MSAR 82-04
A-104
                 QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN
                           to
             Environmental Protection Agency
      Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
      Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
       DEMONSTRATION OF VAPOR CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
            FOR GASOLINE LOADING OF BARGES

                 (Contract 68-02-3657)
                     11  January  1982

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MSAR 82-04
A-104
                 QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN
                           to
             Environmental Protection Agency
      Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
      Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
        DEMONSTRATION OF VAPOR CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
             FOR GASOLINE LOADING OF BARGES

                  (Contract 68-02-3657)
                     11 January 1982
Approval:

Project Manager, S.S. Gross 	
Q.A. Official, J. Wiley     	
IERL Project Officer, S.J. Rakes
Q.A. Officer, Gary Johnson  	

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                                          Section No.	1
                                          Revision No.      4"
                                         Date:  	11 January. 19821
                                         Page    2    of    20
                    TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                          Page

TITLE PAGE                                                  1
TABLE OF CONTENTS                                           2
PROJECT DESCRIPTION   .    .                                  3
PROJECT ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITY                     6
Q.A. OBJECTIVES                           '           '       7
CALIBRATION, SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES             9
SAMPLE CUSTODY                                             13
DATA REDUCTION, VALIDATION AND REPORTING                   14
INTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL CHECKS                            15
PERFORMANCE AND SYSTEM- AUDITS                              16
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE                            .         17
PROCEDURES TO ASSESS DATA                             '     18
CORRECTIVE ACTION                                          19
QUALITY ASSURANCE REPORTS TO MANAGEMENT                    20
APPENDIX

                      DISTRIBUTION

Name                      Title
S.S. Gross          MSAR Project Manager
J. Wylie            MSAR Q.A. Official
S.J. Rakes          EPA Project Officer

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                                         Section No.        1
                                         Revision No.       4
                                         Date:    11 January l
                                         Page    3    of   zo
                   PROJECT DESCRIPTION
          It is desirable to collect and treat the gasoline
vapors emitted during barge loading operations.  During Task
5 of this project, the effluent gasoline vapors will be
collected and sent to an incinerator

          Reference is made to Work Plan dated 11 November
1980, Revised Work Plan 20 August 1981, and the Statement of
Work on EPA Contract Number 68-02-3657 for more detailed de-
scription of the Project.

          Tasks 1-4 of the project have been completed and did
not involve monitoring or measurements.

          Task 6 includes a fugitive properties test.  However,
this test will most likely be adapted from existing tests and/
or techniques since only 80 hours have been allocated to this
area.  Therefore  a  QA. Plan  is  not  required  for Task  6.

          While the primary concern of the project is safety,
the quantity of emitted gasoline vapors-and performance of
the control system are needed for economic and feasibility
evaluations.  In addition, where applicable, the results of
effluent stream analyses are to be entered into the Environ-
mental Assessment Data System (EADS).

          A sketch of the project is shown in figure T.

          A 10,500 barrel barge will be moored by dockside.
A flexible 6 inch 1ine ,connected to the on-shore vapor col-
lection lines,will be bolted to the steel  6 inch vapor lines
on the barge.  Data will be taken continually as the barge
is being filled with gasoline.

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                                         Section No.    1
                                         Revision No.   4	
                                         Date:  11 January 1982
                                         Page
of
!0
                 Incinerator
                        Vapor Collection Line
1.   Sampling point for the vapors of air-
    gasoline displaced from barge during
    loading.
2.   % hydrocarbons in displaced vapors
    during loading.
3.   Hydrocarbons in incinerator exhaust.
     Figure 1  - Schematic of Gasoline Barge Vapor Control

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                                         Section No. 	1	
                                         Revision No. 	""&.-.-».
                                         Date:   U  January 1982
                                         Page   5 •    of  • zo
          After the barge is filled with gasoline, the collection
of data will stop.  The barge will be emptied by pumping the
gasoline back to the storage tanks.  After the barge is com-
pletely emptied, the fill cycle will be repeated several days
later.  Data will once again be collected upon filling the barge.

          It will take approximately 5 hours to fill the barge
and 8 hours to empty.  It is expected 5 to 8 fill cycles will
be performed for this project.

          The parameters which will be measured are the volume
of vapors (CFM) displaced from the barge duri.ng filling, the
percent total hydrocarbons in the vapors, the amount of liquid
gasoline loaded (gallons), the total hydrocarbons in the in-
cinerator exhaust (in ppm) and percent hydrocarbon at leak
points in the vapor collection lines.

          The data from the project will be used to determine
the amount of gasoline vapors emitted during barge loading,
as well as the minimum performance of the vapor control unit.
It is expected that the minimum performance of the incin-
erator will be an emission level which does not exceed 35
milligrams of volatile organic compounds per 1 liter of gaso-
line loaded.

          The safety, economic, and emissions data will be
used to evaluate the suitability of vapor control during
barge loading of gasoline.      .       .

          We anticipate start-up by 11 January 1982 and com-
pletion 11 February 1982.

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                                              Section No.  	1_	
                                              Revision No.  	4    _
                                              Date: 	11 January 1982
                                              Page     6     of      20~
          PROJECT ORGANIZATION  AND RESPONSIBILITY
           Below is the  relationship of  the Q.A.  Official  and
Program Manager in the  corporate organization.
                         President - MSA
 \  Frank
Dr.  Frank W. Smith
MSA Vice President
       RD&E

Dr.  J.W. Mausteller
  General Manager
   MSA Research

 .   S.S. Gross
  Program Manager

    S.S. Gross
    F. Roehlich
 (on-site samplers)
I
William  C. Hamilton
 MSA Vice President
   Manufacturing
        I
  Dr.  R.A. Brown
   Q.A.  Manager
        MSA
        I
   John  Wylie
 Quality Assurance
     Official

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                                              Section No. 	]_
                                              Revision No.    4
                                              Date:  11  January 1982
                                              Page   7  of     20
                     Q.A. OBJECTIVES
          Q.A. objectives for Accuracy and Completeness are
shown in Table 1.  No objectives have been set for Precision
since, due to costs, the standard deviation will not be
calculated.

          The data which we will obtain should express a
high degree of representativeness since the parameters will
be measured continuously and directly as possible.

          It is unknown at this time with what degree of
confidence one data set can be compared to another.  Few
previous attempts have been made to measure the conditions
of the displaced vapors during gasoline barge loading.  In
addition, the displaced gasoline vapors can vary con-
siderably due to ambient temperature, cleaned vs uncleaned
barge and type of gasoline.

          Also, due to cost, Accuracy will not be calculated
The objectives listed in Table 1 are expected equipment
accuracies based upon equipment supplier specifications.

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Table  1  -  Q.A.  Objectives
Measurement
Parameter (method)
Gas volume (2A)

Percent hydrocarbons
in gas volume
(25B)
Volume of gasoline
loaded
(survey)
Hydrocarbons in gas
volume
(25A)
Leaks in vapor col-
lection line
(21)
Reference
_

_


_


_


_


Experimental
Conditions
air-vapors leav-
ing barge
air-vapors leav-
ing barge

liquid gasoline
loaded

exhaust from in-
cinerator

actual leakage


Precision
Std. Dev.














Accuracy
<±5%

<±5%


<±5%


<±10*


<±20%


Completeness
100%

100%


100%


100%


90%


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                                                                          C"  .
                                                                        ro
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                                                                          DO

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                                         Section No. 	1
                                         Revision No.      ?T
                                         Date:   11 January
                                         Page     9    of    20
     CALIBRATION, SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES


          Five major parameters will be measured:

1.   Volume of Air-Gasoline Displaced From Barge

          The proposed method of measurement'is EPA Method
2A (Appendix).  We propose to use a turbometer with a tempera-
ture and pressure recorder.  Since the meter is calibrated
at the factory, we will not conduct the calibration procedures
in Method 2A.

          The meter will be placed directly in the on-shore
vapor line just upstream of the flexible hose to the barge.
This location was chosen as the most convenient in terms of
its installation, removal and servicing.  The barge filling
time is approximately 5 hours.  Therefore, while the filling
rate is fairly constant, temperature or pressure changes
could occur.  Readings for the data sheet in figure 2A-1 of
Method 2A will be taken every 30 minutes.

          As a check, we will compare the output from the
turbometer with the volume of liquid gasoline loaded.  While
some vapor expansion may occur the rates of the volume of
vapors from the turbometer over the volume of liquid gasoline
loaded should be less than 1.4.

2.   Hydrocarbon Concentration in the Vapors Displaced From
    the Barge

          We  propose to  use Method  25B  (Appendix), which

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                                          Section No. 	1
                                          Revision No.
                                          Date:   11 January
                                          Page    10    of    20
uses a nondispersive infrared analyzer manufactured by MSA.
A product data sheet on the instrument is enclosed.

          The sampling point for the explosion proof NDIR
will be on the downstream side of the knockout tank approxi-
mately 6 feet from the turbometer.  A quarter inch sampling
port is provided in the 6 inch vapor line.  The analyzer will
be located on a stand at the sampling .point.  Approximately
2 feet of sampling line will be used.  The NDIR is placed
close to the sampling point to minimize vapor condensation.
No sample conditioning will be done prior to analysis.

          The percent hydrocarbons in the displaced vapors
is expected to vary from 0 to 55%.  During the first 4-5
hours of filling the barge, the displaced vapors contain
0-15% hydrocarbons.  During the last 0.5 hours, as the barge
is almost full, the percent of hydrocarbons increases rapidly
to 55%.
          The calibration gases will  be ordered as Primary
Standards traceable to NBS.  These Primary  Standards will  be
prepared gravimetrically using weights traceable to NBS  for
those  cases where  no Standard Reference Materials  (SRM)  exist,
          A strip chart recorder will be used to continuously
record the output from the NDIR instrument.

3.  Volume of Liquid Gasoline Loaded

          The volume of liquid gasol ine. 1 oaded will be'de-
termined by a commercial  surveyor.  Because of the large
quantity of gasoline transferred by barge, liquid meters are
not used.  Instead, an independent surveyor will measure the
barge and the storage tank to determine the quantity of gaso-
line transferred.  The commercial  surveyor for this program
will probably be E.W.  Saybolt and Co., Inc.

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                                         Section No. 	T_
                                         Revision No.       4
                                         Date:   11 January 1982
                                         Page   11    of    20
          The volume of liquid gasoline transferred can then
be compared with the volume of vapor displaced to determine
vapor growth as well as a basis for determining emission
levels at the incinerator.

4..  Level of Hydrocarbons in Incinerator Exhaust

          The level of hydrocarbons in the incinerator ex-
haust will be determined by using a flame ionization analyzer
(Method 25A, with the exception of Protocol  #1 in Section 4).

          The sampling point for the FID will be 24 inches
from the end of the incinerator exhaust ductwork.  A sampling
port is provided for exhaust sampling at this point.  The FID
instrumentation will be on a stand with the sampling line
approximately 3 feet in length.  No sample conditioning will
be done prior to analysis.

          The calibration gases will be purchased from a
vendor and tested by MSAR or, if needed, the EPA to confirm
the true concentration.

          The volume of air from the incinerator will be de-
termined by measuring the intake volume to the incinerator
blower.  We will add the volume of vapors from the barge to
determine the total quantity of air and vapors entering the
incinerator.  The temperature of the .incinerator exhaust
will be used to make air volume corrections.  We will measure
the temperature with a dial gauge thermometer.  The tempera-
ture will be calibrated as in 4.2 of Method 2A.

          The blower moves over 21,000 cfm of air through
the incinerator.  Only a maximum of 300 cfm of vapors will

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                                          Section No. 	1
                                          Revision No.      3
                                          Date:   Tl January 1982
                                          Page    12     of 	20
arrive from the barge vapor line.  Therefore,  less  than  2%  of
the gases moving through the incinerator will  be  from  the
barge.

          The volume of air to the blower will be measured
using Reference Method 2 (pitot-tube velocity  traverse).

          The blower runs at a constant speed.  Therefore,
there should not be gross variations in the volume  of  air..

          There is no auxiliary fuel source except  for a.
pilot flame.  Therefore, all unburned hydrocarbons  found in
the incinerator exhaust will be assumed to be  from  the gaso-
line vapors displaced from the barge.

5.   Leaks in the Vapor Collection Lines

          Leaks in the vapor collection lines  will  be  de-
termined using Method 21 (Appendix).

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                                          Section No. 	]
                                          Revision No.      4
                                          Date:    11 'January 1'982
                                          Page     13    of    ^
                      SAMPLE  CUSTODY
          Data from  the  sampling  instrument and support equip-
ment will be placed  in project  notebooks  and kept permanently
in MSA corporate files.

          Copies of  raw  data  will  be  included in Monthly
Progress Reports.

          Since samples  will  not  be  collected nor subject
to transport, no chain of  custody  is  established.

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                                         Section No.  	
                                         Revision No. 	
                                         Date:   11 January
                                         Page   14    of    20
        DATA REDUCTION, VALIDATION AND REPORTING
          The raw data from recorders and data sheets as well
as the results of the calibration checks will be recorded in
a project notebook on-site.  Copies of the raw data and re-
sults of the calibration checks will be-included in the Monthly
Progress Reports.

          Data reduction will be conducted as specified in
the enclosed methods.

          For each filling cycle the following information
will be reported:
          1.  Total volume of gasoline vapors
              displaced.
          2.  A graph of the percent hydrocarbon
              versus time.
          3.  Volume of liquid gasoline transferred.
          4.  A graph of the percent hydrocarbon in
              the incinerator exhaust versus time.
          5.  Number and estimated size of the leaks
              during the filling cycle.
          6.  Performance of the incinerator by
              dividing the total weight of hydro-
              carbons from the incinerator exhaust
              by the volume of liquid gasoline loaded.
              The results will be reported as mg/Ji.

          The principal criteria for data validation will be
pre and post-cycle calibrations conducted just before and
after the barge is filled with gasoline.

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                                          Section No. 	1
                                          Revision No.       4
                                          Date:   M January \ySZ~~
                                          Page    15    Of     20
             INTERNAL QUALITY  CONTROL  CHECKS
          Internal quality control  checks  for  this  project
will be the calibration standards  specified  for each measure-
ment parameter.

          While no calibration  check  has  been  specified by
MSAR for Method 2A, Method 21 has  specifications for cali-
bration precision in Section  2.1.2.2.   Method  25A and 25B
have calibration drift specifications  in  Section 5.2

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                                             Section No. 	1_
                                             Revision No.       4
                                             Date:  11 January 1982
                                             Page   16  of    20
              PERFORMANCE AND SYSTEM AUDITS
          A task group consisting of members from the  EPA,
Coast Guard, American Petroleum Institute and barge ope-
rators has been formed to examine the project performance.
Before actual field testing is initiated, the task group
will review the barge vapor control system as well as  the
instrumentation used to obtain results.

          MSA's Quality Assurance Officer will also be
present during the initial test to verify calibration  and
data collection procedures of the field personnel.

          An independent assessment of the data will be
conducted by the task group.  During the field tests,  a
meeting will be held with the task group to examine, discuss
and evaluate the data.  The task group may also decide to
actually visit the test site, witness calibration and  ope-
rational procedures.  The task group's comments and con-
clusions will be included in the QA report to the EPA
Project Officer.

          While the calibration techniques should provide
a reliable internal performance audit of the analytical
instruments, the EPA Project Officer may wish to have  an
independent assessment. . It will be the responsibility of
the EPA to provide for the independent assessment.

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                                          Section No. 	1
                                          Revision No.T
                                          Date:   .11 January 1982"
                                          Page    17     of    20
                 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
          The instrumentation will, of course,  be  cleaned
and calibrated before placing into the field.   If  problems
are encountered during field tests, it is possible  to  re-
move the instruments for repair at our MSA  instrument  repair
group.   The barge loading events can be easily  rescheduled.
to suit our data collection needs since the  barge  is dedi-
cated to this program.

          MSA has instruction, service, and  maintenance
manuals for the NDIR, FID and the portable  gas  meter.  The
supplier of the turbometer has recommended  installation,
service and maintenance procedures which will be followed.

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                                         Section No.  	1
                                         Revision No.*T
                                         Date:   11 January 1982
                                         Page   18     of    20
                PROCEDURES TO ASSESS DATA
          The calibration procedures used in the referenced
methods will be used to assess the data.  As long as the in-
strumentation fulfills the calibration requirement the data
will be considered valid.

          Since the gas meter will not be calibrated before
and after each cycle, the volume of vapors displaced from
the barge will be compared with the volume of loaded liquid
gasoline.  These values should be fairly equal.

          Because of the limited number of cycles which will
be conducted  (5 to 8) as well as budget restraints, data
will not be assessed for precision, accuracy nor completeness.
Accuracy and  completeness objectives shown in Table 1  are
based on equipment supplier  specifications and our intention
to continuously monitor during a fill event.

          While it is our desire to collect the data con-
tinually during a fill event, it is expected that at least  one
of the five to eight fill cycles will result in instrument
malfunction.   It is our goal  to obtain  at least four fill
events with proper instrument performance.

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                                          Section No.       1
                                          Revision  No. 	J4
                                          Date:  11 January 19'52
                                          Page    19     of
                    CORRECTIVE ACTION
          If the instruments are not meeting the required
calibration guidelines, the span knob will be used to adjust
the instrument.  If proper instrument performance cannot be
assured using the span adjustment, the Program Manager will
be responsible for instrument repair or replacement.

          Mr. Roehlich and Mr. Gross will both be responsible
for the calibration check and any corrective action.  Mr. Gross
will  be responsible for approving such action.

          Because of the inability to conduct instrument re-
pairs at the terminal (due to safety if the instrument is in
an explosion-proof housing or because of weather), our only
alternative to improve instrument performance is a span ad-
justment.   If span adjustment does not result in proper per-
formance,  the instrument will have to be taken to our Evans
City instrument repair lab.

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                                          Section No.  	1
                                          Revision No.T
                                          Date:  11 January 1982
                                          Page     20    of    20
         QUALITY ASSURANCE  REPORTS  TO  MANAGEMENT
          Midway through the  field  tests,  data will  be sent
to the EPA Project Officer  and  the  task  group.  At this time
comments and suggestions will be  solicited on  the data 'gen-
erated thus far.  After the completion of  the  field  tests,
a complete set of field data  will  be  sent  to  the EPA Project
Officer.

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APPENDIX

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              METHOD 2A.  DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF GAS VOLUME       r-v v\
                      THROUGH PIPES AND SMALL DUCTS         ?/^ Vjl
                                                         f^"-
1.   Applicability and Principle                          "v*'"
     1.1  Applicability.  This method applies to the measurement of
gas flow rates in pipes and small ducts, either in-line or at
exhaust positions,.within the temperature range of 0 to 50eC.
     1.2  Principle.  A gas volume meter is used to directly  measure
gas volume.  Temperature and pressure measurements are made to correct
the volume to standard conditions.
2.   Apparatus
     Specifications for the apparatus are given below.  Any other
apparatus that has been demonstrated (subject to approval of  the
Administrator) to be capable of meeting the specifications will be
considered acceptable.
     2.1  Gas Volume Meter.  A positive displacement meter, turbine
meter, or other direct volume measuring device capable of measuring
volume to within 2 percent.  The meter shall be equipped with a
temperature gauge (+_ 2 percent of the minimum absolute temperature)
and a pressure gauge (+_2.5 mm Hg).  The manufacturer's recommended
capacity of the meter shall be sufficient for the expected maximum
and minimum flow rates at the sampling conditions.  Temperature,
pressure, corrosive characteristics, and pipe size are factors
necessary to consider in choosing a suitable gas meter.
     2.2  Barometer.  A mercury, aneroid, or other barometer  capable
of measuring atmospheric pressure to within 2.5-mm Hg.  In many cases,

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the barometric reading may be obtained from a nearby national
weather service station, in which case the station value (which
is the absolute barometric pressure) shall be requested, and an
adjustment for elevation differences between the weather station
and the sampling point shall be applied at a rate of minus 2.5 mm Hg
per 30-meter elevation increase, or vice-versa for elevation decrease.
     2.3  Stopwatch.  Capable of measurement to within 1 second.
3.  Procedure
     3.1  Installation.  As there are numerous types of pipes and
small ducts that may be subject to volume measurement, it would be
difficult to describe all possible installation schemes.  In general,
flange fittings should be used for all connections wherever possible.
Gaskets or other seal materials should be used to assure leak-tight
connections.  The volume meter should be located so as to avoid
severe vibrations and other factors that may affect the meter
calibration.
     3.2  Leak Test.  A volume meter  installed at a location under
positive pressure may be leak-checked at the meter connections by
using a liquid leak detector solution containing a surfactant.  Apply
a  small amount of the solution to the connections.  If a leak exists,
bubbles will  form, and  the  leak must  be corrected.
   •  A volume meter installed at a  location under negative pressure
is very difficult to test for leaks without blocking flow at the
inlet of the  line and watching for meter movement.  If this procedure
is not possible, visually check all connections and assure tight seals.

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     3.3  Volume Measurement.
     3.3.1  For sources with continuous, steady emission flow rates,
record the initial meter volume reading, meter temperature(s), meter
pressure, and start the stopwatch.  Throughout the test period, record
the meter temperature(s) and pressure so that average values can be
determined.  At the end of the test, stop the timer and record the
elapsed time, the final volume reading, meter temperature(s), and
pressure.  Record the barometric pressure at the beginning and end of
the test run.  Record the data on a table similar to Figure 2A-1.
     3.3.2  For sources with noncontiguous, non-steady emission flow
rates, use the procedure in 3.3.1 with the addition of the following.
Record all the meter parameters and the start and stop times
corresponding to each process cyclical or noncontiguous event.
4.  Calibration
     4.1  Volume Meter.  The volume meter is calibrated against a
standard reference meter prior to its initial use in the field.  The
reference meter is a spirometer or liquid displacement meter with a
capacity consistent with that of the test meter.  Alternative
references may be used upon approval of the Administrator.
     Set up the test meter in a configuration similar to that used in the
field installation (i.e., in relation to the flow moving device).  Connect
the temperature and pressure gauges as they are to be used in the field.
Connect the reference meter at the inlet of the flow line, if appropriate
for.the meter, and begin gas flow through the system to condition the
meters.  During this conditioning operation, check the system for leaks.

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Plant
Date
  Run Number
Sample Location^
Barometric Pressure nan Hg.
Operators	
Start
Finish
Meter Number
Meter Calibration Coefficient
                                  Last Date Calibrated
Time '
Run/clock'


	







-



Volume'
Meter •
' reading














Average
Static
pressure
mm Hg






Temperature
. oC • • ... OK




....
t
:
y
!•••-.-
»
	
•
i
t . .
i
t
i


















             Figure 2A-1.  Volume flov/ rate measurement data

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     The calibration shall be run over at least three different
flow rates.  The calibration flow rates shall be about 0.3, 0.6,
and 0.9 times the meter's rated maximum flow rate.
     For each calibration run, the data to be collected include:
reference meter initial and final volume readings, the test meter
initial and final volume reading, meter average temperature and
pressure, barometric pressure, and run time.  Repeat the runs at
each flow rate at least three times.
     Calculate the test meter calibration coefficient, Y , for each
run as follows:

                (V   - V ,)(t  + 273)      P
                  rf -   ,
                  rf    r1   r                             Eq.  2A-1
Where:
     Ym  = Test volume meter calibration coefficient, dimensionless.
     V-  = Reference meter volume reading, m .
     V   = Test meter volume reading, m .
     t   = Reference meter average temperaturjs, "C.
     t   = Test meter average temperature, °C.
     P.  = Barometric pressure, mm Hg.
     P   = Test meter average static pressure,  mm Hg.
     f   = Final reading for run.
     i   = Initial reading for run.
     Compare the three Y  values at each of the flow" rates tested
                        m
and determine the maximum and minimum values.  The difference between

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the maximum and minimum values at each flow rate should be no
greater .than 0.030.  Extra runs may be required to complete this
requirement.  If this specification cannot be met in six
successive runs, the test meter is not suitable for use.  In addition,
the meter coefficients should be between 0.95 and 1.05.  If these
specifications are met at all the flow rates, average all the Y
                                                               m
values for an average meter calibration coefficient, T .
     The procedure above shall be performed at least once for each volume
meter.  Therefore, an abbreviated calibration check shall be completed
after each field test.  The calibration of the volume meter shall be
checked by performing three calibration runs at a single, intermediate
flow rate (based on the previous field test) with the meter pressure
set at the average value encountered in the field test.  Calculate the
average value of the calibration factor.  If the calibration has
changed by more than 5 percent, recalibrate the meter over the full
range of flow as described above.  Note:  If the volume meter calibration
coefficient values obtained before and after a test series differ by
more than 5 percent, the test series shall either be voided, or
calculations for the test series shall be performed using whichever
meter coefficient value (i.e., before or after) gives the greater value
of pollutant emission rate.
     4.2  Temperature Gauge.  After each test series, check the
temperature gauge at ambient temperature.  Use an ASTM mercury-in-glass
reference thermometer, or equivalent, as a reference.  If the gauge
being checked agrees within 2 percent (absolute temperature) of
the reference,  the temperature data collected in the field shall be
considered valid.  Otherwise, the test data shall be considered

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invalid or adjustments of the test results shall  be made,  subject
to the approval of the Administrator.
     4.3  Barometer.  Calibrate the barometer used against a mercury
barometer prior to the field test.
5.  Calculations
     Carry out the calculations, retaining at least one extra decimal
figure beyond that of the acquired data.  Round off figures after
the final calculation.
     5.1  Nomenclature
     Pb * Barometric pressure, mm Hg.
     P  = Average static pressure in volume meter, mm Hg.
     Q  = Gas flow rate, m /min, standard conditions.
     T"m = Average absolute meter temperature, *K.
     V  = Meter volume reading, m .
     T = Meter calibration coefficient, dimensionless.
      m
     f  = Final reading for run.
     i  = Initial reading for run.
     s  = Standard conditions, 20° C and 760-mm Hg.
     0  = Elapsed run time, min.

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     5.2  Volume.

             Vms = 0.3853 Tm !

     5.3  Gas Flow Rate.
                              V
                         Qs " -~                          Eq.  2A-3
6.  References
     6.1  United States Environmental  Protection Agency.   Standards
of Performance for New Stationary Sources, Revisions to Methods 1-8.
Title 40, part 60.  Washington, D.C.  Federal  Register Vol.  42,
No. 160.  August 18, 1977.
     6.2  Rom, Jerome J.  Maintenance, Calibration, and Operation
of Isokinetic Source Sampling Equipment.  U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency.  Research Triangle Park, N.C.   Publication No. APTD-0576.
March 1972.
     6.3  Wortman, Martin, R. Vollaro, and P7R. Westlin.  Dry Gas
Volume Meter Calibrations.  Source Evaluation Society Newsletter.
Vol. 2, No. 2.  May 1977.
     6.4  Westlin, P.R. and R.T. Shigehara.  Procedure for Calibrating
and Using Dry Gas Volume Meters as Calibration Standards.  Source
Evaluation Society Newsletter.  Vol. 3, No. 1.  February 1978.

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                METHOD 21.  DETERMINATION OF VOLATILE
                      ORGANIC COMPOUND LEAKS

1.  Applicability and Principle
     1.1  Applicability.  This method applies to the determination  of
volatile organic compound (VOC) leaks from organic process  equipment.
These sources include, but are not limited to, valves,  flanges  and  other
connections, pumps and compressors, pressure relief devices,  process
drains, open-ended valves, pump and compressor seal  system  degassing
vents, accumulator vessel vents, and access door seals.
     1.2  Principle.  A portable instrument is used to  detect VOC leaks
from individual sources.  The instrument detector is not specified, but
it must meet the specifications and performance criteria contained  in
paragraph 2.1.
2.  Apparatus
     2.1  Monitoring Instrument.  The monitoring instrument shall be  as
follows:
     2.1.1  Specifications.
     a.  The VOC instrument detector shall respond to the organic compounds
being processed.  Detectors which may meet this requirement include,  but
are not limited to, catalytic oxidation, flame ionization,  infrared
absorption, and photoionization.
     b.  The instrument shall be intrinsically safe for operation in
explosive atmospheres as defined by the applicable, U.S.A. Standards
(e.g., National Electical Code by the National Fire Prevention  Association)
     c.  The instrument shall be able to measure the leak definition
concentration specified in the regulation.

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     d.  The instrument shall be equipped with a pump so that a  continuous
sample is provided to the detector.  The nominal sample flow rate  shall
be 1-3 liters per minute.
     e.  The scale of the instrument meter shall be readable to  +5
percent of the specified leak definition concentration.
     2.1.2  Performance Criteria.  The instrument must meet the  following
performance criteria.  The definitions and evaluation procedures for
each parameter are given in Section 4.
     2.1.2.1  The instrument response time must be 30 seconds or less.
The response time must be determined for the instrument system configuration
to be used during testing, including dilution equipment.  The use  of  a
system with a shorter response time than that specified will  reduce the
time required for field component surveys.
     2.1.2.2  Calibration Precision:  The calibration precision  must  be
less than or equal to 10 percent of the calibration gas value.
     2.1.2.3  Quality Assurance.  The instrument shall be subjected to
the response time and calibration precision tests prior to being placed
in service.  The calibration precision test shall be repeated every 6
months thereafter.  If any modification or replacement of the instrument
detector is required, the instrument shall be retested and a new 6-month
quality assurance test schedule will apply.  The response time test
shall be repeated if any modifications to the sample pumping system or
flow configuration is made that would change the response time.
     2.3  Calibration Gases.  The monitoring instrument is calibrated in
terms of parts per million by volume (ppmv) of the compound specified in
the applicable regulation.  The calibration gases required for monitoring

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and instrument performance evaluation are a zero gas (air,  <3 ppmv VOC)
and a calibration gas in air mixture approximately equal  to the leak
definition specified in the regulation.   If cylinder calibration gas
mixtures are used, they must be analyzed and certified by the manufacturer
to be within +2 percent accuracy.  Calibration gases may be prepared by
the user according to any accepted gaseous standards preparation procedure
that will yield a mixture accurate to within +2 percent.   Alternative
calibration gas species may be used in place of the calibration compound
if a relative response factor for each instrument is determined so that
calibrations with the alternative species may be expressed as calibration
compound equivalents on the meter readout.
3.  Procedures
     3.1  Calibration.  Assemble and start up the VOC analyzer and
recorder according to the manufacturer's instructions.  After the
appropriate warmup period and zero or internal calibration procedure,
introduce the calibration gas into the instrument sample probe.  Adjust
the instrument meter readout to correspond to the calibration gas value.
If a dilution apparatus is used, calibration must include the instrument
and dilution apparatus assembly.  The nominal dilution factor may be
used to establish a scale factor for converting to an undiluted basis.
For example, if a nominal 10:1 dilution apparatus is used, the meter
reading for a 10000 ppm calibration compound would be set at 1000.
During field surveys, the scale factor of 10 would be used to convert
measurements to an undiluted basis.
     3.2  Individual Source Surveys.

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     3.2.1  Case I - Leak Definition Based on Concentration  Value.
Place the probe inlet at the surface of the component interface where
leakage could occur.  Move the probe along the interface periphery  while
observing the instrument readout.   If an increased meter reading is
observed, slowly probe the interface where leakage is indicated until
the maximum meter reading is obtained.  Leave the probe inlet at this
maximum reading location for approximately two times  the instrument
response time.  If the maximum observed meter reading is greater than
the leak definition in the applicable regulation, record and report the
results as specified in the regulation reporting requirements.   Examples
of the application of this general technique to specific equipment  types
are:
     a.  Valves—The most common source of leaks from valves is at  the
seal between the stem and housing.  Place the probe at the interface
where the stem exits the packing gland and sample the stem circumference.
Also, place the probe at the interface of the packing gland  take-up
flange seat and sample the periphery.  In addition, survey valve housings
of multipart assembly at the surface of all interfaces where leaks  can
occur.
     b.  Flanges and Other Connections—For welded flanges,  place the
probe at the outer edge of the flange-gasket interface and sample around
the circumference of the flange.  Sample other types  of nonpermanent
joints (such as threaded connections) with a similar traverse.
     c.  Pumps and Compressors—Conduct a circumferential  traverse  at
the outer surface of the pump or compressor shaft and seal interface.
If the source is a rotating shaft, position the probe inlet within  one
centimeter of the shaftseal interface for the survey.  If the housing
configuration prevents a complete traverse of the shaft periphery,

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sample all  accessible portions.   Sample  all  other  joints on the  pump or
compressor housing where leakage can occur.
     d.  Pressure Relief Devices—The configuration  of most pressure
relief devices prevents sampling at the  sealing  seat interface.   For
those devices equipped with an enclosed  extension, or horn, place the
probe inlet at approximately the center  of the exhaust area to the
atmosphere for sampling.
     e.  Process Drains—For open drains,  place  the  probe  inlet  at
approximately the center of the area open  to the atmosphere for  sampling.
For covered drains, place the probe at the surface of the  cover  interface
and conduct a peripheral traverse.
     f.  Open-Ended Lines or Valves—Place the probe inlet at approximately
the center of the opening to the atmosphere for  sampling.
     g.  Seal System Degassing Vents and Accumulator Vents—Place the
probe inlet at approximately-the center  of the opening to  the atmosphere
for sampling.
     h.  Access Door Seals—Place the probe inlet  at the surface of the
door seal interface and conduct a peripheral traverse.
     3.2.2  Case II-Leak Definition Based  on "No Detectable Emission."
     a.  Determine the local ambient concentration around  the source by
moving the probe inlet randomly upwind and downwind  at distance  of one
to two meters from the source.  If an interference exists  with this
determination due to a nearby emission or  leak,  the  local  ambient con-
centration may be determined at distances  closer to  the source,  but in
no case shall the distance be less than  25 centimeters.  Note the ambient
concentration and then move the probe inlet to the surface of

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the source and conduct a survey as described in 3.2.1.   If a  concentration
increase greater than 2 percent of the concentration-based leak  definition
is obtained, record and report the results as specified by the regulation.
     b.  For those cases where the regulation requires  a specific  device
installation, or that specified vents be ducted or piped to a control
device, the existence of these conditions shall  be visually confirmed.
When the.regulation also requires that no detectable emissions exist,
visual observations and sampling surveys are required.   Examples of this
technique are:
     i.  Pump or Compressor Seals—If applicable, determine the  type of
shaft seal.  Perform a survey of the local area ambient VOC concentration
and determine if detectable emissions exist as described in 3.2.2.a.
     ii.  Seal system degassing vents, accumulator vessel  vents, pressure
relief devices—If applicable, observe whether or not the applicable
ducting or piping exists.  Also, determine if any sources exist  in the
ducting or piping where emissions could occur prior to  the control
device.  If the required ducting or piping exists and there are  no sources
of where the emissions could be vented to the atmosphere prior to  the
control device, then it is presumed that no detectable  emissions are
present.
4.  Instrument Performance Evaluation Procedures
     4.1  Definitions.
     4.1.1  Calibration Precision.  The difference between the average
VOC concentration indicated by the meter readout for consecutive calibration
repetitions and the known concentration of a test gas mixture.
     4.1.2  Response Time.  The time interval from a step change in VOC
concentration at the input of the sampling system to the time at which

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90 percent of the corresponding final  value is reached as displayed on
the instrument readout meter.
     4.2  Evaluation Procedures.   At the beginning of the instrument
performance evaluation test, assemble and start up the instrument according
to the manufacturer's instructions for recommended warmup period and
preliminary adjustments.  If a dilution apparatus is used during field
surveys, the evaluation procedure must be performed on the instrument-
dilution system combination.
     4.2.1  Calibration Precision Test.  Make a total of nine measurements
                                  \
by alternately using zero gas and the specified calibration gas.  Record
the meter readings (example data sheet shown in Figure 21-1).
     4.2.2  Response Time Test Procedure.  Introduce zero gas into the
instrument sample probe.  When the meter reading has stabilized, switch
quickly to the specified calibration gas.  Measure the time from concen-
tration switching to 90 percent of final stable reading.  Perform this
test sequence three times and record the results (example data sheet
given in Figure 21-2).
     4.3  Calculations.  All results are expressed as mean values,
calculated by:
                n
                     *<
Where:
     x. = Value of the measurements.
     z  - Sum of the individual values.
     x  = Mean value.
     n  = Number of data points.

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Instrument ID
                          Calibration Gas Data
                       Calibration =	ppmv
 Run                                        Instrument Meter     Difference'  '
 No.                                          Reading, ppm          ppm
 1.
 2.
 3.
 4.
 5.
 6.
 7.
 8.
 9.
 Mean Difference
 Calibration Precision =

 (1) Calibration Gas Concentration - Instrument Reading
           Figure 21-1.  Calibration Precision Determination

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Instrument ID
Calibration Gas Concentration
 90% Response Time:





     1.  	  Seconds





     2.  	  Seconds





     3.  	  Seconds





 Mean Response Time	Seconds
                 Figure 21-2.  Response Time Determination

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         METHOD 25A - DETERMINATION OF TOTAL GASEOUS  ORGANIC    ^  r\Y\
           CONCENTRATION.USING A FLAME IONIZATION ANALYZER -A>\ ^
1.  Applicability and Principle
     1.1  Applicability.  This method applies to the  measurement of
total gaseous organic concentration of vapors consisting  of
nonmethane alkanes, alkenes, and/or arenes (aromatic  hydrocarbons).
The concentration is expressed in terms of propane (or other  appropriate
organic compound) or in terms of organic carbon.
     1.2  Principle.  A gas sample is extracted from  the  source,
through a heated sample line, if necessary, and glass fiber filter
to a flame ionization analyzer (FIA).  Results are reported as
concentration equivalents of the calibration gas organic  constituent,
carbon, or other organic compound.
2.  Definitions
     2.1  Measurement System.  -The total equipment required for the
determination of the gas concentration.  The system consists  of the
following major subsystems:
     2.1.1  Sample Interface.  That portion af the system that is
used for one or more of the following:  sample acquisition, sample
transportation, sample conditioning, or protection of the analyzer
from the effects of the stack effluent.

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     2.1.2  Organic Analyzer.   That portion of the system that
senses organic concentration and generates  an output proportional
to the gas concentration.
     2.2  Span Value*   The upper limit of a gas concentration
measurement range that is  specified for affected source categories
in the applicable part of the regulations.   For convenience, the
span value should correspond to 100 percent of the recorder scale.
     2.3  Calibration  Gas.  A known concentration of a  gas in an
appropriate diluent gas.
     2.4  Zero Drift.   The difference in the measurement system
output readings before and after a stated period of operation during
which no unscheduled maintenance, repair, or adjustment took place
and the input concentration at the time of the measurements were zero.
     2.5  Calibration Drift.  The difference in the measurement
system output readings before and after a stated period of operation
during which no unscheduled maintenance, repair, or adjustment  took
place and the input concentration at the time of the measurements was
a mid-level value.
3.  Apparatus
     A schematic of an acceptable measurement system is shown  in
Figure 25A-1.  The essential components of the measurement system
are described below:
     3.1  Organic Concentration Analyzer.  A flame ionization
analyzer  (FIA) capable of meeting or exceeding the specifications
in thv method.

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     3.2  Sample Probe.  Stainless steel, or equivalent,  three-hole
rake type.  Sample holes shall  be 4 mm in diameter or smaller and
located at 16.7, 50, and 83.3 percent of the equivalent stack diameter.
     3.3  Sample Line.  Stainless steel  or Teflon* tubing to
transport the sample gas to the analyzers.  The sample line should be
heated, if necessary, to prevent condensation in the line.
     3.4  Calibration Valve Assembly.  A three-way valve  assembly to
direct the zero and calibration gases to the analyzers is recommended.
Other methods, such as quick-connect lines, to route calibration
gas to the analyzers are applicable.
     3.5  Particulate Filter.  An in-stack or an out-of-stack glass
fiber filter is recommended if exhaust gas particulate loading is
significant.  An out-of-stack filter should be heated to  prevent any
condensation.
     3.6  Recorder.  A strip-chart recorder, analog computer, or
digital recorder for recording measurement data.  The minimum data
recording requirement is one measurement value per minute.   Note:
This method is often applied in highly explosive areas.  Caution and
care should be exercised in choice of equipment and installation.
4.  Calibration and Other Gases
     Gases used for calibrations, fuel, and combustion air (if required)
are contained in compressed gas cylinders of stainless steel or
aluminum.  Preparation of calibration gases shall be done according
  Mention of trade names on specific products does not constitute
endorsement by the Environmental Protection Agency.

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to the procedure in Protocol  No. 1, listed in Reference 9.2.   The
pressure in the gas cylinders is limited by the critical pressure
of the subject organic component.  As a safety factor, the maximum
pressure in the cylinder should be no more than half the critical
pressure.  Additionally, the manufacturer of the cylinder should
provide a recommended shelf life for each calibration gas cylinder
over which the concentration does not change more than +_ 2 percent
from the certified value.
     Calibration gas usually consists of propane in air or nitrogen
and is determined in terms of the span value.  The span value is
established in the applicable regulation and is usually 1.5 to 2.5
times the applicable emission limit.  If no span value is provided,
use a span value equivalent to 1.5 to 2.5 times the highest expected
concentration.  Organic compounds other than propane can be used
following the above guidelines and making the appropriate corrections
for carbon number.
     4.1  Fuel.  A 40 percent IW60 percent He or 40 percent
H«/60 percent N« gas mixture is recommended to avoid an oxygen
synergism effect that reportedly occurs when oxygen concentration
varies significantly from a mean value.
     4.2  Zero Gas.  High purity air with less than 0.1 parts per
million by volume of organic material (propane or carbon equivalent).
     4.3  Low-level Calibration Gas.  An organic calibration gas with
a concentration equivalent to 25 to 35 percent of the applicable
span value.

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      4.4  Mid-level Calibration Gas.  An organic calibration gas
with a concentration equivalent to 45 to 55 percent of the applicable
span value.
     4.5  High-level Calibration Gas.  An organic calibration gas
with a concentration equivalent to 80 to 90 percent of the applicable
span value.
5.  Measurement System Performance Specifications
     5.1  Zero Drift.  Less than +_ 1 percent of the span value.
     5.2  Calibration Drift.  Less than +_ 1 percent of the span value.
6.  Pretest Preparations
     6.1  Selection of Sampling Site.  The location of the sampling
site is generally specified by the applicable regulation or purpose
of the test; i.e., exhaust stack, inlet line, etc.  The sample port
shall not be located within 1.5 meters or 2 equivalent diameters
(whichever is less) of the gas discharge to the atmosphere.
     6.2  Location of Sample Probe.  Install the sample probe so that
the probe is centrally located in the stack, pipe, or duct and is
sealed tightly at the stack port connection.^
     6.3  Measurement System Preparation.  Prior to the emission test,
assemble the measurement system following the manufacturer's written
instructions in preparing the sample interface and the organic analyzer.
Make the system operable.
     FIA equipment can be calibrated for almost any range of total
organics concentrations.  For high concentrations of organics
(>1.0 percent by volume as propane) modifications to most commonly

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available analyzers are necessary.  One accepted method of equipment
modification is to decrease the size of the sample to the analyzer
through the use of a smaller diameter sample capillary.  Direct and
continuous measurement of organic concentration is a necessary
consideration when determining any modification design.
     6.4  Calibration.  Immediately prior to the test series, introduce
zero gas and high-level calibration gas at the calibration valve
assembly.  Adjust the analyzer output to the appropriate levels, if
necessary.  Then introduce low-level and mid-level calibration gases
successively to the measurement system.  Record the analyzer responses
for all four gases and develop a permanent record of the calibration
curve.  This curve shall be used in performing the post-test drift
checks and in reducing all measurement data during the test series.
No adjustments to the measurement system shall be conducted after the
calibration and before the drift check (Section 7.3).  If adjustments
are necessary before the completion of the test series, perform the
drift checks prior to the required adjustments and repeat the
calibration following the adjustments.  If multiple electronic ranges
are to be used, each additional range must be checked with a mid-level
calibration gas to verify the multiplication factor.
7.  Emission Measurement Test Procedure
     7.1  Organic Measurement.  Begin sampling at the start of the
test period, recording time notations and any required process
information as appropriate.  In particular, note on the recording
chart  periods of process interruption or cyclic operation.

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     7.2  Drift Determination.  Immediately following the completion
of the test period, or if adjustments are necessary for the
measurement system during the test, reintroduce the zero and
mid-level calibration gases, one at a time, to the measurement system
at the calibration valve assembly.  (Make no adjustments to the
measurement system until after the drift checks are made.)  Record
the analyzer response.  If the drift values exceed the specified
limits, invalidate the test run preceding the check and repeat the
test run following corrections to the measurement system.  Alternatively,
recalibrate the test measurement system as in Section 6.4 and report
the results using the calibration data that yield the highest
corrected emission concentration.
8.  Organic Concentration Calculations
     Determine the average organic concentration in terms of ppmv
as propane or other calibration gas.  The average shall be determined
by the integration of the output recording over the period specified
in the applicable regulation.
     If results are required in terms of ppmv as carbon, adjust
measured concentrations using Equation 25A-1.

                             Cc • K C meas               Eq. 25A-1  •

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Where:
     C     - Organic concentration as carbon, ppmv.
     C*a=e ~ Organic concentration as measured, ppmv.
      meas
     K     - Carbon equivalent correction factor,
             K a 2 for ethane.
             K = 3 for propane.
             K = 4 for butane.
9.  References
     9.1  Measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds - Guideline
Series.  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  Research Triangle
Park, N.C.  Publication No. EPA-450/2-78-041.  June 1978.  p. 46-54.
     9.2  Traceability Protocol for Establishing True Concentrations
of Gases Used for Calibration and Audits of Continuous Source Emission
Monitors (Protocol No. 1).  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory.  Research Triangle
Park, N.C.  June 1978.  10 pgs.
     9.3  Gasoline Vapor Emission Laboratory Evaluation - Part 2.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning
and Standards.  Research Triangle Park, N.C.  Report No. 75-GAS-6.
August  1975.  32 pgs.

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  PROBE
                                       HEATED
                                       SAMPLE
                                       LINE
              CALIBRATION
                VALVE
PARTICULATE
   FILTER
                                                SAMPLE
                                                 PUMP
                                        ORGANIC
                                       ANALYZER
                                          AND
                                       RECORDER
•STACK
             Figure 25A-1. Organic Concentration Measurement System.

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          METHOD 25B - DETERMINATION OF TOTAL GASEOUS ORGANIC
         CONCENTRATION USING A NONDISPERSIVE IMFRARED ANALYZER

1.   Applicability and Principle

     1.1  Applicability.  This method applies to the measurement  of

total gaseous organic concentration of vapors consisting primarily of

nonmethane alkanes.  (Other organic materials may be measured using

the general procedure in this method, the appropriate calibration

gas, and an analyzer set to the appropriate absorption band.)   The

concentration is expressed in terms of propane (or other calibration
                                       •>
gas) or in terms of organic carbon.    r

     1.2  Principl .  A gas sample is extracted from the source,

through a heated sample line and glass fiber filter to a nondispersive

infrared analyzer (NDIR).  Results are reported as equivalents  of the

calibration gas or as carbon equivalents.

2.   Definitions

     The terms and definitions are the same as for Method 25A.

3... Apparatus - The apparatus are the same as for Method 25A with the

exception of the following:

     3.1  Organic Concentration Analyzer.  A nondispersive infrared

analyzer designed to measure alkane organics and capable of meeting

or exceeding the specifications in this method.

4.   Calibration Gases

     The calibration gases are the same as are required for Method 25A,

Section 4.  No fuel gas is required for an NDIR.

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5.  Measurement System Performance Specifications
     5.1  Zero Drift.  Less than £2 percent of the span value.
     5.2  Calibration Drift.  Less than £ 2 percent of the span  value.
6.  Pretest Preparations
     6.1  Selection of Sampling Site.  Same as in Method 25A,
Section 6.1.
     6,2  Location of Sample Probe.  Same as in Method 25A,
Section 6.2.
     6.3  Measurement System Preparation.  Prior to the emission test,
assemble the measurement system following the manufacturer's written
instructions in preparing the sample interface and the organic analyzer.
Make the system operable.
     6.4  Calibration.  Same as in Method 25A, Section 6.4.
7.  Emission Measurement Test Procedure
     Proceed with the emission measurement immediately upon
satisfactory completion of the calibration.
     7.1  Organic Measurement.  Same as in Method 25A, Section 7.1.
     7.2  Drift Determination.  Same as in Method 25A, Section 7.2.
8.  Organic Concentration Calculations
     The calculations are the same as in Method 25A, Section 8.
9.  References
     The references  are the same as  in Method 25A, Section 9.

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INSTRUMENTS
Lira" Modei 303
Luft-type  Infrared  Analyzer
Application

The Lira* Infrared Analyzer,
Model 303, is a selective, stable, and
economical instrument specifically
designed to provide accurate and
continuous analysis of a gas or
vapor. The Model 303 is capable of
measuring a single component in a
complex mixture of gases or vapors.
It can detect any gas or vapor that
absorbs infrared energy. (Elemental
diatomic gases such as hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, and the
rare gases are not infrared active.)

The Model 303 Analyzer is unaf-
fected by silicones, thus is an ideal
instrument for the detection of
combustible solvent vapors where
the presence of  silicones prevents
the use of other combustible gas
analyzers. Also, Lira Model 303 is
capable of measuring many hazard-
ous gases in low concentrations
such as carbon  monoxide, halo-
genated hydrocarbons, carbon
dioxide, etc.

Other applications include furnace
atmosphere control,  humidity dew
point measurement, chemical and
petrochemical process stream anal-
ysis, and solvent vapor detection.

Description

The Lira Model 303 Analyzer
operates on the Nondispersive
Infrared (NDIR)  principle. Twin
beams of infrared radiation are
projected through parallel cells;
one beam traverses the sample cell,
the other beam the comparison cell.
The emergent radiation is directed
into a single detector cell that is
responsive at an infrared wavelength
where the component of interest
absorbs infrared and background
component(s) is transparent.

An interrupter, or "chopper,"
located between the radiation source
and the cells, alternately blocks
radiation to the  sample cell and the
comparison cell. When the infrared
beams are equal, an equal amount
of radiation enters the detector cell
from each beam.
              Beam Chopper
           Infrared
           Sources
Filter
Cells
Sealed In
Detector Gas
Sensitive
Membrane
When the gas to be analyzed is
introduced into the sample cell, it
absorbs (and reduces) the radiation
reaching the detector via the sample
beam. Consequently, the beams
become unequal, the radiation
entering the detector flickers as the
beams are alternated, and the detec-
tor gas expands or contracts in
response to the flicker.

This movement of the detector gas
causes the microphone membrane
           to move in response. The membrane
           movement varies the condenser
           microphone's electrical capacity
           which, in turn, electronically results
           in electrical signal proportional to
           the difference between the two
           radiation beams: i.e., concentration
           of the component of interest. The
           signal is then amplified and fed to
           the indicating meter. The signal can
           be used as input to external re-
           corders, alarms, or control loops.

                     Datasheet  07-0518

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Typical specifications

Performance
Principle of operation: Nondisper-
sive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopy
Speed of response: 90% of final
reading in 5 seconds (optional 90%
in 3 seconds)
Noise level: Less than 1 % of full
scale
Zero drift: Less than 1% of full scale
in 24 hours
Span drift: Less than 1 % of full scale
in 24 hours
Calibration curve: Determined and
provided for each instrument
Repeatability: ±1% of full scale
Linearity: Normally +5 to +10%
nonlinear
Temperature effect: Analyzer inter-
nally thermostated at 140-145°
(60-63°C) permitting operation from
40-115°F(4-45°C) ambient
temperatures
Electronics: Completely solid-state,
plug-in circuit boards for amplifier,
power supply,  source voltage regula-
tor and signal output
Controls: Precision multiturn
potentiometers with counting dials
for zero and span

Operating
Power requirements: 60 VA, 120V,
60 Hz (50/Hz designs available)
Warm-up time: 30 minutes. Instru-
ment provided with lamp (heater) to
indicate temperature control cycle
Output:
Millivolt—field adjustable—0-10,
  0-100 mV; any standard potenti-
  ometer recorder can be employed
Voltage (optional)—0-1, 0-5,
  0-10 Vdc, 50 mA  maximum
Current (optional)—0-1,0-5,1-5,
  0-20, 0-50,10-50 mA; 10 Vdc—
  output commons can be floating
  or grounded
Line voltage variation: Analyzer
provided with a constant voltage
power supply to compensate for line
voltage variations from 95 V to 130 V
Vibration effect: Unaffected by
normal plant vibration
Remote mounting:  Recorder can be
mounted as much as 2500 ft from
analyzer and remote zero and span
controls can be field installed
Note: This Data Sheet contains only a
general description of the Lira Model 303
Infrared Analyzer. While uses and per-
formance capabilities are described,
under no circumstances should this
product be used except by qualified,
trained personnel and not until the
instructions, labels, and other literature
accompanying the product have been
carefully read and understood and the
precautions therein set forth followed.
Only they contain the complete and
detailed information concerning this
product.
_ — Sample
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Sample Inlet
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>.7) Dimensions in inches;
millimeters shown in ( ).
Calibration: Calibration accom-
plished by using known gas samples
for zero and span of instrument
Span check: Precision resistor in
source circuit simulates gas pres-
ence in Lira cell, actuated by push-
button on front panel
Options:
Dual Range: Instrument can be
  provided with dual range unit for
  secondary ranges up to a 20x
  factor
Linearization:'A linearization circuit
  can be provided to correct cali-
  bration curve to within ±1 %  of a
  straight line response

Physical
Construction: Analyzer complete
with integral meter in general pur-
pose case. Recorder optional;
portable
Dimensions: 19%6"L x 91/4"D x 6%"H
(491 x 235x172 mm)
Cut out dimensions: Front panel:
81/4 x 10Vz x 1 % (210 x 267 x 48 mm)
Cut out: 6% x 91/2  (175 x 242 mm)
Weight: 37 Ib (17 kg)    •
Tubing: Polyurethane and/or nylon,
does not absorb water or
hydrocarbons
Inlet-Outlet: Va" NPT
Sample cells: Aluminum block with
internally gold-plated stainless steel
insert; maximum length up to 8" in
aluminum housing; cells also avail-
able in stainless steel and other
materials
Windows: Window materials are
sapphire, quartz, calcium fluoride,
barium fluoride, etc., depending on
application.

Ordering information
For formal quotation please contact
MSA, describing compound to be
analyzed and approximate stream
analysis.
                                                             rttttiT MIIU
                     Mine Safety Appliances Company
                     Instrument Division
                     600 Penn Center Boulevard
                     Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15235
Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit, Houston, Los Angeles,
Milwaukee, New York City, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, San Francisco, St. Louis,
MSA CANADA. Downsview, Ontario (Metro Toronto)
                         urnm
                                      Data Sheet 07-0518
                                                                                 Printed in U.S.A. 789 (L)

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