance. Such numbers, however, are significant when taken together with other observations which indicate that the true value of a distribution is near zero. When an average of many measurements produces a result less than zero, this indicates a negative bias in the measurement procedure. (1) Reported Valuejs Specific Analysejs ~ ^^ specific radionuclide analyses will be reported as the counting, results indicate, whether the number is negative, zero, or positive. All reported values are corrected for decay to the collection date. VI1 ------- Potassium concentrations are determined by specific activity analyses. Gross Analyses - The actual value of gross radioactivity measurements will be reported, unless the value is below the minimum detectable level (MDL) at the 2 sigma confidence level, then < minimum detectable level will be reported. MDL is defined as the 3 sigma error of the background. A tabulation of MDL's is given in the following table. (2) Reported Error Terms Each reported value for specific analyses will be accompanied by a counting error term at the 2 sigma (95%) confidence interval. Error terms are therefore reported as counting errors. At the very low levels characteristic of most ERAMS measurements, counting error is the greatest contributor to overall error. (3) Significant Figures All reported values will be rounded to no more than three significant figures. The last significant figure will be increased by one if the figure following is five or greater, otherwise it is left unchanged. (4) Reporting Levels The reporting units, smallest increments for reporting, and minimum detectable levels for each isotope are shown in Table 1. Smallest increments are sometimes considerably smaller than minimum detectable amounts to avoid truncation errors in averaging. (5) Averages Averages will be calculated along with appropriate error terms in an annual summary and analysis of ERAMS data. In calculating these averages, all values of individual data including negative numbers will be utilized. Averages will not be included in ERD quarterly reports. vm ------- TABLE 1 ERAMS Reporting Increments and Minimum Detectable Levels for Radionuclide Analyses Radionuclide Gross alpha Gross beta Tritium Carbon-14 Krypton-85 Plutonium-238, 239 Uranium-234, 235,238 Radium-226 Reporting Media Units Water Air Water Precipitation Water Milk Milk Ambient Air Air Milk Water Air Milk Water Water pCi/1 pCi/m3 pCi/1 nCi/m2 nCi/1 nCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/m3 aCi/m3 pCi/1 pCi/1 aCi/m3 pCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 Reporting Increments 1 pCi/1 .01 PCi/m3 1 pCi/1 .01 nCi/m2 .1 nCi/1 .1 nCi/1 1 pCi/1 .1 pCi/m3 .1 aCi/m3 .001 pCi/1 .001 pCi/1 .1 aCi/m3 .001 pCi/1 .001 pCi/1 .1 pCi/1 Minimum Detectable Levels 2 pCi/1 .01 PCi/m3 1 pCi/1 .01 nCi/m2(a) .2 nCi/1 .2 nCi/1 15 pCi/1 2 pCi/m3 .015 pCi(b) per sample .015 pCi per sample .015 pCi per sample .015 pCi(b) per sample .015 pCi per sample .015 pCi per sample .1 pCi/1 ------- Radionuclide Strontium-90 Strontium-89 Iodine-131 Iodine-129 Cesiutn-137 Bariutn-140 Potassium Potassium-40 Media Milk Water Milk Milk Water Water (specific Milk Milk Water Milk Water Milk Water Water Reporting Units pCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 radiochemical fCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 PCi/l pCi/1 g/1 8/1 pCi/1 Reporting Increments .1 pCi/1 .1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 .1 pCi/1 analysis) .1 fCi/1 1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 .1 g/1 .1 g/1 1 pCi/1 Minimum Detectable Levels 1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 5 pCi/l(c) 10 pCi/l(c) 10 PCi/l(c) .4 pCi/1 .4 fCi/1 10 pCi/1 10 pCi/1 10 pCi/l(c) 10 pCi/l(c) .12 g/1 .12 g/1 100 pCi/1 (a) The value in terms of nCi/m2 would be dependent on precipitation (mia). (b) This value in terms of pCi/m3 would be dependent on the air volume. (c) Activity as of the day of counting. ------- DATA - EPA ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION AMBIENT MONITORING SYSTEM (ERAMS) SECTION I. Air Program Airborne Particulates and P r e c i pitation Gross beta radioactivity measurements and certain specific analyses are performed on air particulates and precipitation samples as indicator measurements in assessing the general (national) impact of all contributing sources on environmental levels of radiation. Airborne particulates are collected continuously at field stations representing wide geographic coverage, including present and potential sources of environmental radioactivity. Sampling sites are located throughout the United States. Filters ( 10-cm diameter synthetic fiber ) from air samplers are changed twice weekly and field measurements are made with a G-M survey meter at 5 hours and 29 hours after collection to allow for radon and thoron daughter product decay. Field estimates are reported to appropriate EPA officials by telephone or mail depending on the activity levels found. The filters are sent to EERF for more sensitive analyses in a low background beta counter. Gamma scans are performed on all filters showing laboratory gross beta counts greater than 1 pCi/m^. The laboratory obtained values are usually lower than the field estimates due to the decay of naturally occuring radionuclides between the times of the two measurements. Precipitation samples are collected at these field stations collecting air filters. These samples are also sent to EERF where they are composited monthly for gamma scans, tritium, and gross beta activity measurements. Plutonium-238, -239, and uranium-234, -235, and -238 analyses are performed on samples which exceed 2 pCi/liter gross alpha. ------- Tables 2-4 present the monthly average gross beta concentrations in airborne particulates for January - March 1985 Tables 5-7 present the monthly average gross beta concentration in precipitation January - March 1985. The tritium in precipitation samples for January - March 1985 at the selected stations are shown in Table 8. A compilation of individual measurements is available from the EPA, EERF, Montgomery, AL 36109. ------- TABLE 2 AIRBORNE PARTICULATES GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION JANUARY 1985 LOCATION # SAM AL:ASHFORD AL:MONTGOMERY AR:LITTLE ROCK AZ:TEMPE CA:BERKELEY CA:LOS ANGELES COrDENVER CT:HARTFORD DE:WILMINGTON FL:JACKSONVILLE FL:MIAMI HI:HONOLULU IA:IOWA CITY ID:BOISE ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO IN:INDIANAPOLIS KS:TOPEKA ME:AUGUSTA MI:LANSING MN:MINNEAPOLIS MO:JEFFERSON CITY MS:JACKSON NC:CHARLOTTE NC:WILMINGTON ND:BISMARCK NH:CONCORD NJ:TRENTON NV:LAS VEGAS NY:ALBANY NY:NEW YORK CITY NY .-NIAGARA FALLS NY:SYRACUSE NY:YAPHANK OH:COLUMBUS OH:PAINESVILLE OH:TOLEDO OK:OKLAHOMA CITY 5-HR FIELD ESTIMATE MAX MIN AVG (pCi/n)3) EERF LAB MEASUREMENT MAX MIN AVG (PCi/m3) 5 7 7 5 8 8 4 8 8 8 8 7 8 8 7 9 1 5 8 9 7 8 8 7 9 7 9 8 8 5 7 8 7 8 6 8 8 5 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.9 0.1 0.7 2.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.5 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 ------- TABLE 2 (CONTINUED) LOCATION OR: PORTLAND PArGOLDSBORO PA:HARRISBURG RI:PROVIDENCE SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA SD:PIERRE TN:KNOXVILLE TN:NASHVILLE TX:AUSTIN TX:EL PASO VA:LYNCHBURG WA:SEATTLE WA:SPOKANE WI:MADISON WV:CHARLESTON AIRBORNE PARTICULATES GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION JANUARY 1985 # SAM 5-HR FIELD ESTIMATE MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) EERF LAB MEASUREMENT MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) 6 6 5 4 2 9 7 6 4 6 6 8 3 8 9 4 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.8 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES - .1 pCi/tn3 MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT - .01 pCi/m3 ------- TABLE 3 AIRBORNE PARTICULATES GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION FEBRUARY 1985 LOCATION # SAM AL:MONTGOMERY AR:LITTLE ROCK AZrTEMPE CA:BERKELEY CA:LOS ANGELES CO:DENVER CT:HARTFORD DE: WILMINGTON: FL:JACKSONVILLE FLrMIAMI HI:HONOLULU IA:IOWA CITY ID:BOISE ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO IN:INDIANAPOLIS KS:TOPEKA ME:AUGUSTA MI:LANSING MN:MINNEAPOLIS MO:JEFFERSON CITY MS:JACKSON NC:CHARLOTTE NC:WILMINGTON ND:BISMARCK NH:CONCORD NJ:TRENTON NV:LAS VEGAS NY:ALBANY NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS NY .'SYRACUSE NY.-YAPHANK OH:COLUMBUS OH:PAINESVILLE OH:TOLEDO OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OR:PORTLAND 5-HR FIELD ESTIMATE MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) EERF LAB MEASUREMENT MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) 8 7 7 8 8 8 8 6 8 8 8 8 7 7 8 3 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 7 8 4 8 8 5 7 9 8 8 8 8 0.6 0.1 2.0 0.0 1.3 4.7 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2' 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.1 1.0 0.0 0.6 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0..01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 O.,01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 6.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 5 ------- TABLE 3 (CONTINUED) AIRBORNE PARTICULATES GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION FEBRUARY 1985 LOCATION # SAM 5-HR FIELD ESTIMATE MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) EERF LAB MEASUREMENT MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) PArGOLDSBORO PA:HARRISBURG RI:PROVIDENCE SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA SD:PIERRE TN.-KNOXVILLE TN:NASHVILLE TX:AUSTIN VA:LYNCHBURG VA:VIRGINIA BEACH WA:SPOKANE WI:MADISON WV:CHARLESTON MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES - .1 pCi/nr3 MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT - .01 pCi/m3 8 4 5 2 8 8 6 3 7 8 2 8 7 6 0.1 0.1 0-2 0.0 0.3 2.7 1.2 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 1.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 6 ------- TABLE 4 AIRBORNE PARTICULATES GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION MARCH 1985 LOCATION # SAM ALrASHFORD AL:MONTGOMERY AR:LITTLE ROCK AZrTEMPE CA: BERKELEY CA:LOS ANGELES CO:DENVER CT:HARTFORD DE:WI''LMINGTON FL:JACKSONVILLE FLrMIAMI HI:HONOLULU IA:IOWA CITY ID:BOISE ID-.IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO IN:INDIANAPOLIS KS:TOPEKA ME:AUGUSTA MI:LANSING MN MINNEAPOLIS MO:JEFFERSON CITY MS:JACKSON NC:CHARLOTTE NC:WILMINGTON ND:BISMARCK NH:CONCORD NJ:TRENTON MM:SANTA FE NV:LAS VEGAS NY:ALBANY NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS NY:SYRACUSE NY:YAPHANK OH:COLUMBUS OH:PAINESVILLE OH:TOLEDO 5-HR FIELD ESTIMATE MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) EERF LAB MEASUREMENT MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) 4 9 8 9 9 9 8 8 7 5 9 8 9 9 9 7 9 8 4 8 8 9 8 8 8 9 9 8 8 8 3 9 9 5 9 8 8 8 0.0 0.6 0.1 2.6 0.0 0.5 1.0 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.3 1.9 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.1 1.6 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 ------- TABLE 4 (CONTINUED) AIRBORNE PARTICULATES GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION MARCH 1985 LOCATION # SAM 5-HR FIELD ESTIMATE MAX MIN AVG EERF LAB MEASUREMENT MAX MIN AVG (PCi/m3) OK OR PA PA PA RI SC SC SD TN TN TX TX VA VA WA WA WI WV : OKLAHOMA CITY : PORTLAND :GOLDSBORO :HARRISBURG : PITTSBURGH : PROVIDENCE : BARNWELL : COLUMBIA : PIERRE rKNOXVILLE : NASHVILLE :AUSTIN :EL PASO :LYNCHBURG : VIRGINIA BEACH : SEATTLE .•SPOKANE : MADISON : CHARLESTON 7 9 8 8 7 6 2 9 8 8 4 9 7 8 2 2 8 9 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 .5 .0 .2 .5 .1 .5 .2 .6 .3 .9 .3 .3 .4 .6 .1 .0 .4 .3 .4 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (pCi/m3) .01 .01 .02 .01 .01 .01 .00 .02 .02 .02 .01 .01 .04 .01 .01 .00 .02 .01 .01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .01 .00 .01 .01 .01 .01 .00 .01 .01 .00 .01 .01 .01 .00 .01 .00 .00 .00 .00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0,01 0.01 MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES - .1 pCi/nT MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT - .01 pCi/m3 ------- TABLE 5 GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION JANUARY 1985 LOCATION AL:MONTGOMERY AR:LITTLE ROCK CA:BERKELEY CT:HARTFORD FL:JACKSONVILLE FL:MIAMI ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO MI:LANSING MN:MINNEAPOLIS MS:JACKSON ND:BISMARCK NJ:TRENTON NV:LAS VEGAS NY:ALBANY NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS OH:PAINESVILLE PA:HARRISBURG SCiBARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA TX:AUSTIN VA.-LYNCHBURG WA:SEATTLE WI:MADISON DEPTH (mm) 105.0 70.8 7.8 15.0 16.0 10.0 20.5 27.0 56.5 8.0 43.1 14.9 23.0 10.0 11.5 21.1 43.7 61.3 86.3 23.8 71.3 33.3 55.0 32.5 111.5 ACT. ± 2s (nCi/m2) 0.26 0.10 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.24 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.24 0.19 0.08 0.09 0.02 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.06 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.01 •0.03 0.02 0.06 SPECIFIC GAMMA ACT. (pCi/1) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR ------- TABLE 6 GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION FEBRUARY 1985 LOCATION AL:MONTGOMERY AR:LITTLE ROCK CA:BERKELEY CO:DENVER CT:HARTFORD FL:JACKSONVILLE FL:MIAMI ID:BOISE ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO MI-.LANSING MN:MINNEAPOLIS MS:JACKSON NJ:TRENTON NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS OH:PAINESVILLE OH:TOLEDO OR:PORTLAND PA:HARRISBURG PA:MIDDLETOWN SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA TN:NASHVILLE TX:AUSTIN VA:LYNCHBURG WA:SEATTLE WI:MADISON DEPTH ACT. + 2s (mm) (nCi/m2) SPECIFIC GAMMA ACT. (pCi/1) 137.5 66.3 19.2 4.5 6.2 34.1 6.2 8.0 5.0 22.4 167.0 5.7 118.1 17.7 19.7 78.5 71.9 25.0 93.7 30.8 8.3 36.3 210.0 33.3 37.5 55.0 2,8 57.5 0.31 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.16 ,0.02 0.11 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.13 0.31 0.01 0.13 0.11 0.01 0.09 0.73 0.07 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.07 0.08 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.07 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.13 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.03 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 10 ------- TABLE 7 GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION MARCH 1985 LOCATION AL: MONTGOMERY AR:LITTLE ROCK AZ: PHOENIX CA: BERKELEY CO: DENVER CT: HARTFORD FL: JACKSONVILLE FL:MIAMI ID:BOISE ID: IDAHO FALLS IL: CHIC AGO MI :LANSING MN: MINNEAPOLIS MS: JACKSON ND: BISMARCK NJ : TRENTON NY: ALBANY NY: NEW YORK CITY NY: NIAGARA FALLS OH: COLUMBUS OH:PAINESVILLE OH: TOLEDO OR: PORTLAND PA: HARRIS BURG PA:MIDDLETOWN SC:BARNWELL SC: COLUMBIA TN: NASHVILLE TX: AUSTIN VA:LYNCHBURG VA: VIRGINIA BEACH WA: SEATTLE WIrMADISON DEPTH (mm) 57.5 129.5 10.0 115.7 3.5 28.1 39.1 42.5 25.3 24.5 70.8 157.9 47.7 28.1 36.1 24.1 17.8 34.0 101.7 18.7 131.3 42.5 71.8 79.5 20.0 23.8 23.0 8.0 67.5 38.8 28.0 35.0 57.5 ACT. ± 2s (nCi/m2) 0.10 0.10 0.02 0.08 0.03 0.07 0.12 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.18 0.32 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.07 0.06 0.01 0.31 0.05 0.09 0.08 0.03 0.07 0.18 0.01 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.07 0.01 0.05 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.08 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.08 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.03 ND NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR SPECIFIC GAMMA ACT. (pCi/1) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 11 ------- TABLE 8 PRECIPITATION TRITIUM CONCENTRATION JANUARY - MARCH 1985 LOCATION AL:MONTGOMERY AR:LITTLE ROCK AZ:PHOENIX CA:BERKELEY CO:DENVER CT:HARTFORD FL:JACKSONVILLE FL:MIAMI ID:BOISE ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO MI:LANSING MN:MINNEAPOLIS MS:JACKSON ND:BISMARCK NJ:TRENTON NV:LAS VEGAS NY:ALBANY NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS OH:COLUMBUS OH:PAINESVILLE OH:TOLEDO OR .'PORTLAND PA:HARRISBURG PA:MIDDLETOWN SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA TN:NASHVILLE TX:AUSTIN VA:LYNCHBURG VA:VIRGINIA BEACH WA:SEATTLE WI:MADISON JANUARY nCi/1 4- 2s 0. 0. NS 0. NS 0. 0. 0. NS 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. NS 0. NS NS 0. NS 0. 0. NS 0. 0. NS 0. 0. 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 7 3 1 2 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 FEBRUARY nCi/1 + 2s 0. 0. NS 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. NS 0. NS NS 0. 0. NS 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 2. 0. 0. 0. 0. NS 0. 0. 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 5 3 1 I 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 MARCH nCi/1 + 2s 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. NS 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 2 2 '2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 5 3 2 1 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 b 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 NS NO SAMPLE s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 112 ------- Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates Environmental radiation levels of plutonium and uranium are determined by the analyses of quarterly composited samples (air filters) collected from the continuously operating airborne particulate samplers. Concentration of the specific isotopes of plutonium-238, -239, and uranium-234, -235, and -238 are determined by alpha spectroscopy following chemical separation. The volume of air represented by the quarterly composite ranges from 25,000 to 40,000 m^ Plutonium and uranium in airborne particulates data for January -March 1984 are shown in Table 9. Table 9.1 contains the results of plutonium and uranium analyses on selected precipitation composite samples for 1984. The composite samples reflected in Table 9.1 are those ERAMS air stations that have the longest history of continuous collection. 13 ------- TABLE 9 PLUTONIUM AND URANIUM IN AIRBORNE PARTICULATES JANUARY - MARCH 1984 COMPOSITES LOCATION AL:MONTGOMERY CA:BERKELEY CArLOS ANGELES CT:HARTFORD DE:WILMINGTON FL:JACKSONVILLE FL:MIAMI GA:ATLANTA HI:HONOLULU IA:IOWA CITY ID:BOISE ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO KS:TOPEKA ME:AUGUSTA MI:LANSING MN:MINNEAPOLIS MO:JEFFERSON CITY MS:JACKSON ND:BISMARCK NH:CONCORD NV:LAS VEGAS NY:ALBANY NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS NY:SYRACUSE OH:COLUMBUS OH:PAINESVILLE OH:TOLEDO OR .'PORTLAND PA:HARRISBURG PA:THREE MILE ISL RI:PROVIDENCE SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA SD:PIERRE TN:KNOXVILLE TNfNASHVILLE TX:AUSTIN TX:EL PASO 238 Pu 239 Pu aCi/m3+ 2s aCi/m3+ ', 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 o -0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 -0 0 .8 .1 .0 .1 .2 .3 .2 .2 .1 ,3 .0 .9 .4 .1 .8 .3 .3 .0 .8 .0 .1 .5 .2 .7 .4 .5 .1 .5 .3 .3 .1 .5 .1 .6 ,3 .0 .2 .2 .3 .4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 .7 .4 .5 .7 .7 .4 .3 .8 .4 .4 .3 .9 .8 .4 .0 .5 .4 .3 .8 .5 .3 .6 .5 .7 .6 .8 .2 .5 .8 .5 .4 .6 .4 .1 .4 .4 .4 .2 .7 .7 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 .1 .6 .6 .4 .4 .9 .1 .9 .3 .5 .8 .4 .9 .1 .6 .7 .5 .2 .9 .0 .6 .3 .5 .6 .4 .4 .5 .7 .7 .9 .7 .1 .7 .6 .2 .8 .5 .7 .5 .6 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 .8 .5 .2 .5 .5 .7 .7 .7 .3 .4 .5 .9 .2 .2 .6 .6 .4 .3 .6 .8 .4 .3 .4 .6 .0 .5 .4 .5 .8 .6 .6 .6 .4 .5 .3 .5 ,4 .8 .0 ,6 234, 235 U 238, aCi/m3+ 2s 9.4 17.3 40.2 15.9 17.2 21.9 18.5 29.4 9.4 15.5 29.4 33.8 48.0 8.2 44.6 25.8 18.7 19.2 16.6 56.7 14.2 46.5 20.8 38.2 42.8 28.4 50.3 35.5 28.6 15.3 21.0 9.4 11.9 20.0 33.2 26.2 35.0 45.7 32.5 50.5 2.0 3.3 6.9 2.9 3.8 4.3 2.9 5.2 2.3 2.8 5.8 6.5 9.2 2.2 8,2 5.2 3.2 3.3 2.7 8.6 3,6 11.0 3.2 8.3 7.0 5.2 6.7 4.5 4.1 2.9 3.0 2.7 2,7 4.4 5.8 4.1 4.9 7.4 5.7 7.7 aCi/m3+ 2s 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 1.0 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.9 0.8 1.8 1.2 2.1 1.6 0.1 0.4 0.9 1.2 2,5 1.5 0,6 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.5 3.5 1.7 0.8 1.0 -0.2 1.7 1.0 0.6 1.3 1.2 2.4 1.2 1,9 1.0 1.1 0.7 1.1 0.5 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.6 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.4 0.8 1.9 1.2 1.4 0.9 0,4 0.5 1.6 0.7 4.5 1.9 1.5 1.0 ;2.0 1.2 aCi/m3+ 2; 8.8 18.4 34.1 13.0 11.1 26.4 19.2 24.2 4.7 17.1 25.7 33.2 47.5 6.3 48.3 24.5 14.2 19.9 18.1 42.5 10.3 48.5 23.1 16.4 37.2 25.3 46.8 30.5 ,29.8 '13.0 15.6 '11.5 13.5 13.3 34.9 23.5 23.1 39.3 32,6 47.8 1.9 3.4 6.1 2.5 2.9 4.8 3.0 4.6 1.5 3.0 5.2 6.5 9.1 1.9 8.7 4.9 2.7 3.4 2.9 7.0 3.1 11.2 3.4 4.8 6.3 4.8 6.4 4.0 4.3 2.7 2.5 3.1 3.0 3.4 6.0 3.8 3.6 6.6 5.7 7.4 14 ------- TABLE 9 (CONTINUED) PLUTONIUM AND URANIUM IN AIRBORNE PARTICULATES JANUARY - MARCH 1984 COMPOSITES 238Pu 239Pu 234U 235p LOCATION aCi/m3* 2s aCi/m3+ 2s aCi/m3+ 2s aCi/m3+ 2s aCi/m3+ 2s UTrSALT LAKE CITY 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.5 32.0 4.8 1.1 0.7 27.5 4.3 VArLYNCHBURG -0.6 0.5 1.1 0.6 1454.0162.4 22.7 4.0 24.6 4.3 VA:VIRGINIA BEACH 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.6 22.4 4.0 0.6 0.5 17.0 3.3 WArSEATTLE 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.4 11.0 2>6 0.5 0.4 10.0 1.9 WA:SPOKANE 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 26.3 4.9 1.7 1.0 21.2 4.2 WI:MADISON 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.4 14.7 3.2 0.4 0.6 14.4 3.1 s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 15 ------- TABLE 9.1 PLUTONIUM AND URANIUM ANALYSES OF SELECTED PRECIPITATION COMPOSITE SAMPLES 1984 LOCATION AL: MONTGOMERY CA: BERKELEY CO: DENVER FL:MIAMI ID: IDAHO FALLS IL: CHICAGO MN: MINNEAPOLIS ND: BISMARCK NJ : TRENTON NY: NEW YORK CITY NY: NIAGARA FALLS OH: COLUMBUS OR: PORTLAND PA:HARRISBURG SC : BARNWELL SC: COLUMBIA TN:KNOXVILLE VA:LYNCHBURG 4..JU Pu pCi/1 + 2s -.005 -.004 0.001 0.007 -.002 -.002 -.002 0.000 -.004 -.005 -.001 -.004 -.009 -.001 -.011 -.002 -.004 0.000 0.012 0.004 0.008 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.008 0.000 0.014 0.007 0.006 0.006 0.008 0.007 0.011 0.003 0.006 0.000 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 -0 -0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 £jy Pu pCi/1 + 2s .004 .005 .003 .002 .008 .000 .004 .004 .002 .037 .006 .000 .000 .004 .006 .002 .001 .008 0.009 0.006 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.005 0.007 0.009 0.009 0.019 0.016 0.004 0.000 0.004 0.008 0.005 0.007 0.008 z_> U pCi/1 + 2s 0.008 0.183 0.053 0.092 0.113 0.069 0.129 0.144 0.095 NA 0.017 0.136 0.007 0.054 0.060 0.026 0.134 0.268 0.006 0.045 0.022 0.027 0.033 0.023 0.032 0.034 0.035 0.008 0.039 0.007 0.026 0.021 0.014 0.037 0.054 t.j U pCi/1 + 2s 0.001 0.004 -0.002 0.002 0.008 0.003 0.007 0.002 0.014 NA 0.002 0.000 0.003 0.005 0.003 0.002 0.008 0.007 0.002 0.008 0.003 0.003 0.008 0.005 0.009 0.006 0.013 0.002 0.005 0.004 0.007 0.007 0.003 0.010 0.009 £j U pCi/1 + 2s 0.007 0.073 0.036 0.055 0.035 0.021 0.097 0.067 0.056 NA 0.003 0.071 0.008 0.038 0.021 0.019 0.059 0.054 0.006 0.026 0.016 0.021 0.017 0.015 0.026 0.022 0.026 0.003 0.025 0.006 0.020 0.014 0.012 0.024 0.023 THE MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT IS .015 pCi/SAMPLE, FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL ISOTOPE. s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 16 ------- Krypton-85 Krypton-85 is a long-lived noble gas with a half life of 10.8 years. It is released into the atmosphere by nuclear reactor operations, fuel reprocessing, weapons tests, and research and defense related activities. Krypton-85 also occurs naturally in minor quantities primarily from the neutron capture of stable krypton-84 as well as spontaneous fission and neutron-induced fission of uranium. Monitoring of krypton-85 in the atmosphere has been conducted to identify and establish baseline levels and long-term trends. Krypton-85 analysis began in January 1973 with sample collections and analyses being performed for 12 sampling locations. These locations were selected to provide atmospheric coverage of the United States with considerations being given to the proximity to fuel reprocessing plants, nuclear reactors, and wide geographic coverage. Dry compressed air samples, collected at each location, are purchased from commercial air suppliers annually and shipped to the EERF where the krypton-85 is cryogenically separated and counted in a liquid scintillation system. The Kr-85 results will be published when they are available. 17 ------- DATA - EPA ERAMS SECTION II. Water Program The ERAMS water program provides data on ambient radiation levels in the nation's rivers, streams and drinking water supplies. Surface Water Quarterly grab samples are taken downstream from operating or future nuclear facilities at 58 stations. Surface water samples are analyzed for tritium quarterly and specific gamma activity annually. Tritium is a primary radioactive pollutant from nuclear power plants and weapons production activities. Tritium concentrations are determined by liquid scintillation counting of distilled samples. Gamma scans are performed annually to determine levels of gamma emitting radionuclides. Tritium concentrations for surface water samples for January - March 1985 are given in Table 10. 18 ------- TABLE 10 SURFACE WATER TRITIUM CONCENTRATION JANUARY - MARCH 1985 LOCATION AL.'DECATUR ALrDOTHAN ALrSCOTTSBORO AR:LITTLE ROCK CA:DIABLO CANYON CA:EUREKA CA:SAN QNOFRE CO:GREELEY CTrEAST HADDAM CTrWATERFORD FL:CRYSTAL RIVER FL:FT. PIERCE FL: HOMESTEAD IA:CEDAR RAPIDS ID:BUHL IL:E. MOLINE IL:MORRIS LA:NEW ORLEANS MA:ROWE MD:CONOWINGO MD:LUSBY MErWISCASSET MI:BRIDGMAN MI:CHARLEVOIX MI:MONROE MI:SOUTH HAVEN MN:MONTICELLO MN:RED WING MS:PORT GIBSON NC:CHARLOTTE NCrSOUTHPORT NErRULO NJ:BAYSIDE NJ:OYSTER CREEK NV:BOULDER CITY NY:OSSINING NYiOSWEGO N,Y:POUGHKEEPSIE OH:TOLEDO SOURCE TENNESSEE RIVER CHATTAHOOCHEE R. TENNESSEE RIVER ARKANSAS RIVER PACIFIC OCEAN HUMBOLDT BAY PACIFIC OCEAN SOUTH PLATTE RIVER CONNECTICUT RIVER LONG ISLAND SOUND GULF OF MEXICO ATLANTIC OCEAN BISCAYNE BAY CEDAR RIVER SNAKE RIVER MISSISSIPPI RIVER ILLINOIS RIVER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DEERFIELD RIVER SUSQUEHANNA RIVER CHESAPEAKE BAY MONTSEWAY BAY LAKE MICHIGAN LAKE MICHIGAN LAKE ERIE LAKE MICHIGAN MISSISSIPPI RIVER MISSISSIPPI RIVER MISSISSIPPI RIVER CATAWBA RIVER ATLANTIC OCEAN MISSOURI RIVER DELAWARE RIVER OYSTER CREEK COLORADO RIVER HUDSON RIVER LAKE ONTARIO HUDSON RIVER LAKE ERIE DATE COLLECTED I/ 8/85 1/16/85 I/ 8/85 I/ 2/85 1/24/85 I/ 3/85 2/28/85 I/ 8/85 I/ 8/85 I/ 8/85 I/ 2/85 11 2/85 21 6/85 2/12/85 I/ 3/85 I/ 2/85 I/ 7/85 1/17/85 3/ 6/85 I/ 2/85 I/ 8/85 I/ 2/85 I/ 2/85 I/ 5/85 I/ 7/85 I/ 2/85 2/25/85 1/22/85 1/17/85 I/ 7/85 1/18/85 I/ 8/85 21 7/85 21 5/85 I/ 8/85 I/ 4/85 1/15/85 I/ 3/85 I/ 2/85 nCi/1 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 ± 2s 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 19 ------- LOCATION ORrBRADWOOD PA .'DANVILLE PA:PLYMOUTH SC:ALLENDALE SC:BROAD RIVER SC:HARTSVILLE TN:DAISY TNrKINGSTON TX:EL PASO VArDOSWELL WA:NORTHPORT WA:RICHLAND WI:TWO CREEKS WI:VICTORY WV:WHEELING TABLE 10 (CONTINUED) SURFACE WATER TRITIUM CONCENTRATION JANUARY - MARCH 1985 SOURCE COLUMBIA RIVER SUSQUEHANNA RIVER SUSQUEHANNA RIVER SAVANNAH RIVER BROAD RIVER LAKE ROBINSON TENNESSEE RIVER CLINCH RIVER RIO GRANDE NORTH ANNA RIVER COLUMBIA RIVER COLUMBIA RIVER LAKE MICHIGAN MISSISSIPPI RIVER OHIO RIVER DATE COLLECTED 1/17/85 2/20/85 I/ 2/85 1/18/85 1/16/85 I/ 2/85 2/27/85 1/14/85 1/29/85 1/10/85 2/12/85 I/ 8/85 1/14/85 1/14/85 I/ 9/85 nCi/1 0.1 0,1 0.2 6.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.3 2.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 ± 2s 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 20 ------- Drinking Water This program monitors ambient radiation levels in drinking water at 78 sites. These data serve to assess trends and anomalies in concentrations, and to compare with standards set forth in the EPA "National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations." These regulations provide for approval of supplies when the combined radium-226 and radium-228 levels do not exceed 5 pCi/1, when the gross alpha (excluding radon and uranium) levels do not exceed 15 pCi/1, when tritium levels do not exceed 20,000 pCi/1, when the strontium-90 levels do not exceed 8 pCi/1, and when the gross beta levels do not exceed 50 pCi/1. Grab samples are taken at the 78 sites which are either major population centers or selected nuclear facility environs. The analyses include (a) tritium on a quarterly basis; (b) gross alpha, gross beta, strontium-90, and gamma on annual composites; (c) radium-226 if the gross alpha exceeds 2 pCi/1 and radium-228 if the radium-226 falls between 3 and 5 pCi/1; (d) specific iodine-131 on one quarterly sample per year for each station; and (e) an annual composite for plutonium-238 and -239 and uranium-234, -235, and -238 for stations that demonstrate gross alpha levels greater than 2 pCi/1. Tritium analyses are performed by scintillation counting of the distilled samples. Gross beta and alpha are determined by evaporating an aliquot on a stainless steel planchet for counting. Radium-226 is determined by the standard emanation technique. Strontium-90 is determined by beta counting a strontium carbonate precipitate isolated by ion exchange. The results of tritium in drinking water analyses for January - March 1985 are shown in Table 11. 21 ------- TABLE 11 DRINKING WATER TRITIUM CONCENTRATION JANUARY - MARCH 1985 LOCATION AK:FAIRBANKS AL.-DOTHAN AL:MONTGOMERY AL:MUSCLE SHOALS ALrSCOTTSBORO AR:LITTLE ROCK CA:BERKELEY CArLOS ANGELES CO:DENVER COtPLATTEVILLE CT:HARTFORD DE:DOVER FL:MIAMI FL:TAMPA GA:SAVANNAH HI:HONOLULU IA:CEDAR RAPIDS ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:MORRIS IL:W. CHICAGO KS:TOPEKA LA:NEW ORLEANS MA:LAWRENCE MD:BALTIMORE MD:CONOWINGO ME:AUGUSTA MI:DETROIT MI:GRAND RAPIDS MN:MINNEAPOLIS MN:RED WING MS:JACKSON MS:PORT GIBSON NC:CHARLOTTE NC:WILMINGTON ND:BISMARCK NE:LINCOLN NH:CONCORD NJ:TRENTON DATE COLLECTED 1/14/85 1/16/85 I/ 8/85 I/ 8/85 I/ 8/85 I/ 2/85 1/14/85 I/ 2/85 2/19/85 2/18/85 I/ 2/85 I/ 2/85 I/ 2/85 1/14/85 1/15/85 1/17/85 2/14/85 1/14/85 I/ 2/85 I/ 2/85 11 2/85 1/16/85 I/ 8/85 I/ 3/85 I/ 2/85 I/ 3/85 I/ 4/85 I/ 9/85 1/22/85 1/21/85 I/ 7/85 I/ 8/85 I/ 7/85 1/18/85 I/ 2/85 1/14/85 I/ 2/85 1/16/85 nCi/1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 4.6 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 ± 2s 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 22 ------- TABLE 11 (CONTINUED) DRINKING WATER TRITIUM CONCENTRATION JANUARY - MARCH 1985 LOCATION NJrWARETOWN NM:SANTA FE NV:LAS VEGAS NY:ALBANY NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS NY:SYRACUSE OH:CINCINNATI OH:COLUMBUS OH:EAST LIVERPOOL OH.'PAINESVILLE OH:TOLEDO OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OR:PORTLAND PA:COLUMBIA PA:HARRISBURG PA PITTSBURGH PC:ANCON RI:PROVIDENCE SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA SC:HARTSVILLE SC:JENKINSVILLE SC:SENECA TN: CHATTANOOGA. TN:KNOXVILLE TX:AUSTIN VA:DOSWELL VA:LYNCHBURG VA .-VIRGINIA BEACH WA:RICHLAND WA:SEATTLE WI:GENOA CITY WI:MADISON SIGMA COUNTING ERROR DATE COLLECTED 21 5/85 1/15/85 I/ 7/85 1/14/85 I/ 3/85 I/ 3/85 1/31/85 11 2/85 I/ 2/85 1/24/85 11 2/85 I/ 2/85 I/ 3/85 I/ 4/85 I/ 3/85 I/ 3/85 1/24/85 I/ 7/85 1/14/85 11 3/85 I/ 4/85 I/ 2/85 1/11/85 1/24/85 I/ 2/85 I/ 2/85 I/ 7/85 2/21/85 I/ 3/85 I/ 7/85 I/ 8/85 I/ 4/85 1/14/85 11 4/85 nCi/1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 ± 2s 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 23 ------- SECTION III. External Gamma Ambient Monitoring Program The external gamma monitoring program, which began in October 1978, provides a continuous measurement of ambient gamma exposure rates, including cosmic, at selected sites throughout the continental United States. Data from this program are used to evaluate fluctuations in natural background due to variations in environmental conditions and to provide a means of monitoring any significant increases in ambient gamma levels. The program consists of approximately 22 sites representing a wide geographic coverage throughout the country.* Although exposure measurements at these few sites are not totally representative of nationwide exposures, they will be indicative of national trends. The monitoring program utilizes CaF2:Mn thermoluminescent dosimeters(TLD's). These dosimeters are commercially available glass-bulb type dosimeters with energy compensating shields. A group of three TLD's is located at each station or site. Dosimeters are annealed by the station operator prior to positioning in the field. The dosimeters are returned to EERF for readout approximately every three months. Several dosimeters are annealed by the station operator as controls and returned with the exposed field dosimeters to correct for any exposures accumulated during shipment. Results from the period January - March 1985 are shown in Table 12. * Some of these sites may not return dosimeters each period and consequently the number of sites listed may vary slightly. 24 ------- TABLE 12 ENVIRONMENTAL GAMMA AMBIENT MONITORING PROGRAM INTEGRATED EXPOSURE LOCATION DATE RANGE EXPOSURE RATE AL:MONTGOMERY CA:BERKELEY CO:DENVER FL:ORLANDO ID:BOISE IL:CHICAGO ND:BISMARCK NJ:TRENTON NM:SANTA FE NV:LAS VEGAS OH:COLUMBUS OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OR:PORTLAND PA:HARRISBURG PA PITTSBURGH RI:PROVIDENCE SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA TN:KNOXVILLE VA:RICHMOND VT:MONTPELIER MR 10785- 40485 10385- 40485 10885- 40285 10285- 40285 11085- 41585 10285- 40285 10285- 40385 10385- 40385 10485- 40285 10385- 41185 10285- 40185 11585- 41685 11685- 40385 10385- 40185 30585- 40185 10985- 40985 10385- 41285 10285- 40285 10485- 40185 10185- 40185 11085- 40585 18.2 15.5 33.7 14.8 29.6 18.3 22.7 25.5 30.1 20.6 19.2 19.6 15.9 16.9 8.1 26.0 20.6 20.6 22.2 19.9 16.1 MICRO R/HR + 2 s * 8.7 7.1 16.7 6.9 13.0 8.5 10.4 11.8 14.3 8.8 9.0 9.0 8.6 8.0 12.5 12.0 8.8 9.5 10.6 9.2 7.9 5.7 3.2 5.7 5.1 8.1 3.5 5.7 5.1 9.0 4.6 4.2 3.1 10.2 9.5 5.6 3.8 4.6 5.5 3.4 7.9 4.4 * s = SIGMA ERROR (IN PERCENT) 25 ------- SECTION IV. Milk Program Pasteurized Milk This is a cooperative program with the Dairy and Lipid Products Branch, Milk Sanitation Section, Food and Drug Administration. Milk is a reliable indicator of the general population's intake of radionuclides since it is consumed fresh by a large segment of the population and contains several of the biologically important contaminants resulting from environmental releases from nuclear activities. A primary function of this program is to obtain reliable monitoring data relative to current radionuclide concentrations and determine any long-term trends. Monthly samples are collected at 65 sampling sites with one or more located in each state and Puerto Rico. The samples are composited, according to production, from the major milk suppliers representing more than 80 percent of the milk consumed in a given population center. The samples are analyzed for iodine-131, bariutn-140, cesium-137, and potassium. All 65 samples are analyzed annually in July for strontium-89, and strontium-90. Also, for the first month of the three quarters beginning January, April and October, 10 regional composite samples of milk made up from the states within each of EPA's 10 regions are analyzed for strontium-89 and strontium-90. Iodine-131, barium-140, cesium-137 and potassium are determined by gamma spectral analysis. Strontiuro-89 and strontium-90 are determined by beta counting a total strontium precipitate which has been chemically separated by ion-exchange. The values from the pasteurized milk samples for January - March 1985 are shown in Tables 13 - 15. Strontium values from regional composite samples collected January - March are shown in Table 16. 26 ------- TABLE 13 CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK JANUARY 1985 LOCATION AK:PALMER AL:MONTGOMERY AR:LITTLE ROCK AZ:PHOENIX CA:LOS ANGELES CA:SACRAMENTO CA:SAN FRANCISCO CO: DENVER CT:HARTFORD FL:TAMPA GA:ATLANTA HI:HONOLULU IA:DES MOINES IL:CHICAGO IN:INDIANAPOLIS KS:WICHITA KY:LOUISVILLE LA:NEW ORLEANS LA:NEW ORLEANS MA:BOSTON MD:BALTIMORE ME:PORTLAND MI:DETROIT MI:GRAND RAPIDS MN:MINNEAPOLIS MN:ST. PAUL MO-.KANSAS CITY MO:ST. LOUIS MS:JACKSON MT : HELENA NC:CHARLOTTE NDrMINOT NE:OMAHA NH:MANCHESTER NJ:TRENTON NM:ALBUQUERQUE NV:LAS VEGAS NY:BUFFALO NY:NEW YORK CITY DATE COLLECTED I/ 2/85 I/ 4/85 I/ 8/85 1/10/85 1/17/85 11 2/85 I/ 7/85 1/31/85 I/ 7/85 I/ 8/85 I/ 4/85 I/ 3/85 11 7/85 I/ 7/85 I/ 7/85 I/ 7/85 I/ 8/85 1/18/85 I/ 8/85 11 9/85 I/ 4/85 11 8/85 1/11/85 I/ 7/85 I/ 7/85 I/ 2/85 1/11/85 I/ 2/85 I/ 7/85 I/ 7/85 I/ 8/85 1/21/85 1/11/85 I/ 7/85 I/ 9/85 I/ 7/85 1/14/85 1/15/85 I/ 7/85 K g/l±2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .69 .57 .61 .59 .61 .48 .65 .83 .57 .56 .47 .61 .62 .52 .52 .58 .51 .51 .52 .62 .63 .49 .71 .61 .61 .59 .61 .60 .52 .47 .73 .56 .49 .67 .60 .52 .52 .64 .59 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 s .13 .09 .13 .13 .13 .08 .13 .29 .13 .13 .12 .13 .09 .12 .13 .13 .13 .12 .13 .13 .13 .12 .13 .13 .09 .13 .13 .13 .13 .12 .24 .13 .12 .09 .09 .09 .13 .13 .13 L *J 1 Cs pCi/l+2s 4 4 4 -2 0 1 2 18 0 9 1 8 2 3 2 1 2 3 3 1 -1 4 4 5 0 7 5 4 3 2 9 -2 3 6 -1 1 1 3 3 7 5 7 7 7 5 7 19 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 18 7 1 5 5 5 7 7 7 1HU Ba pCi/l+2s 3 -1 -4 3 -1 -3 -3 -1 -2 -2 -4 -3 -5 -19 -1 -4 3 -2 3 1 1 0 -2 -2 0 4 2 -5 2 0 7 -3 1 0 -2 -2 5 -3 -2 9 6 9 9 9 6 9 19 9 9 9 9 6 12 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 6 9 9 9 9 9 ,19 9 9 6 6 6 9 9 9 L Jl I pCi/l+2s 0 4 -3 5 1 0 1 2 5 6 2 3 -1 7 5 -1 -1 4 -3 0 5 -2 4 4 -2 7 -1 1 0 6 0 3 2 2 2 2 3 6 6 7 5 7 7 7 5 7 14 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 14 7 7 5 5 5 7 7 7 27 ------- TABLE 13 (CONTINUED) CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK JANUARY 1985 LOCATION NY:SYRACUSE OH:CINCINNATI OH:CLEVELAND OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OR:PORTLAND PA PHILADELPHIA PA PITTSBURGH PC:CRISTOBAL PR:SAN JUAN SC:CHARLESTON SD:RAPID CITY TN:CHATTANOOGA TN:KNOXVILLE TX:AUSTIN UT:SALT LAKE CITY VA:NORFOLK VT:BURLINGTON WA:SEATTLE WA:SEATTLE WA:SPOKANE WI:MILWAUKEE WI:MILWAUKEE WV:CHARLESTON WY:LARAMIE DATE COLLECTED I/ 7/85 I/ 8/85 11 7/85 II 8/85 I/ 7/85 I/ 7/85 I/ 9/85 1/24/85 1/18/85 1/29/85 I/ 7/85 I/ 7/85 I/ 7/85 11 9/85 I/ 7/85 1/18/85 I/ 8/85 I/ 2/85 1/31/85 I/ 9/85 I/ 7/85 1/30/85 1/30/85 I/ 8/85 K g/l±2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 .45 .43 .57 .43 .61 .61 .58 .56 .59 .70 .58 .59 .53 .54 .61 .51 .67 .38 .51 .59 .65 .64 .75 .68 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 s .12 .12 .13 .12 .09 .13 .09 .13 .13 .13 .09 .13 .13 .13 .13 .12 .24 .12 .28 .13 .13 .13 .24 .13 ij / Cs PCi/l+2s 0 3 -1 1 2 0 4 13 0 2 -1 3 1 1 7 6 10 3 7 1 0 3 -4 3 7 7 7 7 5 7 5 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 18 7 18 7 7 7 18 7 14U 'Ba pCi/l+2s 6 5 -2 1 -4 -1 0 -1 -1 5 4 -3 0 0 -1 0 -2 -2 6 -1 -1 0 3 -7 9 9 9 9 6 9 6 9 9 9 6 9 9 9 9 9 18 9 19 9 9 9 19 9 J.J1 I pCi/l+2s 4 3 -1 -2 2 8 2 -3 0 -3 0 -1 -2 7 5 4 1 2 -2 4 0 6 5 1 7 7 7 7 5 7 5 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 14 7 14 7 7 7 14 7 SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 28 ------- TABLE 14 CONCENTRATIONS OF RAD'IONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK FEBRUARY 19'85 LOCATION AK:PALMER AL rMONTGOMERY AR:LITTLE ROCK AZ:.PH'OEN1X CArLOS ANGELES CA: SACRAMENTO; CA:SAN FRANCISCO CO:DENVER FL:TAMPA GA:ATLANTA GA:ATLANTA HI:HONOLULU IA:DES MOTNES IL:CHICAGO IN:INDIANAPOLIS KS:WICHITA KY:LOUISVILLE MA: BOSTON MD:BALTIMORE ME .-PORTLAND MI:DETROIT MI:GRAND RAPIDS MN:MINNEAPOLIS MN:ST. PAUL MO:KANSAS CITY MO:ST. LOUIS MS:JACKSON MT:HELENA NC: CHARLOTTE ND>:M1NOT NE:OMAHA Nl:MANCHESTER NJ:TRENTON NM:ALBUQUERQUE NVrLAS VEGAS NY:BUFFALO NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:SYRACUSE DATE COLLECTED 2/11 9/85 27 8/85 2/11/85 27 7/85 2/11/85 2/ 1/85 2/ 8/85 2/27/85 2/13/85 2/ 3/85 2/27/85 2/ 2/85 21 4/85 21 4/85 2/ 4/85 2/11/85 2/ 5/85 2/ 5/85 2/ 1/85 21 7/85 2f 8/85 2/ 4/85 2/ 4/85 27 5/85 2/ 8/85 2/ 6/85 2f 5/85 2/ 8/85 2/ 4/85 2/27/85 27 8/85 2/ 4/85 27 6/85 27 4/85 2/ 4/85 2/11/85 2/ 4/85 2/ 4/85 K g/l+2s 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .59 .61 .47 .54 . 58 .5,8 .63 .43 .,58 .65 .55 .65 .52 .54 .47 .59 .55 .52 .50 .60 .60 .57 .64 .51 .52 . 53 .59 .45 .66 .52 .46 .5-3 .50 .35 .52 .60 .50 .62 0 0 0 0: Q: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0! 0 0^ 0 0 0 0> 0 0 .09 .13 .12 ..13 .13 .,13 .09 .12 .Of .13 .13 .13 .13 .13 .12 .09 .13 .09 .09 .13 .13 .13 .13 .12 .13 .13 .13 .12 .24 .13 .12 .13 .12 .12 .13 .13 .12 .09 1JV Cs pC±/l+2s 5 -1 3 1 2 5, 6 1 11 5 6 3 1 0 6 4 0 2 2 6 2 3 3 2 0 1 4 2 8 6 2 3 1 3 -2 8 1 -1 5 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 5 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 18 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 1MJ 'Ba pCi/l+2s 0 1 4 3 -6 5 5 -1 -4 -6 -2 -5 -1 -2 5 -2 0 0 -5 -6 -4 4 -2 -4 0 0' 4 0 -5 0 1 2 3 -6 -3 -1 -2 1 6 9 9 9 9 9 6 9 6 9 9 9 9 9 9 6 9 6 6 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 18 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 6 131 I pCi/l+2s 1 6 0; 0 1.0- 9 2 1 4 1 7 4 3 6 6 -2 5 2 6 1 1 5 1 -1 2 -2 4 5 13 3 8 4 4 10 _2 4 0 0 5 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 5 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 14 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 ------- TABLE 14 (CONTINUED) CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK FEBRUARY 1985 LOCATION OH:CINCINNATI OH:CLEVELAND OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OR:PORTLAND PA PHILADELPHIA PA PITTSBURGH PC:CRISTOBAL PR:SAN JUAN' SD:RAPID CITY TN:CHATTANOOGA TN:KNOXVILLE TN:MEMPHIS TX:AUSTIN UT:SALT LAKE CITY VA:NORFOLK VT:BURLINGTON WI:MILWAUKEE WY:LARAMIE DATE COLLECTED 21 4/85 2/11/85 21 5/85 21 5/85 21 4/85 21 6/85 2/28/85 2/15/85 21 3/85 21 4/85 21 4/85 2/27/85 21 5/85 21 4/85 2/13/85 21 6/85 2/28/85 21 5/85 K g/1+2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .52 .57 .66 .46 .55 .79 .56 .48 .61 .53 .55 .56 .47 .51 .53 .65 .65 .63 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ,0 0 s .09 .13 .13 .12 .13 .25 .13 .12 .13 .13 .13 .13 .08 .09 .13 .13 .13 .13 i j/ Cs pCi/l+2s 0 3 1 2 3 1 10 3 -1 10 6 1 -1 4 3 10 1 2 5 7 7 7 7 18 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 5 7 7 7 7 14U Ba pCi/l+2s 0 1 -1 8 3 5 1 -1 -2 -2 -3 2 4 0 0 0 -4 4 6 9 9 9 9 19 9 9 9 9 9 9 6 6 9 9 9 9 Ui I pCi/l+2s 1 4 0 0 4 -1 5 1 3 4 5 -1 0 2 0 7 3 -1 5 7 7 7 7 14 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 5 7 7 7 7 SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 30 ------- TABLE 15 CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK MARCH 1985 LOCATION AL:ANCHORAGE AL:MONTGOMERY ARrLITTLE ROCK AZ:PHOENIX CA:LOS ANGELES CA:SACRAMENTO CA:SAN FRANCISCO CO:DENVER CT:HARTFORD FL:TAMPA HI:HONOLULU IA:DES MOINES IL:CHICAGO IN:INDIANAPOLIS KS:WICHITA KY:LOUISVILLE LA:NEW ORLEANS MA:BOSTON MD:BALTIMORE ME:PORTLAND MI:DETROIT MI:GRAND RAPIDS MN:MINNEAPOLIS MN:ST. PAUL MO:KANSAS CITY MO:ST. LOUIS MS:JACKSON MT:HELENA NC:CHARLOTTE ND:MINOT NE:OMAHA NH:MANCHESTER NJ:TRENTON NM:ALBUQUERQUE NV:LAS VEGAS NY:BUFFALO NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:SYRACUSE DATE COLLECTED 3/29/85 3/ 8/85 3/ 9/85 3/ 7/85 3/11/85 3/ 1/85 3/18/85 3/29/85 3/ 4/85 3/12/85 3/ 4/85 3/ 4/85 3/ 4/85 3/ 4/85 3/11/85 3/ 5/85 3/ 5/85 3/ 5/85 3/ 1/85 3/ 6/85 3/ 7/85 3/ 4/85 3/11/85 3/ 6/85 3/ 8/85 3/ 6/85 3/ 5/85 3/11/85 3/11/85 3/27/85 3/ 8/85 3/ 4/85 3/ 6/85 3/ 5/85 3/11/85 3/11/85 3/ 4/85 3/ 4/85 K g/l+2s 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .55 .61 .64 .67 .45 .56 .52 .55 .59 .52 .62 .60 .51 .49 .56 .54 .54 .67 .51 .67 .62 .50 .66 .77 .55 .45 .60 .52 .78 .53 .49 .66 .62 .65 .63 .64 .67 .52 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .13 .13 .13 .13 .12 .13 .13 .13 .09 .13 .09 .13 .13 .12 .13 .09 .13 .13 .13 .13 .13 .09 .13 .25 .13 .12 .13 .13 .25 .13 .09 .13 .13 .13 .13 .13 .09 .13 137 Cs pCi/l+2s 2 2 2 -1 2 0 0 4 2 5 2 1 5 2 6 0 4 2 -4 2 7 2 0 7 2 1 2 1 4 4 4 7 -3 -2 -1 0 1 0 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 5 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 18 7 7 7 7 18 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 140_ Ba pCi/l+2s 8 -9 -4 -2 2 -8 4 1 -4 -3 5 -8 1 5 -3 -5 -1 -3 2 0 -6 2 6 5 -4 -3 -1 -2 5 0 0 -1 1 3 4 0 0 -4 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 6 9 6 9 9 9 9 6 9 9 9 9 9 6 9 19 9 9 9 9 19 9 6 9 9 9 9 9 6 9 131 I pCi/l+2s 3 3 4 1 -1 2 1 5 -2 5 5 1 1 0 0 2 -3 2 6 2 -1 5 -3 6 4 2 1 6 -3 0 2 -2 6 -3 -4 -3 1 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 5 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 14 7 7 7 7 14 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 31 ------- TABLE 15 (CONTINUED) CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK MARCH 1985 LOCATION OH:CINCINNATI OH:CLEVELAND OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OR PORTLAND PA:PHILADELPHIA PA:PITTSBURGH PC:CRISTOBAL SC:CHARLESTON SD:RAPID CITY TN:CHATTANOOGA TN:MEMPHIS TX:AUSTIN UT:SALT LAKE CITY VA:NORFOLK VT:BURLINGTON WA:SEATTLE WA:SEATTLE WA:SPOKANE WV:CHARLESTON WY:LARAMIE DATE COLLECTED 3/ 4/85 3/11/85 3/ 4/85 3/11/85 3/ 4/85 3/ 5/85 3/25/85 3/14/85 3/ 6/85 3/ 4/85 3/26/85 3/ 5/85 3/ 3/85 3/14/85 3/11/85 3/28/85 3/ 1/85 3/ 5/85 3/12/85 3/ 6/85 K' g/1+2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .50 .64 .56 .52 .56 .62 .46 .55 .52 .59 .51 .52 .58 .63 .60 .53 .58 .59 .67 .62 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 s .12 .13 .09 .13 .13 .24 .12 .13 .13 .13 .12 .13 .13 .13 .13 .13 .13 .09 .17 .09 !_>/ Cs pCi/l+2s 3 -2 0 1 0 -5 10 4 0 -3 2 -1 -2 -2 1 2 -2 3 12 3 7 7 5 7 7 18 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 13 5 14U Ba pCi/l+2s -5 -3 -2 -2 -7 2 -4 0 -1 0 1 -3 -4 0 2 7 0 -1 -3 -1 9 9 6 9 9 19 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 6 13 6 J.J1 I pCi/l+2s 0 2 2 2 2 5 4 -2 -3 0 3 4 1 3 2 2 1 4 5 4 7 7 5 7 7 14 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 10 5 SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 32 ------- TABLE 16 STRONTIUM-90 AND STRONTIUM-89 IN PASTEURIZED MILK EPA REGIONAL COMPOSITES JANUARY - MARCH 1985 EPA 90Sr 89Sr REGION pCi/1 + 2s pCi/1 + 2s* I 2.7 0.3 -2 1 II 2.0 1.0 1 4 III 2.8 0.8 -2 2 IV 2.8 0.5 -2 2 V 2.5 0.4 -1 1 VI 2.8 0.5 0 1 VII 1.4 0.3 2 1 VIII 1.8 1.1 1 4 IX 0.4 0.4 2 1 X 2.0 0.7 -2 3 s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR s* ANALYTICAL ERROR TERM WHICH CLOSELY APPROXIMATES THE COUNTING ERROR 33 ------- Carbon-14 in Milk Nine stations, chosen for wide geographical distribution, contribute milk samples for annual analysis for carbon-14. These samples have monitored the carbon-14 levels in the food chain resulting from nuclear testing. Analysis consists of combusting the samples and measuring released carbon dioxide through liquid scintillation. Data will be published as it becomes available. 34 ------- ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION DATA (ERD) is published quarterly (January, April, July, October) by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Radiation Programs. Requests for information concerning publication and distribution of ERD should be directed to: Charles M. Petko Technical Support Branch Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility 1890 Federal Drive Montgomery, Alabama 36109 Requests for information concerning the operation of ERAMS should be directed to: Charles R. Phillips, Chief Monitoring and Analytical Services Branch Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility 1890 Federal Drive Montgomery, Alabama 36109 or to: James W. Gunter, Chief Environmental Studies and Statistics Analysis and Support Division (ANR-461) U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Waterside Mall East 401 M Street, SW Washington, DC 20460 *** ------- |