RESEARCH
TRIANGLE
N S T I T U T E
QUANTIFICATION OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS IN
PREVIOUSLY COLLECTED AIR SAMPLES
EPA P. 0. No. DA-8-1938J
RTI/1598/00 - 01 F
Final Report
E. D. Pellizzari>] Project Director
Analytical Sciences Divison
Chemistry and Life Sciences
Research Triangle Institute
P. 0. Box 12194
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
Date: August 1, 1978
Prepared for Air Strategies and Air Standards Division, Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NORTH CAROLINA 27709
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The information presented in this document is subject to the follo-
wing qualifications:
(a) The mention of a specific company does not imply the intent
to regulate that company or its activities nor that, unless
specifically stated, the company is the source of a given
compound;
(b) The identification of compounds were determined by mass spec-
trometric and retention index techniques and their identity
are subject to the limits of this methodology.
(c) The mention of compounds in this report does not imply that
they are necessarily carcinogenic or mutagenic;
(d) The possible mutagenic or carcinogenic activity attributed to
a compound is based upon cited literature;
and (e) The experimental findings and conclusions presented in this
report should not be cited, reproduced, or included in other
publications without the expressed approval of the Project
Director or Officer.
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IV
SUMMARY
Selected "volatile" chlorinated hydrocarbons were quantified in
more than 250 ambient air samples from 28 U. S. cities representing 10
states. Examination of the*data reveals that their occurrence in the
atmosphere may be regarded as either ubiquitous or site specific. Some
of the representative ubiquitous halogenated compounds are methylene
chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-
dichloroethane, trichloroethylene, chlorobenzene, tetrachloroethylene,
dichlorobenzene isomers, and methyl chloroform.
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CONTENTS
Summary iv
Figures vi
Tables ." viii
1.0 Introduction and Objectives 1
2.0 Experimental Methods 3
3.0 Results and Discussion 4
4.0 References 49
5.0 Acknowledgements 50
Appendices
A. Sampling Protocols and Locations of Study
Sites 51
B. Description of Sampling and Analysis Methods. . 110
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VI
FIGURES
Number Page
Al Sampling locations surrounding Kin-Buc Land-fill,
Edison, NJ (PI) 55
A2 Sampling locations surrounding Kin-Buc Land-fill,
Edison, NJ (P2) 56
A3 Sampling locations surrounding Kin-Buc Land-fill,
Edison, NJ (P3) 57
A4 Sampling locations surrounding Kin-Buc Land-fill,
Edison, NJ (P4) 58
A5 Sampling locations surrounding Kin-Buc Land-fill,
Edison, NJ (P5) 59
A6 Sampling locations surrounding Kin-Buc Land-fill,
Edison, NJ (P6) 60
A7 Sampling locations surrounding Kin-Buc Land-fill,
Edison, NJ . . 63
A8 Map of Kanawha Valley, WV 68
A9 Map of Belle and Marmet, WV 72
A10 Map of South Charleston and Dunbar, WV 73
All Map of Institute, St. Albans and Nitro, WV 74
A12 Map of Nitro, WV 75
A13 Map of Shenandoah Valley, VA 80
A14 Sampling site and locations in Geismar, LA area .... 90
A15 Sampling site and locations for Baton Rouge, LA area. . 94
A16 Sampling site and locations in Baton Rouge, LA. .... 95
A17 Map depicting locations of ambient air sampling net-
work in Iberville Parish, LA 96
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vii
FIGURES (cont'd)
Number Page
A18 Map depicting sampling locations near industrial complex
in Iberville Parish, LA 97
A19 Sampling locations for Deer Park and Pasadena, TX sites . 102
A20 Sampling locations in Freeport, TX (Dow 'A') 103
A21 Sampling site and locations in La Porte, TX (E. I. DuPont
de Nemours & Co) 104
A22 Sampling area in Linden, NJ 107
A23 Sampling locations on American Cyanamid Co. plant site. . 108
A24 Sampling locations on Chambers Work site of E. I.
DuPont de Nemours and Co., Deepwater, NJ 109
Bl Vapor collection and analytical systems for analysis of
organic vapors in ambient air 112
B2 Sampling head for housing cartridge sampling train. . . . 120
B3 Profile of ambient air pollutants for Wood River, IL
using high resolution gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry/computer 127
B4 Background profile for Tenax GC cartridge blank 128
B5 Schematic diagram of gc-ms computer system 130
B6 Mass fragmentograms of characteristic ions representing
carbon tetrachloride (m/e 117), tetrachloroethylene
(m/e 166) and m-dichlorobenzene (m/e 146) in
ambient air 133
B7 Mass fragmentograms of characteristic ion representing
raethylene chloride (m/e 49) and chloroform (m/e 83)
in ambient air 134
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viii
TABLES
Number Page
1 Estimated Levels of Halogenated Organic Vapors in
Ambient Air from Kin-Buc Disposal Site, Edison,
NJ (Periods 1 & 2) 5
2 Estimated Levels of Halogenated Organic Vapors in
Ambient Air from Kin-Buc Disposal Site, Edison,
NJ (Periods 3 & 4) 7
3 Estimated Levels of Halogenated Organic Vapors in
Ambient Air from Kin-Buc Disposal Site, Edison,
NJ (Periods 5 & 6) 9
4 Estimated Levels of Halogenated Organic Vapors in
Ambient Air from Kin-Buc Disposal Site 11
5 Estimated Levels of Halogenated Organic Vapors in
Ambient Air in New Jersey 12
6 Estimated Levels of Halogenated Organic Vapors in
Ambient Air from Tulsa, OK 13
7 Estimated Levels of Halogenated Organic Vapors in
Ambient Air from Houston, TX 15
8 Estimated Levels of Halogenated Organic Vapors in
Ambient Air from the Kanawha Valley, WV 16
9 Estimated Levels of Halogenated Organic Vapors in
Ambient Air from the Kanawha Valley, WV 17
10 Estimated Levels of Halogenated Organic Vapors in
Ambient Air from the Kanawha Valley, WV 18
11 Estimated Levels of Halogenated Organic Vapors in
Ambient Air from Front Royal, VA 19
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ix
TABLES (cont'd)
Number
12 Estimated Levels of Halogenated Organic Vapors in
Ambient Air from Front Royal, VA 20
13 Estimated Levels of Halogenated Organic Vapors in
Ambient Air from Front Royal, VA 21
14 Estimated Levels of Halogenated Organic Vapors in
Ambient Air from South Charleston, WV 22
15 Estimated Levels of Halogenated Organic Vapors in
Ambient Air from Birmingham, AL 24
16 Estimated Levels of Halogenated Organic Vapors in
Ambient Air from Baton Rouge, LA 26
17 Estimated Levels of Halogenated Organic Vapors in
Ambient Air from Houston, XX 28
18 Estimated Levels of Halogenated Organic Vapors in
Ambient Air from Upland, CA 30
19 Estimated Levels of Halogenated Organic Vapors in
Ambient Air from Upland, CA 32
20 Estimated Levels of Halogenated Organic Vapors in
Ambient Air from Magna, UT 34
21 Estimated Levels of Halogenated Organic Vapors in
Ambient Air from Grand Canyon, AR 36
22 Estimated Levels of Ambient Air Pollutants in Geismar,
LA Area 38
23 Volatile Organic Vapors Estimated in Ambient Air of
Baton Rouge, LA and Vicinity 39
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X
TABLES (cont'd)
Number Page
24 Minimum Total Halogenated Hydrocarbon Vapor in Ambient
Air of Baton Rouge, LA 40
25 Concentrations of Ambient Air Pollutants in Iberville
Parish, Louisiana 41
26 Concentrations of Ambient Air Pollutants in Iberville
Parish, LA 42
27 Ambient Air Levels of Halogenated and Other Organics in
Houston, Pasadena, Deer Park, Freeport and La
Porte, TX Areas 43
28 Ambient Air Levels of Several Volatile Organic Vapors
Surrounding American Cyanamid Corp., Linden, NJ . . 45
29 Ambient Air Levels of Several Volatile Organic Vapors
Surrounding E. I. DuPont de Nemours, Deepwater, NJ. 46
30 Recoveries of Selected Organic Vapors from Tenax
Cartridges Subjected to Sample Transportation and
Storage 48
Al Sampling Protocol for Kin-Buc Disposal Site 52
A2 Ambient Air Sampling Protocol for Investigating Chemi-
cal Dump/Landfill in Edison, NJ 61
A3 Sampling Protocol for Central and Northern New Jersey. . 64
A4 Ambient Air Sampling Protocol for Volatile Organics in
Tulsa, OK 65
A5 Ambient Air Sampling Protocol for Volatile Organics in
Houston, TX 66
A6 Sampling Locations in the Kanawha Valley, WV 67
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XI
TABLES (cont'd)
Number Page
A7 Sampling Protocol for Kanawha Valley, WV 69
A8 Sampling Protocol for Kanawha Valley, WV 70
A9 Sampling Protocol for Kanawha Valley, WV 71
A10 Sampling Locations in the Shenandoah Valley, VA . . . . 76
All Sampling Protocol for Shenandoah Valley, VA 77
A12 Sampling Protocol for Shenandoah Valley, VA 78
A13 Sampling Protocol for Shenandoah Valley, VA 79
A14 Ambient Air Sampling Protocol for Volatile Organics in
South Charleston, WV 81
A15 Ambient Air Sampling Protocol for Volatile Organics
in Birmingham, AL 82
A16 Ambient Air Sampling Protocol for Volatile Organics
in Baton Rouge, LA 83
A17 Ambient Air Sampling Protocol for Volatile Organics
in- Houston, TX 84
A18 Ambient Air Sampling Protocol for Volatile Organics
in Upland, CA 85
A19 Ambient Air Sampling Protocol for Volatile Organics
in Upland, CA 86
A20 Ambient Air Sampling Protocol for Volatile Organics
in Magna, UT 87
A21 Ambient Air Sampling Protocol for Volatile Organics
in The Grand Canyon, AR 88
A22 Ambient Air Sampling Protocol for Geismar, LA 89
A23 Ambient Air Sampling Protocol for Baton Rouge, LA Area. 91
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xii
TABLES (cont'd)
Number Page
A24 Ambient Air Sampling Protocol for Plaquemine, LA Area. . 98
A25 Ambient Air Sampling Protocol for Houston, TX and
Vicinity 100
A26 Ambient Air Sampling Protocol for Linden and Deepwater,
NJ 105
Bl Overall Theoretical Sensitivity of High Resolution Gas
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry/Computer Analysis
for Atmospheric Pollutants 113
B2 Tenax GC Breakthrough Volumes for Several Atmospheric
Pollutants 121
B3 Operating Parameters for GLC-MS-COMP System 126
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1.0 Introduction and Objectives
The Research Triangle Institute (RTI) over the past few years has
collected many ambient air samples in the vicinity of industrial sources
and other environments at various geographical areas within the Continen-
tal U. S. Under the sponsorship of EPA contracts, these samples have
been characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/computer and
data have been stored on computer tapes.
The methodology which has been developed and applied during the
past few years for the characterization of ambient organic vapors utilizes
a poly-pollutant concept whereby as many pollutants as possible are
collected and analyzed. In this manner, a considerable amount of data
is generated and selected portions are subjected to characterization and
quantification. These data which have been placed in archival storage
also contain much information about pollutants which have not been
interpretated. An example is the concentration of halogenated organics
in ambient air.
The prime objective of the service provided under this contract was
to process information contained on these tapes and to determine the
concentrations of a series of halogenated organics in ambient air samples.
The compounds selected for quantification were methylene chloride,
chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride,
1,2-dichloroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-
trichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloro-
ethylene, 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, penta-
chloroethane, hexachloroethane, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, m-
dichlorobenzene, p_-dichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, 1,3,5-
trichlorobenzene, and 1,2,5-trichlorobenzene. A minimum of 250 previously
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collected samples were quantified for these compounds which have not
been previously reported in other contract reports. Furthermore, a
compilation has been prepared of the concentration of halogenated com-
pounds in all of the sample^ which have been analyzed to-date for the
purpose of convenient comparison.
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2.0 Experimental Methods
The techniques used for the collection of ambient air organic
(123)
vapors has been previously described. ' ' The technique which has
been employed was developed, over a period of approximately five years
and should be regarded as a research tool. Improvements in the collection
and analysis system is still an on-going research program and the data
which has been acquired with this method are subject to these limitations.
Tables A1-A26 and Figures A1-A24 in Appendix A present the sampling
protocols and the corresponding locations for the samples which were
acquired and analyzed over the past two years under several EPA con-
tracts. The methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis of these
n 2)
samples has been previously described ' and the procedures are given
in Appendix B.
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3.0 Results and Discussion
Tables 1-29 present the concentrations of halogenated hydrocarbons
which were measured at several locations within the industrial and non-
industrial areas in the Continental U.S. The concentrations of halogena-
ted hydrocarbons were in some cases determined in replicate samples and
the reproducibility of the technique is given in each of the corresponding
tables. In most cases, 2-4 blanks (control) cartridges were also analyzed
to establish the lower limit of background occurring for this collection
and analysis methodology. Table 30 presents a selected few examples of
halogenated hydrocarbons which were loaded onto Tenax GC sampling cart-
ridges, transported and stored in an identical fashion to the collected
field samples and subsequently analyzed to determine the extent of
recovery and thus the general accuracy of the technique.
The highest concentrations of halogenated hydrocarbons occurred in
areas containing industrial disposal sites or near heavily industrialized
sites.
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Table 1. ESTIMATED LEVELS OF HALOGENATED ORGANIC VAPORS IN AMBIENT AIR
FROM KIN-BUC DISPOSAL SITE, EDISON, NJ (PERIODS 1 & 2)a
Sampling Period/Location
Chemical
methylene chloride
chloroform
carbon tetrachloride
vinyl chloride
vinylidene chloride
1 , 2-dichloroethylene
1, 1-dichloroethane
1, 2-dichloroethane
1, 1, 1-trichloroethane
1,1,2-trichloroethane
trichloroethylene
tetrachloroethylene
1, 1, 1, 2-tetrachloroethane
1, 1, 2, 2-tetrachloroethane
pentachloroethane
hexachloroethane
chlorobenzene
jo-dichlorqbenzene
m-dichlorobenzene ' '
_p-dichlorobenzene
PI/LI
<1000
6389
<111
<18750
<555
<555
<470
<3A8
T(417)
<294
T(131)
354
<53
<53
<45
<45
170
<89
205
<80
P1/L2
<1000
T(230)
<153
<15000
<454
<454
<364
<381
NQ
<294
210
1527
<45
<45
<37
<37
112
1873
33783
<67
P1/L3
<1000
T(230)
1312
<15000
<454
<454
<364
<381
T(417)
294
1315
T(45)
<38
<38
<32
<32
<96
<64
244
<58
P1/L4
T(1000)
T(230)
750
<15000
<454
<454
<364
217
T(417)
294
10052
T(45)
<38"
<38
<36
<36
507
77
<64
<58
P2/L1
T(3750)
1999
12687
<18750
<555
4947
<470
T(150)
T(555)
<357
4947
1187
<54
<54
<45
<45
T(135)
<90
T(90)
<81
P2/L2
T(3750)
T(230)
13687
<18750
<555
4500
<470
434
T(417)
<357
4500
T(49)
<34
<34
<28
<28
T(85)
T(57)
205
<51
P2/L3
T(3750)
T(230)
7250
<18750
<555
t
5263
<470
T(347)
T(417)
<357
5263
2896
<32
<32
<27
<27
T(82)
<55
<55
<49
P2/L4
T(3750)
<230
1937
<18750
<555
T(565)
<470
2173
T(417)
<357
T(178)
T(49)
<32
<32
<26
<26
1127
<53
<53
<48
(continued)
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Table 1 (cont'd)
Sampling Period/Location
Chemical
1,2, 4- trichlorobenzene
1, 3, 5-trichlorobenzene
1,2, 5-trichlorobenzene
PI/LI
<53
<45
<53
P1/L2
<45
<37
<45
P1/L3
<38
<32
<38
P1/L4
<58
<36
<38
P2/L1
<54
<45
<54
P2/L2
<34
<28
<34
P2/L3
<32
<27
<32
P2/L4
<32
<26
<32
aSee Table Al and Figures Al and A2 for sampling protocol and locations.
T = trace, ( ) and < indicates limit of detection. All values in ng/m .
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Table 2. ESTIMATED LEVELS OF HALOGENATED ORGANIC VAPORS IN AMBIENT AIR
FROM KIN-BUG DISPOSAL SITE, EDISON, NJ (PERIODS 3 & 4)a
Sampling Period/Location
Chemical
methylene chloride
chloroform
carbon tetrachloride
vinyl chloride
vinylidene chloride
1, 2-dichloroethylene
1 , 1-dichloroethane
1, 2-dichloroethane
1,1, 1-trichloroe thane
1, 1, 2-trichloroethane
trichloroethylene
tetrachloroethylene
1,1, 1, 2-tetrachloroethane
1, 1, 2, 2-tetrachloroethane
pentachloroe thane
hexachloroethane
chlorobenzene
o-dichlorobenzene
m-dichlorobenzene -:
j>-dichlorobenzene
P3/L1
7600
9000
T(125)
<15000
<454
<454
<476
37913
<417
3500
3737
<50
<43
<43
<36
<36
<109
<72
T(72)
<65
P3/L2
T(1000)
1944
T(125)
<15000
<454
<454
<476
<347
<417
<294
T(178)
291
<32
<32
<27
<27
167
<53
<53
<48
P3/L3
T(1000)
12333
T(125)
<15000
<454
<454
<476
T(347)
19167
<294
6895
2847
<34
<34
<28
<28
480
341
376
<48
(continued)
P3/L4
T(1000)
3445
2000
<15000
T(454)
<454
<476
347
158
<294
10315
<49
<34
<34
<26
<26
1807
942
895
<47
P4/L2
T(1250)
5834
1875
<18750
<588
<588
<470
T(444)
T(556)
<357
394
527
<34
<34
<20
<20
T(60)
<40
T(40)
<36
P4/L3
T(1250)
8999
7625
<18750
<588
<588
<470
1130
7684
<357
5289
9173
<30
<30
<25
<25
607
150
410
<45
P4/L4
T(1250)
2778
T(153)
<18750
<555
t
<555
<470
<444
T(555)
<357
T(214)
1389
<40
<40
<27
<27
610
T(54)
T(54)
<49
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Table 2 (cont'd)
Sampling Period/Location
Chemical
1,2,4- trichlorobenzene
1, 3, 5-trichlorobenzene
1,2, 5-trichlorobenzene
P3/L1
<43
<36
<43
P3/L2
<32
<27
<32
P3/L3
<34
<28
<34
P3/L4
<34
<26
<34
P4/L2
<34
<20
<34
P4/L3
<30
<25
<30
P4/L4
<32
<27
<32
Q
See Table Al and Figures A3 and A4 for sampling protocol and location.
u o
Values are in ng/m , T = trace, ( ) and <, indicates limit of detection.
oo
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Table 3. ESTIMATED LEVELS OF HALOGENATED ORGANIC VAPORS IN AMBIENT AIR
FROM KIN-BUG DISPOSAL SITE, EDISON, NJ (PERIODS 5 & 6)a
Sampling Period/Location"
Chemical
methylene chloride
chloroform
carbon tetrachloride
vinyl chloride
vinylidene chloride
1 , 2-dichloroethylene
1, 1-dichloroethane
1, 2-dichloroethane
1,1,1- tr ichloroethane
1,1, 2- tr ichloroethane
trichloroethylene
tetrachloroethylene
1,1,1, 2-tetrachloroethane
1,1,2, 2-tetrachloroethane
pentachloroe thane
hexachloroethane
chlorobenzene
ja-dichlorobenzene
m-dichlorobenzene '• "
_p_-dichlorobenzene
P5/L1
T(1000)
17222
<125
<15000
<454
<454
<380
T(348)
T(417)
<294
T(132)
1360
<52
<52
<44
<44
T(132)
<88
T(88)
<79
P5/L2
T(1000)
11111
<125
<15000
<454
<454
<380
<348
T(417)
<294
T(132)
152
<29
<29
<25
<25
T(74)
T(49)
T(49)
<45
P5/L3
40000
19444
<125
<15000
<454
<454
<421
7575
3417
<263
18,940
25560
<29
<29
<25
<25
T(74)
1526
789
<45
P5/L4
100000
8334
7000
<15000
<454
<454
<421
9565
VLSOOOO
4467
3684
34632
<34
22285
<22
<22
12791
5087
839
<39
P6/L1
3000
944
3125
<15000
<454
<454
<421
T(347)
T(417)
<294
T(132)
694
<50 '
<50
<42
<42
T(77)
1500
659
75
P6/L2
T(1000)
2500
625
<16667
<500
<500
<320
<276
<417
<444
T(132)
1229
<33
<33
<28
<28
T(83)
T(55)
T(55)
<50
P6/L3
260000
27200
10600
<16667
<500 ,
<500
22700
27700
121000
<263
T(263)
394000
<315
15000
<263
<263
2656
9899
3526
474
P6/L4
42000
28334
7000
<16667
<500
<500
<400
260
75000
<312
10606
12500
<29
1389
<24
<24
918
300
T(48)
<43
(continued)
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Table 3 (cont'd)
Sampling Period/Location
Chemical
1,2,4- trichlorobenzene
1, 3, 5-trichlorobenzene
1, 2, 5-trichlorobenzene
P5/L1
<52
<44
<52
P5/L2
<30
<25
<30
P5/L3
<30
<25
<30
P5/L4
T(26)
<22
<26
P6/L1
<50
<42
<50
P6/L2
<33
<28
<33
P6/L3
<315
<263
<315
P6/L4
<29
T(24)
<29
See Table Al and Figures A5 and A6 for sampling protocol and locations.
•L O
Values in ng/m , T = trace, ( ) and < indicate limits of detection.
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Table 4. ESTIMATED LEVELS OF HALOGENATED ORGANIC VAPORS IN AMBIENT AIR
FROM KIN-BUC DISPOSAL SITE3
Period/Location
Chemical
vinyl chloride
1, 1-dichloroethane
1,1,1, 2-tetrachloroethane
1,1,2, 2-tetrachloroethane
pentachloroethane
hexachloroethane
o-dichlorobenzene
m-dichlorobenzene
£-dichlorobenzene
1, 2,4-trichlorobenzene
1,3,5-trichlorobenzene
1,2, 3-trichlorobenzene
vinylidene chloride
1,1,2- tr ichloroethane
PI/LI
<10714
<250
<22
<22
<17
<17
6320
<33
7000
167
1160
<22
<294
17571
P2/L2
<10000
<228
<20
<20
<17
<17
T(33)
T(33)
<30
<20
<17
<20
<263
<217
P3/2
<10714
<267
<20
<20
<17
<17
250
143
<30
<20
<17
<20
<294
<238
P4/KB
T(11538)
<444
<22
<22
<84
<84
12433
26583
<150
<100
<84
<100
<294
11435
P4/L5
<10000
<195
<20
<20
<17
<17
<33
<33
<30
<20
<17
<20
<285
<217
P5/4
<10000
<195
<20
<20
<8
<8
58
126
<10
<20
<8
<20
<263
<217
1See Table A2 and Figure A7 for sampling protocol and locations.
'Values in ng/m3, T = trace, ( ) and < indicate limits of detection.
-------
Table 5. ESTIMATED LEVELS OF HALOGENATED ORGANIC VAPORS IN AMBIENT AIR IN NEW JERSEY1
Chemical
methylene chloride
carbon tetrachloride
1, 2-dichloroethane
1, 1-dichloroethane
1, 1, 2-trichloroethane
1,1, 1, 2-tetrachloroethane
t
1, 1, 2, 2-tetrachloroethane
pentachloroethane
hexachloroe thane
o-dichlorobenzene
m-dichlorobenzene
£-dichlorobenzene
Paterson
1091b
<59
<212
<200
<167
<20
<20
<17
<17
<33
T(33)
<30
Hoboken
<454
833
<58
<160
<167
<20
<20
<17
<17
T(33)
T(33)
<30
City
Clifton
1545
T(59)
<213
<160
<167
<20
<20
<17
<17
<33
<33
<30
Fords
9286
334
<334
<285
<250
<24
<24
<17
<17
<34
<34
<34
Passaic
400
<50
<192
<145
<167
<20
<20
<17
<17
<33
T(33)
<30
Sayreville
14444
555
<263
<228
<217
<22
2872
<10
<10
106
157
<9
See Table A3 for sampling protocol.
Values in ng/m , T = trace, ( ) and < indicate limits of detection.
-------
Table 6. ESTIMATED LEVELS OF HALOGENATED ORGANIC VAPORS IN AMBIENT AIR FROM
TULSA, OKa
Sample Code"
Chemical
carbon tetrachloride
vinyl chloride
vinylidene chloride
1 , 2-dichloroethylene
1, 1-dichloroethane
1 , 2-dichloroethane
1,1, 1-trichloroethane
1,1,2-trichloroethane
trichloroethylene
tetrachloroethylene
1,1,1, 2-tetrachloroethane
1,1,2, 2-tetrachloroethane
pent achloroe thane
hexachloroethane
chlorobenzene
o-dichlorobenzene
m-dichlorobenzene
p-dichlorobenzene
LM-1
T(125)
<15000
T(454)
<454
<381
<348
T(417)
<294
<132
<49
<38
<38
<31
<31
<93
<62
<62
<56
DT-1
<154
<18750
<555
<555
<470
<444
<556
<357
<178
<66
<42
<42
<35
<35
<107
<70
<70
<63
B
<2
<15
I10
<10
<8
<8
<5
<5
<5
<7
<6
<6
<5
<5
<15
<10
<10
<9
LM-2
T(95)
<12000
<334
<334
<286
T(258)
T(334)
<250
T(100)
<36
<24
<24
<14
<14
T(42)
100 + 72
81 + 39
<26
DT-2
T(95)
<12000
<334
<334
<286
<258
T(334)
<250
T(100)
T(36)
<24
<24
<13
<13
<43
T(28)
<28
<26
V-l
T(143)
<16667
<500
<500
<421
<400
T(454)
<312
T(151)
T(54)
<24
<24
<13
<13
50 + 11
<26
T(26)
<23
B
<2
<15
<10
<10
<8
<8
<5
<5
£5
<7
<6
<6
<5
<5
<15
<10
<10
<9
(continued)
-------
Table 6 (cont'd)
Chemical
1, 2 , 4-trichlorobenzene
1, 3,5-trichlorobenzene
1,2, 3-trichlorobenzene
LM-1
<38
<31
<38
DT-1
<42
<35
<42
Sample Code
B LM-2
<6 <17
<5 <14
<6 <17
DT-2 V-l B
<17 <15 <6
<13 <13 <5
<17 <15 <6
o
See Table A4 for sampling protocol.
K T
Values in ng/m , T = trace, ( ) and < indicate limits of detection.
-------
Table 7, ESTIMATED LEVELS OF HALOGENATED ORGANIC VAPORS IN AMBIENT AIR
FROM HOUSTON, TX3
Sample Code
Chemical
methylene chloride
chloroform
carbon tetrachloride
vinyl chloride
1, 2-dichloroethylene
1,1-dichloroe thane
1,2-dichloroe thane
1,1, 1-trichlo roe thane
trichloroethylene
tetrachloroethylene
1,1, 1,2-tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
pen tachloroe thane
hexachloroe thane
chlorobenzene
o-di chlorobenzene
m-dichlorobenzene
£-di chlorobenzene
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
1,3,5-trichlorobenzene
1,2, 3-trichlorobenzene
vinylidene chloride
1,1,2-trichloroethane
TCI
4375 + 3125
3884 + 2884
T(154)
<18750
<555
<471
T(444)
T(555)
<179
T(55)
<67
<67
<55
<55
<167
<110
T(110)
<99
<67
<55
<67
<555
<357
HC1
2736 + 1014
2064 + 397
217 + 63
<18750
4525 + 1747
<471
<348
708 + 41
T(179(
69 + 8
<75
<75
<62
<62
<187
<125
T(127)
<112
<75
<62
<75
<555
<357
HC2
1100 + 100
292 + 125
T(125)
<15000
T(454)
<381
T(348)
533 + 116
T(132)
T(79)
<95
<95
<69
<79
T(283)
<159
T(159)
<143
<95
<79
<95
<454
<294
TC2
1000 + 0
400 + 25
T(125)
<15000
<454
<381
<348
995 + 5
158 + 26
<123
<105
<105
<88
<88
<263
<175
T(175)
<158
<123
<88
<123
427 + 27
<294
TC3
3428
500 + 333
T(95)
<12000
297 + 37
<357
T(258)
T(533)
<100
252 + 130
<67
<67
<56
<56
T(168)
T(112)
T(112)
<101
<67
<56
<67
<334
<250
HC5
4500 + 1643
T(125)
T(95)
<12000
T(334)
<285
T(258)
T(334)
T(250)
T(46)
<(55)
<55
<46
<46
T(139)
T(92)
T(92)
<(83)
T(55)
T(46)
<55
<334
<250
HC3
4142 + 428
327 + 77
T(95)
<12000
<(334)
<285
209 + 48
T(334)
72 + 28
262 + 77
<53
<53
<44
<44
T(132)
T(88)
T(88)
<80
<53
<44
<53
T(334)
<250
IIC4
1000
354 + 146
T(95)
<12000
T(334)
<285
T(258)
T(334)
T(250)
250 + 0
<89
<89
<75
<75
T(224)
<149
T(149)
<134
<89
T(75)
<89
<334
<334
B
£5
£3
£2
<15
<10
<8
<8
£5
£5
<5
<6
<6
<5
<5
<15
<10
<10
<9
<6
<5
<6
<10
<5
See Table A5 for sampling protocol.
Values in ng/m , T = trace, ( ) and < indicate limits of detection.
-------
Table 8.' ESTIMATED LEVELS OF HALOGENATED ORGANIC VAPORS IN AMBIENT AIR
FROM THE KANAWHA VALLEY, WVa
Period/Location"
Chemical
methylene chloride
chloroform
carbon tetrachloride
vinyl chloride
1, 2-dichloroethylene
1,1-dichlo roe thane
1,2-dichloroethane
1,1,1-trichlo roe thane
1,1, 2-trichloroethane
trtchloroethylene
tctrachloroethylene
1,1,1 ,2-tetrachloroethane
1, 1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
pen tachlo roe thane
hexachlo roe thane
chlorobenzene
£-dichlorobenzene
m-di chlorobenzene
£-di chlorobenzene
1,2, 4- trichlorobenzene
1,3, 5-trichlorobenzene
1,2, 3- trichlorobenzene
vinylidene chloride
PI/LI
T(1000)
T(167)
<625
<15000
<545
<380
T(347)
T(417)
<294
T(132)
<23
<23
<13
<13
<58
<39
<39
<35
<23
<13
<23
<454
P1/L2
T(1000)
T(167)
T(125)
<12000
<33A
<286
T(258)
T(334)
<250
T(100)
T(35)
<31
<31
<8
<8
<25
T(17)
T(28)
<15
<10
<8
<10
<334
P1/L3
.T<714)
/T(125)
<95
<12000
?(334)
<285
<258
T(334)
<250
<100
T(36)
<31
<31
<9
<9
<27
<18
T(18)
<16
<11
<9
<11
<334
P1/L4
T(714)
T(125)
T(95)
<12000
<334
<285
<258
T(334)
<250
300
<36
<31
<31
<10
<10
T(32)
<20
T(20)
<18
<12
<10
<12
<334
P1/L5
<625
<120
<91
<10000
T(322)
<345
T(250)
T(312)
<238
<98
T(36)
<30
<30
<9
<9
<32
<18
T(18)
<16
<11
<9
<11
<345
P2/L2
T(555)
T(97)
T(74)
<10000
<322
<345
<256
T(312)
-
T(98)
146
<30
<30
<9
<9
<32
T(18)
38
<16
<11
<9
<11
<345
P2/L3
778
T(97)
T(74)
<10000
T(322)
<345
<256
T(312)
<217
T(98)
T(26)
<30
<30
<9
<9
<32
<18
T-*-v-*-»+-j-»*-«*-i1 o T-* /^ 1r-*r*'}t-'ir\T-\o
See Tables A6 and A7 and Figures
3T - trace, values in parenth
limit. Values are in ng/m^.
indicate detection limit, and < = not detected at indicated detection
-------
Table 9. ESTIMATED LEVELS OF HALOGENATED ORGANIC VAPORS IN AMBIENT AIR
FROM THE KANAWHA VALLEY, WV3
Period/Cycle
Chemical
mcthylene chloride
chloroform
carbon tetrachloride
vinyl chloride
1, 2-dichloroethylene
1, 1-dichloroethane
1, 2-dichloroethane
1, 1 , 1-trichloroethane
1 ,1,2-trichloroethane
trichloroethylene
tetrachloroethylene
1, 1,1,2-tetrachloroethane
1,1,2, 2- te trachloroe thane
pen tachloroe thane
hexachloroe thane
chlorobenzene
o-di chlorobenzene
m-di chlorobenzene
£-dichlorobenzene
1,2, 4-trichlorobenzene
1,3,5-trichlorobenzene
1,2, 3-trichlorobenzene
vinylidene chloride
PI/LI
867
177
215
<10000
T(263)
<228
T(195)
278
<217
<74
109
<22
<22
<10
<10
T(29)
<19
101
<18
<12
<10
<12
T(263)
P1/L2
715
T(125)
T(95)
<12000
<334
<228
T(258)
T(334)
<250
<100
T(36)
<31
<31
<19
<19
T(56)
T(37)
T(37)
<34
<22
<19
<22
<334
P1/L3
T(714)
T(125)
T(95)
<12000
<334
<228
<258
T(334)
<250
<100
<36
<31
<31
<13
<13
<40
<27
<27
<24
<16
<13
<16
<334
P1/L4
T(714)
T(125)
T(95)
<12000
T(334)
<228
T(258)
T(334)
<250
360
T(360)
<31
<31
<13
<13
<40
T(27)
T(27)
<24
<16
<13
<16
<334
PI/1,5
T(714)
T(125)
T(95)
<12000
T(334)
<228
<258
T(334)
<250
T(100)
T(36)
<31
<31
<12
<12
T(36)
<24
T(24)
<22
<14
<12
<14
<334
P2/L2
11334
2161
2222
<10000
T(263)
<228
T(195)
3278
<217
179
1536
<20
<20
<17
<17
44
306
276
T(33)
<20
<17
<20
<263
P2/L3
T(555)
161
3630
<10000
<263
<228
T(195)
T(278)
<217
45
434
<22
<22
<12
<12
<35
T(23)
T(23)
<21
<14
<12
<14
<263
P2/L4
T(555)
1333
97
<10000
<263
<228
T(195)
T(278)
<217
358
52
<22
<22
<12
<12
T(37)
39
T(24)
<22
<15
<12
<15
<263
P2/L5
1778
T(97)
T(74)
<10000
T(263)
<228
T(195)
<278
<217
T(75)
<26
<22
<22
<9
<9
<26
<17
<17
<16
<12
<9
<12
<263
B
<7
£3
£2
<15
£10
<8
I8
£5
<5
£5
<7
<6
<6
<5
<5
<15
<10
<10
<9
<6
<5
<6
<10
aSee Tables A6 and A8 and Figures A8-A12 for sampling protocol and
DT = trace, values in parenthesis indicate detection limit, and < =
limit. Values are in ng/m^.
locations.
; not detected at
indicated detection
-------
Table 10. ESTIMATED LEVELS OF HALOGENATED ORGANIC VAPORS IN AMBIENT AIR
FROM THE KANAWHA VALLEY, WV3
Period /Location
Chemical
methylene chloride
chloroform
carbon tetrachloride
vinyl chloride
1, 2-dichloroethylene
1 , 1-dichloroethane
1, 2-dichloroethane
1,1,1-trichloroe thane
1,1,2-trichloro ethane
trichloroethylene
te trachloroethane
pen tachlo roe thane
hexachloroe thane
chlorobenzene
o-dichlorobenzene
m-dichlorobenzene
£-di chlorobenzene
1,2, 4-trichlorobenzene
1,3, 5-trichlorobenzene
1,2,3-trichlorobenzene
vinylidene chloride
1,1,1, 2- te trachloroethane
1,1, 2, 2- te trachloroethane
PI/LI
2818
428
529
<7500
T(212)
<160
T(151)
T(217)
<167
T(56)
T(20)
<14
<14
<44
<29
<29
<26
<17
<14
<17
<212
<17
<17
P2/L2
T(454)
T(71)
T(59)
<7500
T(213)
<160
151
T(217)
<167
T(56)
T(19)
<6
<6
<17
<9
<16
<8
<6
<6
<6
<213
<16
<16
P2/L5
T(454)
T(71)
T(59)
<7500
T(212)
<160
T(163)
T(217)
<94
T(55)
T(19)
<6
<6
T(18)
T(8)
T(8)
<7
<7
<6
<7
<212
<17
<17
P2/L7
T(454)
T(71)
T(59)
<7500
T(213)
<160
T(151)
T(217)
<167
T(55)
T(19)
<6
<6
T(18)
T(12)
T(12)
<7
<7
<6
<7
<213
<16
<16
P2/L8
4091
333
441
<7500
T(213)
<160
T(151)
T(217)
<167
T(55)
T(19)
<6
<6
T(18)
59
T(12)
<7
<7
<6
<7
<213
<16
<16
P3/L8
1636
T(71)
T(59)
<7500
T(213)
<160
T(151)
T(217)
<167
T(55)
T(19)
<6
<6
T(18)
<9
<18
<7
<7
<6
<7
<213
<16
<16
P3/L2
9818
262
500
<7500
T(213)
<160
T(151)
T(217)
<167
T(55)
T(19)
<6
<6
1(18)
T(9)
<9
<7
<7
<6
<7
<213
<16
<16
P3/L5
1272
T(71)
T(59)
<7500
<213
<160
T(151)
T(217)
<167
T(55)
T(19)
<6
<6
T(18)
T(9)
T(9)
<7
<7
<6
<7
<213
<16
<16
P3/L8
1636
T(71)
T(59)
<7500
<213
<160
T(151)
347
' 4167
T(55)
T(19)
<6
<6
T(18)
T(9)
T(9)
<7
<7
<6
<7
<213
<16
<16
P3/L9
1600
T(71)
T(59)
<7500
T(213)
<160
T(151)
T(217)
<167
<144
T(19)
<6
<6
T(18)
T(9)
T(9)
<7
<7
<6
<7
<213
<16
<16
See Table A6 and A9 and Figures A8-A12 for sampling protocol and locations.
T = trace, values in parenthesis indicate detection limit, and < = not detected at indicated detection
limit. Values are in rig/m3.
00
-------
Table 11. ESTIMATED LEVELS OF HALOGENATED ORGANIC VAPORS IN AMBIENT AIR
FROM FRONT ROYAL, VAa
Period /Location D
Clu-mlcal
mutliylcnc chloride
chloroform
carbon tetrachloride
vinyl chloride
1, 2-dichloroethylene.
I , 1-dichloroethane
1 , 2-dichloroechane
1,1, 1-trichloroethane
1, 1 ,2-trichloroethane
triclilorocthylene
tetrachloroethylene
1,1,1, 2-tctrachloroethane
1, 1,2,2-tctrachloroethane
pcntachloroethnne
hcxachlo roc thane
chlorobenzene
o-dlchlorobcnzene
m-di chlorobenzene
g-di chlorobenzene
1,2,4-trichlorobcnzene
1,3, 5- crl chlorobenzene
1 ,2,5-erlchlorobenzene
vinylidene chloride
PI/LI
1000
T(125)
<95
<12000
T(334)
<285
<258
T(334)
<250
<100
T(36)
<22
<22
<7
<7
<32
<14
<14
<13
<8
<7
<8
<334
P1/L2
1(714)
125
<95
<12000
<334
<285
<258
T(100)
<334
<100
20
<30
<30
<15
<15
<45
<30
T(27)
<27
<18
<15
<18
<334
P1/L3
1857
125
1(95)
<12000
<334
<285
<258
T(334)
<250
<100
<36
<30
<30
<8
<8
<32
<18
T(18)
<15
.<9
<8
<9
<334
P1/L4
2143
208
<95
<12000
T(500)
<285
<258
T(334)
<250
T(100)
T(36)
<30
<30
<22
<22
<66
<44
22
<39
<26
<22
<26
T(500)
P2/L3
97627
4800
190
<11538
<357
<258
<500
381
<98
T(98)
132
<30
<30
<7
<7
<32
T(13)
8
<12
<8
<7
<8
2500
P2/L5
2444
149
T(74)
<10000
<263
<228
<195
T(278)
<217
T(74)
26
<22
<22
<9
<9
T(26)
T(18)
T(18)
<16
<10
<9
<10
<263
P3/L2
4600
278
T(125)
<15000
<454
<476
T(348)
<667
<294
T(132)
35
<40
<40
<9
<9
T(44)
<18
T(17)
<16
<10
<9
<10
778
P3/L6
1000
T(125)
T(95)
<12000
<334
<285
<258
T(334)
<250
<100
31
<30
<30
<15
<15
<46
T(31)
T(31)
<28
<10
<15
<18
<334
B
^6
£3
<2
<15
£10
<8
<8
<5
<5
£5
<7 vo
<6
<6
<5
<5
<15
<10
<10
<9
<6
<5
<6
<10
See Tables A10 and All and Figures A13 for sampling
T = trace, values in parenthesis indicate detection
limit. Values are in
protocol and
limit, and <
locations.
= not detected at
indicated detection
-------
Table 12. ESTIMATED LEVELS OF HALOGENATED ORGANIC VAPORS IN AMBIENT AIR
FROM FRONT ROYAL, VAa
Periocl/Loc.ationb
Clicmlc.i I
mot hylcnc chloride
chloroform
carbon tutrachloridc
vinyl chloride
1 ,2-dicliloroethylene
1 , 1-dic hi oro ethane
1 , 2-dichloroethane
1 , 1, 1- trie hlo roe thane
1, 1 ,2-trlchloroethane
trlchlorocthylene
totrach loroethylene
1,1,1, 2-tetrachloroethane
1,1,2, 2-tetrachloroethane
pen tac hlo roe thane
hpxachloroethane
chlorobenzene
o-d I chlorobenzene
m-dl chlorobenzene
p_-dichlorobenzene
1 , 2,4-trlchlorobenzene
1,3, 5- t rlc hlo robe nzene
1,2, 5-tr Ichlorobenzene
vlnylldene chloride
ESee Tables A10 and A12
T = trace, values in. p;
l'2/Ll
8375
692
217
<12000
T(312)
<267
T(242)
T(294)
<227
T(96)
380
<15
<15
<12
<12
T(38)
58
35
<23
<15
<12
<15
<312
and Figure
arenthesis
P2/L2
40571
792
T(95)
<12000
T(334)
<285
T(258)
800
<250
T(100)
332
<30
<30
<12
<12
T(36)
T(24)
T(24)
<22
<14
<12
<14
§34
A13 for
indicate
P2/L3
.11428
1(125)
T(95)
<12000
T(334)
<285
T(258)
T(334)
<250
T(100)
36
<30
<30
<11
<11
T(32)
T(21)
T(21)
<19
<13
limit. .Values are in ng/m^.
-------
Table 13. ESTIMATED LEVELS OF HALOGENATED ORGANIC VAPORS IN AMBIENT AIR
FROM FRONT ROYAL, VA3
Period/Cycle
Chemical
methylcne chloride
chloroform
carbon tecrachlorlde
vinyl chloride
1 , 2-dlchloroethylene
1 , 1-dichloroethane
1, 2-dichloroe thane
1,1, l-trichloroechane
1 , 1 ,2-trlcliU>routliunu
t r IchlorootliyU'no
ti'tr.'ichloriu'tliylfine
1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane
1,1, 2,2-tetracliloroethane
pen tachlo roe thane
hexachloroe thane
chlorobenzene
o-dichlorobenzene
m-di chlorobenzene
jj-dichlorobenzene
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
1, 3,5-trichlorobenzene
1,2, 3-trichlorobenzene
vinylidene chloride
B
£5
I3
<2
<15
<10
<8
I8
£5
<5
<5
<7
<6
<6
<5
<5
I15
<10
<10
<9
<6
<5
<6
<10
P1/L2
1364
T(71)
<59
<7500
T(213)
<160
T(151)
T(217)
7
T(I55)
T(19)
<16
<16
<6
<6
T(18)
<9
T(9)
<7
<7
<6
<7
<213
P1/L7
2545
<71
<59
<7500
T(213)
<160
T(151)
T(217)
<|f>7
T(155)
T(19)
<16
<16
<6
<6
T(18)
T(9)
T(9)
<7
T(7)
<6
<7
<213
P1/L8
<454
<71
<59
<7500
<213
<160
<151
T(217)
7
T(1.55)
T(I9)
<16
<16
<6
<6
T(18)
T(9)
T(9)
<7
<7
<6
<7
<213
P1/L9
1091
<71
<59
<7500
T(213)
<160
T(151)
T(217)
7
T(155)
T(19)
<16
<16
<6
<6
T(18)
T(9)
T(9)
<7
<7
<6
<7
<213
P2/L2
1818
<71
T(59)
<7500
T(213)
<160
T(151)
T(217)
7
T(I55)
T(19)
<16
<16
<6
<6
T(18)
T(9)
T(9)
<7
<7
<6
<7
<213
P2/L7
2090
T(71)
<59
<7500
T(213)
<160
T(151)
T(217)
7
T(155)
T(19)
<16
<16
<6
<6
T(18)
T(9)
T(9)
<7
<7
<6
<7
<213
P2/L8
6273
119
T(59)
<7500
T(213)
<160
T(151)
T(217)
'
-------
Table 14. ESTIMATED LEVELS OF HALOGENATED ORGANIC VAPORS IN AMBIENT AIR
FROM SOUTH CHARLESTON, WVa
Sample Code
Chemical
methylene chloride
chloroform
carbon tetrachloride
vinyl chloride
vinylidene chloride
1, 2-dichloroethylene
1 , 1-dichloroethane
1, 2-dichloroethane
1, 1,1-trichloroethane
1, 1,2-trichloroethane
trichloroethylene
tetrachloroethylene
1, 1,1,2-tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
pentachloroe thane
hexachloroethane
chlorobenzene
^-dichlorobenzene
m-dichlorobenzene ..-
j>-dichlorobenzene
SC-1
821 + 107
416 + 162
T(95)
<12000
<334
<334
<357
<258
5026 + 1093
<250
<100
<132
<113
<113
<94
<94
<283
<189
<189
<169
SC-2
T(714)
425 + 200
T(95)
<12000
<334
<334
<357
<258
2663 + 270
<250
<100
<104
<128
<128
<106
<106
<319
<213
<213
<191
SC-3
T(714)
478 + 188
T(95)
<12000
<334
<334
<357
T(258)
2300 + 167
<250
<100
<104
<128
<128
<106
<106
<319
<213
<213
<191
SC-4
T(714)
383 + 129
T(95)
<12000
<334
<334
<357
<258
2867 + 400
<250
<100
<104
<128
<128
<106
<106
T(319)
<213
<213
<191
SC-5
T(714)
826 + 131
T(95)
<12000
<334 .
<334
<357
<258
1820 + 580
<250
<100
<163
<139
<139
^ 11 o
^ 11 0
T(349)
<232
<232
<209
B
£5
<11
<2
<15
<10
<10
<8
<8
<5
<5
<5
<7
<6
<6
<5
<5
<15
<10
<10
<9
•(continued)
-------
Table 14 (cont'd)
Sample Code
Chemical . SC-1 SC-2 SC-3 SC-4 SC-5 B
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene <113 <128 <128 <128 <139 <6
1,3,5-trichlorobenzene <94 <106 <106 <106 <116 <5
1,2,5-trichlorobenzene <113 <128 <128 <128 <139 <6
Q
See Table A14 for sampling protocol.
Values in ng/m , T = trace, ( ) and < indicate limits of detection. Duplicate analysis..
co
-------
Table 15. ESTIMATED LEVELS OF HALOGENATED ORGANIC VAPORS IN AMBIENT AIR
FROM BIRMINGHAM, ALa
Chemical
methylene chloride
chloroform
carbon tetrachloride
vinyl chloride
1, 2-dichloroethylene
1, 1-dichloroethane
1 , 2-dichloroethane
1,1, 1- tr ichloroe thane
1 , 1 , 2- trichlproethane
trichloroethylene
tetrachloroethylene
1,1,1, 2-tetrachloroethane
1,1,2, 2-tetrachloroethane
pentachloroethane
hexachloroethane
chlorobenzene
o-dichlorobenzene
m-dichlorobenzene
£-dichlorobenzene
BR-1
286
375
<95
<12000
<300
<285
<258
2267
<250
T(100)
T(25)
<113
<113
<94
<94
38
T(189)
T(188)
T(170)
BR-2
<715
146 + 21
T(95)
<10000
<450
<381
205 + 12
2067 + 267
<250
134 + 2
58+7
<50
<50
<46
<46
122 + 54
<85
278 + 19
<76
Sample
BR-3
<715
<125
<95
<12000
<334
<285
399 + 52
2100 + 233
<250
T(100)
T(65)
<56
<56
<46
<46
98+ 42
<94
557 + 196
<84
Codeb
BR-4
T(715)
T(125)
T(95)
<12000
<334
<285
<258
1867
<250
T(100)
T(65)
<56
<56
<46
<46
T(141)
T(94)
T(94)
<84
BR-5
1071 + 357
1096 + 690
T(95)
<12000
<334 •
<285
<258
T(334)
<250
T(100)
T(65)
<56
<56
<46
<46
1000
348
<95
<83
B
<5
<3
<2
<15
<10
<10
<8
<5
<5
<5
<7
<6
<6
<5
<5
<15
<10
<10
<9
(continued)
-------
Table 15 (cont'd)
Sample Code
Chemical
1,2, 4-trichlorobenzene
1, 3, 5-trichlorobenzene
1,2, 3-trichlorobenzene
vinylidene chloride
BR-1 BR-2
<113 <50
<94 <42
<113 <50
<334 <450
BR-3
<55
T(55)
<55
<334
BR-4
<56
<47
<56
<334
BR-5
<56
<47
<55
<334
B
<6
<5
<6
<10
See Table A15 for sampling protocol.
bValues in ng/m , T = trace, ( ) and < indicate limits of detection. Duplicate analyses,
to
Ui
-------
Table 16. ESTIMATED LEVELS OF HALOGENATED ORGANIC VAPORS IN AMBIENT AIR
FROM BATON ROUGE, LAa
Chemical
methylene chloride
chloroform
carbon tetrachloride
vinyl chloride
1, 2-dichloroethylene
1,1-dichloro ethane
1 , 2-dichloroethane
1, 1,1-trichloroethane
1,1, 2- trichloroethane
trichloroethylene
tetrachloroethylene
.1,1,1, 2- tetrachloroethane
1,1,2, 2-tetrachloroethane
pentachloroethane
hexachloroethane
chlorobenzene
o-dichlorobenzene
m-dichlorobenzene
_p_-dichlorobenzene
BA-1
1229 + 229
1444 + 277
187 + 62
<15000
<454
<380
<348
500 + 83
<294
T(132)
T(59)
<51
<51
<42
<42
T(153)
T(84)
T(102)
<76
BA-2
1449 + 337
1700 + 233
T(142)
<16670
<526
<444
<424
2250 + 1750
<334
T(172)
T(60)
<52
<52
<42
<42
T(128)
T(85)
T(85)
<77
Sample Codeb
BA-3
1900 + 900
1417 + 750
T(125)
<15000
<454
<380
<348
T(416)
<294
T(132)
T(60)
<52
<52
<42
<42
<130
T(87)
T(87)
<78
BA-4
1000
1389
T(125)
<15000
<454 . ,
<380
<348
T(416)
<294
<132
<67
<58
<58
<48
<48
<142
<95
<95
<85
B
<5
<3
<2
<15
<10
<8
<8
T(5)
<5
<5
<7
<6
<6
<5
<5
<15
<10
<10
<9
N>
(continued)
-------
Table 16 (cont'd)
Sample Code
Chemical BA-1
1,2, 4-trichlorobenzene <51
1, 3,5-trichlorobenzene <42
1,2, 3-trichlorobenzene <51
vinylidene chloride <454
BA-2
<52
<42
<52
<526
BA-3
<52
<42
<52
<454
BA-4
<58
<48
<58
<454
B
<6
<5
<6
<10
3See Table A16 for sampling protocol.
bValues in ng/m3, T = trace, ( ) and < indicate limits of detection. Duplicate analyses.
ro
-------
Table 17. ESTIMATED LEVELS OF HALOGENATED ORGANIC VAPORS IN AMBIENT AIR
FROM HOUSTON, TXa
Sample Code
Chemical
methylene chloride
chloroform
carbon tetrachloride
vinyl chloride
1,2-dichloroethylene
1 , 1-dichloroethane
1 , 2-dichloroethane
1 , 1, 1-trichloroethane
1,1,2-trichloroethane
trichloroethylene
tetrachloroethylene
1,1,1,2- tetrachloroethane
1,1,2, 2- tetrachloroethane
pent achloroe thane
hexachloroethane
chlorobenzene
o-dichlorobenzene
m-dichlorobenzene
£-dichlorobenzene
HO-1
T(714)
541 + 166
T(92)
<12000
<334
<285
123 + 10
367 + 33
<250
T(100)
T(62)
<53
<53
<43
<43
<133
<88
<88
<80
HO- 2
4555 + 1555
2282 + 162
T(87)
<10,000
<312
<258
157 + 36
235 + 59
<227
T(100)
57 + 4
<53
<53
<43
<43
T(132)
T(88)
T(88)
<80
(continued)
HO- 3
1222 + 111
519 + 58
T(87)
<10,000
<312
<267
242 + 0
T(470)
<227
130 + 10
T(44)
<53
<53
<43
<43
T(132)
<88
T(88)
<80
HO-4
2642 + 1214
896 + 396
T(95)
<12000
<334
<285
242 + 16
T(334)
<250
T(100)
<150
<50
<50
<40
<40
125 + 0
T(83)
T(83)
<75
HO- 5
2250 + 750
795 + 147
T(133)
<16667
<476 •
<296
345 + 63
T(454)
<312
T(135)
130 + 26
<52
<52
<43
<43
52
T(86)
T(87)
<78
Bc
<5
<3
<2
<15
<10
<8
<8
<5
<5
<5
<7
<6
<6
<5
<5
<15
<10 .
<10
<9
ro
oo
-------
Table 17 (cont'd)
Sample Code
Chemical
1,2, A- trichlorobenzene
1, 3, 5-trichlorobenzene
1,2, 3-trichlorobenzene
vinylidene chloride
HO-1
<53
<43
<53
<334
HO- 2
<53
T(43)
<53
<312
HO- 3
<53
<43
<53
<312
HO- 4
<50
<40
<50
<334
HO- 5
<52
<43
<52
<476
Bc
<6
<5
<6
<10
o
See Table A17 for sampling protocol.
u o *
Values in ng/m , T = trace, ( ) and < indicate limits of detection. Duplicate analyses.
£
Results from four blanks, ng/cartridge.
-------
Table 10. ESTIMATED LEVELS OF HALOGENATED ORGANIC VAPORS IN AMBIENT AIR
FROM UPLAND, CA3
Chemical
methylene chloride
chloroform
carbon tetrachloride
vinyl chloride
1, 2-dichloroethylene
1, 1-dichloroethane
1, 2-dichloroethane
1,1, 1-trichloroethane
1,1, 2- trichloroethane
trichloroethylene
tetrachloroethylene
1,1,1, 2- tetrachloroe thane
1,1,2, 2- tetrachloroe thane
pentachloroethane
hexachloroe thane
chlorobenzene
o-dichlorobenzene
m-dichlorobenzene
j5-dichlorobenzene
UP-1
UP- 2
27250 + 17750 42000 + 32000
4423 + 1346
T(153)
<18750
<555
<470
T(277)
805 + 528
<277
T(178)
1260 + 458
<62
<62
<52
<52
T(156)
T(104)
114 + 10
<93
14730 + 13115
1461 + 0
<18750
<555
<470
861 + 140
51721 + 10055
<277
3428 + 2143
7259 + 155
<56
<56
<13
<13
152 + 12
20 + 9
382 + 107
<23
(continued)
Sample Code
UP- 3
1875 + 125
1269 + 269
T(154)
<18750
<555
<470
T(444)
2344 + 0
<357
T(178)
1207 + 113
<54
<54
<44
<44
T(136)
T(90)
87 + 22
<81
UP- 4
7750 + 250
1615 + 769
T(153)
<18750
<555
<470
T(444)
589 + 410
<357
T(178)
70 + 23
<54
<54
<44
<44
T(136)
T(90)
T(90)
<81
Bc
T(5)
T(5)
T(2)
<15
<10
<8
<8
<5
<5
<5
<7
<6
<6
<5
<5
<15
<10
<10
<9
-------
Table 18 (cont'd)
Sample Code
Chemical
1,2, 4- trichlorobenzene
1, 3,5-trichlorobenzene
1,2, 3-trichlorobenzene
vinylidene chloride
UP-1 UP- 2
<62 <16
<52 <13
<52 <16
<555 <555
UP-3
<54
<44
<54
<555
UP-4
<54
<44
<54
<555
BC
<6
<5
<6
<10
Q
See Table A18 for sampling protocol.
Ti *}
Values in ng/m , T = trace, ( ) and < indicate limits of detection. Duplicate analyse's.
Q
Average of 4 blanks, ng/cartridge.
-------
Table 19. ESTIMATED LEVELS OF HALOGENATED ORGANIC VAPORS IN AMBIENT AIR
FROM UPLAND, CA3
Chemical
methylene chloride
chloroform
carbon tetrachloride
vinyl chloride
1 , 2-dichloroethylene
1 , 1-dichloroethane
1, 2-dichloroethane
1,1,1-trichloroethane
1,1,2- trichloroethane
trichloroethylene
tetrachloroethylene
1,1,1, 2-tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2- tetrachloroethane
pentachloroethane
hexachloroethane
chlorobenzene
o-dichlorobenzene
m-dichlorobenzene
£-dichlorobenzene
UP- 7
34555 + 14333
885 + 448
T(142)
<16667
<500
<421
T(250)
616 + 383
<312
T(167)
281 + 42
<62
<62
<51
<51
T(156)
T(104)
T(104)
<93
UP- 8
40000 + 888
533 + 199
T(134)
<16667
T(500)
<421
T(400)
T(454)
<312
T(167)
89 + 29
<16
<16
<6
<6
T(59)
T(26)
T(26)
<23
(continued)
Sample Code
UP- 9
44250 + 22000
884 + 654
T(153)
<18750
<555
<470
T(444)
944 + 166
<357
T(179)
98 + 42
<51
<51
<41
<41
<127
<84
T(84)
<76
UP-10
37750 + 12000
423 + 38
T(153)
<18750
<555
<470
T(444)
739 + 204
<357
T(179)
188 + 56
<56
<56
<46
<46
<139
T(92)
T(92)
<83
Bc
£5
I3
<2
<15
<10
<8
<8
<5
<5
<5
<7
<6
<6
<5
<5
<15
<10
<10
<9
-------
Table 19 (cont'd)
Sample Code
Chemical UP-7
1, 2,4-trichlorobenzene <61
1, 3,5-trichlorobenzene <51
1, 2, 3-trichlorobenzene <61
vinylidene chloride <500
UP-8 UP-9 UP-10
<16 <51 <56
<6 <41 <46
<16 <51 <56
<500 <555 <555
Bc
<6
<5
<6
<10
Q
See Table A19 for sampling protocol.
b 3 '
Values in ng/m , T = trace, ( ) and < indicate limits of detection. Duplicate analyses.
Q
Average of 4 blanks, ng/cartridge. oj
CO
-------
Table 20. ESTIMATED LEVELS OF HALOGENATED ORGANIC VAPORS IN AMBIENT AIR
FROM MAGNA, UT3
Chemical
methylene chloride
chloroform
carbon tetrachloride
vinyl chloride
1, 2-dichloroethylene
1 , 1-dichlrooethane
1,1, 1-trichloroethane
1,1, 2-trichloroethane
trichloroethylene
tetrachlorpethylene
1,1,1, 2-tetrachloroethane
1, 1, 2, 2-tetrachloroethane
pentachloroethane
hexachloroethane
chlorobenzene
o-dichlorobenzene
m-dichlorobenzene
2~dichlorobenzene
Bc
<5
<3
T(2)
<15
<10
<8
<5
<5
<5
<7
. <6
<6
<5
<5
<15
<10
<10
<9
SA-1
T(714)
<123
T(95)
<12000
T(334)
<258
T(334)
<250
<100
79 + 30
<42
<42
<32
<32
T(105)
T(70)
T(70)
<63
Sample
SA-2
23714 + 13428
T(125)
166 + 71
<12000
<334
<258
T(334)
<250
T(100)
80 + 31
<42
<42
<32
<32
T(104)
<69
T(69)
<62
Codeb
SA-3
6071 +785
T(125)
118 + 23
<12000
T(334)
<258
T(334)
<250
T(100)
T(54)
<46
<46
<36
<36
T(115)
<77
T(77)
62
SA-4
2071 +929
T(208) .
T(95)
<12000
T(334)
<334
T(334)
<250
T(100)
T(34)
<42
<42
<32
<32
T(104)
T(69)
T(69)
62
SA-5
5714
T(208)
T(95)
<12000
<334
T(334)
T(334)
<250
T(39)
<69
<46
<46
<36
<36
<115
<77
T(77)
<69
(continued)
-------
Table 20 (cont'd)
Sample Code
Chemical
1, 2 , 4-trichlorobenzene
1, 3, 5-trichlorobenzene
1, 2, 3-trichlorobenzene
vinylidene chloride
B
<6
<5
<6
<16
SA-1
<42
<32
<42
<334
SA-2
<42
<32
<42
<334
SA-3
<46
<36
<46
<334
SA-4
<42
<32
<42
<334
SA-5
<46
<36
<46
<334
See Table A20 for sampling protocol.
•L *}
Values in ng/m , T = trace, ( ) and < indicate limits of detection. Duplicate analyses.
°Average of 4 blanks, ng/cartridge.
u>
en
-------
Table 21. ESTIMATED LEVELS OF HALOGENATED ORGANIC VAPORS IN AMBIENT AIR FROM
GRAND CANYON, AR3
Sample Code
Chemical
carbon tetrachloride
vinyl chloride
vinylidene chloride
1, 2-dichloroethylene
1 , 1-dichloroethane
1, 2-dichloroethane
1, 1, 1-trichloroethane
1,1, 2-trichloroethane
trichloroethylene
tetrachloroethylene
1,1,1, 2-tetrachloroethane
1, 1, 2, 2-tetrachloroethane
pentachloroethane
hexachloroethane
chlorobenzene
o-dichlorobenzene
m-dichlorobenzene
j3-dichlorobenzene
GC-1
<59
<7500
T(260)
<260
<208
<208
218 + 1
<167
T(130)
<234
<156
<156
<130
<130
<390
<260
T(260)
<234
GC-2
<59
<7500
<260
<260
<208
<208
T(217)
<167
T(130)
<234
<156
<156
<130
<130
<390
<260
260
<234
GC-3
<59
<7500
T(260)
<260
<208
<208
T(217)
<167
T(130)
T(234)
<156
<156
<130
<130
<390
<260
T(260)
<234
GC-4
T(59)
<7500
T(260)
260
<208
<208
T(217)
<167
T(130)
T(234)
<156
<156
<130
<130
<390
<260
T(260)
<234
GC-5
T(59)
<7500
T(260)
<260
<208
<208
T(217)
<167
<130
T(234)
<156
<156
<130
<130
<390
<260
T(260)
<234
GC-6
T(59)
<7500
T(260)
<260
<208
<208
T(217)
<167
T(130)
T(234)
<156
<156
<130
<130
T(390)
<260
T(260)
<234
GC-7
T(59)
<7500
<260
<260
<208*
<208
T(217)
<167
T(130)
T(234)
<156
<156
<130
<130
T(390)
<260
T(260)
<234
BC
<2
<15
<10
<10
<8
<8
<5
<5
<5
<1
<6
<6
<5
<5
<15
<10
<10
<9
LO
CT\
(continued)
-------
Table 21 (cont'd)
Sample Code
Chemical
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
1, 3, 5-trichlorobenzene
1, 2,3-trichlorobenzene
GC-1
<156
<13Q
<156
GC-2
<156
<130
<156
GC-3
<156
<130
<156
GC-4
<156
<130
<156
GC-5
<156
<130
<156
GC-6
<156
<130
<156
GC-7
<156
<130
<156
BC
<6
<5
<6
See Table A21 for sampling protocol.
•l O
Values in ng/m , T = trace, ( ) and < indicates limits of detection. Duplicate analyses.
c «
Average of 4 blanks, ng/cartridge.
-------
Table 22. ESTIMATED LEVELS OF AMBIENT AIR POLLUTANTS IN GEISMAR, LA AREA'
Compound
nitrobenzene
2 , 4-dlnitrobenzene
dinitrobenzene isomer
diphenylamlne
1, 2-dichloroethane
carbon tetrachloride
tetrachloroethylene
chloroform
1,1, 2- trichlo roe thane
methylene chloride
1,1, 1- trichlo roe thane
1 , 2-dichloropropane
1, 1-dichlo roe thane
chiorobenzene
vinylidene chloride
benzene
benzothiazole
2, 5-diisobutylthiophene
L-12
NDb
ND
ND
ND
683
400
46
1571
120
1700
T
ND
ND
ND
ND
287
ND
ND
L-13
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1133
86
3057
150
1909
250
1163
ND
ND
ND
3712
ND
ND
L-14A
ND
ND
ND
ND
10333
1433
43
3000
5450
727
200
ND
235
93
T
1562
ND
ND
L-15
ND
ND
ND
ND
7844
300
86
11742
9611
1714
200
121
75
93
ND
1363
ND
T
L-R1
T
T
T
T
232
183
11
857
ND
700
75
ND
ND
T
ND
975
T
ND
L-14B
ND
ND
ND
ND
4689
4667
100
9943
6900
545
175
71
550
143
200
575
ND
ND
L-16
ND
ND
ND
ND
1555
10100
36
999
ND
772
400
39
133
171
ND
261
ND
ND
L-R2
107
27
T
T
100
300
7
943
ND
442
ND
3999
ND
900
ND
1212
T
ND
L-S
ND
ND
ND
ND
800
286
32
10355
320
2333
80
ND
ND
ND
ND
520
ND
ND
L-B
ND
ND
ND
ND
1444
2633
100
1257
ND
454
675
36
167
ND
ND
712
ND
ND
aSee Table A22 and Fig. A14 for sampling protocol and locations, respectively. Values are in ng/m ,
b
00
ND
not detected.
-------
Table 23. VOLATILE ORGANIC VAPORS ESTIMATED IN AMBIENT AIR OF
BATON ROUGE, LA AND VICINITY3
Locat Ions
Chemical
1 . 1 , 1- 1 rich In roe thane
l.r-dichltiroothane
c.irbon t ecracliloride
trt rai'hlorue'l hy 1 cne
chloroform
d i clilorobut ane
1 ,J-d it'll lnn>prnp:inc
cti loroc-thane
vinylidijne chloride
1 , 1-dichloro'j th.ine
1 . 1 ,2-t rich loroc thane
hfx.ii'hloru-l . 3-butadiene
chloroprene
henLrne
acetone
muthylcne chloride
f.-chlorost yrene
d i ch lorohrnr.cnc Isonier(s)
chloroprcne dimer
ch 1 orobonzene
1 , 1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
L17
178
137
874
84
6.710
193
NO
Nl)
HD
ND
ND
ND
ND
11,050
1,035
2,800
HI)
ND
ND
. "D
ND
L18
ND
712
152
34
6,968
ND
Nl)
ND
ND
Ni>
ND
NO
ND
2,678
1,482
2,160
Nl)
ND
ND
Nl)
ND
L19
ND
458
289
32
1,290
ND
ND
ND
NR
ND
ND
ND
ND
2,535
176
280
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
L20A
ND
585
ND
ND
181
ND
ND
ND
Nl)
Nl)
ND
• ND
ND
80
729
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
L21
178
78
74
60
4,775
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
(ID
X
1,220
682
1,999
X
ND
X
ND
ND
LJ2
ND
Nl)
ND
11
387
[ID
HO
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
' ND
8,099
1,521
160
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
L20B
ND
887
311
44
542
ND
ND
ND
ND
68
ND
HD
ND
9,217
1,835
280
ND
HD
ND
HD
ND
1,23
200
731
592
53
1,484
ND
30
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND.
ND
2,132
2,941
840
ND
X
ND
ND
ND
L24
178
712
533
43
1,097
ND
ND
NU
ND
ND
80
ND
ND
1,456
3,294
440
ND
ND
ND
Ml)
ND
L25A
222
10,341
311
33
560
ND
ND
ND
ND
90
ND
ND
ND
676
1,447
240
ND
HD
ND
ND
HD •
L26A
ND
751
533
64
368
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
54
ND
ND
650
988
160
ND
ND
ND
HD
T
L27
78 + 24
322 + 0
148 + 0
20 + 0
568 +• 13
HD
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
533
68 + 23
320 + 76
HD
HD
ND
ND
ND
L28
ND
3,229
429
364
839
ND
ND
ND
ND
NU
ND
ND
ND
2,665
729
200
ND
HD
HD
ND
ND
L25B
ND-
2,000
163
13
387
13
ND
ND
HD
34
HD
HD
HD
1,248
188
280
ND
ND
NO
HD
ND
L26B
ND
1,522
119
47
464
ND
ND
ND
ND
64
ND
23
ND
3.796
423
320
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
L29
200
ND
74
17
258
ND
ND '
ND •
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
273
329
160
ND
ND
ND
10
ND
LEb
ND
5,024
1,037
250
2,129
ND
ND
, ND
ND
233
533
117
ND
1,040
1,765
680
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
L30
167
302
192
18
477
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1,326
329
160
ND
X
ND
NU
71
aSee Table A23 and Figure A15 and A16, values in ng/m .
Downwind of several petroleum facilities.
to
10
-------
40
Table 24. MINIMUM TOTAL HALOGENATED HYDROCARBON VAPOR IN
AMBIENT AIR OF BATON ROUGE, LAa
Location
L17
L18
L19
L20A
L21
L22
L20B
L23
L24
ng/m-
10,976
10,326
2,349
762
7,164
558
2,132
3,930
3,083
Location
L25A
L26A
L27
L28
L25B
L26B
L29
LE
L30
ng/m
11,797
1,925
1,456
6,517
9,407
2,559
709
10,003
1,387
Concentrations of each halogenated hydrocarbon in previous Table was
summed for each location.
-------
Table 25. CONCENTRATIONS OF AMBIENT AIR POLLUTANTS IN IBERVILLE PARISH, LOUISIANA8
Locations
Compound
1,1,1-trichlorocthane
1,2-dichlorocthane
vinyl chloride
carbon letracliloride
diclilorobutane
letrachlorocthylene
1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
chloroform
1,2-dichloropropane
chloroethane
vinylidene chloride
1,1-dichloroethane
dichloropropene
1,1,2-trichloroethane
tetrachlorobutadienc
hcxnchloro-1,3-butadiene
1,3-dichloropropene
trichloropropane
tctrachloroprupane isomer
pcntachlorocthane
Lis- (2-cliloroisopropyl) ether
hexachloroelhane
pcntachlorobutadiene
chlorotoluene
chlorobenzene
benzene
LI
1100-20
1726-345
NQ1'
800...800
153*70
82*20
52*1
1988*122
944*172
NQ
NQ
NDC
ND
580-:60
ND
ND
10.-.5
ND
ND
ND
GG-22
ND
ND
ND
ND
1808*163
L2
1820*100
1219.-0
NQ
ND
2714*2000
977*900
264*191
419*0
735t37
NQ
NQ
ND
ND
ND
139*70
ND
ND
ND
32-30
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
1727
L3
68*8
9(7
NQ
20*10
71*45
ND
ND
ND
1015*620
NQ
NQ
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1990*436
L4
1500-20
1590-45
NQ
ND
ND
21-0
ND
633*10
ND
NQ
NQ
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
586*23
L5
430-50
399-28
NQ
ND
ND
54*3
T
956*112
209*4
NQ
NQ
ND
ND
36*0
ND
ND
T
ND
ND
T
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1423*41
LG
2680*0
3727*1127
NQ
T
7285*1571
489*70
ND
2433*100
1363*33
NQ
NQ
T
106*4
2GO±18
T
18*3
ND
T
242*36
ND
T
T
ND
ND
ND
1904*86
L7
8760*1160
4709*200
NQ
4628*1100
1392*178
1224*173
1573*243
5866*688
2239*136
NQ
NQ
478*56
261*92
1840*440
17*11
37*15
ND
24i9
13*6
13*5
363*152
T
T
ND ,
ND
1904*86
L8
1556*0
362*4
NQ
335*250
ND
159*170
ND
1080*468
T
NQ
NQ
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
35*7
29*10
16077*3714
L9
524*61
304*36
NQ
667*200
54*25
27*3
148*133
511*327
ND
NQ
NQ
ND •
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
6181*2480
L10
416*27
146*24
NQ
277*18
ND
30*10
ND
1387*161
ND
NQ
NQ
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
NO
ND
ND
NO
ND
1668*188
L11
112t56
91*30
NQ
ND
ND
16*8
ND
1113*274
ND
NQ
NQ
NO
ND
ND £
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
421*71
3Values are in ng/m with reproducibility for duplicate cartridges
locations.
see Table A24 and Figures A17 and A18 for protocol and
3NQ = not quantitated, these compounds were collected and analyzed from carbon cartridges.
CND = not detected.
-------
Table 26. CONCENTRATIONS OF AMBIENT AIR POLLUTANTS IN IBERVILLE PARISH, LA£
Compound
Chloroacetylene
Vinyl chloride
Chloroethane
Vinylidene chloride
Location
LI
ND
192
ND
128
L2
ND
1,230
ND
36
L3
12
30
ND
ND
L4
ND
T
ND
ND
L5
58
59
ND
ND
L6
ND
534
ND
132
L7
45
1,334
1,378
990
L8
T
64
ND
ND
L9
T
76
ND
ND
L10
ND
ND
ND
ND
Lll
ND
ND
ND
ND
Bb
ND
ND
ND
ND
a
Pollutants which passed through the Tenax GC cartridge were collected on carbon then
transferred to Tenax in the lab via thermal desorption, values are in ng/m^.
b
B = blank carbon cartridge.
-------
Table 27. AMBIENT AIR LEVELS OF HALOGENATED AND OTHER ORGANICS IN HOUSTON, PASADENA,
DEER PARK, FREEPORT AND LA PORTE, TX AREAS
Chemical Class
HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS
2-chloro-l,3-butadiene
(chloroprene)
dichloropropene isomer
(tent.)
chloroform
vinylidene chloride
1 , 1-dichloroethane
1,2-dichloroethane
dibromoethane
1,1, 1-trichloroethane
carbon tetrachloride
dichloropropane isomer
trichloroethylene
dichlorobutane isomer
dichlorobutene isomer
1,1,2-trichloroethane
tetrachloroethylene
dichlorobutane isomer
dichloropropene isomer(s)
1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane
bis-(2-chloroisopropyl)-
ether
hexachloro-l,3-butadiene
1 , 2-dibromopropane
1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
1,2, 3-trichloropropane
pen tachlo roe thane
perchloroechane
HL1 HL2 HL3 PL1 PL2 DSL1
4,000a 266
-
11,539 - 11,538 T T 53,846
-
- - - 555
T - - - 158 66,300
158
522 - 900 - T
238 114 T T 146 846
- T
75 - 39 76 5,071 321
700
262
----- 6,700
29 T 21 20 18
52
180
90
90
_
_
_____
_____
_ _ _ _ _
_
_____
-----
PSL2 DDL1
_
_ _
6,420 7,692
. _
_ _
6,722
_ _
144
T T
-
2,535
_ _
_
-
T 2,019
_ _
-
-
_
334
-
-
-
-
-
DTL1 DTL2 DTL3 DTL4
_
_ _ _ _
1,923 8,846 T 15,384
_
_ _
T 4,055 T T
_ _
1,000 400 400
T T 276 69
2,586 -
_ _
_ _ _ _
T -
3,334 -
75 68 - 72
_ _ _
T,T 241 - T
1,291
72
1,293
345
_
_
2,066 - 25
- -
19 -
- -
- -
- -
FL2 FL3 LL1 LL2
"
_
_ _ _ -
280 T 8,461 8,850
531 - -
_
3,300 4,500 778
T - -
16,600 15,200 3,889 27,700
11,538 T T 1,230
69 1,478
107 200 - 43
_ _ - -
_
3,821
94 "1,585 17 83
_ _ _ _
_ .
21
27 333
13.3 8.3 - T
_ . T
33
298 - -
3,984
2,903
LL3
-
-
7,692
-
-
-
-
T
T
T
T
_
-
-
T
-
-
-
T
T
-
-
-
-
-
(continued)
-------
Table 27 (cont'd)
Chemical Class '. HL1 HL2 HL3
tetrachlorobutadiene isomer
pentachlorobucadiene
isomer(s) -
vinyl chloride - - -
crichloroptopene
isomer (s) -
OXYGENATED COMPOUNDS
1-butyl isobutyrate T 1,233
2-butyl-n-butyrate : 330
n-butyl-n-butyrate - 600
dimethyl phthalate T - -
diethyl phthalate - 113
amyl benzoate T
dibutyl phthalate -
amyl benzoate -
dibutyl phthalate -
methyl methacrylate - -
isobutyl methacrylate -
n-butyl methacrylate - - -
sec-butyl acrylate - -
n-butyl acrylate - - -
n-hexyl acrylate . - -
PL1 PL2 DSL1 DSL2 DDL1
-
- 67
- x
- - - - -
? - T
_
- - - T 230
-
T - 134 T
-
_
_
-
547
- 333
- - - -
- - - - 167
- - - - 2,670
- 3,000
DTL1 DTL2 DTL3 DTL4 FL2 FL3 LL1 LL2 LL3
T______-
T-------
-100 -------
-T,T -------
33T-----T
- - - 1,291 1,586 - 1,334 2,066
- T 670 1,435 1,010 3,334 7,300 4,167
T - T - - 100 « - -
- T 330 - - 500 1,000
______---
______ 567--
____-__--
_____-_--
!______-_
1,334 -67 -------
2,380 --------
______---
_________
---------
a 3
Values are in ng/m , see Table A25 and Figure A19 and A21 for protocols and locations.
-------
Table 28. AMBIENT AIR LEVELS OF SEVERAL VOLATILE ORGANIC VAPORS SURROUNDING
AMERICAN CYANAMID CORP., LINDEN, NJ3
Chemical Class
llalogenated
Hydrocarbon
Sulfur
Compounds
Arotnatics
Oxygenated
Compounds
Compound
methylene chloride
chloroform
1 , 2-dichloroethane
1, 1,1-trichlo roe thane
carbon tetrachloride
trichloroethylene
chlorobenzene
o-dichlorobenzene
dichlorobenzene isomer
trichlorobenzene isomer
2-thiopropane
2, 3-dithiabutane
dithiapentane isomer
3,4-dithiahexane
benzene
cyanobenzene
furan
t-butanol
isopropanol
methyl ethyl ketone
benzaldehyde
acetophenone
methyl vinyl ketone
cyclohexanone
anisole
di ethyl maleate
diethyl fumarate
tolualdehyde
PI/LI
100
50
-
13
21
-
3
2
T
-
_
-
-
-
A90
-
20
1,745
-
30
119
173
15
158
_
-
-
87
P1/L2
258
ISA
1A
735
22
139
15
-
30
2
T
T
-
-
89ff
23
18
160
25
A5
127
232
19
-
_
-
A88
31
P1/L3
168
133
9
9
28
11
123
-
-
-
T
- .
-
-
1.3A2
A9
A6
129
A
69
16A
251
10
-
A. A
-
882
5A
PI/LA
58
99
A2
13
10
6
272
-
1
-
_
T
-
-
613
8
9
87
A
AO
36
131
A5
22
-
-
863
17
P2/L1
52
Al
12
9
1A
8
11
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
17A
1A
23
202
59
84
83
205
-
-
-
-
AO
61
P2/L2
32A
195
9
13
1A
2
A
-
-
-
_
T
-
-
A3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P2/L3
369
178
A7
39
71
2A2
30
-
13
7
_
T
T
T
21,309
18
-
2A7
-
T
557
1,167
16
629
T
-
251
83
P2/LA
13A
150
3A
2AA
51
25
222
7A
T
T
_
-
-
-
8,239
T
-
219
-
T
3AA
A59
-
-
T
1,085
586
T
P3/L1
81
86
T
T
T
-
-
-
-
-
..
-
-
-
22A
T
-
-
-
T
-
-
-
-
-
83
T
T
P3/L2
261
229
38
3,116
32
17
T
20
T
T
_
4
-
-
223
T
-
-
-
-
136
322
-
-
-
60
62
T
P3/L3
972
773
9
l.AAO
T
T
T
-
T
-
_
-
-
-
1,226
T
-
-
-
-
328
300
-
-
-
T
T
T
P3/LA
A18
190
8
2A
T
T
T
T
T
T
_
T
T
T
1.3A2
T
-
-
-
T
158
2A1
-
T
T
AA7
A06
T
a 3
See Table A26 and Figure A22 for protocol and locations, values in ng/m .
-------
Table 29. AMBIENT AIR LEVELS OF SEVERAL VOLATILE ORGANIC VAPORS SURROUNDING
E. I. DuPONT deNEMOURS, DEEPWATER, NJ
Chemical Class
Halogenated
Hydrocarbons
Sulfur
Oxygenated
Compounds
Nitrogen
Compounds
Compound
methylene chloride
chloroform
1,2-dichloroethane
1,1, 1-trichlo roe thane
carbon tetrachloride
trichloroethylene
1 , 2-dibromoethane
tetrachloroethylene
chlorobenzene
c)-dichlorobenzene
dichlorobenzene isomer
trichlorobenzene isomer
dichloroethylene
dichlorotoluene
2,3-benzothiophene
methylbenzothiopliene
f uran
acetone
methyl ethyl ketone
methyl vinyl ketone
methyl methacrylate
dibenzofuran
phenylacetladehyde
cyanobenzene
aniline (or methylpyridine)
nitrobenzene
chloroaniline isomer
nitrophenol
o-nitro toluene
j>-nitro toluene
Pit/15
65
152
12
-
19
4
-
6
14
17
19
T
-
-
_
-
T
T
T
T
-
-
-
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
P4/L6
405
-
-
-
-
-
-
13
15
554
12
T
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
184
28
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P4/L7
35
-
-
2,842
-
-
T
T
11
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
33
12
-
-
- •
-
-
-
P4/L8
437
T
T
T
-
-
-
60
512
51
1,240
136
• -
59
T
-
-
-
-
-
25
-
-
21
28
123
146
73
T
59
P5/L5
75
150
-
-
-
-
-
69
55
25
21
-
-
-
_
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
35
-
-
-
-
-
-
P5/L6 P5/L7 P5/L8
486 - 625
439 - 64
53
67
_ _ _
56
_ _
218
305
_
- - T
150
_ _
61
-
- - -
_
-
_
_
95 27
138 - 29
_
_
_ _ _
_
_
i-
_
86
P6/L5
345
-
-
-
-
-
-
22
25
T
101
13
-
-
_
-
59
-
-
72
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
i -
-
P6/L6 P6/L7
248 261
70 90
.-
-
- -
-
- -
29
17 12
-
404
-
- -
107
536
116
-
-
-
-
21
3,279
41 T
-
-
-
5,960
-
47
-
P6/L8 Tenax Blank
81 T
13 T
24
14
32
5
-
57
669
1,319
14
113 , -
29
T
T
-
-
-
-
16
-
-
-
-
105
T
24
- -
-
ON
(continued)
-------
Table 29 (cont'd)
Chemical Class Compound P4/L5 p4/L6 P4/L7 P4/L8 P5/L5 P5/L6 P5/L7 P5/L8 P6/L5 P6/L6 P6/L7 P6/L8 Tenax Blank
chloronitrobenzene isomer - 360 ___T__--
(or chloroanlline)
dlchloronicrobcnzene - 2,704 ---T---32
(or dichloroaniline)
quinoline -41 __________
mothylquinoline - - - - - - - - 1,478 - -
aSee Table 18 and Figures A23 and A24 for protocol and locations, values in ng/m^.
-------
Table 30. RECOVERIES OF SELECTED ORGANIC VAPORS FROM TENAX CARTRIDGES SUBJECTED TO
SAMPLE TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE3
Trip
No.
1
2
Chemical
methylene chloride
chloroform
1,1, 1-trichloroethane
benzene
toluene
methylene chloride
chloroform
1, 1, 1-trichloroethane
benzene
toluene
Quantity Added
(ng)
325
197
35
249
112
300
200
35
241
110
Quantity Observed
(ng)
260
108
24
234
117
218
109
20
268
77
% Recovery
80
55
69
93
104
72
55
57
111
70
•a
Consisted as part of Kanawha Valley (Tables A7, A8) and Shenandoah Valley (All, A12) studies.
00
-------
4.0 References
1. E. D. Pellizzari. "The Measurement of Carcinogenic Vapors in
Ambient Atmospheres", Publication No. EPA-600/7-77-065, Contract
No. 68-02-1228, June, i977.
2. E. D. Pellizzari. "Analysis of Organic Air Pollutants by Gas
Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy", Publication No. EPA-600/
2-77-100, Contract No. 68-02-2262, June, 1977.
3. E. D. Pellizzari. "Measurement of Carcinogenic Vapors in
Ambient Atmospheres", Contract No. 68-02-1228, Final Report,
1978 in preparation.
-------
50
5.0 Acknowledgements
The collection and instrumental analysis of ambient air samples was
supported by EPA Contract Nos. 68-02-1228, 68-02-2262, 68-01-1978, 68-
02-2543, 68-02-2721, 68-02-2808, and 68-02-2764.
-------
51
APPENDIX A
SAMPLING PROTOCOLS AND LOCATIONS OF STUDY SITES
-------
Table Al. SAMPLING PROTOCOL FOR KIN-BUG DISPOSAL SITE
Period
6/29/76 (PI) LI
12
L3
L4
(P2) LI
L2
L3
L4
6/30/76 (P3) LI
L2
L3
. L4
Location
(Tower Marina)
(Meadow Rd.)
(N of Site)
(N of Site)
(Tower Marina)
(Meadow Rd . )
(E of Site)
(E of Site)
(Sayreville)
(Meadow Rd.)
(Meadow Rd . )
(W of Site)
•-•:
Distance from
Sitea
255°/1.65 km
~345°/0.4 km
25V0.41 km
35°/0.29 km
255°/1.65 km
~345°/0.36 km
40°/0.18 km
35°/0.22 km
2.01 km ESE
from site
45 m downwind
of chemical plant
350°/0.46 km
305° /O. 34 km
Sampling
Time
1207-1359
1206-1355
1207-1359
1207-1359
1607-1737
1607-1737
1607-1737
1607-1737
1029-1229
1030-1230
1029-1229
1029-1229
Sampling
Volume"
112.
134
156
140
111.
175
183.
187.
138.
187.
175.
191.
5
4
4
2
5
5
9
2
Mo
T(°F)
82
82
82
82
86
86
86
86
82
82
82
82
teorol ogiica] Conditions
%RH
69
69
69
69
57
57
57
57
76
76
76
. 76
'
Wind Dir./
Speed
255
mph
240
mph
240
mph
0 12-1
°/3-7
°/3-7
1
210-2550/
2-8
270
mph
mph
°/2-7
220-2400/
0-3
-
245
mph
70°
mph
100
2-7
95+
5-9
mph
°/0-2
12-1
+1400/
mph
-
1200/
mph
in
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
Hg
19
19
19
19
18
18
18
18
12
12
12
12
(continued)
-------
fable Al (cont'd)
Meteorological Conditions
Period
(P4) LI
L2
L3
L4
7/1/76 (P5) LI
L2
L3
L4
(P6) LI
L2
L3
Location
(Tower Marina)
(Meadow Rd.)
(N of Site)
(NE, then N
of site)0
(Tower Marina)
(Meadow Rd. )
(On-Site)
(E of Site)
(Tower Marina)
(Meadow Rd.)
(Qn-Site)
Distance from
Sitea
255°/1.65 km
21 m from
chemical plant
0°/0.73
25°/0.41 km
345V0.91 km
255V1.65 km
~76 m from
chemical plant
—
40°/0.18 km
255°/1.65 km
345° /O. 36 km
—
Sampling
Time
1457-1646
1458-1646
1457-1646
1457-1528
1537-1648
1006-1206
1006-1206
1015-1038
1006-1206
1425-1625
1425-1625
1444-1458
Sampling
Volume0
117.7
248
200.3
0.104
0.269
114.4
204 . 2
19.8
230
120
181
19.8
T (°F;
88
88
88
88
79
79
79
79
84
84
84
> %RH
57
57
57
57
57
57
57
57
43
43
43
Wind Dir./
Speed
180+2000/
5-12, 20-
35, 10-20
190°/5-15
mph
190°(5-20
mph
180+2000/
5-35 mph
270°/5-9
mph
230-2600/
4-12 mph
260°/4-9
mph
230-2500/
4-12 mph
270°/2-5
mph
230-2600/
2-5 mph
230-2600/
2-5 mph
in Hg
30.07
30.07
30.07
30.07
30.10
30.10
30.10
30.10
30.12
30.12
30.12
-------
Table Al (cont'd)
Meteorological Conditions
Distance from Sampling Sampling Wind Dir./
Period Location Site3 Time Volume" T(°F) %RH Speed in Hg
L4 (E of Site) 40°/0.18 km 1425-1625 208.4 84 43 230-2600/ 30.12
2-8 mph
'Approximate magnetic bearing and distances relative to Kin-Buc.
Volume in liters.
£
Sampler was moved to new site during sampling period. «
Ln
-------
55
0.5
1.0
I
MILES
Figure Al. Sampling locations surrounding Kin-Buc Land-fill, Edison, NJ
(PI).
-------
56
0.5
1.0
MILES
Figure A2. Sampling locations surrounding Kin-Buc Land-fill, Edison, NJ
-------
57
0.5
1.0
_)
MILES
Figure A3. Sampling locations surrounding Kin-Buc Land-fill, Edison, NJ
(P3).
-------
58
o
0.5
i
1.0
I
MILES
Figure A4. Sampling locations surrounding Kin-Buc Land-fill, Edison, NJ
(P4).
-------
59
0
I
0.5
t
1.0
I
MILES
Figure A5. Sampling locations surrounding Kin-Buc Land-fill, Edison, NJ
(P5).
-------
60
0.5
1.0
MILES
Figure A6. Sampling locations surrounding Kin-Buc Land-fill, Edison, NJ
(P6).
-------
Table A2. AMBIENT AIR SAMPLING PROTOCOL FOR INVESTIGATING CHEMICAL DUMP/LANDFILL IN EDISON, NJ
Sampling
Period Location (No.)'
Bearing°/distance Sampling Time
(mi) (min) m /cartridge
Remarks
Parkland (1)
180-260/0.25
2 Tower Marina (2) 065-909/^1
Schoolhouse Rd.
East Brunswick, NJ
Parkland (1)
Parkland (1)
Parkland (1)
180-260/0.25
Tower Marina (2) 065-090/M
180-260/0.25
Tower Marina (2) 065-090/^1
160-275/^0.06
36
38
38
40
39
45
41
(continued)
0.317 3/24/76 - 12:47 pm-l:23 pm
65°F 35% RM
Clear 30.48" Hg
Wind ^230°, 3-8 mph
0.300 3/24/76 - 4:47 pm-5:25 pm
64°F 38% RH
Clear 30.42" Hg
Wind 200-230°, 5-13 mph
(upwind sample)
4
0.290 As above
0.032 (downwind samples)
0.300 3/25/76 - 11:15 am-ll:55 am
60°F 43% RH
3/4 Cloud 30.22" Hg
Wind 225°, 3-8 mph
(upwind sample)
0.300 As above
(downwind sample)
0.300 3/25/76 - 3:08 pm-3:53 pm
As above
(upwind sample)
0.300 3/25/76 - '3:05 pm-3:46 pm
As above
(downwind sample)
-------
Table A2 (cont'd)
Sampling
Period
Location
Top
of
KB
(No.)3
Mound
Bearing0 /distance
(mi)
.
Sampling Time
(min)
11
3
m /cartridge
0.060
0.060
3/2576 -
64°F
Remarks
3:06 pm-3:17
38% RH
pm
Meadow Rd. (5)
(between Stauffer
and KB)
NJ Turnpike (3)
at Mill Rd.
145°/0.5
42
140°/M). 7 5
130
Sayreville, NJ (4)
at St. Stanislaus
School Rd.
315-325/1.25
130
Overcast 30.11" Hg
Wind 265-285°, 5-10 mph
0.300 3/25/76 - 4:20 pm-5:02 pm
63°F 45% RH
9/10 Cloudy 30.14" Hg
Wind 245°, 2-8 mph
(upwind sample)
0.914 3/26/76 - 10:48 am-12:59 pm
60°F 34% RH
Clear 30.41" Hg
Wind 300-320°, 0-10 mph
Shifting to 230° at 12:45 pm
(upfield sample)
0.958 3/26/76 - 10:49 am-12:59 pm
0.117 As above
(downwind sample)
ON
See map (Fig. A7) for location number.
Relative to dump site.
-------
63
0.5
1.0
MILES
Figure A7. Sampling locacions surrounding Kin-Buc Land-fill,
Edison, NJ
-------
Table A3. SAMPLING PROTOCOL FOR CENTRAL AND NORTHERN NEW JERSEY
Site'
Paterson, NJ
(SI)
Clifton, NJ
(S2)
Passaic, NJ
(S3)
Hoboken, NJ
(S4)
Fords, NJ
(S8)
Sampling Time
Sampling Location (min)
12th St. & 4th Ave. 42
Dyer Ave. & 39
Wheeler St.
First St. & 39
Essex St.
New County Rd. 39
U. S. Post Office
Depot
North of Tenneco 44
plant
Sampling Volume
(£) Remarks
300 3/22/76
40°F
300 3/22/76
45°F
300 3/22/76
40°F
300 3/23/76
51°F
300 3/26/76
72°p
1231-1313 hr
300-360°/3 mph
1528-1607 hr
320°/2 mph
1715-1754 hr
320°/5 mph
1223-1302 hr
280°/0-10 mph
1559-1643 hr
200°/0-2 mph
Os
•P-
-------
Table A4. AMBIENT AIR SAMPLING PROTOCOL FOR VOLATILE ORGANICS
IN TULSA, OK
Sampling Site
Liberty Hounds
Downtown Tulsa, OK
Liberty Mounds
Downtown Tulsa, OK
Vera
Location
District Water Works
Post Office Garage Lot
(2nd & Eluood)
District Water Works
Post Office .Garage Lot
(2nd & Elwood)
Code
LM1
DTI
LM2
DT2
VI
Date
7/10-11/77
7/11-12/77
9/21/77
9/21/77
9/21/77
Period
0355-0355
0600-0600
0600-0900
0600-0900
1400-1700
Volume Sampled (i)
hrs 160.8
hra 142.5
hrs 351
hra 390
hra 390
Remarks
72°F * 93 + Bl'F
0 kts 772 RH
BO°F * 97 * 83"F
0 kts 77* RH
67"F •» 71°F
5-7 kts/180 r 210°
67°F •> 7l°F
5-7 kts/180-210°
93"F -r-M'f
5-7 kts/180-210°
0\
Cn
-------
Table A5. AMBIENT AIR SAMPLING PROTOCOL FOR VOLATILE ORGANICS IN HOUSTON, TX
Sampling Site
Texas Air Control
Houston Air Pollution Control
Houston Air Pollution Control
Texas Air Control
Houston Air Pollution Control
Texas Air Control
Houston Air Pollution Control
Houston Air Pollution Control
Location
Aldlne (Mall Rt.)
Clanton Dr.
Clanton Dr.
Aldlne (Mall Rt.)
Crawford at Polk
Aldlne (Mall Rt.)
Crawford at Polk
Clanton Dr.
Code
TCI ' '
I1C1
I1C2
TC2
HC3
TC3
HC4
1IC5
Date
6/22/77
6/2B/77
7/19/77
7/20/77
10/19/77
10/20/77
10/21/77
10/21/77
Period
0945-1245 hrs
0745-1050 hra
0630-0930 hra
0630-0930 hrs
0615-0915 hra
1207-1510 hra
1546-1853 hra
0607-0907 hra
Volume Sampled (I)
90.5
65.7
63.2
57.3
113.4
89.3
66.8
108.4
Ambient Temp. (°F)
90
80
80
80
68
74
70 »
72
o\
-------
Table A6. SAMPLING LOCATIONS IN THE KANAWHA VALLEY, WV
Location
Site
Address
Remarks
LI
Charleston
4th Ave. W. and 21st St. W.
L2
L3
L4
L5
L6
L7
L8
L9
S. Charleston
St. Albans
Nitro
W. Belle
Nitro
Nitro
Institute
Nitro
314 4th Ave.
6500 MacCorkle Ave. S.W.
N.W. of intersection of
W.V. 25 and 1-64.
2009 20th St.
4107 1st Ave.
Barron Dr. between 4th St,
and Curtis Sq.
N.W. of intersection of
W.V. 25 and 1-64.
North Charleston Recreation Center.
[MAS located at Maintenance Steel
near west entrance; MRI and duPont
samples located around swimming pool.
S. Charleston Fire Department
Sample located on upper level roof.
Riverside Nursing Home. Sampler
located on river bank in open area.
4
Nitro Sewage Treatment Plant. Sampler
located along fence, upwind of all
sewage treatment facilities.
Marmet Dam and Locks. Sampler located
on hill above parking lot.
Nitro Fire Department. Sampler located
on roof.
Front yard of private residence, directly
across street from chemical manufacturing
facilities.
Back yard of private residence.
South side of United Distribution Service
parking lot.
-------
00
Figure A8. Map of Kanawha Valley, WV
-------
Table A7. SAMPLING PROTOCOL FOR KANAWHA VALLEY, WV
Site
Charleston
Charleston
S. Charleston
St. Albans
Nltro
U. Belle
S. Charleston
St. Albans
W. Belle
Nltro
Period/Location Sampling Time Sampling Volume (it) Remarks.
PI/LI
PI/LI
P1/L2
P1/L3
P1/L4
P1/L5
P2/L2
P2/L3
P2/L5
P2/L6
1030-1435 29, 500,000s
(9/27 - 9/28)
1020-1435 258°
(9/27 - 9/28)
1115-1617 597
1202-1715 557
1400-1610 497
1349-1945 564
0825-1308 558
0715-1355 710
0740-1555 541
0930-1320 410
Tb- 7°C to 20°C. Winds: S.S.W. to W./calm to 2.8 m/s.
At 0955 (9-27), RHd - 851, T - 19°C, low cloud cover.
T - 22°
T - 17"
Rain
T - 18°
T - 18*
T - 8'C
T - 8°C
T - 7°C
T - 9'C
C, RH - 72Z, low cloud cover.
C to 20' C. Winds: S.S.W. to W.S.W./1.4 to 28 m/s.
for 1 hour.
C to 20°C. Winds: S.W./1.7 to 2.8 m/s.
VO
C to 20°C. Winds: S.W./1.7 to 2.8 m/s.
to 13°C. Winds: W. to S.W./0.5 to 1.7 m/s.
to 15°C. Winds: W. to S. W./calm to 1.7 m/s.
to 20° C. Winds: W. to S.W./0.5 to 1.7 m/s.
to 13°C. Winds: W. to S.W./l.l to 1.7 m/a;
overcast.
bSample collected with MAS
Temperature
dLong-term samples taken with small duPont personal sampling pump.
Relative humidity
*
General weather conditions for 9/27 and 9/28: Cool, skies overcast with periods of Intermittent light rain and slow but steady showers.
Winds: calm to light breezes.
-------
Table A8. SAMPLING PROTOCOL FOR KANAWHA VALLEY, WV
Sice
Charleston
Charleston
S. Charleston
St. Albans
Mltro
W.. Belle
S. Charleston
St. Albans
Nltro
W. Belle
Period/Location
PI/LI
PI/LI
P1/L2
P1/L3
P1/L4
P1/L5
P2/L2
P2/L3
P2/L4
P2/L5
Sampling Time
0910-0820
(10/24-10/26)
0925-0850
(10/24-10/26)
1200-1737
1130-1635
1035-1600
1315-1808
0632-1205
0534-1147
0505-1118
0600-1235
Sampling Volume ( ) Remarks
49.700,000a Tb - 7°C to 23'C, RHC - 3151 to 912. Wind: E.S.E./
calm to 7 m/s.
512d At 0910 (10-24), T - 10.5'C, RH - 87*. partly cloudy.
Eight hours of light rain during sampling time
T - 13°C to 22°C£, RH - 352 to 932£. Winds: E.S.E.
to E.f/calm to 6 m/s .
268 I - 23°C to 18°C. Winds: S. to E.S.E./l.l to 5 m/s.
At 1151, T - 23°C, RH « 32%, slightly hazy, no
odors.
370 T • 17'C to 23°C. Winds: S.S.U. to E.S.E.Vl.l to 5
m/s. At 1125, T - 17°C, RH - 542, low haze,
no odors.
322 T - 17°C to 23°C. Winds: S.S.W. to E.S.E./l.l to 5 a/a
At 1030, T - 17°C, Rll = 682: hazy, strong odor.
414 T - 23°C to 17°C. Winds: S.S.W. to E.S.E./l.l to 5 in/a
At 1313. T . 23°C, RH - SOX; hazy, slight odor.
297 T - 14°C to 18°C. Winds: E. to S.E./calm to 4 in/a.
RH - 58% to 692.
432 T - 14°C to 18°C. Winds: E. to S.E./calm to 4 m/a.
At 0533, T - 14°C, Rll " 882; overcast, strong odor.
Rll - 55* to 722f.
410 T - 14°C to 17"C. RH - 552 to 72%f. Winds: E. to
S.E./calm to 4 m/s. Overcast, strong odor. At
0505, T - 18"Ce, RH - 79Z.
569 T - 13°C to 18"C. RH - 552 to 722£. Winds: E. to
S.E./calm to 4 m/s. At 0555, T - 13°C. Overcast,
no odor. RH - 692 to 542.
bSample collected with MAS.
Temperature.
cKelatlve humidity.
^Long-term sample collected with duPont personal sampling pump.
jTcmpcracure beside sewage treatment plant settling ponds — somewhat higher than ambient.
Daca from National Weather Service Forecast Office, Kanawha Airport, Charleston, WV.
*
General weather conditions for 10/24 through 10/26: Cool, sklea clear with low-lying haze changing to overcast with some light shower
activity. Winds generally calm to n»der;ite from rlic S.F. rn <; v;
-------
Table A9. SAMPLING PROTOCOL FOR KANAWHA VALLEY, WV
Site
Charleston
Charleston
S. Charleston
W. Belle
Nltro
Institute
Charleston
S. Charleston
W. Belle
Institute
Nitro
Period/Location
Pl/U
PI/LI
P2/L2
P2/L5
P2/L7
P2/L8
P3/il
P3/L2
P3/L5
P3/L8
P3/L9
Sampling Time
1910-0917
(11/16-11/20)
1910-1125
(11/16-11/18)
1235-1737
1348-1811
1335-1725
1235-1700
1135-0930
(11/18-11/20)
0809-1310
0729-1241
0728-1210
0802-1250
Sampling Volume (t)
90,800.000°
344b
1087
1205
480d
861
331b
1096
1084
743
953
Remarks
Odors: occasionally strong chemical. At 1005 (11-17) Rtf-
63Z. At 1125 (11-18) RH - 38*. Tc - 2 to 15°C£, RH -
28% to 100Z£. Winds: S.W. to N. to E.f/calm to 11 m/s.
T - 4"C to 15°C£.RH - 31Z-80Zf. Winds: S. to W./2-11 m/sf.
T - 11"C to 9°C. Wind: W.S.W./6 to 10 m/s. RH- 3U to 44Zf
T - ll'C to 9°C. Wind: W.S.W./4 to 10 m/e. RH- 31Z to 44Z?
T - U°C to 10°C. Wind: W.S.W./4 to 10 m/s. At 1335
and 1720, odor strong. RH - 311 to 44Z*.
T - ll'C to 10"C. Wind: S.W.S./6 to 10 m/s. At 1235 f
and 1700, odor acrid, of rotting walnuts. RU-31Z to 441
At 1125 (11-18), T - 10°C, RHe - 38*. sky clear. T- 1°C to
15°Cf. RH-28Z to 100Zf. Wind: S.W. to N.to E.f/calm to
6 m/sf.
T - 4 to 9"Cf, RH-49Z to 33Z£. Wind: W.S.W.f/4 to 8 m/s£.
T - 4 to 9"Cf, RH-49Z to 33Z£. Wind: W.S.W.f/4 to 8 m/s£.
Odor of rotting walnuts, naphthalene or mothballs.
T - 4 to 9°Cf. RH=49Z to 33Z*. Wind: W.S.W.f/4 to 8 m/sf.
Strong odor. f .
T - 4 to 9'Cf, RH-49Z to 33Z . Wind: W.S.W. /4 to 8 m/s1.
a
bSample collected with MAS
cLong-term sample collected with duPont personal sampling pump.
.Temperature
Pump malfunctioned during aampling period.
^Relative humidity.
Data from National Weather Service Forecast Office, Kanawha Airport, Charleston, WV.
General weather conditions for 11/16 through 11/20: Temperatures cool. Skies clear to partly cloudy with very small amount of rain.
Winds very brisk with occasional gusts, diminishing to calm on 11/20.
-------
72
CHESAPEAKE'N^
Figure A9. Map of Belle and Marmet, WV
-------
CHARLESTON
SOUTH
CHARLESTON
Figure A10. Map of South Charleston and Dunbar, WV
-------
'Figure All. Map of Institute, St. Albans and Nitro, WV
-------
75
:• „ jywurpiiuet ^ i
Figure A12. Map of Nitro, WV
-------
Table A10. SAMPLING LOCATIONS IN THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY, VA
Location
LI
L2
L3
L4
Site
Front Royal
Front Royal
Front Royal
Front Royal
Address
8th St. and Crosby Rd.
3rd St. and Villa Ave.
501 Grand Ave.
Commerce Ave. between
Remarks
Press box at Bing Crosby Stadium.
West side of tennis courts at
Randolph Macon Academy.
Back yard of private residence.
Front Royal Volunteer Fire Dept.
L5
L6
L7
L8
L9
Front Royal
Front Royal
Front Royal
Front Royal
Front Royal
4th St. and 5th St.
Commerce Ave. and John
Marshall Hwy.
13th St. and Commonwealth
Ave.
13th St. and Commonwealth
Ave.
346 10th St.
1040 Adams Ave.
MAS located on nqrth parking
lot. MRI and duPont personal
sampler located on roof.
Behind Quality Inn Motel.
South side of tennis courts.
Commonwealth Ave. playground.
Back yard of private residence.
Garden along S. side of private
residence.
-------
Table All. SAMPLING PROTOCOL FOR SHENANDOAH VALLEY, VA
Site
Front Royal
Front Royal
Front Royal
Front Royal
Front Royal
Front Royal
Front Royal
Front Royal
Front Royal
Front Royal
Ftrlod/Loeatlon
PI/LI
P1/L2
P1/L3
P1/L4
P1/L4
P2/L3e
P2/L5e
P3/L2
P3/L3
P3/L6
Sampling Tl«e
1040-1655
1115-1715
1140-1728
1550-1345
<9/29 - 9/30)
1609-1305
(9/29 - 9/30)
1735-0715
(9/29 - 9/30)
2030-0635
(9/29 - 9/30)
0737-1315
0720-1300
0800-1325
Sampling Voluaa (1)
714
336
657
22.900,000
d
228
75l'
567
457
576
325
*
Remarks
At 1040, T" - 21*C, RHb - 51X. Sky clear. No odor.
At 1115, T - 21*C. RH • 401. Sky clear. No odor.
At 1140, T - 22'C, RH - 42Z. Sky clear. Noticeable
and unpleasant odor. Winds! S.W. at 1140.
T - 6*C to 23*C. Wind: varlabla/cala to 1.7 •/•
T - 6'C to 23*C. Wind: variable/Cain to 1.7 c/s
no clouda. Some odor.
T - 16*C to 19*C. Wind: variable; mostly S.V./calm
to 1.4 B/a.
T - 11*C to 6*C. Wind! variable/Cain to 1.3 m/s.
acattered clouds.
T - 12'C, RH • 82X at 0734. Sky clear. Heavy
enlaalona and haze over Avtex.
T - 27*C, RH - 72* at 1305. Clear to partly cloudy.
T - 7*C to 20*C. Wind! variable/0.6 to 1.7 •/•.
Faint odor.
.Temperature
Relative humidity
^Sample collected with MAS
Long-term sample collected with duPont personal sampling pump.
^Period 4 was an overnight sampling at two locations to sample potential nighttime emissions and/or settling due to atmospheric Inversion.
Pump malfunction during sampling period,
*
General weather condition* for 9/29 and 9/30: Warm, akles clear to scattered clouda. No precipitation, alight winds.
-------
Table A12. SAMPLING PROTOCOL FOR SHENANDOAH VALLEY, VA
Site
Front Royal
Front Royal
Front Royal
Front Royal
Front Royal
Front Royal
Front Royal
Front Royal
Front Royal
Period/Location
PI/LI
P1/L2 '
P1/L3
P1/L4
P1/L5
PI /LI
P1/L2
P1/L3
P1/L5
Sampling Time
1508-2150
1455-2115
1520-2120
1550-0850
(10/27-10/28)
1925-2315
. 2155-0520
2115-0555
2126-0620
2330-0645
Sampling Volume (£)
397
411
474
183C
457
383d
666
705
854
Remarks
At 1510, Ta- 19°C, RHb- 95*, overcast, no odor.
Wind: N.N.W. to varlable/0.8 m/s to calm. T - 19*Ce,
RH •= 87% to 90Ze.
At 1605, T - 20°C, RH - 85*. low celling, light drizzle.
Slight odor. Wind: N.N.W. to varlable/0.8 m/8 to calm.
At 1600, T - 20°C, RH - 85*. low celling. Mild odor.
Wind: N.N.W. to varlable/0.8 m/s to calm.
At 1550, T - 19eC, RH - 90* , overcast. No odor. Wind:
N.N.W. to S.S.W./calm to 1.0 m/s.
Wind: variable/calm. T - 19 to 18°"ce, RH - 87* to 90ZC.
Wind: variable to S.S.W./calm to 1 m/s. T - 19 to 17"Ce,
RH - 87* to 90%e.
Wind: variable to S.S.W./calm to 1 m/s. At 0555,
strong odor. T • 19 to l6°Ce t RH - 87* to 90*e.
Wind: variable to S.W.W./calm to 1 m/s. At 0620,
no odor noticeable. T - 19 to 16°Cet RH- 87* to 93Ze.
Wind: variable to S.S.W./calm to 1 m/s. Much auto
exhaust, dlesel fumes. T - 19 to 15'Ce, RH - 87Z to 9
00
.Temperature
Relative humdllty
^Long-term sample collected with duPont personal sampling pump.
Pump malfunctioned during sampling period.
eData from National Weather Service Office, Dulles International Airport, Washington, DC.
General weather conditions for 10/27 and 10/28: Moderate temperatures with high relative humidities after several days of steady rain.
Winds generally calm with skies overcast and low cloud cover.
-------
Table A13. SAMPLING PROTOCOL FOR SHENANDOAH VALLEY, VA
Site
Front Royal
Front Royal
Front Royal
Front Royal
Front Royal
Front Royal
Period/Location
P1/L2
P1/L4
Pl/U
P1/L7
P1/L8
P1/L9
Sampling Tine
1540-2315
1330-0925
(11/14-11/16)
1315-0845
(11/14-11/16)
1605-2330
1637-2335
1700-2345
Sampling Volume (I)
814
46,300,000°
470d
1037
639
731
*
Remarks
At 1545, Ta - 8°C, RHb - 59*. wind: N/E> 2 ms.
T* • 4 to 15°Ce, RHb - 37% to 82Ze, winds: E.S.E.
to S.S.W.e/calm to 7 m/se.
At 0845 (11-16), scattered clouds, no odor. Hinds:
S.S.W. to E.S.E. /calm to 7 o/se. T3- -4 to 15°Ce,
RHb- 37Z to 82Ze.
At 1600, strong odor apparently from Avtex. At 2330,
wind calm, no odor. Winds: S.W.W. to S.S.E./ 2 to 3
m/se. I* - 7 to 5eCe, RH - 372 to 60Ze.
At 2335, wind calm, no odor. Winds: S.S.W. to S.S.E./
2 to 3 m/se. T- 7 to 5"Ce, RH - 37Z to 60Ze.
At 1700, slight odor. At 2345, no odor. Winds: S.S.W.
to S.S.E./ 2 to 3 o/se. T - 7 to 5°cf RH - 37Z-60Z6.
VO
Front Royal
P2/L2
1000-1722
535
At 1000, overcast, no odor. T • 6 to 14*C6, RH - 56Z to
42Ze, Winds: S. to S.S.W.e/3 to 4 m/se.
Front Royal
P2/L7
1047-1705
1125
At 1047, slight odor. At 1705, no odor. T - 6 to 14*Ce
RH - 56Z to 42Ze. Winds: S. to S.S.W.e/3 to 4 m/se.
Front Royal
P2/L8
1015-1715
478
At 1015, overcast, strong odor. T • 6 to 14°Ce, RH -
56Z to 42^. Winds: S. to S.S.W.e/3 to 4 m/se.
Front Royal
P2/L9
1030-1710
1192
At 1030, odor of cooked apple. At 1710, no odor. T •
6 to 14°Ce. RH - 56Z to 42ZC.' Winds: S. to S.S.W.6/
3 to 4 m/9 .
rTemperature.
Relative humidity.
"jSaraple collected with HAS.
Long-term sample collected with duPont personal sampling pump.
Data from National Weather Service Office, Dulles International Airport, Washington, DC.
General weather conditions for 11/14 through 11/16: Cool with clear to partly cloudy skies. Winds calm to brisk with occasional gusts.
-------
DO
O
Figure A13. Map of Shenandoah Valley, VA
-------
Table A14. AMBIENT AIR SAMPLING PROTOCOL FOR VOLATILE ORGANICS
IN SOUTH CHARLESTON, WV
Sampling Site
3049
3049
3049
3049
3049
3049
Code
SC-1
SC-2
SC-3
SC-4
SC-5
Bb
Date
076/77-078/77
078/77-080/77
080/77-082/77
082/77-084/77
084/77-086/77
-
Period3
1302-1450
1508-1639
1650-1558
1605-1341
1349-1010
-
Volume Sampled
(I) Ambient Temp. (°C)
hrs
hrs
hrs
hrs
hrs
53.
44.
47.
45.
42.
-
2
6
2
1
6
18.
21.
20.
23.
22.
3
3
5
4
3
-*• 21.
•*• 21.
-*• 22.
-> 23.
-*• 21.
-
9
6
6
8
1
•* 21.3
•*• 20.5
-»• 24.2
-*• 21.0
-»• 19.8
Duplicate samples were taken in all cases,
Four blanks were included.
co
-------
Table A15. AMBIENT AIR SAMPLING PROTOCOL FOR VOLATILE ORGANICS
IN BIRMINGHAM, AL
Sampling Site
3059
3059
3059
3059
3059
3059
Code
BR-1
BR-2
BR-3
BR-4
BR-5
Bb
Date
4/12-14/77
4/14-16/77
ft/16-18/77
ft/18-20/77
ft/20-22/77
-
Period3
1616-1630
1830-1435
1615-1715
1830-1400
1445-1430
-
hrs
hrs
hrs
hrs
hrs
Volume Sampled
118.
108.
105.
107.
^ 42.
-
1
2
8
0
9
Ambient Temp. (°C)
28.
24.
23.
19.
20.
9
7
1
2
0
+ 24
-v 25
+ 20
-»• 19
+ 20
.3 +
.0 -*-
.0 +
.8 +
1
.6 -»•
-
28.5
23.0
20.0
18.2
20.1
Duplicate samples were taken in all cases.
Four blanks were included.
00
-------
Table A16. AMBIENT AIR SAMPLING PROTOCOL FOR VOLATILE ORGANICS
IN BATON ROUGE, LA
Sampling Site Code
3069
3069
3069
3069
3069
BA-1
BA-2
BA-3
BA-4
Bb
Date
5/12-14/77
5/14^16/77
5/16-18/77
5/18-20/77
Period3
1935-1430
1515-1530
1535-1400
1400-0900
hrs
hrs
hrs
hrs
Volume Sampled
98.7
116.6
115.4
104.5
Ambient Temp. (°C)
26.0 -»• 28.
29.3 -*• 28.
28.5 -» 27.
28.7 -> 24.
2
2
6
5
4
-+ 27.6
+ 24.7
-»• 28.4
-^25.5
Q
Lluplicate samples were taken in all cases.
Four blanks were included.
CO
-------
Table A17. AMBIENT AIR SAMPLING PROTOCOL FOR VOLATILE ORGANICS
IN HOUSTON, TX
Sampling Site
3079
3079
3079
3079
3079
3079
Code
HO-1
HO- 2
HO- 3
HO-4
HO- 5
B6
Date
195/77-197/77
202/77-204/77
204/77-206/77
206/77-208/77
208/77-210/77
Period3
1730-930
1000-900
1030-0915
0915-0945
1000-1015
Volume Sampled
00
hrs
hrs
hrs
hrs
hrs
113.
113.
112.
120.
115.
4
1
2
2
2C
Ambient
22.
16.
17.
18.
28.
4 ->
9 -»•
5 •*
3 •*
3 ->-
22.
16.
17.
19.
28.
i
Temp.
C)
3 •*•
5 -+
9 -*•
2 •*•
1 ->
22.4
17.5
18.3
28.2
28.6
Duplicate samples were taken in all cases.
Four blanks were included.
•»
"Computer down, flow rates were approximated.
00
-------
Table A18. AMBIENT AIR SAMPLING PROTOCOL FOR VOLATILE ORGANICS
IN UPLAND, CA
Sampling Site
3089
3089
3089
3089
3089
3089
Code
UP-1
UP- 2
UP- 3
UP-4
UP- 5
UP- 6
B
Date Period3
225/77-227/77
227/77-229/77
229/77-231/77
231/77-233/77
233/77-235/77
235/77-237/77
-
Volume Sampled
114
113
113
115 .
118
115
Ambient Temp. (°C)
26-27-25
25-28-26
26-29-25
25-27-26
4
23-28-24
24-29-26
oo
Data to be still provided to RTI by EPA.
-------
Table A19. AMBIENT AIR SAMPLING PROTOCOL FOR VOLATILE ORGANICS IN UPLAND, CA
Sampling Site
3089
3089
3089
3089
3089
3089
Code
UP-7
UP- 8
UP- 9
UP-10
UP-11
Bb
Date
256/77-258/77
258/77-261/77
262/77-264/77
264/77-266/77
266/77-268/77
-
Period3
1400-0600
0600-0030
0030-0030
0030-0600
c
-
Volume Sampled
96.0
382.3
118.1
108.0
-
-
Ambient Temp. (°C)
24-27-23
24-29-27
22-26-25
25-28-27
*
Duplicate samples were taken in all cases.
Four blanks were included.
•*
"On-site operator failed to acquire samples.
oo
-------
Table A20. AMBIENT AIR SAMPLING PROTOCOL FOR VOLATILE ORGANICS IN
MAGHA, UT
Sampling' Site
3090
3090
3090
3090
3090
3090
Code
SA-1
SA-2
SA-3
SA-4
SA-5
Bb
Date
297/77-299/77
299/77-301/77
301/77-303/77
303/77-305/77
305/77-307/77
-
Period3
1000-0930
1010-1019
1045-1045
1045-1145
1115-1245
-
Volume Sampled (£)
142.5
144.0
129.6
144.2
130.9
-
Duplicate samples were taken in all cases.
Four blanks were included.
CO
-------
Table A21. AMBIENT AIR SAMPLING PROTOCOL FOR VOLATILE ORGANICS IN
THE GRAND CANYON, AR
Sampling-. Site
3099
3099
3099
3099
3099
3099
3099
3099
Code
GC-1
GC-2
GC-3
GC-4
GC-5
GC-6
GC-7
Bb
Date
332/78-333/78
333/78-334/78
334/78-335/78
335/78-336/78
336/78-33/78
337/78-338/78
338/78-339/78
o
Period
0930-1030
1030-1015
1015-1015
1015-1640
1645-1613
151-1410
1415-1500
Volume Sampled (2,)
58
57
58
72
56
53
57
Ambient Air (°C)
18-20-17
17-21-16
15-19-14
14-16-15
15-718-13
13-17-12
12-15-13
Duplicate samples were taken in all periods.
Four blanks were included.
00
00
-------
Table A22. AMBIENT AIR SAMPLING PROTOCOL FOR GEISMAR, LA AREA
Sampling -Location
Corner of highway 73 and 75
(L12)
Southeast of Plant R
(L13)
North of Plant M
(L14)-i
Northeast of Plant M and N
(L15)
Northwest of Plant M off
LA 73 (L14) -2
Southwest of Plant M off
LA 73 (L16)
Sampling Time
(min)
1398
1400
260
25
1205
135
Volume Sampled
(A)
140
140
180
142
120
91
Remarks
2/28-3/1/77
28-85% RH
2/28-3/1/77
28->85% RH
3/1/77
85% RH
3/1/77
85% RH
3/1-3/2/77
52% RH
3/2/77
52% RH
62°F
290+240°/9 kts
62°F
290+240°/9 kts
63°F
180°/light
63°F
180°/light
65°F
120°/light
65°F
120°/light
co
-------
90
^
u<
. ^ • • «^^fci
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LI2-
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w
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V
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v
-> \
/ -£> .-•£••' ••
/ $ •£' /
LI6/ <^ .-£vb.
y .... ,.^>x/
Aw/ Vs..^
/ >v
«• • .
sXA
>St PLANT
V' /^X. p
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•
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•
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•
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• j
PLANT \ J
0 ,""\ $/
•••"' \$S
,"' $?
.-'PLANT / *-
.,'•- R / \
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<^
»>^
N
.• 5^ .'
,--/
-------
Table A23. AMBIENT AIR SAMPLING PROTOCOL FOR BATON ROUGE, LA AREA
Sampling Location
Off U.S. 61 North of
Plant A
(L17)
Off unpaved, unmarked rd.
(L18)
Northwest of Plant A on
Mr. Ewell's ranch
(L19)
Northwest of Plant A on
Mr. Ewell's ranch
(L20)
Off unpaved, unmarked rd.
(L21) :
Eastside of LA 61
(L22)
Northwest of Plant A on
Mr. Ewell's ranch
(L20)
Off of Turning Basin Rd.
(L23)
Graveyard Area
(L24) ;-
Sampling Time
(min)
1400
1435
235
260
30
265
19.5
1190
1070
Sampling Volume
U)
140
143
156
184
195
146
129
119
107
Remarks
3/3-3/4/77
-99% RH
3/3-3/4/77
-99% RH
3/3/77
rain
3/4/77
93% RH
3/4/77
93% RH
3/8/77
49% RH
3/8/77
49% RH
3/8-3/9/77
50% RH
3/8-3/9/77
50% RH
1150-1110
120°/Ught
1135-1130
120°/lignt
1220-1615
120°/light
1125-1545
9 0+1 20° /4 mph
1207-1237
90° /4 mph
1205-1630
180°/4 mph
1235-1550
180° /4 mph
1625-1215
180° /5 mph
1640-1030
180°/5 mph
(continued)
-------
Table A23 (cont'd)
Sampling Location
Mengel Rd.
(L25)
Off LA 61
(L26)
Off Mengel Rd.
(L27)
Off LA 190
(L28)
Off Mengel Rd.
(L25)
Off LA 61
(L26)
Off Mengel Rd.
(L27)
Off LA 61
(L28)
Off Mengel Rd.
(L25)
Off LA 61
(L26) *
Sampling Time
(min)
190
180
1090
1080
190
180
1090
1080
240
250
Sampling Volume
a)
124
121
109
108
124
121
109
108
162
152
Remarks
3/9/77
54% RH
3/9/77
54% RH
3/9-3/10/77
54% RH
3/9-3/10/77
54% RH
3/9/77
54% RH
3/9/77
54% RH
3/9-3/10/77
78% RH
3/9-3/10/77
78% RH
3/10/77
54% RH
3/10/77
54% RH
1330-1640
180°/7 mph
1400-1700
100°/7 mph
1650-1100
180°/8-9 mph
1715-1115
180°/8-9 mph
1330-1650
100°/7 mph
1400-1700
100°/7 mph
1650-1100
180°/8-9 mph
1715-1115
180°/8-9 mph
3105-1505
180° /7 mph
1140-1550
180°/7 mph
VO
N>
(continued)
-------
Table A23 (cont'd)
Sampling Location
Sampling Time
(min)
Sampling Volume
Remarks
Choc tow Rd. and Pholox St.
(L29)
LA 1 and LA 190
(L30)
235
960
173
96
3/10/77
54% RH
1215-1610
180°/7 mph
3/10-3/11/77 1700-0900
75% RH 100°/6 mph
vo
00
-------
94
Figure A15. Sampling sice and locations for Baton Rouge, LA Area.
-------
95
SCOTLANOVILLE
Figure A16. Sampling site and locations in Baton Rouge, LA.
-------
MANCHAC POINT
WEST BATON_ROUGH_PARISH
IBERVfi-LE PARISH
INDUSTRIAL
COMPLEX
PLAOUEMINE POINT
TURNEXVILLE
PLAOUEMINE
SEYUOURVILLE
INDUSTRIAL
COMPLEX
Figure A17. Map depicting locations of ambient air sampling network in Iberville
Parish, LA.
-------
INDUSTRIAL
COMPLEX
Figure A18. Map depicting sampling locations near industrial complex in Iberville
Parish, LA.
-------
Table A24. AMBIENT AIR SAMPLING PROTOCOL FOR PLAQUEMINE, LA AREA
Sampling Locations
Plaquemine, LA
City Water Tower,
Bayou Rd (LI)
St. John Evangelist
Church Tower,
Church and .Main St.
-------
Table A24 (cont'd)
Samplirtg Locations
Sampling Time
(min)
Volume Sampled
Remarks
Plaquemine Evergreen
Plantation (L10)
Plaquemine Evergreen
Plantation (Lll)
150
1035
100
103
2/2/77 1400-1630
56°F-55% RH 90°/variable
2/2-2/3/77 1705-1020
45°F-99% RH 90°/variable
VO
vo
-------
Table A25. AMBIENT AIR SAMPLING PROTOCOL FOR HOUSTON, TX AND VICINITY
Site
Houston, TX
Houston, TX
Houston, TX
Pasadena, TX
Pasadena, TX
Pasadena, TX
Deer Park, TX
Deer Park, TX
Deer Park, TX
Deer Park, TX
Deer Park, TX
Sampling Location
Milby Park (HL1)
Off Goodyear Rd. ,
on unpaved St. (HL2)
Steelman Ave. & El
Buey Way (HL3)
Between Industrial Site
and Ship Channel (HL3)
Tenneco Property
(PL2)
Tenneco Property
(PL3)
Shell Property
(DSL1)
Shell Property
(DSL2)
Diamond Shamrock
Property (DDL1)
Off Tidal Road
(DTL1)
Off Tidal Road
(DTL2)
Sampling Time
(min)
1670-1750
1510-1515
1620-1750
1430-1600
1430-1600
1430-1600
1100-1200
1100-1200
1455-1555
1020-1035
1115-1215
Volume Sampled
(£) Remarks
188
37
229
185
237
191
122
136
137
113
147
7/27/76
60% RH
7/27/76
60% RH
7/27/76
60% RH
7/28/76
65% RH
7/28/76
65% RH
7/28/76
65% RH
7/29/76
66% RH
7/29/76
66% RH
7/29/76
54% RH
7/30/76
50% RH
7/30/76
60% RH
93°F
160°/3 mph
93°F
160°/3 mph
93°F
160°/3 mph
89°F
160°/5-10 mph
89°F
160°/5-10 mph
89°F
160°/5-10 mph
87°F
180° /4-9 mph
87°F
180°/4-9 mph
94°F
130°/4-7 mph
90°F
210°/6 mph
90°F
200V6-8 mph
o
o
-------
Table A25 (cont'd)
'Site
Deer Park, TX
Deer Park, TX
Freeport, TX
Freeport, TX
Freeport, TX
La Porte, TX
La Porte, TX
La Porte, TX
Sampling Time
Sampling Location (min)
Off Tidal Road 1455-1555
(DTL3)
Off Tidal Road 1115-1215
(DTLA)
On Dow Chem. Property 1342-1543
(FL1)
On Dow Chem. Property 1348-1555
(FL2)
On Dow Chem. Property 1425-1508
(FL3)
On E. I. DuPont 1645-1833
de Nemours & Co.
Property (LL1)
On E. I. DuPont 1641-1824
de Nemours & Co.
Property (LL2)
On E. I. DuPont 1114-1252
de Nemours & Co.
Property (LL3)
Volume Sampled
(i) Remarks
162 7/29/76
66% RH
165 7/30/76
60% RH
116 8/9/76
65% RH
85 8/9/76
65% RH
79 8/9/76
65% RH
110 8/12/76
62% RH
82 8/12/76
62% RH
87 8/13/76
53% RH
87°F
180°/4-9 mph
90°F
200°/6-8 mph
90°F
145°/5-10 mph
90°F'
145°/5-10 mph
90°F
145°/5-10 mph
90°F
130-150°/2-6 mph
90°F
130-150°/2-6 mph
92°F
240°/0-4 mph
-------
102
GALENA PARK
ONE INCH = I mile
Figure A19. Sampling locations for Deer Park and Pasadena, TX sites.
-------
N
A
o
GJ
Figure A20. Sampling locations in Freeport, TX (Dow 'A')
-------
SAN J ACINTO BAY
Figure A21. Sampling site and locations in J^JPorte, TX (E. I, DuPont de Nemours & Co.)
-------
Table A26. AMBIENT AIR SAMPLING PROTOCOL FOR LINDEN AND DEEPWATER, NJ
Sampling Site/Period/Location
American Cyanamid/Pl/Ll
P1/L2
P1/L3
PI/LA
P2/L1
P2/L2
P3/L3
P2/L4
P3/L1
P3/L2
P3/L3
P3/L4
Sampling Time
(min)
140
137
139
138
1122
1150
1145
1145
150
150
150
150
Volume Sampled
(V
267
194
228
205
101
62
103
103
236
164
222
202
Remarks
6/21/77 1225-1445
24.4°C 48%RH 0/10 kts
6/21/77 1228-1445
6/21/77 1226-1445-
6/21/77 1227-1445
6/21-22/77 1603-1045
20°C 40%RG 0/5-7 kts
6/21-22/77 1535-1045
6/21-22/77 1540-1045
6/21-22/77 1530-1045
6/22/77 1150-1420
27°C 515%RH 0/5-7 kts
6/22/77 1150-1420
6/22/77 1150-1420
6/22/77 1150-1420
-------
Table A26 (cont'd)
Sampling Site/Period/Location Sampling Time
(mln)
E. I. DuPont de Nemours /P4/L5
P4/L6
P4/L7
P4/L8
P5/L5
P5/L6
P5/L7
P5/L8
P6/L5
P6/L6
P6/L7
P6/L8
141
136
127
120
973
1000
1018
1040
120
120
120
Volume Sampled
W
222
147
192
188
88
90
55
92
128
172
183
Remarks
6/23/77 1612-1833
24°C 48%RH 220° /^5 kts
6/23/77 1602-1818
6/23/77 1600-1807
6/23/77 1554-1754
6/23-24/77 1837-1050
22°C 56%RH 220° /^3-8 kts
6/23-24/77 1823-1103
6/23-24/77 1812-1110
6/23-24/77 1800-1120
6/24/77 1055-1255
24°C 57%RH 220°/8-10 kts
6/24/77 1107-1307
6/24/77 1115-1315
6/24/77 1125-1325
o
cr>
-------
107
Figure A22. Sampling area in Linden, NJ
-------
ARTHUR KILL
N
Figure A23. Sampling locations on American Cyanamid Co. plant site.
-------
8ooo
o
vo
Figure A24. Sampling locations on Chambers Work site of E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Co.,
Deepwater, NJ.
-------
110
APPENDIX B
DESCRIPTION OF SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS METHODS
-------
Ill
SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN AMBIENT AIR
1.0 Principle of Method
Volatile organic compounds are concentrated from ambient air on
Tenax GC in a short glass tube (1-3). Recovery of the volatile organics
*
is accomplished by thermal desorption and purging with helium into a
liquid nitrogen cooled nickel capillary trap (1,2,4) and then the vapors
are introduced into a high resolution glass gas chromatographic column
where the constituents are separated from each other (2,5). Charac-
terization and quantification of the constituents in the sample are
accomplished by mass spectrometry either by measuring the intensity of
the total ion current signal or mass fragmentography (2,6). The collec-
tion and analysis systems are shown in Figure B-l.
2.0 Range and Sensitivity
The linear range for the analysis of volatile organic compounds
depends upon two principal features. The first is a function of the
breakthrough volume of each specific compbund which is trapped on the
Tenax GC sampling cartridge and the second is related to the inherent
sensitivity of the mass spectrometer for each organic (2,7).' Thus, the
range and sensitivity is a direct function of each compound which is
present in the original ambient air. The linear range for the quantita-
tion on the gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer/computer (gc/ms/comp) is
.generally three orders of magnitude. Table Bl lists the overall theore-
tical sensitivity for some examples of volatile organics which is based
on these two principles (7).
The sensitivity of this technique for the very volatile organic
compounds (C, to C,. alkanes) is inadequate for the purpose of this
study. Alternate methods for their collection and analysis are sug-
gested (11). :
3.0 Interferences .
The potential difficulties with this technique are primarily asso-
ciated with those cases where isomeric forms of a particular substance
cannot be resolved by the high resolution chromatographic column and
when the mass cracking pattern of each of the isomers are identical. An
example of such a problem is seen with the C,.-alkyl aromatics of which
-------
112
FLOW
/METE3
NEEDLE
VALVE
CA3T3ICGE
GLASS
FI5E3
FILTER
VAFCR COLLECTION SYSTEM
CESC.= ?TiCM
EXHAUST
S* CAPILLAHY
TRAP
PLC
TTEr?
ANALYTICAL SYSTEM
Figure Bl. Vapor colleccion and analytical systems for
analysis of organic vapors in ambient air.
-------
Table Bl. OVERALL THEORETICAL SENSITIVITY OF HIGH RESOLUTION
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY/COMPUTER ANALYSIS
FOR ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS
Estimated Detection
Limit
Chemical
Class
Halogenated
hydrocarbon
....
Compound
Vinyl bromide
Bromoform
Bromodichloromethane
Dibromochlorome thane
l-Bromo-2-chloroethane
Allyl bromide
1-Bromopropane
l-Chloro-3-bromopropane
l-Chloro-2 , 3-dibromopropane
1 , l-Dibromo-2-chloropropane
1 , 2-Dibromoethane
1 , 3-Dibromopropane
Epichlorohydrin
(l-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane)
Epibromohydrin
(l-Bromo-2,3-epoxypropane)
Bromobenzene
Methyl bromide
Methyl chloride
Vinyl chloride
Methylene chloride
Chloroform
Carbon tetrachloride
3
ng/m
250
0.340
1.300
0.667
1.00
5.00
5.200
0.150
"oO.lOO
•v-0.100
0.530
-vO.100
9.600
0.300
0.100
500
2000
800
700
200
250
ppt
57
0.03
0.22
0.07
0.67
1.04
1.06
0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.07
M).01
2.50
0.05
0.02
135
1000
333
200
420
400
(continued)
-------
Table Bl (cont'd)
Estimated Detection
Limit
Chemical
Class
Halogenated
hydrocarbon
(cont'd)
Halogenated
ethers
Nitrosamines
Oxygenated
hydrocarbons
Compound
1 , 2-Dichloroethane
1 , 1 , 1-Trichloroethane
Tetrachloroethylene
Trichloroethylene
l-Chloro-2-methylpropene
3-Chloro-2-methylpropene
3-Chloro-l-butene
Allyl chloride
4-Chloro-l-butene
l-Chloro-2-butene
Chlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
m-Di chlorobenzene
Benzylchloride
2-Chloroethyl ethyl ether
Bis- (chloromethyl)ether
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
Acrolein
Glycidaldehyde
Propylene oxide
ng/m
32
66
2.5
10
62
62
83
83
38
13
2.10
1.00
0.75
0.65
4.15
1.0
5.0
3.0,
-v.100
-^59
•^60
ppt
8.15
12.45
0.38
1.92
21.5
21.5
4
28.8
28.8
13.2
4.5
0.47
0.06
0.01
0.01
0.97
1.10
1.67
0.74
56.5
9.5
25.5
(continued)
-------
Table Bl (cont'd)
Estimated Detection
Limit
Chemical
Class
Oxygenated
hydrocarbons
(cont'd)
v...
Nitrogenous
Compounds
Sulfur
Compounds
Compound
Butadiene diepoxide
Cyclohexene oxide
Styrene oxide
Acetophenone
B-Propiolactone
Nitromethane
Aniline
Diethyl sulfate
Ethyl methane sulfate
ng/m
•v.20
-v-10
2
•v,2
8
3.0
-v-50
•^5.0
ppt
6.7
2.5
0.415
M).415
•vl.2
^•2.4
0.78
-
capillary column performance and sensitivity of the mass spectrometer to that compound in the
mass fragmentography mode of most intense ion.
-------
116
there are 53 isomers. As the number of carbon atoms increases in the
hydrocarbons and aromatics, the number of potential isomers becomes
increasingly large and difficult to completely resolve by gas chroma-
tography and/or by their corresponding mass cracking patterns. However,
differentiation between the.hydrocarbons, that is alkanes, alkenes,
aromatics, oxygenated, etc. can be accomplished.
4.0 Reproducibility
The reproducibility of this method has been determined to range
from ±10 to ±30% of the relative standard deviation for different subs-
tances when replicate sampling cartridges are examined (5). The inhe-
rent analytical errors are a function of several factors: [1] the
ability to accurately determine the breakthrough volume for each of the
identified organic compounds, [2] the accurate measurement of the am-
bient air volume sampled, [3] the percent recovery of the organic from
the sampling cartridge after a period of storage, [4] the reproduci-
bility of thermal desorption for a compound from the cartridge and its
introduction into the analytical system, [5] the accuracy of determining
the relative molar response ratios between the identified substance and
the external standard used for calibrating the analytical system, [6]
the reproducibility of transmitting the sample through the high resolu-
tion gas chromatographic column and, [7] the day-to-day reliability of
the ms/comp system (1-8).
The accuracy of analysis is generally ±30% but depends on the
chemical and physical nature of the compound (2,8).
5.0 Advantages and Disadvantages of the Method
The gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer interfaced with a glass jet
separator, is extremely sensitive and specific for the analysis of many
volatile organic compounds in ambient air. High resolution gas chroma-
tographic separation provides adequate resolution of the substances
found in ambient air for their subsequent quantification. The com-
bination of the high resolution gas chromatographic column and the
selection of specific or unique ions representing the various compounds
of interest identified in the air samples yields a relatively specific
assay method for these compounds (1-8).
-------
117
Collected samples can be stored up to one month with less than 10%
losses for most of the chemical classes (2,8). Because some of the
compounds of interest may be hazardous to man, it is extremely important
to exercise safety precautions in the preparation and disposal of liquid
and gas standards, cleaning^of used glassware, etc. in the analysis of
air samples.
Since the mass spectrometer cannot be conveniently mobilized,
sampling must be carried out away from the instrument.
The efficiency of air sampling increases as the ambient air de-
creases (i^e., sensitivity increases) (8).
The retention of water by Tenax is low; its thermal stability is
high; and its background is negligible allowing sensitivity analysis
(1,2,5,8).
6.0 Apparatus
6.1 Sampling Cartridges
The sampling tubes are prepared by packing a ten centimeter long by
1.5 cm i.d. glass tube containing 6 cm of 35/60 mesh Tenax GC with glass
wool in the ends to provide support (2,5). Virgin Tenax (or material to
be recycled) is extracted in a Soxhlet apparatus for a minimum of 18
hours each time with acetone and hexane prior to preparation of cart-
ridge samplers (2,5). After purification of the Tenax GC sorbent and
drying in a vacuum oven at 100°C for 3 to 5 hours at 28 inches of water,
all the sorbent material is meshed to provide a 35/60 particle size
range. Cartridge samplers are then prepared and conditioned at 270°C
with helium flow at 30 ml/min for 30 min. The conditioned cartridges
®
are transferred to Kimax (2.5 cm x 150 cm) culture tubes immediately
sealed using Teflon-lined caps and cooled. This procedure is performed
in order to avoid recontamination of the sorbent bed (2,5).
Cartridge samplers with longer beds of sorbent may be prepared
using a proportionally increased amount of Tenax in order to achieve a
larger breakthrough volume for compounds of interest, and thus increa-
sing the overall sensitivity of the technique (8).
6.2 Gas Chromatographic Column
A 0.35 mm i.d. x 100 m glass SCOT capillary column coated with SE-
30 stationary phase and 0.1% benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride is used
-------
118
for effecting the resolution of the volatile organic compounds (5). The
capillary volume is conditioned for 48 hrs. at 245° at 2.25 ml/min of
helium flow.
A glass jet separator on a Varian MAT CH-7 gc/ms/comp system is
employed to interface the gj.ass capillary column to the mass spectro-
meter. The glass jet separator is maintained at 240°C (2,5).
6.3 Inlet Manifold
An inlet manifold for thermally recovering vapors trapped on Tenax
sampling cartridges is used and is shown in Figure Bl (1,2,4,5).
6.4 Gas Chromatograph
A Varian 1700 gas chromatograph is used to house the glass capil-
lary column and is interfaced to the inlet manifold (Figure Bl).
6.5 Mass Spectrometry/Computer
A Varian MAT CH-7 mass spectrometer with a resolution of 2,000
equipped with a single ion monitoring capability is used in tandem with
a gas chromatograph (Figure Bl). The mass spectrometer is interfaced to
a Varian 620/L computer (Figure Bl).
7.0 Reagents and Materials
All reagents used are analytical reagent grade.
8.0 Procedure
8.1 Cleaning of Glassware
All glassware, sampling tubes, cartridge holders, etc. are washed
in Isoclean/water, rinsed with deionized distilled water, acetone and
air dried. Glassware is heated to 450-500°C for 2 hours to insure that
all organic material has been removed prior to its use.
8.2 Preparation of Tenax GC
Virgin Tenax GC is extracted in a Soxhlet apparatus for a minimum
of 18 hours with acetone or methanol prior to its use. The Tenax GC
sorbent is dried in a vacuum oven at 100°C for 3-5 hours and then sieved
to provide a fraction corresponding to 35/60 mesh. This fraction is
used for preparing sampling cartridges. In those cases where sampling
cartridges of Tenax GC are recycled, the sorbent is extracted in a
Soxhlet apparatus with acetone or methanol as described for the virgin
material, but the sorbent is further extracted with a non-polar solvent,
-------
119
hexane, in order to remove the relatively non-polar and non-volatile
materials which might have accumulated on the sorbent bed during previous
sampling periods.
8.3 Collection of Volatile Organics in Ambient Air
Continuous sampling of, ambient air is accomplished using a Nutech
Model 221-A portable sampler (Nutech Corp., Durham, NC, see Figure Bl,
Reference 2). Flow rates between 1-10 £/min are available with this
sampling system. Flow rates are generally maintained at 1 8, using
critical orifices and the total flow is monitored through a calibrated
flow meter. The total flow is also registered by a dry gas meter. Con-
concomitant with these parameters the temperature is continuously recorded
with a Meterological Research, Inc. Weather Station since the breakthrough
volume is important in order to obtain quantitative data on the volatile
organics. This portable sampling unit operates on a 12 volt storage
battery and is capable of continuous operation up to a period of 24
hours. However, in most cases at the rates which are employed in the
field, the sampling period is generally 1-3 hours. This portable sampling
unit is generally utilized for obtaining "high volume" samples. Duplicate
cartridges are deployed on each sampling unit utilizing a sampling head
as shown in Figure B2.
In addition to the Nutech samplers, DuPont personnel samplers are
also used to acquire "low volumes" of ambient air as well as long-term
integrated samples (12-36 hrs). Identical Tenax GC sampling cartridges
are employed in this case, and the sampling is conducted in duplicate.
The flow rate is balanced between duplicate cartridges using critical
orifices to maintain a rate of 25-100 ml/min per cartridge.
For large sample volumes, it is important to realize that a total
volume of air may cause the elution of compounds through the sampling
tube if their breakthrough volume is exceeded. The breakthrough volumes
of some of the volatile organics are shown in Table B2 (2,4,7,8). These
breakthrough volumes have been determined by a previously described
technique (2). The breakthrough volume is defined as that point at
which 50% of a discrete sample introduced into the cartridge is lost.
Although the identity of a compound during ambient air sampling is not
known (therefore, also its breakthrough volume), the compound can still
be quantified after identification by gc/ms/comp once the breakthrough
-------
120
Figure B2. Sampling head for housing cartridge sampling train.
-------
Table B2. TENAX GC BREAKTHROUGH VOLUMES FOR SEVERAL ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS
Temperature (°
Chemical
Class
Halogenated
hydrocarbon
Compound
methyl chloride
methyl bromide
vinyl chloride
methylene chloride
chloroform
carbon tetrachloride
1,2-dichloroethane
1,1, 1- trichloroethane
tetrachloroethylene
trichloroethylene
l-chloro-2-methylpropene
3-chloro-2-methylpropene
1 , 2-dichloropropane
1 , 3-dichloropropane
epichlorohydrin (1-chloro-
2 , 3-epoxypropane)
3-chloro-l-butene
allyl chloride
4-chloro-l-butene
l-chloro-2-butene
chlorobenzene
o-dichlorobenzene
m-di chlorobenzene
b.p.
-24
3.5
13
41
61
77
83
75
121
87
68
72
95
121
116
64
45
75
84
132
181
173
50
8
3
2
11
42
34
53
23
361
90
26
29
229
348
200
19
21
47
146
899
1,531
2,393
60
6
2
1.5
9
31
27
41
18
267
67
20
22
162
253
144
15
16
36
106
653
1,153
1,758
70
5
2
1.25
7
24
21
31
15
196
50
16
17
115
184
104
12
12
27
77
473
867
1,291
80
4
1
1.0
5
18
16
23
12
144
38
12
13
81
134
74
9
9
20
56
344
656
948
F)
90
3
1
0.8
4
13
13
18 «
9
106
28
9
10
58
97
54
7
6
15
40
249
494
697
100
2.5
0.9
0.6
3
10
10
14
7
78
21
7
8
41
70.
39
6
5
12
29
181
372
510
(continued)
-------
Table B2 (cont'd)
Temperature (°F)
Chemical
Class
Halogenated
hydrocarbons
(cont'd)
Halogenated
Ethers
Nitrosamines
Oxygenated
hydrocarbons
Nitrogenous
Hydrocarbons
Sulfur
Compounds
Compound
benzyl chloride
bromoform
ethylene dibromide
bromobenzene
2-chloroethyl ethyl ether
'.:'. Bis-(chloromethyl)ether
N-nitrosodimethylamine
N-nitrosodiethylamine
acrolein
glycidaldehyde
propylene oxide
butadiene diepoxide
cyclohexene oxide
styrene oxide
phenol
acetopheonone
B-propiolactone
nitromethane
aniline
diethyl sulfate
ethyl methane sulfate
b.p.
179
149
131
155
108
-
151
177
53
—
34
—
132
194
183
202
57
101
184
208
86
50
2,792
507
348
2,144
468
995
385
2,529
19
364
35
1,426
2,339
5,370
2,071
3,191
721
45
3,864
40
5,093
60
2,061
386
255
1,521
336
674
280
1,836
14
247
24
1,009
1,644
3,926
1,490
2,382
514
34
2,831
29
3,681
70
1,520
294
188
1,079
241
456
204
1,330
10
168
17
714
1,153
2,870
1,072
1,778
366
25
2,075
21
2,564
80
1,125
224
138
764
234
309
163
966
8
114
11
506
811
2,094
769
1,327
261
19
1,520
15
1,914
90
830
171
101
542
124
209
148 '
700
6
77
8
358
570
1,531
554
991
186
14
1,114
11
1,384
100
612
131
74
384
89
142
107
508
4
52
5
253
400
1,119
398
740
132
11
817
8
998
ro
K3
(continued)
-------
Table B2 (cont'd)
Temperature (°F)
Chemical
Class
Amines
Ethers
Esters
Ketones
Aldehydes
Alcohols
Compound
dimethylamine
isobutylamine
t.-butylamine
di- (n-butyl)amine
pyridine
aniline
diethyl ether
propylene oxide
ethyl acetate
methyl acrylate
methyl methacrylate
acetone
methyl ethyl ketone
methyl vinyl ketone
acetophenone
acetaldehyde
benzaldehyde
methanol
n-propanol
allyl alcohol
b.p.
(°C)
7.4
69
89
159
115
184
34.6
35
77
80
100
56
80-2
81
202
20
179
64.7
97.4
97
50
9
71
6
9,506
378
8,128
29
13
162
164
736
25
82
84
5,346
3
7,586
1
27
32
60
6
47
5
7,096
267
5,559
21
9
108
111
484
17
57
58
3,855
2
5,152
1
20
23
70
4
34
4
4,775
189
3,793
15
7
72
75
318
12
39
40
2,767
2
3,507
0.8
14
16
80
3
23
3
3,105
134
2,588
11
5
48
50
209
8
27
28
2,000
1
2,382
0.6
10
11
90
2
16
2
2,168
95
1,766
8.
4
32
34
137
6
19
19
1,439
0.9
1,622
0.4
7
8
100
1
11
1
1,462
67
1,205
5
3
22
23
90
4
13
14
1,037
0.7
1,101
0.3
5
6
N>
U>
(continued)
-------
Table B2 (cont'd)
Temperature (°F)
Chemical
Class
Aromatics
Hydrocarbons
Inorganic
gases
Compound
benzene
toluene
ethylbenzene
cumene
n-hexane
n-heptane
1-hexene
1-heptene
2 , 2-dimethylbutane
2 , 4-dimethylpentane
4-methyl-l-pentene
cyclohexane
nitric oxide
nitrogen dioxide
chlorine
sulfur dioxide
water
b.p.
(°C)
80.1
110.6
136.2
152.4
68.7
98.4
63.5
93.6
49.7
80.5
53.8
80.7
-
-
100
50
108
494
1,393
3,076
32
143
28
286
0.5
435
14
49
0
0
0
0.06
0.06
60
77
348
984
2,163
23
104
20
196
0.4
252
10
36
0
0
0
0.05
0.05
70
54
245
693
1,525
17
75
15
135
0.3
146
8
26
0
0
0
0.03
0.04
80
38
173
487
1,067
12
55
11
93
0.2
84
6
19
0
0
0
0.02
0.03
90
27
122
344
750
9
39
8-
64
0.2
49
4
14
0
0
0
0.02
0.01
100
19
86
243
527
6
29
6
44
0.1
28
3
10
0
0
0
0.01
0
Breakthrough volume is given in JH/2.2 g Tenax GC used in sampling cartridges.
-------
125
volume has subsequently been established. Thus, the last portion of the
sampling period is selected which represents the volume of air sampled
prior to breakthrough for calculating their concentration. For cases in
which the identity of a volatile organic compound is not known until
after glc/ms, the breakthrough volume is subsequently determined.
Previous experiments have shown that the organic vapors collected
on Tenax GC sorbent are stable and can be quantitatively recovered from
the cartridge samplers up to 4 weeks after sampling when they are
tightly closed in cartridge holders and placed in a second container
that can be sealed, protected from light and stored at 0°C (1,2).
8.4 Analysis of Samples
The instrumental conditions for the analysis of volatile organics
on the sorbent Tenax GC sampling cartridge is shown in Table B3. The
thermal desorption chamber and the six port valco valve are maintained at
270° and 240°, respectively. The glass jet separator is maintained at
240°. The mass spectrometer is set to scan the mass range from 25-350.
The helium purge gas through the desorption chamber is adjusted to 15-20
ml/min. The nickel capillary trap on the inlet manifold is cooled with
liquid nitrogen. In a typical thermal desorption cycle, a sampling
cartridge is placed in the preheated desorption chamber and the helium
gas is channeled through the cartridge to purge the vapors into the
liquid nitrogen capillary trap [the inert activity of the trap has been
shown in a previous study (5)]. After the desorption has been completed,
the six-port valve is rotated and the temperature on the capillary loop
is rapidly raised (greater than 10°/min); the carrier gas then introduces
the vapors onto the high resolution gc column. The glass capillary
column is temperature programmed from ambient to 240°C at 4°C/min and
held at the upper limit for a minimum of 10 rain. After all the
components have been eluted from the capillary column, the analytical
column is then cooled to ambient temperature and the next sample is
processed (2).
An example of the analysis of volatile organics in ambient air is
shown in Figure B3 and the background from a blank cartridge is shown in
Figure B4. The high resolution glass capillary column was coated with
SE-30 stationary which is capable of resolving a multitude of compounds
-------
126
Table B3. OPERATING PARAMETERS FOR GLC-MS-COMP SYSTEM
Parameter Setting
Inlet-manifold > •
desorption chamber 270°C
valve 240°C
capillary trap - minimum -195°C
maximum +180°C
thermal desorption time 4 min
GLC
100 m glass SCOT-SE-30 25-240°C, 4/C° min
carrier (He) flow ^3 ml/min
transfer line to ms 240°C
MS
scan range m/e 25 -> 300
scan rate, automatic-cyclic 1 sec/decade
filament current 300 yA
multiplier 6.0 ,
ion source vacuum ^4 x 10 torr
-------
;y 7Ci-
««>-
? SO'
•f j
cc
Ul
10.-
0
44
—-f—
(cc)
EO 9Z 104 US
12
iri
IS 21 ZA 27 30
._'••*» I7C IM ;PQ -i2
'.2 <3
07 ec
Figure B3. Profile of ambient air pollutants for Wood River, IL using high resolution gas
chromatbgraphy/mass spectrometry/computer.
-------
ec-
<-> rr.-
a: U-
r>
o
40
K)
00
2CI-
IO-
Ql—
20
63 GO S2
TE.VPERATunE (°C)
101 IIS
123
140 102
Figure B4. Background profile for Tenax GC cartridge blank
-------
129
to allow their subsequent identification by ms/comp techniques; in this
case over 120 compounds were identified in this chromatograph.
8.4.1 Operation of the MS/COMP System (Figure B5)
Typically the mass spectrometer is first set to operate in the
repetitive scanning mode. In this mode the magnet is automatically
scanned exponentially upward from a preset low mass to a high mass
value. Although the scan range may be varied depending on the particular
sample, typically the range is set from m/e 25 to m/e 300. The scan is
completed in approximately 1.8 seconds. At this time the instrument
automatically resets itself to the low mass position in preparation for
the next scan, and the information is accumulated by an on-line 620/L
computer and written onto magnetic tapes or the dual disk system. The
reset period requires approximately 2.0 seconds. Thus, a continuous
scan cycle of 3.8 seconds/scan is maintained and repetitively executed
throughout the chromatographic run. The results is the accumulation of
a continuous series of mass spectra throughout the chromatographic run
in sequential fashion.
Prior to running unknown samples, the system is calibrated by
introducing a standard substance, perfluorokerosene, into the instrument
and determining the time of appearance of the known standard peaks in
relation to the scanning magnetic field. The calibration curve which is
thus generated is stored in the 620/L computer memory. This calibration
serves only to calibrate the mass ion over the mass scanning range.
While the magnet is continuously scanning, the sample is injected
and automatic data acquisition is initiated. As each spectrum is acquired
by the computer, each peak which exceeds a preset threshold is recognized
and reduced to centroid time and peak intensity. This information is
stored in the computer core while the scan is in progress. In addition,
approximately 30 total ion current values and an equal number of Hall
probe signals are stored in the core of the computer as they are acquired.
During the two-second period between scans this spectral information,
along with the spectrum number, is written sequentially on disks, and
the computer is reset for the acquisition of the next spectrum.
This procedure continues until the entire gc run is completed. By
this time there are from 800-1400 spectra on the disk which are then
subsequently processed. Depending on the information required, that day
-------
V
Gc column
(capillary)
Random
access
disk
Sample
inlet/
manifold
Separator
Varian CM-7
mass
spectrometer
States
plotter
1200 Baud
modem
Telephone
T
Cyphernetics
time shared
PDP/10
LO
O
Figure B5- Schematic diagram of gc-ms computer system.
-------
131
may then either be processed immediately or additional samples may be
run, stored on magnetic tape and the results examined at a later time.
The mass spectral data are processed in the following manner.
First, the original spectra are scanned and the total ion current (TIC)
information is extracted. Then the TIC intensities are plotted against
the spectrum number on the States 31 recorder. The information will
generally indicate whether the run is suitable for further processing,
since it provides some idea of the number of unknowns in the sample and
the resolution obtained using the particular gc column conditions.
The next stage of the processing involves the mass conversion of
the spectral peak times to peak masses which is done directly via the
dual disk system. The mass conversion is accomplished by use of the
calibration table obtained previously using perfluorokerosene. Normally
one set of the calibration data is sufficient for an entire day's data
processing since the characteristics of the Hall probe are such that the
variation in calibration is less than 0.2 atomic mass units/day. A
typical time required for this conversion process for 1,000 spectra is
approximately 30 min.
After the spectra are obtained in mass converted form, processing
proceeds either manually or by computer. In the manual mode, the full
spectrum of scans for the gc run is recorded on the States 31 plotter.
The TIC information available at this time is most useful for deciding
which spectra are to be analyzed. At the beginning of the runs where
peaks are very sharp nearly every spectrum must be inspected
individually to determine the identity of the component. Later in the
chromatographic run when the peaks are broader only selected scans need
to be analyzed.
Identification of resolved components is achieved by comparing the
mass cracking patterns of the unknown mass spectra to an eight major
peak index of mass spectra (9). Individual difficult unknowns are
searched by the use of the Cornell University STIRS and PBM systems.
Unknowns are also submitted to EPA MSSS system for identification. When
feasible, the identification of unknowns are confirmed by comparing the
cracking pattern and elution temperatures for two different chroma-
tographic columns (SE-30 and Carbowax SCOT capillaries) for the unknown
and authentic compounds. The relationship between the boiling point of
-------
132
the identified halogenated hydrocarbon and the elution temperature on a
non-polar column (the order of elution of constituents is predictable in
homologous series since the SE-30 SCOT capillary separates primarily on
the basis of boiling point) is carefully considered in making structure
assignments.
Mass spectral search programs are operational at the Triangle
Universities Computation Center (TUCC). RTI maintains twice daily
service to TUCC, which is a one-quarter mile distance from the RTI
campus. Additional information about each magnetic tape containing the
mass spectra of halogenated hydrocarbons is entered directly into the
TUCC job stream using a remote job entry processing. This is normally
done at TUCC using one of the five terminals located within the Analytical
Sciences Laboratory. The control information contains selected spectrum
numbers of instructions to process entire gc runs. The computer program
systems compare simultaneously either the entire library of 25,000
compounds or some subset of this library. The complete reports showing
the best fits for each of the unknowns is produced at TUCC and printed
out at the high speed terminals located on the RTI campus of TUCC.
Thus, the processing of the mass spectral data obtained for the halogena-
ted hydrocarbons in the samples collected is processed by one of three
routes. Each consists of a different level of effort. The first level
is strictly a manual interpretation process which proves to be the most
thorough approach. The second level is executed when the interpretation
at the first level has not yielded conclusive results.
8.4.2 Quantitative Analysis
In many cases the estimation of the level of pollutants by capil-
lary gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry is not
feasible utilizing only the total ion current monitor (See Figure B3 for
example). Since baseline resolution between peaks is not always achieved,
we employ the techniques which have been previously developed under
contract whereby full spectra are obtained during the chromatographic
separation step and the selected ions are presented as mass fragmentograms
using computer software programs which allow the possibility of deconvolu-
ting constituents which were not resolved in the total ion current
chromatogram (6). Examples are depicted in Figures B6 and B7 which
represent an ambient air sample with a TIC profile as in Figure B3.
-------
m/e
m/e 166 .
50
100 150 200
MASS SPECTRUM NO.
250
300
OJ
Figure B6. Mass fragmentograms of characteristic ions representing carbon tetrachloride
(m/e 117), tetrachloroethylene (m/e 166) and m-dichlorobenzene (m/e 146)
in ambient air.
-------
methylene chloride
m/e 49V I
\1 A
m/e 83
,1,1.1.1. ,1,1,1.1.1.1.1.1,1,1.1.1.1,1,1.1.1,1,1.1,1.1,1.1,
5O
100 150 200
MASS SPECTRUM NO.
25O
U)
FigureB?. Mass fragmentograms of characteristic ion representing methylene chloride
(m/e 49).; and chloroform (m/e 83) in ambient air.
-------
135
In our gc/ms/comp system, we request from the Varian 620/L dedi-
cated computer mass fragmentograms for any combination of m/e ions when
full mass spectra are obtained during chromatography; thus selectivity
is obtained by selecting the unique ion for that particular organic
substance and this is represented vs . time with subsequent use of that
ion intensity for quantitation. Also quantitation with external standards
is easily achieved using the intensity of the total ion current monitor
or the use of a unique mass cracking ion in a mass spectrum of the
external standard. Thus, we use mass fragmentography for the quantitation
of organics in ambient air when the total ion current monitor is inade-
quate because of the lack of complete resolution between components in
the mixture.
As described previously, the quantitation of constituents in ambient
air samples is accomplished either by utilizing the total ion current
monitor or where necessary the use of mass fragmentograms. In order to
eliminate the need to obtain complete calibration curves for each com-
pound for which quantitative information is desired, we use the method
of relative molar response (RMR) factors (10). Successful use of this
method requires information on the exact amount of standard added and
the relationship of RMR (unknown) to the RMR (standards). The method of
calculations is as follows:
A , /Moles .
(1) RMR = unk unk
unknown/ standard ~ A , /Moles ,
A = peak area, determined by integration or triangulation.
The value of RMR was determined from at least three independent
analyses .
A . /g . /GMW .
unk 6unk unk
A = peak area, as above
g = number of grams present
GMW = gram molecular weight
Thus, in the sample analyzed:
A .GMW , g , ,
unk unk 6std
(3) g
unk A ^ , GMW . RMR . . . ,
std std unk/std
-------
136
The standard added can be added as an internal standard during
sampling, however, since the volume of air taken to produce a given
sample is accurately known, it is also possible and more practical to
use an external standard whereby the standard is introduced into the
cartridge prior to its analysis. Two standards, hexafluorobenzene and
perfluorotoluene are used for the purpos'e of calculating RMR's. From
previous research it has been determined that the retention times for
these two compounds are such that they elute from the glass capillary
column (SE-30) at a temperature and retention time which does not inter-
fere with the analysis of unknown compounds in ambient air samples.
Since the volume of air taken to produce a given sample is accura-
tely known and an external standard is added to the sample, then the
weight can be determined per cartridge and hence the concentration of
the unknown. The approach for quantitating ambient air pollutants
requires that the RMR is determined for each constituent of interest.
This means that when an ambient air sample is taken, the external standard
is added during the analysis at a known concentration. It is not impera-
tive at this point to know what the RMR of each of the constituents in
the sample happens to be. However, after the unknowns are identified
then the RMR can be subsequently determined and the unknown concen-
tration calculated in the original sample using the RMR. In this manner
it is possible to obtain qualitative and quantitative information on the
same sample with a minimum of effort.
9.0 References
1. Pellizzari, E. D., Development of Method for Carcinogenic Vapor
Analysis in Ambient Atmospheres. Publication No. EPA-650/2-74-121,
Contract No. 68-02-1228, 148 pp., July, 1974.
2. Pellizzari, E. D., Development of Analytical Techniques for
Measuring Ambient Atmospheric Carcinogenic Vapors. Publication No.
EPA-600/2-75-075, Contract No. 68-02-1228, 187 pp., November, 1975.
3. Pellizzari, E. D., J. E. Bunch, B. H. Carpenter and E. Sawicki,
Environ. Sci. Tech., 9, 552 (1975).
4. Pellizzari, E. D., B. H. Carpenter, J. E. Bunch and E. Sawicki,
Environ. Sci. Tech., 9, 556 (1975).
-------
137
5. Pellizzari, E. D., The Measurement of Carcinogenic Vapors in
Ambient Atmospheres. Publication No. EPA-600/7-77-055, Contract
No..68-02-1228, 288pp., June, 1977.
6. Pellizzari, E. D., J. E. Bunch, R. E. Berkley and J. McRae,
Anal. Chem., 48, 803 (1976).
7. Pellizzari, E. D., Quarterly Report No. 1, EPA Contract No.
68-02-2262, February, 1976.
8. Pellizzari, E. D., J. E. Bunch, R. E. Berkley and J. McRae,
Anal. Lett., 9, 45 (1976).
9. "Eight Peak Index of Mass Spectra", Vol. 1, (Tables 1 and 2) and
II (Table 3), Mass Spectrometry Data Centre, AWRE, Aldermaston,
Reading, RF74PR, UF, 1970.
10. Pellizzari, E. D., Quarterly Report No. 3, EPA Contract No.
68-02-2262, in preparation.
11. Pellizzari, E. D., "Measurement of Carcinogenic Vapors in
Ambient Atmospheres", EPA Contract No. 68-02-1228, Final Report,
in press.
Written analytical protocol prepared 1/24/77.
------- |