ORNL/EIS-142
Levels of Chemical Contaminants in
Nonoccupationally Exposed U.S. Residents
James W. Holleman
Anna S. Mammons
-------
r~
Printed in the United States of America. Available from
National Technical Information Service
U.S. Department of Commerce
5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161
Price: Printed Copy $12.00; Microfiche $3.00
This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United
States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor
any of their employees, contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any
warranty, express or implied, nor assumes any legal liability or responsibility for any
third party's use or the results of such use of any information, apparatus, product or
process disclosed in this report, nor represents that its use by such third party would
not infringe privately owned rights.
-------
ORNL/EIS-142
Contract No. W-7405-eng-26
Information Division
LEVELS OF CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN
NONOCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED U.S. RESIDENTS
James W. Holleman and Anna S. Hammons
Information Center Complex
Work sponsored by Health Effects Research Laboratory,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina 27711, Donald G. Gillette, Project Officer,
under agreement EPA 78-D-X0205.
Date Published - August 1978
NOTICE This document contains information of a preliminary nature.
It is subject to revision or correction and therefore does not represent a
final report.
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
operated by
UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION
for the
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
-------
This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency
of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor
any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, contractors, subcontractors,
or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, nor assumes any
legal liability or responsibility for any third party's use or the results
of such use of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed in
this report, nor represents that its use by such third party would not
infringe privately owned rights.
This report has been reviewed by the Health Effects Research Laboratory,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval
does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies
of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of trade names
or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
-------
CONTENTS
Sources of Data v
Key to Analytical Terminology vi
Abstract vii
Introduction 1
Aldrin 3
Aluminum 4
Antimony 11
Arsenic 12
Asbestos 14
Barium 16
Beryllium 19
ct-BHC 21
B-BHC 22
Y-BHC (Lindane) 25
A-BHC 27
Bismuth 28
Boron 29
Bromine 32
Cadmium 33
Cerium 45
Cesium 46
Chromium 47
Cobalt 55
Copper 63
p,p'-DDA 76
DDD 77
o,p'-DDE 80
p,p'-DDE 81
o,p'-DDT 89
p,p'-DDT 91
DDT 94
DDT — total equivalent 99
Dieldrin 101
Diethylhexyl phthalate 106
Dysprosium 107
Erbium 108
Europium 109
Fluorine 110
Gadolinium 116
Gallium 117
Germanium 118
Gold 119
Hafnium 123
Heptachlor 124
Heptachlorepoxide 125
Hexachlorophene 129
Holmium 130
iii
-------
Indium 131
Iodine 132
Iridium 133
Kepone 134
Lanthanum 135
Lead 136
Lithium 159
Lutetium 160
Magnesium 161
Manganese 170
Mercury 180
Mirex 189
Molybdenum 190
Neodymium 197
Nickel 198
Niobium 206
trans-Nonachlor 208
Osmium 209
Oxychlordane 210
Palladium 211
PBB's 212
PCB's and PCT's 213
PCP 214
Platinum 215
Praseodymium 216
Rhenium 217
Rhodium 218
Rubidium 219
Ruthenium 220
Samarium 221
Scandium 222
Selenium 223
Silicon 226
Silver 227
Strontium 233
Tantalum 240
Tellurium 241
Terbium 243
Thallium 244
Thorium 245
Thulium 246
Tin 247
Titanium 257
Tungsten . . . 263
Uranium 264
Vanadium 265
Volatile Organic Compounds 271
Ytterbium 273
Yttrium 274
Zinc 275
Zirconium 292
References 294
iv
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SOURCES OF DATA
Journals Manually Searched
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
Archives of Environmental Health
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
Drug Metabolism 'and Disposition
Environmental Health Perspectives
Environmental Research
Food and Cosmetics Toxicology
International Journal of Environmental Studies
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health
Journal of Occupational Medicine
Pesticides Monitoring Journal
Toxicology
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
Toxicology and Environmental Chemistry Reviews
Abstract Journals
Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews
Excerpta Medica
Public Health
Pharmacology and Toxicology
Index Medians
Chemical Abstracts
Biological Abstracts
Computerized Data Files
TOXLINE
MEDLINE
DIALOG ®
Food Science and Technology
Agricola
Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux
Pollution Abstracts
Chemical Abstracts
Environline
ORNL Data Base
Biological Abstracts/Bioresearch Index
Other
National Academy of Science Monographs
Trace Substances in Environmental Health, Volumes I-IX, Proceedings of
Annual Conferences held at the University of Missouri
Document collections of the Information Center Complex, Information
Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Reference document bibliographies
v
-------
Key to Analytical Terminology
MS
ASV
CC
Chem.
Colorimetry
Electrophoresis
ES
Flame photometry
Fluorometry
GC
GC-EC
GC/MS
Histochem.
IR
ISE
Microscopy
MS
NAA
NMR
Radiometry
TLC
X-ray spectrometry
Atomic absorption spectrometry
Anodic stripping voltammetry
Column chromatography
Chemical
Colorimetry; spectrophotometry
Electrophoresis
Emission spectrometry
Flame photometry
Fluorometry
Gas chromatography
Gas chromatography; electron-capture detection
Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry
Histochemistry
Infra-red analysis
Ion-specific electrode
Microscopy
Mass spectrometry
Neutron activation analysis
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Measurement of radioactivity
Thin-layer chromatography
Measurement of emitted X-rays
vi
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors are especially grateful for the technical assistance
provided by the staff of the Health and Environmental Studies Program,
the Environmental Mutagen Information Center, the Toxicology Information
Response Center, and the Ecological Sciences Information Center of the
Information Center Complex, Information Division, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory. Appreciation is also expressed to Ann M. Aaron for coordinat-
ing and preparing the manuscript for publication. Assistance provided by
the Technical Reports Office and the Administrative Office is also grate-
fully acknowledged.
VII
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INTRODUCTION
Preparation of this preliminary report was directed by the Health
and Environmental Studies Program, Information Center Complex, Information
Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, for the Health Effects Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, as partial fulfillment
of Interagency Agreement DOE No. 40-673-78, EPA No. 78-D-X0205 between the
Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The
scope of this report is designed to meet the obligation of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency as specified in Section 403c(l) of the
Clean Air Act as amended August 7, 1977. This section provides for the
following:
(c)(1) Not later than twelve months after the date of
enactment of this Act the Administrator of the Environmental
Protection Agency shall publish throughout the United States
a list of all known chemical contaminants resulting from
environmental pollution which have been found in human tissue
including blood, urine, breast milk, and all other human tissue.
Such list shall be prepared for the United States and shall
indicate the approximate number of cases, the range of levels
found, and the mean levels found.
Work under this agreement will continue until a comprehensive final
report is prepared which will meet the additional requirements of the
following Section 403c(2):
(2) Not later than eighteen months after the date of
enactment of this Act the Administrator shall publish in the
same manner an explanation of what is known about the manner
in which the chemicals described in paragraph (1) entered the
environment and thereafter human tissue.
Representative data on the human tissue levels of all chemicals considered
pertinent to the intended scope of this initial report are included in the
subsequent tables. Demographic data or any other information considered
important for understanding the significance of the reported chemical levels
are also included. Chemical coverage reflects tissue levels reported over
the last 30 years, although imposed time constraints did not allow docu-
mentation of every report. A list of the information resources surveyed is
provided at the end of this section. The bibliography contains sources
used for this report as well as several sources which were reviewed for
inclusion in the final report.
Most available data results from specific surveys to determine the
tissue levels of chemicals perceived to be potential public health hazards
or involved in incidents of gross accidental poisonings. Basic interests
-------
in the roles of trace elements and recognition of the need to determine
baseline levels of chemicals introduced into the environment are addi-
tional factors which have motivated surveys by individual investigators.
Thus, most data on chemicals in human tissues record levels of pesti-
cides (e.g., DDT and metabolites), levels of trace metals such as lead,
cadmium, and mercury, or levels of nutritionally essential elements
such as zinc, copper, manganese, and fluoride.
The considerable amount of data available on some essential elements,
such as iron and calcium, are not presented in this initial report because
their presence in the environment is generally not considered hazardous.
Data on several uncommon chemicals, such as indium and ytterbium, are
included basically as items of interest and to further document their
presence in healthy individuals. Baseline data were presented where
available to provide perspective as to chemical levels which might be
expected under conditions where exposure could be considered normal or
not directly related to a pollutant source.
Nearly 600 cited surveys or investigations, most of which were
reported within the past decade, are listed in the following table.
Ninety-four different chemical contaminants, primarily trace metals and
organochlorine pesticides, were reported. It is estimated that over 75
percent of the data published during the past 30 years on chemical con-
taminants derived from environmental pollution and found in human
tissue in the United States are represented in this report. The post
World War II period covered in this survey represents that period when
the proliferation of new chemical substances emitted into the environ-
ment was increasing at an accelerated pace.
-------
ALDRIN
Tissue
Adipose
Blood
Placenta
Range
Not Given
0.2-0.7 ppb
3.0-7.2 ppb
Mean Level
0.26 mg/kg
0.41 ppb
A. 77 ppb
No. of
Cases
Not Given
53 pairs
53 pairs
Analytical
Method
Not Given
GC
GC
Comments
None
Maternal blood. Louisiana
housewives.
Childbirth. Louisiana housewives.
Reference
Hunter et al. ,
1967
Selby et al. ,
1969
Selby et al. ,
1969
TX-4907
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ALUMINUM
Tissue
Adrenal
Aorta
Bladder
Blood
Body, total
content
Bone
Brain
Range
62-450 yg/g ash
0.94-51.0 micromole/g ash
0.76-5.2 micromole/g ash
11-140 yg/g ash
Not given
18-150 yg/g ash
Not given
0.040 - 0.045 ± 0.03 mg/
100 ml
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
180 yg/g ash (median)
Not given
Not given
29 yg/g ash (median)
6.0 ppm wet wt .
47 yg/g ash (median)
0.0207 ± 0.0008 mg/100 ml
0.043 mg/100 ml
0.013 mg/lOOg wet wt.
61 mg
0.5 mg/lOOg wet wt.
0.24 mg/lOOg wet wt.
0.004 mg/lOOg wet wt.
No. of
Cases
13
100
150
104
2
110
48
266
Not
given
168
Not
given
Not
given
Not
given
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Not given
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Adults who died unexpectedly,
St. Louis
Organs from sudden accident
victims (normal)
Normal individuals, Los Angeles
area
Patients, blood donors, and
normal individuals, Los Angeles
area- Serum
Race and country information,
diet
Autopsy samples from 58 cities
and 29 nonurban areas
Race and country information,
diet. Long bone
Race and country information,
diet. Rib bone
Race and country information,
diet
Reference
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Perry, 1968
Perry et al. ,
1962
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Koch et al. ,
1956
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Butt et al. ,
1964
Butt et al. ,
1964
Kehoe et al.,
1940
Schroeder, 1970
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Kehoe et al . ,
1940
Kehoe et al . ,
1940
TX-4907
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ALUMINUM (continued)
Tissue
Brain
Diaphragm
Esophagus
Hair
Heart
Range
Not given
0.38-10.0 micromole/g ash
0.22-1.4 micromole/g ash
6-38 yg/g ash
13-94 yg/g ash
Not given
25-180 yg/g ash
2.0-9.0 ppm
5.5 x 10~12- 2.1 x 10"9%
dry wt.
3.7 and 4.6 yg/g dry wt.
Not given
0.87-20.0 micromole/g ash
0.37-2. micromole/g ash
10-70 yg/g ash
Mean Level
8.0 ppm wet wt.
Not given
Not given
15 yg/g ash (median)
26 yg/g ash (median)
20.0 ppm wet wt.
61 yg/g ash (median)
4.4 ppm
Not given
Not given
0.056 mg/lOOg wet wt.
Not given
Not given
20 yg/g ash (median)
No. of
Cases
3
100
150
127
91
1
66
99
18
2
Not
given
100
150
140
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
NAA
ES
AAS; MS
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Organs from sudden accident
victims (normal)
Adults who died unexpectedly,
St. Louis
Organs from sudden accident
victims (normal)
Children and adults
White males, 15-70 yrs. old
Race and country information,
diet
Adults who died unexpectedly,
St. Louis
Reference
Koch et al. ,
1956
Perry, 1968
Perry et al. ,
1962
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Koch et al. ,
1956
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Bates and Dyer,
1965
Goldbaum et al,
1953
Yurachek, 1969
Kehoe et al . ,
1940
Perry, 1968
Perry et al. ,
1962
Tipton et al. ,
1963
TX-4907
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ALUMINUM (continued)
Tissue
Intestine
Kidney
Range
Not given
0.0-20.0 ppm wet wt.
24-780 yg/g ash
25-200 yg/g ash
18-260 yg/g ash
18-150 yg/g ash
23-340 yg/g ash
18-200 yg/g ash
Not given
1.1-31.0 micromole/g ash
0.51-3.0 micromole/g ash
0-15+ mg/lOOg dry wt.
14-82 yg/g ash
Mean Level
0.087 mg/lOOg wet wt.
8.0 ppm wet wt .
130 yg/g ash (median)
86 yg/g ash (median)
43 yg/g ash (median)
37 yg/g ash (median)
107 yg/g ash (median)
42 yg/g ash (median)
0.042 mg/lOOg wet wt.
Not given
Not given
Not given
25 yg/g ash (median)
No. of
Cases
Not
given
6
31
82
Not
given
101
107
42
Not
given
100
150
Not
given
141
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
Not given
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Race and country information,
diet
Sudden accident victims
Cecum
Ileum
Duodenum
Jejunum
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Race and country information,
diet
Adults who died unexpectedly,
St. Louis
Reference
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Koch et al. ,
1956
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Perry, 1968
Perry et al. ,
1962
Tietz et al. ,
1957
Tipton et al. ,
1963
TX-4907
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ALUMINUM (continued)
Tissue
Larynx
Liver
Lung
Range
6-51 ug/g ash
Not given
0.0-12.0 ppm wet wt.
1.3-18.0 micromole/g ash
0.62-4.4 micromole/g ash
Not given
0-15+ mg/lOOg dry tissue
17-120 ug/g ash
Not given
Not given
6.0-180 ppm wet wt.
49-330 micromole/g ash
Mean Level
14 ug/g ash (median)
0.16 mg/lOOg wet wt.
6.0 ppm wet wt.
Not given
Not given
80.0 ± 85.4 u8/g ash
Not given
47 ug/g ash (median)
0.69 ± 0.05 - 0.85 ±
0 . 3 ppm
5.94 mg/lOOg wet wt.
50.0 ppm wet wt.
Not given
No. of
Cases
50
Not
given
3
100
150
10
Not
given
140
12
Not
given
3
100
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES; chem.
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Race and country information,
diet
Organs from sudden accident
victims (normal)
Adults who died unexpectedly,
St. Louis
5 White and 5 black accident
victims, long-term St. Louis
residents
Autopsies; low value for cirrho-
tic patients (alcoholics) and
high value for noncirrhotic
Race and country information,
diet
Organs from sudden accident
victims (normal)
Reference
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Kehoe et al . ,
1940
Koch et al. ,
1956
Perry, 1968
Perry et al. ,
1962
Perry et al. ,
1973
Tietz et al. ,
1957
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Vallee et al.,
1957
Kehoe et al . ,
1940
Koch et al. ,
1956
Perry, 1968
TX-4907
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ALUMINUM (continued)
Tissue
Lung
(continued)
Muscle
Nails
Ovary
Omentum
Pancreas
Range
29-190 micromole/g ash
Not given
0-20+ mg/lOOg dry wt.
170->4,000 yg/g ash
780->4,000 yg/g ash
Not given
0.0-12.0 ppm wet wt.
6-77 yg/g ash
4.5 x 10"U - 5.3 x 10~8%
dry wt.
12-150 yg/g ash
68-1100 ug/g ash
12-160 yg/g ash
Mean Level
Not given
Min. - 1700 ng
Max. - 80,000 ug
Retained per yr.- 667 yg
Not given
2500 yg/g ash
2000 yg/g ash (median)
0.15 mg/lOOg wet wt.
6.0 ppm wet wt.
16 yg/g ash (median)
Not given
36 yg/g ash (median)
180 yg/g ash (median)
27 yg/g ash (median)
No. of
Cases
150
168
Not
given
141
141
Not
given
7
136
18
16
75
138
Analytical
Method
ES
Not given
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Adults who died unexpectedly,
St. Louis
Autopsy samples from 58 cities
and 29 nonurban areas
Autopsies, 9 U.S. cities
Race and country information,
diet
Organs from sudden accident
victims (normal)
White males, 15-70 yrs. old
Reference
Perry et al. ,
1962
Schroeder, 1970
Tietz et al. ,
1957
Tipton et al. ,
1964
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Kehoe et al . ,
1940
Koch et al. ,
1956
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Goldblum et al.,
1953
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Tipton et al. ,
1963
TX-4907
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ALUMINUM (continued)
Tissue
Prostate
Skin
Spleen
Stomach
Teeth
Range
12-220 yg/g ash
5.3 x 10"11 - 4.5 x 10~9%
dry wt.
72-1200 yg/g ash
Not given
0.0-8.0 ppm wet wt.
0.95-18.0 micromole/g ash
0.36-4.4 micromole/g ash
10-120 yg/g ash
Not given
7.0-40.0 ppm wet wt.
16-110 yg/g ash
1.5-54.0 yg/g
Mean Level
46 yg/g ash (median)
Not given
260 yg/g ash (median)
0.13 mg/lOOg wet wt.
7 . 0 ppm wet wt .
Not given
Not given
25 ug/g ash (median)
0.073 mg/lOOg wet wt.
18.0 ppm wet wt.
35 yg/g ash (median)
14.0 ±1.51 yg/g
19.13 ± 3.48 ppm;
8.34 ± 1.31 ppm
No. of
Cases
50
18
22
Not
given
3
100
150
143
Not
given
3
130
56
208
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
MS
MS
Comments
White males, 15-70 years old
Race and country information,
diet
Organs from sudden accident
victims (normal)
Adults who died unexpectedly,
St. Louis
Race and country information,
diet
Organs from sudden accident
victims (normal)
<20-year-olds, wide geographic
area
High caries area, New England;
low caries area, South Carolina,
<20-year-olds. Enamel
Reference
Tipton et al.,
1963
Goldblum et al.,
1963
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Kehoe et al . ,
1940
Koch et al. ,
1956
Perry, 1968
Perry et al. ,
1962
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Kehoe et al . ,
1940
Koch et al. ,
1956
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Losee et al. ,
1963
Curzon and Losee
1977
TX-4907
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ALUMINUM (continued)
Tissue
Testis
Thyroid
Trachea
Urine
Uterus
Vena cava
Range
16-80 pg/g ash
35-240 yg/g ash
12-890 Mg/g ash
Not given
12-90 ug/g ash
Not given
Mean Level
30 yg/g ash (median)
85 Ug/g ash (median)
60 ug/g ash (median)
_0_.078 mg/lOOg wet wt.
36 Pg/g ash (median)
8.0 ppm wet wt.
No. of
Cases
72
21
57
Not
given
32
1
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Race and country information,
diet
Organs from sudden accident
victims (normal)
Reference
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Kehoe et al . ,
1940
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Koch et al. ,
1956
TX-4907
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ANTIMONY
Tissue
Blood
Brain
Hair
Heart
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Teeth
Range
0.00-0.31 ppm
Not given
Not given
0.5-4.0 ppm
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
<0. 010-0. 87 wg/g wet wt.
0.02-0.34 pg/g dry wt.
Mean Level
Not given
0.016 tig/ml
0.11 ug/g dry wt.
1.5 ppm
0.061 + 0.013 ppm
0.69 pg/g dry wt.
0.09 yg/g dry wt.
0.17 pg/g dry wt.
0.19 ug/g dT wt.
0.116 ug/g wet wt.
0.13 jig/g dry wt.
Ro. of
Cases
39
Not
given
Not
given
33
10
Not
given
Not
given
Not
given
Not
given
24
56
Analytical
Method
X-ray Spectrometry
Hot given
Not given
NAA
NAA
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
NAA
MS
Comments
Mean age 35.3 years. Serum
Normal blood level
Normal brain level
Oak Ridge, Tenn. adults and
children
Homogenized hair
Normal antimony level in hair
Normal heart level
Normal kidney level
Normal liver level
Some cases with lung cancer,
some without
Less than 20-year-old teeth.
Enamel
Reference
Gofman et al. ,
1964
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Bate and Dyer,
1965
Obrusnik et al.,
1972
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Kennedy, 1966
Losee et al. ,
1973
TX-4907
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ARSENIC
Tissue
Blood
Brain
Hair
Heart
Kidney
Range
0-00-0.15 mg/lOOg dry wt.;
! mg/lOOg dry wt.;
trace-4.86 mg/lOOg dry wt.
0.00-0.05 ppm
Not given
10-360 ppb
Not given
0.25-0.88 yg/g
Not given
20-100 ppm
0-4 ppm
Not given
0.06 and 0.31 yg/g dry
wt.
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
0.0529 mg/lOOg dry wt. ;
0.26 mg/lOOg dry wt.;
not given
Not given
0.03 pg/ml
32-251 ppb
0.016 yg/g dry wt.
0.51 yg/g
0.4 + 0.26 - 10.6 + 7.0
ppm
50 ppm
3 ppm
0.65 yg/g dry wt.
Not applicable
0.027 yg/g dry wt.
0.050 ug/g dry wt.
No. of
Cases
16
55
107
Not
given
Not
given
53
Not
given
43
168
Not
given
Not
given
2
Not
given
Not
given
Analytical
Method
Color ime try
X-ray spectrometry
Not given
Not given
Not given
Chem.
Colorimetry
AAS
Not given
AAS; ES
Not given
Not given
Comments
Normal children; normal adults;
patients with suggestion of
chronic arsenic poisoning
Normal arsenic level in blood
6 Oregon cities; correlation of
blood arsenic level with arsenic
levels in drinking water
Normal arsenic level in brain
Mean level range represents 5
cities — fourth grade boys
Higher values from children
living near smelter; lower set
from children living 8 miles away
Normal arsenic level in hair
Normal arsenic levels in heart
Normal arsenic levels in kidney
Reference
Cannon, 1936
Go f man et al. ,
1964
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Whanger et al. ,
1977
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Camp et al. , 1949
Hammer et al. ,
1971
Milham and
Strong, 1974
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Yurachek et al.,
1969
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
ARSENIC (continued)
Tissue
Liver
Placenta
Skin
Urine
Range
Not given
Not given
High value: 5.22 mg/lOOg
dry wt .
0.01-3.50 tig/g dry wt.;
0.05-2.30 yg/g dry wt.
Trace to 4.86 mg/lOOg dry
wt.
Not given
Not given
5-114 yg/liter
8-75.5 yg/24 hr.
0.01-0.3 ppm
0.01-0.05 ppm
Not given
Mean Level
0.057 yg/g dry wt.
0.001 + 0.000 yg/g wet
wt.
Not given
0.17 yg/g dry wt. ;
0.10 yg/g dry wt.
Not given
0.130 mg/liter
0.023 mg/liter
20 + 13.6 and 29.1 +
25.3 yg/liter
20.9 + 11.3 and 39.1 +
23.4 yg/24 hr.
0.097 ppm
0.034 ppm
0.084 yg/ml
No. of
Cases
Not
given
58
Not
given
87
107
16
Not
given
' 28
Not
given
Not
given
Analytical
Method
Not given
Not given
Not given
NAA
Color ime try
Colorimetry
NAA
X-ray spectrometry
AAS
Not given
Comments
Normal arsenic levels in liver
Data from city hospitals in South
and Southeast
Samples from patients exhibiting
symptoms suggestive of chronic
arsenic poisoning
Arsenic history; no arsenic
history
Patients exhibiting symptoms
suggestive of chronic arsenic
poisoning
Normal adults, children
Measurements from Denver and
Seattle
Higher values from children
living close to smelter; lower
values for children 8 miles from
smelter
Normal arsenic level in urine
Reference
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Karp and
Robertson, 1977
Cannon, 1936
Domonkos, 1959
Cannon, 1936
Cannon, 1936
Gills et al.,
1974
Mathles, 1974
Milham and
Strong, 1974
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
ASBESTOS/FERRUGINONS BODIES
Tissue
Lung
Range
0.0-<210 particles/lung
Not Given
1-20 particles/5g
Not Given
9->201 fibers/10(-6)
of tissue
0.0-57.0% positive
3-340 fibers/10 (-6)
fraction of tissue
Not Given
0-251+ ferruginous bodies/
5g tissue
Not Given
Mean Level
(a) 14.20 particles/lung
(b) 12.89 particles/lung
(c) 7.42 particles/lung
(d) 10.05 particles/lung
(e) 13.55 particles/lung
Not Given
Not Given
2.8 and 9-5 mg/g dry wt.
6.5 x 10
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
No. of
Cases
282
(Duluth)
96
(NYC)
41 of 100
28
23
28 of 28
1449
of
3000
28 of 28
24 of 28
86
179 of
355
Analytical
Method
Microscopy
Histochemical
Microscopy
Not Given
Microscopy
Microscopy
Microscopy
Microscopy
Microscopy
Microscopy
Comments
(a) Duluth, 1953-1955
(b) Duluth, 1960-1961
(c) Duluth, 1966-1967
(d) Duluth, 1972-1973
(e) NYC, 1966-1968
Samples from ages 10-70
First values - Charleston, SC
autopsies and second values -
Pittsburg, PA autopsies
NYC autopsies
NYC autopsies
NYC random autopsies
NYC autopsies, general population
No differences due to sex or
location
NYC autopsies
Reference
Auerbach et al. ,
1977
Cauna et al. ,
1965
Gordon et al . ,
1976
Gross et al. ,
1974
Langer et al. ,
1970; Selikoff
et al., 1972
Langer et al.,
1970
Langer and
Selikoff, 1971
Langer et al. ,
1971
Rosen et al. ,
1972
Selikoff and
Hammond , 1968
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
ASBESTOS/FERRUGINONS BODIES (continued)
Tissue
Lung
Range
Not Given
Not Given
Mean Level
31.6% positive (males)
and 20.4% positive
(females)
98.2% positive (males)
and 95.5% positive
(females)
No. of
Cases
304 males,
196
females
100
Analytical
Method
Microscopy
Microscopy
Comments
Autopsies in Florida
Reference
Thompson et al.,
1966
Utidjian et al.,
1968
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
BARIUM
Tissue
Aorta
Blood
Body, total
content
Bone
Brain
Hair
Range
0.036-0.50 mlcromoles/g
ash
0.018-0.12 micromoles/g
ash
Not given
0.005-0.470 mg/lOOml
0.00-0.44 ppm
Not given
Not given
1.9-17.3 ppm
0.015-0.19 micromoles/g
ash
<0. 001-0. 013 micromoles/g
ash
Not given
0.054-9.29 ug/g;
0.121-29.0 ug/g
Mean Level
Not given
Not given
0.0069 + 0.0004 mg/lOOml
0.171 mg/lOOml
Not given
0.07 yg/ml
22.0 mg
7.0-8.5 ppm
Not given
Not given
0.01 ug/g dry wt.
0.762 ug/g; 1.41 ug/g
No. of
Cases
100
150
48
266
39
Not
given
168
35
100
150
Not
given
267
(children)
197
(adults)
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
X-ray spectrometry
Not given
Not given
NAA
ES
ES
Not given
ES
Comments
Adults who died unexpectedly,
St. Louis, Mo.
Normal individuals, Los Angeles
area. Whole blood.
Patients, blood donors, and
normal individuals, Los Angeles.
Serum.
Males, mean age 35.3 yrs. Serum.
Autopsy samples from 58 cities
and 29 nonurban areas
4 groups: 0-3 months to 33-74
years; increased slightly with
age
Adults who died unexpectedly,
St. Louis
3 New York City areas; lower
figures, children; higher
figures, adults
Reference
Perry, 1968
Perry et al. ,
1962
Butt et al. ,
1964
Butt et al. ,
1964
Gofman et al. ,
1964
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Schroeder, 1970
Sowden and
Stitch, 1957
Perry, 1968
Perry et al. ,
1962
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Creason, 1975
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
BARIUM (continued)
Tissue
Hair
(continued)
Heart
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Range
Not given
0.017-0.24 micromoles/g
ash
<0. 001-0. 020 micromoles/g
ash
Not given
0.018-0.170 micromoles/g
ash
<0. 00 1-0. 029 micromoles/g
ash
Not given
<0. 001-0. 12 micromoles/g
ash
<0. 001-0. 015 micromoles/g
ash
Not given
Not given
0.068-0.340 micromoles/g
ash
0.029-0.290 micromoles/g
ash
Not given
Mean Level
0.60 and 0.46 yg/g dry
wt.
Not given
Not given
0.08 yg/g dry wt.
Not given
Not given
0.06 yg/g dry wt.
Not given
Not given
0.67 + 0.40 Ug/g ash
0.007 yg/g dry wt.
Not given
Not given
Min. <20 yg, Max. 1000 yg
Retained per year: 47 yg
No. of
Cases
2
100
150
Not
given
100
150
Not
given
100
150
10
Not
given
100
150
168
Analytical
Method
AAS; MS
ES
Not given
Not given
ES
ES
Not given
ES
ES
ES
Not given
ES
ES
Not given
Comments
Adults who died unexpectedly,
St. Louis
Adults who died unexpectedly,
St. Louis
Adults who died unexpectedly,
St. Louis
5 white and 5 black accident
victims, long-term St. Louis
residents
Adults who died unexpectedly,
St. Louis
Autopsy samples from 58 cities
and 29 nonurban areas
Reference
Yurachek, 1969
Perry, 1968
Perry et al. ,
1962
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Perry, 1968
Perry et al. ,
1962
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Perry, 1968
Perry et al. ,
1962
Perry et al. ,
1973
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Perry, 1968
Perry et al. ,
1962
Schroeder, 1970
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
BARIUM (continued)
Tissue
Placenta
Spleen
Teeth
Range
Not given
0.09-0.18 micromoles/g ash
<0. 001-0. 024 micromoles/g
ash
Not given
0.8-17.0 ug/g
Mean Level
0.053+0.01 yg/g wet
wt.
Not given
Not given
6.8 + 2.26 ppm;
2.1 + 0.57 ppm
5.6 pg/g
No. of
Cases
58
100
150
208
56
Analytical
Method
Not given
ES
ES
MS
MS
Comments
Adults who died unexpectedly,
St. Louis
Teeth samples from <20-y ear-olds.
High caries area, New England
low caries area, South Carolina.
Enamel .
<20-year-olds, wide geographic
area. Enamel.
Reference
Karp and
Robertson, 1977
Perry, 1968
Perry et al. ,
1962
Curzon and Losee,
1977
Losee et al. ,
1973
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
BERYLLIUM
Tissue
Adipose
Blood
Bone
Brain
Gastrointes-
tinal tract
Heart
Kidney
Liver
Range
< 0.0004 ppm
Not given
<0.0004 ppm
Not given
<0.0004 ppm
Not given
<0.0004 ppm
Not given
0-0.5 mg/lOOg tissue
0-1.0 mg/lOOg tissue
Not given
0.001 ppm
0-0.012 yg/lOOg
Mean Level
Not applicable
0.001 ug/ml
Not applicable
0.002 yg/g dry wt.
Not applicable
0.002 yg/g dry wt.
Not applicable
0.002 yg/g dry wt.
Not given
Not given
0.009 yg/g dry wt.
Not applicable
Not given
No. of
Cases
1
Not
given
1
Not
given
Not
given
Not
given
1
Not
given
Not
given
Not
given
Not
given
1
2
Analytical
Method
Fluorometry
Not given
Fluorometry
Not given
Fluorometry
Not given
Fluorometry
Not given
ES
ES
Not given
Fluorometry
Not given
Comments
Cadaver
Normal blood level
Cadaver. Skeletal bone.
Normal brain level
Cadaver
Normal heart level
Cadaver
Normal kidney level
Cancer patients and autopsy
specimens
Cancer patients and autopsy
specimens
Normal liver level
Cadaver
1 white and 1 black male
Reference
Forbes et al. ,
1954
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Forbes et al. ,
1954
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Forbes et al. ,
1954
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Forbes et al. ,
1954
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Tietz et al. ,
1957
Tietz et al. ,
1957
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Forbes et al. ,
1954
Forbes et al. ,
1956
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
BERYLLIUM (continued)
Tissue
Lung
Placenta
Teeth
Urine
Range
0-0.023 ug/lOOg
<0.0004 ppm
0-1.0 mg/lOOg dry wt.
0.1-1.1 yg/lOOg tissue
Not given
0.01-0.97 yg/g dry wt.
Not given
Mean Level
Not given
Not applicable
Not given
Not given
0.013 + 0.007 ug/g wet
wt.
0.090 yg/g dry wt.
0.0002 yg/ml
No. of
Cases
2
1
Not
given
3
58
56
Not
given
Analytical
Method
Not given
Fluorometry
ES
MS
Not given
MS
Not given
Comments
1 white and 1 black male
Cadaver
Cancer patients and autopsy
specimens
Hospital patients in South and
Southeast
Less than 20-year-old teeth
Normal urine level
Reference
Forbes et al. ,
1956
Forbes et al. ,
1954
Tietz et al. ,
1957
Robinson et al.,
1968
Karp and
Robertson, 1977
Losee et al. ,
1973
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
d-BHC
Tissue
Adipose
Blood
Milk
Range
Not given
0.0-0.14 ppm
0.0-18.0 ppb
<1. 0-104. 4 ppb
Mean Level
<0.03 ppm
0.01 ppm
<0.07 ppb
56.3 ppb
No. of
Cases
25
1412
1000
1436
Analytical
Method
GC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
Comments
Samples from Los Angeles
35 U.S. cities
General population in Idaho
Not detectable in 1426 of 1436
samples. Fat basis.
Reference
Hayes et al. ,
1965
Kutz et al.,
1974
Watson et al. ,
1970
Savage, 1976
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
g-BHC
Tissue
Adipose
Adipose
Blood
Range
Not given
0.1-0.5 ppm
0.03-2.43 ppm
Not given
0.0-26.9 ppm
0.0-26.9 ppm
0.37-2.28 ppm
0.0-2.5 ppb
(a) 0.0024-0.0184 ppm
(b) 0.0008-0.0057 ppm
(c) 0.0012-0.0133 ppm
(d) 0.0012-0.0054 ppm
(e) 0.0013-0.0208 ppm
(f) 0.0003-0.0035 ppm
Not given
Mean Level
1.23 + 0.95 ppm
0.2 ppm
0.6 + 0.1 ppm
5.76 and 3.05 ppm
0.60 ppm
0.21-0.37 ppm (geometric
means ; range)
Not given
0.3 ppb
(a) 0.0065 + 0.0015 ppm
(b) 0.0025 + 0.0005 ppm
(c) 0.0047 + 0.0012 ppm
(d) 0.0026 + 0.0003 ppm
(e) 0.0060 -1- 0.0018 ppm
(f) 0.0022 + 0.0004 ppm
0.0042 ppm
No. of
Cases
221
25
25
1092
(1973)j
898
(1974)
1412
898-1913
332
202
20
10
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC
GC-EC, TLC, and MS
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC
GC-EC
Comments
Texas agricultural areas
None
None
98+ % positive; 75 U.S. sites;
blacks and whites
32 U.S. cities
75 U.S. sites; a general popula-
tion; 1970 through 1974 concen-
tration declined
Autopsies in Florida
Whites in Idaho
General population; 10 males and
10 females;
(a) plasma, males
(b) plasma, females
(c) rbc, males
(d) rbc, females
(e) whole blood, males
(f) whole blood, females
Females, no occupational exposure
Reference
Burns, 1974
Davis et al . ,
1971
Hayes et al. ,
1965
Kutz et al. ,
1977
Kutz et al.,
1974
Kutz et al. ,
1977
Radomski et al. ,
1968
Wyllie et al.,
1972
Dale et al. ,
1967
Dale et al . ,
1966
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
B-BHC (continued)
Tissue
Blood
(continued)
Brain
Liver
Milk
Range
(a) 0.0015-0.0002 ppm
(b) 0.0019-0.0042 ppm
(c) 0.0005-0.0022 ppm
(d) 0.0004-0.0094 ppm
1.0-3.0 ppb
0.0-8.0 ppb
Not given
(a) 0.7-2.0 ppb
(b) 1.0-3.2 ppb
Not given
0.0-15.0 ppb
0.0-15.0 ppb
0.0-trace
0.06 + 0.10 -
0.12 + 0.18 ppm
trace-38.0 ppb
<1. 0-9, 216. 6 ppb
Mean Level
(a) 0.0034 ppm
(b) 0.0031 ppm
(c) 0.0010 ppm
(d) 0.0036 ppm
Not given
0.46 ppb
1.40 + 0.46 ppb
(a) 1.4 + 0.46 ppb
(b) Not given
0.7 + 1.5 ppb
<0.07 ppb
0.3 ppb
Not given
Not given
5.6 ppb (fat basis)
193.1 ppb (fat basis)
No. of
Cases
10
350 pairs
1619
28
8+
3568
1000
202
332
332
40
1436
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC
GC
GC-EC
GC
Not given
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC
GC-EC
Comments
(a) plasma
(b) whole blood
(c) rbc
(d) serum
Blood serum. Mother-infant pairs
General population in Hawaii
4 male and 4 female, ages 27-49
years, and 20 autopsies
None
General population in Hawaii
Blood serum. General population
in Idaho.
Blood serum. Whites in Idaho.
Autopsies in Florida
Autopsies in Florida
Females.
National Study.
Reference
Dale et al. ,
1966
D'Ercole et al. ,
1976
Klemmerer et
al., 1973
Radomski et al.,
1971
Radomski et al. ,
1971
Rashad et al . ,
1976
Watson et al.,
1970
Wyllie et al . ,
1972
Radomski et al.,
1968
Radomski et al. ,
1968
Savage et al . ,
1973
Savage, 1976
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
B-BHC (continued)
Tissue
Milk
(continued)
Range
trace-0.01 ppm
Mean Level
0.005 ppm
No. of
Cases
57
Analytical
Method
GC-EC and GC/MS
Comments
Missouri and Arkansas
Reference
Strassman and
Kutz, 1977
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
Y-BHC (Lindane)
Tissue
Adipose
Blood
Range
<0.1-12.3 ppm
0.0-12.3 ppm
0.0-0.18 ppm
0.10 ppm (max.)
0.0-23.0 ppb
(a) <0. 0005-0. 0132 ppm
(b) <0. 0003-0. 0019 ppm
(c) <0. 0005-0. 0023 ppm
(d) 0.0007-0.0019 ppm
(e) <0. 0005-0. 0080 ppm
(f) 0.0007-0.0018 ppm
0.0-37.0 ppb
Not given
0.1-6.0 ppb
0.0-24.0 ppb
Mean Level
0.56 ppm
0.48 ppm
0.01 ppm
Not given
4.71, 2.79, and 3.60 ppb
(a) 0.0057 + 0.0019 ppm
(b) 0.0008 + 0.0002 ppm
(c) 0.0008 + 0.0002 ppm
(d) 0.0012 + 0.0001 ppm •
(e) 0.0015 + 0.0008 ppm
(f) 0.0014 + 0.0001 ppm
7.2 ppb
0.1 and 11.5 ppb
0.39 ppb
<0.07 ppb
No. of
Cases
282
994
1412
1092
(1973);
898
(1974)
86
20
28
80
53 pairs
1000
Analytical
Method
GC
GC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC
GC .
Not given
GC-EC
GC-EC
Comments
None
Autopsies
32 U.S. cities
75 U.S. sites, whites and blacks;
1.56% (1973) and 0.56% (1974)
Positive
Blood plasma; values respectively
are for males, females, and
combined
General population; 10 males and
10 females;
(a) plasma, males
(b) plasma, females
(c) rbc, males
(d) rbc, females
(e) whole blood, males
(f) whole blood, females
Blood serum, Texas females
First value - nonexposed controls
and second value - exposed
occupationally
General population in Louisiana;
Mother- infant pairs
General population in Indiana;
Reference
Hoffman et al. ,
1964
Hoffman et al. ,
1967
Kutz et al., 1974
Kutz et al., 1977
Burns and Miller,
1975
Dale et al., 1967
Dyment et al. ,
1971
Milby and
Samuels, 1971
Selby et al.,
1969
Watson et al. ,
1970
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
Lindane (continued)
Tissue
Blood
Feces
Milk
Placenta
Urine
Range
0.1-7.4 ppb
Trace - 0.12 pg/day /person
0.0-10.2 ppb
0.03-0.20 mg/kg
71.0-247.2 ppb
<1. 0-1444. 4 ppb
0.1-6.0 ppb
Trace - 0.06 yg/day/person
Mean Level
0.48 ppb
Not given
1 . 6 ppb
0.115 mg/kg fat basis
57.1 ppb fat basis
77.7 ppb fat basis
1.19 ppb
Not given
No. of
Cases
53 pairs
32
28
53
23
663
53 pairs
32
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC
GC
GC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
EC
Comments
General population in Louisiana;
Mother-infant pairs; total BHC
None
Blood serum. Texas females.
Milk fat, nursing mothers in
Pennsylvania
•y-BHC, not detectable in 1413 of
1436 samples
Total BHC, not detectable in 773
of 1436 samples
General population in Louisiana;
Mother- infant pairs
None
Reference
Selby et al. ,
1969
Price et al. ,
1972
Dyment et al. ,
1971
Kroger, 1970
Savage, 1976
Savage, 1976
Selby et al . ,
1969
Price et al. ,
1972
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
A - BHC
Tissue
Adipose
Range
0.0-1.11 ppm
Mean Level
0.01 ppm
No. of
Cases
1412
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
Comments
32 cities
Reference
Kutz et al., 1974
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
BISMUTH
Tissue
Bladder
Blood
Blood
Brain
Heart
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Teeth
Range
10 yg/g ash
0.00-0.20 ppm
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
<20-2600 yg (total lung)
0.02-0.07 yg/g dry wt.
Mean Level
Not applicable
Not given
0.01 yg/ml
0.1 yg/g dry wt.
0.08 ug/g dry wt.
0.09 yg/g dry wt.
0.07 yg/g dry wt.
Not given
0.006 yg/g dry wt.
No. of
Cases
8
39
Not
given
Not
given
Not
given
Not
given
Not
given
168
56
Analytical
Method
Not given
X-ray spectrometry
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
MS
Comments
Males, bismuth found in only one
bladder
Males; mean age 35.3 yr. Serum.
Normal blood level. Whole blood.
Normal brain level
Normal heart level
Normal kidney level
Normal liver level
Samples from 58 cities and 29
nonurban areas
Less than 20-year-old teeth
Reference
Koch et al. ,
1956
Go f man et al. ,
1964
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Schroeder, 1970
Losee et al. ,
1973
TX-4907
7-2A-78
-------
BORON
Tissue
Adipose
Alimentary
tract
Blood
Bone
Brain
Gastrointes-
tinal tract
Hair
Range
0-0.21 ppm
Not given
0.18-0.30 ppm
Not given
2.0-38.0 yg/lOOg
Not given
Not given
0.59-0.89 ppm
Not given
Not given
0.03-22.0 yg/g (children)
0.037-25.0 pg/g (adults)
0.0002-0.0008% dry tissue
Mean Level
Not given
0.074 ppm wet wt.
Not given
0.141 ppm
9.85 wg/100g
0.13 ug/ml
0.9 ppm
Not given
0.6 yg/g dry wt.
0.078 ppm wet wt.
0.881 yg/g (children)
0.981 ug/g (adults)
Not given
No. of
Cases
2
1
2
1
154
Not
given
1
2
Not
given
1
267
children)
197
(adults)
18
Analytical
Method
Colorimetry
Color imetry; ES
Colorimetry
Colorimetry; ES
ES
Not given
Colorimetry; ES
Colorimetry
Not given
Colorimetry; ES
ES
ES
Comments
1 white Cage 60) and 1 black
(age 48) male
Autopsy of 46-year-old
1 white (age 60) and 1 black
(age 48) male
Autopsy of 46— year-old
Adult males from various cities
and farms
Autopsy of 46-year-old. Skeletal
bone.
1 white (age 60) and 1 black
(age 48) male. Skeletal bone.
Autopsy of 46-year-old
3 New York metropolitan
community samples
18 white males, ages 15-70 yrs.
Reference
Forbes et al. ,
1956
Forbes et al. ,
1954
Forbes et al. ,
1956
Forbes et al. ,
1954
Imbus et al. ,
1963
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Forbes et al. ,
1954
Forbes et al. ,
1956
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Forbes et al. ,
1954
Creason, 1975
Goldblum et al. ,
1953
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
BORON (continued)
Tissue
Heart
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Muscle
Range
Not given
0.28-0.51 ppm wet wt.
Not given
0.17-0.46 ppm wet wt.
Not given
Not given
0.03-0.15 ppm wet wt.
Not given
Not given
0.12-0.19 ppm wet wt.
Not given
Not given
0.17-0.4 ppm wet wt.
Mean Level
0.044 ppm wet wt.
Not given
0.2 ug/g dry wt.
Not given
0.248 ppm wet wt.
0.5 ug/g dry wt.
Not given
0.114 ppm wet wt.
0.48 ug/g dry wt.
Not given
0.067 ppm wet wt.
0.071 ppm wet wt.
Not given
No. of
Cases
1
2
Not
given
2
1
Not
given
2
1
Not
given
2
1
1
2
Analytical
Method
Color imetry; ES
Colorimetry
Not given
Colorimetry
Colorimetry; ES
Not given
Colorimetry
Colorimetry; ES
Not given
Colorimetry
Colorimetry; ES
Colorimetry; ES
Colorimetry
Comments
Autopsy of 46-year-old
1 white (age 60) and 1 black
(age 48) male
1 white (age 60) and 1 black
(age 48) male
Autopsy of 46-year-old
One white (age 60) and one black
(age 48) male
Autopsy of 46-year-old
One white (age 60) and one black
(age 48) male
Autopsy of 46-year-old
Autopsy of 46-year-old. Striated
muscle.
One white (age 60) and one black
(age 48) male. Striated muscle.
Reference
Forbes et al. ,
1954
Forbes et al. ,
1956
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Forbes et al. ,
1956
Forbes et al. ,
1954
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Forbes et al.,
1956
Forbes et al. ,
1954
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Forbes et al. ,
1956
Forbes et al.,
1954
Forbes et al. ,
1954
Forbes et al.,
1956
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
BORON (continued)
Tissue
Nail
Nerve
Placenta
Skin
Spleen
Teeth
Urine
Range
0.0007-0.0060% dry wt.
0.0-0.1 ppm wet wt.
Not given
Not applicable
0.34-0.45 ppm wet wt.
Not given
0.0017-0.0172% dry wt.
Not given
0.5-69.0 ug/g
0-6800 vig/liter
Mean Level
Not given
Not given
0.106 ppm wet wt.
0.0
Not given
0.119 ppm wet wt.
Not given
0.08 ppm wet wt.
18.2 ug/g
715 ug/liter
No. of
Cases
18
2
1
58
2
1
18
1
56
154
Analytical
Method
ES
Colorimetry
Color ime try; ES
Not given
Colorimetry
Colorimetry; ES
ES
Colorimetry
MS
ES
Comments
18 white males, ages 15-70 yrs.
One white (age 60) and one black
(age 48) male
Autopsy of 46-year-old
City hospitals in South and
Southeast
One white (age 60) and one black
(age 48) male
Autopsy of 46-year-old
18 white males, ages 15-70 yrs.
One white (age 60) and one black
(age 48) male
<20 years old, wide geographic
area
Adult males from various cities
and farms
Reference
Goldblum et al. ,
1953
Forbes et al. ,
1956
Forbes et al. ,
1954
Karp and
Robertson, 1977
Forbes et al. ,
1956
Forbes et al. ,
1954
Goldblum et al. ,
1953
Forbes et al. ,
1956
Losee et al. ,
1973
Imbus et al. ,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
BROMINE
Tissue
Blood
Hair
Teeth
Range
Not given
0.17 and 1.10 pg/g dry
wt.
<0. 10-2. 90 ug/g
Mean Level
4.12 ppm
Not given
1.09 wg/g
No. of
Cases
39
2
56
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectrometry
AAS; MS
MS
Comments
Males, average 35.3 yr. Serum.
<20 years old; wide geographic
area
Reference
Gofman et al. ,
1964
Yurachek et al. ,
1969
Losee et al. ,
1973
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
CADMIUM
Tissue
Adrenal
Aorta
Bladder
Blood
Range
<50-150 pg/g ash
<0.2-12.3 pg/g dry wt.
<0.4-1.3 micromoles/g ash
<50-60 micromoles/g ash
<50-66 pg/g ash
Not given
Not given
Not given
0.0-2.8 pg/100 ml
Not given
Not given
0.00-0.23 ppm
Mean Level
50 pg/g ash (median)
0.3-5.5 pg/g dry wt.
Not given
<50 micromoles/g ash
(median)
<50 pg/g ash (median)
0.093 + 0.115 pg/g dry
wt.
0.076 + 0.109 pg/g dry
wt.
1.2 + 1.1 - 16.4 + 6.3
mg/liter
0.3 yg/100 ml
0.209 + 0.005 mg/100 ml
0.034 + 0.002 - 0.048 +
0.001 mg/100 ml
Not given
No. of
Cases
11 of 15
46
100
19 of 105
34 of 112
83
123
520
369
47
266
39
Analytical
Method
ES
AAS
ES
ES
ES
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
ES
ES
X-ray spec trome try
Comments
Adults
Autopsies. Chicago area.
Adults
Adults
Adults. Urinary bladder.
Nashville, Tennessee hospital
patients. Maternal blood.
Nashville, Tennessee hospital
patients. Fetal blood.
Kansas City, Missouri and Kansas;
soft and hard water areas
respectively. Serum.
Newark, N.J. children 1-8 yrs.
Normal Los Angeles residents
Los Angeles residents-blood
donors, surgical patients,
diseased and normal individuals.
Serum.
Men, mean age 35.3 yrs. Serum.
Reference
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Marks et al . ,
1972
Perry, 1968
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Baglan et al. ,
1974
Baglan et al. ,
1974
Bierenbaum et al..
1975
Bogden et al . ,
1974
Butt et al., 1964
Butt et al., 1964
Go f man et al. ,
1964
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
CADMIUM (continued)
Tissue
Blood
Brain
Diaphragm
Esophagus
Range
0.42 + 0.7 yg/100 ml
<0.1-9.6 yg/100 ml
0.3-5.4 ug/100 g
Not given
0.50-14.16 yg/100 ml
0.22-1.70 ug/100 g
0.04-1.77 yg/100 ml
0.0-0.144 yg/g wet wt.
Not given
Not given
<50 - <50 yg/g ash
<50 - <50 yg/g ash
Not given
Mean Level
Not given
1.71 ug/100 ml
0.70 yg/100 g
0.4 + 0.44 - 0.9 + 1.1
yg/100 ml
1.77 yg/100 ml
0.66 yg/100 g
0.12 yg/100 ml
0.140 yg/g wet wt.
Trace, ppm wet wt.
2.55 yg/g dry wt.
<50 yg/g ash (median)
<50 yg/g ash (median)
Trace
No. of
Cases
40
100
154
216
243
60
355
36
8
Not given
0 of 129
6 of 91
1
Analytical
Method
AAS
ASV
ES
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
ES
Not given
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Lumberyard workers in vicinity of
fertilizer plant. Plasma.
.8 to 58-year-old Ann Arbor, Mich.
residents
Adult men
19 cities
Children 2 mo. - 13 yrs. White,
middle and upper class.
250 people live in vicinity of
cadmium smelter
Fetus brain
Males
Normal brain level
Not found within detection
limits. Adults.
Adults
Males
Reference
Hammer et al. ,
1971
Seeker et al . ,
1974
Inbus et al. ,
1963
Johnson et al . ,
1975
Kubota et al. ,
1968
Smith, 1976
Wysowski, 1978
Chaube et al. ,
1973
Koch et al., 1956
Rentoul and Smith,
1973
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al., 1956
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
CADMIUM (continued)
Tissue
Esophagus
(continued)
Feces
Hair
Range
<50 - <50 yg/g ash
Not given
0.14-6.90 and 0.08-8.73
Ug/g
0.1-9.3 ppm
0.0-10.5 ppm
0.6-6.9 yg/g
Not given
Not given
30. 60-530. 47 ppm ash
0.8-2.0 ppm
Not given
Mean Level
<50 yg/g ash (median)
0.19 + 0.07 - 0.30 +
0.21 yg/g
0.88 and 0.76 yg/g
1.0 and 2.2 ppm
0.9-3.5 ppm
2.3 yg/g
0.6 + 0.41 - 2.2 + 2.10
Ug/g
1.98 + 0.14 ppm ash
158.38 ppm ash
Not given
2.76 + 0.48 and 1.77 +
0.24 yg/g
No. of
Cases
4 of 68
216
482
50
168
12
216
220
50
178
129
Analytical
Method
ES
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
Comments
Adults
Controls included
Ranges and means-281 children
and 201 adults respectively, 3
New York suburbs
Means represent 25 women and 25
men respectively
Means and range representative of
fourth grade boys from 5 U.S.
cities
Males and females, various ages
Controls included in case studies
Mean only for men, 220 cases
include occupational exposed men
and maybe women
Correlation with age studied.
Mean age of 54.
95 males age 2-88 and 83 females
age 14-84
82 males (higher value) and 47
females (lower value)
Reference
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Johnson et al . ,
1975
Creason, 1975
Eads and Lambdin,
1973
Hammer et al . ,
1971
Hinners et al . ,
1974
Johnson et al. ,
1975
Oleru, 1975
Oleru, 1976
Petering et al. ,
1973
Schroeder and
Nason, 1969
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
CADMIUM (continued)
Tissue
Hair
Heart
Intestine
Range
1.92 + 0.02 pg/g
0.34 and 0.96 pg/g dry
wt.
0.4-1.3 micromole/g ash
Not given
<50 - <50 pg/g ash
Not given
<50-85 pg/g ash
<50-100 pg/g ash
<50-60 pg/g ash
<50-50 pg/g ash
<50-60 pg/g ash
<50-50 pg/g ash
Mean Level
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not given
3.34 pg/g dry wt.
<50 pg/g ash (median)
0.6 ppm wet wt.
50 pg/g ash (median)
50 pg/g ash (median)
<50 pg/g ash (median)
<50 pg/g ash (median)
<50 pg/g ash (median)
<50 yg/g ash (median)
No. of
Cases
1
2
100
Not given
3 of 140
7
38 of 68
60 of 104
21 of 84
5 of 31
25 of 109
5 of 42
Analytical
Method
AAS
AAS and MS
ES
Not given
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Adults
Normal heart level
Adults
Males. Small intestine.
Adults. Duodenum.
Adults. Jejunum.
Adults. Ileum.
Adults. Cecum.
Adults. Sigmoid colon.
Adults. Rectum.
Reference
Sorenson et al.,
1973
Yurachek et al . ,
1969
Perry, 1968
Rentoul and Smith,
1973
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al. , 1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
CADMIUM (continued)
Tissue
Kidney
Range
0.0-0.062 yg/g wet wt.
21-4771 ppm ash wt.
400-5500 and 690-5300 yg/g
ash
Hot given
L7.5 + 311.4 and 4.0-93.2
Lig/g dry wt.
Not given
L85-460 ppm dry wt.
0.04-0.29 and 16-305 yg/g
dry wt.
795-7550, 995-3785, 899-
3802, and 719-9832 yg/g
ash
Not given
Mean Level
0.05 yg/g wet wt.
L500 ppm ash wt.
L700 and 3000 yg/g ash
25 ppm wet wt.
Sot determined
26.2 + 1.3 yg/g wet wt.
Not applicable
0.14 + 0.10 and 104 + 73
Mg/g dry wt.
2467, 2527, 2240, and
3624, yg/g ash
2512 + 1427 and 2921 +
1252 - 3478 + 1639 yg/g
ash
No. of
Cases
36
120
24
6
10
160
1
38
80
104
Analytical
Method
iAS
VAS
iAS
SS
ss
us
JAA
tJAA
AAS
AAS
Comments
?etus kidneys
Autopsies. 14 cases, 4-6 yr old.
106 cases, 16-19 yr old. Black
and white. Cortex.
Autopsies. Control (12) and
anphysema (12) cadavers
respectively.
lale accident victims
> normal and 4 diseased patients
respectively
lales. Smokers and nonsmokers.
t samples
Autopsies. 6 children and 32
idults respectively. Cortex.
Control (traumatic or infectious
liseases), chronic hypertensives,
:ardiac or cerebrovascular
lisease, and malignant disease,
respectively
lontrol (35 males and 1 female)
ind emphysematic and cancerous
.ung patients (all male) ,
respec t ively
Reference
jhaube et al. ,
L973
lammer et al. ,
L973
lirst et al. ,
Coch et al., 1956
Coch et al., 1957
^ewis et al.,
L972
Lieberman and
Cramer, 1970
Livingstone, 1971
torgan, 1969
Morgan et al. ,
L971
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
CADMIUM (continued)
Tissue
Kidney
(continued)
Larynx
Liver
Range
109-9832 ug/g ash
602.56-5350.51 ppm ash
0-4300 ug/g ash
13-45 micromoles/g ash
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
1500-5100 ug/g ash
<50 - <50 ug/g ash
0.0-0.133 yg/g wet wt.
8-1720 ppm ash wt.
Mean Level
2539 ug/g ash
1548.82 ppm ash
0-2150 ug/S ash
Not given
2940 + 120 and 4220 +
390 ug/g ash
1720 + 1470 and 2950 +
1340 ug/g ash
66.4 ug/g dry wt.
2660 + 270 - 4220 +
390 ppm ash
2900 ug/g ash
<50 ug/g ash (median)
0.114 ug/g wet wt.
180 ppm ash wt.
No. of
Cases
100
50
157
150
134
24
Not given
187
145
1 of 50
36
120
Analytical
Method
\AS
AAS
ES
ES
ES
AAS
Not given
ES
ES
ES
AAS
AAS
Comments
Autopsies. 32 blacks, 68 whites
99 men. Whites higher.
St. Louis children and adults.
Age correlation.
St. Louis adults
Accident victims (117) and hyper-
tensives (17), respectively
Control (12 cases) and emphysema-
tic (12 cases) patients,
respectively
Normal kidney level
Adults. Accidental deaths.
10 cities.
Adults
Adults
Fetus livers
Autopsies. 14 cases, 4-6 yr old.
106 cases, 16-91 yr old. Black
and white.
Reference
•[organ, 1972
Oleru, 1976
Perry et al. ,
1961
Perry et al. ,
1962
Perry, 1968
Perry et al . ,
1972
Rentoul and Smith,
1973
Schroeder, 1965
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Chaube et al. ,
1973
Hammer et al. ,
1973
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
CADMIUM (continued)
Tissue
Liver
(continued)
Range
14-150 and 19-530 ug/g ash
Not given
4.1-32.6 and 1.9-6.7 ug/g
dry wt.
Not given
51-440, 66-489, 69-397,
and 28-3293 pg/g ash
Not given
31.20-414.95 ppm
0-2000 yg/g ash
<0.4-6.7 micromoles/g ash
0.53-3.0 micromoles/g ash
Mean Level
63-230 ug/g ash
4 ppm wet wt .
15.1 ug/g dry wt.
1.81 + 0.09 ug/g wet wt.
171, 204, 182, and 304
Ug/g ash
170 + 95 and 249 + 142 -
290 + 155 ug/g ash
104.83 ppm
0-335 ug/g ash
Not given
Not given
No. of
Cases
24
5
8
161
80
104
50
157
100
150
Analytical
Method
AAS
ES
ES
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Control (12 cases) and emphysema-
tic (12 cases) , respectively
Males. Accident victims.
Mean - normal patients. Range -
normal and diseased patients,
respectively. 5 normals, 3
diseased.
Males
Control (traumatic or infectious
diseases), chronic hypertensives,
cardiac or cerebrovascular disease
patients, and malignant disease
patients, respectively
Control (35 males and 1 female)
and emphysematic and cancerous
lung patients (all males) ,
respectively
St. Louis children and adults.
Age correlations.
Adults
St. Louis adults
Reference
Hirst et al. ,
1973
Koch et al. , 1956
Koch et al., 1957
Lewis et al. ,
1972
Morgan, 1969
Morgan et al. ,
1971
Oleru, 1976
Perry et al. ,
1961
Perry, 1968
Perry et al. ,
1972
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
CADMIUM (continued)
Tissue
Liver
(continued)
Lung
TX-4907
7-24-78
Range
Not given
Not given
Not given
0-2 mg/100 g dry wt.
60-340 yg/g ash
71-1720 and 21-1000 ppm
ash
2.2-48 and 20-230 ug/g ash
Not given
Not given
3.5-4.9 ppm dry wt.
10.80-143.45 ppm ash wt.
<0.4-0.89 micromoles/g ash
Mean Level
61.4 + 37.3 and 228 +
188 ug/g ash
310 + 140 yg/g ash
6.38 yg/g dry wt.
Not given
180 yg/g ash (median)
288 and 139 ppm ash
19 and 83 yg/g ash
2 ppm wet wt .
0.41 + 0.03 wg/g wet wt.
Not given
38.93 ppm ash wt.
Not given
No . of
Cases
24
10
Not given
Not given
146 of
150
90
24
3
153
1
50
150
Analytical
Method
AAS
ES
Not given
ES
ES
AAS
AAS
ES
AAS
NAA
AAS
ES
Comments
Control (12 cases) and emphysema-
tic (12 cases) individuals,
respectively
St. Louis males, 5 black and 5
white
Normal liver level
Cancer patients and autopsy
specimens .
Adults
Heart disease (28 cases) and
other individuals, respectively,
over 30 yr
Control (12 cases) and emphysema-
tics (12 cases), respectively
Males. Accident victims.
Males. Smokers and nonsmokers.
3 samples
St. Louis adults
Reference
Perry et al. ,
1972
Perry et al. ,
1973
Rentoul and Smith,
1973
Tietz et al., 1957
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Voors and Shuman,
1977
Hirst et al.,
1973
Koch et al. , 1956
Lewis et al . ,
1972
Lieberman and
Kramer, 1970
Oleru, 1976
Perry et al. ,
1962
-------
CADMIUM (continued)
Tissue
Lung
(continued)
Milk
Muscle
Myocardium
Ovary
Range
0.4-1.3 micromoles/g ash
Not given
5.9-16.1 and 3. Sand 4.8
yg/g dry wt.
58-930 ug/g
0-1.0 mg/100 g dry wt.
<50-100 yg/g ash
0.0088-0.1335 ppm
Not given
0.27-1.00 ppm dry wt.
<50 - <50 yg/g ash
<0. 2-4.0 ug/g dry wt.
<50-78 ug/g ash
Mean Level
Not given
19.6 + 13.4 and 83.5 +
58.3
9.4 ug/g dry wt.
Not given
Not given
<50 ug/g ash (median)
0.0111 ppm
0.2 ppm wet wt.
Not given
<50 yg/g ash (median)
0.4-1.9 yg/g dry wt.
<50 yg/g ash (median)
No. of
Cases
100
24
5
168
Not given
71 of 141
14
6
1
3 of 137
26
5 of 16
Analytical
Method
ES
AAS
ES
Not given
ES
ES
AAS
ES
NAA
ES
AAS
ES
Comments
Adults
Normal men (12) and emphysematic
men (12) , respectively
Mean - 3 normal subjects; Range -
normal subjects and 2 diseased
patients, respectively
Autopsies. 58 cities, 29 rural
areas
Cancer patients and autopsy
specimens
Adults
12 wk breast feeding average
Males
5 samples
Adults
Autopsies. Chicago area.
Adults
Reference
Perry, 1968
Perry et al. ,
1972
Roch et al., 1957
Schroeder, 1970
Tietz et al., 1957
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Pinkerton et al . ,
1972
Koch et al., 1956
Lieberman and
Kramer, 1970
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Marks et al., 197!
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
CADMIUM (continued)
Tissue
Omentum
Pancreas
Placenta
Prostate
Skin
Spleen
TX-4907
7-24-78
Range
<50-100 yg/g ash
<50-200 yg/g ash
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
<50-95 yg/g ash
<50 - <50 yg/g ash
Not given
0.1-3.8 yg/g dry wt.
<0.4-0.44 micromoles/g ash
<0.4-r. 1 micromoles/g ash
N.D.-2.2 yg/g dry wt.
Mean Level
<50 yg/g (median)
80 yg/g ash (median)
2 ppm wet wt.
0.27 + 0.10 - 0.63 +
0.15 micromoles/g tissue
wt.
0.48 + 0.43 micromoles/g
dry wt.
0.037 + 0.003 yg/g
wet wt.
0.2 ppm wet wt.
<50 yg/g ash (median)
<50 yg/g ash (median)
0. 3 ppm wet wt.
0.6-1.8 yg/g dry wt.
Not given
Not given
0.7 yg/g dry wt.
1
No. of
Cases
31 of 74
120 of
139
2
554
554
58
4
20 of 50
0 of 22
3
26
150
100
3
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
AAS
AAS
Not given
ES
ES
ES
ES
AAS
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Adults
Adults
Males
L2 month study
Houston women. Normal births.
South and southeast city
lospitals
Males
Adults
Adults
Males
Autopsies. Chicago area.
St. Louis adults
Adults
Normal individuals
Reference
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al., 1956
Dawson et al . ,
1968
Dawson, 1969
Karp and
Robertson, 1977
Koch et al., 1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al., 1956
Marks et al., 1972
Perry et al. , 1962
Perry, 1968
Roch et al., 1957
-------
CADMIUM (continued)
Tissue
Spleen
Stomach
Teeth
Testis
Thyroid
Trachea
Urine
Range
<50-50 ug/g ash
Not given
<50-80 ug/g ash
0.03-6.70 ug/g dry wt.
Not given
<50-50 ug/g ash
Not given
<50-190 ug/g ash
<50-50 ug/g ash
Not given
0.4-3.0 ug/Hter
Not given
Mean Level
<50 uS/g ash (median)
0.4 ppm wet wt.
<50 ug/8 asn (median)
0.99 + 0.15 pg/g dry wt.
0.4 ppm wet wt.
<50 ug/g ash (median)
0.8 ppm wet wt.
50 ug/g ash (median)
<50 ug/g ash (median)
1.04 ug/liter
1.15 pg/liter
0.5 + 0.23 - 1.4 + 1.05
Ug/liter
No. of
Cases
L8 of 143
4
49 of 131
56
1
11 of 72
2
14 of 21
7 of 60
40
154
216
Analytical
Method
ES
ps
ES
IS
MS
MS
MS
MS
Ms
AAS
ES
AAS
Comments
Adults
Males
Adults
Less than 20-yr-old teeth.
Enamel.
Males
Adults
Males
Adults
Adults
Lumberyard workers near fertilizer
plant
Adult men
6 groups, 36 each
Reference
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al. , 1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Losee et al., 1973
Koch et al., 1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al., 1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Hammer et al . ,
1971
Inbus et al . ,
1963
Johnson et al . ,
1975
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
CADMIUM (continued)
Tissue
Urine
Uterus
Vena cava
Range
<7-22 ug/liter
Not given
<0. 04-0. 81
<0. 04-1. 11, and
<0. 04-0. 94 yg/100 ml
<50-50 yg/g ash
Not given
Mean Level
<12.7 and <13.0 ug/liter
0.75, 40, and 6 ppb
0.14, 0.34, and 0.21
Ug/100 ml
<50 ug/g ash (median)
Trace
No. of
Cases
32
38
43
5 of 32
1
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
AAS
ES
ES
Comments
Black and white men, black and
white females ; range — 24 normal
individuals; mean - 24 normals and
3 cholesterolemic patients,
respectively
Normal (15 cases) hypertensive
(15) , and treated hypertensives
(8) , respectively
1 km, 1-2 km and 13 km distance
from cadmium smelter, respectively
Adults
Males
Reference
Perry and Perry,
1959
„
Perry, 1968
Wysowski, 1978
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al., 1956
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
CERIUM
Tissue
Blood
Teeth
Range
0.00-0.55 ppm
0.02-0.19 pg/g dry weight
Mean Level
Not given
0.070 pg/g dry weight
No. of
Cases
39
56
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectrometry
MS
Comments
Healthy males, mean age 35.3 yrs.
Serum.
<20-year-olds; wide geographic
area. Enamel.
Reference
Gofman et al . ,
1964
Losee et al., 1973
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
CESIUM
Tissue
Blood
Teeth
Range
0.00-0.52 ppm
0.02-0.10 yg/g dry wt.
Mean Level
Not given
0.04 pg/g dry wt.
No. of
Cases
39
56
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectrometry
MS
Comments
Healthy males; mean age 35.3 yr.
Serum.
<20-year-olds, wide geographic
area. Enamel
Reference
Gofman et al. ,
1964
Losee et al. ,
1973
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
CHROMIUM
Tissue
Adrenal
Aorta
Bladder
Blood
Range
2.0-16.0 pg/g ash
0.002-0.190 micromoles/g
ash
0.0-19.5 pg/g ash
<0. 1-10.0 pg/g ash
Not given
0.4-13.0 pg/g ash
Not given
3.48-9.67 ng/g
Not given
0.00-0.04 ppm
1.0-6.0 pg/g
0.7-5.2 pg/100 ml
0.5-5.0 yg/liter
Mean Level
9.4 pg/g (median)
Not given
Not given
2.0 pg/g ash (median)
0.2 ppm wet wt.
3.4 pg/g ash (median)
0.012±0.002 mg/liter;
0.043+0.007 mg/liter
Not given
0.0015-0.0135 mg/100 ml
Not given
2.65 pg/g
2.2 pg/100 ml
Not given
No. of
Cases
13
150
150
90 of
103
2
103 of
110
520
5
116
39
154
17
Not
given
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
Colorimetry
ES
ES
ES
AAS
GC
ES
X-ray spectrometry
ES
ES
Not given
Comments
Adults who died unexpectedly,
St. Louis
High levels in children,
especially infants
Organs from sudden accident
victims (normal)
One-half samples in soft-water
area; one-half in hard water area.
Blood serum.
Patients, blood donors, and
normal individuals, Los Angeles
Healthy males, mean age 35.3 yrs.
Blood serum.
Adult males from cities and farms
Sudden accident victims (normal)
Reference
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Perry et al. ,
1962
Schroeder et al.,
1962
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al. ,
1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Bierenbaum
et al., 1975
Black and
Sievers, 1976
Butt et al.,
1964
Go f man et al. ,
1964
Imbus et al. ,
1956
Koch et al. ,
1956
Mertz et al.,
1974
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
CHROMIUM (continued)
Tissue
Brain
Diaphragm
Esophagus
Hair
Range
Not Given
0.002-0.038 micromoles/g
ash
<0. 1-2.0 vig/g ash
0.4-6.4 Mg/g ash
0.8-11.0 (ig/g ash
0.06-5.30 ug/g
Not Given
0.20-2.81 and 0.04-1.14
Wg/8
52-692 ppb
0.530±0.138 ppm
Not Given
Mean Level
0.28 ppm wet wt.
Not Given
O-2 Vig/g ash
2.3 ug/g' ash (median)
3.0 ug/g ash (median)
0.56 and 0.62 ug/g
1,061, 350, and 331 ppb
0.75 and 0.22 ug/g
Not Given
Not Given
0.70+0.06 and 0.96±
0.05 ug/g
No. of
Cases
3
150
84
of
128
90
of
91
63
of
66
261
children;
192
adults
101
21
47
10
181
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
AAS
ES
NAA
AAS
Comments
Sudden accident victims
(normal)
Adults who died unexpectedly,
St. Louis
Three NY metropolitan community
samples; low value-children and
high value-adults
Values for, respectively, newborn,
1-year-olds, and 3-40 year-olds
Values from age 20-40 years
Normal children and young adults
ages 4-32 years
Low value for males and high value
for females aged 10 mos. to 102
yrs.; none dyed or bleached
Reference
Koch et al. ,
1956
Perry et al. ,
1962
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Creason, 1975
Hamridge and
Barum, 1972
Hamridge and
Rogerson, 1969
Hamridge et al.,
1972
Obrusnik et al. ,
1972
Schroeder and
Nason, 1969
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
CHROMIUM (continued)
Tissue
Hair
Heart
Intestine
Range
0.65 and 5.9 yg/g dry wt.
0.002-0.160 micromoles/g
ash
0.0-82.4 yg/g ash
-------
CHROMIUM (continued)
Tissue
Kidney
Larynx
Liver
Range
0.0-2.9 yg/g dry wt.
Not given
0.002-0.087 micromoles/g
ash
2.0-57.5 ug/g ash
0.0-1.0+ mg/lOOg dry wt.
<0.1-4.5 pg/g ash
<0. 1-6.0 ug/g ash
0.0-11.3 yg/g dry wt.
Not given
Not given
0.002-0.071 micromoles/g
ash
Mean Level
1.2 yg/g dry wt.
0.16 ppm wet wt.
Not given
Not given
Not given
1.0 pg/g ash (median)
0.1 pg/g ash (median)
3.3 ug/g dry wt.
1.5 ppm dry wt.
16.0, 14.6, 9.5, and
9.2 yg/g ash
Not given
No. of
Cases
5
5
150
150
Not
given
117 of
142
27 of
49
4
4
104
males
150
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
Colorimetry
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
AAS
ES
Comments
Sudden accident victims (normal)
Adults who died unexpectedly,
St. Louis
High levels in children,
especially infants
Sudden accident victims (normal)
Values for, respectively, normals,
emphysema, emphysema/cancer and
cancer patients
Adults who died unexpectedly,
St. Louis
Reference
Koch et al. ,
1957
Koch et al. ,
1956
Perry et al. ,
1962
Schroeder et al. ,
1962
Tietz et al. ,
1957
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al. ,
1957
Koch et al. ,
1956
Morgan, 1972
Perry et al. ,
1962
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
CHROMIUM (continued)
Tissue
Liver
(continued)
Lung
Range
Not Given
1.1-17.9 pg/g ash
0.0-1.0+ mg/g dry wt.
<0.1-3.7 pg/g ash
1.8-9.6 pg/g dry wt.
Not Given
0.63-0.95 micromole/g ash
Not Given
1.1-85.2 pg/g ash
0.0-1.0+ mg/lOOg dry wt.
3.4-50.0 yg/g ash
Mean Level
1.38+1.24 pg/g ash
Not Given
Not Given
0-7 Pg/g ash (median)
3.7 pg/g dry wt.
0.6 ppm wet wt.
Not Given
Min.-5.0 pg
Max. -2000 pg
Retained per year -
4.0 pg
Not Given
Not Given
13.0 pg/g ash (median)
No. of
Cases
10
150
Not
Given
115
of
146
3
3
150
168
150
Not
Given
139
Analytical
Method
ES
Colorimetry
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Not Given
Colorimetry
ES
ES
Comments
5 white and 5 black male
accident victims; long-term
residents of St. Louis
High levels in children,
especially infants
Sudden accident victims
(normal)
Adults who died unexpectedly,
St. Louis
Autopsy samples from 58 cities
and 29 nonurban areas
High levels in children,
especially infants
Reference
Perry et al. ,
1973
Schroeder et al.,
1962
Tietz et al. ,
1957
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al. ,
1957
Koch et al. ,
1956
Perry et al. ,
1962
Schroeder, 1970
Schroeder et al.,
1962
Tietz et al.,
1957
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
CHROMIUM (continued)
Tissue
Muscle
Ovary
Omen turn
Pancreas
Placenta
Prostate
Spleen
Range
Not Given
<0. 1-5.0 yg/g ash
0.7-150.0 yg/g ash
2.3-32.0 yg/g ash
Not Given
0.9-6.5 yg/g ash
<0.1-6.8 yg/g ash
Not Given
Not Given
<0. 1-6.0 yg/g ash
Not Given
Not Given
Mean Level
0.1 ppm wet wt.
1.0 Pg/g ash (median)
2.2 yg/g ash (median)
12.0yg/g ash (median)
0. 3 ppm wet wt.
Not Given
1.6 yg/g ash (median)
0.14510.090 yg/g wet wt.
0.2 ppm wet wt.
0.9 yg/g ash (median)
1.4 yg/g dry wt.
0.3 ppm wet wt.
No. of
Cases
7
120
of
136
16
75
3
150
122
of
139
58
4
41
of
50
2
2
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Colorimetry
ES
Not Given
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Sudden accident victims
(normal)
Sudden accident victims
(normal)
High levels in children,
especially infants
Sudden accident victims
(normal)
Sudden accident victims
(normal)
Reference
Koch et al. ,
1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al. ,
1956
Schroeder et al.,
1962
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Karp and
Robertson, 1977
Koch et al. ,
1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al. ,
1957
Koch et al. ,
1956
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
CHROMIUM (continued)
Tissue
Spleen
(continued)
Stomach
Teeth
Testis
Thyroid
Trachea
Range
0.002-0.062 micromole/g
ash
0.3-27.0 pg/g ash
<0.1-3.2 pg/g ash
Not Given
0.1-6.6 pg/g ash
<1. 0-31.0 pg/g
Not Given
1.0-3.6 pg/g ash
0.1-6.3 pg/g ash
Not Given
<0. 1-5.0 pg/g ash
<0.1-8.8 pg/g ash
Mean Level
Not Given
Not Given
0.5 pg/g ash (median)
0. 35 ppm wet wt.
2.0 Pg/g ash (median)
2.30±0.69 pg/g
0.2 ppm wet wt.
Not Given
1.6 Pg/g ash (median)
1 . 3 ppm wet wt .
lt5 ^g/g ash (median)
1.6 pg/g ash (median)
No. of
Cases
150
150
113
of
143
3
22
56
1
150
66
of
72
2
18
of
21
53 of
60
Analytical
Method
ES
Colorimetry
ES
ES
ES
MS
ES
Colorimetry
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Adults who died unexpectedly,
St. Louis
High levels in children,
especially infants
Sudden accident victims
(normal)
<20-year-olds, wide geographic
area
Sudden accident victims
(normal)
High levels in children,
especially infants
Sudden accident victims
Reference
Perry et al. ,
1962
Schroeder et al.,
1962
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al. ,
1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Losee et al. ,
1973
Koch et al. ,
1956
Schroeder et al.,
1962
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al. ,
1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
CHROMIUM (continued)
Tissue
Urine
Uterus
Range
Not Given
1.5-11.5 yg/llter
Not Given
<0. 1-10.0 ug/g ash
Mean Level
0.026 mg/liter
3.77 ug/ liter
1.0 and 2.3-3.0 ppb
1.6 U8/8 asn (median)
No. of
Cases
Not
Given
154
38
28 of
32
Analytical
Method
NAA
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Adult men from various cities
and farms
Low value for normals and high
values for hypertensive patients
Reference
Gills et al.,
1974
Imbus et al.,
1963
Perry, 1968
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
COBALT
Tissue
Adipose
Adrenal
Alimentary
tract
Aorta
Bladder
Blood
Range
0.010-0.012 ppm
Not given
Not given
Not given
<2-ll ug/g ash
0.017-0.025 ppm
Not given
<2-6 yg/g ash
Not given
Not given
<2-2 jjg/g ash
Not given
Mean Level
Not given
0.008 ppm
1.24 ug/g wet wt.
0.1 ppm wet wt.
<2 pg/g ash (median)
Not given
0.40 vig/g wet wt.
<2 pg/g ash (median)
0.04 ppm wet wt.
<0.06 pg/g wet wt.
<2 ug/g ash (median)
0.00 + 0.00 mg/liter
0.146 +0.026 mg/liter
No. of
Cases
2
1
1
1
6 of 14
2
1
21 of 104
1
1
12 of 110
520
Analytical
Method
Chem.
Colorimetry
ES
NAA
ES
Chem.
ES
ES
NAA
ES
ES
AAS
Comments
1 white (age 60) and 1 black
(age 48) male
46-year-old cadaver
Accident victims, age < 56 yrs.
1 white (age 60) and 1 black
(age 48) male
Autopsies
Sudden accident victims, age
< 56 yrs.
Autopsy
Adults; half in hard-water area;
half in soft-water area. Low
figures, Kansas; high figures,
Missouri. Serum.
Reference
Forbes et al. ,
1956
Forbes et al. ,
1954
Schroeder et al.,
1967
Koch et al. ,
1956
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Forbes et al. ,
1956
Schroeder et al.,
1967
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Koch et al. ,
1956
Schroeder et al.,
1967
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Bierenbaum et
al., 1975
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
COBALT (continued)
Tissue
Blood
(continued)
Bone
Brain
Diaphragm
Range
0.0061-0.0063 mg/100 ml
Not given
0.00-0.05 ppm
0.026-0.031 ppm
Not given
11.0-22.9 yg/g dry wt.
Not given
Not given
0.05-0.37 yg/g wet wt.
<2-<2 yg/g ash
Not given
<2-<2 yg/g ash
Mean Level
Not given
0.0238 mg/ml
Not given
Not given
0.038 ppm
16.9 + 6.01 yg/g dry wt.
0.02 ppm wet wt.
0.02 ppm wet wt.
Not given
<2 yg/g ash (median)
0.14 yg/g wet wt.
<2 yg/g ash (median)
No. of
Cases
48
48
39
2
1
121
1
1
2
2 of 129
1
5 of 91
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
X-ray spectrometry
Chem.
Colorimetry
AAS
NAA
NAA
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Los Angeles area. Serum.
Los Angeles area. Whole blood.
Males; mean age 35.3 yrs.
1 white (age 60) and 1 black
(age 48) male. Skeleton
46-year-old cadaver
40 normal; 81 osteogenic
sarcomas
Sudden accident victim.
Sudden accident victim.
Autopsies
Autopsy
Reference
Butt et al. ,
1964
Butt et al. ,
1964
Go f man et al. ,
1964
Forbes et al. ,
1956
Forbes et al. ,
1954
Jones et al . ,
1972
Koch et al. ,
1954
Koch et al. ,
1956
Schroeder et al.,
1967
Tip ton et al. ,
1963
Schroeder et al.,
1967
Tipton et al. ,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
COBALT (continued)
Tissue
Esophagus
Gastrointes-
tinal tract
Hair
Heart
Intestines
Range
Not given
<2-<2 yg/g ash
Not given
Not given
Not given
0.24-0.34 yg/g dry wt.
0.033-0.035 ppm
Not given
0.16-0.23 ug/g wet wt.
<2-5 ug/g ash
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
0.025 ppm wet wt.
<2 yg/g ash (median)
0.008 ppm
0.084 + 0.009 ppm
0.17 + 0.02 yg/g;
0.28 + 0.04 yg/g
Not given
Not given
0.032 ppm
Not given
<2 yg/g ash (median)
0.05 ppm wet wt.
0.08 yg/g wet wt.
No. of
Cases
2
5 of 67
1
10
126;
55
2
2
1
2
39 of 140
5
1
Analytical
Method
NAA
ES
Colorimetry
NAA
AAS
MS; AAS
Chem.
Colorimetry
ES
ES
NAA
ES
Comments
Sudden accident victims
46-year-old cadaver
Males; females: age 10 months
to 102 years. Scalp hair.
1 white (age 60) and 1 black
(age 48) male.
46-year-old cadaver
Autopsies
Sudden accident victims.
Autopsy. Ileum.
Reference
Koch et al . ,
1956
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Forbes et al. ,
1954
Obrusnik et al. ,
1972
Schroeder et al.,
1969
Yurachek et al. ,
1969
Forbes et al. ,
1956
Forbes et al. ,
1954
Schroeder et al . ,
1967
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Koch et al. ,
1956
Schroeder et al.,
1967
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
COBALT (continued)
Tissue
Intestines
(continued)
Kidney
Range
0.04-0.17 yg/g wet wt.
Not given
<2-8 yg/g ash
<2-10 pg/g ash
<2-<2 pg/g ash
<2-<2 yg/g ash
<2-ll yg/g ash
<2-ll yg/g ash
0.032-0.037 ppm
Not given
0.05-0.11 pg/g wet wt.
<2-2 pg/g ash
Mean Level
Not given
0.01 pg/g wet wt.
<2 yg/g ash (median)
<2 yg/g ash (median)
<2 yg/g ash (median)
<2 pg/g ash (median)
<2 pg/g ash (median)
<2 pg/g ash (median)
Not given
0.64 ppm wet wt.
Not given
<2 yg/g ash (median)
No. of
Cases
2
1
10 of 31
18 of 83
6 of 67
7 of 102
21 of 108
10 of 42
2
2
3
21 of 144
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Chem.
NAA
ES
ES
Comments
Autopsies. Jejunum.
Autopsy. Sigmoid colon.
Cecum.
Ileum.
Duodenum .
Jejunum.
Sigmoid colon.
Rectum.
1 white (age 60) and 1 black
(age 48) male
Sudden accident victims.
Autopsies.
Reference
Schroeder et al.,
1967
Schroeder et al. ,
1967
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Forbes et al.,
1956
Koch et al. ,
1956
Schroeder et al.,
1967
Tipton et al. ,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
COBALT (continued)
Tissue
Larynx
Liver
Lung
Range
<2-<2 yg/g ash
0.064-0.126 ppm
Not given
Not given
Not given
0.12-0.28 yg/g wet wt.
<2-10 pg/g ash
0.028-0.039 ppm
Not given
<20-1400 yg/g
0.06-0.13 yg/g wet wt.
<2-9 yg/g ash
Mean Level
<2 yg/g ash (median)
Not given
0.056 ppm
0.25 ppm wet wt.
8.58 + 5.55 yg/g ash
Not given
<2 yg/g ash (median)
Not given
0.018 ppm
Not given
Not given
<2 yg/g ash (median)
No. of
Cases
3 of 50
2
1
2
10
2
63 of 149
2
1
169
2
26 of 141
Analytical
Method
ES
Chem.
Colorimetry
NAA
ES
ES
ES
Chem.
Colorimetry
Not given
ES
ES
Comments
1 white (age 60) and 1 black
(age 48) male
46-year-old cadaver.
Sudden accident victims.
5 white and 5 black males;
accident victims.
Autopsies
1 white (age 60) and 1 black
(age 48) male
46-year-old cadaver
Autopsies; 58 cities and 29
nonurban areas
Autopsies.
Reference
Tip ton et al. ,
1963
Forbes et al. ,
1956
Forbes et al. ,
1954
Koch et al. ,
1956
Perry et al. ,
1973
Schroeder et al. ,
1967
Tip ton et al. ,
1963
Forbes et al. ,
1956
Forbes et al. ,
1954
Schroeder 1970
Schroeder et al.,
1967
Tipton et al. ,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
COBALT (continued)
Tissue
Muscle
Nerve
Ovary
Omen turn
Pancreas
Placenta
Range
0.006-0.008 ppra
Not given
Not given
<2-<2 iig/g ash
Not given
Not given
<2-<2 pg/g ash
<2-12 pg/g ash
0.07-0.12 pg/g wet wt.
<2-<2 pg/g ash
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
Not given
0.006 ppm
0.05 ppm wet wt.
<2 pg/g ash (median)
0.015 ppm
0.011 ppm
<2 vig/g ash (median)
<2 pg/g ash (median)
Not given
<2 pg/g ash (median)
Not given
Not given
No. of
Cases
2
1
4
6 of 136
2
1
0 of 16
26 of 75
2
13 of 139
858
58
Analytical
Method
Chem.
Colorimetry
NAA
ES
Chem.
Colorimetry
ES
ES
ES
ES
NAA
Not given
Comments
1 white (age 60) and 1 black
(age 48) male. Striated muscle.
46-year-old cadaver. Striated
muscle .
Sudden accident victims.
1 white (age 60) and 1 black
(age 48) male.
46-year-old cadaver.
Autopsies.
Subjects from 4 large hospitals,
Nashville, Tenn.
City hospitals in South and
Southeast.
Reference
Forbes et al.,
1956
Forbes et al. ,
1954
Koch et al. ,
1956
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Forbes et al. ,
1956
Forbes et al . ,
1954
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Schroeder et al.,
1967
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Baglan et al. ,
1974
Karp and
Robertson, 1977
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
COBALT (continued)
Tissue
Prostate
Fsoas
Skin
Spleen
Stomach
Teeth
Range
Not given
<2-<2 vig/g ash
0.05-0.22 pg/g wet wt.
0.016-0.023 ppm
Not given
<2-ll pg/g ash
Not given
0.06-0.30 pg/g wet wt.
<2-<2 pg/g ash
0.04-0.22 pg/g wet wt.
<2-2 pg/g ash
0.01-0.26 pg/g dry wt.
Mean Level
0.11 pg/g wet wt.
<2 pg/g ash (median)
Not given
Not given
0.050 ppm
<2 pg/g ash (median)
0.025 ppm wet wt.
Not given
<2 pg/g ash (median)
Not given
<2 pg/g ash (median)
0.006 pg/g dry wt.
No. of
Cases
1
3 of 50
2
2
1
5 of 22
1
2
8 of 143
2
15 of 131
56
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
Chem.
Colorimetry
ES
NAA
ES
ES
ES
ES
MS
Comments
Autopsy
Autopsies.
1 white male (age 60) and 1
black (age 48) male
46-year-old cadaver.
Sudden accident victims.
Autopsies.
Autopsies .
Wide geographic area.
Reference
Schroeder et al. ,
1967
Tipton et al.,
1963
Schroeder et al.,
1967
Forbes et al. ,
1956
Forbes et al. ,
1954
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Koch et al . ,
1956
Schroeder et al . ,
1967
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Schroeder et al.,
1967
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Losee et al. ,
1973
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
COBALT (continued)
Tissue
Testis
Thyroid
Trachea
Uterus
Vena cava
Range
0.14-0.15 yg/g wet wt.
<2-<2 yg/g ash
<2-3 yg/g ash
<2-4 yg/g ash
<2-<2 yg/g ash
Not given
Mean Level
Not given
<2 yg/g ash (median)
<2 yg/g ash (median)
<2 wg/g ash (median)
<2 yg/g ash (median)
0.025 ppm wet wt.
No. of
Cases
2
6 of 72
3 of 21
13 of 60
3 of 32
1
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
NAA
Comments
Autopsies.
Sudden accident victims.
Reference
Schroeder et al.,
1967
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Tipton et al. ,
1963
Koch et al. ,
1956
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
COPPER
Tissue
Adrenal
Aorta
Bladder
Bone
Range
Not given
0.4-7.9 mg/g dry wt.
160-250 yg/g ash
Not given
1.9-12.0 micromoles/g ash
0.79-2.20 micromoles/g asl
50-140 pg/g ash
Not given
76-180 yg/g ash
5.0-7.3 ug/g dry wt.
Not given
Not given
4.5 mg/g dry wt.
Mean Level
2 . 6 ppm wet wt .
4.2 mg/g dry wt.
200 yg/g ash (median)
3 . 5 ppm wet wt .
Not given
Not given
90 pg/g ash (median)
1.0 ppm wet wt.
110 yg/g ash (median)
6.6 + 1.74 yg/g dry wt.
0.410 and 1.190 mg/100
g wet wt.
0.4 ppm wet wt.
Not given
No. of
Cases
2
2
12
1
100
150
103
2
110
40
Not
given
1
1
Analytical
Method
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
ES
Colorimetry
ES
ES
ES
Colorimetry
ES
AAS
ES
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
Comments
Accident victims
Accident victims
None
None
None
Accident victims
None
None
Low value — rib bone; high
value — long bone
Sudden accident victims
None
Reference
Koch et al . ,
1956
Koch et al. ,
1957
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al. ,
1956
Perry, 1968
Perry et al. ,
1962
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al. ,
1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Janes et al. ,
1972
Kehoe et al . ,
1940
Koch et al. ,
1956
Koch et al. ,
1957
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
COPPER (continued)
Tissue
Blood
Range
Not given
0.0711-0.110 mg/100 ml
Not given
Not given
31-281 yg/100 ml
82-147 yg/100 ml
950-1280 yg/liter;
950-1420 yg/liter
Not given
Not given
16-348 mg/ml
Not given
Mean Level
144.60 +3.95 yg/100 ml;
172.14 + 4.76 yg/100 ml
0.0711 and 0.102 mg/100
ml
1.29 + 0.13 ppm
91.6 + 2.6 yg/100 ml;
107.4 + 5.1 yg/100 ml
100 yg/100 ml
107 pg/100 ml
1120 yg/liter;
1170 yg/liter
0.114 mg/100 g
98 yg/100 ml
89 mg/ml
6.40 yg/ml;
139 yg/100 ml
No. of
Cases
520
266
39
Not
given
100
164
48
Not
given
58
243
17
Analytical
Method
AAS
ES
X-ray spectrometry
ES
ASV
AAS
AAS
ES
Colorimetry
AAS
AAS
Comments
One-half sample from soft water
area (Kansas City, MO) and other
half from water area (Kansas City
KA, low value). Blood serum.
Patients, blood donors, and nor-
mal individuals, Los Angeles
area. Low value — serum; high
value — whole blood
Healthy males, mean age 35.3 yrs.
Blood serum.
Low value — males ; high value —
females
None
119 males and 45 females
Low values — male; high values —
female
None
Accident victims
Males
First value — liver blood; second
value — heart blood
Reference
Bierenbaum et
al., 1975
Butt et al. ,.
1964
Gofman et al. ,
1964
Hambridge and
Droegemueller ,
1974
Hecker et al . ,
1974
Henkin, 1971
Hohnadel et al . ,
1973
Kehoe et al.,
1940
Koch et al . ,
1956
Kubota et al. ,
1968
Owen et al. , 1977
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
COPPER (continued)
Tissue
Blood
(continued)
Brain
Range
Not given
91-128 ug/ml
12-67 mg/100 ml;
118-302 mg/100 ml
0.22-1.70 ug/100 g
Not given
Not given
Not given
19.3-35.1 mg/g dry wt.
Not given
4.7-10.0 micromoles/g ash
3.8-8.0 microraoles/g ash
Not given
Mean Level
1.2 yg/ml
111 ug/ml
36 mg/100 ml;
216 mg/100 ml
0.66 wg/100 g
142 + 24.82 ug/100 ml;
120.40 + 19.68 yg/100 ml
0.40 mg/100 g wet wt.
3.6 ppm wet wt.
30.0 mg/g dry wt.
1.23 + 0.16 mg/100 g;
2.07 + 0.16 mg/100 g
Not given
Not given
23.9 ug/g dry wt.
No. of
Cases
Not
given
6
27 pairs
60
558
Not
given
3
3
10 and 75
100
150
Not
given
Analytical
Method
Not given
AAS
Not given
AAS
AAS
ES
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
ES
ES
ES
Not given
Comments
Males. Red blood cell analysis
First value — umbilical cord
plasma; second value — maternal
plasma
White children ages 2 mos. to
13 yrs.
First value — 6 year-olds; second
value — 12 year-olds
None
Accident victims
None
First value — 0 to 3 mos . ; second
value — above 12 mos.
None
None
None
Reference
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Robbins et al. ,
1975
Scheinberg et
al., 1954
Smith, 1976
Tessmer et al. ,
1973
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Koch et al. ,
1956
Koch et al. ,
1957
Nusbaum et al. ,
1958
Perry, 1968
Perry et al. ,
1962
Rentoul and
Smith, 1974
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
COPPER (continued)
Tissue
Brain
(continued)
Diaphragm
Esophagus
Feces
Fetal
membranes
Hair
Range
240-500 yg/g ash
110-200 yg/g ash
Not given
84-200 yg/g ash
Not given
17.5-21.5 yg/100 g
7.8-234.0 ppm
Not given
1.01-144.0 yg/g;
2.22-184.0 yg/g
10.7-41.6 ppm;
11.4-61.4 ppm
Mean Level
360 yg/g ash (median)
140 yg/g ash (median)
3.5 ppm wet wt.
120 ug/g ash (median)
1.3 + 0.2 mg/day;
1.3 + 0.1 mg/day
Not given
34.1 ppm
17.9 ug/g; 13.0 ug/g;
10.9 ug/g
12.11 ug/g; 18.25 yg/g
22.6 ppm; 23.0 ppm
No. of
Cases
127
91
2
66
2
249
33
50
229 chil-
dren; 204
adults
50
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
Colorimetry
ES
ES
Not given
NAA
AAS
AAS
AAS
Comments
None
None
Accident victims
None
Healthy males, 23 and 25 yrs. old,
University of Cincinnati
Compared to specimens from lead
mining region; difference
insignificant
Children and adults, Oak Ridge,
Tenn.
From hospital delivery ward,
Cincinnati, Ohio; 68% black, 32%
white; values respectively for
maternal scalp hair, maternal
pubic hair and neonatal scalp
hair.
Three New York metropolitan com-
munity samples
Low values — males ; high values —
females
Reference
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al. ,
1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton et al. ,
1969
Fahim et al . ,
1976
Bates and Dyer,
1965 .
Baumslag et al.,
1974
Creason, 1975
Eads and Lambdin,
1973
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
COPPER (continued)
Tissue
Hair
(continued)
Heart
Range
0.00312-0.01280 % dry wt.
Not given
9.4-31.0 pg/g
Not given
16.0-19.5 yg/g
8-50 yg/g; 5-60 pg/g
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
3.4-8.5 micromoles/g ash
Mean Level
Not given
11.8, 12.6, 15.3, 22.5,
and 25.7 ppm
16.7 ug/g
13.27 yg/g
Not given
Not given
23.1 yg/g dry wt.
16.1 + 1.2 ug/g;
55.6 + 10.2 yg/g
70.7 + 0.9 yg/g
8.7 yg/g ash;
16.2 yg/g ash
0.190 mg/100 g wet wt.
2.35 + 0.27 mg/100 g;
1.83 + 0.09 mg/100 g
Not given
No. of
Cases
18
165
12
13
20
211
Not
given
L17 and 47
1
2
Not
given
21 and 137
100
Analytical
Method
ES
AAS
AAS
NAA
ES
AAS
Not given
AAS
AAS
AAS and MS
ES
ES
ES
Comments
White males, 15-70 years old
Fourth-grade boys from 5 cities
Both sexes , varied ages , and
diverse geographic areas
None
None
First values — males; second
values — females
None
No dyes or bleaches
None
None
None
First value — 0 to 3 mos.; second
value — above 12 mos .
None
Reference
Goldblum et al.,
1953
Hammer et al. ,
1971
Hinners et al. ,
1974
Mahler et al. ,
1970
Martin, 1964
Petering et al. ,
1971
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Schroeder and
Nason, 1969
Sorenson et al. ,
1973
Yurachek, 1969
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Nusbaum et al. ,
1958
Perry, 1968
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
COPPER (continued)
Tissue
Heart
(continued)
Intestine
Range
3.9-7.0 micromole/g ash
Not given
250-460 ug/g ash
Not given
Not given
9.5-46.3 mg/g dry wt.
160-420 ug/g ash
160-330 ug/g ash
170-400 ug/g ash
150-280 ug/g ash
150-340 ug/g ash
110-270 ug/g ash
Mean Level
Not given
16.5 ug/g dry wt.
350 ug/g ash (median)
0.110 mg/100 g wet wt.
0.4 and 4.0 ppm wet wt.
29.7 mg/g dry wt.
260 ug/g ash (median)
230 ug/g ash (median)
240 ug/g ash (median)
220 ug/g ash (median)
210 ug/g ash (median)
170 ug/g ash (median)
No. of
Cases
150
Not
given
140
Not
given
1 and 9
9
67
101
84
31
108
42
Analytical
Method
ES
Not given
ES
ES
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
None
None
None
None
Accident victims
None
Duodenum
Je j unum
lleum
Cecum
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
i
Reference
Perry et al . ,
1962
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Koch et al. ,
1956
Koch et al. ,
1957
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
COPPER (continued)
Tissue
Kidney
Larynx
Liver
Range
Not given
Not given
12.4-54.3 mg/g dry wt.
34-68 ug/g ash
Not given
3.1-16.0 micromoles/g ash
3.0-5.4 micromoles/g ash
Not given
190-340 yg/g ash
14-150 wg/g ash
Not given
Not given
1.85-63.0 mg/g dry tissue
Mean Level
0.166 mg/100 g wet wt.
4.1 ppm wet wt.
30.9 mg/g dry wt.
54 pg/g ash
2.63 + 0.34 mg/100 g;
0.84 mg/100 g; 1.77 +
0.09 mg/100 g
Not given
Not given
14.9 yg/g dry wt.
260 ug/g ash (median)
33 ug/g ash (median)
0.710 mg/100 g wet wt.
9.0 ppm wet wt..
41.2 mg/g dry tissue
No. of
Cases
Not
given
8
8
46
67, 3,
and 201
100
150
Not
given
143
50
Not
given
8
8
Analytical
Method
ES
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
AAS
ES
ES
ES
Not given
ES
ES
ES
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
Comments
None
Accident victims
None
None
First value — 0 to 3 mos.; second
value — 3 to 12 mos . ; and third
value — above 12 mos.
None
None
None
None
None
None
Accident victims
None
Reference
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Koch et al. ,
1956
Koch et al. ,
1957
Morgan, 1972
Nusbaum et al . ,
1958
Perry, 1968
Perry et al. ,
1962
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Koch et al. ,
1956
Koch et al . ,
1957
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
COPPER (continued)
Tissue
Liver
(continued)
Lung
'
TX-4907
7-24-78
Range
Not given
292-420 yg/g ash
Not given
3.5-8.9 yg/g wet wt.
7.7-32.0 micromoles/g ash
5.0-21.0 micromoles/g ash
Not given
Not given
320-1300 yg/g ash
Not given
Not given
Not given
10.5-27.8 mg/g dry wt.
Mean Level
408 yg/g ash
394 ug/g ash
32.49 + 1.91 mg/100 g;
2.35 mg/100 g; 2.76
mg/100 g
5.8 Mg/g wet wt.
Not given
Not given
1070 + 628 yg/g ash
25.5 wg/g dry wt.
510 yg/g ash (median)
5.3 + 1.3 ppm wet wt.
0.110 mg/100 g wet wt.
3.0 ppm wet wt.
17.7 mg/g dry wt.
No. of
Cases
Not
given
46
67, 3,
and 199
17
100
150
10
Not
given
148
7
Not
given
5
5
Analytical
Method
AAS
AAS
ES
AAS
ES
ES
ES
Not given
ES
ES or Chem.
ES
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
Comments
Males
None
First value — 0 to 3 mos . ; second
value — 3 to 12 mos.; and third
value — above 12 mos.
None
None
None
Males
None
None
None
Accident victims
j
Reference
Morgan, 1972
Morgan, 1972
Nusbaum et al . ,
1958
Owen et al . ,
1977
Perry, 1968
Perry et al. ,
1962
Perry et al. ,
1973
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Vallee et al. ,
1957
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Koch et al. ,
1956
Koch et al. ,
1957
-------
COPPER (continued)
Tissue
Lung
(continued)
Milk
Muscle
Nail
Range
Not given
1.6-8.5 micromoles/g ash
1.4-2.8 micromoles/g ash
500-2500 yg
92-180 yg/g ash
50-250 yg/g ash
Not given
Not given
Not given
8.0-50.3 mg/g dry wt.;
4.2-17.7 mg/g dry wt.
50-120 yg/g ash
0.00094-0.00810 % dry
tissue
17.32-91.53 yg/g;
42.59-170.00 yg/g
Mean Level
0.98 + 0.21 rag/100 g;
1.21 + 0.08 mg/100 g
Not given
Not given
120 yg/g ash (median)
130 yg/g ash
0.245 + 0.077 yg/ml
0.125 mg/100 g wet wt.
4.0 ppm wet wt.
31.0 mg/g dry wt.;
12.4 mg/g dry wt.
74 ug/g ash (median)
Not given
51.13 + 22.84 yg/g;
86.36 + 44.51 yg/g
No. of
Cases
6 and 72
100
150
168
141
141
50
Not
given
11
6 and 5
136
18
18
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
Not given
ES
ES
AAS
ES
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
ES
ES
NAA
Comments
First value — 0 to 3 mos . ;
second value — above 12 mos.
Autopsies from cities and non-
urhan areas
Autopsies, 9 cities
None
None
Accident victims
High values — cardiac muscle;
low values — striated muscle
None
White males, 15-70 years old
Low values — adults; high values -
children
Reference
Nusbaum et al. ,
1958
Perry, 1968
Perry et al. ,
1962
Schroeder, 1970
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Tipton et al. ,
1964
Picciano, 1976
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Koch et al. ,
1956
Koch et al. ,
1957
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Goldblum et al. ,
1953
Kanabrocki et al.,
1968
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
COPPER (continued)
Tissue
Nail
(continued)
Ovary
Omentum
Pancreas
Placenta
Prostate
' -
Range
Not given
7.7-7.8 ug/g;
10.6-14.8 ug/g
85-180 ug/g ash
110-280 yg/g ash
Not given
5.7-27.0 mg/g dry wt.
92-210 ug/g ash
Not given
Not given
17.0-22.0 ug/100 g
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
13.27 ug/g
Not given
120 ug/g ash (median)
190 ug/g ash (median)
2.8 ppm wet wt.
12.2 mg/g dry wt.
140 pg/g ash (median)
14.40 + 12.58
micromoles/g dry wt.
8.13 + 0.54-28.54 + 2.54
micromoles/g
Not given
1.598 + 0.177 ug/g wet
wt.
7.4 ppm wet wt.
No. of
Cases
13
20
16
75
4
4
138
554
554
249
58
4
Analytical
Method
NAA
ES
ES
ES
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
ES
AAS
AAS
Not given
Not given
Colorimetry
Comments
None
Low values — toe nails; high
values — finger nails
None
None
Accident victims
None
None
One year collection from normal
deliveries, Houston, Tx.
Seasonal variation
Compared to specimens from lead
mining region; difference
insignificant
City hospitals in South and
Southeast
Accident victims
Reference
Mahler et al . ,
1970
Martin, 1964
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al. ,
1956
Koch et al. ,
1957
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Dawson, 1969
Dawson et al . ,
1968
Fahim et al. ,
1976
Karp and
Robertson, 1977
Koch et al . ,
1956
TX-4907
7-2A-78
-------
COPPER (continued)
Tissue
Prostate
(continued)
Saliva
Skin
Spleen
Stomach
Range
57-140 yg/g ash
2.93-15.61 yg/100 ml
0.00074-0.00880 % dry wt.
80-150 yg/g ash
Not given
Not given
4.9-13.4 mg/g dry wt.
Not given
1.2-3.8 micromoles/g ash
1.1-2.0 micromoles/g ash
67-120 yg/g ash
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
100 yg/g ash (median)
7.53 + 3.45 yg/100 ml
Not given
100 yg/g ash (median)
0.085 mg/100 g wet wt.
2.0 ppm wet wt.
9.2 mg/g dry wt.
3.06 + 1.45 mg/100 g;
1.03 + 0.15 mg/100 g
Not given
Not given
89 yg/g ash (median)
0.107 mg/100 mg wet wt.
5.0 ppm wet wt.
No. of
Cases
50
21
18
22
Not
given
5
5
8 and 73
100
150
143
Not
given
4
Analytical
Method
ES
NAA
ES
ES
ES
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Colorimetry
Comments
None
None
White males, 15-70 years old
None
None
Accident victims
None
First value — 0 to 3 mos . ; second
value — above 12 mos.
None
None
None
None
Accident victims
Reference
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Kanabrocki et
al., 1965
Goldblum et al. ,
1953
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Koch et al. ,
1956
Koch et al. ,
1957
Nusbaum et al . ,
1958
Perry, 1968
Perry et al. ,
1962
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Koch et al. ,
1956
TX-4907
7-24-7S
-------
COPPER (continued)
Tissue
Stomach
(continued)
Sweat
Teeth
Testls
Thyroid
Trachea
Umbilical cord
Urine
Range
13.3-25.4 mg/g dry wt.
30-1440 yg/liter;
590-2280 yg/liter
Not given
0.07-208.0 yg/g
Not given
58-110 yg/g ash
Not given
43-240 yg/g ash
25-96 yg/g ash
16.5-22.0 yg/100 g
Not given
Mean Level
19.8 mg/g dry wt.
550 + 350 yg/liter;
1480 + 610 yg/liter
0.51 + 0.06 ppm
6.80 + 4.01 yg/g
2.6 ppm wet wt.
80 yg/g ash (median)
2.6 ppm wet wt.
94 yg/g ash (median)
56 yg/g ash (median)
Not given
0.028 mg/1
No. of
Cases
4
48
208
56
3
71
8
20
60
249
Not
given
Analytical
Method
Colorimetry
AAS
MS
MS
Colorimetry
ES
Colorimetry
ES
ES
Not given
NAA
Comments
None
Low values — male; high values —
female
Teeth samples from <20 year-olds .
Enamel. Correlation of high
caries with high level; low
caries with low level.
<20 year-olds
Accident victims
None
Accident victims
None
None
Compared to specimens from lead
mining region; difference
insignificant
None
Reference
Koch et al. ,
1957
Hohnadel et al . ,
1973
Curzon and
Losee, 1977
Losee et al.,
1973
Koch et al. ,
1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al. ,
1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Farhim et al. ,
1976
Gills et al.,
1974
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
COPPER (continued)
Tissue
Urine
(continued)
Uterus
Vena cava
Range
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
73-130 Mg/g ash
Not given
Mean Level
50.37 + 11.14 vs/ day
0.034 mg/1
0.04 pg/ml
0.022 + 0.003 mg/day;
0.042 + 0.013 mg/day
98 yg/g ash (median)
5.2 ppm wet wt.
No. of
Cases
16
Not
given
Not
given
2
32
2
Analytical
Method
NAA and Colorimetry
ES
Not given
ES
ES
Colorimetry
Comments
None
None
None
Healthy males, 23 and 25 years
old, University of Cincinnati
None
Accident victims
Reference
Ksnabrocki et al.,
1965
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Tip ton et al. ,
1969
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al. ,
1956
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
p,p'-DDA
Tissue
Urine
Range
8.1-19.0 ppb
Mean Level
14.2 ppb
No. of
Cases
12
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
Comments
General population, Florida
Reference
Cranmer et al. ,
1969
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
ODD
Tissue
Adipose
Adrenal
Blood
Range
Not Given
Not Given
0.21-0.34 ppm
0.09-0.99 ppm
0.0-1.84 ppm
0.0-1.2 ppm
Not Given
(a) 0.0029-0.0199 ppm
(b) 0.0015-0.0066 ppm
(c) 0.0018-0.0425 ppm
(d) 0.0078-0.0319 ppm
(e) 0.0057-0.0448 ppm
(f) 0.032-0.0150 ppm
2.0-5.5 ppb
0.5-2.4 ppb
0.0-27.0 ppb
0.0-4.0 ppb
Mean Level
0.10 ± 0.11 ppm
(a) 0.02 ppm
(b) 0.08 ppm
(c) 0.03 ppm
Not Given
0.45 ppm
Not Given
0.10 PPm
0.94 ppm of extracted
lipid
(a) 0.0083 ppm .
(b) 0.0037 ppm
(c) 0.0121 ppm
(d) 0.0139 ppm
(e) 0.0189 ppm
(f) 0.0079 ppm
Not Given
1.58 (geometric mean)
0.24 ppb
0.10 ppb
No. of
Cases
221
30 of 44
215
25
332
202
18 of 44
20
350 pairs
53 pairs
1000
202
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
CC and GC-EC
GC-EC
GC
GC-EC
GC-EC
CC and GC-EC
GC
GC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
Comments
Texas agricultural area
(a) Perirenal fat
(b) Mesenteric fat
(c) Panniculus fat
Autopsies Dade County, Florida;
diseased and normals
New Orleans, Louisiana
Autopsies Miami, Florida;
diseased and normal
Surgical biopsies in Idaho
General population of Hawaii;
autopsies ages 28 wk.-88 yr.
(a) Plasma, males
(b) Plasma, females
'(c) Red blood cells, males
(d) Red blood cells, females
(e) Whole blood, males
(f) Whole blood, females
Mother-infant pairs in Mississippi
Louisiana housewives; general
population; maternal blood
General population of Idaho
Surgical biopsies in Idaho
Reference
Burns, 1974
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Deichmann et al.,
1968
Hayes et al . ,
1965
Radomski et al.,
1968
Wyllie et al.,
1972
Casaret, et al. ,
1968
Dale et al., 1967
D'Ercole et al. ,
1976
Selby et al. ,
1969
Watson et al. ,
1970
Wyllie et al.,
1972
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
DDD
Tissue
Bone
Brain
Gonad
Humman tissue
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Lymph nodes
Milk
Placenta
Spleen
Range
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
1.0-76 ppb
Not Given
Not Given
0.08-0.40 ±0.10 ppm
Not Given
Not Given
0.04-0.30 mg/kg (fat)
Trace-5.0 ppb (fat)
0.1-17.2 ppb
Not Given
Mean Level
1.45 ppm of extracted
lipid
0.22 ppm of extracted
lipid
0.18 ppm of extracted
lipid
Not Given
0.12 ppm of extracted
lipid
2.43 ppm of extracted
lipid
Not Given
0.05 ppm of extracted
lipid
0.03 ppm of extracted
lipid
0.17 mg/kg
0.70 mg/kg
0.62 (geometric mean)
0.49 ppm of extracted
lipid
No. of
Cases
30 of 44
32 of 44
36 of 44
115
38 of 44
42 of 44
332
25 of 44
11 of 44
53
40
53 pairs
27 of 44
Analytical
Method
CC and GC-EC
CC and GC-EC
CC and GC-EC
GC-EC
CC and GC-EC
CC and GC-EC
GC-EC
CC and GC-EC
CC and GC-EC
GC
GC
GC-EC
CC and GC-EC
Comments
General population in Hawaii;
autopsies ages 28 wk.-88 yr.;
>one marrow
General population of Hawaii;
autopsies ages 28 wk.-88 yr.
General population of Hawaii;
autopsies ages 28 wk.-88 yr.
General population in Hawaii
General population of Hawaii;
autopsies ages 28 wk.-88 yr.
General population of Hawaii;
autopsies ages 28 wk.-88 yr.
Autopsies Miami, Florida; diseased
and normal
General population of Hawaii;
autopsies ages 28 wk.-88 yr.
General population of Hawaii;
autopsies ages 28 wk.-88 yr.
Nursing mothers in Pennsylvania
Females , rural Colorado
Louisiana housewives; general
population
General population of Hawaii;
autopsies ages 28 wk.-88 yr.
Reference
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Klemmer et al. ,
1977
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Radomski et al. ,
1968
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Kroger, 1972
Savage et al . ,
1973
Selby et al. ,
1969
Casaret et al. ,
1968
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
DDD
Tissue
Urine
Range
0.25-0.43 ppb
Mean Level
0.34 ppb
No. of
Cases
12
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
Comments
General population in Florida
Reference
Cranmer et al . ,
1969
TX-A907
7-24-78
-------
o,p' - DDE
Tissue
Adipose
Blood
Red blood
cells
Range
0.05-0.53 ppm
<0. 0003-0. 0085 and
<0. 0003-0. 0025 ppm
<0. 0006-0. 0096 and
<0. 0006-0. 002 3 ppm
<0. 0007-0. 0031 and
<0. 0003-0. 0039 ppm
Mean Level
0.29 ppm
0.0021 and 0.0010 ppm
0.0036 and 0.0012 ppm
0.0012 and 0.0016 ppm
No. of
Cases
25
10 M
10 F
10 M
10 F
10 M
10 F
Analytical
Method
GC
GC
GC
GC
Comments
New Orleans, 1964
Men and women, general population.
Whole
Men and women, general population.
Plasma
Men and women, general population.
Reference
Hayes et al . ,
1965
Dale et al. ,
1967
Dale et al. ,
1967
Dale et al. ,
1967
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
p,p'-DDE
Tissue
Adipose
Range
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
1.9-13.2 ppm
0.44-23.4 ppm
Not Given
0.9-13.80 ppm
3.5-20.8 ppm
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Mean Level
17.37 ± 10.90 ppm
4.40 ppm, whole tissue
10.26 ppm, fat
4.48 ppm, whole tissue
9.86 ppm, fat
4.64 ppm, whole tissue
11.47 ppm, fat
6.92 ppm
Not Given
5.5 ppm
Not Given
5.5 ppm
10.5 ppm
6.69 ppm
7.33-17.91 ppm
(a) 7.4 ± 2.8 and 3.4 ±
1.0 ppm
(b) 8.4 ± 2.9 and 3.5 ±
1.0 ppm
(c) 9.3 ± 1.4 and 5.9 ±
1.4
No. of
Cases
221
29
30
30
11
159
90
35
90
11
42
173
L43 males
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EG
GC-EG
GC-EC
3C-EC
5C-EC
3C-EC
3C
Comments
Agricultural area, Texas; tissues
from surgery, 1969-72
Autopsies, Hawaii; 28 wks.-88 yrs.
Mesenteric
Autopsies, Hawaii; 28 wks.-88 yrs.
Panniculus
Autopsies, Hawaii; 28 wks.-88 yrs.
Perirenal
Autopsies, Florida
Autopsies, Florida; general popu-
lation
Autopsies, Florida, whites and
blacks, respectively
Controls for anticonvulsant
:herapy study
Controls for experiment on reduc-
tion of pesticide residues with
liphenylhydantodn
\utopsies; controls
Sange of means, various diseases.
(Hypertension high)
(a) Female smokers, black and
rtiite
(b) Female nonsmokers, black and
jhite
(c) Male smokers, black and white
Reference
Burns, 1974
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Davies et al. ,
1965
Davies et al. ,
1968
Davies, 1969
Davies et al. ,
1969
Davies et al. ,
1971
Deichmann et al. ,
1968
Domanski et al.,
1977
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
p,p'-DDE
Tissue
Adipose
Range
Not Given
2-13 ppm
0.56-21.17 ppm
2.6-21.7 ppm
Not Given
0-56.1 ppm
0.1-0.4 ppm
n.d.-49 ppm
Not Given
1.7-30.8 ppm
3.66 ± 7.64 to 19.27 ± 6.3!
range of means in various (
malignancy highest.
1.8-13.5 yg/g
Mean Level
(d) 11.6 ± 2.8 and 4.3
1.5 ppm
6.1 ppm
6.85 ppm
12.5 ppm
7.4 ± 5.3 ppm
7.0 ppm
Not Given
Not Given
4.58 ppm
7 . 8 ppm
ppm (normals 6.69 ± 4.07^
iseases; metastatic
5.1 ug/g
No. of
Cases
143
males
61
25
43
282
994
3
50
70
130
; 332
64
Analytical
Method
GC
Colorlmetry
GC
Colorimetry
GC
GC
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
GC-EC
Cologimetry
GC-EC
3C-EC
Comments
(d) Male nonsmokers, black and
white
Smoking may induce enzymes which
metabolize DDT!
General population, U.S. 1954
People in New Orleans
Prison inmates, before experimen-
tal oral doses of DDT. 1956
Study of progression of storage
of DDT metabolites in general
population. 1963
Autopsies; no outstanding dif-
ferences between normals and
persons dying of a variety of
diseases
Autopsy tissues from 1938-40
Autopsy tissues, 1952
Autopsies, Arizona, 1966-68
93% biopsy, 7% autopsy; general
population, U.S., 1961-62
iutopsies, Florida, 1964-67
\utopsy tissues
Reference
Domanski et al . ,
Hayes et al. ,
1956
Hayes et al . ,
1965
Hayes et al. ,
1971
Hoffman et al. ,
1964
Hoffman et al. ,
1967
Mattson et al. ,
1953
Morgan and Roan,
1970
Quinby et al. ,
Radomski et al . ,
1968
Rappolt and Hale,
1968
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
p,p'-DDE
Tissue
Adipose
(continued)
Adrenal
Bile
Blood
Range
Not Given
0.2-30 ppb
Not Given
Not Given
0.5-5.1 ppb
6.75-34.83 ppb
Not Given
0.0045-0.0235 ppm
0.0069-0.0499 ppm
0.0055-0.0475 ppm
0.0062-0.0367 ppm
0.0068-0.0107 ppm
0.0101-0.0416 ppm
0.0039-0.0344 ppm
2-54 ppb
Not Given
Not Given
Mean Level
5.0 ppm
7.2 ppb
0.87 ppm, whole Tissue
8.57 ppm, fat
2.3 ppb
20.56 ppb
0.0152 ppm
0.0114 ppm
0.0257 ppm
0.0198 ppm
0.0178 ppm
0.0088 ppm
0.0257 ppm
0.0135 ppm
Not Given
8 ppm
16 ppm
No. of
Cases
103
202
18
18
5
960
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
119
68
51
Analytical
Method
GC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
Comments
Utah, 1967-70
141 females, 61 males, surgical
tissues, Idaho, 1970
Autopsies, Hawaii. 28 wks.- 88 yrs
Elderly men; evidence of
excretion of pesticide metabolite!
by liver
Michigan counties, 1968-70
Women with no occupational
exposure to insecticides. Serum
Blood
Plasma
Serum
Extension of above study
Males, general population
Females, general population
Males, general population. Plasma
Females, general population.
Plasma
General population, Florida
General population, Florida,
1967-68; whites and blacks
respectively
Reference
Warnick, 1972
Wyllie et al. ,
1972
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Paschal et al. ,
1974
Bloomer et al. ,
1977
Dale et al. , 196<
Meeting abstract
Dale et al., 196(
Dale et al. , 196'
Davies et al. ,
1968
Davies et al
1969
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
p,p'-DDE
Tissue
Blood
TX-4907
7-24-78
Range
(a) 1-78 ppb
(b) 18-67 ppb
(c) 3-163 ppb
(d) 4-180 ppb
1-55 ppb
Not given
6.1-114.0 ppb
10-41 ppb; 2-7 ppb
Not given
1-130 ppb
6.6-34.4 ppb; 2-13 ppb
Not given
0.0-25.9 yg/g fat
Mean Level
(a) 24.3 ppb
(b) 31.2 ppb
(c) 35.3 ppb
(d) 46.8 ppb
9.1 ppb
(a) 90 ppb
(b) 30 ppb
(c) 35 ppb
(d) 20 ppb
39.5 ppb
21 ppb; 3 ppb
24.6 ± 14.2 ppb;
55.2 ± 29.5 ppb
16.4 ppb
19.5 ppb; 5.8 ppb
15.72 ± 6.51 ppb
5.1 yg/g fat
No. of
Cases
800
199
209
pairs
130
pairs
28
9; 14
96; 96
1619
23; 44
8
10
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC
GC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC
GC
GC-EC
GC-EC
Comments
(a) Whites, higher social class
(b) Blacks, higher social class
(c) Whites, lower social class
(d) Blacks, lower social class
Controls for anticonvulsant
therapy study
(a) mothers, Black
(b) newborn, Black
(c) mothers, White
(d) newborn, White
Agricultural area, 1972, Miss.
Serum.
Rural and urban areas. Texas -
relation to DDE in milk. Serum.
Study of release of DDE by tissue
wasting and stress, patients and
nonpatients, respectively.
White children, age 6-9 yrs.,
1970, S.C.; Black children, age
6-9 yrs., S.C. Plasma.
1130 subjects from urban Honolulu;
489 from rural Lanai. 1968-1970.
Serum .
Premature infants, Florida;
Term infants, Florida
Florida
Newborns (fetal cord)
Reference
Davies et al. ,
1973
Davies et al. ,
1969
D'Ercole et al. ,
1976
Dyment et al. ,
1971
Hesselberg and
Scherr, 1974
Keil et al. ,
1972
Klemmer et al. ,
1973
O'Leary et al. ,
1970
Radomski et al . ,
1970
Rappolt and Hale,
1968
-------
p,p'-DDE (continued)
Tissue
Blood
(continued)
Brain
Range
Not given
0.3-32.4 ppb
0.005-0.022 ppm
Not given
0-383 ppb, males
1-121 ppb, females
26-78 ppb
23-98 ppb
2-70 ppb
Not given
0.13-0.57 ppm
Not given
Mean Level
25.4 26.7 ppb
2.65 ppb (geometric
mean)
0.011 ppm
19.8 ppb
22.0 ppb
18.8 ppb
45.5 ppb
57.5 ppb
15.5 ppb
0.0831 ppm
1.59 ppm
0.30 ppm
0.084 ppm
No. of
Cases
3568
53
pairs
40
1417
1000
24
24
202
32;
32
11
70
Analytical
Method
Not given
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
Comments
Hawaii, community at large,
1969-70. Presence of p,p'-DDE
may stimulate synthesis or
release of cholesterol in liver,
leading to an elevated serum
cholesterol. Serum.
53 mothers, Louisiana.
36 rural, 16 urban, 1966-67
Eskimo children, age 6-17 yrs.,
20 males, 20 females. 1972.
Maternal blood.
Utah, 1967-70. Serum.
Idaho, 1967-68, ages 3-90 yrs.
Goes up with age. Serum.
Male agricultural workers, Idaho,
1970 and 1970, respectively.
Serum.
141 females, 61 males, surgical
patients, Idaho, 1970. Serum.
Whole tissue and fat, respec-
tively; autopsies, Hawaii, 28
wks. - 88 yrs.
Autopsies , Florida
Autopsies, Arizona, 1966-68
Reference
Rashad et al. ,
1976
Selby et al. ,
1969
Serat et al. ,
1977
Warnick, 1972
Watson et al. ,
Watson et al. ,
1973
Wyllie et al. ,
1972
Casaret et al. ,
Davies et al. ,
1965
Morgan and
Roan, 1970
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
p,p'-DDE (continued)
Tissue
Brain
(continued)
Gonad
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Range
Trace to 0.20 ± 0.18 ppm
range of means in variou
outstanding.
Not given
0.03-0.66 ppm
Not given
0.08-1.2 ppm
Not given
Not given
0.11-4.8 ppm
Not given
0.29 to 2.44 ± 9.16 ppm
range of means in variou
malignancy highest.
Not given
Mean Level
(normals 0.12 ± 0.19);
s diseases, no disease
0.068 ppm
7.78 ppm
0.27 ppm
0.209 ppm
6.32 ppm
0.35 ppm
0.133 ppm
0.200 ppm
12.93 ppm
1.01 ppm
0.432 ppm
(normals 0.35 ± 0.01);
3 diseases. Metastatic
0.0585 ppm
8.78 ppm
No. of
Cases
332
36
36
11
38
38
11
70
42
42
11
70
332
25
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
Comments
Autopsies, Florida, 1964-67
Autopsies, Hawaii, 28 wks. - 88
yrs. Whole tissue and fat,
respectively.
Autopsies, Florida
Autopsies, Hawaii, 28 wks. - 88
yrs. Whole tissue and fat,
respectively.
Autopsies, Florida
Autopsies, Arizona, 1966-68
Autopsies, Hawaii, 28 wks. - 88
yrs. Whole tissue and fat,
respectively.
Autopsies, Florida
Autopsies, Arizona, 1966-68
Autopsies, Florida, 1964-67
Autopsies, Hawaii, 28 wks. - 88
yrs. Whole tissue and fat,
respectively.
Reference
Radomski et al.
1968
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Davies et al. ,
1965
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Davies et al. ,
1965
Morgan and
Roan, 1970
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Davies et al. ,
1965
Morgan and
Roan, 1970
Radomski et al ,
1968
Casaret et al. ,
1968
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
p,p'-DDE (continued)
Tissue
Lymph nodes
tracheo-
bronchial
Marrow, bone
Milk
Placenta
Red blood
cells
Range
Not given
Not given
13,4-236.0 ppb
0.074-0.214 ppm
0.63-4.05 mg/kg fat
<0.3-4.5 ppm
19-386 ppb
125-214,166 ppb
0.01-1.72 ppm
1.8-13.5 pg/g fat
0.6-65.8 ppb
0.0024-0.0137 ppm
Mean Level
1.38 ppm
8.31 ppm
2.08 ppm
18.47 ppm
84.1 ppb
Not given
2.32 mg/kg fat
1.4 ppm, fat basis
111.6 ppb, fat basis
3,520.9 ppb, fat basis
0.227 ppm '
5.0 ug/g fat
10.42 ppb (geometric
mean)
0.0063 ppm
No. of
Cases
11
11
19
30
28
6
53
10
40
1434
57
39
53
10
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC
GC-EC
GC
Colorimetry
GC
GC-EC
GC-EC; GC/MS
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
Comments
Autopsies, Hawaii, 28 wks. - 88
yrs. Whole tissue and fat,
respectively
Autopsies, Hawaii, 28 wks. - 88
yrs. Whole tissue and fat,
respectively.
Mothers in rural and urban areas
in Texas. Milk higher than
blood. Hazard for infant.
Mothers in Arizona, 1972
Nursing mothers, Philadelphia
area, 1970.
Normal mothers, 4 cities, 1960-61
Normal mothers, rural Colorado,
1971-72
Five areas, national study.
1975-76
Mothers from Arkansas and
Mississippi, 1973-74.
Newborns from 52 mothers,
Louisiana, 1966-67, 36 rural,
16 urban
Emphasis on methodology
Reference
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Dyment et al . ,
1971
Hagyard et al . ,
1973
Kroger, 1972
Quinby et al . ,
1965
Savage et al. ,
1973
Savage, 1976
Strassman and
Kutz, 1977
Rappolt and Hale ,
1968
Selby et al. ,
1969
Dale et al. ,
1966
TX-4907
7-2A-78
-------
Tissue
Red blood
cells
(continued)
Spleen
Urine
Range
0.0046-0.0138 ppm
0.0061-0.0151 ppm
Not given
0.41-0.55 ppb
Mean Level
0.0090 ppm
0.0091 ppm
0.0305 ppm
6.05 ppm
0.42 ppb
p,p'-DDE
No. of
Cases
20
27
27
12
(continued)
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
Comments
10 males and 10 females, respec-
tively; general population
Autopsies, Hawaii, 28 wks. - 88
yrs. Whole tissue and fat,
respectively.
General population, Florida
Reference
Dale et al. , 1967
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Cranmer et al. ,
1969
TX—W/
-------
o,p'-DDT
Tissue
Adipose
Bile
Blood
Milk
Range
Not Given
<0. 01-0. 67 ppm
0.0-1.0 ppm
0.0-0.2 ppb
(a) 0.0014-0.0129 ppm
(b) 0.0014-0.0039 ppm
(c) 0.0025-0.0054 ppm
(d) <0. 0003-0. 0037 ppm
(e) 0.0014-0.0336 ppm
(f) 0.0016-0.0065 ppm
Not Given
(a) <0. 000 1-0. 0036 ppm
(b) 0.0005-0.0017 ppm
(c) 0.0002-0.0002 ppm
(d) 0.0003-0.0014
0.5-6.0 ppb
0.4-2.0 ppb
0.7-2". 2 ppb
0.0-2.0 ppb
0.003-0.036 ppm
Trace-13.0 ppb (fat)
Mean Level
0.24 ±0.28 ppm
0.06 ppm
0.10 ppm
0.06 ppb
(a) 0.0060 ppm
(b) 0.0024 ppm
(c) 0.0044 ppm
(d) 0.0022 ppm
(e) 0.0082 ppm
(f) 0.0033 ppm
0.0016 ppm
(a) 0.0013 PP"
(b) 0.0010 PP»>
(c) 0.0004 PP"
(d) 0.0009 PP™
Not Given
Not Given
<0.1 ppb
Not Given
1.8 ppb, fat basis
No. of
Cases
221
25
202
5
20
10
10
350 pairs
8
202
6
40
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC
GC-EC
GC-EC
sc
GC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC
Comments
Texas agricultural area
General population in Louisiana
Surgical biopsies in Idaho
Elderly men; bile duct drainage;
evidence of excretion by liver
(a) Plasma, males
(b) Plasma, females
(c) Red blood cells, males
(d) Red blood cells, females
(e) Whole blood, males
(f) Whole blood, females
Females, no occupational exposure.
(a) Plasma
(b) Whole blood
(c) Red blood cells
(d) Serum
Mother- infant pairs in Mississippi
Serum
From pesticide use
Females, rural Colorado
Reference
Burns et al. ,
1974
Hayes et al.,
1965
Wyllie et al. ,
1972
Paschal et al. ,
1974
Dale et al. , 1967
Dale et al. , 1966
Dale et al., 1966
D'Ercole et al. ,
1976
Radomski et al . ,
1971
Wyllie et al. ,
1972
Hagyard et al. ,
1973
Savage et al. ,
1973
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
o,p'-DDT
Tissue
Milk
(continued)
Range
<1. 0-6333. 3 ppb
Mean Level
191.1 ppb, fat basis
No. of
Cases
920
of
1436
Analytical
Method
EC-EC
Comments
Nursing mothers; fat basis
Reference
Savage 1976
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
p,p'-DDT
Tissue
Adipose
Bile
Blood
Range
Not given
Not given
0.15-5.99 ppm
0.0-7.7 ± 8.0 ppm
0.1-30.3 ug/g
0.1-6.6 ppb
0.0-0.7 ppb
6.75-34.83 ppb
(a) 0.0114-0.0490 ppm
(b) 0.0024-0.0164 ppm
(c) 0.0030-0.0343 ppm
(d) 0.0023-0.0265 ppm
(e) 0.0068-0.0844 ppm
(f) 0.0057-0.0199 ppm
(a) 0.0034-0.0305 ppm
(b) 0.0024-0.0106 ppm
(c) 0.0008-0.0049 ppm
(d) 0.0042-0.0290 ppm
Mean Level
3.48 ± 2.54 ppm
(a) 2.5 ±1.1 ppm
(b) 0.8 ±0.2 ppm
(c) 2.4 ±0.8 ppm
(d) 0.8 ± 0.4 ppm
L.73 ppm
tot given
4.8 Pg/g
L.9 ppb
9.32 ppb
20.56 ppb
(a) 0.0253 ppm
(b) 0.0086 ppm
(c) 0.0153 ppm
(d) 0.0136 ppm
(e) 0.0248 ppm
(f) 0.0131 ppm
(a) 0.0119 ppm
(b) 0.0058 ppm
(c) 0.0026 ppm
(d) 0.0105 ppm
No. of
Cases
221
143
25
332
64
202
5
960
20
10
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC
GC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC
GC-EC
Comments
Agricultural area; Mexican-
Americans higher content
(a) female, black
(b) female, white
(c) male, black
(d) male, white
General population in Los Angeles
Autopsies, Miami, Florida;
diseased and normal
Autopsies
Surgical biopsies in Idaho
Elderly men - bile duct drainage.
Evidence of excretion by liver
County of residence most signi-
.ficant factor; increase with age
(a) plasma, males
(b) plasma, females
(c) red blood cells, males
(d) red blood cells, females
(e) whole blood, males
(f) whole blood, females
(a) plasma
(b) whole blood
(c) red blood cells
(d) serum
Reference
Burns, 1974
Domanski et al. ,
1977
Hayes et al. ,
1965
ladomski et al. ,
L968
Rappolt and Hale,
1968
Hyllie et al., 1972
?aschal et al. ,
1974
Bloomer et al. ,
1977
Dale et al. , 1966
Dale et al. , 1966
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
p.p'-DDT'(continued)
Tissue
Blood
(continued)
Range
Not given
<2. 0-23.0 and 3.0-53.0
ppb
2.0-20.0 ppb
0.5-23.9 ppb
0.0-27 ppb
(a) 3.6-8.9 ppb
(b) 5.6-16.5 ppb
Not given
Not given
(a) 3.0-18.0 ppb
(b) 4.0-40.0 ppb
0.0-80.0 ppb
0.0-14.0 ppb
Mean Level
0.0077 ppm
5.1 and 10.4 ppb
Not given
9.7 ppb
3.91 ppb
4.18 ± 1.83 ppb
4.18 ± 1.83 ppb
5.1 ± 5.1 ppb
(a) 8.5 ppb
(b) 13.4 ppb
4 . 7 ppb
4.0 ppb
No. of
Cases
10
800
350
pairs
28
1619
8
28
3568
24
1000
202
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC
GC
GC
GC
GC-EC
Not given
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
Comments
Females, no occupational
exposure
General population, Dade County,
Florida, increase with age,
blacks higher levels. Serum.
Mother-infant pairs
Rural and urban areas in Texas
Urban and rural in Hawaii
(a) whole blood
(b) plasma
Autopsies and lab workers, Miami,
Florida
General population in Hawaii.
Serum
Male adults, ages 33-68 yrs.
Serum, (a) 1970, (b) 1971
General population in Idaho
Surgical biopsies in Idaho
Reference
Dale et al. ,
1966
Davies et al. ,
1973
D'Ercole et al. ,
1976
Dyment et al. ,
1971
Klemmer et al. ,
1973
Radomski et al. ,
1971
Radomski et al. ,
1971
Rashad et al. ,
1976
Watson et al. ,
1973
Watson et al. ,
1970
Wyllie et al. ,
1972
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
p.p'-DDT
Tissue
Brain
Liver
Milk
Urine
Range
0.0-0.04 ± 0.01 ppm
0.0-0.53 ± 0.14 ppm
4.0-47.8 ppb
0.017-0.383 ppm
<1. 0-34, 369. 3 ppb
7.0-109.0 ppb
0.01-0.84 ppm
8.1-19.0 ppb
Mean Level
Not given
Not given
23.4 ppb
Not given
552.7 ppb
20.8 ppb
0.092 ppm
14.2 ppb
No. of
Cases
332
332
28
6
1436
40
57
221
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC
GC-EC; GC/MS
GC-EC
Comments
Autopsies, Miami, Florida;
diseased and normal
Autopsies, Miami, Florida;
diseased and normal
Rural and urban areas in Texas
From pesticide use
11 of 1436, none detected. Fat
basis.
Females, rural county. Fat
basis.
Mississippi and Arkansas females
General population in Florida
Reference
Radomskl et al. ,
1968
Radomski et al. ,
1968
Dyment et al. ,
1971
Hagyard et al. ,
1973
Savage, 1976
Savage et al. ,
1973
Strassman and
Kutz, 1977
Cranmer et al. ,
1969
TX-A907
7-24-78
-------
DDT
Tissue
Adipose
Range
Not given
0.9-4.2 ppm
2.11-6.54 ppm
2-12 ppm
2.0-12.5 ppm
0-20 ppm
0-19.0 ppm
Not applicable
0-34.0 ppm
<0.1-34 ppm
0-40 ppm
0.3-0.6 ppm
Mean Level
0.8-7.4 ppm
0.21 ppm
Not given
4.9 ppm
5.0 ppm
2.9 ppm
2.6 ppm
17 ppm
5.1 ppm
5.3 ppm
Not given
Not given
No. of
Cases
Not given
11
215
61
43
282
994
1
35
75
50
3
Analytical
Method
Not given
GC-EC
GC-EC
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
GC
GC
Chemical
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
Comments
USA, 1955 to 1967
Control group
Autopsies, Florida
1954-1956, general population
Prison inmates, 24-29 years; 1956
Autopsies; Chicago; 1963
Autopsies; 1962-1967
1948; Subject: male, 37, had
worked experimentally with DDT
and consumed it in food
especially milk.
Appears to be first report of
DDT in human milk and fat from
nonoccupational exposure
Follow-up of Laug et al., 1950
Samples taken in 1952
Samples taken in 1938-40
Reference
Bevenue, 1967
Davis et al . ,
1971
Deichmann et. al. ,
1968
Hayes et al. ,
1956
Hayes et al . ,
1971
Hoffman et al. ,
1964
Hoffman et al. ,
1967
Howell, 1948
Note date: DDT
previously found
in tissues of
cattle
Laug et al. ,
1950
Laug et al. , 1951
Mattson et al. ,
1953
Mattson et al. ,
1953
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
DDT (continued)
Tissue
Adipose
(continued)
Adrenal
Blood
(Plasma)
(Plasma)
Range
Not given
0.7-25.4 ppm
2.2-31.0 ppm
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
3-29 and 3-92 ppb;
3-28 and 2-47 ppb
2-94 ppb
0.2-32.3 ppb
Mean Level
1 . 54 ppm
4.0 ppm
8.8 ppm
1.5 ppm
0.98 ppm, fat
0.125 ppm, whole tissue
5.76 ppb
6.6 + 6.5 ppb
18.5 + 11.0 ppb
(a) 7.8-8.9 ppb
(b) 4.7-4.8 ppb
(c) 16.5-17.7 ppb
(d) 19.9-20.5 ppb
11 and 15 ppb
9 and 12 ppb
20.3 ppb
1.82 ppb (geometric
mean)
No. of
Cases
70
130
19
103
18
960
96
192
152
101
19
53
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
Colorimetry
GC-EC
GC
GC-EC
GC
GC-EC
GC-EC
Not given
Not given
GC-EC
GC-EC
Comments
Autopsies; Arizona; 1966-68
93% biopsy; 7% autopsy; 4 cities
in U.S., 1961-62
Autopsies from accidental deaths,
18-76 years old; Ohio, 1964-65
Utah, 1967-70
Autopsies, Hawaii, 28 wks-88 yrs.
Michigan general population,
1968-70
Children, 6-9, South Carolina,
whites (low values) and nonwhites
Children 6-9, South Carolina 1970
(a) white males
(b) white females
.(c) nonwhite males
(d) nonwhite females
Whites and blacks, normal
pregnancies, Florida
Whites and blacks, spontaneous
abortions, Florida
Autopsies from accidental deaths,
18-76 years old, Ohio, 1964-65
51 white, 2 black houswives;
Louisiana, 36 rural, 16 urban.
Maternal blood.
Reference
Morgan and
Roan, 1970
Quinby et al. ,
1965
Schafer and
Campbell, 1966
Warnick, 1972
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Bloomer et al. ,
1977
Keil et al.,
1972
Keil et al.,
1972
O'Leary et al. ,
1970
O'Leary et al. ,
1970
Schafer and
Campbell, 1966
Selby et al. ,
1969
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
DDT (continued)
Tissue
Blood
(continued)
Brain
Endometrium
Fat
Fetal
Gonad
Range
<0.002 ppm;
0.002-0.003 ppm
Not given
Not given
0.08-0.44 ppm
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
0.92-6.6 ppm
0-4.9 ppb
Not given
0.04-0.40 ppm
Mean Level
Not given
6.2 ppb
0.12 ppm, fat
0.0105 ppm, whole tissue
0.24 ppm
0.022 ppm
Trace
3.14 ppm, fat
1.33 ppm, whole tissue
2.85 ppm, fat
1.35 ppm, whole tissue
2.81 ppm, fat
1.16 ppm, whole tissue
3.79 ppm
0.4 ppb
1.53 ppm, fat
0.0150 ppm, whole tissue
0.21 ppm
No. of
Cases
29; 9
1417
32
11
70
15
30
29
30
30
15
36
11
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
Comments
Eskimo children, Alaska, 6-17
years , 20 males and 20 females .
Serum.
Utah, 1967-70
Autopsies, Hawaii, 28 wks-88 yrs.
Autopsies, Florida
Autopsies, Arizona, 1966-68
Hawaii. Maternal
Autopsies, Hawaii, 28 wks-88 yrs.
Perirenal .
Autopsies, Hawaii, 28 wks-88 yrs.
Mesenteric.
Autopsies, Hawaii, 28 wks-88 yrs.
Panniculus .
Autopsies, Florida
Hawaii
Autopsies, Hawaii, 28 wks-88 yrs.
Autopsies, Florida
Reference
Serat et al. ,
1977
Warnick, 1972
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Davies et al.,
1965
Morgan and
Roan, 1970
Klemmer et al . ,
1977
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Davies et al. ,
1965
Klemmer et al. ,
1977
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Davies et al. ,
1965
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
DDT (continued)
Tissue
Kidney
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Lymph nodes
Marrow
Milk
Range
Not given
0.07-0.42 ppm
Not given
Not given
0.17-1.2 ppm
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
0-200 ppb
0.04-0.77 ppm
<0. 01-0. 7 7 ppm
Mean Level
1.66 ppm, fat
0.0827 ppm, whole tissue
0.21 ppm
0.030 ppm
1.75 ppm, fat
0.0467 ppm, whole tissue
0.38 ppm
0.101 ppm
2.62 ppm, fat
0.0147 ppm, whole tissue
3.73 ppm, fat
0.892 ppm, whole tissue
4.48 ppm, fat
0.411 ppm, whole tissue
30 ppb
0.14 ppm
0.13 ppm
No. of
Cases
38
11
70
42
11
70
27
25
11
30
19
6
24
24
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
Comments
Autopsies, Hawaii, 28 wks-88 yrs.
Autopsies, Florida
Autopsies, Arizona, 1966-68
Autopsies, Hawaii, 28 wks-88 yrs.
Autopsies, Florida
Autopsies, Arizona, 1966-68
Autopsies, Hawaii, 28 wks-88 yrs.
Autopsies, Hawaii, 28 wks-88 yrs.
Tracheobronchial .
Autopsies, Hawaii, 28 wks-88 yrs.
Hawaii
Appears to be first report of DDT
in human milk and fat from non-
occupational exposure
Follow-up of Laug et al. , 1950
Reference
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Davies et al. ,
1965
Morgan and
Roan, 1970
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Davies et al. ,
1965
Morgan and
Roan, 1970
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Klemmer et al. ,
1977
Laug et al. ,
1950
Laug et al . ,
1951
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
DDT (continued)
Tissue
Milk
(continued)
Placenta
Spleen
Whole body
Range
<0.3-7.7 ppm, fat
1.1-157.0 ppb
Not given
11-1350 ppb
22-300 mg, total body
burden
Mean Level
2.5 ppm
13.82 ppb
2.62 ppm, fat
0.0112 ppm, whole tissue
Not given
Not given
No. of
Cases
14
53
27
77
19
Analytical
Method
Colorimetry
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
Comments
Normal mothers, 4 cities in U.S.
Childbirth, 51 white, 2 black
mothers, housewives, Louisiana;
36 rural, 16 urban; 1966-67
Autopsies, Hawaii, 28 wks-88 yrs.
Autopsies, Hawaii, 1964-1973
Autopsies from accidental deaths,
18-76 years old, Ohio, 1964-65
Reference
Quinby et al. ,
1965
Selby et al. ,
1969
Casaret et al.,
1968
Klemmer et al. ,
1977
Schafer and
Campbell, 1966
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
DDT - TOTAL EQUIVALENT
Tissue
Adipose
Blood
Range
Not Given
1.9-21.1 ppm
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
0.0-270.05 ppm
Not Given
270.05 ppm (max)
207.33 ppm (max)
173.22 ppm (max)
329.77 ppm (max)
89.06 ppm (max)
9.93-46.89 ppb
Not Given
Mean Level
23.18±15.36 ppm
7.9 ppm (median)
9 . 7 ppm
9 . 4 ppm
19.4 ppm
27.0 ppm
11.65 ppm
7.88 (1970), 7.95 (1971)
6.88 (1972), 5.89 (1973)
5.02 (1974) ppm
7.88 ppm (geometric mean]
7 . 95 ppm (geometric mean!
6.88 ppm (geometric mean!
5.88 ppm (geometric mean!
4.99 ppm (geometric mean!
28.86 ppb
110 and 40 ppb
No. of
Cases
221
90
42
31
65
22
1412
898 -
1920
1412
1615
1913
1095
898
960
209
pairs
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC-EC
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC
Comments
Tissues from surgery, agri-
cultural area, Texas, 1969-72
Patients in Florida hospital
Accidental deaths
Sparing users of home pesticides
Moderate users
Careless users
National summary, 32 cities,
FY 1970
National Summary, FY 1970-74,
effect of reducing use. on storage
Most marked decline in youngest
age group. Blacks have almost
twice as much as whites.
Same study as above, but review
article. FY 1970-74. Frequency
remains high
Michigan counties, 1968-70
Rural area, Mississippi, 1972
Black mothers and newborns
Reference
Burns, 1974
Davis et al.,
1969
Deichman and
MacDonald, 1971
Deichman and
MacDonald, 1971
Deichman and
MacDonald, 1971
Deichman and
MacDonald, 1971
Kutz et al. ,
1974
Kutz et al . ,
1977
Kutz et al . ,
1977
Bloomer et al . ,
1977
D'Ercole et al. ,
1976
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
DDT - TOTAL EQUIVALENT
Tissue
Blood
(continued)
Feces
Hair
Milk
Placenta
Urine
Range
Not Given
0.005-0.030 ppm
0.8-50.4 ppb
Trace-3.7 ug/day /person
0.01-0.10 ppm
0.093-0.575 ppm
0.02-2.76 ppm
1.8-179.3 ppb
Trace-2.1 pg-day /person
Mean Level
45 and 20 ppb
0.017 ppm
5.01 ppb (geometric mean)
Not Given
0.06 ppm (median)
Not Given
0.344 ppm
24.07 ppb (geometric
mean)
Not Given
No. of
Cases
130
pairs
Not
given
53
32
9
6
57
53
32
Analytical
Method
GC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC
GC
GC-EC
GC-EC; GC/MS
GC-EC
GC
Comments
White mothers and newborns.
Serum
Cotton-growing area, Mississippi
mosquito spraying and house use
of insecticides. 1968. Serum
Maternal blood. 1966-67; 53
mothers, Louisiana; 36 rural,
16 urban
Preadolescent girls
Excretion of DDT and metabolites
in hair lipids
Mothers in Arizona
Mothers in Arkansas and
Mississippi, 1973-74
53 Newborns, Louisiana, 1966-67
Preadolescent girls
Reference
D'Ercole et al. ,
1976
Perron and
Barrentine, 1970
Selby et al. ,
1969
Price et al. ,
1972
Matthews et al. ,
1976
Hagyard et al. ,
1973
Strassman and
Kutz, 1977
Selby et al. ,
1969
Price et al. ,
1972
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
DIELDRIN
Tissue
Adipose
Range
Not given
Not given
0.03-0.17 ppm
0.21-0.73 ppm
0.20 + 0.07 -
0.25 + 0.03 ppm
<0. 05-0. 7 7 ppm
0.03-1.15 ppm
0.05-1.00 ppm
0.01-0.49 ppm
Not given
0.0-15.2 ppm
Not given
Mean Level
0.35 + 0.23 ppm
0.06-0.17 ppm
0.16 ppm
Not given
(a) 0.23 ppm
(b) 0.21 ppm
0.22 ppm
0.29 + 0.05 ppm
0.11 ppm
0.14 ppm
0.26 mg/kg
0.27 ppm
5.64 ppm (1973) and
2.21 ppm (1974)
No. of
Cases
221
30
25
215
143
146
25
64
221
Not
given
Not
given
1092
(1973);
898
(1974)
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
CC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC
GC-EC
GC
GC
GC
Not given
GC-EC
GC-EC, TLC, and MS
Comments
Agricultural area, no sex dif-
ferences ; Mexican-Americans
higher content
Random samples, ages 28 wk-88 yr.
None
Autopsies, Dade County, Florida
Blacks and whites , above 35 yr . ;
(a) females; (b) males
Autopsies in Florida
None
None
118 of 221 positives
None
32 U.S. cities
75 U.S. sites; 99% positive
Reference
Burns, 1974
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Davis et al. ,
1971
Deichman et al.,
1968
Romans ki et al. ,
1977
Edmundson et al. ,
1968
Hayes et al. ,
1965
Hoffman et al. ,
1964
Hoffman et al. ,
1967
Hunter et al. ,
1967
Kutz et al. ,
1974
Kutz et al. ,
1977
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
DIELDRIN (continued)
Tissue
Adipose
(continued)
Adrenal
Blood
Range
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
0.0-0.7 ppb
Not given
0.0-0.38 ppb
(a) <0. 0012-0. 0063 ppm
(b) <0. 0012-0. 0022 ppm
(c) 0.0021-0.0069 ppm
(d) 0.0014-0.0108 ppm
(e) 0.0010-0.0129 ppm
(f) 0.0006-0.0045 ppm
Not given
(a) 0.0034-0.0305 ppm
(b) 0.0024-0.0106 ppm
(c) 0.0008-0.0049 ppm
(d) 0.0042-0.0290 ppm
Mean Level
0.18-0.22 ppm (geometric
mean)
0.140 ppm
0.21 + 0.16 and
0.73 + 0.59 ppm
1.8 ppb
0.2 ppb
0.62 ppm
0.23 ppb
(a) 0.0028 ppm
(b) 0.0009 ppm
(c) 0.0043 ppm
(d) 0.0049 ppm
(e) 0.0055 ppm
(f) 0.0018 ppm
0.0013 ppm
(a) 0.0119 ppm
(b) 0.0058 ppm
(c) 0.0026 ppm
(d) 0.0105 ppm
No. of
Cases
1913+
(1970-
1974)
70
332
103
202
18
960
20
10
10
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC
GC-EC
CC
GC-EC
GC
GC-EC
GC-EC
Comments
75 U.S. sites; 96-99% positive
Autopsies in Arizona
Autopsies in Florida
None
Surgical biopsies in Idaho
Random samples, ages 28 wk-88 yr.
Reflect pesticide usage in
Missouri
(a) plasma, males
(b) plasma, females
(c) rbc, males
(d) rbc, females
(e) whole blood, males
(f) whole blood, females
Blood serum
(a) plasma
(b) whole blood
(c) rbc
(d) serum
Reference
Kutz et al. ,
1977
Morgan and Roan,
1970
Radomski et al. ,
1968
Warnick, 1972
Wyllie et al.,
1972
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Bloomer et al . ,
1977
Dale et al. ,
1967
Dale et al. ,
1966
Dale et al. ,
1966
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
DIELDRIN (continued)
Tissue
Blood
(continued)
Bone
Range
(a) <1. 0-11.0 ppb
(b) <1. 0-5.0 ppb
0.1-0.7 ppb
0.0-6.0 ppb
Not given
0.0-26.0 ppb
(a) 0.5-1.4 ppb
(b) 0.7-3.3 ppb
Not given
0.1-1.9 ppb
Not given
0.0-25.0 ppb
0.0-10.0 ppb
Not given
Mean Level
(a) 1.40 ppb
(b) 1.05 ppb
Not given
1.2 ppb
2.15 ppb
1.5 ppb
1.49 + 1.0 ppb
2.4 + 14.3 ppb
0.26 ppb (geometric
mean)
0.17 ppm
(a) 0.5 ppb
(b) 0.3 ppb
(c) 1.3 ppb
0.9 ppb
0.41 ppm
No. of
Cases
800
350 pairs
28
115
116
28
3568
53 pairs
1417
1000
202
30
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC
GC
GC-EC
GC
GC
Not given
GC-EC
GC
GC-EC
GC-EC
CC
Comments
General population, Dade County,
Florida: (a) whites; (b) blacks
Blood serum. Mississippi blacks
and whites; mother-infant pairs
Blood serum
General population in Hawaii.
Blood serum.
None
(a) whole blood
(b) plasma
General population in Hawaii
Maternal blood. Mother-infant
pairs in Louisiana
Blood serum
Blood serum.
(a) overall mean
(b) males
(c) females
Blood serum. Surgical patients
in Idaho.
Random samples, ages 28 wk-88 yr.
Marrow.
Reference
Davies et al. ,
1973
D'Ercole et al. ,
1976
Dyment et al. ,
1971
Klemmer et al. ,
1977
Klemmer et al. ,
1973
Radomski et al. ,
1971
Rashad et al. ,
1976
Selby et al. ,
1969
Warnick, 1972
Watson et al. ,
1970
Wyllie et al.,
1972
Casaret et al. ,
1968
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
DIELDRIN (continued)
Tissue
Brain
Endometrium
Fetal tissue
Gonad
Hair
Human tissue
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Lymph nodes
Range
Not given
Not given
0.0-7.8 ppb
0.0-4.9 ppb
Not given
Not given
2.0-63.0 ppb
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
0.04 ppm
0.04 + 0.01 ppm
0.6 ppb
0.7 ppb
0.62 ppm
<0.01 ppm
Not given
0.66 ppm
0.43 ppm
0.10 + 0.19 ppm
0.16 ppm
0.11 ppm
No. of
Cases
32
332
15
15
36
5
77
38
42
332
25
11
Analytical
Method
CC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
CC
GC
GC-EC
CC
CC
GC-EC
CC
CC
Comments
Random samples, ages 28 wk-88 yr.
Autopsies in Florida
General population in Hawaii
Infants in Hawaii
Random samples, ages 28 wk-88 yr.
None
General population in Hawaii
Random samples, ages 28 wk-88 yr.
Random samples, ages 28 wk-88 yr.
Autopsies in Florida
Random samples, ages 28 wk-88 yr.
Random samples, ages 28 wk-88 yr.
1
Reference
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Radomski et al . ,
1968
Klemmer et al. ,
1977
Klemmer et al. ,
1977
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Matthews et al. ,
1976
Klemmer et al. ,
1977
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Radomski et al . ,
1968
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Casaret et al. ,
1968
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
DIELDRIN (continued)
Tissue
Milk
Spleen
Range
0.0-21.0 ppb
0.0-12.0 ppb
0.0-11.0 ppb
1.0->2294 ppb
trace-0.05 ppm
Not given
Mean Level
3.3 ppb
3.0 ppb
1.7 ppb (fat basis)
164.2 ppb (fat basis)
0.012 ppm
1.8 ppm
No. of
Cases
28
6
40
1160
57
27
Analytical
Method
GC
GC-EC
GC
GC-EC
GC-EC and GC/MS
CC
Comments
Milk not good indicator source
Females in Hawaii
Females in Colorado
1160 of 1436 positives
Mississippi and Arkansas females
Random samples, ages 28 wk-88 yr.
Reference
Dyment et al. ,
1971
Klemmer et al. ,
1977
Savage et al . ,
1973
Savage, 1976
Strassman and
Kutz, 1977
Casaret et al. ,
1968
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
DIETNYLHEXYLPHTHALATE
Tissue
Lung
Range
0.0-91.5 yg/g dry wt.
Mean Level
Not given
No. of
Cases
12
Analytical
Method
TLC
Comments
From blood transfusion plastic
devices
Reference
Jaeger and
Rubins, 1973
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
DYSPROSIUM
Tissue
Blood
Range
0.0-0.26 ppm
Mean Level
Not given
No. of
Cases
39
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectrometry
Comments
lealthy males. Mean age 35.3.
Serum.
Reference
Go f man et al . ,
1964
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
ERBIUM
Tissue
Blood
Range
0.00-0.08 ppm
Mean Level
Not given
No. of
Cases
39
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectro-
chemistry
Comments
Healthy males, mean age 35.3 yrs.
Serum
Reference
Gofman et al.
1964
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
EUROPIUM
Tissue
Blood
Range
0.00-0.52 ppm
Mean Level
Not given
No. of
Cases
39
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectroraetry
Comments
Healthy males, mean age 35.3 yrs.
Serum
Reference
Gofman et al. ,
1964
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
FLUORIDE
Tissue
Aorta
Blood
Range
0.79-65.7 ppm wet wt.
2.64-166.3 ppm dry wt.
0.0-20.3 and 0.0-165.1
ppm
Analgesia —
(a) 0.8-26.5 vM
(b) 1.0-5.1 vM
(c) 2.3-327.0 vM
(d) 4.7-34.0 vM
Anesthesia —
(e) 0.9-25.2 \M
(f) 1.3-3.3 vM
(g) 0.1-445.0 vM
(h) 1.7-35.0 vM
Not given
Not given
0.08-4.17 and
0.18-6.80 vM
Mean Level
2.13-37.9 ppm wet wt.
22.04 ppm dry wt.
(median)
6 . 0 and 40 . 6 ppm
(a) 11.3 vM
(b) 2.86 vM
(c) 99.7 vM
(d) 16.8 vM
(e) 10.7 vM
(f) 2.1 vM
(g) 150.0 vM
(h) 12.3 \iM
0.165 + 0.07 and
0.75 + 0.05 ppm
0.150 + 0.06 and
0.234 + 0.10 ppm
0.78 and 1.57 \iM
No. of
Cases
23
16-23
23
8 maternal
7 infant
Not
given
Not
given
Not
given
Analytical
Method
Not given
Not given
Chem.
ISE
Not given
Not given
ISE
Comments
Autopsy of normals; first mean
value — zero F in water and
second mean value — 4.0 ppm F
in water
None
First values — less calcified
aortas; second values — calcified
aortas
Methoxyflurane analgesia and
anesthesia. Blood serum
(a) maternal, inorganic F
(b) infant, inorganic F
(c) maternal, organic F
(d) infant, organic F
Anesthesia — higher dose:
(e) maternal, inorganic F
(f) infant, inorganic F
(g) maternal, organic F
(h) infant, organic F
Fetal blood. First value — low
F intake; second value — high F
intake
Maternal blood. First value —
low F intake; second value —
high F intake
Blood serum. First value —
inorganic F; second value —
organic F
Reference
Hodge and Smith,
1965
Smith et al.,
1960
Waldbott, 1966
Fry and Taves,
1974
Gedalia, 1970
Gedalia, 1970
Guy and Taves,
1972
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
FLUORIDE (continued)
Tissue
Blood
(continued)
Range
Not given
0.019-0.112 ppm
Not given
Not given
0.06-0.64 ppm ash
0.14-0.26 ppm
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
0.38 + 0.21-4.3 + 1.8
and 1.35 + 0.85 uM
Mean Level
1.6 uM
0.47 ppm
0.32 yg/ml
0.88 + 0.12 and
0.68 + 0.10 vM
Not given
Not given
0.0006 g F
0.013 ppm or
0.7 + 0.4 \itt
1.35 + 0.85 and
0.38 + 0.21 to 4.3 + 1.8
MM
0.013 ppm
Not given
No. of
Cases
5
41
Not
given
16 pairs
6
118
Not
given
16
106
Not
given
106
Analytical
Method
NMR
ISE
Not given
ISE and Chem.
ISE and Colorimetry
Not given
Not given
Fluorometry
Not given
Chem.
Not given
Comments
Blood plasma. 5 cities
In-patients, ages 17-82. Blood
plasma
None
First value — maternal serum;
second value — cord blood
None
Five area with varied F content
of water
Whole blood F content
Blood serum
Blood serum. First value —
organic F; second value —
inorganic F, low F water; and
third value — inorganic F, high
F water
Blood serum
First values — inorganic F;
second values — organic F
Reference
Guy et al., 1975
Perkins et al. ,
1976
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Shen and Taves,
1974
Singer and
Armstrong, 1969
Singer and
Armstrong, 1960
Smith, 1966
Taves, 1966
Taves et al. ,
1976
Taves, 1966
Taves et al. ,
1976
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
FLUORIDE (continued)
Tissue
Bone
Brain
Extracellular
fluid
Heart
Range
Not given
100-4000 ppm dry, fat-
free tissue
0.052-0.134, 0.031-0.142,
and 0.057-0.191 % ash
Not given
1165-1490 ppm ash
0.08-0.69, 0.08-0.70, and
0.10-0.80 % ash
0.072-0.802 ppm ash
Not given
Not given
0.32-2.14 ppm wet wt.
Not given
1.19-23.3 ppm dry wt.
Mean Level
800 ppm dry, defatted
basis
Not given
0.093, 0.084, and 0.125
% ash
2.547 g F
Not given
Not given
Not given
2.0 ug/g dry wt.
0.002 g F
0.55-1.29 ppra wet wt.
2.0 yg/g dry wt.
2.42 ppm dry wt. (median]
No. of
Cases
Not
given
Not
given
11
Not
given
11
Not
given
69
Not
given
Not
given
23
Not
given
16-23
Analytical
Method
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Chem.
Not given
Colorimetry
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Comments
Chicago area autopsies
High and low F areas. Iliac
crest
First values — mandible; second
values — femur, and third
values — iliac crest
Total F in bones and teeth
Root bone
Values, respectively, for iliac
crest, rib, and vertebra
None
None
None
Autopsy of normals; first mean
value — zero F in water; second
mean value — 4.0 ppm F in water
None
None
Reference
Hefferen et al. ,
1972
Hodge and Smith,
1970
Singer and
Armstrong, 1962
Smith, 1966
Yoon et al. ,
1960
Zipkin, 1970
Zipkin, 1960
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Smith, 1966
Hodge and Smith,
1965
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Smith et al. ,
1960
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
FLUORIDE (continued)
Tissue
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Milk
Muscle
Placenta
Range
0.30-5.45 ppm wet wt.
Not given
1.35-25.6 ppm dry wt.
0.27-1.47 ppm wet wt.
Not given
0.92-5.41 ppm dry wt.
0.54-2.91 ppm wet wt.
1.79-12.4 ppm dry wt.
0.0-0.6 ppm
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
0.63-2.55 ppm wet wt.
3.2 pg/g dry wt.
4.01 ppm dry wt. (median
0.52-0.92 ppm wet wt.
4.0 yg/g dry wt.
2.14 ppm dry wt. (median!
0.71-1.98 ppm wet wt.
4.34 ppm dry wt. (median)
Not given
0.016 g F
0.121 + 0.06 and
0.228 + 0.09 ppm
No. of
Cases
23
Not
given
16-23
23
Not
given
16-23
23
16-23
Not
given
Not
given
Not
given
Analytical
Method
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Chem.
Not given
Not given
Comments
Autopsy of normals; first mean
value — zero F in water; second
mean value — 4.0 ppm F in water
None
None
Autopsy of normals; first mean
value — zero F in water; second
mean value — 4.0 ppm F in water
None
None
Autopsy of normals; first mean
value — zero F in water; second
mean value — 4.0 ppm F in water
None
Higher values for mothers living
near super phosphate plant
Total F in muscle and skin
First value — low F intake;
second value — high F intake
Reference
Hodge and Smith,
1965
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Smith et al.,
1960
Hodge and Smith,
1965
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Smith et al.,
1960
Hodge and Smith,
1965
Smith et al.,
1960
Smith, 1966
Smith, 1966
Gedalia, 1970
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
FLUORIDE (continued)
Tissue
Placenta
(continued)
Skin
Spleen
Teeth
Range
1.9-8.1 and 6.6-103.6 vM
Not given
0.31-1.19 ppm wet wt.
1.34-16.7 ppm dry wt.
Not given
970-3120 ppm
Not given
27.1-748.8 ppm
478-832, 302-529,
170-310, and 41-177 ppm
70-730 yg/g
Mean Level
4.42 and 46.4 uM
0.016 g F
0.51-0.82 ppm wet wt.
3.43 ppm dry wt. (median]
56 ppm and 98 ppm
2160 + 550 ppm
73.9 + 5.95
126.7 +8.63 ppm
Not given
Not given
248 + 20 yg/g
No. of
Cases
16 pairs
Not
given
23
16-23
18
35
208
12
87
56
Analytical
Method
ISE and Chem.
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
AAS
MS
X-ray spectrometry
ISE
MS
Comments
First value — organic F; second
value — inorganic F
Total F in skin and muscles
Autopsy of normals; first mean
value — zero F in water; second
mean value — 4.0 ppm F in water
None
First value — enamel; second
value — dentin
School children. Left maxillary
incisor .
<20 year-olds; first value — high
caries area (New England) ; second
value — low caries area (South
Carolina)
Normals, 17-24 yr. Enamel
Children 12-14 yr. Premolar
tooth enamel; values respectively
are tooth surface, subsurface,
inner, and bulk.
<20 year-olds, wide geographic
area
Reference
Shen and Taves,
1974
Smith, 1966
Hodge and Smith,
1965
Smith et al. ,
1960
Anonymous , 1959
Brudevold et al . ,
Curzon and
Losee, 1977
Hoerman et al. ,
1966
Little and
Barrett, 1976
Losee et al. ,
1973
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
FLUORIDE (continued)
Tissue
Teeth
(continued)
Urine
Range
0.0067-0.0245, 0.0370-
0.0990, and 0.104-0.212
% ash
Not given
0.234-0.774 ppm
62-2711 ppm ash
0.39-0.43 mg/liter
0.2-4.8 ppm
Not given
Mean Level
0.0107, 0.0620, and
0.1580 % ash
2.547 g F
Not given
Not given
0.41 mg/liter
Not given
54 + 6.8 ppm
No. of
Cases
11
Not
given
18 groups
11
Not
given
1998
16 pairs
Analytical
Method
Not given
Not given
ISE
Chem.
NAA
Chem.
ISE and Chem.
Comments
First values — enamel; second
values — dent in; and third
values — cementum
Total F in bones and teeth
Cementum
None
None
Males, 15-20 yrs.
Maternal
Reference
Singer and
Armstrong, 1962
Smith, 1966
Stepnick et al. ,
1975
Yoon et al. ,
Gills et al.,
1974
McClure and
Kinser, 1944
Shen and Taves,
1974
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
GADOLINIUM
Tissue
Blood
Range
0.00-0. -26 ppm
Mean Level
Not given
No. of
Cases
39
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectroraetry
Comments
Healthy males, mean age 35.3 yrs.
Serum
Reference
Go f man et al. ,
1964
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
GALLIUM
Tissue
Blood
Lung
Range
0.0-0.09 ppm
Not given
Mean Level
Not given
3.5 and 6.0 pg/g ash
No. of
Cases
39
2
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectrometry
ES
Comments
Healthy males, mean age 35.3.
Blood serum
Sudden accident victims (normal)
Reference
Gofman et al. ,
1964
Koch et al. ,
1956
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
GERMANIUM
Tissue
Blood
Urine
Range
0.00-0.10 ppm
Not given
Not given
0.62-2.16 yg/ml
Mean Level
Not given
0.29 yg/ml
0.65 pg/ml
1.26 ug/ml
No. of
Cases
39
4
4
4
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectrometry
Colorimetry
Color ime try
Colorimetry
Comments
Healthy males, mean age 35.3 yrs.
Serum
Serum
Red blood cells
Reference
Gofman et al . ,
1964
Schroeder et al..
1967
Schroeder et al.
1967
Schroeder et al.
1967
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
GOLD
Tissue
Adrenal
Aorta
Bladder
Blood
Brain
Diaphragm
Esophagus
Hair
Range
<10-60 yg/g ash
<10-40 yg/g ash
<10-30 yg/g ash
0.0-0.23 ppm
Not given
Not given
<10-40 yg/g ash
<10-40 yg/g ash
<10-22 yg/g ash
0.08 x 10'a to
27.0 x 10" 2 ppm
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
<10 yg/g ash (median)
<10 yg/g ash (median)
<10 yg/g ash (median)
Not given
0.00004 yg/ml
0.5 pg/g dry wt.
<10 yg/g ash (median)
<10 yg/g ash (median)
<10 yg/g ash (median)
4.3 x 10" z ppm
0.67 yg/g
0.0267 + 0.0046 ppm
No. of
Cases
6 of 15
27 of 105
22 of 122
39
Not
given
Not
given
1 of 129
9 of 91
18 of 68
33
33
10
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
X-ray spectrometry
Not given
Not given
ES
ES
ES
NAA
NAA
NAA
Comments
Adults
Adults
Adults
Healthy males, mean age 35.3.
Blood serum
None
Hone
Adults
Adults
Adults
Children and adults, Oak Ridge,
Tenn.
None
None
Reference
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Gofman et al. ,
1964
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Bates and Dyer,
1965
Mahler et al . ,
1970
"Obrusnik et al. ,
1972
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
GOLD (continued)
Tissue
Hair
(continued)
Heart
Intestine
Kidney
Larynx
Range
Not given
Not given
<10-40 yg/g ash
<10-20 yg/g ash
<10-25 yg/g ash
<10-33 yg/g ash
<10-20 yg/g ash
<10-25 ug/g ash
<10-<10 yg/g ash
Not given
<10-10 yg/g ash
<10-<10 yg/g ash
Mean Level
0.05 yg/g dry wt.
0.00013 yg/g dry wt.
<10 yg/g ash (median)
<10 yg/g ash (median)
<10 yg/g ash (median)
<10 yg/g ash (median)
<10 yg/g ash (median)
<10 yg/g ash (median)
<10 yg/g ash (median)
0.5 yg/g dry wt.
<10 yg/g ash (median)
<10 yg/g ash (median)
No. of
Cases
Not
given
Not
given
6 of 140
13 of 68
19 of 104
21 of 84
6 of 31
6 of 31
3 of 42
Not
given
15 of 145
3 of 50
Analytical
Method
Not given
Not given
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Not given
ES
ES
Comments
None
None
Adults
Adults. Duodenum.
Adults. Jejunum.
Adults. Ileum.
Adults. Cecum.
Adults. Sigmoid Colon.
Adults. Rectum.
None
Adults
Adults
Reference
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
GOLD (continued)
Tissue
Liver
Lung
Muscle
Ovary
Omen turn
Nail
Pancreas
Prostate
Saliva
Range
Not given
<10-<10 ug/g ash
<10-22 yg/g ash
<10-<10 yg/g ash
<10-<10 yg/g ash
<10-23 yg/g ash
7-220 yg/g ash
0.0-1.52 and 0.0-2.05
Wg/8
Not given
18-130 yg/g ash
<5-81 yg/g ash
0.01-0.64 yg/100 ml
Mean Level
0.0001 yg/g dry wt.
<10 yg/g ash (median)
<10 yg/g ash (median)
<10 ug/g ash (median)
<10 yg/g ash (median)
<10 yg/g ash (median)
30 yg/g ash (median)
0.44 + 0.60 and
0.52 + 0.58 yg/g
0.171 yg/g
49 yg/g ash (median)
10 yg/g ash (median)
0.06 + 0.02 yg/100 ml
No. of
Cases
Not
given
4 of 150
3 of 141
3 of 141
4 of 137
5 of 16
Not
given
6 chil-
dren; 13
adults
13
138
44 of 50
15
Analytical
Method
Not given
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
NAA
NAA
ES
ES
NAA
Comments
None
Adults
Autopsies
Adults
Adults
Adults
Adults
Low values — children; high
values — adults
Fingernail
Adults
Adults
None
Reference
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Kanabrocki et
al., 1968
Mahler et al. ,
1970
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Kanabrocki et
al., 1965
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
GOLD (continued)
Tissue
Spleen
Skin
Stomach
Testis
Thyroid
Trachea
Uterus
Range
7-90 yg/g ash
16-120 yg/g ash
5-35 yg/g ash
5-27 yg/g ash
5-54 yg/g ash
15-120 wg/g ash
<10-<10 yg/g ash
Mean Level
27 yg/g ash (median)
46 yg/g ash (median)
12 yg/g ash (median)
12 yg/g ash (median)
12 yg/g ash (median)
44 yg/g ash (median)
<10 yg/g ash (median)
No. of
Cases
138 of 14:
21 of 22
123 of 13J
123 of 131
20 of 21
60
1 of 32
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Adults
Adults
Adults
Adults
Adults
Adults
Adults
Reference
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
HAFMIUM
Tissue
Blood
Range
0.00-0.41 ppm
Mean Level
Not given
No. of
Cases
39
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectrometry
Comments
Healthy males, mean age 35.3 yrs.
Serum
Reference
Go f man et al. ,
1964
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
HEPTACHLOR
Tissue
Blood
Milk
Placenta
Range
0.1-0.2 ppb
0.1-0.8 ppb
Not given
2.0-52.0 ppb
0.1-54.9 ppb
Mean Level
0.13 ppb
0.21 ppb
Not given
6.23 ppb
2.12 ppb
No. of
Cases
106
106
1436
106
106
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
Comments
53 Mother-infant pairs
53 Mother-infant pairs
Found in <22
53 Mother-infant pairs
53 Mother-infant pairs
Reference
Selby et al. ,
1969
Selby et al. ,
1969
Savage, 1976
Selby et al. ,
1969
Selby et al. ,
1969
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
HEPTACHLOREPOXIDE
Tissue
Adipose
Range
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
0.01-0.14 and
0.02-0.09 ppm
0.03-1.45 ppm
0.10-0.29 ppm
0.04-0.46 mg/kg
0.0-10.62 ppm
Not given
Not given
Not given
0-1.3 ppb
Mean Level
0.11 + 0.11 ppm
0.04 ppm
0.05 ppm
0.05 ppm
0.05 and 0.05 ppm
0.24 + 0.05 ppm
0.16 ppm
0.25 mg/kg
0.17 ppm
0.09 and 0.08 ppm
0.09, 0.09, 0.08, 0.09,
and 0.08 ppm
0.16-1.12 ppm
0.1 ppb
No. of
Cases
221
30
29
30
25
25
505
53
1412
3964
6933
332
202
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC
GC
GLC
GC-EC
GC-EC, TLC, and MS
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
Comments
From surgeries
Fat basis. Perirenal fat
Fat basis. Mesenteric fat
Fat basis. Panniculus fat.
Phenytoin (14 cases) and control
(11) groups, respectively
Autopsies. Abdominal wall.
Nursing mothers in Philadelphia
area. Milk fat.
1973 (2177 cases) and 1974 (1787)
years , respectively
Fat basis; 1970-1974 years,
respectively
Autopsies. Diseased organs
White males and females .
Adominal fat .
Reference
Burns, 1974
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Davis et al. ,
1971
Hayes et al. ,
1965
Hoffman et al. ,
1967
Kroger, 1972
Kutz et al. ,
1974
Kutz et al. ,
1977
Kutz et al. ,
1977
Radomski et al. ,
1968
Wyllie et al.,
1972
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
HEPTACHLOREPOXIDE (continued)
Tissue
Adrenal
Brain
Blood
Range
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
0.0002-0.0031 ppm
0.0004-0.0019 ppm
0.0004-0.0010 ppm
0.0006-0.0028 ppm
<0. 0006-0. 0036 and
<0. 0003-0. 0026 ppm
<0. 0003-0. 0120 and
0.0005-0.0051 ppm
0.01-0.1 ppb
0.1-0.6 ppb
Mean Level
0.01 ppm
<0.01
0.0-0.01 + 0.01 ppm
0.0008 ppm
0.0011 ppm
0.0008 ppm
0.0007 ppm
0.0012 ppm
0.0012 + 0.0004 and
0.0008 + 0.0003 ppm
0.0023 and 0.0022 ppm
Not given
0.21 ppb
No. of
Cases
18
32
332
10
10
10
10
10
20
20
678
53
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC
GC-EC
Comments
Fat basis
Fat basis
Autopsies. Brain disease.
Women. Serum.
Plasma
Red blood cells
Serum
Males (10) and females (10)
respectively. Red blood cells
Males (10) and females (10)
respectively
209 black and 130 white mother-
infant pairs. Serum.
Mother-infant pairs. Maternal
blood.
Reference
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Radomski et al . ,
1968
Dale et al. ,
1966
Dale et al. ,
1966
Dale et al.,
1966
Dale et al. ,
1966
Dale et al. ,
1966
Dale et al. ,
1967
Dale et al. ,
1967
D'Ercole et al. ,
1976
Selby et al. ,
1969
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
HEPTACHLOREPOXIDE (continued)
Tissue
Blood
(continued)
Bone
Gonad
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Lymph
Milk
Placenta
Range
0-5 ppb
0-2 ppb
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Trace — 5 ppb
15.24-2050 ppb
Trace — 0.03 ppm
0.1-6.5 ppb
Mean Level
<0.07 ppb
0.1 ppb
0.02 ppm
0.01 ppm
0.01 ppm
0.08 ppm
Trace — 0.05 + 0.09 ppm
0.02 ppm
<0.01 ppm
0.4 ppb
91.36 ppb
0.004 ppm
1.21 ppb
No. of
Cases
1000
202
30
36
38
42
332
25
11
40
1436
57
53
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC
GC-EC
GC-EC and GC-MS
GC-EC
Comments
Southern Idaho. Serum.
White males and females. Serum.
Fat basis. Marrow.
Fat basis
Fat basis
Fat basis
Autopsies. Liver disease.
Fat basis
Fat basis. Tracheobronchial
nodes .
Women, fat basis; rural Colorado
National study. Fat basis.
Mississippi and Arkansas
Mother-infant pairs
Reference
Watson et al. ,
1970
Wyllie et al.,
1972
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Radomski et al . ,
1968
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Casaret et al. ,
1968
Savage et al. ,
1973
Savage, 1976
Strassman and
Kutz, 1977
Selby et al. ,
1969
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
HEPTACHLOREPOXIDE (continued)
Tissue
Spleen
Range
Not given
Mean Level
<0.01 ppm
No. of
Cases
27
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
Comments
Fat basis
Reference
Casaret et al. ,
1968
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
HEXACHLOROPHENE
Tissue
Adipose
Milk
Range
0-80 ppb
Trace-9.0 ppb (1971)
0-8.3 ppb (1973)
Mean Level
20.0 ppb
Not given
Not given
No. of
Cases
20
12
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC-EC
Comments
White, urban, middle-class
mothers
Reference
Shafik, 1973
West et al.,
1975
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
HOLMIUM
Tissue
Blood
Range
0.00-0.41 ppm
Mean Level
Not given
No. of
Cases
39
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectroraetry
Comments
Healthy men, mean age 35.3 yrs.
Serum
Reference
Gofman et al. ,
1964
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
INDIUM
Tissue
Blood
Range
0.00-0.21 ppm
Mean Level
Not given
No. of
Cases
39
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectrometry
Comments
Healthy males, mean age 35.3 yrs.
Serum
Reference
Gofman et al.,
1964
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
IODINE
Tissue
Blood
Hair
Milk
Teeth
Thyroid
Urine
Range
0.00-0.57 ppm
0.03-0.14 wg/g dry wt.
0.03-28%
0.01-0.07 pg/g dry wt.
20-39%
50-74%
Mean Level
Not Given
Not Given
25% (median)
0.036 ug/g dry wt.
25% (median)
53% (median)
No. of
Cases
39
2
5
56
5
5
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectrometry
MS; AAS
Radiometry
MS
Radiometry
Radiometry
Comments
Healthy males, mean age 35.3 yrs.
Serum.
% of administered dose sequest-
ered after 48 hrs.
<20-year-old
% of administered dose sequest-
ered after 48 hrs.
% of administered dose sequest-
ered after 48 hrs.
Reference
Gofman et al. ,
1964
Yurachek et al. ,
1969
Weaver et al. ,
1960
Losee et al. ,
1973
Weaver et al. ,
1960
Weaver et al . ,
1960
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
IRIDIUM
Tissue
Blood
Range
6.00-0.13 ppm
Mean Level
Not Given
No. of
Cases
39
Analytical
Method
X-ray spec trome try
Comments
Healthy males, mean age 35.3 yrs.
Serum.
Reference
Gofman et al. ,
1964
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
KEPONE
Tissue
Tissues
Range
<1-1.32 ppm
Mean Level
).38 ppm
No. of
Cases
186
Analytical
Method
Not given
Comments
Samples taken from sites treated
with Mirex during the past 10 yrs.
Reference
Anon. , 1976
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
LANTHANUM
Tissue
Blood
Teeth
Range
0.00-021 ppm
0.02-0.12 mg/g dry wt.
Mean Level
Not given
0.004 mg/g dry wt.
No. of
Cases
39
56
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectrometry
IS
Comments
Healthy males; mean age 35.3 yrs.
Serum.
<20 years old. Enamel.
Reference
Go f man et al . ,
1964
Losee et al. ,
1973
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
LEAD
Tissue
Adipose
Adrenal
Aorta
Bladder
Blood
Range
Not given
0.1-1.5 mg (total tissue)
Not given
11-140 pg/g ash
Not given
0.6-7.6 ppm wet wt.
0.15-1.0 mg (total aorta)
34-280 ug/g ash
Not given
<5-41 pg/g ash
Not given
13.1-27.4 ug/%
(range of means)
5.6-27.4 pg/100 ml;
4.5-7.2 pg/100 ml;
14.5-41.8 pg/100 ml
Mean Level
0.04 + 0.01 ppm wet wt.
0.60 mg
0.25 + 0.12 ppm wet wt.
27 yg/g ash
1.65 + ppm wet wt.
3.5 ppm wet wt.
0.22 mg
140 pg/g ash
6 ppm wet wt.
13 pg/g ash
+ 40 pg/100 ml
20 ug %
Not given
No. of
Cases
43
258
41
15
45
18
258
104
2
99 of 112
2269
70
104
Analytical
Method
Colorimetry
ES
Colorimetry
ES
Colorimetry
AAS
ES
ES
ES
ES
ASV
AAS
AAS
Comments
Cincinnati area white males,
20-84 years old
Cincinnati area white males,
20-84 years old
Cincinnati area white males,
20-84 years old
Sudden deaths, Baltimore, Md.
Sudden accident victims
Urban area children
Omaha, Nebraska area children;
half causasian and half negro
Blood; Plasma; Red blood cells.
Children, 10-18 years old.
Reference
Gross et al. ,
1975
Schroeder and
Tipton, 1968
Gross et al. ,
1975
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Gross et al. ,
1975
Poklis, 1975
Schroeder and
Tipton, 1968
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al. ,
1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Anderson and
Clark, 1974
Angle et al. ,
1974
Angle and
Mclntire, 1974
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
LEAD (continued)
Tissue
Blood
(continued)
Range
Not given
<80 yg/100 ml
14-210 yg %
11-78 ng %
2-81 yg/100 ml
9-102 pg/100 ml
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
29.1 yg/100 ml;
28.1 yg/100 ml;
20.0 yg/100 ml;
<20.0 yg/100 ml
27-33 yg/100 ml
40.8 yg %
33.8 yg %
26.2 yg/100 ml
40 yg/100 ml
0.91 + 0.77 yg/g
0.58 + 0.93 yg/g
0.0039 + 0.0002 yg/100
ml
0.0027 + 0.0005 yg/100
ml
0.0028 + 0.0008 yg/100
ml
0.0177 + 0.0008 yg/100
ml
No. of
Cases
1559
34
450
26
119
379
84
130
122
96
48
47
Analytical
Method
Electrophoresls
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1-3
olds; 6 year olds; 10 year olds;
11-18 year olds
Pistol range instructors from
Georgia
Children
Children
Illinois children
Newark, New Jersey children,
1-8 year olds
Maternal blood from Nashville,
Tennessee hospitals
Fetal blood from Nashville,
Tennessee hospitals
Los Angeles area blood donors.
Serum.
Los Angeles area surgical
patients. Serum.
Los Angeles area residents.
Serum.
Los Angeles area residents
Reference
Adebonojo, 1974
Landrigan et al.,
1975
Rosen, 1972
Rosen, 1972
Thomas et al . ,
1976
Bagdeon et al. ,
1974
Baglan et al. ,
1974
Baglan et al. ,
1974
Butt et al. ,
1964
Butt et al. ,
1964
Butt et al. ,
1964
Butt et al. ,
1964
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
LEAD (continued)
Tissue
Blood
(continued)
Range
40-60 ug/100 ml
19-81 ug/100 ml
19-71 ug/100 ml
33-68 ug/100 ml
3-70 ug/100 ml
6-136 ug/100 ml
7-80 ug/100 ml
9-22 pg/100 ml
Not given
5-64.5 ug/100 ml;
5-54.5 ug/100 ml;
25-64.5 ug/100 ml;
5-44.5 ug/100 ml
1-53 ug/100 ml
Mean Level
50 ug/100 ml
40.7 ug/ioOml
-
36.9 yg/ioOml
Not given
21 ug/100 ml
30 ug/100 ml
25.4 + 17 ug/100 ml
15.2+4.2 wg/100 ml
41.1 + 12.2 ug/100 ml;
22.2 + 10 ug/100 ml
Not given;
26 ug/100 ml;
41 ug/100 ml
22 ug/100 ml
30 ug/100 ml
1 r
No. of
Cases
5226
75
40
18
230
272
34
10
8; 37
119; 54;
8; 37
68
Analytical
Method
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
Not given
Comments
Newark, New Jersey children,
1-15 years old
Charleston, South Carolina pre-
school children; 36-42%
hematocrlt levels
Charleston, South Carolina pre-
school children; 30-35%
hematocrit levels
Children 13-67 months of age
Rural children
Urban children
Autistic and atypical children
Normal children
Hyperactive children with history
of lead poisoning; nonhyper active
children
Hyperactive and nonhyperactive
children; hyperactive; hyper-
active with history of lead
poisoning; nonhyperactive
Exposed urban children, mostly
negro, 60% female
Reference
Caprio et al.,
1974
Chisolm et al. ,
1974
Chisolm et al. ,
1974
Chisolm et al. ,
1975
Cohen et al. ,
1973
Cohen et al . ,
1973
Cohen et al. ,
1976
Cohen et al . ,
1976
David, 1974
David, 1972
de la Burde and
Shapiro, 1975
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
LEAD (continued)
Tissue
Blood
(continued)
Range
Not given;
Not given;
Not given
4.3-12.0 yg/100 ml;
4.6-17.5 yg/100 ml
13.1-30.1 yg/100 ml;
14.3-29.1 yg/100 ml
12-60 yg/100 ml
10.0-12.6 yg/100 ml
(mean range)
7.0-11.1 yg/100 ml
(mean range)
0.07-0.53 ppm
0-100 yg/ml;
10-27 yg/ml;
10-53 yg/ml
<10-100 + yg %
Not given
<10-110 yg/100 ml
Mean Level
156 Wg/lOOml;
88 yg/100 ml;
14 yg/100 ml
Not given;
Not given
Not given;
Not given
Not given
10.5 yg/100 ml
9.4 yg/100 ml
Not given
21 yg/ml;
21 yg/ml;
16 yg/ml
Not given
0.21 + 0.09 ppm wet wt.
Not given
No. of
Cases
i; i; 3
249; 253
249; 253
12
381
218
39
105; 33;
40
385
43
>84,000
Analytical
Method
Not given
Not given
Not given
AAS
AAS
AAS
X-ray spectrometry
Colorimetry
AAS
Colorimetry
AAS
Comments
Caucasian female; male; children
Fetal blood from controls; fetal
blood from patients living in
lead mining region
Maternal blood from controls;
maternal blood from patients livii
in lead mining region
9 children, 3 adults
Maternal blood. Louisiana
patients ll->35 years old
Cord blood. Louisiana patients
ll->35 years old
Healthy males , mean age 35 . 3
years
New York City residents;
California residents; Ohio
residents
Kansas City children 1-3 years
old
Cincinnati area, white males,
20-84 years old
New York City children of lower
socioeconomic status
Reference
Dickinson et al.,
1972
Fahim et al. ,
1975
Fahim et al . ,
g!975
Fung et al.,
1975
Cershanik et al.,
1974
Gershanik et al . ,
1974
Go f man et al. ,
1964
Goldwater and
Hoover, 1967
Green et al. ,
Gross et al. ,
1975
Guinee, 1972
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
LEAD (continued)
Tissue
Blood
(continued)
Range
9.4-20.9 wg/100 ml
Not given
Not given
10-20 wg/100 g;
10-20 ug/100 g;
10-20 wg/100 g
10-20 yg/100 g;
10-20 wg/100 g;
10-20 wg/100 g
<1-81 wg/100 ml
.001-. 060 mg/100 g
111-295 wg/liter;
76-142 wg/liter;
78-159 wg/liter
Not given
Not given
0.7-7.7 wg/100 ml
<1.109.27 wg/100 ml
Mean Level
Not given
0.011-0.038 mg/100 g
0.011-0.026 mg/100 g
14.0 wg/100 g;
12.5 pg/100 g;
13.2 wg/100 g
12.7 wg/100 g;
11.9 wg/100 g;
12.3 wg/100 g
14.6 wg/100 ml
Not given
160 wg/liter;
96 wg/liter;
114 wg/liter
16.4 0.7 ug/lOOml;
10.5 0.4 ug/lOOml
0.025 mg/100 g wet wt.
3.9 wg/100 ml
13.17 wg/100 ml
No. of
Cases
116
1877
700
11; 13;
24
11; 13;
24
100
897
59
252
Not
given
Not
given
243
Analytical
Method
AAS
Not given
Not given
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
ASV
Colorimetry
AAS
AAS
ES
ES
AAS
Comments
School-aged males
Males from U.S. major cities
Philadelphia residents
New Haven, Connecticut patients,
maternal venous blood: suburban;
urban ghetto; total sample
New Haven, Connecticut patients,
cord blood: suburban; urban
ghetto; total sample
Ann Arbor, Michigan residents,
18-58 years old
Urban and rural area residents
Men; women; 11 women using oral
contraceptives
Los Angeles;
Lancaster
Sudden accident victims. Plasma.
19 cities
Reference
Hammer et al . ,
1971
Hammond, 1969
Hammond, 1969
Harris et al. ,
1972
Harris et al. ,
1972
Hecker et al . ,
1974
Hofreater et al. ,
1961
Hohnadel et al . ,
1973
Johnson et al. ,
1975
Kehoe et al . ,
1940
Koch et al. ,
1956
Kubota et al. ,
1977
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
LEAD (continued)
Tissue
Blood
(continued)
Range
0.024-0.072 yg/109 RBC
0.021-0.076 pg/109 RBC
40-68 pg/100 ml
>40 pg/100 ml
12-28 yg/100 g
Not given
Not given
15.5-21.6 yg/100 g
(geometric means)
10-25 yg/100 ml
50-80 pg/100 ml
Not given
0.17-0.25 yg/g
14-30 pg/100 ml
41-51 pg/100 ml
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
0.044 pg/109 RBC
0.037 pg/109 RBC
48 pg/100 ml
Not given
18.37 pg/100 g
7.2-21.7 pg/100 g
17.3 + 6.4 -
19.9 + 8.1 pg/100 ml
23.3 pg/100 g
20.4 pg/100 ml
56.9 pg/100 ml
0.37 + 0.15 pg/g
0.194 yg/g
22.6 pg/100 ml
45.3 pg/100 ml
0.29 pg/ml
0.03 mg/100 ml;
0.027 mg/100 ml
No. of
Cases
47
46
1369
1
10
4000+
5750
46
343
5
19
Not
given
100
Analytical
Method
AAS
Not given
Not given
Colorimetry
MS
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
AAS
MS
AAS
Not given
Not given
Comments
Maternal; fetal blood. 47
matched pairs.
Children
Found in 53% of cases living
within 1.6 km of smelter
35 samples
Age 25-37 years
DuFont employees from 23
locations
DuPont employees at 23
cities
125 controls; 21 subjects
(chosen from low income)
Children
Healthy adult males
Black children, age 4-6
Normal level
50 poisoned children; 50
controls; New York City
Reference
Kuhnert et al. ,
1977
Landrigan et al. ,
1975
Landrigan et al.,
1975
Lerner, 1975
Manton, 1977
Mclaughlin et
al., 1973
McLaughlin et
al., 1973
Mooty et al. ,
1975
Pueschel et al. ,
1972
Rabinowitz et
al., 1975
Reigart and
Graber, 1976
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Russo et al. ,
1973
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
LEAD (continued)
Tissue
Blood
(continued)
Bone
Range
10-200 vg/100 ml
Not given
0.22-2.7 mg (total blood)
12-77 yg/100 ml
59-68 yg/100 ml
4-86 yg/100 ml
>40 yg/100 ml
0.87-30.5 ug/100 g
Not given
13.5-34.6 pg/100 g;
3.8-43.0 pg/100 g
Not given;
Not given;
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
20.8-43.9 yg/100 ml
(a) 24.2 ug/100 ml;
(b) 22.0 pg/100 ml;
(c) 21.5 wg/100 ml;
(d) 15.2 pg/100 ml;
1.4 mg
Not given
Not given
36 yg/100 ml
Not given
15.7 yg/100 g
23+1.0-84+5.0
pg/100 ml
Not given
14.09 + 11.22 ppm wet wt;
13.81 + 9.09 ppm wet wt.;
7.14 + 4.19 ppm wet wt.;
4.42 + 2.52 ppm wet wt.;
No. of
Cases
1812
28
258
24
Not
given
320
(a) 1 of
79; (b) 3
of 190
60
124
100
45; 44;
45; 44
Analytical
Method
Not given
Colorimetry
ES
AAS
ASV
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
Comments
3 neighborhoods in Chicago,
summer
(a) Urban smokers;
(b) Urban nonsmokers;
(c) Suburban smokers;
(d) Suburban nonsmokers;
Children, ages 1-5 years
(a) 1972; (b) 1974; children
White middle and upper class,
Salt Lake City
Black and Puerto Rican, Bronx,
age 1-6 years
Live near freeway; do not live
near freeway
Cincinnati area white males,
20-84 years old: tibia; skull;
rib; vertebrae
Reference
Sachs, 1974
Scanlon, 1971
Schroeder and
Tipton, 1968
Searle et al. ,
1973
Silbergeld and
Chisolm, 1976
Singh et al. ,
1975
Smith et al. ,
1976
Smith, 1976
Sorrell and
Rosen, 1977
Thomas et al. ,
1967
Gross et al. ,
1975
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
LEAD (continued)
Tissue
Bone
(continued)
Brain
Range
11-214 ppm ash wt.
0.2-32 ppm ash wt.
0.21-1.11 mg/100 g
0.67-3.59 mg/100 g
Not given
Not given
Not given
7.5-195 mg (total tissue)
77-237 yg/g ash
Not given;
Not given
0.01-0.09 mg/100 g wet wt.
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
59 ppm ash wt.
Not given
0.65 mg/100 mg
1.78 mg/100 mg
1.88 mg/100 g wet wt.
0.470 mg/100 g
19 ppm
110.0 mg
Not given
0.11 + 0.05 ppm wet wt.;
0.11 + 0.04 ppm wet wt.
0.04 mg/100 g wet wt.
0.013 mg/100 g wet wt.
0.2 ppm wet wt.
No. of
Cases
120
14
15
15
Not
given
Not
given
2
258
40
39; 41
15
Not
given
3
Analytical
Method
AAS
AAS
ES; Chem.
ES ; Chem .
ES
ES
ES
ES
AAS
Colorimetry
ES
ES
ES
Comments
North and South Carolina adult
and pediatric autopsies
North and South Carolina
pediatric autopsies
Autopsies. Flat bone.
Autopsies. Long bone.
Long bone
Rib bone
1 skeleton
Cincinnati area white males,
20-84 years old: grey; white
Autopsies
Reference
Hammer et al . ,
1973
Hammer et al. ,
1973
Kehoe, 1961
Kehoe, 1961
Kehoe et al.,
1940
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Koch et al. ,
1956
Schroeder and
Tipton, 1968
Strehlow, 1969
Gross et al. ,
1975
Kehoe, 1961
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Kehoe et al.,
1956
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
LEAD (continued)
Tissue
Brain
(continued)
Connective
Diaphragm
Esophagus
Fascia
Feces
Fetal
membranes
Gastrointes-
tinal tract
Range
Not given
Not given
0-8.8 mg (total brain)
<5-39 ug/g ash
0-4.8 mg (total tissue)
<5-29 ug/g ash
<5-70 ug/g ash
Not given
Not given
Not given
9-40 ug/100 g;
11-12 yg/100 g
0-3.1 mg (total organ)
Mean Level
0.08 + 0.01 mg/100 g
dry wt.
0.20 ug/g dry wt.
0.14 mg
5 ug/g asn
1.08 mg
10 ug/g ash
10 pg/g ash
0.10 + 0.05 ppm wet wt.
0.90 + 0.09 ug/g;
1.22 + 0.08 ug/g
0.336 mg/24 hr.
Not given;
Not given
0.15 mg
No. of
Cases
Not
given
Not
given
258
89 of 129
258
75 of 91
55 of 68
43
248
117
249;
253
258
Analytical
Method
ES
Not given
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Colorimetry
AAS
ES
Not given
ES
Comments
Above 1 year old
Normal levels
Cincinnati area white males,
20-84 years old
Los Angeles; Lancaster
Urban
Control patients; patients
living in a lead mining region
Reference
Nusbaum et al. ,
1958
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Schroeder and
Tipton, 1968
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Schroeder and
Tipton, 1968
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Gross et al. ,
1975
Johnson et al. ,
1975
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Fahim et al. ,
1976
Schroeder and
Tipton, 1968
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
LEAD (continued)
Tissue
Hair
Range
Not given
Not given
Not given
2.12-100.00 wg/g
1.96-155.00 wg/g
7.6-61 ppm; 10.6-50 ppm
0.0041-0.01 % dry tissue
6.5-45.9 ppm
0-595 ppm; 0-195 ppm;
0-85 ppm; 0-85 ppm;
0-25 ppm
2-141 wg/g
Mean Level
31.5 wg/g
16.6 wg/g
13.9 wg/g
13.47 ug/g; 11.74 ug/g;
14.07 yg/g; 17.13 pg/g
12.21 yg/g; 10.39 wg/g;
14.50 wg/g; 12.88 wg/g
24.1 ppm; 26.7 ppm
Not given
Not given
107.1 ppm; 44.3 ppm;
14.3 ppm; 12.1 ppm;
7.6 ppm
34 wg/g
No. of
Cases
50
51
34
284; 126;
90; 71
207; 85;
77; 49
25; 25
18
116
45; 25;
37; 21;
38
12
Analytical
Method
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
ES
AAS
AAS
AAS
Comments
Maternal scalp hair. Cincinnati
hospital patients, mean age
22.5 years
Maternal pubic hair. Cincinnati
hospital patients, mean age
22.5 years
Neonatal scalp hair. Cincinnati
hospital patients
New York City children; River-
head; Queens ; Bronx
New York City adults; Riverhead;
Queens; Bronx
Females 13-72 years old; males
9-60 years old
White males, 15-70 years old
Scalp hair from school-aged males
Fourth grade males: lead and
zinc mining and smelting area;
lead and zinc smelting area;
copper smelting area; government
and commercial area; education
and farm trading area
Scalp hair
Reference
Baumslag et al.,
1974
Baumslag et al.,
1974
Baumslag et al. ,
1974
Creason, 1975
Creason, 1975
Eads and
Lambdin, 1973
Goldblum et al. ,
1953
Hammer et al.,
1971
Hammer et al. ,
1971
Hinners et al . ,
1974
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
LEAD (continued)
Tissue
Hair
(continued)
Heart
Range
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
0.05-1.5 mg (total tissue)
Not given
1-2080 pg/g
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
(a) 44.9 + 4.3 pg/g
(b) 19.3 + 3.1 pg/g
(c) 56.2 + 7.0 pg/g
(d) 15.7 + 1.3 pg/g
118 + 100 Pg/g; 27 ug/g
35 pg/g dry wt.
17.8 + 2.2 pg/g;
19+3 pg/g
0.75 mg
44.7 + 0.3 pg/g
Not given
14.5 and 21.8 pg/g
dry wt.
0.08 + 0.04 ppm wet wt.
0.04 mg/100 g wet wt.
0.038 mg/100 g wet wt.
0.20 + 0.01 mg/100 g
dry wt.
No. of
Cases
230
(a) (b),
188
(c) (d)
705
Not
given
180
258
1
260
2
43
15
Not
given
Not
given
Analytical
Method
AAS
AAS
Not given
AAS
ES
AAS
Not given
MS; AAS
Colorimetry
ES; Chem.
ES
ES
Comments
(a) Long hair, Los Angeles
(b) Long hair, Lancaster
(c) Short hair, Los Angeles
(d) Short hair, Lancaster
Study area; controls. Age 6 mo.-
6 yrs . , impoverished section of
Boston
Normal level
117 women; 47 men
Traffic and desk officers, Boston
Irish and Italian
Cincinnati area white males,
20-84 years old
Autopsies
Above 1 year old
Reference
Johnson et al. ,
1975
Pueschel et al. ,
1972
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Schroeder and
Nason, 1969
Schroeder and
Tipton, 1968
Sorenson et al.,
1973
Speizer and
Ferris, 1973
Yurachek et al.,
1969
Gross et al. ,
1975
Kehoe, 1961
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Nusbaum et al . ,
1958
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
LEAD (continued)
Tissue
Heart
(continued)
Intestine
Kidney
Range
0-0.4 mg (total organ)
<5-18 yg/g ash
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
5-82 yg/g ash ;
5-53 yg/g asn ;
5-62 yg/g ash ;
5-90 yg/g ash ;
<5-50 yg/g ash ;
5-77 yg/g ash
Not given;
Not given
15-246 ppm ash wt.
1.4-74 ppm ash wt.
Not given;
Not given
Mean Level
0.02 mg
5 yg/g ash
0.12 + 0.05 ppm wet wt.
0.07 + 0.03 ppm wet wt.
0.023 mg/100 g wet wt.
0 . 3 ppm wet wt . ;
0.8 ppm wet wt.
25 yg/g ash (median);
13 yg/g ash (median);
20 yg/g ash (median);
27 yg/g ash (median);
13 yg/g ash (median);
20 yg/g ash (median)
0.79 + 0.42 ppm wet wt.
0.48 + 0.22 ppm wet wt.
30 ppm ash wt.
Not given
120 yg/g ash;
120 yg/g ash
No. of
Cases
258
79 of 140
45
45
Not
given
i; 7
67 of 68;
97 of 104;
82 of 84;
31;
94 of 109;
41 of 42
45; 44
120
14
12; 12
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
ES
ES
ES
Colorimetry
AAS
AAS
AAS
Comments
Cincinnati area white males,
20-84 years old. Jejunum.
Cincinnati area white males,
20-84 years old. Cecum.
Large intestine; small intestine
Duodenum ;
Jejunum;
Ileum;
Cecum;
Sigmold colon;
Rectum
Cincinnati area white males,
20-84 years old: cortex; medulla
North and South Carolina adult
and pediatric autopsies
North and South Carolina pedi-
atric autopsies
St. Louis area veteran autopsies:
control; emphysema patients
Reference
Schroeder and
Tipton, 1968
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Gross et al. ,
1975
Gross et al. ,
1975
Kehoe et al.,
1940
Koch et al. ,
1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Gross et al. ,
1975
Hammer et al . ,
1973
Hammer et al. ,
1973
Hirst et al.,
1973
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
LEAD (continued)
Tissue
Kidney
(continued)
Range
0.015-0.16 mg/100 g
wet wt.
Not given
522.1-2335.5 pg/g dry wt.
Not given
16-1728 pg/g ash
34-68 pg/g ash
Not given
Not given
0.21-1.1 micromoles/g ash
0.40-3.8 ppm wet wt.
Not given
Mean Level
0.05 mg/100 g wet wt.
0.027 mg/100 g wet wt.
1404 ug/g dry wt.
(a) 49 yg/g ash
(b) 60 pg/g ash
(c) 47 ug/g ash
(d) 50 pg/g ash
69 pg/g ash
54 pg/g ash
0.36 + 0.02 mg/100 g
dry wt.
0.166 mg/g ash;
123 mg/g ash
Not given
1.8 ppm wet wt.
0.27 pg/g dry wt.
No. of
Cases
15
Not
given
5
80
100
46
Not
given
24
150
22
Not
given
Analytical
Method
ES; Chem.
ES
ES
AAS
AAS
AAS
ES
AAS
ES
AAS
Not given
Comments
Autopsies
Normals
(a) controls
(b) hypertensives
(c) heart disease
(d) malignant diseases
Autopsies, VA hospital,
Birmingham, Alabama
Necropsies, VA hospital,
Birmingham , Alabama
Above 1 year old
12 emphysematous; 12 controls
Adults
Sudden deaths, Baltimore,
Maryland
Normal level
Reference
Kehoe, 1961
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Koch et al . ,
1957
Morgan, 1969
Morgan, 1972
Morgan, 1972
Nusbaum et al . ,
1958
Perry et al. ,
1972
Perry et al . ,
1962
Poklis and
Freimuth, 1976
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
LEAD (continued)
Tissue
Kidney
(continued)
Larynx
Liver
Range
0.003-2.0 mg (total
organs)
0-1.5+ mg/100 dry wt.
42-220 pg/g ash
11-140 pg/g ash
Not given
15-785 ppm ash wt.
0.7-167 ppm ash wt.
Not given;
Not given
0.04-0.28 mg/100 g wet wt.
Not given
610-2046 yg/g dry wt.
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
0.34 mg
Not given
98 yg/g ash (median)
64 yg/g ash (median)
0.98 + 0.53 ppm wet wt.
45 ppm ash wt.
Not given
120 yg/g ash;
140 yg/g ash
0.12 mg/100 g wet wt.
0.130 mg/100 g wet wt.
1332 yg/g dry wt.
3.8 ppm wet wt.
0.52 + 0.02 mg/100 g
dry wt.
No. of
Cases
258
Not
given
145
50
45
120
14
12; 12
15
Not
given
3
5
Not
given
Analytical
Method
ES
Not given
ES
ES
Colorimetry
AAS
AAS
AAS
ES; Chem.
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Cancer patients and autopsy
specimens
Cincinnati area white males,
20-84 years old
North and South Carolina adult
and pediatric autopsies
North and South Carolina pedi-
atric autopsies
St. Louis area veteran autopsies:
control; emphysema patients
Autopsies
Normals
Sudden accident victims
Above 1 year old
Reference
Schroeder and
Tipton, 1963
Tietz et al. ,
1957
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Gross et al. ,
1975
Hammer et al. ,
1973
Hammer et al. ,
1973
Hirst et al. ,
1973
Kehoe, 1961
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Koch et al. ,
1957
Koch et al. ,
1957
Nusbaum et al. ,
1958
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
LEAD (continued)
Tissue
Liver
(continued)
Lung
Range
Not given
0.29-1.2 micromole/g ash
Not given
1.0-6.3 ppm wet wt.
Not given
0.72-13.5 mg (total
organ)
0-1.3+ mg/100 g dry wt.
60-250 pg/g ash
Not given
Not given;
Not given
Not given
Not given
1123.2-1338.5 yg/g
dry wt .
Mean Level
0.141 mg/g ash;
0.111 mg/g ash
Not given
276 + 176 yg/g ash
2.5 ppm wet wt.
1.7 pg/g dry wt .
3.1 mg
Not given
130 pg/g ash (median)
0.36 + 0.12 ppm wet wt.
130 pg/g ash;
240 pg/g ash
0.02 mg/100 g wet wt.
0.028 mg/100 g wet wt.
1205 pg/g dry wt.
No. of
Cases
24
150
10
22
Not
given
258
Not
given
150
42
12; 12
15
Not
given
3
Analytical
Method
AAS
ES
ES
AAS
Not given
ES
Not given
ES
Colorimetry
AAS
ES; Chem.
ES
ES
Comments
12 emphysematous; 12 controls
Adults
Accident victims, St. Louis area
Sudden deaths, Baltimore,
Maryland
Normal level
Cancer patients and autopsy
specimens
Cincinnati area white males,
20-84 years old
St. Louis area veteran autopsies:
control; emphysema patients
Autopsies
Normals
Reference
Perry et al. ,
1972
Perry et al. ,
1962
Perry et al. ,
1973
Poklis and
Freimuth, 1976
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Schroeder and
Tipton, 1968
Tietz et al. ,
1957
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Gross et al. ,
1975
Hirst et al. ,
1973
Kehoe, 1961
Kehoe et al.,
1940
Koch et al. ,
1957
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
LEAD (continued)
Tissue
Lung
(continued)
Lymph nodes
Range
Not given
Not given
Not given
0.062-0.68 micromole/g
ash
0.21-1.8 ppm wet wt.
Not given
0.05-6.1 mg (total organs]
Not given
0-1.0 mg/100 g dry wt.
5-550 yg/g ash
15-140 yg/g ash
Not given
Mean Level
1.6 ppm wet wt.
0.23 + 0.02 mg/100 g
dry wt.
0.210 mg/g ash;
0.145 mg/g ash
Not given
0.85 ppm wet wt.
Max. 5500; Min. 50;
Retained 1 yr. 0 yg/yr.
0.39 mg
0.57-1.67 yg/g
Not given
67 yg/g ash (median)
47 yg/g ash (median)
0.86 + 0.93 ppm wet wt.
No. of
Cases
4
Not
given
24
150
22
168
258
66
Not
given
141
141
41
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
AAS
ES
AAS
Not given
ES
AAS;
Not given
ES
ES
Colorimetry
Comments
Sudden accident victims
Above 1 year old
12 emphysema tous; 12 controls
Adults
Sudden deaths, Baltimore,
Maryland
58 cities and 29 nonurban areas
0.57 yg/g females;
1.04 yg/g, males
Cancer patients and autopsy
specimens
Autopsies, 9 cities
Cincinnati area white males,
20-84 years old
Reference
Koch et al. ,
1957
Nusbaum et al. ,
1958
Perry et al . ,
1972
Perry et al . ,
1962
Poklis and
Freimuth, 1976
Schroeder, 1970
Schroeder and
Tipton, 1963
Stringer et al.,
1974
Tietz et al.,
1957
Tipton et al. ,
1964
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Gross et al.,
1975
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
LEAD (continued)
Tissue
Milk
Muscle
Nails
Omentum
Ovary
Range
0.006-0.058 ug/ml
0-0.07 yg/ml
0.0060-0.0202 ppm
Not given
0.010-0.17 mg/100 g wet
wt.
Not given
Not given
0-179.2 mg (total tissue)
<5-16 yg/g ash
0.0097-0.024 % dry tissue
7-220 yg/g ash
<5-27 yg/g ash
Mean Level
0.026 0.011 yg/ml
yg/ml
0.02 yg/ml
0.0109 ppm
0.07 + 0.03 ppm wet wt.
0.03 mg/100 g wet wt.
0.010 mg/100 g wet wt.
0 . 4 ppm wet wt .
1.7 mg
<5 yg/g ash (median)
Not given
30 yg/g ash (median)
13 yg/g ash (median)
No. of
Cases
29
14
14
44
15
Not
given
8
258
65 of 136
18
72 of 74
12 of 16
Analytical
Method
AAS
AAS
AAS
Colorimetry
ES; Chem.
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
United States residents, 23-28
year
Age 21-37 years
Cincinnati area white males,
20-84 years old
Autopsies
Sudden accident victims
Healthy males, 15-70 years old
Reference
Dillen et al. ,
1974
Lamm et al. ,
1973
Pinker ton et al.,
1972
Gross et al. ,
1975
Kehoe, 1961
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Koch et al.,
1957
Schroeder and
Tipton, 1968
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Goldblum et al.,
1953
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
LEAD (continued)
Tissue
Pancreas
Placenta
Prostate
Range
Not given
Not given
0.49-1.8 ppm wet wt.
0-1.1 mg (total organ)
18-130 pg/g ash
Not given
Not given
Not given
6-8 ug/100 g;
7-9 pg/100 g
Not given
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
0.46 + 0.23 ppm wet wt.
2.0 ppm wet wt.
0.92 ppm wet wt.
0.06 mg
49 pg/g ash (median)
1.83 + 2.56 yg/g dry wt.
0.86 + 0.28-3.12 + 0.92
micromoles/g
1.95 + 1.42 micromoles/g
dry wt.
Not given;
Not given
0.293 + 0.025 yg/g
wet wt.
0.20 + 0.22 ppm wet wt.
0.2 ppm wet wt.
No. of
Cases
45
2
22
258
138
234
554
554
249;
253
58
41
4
Analytical
Method
Colorimetry
ES
AAS
ES
ES
AAS
AAS
AAS
Not given
Not given
Colorimetry
ES
Comments
Cincinnati area white males ,
20-84 years old
Sudden accident victims
Sudden deaths, Baltimore,
Maryland
Nashville, Tennessee hospital
patients
Houston, Texas hospital patients
Control patients; patients living
in lead mining district
City hospitals in South and
Southeast
Cincinnati area white males,
20-84 years old
Sudden accident victims
Reference
Gross et al.,
1975
Koch et al.,
1957
Poklis and
Freimuth, 1976
Schroeder and
Tipton, 1968
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Baglan et al. ,
1974
Dawson et al . ,
1960
Dawson, 1969
Fahim et al . ,
1976
Karp and
Robertson, 1977
Gross et al. ,
1975
Koch et al.,
1957
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
LEAD (continued)
Tissue
Prostate
(continued)
Saliva
Skin
Spleen
Range
<5-81 ug/g ash
3-23 ug/100 ml
0.0252-0.134 % dry tissue
Not given
0-11.8 mg (total tissue)
16-120 yg/g ash
Not given
0.01-0.07 mg/100 g wet wt
Not given
595-1208 Mg/g dry wt.
Not given
Not given
0-2.2 mg (total organ)
Mean Level
10 pg/g ash (median)
Not given
Not given
0.08 + 0.03 ppm wet wt.
1.5 mg
46 Pg/g ash (median)
0.33 + 0.15 ppm wet wt.
0.03 mg/100 g wet wt.
0.030 mg/100 g wet wt.
985 wg/g dry wt.
1 . 4 ppm wet wt .
0.28 + 0.04 mg/100 g
dry wt.
0.06 mg
No. of
Cases
44 of 50
12
18
43
258
21 of 22
43
15
Not
given
3
3
Not
given
258
Analytical
Method
ES
AAS
ES
Colorimetry
ES
ES
Colorimetry
ES; Chem.
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
9 children, 3 adults
Healthy males, 15-70 years old
White males, 20-84 years old
Cincinnati area white males,
20-84 years old
Autopsies
Normals
Sudden accident victims
Above 1 year old
Reference
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Fung et al . ,
1975
Goldblum et al.,
1953
Gross et al. ,
1975
Schroeder and
Tipton, 1968
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Gross et al.,
1975
Kehoe, 1961
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Koch et al. ,
1957
Koch et al.,
1957
Nusbaum et al. ,
1958
Schroeder and
Tipton, 1968
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
LEAD (continued)
Tissue
Spleen
(continued)
Stomach
Sweat
Teeth
Range
7-90 pg/g ash
Not given
Not given
Not given
5-35 pg/g ash
8-184 pg/liter;
49-283 ug/liter;
28-171 pg/liter
0.25-5.75 mg/100 g
200-3550 ppm
350-2600 ppm
Not given
50-150 yg/100 ml;
120-220 yg/100 ml
Mean Level
27 pg/g ash (median)
0.10 + 0.05 ppm wet wt.
0.022 mg/100 g wet wt.
1.0 ppm wet wt.
12 pg/g ash (median)
51 + 42 ug/liter;
118 + 72 pg/liter;
101 + 49 pg/liter
1.51 mg/100 g
1790 + 960 ppm
1410 + 660 ppm
5.0 + 5.9 ppm
140 pg/100 ml;
218 pg/100 ml
No. of
Cases
L38 of 143
45
Not
given
3
L23 of 131
33; 15;
11
82
35
15
153
36; 32
Analytical
Method
ES
Colorimetry
ES
ES
ES
AAS
ES
AAS
AAS
AAS
Not given
Comments
Cincinnati area white males,
20-84 years old
Sudden accident victims
Males; females; females (oral
contraceptives)
Cincinnati residents
Left maxillary central incisor.
Cambridge, Massachusetts, 9-15
year olds. Enamel.
Left maxillary central incisor.
Cambridge, Massachusetts, 9-15
year olds. Enamel.
115 donors from ages 3.5 to 12
years
Control children; exposed urban
children; mostly black, 60%
female
Reference
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Gross et al.,
1975
Kehoe et al . ,
1940
Koch et al. ,
1957
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Hohnadel et al. ,
1973
Altshuller et
al., 1962
Brudevold et al.,
1975
Brudevold et al . ,
1975
Chatman and
Wilson, 1975
de la Burde and
Shapiro, 1975
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
LEAD (continued)
Tissue
Teeth
(continued)
Testis
Thyroid
Range
Not given
1.0-6.5 ug/g
2-700 ppm;
0-80 ppm
Not given
30->400 yg/g
254-336 yg/g ash
Not given
Not given
5-27 yg/g ash
Not given
Not given
5-54 yg/g ash
Mean Level
5.1-19.9 ppm
(geometric mean)
3.1 + 0.16 yg/g
15.1 + 109.0 ppm;
11.1 + 14.8 ppm
198 yg/g;
41.7 yg/g
Not given
Not given
0.15 + 0.09 ppm wet wt.
0.3 ppm wet wt.
12 yg/g ash (median)
0.17 + 0.11 ppm wet wt.
1.0 ppm wet wt.
10 yg/g ash
No. of
Cases
324
56
109
761
760
40
43
1
68 of 72
40
2
20 of 21
Analytical
Method
AAS
MS
AAS
Not given
EC
AAS
Colorimetry
ES
ES
Colorimetry
ES
ES
Comments
Children in lead paint area
<20 years old, wide geographic
area
69 urban; 40 suburban
Old housing; new housing
Philadelphia school children
1 skeleton
Cincinnati area white males,
20-84 years old
Sudden accident victims
Cincinnati area white males,
20-84 years old
Sudden accident victims
Reference
Lockeretz, 1975
Losee et al. ,
1973
Needleman et al.,
1972
Needleman et al.,
1974
Needleman and
Shapiro, 1974
Strehlow, 1969
Gross et al. ,
1975
Koch et al. ,
1957
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Gross et al. ,
1975
Koch et al. ,
1957
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
LEAD (continued)
Tissue
Trachea
Umbilical cord
Urine
Range
0.6-8.8 ppm wet wt.
15-120 yg/g ash
9-11 yg/100 g;
11-12 yg/100 g
22-129 yg/24 hr.
Not given
0->241 yg/liter;
0->241 yg/liter;
161->241 yg/liter;
0->241 ug/liter
Not given
0-118 yg/liter;
15-75 yg/liter;
10-50 yg/liter
Not given
Not given
0.002-0.081 mg/liter
Mean Level
3.0 ppm wet wt.
44 yg/g ash (median)
Not given; not given
Not given
325 + 167 yg/liter;
77 + 92 yg/liter
Not given;
146 yg/100 liter;
325 yg/100 liter;
77 yg/liter
86 yg/24 hr.
38 yg/liter;
38 yg/liter;
31 yg/liter
0.06 + 0.11 ppm wet wt.
0.009-0.034 mg/100 g
Not given
No. of
Cases
17
60
249; 253
11
4; 24
92; 50;
4; 24
1
110; 27;
40
8
438
897
Analytical
Method
AAS
ES
Not given
ASV; AAS
Not given
Not given
Not given
Color ime try
Colorimetry
Not given
Colorimetry
Comments
Sudden deaths, age 17-74 years,
Baltimore, Maryland
Control patients; patients living
in a lead mining region
Children 13-67 months of age
Hyperactive children with history
of lead poisoning; nonhyper active
children
Hyperactive and nonhyperactive
children; hyperactive; hyper-
active with history of lead
poisoning; nonhyperactive
Caucasian female
New York City residents; Cali-
fornia residents; Ohio residents
Cincinnati area white males,
20-84 years old
Philadelphia residents
Urban and rural area residents
Reference
Poklis and
Freimuth, 1975
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Fahim et al. ,
1976
Chisolm et al. ,
1975
David, 1974
David, 1972
Dickinson et al. ,
1972
Goldwater and
Hoover, 1967
Gross et al. ,
1975
Hammond, 1969
Hofreater et al. ,
1961
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
LEAD (continued)
Tissue
Urine
Uterus
Range
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
20.1-25.3 pg/liter
(geometric means)
Not given
0.4-4.7 pg/100 ml
122.1-233.4 pg/g;
2.8-313.6 pg/g
<5-29 pg/g ash
Mean Level
14.3 + 0.7 pg/liter;
10.5+1.0 pg/liter
0.027 mg/liter
0.023 pg/ml
27.1 + 16.2-29.0 + 13.3
pg/liter
23.3 pg/liter
(geometric means)
(a) 120 pg/liter
(b) 110 pg/liter
(c) 126 pg/liter
(d) 149 pg/liter
(e) 97.2 pg/liter
Not given
188.3 + 37.9 pg/g;
92.3 + 64.8 pg/g
5 pg/g ash (median)
No. of
Cases
402
Not
given
Not
given
4000+
5750
32
10
41
20 of 32
Analytical
Method
AAS
ES
Not given
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
ES
AAS
Not given
ES
Comments
Los Angeles; Lancaster
Normal level
DuPont employees from 23
locations
DuPont employees from 23
locations
(a) normals
(b) females
(c) males
(d) blacks
(e) non-blacks
Reamed teeth; sectioned teeth,
Philadelphia
Reference
Johnson et al . ,
1975
Kehoe et al . ,
1940
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
McLaughlin et
al., 1973
McLaughlin et
al., 1973
Perry and Perry,
1959
Searle et al. ,
1973
Shapiro et al. ,
1975
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
LITHIUM
Tissue
Blood
Hair
Placenta
Teeth
Range
Not given
Not given
0.009-0.300 Wg/g
0.009-0.228 Wg/g
Not given
<0.1-4.2 wg/g
Not given
Mean Level
0.78+0.01 meq. /liter
48 + 0.01 meq. /liter
0.044 ug/g
0.056 ug/g
0.010 + 0.002 wg/g wet
wt.
1.6 + 0.12 yg/g
0.35 + 0.02 ppm;
0.07 + 0.02 ppm
No. of
Cases
260
260
277
206
58
56
208
Analytical
Method
AAS
AAS
Flame photometry
Flame photometry
Not given
MS
MS
Comments
Adult Kansas City, Kansas
residents. Serum.
Adult Kansas City, Missouri
residents. Serum.
New York City children ages 0-15
New York City adults ages > 16
Southern and Southeastern city
hospital patients
<20 years old. Enamel.
New England residents <20 years
old with high caries; South
Carolina residents <20 years old
with low caries. Enamel.
Reference
Bierenbaum et al.
1975
Bierenbaum et al.
1975
Creason, 1975
Creason, 1975
Karp and
Robertson, 1977
Losee et al. ,
1973
Curzon and Losee,
1977
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
LUTETIUM
Tissue
Blood
TX-4907
7-24-78
Range
0.00-0.13 ppm
Mean Level
Not given
No. of
Cases
39
Analytical
Method
X-rav spectrometry
Comments
Healthy males; mean age 35.3 yrs.
Serum.
Reference
Go f man et al. ,
1964
-------
MAGNESIUM
Tissue
Adipose
Adrenal
Alimentary
trace
Aorta
Bladder
Blood
Range
0.0060-0.0063% wet wt.
Not given
Not given
0.46-1.5 g/100 g ash
0.013-0.0213 % wet wt.
Not given
130-1740 ug/g dry wt.
230-600 micromole/g ash
0.94-2.0 g/100 g ash
Not given
0.86-2.3 g/100 g ash
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
Not given
24 + 0.2 ug/g wet wt.
60 ppm wet wt.
0.84 g/100 g ash (median)
Not given
140 ppm wet wt.
279-919 yg/g dry wt.
Not given
1.4 g/100 g ash (median)
150 ppm wet wt.
1.4 g/100 g ash (median)
2.03 + 0.01 mg/liter;
1.91+0.01 mg/liter
38 + 0.4 pg/g wet wt.
No. of
Cases
2
150
1
10
2
1
46
100
94
2
98
520
150
Analytical
Method
Color ime try
ES
Color ime try
ES
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
AAS
ES
ES
Colorimetry
ES
AAS
ES
Comments
1 white (age 60) and 1 black
(age 48) male
Accidental deaths
Sudden accident victims
Adults
1 white (age 60) and 1 black
(age 48) male
Sudden accident victims
Autopsies. 5 mo - 91 yrs old.
Various diseases. Chicago.
Adults
Adults
Sudden accident victims
Adults
Kansas; Missouri; half in hard-
water and half in soft-water
area
Accidental deaths
Reference
Forbes et al. ,
1956
Schroeder et al.,
1969
Koch et al., 1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Forbes et al. ,
1956
Koch et al., 1956
Marks et al . ,
1972
Perry, 1968
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al., 195f
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Bierenbaum et
al., 1975
Schroeder et al. ,
1969
TX-4907
7-2-V 78
-------
MAGNESIUM (continued)
Tissue
Bone
Brain
Diaphragm
Esophagus
Feces
Range
0.168-0.191% wet wt.
2.4-3.2 pg/g dry wt.
Not given
Not given
Not given
260-490 micromole/g ash
Not given
0.58-1.2 g/100 g ash
1.2-2.5 g/100 g ash
Not given
1.0-2.0 g/100 g ash
Not given
Mean Level
Not given
2.8 + 0.33 wg/g dry wt.
140 ppm wet wt.
1100 +25.2 ug/g wet wt.
140 ppm wet wt.
Not given
150 +3.4 pg/g wet wt.
0.90 g/100 g ash (median)
1.7 g/100 g ash (median)
80 ppm wet wt.
1.4 g/100 g ash (median)
170 + 19 and 200 + 13
rag/day
No. of
Cases
2
40; 81
2
150
2
100
150
108
91
2
57
2
Analytical
Method
Colorimetry
AAS
Colorimetry
ES
Colorimetry
ES
ES
ES
ES
Colorimetry
ES
Flame photometry
Comments
1 white (age 60) and 1 black
(age 48) male. Skeletal bone.
Normals. Osteogenic sarcomas.
Sudden accident victims
Accidental deaths
Sudden accident victims
Adults
Accidental deaths
Adults
Adults
Sudden accident victims
Adults
Healthy males; age 23 and 25 yrs.
University of Cincinnati
Reference
Forbes et al. ,
1956
Jones et al. ,
1972
Koch et al., 1956
Schroeder et al.,
1969
Koch et al., 1956
Perry, 1968
Schroeder et
al., 1969
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al., 1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton et al. ,
1969
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
MAGNESIUM (continued)
Tissue
Gastro-
intestinal
tract
Hair
Heart
Intestines
Range
Not given
0.001-0.010 % dry wt.
15-166 pg/g
Not given
Not given
0.0120-0.0168% wet wt.
430-860 micromole/g ash
Not given
1.1-2.3 g/100 g ash
Not given
0.85-1.7 g/100 g ash
0.92-2.1 g/100 g ash
Mean Level
L25 + 9.6 vig/g wet wt.
tot given
67.66 pg/g
49.7 + 8.6 ug/g;
85.7 + 13.8 vg/g
16.4 and 14.5 pg/g dry wt.
Not given
Not given
180 +5.5 yg/g wet wt.
1.6 g/100 g ash (median)
150 ppm wet wt.
1.3 g/100 g ash (median)
1.2 g/100 g ash (median)
No. of
Cases
150
18
12
180
2
2
100
150
122
9
60
83
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
AAS
AAS
•IS; AAS
Colorimetry
ES
ES
ES
Colorimetry
ES
ES
Comments
Accidental deaths
Age 15-70 yrs. White.
Males and females. Various ages.
Diverse geographic areas.
117 women; 47 men
1 white (age 60) and 1 black
(age 48) male
Adults
Accidental deaths
Adults
Sudden accident victims
Adults. Duodenum.
Adul ts . Je j unum .
Reference
Schroeder et al.,
1969
Goldblum et al . ,
1953
Hinners et al. ,
1974
Schroeder and
Nason, 1969
Yurachek et al . ,
1969
Forbes et al. ,
1956
Perry, 1968
Schroeder et al.,
1969
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al., 1956
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
MAGNESIUM (continued)
Tissue
Intestines
Kidney
Larynx
Range
1.1-3.8 g/100 g ash
1.6-5.0 g/100 g ash
1.3-4.5 g/100 g ash
1.4-3.7 g/100 s ash
0.0169-0.0236% wet wt.
542.1-2335.2 yg/g dry wt.
Not given
450-720 micromole/g ash
360-680 micromole/g ash
Not given
0.88-1.7 g/100 g ash
0.71-1.8 g/100 g ash
Mean Level
1.8 g/100 g ash (median)
2.7 g/100 g ash (median)
2.0 g/100 g ash (median)
2.3 g/100 g ash (median)
Not given
1404 pg/g dry wt.
160 ppm
Not given
Not given
129 +3.3 ug/g wet wt.
1.2 g/100 g ash (median)
1.1 g/100 g ash (median)
No. of
Cases
77
31
88
41
2
5
6
100
150
150
121
49
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
Colorimetry
Not given
Colorimetry
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Adults. Ileum.
Adults. Cecum.
Adults. Sigmoid colon.
Adults. Rectum.
1 white (age 60) and 1 black
(age 48) male
Normal levels
Sudden accident victims
Adults
Adults
Accidental deaths
Adults
Adults
Reference
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Forbes et al. ,
1956
Koch et al., 1957
Koch et al., 1956
Perry, 1968
Perry et al. ,
1972
Schroeder et al.,
1969
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
MAGNESIUM (continued)
Tissue
Liver
Lungs
Range
0.0050-0.0081% wet wt.
610-2046 yg/g dry wt.
Not given
390-820 micromole/g ash
340-750 micromole/g ash
Not given
0.83-1.8 g/100 g ash
Not given
0.0047-0.0069% wet wt.
1123.2-1338.5 yg/g dry wt.
Not given
244-820 yg/g dry wt.
300-600 micromole/g ash
260-550 micromole/g ash
Mean Level
Not given
1332 yg/g dry wt.
140 ppm wet wt.
Not given
Not given
172 + 5.2 yg/g wet wt.
1.3 g/100 g ash (median)
128 + 44.0 ppm wet wt.
103 +28.0 ppm wet wt.
Not given
1205 yg/g dry wt.
80 ppm wet wt.
517-518 yg/g dry wt.
Not given
Not given
No. of
Cases
2
3
7
100
150
150
126
12
2
3
4
26
100
150
Analytical
Method
Colorimetry
Not given
Colorimetry
ES
ES
ES
ES
Chem; ES
Colorimetry
Not given
Colorimetry
AAS
ES
ES
Comments
1 white (age 60) and 1 black
(age 48) male
Normal levels
Sudden accident victims
Adults
Adults
Accidental deaths
Adults
7 noncirrhotic; 5 cirrhotic
patients
1 white (age 60) and 1 black
(age 48) male
Normal levels
Sudden accident victims
Autopsies. 5 mo - 91 yrs. old.
Various diseases. Chicago area
Adults
Adults
Reference
Forbes et al . ,
1956
Koch et al., 1957
Koch et al., 1956
Perry, 1968
Perry et al. ,
1962
Schroeder et
al., 1969
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Vallee et al.,
1957
Forbes et al.
1956
Koch et al., 1957
Koch et al., 1956
Marks et al.,
1972
Perry, 1968
Perry et al. ,
1962
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
MAGNESIUM (continued)
Tissue
Lungs
Muscle
Myocardium
Nails
Nerve
Omentum
Ovary
Range
Not given
3,800-16,000 yg/g ash
0.62-1.3 g/100 g ash
0.017-0.0198% wet wt.
Not given
Not given
0.98-2.4 g/100 g ash
613-1590 yg/g dry wt.
0.0023-0.011% dry wt.
0.0097-0.0107% wet wt.
0.65-1.9 g/100 g ash
0.70-1.2 g/100 g ash
Mean Level
71 + 2.2 yg/g wet wt.
9100 yg/g ash
0.86 g/100 g ash (median)
Not given
320 ppm wet wt.
189 +7.2 yg/g wet wt.
1.5 g/100 g ash (median)
724-1290 yg/g dry wt.
Not given
Not given
1.2 g/100 g ash (median)
0.87 g/100 g ash (median)
No. of
Cases
150
119
119
2
12
150
119
26
18
2
72
16
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
Colorimetry
Color ime try
ES
ES
AAS
ES
Colorimetry
ES
ES
Comments
Accidental deaths
Autopsies. 9 cities.
Adults
1 white (age 60) and 1 black
(age 48) male
Sudden accident victims
Accidental deaths
Adults
Autopsies. 5 mo - 91 yrs. old.
Various diseases. Chicago area.
Age 15-70 yrs. White.
1 white (age 60) and 1 black
(age 48) male
Adults
Adults
Reference
Schroeder et al . ,
1969
Tipton et al. ,
1964
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Forbes et al. ,
1956
Koch et al., 1956
Schroeder et al. ,
1969
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Marks et al. ,
1972
Goldblum et al . ,
1953
Forbes et al. ,
1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
MAGNESIUM (continued)
Tissue
Pancreas
Placenta
Prostate
Skin
Range
Not given
Not given
15-24 g/100 g ash
Not given
Not given
Not given
1.1-2.2 g/100 g ash
0.0048-0.0102% wet wt.
0.001-0.015% dry wt.
Not given
75-112 mg/kg dry wt.
0.60-1.1 g/100 g ash
Mean Level
260 ppm wet wt.
160 +4.4 ug/g wet wt.
20 g/100 g ash (median)
0.98 + 0.34 micromole/g
dry wt.
0.71 + 0.17 - 1.48 +
0.25 micromole/g dry wt.
300 ppm wet wt.
1.5 g/100 g ash (median)
Not given
Not given
59 + 4.0 yg/g wet wt.
Not given
0.86 g/100 g ash (median)
No. of
Cases
3
150
114
554
554
2
40
2
18
150
27
19
Analytical
Method
Colorimetry
ES
ES
AAS
AAS
Colorimetry
ES
Colorimetry
ES
ES
AAS
ES
Comments
Sudden accident victims
Accidental deaths
Adults
Normal deliveries, Houston, Texas
Sudden accident victims
Adults
1 white (age 60) and 1 black
(age 48) male
Age 15-70 yrs. White.
Accidental deaths
Adults
Reference
Koch et al., 1956
Schroeder et al . ,
1969
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Dawson, 1969
Dawson et al . ,
1968
Koch et al., 1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Forbes et al. ,
1956
Goldblum et al. ,
1953
Schroeder et al.,
1969
Subryan et al. ,
1975
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
MAGNESIUM (continued)
Tissue
Spleen
Stomach
Teeth
Testis
Thyroid
Range
Not given
Not given
595-1208 ug/g dry wt.
445-1080 ng/g dry wt.
270-590
Not given
0.70-1.5 g/100 g ash
Not given
0.90-2.0 g/100 g ash
88-5720 ppm
Not given
Not given
0.78-1.5 g/100 g ash
Not given
Mean Level
0.0124% wet wt.
85 ppm wet wt.
985 pg/g dry wt.
567-716 pg/g dry wt.
Not given
128 +4.2 ug/g wet wt.
0.92 g/100 g ash (median)
320 ppm wet wt.
1.4 g/100 g ash (median)
1650 + 890 ppm
0.618% wet wt.
150 ppm
1.0 g/100 g ash (median)
160 ppm wet wt.
No. of
Cases
2
5
3
26
100
150
123
3
110
35
2
2
68
2
Analytical
Method
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
Not given
AAS
ES
ES
ES
:olorimetry
ES
AAS
:olorrmetry
Colorimetry
ES
Colorimetry
Comments
1 white (age 60) and 1 black
(age 48) male
Sudden accident victims
Normal levels
Autopsies. 5 mo - 91 yrs. old.
Various diseases. Chicago area.
Adults
Accidental deaths
Adults
Sudden accident victims
Adults
School children in Cambridge,
Mass.
1 white (age 60) and 1 black
(age 48) male
Sudden accident victims
Adults
Sudden accident victims
Reference
Forbes et al.
1956
Koch et al., 1956
Koch et al., 1957
Marks et al., 1972
Perry, 1968
Schroeder et al.,
1969
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al., 1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Brudevold et al.,
1975
Forbes et al. ,
1956
Koch et al., 1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al., 1956
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
MAGNESIUM (continued)
Tissue
Thyroid
(continued)
Trachea
Urine
Uterus
Range
0.23-1.5 g/100 g ash
0.71-1.8 g/100 g ash
Not given
0.80-1.7 g/100 g ash
Mean Level
0.90 g/100 g ash (median)
1.2 g/100 g ash (median)
98+5 and 92+4 mg/day
1.1 g/100 g ash (median)
No. of
Cases
14
57
2
30
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
Flame photometry
ES
Comments
Adults
Adults
Healthy males, age 23 and 25 yrs.
University of Cincinnati
Adults
Reference
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Tipton et al.,
1969
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
MANGANESE
Tissue
Adrenal
Aorta
Bladder
Blood
Range
Not given
24-49 ug/8 ash
0.11-0.69 micromoles/g
ash
Not given
4-17 ug/g ash
Not given
6-40 ug/g ash
Not given
Not given
0.36-0.90 ng/ml
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
36 ± 3.1 ppm ash
32 ug/g ash
Not given
11 ± 1.2 ppm ash
8 ug/g ash
18 ± 1.7 ppm ash
13 ug/g ash
0.0025 ± 0.0002;
0.0028 ± 0.0002;
0.0013 ± 0.0001;
0.0040 ± 0.0001 mg/lOOml
0.587 ± 0.183;
8.44 ± 2.73 wg/liter
Not given
0.00-0.06 ppm
0.015 ug/lOOg
No . of
Cases
13
13
100
95
95
109
109
266
14
12
39
Not
given
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
NAA
Colorimetry
X-ray spectrometry
ES
Comments
Adults from 15 cities
Adults
Adults
Adults from 15 cities
Adults
Adults from 15 cities
Adults
122 blood donors; 96 surgical
and degenerative disease
patients (Serum) ; 48 normals
(Serum) ; 48 normals (Whole
blood)
Plasma; whole blood. Normals.
Los Angeles, California lab
workers. Serum
Healthy males mean age 35.3 yrs.
Serum
1
Reference
Schroeder et al. ,
1966
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Perry, 1968
Schroeder et al.,
1966
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Schroeder et al.,
1966
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Butt et al. ,
1964
Cotzias et al. ,
1967
Fernandez et al.,
1963
Go f man et al. ,
1964
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
MANGANESE (continued)
Tissue
Blood
(continued)
Body, total
content
Bone
Brain
Diaphragm
Range
Not given
Not given
3.5-5.2; 2.4-10.3 yg/g
dry wt.
Not given
Not given
Not given
0.26-0.62 micromoles/g
ash
Not given
Not given
10-32 yg/g ash
Not given
6-32 yg/g ash
Mean Level
0.15 y g/ml
12 yg
4.6 ± 1.62; 6.6 ± 4.37
yg/g dry wt.
0.300 yg/lOOg;
0.170 yg/lOOg wet wt.
2 ppm ash
0.13 ± 0.01 ng/g dry wt.
Not given
1.00 yg/g dry wt.
20 ± 0.7 ppm ash
18 Ug/g ash
17 ± 1.2 ppm ash
15 yg/g ash
No. of
Cases
Not
given
168
40;
81
Not
given
91
99
100
Not
given
127
127
91
91
Analytical
Method
Not given
Not given
AAS
ES
ES
ES •
ES
Not given
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Autopsies from 58 cities and 29
rural areas
Normals; osteogenic sarcomas
Long bone; rib bone
Adults from 15 cities
Above 1 yr. old
Adults
Adults from 15 cities
Adults
Adults from 15 cities
Adults
Reference
Rentoul and Smith
1973
Schroeder, 1970
Janes et al. ,
1972
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Schroeder et al. ,
1966
Nusbaum et al. ,
1958
Perry, 1968
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Schroeder et al. ,
1966
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Schroeder et al. ,
1966
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
MANGANESE (continued)
Tissue
Esophagus
Faces
Hair
Range
Not given
6-40 wg/g ash
Not given
0.08-20 ppm
0.05-12.0; 0.07-11.0 ug/g
0.8-3.2;
-------
MANGANESE (continued)
Tissue
Heart
Intestines
Kidney
Range
Not given
Not given
0.27-0.086 micromoles/g
ash
Not given
Not given
12-40 yg/g ash
Not given
Not given
25-100; 32-120; 33-200;
24->400; 16-150; 11-180
yg/g ash
Not given
Not given
0.82-2.7 micromoles/g ash
Mean Level
0.032 yg/lOOg wet wt.
0.15 ± 0.01 mg/lOOg dry
wt.
Not given
0.88 yg/g dry wt.
23 ± 0.9 ppm ash
20 yg/g ash
0.035 ug/lOOg wet wt.
70 ± 10.0; . 68 ± 3.9;
110 ± 11.0; 180 ± 31.0;
76 ± 9.7; 82 ± 19.0
ppm ash
57; 58; 74; 110; 46;
39 yg/g ash
0.060 yg/lOOg wet wt.
0.30 ± 0.01 mg/lOOg dry
wt.
Not given
No. of
Cases
Not
given
186
100
Not
given
139
139
Not
given
67; 101;
84; 31;
107; 42
67; 101;
84; 31;
107; 42
Not
given
316
150
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
Not given
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Above 1 year old
Adults
Adults from 15 cities
Adults
Adults from 15 cities; duodenum;
jejunum; ileum; cecum; sigmoid
colon; rectum.
Adults. Duodenum; jejunum; ileum;
cecum; sigmoid colon; rectum.
Above 1 year old
St. Louis adults, died unexpec-
tedly
Reference
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Nusbaum et al. ,
1958
Perry, 1968
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Schroeder et al.,
1966
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Schroeder et al. ,
1966
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Nusbaum et al. ,
1958
Perry et al. ,
1962
TX-4907
-------
MANGANESE (continued)
Tissue
Kidney
(continued)
Larynx
Liver
Range
0.73-2.0 micromoles/g
ash
Not given
Not given
0-1.5 mg/lOOg dry wt.
45-150 yg/g ash
Not given
2-18 yg/g ash
Not given
Not given
Not given
1.0-4.0 micromoles/g ash
1.5-4.2 micromoles/g ash
Mean Level
Not given
3.34 pg/g dry wt.
91 ± 4.0 ppm ash
Not given
82 pg/g ash
8 ± 1.1 ppm ash
6 yg/g ash
0.205 yg/lOOg wet wt.
138; 142; 184; 153
ug/g ash
0.53 ± 0.02 mg/lOOg dry
wt.
Not given
Not given
No. of
Cnses
100
Not
given
143
Not
given
143
35
35
Not
given
104
315
150
100
Analytical
Method
ES
Not given
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
AAS
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Adults
Adults from 15 cities
Chicago area cancer patients
Adults
Adults from 15 cities
Adults
Male autopsies at Birmingham
veterans hospital: controls;
emphysema; emphysema and cancer;
cancer
Above 1 year old
St. Louis adults who died
unexpectedly
Adults
Reference
Perry, 1968
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Schroeder et al. ,
1966
Tietz et al. ,
1957
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Schroeder et al. ,
1966
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Morgan, 1972
Nusbaum et al. ,
1958
Perry et al. ,
1962
Perry, 1968
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
MANGANESE (continued)
Tissue
Liver
Range
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
0-1.5 mg/lOOg dry wt.
Not Given
55-220 vig/g ash
Not Given
Not Given
0.15-0.81 micromole/g ash
0.25-1.3 micromole/g ash
50-1700 ug/g
Not Given
0^1 mg/lOOg dry wt.
Mean Level
28.5±114 yg/g ash
4.65 Mg/g dry wt.
130±7.0 ppm ash
Not Given
1.3±0.3 ppm wet wt.
17±0.56 ppm wet wt.
100 Pg/g ash
0.022 ug/lOOg wet wt.
0.18±0,01 mg/lOOg dry
wt.
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
24±2.0 ppm ash
Not Given
No. of
Cases
10
Not Given
148
Not Given
7? 5
148
Not Given
97
150
100
168
141
Not Given
Analytical
Method
ES
Not Given
ES
ES
Chemical and/or
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Not Given
ES
ES
Comments
St. Louis area male residents
killed in accidents
Adults from 15 cities
Chicago area cancer patients
Noncirrhotic patients, cirrhotic
patients
Adults
Above 1 year of age
St. Louis adults who died
unexpectedly
Adults 10th and 90th percentiles
Autopsies from 58 cities and 29
rural areas
Adults from 15 cities
Chicago area cancer patients
Reference
Perry et al. ,
1973
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Schroeder et al.
1966
Tietz et al. ,
1957
Vallee et al. ,
1957
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Nusbaum et al. ,
1958
Perry et al. ,
1962
Perry, 1968
Schroeder, 1970
Schroeder et al.,
1966
Tietz et al. ,
1957
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
MANGANESE (continued)
Tissue
Lung
Muscle
Nails
Omentum
Ovary
Pancreas
Range
5-170 pg/g ash
8-43 pg/g ash
Not Given
Not Given
2-14 pg/g ash
6.3 x 10~8 - 3.3 x 10~?
% dry wt.
0.43-3.81 pg/gm
0.42-1.38 ug/gm
Not Given
Not Given
13-78 pg/g ash
Not Given
9-32 ug/g ash
Not Given
Mean Level
24 pg/g ash
17 pg/g ash
0.050 pg/lOOg wet wt.
6±0 . 4 ppm ash
5 ug/g ash
Not Given
1.91+1.38 ug/g
0.87+0.31 pg/g
0.66 pg/g, 1.199 yg/g,
0.61 yg/g
48±9.8 ppm ash
29 pg/g ash
18±2.2 ppm ash
16 yg/g ash
110±4.9 ppm ash
No. of
Cases
141
141
Not Given
133
133
18
6
12
13, 18
12
75
75
16
16
138
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
NAA
NAA
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Autopsies from 9 cities
Adults
Adults from 15 cities
Adults
White males, 15-70 years old
Thumbnails, children, adults
Controls, dialysis patients,
uremics
Adults from 15 cities
Adults
Adults from 15 cities
Adults
Adults from 15 cities
Reference
Tipton et al. ,
1964
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Schroeder et al.
1966
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Goldblum et al. ,
1953
Kanabrocki et al
1968
Mahler et al. ,
1970
Schroeder et al.
1966
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Schroeder et al.
1966
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Schroeder et al.
1966
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
MANGANESE (continued)
Tissue
Pancreas
Placenta
Prostate
Saliva
Skin
Spleen
Range
54-200 ug/g ash
Not Given
Not Given
7-28 ug/g ash
0.05-0.79 yg/lOOml
2.4xlO~9-6.1xlO~7 % dry
wt.
Not Given
6-17 ug/g ash
Not Given
Not Given
0.19-0.74 micromole/g ash
Not Given
5-19 yg/g ash
Mean Level
98 ug/g ash
0.115±0.011 ug/g wet wt.
19 ±2. 9 ppm ash
14 ug/g ash
0.28±0.06 ug/lOOml
Not Given
22 ±10.0 ppm ash
13 ug/g ash
0.022 ug/lOOg wet wt.
0.14±0.01 Wg/g dry wt.
Not Given
11 ±0.8 ppm ash
9 ug/g ash
No. of
Cases
138
58
50
50
21
18
22
22
Not Given
98
100
143
143
Analytical
Method
ES
Not Given
ES
ES
NAA
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Adults
Southern and Southeastern
hospital patients
Adults from 15 cities
Adults
Normal adults
White males, 15-70 years old
Adults from 15 cities
Adults from 15 cities
Above 1 year of age
Adults 10th and 90th percentiles
Adults from 15 cities
Adults
Reference
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Karp and
Robertson, 1977
Schroeder et al.
1966
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Kanabrocki et al
1965
Goldblum et al. ,
1953
Schroeder et al.
1966
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Nusbaum et al. ,
1958
Perry, 1968
Schroeder et al.
1966
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
MANGANESE (continued)
Tissue
Stomach
Teeth
Testes
•
Thyroid
Trachea
Urine
Range
Not Given
Not Given
22-74 yg/g ash
0.08-1.10 ug/g
Not Given
8-21 ug/g ash
Not Given
9-35 ug/g ash
Not Given
7-24 ug/g ash
Not Given
Not Given
Mean Level
0.030 ug/lOOg wet wt.
47+2.5 ppm ash
42 ug/g ash
0.32±0.00 ug/g
14±0.6 ppm ash
12 ug/g ash
19+2.3 ppm ash
17 ug/g ash
14±1.0 ppm ash
12 ug/g ash
0.82±0.34 ug/g day
0.01 yg/liter
No. of
Cases
Not Given
129
129
56
72
72
21
21
54
54
16
Not Given
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
MS
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
NAA
ES
Comments
Adults from 15 cities
Adults
< 20 years old. Enamel
Adults from 15 cities
Adults
Adults from 15 cities
Adults
Adults from 15 cities
Adults
Dialyzed urine
Reference
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Schroeder et al.
1966
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Losee et al. ,
1973
Schroeder et al.
1966
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Schroeder et al.
1966
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Schroeder et al.
1966
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Kanabrocki et al
1965
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
MANGANESE (continued)
Tissue
Urine
Uterus
TX-4907
7-24-78
Range
< 12-66 Wg/liter
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
7-20 pg/g ash
Mean Level
26.7 pg/liter
23.4 pg/liter
29.1 ug/liter
30.3 ug/liter
25.1 ug/liter
< 15.3 vig/liter
28.4 ug/liter
23.5 yg/liter
35 ppb, 65 ppb
0.043±0.08 rag/day,
0.053±0.016 mg/day
12±1.3 ppm ash
10 pg/g ash
No. of
Cases
24
10
14
10
14
8
15; 15
2
31
31
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
Not Given
Flame photometry
ES
ES
Comments
Normal Americans ages 4-69 years,
females, males, negroes, Cau-
casians
American hypercholesterolemic
patients ages 21-63 years:
before Na.Ca EDTA administration,
during Na.Ca EDTA administration,
after Na.Ca EDTA administration.
Normotensive, hypertensive
Adults from 15 cities
Adults
Reference
Perry and Perry,
1959
Perry and Perry,
1959
Perry, 1968
Tipton et al. ,
1969
Schroeder et al. ,
1966
Tipton and Cook,
1963
-------
MERCURY
Tissue
Adipose
Adrenal
Blood
Range
Not given
2.0-15.8 ppm
Not given
Not given
0.5-6.0 yg/10g
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
t.ot given
0.00-0.31 ppm
Mean Level
0.008 ppm
Not given
0.048 + 0.044 pg/g dry
wt.
0.054 + 0.048 ug/g dry
wt.
Not given
52 ppb; 96 ppb
5.8 -1- 0.7; 5.0 4- 0.8;
2.6 + 0.3 ng/ml
33.5 + 5.1; 22.6 + 3.0;
8.9 + 0.9 ng/ml
4.5 + 0.4; 5.0 + 0.8;
3.3 + 0.5 ng/ml
60.2 + 10.0; 32.5 + 6.0;
10.8 + 1.6 ng/ml
Not given
No. of
Cases
1
59
929
872
54
Not given
38
38
38
38
39
Analytical
Method
Colorimetry
AAS; Colorimetry
AAS
AAS
Colorimetry
Not given
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
X-ray spectrometry
Comments
46-year-old cadaver
Autopsies
4 hospitals, Nashville, Tenn.
Mother's blood.
4 hospitals, Nashville, Tenn.
Fetal blood.
Females , age 17-49 yrs . , rural
Ohio
Michigan residents. Whole blood;
red blood cells.
Coastal; interior; urban mothers.
Plasma.
Coastal; interior; urban mothers.
Red blood cells.
Coastal; interior; urban infants.
Plasma.
Coastal; interior; urban infants.
Red blood cells.
Healthy males , mean age 35 . 3 yrs .
Serum.
Reference
Forbes et al. ,
1954
Kevorkian et al.,
1972
Baglan et al . ,
1974
Baglan et al. ,
1974
Benning, 1958
Eyl, 1971
Galster, 1976
Galster, 1976
Galster, 1976
Galster, 1976
Go f man et al. ,
1964
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
MERCURY (continued)
Tissue
Blood
(continued)
Brain
Range
0.0-22.5 ug/100 ml
0-30 ppb
<1.0-2.5 ug/100 ml
<3300 ng/ml; 0.001 -
0.017 yg/g
<3000 ng/ml; 0.001 -
0.020 yg/g
Not given
0.003-0.017 ppm wet wt.
0.002-0.011 ppm wet wt.
0-8 ppb; 0-6 ppb
Not given
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
7.6 vig/100 ml
8 ppb
1.0 ug/100 ml
Not given
Not given
1.6 + 0.3 ng/ml;
2.4 + 0.4 ng/ml,
1.0 + 0.2 ng/ml
0.008 ppm wet wt.
0.007 ppm wet wt.
Not given
0.02 yg/ml
0.05 ppm
0.093 ppm
No. of
Cases
22
210
16
Not given
Not given
10; 10
50
50
170
Not given
6
28
Analytical
Method
Color imetry
AAS
Not given
Not given
Not given
AAS
NAA
NAA
AAS
Not given
Not given
CC; GC-EC
Comments
Upper middle class, Washington,
D.C.
Mother, Buffalo, N.Y.
Exposed ; normals . Mo ther ' s
blood .
Exposed; normals. Fetal blood.
Rochester; Alaska, Alaska
(plasma)
Red blood cells
Plasma
Maternal; umbilical cord. Iowa
City and Chicago areas
Normal level
Fetus, Buffalo, N.Y.
Autopsies, age 4-74 yrs.,
1913-1972
Reference
loldwater and
Ucolau, 1966
Jowdy, 1977
lartung and
>inman, 1972
Coos and Longo,
L976
Coos and Longo,
L976
lagos and
]larkson, 1972
lassaro et al. ,
L974
•lassaro et al . ,
L974
'itkin et al.,
L976
lentoul and Smith,
L973
lartung and
)inman, 1972
Cevorkian et al . ,
L973
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
MERCURY (continued)
Tissue
Brain
Diaphragm
Gastro-
intestinal
tract
Hair
Range
1.3-34.0 ppm
0.02-2.59 ppm wet wt.
0.006-0.965 yg/g wet wt.
0.008-0.470 yg/g wet wt.
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
0.1-33 ppm
0.12-139.0 ppm
Mean Level
Not given
Not given
0.132 yg/g wet wt.
0.081 yg/g wet wt.
2.94 yg/g dry wt.
11.8 ppm
0.008 ppm
1.35 yg/g dry wt.
(median)
2.73 yg/g dry wt.
(median)
7 . 6 ppm
4.18 ppm (2.45 males,
5.90 females)
No. of
Cases
59
Not given
113
Not given
59
1
230
94
33
1000
Analytical
Method
AAS; colorimetry
NAA
AAS
Not given
AAS; colorimetry
Colorimetry
AAS
AAS
NAA
AAS
Comments
Autopsies
Cerebellum; cerebrum.
Autopsies, 26-wk fetuses, Puget
Sound area, urban and rural
Normal level
Autopsies
46-year-old cadaver
4 hospitals, Nashville, Tenn.
Mother's hair.
4 hospitals, Nashville, Tenn.
Fetal hair.
Adults and children, Oak Ridge,
Tenn.
Idaho
Reference
Kevorkian et al . ,
1972
Massaro et al. ,
1974
Mottet and Body,
1974
Rentoul and Smith,
1973
Kevorkian et al.,
1972
Forbes et al. ,
1954
Baglan et al . ,
1974
Baglan et al . ,
1974
Benning, 1958
Benson and
Gabica, 1972
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
MERCURY (continued)
Tissue
Hair
(continued)
Heart
Range
0.048-11.30 ug/g;
0.05-14 ug/g
0.2-12.4 ppm;
0.1-30 ppm
Not given
5.3-125 ug/g
5-90 ppm; 5-100 ppm
Not given
Not given
492-12,000 ppb;
190-6143 ppb
Not given
0.047 ppm
1.1-10.4 ppm
0.012-0.704 yg/g wet wt.
Mean Level
0.672 ug/g;
0.774 ug/g
5.4 ppm;
5.5 ppm
4.257 + 0.621; 3.57 +
0.740; 4.045 + 0.796 ug/g
Not given
20.4 ppm; 29.6 ppm
1.243 + 0.029 ppm
5.52 ug/g dry wt.
1708 ppb
0.052 ppm
Not given
Not given
0.102 ug/g wet wt.
No. of
Cases
280;
203
25;
25
38
Not giver
327;
99
10
Not given
145
1
28
59
113
Analytical
Method
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS; GC
AAS
NAA
Not given
Not given
Colorimetry
CC; GC-EC
AAS; color imetry
AAS
Comments
Children; adults. 3 New York
City communities
Men, age 9-60 yrs; women, age
13-72 yrs.
Coastal; interior; urban
mothers
Los Alamos, 80 men and 147 women;
Pasadena, women
Homogenized hair
Normal level
Women; men
46-year-old cadaver
Autopsies, age 4-74 yrs., 1913-
1972
Autopsies
Autopsies, 26-wk fetuses,
Puget Sound , urban and rural
Reference
Creason, 1975
Eads and Lambdin
1973
Galster, 1976
Giovanoli et al.,
1974
Nord et al., 1973
Obrusnik et al . ,
1972
Rentoul and Smith,
1973
Sell et al., 1975
Forbes et al. ,
1954
Kevorkian et al.,
1973
Kevorkian et al.,
1972
Mottet and Body,
1974
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
MERCURY (continued)
Tissue
Heart
(continued)
Kidney
Liver
Range
Not given
0-0.40 ppm
1.6-27.2 ppm
0.14-2.3 yg/g dry wt.
0.35-5.3 yg/g dry wt.
0.35-53 yg/g;
0.14-23 yg/g
0.006-6.40 yg/g wet wt.
Not given
0.075-3.36 ppm
Not given
0.02-0.10 ppm
<0. 01 -0.3 9 ppm
Mean Level
1.76 yg/g dry wt.
Not given
Not given
0.99 •+• 0.84 yg/g dry wt.
9.4 + 14 yg/g dry wt.
9.4 yg/g; 0.99 yg/g
0.759 yg/g wet wt.
9.03 yg/g dry wt.
0.762 ppm wet wt.
0.005 ppm
0.06 ppm
0 . 06 ppm
No. of
Cases
Not given
28
59
6;
32
32;
6
113
Not giver
45
1
10
43
Analytical
Method
Not given
CC; GC-EC
AAS; colorimetry
NAA
NAA '
AAS
Not given
AAS
Colorimetry
Not given
Not given
Comments
Normal level
Autopsies, age 4-74 yrs., 1913-
1972
Autopsies
Infants; adults. Autopsies.
Adults; infants. Renal cortex.
Autopsies, 26-wk fetuses, Puget
Sound, urban and rural
Normal level
30 males, 15 females
46-year-old cadaver
Stillbirths, Buffalo, N.Y.
Fetus, Buffalo, N.Y.
Reference
Rentoul and Smith,
1973
Kevorkian et al. ,
1973
Kevorkian et al.,
1972
Livingstone, 1971
Livingston, 1972
Mottet and Body,
1974
Rentoul and Smith,
1973
Stein et al., 1974
Forbes et al. ,
1954
Hartung and
Dinman, 1972
Hartung and
Dinman, 1972
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
MERCURY (continued)
Tissue
Liver
(continued)
Lung
Milk
Range
3.0-19.9 ppm
0.008-1.43 pg/g wet wt.
Not given
0.026-0.545 ppm
Not given
2.0-34.4 ppm
0.0-2.763 ug/g wet wt.
0.007-1.5 ppm wet. wt.
0.004-1.5 pg/g wet wt.
Not given
<200 ng/ml
Not given
Mean Level
Not given
0.250 yg/g wet wt.
3.66 ug/g dry wt.
0.172 ppm wet wt.
0.017 ppm
Not given
0.251 pg/g wet wt.
0.03 ppm wet wt.
0.04 ug/g wet wt.
7.6 + 2.7; 3.2 + 0.8;
3.3 + 0.5 ng/ml
Not given
0.93 ppb
No. of
Cases
59
113
Not given
20
1
59
113
47
Not given
38
Not given
170
Analytical
Method
AAS; color imetry
AAS
Not given
AAS
Co lor imetry
AAS; colorimetry
AAS
AAS
Not given
AAS
Not given
AAS
Comments
Autopsies
Autopsies, 26-wk fetuses, Puget
Sound, urban and rural
Normal level
30 males, 15 females
46-year-old cadaver
Autopsies
Autopsies, 26-wk fetuses, Puget
Sound, rural and urban
30 males, 15 females
Autopsies, Los Alamos, New
Mexico
Coastal; interior; urban.
Mothers
Exposed
Iowa City and Chicago areas
Reference
Kevorkian et al . ,
1972
Mottet and Body,
1974
Rentoul and Smith,
1973
Stein et al., 1974
Forbes et al.,
1954
Kevorkian et al. ,
1972
Mottet and Body,
1974
Stein et al., 1974
Stein et al., 1972
Galster, 1976
Koos and Longo,
1976
Pitkin et al.,
1976
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
MERCURY (continued)
Tissue
Muscle
Nerve
Offal
Ovary
Pancreas
Placenta
Range
Not given
3.0-11.1 ppm
0.0-0.954 yg/g wet wt.
Not given
Not given
Not given
0.9-29.6 ppm
0.007-0.511 ug/g wet wt.
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
0.020 ppm
Not given
0.126 ug/g wet wt.
0.047 ppm
0.024 ppm
0.2 ppm
Not given
0.065 ug/g wet wt.
0.129 + 0.161 ug/g dry
wt.
1.53 ug/10g
38.9 + 5.1; 30.7 +
14.8; 11.6 + 1.3 ng/g
0.014 + 0.001 ug/g wet
wt.
No. of
Cases
1
59
113
1
1
59
59
113
10
54
38
58
Analytical
Method
Color ime try
AAS; color imetry
AAS
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
AAS; Colorimetry
AAS; Colorimetry
AAS
AAS
Colorimetry
AAS
Not given
Comments
46-year-old cadaver
Autopsies
Autopsies, 26-wk fetuses, Puget
Sound , urban and rural
46-year-old cadaver
46-year-old cadaver
Autopsies
Autopsies
Autopsies, 26 wk fetuses, Puget
Sound , urban and rural
4 hospitals, Nashville, Tenn.
Females, age 17-49 yrs., rural
Ohio
Coastal; interior; urban.
Mothers.
City hospitals in South and
Southeast
Reference
Forbes et al. ,
1954
Kevorkian et al.,
1972
Mottet and Body,
1974
Forbes et al. ,
1954
Forbes et al. ,
1954
Kevorkian et al.,
1972
Kevorkian et al.,
1972
Mottet and Body,
1974
Baglan et al. ,
1974
Benning, 1958
Galster, 1976
Karp and
Robertson, 1977
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
MERCURY (continued)
Tissue
Placenta
(continued)
Skin
Spleen
Teeth
Testis
Thyroid
Urine
Range
0.010-0.803 yg/g wet wt.
Not given
Not given
0.004-1.275 yg/g wet wt.
1.8-18.8 ppm
0.012-1.205 yg/g wet wt.
Not given
1.9-7.8 ppm
Not given
Not given
4.5-118.5 yg/liter;
0-22.5 ug/liter
Mean Level
0.087 yg/g wet wt.
2.28 ppb
0.003 ppm
0.193 yg/g wet wt.
Not given
0.122 ug/g wet wt.
5.3 + 5.4 yg/g
Not given
0.1 ppm
10-3740 yg/liter
34.0 yg/liter;
4.5 yg/liter
No. of
Cases
113
170
1
113
59
113
38
59
59
54
22
Analytical
Method
AAS
AAS
Colorimetry
AAS
AAS; color ime try
AAS
Colorimetry
AAS; colorimetry
AAS; colorimetry
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
Comments
Autopsies. 26-wk fetuses, Puget
Sound, urban and rural. Cord.
Iowa City and Chicago areas
46-year-old cadaver
Autopsies, 26-wk fetuses, Puget
Sound, urban and rural
Autopsies
Autopsies, 26-wk fetuses, Puget
Sound, urban and rural
California
Autopsies
Autopsies
Females, age 17-48 yrs., rural
Ohio
10 exposed; 12 control
Reference
Mottet and Body,
1974
Pitkin et al.,
1976
Forbes et al. ,
1954
Mottet and Body,
1974
Kevorkian et al . ,
1972
Mottet and Body,
1974
Kuhnlein and
Calloway, 1977
Kevorkian et al. ,
1972
Kevorkian et al . ,
1972
Bennlng, 1958
Goldwater and
Nicolau, 1966
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
MERCURY (continued)
Tissue
Urine
(continued)
Uterus
Range
0-221.0 pg/liter
<2.91 yg/ml
0.003-0.017 ppm wet wt.
Not given
11.7-20.5 ppm
Mean Level
Not given
Not given
0.008 ppm wet wt.
0.023 vig/g dry wt.
Not given
No. of
Cases
68 of
308
Not given
Not given
Not given
59
Analytical
Method
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
AAS; colorimetry
Comments
New York City, California, Ohio
Exposed mothers
Normal level
Autopsies
Reference
Jacobs et al. ,
1964
Koos and Longo,
1976
Massaro et al. ,
1974
Rentoul and Smith,
1973
Kevorkian et al.,
1972
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
MIREX
Tissue
Adipose
Human tissues
Milk
Range
Not given
0.16-5.94 ppm
<1.0-1.32 ppm
Not given
Mean Level
5.2 ppm (highest value)
2.50 ppm
0.38 ppm (0.08 ppm if
negatives included)
Not detected
No. of
Cases
507
6
186
1436
Analytical
Method
Not given
GC-EC
Not given
GC-EC
Comments
8 southern states; 20% of the
samples positive
Rural adults
Samples taken in treatment areas
Limit of detectability 30 ppb
Reference
Anonymous, 1978
Kutz et al. ,
1974
Anonymous , 1976
Savage, 1976
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
MOLYBDENUM
Tissue
Adipose
Adrenal
Aorta
Bladder
Blood
Bone
Range
Not given
Not given
<4. 0-22.0 ug/g ash
Not given
<4.0 - <4.0 yg/g ash
Not given
Not given
<4.0 - <4.0 yg/g ash
0.50-15.73 yg/100 ml
Not given
0.10-0.30 ppm
Not given
Mean Level
5.1 yg/g ash
15.0 yg/g ash
15 yg/g ash (median)
<2.0 ug/g ash
<4.0 yg/g ash (median)
0.02 ppm
<2.0 yg/g ash
<4.0 yg/g ash (median)
0.50-41.0 yg/100 ml
(a) 0.0021 and
(b) 0.0072 mg/100 ml
Not given
<4.0 tjg/g ash
No. of
Cases
177
177
10 of 13
177
3 of 104
2
177
6 of 110
229
266
39
177
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Colorimetry
ES
X-ray spectrometry
ES
Comments
Accident victims
Accident victims
Autopsies. 9 U.S. cities
Accident victims
Autopsies. 9 U.S. cities
Sudden accident victims
Accident victims
Autopsies. 9 U.S. cities
Whole blood; 48 of 229 samples had
undetectable amounts (<0.5 yg/100
ml)
Patients, blood donors, and normal
individuals. Los Angeles area.
(a) Serum, and (b) Whole Blood.
Healthy males, mean age 35.3.
Blood serum.
Accident victims
Reference
Schroeder et al.,
1970
Schroeder et al.,
1970
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Schroeder et al . ,
1970
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al., 1956
Schroeder et al.,
1970
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Allaway et al . ,
1968
Butt et al., 1964
Gofman et al. ,
1964
Schroeder et al.,
1970
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
MOLYBDENUM (continued)
Tissue
Brain
Diaphragm
Esophagus
Feces
Hair
Heart
Intestine
Range
Not given
Not given
<4.0 - <4.0 pg/g ash
Not given
<4.0 - <4.0 pg/g ash
Not given
<4.0 - <4.0 pg/g ash
Not given
Not given
Not given
<4.0 - <4.0 pg/g ash
Not given
Mean Level
<0.02 ppm
2.0 pg/g ash
<4.0 pg/g ash (median)
3.0 pg/g ash
<4 . 0 pg/g ash (median)
<2.0 pg/g ash
<4.0 pg/g ash (median)
0.088 + 0.017 and
0.099 + 0.015 mg/day
0.13 and 0.28 pg/g dry
wt.
3.8 pg/g ash
<4.0 pg/g ash (median)
<0.02 and 0.04 ppm
No. of
Cases
3
177
3 of 129
177
3 of 91
177
1 of 66
2
2
177
8 of 140
1 and 7
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
AAS; MS
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Sudden accident victims
Accident victims
Autopsies. 9 U.S. cities.
Accident victims
Autopsies. 9 U.S. cities.
Accident victims
Autopsies. 9 U.S. cities.
Healthy males, Cincinnati, Ohio
None
Accident victims
Autopsies. 9 U.S. cities.
Sudden accident victims, low
value-large intestine and high
value-small Intestine
Reference
Koch et al., 1956
Schroeder et al. ,
1970
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Schroeder et al . ,
1970
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Schroeder et al.,
1970
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton et al. ,
1969
Yurachek et al . ,
1969
Schroeder et al . ,
1970
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al., 1956
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
MOLYBDENUM (continued)
Tissue
Intestine
Range
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
<4.0 - <4.0 yg/g ash
<4.0 - <4.0 vig/g ash
<4. 0-9.0 yg/g ash
<4. 0-5.0 yg/g ash
<4.0 - <4.0 yg/g ash
<4.0 - <4.0 yg/g ash
Mean Level
4.0 yg/g ash
4.0-5.5 yg/g ash
<4.0 yg/g ash
<4.0 yg/g ash
2.5 yg/g ash
2.0 yg/g ash
<4.0 yg/g ash
<4.0 yg/g ash
<4.0 yg/g ash
<4.0 yg/g ash
<4.0 yg/g ash
<4.0 yg/g ash
No. of
Cases
177
177
177
177
177
177
6 of 67
7 of 102
18 of 83
6 of 31
4 of 108
2 of 42
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Adult. Duodenum.
Adul t . Je j unum .
Adult. Ileum.
Adult. Cecum.
Adult. Sigmoid colon.
Adult. Rectum.
Adult. Duodenum.
Adult. Jejunum.
Adult. Ileum.
Adult. Cecum.
Adult. Sigmoid colon.
Adult. Rectum.
Reference
Schroeder et al . ,
1970
Schroeder et al.,
1970
Schroeder et al . ,
1970
Schroeder et al.,
1970
Schroeder et al.,
1970
Schroeder et al . ,
1970
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
MOLYBDENUM (continued)
Tissue
Kidney
Larynx
Liver
Range
Not given
0.8-2.5 yg/g dry wt.
15.0-31.0 yg/g ash
0.0-0.5+ mg/100 g dry
wt.
20.0-48.0 ug/g ash
Not given
<4.0 - <4.0 yg/g ash
Not given
2.8-9.6 ug/g dry wt.
Not given
53.0-77.0 ug/g ash
0.0-2.0 mg/100 g dry wt.
32.0-140.0 ug/g ash
Mean Level
0.24 ppm
1.86 yg/g dry wt.
Not given
Not given
31.0 yg/g ash
<4.0 yg/g ash
<4.0 ug/g ash (median)
0 . 7 ppm
5.2 yg/g dry wt.
228 + 178 yg/g ash
Not given
Not given
75.0 yg/g ash
No. of
Cases
6
6
177
Not given
140 of
144
177
1 of 50
5
5
10
177
Not given
147
Analytical
Method
ES
Colorimetry
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Colorimetry
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Sudden accident victims
None
Accident victims
None
None
Accident victims
None
Sudden accident victims
None
Males, 5 black and 5 white;
accident victims
Accident victims
None
None
Reference
Koch et al., 1956
Koch et al., 1957
Schroeder et al.,
1970
Tietz et al.,
1957
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Schroeder et al . ,
1970
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al., 1956
Koch et al., 1957
Perry et al . ,
1973
Schroeder et al. ,
1970
Tietz et al. ,
1957
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
MOLYBDENUM (continued)
Tissue
Lung
Muscle
Omentum
Ovary
Pancreas
Range .
Not given
0.2-6.1 yg/g dry wt.
Not given
Not given
0.0-0.31+
<4. 0-20.0 yg/g ash
<4.0 - <4.0 yg/g ash
Not given
Not given
<4.0 - <4.0 yg/g ash
<4. 0-12.0 ug/g ash
<4.0 - <4.0 yg/g ash
Not given
Mean Level
0.24 ppm
2.2 yg/g dry wt.
Min. - 20 yg
Max. - 200 yg
Retained per yr-0.0
2.7 yg/g ash
(Jot given
<4.0 yg/g ash
<4.0 yg/g ash
0.03 ppm
<4.0 yg/g ash
<4.0 yg/g ash
Not given
<4.0 yg/g ash
0.03 ppm
No. of
Cases
4
4
168
177
Not given
5 of 141
5 of 141
8
177
2 of 136
177
0 of 16
1
Analytical
Method
ES
Colorimetry
Not given
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Sudden accident victims
None
Autopsy samples from 58 cities
and 29 nonurban areas
Accident victims
None
Autopsies. 9 U.S. cities.
None
Sudden accident victims
Accident victims
None
Accident victims
None
Sudden accident victims
Reference
Koch et al. , 1956
Koch et al., 1957
Schroeder, 1970
Schroeder et al.,
1970
Tietz et al. ,
1957
Tipton et al. ,
1964
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al., 1956
Schroeder et al.,
1970
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Schroeder et al.,
1970
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al. , 1956
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
MOLYBDENUM (continued)
Tissue
Pancreas
Prostate
Skin
Spleen
Stomach
Range
Not given
<4.0 - <4.0 yg/g ash
Not given
<4.0 - <4.0 yg/g ash
Not given
<4.0 - <4.0 yg/g ash
Not given
0.0-1.2 yg/g dry wt.
Not given
<4.0 - <4.0 yg/g ash
Not given
Not given
<4.0 - <4.0 ug/g ash
Mean Level
3.2 yg/g ash
<4.0 yg/g ash
3.9 yg/g ash
<4.0 yg/g ash
<2.0 yg/g ash
<4.0 yg/g ash
0.1 ppm
0.5 yg/g dry wt.
4.2 ug/8 ash
<4.0 yg/g ash
0.08 ppm
3.0 yg/g ash
<4.0 yg/g ash
No. of
Cases
177
12 of 139
177
2 of 50
177
2 of 22
3
3
177
4 of 143
3
177
11 of 130
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Colorimetry
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Accident victims
None
Accident victims
None
Accident victims
None
Sudden accident victims
None
Accident victims
None
Sudden accident victims
Accident victims
None
Reference
Schroeder et al.,
1970
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Schroeder et al. ,
1970
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Schroeder et al . ,
1970
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al., 1956
Koch et al., 1956
Schroeder et al . ,
1970
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al., 1956
Schroeder et al . ,
1970
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
MOLYBDENUM (continued)
Tissue
Testis
Teeth
Thyroid
Trachea
Urine
Uterus
Range
Not given
Not given
<4.0 - <4.0 yg/g ash
0.7-39.0 yg/g
Not given
<4.0 - <4.0 yg/g ash
Not given
<4.0 - <4.0 yg/g ash
12-150 yg/liter
Not given
Not given
Not given
<4.0 - <4.0 yg/g ash
Mean Level
0.03 ppm
3.1 yg/g ash
<4.0 yg/g ash
5.5 + 0.71 yg/g
3.4 yg/g ash
<4.0 yg/g ash
<2.0 yg/g ash
<4.0 yg/g ash
29.0-46.9 yg/liter
4.5-15.0 ppb
0.11 +. 0.01 and
0.13 + 0.01 mg/day
<2.0 yg/g ash
<4.0 yg/g ash
No. of
Cases
1
177
2 of 72
56
177
1 of 21
177
1 of 60
32
23
2
177
1 of 32
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
MS
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Not given
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Sudden accident victims
Accident victims
None
<20-year olds, wide geographic
area
Accident victims
None
Accident victims
None
Mixed population ages 4-69 yr.
None
Healthy males, Cincinnati, Ohio
Accident victims
None
Reference
Koch et al., 1956
Schroeder et al. ,
1970
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Losee et al . ,
1973
Schroeder et al. ,
1970
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Schroeder et al. ,
1970
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Perry and Perry,
1959
Perry, 1968
Tipton et al. ,
1969
Schroeder et al. ,
1970
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
NEODYMIUM
Tissue
Blood
Teeth
Range
0.0-0.08 ppm
0.02-0.09 yg/g dry wt.
Mean Level
Not given
0.045 ug/g dry wt.
No. of
Cases
39
56
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectrometry
MS
Comments
Healthy males, mean age 35.3 yr.
Serum.
<20 year-olds, wide geographic
area
Reference
Go f man et al. ,
1964
Losee et al. ,
1973
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
NICKEL
Tissue
Adrenal
Aorta
Bladder
Blood
Range
< 5.0-60.0 pg/g ash
0.09-0.34 pM/g ash
< 5.0-20.0 pg/g ash
Not Given
< 5.0-20.0 pg/g ash
Not Given
0.0-0.18 ppm
(a) 1.1-4.5 ug/liter
(b) 0.4-4.6 pg/liter
0.0-45 pg/lOOg
1.0-8.5 yg/lOOml
0.8-5.2 Mg/liter
Not Given
Mean Level
10.0
Not Given
< 5.0
0.7 ppm wet wt.
< 5.0
(a) 0.0053-0.0062 Mg/
100ml
(b) 0.0327 0.0010 Mg/
100ml
Not Given
(a) 3.1
(b) 2.7
3.0
3.0
2.6
2.6 0.8 pg/liter
No. of
Cases
10 of 13
150
47 of 104
2
46 of 110
30 of 48
39
48 (males
11
(females)
150
8
26
47
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
X-ray spectrometry
AAS
ES
ES
AAS
AAS
Comments
Adults who died unexpectedly,
St. Louis
Sudden accident victims ages
21-37
Normal individuals , Los Angeles
area, (a) Serum and (b) Whole
blood
Healthy males mean age 35.3.
Serum
(a) males
(b) females
Adult males U.S. cities
Sudden accident victims ages
21-37
Hartford, CT
Elevated in some diseased
patients
Reference
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Perry et al. ,
1962
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al. ,
1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Butt et al. ,
1964
Gof man et al . ,
1964
Hohnadel et al. ,
1973
Imbus et al. ,
1963
Koch et al. ,
1956
McNeeley et al. ,
1972
McNeeley et al.,
1972
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
NICKEL (continued)
Tissue
Blood
Bone
Brain
Diaphragm
Esophagus
Feces
Hair
Range
3.0-8.0 yg/liter
Not Given
23.4-81.0 yg/g dry wt.
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
< 5.0-<5.0 yg/g ash
< 5.0-19.0 yg/g ash
< 5.0-27.0 yg/g ash
Not Given
(a) 0.036 to 11.0 yg/g
(b) 0.045 to 11.0 yg/g
(a) 0.9-7.2 ppm
(b) 0.7-7.5 ppm
0.8-15.6 yg/g
Mean Level
Not Given
0.03 yg/g dry wt.
51.0
0.16 ppm wet wt.
0.08 ppm wet wt.
0.3 yg/g dry wt .
< 5.0
< .50
< .50
0.22+0.03 and 0.35±0.05
mg/day
(a) 0.51
(b) 0.74
(a) 1.9
(b) 3.4
3.7
No. of
Cases
Not Given
Not Given
40
2
3
Not Given
9 of 129
28 of 81
27 of 66
2
498
50
12
Analytical
Method
Not Given
Not Given
AAS
ES
ES
Not Given
ES
ES
ES
ES
Not Given
AAS
AAS
Comments
Sudden accident victims age
23-37
Sudden accident victims age
21-37
Healthy males, Cincinnati OH
NY metropolitan area, (a) child-
ren and (b) adults
Males - 9-60 years old and
females - 13-72 years old
General population mixed
sample
Reference
Mertz, 1974
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Jones et al.,
1972
Koch et al. ,
1956
Koch et al . ,
1956
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton et al. ,
1969
Creason, 1975
Eads and Lambkin,
1973
Hinners et al. ,
1974
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
NICKEL (continued)
Tissue
Hair
Heart
Intestine
Range
Not Given
Not Given
0.09-0.46 yM/g ash
Not Given
(a) 0.43-0.83 yg/lOOg
(b) 1.6-3.0 yg/lOOg
< 5.0-140.0 yg/g ash
Not Given
Not Given
< 5.0-16.0 yg/g ash
< 5.0-11.0 yg/g ash
< 5.0-44.0 yg/g ash
Mean Level
6.0 yg/g dry wt.
(a) 0.9710.15 yg/g
(b) 3.96±1.10 yg/g
0.45 and 3.4 yg/g dry wt
Not Given
0.2 yg/g dry wt.
(a) 0.61
(b) 2.3
< 5.0
(a) 0.08 ppm wet wt.
(b) 1.06 ppm wet wt.
30 ppm ash
5.0
< 5.0
9.0
No. of
Cases
Not Given
180
2
150
Not Given
4
48 of 140
1 of 7
2652
35 of 67
21 of 102
52 of 84
Analytical
Method
Not Given
AAS
AAS; MS
ES
Not Given
AAS
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
No dyed or bleached hair, (a)
males and (b) females
Adults who died unexpectedly,
St. Louis
(a) wet wt.
(b) dry wt.
Sudden accident victims ages
21-37, (a) large intestine and
(b) small intestine
7 cities
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Reference
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Schroeder and
Nason, 1969
Yurachek et al. ,
1969
Perry et al. ,
1962
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Sunderman et al.,
1970
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al . ,
1956
Schroeder et al.
1962
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
NICKEL (continued)
Tissue
Intestine
Kidney
Larynx
Liver
Range
5.0-100.0 yg/g ash
<5. 0-55.0 yg/g ash
5.0-38.0 yg/g ash
0.0-1.4 yg/g dry wt.
Not Given
0.09-0.19 yM/g ash
Not Given
0-0.2+ mg/lOOg dry wt.
5.0-11.0 yg/g ash
5.0-17.0 yg/g ash
0.3-0.8 yg/g dry wt.
Not Given
0.09-0.19 yM/g ash
Mean Level
21.0
12.0
16.0
0.6 yg/g dry wt .
0.04 ppm wet wt.
Not Given
0.2 yg/g dry wt.
Not Given
<5.0
< .50
0.17 yg/g dry wt .
0.16 ppm wet wt .
Not Given
No. of
Cases
29 of 31
81 of 108
2 of 24
6
6
150
Not Given
Not Given
30 of 144
18 of 50
5
5
150
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Not Given
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Cecum
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Sudden accident victims ages
21-37
Adults who died unexpectedly,
St. Louis, MO
Sudden accident victims ages
21-37
Adults who died suddenly,
St. Louis, MO
Reference
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al . ,
1957
Koch et al. ,
1956
Perry et al . ,
1972
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Tietz et al. ,
1957
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al. ,
1957
Koch et al. ,
1956
Perry et al. ,
1962
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
NICKEL (continued)
Tissue
Liver
Lung
Muscle
Range
Not Given
(a) 0.52-1.32 Pg/lOOg
(b) 2.1-4.8 Ug/lOOg
< 5.0-11.0 "g/g ash
0.0-4.6 Mg/g dry wt.
Not Given
0.09-0.48 uM/g ash
Not Given
7-60 ppm
(a) 0.81-2.4 ug/lOOg
(b) 3.3-14.6 ug/100g
0-0.6+ mg/lOOg dry wt.
< 5.0-28.0 ug/g ash
Not Given
Mean Level
2.6- wg/g ash
(a) 0.87
(b) 3.20
< 5.0
1.4 Wg/g dry wt.
0.24 ppm wet wt.
Not Given
(min) 50 pg/year
(max) 8000 yg/year
retained per year - lOyg
Not Given
(a) 1.59
(b) 8.60
Not Given
< 5.0
0 . 14 ppm wet wt .
No. of
Cases
10
4
27 of 148
4
4
150
168
137
4
Not Given
0 of 141
7
Analytical
Method
ES
AAS
ES
ES
ES
ES
Not Given
ES
AAS
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Healthy adult males, 5 white,
5 black, long-term St. Louis
residents
(a) wet wt.
(b) dry wt.
Sudden accident victims ages
21-37
Adults who died unexpectedly,
St. Louis, MO
Autopsies 58 U.S. cities and
urban areas
7 cities
(a) wet wt.
(b) dry wt.
Sudden accident victims ages
21-37
Reference
Perry et al. ,
1973
Sunderman et al.,
1970
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al. ,
1957
Koch et al. ,
1956
Perry et al. ,
1962
Schroeder, 1970
Schroeder et al.
1962
Sunderman et al.
1970
Tietz et al.,
1957
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al.,
1956
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
NICKEL (continued)
Tissue
Muscle
(continued)
Omen turn
Ovary
Pancreas
Placenta
Prostate
Skin
Spleen
Range
<5. 0-12.0 yg/g ash
<5. 0-76.0 yg/g ash
<5. 0-17.0 yg/g ash
Not given
<5. 0-11.0 yg/g ash
Not given
Not given
<5. 0-5.0 yg/g ash
15.0-180.0 yg/g ash
0.3-1.0 yg/g dry wt.
Not given
0.09-0.09 micromole/g ash
Mean Level
<5.0 yg/g ash
22.0 yg/g ash
<5.0 yg/g ash
0.16 ppm wet wt.
<5.0 yg/g ash
0.006 + 0.006 yg/g wet
wt.
0.04 ppm wet wt.
<5.0 yg/g ash
47.0 yg/g ash
0.8 yg/g dry wt.
0.10 ppm wet wt.
Not given
No. of
Cases
30 of
136
63 of 75
4 of 16
4
26 of
129
58
4
8 of 50
21 of 22
3
3
150
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Not given
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
None
None
None
Sudden accident victims ages
21-37
done
South and southeast U.S. areas
Sudden accident victims ages
21-37.
None
None
None
Sudden accident victims ages
21-37.
Adults who died enexpectedly,
St. Louis, Mo.
Reference
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al., 1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Karp and
Robertson, 1977
Koch et al., 1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al., 1957
Koch et al., 1956
Perry et al . ,
1962
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
NICKEL (continued)
Tissue
Spleen
(continued)
Stomach
Sweat
Teeth
Testis
Thyroid
Trachea
Urine
Range
<5. 0-5.0 yg/g ash
tot given
<5. 0-18.0 yg/g ash
(a) 7-180 yg/liter
(b) 39-270 yg/liter
0.11-3.0 yg/g
<5. 0-16.0 yg/g ash
Not given
<5. 0-10.0 yg/g ash
<5. 0-15.0 yg/g ash
Sot given
0.0-82 yg/liter
0.7-4.0 yg/liter
10-100 yg/liter
Mean Level
<5.0 yg/g ash
0.36 ppm wet wt.
<5.0 yg/g ash
(a) 52 yg/liter
(b) 131 yg/liter
0.64 yg/g
<5.0 yg/g ash
0.16 ppm wet wt.
<5.0 yg/g ash
5.0 yg/g ash
<0.10 mg/liter
7.6 yg/liter
2.0 yg/liter
Not given
No. of
Cases
17 of
143
3
44 of
130
48 males
11
(females)
56
17 of 72
2
7 of 21
31 of 60
Not giver
150
20
Not giver
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
AAS
MS
SS
ES
ES
ES
*AA
ES
AAS
tot given
Comments
lone
Sudden accident victims ages
21-37
None
(a) Males
[b) Females
20 year-olds; wide geographic
area
None
Sudden accident victims ages
21-37.
tone
tone
tone
kdult males U.S. cities
lartford, CT
tone
Reference
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al., 1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Hohnadel et al . ,
1973
Losee et al. ,
1973
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al., 1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Gills et al., 1974
Imbus et al., 1963
McNeeley et al. ,
1972
Mertz, 1974
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
NICKEL (continued)
Tissue
Urine
Uterus
Range
10-70 yg/liter
Sot given
[Jot given
<5. 0-6.0 yg/g ash
Mean Level
(a) 20.1 yg/liter
(b) 16.6 yg/liter
(c) 22.6 yg/liter
3.5 ppb
0.11+0.03 mg/day
<5.0 yg/g ash
No. of
Cases
24
15
2
6 of 32
Analytical
Method
ES
Not given
ES
ES
Comments
Normals. St. Louis, Mo.
(a) overall, (b) females, and
(c) males
Hypertensives-little difference
Healthy males, Cincinnati, Ohio
None
Reference
Perry and Perry,
1957
Perry, 1968
Tipton et al. ,
1969
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
NIOBIUM
Tissue
Adipose
Aorta
Blood
Brain
Hair
Heart
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Pancreas
Spleen
Teeth
Range
Not Given
Not Given
0.0-0.16 ppm
0.53-0.74 yg/g wet wt.
0.31-1.05 yg/g wet wt.
1.72-2.39 yg/g wet wt.
0.35-0.93 yg/g wet wt.
0.66-8.81 ug/g wet wt.
1.84-5.76 yg/g wet wt.
0.55-2.67 yg/g wet wt.
0.83-1.18 yg/g wet wt.
0.74-1.98 yg/g wet wt.
<0. 10-0. 76 yg/g dry wt.
Mean Level
1.71 ug/g wet wt.
6.21 ug/g wet wt.
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
0.31
No. of
Cases
1 of 5
I of 5
39
1 of 5
1 of 5
1 of 5
1 of 5
1 of 5
1 of 5
1 of 5
1 of 5
1 of 5
56
Analytical
Method
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
X-ray spectrometry
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
MS
Comments
Healthy males mean age 35.3.
Serum
< 20 year olds, wide geographic
area
Reference
Schroeder and
Balassa, 1965
Schroeder and
Balassa, 1965
Gofman et al. ,
1964
Schroeder and
Balassa, 1965
Schroeder and
Balassa, 1965
Schroeder and
Balassa, 1965
Schroeder and
Balassa, 1965
Schroeder and
Balassa, 1965
Schroeder and
Balassa, 1965
Schroeder and
Balassa, 1965
Schroeder and
Balassa, 1965
Schroeder and
Balassa, 1965
Losee et al. ,
1973
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
NIOBIUM (continued)
Tissue
Testis
Urine
Range
0.43-0.80 wg/g wet wt.
0.24-0.29 wg/ml
Mean Level
Not Given
Not Given
No. of
Cases
1 of 5
1 of 5
Analytical
Method
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
Comments
Reference
Schroeder and
Balassa, 1965
Schroeder and
Balassa, 1965
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
TftlMS-NONACHLOR
Tissue
Adipose
Milk
Range
Not Given
Trace-0.01 ppm
Mean Level
0.04 and 0.06 ppm
0.001 ppm
No. of
Cases
10
57
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC-EC and GC/MS
Comments
9 U . S . regions , values for New
England and SW central states,
respectively, confirmed in most
other areas
Arkansas and Mississippi mothers,
mean age 27; 17 black, 40 white,
1973-74
Reference
Kutz et al. ,
1976
Strassman and
Kutz, 1977
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
OSMIUM
Tissue
Blood
Range
0.0-0.57 ppm
Mean Level
Not Given
No. of
Cases
39
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectrometry
Comments
Healthy males, mean age 35.3 yrs.
Serum.
Reference
Go f man et al. ,
1964
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
OXYCHLORDANE
Tissue
Adipose
Milk
Range
0.03-0.40 ppm
1.73 ppm (max.)
1.87 ppm (max.)
1.0->116.0 ppb
Trace-0.02 ppm
Mean Level
0.41 ppm
0.12 ppm (median)
0.11-0.12 ppm (median)
95.8 + 195.1 ppb
0.005 ppm
No. of
Cases
27
1092
(1973);
898
(1974)
1913
(1972);
898
(1974)
1061 of
1436
57
Analytical
Method
GC-EC, IR, and MS
GC-EC, IR, and MS
GC-EC, IR, and MS
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC and GC/MS
Comments
None
75 U.S. sites; 98+ % positive;
blacks had 2+ level of whites
75 U.S. sites
National study. Fat basis.
Mississippi and Arkansas females
Reference
Biros et al. ,
1973
Kutz et al.,
1977
Kutz et al. ,
1977
Savage, 1976
Strassman and
Kutz, 1977
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
PALLADIUM
Tissue
Blood
Feces
Hair
Urine
Range
0.0-0.1 ppm
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Mean Level
Not Given
<0.9 yg/lOOml
<0.001 yg/g
<0.02 yg/g
<0.30 yg/g
No. of
Cases
39
300
300
300
300
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectrometry
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
Comments
Healthy males, mean age 35.3 yrs.
Serum.
Several locations in California
Several locations in California
Several locations in California
Several locations in California
Reference
Go f man et al. ,
1964
Johnson et al. ,
1975
Johnson et al . ,
1975
Johnson et al. ,
1975
Johnson et al. ,
1975
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
PBB's
Tissue
Adipose
Blood
Milk
Range
0.104-174 ppm
0.0-273.016 ppb
(a) 0.0-2.26 ppm
(b) 0.002-2.26 ppm
(c) 0.0-0.09 ppm
(d) 0.002-0.09 ppm
0.0-2.26 ppm
0.1-28.6 ppb
0.21-92.66 ppm
Mean Level
0.53 ppm
1965 + 356, 516 + 92,
226 + 73, and 0.0 ppb
(a) 0.014 ppm (median)
(b) 0.035 ppm (median)
(c) 0.003 ppm (median)
(d) 0.006 ppm (median)
<0.1 ppm (est.)
Not given
10.8 ppm
No. of
Cases
15
111 ex-
>osed;
LI 6 non-
exposed
110 ex-
losed;
L04 non-
exposed
165 ex-
x>sed;
L33 non-
exposed
35 of 116
6
Analytical
Method
GC
Not given
GC
Not given
Not given
GC
Comments
Missouri dairy farm residents
Values respectively for quaran-
tined farmers , nonquarantined
farmers, city residents, and out-
of-state visitors
Missouri dairy farm residents
(a) exposed adults
(b) exposed children
(c) nonexposed adults
(d) nonexposed children
Farm families
Higher values for quarantined
farmers
Missouri dairy farm residents
Reference
Humphrey and
Hayner, 1975
Meester and
McCoy, 1976
Humphrey and
Hayner, 1975
Kay, 1977
Meester and
McCoy, 1976
Humphrey and
Hayner, 1975
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
PCB's and PCX's
Tissue
Adipose
Blood
Feces
Hair
Milk
Urine
Range
0.0->2.0 ppm
0.0->2.0 ppm
Not given
10-100 ppb
Not given
0.34-0.76 ppm
0.04-1.00 ppm
0.04-0.10 ppm
40-100 ppb
Not given
Mean Level
Not given
Not given
3.7 ppb
48 ppb
87.0 pg/day/person
Not given
0.05 ppm, fat basis
0.04 ppm, fat basis
9.75 ppb, fat basis
5.8 yg/day/person
No. of
Cases
688-1247
(1972-
1974)
186
54
Not
given
32
4
39
39
40
32
Analytical
Method
GC-EC and MS
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GLC
GC
GC-EC and TLC
GC-EC
GC
GLC
Comments
% positives increased from 1972
to 1974; increased % at <1.0 and
1-2 ppm levels
Michigan general population; 98%
contained trace to >2.0 ppm
Blood plasma. 11% positive.
Whole blood. Data on debilitated
patients; none found in normals
Preadolescent females
None
8 positives of 39
Females ages 19-33
Rural county
Preadolescent females
Reference
Kutz and
Strassman, 1976
Price and Welch,
1972
Hammer et al. ,
1972
Hesselberg and
Scherr, 1974
Price et al. ,
1972
Matthews et al. ,
1976
Savage et al. ,
1973
Savage et al . ,
1972
Savage et al. ,
1973
Price et al. ,
1972
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
PCP-PENTACHLOROPHENOL
Tissue
Adipose
Blood
Urine
Range
5.0-52.0 ppb
Not Given
0.0-1840 ppb
2.2-11.2 ppb
Mean Level
23.3 ppb
0.5±1.7 ppb
42.0 ppb
2.2-10.8 ppb
No. of
Cases
20
3,568
290
Not Given
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
Not Given
GC
GC
Comments
General population in .Florida
General Population in Hawaii
Values for occupationally exposed
workers much higher
Reference
Shafik, 1973
Rashad et al. ,
1976
Be venue et al. ,
1967
Cranmer and
Freal, 1970
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
PLATINUM
Tissue
Blood
Feces
Hair
Urine
21 tissues
Range
0.00-0.46 ppm
<3.1 yg/100 ml
<0.002 yg/g
<0.05 yg/g
<0.6 yg/llter
0.003-1.46 pg/g wet wt.
Mean Level
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
0.16 pg/g wet wt.
No. of
Cases
39
300
100
300
300
1313
samples ;
97 sets,
62/1313
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectrometry
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
ES
Comments
39 healthy men, mean age 35.3
years. Serum.
Levels of Ft, Pd, and Pb before
auto catalysts, 150 subjects
living near urban freeway; 150
in high desert area
Levels of Pt, Pd, and Pb before
auto catalysts, 150 subjects
living near urban freeway; 150
in high desert area
Levels of Pt, Pd, and Pb before
auto catalysts, 150 subjects
living near urban freeway; 150
in high desert area
Levels of Pt, Pd, and Pb before
auto catalysts, 150 subjects
living near urban freeway; 150
in high desert area
Before auto catalysts; 1313
samples from 97 autopsy sets; of
1313 samples, 62 contained Pt;
fat highest, none in lung, bones,
hair; California
Reference
Go f man et al. ,
1964
Johnson et al. ,
1974
Johnson et al. ,
1974
Johnson et al. ,
1974
Johnson et al. ,
1974
Duf field et al.,
1976
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
PRASEODYMIUM
Tissue
Blood
Teeth
Range
0.0-0.13 ppm
0.01-0.07 pg/g dry wt.
Mean Level
Not Given
0.027 pg/g dry wt.
No. of
Cases
39
56
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectrometry
MS
Comments
Healthy males, mean age 35.3 yrs.
Serum.
< 20-year-olds, wide geographic
area
Reference
Gof man et al . ,
1964
Losee et al. ,
1973
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
RHENIUM
Tissue
Blood
Range
0.0-0.26 ppm
Mean Level
Not Given
No. of
Cases
39
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectrometry
Comments
Healthy males, mean age 35.3 yrs.
Serum.
Reference
Gofman et al. ,
1964
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
RHODIUM
Tissue
Blood
Range
0-0-0.16 ppm
Mean Level
Not Given
No. of
Cases
39
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectrometry
Comments
Healthy males, mean age 35.3 yrs.
Serum.
Reference
Gofman et al. ,
1964
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
RUBIDIUM
Tissue
Blood
Hair
Placenta
Teeth
Range
Not given
0.02-0.28 ppm
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
0.14-0.87 yg/g
Mean Level
(a) 15.4 + 3.2 yg/g
dry wt .
(b) 17.8 + 4.0 yg/g
dry wt.
Not given
(a) 4.18 + 0.62 yg/ml
(b) 0.16 + 0.03 yg/ml
(a) 4.28 + 0.75 yg/ml
(b) 0.18 + 0.02 yg/ml
(c) 4.10 + 0.54 yg/ml
(d) 0.15 ± 0.02 yg/ml
0.20 and 0.23 yg/g dry
wt.
25.0 + 5.8 yg/g dry wt.
0.41 yg/g
No. of
Cases
(a) 712
(b) 684
39
21
12
females
9
males
2
826
56
Analytical
Method
NAA
X-ray spectrometry
AAS
AAS
AAS; MS
NAA
MS
Comments
10% higher for whites, Nashville,
Tennessee. (a) maternal blood;
(b) infant blood
Healthy males, mean age 35.3 yrs.
Serum.
Normal Utah males. (a) rbc; (b)
plasma
(a) male rbc
(b) male plasma
(c) female rbc
(d) female plasma
10% higher for whites, Nashville,
Tennessee
<20-year-olds, wide geographic
area
Reference
Baglan et al. ,
1974
Go f man et al. ,
1964
Wood, 1969
Wood, 1970
Yurachek et al.,
1969
Baglan et al. ,
1974
Losee et al. ,
1973
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
RUTHENIUM
Tissue
Blood
Range
0.0-0.23 ppm
Mean Level
Not Given
No. of
Cases
39
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectrometry
Comments
Healthy males, mean age 35.3 yrs.
Serum.
Reference
Go f man et al. ,
1964
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
SAMARIUM
Tissue
Blood
Range
0.00-0.18 ppm
Mean Level
Not given
No. of
Cases
39
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectrometry
Comments
Healthy males; mean age 35.3 yrs.
Serum.
Reference
Go f man et al . ,
1964
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
SCANDIUM
Tissue
Blood
Hair
Range
0.0-0.3 ppm
Not Given
Mean Level
Not Given
0.0022+0.00012 ppm
No. of
Cases
39
10
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectrometry
NAA
Comments
Healthy males, mean age 35.3 yrs.
Serum.
Hair cycle discussed
Reference
Gofman et al. ,
1964
Obrusnik et al. ,
1972
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
SELENIUM
Tissue
Adipose
Blood
Bone
Brain
Breast
Range
Not given
10-34 yg/100 ml
Not given
Not given
0.05-0.15 ppm
Not given
17.0-27.3 yg/100 ml
13.7-21.1 yg/100 ml
18-32 yg/100 ml
Not given
0.04-0.21 ppm wet wt.
Not given
Mean Level
0.04 ppm wet wt.
20.6 yg/100 ml
0.093 + 0.115 pg/g dry
wt.
0.076 + 0.109 yg/g dry
wt.
Not given
1.49 + 0.06
21.71 + 1.05 yg/100 ml
16.2+0.75 yg/100 ml
23.6 yg/100 ml;
22.3 yg/100 ml
0.42 ppm wet wt.
0.13 ppm wet wt.
0.11 ppm wet wt.
No. of
Cases
6
210
83
123
39
18
10
12
48
6
6
6
Analytical
Method
Fluorometry
Fluorometry
NAA
NAA
X-ray
Spectrometry
NAA
Fluorometry
Fluorometry
Fluorometry
Fluorometry
Fluorometry
Fluorometry
Comments
Age 9 months to 69 years
Jlood bank donors
4 large hospitals in Nashville,
Tenn. Maternal blood.
4 large hospitals in Nashville,
Tenn. Fetal blood.
Healthy males, mean age 35.3 yrs.
Serum
VA hospital patients in Louisville
Ky.
Normal persons, age 50-71 yrs.
Cancer patients, age 50-71 yrs.
21 normal women, 27 normal males;
Cleveland area
A.ge 9 months to 69 years
ige 9 months to 69 years
Ige 9 months to 69 years
Reference
Schroeder et al . ,'
1970
Allaway et al. ,
1968
Baglan et al. ,
1974
Baglan et al. ,
1974
Go f man et al . ,
1964
McConnell et al.,
1975
Shamberger et al . ,
1971
Shamberger et al. ,
1971
Shamberger et al.,
1973
Schroeder et al.,
1970
Schroeder et al.,
1970
Schroeder et al.,
1970
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
SELENIUM (continued)
Tissue
Hair
Heart
Intestine
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Milk
Range
1-11 ppm
0.025-1.65 ug/g
0.025-1.58 pg/g
Not given
0.25-0.37 ppm wet wt.
0.12-0.32 ppm wet wt.
0.61-1.84 ppm wet wt.
Not given
0.28-0.81 ppm wet wt.
0.05-0.26 ppm wet wt.
0.007-0.060 ppm
Not given
Mean Level
6.4 ppm
0.320 ug/g
0.303 ug/g
0.720 + 0.132 ppm
0.28 ppm wet wt.
0.21 ppm wet wt.
1.09 ppm wet wt.
1.73 + 0.24 yg/g dry wt.
0.54 ppm wet wt.
0.15 ppm wet wt.
0.018 ppm
0.24 ppm wet wt.
No. of
Cases
33
260
188
10
6
6
6
7
6
6
241
6
Analytical
Method
NAA
AAS
AAS
NAA
Fluorometry
Fluorometry
Fluorometry
NAA
Fluorometry
Fluorometry
Fluorometry
Fluorometry
.
Comments
Adults & children from Oak
Ridge, Tenn.
Children from Queens, Riverhead,
and Bronx
Adults from Queens, Riverhead,
and Bronx
Age 9 months to 69 years
Age 9 months to 69 years. Small
intestine
Age 9 months to 69 years
VA hospital patients in
Louisville, Ky.
Age 9 months to 69 years
Age 9 months to 69 years
Nursing mothers in or near
cities; 27.4 + 0.3 yrs;
183 + 9 days post-partum.
Age 9 months to 69 years
Reference
Bate and Dyer,
1965
Creason, 1975
Creason, 1975
Obrusnik et al.,
1972
Schroeder et al.,
1970
Schroeder et al. ,
1970
Schroeder et al. ,
1970
McConnell et al.,
1975
Schroeder et al. ,
1970
Schroeder et al. ,
1970
Shearer et al. ,
1975
Schroeder et al.,
1970
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
SELENIUM (continued)
Tissue
Muscle
Pancreas
Placenta
Saliva
Spleen
Synovlal
membrane
Teeth
Testis
Urine
Range
0.11-0.38 ppm wet wt.
Not given
0.27-0.34 ppm wet wt.
Not given
Not given
1.1-5.2 ppb
0.28-0.47 ppm wet wt.
Not given
0.12-0.90 yg/g
0.15-0.38 ppm wet wt.
Not given
0-15.9 yg/100 cc
Mean Level
0.24 ppm wet wt.
0.63 + 0.07 yg/g dry wt.
0.30 ppm wet wt .
0.102 + 0.077 yg/g dry
wt.
0.114 + 0.005 yg/g wet
wt.
3.1 ppb
0.34 ppm wet wt.
0.63 + 0.12 yg/g dry wt.
0.43 + 0.03 yg/g
0.30 ppm wet wt.
0.010 mg/liter
5.0 + 2.9 yg/100 cc;
4.2 + 1.8 yg/100 cc
No. of
Cases
6
12
6
135
58
26
6
28
56
6
Not
given
13
Analytical
Method
Fluorometry
NAA
Fluorometry
NAA
Not given
Fluorometry
Fluorometry
NAA
MS
Fluorometry
NAA
Chem.
Comments
Age 9 months to 69 years
VA hospital patients in
Louisville, Ky.
Age 9 months to 69 years
4 large hospitals in Nashville,
Tenn.
City hospitals in south and
southeast
Children, ages 11-12, Oregon.
Age 9 months to 69 years
VA hospital patients in
Louisville, Ky.
Wide geographic area
Age 9 months to 69 years
1st morning specimens; consecu-
tive specimens for 24-hr period.
Males, Rochester, N.Y.
Reference
Schroeder et al.,
1970
McConnell et al. ,
1975
Schroeder et al.,
1970
Baglan et al. ,
1974
Karp and
Robertson, 1977
Had j imarkos ,
1972
Schroeder et al. ,
1970
McConnell et al. ,
1975
Losee et al. ,
1973
Schroeder et al.,
1970
Gills et al.,
1974
Sterner et al. ,
1941
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
SILICON
Tissue
Blood
Hair
Nails
Skin
Teeth
Urine
Range
1000-5000 yg/liter
0.03-0.36 % dry wt.
10.9-27.9 yg/g dry wt.
0.17-0.54 % dry wt.
0.64-2.14 % dry wt.
100-450 yg/g
10,000-50,000 yg/liter
Mean Level
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
243 + 18 pg/g
Not given
No. of
Cases
Not
given
18
2
18
18
56
Not
given
Analytical
Method
Not given
ES
MS; AAS
ES
ES
MS
Not given
Comments
Age 15-70 yrs., white
Age 15-70 yrs . , white
Age 15-70 yrs . , white
Wide geographic area
Reference
Mertz, 1974
Goldblum et al. ,
1953
Yurachek et al. ,
1969
Goldblum et al.,
1953
Goldblum et al. ,
1953
Losee et al. ,
1973
Mertz, 1974
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
SILVER
Tissue
Adrenal
Aorta
Bladder
Blood
Bone
Brain
Range
<0.1-3.2 yg/g ash
<0. 1-1.0 ug/g ash
<0.1-0.7 yg/g ash
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
0.02-0.38 ppm
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
0.8 yg/g ash (median)
0.1 ug/g ash (median)
<0.1 wg/g ash (median)
0.0004 + 0.00003 mg/100
ml
0.0030 + 0.0003 mg/100
ml
0.0013-0.0014 mg/100 ml
0.0024 + 0.0003 mg/100
ml
Not given
0.00+ mg/100 g
0.03 yg/ml
0.00 mg/100 g wet wt.
0.01 mg/100 g wet wt.
0.003 mg/100 g wet wt.
0.033 mg/100 g dry wt.
No. of
Cases
10 of 13
63 of 105
46 of 112
122
96
41
7
39
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
3
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
X-ray spectrometry
ES
Not given
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Blood donors, Los Angeles area.
Serum.
Surgical and degenerative disease
patients, Los Angeles area. Serum
Normal persons, Los Angeles area.
Serum.
Normal persons, Los Angeles area.
Whole blood.
Healthy males. Age 35.3 yrs.
Serum.
Normal level
Long bone
Rib bone
Reference
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Butt et al. , 1964
Butt et al. , 1964
Butt et al. , 1964
Butt et al. , 1964
Go f man et al. ,
1964
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Rentoul and Smith,
1973
Kehoe et al., 194C
Kehoe et al., 194(
Kehoe et al., 194C
Nusbaum et al. ,
1958
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
SILVER (continued)
Tissue
Brain
(continued)
Diaphragm
Esophagus
Hair
Heart
Range
Not given
<0.1-1.6 yg/g ash
<0.1-0.5 yg/g ash
0.1-1.0 yg/g ash
0-12 ppm
0.007-6.20 yg/g;
0.007-4.30 yg/g
4.8 x ID'7 - 4.5 x 10's
% of dry wt.
Not given
Not given
0.4-2.0 yg/g dry wt.
Not given
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
0.03 yg/g dry wt.
0.6 yg/g ash (median)
<0.1 yg/g ash(median)
<0.1 yg/g ash (median)
3.8 ppm
0.205 yg/g;
0.165 yg/g
Not given
0.275 + 0.038 ppm
0.9 yg/g dry wt.
Not given
0.00 mg/100 g wet wt.
0.026 mg/100 g dry wt.
0.01 yg/g dry wt.
No. of
Cases
Not given
113 of 12«
17 of 91
32 of 68
33
266;
198
18
10
(Jot given
2
Not given
3
Not given
Analytical
Method
Not given
ES
ES
ES
NAA
ES
ES
NAA
Not given
MS; AAS
ES
ES
Not given
Comments
Normal level
Oak Ridge, Term.
Children; adults. 3 New York
communities .
Age 15-70 yrs. White.
Normal level
Normal level
Reference
Rentoul and Smith,
1973
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook
1963
Bate et al. , 1965
Creason, 1975
Goldblum et al. ,
1953
Obrusnik et al.,
1972
Rentoul and Smith,
1973
Yurachek et al. ,
1969
Kehoe et al . ,
1940
Nusbaum et al. ,
1958
Rentoul and Smith
1973
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
SILVER (continued)
Tissue
Heart
(continued)
Intestines
Kidney
Range
<0.1-0.5 yg/g ash
Not given
<0. 1-1.1 yg/g ash
<0.1-1.8 yg/g ash
<0. 1-1.1 ug/g ash
<0.1-1.4 yg/g ash
<0. 1-2.0 yg/g ash
<0.1-1.4 yg/g ash
Not given
Not given
<0. 0009-0. 0093 micromole/g
ash
Not given
<0. 1-1.0 yg/g ash
Mean Level
<0.1 yg/g ash (median)
0.002 mg/lOOg wet wt.
0.1 yg/g ash (median)
0.1 yg/g ash (median)
0.1 yg/g ash (median)
0.1 yg/g ash (median)
0.1 yg/g ash (median)
<0.1 yg/g ash (median)
0.00
0.026 mg/100 g dry wt.
Not given
0.005 yg/g dry wt.
<0.1 ug/g ash (median)
No. of
Cases
31 of 138
Not given
35 of 68
31 of 102
49 of 84
16 of 31
64 of 109
14 of 42
Not given
3
150
Not given
67 of 143
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Not given
ES
Comments
Duodenum.
Jejunum
Ileum
Cecum
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Adults who died unexpectedly,
St. Louis
Normal level
Reference
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Kehoe et al., 194C
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Kehoe et al., 194(
Nusbaum et al . ,
1958
Perry et al. ,
1962
Rentoul and Smith,
1973
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
SILVER (continued)
Tissue
Larynx
Liver
Lung
Muscle
Range
<0.1-0.5 yg/g ash
Not given
Not given
Not given
0.0091-0.030 micromole/g
ash
Not given
0.1-3.2 yg/g ash
Not given
Not given
<0. 0009-0. 0046 micromole/
g ash
<0.1-12 yg/g ash
<0.1-0.5 yg/g ash
Not given
<0.1-0.5 yg/g ash
Mean Level
<0.1 ug/g ash (median)
0.005 mg/100 g wet wt.
0.034 mg/100 g dry wt.
0.96 + 0.88 yg/g ash
Not given
0.04 yg/g dry wt.
0.8 yg/g ash (median)
0.004 mg/100 g wet wt.
0.030 mg/100 g dry wt.
Not given
<0.1 pg/g ash (median)
<0.1 yg/g ash (median)
0.00 mg/100 g wet wt.
<0.1 yg/g ash (median)
No. of
Cases
20 of 50
Not given
3
10
150
Not given
139 of
148
Not given
Not given
150
54 of 139
54 of 139
Not given
27 of 135
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Not given
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
5 white, 5 black healthy males
Adults who died .unexpectedly,
St. Louis
Normal level
Adults who died unexpectedly
St. Louis
Autopsy cases from 9 cities
Reference
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Kehoe et al., 194C
Nusbaum et al . ,
1958
Perry et al. ,
1973
Perry et al. ,
1962
Rentoul and Smith,
1973
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Kehoe et al., 194(
Nusbaum et al. ,
1958
Perry et al.,
1973
Tipton et al. ,
1964
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Kehoe et al., 1941
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
SILVER (continued)
Tissue
Nails
Omen turn
Ovary
Pancreas
Placenta
Prostate
Skin
Spleen
Stomach
Range
4.8 x 10-" - 6.5 x 10'7 %
dry wt.
<0.1-1.5 yg/g ash
<0. 1-1.1 yg/g ash
<0. 1-1.0 yg/g ash
Not given
<0.1-1.3 yg/g ash
1.7 x 10-" - 4.5 x l
-------
SILVER (continued)
Tissue
Teeth
Testis
Thyroid
Trachea
Urine
Uterus
Range
Not given
Not given
0.01-0.77 ug/g dry wt.
<0.1-0.5 yg/g ash
<0.1-9.8 yg/g ash
<0.1-1.3 yg/g ash
Not given
0.42-3.8 pg/ liter
<0.1-0.6 yg/g ash
Mean Level
1.0 ppm
1.11 + 1.04 ppm; 7.43 +
2.70 ppm
0.140 yg/g dry wt.
<0.1 yg/g ash (median)
<0.1 yg/g ash (median)
<0.1 yg/g ash (median)
0.00 mg/liter
1.50-1.67 yg/liter
<0.1 yg/g ash (median)
No. of
Cases
Not given
208
56
24 of 71
10 of 20
32 of 60
Not given
24
10 of 32
Analytical
Method
Not given
MS
MS
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Pueblo Indians. 800-year-old
enamel
High caries, New England; low
caries, South Carolina. <20-
year— old .
Wide geographic area
10 black and 14 white persons
age 4-69 yrs., St. Louis, Mo.
Reference
Anon, 1959
Curzon et al. ,
1977
Losee et al. ,
1973
Tip ton "and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Kehoe et al., 194C
Perry and Perry,
1959
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
STRONTIUM
Tissue
Adrenal
Aorta
Blood
Bone
Range
0.8-9.5 yg/g ash
0.12-0.87 micromole/g ash
0.17-0.89 micromole/g ash
15-78 yg/g ash
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
0.00-0.05 ppm
30-80 ppm
Not given
Not given
38.91 + 0.76 mg/g calcium
Mean Level
3.5 yg/g ash
Not given
Not given
33 yg/g ash
0.0153 + 0.0008 mg/100 ml
0.0040 + 0.0005 mg/100 ml
0.0046 + 0.0003 mg/100 m]
0.0039 + 0.0002 mg/100 m]
Not given
Not given
0.011 % of ash; 0.019 %
of ash
0.57 mg/g calcium
Not given
No. of
Cases
13
100
150
103
122
96
48
47
39
2
38
5
3
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
X-ray spec trome try
ES
ES
AAS
AAS
Comments
Adults who died unexpectedly in
St. Louis.
Blood donors in Los Angeles area.
Serum.
Hospital patients in Los Angeles
area. Serum.
Normal persons in Los Angeles
area. Serum.
Normal persons in Los Angeles
area. Whole blood.
39 healthy men. Mean age 35.3.
Serum.
Skeleton. White male, age 60.
Black male, age 48.
Fetal. Other samples.
Fetal
Adult
Reference
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Perry, 1968
Perry et al., 1962
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Butt et al. , 1964
Butt et al., 1964
Butt et al., 1964
Butt et al., 1964
Go f man et al. ,
1964
Forbes et al. ,
1956
Nusbaum et al. ,
1958
Rosenthal et al. ,
1972
Rosenthal et al . ,
1972
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
STRONTIUM (continued)
Tissue
Bone
(continued)
Brain
Diaphragm
Esophagus
Feces
Hair
Range
<0.1-3.4 uuCi/g calcium
41.6-157 ppm
0.0064-0.096 micromole/g
ash
0.0057-0.049 micromole/g
ash
0.5-4.3 pg/g ash
1.4-7.8 pg/g ash
4.3-17 yg/g ash
Not given
2.2 x 10'8 to 9.1 x 10"'
% dry wt.
11-22 pCi/g calcium
Not given
Mean Level
Not given
79.1+20 ppm (0-3
months ) ;
73.8+26 ppm (1-13
years);
107 + 23 ppm (19-33
years) ;
114 + 28 ppm (33-74
years)
Not given
Not given
3.3 pg/g ash
3.3 pg/g ash
8.2 pg/g ash
1.7 + 0.2 mg/day;
2.1 + 0.2 mg/day
Not given
15 pCi/g calcium
9.5 pCi/g calcium
No. of
Cases
35
35
100
150
127
91
65
2
18
7
2
Analytical
Method
Not given
NAA
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Radiometry
Radiometry
Comments
Alaska, ages 4 months to 62
years .
Males and Females, birth to 74
years .
Adults who died .unexpectedly in
St. Louis
Healthy, 23- and 25-year-old men
at University of Cincinnati.
White males, 15-70 years old
Boston and New Orleans
Phoenix
Reference
Schubert, 1962
Sowden and
Stitch, 1957
Perry, 1968
Perry et al. ,
1962
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton et al. ,
1969
Goldblum et al. ,
1953
Moller et al. ,
1964
Moller et al. ,
1964
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
STRONTIUM (continued)
Tissue
Hair
(continued)
Heart
Intestine
Range
2.2 x l(Te to 9.1 x 1CT6
% dry wt.
11-22 pCi/g calcium
Not given
Not given
0.014-0.19 micromole/g
ash
0.012-0.081 micromole/g
ash
1.1-7.1 yg/g ash
2.4-25 yg/g ash
3.1-33 yg/g ash
6.0-62 yg/g ash
11-100 yg/g ash
5.5-76 yg/g ash
5.2-57 yg/g ash
Mean Level
Not given
15 pCi/g calcium
9.5 pCi/g calcium
1.1 yg/g dry wt.
0.75 yg/g dry wt.
Not given
Not given
2.6 yg/g ash
11 yg/g ash
11 yg/g ash
25 yg/g ash
42 yg/g ash
23 yg/g ash
26 yg/g ash
No. of
Cases
18
7
2
2
100
150
140
67
100
81
31
107
42
Analytical
Method
ES
Radlometry
Radiometry
MS
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
White males, 15-70 years old
Boston and New Orleans
Phoenix
Adults who died unexpectedly in
St. Louis
Duodenum
Je j unum
Ileum
Cecum
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Reference
Goldblum et al. ,
1953
Moller et al.,
1964 -
Moller et al. ,
1964
Yurachek et al.,
1969
Perry, 1968
Perry et al . ,
1962
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
STRONTIUM (continued)
Tissue
Kidney
Larynx
Liver
Lung
Range
0.047-0.16 micromole/g
ash
0.033-0.14 micromole/g
ash
2.8-12 pg/g ash
10-70 pg/g ash
0
Not given
0.018-0.075 micromole/g
ash
0.008-0.040 micromole/g
ash
0.7-3.5 pg/g ash
0
0.073-0.16 micromole/g
ash
0.050-0.19 micromole/g
ash
Mean Level
Not given
Not given
5.2 pg/g ash
25 ug/g ash
0
1.70 + 1.16 pg/g ash
Not given
Not given
1.6 pg/g ash
0
Not given
Not given
No. of
Cases
100
150
143
50
2
10
100
150
146
2
100
150
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Adults who died unexpectedly in
St. Louis
White male, age 60; black male,
age 48
5 white males, 5 black males;
accident victims in St. Louis
Adults who died unexpectedly in
St. Louis
White male, age 60; black male,
age 48
Adults who died unexpectedly in
St. Louis
Reference
Perry, 1968
Perry et al . ,
1962
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Forbes et al. ,
1956
Perry et al. ,
1973
Perry, 1968
Perry et al. ,
1962
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Forbes et al. ,
1956
Perry, 1968
Perry et al. ,
1962
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
STRONTIUM (continued)
Tissue
Lung
(continued)
Human milk
Muscle
Nails
Omentum
Ovary
Pancreas
Prostate
Range
0
0
4.5-17 pg/g ash
0.5-46 yg/g ash
0.80-2.44 % ingested;
0.19 + 0.5 to 0.50 + 0.10
yyCi/kg milk
0
0.3-4.0 yg/g ash
1.6 x 10-7 to 3.3 x ID"6
% dry tissue
3.6-25 yg/g ash
4.0-33 yg/g ash
1.5-9.5 yg/g ash
5.0-48 yg/g ash
Mean Level
0
460 yg (max) ; 5 yg (min)
8.2 yg/g ash
9.8 yg/g ash
Not given
0
1.2 yg/g ash
Not given
9.5 yg/g ash
11 yg/g ash
3.3 yg/g ash
11 yg/g ash
No. of
Cases
168
168
141
141
5
2
135
18
74
16
139
48
Analytical
Method
Not given
Not given
ES
ES
Radiometry
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Samples from 58 cites and 29 non-
urban areas; amount retained in
lungs
Samples from 58 cites and 29 non-
urban area
Autopsy cases; nine U.S. cities
Women, ages 17-22, Ithaca, N.Y.;
fed controlled diet
Striated muscle. White male,
age 60; black male, age 48
White males, 15-70 years old
Reference
Schroeder, 1970
Schroeder, 1970
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton et al. ,
1964
Lough et al . ,
1960
Forbes et al. ,
1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Goldblum et al . ,
1953
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
STRONTIUM (continued)
Tissue
Skin
Spleen
Stomach
Teeth
Range
3.2 x 10"' to 4.5 x 10''
% dry tissue
4.5-15 yg/g ash
0.013-0.11 micromole/g
ash
0.012-0.068 micromole/g
ash
1.1-6.0 yg/g ash
3.4-28 vig/g ash
26-132 ppm
69-148 ppm
Not given
Not given
384-649.3 ppm
313-555 ppm
Mean Level
Not given
8.6 vig/g ash
Not given
Not given
2.1 pg/g ash
9.9 pg/g ash
67 + 20 ppm
91 + 21 ppm
128.9 + 8.39 ppm;
156.7 + 10.87 ppm
104.1 + 9.14 ppm;
184.0 + 14.68 ppm
Not given
Not given
No. of
Cases
18
21
100
150
143
130
35
15
208
208
87
87
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES •
ES
AAS
AAS
MS
MS
MS
MS
Comments
White males, 15-70 years old
Adults who died unexpectedly in
St. Louis
9- to 15-year-old school children
in Cambridge, Mass.
9- to 15-year-old school children
in Cambridge, Mass.
New England; South Carolina.
Enamel. Less than 20 years old.
High caries; low caries. Com-
bined areas of New England, South
Carolina; less than 20 years old
Enamel, surface. 12-14 years
old; Oregon, Montana, California
Enamel, subsurface. 12-14 years
old; Oregon, Montana, California
Reference
Goldblum et al. ,
1953
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Perry, 1968
Perry et al. ,
1962
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Brudevold et al.,
1975
Brudevold et al . ,
1975
Curzon and Losee,
1977
Curzon and Losee,
1977
Little and
Barrett, 1976
Little and
Barrett, 1976
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
STRONTIUM (continued)
Tissue
Teeth
(continued)
Testis
Thyroid
Urinary
bladder
Urine
Uterus
Total body
Range
281.8-490.1 ppm
64.6-266 ppm
21-280 yg/g
1.73-2.79 pCi/g calcium
1.72-3.54 pCi/g calcium
0.31-0.61 mg/g calcium
1.9-13 yg/g ash
5.3-21 yg/g ash
5.5-23 yg/g ash
Not given
Not given
2.3-21 yg/g ash
Mean Level
Not given
Not given
121 + 11 yg/g
Not given
Not given
4.3 yg/g ash
13 yg/g ash
12 yg/g ash
25.0 yyCi/g calcium
0.12 + 0.01 mg/day;
0.10 + 0.01 mg/day
9.5 yg/g ash
3?0 mg
No. of
Cases
87
87
56
41
30
18
69
21
110
6
2
32
168
Analytical
Method
MS
MS
MS
Not given
Not given
AAS
ES
ES
ES
Not given
ES
ES
Not given
Comments
Enamel, inner. 12-14 years
old; Oregon, Montana, California
Enamel, bulk. 12-14 years old;
Oregon, Montana, California
Less than 20 years old
Children in St. Louis born
between 1950 and 1958
7- to 9-month fetuses; St. Louis
Alaska
Healthy, 23- and 25-year-old men
at University of Cincinnati
Samples from 58 cites and 29
nonurban areas
Reference
Little and
Barrett, 1976
Little and
Barrett, 1976
Losee et al. ,
1973
Rosenthal et al.,
1964
Rosenthal et al. ,
1964
Rosenthal et al. ,
1972
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Schubert, 1962
Tipton et al. ,
1969
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Schroeder, 1970
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
TANTALUM
Tissue
Blood
Range
0.00-0.41 ppm
Mean Level
Not given
No. of
Cases
39
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectrometry
Comments
Healthy men, mean age 35.3 years.
Serum
Reference
Go f man et al. ,
1964
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
TELLURIUM
Tissue
Adipose
Blood
Bone
Brain
Heart
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Muscle
Ovary
Pancreas
Spleen
Range
Not given
0.00-0.49 ppm
0.5-1.6 ug/ml;
Not given
Hot given
Not given
Not given
Not given
4.36-8.27 yg/g wet wt.
0.12-0.99 yg/g wet wt.
0.35-0.63 yg/g wet wt.
Not given
Not given
1.01-1.86 yg/g wet wt.
Mean Level
1.8 yg/g wet wt.
(Jot given
1.07 + 0.12; 1.30 + 1.95
yg/ml
77.0 pg/g wet wt.
1.88 yg/g wet wt.
0.83 yg/g wet wt.
0.88 yg/g wet wt.
Not given
Not given
Not given
0.14 yg/g wet wt.
1.06 yg/g wet wt.
Not given
No. of
Cases
Not given
39
10; 2
Not given
4
4
4
3
3
2
Not given
3
Not given
Analytical
Method
NAA
X-ray spectrometry
Sot given
NAA
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
NAA
AAS
NAA
Comments
Healthy males. Mean age 35.3.
Serum.
Serum; Red blood cells.
Reference
Schroeder et al . ,
1967
Gof man et al . ,
1964
Schroeder et al . ,
1967
Schroeder et al . ,
1967
Schroeder et al . ,
1967
Schroeder et al . ,
1967
Schroeder et al.,
1967
Schroeder et al . ,
1967
Schroeder et al . ,
1967
Schroeder et al.,
1967
Schroeder et al . ,
1967
Schroeder et al.,
1967
Schroeder et al.,
1967
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
TELLURIUM (continued)
Tissue
Testes
Urine
Range
Not given
0.26-1.09 yg/ml
Mean Level
0.38 yg/g wet wt.
Not given
No. of
Cases
tot given
Not given
Analytical
Method
NAA
Not given
Comments
Reference
Schroeder et al.,
1967
Schroeder et al. ,
1967
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
TERBIUM
Tissue
Blood
Range
0.00-0.23 ppm
Mean Level
Not given
No. of
Cases
39
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectrometry
Comments
Healthy men, mean age 35.3 years.
Serum
Reference
Gofman et al. ,
1964
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
THALLIUM
Tissue
Blood
Bratn
Heart
Kidney
Liver
Range
0.00-0.03 ppm
Not given
0.0-8.0 yg/100 ml
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
Not given
0.02 yg/ml
0.3 ug/100 ml
0.5 ug/g dry wt.
0.4 ug/g dry wt.
0.4 ug/g dry wt.
0.4 ug/g dry wt.
No. of
Cases
39
Not
given
320
Not
given
Not
given
Not
given
Not
given
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectrometry
Not given
AAS
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Comments
Healthy men, mean age 35.3 years.
Serum
Children age 1 to 5 years; pre-
dominantly black and Spanish-
speaking residents of Newark,
N.J. Whole Blood.
Reference
Go f man et al. ,
1964
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Singh et al. ,
1975
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
THORIUM
Tissue
Blood
Range
0.00-0.10 ppm
Mean Level
Not given
No. of
Cases
39
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectrometry
Comments
Healthy men, mean age 35.3 years.
Serum
Reference
Go f man et al. ,
1964
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
THULIUM
Tissue
Blood
Range
0.00-0.36 ppm
Mean Level
Not given
No. of
Cases
39
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectrometry
Comments
Healthy men, mean age 35.3 years.
Serum
Reference
Gofman et al. ,
1964
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
TIN
Tissue
Adrenal
Aorta
Bladder
Blood
Bone
Range
5-72 yg/g ash
< 0.04-0. 21 mlcromole/g
dry wt.
5-38 pg/g ash
0.042-0.32 micromole/g
ash
Not Given
< 5-58 yg/g ash
0.00-0.47 ppm
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Mean Level
23 yg/g ash
Not Given
14 pg/g ash
Not Given
5.2 ppm wet wt.
16 pg/g ash
Not Given
0.012 mg/lOOg
140 yg/ml
0.12 pg/ml
0.080 mg/lOOg wet wt.
0.050 mg/100g wet wt.
0.3 ppm wet wt.
No. of
Cases
14 of 15
100
96 of 105
150
2
100 of
112
39
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
2
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
X-ray spectrometry
ES
Not Given
Not Given
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Sudden accident victims, male,
up to 56 years old
Healthy men, mean age 35.3 years.
Serum
Long bone
Rib bone
Sudden accident victims, male,
up to 56 years old
Reference
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Perry, 1968
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Perry et al. ,
1962
Koch et al. ,
1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Gofman et al. ,
1964
Kehoe et al . ,
1940
Mertz, 1974
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Koch et al . ,
1956
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
TIN (continued)
Tissue
Brain
Diaphragm
Esophagus
Feces
Hair
Range
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
< 5-<5 yg/g ash
< 5-29 yg/g ash
Not Given
< 5-62 yg/g ash
Not Given
0.034-8.30 yg/g
0.048-12/00 yg/g
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Mean Level
0.0 mg/lOOg wet wt.
1.0 ppm wet wt.
2 yg/g dry wt.
< 5 yg/g ash
5 yg/g ash
0.3 ppm wet wt.
18 yg/g ash
3.6±0.7 mg/day, 3.6±0.5
mg/day
0.561 yg/g
0.785 yg/g
0.54 yg/g
0.44 yg/g
0.83 yg/g
0.4 yg/g dry wt. , 0.39
uB/e drv wt.
No. of
Cases
Not Given
3
Not Given
7 of
129
55 of
91
1
58 of
68
2
265
191
126
90
71
2
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
Not Given
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
MS
Comments
Sudden accident victims, male,
up to 56 years old
Sudden accident victims, male,
up to 56 years old
Healthy 23 and 25-year-old men,
University of Cincinnati
Children from Riverhead, Queens,
and Bronx
Adults from Riverhead, Queens,
and Bronx
Children from Riverhead
Children from Queens
Children from Bronx
Reference
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Koch et al. ,
1956
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al. ,
1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton et al. ,
1969
Creason, 1975
Creason, 1975
Creason, 1975
Creason, 1975
Creason, 1975
Yurachek et al.,
1969
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
TIN (continued)
Tissue
Heart
Intestine
Range
Not Given
< 0.04-0. 13
Not Given
< 5-27 yg/g ash
< 0.04-0. 23 micromole/g
ash
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
< 5-160 yg/g ash
8-110 pg/g ash
15-430 yg/g ash
45-800 yg/g ash
Mean Level
0.022 mg/lOOg wet wt.
Not Given
0.2 yg/g dry wt.
5 yg/g ash
Not Given
0.016 mg/lOOg wet wt.
0.2 ppm wet wt.
0.4 ppm wet wt.
28 yg/g ash
36 yg/g ash
79 yg/g ash
130 pg/g ash
No. of
Cases
Not Given
100
Not Given
84 of
140
150
Not Given
1
7
61 of
68
100 of
104
80 of
84
31
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
Not Given
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Sudden accident victims, male,
up to 56 years old, large
intestine
Sudden accident victims, male,
up to 56 years old, small
intestine
Duodenum
Je j unum
Ileum
Cecum
Reference
Kehoe et al . ,
1940
Perry, 1968
Rentoul and
Smith, 1962
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Perry et al. ,
1962
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Koch et al.,
1956
Koch et al. ,
1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
TIN (continued)
Tissue
Intestine
Kidney
Range
10-330 pg/g ash
5-180 ug/g ash
Not Given
Not Given
0.9-7.8 yg/g dry wt.
1.1-6.0 yg/g dry wt.
< 0.04-0 micromole/g dry
wt.
0.042-0.39 micromole/g
ash
Not Given
< 5-480 ppm ash
0-1.5+ mg/lOOg dry wt.
5-46 yg/g ash
Mean Level
45 ug/g ash
57 vig/g ash
0.020 mg/lOOg wet wt.
0.4 ppm wet wt.
2.8 vig/g dry wt.
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
0.2 yg/g dry wt.
30 ppm ash
Not Given
16 yg/g ash
No. of
Cases
107 of
109
39 of
42
Not Given
6
6
2
100
150
Not Given
161
Not Given
140 of
145
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Not Given
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Sudden accident victims, male,
up to 56 years old
Adults who died unexpectedly in
St . Louis
Cancer patients
Reference
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Kehoe et al.,
1940
Koch et al. ,
1956
Koch et al. ,
1957
Koch et al. ,
1957
Perry, 1968
Perry et al . ,
1962
Rentoul and
Smith, 1962
Schroeder et al. ,
1964
Tietz et al. ,
1957
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
TIN (continued)
Tissue
Larynx
Liver
Lung
Range
< 5-16 tig/g ash
Not Given
Not Given
3.2-21.1 pg/g dry wt.
1.4-3.2 yg/g dry wt.
< 0.04-0. 24 micromole/g
dry wt.
Not Given
0.041-0.62 micromole/g
ash
Not Given
< 5-300 ppm ash
0-1.5+ mg/lOOg dry wt.
5-74 yg/g ash
Not Given
Mean Level
8 yg/g ash
0.060 mg/lOOg wet wt.
2.5 ppm wet wt.
12.0 pg/g dry wt.
Not Given
Not Given
37.50+16.4 wg/g tissue
ash
Not Given
0.6 yg/g dry wt.
35 ppm ash
Not Given
23 yg/g ash
0.045 mg/lOOg wet wt.
No. of
Cases
34 of
50
Not Given
5
5
3
100
10
150
Not Given
163
Not Given
144 of
150
Not Given
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Not Given
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Sudden accident victims, male,
up to 56 years old
Healthy adult males from St.
Louis, accident victims
Adults who died unexpectedly in
St. Louis
Cancer patients
Reference
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Kehoe et al. ,
1940
Koch et al. ,
1956
Koch et al..
1957
Koch et al..
1957
Perry, 1968
Perry, 1973
Perry et al.,
1962
Rentoul and
Smith, 1962
Schroeder et al.,
1964
Tietz et al. ,
1957
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Kehoe et al. .
1940
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
TIN (continued)
Tissue
Lung
Muscle
Range
Not Given
1.6-49.1 ug/g dry wt.
0.8-14.7 pg/g dry wt.
< 0.04-0. 62 micromole/g
dry wt.
0.093-0.93 micromole/g
ash
< 5-920 ppm ash
Not Given
11-110 pg/g ash
<5-920 ug/g ash
Not Given
Mean Level
3.8 ppm wet wt.
22.4 pg/g dry wt.
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
69 ppm ash
17 ug/g ash
9200 yg(max), 200 pg(min)
0-3.0 mg/lOOg dry wt.
37 Pg/g ash
37 yg/g ash
0.011 mg/lOOg wet wt.
No. of
Cases
4
4
5
100
150
159
168
168
Not Given
137 of
140
141
Not Given
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Not Given
Not Given
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Sudden accident victims, male,
up to 56 years old
Normal subjects
Patients with lymphomatous
diseases
Adults who died unexpectedly in
St. Louis
Samples from 58 cities and 29
nonurban areas, amount retained
in lungs
Samples from 58 cities and 29
nonurban areas
Cancer patients
Autopsy cases, nine U.S. cities
Reference
Koch et al.,
1956
Koch et al.,
1957
Koch et al. ,
1957
Perry, 1968
Perry et al. ,
1962
Schroeder et al.,
1964
Schroeder, 1970
Schroeder, 1970
Tietz et al.,
1957
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton et al. ,
1964
Kehoe et al . ,
1940
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
TIN (continued)
Tissue
Muscle
Ovary
Omen turn
Pancreas
Placenta
Prostate
Skin
Spleen
Range
Not Given
< 5-10 yg/g ash
< 5-210 yg/g ash
5-48 yg/g ash
Not Given
< 5-24 yg/g ash
Not Given
Not Given
< 5-39 yg/g ash
7-74 yg/g ash
Not Given
Not Given
1.0-4.3 yg/g dry wt.
Mean Level
0.7 ppm wet wt.
< 5 yg/g ash
15 yg/g ash
16 yg/g ash
1.0 ppm wet wt.
5 yg/g ash
0.003± 0.003 ug/g wet wt.
1.5 ppm wet wt.
1* Pg/g ash
21 yg/g ash
0.022 mg/lOOg wet wt.
0.6 ppm wee wt.
3.2 yg/g dry wt.
No. of
Cases
8
26 of
137
13 of
16
69 of
74
2
73 of
169
58
4
42 of
50
21 of
22
Not Given
3
3
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Not Given
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Convents
Sudden accident victims, male,
up to 56 years old
Sudden accident victims, male,
up to 56 years old
City hospitals in South and
Southeast
Sudden accident victims, male,
up to 56 years old
Sudden accident victims, male,
up to 56 years old
Kormal subjects
Reference
Koch et al..
1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al.,
1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Karp and Robert-
son, 1977
Koch et al.,
1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
196?
Kehoe et al..
1940
Koch et al . ,
1956
Koch et al. ,
1957
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
TIN (continued)
Tissue
Spleen
Stomach
Teeth
Testis
Thyroid
Range
0.9-5.1 Wg/g dry vt.
< 0 . 04-0 . 11 micromole/g
dry wt.
< 5-35 yg/g ash
< 0.04-0.29 micromole/g
ash
Not Given
Not Given
< 5-74 pg/g ash
Not Given
0.03-7.10 pg/g dry wt.
Not Given
< 5-33 pg/g ash
Not Given
Mean Level
Not Given
Not Given
11 ug/g ash
Not Given
0.050 mg/lOOg wet wt.
0.4 ppm wet wt.
16 vig/g ash
0.24+0.08 ppm; 1.35+
0.37 ppm
0.53±0.14 yg/g dry wt.
1.0 ppm
11 yg/g ash
0.2 ppm wet wt.
No. of
Cases
2
100
120 of
143
150
Not Given
3
111 of
131
208
56
Not Given
54 of
72
2
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
MS
MS
Not Given
ES
ES
Comments
Patients with lymphomatous
diseases
Sudden accident victims, male,
up to 56 years old
High caries area (New England) ,
low caries area (South Carolina) ,
Enamel, less than 20 years old
Less than 20 years old
External enamel from Pueblo
Indians, 800-year s-old
Sudden accident victims, male,
up to 56 years old
Reference
Koch et al. ,
1957
Perry, 1968
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Perry et al. ,
1962
Kehoe et al . ,
1940
Koch et al. ,
1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Curzon and Losee,
1977
Losee et al. ,
1973
Anonymous , 1959
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al . ,
1956
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
TIN (continued)
Tissue
Thyroid
Ttachea
Urine
Range
< 5-47 yg/g ash
< 5-50 yg/g ash
Not Given
10-20 yg/ml
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
3.0-4.0 yg/liter
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Mean Level
13 yg/g ash
12 yg/g ash
0.011 mg/liter
Not Given
-3 ppb
-7 ppb
-4.3 ppb
-7 ppb
16.6 yg/liter
16.4 yg/liter
16.8 yg/llter
17.9 yg/liter
15.8 yg/liter
20.6 yg/liter
No. of
Cases
16 of
21
54 of
60
Not Given
Not Given
15
15
8
7
24
10
14
10
14
8
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
Not Given
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Normal subjects
Hypertensive
Hypertensive, treated
Hypertensive, untreated
Normal, ages 4-69 years
Normal females
Normal males
Normal Negroes
Normal Caucasian
Hypercholesterolemic patients
before Na.Ca EDTA administration
Reference
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Kehoe et al.,
1940
Mertz, 1974
Perry, 1968
Perry, 1968
Perry, 1968
Perry, 1968
Perry and Perry,
1959
Perry and Perry,
1959
Perry and Perry,
1959
Perry and Perry,
1959
Perry and Perry,
1959
Perry and Perry
1959
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
TIN (continued)
Tissue
Urine
Uterus
Vena Cava
Total body
Range
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
<5-65 ug/g ash
Not Given
Not Given
Mean Level
14.8 pg/liter
21.6 pg/liter
23.2 pg/liter
0.01 pg/ml
0.085+0.011 mg/day,
0.058±0.006 mg/day
10 ug/g ash
Not Given
17 mg
No. of
Cases
8
4
3
Not Given
2
24 of
32
1
168
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
Not Given
ES
ES
ES
Not Given
Comments
Hypercholesterolemic patients
during Na2Ca EDTA administration
Hypercholesterolemic patients
one day after Na Ca EDTA admin-
istration
Hypercholesterolemic patients
two days after Na Ca EDTA
admin is trat ion
Healthy 23 and 25-year-old men,
University of Cincinnati
Sudden accident victims, male,
up to 56 years old
Samples from 58 cities and 29
nonurban areas
Reference
Perry and Perry,
1959
Perry and Perry,
1959
Perry and Perry,
1959
Rentoul and
Smith, 1962
Tipton et al. ,
1969
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al.,
1956
Schroeder, 1970
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
TITANIUM
Tissue
Adrenal
Aorta
Bladder
Blood
Body, total
content
Brain
Diaphragm
Esophagus
Feces
Range
<5-45 yg/g ash
<0.1-2.3 micromole/g ash
<5-25 yg/g ash
<0.1-0.52 micromole/g ash
<5-29 yg/g ash
0.00-0.18 ppm
9 mg
<0.1-0.42 micromole/g ash
<5-<5 yg/g ash
<5-14 yg/g ash
<5-44 yg/g ash
0.46 + 0.09 and 0.82 +
0.20 mg/day
Mean Level
15 yg/g ash
Not given
<5 yg/g ash
Not given
<5 yg/g ash
Not given
Not given
Not given
<5 yg/g ash
<5 yg/g ash
<5 yg/g ash
Not given
No. of
Cases
8 of 13
100
45 of
104
150
43 of
110
39
168
samples
100
12 of
129
33 of 91
32 of 66
2
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
X-ray spectrometry
Not given
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Coments
United States adults
10th and 90th percentiles
United States adults
Adult St. Louis area residents,
unexpected deaths, less than 50%
of the values, 10th and 90th
percentiles
United States adults
Healthy males, mean age 35.3
years. Serum.
58 urban and 29 nonurban
autopsies
10th and 90th percentiles
United States adults
United States adults
United States adults
Healthy males, 23 and 25 years
old
Reference
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Perry, 1968
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Perry et al. ,
1962
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Go f man et al. ,
1964
Schroeder, 1970
Perry, 1968
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton et al..
1969
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
TITANIUM (continued)
Tissue
Hair
Heart
Intestine
Range
0.0000032-0.0000064 % dry
tissue
3.9 and 24.0 yg/g dry wt.
<0.1-5.2 micromole/g ash
<5-5 yg/g ash
<0.1-0.10 micromole/g ash
Not given
<5-23 yg/g ash
<5-5 yg/g ash
<5-21 yg/g ash
<5-ll yg/g ash
5-33 yg/g ash
<5-16 yg/g ash
Mean Level
Not given
Not given
Not given
<5 yg/g ash
Not given
5.2 ppm wet wt.
<5 yg/g ash
<5 yg/g ash
<5 yg/g ash
5 yg/g ash
<5 yg/g ash
5 yg/g ash
No. of
Cases
18
2
100
24 of 140
150
1
25 of 67
15 of 102
36 of 84
16 of 31
36 of 108
22 of 42
Analytical
Method
ES
MS
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
White males, 15-70 years old
10th and 90th percentiles
Adults
Adult St. Louis area residents,
unexpected deaths, less than
50% of the values, 10th and 90th
percentiles
Male sudden accident victim.
Small intestine.
Adults. Duodenum.
Adults. Jejunum.
Adults. Ileum.
Adults. Cecum.
Adults. Sigmoid colon.
Adults. Rectum.
Reference
Goldblum et al.,
1953
Yurachek et al.,
1969
Perry, 1968
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Perry et al. ,
1962
Koch et al., 1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1863
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963.
Tipton and Cook,
1963.
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
TITANIUM (continued)
Tissue
Kidney
Larnyx
Liver
Range
<0.1-0.84 micromole/g ash
Not given
<0.1-0.12 micromole/g ash
Trace-0.67 yg/g ash wet wt,
<5-5 yg/g ash
<5-10 yg/g ash
<0.1-0.49 micromole/g ash
Not given
Not given
<1-0.33 micromole/g ash
Trace-0.50 yg/g wet wt.
<5-16 yg/g ash
Mean Level
Not given
1 . 2 ppm wet wt .
Not given
Not given
<5 yg/g ash
<5 yg/g ash
Not given
3.0 ppm wet wt.
15.20 + 16.20 yg/g ash
Not given
Not given
<5 yg/g ash
No. of
Cases
100
1
150
168
22 of 144
11 of 50
100
1
10
150
168
34 of 148
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
-ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
10th and 90th percentiles
Male sudden accident victim
Adult St. Louis area residents,
unexpected deaths, less than 50%
of the values, 10th and 90th
percentiles
Urban area autopsies
Adults
Adults
10th and 90th percentiles
Male sudden accident victim
Healthy adult male St. Louis
area residents, 5 Caucasian and
5 Negro, accident victims
Adult St. Louis area residents,
unexpected deaths, less than 50%
of the values, 10th and 90th
percentiles
Urban area autopsies
Adults
Reference
Perry, 1968
Koch et al., 1968
Perry et al., 1962
Schroeder et al.,
1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Perry, 1968
Koch et al . ,
1956
Perry et al. ,
1973
Perry et al.,
1962
Schroeder et al.,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
TITANIUM (continued)
Tissue
Lung
Muscle
Nails
Omentum
Ovary
Pancreas
Range
0.72-21 micromole/g ash
Not given
1.0-15 micromole/g ash
L<50->700 yg/g
2.4-7.7 yg/g wet wt.
<5->2000 yg/g ash
55-700 yg/g ash
Not given
<5-5 yg/g ash
0.0000163-0.000039 % dry
tissue
<5-74 yg/g ash
<5-13 yg/g ash
<5-16 yg/g ash
Mean Level
Not given
3.2 ppm wet wt.
Not given
87 yg/g
Not given
220 yg/g ash
220 yg/g ash
2.2 ppm wet wt.
<5 yg/g ash
Not given
21 yg/g ash
<5 yg/g ash
<5 yg/g ash
No. of
Cases
100
2
150
168
samples
168
141
139 of
141
1
17 of
136
18
67 of 75
6 of 16
29 of 139
Analytical
Method
ES
ES '
ES
Not given
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
10th and 90th percentiles
Male sudden accident victim
Adult St. Louis area residents,
unexpected deaths, 10th and 90th
percentiles
58 urban and 29 nonurban
autopsies
Urban area autopsies
Urban area autopsies
Adults
Male sudden accident victim
Adults
White males, 15-70 years old
Adults
Adults
Adults
Reference
Perry, 1968
Koch et al., 1956
Perry et al . ,
1962
Schroeder, 1970
Schroeder et al.,
1960
Tipton et al. ,
1964
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al., 1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Goldblum et al.,
1953
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
TITANIUM (continued)
Tissue
Prostate
Skin
Spleen
Stomach
Teeth
Testis
Range
Not given
<5-33 yg/g ash
0.000106-0.000277 % dry
wt.
17-100 yg/g ash
<0.1-0.59 micromole/g ash
Trace-1.0 ppm wet wt.
<5-14 yg/g ash
<0.1-0.29
Not given
<5-5 yg/g ash
<0.1-4.80 yg/g dry \.t.
<5-10 yg/g ash
Mean Level
11 ppm wet wt.
<5 yg/g ash
Not given
32 yg/g ash
Not given
Not given
<5 yg/g ash '
Not given
6.6 ppm wet wt.
<5 yg/g ash
0.46 + 0.13 yg/g dry wt.
<5 yg/g ash
No. of
Cases
1
16 of 50
18
22
100
168
31 of 143
150
1
26 of 130
56
19 of 72
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
;s
ES
MS
ES
Comments
Male sudden accident victims
Adults
White males, 15-70 years old
Adults
10th and 90th percentiles
Urban area autopsies
Adults
Adult St. Louis area residents,
unexpected deaths, less than
50% of the values, 10th and 90th
percentiles
Male sudden accident victim
Adults
<20-year-olds, wide geographic
area . Enamel .
Adults
Reference
Koch et al., 1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Goldblum et al.,
1953
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Perry, 1968
Schroeder et al.,
1960
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Perry et al. ,
1962
Koch et al., 1956
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Losee et al. ,
1973
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
TITANIUM (continued)
Tissue
Thyroid
Trachea
Urine
Uterus
Range
<5-82 ug/g ash
<5-72 ug/g ash
0.49 + 0.07 and 0.47 +
0.06
<5-5 ug/g ash
Mean Level
5 yg/g ash
<5 yg/g ash
Not given
<5 yg/g ash
No. of
Cases
11 of 21
28 of 60
2
5 of 32
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Adults
Adults
Healthy males, 23 and 25 years
old
Adults
Reference
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Tip ton and Cook,
1963
Tipton et al. ,
1969
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
TUNGSTEN
Tissue
Blood
Hair
Range
0.00-0.18 ppm
0
Mean Level
Not Given
0
No. of
Cases
39
33
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectrometry
NAA
Comments
Healthy men, mean age 35.3 years.
Serum
Adults and children from Oak
Ridge, Tennessee
Reference
Gofman et al. ,
1964
Bate and Dyer,
1965
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
URANIUM
Tissue
Blood
Range
0.00-0.10 ppm
Mean Level
Not Given
No. of
Cases
39
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectrometry
Comments
Healthy men, mean age 35.3 years,
Serum
Reference
Go f man et al. ,
1964
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
VANADIUM
Tissue
Adrenal
Aorta
Bladder
Blood
Brain
Diaphragm
Esophagus
Feces
Hair
Range
1 ug/100 ml to <2 ug/100
ml
0.00-0.11 ppm
Not given
-------
VANADIUM (continued)
Tissue
Hair
(continued)
Heart
Intestine
Range
0.009-2.20 ug/g
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
-------
VANADIUM (continued)
Tissue
Kidney
Larnyx
Liver
Lung
Muscle
Range
-------
VANADIUM (continued)
Tissue
Ovary
Otnentum
Pancreas
Placenta
Prostate
Spleen
Skin
Stomach
Teeth
Testis
Thyroid
Trachea
Range
-------
VANADIUM (continued)
Tissue
Urine
Range
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
<1.0-22 us/liter
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
<10 ug/liter
~2 ppb
"0.95 ppb
~2 ppb
~1.5 ppb
<6.12 ug/liter
<3.98 pg/liter
<7.66 yg/llter
<6.85 yg/liter
<5.75 ug/liter
10.2 pg/liter
18.0 yg/liter
4.96 ug/liter
No. of
Cases
flot given
15
15
8
7
24
10
14
10
14
8
8
4
Analytical
Method
Not given
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Normal subjects
Hypertensive
Hypertensive, treated
Hypertensive, untreated
Normal Americans, St. Louis
Normal females, St. Louis
Normal males, St. Louis
Negroes, normal, St. Louis
Caucasians, normal, St. Louis
Hypercholesterolemic patients,
ages 21-63 years, 3 females, 5
males, before NaaCa EDTA
administration
Hypercholesterolemic patients,
during NaaCa EDTA administration
Hypercholesterolemic patients,
day one after Na2Ca EDTA
administration
Reference
Mertz, 1974
Perry, 1968
Perry, 1968
Perry, 1968
Perry, 1968
Perry and Perry,
1959
Perry and Perry,
1959
Perry and Perry,
1959
Perry and Perry,
1959
Perry and Perry,
1959
Perry and Perry,
1959
Perry and Perry,
1959
Perry and Perry,
1959
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
VANADIUM (continued)
Tissue
Urine
(continued)
Uterus
Total body
Range
Not given
-------
VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Tissue
Blood
(adult and
newborn)
Range
The following compounds we:
Acetaldehyde1'3
Acetone1 ' 2
Benzaldehyde1
Benzene1 >2> 3
BHT2
2-Butanone1
Carbon tetrachlorlde1 >2> 3
Chloroform1'2'3
Cyclohexane1
Cyclohexanone 1
Dlchlor obenzene 1 • 2 » 3
Dlchloromethane1 > 2
1, 1-Dichloro-l-nltroethane1
Dimethyl disulfide1
Dimethylethylbenzene1 . 2
Dipropyl ketone1
Ethylbenzene1
y-Hep talac tone 1
Isobutanol1
Methyl cyclopentane1
Methyl ethyl ketone1
Methylfuran1
Methyl Isobutyl ketone1
Methyl mercaptan1
Methyl propyl ketone' t2
Pentan— 2-one
2-Propanol1
Pyridine1
Styrene1'2
Tetrachloroethylene1' 3
Toluene1' 3
Trlmethylbenzene1 ' 2
2,4,4-Trimethyl-2-pentane1
Xylene1'3
Mean Level
e Identified:
No. of
Cases
Not
given
Analytical
Method
GC/MS
Comments
Superscript 1, adult; 2, newborn;
3, identified in municipal water
supplies in New Orleans area.
Reference
Laseter and
Dowty, 1977
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (continued)
Tissue
Blood
(maternal and
cord)
Range
Chromatographic profiles cc
compounds were identified:
Acetone
Benzaldehyde
Benzene
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Cyclohexane
Dichlorobenzene
1,1-Dichloro-l-nitroethane
Dimethyl disulfide
Dime thyle thy Ibenzene
Ethylbenzene
y-Hentalactone "
Isobutanol
Methylcyclopentane
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Pentan-2-one
Styrene
Toluene
Trimethylbenzene
Xylene
Mean Level
mpared. The following
No. of
Cases
11
pairs
•
Analytical
Method
GC/MS
Comments
Some selective transfer of
compounds to the fetus. For
instance, benzene, carbon tetra-
chloride, and chloroform are
present in cord blood in quanti-
ties >_ those in maternal blood.
Possibility of elution of plasti-
cizers from i.v. apparatus.
Some of the compounds are in the
municipal water supplies in the
New Orleans area.
Reference
Dowty et al. ,
1976
(See Laseter and
Dowty, 1977, for
distribution
between adults
and newborns.
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
YTTERBIUM
Tissue
Jlood
Range
). 00-0. 31 ppm
Mean Level
lot given
No. of
Cases
39
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectrometry
Comments
Healthy males, age 35.3 yrs.
Serum.
Reference
Go f man et al. ,
1964
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
YTTRIUM
Tissue
Blood
Teeth
Range
0.00-0.05 ppm
0.01-0.17 yg/g dry wt.
Mean Level
Not given
0.007 pg/g dry wt.
No. of
Cases
39
56
Analytical
Method
X-ray spectrometry
MS
Comments
Healthy males, age 35.3 yrs.
Wide geographic area
Reference
Gofman et al. ,
1964
Losee et al., 1973
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
ZINC
Tissue
Adipose
Adrenal
Amniotic Flui
Aorta
Bladder
Blood
Range
Not Given
8.1-30.2 pg/g dry wt.
Not Given
1300-2000 pg/g ash
10-65 pg/lOOml
27.9-240.0 pg/g dry wt.
17-43 micromoles/g ash
15-54 micromoles/g ash
1100-2700 mg/lOOg ash
Not Given
1800-4900 pg/lOOg ash
Not Given
Not Given
Mean Level
1850±150 pg/g ash
19.2 and 99.5 g/g dry wt.
1600170 pg/g ash
1600 pg/g ash
32 ug/100ml
49.9-103.0 pg/g dry wt.
Not Given
Not Given
1800 mg/lOOg ash
32001130 pg/g ash
3000 ug/100g ash
36.5±7.9 pg/g dry wt.
14.9±8.4pg/g dry wt.
No. of
Cases
28
3
15
15
15
46
150
100
104
112
112
704
667
Analytical
Method
AAS
Colorimetry
AAS
ES
AAS
AAS
ES
ES
ES
AAS
ES
NAA '
NAA
Comments
Range - normal subjects (2),
mean - normal and lymphomatous
diseased subjects (1), respect-
ively
Adults
Autopsies, Chicago area
St. Louis adults
Adults
Adults
Adults
Nashville, TN hospitals,
maternal blood
Nashville, TN hospitals,
fetal blood
Reference
Schroeder et al . ,
1967
Koch et al . ,
1957
Schroeder et al. ,
1967
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Henkin, 1971
Marks et al. ,
1972
Perry et al. ,
1962
Perry, 1968
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Schroeder et al.,
1967
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Baglan et al. ,
1974
Baglan et al. ,
1974
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
ZINC (continued)
Tissue
Blood
Range
150-1730 pg/lOOml
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
0.93-1.03 ppm
72-115 and 63-118 ug/
100ml
Not Given
Not Given
63-147 (ig/lOOml
Mean Level
520 ug/lOOml
1.49±0.05 and 4.28±0.82
mg/liter
0.466±0.013 mg/lOOml
0.149±0.007, 0.152±0.018
and 0.130±0.006 mg/lOOml
69-86 and 79-86 ug/lOOml
34-38 and 32-41 ug/lOOml
0.98 ppm
96±12 and 89±13 ug/100ml
85.712.2 and 87.9±2.6
ug/'lOOml
54±32 wg/lOOml
92 ug/100ml
No. of
Cases
282
520
48
226
502
502
39
117
20
40
164
Analytical
Method
AAS
AAS
ES
ES
Not Given
Not Given
X-ray spectrometry
AAS
ES
AAS
AAS
Comments
Newark , NJ children (1-8 years)
Hardwater area (Kansas City, KA)
and softwater area (Kansas City,
MO), respectively. Serum
Los Angeles area normal
individuals
Blood donors (122), patients and
diseased individuals (96) , and
normal people (48), respectively.
Serum
Control (249) and lead mining
area (253) , respectively.
Maternal blood
Control (249) and lead mining
area (253) , respectively
Fetal blood
Males. Serum
Adults (151) and children (26),
respectively. Plasma
Males and females (20), Plasma
Lumber yard workers near
fertilizer plant . Plasma
Male and female adults. Serum
Reference
Bogden et al. ,
1974
Bierenbaum et al.
1975
Butt et al. ,
1964
Butt et al.,
1964
Fahim et al. ,
1976
Fahim et al. ,
1976
Gof man et al . ,
1964
Halsted and
Smith, 1970
Hambidge and
Droegemueller ,
1974
Hammer et al. ,
1971
Henkin, 1971
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
ZINC (continued)
Tissue
Blood
Bone
Range
27-65 yg/lOOml
70-102 pg/lOOml
Not Given
740-1300, 760-980, and
820-1090 pg/liter
34-177 and 80-543 ug/100
ml
60-1987 yg/lOOml
Not Given
Not Given
49-85 ug/lOOml
155-372 ppm ash
80.5-200.0 and 117-768
pg/g dry wt.
Mean level
48±3 and 90±3 yg/lOOml
83 yg/lOOml
96±2 and 77±2 ppm
950, 360 , and 920 yg/
liter
120 and 140-216 ug/lOOml
530 vg/100ml
7 pg/ml
74-116 yg/lOOml
65.6 vg/lOOml
181 ppm ash
147.1 and 465.8yg/g
dry wt.
No. of
Cases
15
15
275
59
123
243
Not Given
4
14
13
121
Analytical
Method
AAS
AAS
AAS; Flurometry
AAS
Colorimetry
AAS
Not Given
Not Given
Chem.; ES
ES
AAS
Comments
Range - pregnant women, mean -
pregnant and non— pregnant women ,
respectively, number of non-
pregnant women not given. Serum
Umbilical cord. Serum
Normal (150) and decreased taste
activity (125) individuals,
respectively. Serum
Men (33) , women (15) and women
on pill (11), respectively.
Plasma
Normal (58) and lytnphomatous
diseased (65) individuals,
respectively. Plasma
Males, 19 cities
Normal level
Ages 16-1/2-19, pregnancy,
3 sample times
Adult males
Rib.
Normal bone (40) and osteogenic
sarcomas (81) , respectively
Reference
Henkin, 1971
Henkin, 1971
Henkin et al. ,
1975
Hohnadel et al . ,
1973
Koch et al . ,
1957
Kubota et al. ,
1968
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Schraer et al. ,
1974
Vallee et al. ,
1957
Alexander and
Nussbaum, 1962
Janes et al. ,
1972
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
2INC (continued)
Tissue
Bone
Brain
Diaphragm
Range
18-34 and 26.4-274.7 yg/g
dry wt.
Not Given
123-367 yg/g ash
3.75-12.08 yg/g wet wt.
53.3-189.8 yg/g dry wt.
Not Given
8.0-17.0 micromoles/g ash
8.7-27.0 micromoles/g ash
Not Given
520-1100 Mg/lOOg ash
Not Given
3300-7200 yg/lOOg dry wt.
Mean Level
26 Pg/g dry wt.
210±5 yg/g ash
Not Given
5.60 yg/g wet wt.
154.4 and 66.9 yg/g dry
wt.
4.93±0.21 mg/lOOg dry wt
Not Given
Not Given
39.1 yg/g dry wt.
760 ug/100g ash
5000±170 Pg/g ash
4600 (jg/lOOg dry wt.
No. of
Cases
6
91
1
36
4
84
150
100
Not Given
129
91
91
Analytical
Method
Colorimetry
AAS
AAS
AAS
Colorimetry
ES
ES
ES
Not Given
ES
AAS
ES
Comments
Range - normal (2) and lymphoma-
tous diseased (4) subjects,
respectively, mean - normal
subjects
40 samples from one skeleton
Fetal brain
Range - normal subjects, mean -
normal (3) and lymphomatous
diseased subjects (1),
respectively
Above 1 year old
St. Louis adults
Adults
Normal level
Adults
Adults
Reference
Koch et al. ,
1957
Schroeder et al.
1967
Strehlow, 1969
Chaube et al. ,
1973
Koch et al. ,
1971
Nusbaum et al . ,
1968
Perry et al. ,
1962
Perry, 1968
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Schroeder et al.
1967
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
ZINC (continued)
Tissue
Esophagus
Feces
Hair
Range
Not Given
1900-4500 Pg/lOOg dry wt.
1.54-1.92 mg/g dry wt.
Not Given
52-119 and 120 pg/g
51-602 ppm
Not Given
10.50-450.0 and 20.10-
313.0 ug/g
75-454 and 65-308 ppm
0.0064 and 0.0562 % dry
wt.
40-260 ppm
6.4-87.0 pg/g
Mean Level
3000 170 ug/g ash
2600 pg/g dry wt.
1.65 mg/g dry wt.
14. Oil. 7 and 16.0±1.4
Not Given
117 ppm
136, 151, and 225 pg/g
90.50 and 108.54 pg/g
156 and 173 ppm
Not Given
145.2±30.8 - 156.6±26.0
ppm
18.6 wg/g
No. of
Cases
67
67
4
2
19
33
144
391
50
18
168
12
Analytical
Method
AAS
ES
Not Given
AAS
Not Given
NAA
AAS
AAS
AAS
ES
AAS
AAS
Comments
Adults
Ages 16-1/2 - 19, pregnancy
Healthy males, Cincinnati, OH
ages 23 and 25 years old
Wrestlers and nonwres tiers,
respectively
Oak Ridge, TN adults and
children
Maternal scalp (50 samples) ,
maternal pubic (51) , and neo-
natal scalp hair (43) ,
respectively
Children (224) and adults (167),
respectively, NY suburbs
Males (25) and females (25),
respectively
White males
Fourth grade boys, 5 cities
Males and females
Reference
Schroeder et al.
1967
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Schraer et al. ,
1974
Tipton et al. ,
1969
Anon., 1972
Bate and Dyer,
1965
Baumslag et al.,
1974
Creason, 1975 -
Eads and Lambdin
1973
Goldblum et al. ,
1953
Hammer et al. ,
1971
Hinners et al. ,
1974
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
ZINC (continued)
Tissue
Hair
Heart
Range
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
30-150 ppm
Not Given
Not Given
31-59 micromoles/g ash
26-49 micromoles/g ash
Not Given
2000-3700 ug/lOOg dry wt.
Mean Level
523.5, 526.0, and 517.0
Ug/8
161.5±14.1 ppm
90-180 and 110-190 ppm
173 pg/g dry wt .
167±5 and 172±9.3 ug/g
189.4±1.0 ug/g
119±4.6 ppm
246.0 and 181.0 yg/g ash
11.85±0.39 mg/lOOg dry
wt.
Not Given
Not Given
87.9 Wg/g dry wt.
2700 ug/lOOg dry wt.
No. of
Cases
43
10
211
Not Given
180
1
6
2
163
150
100
Not Given
140
Analytical
Method
NAA
NAA
AAS
Not Given
AAS
AAS
ES
AAS; MS
ES
ES
ES
Not Given
ES
Comments
Control (13) , dialysis (18) ,
and uremic (12) subjects,
respectively
Homogenized hair
Males and females, respectively,
various age groups
Normal hair level
Males and females, respectively
Seasonal variations, hair
analysis reliable
Above 1 year old
St. Louis adults
Adults
Normal level
Adults
Reference
Mahler et al. ,
1970
Obrusnik et al.,
1972
Petering et al. ,
1971
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Schroeder and
Nason, 1969
Sorenson et al. ,
1973
Strain et al. ,
1966
Yurachek et al.,
1969
Nusbaum1. et al . ,
1958
Perry et al.,
1962
Perry, 1968
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
ZINC (continued)
Tissue
Intestine
Range
32.2-90.2 and 42.0-176.3
gg/g dry wt.
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
1700-3400 pg/lOOg dry wt.
1600-3100 ug/100g dry wt.
1700-4900 ug/lOOg dry wt.
1900-4400 pg/lOOg dry wt.
Mean Level
60.6 vg/g dry wt.
2500 ±74 yg/g ash
2300 ±67 yg/g ash
3200 ±230 ug/g ash
3300 ±180 ug/g ash
1700+88 yg/g ash
2700 ±79 i«/g ash
3500±180 ug/g ash
2400
2200
2800
3500
No. of
Cases
15
68
103
84
31
73
108
42
68
103
84
31
Analytical
Method
Colorimetry
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
ES
ES
ES
ES
Comments
Range - normal (10) and lymph-
omatous diseased (5) subjects,
respectively, mean - normal
subjects. Small intestine
Duodenum
Jej unum
Ileum
Cecum
Omentum
Sigmoid Colon
Rectum
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Cecum
Reference
Koch et al . ,
1957
Schroeder et al. ,
1967
Schroeder et al..
1967
Schroeder et al. ,
1967
Schroeder et al. ,
1967
Schroeder et al.,
1967
Schroeder et al. ,
1967
Schroeder et al..
1967
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
ZINC (continued)
Tissue
Intestine
Kidney
Range
1800-4000 ug/lOOg dry wt.
2400-4800 pg/lOOg dry wt.
11.34-20.1 pg/g wet wt.
726-7768 ppm ash
270-5700 and 1300-8100
pg/g ash
83.9-550 and 167.8-1038.4
Ug/g dry wt.
64-126 and 119-448 pg/g
dry wt.
3267-9560, 2210-5858,
3124-10,110, and 3689-
14,598 pg/g ash
Not Given
61-423 and 60-241 ppm dry
wt.
Not Given
Mean Level
2600 pg/lOOg dry wt.
3300 ug/lOOg dry wt.
15.77 pg/g wet wt.
1832-3762 ppm ash
3500 and 4600 pg/g asn
375 Pg/g dry wt.
91 and 218 pg/g dry wt.
5168, 4839, 5204, and
7431 ug/g ash
5307±1797 and 5055±
6791 pg/g ash
181 and 125 ppm dry wt.
19.04±0.64 mg/lOOg dry
wt.
No. of
Cases
108
42
36
120
24
14
38
80
104
35
244
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
AAS
AAS
AAS
Colorimetry
NAA
AAS
AAS
AAS
ES
Comments
Sigmold colon
Rectum
Fetal kidney
Autopsies - 14 under 6 years old ,
106 adults. Renal cortex
Autopsies, control (12) and
emphysematics (12) , respectively
Range - normal (7) and lympho-
matous diseased (7) subjects,
respectively, mean - normal
subjects
Infants (6) and adults (32) ,
respectively, autopsies
Control (traumatic or infectious
diseases), chronic hypertensives
(12) , cardiac or cerebrovascular
diseases (18) , and malignant
diseases (25) , respectively
Control (36) and emphysema and
carcinoma (68) subjects,
respectively, 103 males, 1 female
Cortex and medulla, respectively
Above 1 year old
Reference
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Chaube et al. ,
1973
Hammer et al. ,
1973
Hirst et al. ,
1973
Koch et al . ,
1957
Livingstone, 197]
Morgan, 1969
Morgan et al . ,
1971
Netsky et al. ,
1969
Nusbaum et al. ,
1958
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
ZINC (continued)
Tissue
Kidney
Larynx
Liver
Range
49-120 micromoles/g ash
1110-8200 yg/g ash
Not Given
35-175 micromoles/g ash
Not Given
Not Given
0.0-100+ mg/lOOg dry wt.
3200-7400 yg/lOOg dry wt.
Not Given
680-2300 yg/lOOg dry wt.
104.9-231.7 yg/g dry wt.
158-60,260 ppm ash
2500-10,000 and 1900-
8300 ug/g ash
Mean Level
Not Given
3810-3850 yg/g ash
4620+1960 and 3450±1630
yg/g ash
Not Given
188 yg/g dry wt.
287±126 yg/g dry wt.
Not Given
4500ug/100g dry wt.
1300+87 yg/g ash
1200 wg/lOOg dry wt.
167.7 ug/g dry wt.
3297-6354 ppm ash
5700 and 5000 Wg/g ash
No. of
Cases
150
62
24
100
Not Given
40
Not Given
145
48
48
36
120
24
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
AAS
ES
Not Given
AAS
ES
ES
AAS
ES
AAS
AAS
AAS
Comments
St. Louis adults
St. Louis adults and children
Emphysematic (12) and normal (12)
subjects, respectively
Adults
Normal level
Adults, no metallothionein
Adults
Adults
Fetal liver
Autopsies - 14 under 6 years,
106 adults, highest level in
0-9 year age group
Autopsies, control (12) and
emphysematics (12) , respectively
Reference
Perry et al. ,
1962
Perry et al. ,
1961
Perry et al . ,
1972
Perry, 1968
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Syversen, 1975
Tietz et al. ,
1957
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Schroeder et al.
1967
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Chaube et al . ,
1973
Hammer et al. ,
1973
Hirst et al. ,
1973
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
ZINC (continued)
Tissue
Liver
Range
223.4-517.0 and 147.2-
395.8 yg/g dry wt.
3282-16,842, 4702-11,238,
2732-17950, and 3740-
21,098 yg/g ash
Not Given
51-504 ppm dry wt.
Not Given
26-48, 53-101, and 14-26
ppm wet wt .
34-92 micromoles/g ash
1400-21,000 yg/g ash
Not Given
Mean Level
379 yg/g dry wt.
6463, 7028, 7404, and
9678 yg/g ash
6062±2311 and 6469-7322
yg/g ash
207 ppm dry wt.
21.9210.70 mg/lOOg dry
wt.
37.2, 80, and 18 ppm wet
wt.
Not Given
3875-9800 yg/g ash
5040+1670 and 5780±2800
yg/g ash
No. of
Cases
14
80
104
35
241
13
150
62
24
Analytical
Method
Colorimetry
AAS
AAS
AAS
ES
Not Given
ES
ES
AAS
Comments
Range - normal (8) and lymph-
omatous diseased (6) subjects,
respectively, mean - normal
subjects
Control (traumatic or infectious
diseases, ( 25) , chronic hyper-
tensives (12) , cardiac or cerebro-
vascular diseases (18) , and
malignant diseases (25) ,
respectively, 79 men, 1 woman
Control (36) and emphysema and
carcinoma (68) subjects,
respectively, 103 males, 1
female
Autopsies
Above 1 year old
Control (no cancer) , cancer
patient - uninvolved liver, and
cancer patient - cancerous liver,
respectively
St. Louis adults
St. Louis adults and children
Emphysematic (12) and normal (12)
subjects, respectively
Reference
Koch et al . ,
1957
Morgan, 1969
Morgan et al. ,
1971
Netsky et al. ,
1969
Nusbaum et al. ,
1958
Olson et al. ,
1954
Perry et al. ,
1962
Perry et al. ,
1961
Perry et al. ,
1972
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
ZINC (continued)
Tissue
Liver
Lung
Range
44-230 micromoles/g ash
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
0.0-65+ mg/lOOg dry wt.
2200-5900 "g/100g dry wt.
Not Given
100-1400 and 96-2100 Hg/g
ash
117.2-145.1 and 78.2-
719.8 Vig/g dry wt.
24.0-140.0 yg/g dry wt.
53-225 ppm dry wt.
Not Given
Mean Level
Not Given
4920±1810 ug/g ash
169 ug/g dry wt.
(a) 280S58 Ug/g dry wt.
(b) 221±69 pg/g dry wt.
Not Given
3500 ug/100g dry wt.
74 ppm wet wt.
950 and 990 ug/g ash
130.8 ug/g dry wt.
51.2-102.2 yg/g dry wt.
85 ppm dry wt.
8.63±0.39 mg/lOOg dry wt
No. of
Cases
100
10
Not Given
14
Not Given
150
14
24
13
26
35
86
Analytical
Method
ES
ES
Not Given
AAS
ES
ES
Chem. ; ES
AAS
Colorimetry
AAS
AAS
ES
Comments
Adults
5 blacks and 5 whites, St. Louis
Normal liver level
Adults , no metallothionein
detected, (a) cortex, (b)
medulla
Adults
Adult males
Autopsies, control (12) and
emphysematics (12) , respectively
Range - normal (5) and lymph-
omatous diseased (8) subjects,
respectively, mean - normal
subjects
Autopsies , Chicago area
Autopsies
Above 1 year old
Reference
Perry, 1968
Perry et al.,
1973
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Syversen, 1975
Tietz et al. ,
1957
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Vallee et al. ,
1957
Hirst et al. ,
1973
Koch et al. ,
1957
Marks et al. ,
1972
Netsky et al. ,
1969
Nusbaum et al. ,
1958
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
ZINC (continued)
Tissue
Lung
Membrane
Milk
Muscle
Range
13-27 inicromoles/g ash
Not Given
13-36 micromoles/g ash
6.6-31 mg
0-20+ mg/lOOg dry wt.
880-1800 ug/lOOg dry wt.
660-3100 ug/g ash
Not Given
Not Given
62.3-297.3 and 95.7-144.8
yg/g dry wt.
278-642 and 215.2-349.7
yg/g dry wt.
Not Given
Mean Level
Not Given
978±410 and 830±410yg/g
ash
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
1300 yg/lOOg dry wt.
1400 yg/g ash
26-30 and 26.5-29.0 yg/
lOOg
1.68±0.78 yg/ml
213.4 yg/g dry wt.
413.6 yg/g dry wt.
4800±190 yg/g ash
No. of
Cases
150
24
100
168
Not Given
141
141
502
50
13
13
137
Analytical
Method
ES
AAS
ES
Not Given
ES
ES
ES
Not Given
AAS
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
AAS
Comments
St. Louis adults
Emphysematic (12) and normal (12)
subjects, respectively
Adults
Autopsies, urban and rural areas
Adult
Autopsies, 9 cities
Control area (249) and lead
mining area (253), respectively.
Fetal membrane
Range - normal (6) and lymph-
omatous diseased (7) subjects,
respectively, mean - normal
subjects. Cardiac
Range - normal (7) and lymph-
omatous diseased (6) subjects,
respectively, mean - normal
subjects
Striated
Reference
Perry et al. ,
1962
Perry et al. ,
1972
Perry, 1968
Schroeder, 1970
Tietz et al.,
1957
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton et al. ,
1964
Fahim et al . ,
1976
Picciano, 1976
Koch et al.,
1957
Koch et al. ,
1957
Schroeder et al.
1967
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
ZIHC (continued)
Tissue
Muscle
Myocardium
Nails
Ovary
Omentum
Pancreas
Placenta
Range
2900-6800 wg/lOOg dry wt.
102-284 ug/g dry wt.
0.0116-0.308 % dry wt.
Not Given
Not Given
840-2700 ug/100g dry wt.
940-2900 ug/g ash
114-195 and 92.4-180.6
Ug/g dry wt.
1500-3500 ug/lOOg dry wt.
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
Mean Level
4300 ug/100g dry wt.
130-152 ug/g dry wt.
Not Given
242, 445, and 478 ug/g
1800+210 ug/g ash
1700 ug/100g dry wt.
1600 ug/g ash
168 pg/g dry wt.
2300 Ug/lOOg dry wt.
70.5+13.5 ug/g dry wt.
28.82±20.77 micromoles/g
dry wt .
13.80+0. 39-50. 37±3. 58
micromoles/B
No. of
Cases
137
26
18
43
16
16
73
9
138
811
554
554
Analytical
Method
ES
AAS
ES
NAA
AAS
ES
ES
Colorimetry
ES
NAA
AAS
AAS
Comments
Adult
Autopsies, Chicago area
White males
Control (13) , dialysis (18) and
uremic (12) subjects, respec-
tively. Finger
Adult
Adult
Range - normal (4) and lymph-
omatous diseased (5) subjects,
respectively, mean - normal
subjects
Adult
Nashville, TN hospitals
Normal deliveries, Houston
Range of monthly means
Reference
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Marks et al. ,
1972
Goldblum et al.,
1953
Mahler et al.,
1970
Schroeder et al. ,
1967
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al. ,
1957
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Baglan et al . ,
1974
Dawson, 1969
Dawson et al. ,
1968
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
ZINC (continued)
Tissue
Placenta
Prostate
Saliva
Skin
Spleen
Range
Not Given
Not Given
Not Given
3200-19000 ng/100g
dry wt.
Not Given
Not Given
0.002-0.0678 % dry wt.
6.2-112.4 ug/g dry wt.
Not Given
550-1000 yg/lOOg dry wt.
63.3-138.3 and 92.1-130.7
yg/g dry wt.
Mean Level
26.5-31.0 and 26.0-31.5
yg/lOOg
10.232±0.481 ug/g wet wt
9200±860 yg/g ash
7500 yg/100g dry wt.
51±14 and 10±6 ppb
51±3 and 10±1 ppb
Not Given
Not Given
10001230 yg/g ash
780 yg/lOOg dry wt.
113.4 Pg/g dry wt.
No. of
Cases
502
58
50
50
81
275
18
7
21
21
11
Analytical
Method
Not Given
Not Given
AAS
ES
AAS
AAS ; Flurometry
ES
Colorimetry
AAS
ES
Colorimetry
Comments
Control (249) and lead mining
area (253), respectively
South and Southeast city
hospitals
Adults
Normal (34) and idiopathic
hypogeusia (47) individuals,
respectively. Parotid saliva
Normal (150) and decreased taste
activity (125) individuals,
respectively
White males
Lymphomatous diseased subjects
Adults
Range - normal (6) and lymph-
omatous diseased (5) subjects,
respectively, mean - normal
subjects
Reference
Fahim et al. ,
1976
Karp and
Robertson, 1977
Schroeder et al.
1967
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Henkin et al. ,
1975
Henkin et al. ,
1975
Goldblum et al. ,
1953
Koch et al. ,
1957
Schroeder et al.
1967
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al . ,
1957
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
ZINC (continued)
Tissue
Spleen
Stomach
Sweat
Teeth
Range
62.2-154 ys/g dry wt.
Not Given
15-29 mlcromoles/g ash
15-36 micromoles/g ash
1000-1900 pg/lOOg dry wt.
78.7-185 and 73.7-144.2
pg/g dry wt.
Not Given
1700-3400 pg/100g dry wt.
130-1460 and 530-2620
yg/liter
2.47-3.49 mg/day
1210-3950 ppm
Not Given
Mean Level
77.9-91.0 ug/g dry wt.
8.57±0.38 mg/lOOg dry
wt.
Not Given
Not Given
1300 yg/lOOg dry wt.
152.7 ug/g dry wt.
2600±69 ug/g ash
2400 pg/100g dry wt.
500 and 1250 ug/liter
2 . 84 mg/day
1620±460 ppm
151.0±30.5 yg/g
No. of
Cases
26
87
150
100
142
7
130
130
48
4
35
38
Analytical
Method
AAS
ES
ES
ES
ES
Colorlmetry
AAS
ES
AAS
Not Given
AAS
X-ray spectrometry
Comments
Autopsies, Chicago area
Above 1 year old
St. Louis adults
Adults
Adults
Range - normal (4) and lymph-
omatous diseased (3) subjects,
respectively, mean - normal
subjects
Adults
Men (33) and females (15) ,
respectively, comparison to women
on pill showed no difference
Ages 16-1/2 - 19, pregnancy
Left maxillary central incisor,
9-15 year olds
Calif ornians . Dentin
Reference
Marks et al.,
1972
Nusbaum et al. ,
1958
Perry et al. ,
1962
Perry, 1968
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Koch et al. ,
1957
Schroeder et al. .
1967
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Hohnadel et al. ,
1973
Schraer et al. ,
1974
Brudevold
et al., 1975
Kuhnlein and
Galloway, 1977
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
ZINC (continued)
Tissue
Teeth
Testis
Thyroid
Trachea
Umbilical cord
Urine
Range
42-510 ug/g
Not Given
900-2200 ug/lOOg dry wt.
Not Given
1700-4000 ug/lOOg dry wt.
Not Given
450-1800 ug/100g dry wt.
Not Given
166-323 and 400-800 ug/
24-hr sample
Not Given
141-779 ug/lOOml
82-740 ug/liter
Not Given
Mean Level
203 yg/g
1500±64 yg/g ash
1400 pg/100g dry wt.
2900±260 ug/g ash
2700 wg/lOOg dry wt.
980±62 ug/g ash
890 ug/lOOg dry wt.
27-29 and 24-29 yg/lOOg
Not Given
630±550 yg/lOOml
353 pg/lOOml
318 ug/liter
85, 125, and 85 ppb
No. of
Cases
56
71
71
21
21
60
60
502
19
40
164
24
38
Analytical
Method
MS
AAS
ES
AAS
ES
AAS
ES
Not Given
NG
AAS
AAS
ES
NG
Comments
Less than 20-year-old teeth.
Enamel
Adults
Adults
•
Adults
Control area (249) and lead
mining area (253) , respectively
Wrestlers and nonwrestlers,
respectively
Lumberyard workers near
fertilizer plant
Male and female adults
Black and white males and females
Normal (15) , hypertensive (15)
and treated hypertensive (8)
subjects, respectively
Reference
Losee et al. ,
1973
Schroeder et al. ,
1967
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Schroeder et al.
1967
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Schroeder et al.
1967
Tipton and Cook,
1963
Fahim et al. ,
1976
Anon., 1972
Hammer et al . ,
1971
Henkin, 1971
Perry and Perry,
1959
Perry, 1968
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
ZINC (continued)
Tissue
Urine
Range
Not Given
0.49-0.82 mg/day
Not Given
Not Given
Mean Level
0.5 ug/ml
0.62 mg/day
1.3±0.1 and 1.2±0.2
mg/day
2500±290 wg/8 ash
No. of
Cases
Not Given
4
2
32
Analytical
Method
Not Given
Not Given
AAS
AAS
Comments
Normal level
Ages 16-1/2 - 19. Pregnancy
Healthy males, Cincinnati OH,
ages 23 and 25 years old
Reference
Rentoul and
Smith, 1973
Schraer et al. ,
1974
Tipton et al. ,
1969
Schroeder et al. .
1967
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
ZIRCONIUM
Tissue
Adipose
Aorta
Bladder
Blood
Brain
Diaphragm
Feces
Heart
Intestine.
Kidney
Range
2.94-42.27 yg/g ash
Not given
Not given
0.00-0.20 ppm
Not given
Not given
0.26-6.40 yg/g ash
Not given
Not given
0.74-4.13 yg/g ash
0.36-1.16 yg/g ash
0.65-5.39 yg/g ash
Mean Level
18.71 yg/g ash
9.49 yg/g ash
13.92 yg/g ash
Not given
0.40; 1.25 yg/g
6.40, 6.02 yg/g
2.61 yg/g ash
3.49 yg/g ash
0.12 + 0.02 and 0.059 +
0.008 mg/day
1.81 yg/g ash
0.76 yg/g ash
2.70 yg/g ash
No. of
Cases
3
1
1
39
4
4
4
1
2
4
2
4
Analytical
Method
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
X-ray spectrometry
Colorimetry
Color ime try
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
ES
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
Comments
Autopsies, Dallas, Baltimore, and
Miami
Autopsies, Dallas, Baltimore, and
Miami
Autopsies, Dallas, Baltimore, and
Miami
Healthy males, age 35.3 yrs.
Serum.
18 yrs. old; 40 yrs. old. Serum.
18 yrs. old; 40 yrs. old. Red
blood cells.
Autopsies, Dallas, Miami, and
Baltimore
Autopsies, Dallas, Miami, and
Baltimore
Healthy males , age 23 and 25 yrs . ,
University of Cincinnati
Autopsies, Dallas, Miami, and
Baltimore
Autopsies, Dallas, Miami, and
Baltimore. Jejunum.
Autopsies, Dallas, Miami, and
Baltimore
Reference
Schroeder and
Balassa, 1966
Schroeder and
Balassa, 1966
Schroeder and
Balassa, 1966
Go f man et al. ,
1964
Schroeder and
Balassa, 1966
Schroeder and
Balassa, 1966
Schroeder and
Balassa, 1966
Schroeder and
Balassa, 1966
Tipton et al. ,
1969
Schroeder and
Balassa, 1966
Schroeder and
Balassa, 1966
Schroeder and
Balassa, 1966
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
ZIRCOKIUM
Tissue
Liver
Lung
Muscle
Pancreas
Spleen
Stomach
Teeth
Testis
Urine
Range
1.35-9.19 yg/g ash
Max. 7890
1.18-7.49 yg/g ash
Not given
1.32-3.50 yg/g ash
0.65-3.39 yg/g ash
1.52-1.76 yg/g ash
Not given
<0. 02-2. 60 ug/g dry wt.
0.93-2.04 ug/g ash
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
6.28 ug/g ash
Not given
3.46 ug/g ash
2.63 ug/g ash
2.06 pg/g ash
1.88 yg/g ash
1.64 ug/g ash
0.27 + 0.10 ppm
0.16 + 0.09 ppm
0.53 + 0.08 yg/g dry wt.
1.37 yg/g ash
0.0
0.084 ± 0.014 and
0.18 ± 0.06 mg/day
No. of
Cases
3
168
4
1
3
4
2
208
56
4
5
2
Analytical
Method
Colorimetry
Not given
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
MS
MS
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
ES
Comments
Autopsies, Dallas, Miami, and
Baltimore
58 cities and 29 nonurban
areas
Autopsies, Dallas, Miami, and
Baltimore
Autopies, Dallas, Miami, and
Baltimore (psoas muscle)
Autopsies, Dallas, Miami, and
Baltimore
Autopsies, Dallas, Miami, and
Baltimore
Autopsies, Dallas, Miami, and
Baltimore
High caries; low caries; <20-
year-olds
<20-year-olds, wide geographic
area
Autopsies, Dallas, Miami, and
Baltimore
1 female, 4 males, age 18-80
yrs.
Healthy males, age 23 and 25
years, University of Cincinnati
Reference
Schroeder and
Balassa, 1966
Schroeder, 1970
Schroeder and
Balassa, 1966
Schroeder and
Balassa, 1966
Schroeder and
Balassa, 1966
Schroeder and
Balassa, 1966
Schroeder and
Balassa, 1966
Curzon and Losee,
1977
Losee et al. ,
1973
Schroeder and
Balassa, 1966
Schroeder and
Balassa, 1966
Tipton et al. ,
1969
TX-4907
7-24-78
-------
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