FINAL REPORT
CO-OCCURRENCE OF DRINKING WATER CONTAMINANTS
September 30,1999
Submitted to:
Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
Submitted by:
Science Applications International Corporation
171 OGoodridge Drive
Mclean,VA22102
EPA 815-R-00-025
EPA Contract No. 68-C6-0059, WANo. 1-25
SAIC Project No. 01-0833-3564-XXX
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_ Contents
Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose
1.2 Previous Work
1.3 Background ...
1.3.1 Drinking Water Regulations
1.3.2 Constituents of Concern ...
1.3.3 Threshold Values
1.3.4 Databases
1.3.4.1 USGS NWIS Database
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-5
2. METHODOLOGY 2-1
2.1 Conventions Applied 2-1
2.1.1 Observation Points 2-1
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
.1.1 Average Data For More Than One Entry 2-1
.1.2 Sample Counts 2-1
.1.3 Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r) 2-2
. 1.4 Pearson Correlation Probability (P-value) 2-3
2.1.2 Observation Stations 2-3
.2.1 Conversions of data to observation stations 2-3
.2.2 Sample Size 2-4
2.2 Analysis 2-5
2.2.1 Statistical Analysis for Observation Points (Previous Work) 2-5
2.2.2 Frequency Counts for Observation Stations 2-7
2.2.2.1 Histograms 2-8
2.2.2.2 Sample Size Determination 2-8
2.2.2.3 Data Reduction 2-8
2.3 Literature Search 2-9
3. RESULTS 3-1
3.1 Observation Stations 3-1
3.1.1 Single Constituent Counts 3-2
3.1.2 Co-occurring Pairwise Counts 3-7
3.1.3 Distribution of Constituents 3-10
3.1.4 Statistical Analysis 3-10
4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 4-1
4.1 Conclusions 4-1
4.1.1 Databases 4-1
4.1.2 Datasets 4-1
4.1.3 Observations Points 4-2
4.1.4 Observation Stations 4-2
4.2 Recommendations 4-6
4.2.1 Organic Constituents 4-6
4.2.2 Multivariate Analysis 4-6
4.2.3 Linking PWS 4-6
4.2.4 Cost 4.7
5 REFERENCES 5-1
September 30, 1999 i Final Report
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Appendices
List of Tables
Table ES-1. EPA Regions where Correlation Coefficients for Co-occurring Pairs are >0.8 (Ground Water) ES-3
Table ES-2. EPA Regions where Correlation Coefficients for Co-occurring Pairs are >0.8 (Surface Water) ES-3
Table 1-1. Primary Constituent Threshold Levels 1-4
Table 1-2. Secondary Constituent Threshold Levels 1-4
Table 2-1. Assumptions for Conversion from Observation Points to Observation Stations 2-3
Table 2-2. Parameters and Threshold Intervals Used in the Co-occurrence Frequency Tables 2-6
Table 2-3. Databases Used for Literature Search 2-9
Table 2-4. Key Words and Number of Hits Found in Database Literature Search 2-10
Table 3-1. Single Station Counts for Ground Water 3-3
Table 3-2. Single Station Counts for Surface Water 3-5
Table 3-3. Summary Table for Single Counts 3-2
Table 3-4. Summary Table for Co-occurrence Counts 3-7
Table 3-5. Percentage of Detect Co-occurring Constituents (Ground Water) 3-8
Table 3-6. Percentage of Detect Co-occurring Constituents (Surface Water) 3-9
Table 3-7. Spatial Distribution Summary of Co-occurring Constituents by County (Ground Water) 3-11
Table 3-8. Spatial Distribution Summary of Co-occurring Constituents by County (Surface Water) 3-13
Table 3-9. Percentage of Detected Stations for Co-occurring Constituents by County (Ground Water) .... 3-14
Table 3-10. Percentage of Detected Stations for Co-occurring Constituents by County (Surface Water) .... 3-15
Table 3-11. Statistically Significant Co-occurring Pairs for Ground Water - National Level Results 3-16
Table 3-12. Statistically Significant Co-occurring Pairs for Surface Water - National Level Results 3-17
Table 3-13 Statistically Significant Co-occurring Pairs for Ground Water in EPA Regions 3-18
Table 3-14. Statistically Significant Co-occurring Pairs for Surface Water in EPA Regions 3-20
Table 4-1 Final Co-occurring Pairs Selected Based on the Data Reduction Steps (Ground Water) 4-3
Table 4-2 Final Co-occurring Pairs Selected Based on the Data Reduction Steps (Surface Water) 4-4
Table 4-3 EPA Regions where Correlation Coefficients for Co-occurring Pairs are >0.8 (Ground Water) .. 4-5
Table 4-4 EPA Regions where Correlation Coefficients for Co-occurring Pairs are >0.8 (Surface Water) .. 4-5
Figure 2-1
Figure 2-2
List of Figures
Critical Value of r (95% Confidence Level) 2-2
Co-occurrence Analysis Flow Chart 2-7
Appendix A
Appendix B
List of Appendices
Number of Stations with Co-occurring Pairs for Ground Water A-l
Number of Stations with Co-occurring Pairs for Surface Water A-2
September 30, 1999
Final Report
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Executive Summary
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The purpose of this analysis is to determine whether specific primary (arsenic, sulfate, uranium,
radium, radon, nitrate) and secondary (antimony, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cyanide,
iron, manganese, mercury, nickel, nitrite, selenium, thallium, hardness, total dissolved solids)
drinking water contaminants co-occur on a statistically significant basis or if the co-occurrence is
purely a random phenomenon. The information on co-occurrence will be used by the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) to determine the level of overlap in regulatory requirements, for example,
in cases where treatment technologies applied for one regulation may resolve monitoring and/or
additional treatment needs for another regulation. This information may also be used to show where
specific levels of one contaminant may interfere with the treatment technology for another.
This study constitutes a follow-on effort to work performed in 1994 under Work Assignment (WA)
5 of EPA Contract 68-C3-0365 and 1998 under WA 0-25 of EPA Contract 68-C6-0059. Under the
1994 WA, SAIC supported EPA in analyzing the distribution of arsenic co-occurrence with other
inorganic constituents.
The first step in the analysis was the selection of a database that contains all the constituents. The
amount of data (sample size) for each constituent should be large enough for any meaningful
statistical analysis to be valid. There exists several national level water quality databases that contain
historical contaminant occurrence data. This work focused on the examination of three primary
databases: (1) the USGS NWIS databases (surface and groundwater), (2) National Ambient Arsenic
Occurrence database (consists of USGS groundwater data for arsenic samples and other
constituents), and (3) the EPA State Radon Occurrence database. The conclusion of this assessment
was to focus solely on the USGS NWIS database since it contained both ground and surface water
data, it was national in scope, and provided latitude/longitude coordinates for monitoring stations
that could be used in subsequent analyses to associate monitoring stations with public water supply
systems. The NWIS database represents raw water samples.
The primary constituents of interest include: Arsenic, Sulfate, Radon, Radium, Uranium, and
Nitrate. The secondary constituents include: Antimony, Barium, Beryllium, Cadmium, Chromium,
Cyanide, Iron, Manganese, Mercury, Nickel, Nitrite, Selenium, Thallium, hardness and total
dissolved solids.
The next step in this study was the determination of the level of analysis. In other words, whether
the analysis should be performed at the observation point or at the observation station level? A single
station may have more than one observation, based on the time at which these samples were taken.
Some stations have only a single observation. The stations with multiple observations can be reduced
to a single observation by making assumptions about how to aggregate the data. The application of
these assumptions are part of the data normalization process to create a uniform co-occurrence
database.
September 30, 1999 ES-1 ' Final Report
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Executive Summary
Many sets of analyses were performed to determine the best options for this analysis and to also
develop a co-occurrence analysis protocol. The following steps describe the protocol;
• Single constituent counts: determines constituents with no detect data
• Histograms: determines constituents below minimum threshold level
• Co-occurrence counts: determines number of stations where both constituents co-occur
• Data reduction based on sample size: filter detect co-occurrence stations based on sample
size.
• Correlation coefficients were calculated for all combinations of primary and secondary
constituents at all threshold levels. Calculation of the correlation coefficient and associated
P-value was used as a screening technique to filter out constituents which do not co-occur
on a statistically significant basis. Calculations were made separately for ground water and
surface water on both a national and regional basis.
• Statistical Analysis: bivariate or multivariate analysis based on the problem to be solved, i.e.
is the co-occurrence of two constituents of concern or is the co-occurrence of multiple
constituents the issue.
Based on this protocol, the following results were obtained;
• There were 862 possible co-occurring pairs for ground water and 780 possible co-occurring
pairs for surface water, based on the available data in the NWIS database.
• Out of the above possible combinations, there are 44 co-occurring pairs for ground water and
26 pairs for surface water that have enough data for valid statistical analysis.
• Sulfate occurs most frequently with other constituents - 13 constituents each for ground
water and surface water.
• On a percentage basis, for ground water, sulfate occurs most frequently with ferrous iron
(54.72%) and Uranium-235 (50.47%).
• On a percentage basis, for surface water, sulfate occurs most frequently with ferrous iron
(74.01%) and total manganese (54.28%)
• From a spatial perspective and where both constituents occur above their respective threshold
levels, manganese and iron is the most wide spread co-occurring pair in ground water. This
pair occurs in 537 counties. For surface water, sulfate and manganese is the most wide spread
co-occurring pair. This pair occurs in 376 counties.
• For ground water, pairs with correlation coefficient greater than 0.8 occur in EPA Regions
1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10 (Table ES-1) and for surface water in the Regions 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 (Table
September 30, 1999 ^2 Final Report
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Executive Summary
ES-2). The results also show that usually metals and sulfate have very high correlation both
in surface water and ground water.
Table ES-1: EPA Regions where Correlation Coefficients for Co-occurring Pairs are
>0.8 (Ground Water)
! Xq&m -:l
i
3
4
5
7
8
10
-, ' 33ipstit!^& - "
Total Arsenic
Diss. Sulfate
Diss. Manganese
Total Iron
Diss. Sulfate
Total Iron
Diss. Iron
Diss. Manganese
Diss. Sulfate
Diss. Sulfate
Total Iron
Diss. Manganese
Diss. Sulfate
Diss. Cadmium
Diss. Iron
Diss. Manganese
Ce^HEweiiifriiigC^iistitBisat , •• ","'<'"> *-?•*
Total Iron
Total Manganese, Diss Manganese
Diss. Nickel
Dissolved Manganese
Total Iron, Diss. Iron, Ferrous Iron,
Total Manganese, Diss. Manganese,
Diss. Nickel
Total Manganese, Diss. Manganese
Total Manganese, Diss. Manganese,
Diss. Nickel
Diss. Nickel
Diss. U-235
Total Iron, Total Manganese
Total Manganese
Diss. Nickel
Diss. Cadmium, Diss. Manganese, Diss. Nickel
Diss. Manganese
Diss. Nickel
Diss. Nickel
Table ES-2: EPA Regions where Correlation Coefficients for Co-occurring Pairs are
>0.8 (Surface Water)
i Ifegtifcv*
3
5
6
8
9
10
"- - €>»$f Jitte-iit
Diss. Sulfate
Total Iron
Diss. Iron
Total Iron
Ferrous Iron
Diss. Sulfate
Total Iron
^'C^^^t^^^m^mmt ' -
Diss. Iron, Total Iron, Ferrous Iron
Total Manganese, Diss.
Total Manganese
Manganese
Total Manganese
Dissolved Manganese
Total Manganese
Total Manganese
September 30, 1999
ES-3
Final Report
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1. Introduction
1. INTRODUCTION
Constituents occur in ground water and surface water either naturally or by man-made activities. The
fate and transport of these constituents is effected by various hydro-geochemical factors. The co-
occurrence of these constituents is also dependent on different hydrogeochemical factors. This
section discusses the purpose of this study, a summary of the previous work performed for co-
occurrence, and background information on various parameters and the databases used for the study.
1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this analysis is to determine whether specific primary (arsenic, sulfate, uranium,
radium, radon, nitrate), and secondary (antimony, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cyanide,
iron, manganese, mercury, nickel, nitrite, selenium, thallium, hardness, total dissolved solids),
drinking water contaminants co-occur on a statistically significant basis or if the co-occurrence is
purely a random phenomenon. The information on co-occurrence will be used by the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) to determine the level of overlap in regulatory requirements, for example,
in cases where treatment technologies applied for one regulation may resolve monitoring and/or
additional treatment needs for another regulation or where water supplies may incur costs for
installing multiple treatments to address other co-occurring substances. This information may also
be used to show where specific levels of one contaminant may interfere with the treatment
technology for another.
For studying the question, "Is co-occurrence random with concentration?", there are different issues
that need to be addressed. The main issue is the selection of a database that contains enough data for
all the constituents of interest. There are different databases maintained by the EPA and the USGS.
The selected database should have data in large enough size to support meaningful statistical
analysis. To support this co-occurrence study, the following analyses were performed;
• The development of a protocol for the co-occurrence analysis.
• Level of analysis: observation points vs. observation stations.
• The sample size selection criteria.
• Data reduction methodology
• The effect of national level and regional level analysis on co-occurrence
• The effect of well depth on co-occurrence
• The spatial distribution of co-occurring pairs.
• Hydrogeochemical literature search for co-occurrence observations
September 30, 1999 1-1 Final Report
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1. Introduction
1.2 Previous Work
This study constitutes a follow-on effort to work performed in 1994 under Work Assignment (WA)
5 of EPA Contract 68-C3-0365 and 1998 under WA 0-25 of EPA Contract 68-C6-0059. Under this
1994 WA, SAIC supported EPA in analyzing the distribution of arsenic co-occurrence with other
inorganic constituents.
Under the 1998 WA, SAIC performed various analyses and the reports documenting this work have
been previously submitted to EPA. The following is a summary of the work performed and the
results in all the reports submitted.
SAIC September 1998 Report: This report contains analysis of three water-quality databases for
use in co-occurrence analysis and initial statistical analyses for the primary constituents (arsenic,
sulfate, uranium, radium, radon, and nitrate) of concern. Also, included in the report were a literature
search to identify studies related to the co-occurrence of these constituents and hydrogeochemical
description of the primary constituents..
SAIC January 1999 Report: In the follow-on analysis, documented in this report, the focus of the
effort was on identifying, and locating actual co-occurrence data for the primary constituents and the
determination of significant correlations of co-occurrence. The correlations were also performed for
primary constituent concentrations versus well depth. The correlations were also calculated
depending on national and regional level data. This was necessary to see any regional trends in the
correlation and to document the difference between national and regional co-occurrence
observations.
SAIC May 1999 Report: This report contains information on primary (arsenic, sulfate, uranium,
radium, radon, nitrate), secondary (antimony, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cyanide, iron,
manganese, mercury, nickel, nitrite, selenium, thallium), and ancillary (hardness, total dissolved
solids) constituents of concern. All correlation analysis were performed for national and regional
levels for all constituents together. In addition to the correlations, the following analysis were also
performed;
• Frequency counts for observation points
• Single occurrence frequency counts (observation points)
• Co-occurrence frequency counts (observation points)
• Frequency counts for observation stations
• Constituent occurrence with depth
• Hydrogeochemical description of secondary constituents
In addition to these reports, two progress summary reports were also submitted in April 1999 and
August 1999.
September 30, 1999 1^2 Final Report
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1. Introduction
1.3 Background
1.3.1 Drinking Water Regulations
The 1996 Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments directed EPA's Office of Ground Water and
Drinking Water (OGWDW) to meet several regulatory initiatives with near-term deadlines. This
included final regulations for the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (December 1998),
Stage I Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule (December 1998), and Ground Water
Disinfection Rule (August 1999), and proposed regulations for Radon (August 1999) and Arsenic
(January 1,2000). EPA was already working from mandates from the 1986 amendments to regulate
uranium and revise regulations for radium, gross alpha emitters, beta emitters, and photon emitters.
EPA must consider cost when establishing national primary drinking water regulations, and the
amendments added several major stipulations. First, EPA must compare the reduction in health
risks (benefits) against the cost of implementing the regulation. Second, EPA must consider any
increase in health risks that occur in complying because of changes in co-occurring contaminants.
Third, EPA must account for benefits of reducing co-occurring contaminants due to compliance with
the new Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL). Finally, EPA must eliminate double counting
benefits that result from compliance with other proposed or final regulations.
A National Primary Drinking Water Regulation (NPDWR) is an enforceable standard that controls
the level of a specific contaminant that can adversely affect health and is known or anticipated to
occur in drinking water. In order to achieve this standard, EPA first sets a non-enforceable
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) at a level that protects against health risks. Then EPA
establishes an MCL or a Treatment Technique under the NPDWR for a contaminant. A Treatment
Technique can be established in lieu of an MCL for contaminants that cannot be measured accurately
at levels of public health concern. EPA also develops requirements for monitoring, treatment
technologies, and analytical methods for the contaminant as part of the NPDWR.
In deriving MCLs or treatment techniques, EPA evaluates the availability and performance of
various technologies for removing the contaminant, the ability of laboratories to measure the
contaminant accurately and consistently, the performance reliability of available analytical methods,
and the health risks associated with various contaminant levels. These analyses require study of the
occurrence of the contaminant in systems, the size of the systems, the range of the concentrations
of the contaminant in systems, and the cost of adding treatment to achieve the MCL.
1.3.2 Constituents of Concern
The constituents analyzed have been partitioned into two groups (primary and secondary), based on
EPA priorities. The primary constituents include: Arsenic, Sulfate, Radon, Radium, Uranium, and
Nitrate. The secondary constituents include: Antimony, Barium, Beryllium, Cadmium, Chromium,
Cyanide, Iron, Manganese, Mercury, Nickel, Nitrite, Selenium, Thallium, hardness, and total
September 30, 1999 1-3" F/«a/ Report
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1. Introduction
dissolved solids. An additional set of ancillary parameters includes: Turbidity, Conductance,
Dissolved Oxygen, pH, Alkalinity, Well Depth, Depth Below Land. These ancillary parameters were
selected for use as indicators of hydrogeologic and geochemical conditions that could influence the
co-occurrence of specific constituents.
1.3.3 Threshold Values
Based on technical direction provided by the EPA, the following threshold values were used in the
statistical analysis of co-occurrence (Tables 1-1 and 1-2).
Table 1-1. Primary Constituent Threshold Levels
Constituent
Arsenic - dissolved, total
Sulfate - dissolved
Radium -226
Radon - 222
Nitrate - N
Uranium 235
Uranium 238
Tferes&alri
2,5, 10,20
25, 120, 150,250,500
3,4
100,300,500, 1000,3000
8, 10
5, 20, 50, 60
5, 20, 50, 60
: Ite&S
UG/L
MG/L
PCi/L
PCi/L
MG/L
PCi/L
PCi/L
Table 1-2. Secondary Constituent Threshold Levels
Coaslit«*at
Antimony - dissolved, total
Barium - dissolved, suspended, total
Beryllium - dissolved, total
Cadmium - dissolved, total
Chromium - dissolved, hexaval, total
Cyanide - total, dissolved
Iron - suspended, total, dissolved, ferrous
Manganese - suspended, total, dissolved
Mercury - dissolved, total
Nickel - dissolved, total
Nitrite - N
Selenium - total, dissolved
Thallium - dissolved, total
Hardness - total
Total Dissolved solids
Tfemfeofc* !
6
2000
4
5
100
0.2
300,500
50
2
100
1
50
2
300
500
tMts
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
MG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
MG/L
UG/L
UG/L
MG/L
MG/L
September 30, 1999
1-4
Final Report
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1. Introduction
1.3.4 Databases
Contaminant occurrence data are available from several sources. The U.S. Geological Survey
(USGS) has extensive data from raw surface and ground water, along with documented analytical
methodologies. These data are maintained in the National Stream Quality Accounting Network
(NASQAN) and the National Water Information System (NWIS). EPA maintains the Storage and
Retrieval System (STORET), which contains data from States, EPA, and other government agencies.
EPA conducted the Rural Water Survey between 1978 and 1980, covering 648 supplies, 474 of
which were ground water supplies. The National Organics Monitoring Survey (NOMS) was
conducted by EPA from 1976 to 1977 and provides information on treated water data from 1976 and
1977. The National Inorganics and Radionuclides Survey (NIRS), conducted by EPA in 1984-1986,
consists of finished drinking water samples. In addition, regulated contaminants are tracked for
compliance purposes in the Safe Drinking Water System (SDWIS), indicating systems that exceed
MCLs, Finally, States and other groups keep monitoring data. Quality of the data, detection levels,
and reasons for sampling vary extensively among the databases. No single database provides all the
data needed for regulatory analysis of co-occurrence of primary constituents.
1.3.4.1 USGS NWIS Database
As documented in the final draft report, "Co-occurrence of Drinking Water Contaminants" (January
27, 1999), under EPA contract Number 68-C6-0059, Work Assignment Number 1-25, there exists
several national level water quality databases that contain historical contaminant occurrence data.
Prior work, documented in the above mentioned report, focused on the examination of three primary
databases:
• Extracts from the USGS NWIS databases (surface and ground water)
• National Ambient Arsenic Occurrence database (consists of USGS ground water data for
arsenic samples and other constituents), and
• The EPA State Radon Occurrence database.
An assessment of each of these databases was previously conducted and reported on in the January,
1997 report. The conclusion of this assessment was to focus solely on the USGS NWIS database
since it contained both ground and surface water data, it was national in scope, and provided
latitude/longitude coordinates for monitoring stations that could be used in subsequent analyses to
associate monitoring stations with public water supply systems. The NWIS data represents raw
water samples across the U.S for both ground water and surface water.
There are several other occurrence databases, such as NIRS, NOMS, and STORET, which contain
historical monitoring data. NIRS and NOMS databases were not used due to their limited sample
size, limited ability to perform specific geographic analyses, lack of data currency, and lack of
metadata. STORET data was not used because of the lack of metadata, variability in analytical
September 30, 1999 1-5 Final Report
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1. Introduction
methods used across agencies contributing data, and the decrease in the frequency of USGS updates.
In addition, USGS data were obtained directly, thus there was no need to extract it from STORET.
The NWIS contains a water quality data storage retrieval system developed by the USGS Water
Resources Division. NWIS is a distributed water database in which data can be processed over a
network of computers at USGS offices throughout the U.S. The system comprises the Automated
Data Processing System, the Ground-Water Site Inventory System, the Water-Quality System, and
the Water-Use Data System. Within NWIS, a logical water-quality database consists of a water-
quality file (WQFILE), a station file (SITEFILE) , and shared parameter reference files (USGS,
1997a). These three files were delivered, in ASCII format, by the USGS, for each of the fifty states.
For each state, a set of NWIS ASCII files (WQFILE, SITEFILE, and parameter reference file) were
processed through three Statistical Analysis Systems (SAS) programs to convert the ASCII files to
dBase files based on the file layout listed in the January report.
September 30, 1999 1-6
Final Report
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2. Methodology
2. METHODOLOGY
This section deals with the methodology used for performing the co-occurrence analysis. The
methodology section is divided into three sub-sections as follows: Conventions Applied, Analysis
Performed, and Literature Search. The convention sub-section describes the assumptions made to
perform the analyses and interpret results. The analysis sub-section discusses the type of analysis
performed for the observations points and observation stations.
2.1 Conventions Applied
The NWIS database contains data in a format that can not be used directly for the analysis. Several
conventions, as described in this section, were applied to the database. There were separate
conventions for observation points (section 2.1.1) and observation stations (section 2.1.2).
2.1.1 Observation Points
There are 146,529 observation point data for ground water and 339,043 observation point data for
surface water in the NWIS database.
2.1.1.1 Average Data for More Than One Entry
All statistics were computed on the daily mean values rather than the original raw data. Daily mean
values were used as some stations reported multiple measurements for a parameter in one day. The
majority of these measurements were taken hours apart and sometimes minutes apart.
2.1.1.2 Sample Counts
As a preliminary data analysis step, counts of observations (observation data and observation
stations) were made to determine the sample size of the various co-occurrence combinations. The
purpose of these counts was to indicate the actual sample size available for statistical analysis. The
following procedure was applied for the counts;
• Constituent 1 missing/constituent 2 present
• Constituent 1 present/ constituent 2 missing
• Constituent 1 present/ constituent 2 present.
Where both constituents are present, the observation counts were further subdivided into three
categories:
• Both constituent detected
• One or the other constituents not detected
• Both constituents not detected.
September 30, 1999 2A " Final Report
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2. Methodology
2.1.1.3 Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r)
The Pearson Correlation Coefficient is a measure of the degree of linear relationship between two
variables (Hoel, 1971). Correlation calculations enable the identification of the degree of association
between two measures.
The Pearson correlation coefficient ranges from -1 to 1. -1 and 1 indicates the strongest amount of
association. The sign of the correlation (+, -) defines the direction of the relationship, either positive
or negative. A positive correlation coefficient means that as the value of one variable increases, the
value of the other variable increases; a negative sign indicates the opposite effect.
In the correlation coefficient calculations, the first step is to determine when a value of r is large
enough, numerically, to refute the possible claim that x and y are actually uncorrelated variables.
The hypothesis of no correlation between x and y would be accepted unless the magnitude of r
exceeded a critical value of r. The values plotted in Figure 2-1 are from Murdoch and Barnes, 1974.
The data plotted in this Table is the critical value of r at the 95% confidence level. If the value of
r for a sample size falls below the curve then r is not reliable. Reliable values of r lie above the
curve.
Figure 2-1. Critical Value of/- (95% confidence level)
0.8
0.7
0.6
c
'3 0.5
e
o
O
U
0.0
Correlation: Statistically Significant at 95% confidence level
0.2
o.i —
Correlation Not Statistically Significant
200
400 600
Sample Size
800
1000
September 30, 199^
Final Report
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2. Methodology
2.1.1.4 Pearson Correlation Probability (P-value)
The Pearson Correlation Probability (P-value) associated with the Pearson Correlation Coefficient
(r) indicates whether the coefficient may be deemed statistically significant from zero. P-value is
checked prior to accepting the coefficient value. If the P-value is less than 0.05 then the correlation
coefficient value is deemed to be meaningful (see the following web site for more information on
P-value; http://www.edsm.ulst.ac.uk/minitab/correlation.htmr). If the P-value is large, it means that
the correlation is essentially zero. All results are reported at the 95% confidence interval.
2.7.2 Observation Stations
The NWIS database contains monitoring data for each observation station. Some stations have more
than one data point (different dates or different times in the same day).
2.1.2.1 Conversion of data to observation stations
The first step in the analysis was to convert observation points to observation stations. The data in
the NWIS database occur in different combinations of parameters measured. The following
assumptions (Table 2-1) address all the possible combinations. These assumptions were used to
convert the data from observation points to observation stations. This yielded 27,760 observation
stations for ground water and 13,930 observation stations for surface water.
Table 2-1. Assumptions for Conversion from Observation Points to Stations
;6^rvatlatt
Single observation
Single observation
Single observation
Vrtm '
Detect
Non-Detect
Missing
A<#i«»" - " ?' \ .
Count a$-
Detect
Non-Detect
Missing
Homogeneous Measurements
Multiple Observations
Multiple Observations
Multiple Observations
All values detect
All values non-detect
All values missing
Computes Average
Detect
Non-Detect
Missing
Mixed Measurements
Multiple Observations
Multiple Observations
Multiple Observations
Multiple Observations
Detect & Missing
Non-detect & Missing
Detects & Non-detects
Detect, Non-Detect, &
Missing
Average of detects
'/2 of Reporting Limit of
Non-detects
Average of detects and
non-detects
'/2 of Reporting Limit of
Non-detects
Average of detects and
non-detects
Detect
Non-detect
Detect
Detect
September 30, 1999
2-2
Final Report
-------
2. Methodology
2.1.2.2 Sample Size
The sample size determination is often based on best professional judgement. The subj ective answer
will be based on an objective approach, dependent on a number of factors, including the desired
statistical power and level of confidence in the final decision and the variability of the environmental
attribute of interest (US EPA 1999). The selection of a sample size is influenced by a number of
factors, including the purpose of the study, population size, the risk of selecting a "bad sample", and
the allowable sampling error.
Correlation is one of the principal forms of analysis to investigate co-occurrence of the constituents.
It is important to detect a correlation that is considered to be a significant indicator of co-occurrence.
Two types of errors must be considered when conducting a statistical test to examine co-occurrence,
Type I (false positive) and Type II (false negative), with probabilities a and /? respectively. Type
I errors lead to mis-identifying co-occurrence when it does not exist. Type II errors lead to mis-
identifying no co-occurrence when it does exist. The probability of Type I error, a, is specified by
the investigator. However, the probability that a significant result will be obtained if a real difference
exists (i.e. the power of the test, 1- /?) depends largely on the total sample size.
In other words, the power of a test refers to its ability to detect what we are looking for, i.e., the co-
occurrence of two constituents. The definition of statistical power is 1 - /?, i.e., the probability of
correctly rejecting the null hypothesis (correctly identifying a correlation). To calculate the largest
possible sample size necessary, we use a test value of 50% which produces the largest possible
variance. This is also known as the "most pessimistic variance assumption".
Given the test of Ho: p=0 versus Ha: p= p,, the sample size required to ensure a power = 1- J3 with
Type I error = a can be computed by solving the following equation (Lachin, 1981):
[(N-3)°5] * C(Pl) = Z a + Z p
where C(p ,) = >/2 loge[(l+ P,)/(l- p,)]
Z a =1.645 if a is equal to 0.05 (i.e. at 95% confidence interval)
Z3 =1.645 if power is 0.95
N = Sample Size
Using this formula, the required sample size (N) can be computed with the p, value, Type I error and
pre-defined power.
If it is desired to ensure a 95% chance of detecting (power =0.95) a moderate correlation (p, =0.5)
with the 95% confidence interval ( a = 0.05), the sample size required is 39.
September 30, 1999 23Final Report
-------
2. Methodology
2.2 Analysis
2.2.1 Statistical Analysis for Observation Points (Previous Work)
There are approximately 500,000 data points in the NWIS database for primary and secondary
constituents. This includes multiple entries for the same station. As discussed below three sets of
analyses were performed for all primary and secondary constituents. The results for the observation
points are documented in the May 1999 report to the EPA (SAIC May, 1999).
• Single constituent count: As per EPA's technical direction, single constituent counts were
performed for all primary and secondary constituents. Threshold values used for these
constituents are listed in Table 1-1 and 1 -2. This analysis was performed as a screening level
approach to determine the abundance and distribution of constituents prior to performing co-
occurrence counts as described below. It gives information about the data available above
or below a threshold level for that constituent. Examination of this data provides an initial
screening technique to reduce the number of co-occurrence tables to be generated later.
• Scatter Plot: Scatter plots were generated for each constituent. These plots were generated
to discern whether there is any pronounced relationship, and if so, whether the relationship
is linear. These plots were delivered previously at the March 24, 1999 project meeting.
• Calculation of Correlation Coefficient and P-value: Pearson Correlation Coefficients and
associated P-values for combinations of primary and secondary constituents were calculated.
These analyses were done separately for ground water and surface water on both a national
and regional level.
• Co-occurrence frequency counts: Co-occurrence counts of the primary constituents with
other selected constituents were performed as per EPA's technical direction. This analysis
was performed to see how much data lies above or below a particular range of values for the
selected constituents. The ranges of values used for arsenic are shown in Table 2-3.
In addition, a set of co-occurrence counts was created separately for ground and surface water, for
the following sets of constituent pairs using the threshold values indicated above;
• SO4 - Uranium, Radium, Radon, Nitrate, Iron, Manganese, Hardness, Total Dissolved Solids
(TDS), Nitrite.
• Uranium - Radium, Radon, Nitrate, Iron, Manganese, Hardness, TDS, Nitrite.
• Radium - Radon, Nitrate, Iron, Manganese, Hardness, TDS, Nitrite.
• Radon - Nitrate, Iron, Manganese, Hardness, TDS, Nitrite
September 30, 1999 2-5 Final Report
-------
2. Methodology
Table 2-2: Parameters and threshold intervals used in the co-occurrence frequency tables
Arseaie Ttere&botef Levels
ND,D-2,2-5,5-10, 10-20,
>20 ug/L
Coastitaeat
Sulfate
Uranium
Radium-226
Radon
Nitrate
Iron
Manganese
Hardness
T.S.
Nitrite
Antimony
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Cyanide
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Thallium
CoHstitH«atTbresfe»W Lev«is
ND, -25, 25-120, 120-250, 250-500, >500 MG/1)
ND, D-5, 5-20, 20-50, 50-60, >60 Pci/1
ND, D-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, >5 Pci/1
ND, D-100, 100-300, 300-1000, 1000-3000, >3000 Pci/1
ND, D-5, 5-8, 8-10, >10 MG/1
ND, D-.3, .3-1.5, 1.5-2.5, >2.5 MG/1
ND, D-20, 20-50, >50 ug/I
ND, D-300, >300 MG/1
ND, D-500, >500 MG/1
ND, D-1,>1 MG/1
ND, D-.006, >.006 MG/1
ND, D-2, >2 MG/1
ND, D-.004, >.004 MG/1
ND, D-.005, >.005 MG/1
ND, D-.1,>.1 MG/1
ND, D-.2, >.2 MG/1
ND, D-.002, >.002 MG/1
ND, D-.05, >.05 MG/1
ND, D-.05, >.05 MG/1
ND, D-.002, >.002 MG/1
Note: ND = non-detect (value below detection level),
D = detect (value above detection level)
September 30, 1999
2-6
Final Report
-------
2. Methodology
An analysis flow chart, as shown below (see Figure 2-2), was developed to ultimately determine
systems impacted by different threshold values. Data are filtered through each step, and in the end
gives number of drinking water systems impacted by a threshold value. In step 1, constituent co-
occurrence is filtered based on significant correlation coefficients. If a constituent pair passes
through this filter, then a co-occurrence frequency table is generated. These frequency tables show
the percentage of observations in various threshold categories. These tables were delivered in the
SAICMay 1999 report.
Figure 2-2. Co-occurrence Analysis Flow Chart
Step 2
S*KK5« «hr*»f*cw» level. wf»nter«»t
observation
xtation* associated with
*»lwct»d threshold value*
2.2.2 Frequency Counts for Observation Stations
There are 27,760 observation stations for ground water and 13,930 stations for surface water in the
NWIS database. This current report focuses on two types of analysis;
• Single constituent counts
• Pairwise constituent counts
September 30, 1999 2-7 Final Report
-------
2. Methodology
Three types of analysis were performed on the observation stations.
2.2.2.1 Histograms
Histograms were generated to see the distribution of contaminants in stations for different
percentages. Histograms were created to see a distribution of detect stations for 10%, 25%, 50%,
75%, 90%, and >90% intervals. In other words, what is the concentration of constituents for 0-10%
of the detect stations. This gives a complete distribution of concentration of contaminants for
various station percentages.
2.2.2.2 Sample Size Determination
Using the methodology discussed in the section 2.1.2.2, a minimum sample size of 39 was used for
the analysis. This sample size was used for data reduction as discussed in the sub-section 2.2.2.3.
Any co-occurring pair with sample size <39 was not considered for further analysis.
2.2.2.3 Data Reduction
Data reduction is necessary to focus on those constituents which have a proper sample size. Further
analysis for these constituents may yield meaningful results. Data in the analysis were reduced by
the following three factors;
• If the number of stations in the single constituent count is zero then do not use these
constituents for further analysis.
• In co-occurring pairs, if all the stations are below the minimum threshold values of the
constituents or the station count is zero, then do not use these constituents for further
analysis.
• If the co-occurring constituent pair has a station count less than 3 9 stations, then do not use
those constituents for further analysis.
September 30, 1999 2-8 ~ " 7^-—77,
r > ° Final Report
-------
2. Methodology
2.3 Literature Search
An automated literature search was performed using the DIALOG database search engine. The
databases searched are listed in table 2-3.
Table 2-3. Databases Used for Literature Search
Databases
Ei Compendex(R)
CAB Abstracts
BIOSIS PREVIEWS(R)
Water Resour.Abs.
WATERNET(TM)
Wilson Appl. Sci & Tech
AG RICO LA
Toxline(R)
EMBASE
Enviroline(R)
Pollution Abs
Energy SciTec
NTIS
GEOBASE(TM)
Pascal
Period of Analysis
1970-1998/MW2
1972-1998/May
1969-1998/JUN W2
1967-1998/Apr
1971-1998Q2
1983-1998/May
1970-1998/May
1965-1998/Apr
1974-1998/Jun Wl
1975-1998/May
1970-1998/May
1974-1998/MayB2
64-1998/Jul Wl
1980-1998/Apr
1973-1998/May
Copyright and Publisher
© 1998 Engineering Info. Inc
© 1998 CAB International
©1998 BIOSIS
© 1998 Cambridge Scientific Abs.
© 1998 American Water Works Association
Abs© 1998 The HW Wilson Co.
©format only 1998 The Dialog Corp.
©format only 1998 The Dialog Corp.
© 1998 Elsevier Science B. V.
© 1998 Congressional Information Service
© 1998 Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
© 1998 Contains copyrighted material
Comp&distr 1998 NTIS, Intl Copyright All Right
© 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd.
© 1998 INIST/CNRS
The key words used in the literature search are shown in the table 2-4. The numbers shown to the
left of the keyword are the number of hits associated with the keyword combination. A list of titles
was generated and scanned for potentially relevant articles. Abstracts were obtained for these
articles. These abstracts were filtered for relevance and full articles were obtained for each pertinent
document. Each of these articles were reviewed. Information was extracted into a MS Access
database. A hardcopy of this database was previously delivered to the EPA (SAIC 1998 Report)
September 30, 1999
2-9
Final Report
-------
2. Methodology
Table 2-4. Key Words and Number of Hits Found in Database Literature Search
/ ' f f ff
;j5«ai$li#',
SI
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S8
S9
S10
Sll
S12
S13
S14
S15
S16
S17
S18
S19
S20
S21
S22
S23
S24
S25
'mm$&'4$$&'t'
13291
286
25
11
6
12
39
43
21
1437
17
123
2
8
1
29
2
37
13
123
18
43
*^
j
1
- -J '« ^.. ^lajr^w^ . "( 'vx , ' ft '««/**"<
CO(1W)OCCUR? OR COOCCUR
SI AND (CONTAMINANT OR POLLUTANT)
SI AND (DRINKING OR POTABLE)(2N)WATER
SI AND ANTIMONY
SI AND ASBESTOS
SI AND BARIUM
SI AND CADMIUM
SI AND CHROMIUM
SI AND MERCURY
SI AND NICKEL
SI AND NITRITE
SI AND NITRATE
SI AND RADIUM
SI AND SELENIUM
SI AND THALLIUM
SI AND CYANIDE
SI AND RADON
SI AND ARSENIC
SI AND RADIONUCLIDE
S1ANDSULFATE
SI AND URANIUM
SI AND MICROBES
SI AND CRYPTOSPORIDIUM
SI AND BERYLLIUM
September 30, 1999
Final Report
-------
3. Results
3. RESULTS
This section presents the statistical results for the co-occurrence of the primary and secondary
constituents. The discussion includes the results based on observation points and the stations. The
detailed results for the observation points covering a total of 22 constituents (7 primary and 15
secondary) were discussed in the May 21 report submitted to the EPA. Each constituent was
analyzed at one or more threshold levels. The SAIC May 1999 report contained results for the
following analyses;
• Single occurrence frequency counts for observation stations
• Co-occurrence frequency counts for observation stations
• Co-occurrence frequency counts for observation stations
• Constituent occurrence with depth
• Correlation coefficient calculations for observation points
National Level
• Overall correlation coefficient results for ground water and surface water
• Overall correlation coefficient results for ground water and surface water at different
threshold values
• Statistically significant correlation coefficient results for ground water and surface water
Regional Level
• Overall correlation coefficient results for ground water and surface water
• Overall correlation coefficient results for ground water and surface water at different
threshold values
• Statistically significant correlation coefficient results for ground water and surface water
3.1 Observation Stations
This section covers results not previously documented in past reports. It covers analyses related to
observation stations. A key point about each observation station is there is variability in the number
of parameters and values associated with each station. Some stations have single values and others
have more than one value. To be consistent, all the stations should have some uniformity. To achieve
this, multiple observations were reduced to single observations. This reduction methodolgy and
assumptions were explained in sub-section 2.2.1. Two types of analysis, single constituent counts
and co-occurring pair counts were performed for the observation station data. The main objective
of this analysis was to see:
• Which constituents co-occur together and what is there spatial distribution?
• Is the sample size of the co-occurring pair large enough for statistical tests?
September 30, 1999 3-1 Find Report
-------
3. Results
3.1.1 Single Constituent Counts:
Single constituent counts were performed to yield a first look at the data and also tell us which
constituents should be considered for pair-wise analysis. It reveals the sample size of the constituents
and whether it is large enough to warrant further analysis. Table 3-1 and 3-2 describe the single count
results. Table 3-1 lists results for ground water and Table 3-2 for surface water. Each table gives the
number of detect, non-detect, and missing stations for a particular constituent. There are a total of
27,760 stations for ground water and 13,930 stations for surface water. The largest number of detect
stations are for sulfate for both ground water (15,214) and surface water (6,823). The largest number
of non-detect stations are for nitrite-N dissolved for ground water (10,740) and for dissolved
cadmium for surface water (1,897). The constituents with zero detect stations were not used for
further analysis in the pairwise counts.
Table 3-1 and 3-2 also gives the concentrations of constituents for different percentages of detect
stations only. The percentage distribution ranges are 0-10%, 10-25%, 25-50%, 50-75%, 75-90%, and
90-100% of the detect stations. These percentages show how many constituents have stations below
a particular threshold or how many stations are in a quartile. This distribution also shows the
constituents with all the detect stations below a minimum threshold value. This is part of the
screening criteria for further statistical analysis.
There were a total of 51 constituents (primary and secondary) in ground water and surface water.
Out of these 51 constituents, 9 constituents in ground water and 11 constituents in surface water have
no detect stations. In other words there is no data. As shown in Table 3-1 and 3-2, these constituents
with zero detect stations were in suspended mode (e.g. suspended arsenic). There were 4 constituents
in ground water and 9 constituents in surface water where all the stations were below the minimum
threshold value even though data was present as detected values for these constituents. It was
observed that all the stations had maximum concentration of the constituent lower than the minimum
threshold value. The threshold values are given in Table 1-1 and Table 1-2. Table 3-3 summarizes
the results from these initial observations of the data in table 3-1 and 3-2.
Table 3-3: Summary Table for Single Counts
Caasta •;-' , . 1
Total Constituents
Constituents with zero detect
stations
Constituents with all stations below the
minimum threshold value
Remaining Constituents
<* r e ti a d
..Water |
51
9
4
38
S u
Wa
rftf*a
ter "
51
11
9
31
September 30, 1999
3-2
Final Report
-------
3. Results
Table 3-1: Single Station Counts for Groundwater
^r~ ^
Code
00613
00615
00618
00720
00723
00945
01000
01001
01002
01005
01006
01007
01010
01012
01025
01026
01027
01030
01031
01032
01034
01044
01045
01046
iS^^wd^^
Name
Nitrite-N Diss, mg/l as N
Nitrite-N Total, mg/l as N
Nitrate mg/l
Total Cyanide, mg/l
Diss. Cyanide, mg/I
Diss. Sulfate, mg/l
Diss. Arsenic, ug/l
Susp. Arsenic, ug/l
Total, Arsenic, ug/l
Dissol. Barium, ug/l
Susp Barium, ug/l
Total Barium, ug/l
Diss Beryllium, ug/l
Total Beryllium, ug/l
Diss Cadmium, ug/l
Susp Cadmium, ug/l
Total Cadmium, ug/l
Diss chromium, ug/l
Susp chromium, ug/l
Hexval chromium, ug/l
Total chromium, ug/l
Susp Iron ug/l
Total Iron, ug/l
Diss Iron, ug/l
^^^^f "v : ^iC^l^fe'-rr ^'F?
Qo/o-10%
.0006-.006
.001 -.0057
.001 -.08
.001 -.001
0-0
0-2.4
.525-1
-
.531-1
1-7.55
100
0-0
.1-.342
.346-.36
.066-.562
-
0-.6
.571-1
-
.562-1
.75-1
140
0-22.5
0-4
10%-25%
.006-.01
.0057-.0075
.08-.4
.001 -.0075
0-.001
2.4-8.13
1-2
-
1-2
7.55-19
-
0-0
.342-.S
.36-.S
.562-.S75
-
.6-1
1-1.7
-
1-1.8
1-2
-
22.5-80
4-8
25%-50%
.01-.012
.0075-.01
.4-1.65
.0075-.0075
.001-.113
8.13-26
2-4
-
2-3
19-42
-
0-100
.5-.7
.5-.66
.875-1.1
-
1-2
1.7-3
-
1.8-3.58
2-4
-
80-560
8-29
50%-75%
.012-.022
.01 -.02
1.65-5.14
.0075-.0125
.113-3.4
26-87.5
4-10
-
3-16
42-91
-
100-200
.7-1.1
.66-1
1.1-2.58
-
2-9.75
3-5.1
-
3.58-8.71
4-10.08
-
560-4006.6
29-370
75%-90%
.02-.06
.02-.043
5.14-12.55
.0125-.021
3.4-31
87.5-310
10-25
-
16-51
91-193
-
200-400
1.1-3.5
1-2.4
2.58-7.15
-
9.75-30
5.1-9.5
-
8.71-18
10.08-43.78
-
4006.6-
19000
370-2600
90%- 100%
.06-5.4
.043-.26
12.55-1600
.021 -.03
31-280
310-37000
25-3800
-
51-1400
193-10000
-
400-10000
3.5-388
2.4-9.6
7.15-5675
-
30-80
9.5-27300
-
18-234.57
43.78-420
1100
19000-
910000
2600-
2040000
S^^t?
Detects
3307
101
3392
22
31
15214
4028
0
329
5478
1
377
279
36
569
0
70
2428
0
167
328
2
1184
10399
Non-
detects
10740
351
91
287
1144
443
3095
0
442
381
1
212
4086
313
5816
0
612
3991
0
208
351
0
112
3810
\V:,'-
Missing
13713
27308
24277
27451
26585
12103
20637
27760
26989
21901
27758
27171
23395
27411
21373
27760
27078
21341
27760
27385
27081
27758
26464
13551
'S§n
Values
1
1
8
0.2
0.2
25
2
2
2
2000
2000
2000
4
4
5
5
5
100
100
100
100
300
300
300
September 30, 1999
Final Report
-------
3. Results
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01066
01067
01095
01097
01145
01146
01147
04106
04107
09507
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71895
71900
76001
76002
82303
Ferrous Iron, ug/l
Susp Manganese, ug/l
Total manganese, ug/l
Diss manganese, ug/l
Diss Thallium, ug/l
Total Thallium, ug/l
Diss Nickel, ug/l
Susp Nickel, ug/l
Total Nickel, ug/l
Diss Antimony, ug/l
Total Antimony, ug/I
Diss Selenium, ug/l
Susp Selenium, ug/l
Total Selenium, ug/l
Radium-228 rjci/g
Radium-226 pci/g
Radium-226, total, pci/l
Radium-226, diss, pci/l
Radium-226, diss, pci/l
U-238, diss, pci/I
U-235, diss, pci/I
Hg, diss, ug/l
Hg, susp, ug/l
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/l
Radium-226, diss, pci/l
Radon-222, pci/l
Radon-222, total, pci/l
O-.l
1.33
0-10
.14-2
1.1-1.2
.83-1
.56-1
0
.62S-.93
.625-1
.S6-.625
0-1
0
.S3-.678
0
0
0
.l-.l
.06-.08
.1-.33
.1-.2
0-.05
0
.01-.075
.003-.03
7-18
7-150
.1-20
-
10-30
2-6
1.2-1.5
1
1-2
0
.93-2
1-1
.625-.7S
1-1
0
.678-1
0
0
0
.1-.2
.08-. 17
.33-1
.2:3
.05-.!
0
.075-. 1
.03-.053
18-21
150-277
20-810
1.66
30-110
6-36.66
1.5-7.875
1
2-3
0
2-6
1-2
.75-1
1-2
0
1-2
0
0
0
.2-.9
.17-.52
1-7.5
.3-.6
.l-.l
0
.1-.154
.053-. 105
21-27
277-500
810-2600
.
110-500
36.66-200
7.875-11
1
3-7
0
6-23.33
2-3
1-2
2-5
0
2-3
0
0
0
.9-2.2
.52-2
7.5-20
.6-1.3
.1-.2
0
.154-.75
.105-.34
27-37
500-978
2600-66500
-
500-1900
200-758
11-14.01
2
7-20
0
23.33-82
3-6
2-18.1
5-18.8
0
3-6
0
0
0
2.2-6.2
2-3.9
20-160
1.3-40
.2-.6
0
.75-1.3
.34-.64
37-50
978-2100
66500-
500212
55
1900-
160000
758-
1065000
14.01-18
2
20-23800
0
82-590
6-198
18.1-94
18.8-27000
0
6-31
0
0
0
6.2-31
3.9-14
160-
75333.3
40-587.4
.6-5.5
0
1.3-3.4
.64-6.14
50-250
2100-82082
140
3
919
9833
20
8
1927
0
160
87
35
1309
0
122
0
0
0
45
118
97
63
233
0
78
215
4506
4519
10
1
294
4222
535
186
2595
0
213
2528
204
4249
0
420
0
0
0
54
2
12
46
1806
0
445
2
2
69
27610
27756
26547
13705
27205
27566
23238
27760
27387
25145
27521
22202
27760
27218
27660
27660
27660
27661
27640
27651
27651
25721
27760
27237
27543
23252
23172
300
50
50
50
2
2
100
100
100
6
6
50
50
50
3
3
3
3
3
5
5
2
2
2
3
100
100
September 30, 1999
3-4
Final Report
-------
3. Results
Table 3-2: Single Station Counts for Surface water
^ ;" p|rj®^ ;,, •.->
-.•><-fv^ "§y...^-S °" •^v' "•*•• ' •.
.3-5.V V-.V5 v '
Code
00613
00615
00618
00720
00723
00945
01000
01001
01002
01005
01006
01007
01010
01012
01025
01026
01027
01030
01031
01032
01034
01044
01045
01046
Name
Nitrite-N Diss, mg/1 as N
Nitrite-N Total, mg/1 as N
Nitrate mg/1
Total Cyanide, mg/1
Diss. Cyanide, mg/1
Diss. Sulfate, mg/1
Diss. Arsenic, ug/1
Susp. Arsenic, ug/l
Total, Arsenic, ug/l
Diss. Barium, ug/l
Susp Barium, ug/l
Total Barium, ug/l
Diss Beryllium, ug/l
Total Beryllium, ug/l
Diss Cadmium, ug/l
Susp Cadmium, ug/l
Total Cadmium, ug/l
Diss chromium, ug/l
Susp chromium, ug/l
Hexval chromium, ug/l
Total chromium, ug/l
Susp Iron ug/l
Total Iron, ug/l
Diss Iron, ug/l
V* / ^ - - Bi&ri&tftimiPlr^tt&gfr " ' '- ,
« - ^ ^v. ^ - - ' "* ,-v „" ., "%
0%-10%
.0007-.006
.0007-.006
.001 -.071
.0006-.001
.01 -.01
.009-3.45
.51-.83
-
.52-.71
1-13
-
0-0
.26-.295
J7-.5
.022-. 15
-
0-.5
.22-.6
-
.51 -.52
.52-.7S
-
0-110
.1-6.8
10%-25%
.006-.008
.006-.OOI
.071 -.21
.001 -.003 8
.01-3.5
3.45-8.18
.83-1.25
-
.71-1.
13-23.5
-
0-42.6
.295-386
.5:52
.I5-.537
-
.5-.5S
.6-.81
-
.52-.S4
.75-1.31
-
110-313.33
6.8-17
25%-50%
.008-.0137
.001 -.01 7
.21 -.63
.0038-.0055
53.5-7
8.18-28
1.25-2.75
-
1.-2.08
23.5-41
-
42.6-74.2
.3S6-.55
.S2-.56
.537-.7S
-
.58-1
.81-1.49
-
.S4-.57
1.31-3
-
313.33-823
17-45.625
50%-75%
.0137-.03
.017-.03
.63-2.01
.0055-.007
7-10.5
28-120
2.75-6
-
2.08-4.5
41-66
-
74.2-100
.55-.S
.56-.701
.75-1.61
-
1-1.75
1.49-2.67
-
.S7-.66
3-5.2
-
822.9-2445
45.625-158
75%-90%
.03-.063
.03-.07
2.01-5.05
.007-.01
10.5-12.6
120-520
6-21
-
4.5-11
66-99
-
100-200
.8-3.46
.701-1.01
1.61-4
-
1.75-4.47
2.67-4
-
.66-.6S
5.2-12
-
2445-9300
158-750
90%- 100%
.063-2.48
.07-8.73
5.05-365
.01-1.204
12.6-35
520-64000
21-32000
-
1 1-256.5
99-475
-
200-3000
3.46-176
1.01-55.71
4-2000
-
4.47-80
4-325.2
-
.68-.8S
12-240
-
9300-
2750000
750-
2480000
,,- $ra*&a €#tt»«S
Detects
4187
1406
4070
155
14
6823
1314
0
944
2183
0
482
251
187
563
0
407
760
0
18
1009
0
1963
5001
Non-
detects
1696
395
45
360
57
14
566
0
400
36
0
176
1349
699
1897
0
1359
1498
0
30
550
0
7
419
Missing
8047
12129
9815
13415
13859
7093
12050
13930
12586
11711
13930
13272
12330
13044
11470
13930
12164
11672
13930
13882
12371
13930
11960
8510
fir^
bt8$$" <
Values
1
1
8
0.2
0.2
25
2
2
2
2000
2000
2000
4
4
5
5
5
100
100
100
100
300
300
300
September 30, 1999
Final Report
-------
3. Results
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01066
01067
01095
01097
01145
01146
01147
04106
04107
09507
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71895
71900
76001
76002
82303
Ferrous Iron, ug/l
Susp Manganese, ug/l
Total manganese, ug/l
Diss manganese, ug/l
Diss Thallium, ug/l
Total Thallium, ug/l
Diss Nickel, ug/l
Susp Nickel, ug/l
Total Nickel, ug/l
Diss Antimony, ug/l
Total Antimony, ug/l
Diss Selenium, ug/l
Susp Selenium, ug/l
Total Selenium, ug/l
Radium-228 pci/g
Radium-226 pci/g
Radium-226, total, pci/l
Radium-226, diss, pci/l
Radium-226, diss, pci/l
U-238, diss, pci/l
U-235, diss, pci/l
Hg, diss, ug/l
Hg, susp, ug/l
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/l
Radium-226, diss, pci/l
Radon-222, pci/l
Radon-222, total, pci/l
0-130
1.25
0-20.5
.048-3
.39
.S4-.58
.53-.6S7
-
.54-.S3
.22-.64
.2S-.5
0-.625
-
.3-.6
-
-
-
.1
.01 -.03
.12-. 1 7
.1
0-.056
-
.025-.052
.005-.01
15.6-18
36.5-64.5
130-290
-
20.5-54.58
3-8.1
-
.S8-.75
.687-1.035
-
.83-1.75
.64-1
.5-.7S
.625-.S75
-
.6-.7S
-
-
-
-
.03-.045
.I7-.6
.2
.056-.062
-.
.052-.06
.01-.014
18-21
64.5-152
290-990
-
54.58-150
8.1-26
-
.75-1
1.035-2.1
-
1.75-4
1-2
.75-1
.875-2
-
.78-1.625
-
-
-
-
.045-.072
.6-1.1
.2 '
.062-.075
-
.06-.075
.014-.02
21-31
152-271
990-10000
-
150-565
26-103.5
-
1-1
2.1-5.52
-
4-10.3
2-4
1-2
2-5.33
-
1.625-4.5
-
-
-
-
.072-. 12
1.1-3.7
.2
.075-. 112
-
.075-. 1
..02-.03
31-37
271-420
10000-
49300
-
565-3527
103.5-485.4
-
1-1.33
5.52-12
-
10.3-18.5
4-8
2-3.3
5.33-22
-
4.5-21
-
-
-
-
.12-.2
3.7-5
.5
.112-.2
-
.1-.2
.03-.049
37-55.5
420-679.5
49300-
2280000
1.75
3527-
160000
485.4-
151000
.4
1.33-1.5
12-
12560.9
-
18.5-790
8-281
3.3-12
22-2833.3
-
21-5800
-
-
-
.11
.2-2.3
5-12
.6
.2-25.02
-
.2-6.65
.049-.375
55.5-330 ,
679.5-
3300
125
2
1805
5052
2
29
1148
0
1021
121
114
907
0
330
0
0
0
2
129
17
6
378
0
477
133
65
64
2
0
39
296
75
254
959
0
274
753
157
1426
0
903
0
0
0
6
2
4
15
764
0
785
2
0
1
13803
13928
12086
8582
13853
13647
11823
13930
12635
13056
13659
11597
13930
12697
13930
13930
13930
13922
13799
13909
13909
12788
13930
12668
13795
13865
13865
300
50
50
50
2
2
100
100
100
6
6
50
50
50
3
3
3
3
5
5
2
2
2
3
100
100
September 30, 1999
J-6
Final Report
-------
3. Results
3.1.2 Co-occurring Pairwise Counts
For the co-occurring pair counts only those constituents that had non zero detect stations in the single
constituent counts were used. Appendix A (ground water) and B (surface water) show the
distribution of co-occurring pairs counts. Co-occurrence counts show the amount of data available
for statistical analyses. At this point, it does not mean that there is a significant statistical co-
occurrence. Both the appendices have three columns;
• Column 1 (Co-occurring pairs): This column lists the number of stations where two
constituents co-occur.
• Column 2 (Pairs above the threshold values): This column lists the number of stations where
both the constituents are above the threshold value. The threshold values are given in table
1 and 2. Only non-zero station counts are listed.
• Column 3 (Pairs above count): This column lists the pairs with station count greater than
39.The selection of 39 as sample size is described in the section 2.1.2.2.
Appendices A and B shows that sulfate occurs most frequently with other constituents. Sulfate co-
occurs with 13 constituents in ground water and 13 constituents in surface water. On a percentage
basis, for ground water, sulfate occurs most frequently with ferrous iron (54.72%) and Uranium-235
(50.47%). On a percentage basis, for surface water, sulfate occurs most frequently with ferrous iron
(74.01%) and total manganese (54.28%) The table 3-4 summarizes the results from Appendices A
andB.
Table 3-4: Summary Table for Co-occurrence Counts
,f' ' \,,"', ' •'•-•.' ' ,-'
Fairs- -"- - •• '?*' *
>> ™, ' -/'" ;*& <-"' ' -;
"-',* \* ' ,;'''' ", -' < ..A
i. %• t' 'f ''• ' ' -.'/ ' ' "
Total Co-occurring Pairs
Pairs with zero detect stations
Pairs with zero stations above
threshold value
Pairs with station count <39
Remaining Co-occurring Pairs
, {yt^uatil -
.Witer' ',
862
232
353
233
44
; Surface ; ' ;' ..
4WaW -,"/,
1 r" f
. , •"
780
164
435
155
26
September 30, 1999
3-7
Final Report
-------
3. Results
Table 3-5: Percentage of Detect Co-occurring Constituents (Ground Water)
Cottstitaettt X
P006 18 Nitrate
P00945 Diss. Sulfate
P01000 Diss. Arsenic
PO 1002 Total Arsenic
P01025 Diss. Cadmium
P01045 Total Iron
PO 1046 Diss. Iron
PO 1047 Ferrous Iron
P01055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
P22620 Diss. U-235
P76002 Radon -222 Diss
£$wa*til»sfttY
P00945 Diss. Sulfate
PO 1000 Diss. Arsenic
P01056 Diss. Manganese
P82303 Total Radon-222
PO 1000 Diss. Arsenic
PO 1002 Total Arsenic
P01025 Diss. Cadmium
P01045 Total Iron
PO 1046 Diss. Iron
PO 1047 Ferrous Iron
P01055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
PO 1065 Diss. Nickel
PO 11 45 Diss Selenium
P22620 Diss. U-235
P82303 Total Radon-222
PO 1002 Total Arsenic
PO 1046 Diss. Iron
P01056 Diss Manganese
P82303 Total Radon-222
P01045 Total Iron
PO 1046 Diss. Iron
P01055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
PO 1046 Diss. Iron
P01056 Diss. Manganese
P01 046 Diss. Iron (300)
PO 1047 Ferrous Iron
P01055 Total Manganese
PO 1056 Diss. Manganese
P82303 Total Radon-222
P01047 Ferrous iron
P01055 Total Manganese
PO 1056 Diss. Manganese
PO 1065 Diss Nickel
P82303 Total Radon-222
P01056 Diss. Manganese
PO 1065 Diss Nickel
P01056 Diss. Manganese
P82303 Total Radon-222
PO 1065 Diss Nickel
P82303 Total Radon-222
P82303 Total Radon-222
P82303 Total Radon-222
&*tf$teft»!iwd
Stations '
2859
1353
2449
615
6818
469
6104
1020
13522
148
941
13352
4249
5348
105
4085
184
6812
6879
2578
541
269
543
330
6131
6245
682
109
1182
724
168
148
656
13907
4348
4045
90
148
709
187
4441
4047
87
4507
#«T Defect
Stations
301
69
133
113
2004
77
72
282
1299
81
249
2280
67
50
53
1764
56
453
854
1013
107
57
99
67
50
63
223
78
488
216
52
86
181
2082
52
533
60
70
261
49
64
854
46
44
jp$r«*8t*g* of
Detect Stations
10.5
5.09
5.43
18.37
29.39
16.41
1.17
27.64
9.60
54.72
26.46
17.07
1.57
0.93
50.47
43.18
30.43
6.65
12.41
39.29
19.77
21.18
18.23
20.30
0.81
1.00
32.69
71.55
41.28
29.83
30.95
58.18
27.59
14.97
1.19
13.17
66.67
47.29
36.81
26.20
1.44
21.10
52.87
097
September 30, 1999
3-8
Final Report
-------
3. Results
Table 3-6: Percentage of Detect Co-occurring Constituents (Surface Water)
Cose^&tE ' ;
v •• % ,
P006 18 Nitrate
P00945 Diss Sulfate
PO 1 000 Diss. Arsenic
PO 1002 Total Arsenic
PO 1045 Total Iron
PO 1046 Diss. Iron
PO 1047 Ferrous Iron
P01055 Total Manganese
Coa$$*ft$tt%f - - -I,-, '
' -'$•?,*" - "'":''
P00945 Diss Sulfate
PO 1000 Diss. Arsenic
PO 1002 Total Arsenic
PO 1025 Diss Cadmium
P01045 Total Iron
P01046 Diss. Iron
P01047 Ferrous Iron
P01055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
PO 1002 Total Arsenic
PO 1045 Total Iron
P01055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
P01045 Total Iron
P01055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
P01046 Diss. Iron
PO 1047 Ferrous Iron
P01055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
PO 1047 Ferrous Iron
P01055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
P01055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
b&Wwm&k
&te*}®R$ *
3114
1702
1173
2195
1700
5139
127
1612
5046
498
450
412
1590
982
896
754
1504
115
1802
1493
127
1458
5255
118
127
1459
$0tUt*&*^
66
624
342
39
845
401
94
875
1179
195
106
101
248
304
256
118
399
88
1216
705
94
378
659
89
94
799
i?*K$tttftg$«|,,
Detect Stattons
2.11
36.66
29.15
1.77
49.70
7.80
74.01
54.28
23.36
39.15
23.55
24.51
15.59
30.95
28.57
15.64
26.52
76.52
67.48
47.22
74.01
25.92
12.54
75.42
74.01
54.76
As shown in Table 3-4, out of 862 co-occurring pairs for ground water only 44 pairs co-occur above
threshold levels and with station counts above the statistically acceptable level. For surface water,
out of 780 pairs only 26 pairs meet this criteria. These pairs were selected based only on the number
of detect stations.
Percentage detect stations with respect to measured stations is given in table 3-5 (ground water) and
3-6 (surface water). For ground water, the maximum detect percentage is for total iron and ferrous
iron (71.55%) and minimum percentage is for sulfate and dissolved selenium (1%). There are only
six constituent pairs (dissolved sulfate and ferrous iron, dissolved sulfate and dissolved U-235, total
iron and ferrous iron, dissolved iron and ferrous iron, ferrous iron and dissolved manganese, and
dissolved U-235 and total radon-222) that have detect percentage above 50%. Similarly, for surface
water, the maximum detect percentage is for total iron and ferrous iron (76.52%) and the minimum
is for sulfate and dissolved cadmium (1.77%). There are only seven constituent pairs (dissolved
September 30, 1999
3-9
Final Report
-------
3. Results
sulfate and ferrous iron, dissolved sulfate and total manganese, total iron and ferrous iron, total iron
and total manganese, dissolved iron and ferrous iron, ferrous iron and total manganese, ferrous iron
and dissolved manganese) having detect percentage above 50%.
3.1.3 Distribution of Constituents:
Table 3-7 (ground water) and 3-8 (surface water) summarize the distribution of the constituent pairs
on a county basis. Only the selected co-occurring pairs, based on the data reduction steps applied,
(shown in Table 3-5 and 3-6) were used for the county distribution analysis. These tables show the
number of counties where both the co-occurring pairs are above minimum threshold. From a spatial
perspective and where both constituents occur above their respective threshold levels, manganese
and iron is the most wide spread co-occurring pair. This pair occurs in 537 counties in ground water
and 308 counties in surface water. This distribution is the first step in understanding the linkage of
data with the public water systems.
Table 3-9 (ground water) and 3-10 (surface water) show measured, detect, and percentage detect of
co-occurring pairs on a county basis. When computing percentages on a county basis, the detect
percentage is very high for both ground water and surface water. For ground water, there are only
four (dissolved sulfate and dissolved cadmium, dissolved sulfate and dissolved selenium, dissolved
cadmium and dissolved iron, and dissolved cadmium and dissolved manganese) co-occurring
constituent pairs below 50% detect and only one co-occurring constituent pair (dissolved sulfate and
dissolved cadmium) for surface water. The probability of detection is very high in the counties where
these co-occurring constituent pairs are measured.
3.1.4 Statistical A nalysis
A detailed correlation coefficient analysis was performed for the co-occurring constituents selected
from the data reduction steps previously outlined. Tables 3-11 (ground water, national), 3-12 (surface
water, national), 3-13 (ground water, regional), and 3-14 (surface water, regional) show statistically
significant co-occurring pairs based on the Pearson correlation coefficients for the observation points
associated with the observation stations.
September 30, 1999 3^10 Final Report
-------
3. Results
Table 3-7: Spatial Distribution Summary of Co-occurring Constituents by County
(Ground Water)*
f ,^&to∋%'#' f , /;
'*', ',''"' ''
-J - ,, '"' •:
,*;''',;*/, - 'i
- V^-" s : - - f < ;•
f^f ''$>*'•'
,' ' s 'ft'
-.,, .- ^ s ,^
->K "£-'V *i
«••>••. .- XX -• •- v ' •>
P00618Nitrate(8)
P00945 Diss. Sulfate (25)
P01000 Diss. Arsenic (2)
PO 1002 Total Arsenic (2)
Coft&tito&at-y '- ,' ,
"" ''„,", ' ' ,
'; , ^ s"
- : , ;-$ *'
''1 '' :': -
x , -- : " ' ' , ,
•.''$ iA & .''''"**
' '*, 1 ' , ''''"'A „ *
P00945 Diss. Sulfate
PO 1000 Diss. Arsenic
PO 1002 Total Arsenic
P01025 Diss. Cadmium
P01027 Total Cadmium
PO 1045 Total Iron
P01046 Diss. Iron
P01055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
P22620 Diss. U-235
P82303 Total Radon-222
PO 1000 Diss. Arsenic
PO 1002 Total Arsenic
P01025 Diss. Cadmium
P01027 Total Cadmium
PO 1045 Total Iron
PO 1046 Diss. Iron
P01055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
P22620 Diss. U-235
P82303 Total Radon-222
PO 1002 Total Arsenic
P01025 Diss. Cadmium
P01027 Total Cadmium
P01045 Total Iron
PO 1046 Diss. Iron
P01055 Total Manganese
301056 Diss. Manganese
P22620 Diss. U-235
P82303 Total Radon-222
P01025 Diss. Cadmium
P01027 Total Cadmium
PO 1045 Total Iron
PO 1046 Diss. Iron
P01055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
P22620 Diss. U-235
Tires.-
Md
l«vef
&1
25
2
2
5
5
300
300
50
50
5
100
2
2
5
5
300
300
50
50
5
100
2
5
5
300
300
50
50
5
100
5
5
300
300
50
50
5
Total*
of --
Ifcaafet
Cmtnti$s.
- \'/'f' '*
;/^-
' ? ' y
••/.
454
145
16
48
*»
2
30
401
23
424
2
206
325
58
111
15
124
970
107
934
12
561
23
54
3
16
303
13
306
10
179
8
12
47
36
42
36
1
ft
-------
3. Results
„ C«a?&««BtX \ , J
'".\ v'
''';••
r ^
-, / t/"""
- - * ':- ^ v
- h;|%- ^i
P01025 Diss. Cadmium (5)
P01027 Total Cadmium (5
P01045 Total Iron (300)
PO 1046 Diss. Iron (300)
P01055 Total Manganese
(50
P01056 Diss. Manganese
(50)
P22620 Diss. U-235 (5)
- C9»St»tt«»ry V,
'$v
^ , -' "V"
>. ' , %<-. '
: " ** ',',''* ^ *
' t tt'S '/'%' ''' "'/f&r ^ ^ 'f
',;'!,/< i'S ;''„//?%•••? ?^ s
' f t'Sj" { f'/,yf, \ \ •• ','
P82303 Total Radon-222
P01027 Total Cadmium
P01045 Total Iron
PO 1046 Diss. Iron
P01055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
P22620 Diss. U-235
P82303 Total Radon-222
PO 1045 Total Iron
P01046 Diss. Iron
P01055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
P22620 Diss. U-235
P82303 Total Radon-222
PO 1046 Diss. Iron (300)
P01055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
P22620 Diss. U-235
P82303 Total Radon-222
P01055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
P22620 Diss. U-235
P82303 Total Radon-222
P01056 Diss. Manganese
P22620
P82303 Total Radon-222
P22620 Diss. U-235
P82303 Total Radon-222
P82303 Total Radon-222
Thpast
katd - '
tewl \
.•
/,
, *
100
5
300
300
50
50
5
100
300
300
50
50
5
100
300
50
50
5
100
50
50
5
100
50
5
100
5
100
100
T0talJ <
6f
D^ecit -
CBtmitKis
- \,
%- -<;•
,\^<
s^-
;"•
10
6
11
111
12
107
3
29
14
9
13
10
0
2
67
126
63
0
28
58
944
6
489
56
1
29
8
480
10
s!5$fc);t«feat
3fet>v6 ?r$
fi^b^f^
&&&'&&
baW^ ' '
0
0
0
7
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
13
20
15
0
0
5
66
0
13
3
1
0
2
10
0
W:&
:rsuattBj!.::-;
wi^j-aiiily V
cmffafi
^C0«" ^
^ra^^l
vafaft^X:"
Wtt££..
2
0
7
32
6
49
0
22
4
2
3
3
0
2
0
10
4
0
18
7
134
0
239
0
0
16
0
191
p
* Number in parenthesis indicates the minimum threshold level
September 30, 1999
3-12
Final Report
-------
3. Results
Table 3-8: Spatial Distribution Summary of Co-occurring Constituents by County
(Surface Water)*
-- jSc^sipiSa: % - ;%|• *, -.*''•>• «•'/"/*
"v " - „ ,. ¥* '
< (-,'-'*' -. ;-;h i
^0 f*t X' •• "• %*i^
*„ s ' / % •• *• -x. j
.. •• <• -v ' "
.•
P00618Nitrate(8)
P00945 Diss Sulfate (25)
P01000 Diss. Arsenic (2)
PO 1002 Total Arsenic (2)
PO 1045 Total Iron (300)
PO 1046 Diss. Iron (300)
P01047 Ferrous Iron (300)
P01055 Total Manganese
(50)
£feMftMii?/< * - "; -; ' ;
f ff /• f
"' "*\ ••" /& ,i
', •• > ' '> ''•. 'i. ',•.';
•• ' / , 4 ' . '
f Y r 'f ••
'''«, :
' '' ' , " ' ':
''' $ ''' ' ' ' \
'^ f. r f " / fff f
',// * ' >», ' /' '
P00945 Diss. Sulfate
PO 1000 Diss. Arsenic
PO 1002 Total Arsenic
P01 025 Diss. Cadmium
PO 1045 Total Iron
PO 1046 Diss. Iron
PO 1047 Ferrous Iron
P01055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
PO 1002 Total Arsenic
PO 1045 Total Iron
P01055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
PO 1045 Total Iron
P01055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
PO 1046 Diss. Iron
PO 1047 Ferrous Iron
PO 1 05 5 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
PO 1047 Ferrous Iron
P01055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
P01055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
f&$e&.5
hofcl +
fevri '
25
2
2
5
300
300
300
50
50
2
300
50
50
300
50
50
300
300
50
50
300
50
50
50
50
50
faiai?',
#£&iKStftB<3)e
a%a?-e-
teshsM
valaa , "-
ff " •>
41
216
149
16
244
100
5
238
376
76
56
54
115
137
123
68
60
3
308
175
5
50
200
4
5
183
to? ' * '
&»asn:te& _
vfo&fatifo'
i(jast(«tefti<
i^l%
^fesitoid ..
yateft--;; /
f f f ffS
424
44
35
72
21
332
0
33
335
33
9
8
74
12
12
45
46
0
20
27
0
34
604
0
0
42
l«f ^
vm&$$ -'
w&t&iify'X
ywtfsiMa&t
^o^e -'>
threshold"'
wtee,TY'
tefetW
5
79
66
150
27
637
0
13
359
2
9
3
114
13
9
64
229
0
26
117
0
9
85
0
0
102
roe, -,
z&mtm
B^feoaty^
a'assdJaeat
$wv
Jhffesheld
Ifc^or
«low '
580
31
28
1
76
176
0
66
171
23
44
41
48
79
71
35
0
0
20
11
0
235
373
0
0
0
* Number in parenthesis indicates the minimum threshold level
September 30, 1999
3-13
Final Report
-------
3. Results
Table 3-9 Percentage of Detected Stations for Co-occurring Constituents by County (Ground Water)
CMtMMftX* & J;- '
V,> , t; ' -VI,?' "i .
P006 18 Nitrate
P00945 Diss. Sulfate
PO 1000 Diss. Arsenic
P01002 Total Arsenic
P01025 Diss. Cadmium
P01045 Total Iron
PO 1046 Diss. Iron
P01055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
P22620 Diss. U-235
P76002 Radon-222 PE
ftMifftft^ir'-;' ':, V
; . •• , . ..* fs ' - " ,t ,, •. «'
i * < \\" ¥ >' f,
P00945 Diss. Sulfate
PO 1000 Diss. Arsenic
P01056 Diss. Manganese
P82303 Total Radon-222
PO 1000 Diss. Arsenic
P01002 Total Arsenic
P01025 Diss. Cadmium
P01045 Total Iron
P01046 Diss. Iron
PO 1047 Ferrous Iron
P01055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
PO 1065 Diss. Nickel
P011 45 Diss Selenium
P22620 Diss. U-235
P82303 Total Radon-222
PO 1002 Total Arsenic
PO 1046 Diss. Iron
P82303 Total Radon-222
PO 1045 Total Iron
PO 1046 Diss. Iron
PO 1 055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
P01046 Diss. Iron
P01056 Diss. Manganese
PO 1046 Diss. Iron (300)
PO 1047 Ferrous Iron
P01055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
P82303 Total Radon-222
PO 1047 Ferrous iron
P01055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
PO 1065 Diss Nickel
P82303 Total Radon-222
P01056 Diss. Manganese
P82303 Total Radon-222
PO 1065 Diss Nickel
P82303 Total Radon-222
P82303 Total Radon-222
P82303 Total Radon-222
#-fcft
-------
3. Results
Table 3-10: Percentage of Detected Stations for Co-occurring Constituents by County (Surface Water)
Cri»sfite««iX' t> , }t
""'"* *& i i .. ' , v.
f"»: "•"^ / - ,; \ ' *
P006 18 Nitrate
P00945 Diss Sulfate
PO 1 000 Diss. Arsenic
'
PO 1002 Total Arsenic
PO 1045 Total Iron
PO 1046 Diss. Iron
PO 1047 Ferrous Iron
P01055 Total Manganese
Coa^StafifttY' ""' '?,
* ' ' ' * '< ,,
'' -%"/ /* r
P00945 Diss Sulfate
PO 1000 Diss. Arsenic
PO 1002 Total Arsenic
P01025 Diss Cadmium
PO 1045 Total Iron
PO 1046 Diss. Iron
P01047 Ferrous Iron
P01055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
P01002 Total Arsenic
P01045 Total Iron
P01055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
PO 1045 Total Iron
P01055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
PO 1046 Diss. Iron
PO 1047 Ferrous Iron
P01055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
P01047 Ferrous Iron
P01055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
P01055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
'#af rj|if
CWitttffc*:: * ?
Measured
1053
478
332
619
369
1266
5
353
1255
178
159
153
466
294
269
256
339
3
377
335
5
335
1286
4
5
jjj
S of Counties
!>*£«&&/ "'
X ' ••
1050
370
278
239
368
1245
5
350
1241
134
118
106
351
241
215
212
335
3
374
330
5
328
1262
4
5
327
Percfiatag* #£ ^
iCe»B&es' , '
99.71
77.40
83.73
38.61
99.72
98.34
100.0
99.15
98.88
75.28
74.21
69.28
75.32
81.97
79.92
82.81
98.80
100.0
99.20
98.50
100.0
97.91
98.13
100.0
100.0
98.19
September 30, 1999
3-15
Final Report
-------
3. Results
Table 3-11: Statistically Significant Co-occurring Pairs for Ground Water - National Level Results
---- \y x •
Ttadon-
Nitrate
Sulfate Diss
Arsenic Diss
Arsenic Total
Cadmium Diss
Iron Total
Iron Diss
Iron Ferrous
Manganese
Total
Manganese Diss
Nickel Diss
Selenium Diss
U-235 Diss
Radon-222
Radon-222
Total
September 30, 1999
3-16
Final Report
-------
3. Results
Table 3-12: Statistically Significant Co^occurring Pairs for Surface Water - National Level Results
Nitrate
Sulfate Diss
Arsenic Diss
Arsenic Total
Cadmium Diss
Iron Total
Iron Diss
Iron Ferrous
Manganese
Total
Manganese
Diss
September 30, 1999
Final Report
-------
3. Results
Table 3-13: Statistically Significant Co-occurring Constituents Ground Water in EPA Regions
Coast&atX
P00618Nitrate(8)
P00945 Diss. Sulfate
PO 1 000 Diss. Arsenic
PO 1002 Total Arsenic
POI025 Diss. Cadmium
PO 1045 Total Iron
CmstffasniatV
P00945 Diss. Sulfate
PO 1000 Diss. Arsenic
P01056 Diss. Manganese
P82303 Total Radon-222
PO 1000 Diss. Arsenic
PO 1002 Total Arsenic
PO 1025 Diss. Cadmium
PO 1045 Total Iron
PO 1046 Diss. Iron
PO 1047 Ferrous Iron
P01055 Total Manganese
P01056 Diss. Manganese
PO 1065 Diss. Nickel
P01I45 Diss Selenium
P22620 Diss. U-235
P82303 Total Radon-222
PO 1002 Total Arsenic
P01046 Diss. Iron
P82303 Total Radon-222
PO 1045 Total Iron
PO 1046 Diss. Iron
PO 1055 Total Manganese
POI056 Diss. Manganese
PO 1 046 Diss. Iron
P01056 Diss. Manganese
PO 1046 Diss. Iron
: Region i
*
*
*
if
RegJeaS
2 ,
it
*
*
*
Region 3
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Region 4 i
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
RegloaS
*
*
if
if
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Region 6
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
fcegion,?.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
RsgicftS
\
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Regios 9^
% -. ••
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Regionl8
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
September 30, 1999
3-18
Final Report
-------
3. Results
%%^*"\£3
PO 1 046 Diss. Iron
PO 1055 Total
PO 1056 Diss.
P22620 Diss. U-235
P76002 Radon-222
£&(»$*& Y;
X '-/y. 5 ,„ ™^v.Vv.
'•••:•.!•; ^
PO 1047 Ferrous Iron
PO 1055 Total Manganese
'01056 Diss. Manganese
P82303 Total Radon-222
P01047 Ferrous iron
P01055 Total Manganese
PO 1056 Diss. Manganese
PO 1065 Diss Nickel
P82303 Total Radon-222
P01056 Diss. Manganese
P82303 Total Radon-222
PO 1065 Diss Nickel
P82303 Total Radon-222
P82303 Total Radon-222
P82303 Total Radon-222
J&gKSll
'-,''
if
R«g«ji2 i
3 " ' i
*
*
*
*
&e§H»ftS
* V
*
*
*
*
8i§i<3»4
*
*
*
if
*
Isgioa^
*
*
*
*
*
*
Jteit^S
*
*
*
if
*
$!J&PJ
''''
*
*
*
*
RegkHiS
*
*
*
*
*
*
Re^fea^
*
*
*
R%!o«JO
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
8 9
m
sfl
September 30, 1999
Final Report
gfi
r
I
-------
3. Results
Table 3-14: Statistically Significant Co-occurring Constituents Surface Water in EPA Regions
CaasiikfitX^
P006 18 Nitrate (8)
P00945 Diss Sulfate
P01000 Diss. Arsenic
PO 1002 Total Arsenic
PO 1045 Total Iron
PO 1046 Diss. Iron
P01047
PO 1 055 Total
QansiiaenfY ^
P00945 Diss Sulfate
PO 1000 Diss. Arsenic
PO 1002 Total Arsenic
P01025 Diss Cadmium
PO 1045 Total Iron
PO 1046 Diss. Iron
PO 1047 Ferrous Iron
PO 1055 Total
PO 1056 Diss.
PO 1002 Total Arsenic
PO 1 045 Total Iron
PO 1055 Total
P01056 Diss.
PO 1045 Total Iron
PO 1055 Total
PO 1056 Diss.
PO 1046 Diss. Iron
PO 1047 Ferrous Iron
PO 1055 Total
PO 1056 Diss.
PO 1047 Ferrous Iron
PO 1055 Total
PO 1056 Diss.
PO 1055 Total
PO 1056 Diss
PO 1056 Diss.
Re^oa!
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Rs$Ga2
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Rfigjofc 3
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
&egi«a4 i
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Re'g.ios-5"
*
*
*
*
*
if
*
*
*
*
itegi<:i£
*
*
*
Regies.?
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Regies IS 1
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
KM&jiiak
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Ssgioa W
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
September 30, 1999
3-20
Final Report
-------
4. Conclusions and Recommendations
4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The purpose of this analysis was to determine whether specific primary (arsenic, sulfate, uranium,
radium, radon, nitrate) and secondary (antimony, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cyanide,
iron, manganese, mercury, nickel, nitrite, selenium, thallium, hardness, total dissolved solids)
drinking water contaminants co-occur on a statistically significant basis or if the co-occurrence is
purely a random phenomenon. This section deals with the conclusions of this study based on the
interpretation of analytical results and also recommendations for future work.
4.1 Conclusions
All the data for analysis was extracted from the USGS NWIS (surface and ground water) database.
The conclusions in this report mainly focus on the statistical analysis of the NWIS observations as
aggregated into station.
The following conclusions were drawn from the analysis;
4.1.1 Databases
• The NWIS is a good repository of information that can be used for co-occurrence analysis.
It covers all the inorganic constituents of interest.
• For specific constituents of concern, there is enough data to draw meaningful conclusions
about co-occurrence, and has enough data for any meaningful statistical analysis.
• For this project a total of 22 constituents (7 primary and 15 secondary) were analyzed.
Several constituents had both total and dissolved forms. Thus, there were total 51
constituents analyzed both for ground water and surface water.
4.1.2 Datasets
All the analyses were performed at two levels of details: observation points and observation
stations. A single station may have more than one observation point based on time. These
observations were made independent of time as discussed in sub-section 2.1.2.1 by
aggregating them on a station basis. The main advantage of aggregating the observation
points into stations was to allow each station to be treated equally, since the sampling efforts
at each station were not the same.
September 30, 1999 4-1 Final Report
-------
4. Conclusions and Recommendations
4.1.3 Observation Points
The details of the observation point analyses are documented in the previous reports
submitted to the EPA. These analyses included; national and regional correlation coefficient
calculations, well depth analysis, distribution of ancillary parameters, generation of scatter
plots, and calculation of co-occurrence frequency tables.
• A total of 9,912 co-occurrence combinations(based on multiple threshold levels) were
analyzed on a national level using observation points data. The screening techniques applied
to the correlation coefficients resulted in 1860 statistically significant pairs (based on P-value
< 0.05). The screening results for the regional analysis showed the following statistics:
98,185 combinations (based on a multiple threshold levels considered in each of 10 EPA
Regions) and 7,152 statistically significant pairs based on P-value.
4.1.4 Observation Stations
The following conclusions have been drawn from the analysis of the observation station data.
• There were 862 possible co-occurring pairs for ground water and 780 possible co-occurring
pairs for surface water, based on the available data in the NWIS database.
• Out of the above possible combinations, there are 44 co-occurring pairs for ground water and
26 pairs for surface water that have enough data for valid statistical analysis. Table 4-1 and
4-2 show the co-occurring pairs for ground water and surface water respectively.
• Sulfate occurs most frequently with other constituents - 13 constituents each for ground
water and surface water.
• On a percentage basis, for ground water, sulfate occurs most frequently with ferrous iron
(54.72%) and Uranium-235 (50.47%). For surface water, sulfate occurs most frequently
with ferrous iron (74.01%) and total manganese (54.28%)
• From a spatial perspective and where both constituents occur above their respective threshold
levels, manganese and iron is the most wide spread co-occurring pair in ground water. This
pair occurs in 537 counties. For surface water, sulfate and manganese is the most wide spread
co-occurring pair. This pair occurs in 376 counties.
• For ground water, pairs with correlation coefficient greater than 0.8 occurs in EPA Region
1,3,4,5,7,8,10 and for surface water in the Regions 3,5,6, 8,9,10 as shown in Table 4-3
and 4-4. It also shows that usually metals and sulfate have very high correlation both in
surface water and ground water.
September 30, 1999 4-2 Final Report
-------
4. Conclusions and Recommendations
Table 4-1: Final Co-occurring Pairs Selected based on the data reduction steps (Ground Water)*
\ •• •• A'% f
•:--:, ^ ,:i
Nitrate
Sulfate Diss
Arsenic Diss
Arsenic Total
Cadmium Diss
Iron Total
Iron Diss
Iron Ferrous
Manganese
Total
Manganese Diss
Nickel Diss
Selenium Diss
U-235 Diss
Radon-222
Radon-222
Total
Ifttralr^
j,f f
301
69
133
113
>jfttfate
W»fc, -
\ft-.
301
•••••• "","
2004
77
72
282
1299
81
249
2280
67
50
53
1764
Arsenic
Bissj- %
69
2004
• '\ ''••/
>.. Si i /:.•... ^
56
453
854
1013
Arsfenie
T«fc* :
77
56
"""" x
107
57
99
67
CadiafatHJ
Di$$., '
72
^ ^ %
50
63
mn
^L ^
\ •.
282
107
f •. •*
223
78
488
216
52
trait
tifc®.
1299
453
57
50
223
% %
86
181
2082
52
533
Iron
Furrows
81
78
86
,,
60
70
Mfanpuese:
r^i.
249
99
488
181
60
<..*..,.
261
49
iVferagitflisse
OK^ , -
133
2280
854
67
63
216
2082
70
261
••
64
854
Nickel
D
46
{ladoM-
^22,
44
RadsB-
211
Nal .
113
1764
1013
52
533
49
854
46
44
.. '
* Number of stations where both constituents were detected above the minimum threshold level
September 30, 1999
Final Report
-------
4. Conclusions and Recommendations
Table 4-2: Final Co-occurring Pairs Selected based on the data reduction steps (SurfaceWater)*
N itrate
Sulfate Diss
Arsenic Diss
Arsenic Total
Cadmium Diss
Iron Total
Iron Diss
Iron Ferrous
Manganese Total
Manganese Diss
mttzte
66
SXlt&te
m&..
66
624
342
39
845
401
94
875
1179
AfsssiN:
J&fa*
624
195
106
101
248
Ar$$flfc
Tto&i
342
195
304
256
118
Oidittftutt
J>fe
39
fro»
Toiti
845
106
304
399
88
1216
705
Iroft
Hf%
401
399
94
378
659
Irdtt
Per^«s
94
88
94
89
94
MitJtgai!<*
eTotol
875
101
256
1216
378
89
799
Ms«gaa$$ffc
Uis&
1179
248
118
705
659
94
799
: Number of stations where both constituents were detected above the minimum threshold level
September 30, 1999
4-4
Final Report
-------
4. Conclusions and Recommendations
Table 4-3 EPA Regions Where Correlation Coefficients for Co-occurring Pairs are >0.8
(Ground Water)
Ifdfalfafam f :
1
3
4
5
7
8
10
ttarttaMnt
Total Arsenic
Diss. Sulfate
Diss. Manganese
Total Iron
Diss. Sulfate
Total Iron
Diss. Iron
Diss. Manganese
Diss. Sulfate
Diss. Sulfate
Total Iron
Diss. Manganese
Diss. Sulfate
Diss. Cadmium
Diss. Iron
Diss. Manganese
g^mvfagClmstftxvW - * '
Total Iron
Total Manganese, Diss. Manganese
Diss. Nickel
Dissolved Manganese
Total Iron, Diss. Iron, Ferrous Iron,
Total Manganese, Diss. Manganese,
Diss. Nickel
Total Manganese, Diss. Manganese
Total Manganese, Diss. Manganese,
Diss. Nickel
Diss. Nickel
Diss. U-235
Total Iron, Total Manganese
Total Manganese
Diss. Nickel
Diss. Cadmium, Diss. Manganese,
Diss. Nickel
Diss. Manganese
Diss. Nickel
Diss. Nickel
Table 4-3 EPA Regions Where Correlation Coefficients for Co-occurring Pairs are >0.8
(Surface Water)
|Megk*n, ' I
3
5
6
8
9
10
•'Cagktidiutitt ' :y-
Diss. Sulfate
Total Iron
Diss. Iron
Total Iron
Ferrous Iron
Diss. Sulfate
Total Iron
,C0-0^i»^%C<^itip^! V-' ' \
Diss. Iron, Total Iron, Ferrous Iron
Total Manganese, Diss. Manganese
Total Manganese
Total Manganese
Dissolved Manganese
Total Manganese
Total Manganese
September 30, 1999
4-5
Final Report
-------
4. Conclusions and Recommendations
4.2 Recommendations
The present analysis was limited to inorganic constituents. The statistical analysis was bivariate
(correlation between two constituents) in nature. The number of public water systems that will be
impacted by co-occurrence and the cost of co-occurrence for treatment was not analyzed. The
following recommendations are made for future work.
4.2.1 Organic Constituents
The present work focuses only on the inorganic constituents (ground water and surface water). But
both these sources contain organic constituents too. Organic constituents effect water treatment. A
complete analysis of co-occurrence should include both, organic and inorganic constituents. The
protocol of co-occurrence pair selection that was developed for this study can be used for organic
constituents too.
The NWIS database contains information on 230 organic constituents, that covers all the constituents
mandated by the EPA and other State regulations.
4.2.2 Multivariate Analysis
All constituents can co-occur with more than one other constituent. Common for all data analysis
is to collect data about many samples where the characteristics vary. Traditional analysis is based
on one or two variables at the time. But usually the variables interact, that is why analysis of all the
variables simultaneously is necessary to reveal their relationships. This is called multivariate
analysis. Multivariate analysis means using many variables to forecast, predict, or understand a
situation.
Multivariate analysis is data dependent. By focusing on the constituents of interest and for which
there is enough data is available, a multivariate analysis can be performed. The constituents can also
be picked based on the EPA Regions.
4.2.3 Linking Public Water System
The ultimate objective of the co-occurrence analysis is to find out how many drinking water systems
may be impacted by the abundance and distributions of the co-occurring constituents. This objective
can be achieved by linking public water system locations with the co-occurrence data using a
geographic information system (GIS). All the spatial analysis can be performed in the GIS
environment. For example, GIS can be used to answer how many systems (based on the size) are
impacted by the co-occurrence.
Spatial distribution of co-occurring pairs is the first step for linking PWS with the data. The second
step involves the spatial distribution of PWS. The SDWIS database contains various the information
September 30, 1999 4=6Final Report
-------
4. Conclusions and Recommendations
components needed for PWS spatial distribution. In the SDWIS database, each PWS has a latitude
and longitude to link it with the co-occurrence data in GIS system
4.2.4 Cost
Once co-occurring constituents and the PWS impacted by them are known, then the cost of co-
treatment can be calculated. The cost to an individual water supply for installing or upgrading a
treatment technology to treat co-occurring contaminants in drinking water includes both capital costs
and operation and maintenance (O&M) costs. Capital costs generally include the costs of process
equipment and related structural, building, site preparation, and other construction costs (labor and
material). O&M costs include direct costs of labor for operating the treatment system, the costs of
chemicals, and other necessary and related indirect (overhead) costs (equipment and material). For
unit treatment cost estimates, upgraded versions of the three models: the Very Small System (VSS);
the WATER Model (SAIC, 1996); and the W/W COSTS Model (Culp/Wesner/Culp, 1986-1994
versions) can be used. The results of these models will be validated by careful comparison with
actual constructed projects, vendor estimates, and outputs from other models.
The upgraded versions of the three models account for certain cost elements that historically have
not been included in the development of unit costs. These include elements such as the availability
and cost of land on which to place the treatment systems, permitting fees and pilot studies.
September 30, 1999 4-7 Final Report
-------
5. REFERENCES
Hoel, P. G., Elementary Statistics, Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics, 1971.
Lachin, J.M., Introduction to sample size determination and power analysis for clinical trials,
Controlled Clinical Trials, 2, 93-113, 1981.
Murdoch, J. and J. A. Barnes., Statistical Tables for Science, Engineering, Management and Business
Studies, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1974.
US EPA 1999, Sample size and sampling frequency estimator documentation, Beta Test (Version
0.7.2.2).
SAIC, Co-occurrence of Drinking Water Contaminants, Preliminary Draft Report, September 23,
1999.
SAIC, Co-occurrence of Drinking Water Contaminants, Final Draft Report, January 27, 1999.
SAIC, Co-occurrence of Drinking Water Contaminants, Progress Summary Report, April 12,1999.
SAIC, Co-occurrence of Drinking Water Contaminants, Primary and Secondary Constituents Draft
Report, May 21,1999.
SAIC, Co-occurrence of Drinking Water Contaminants, Progress Summary Report, August 16,1999.
September 30, 1999 5-1 Final Report
-------
Appendix A
Appendix A: Number of Stations with Co-occurring Pairs for Groundwater
(Shading shows pairs above sample size threshold)
P00613
Code
00615
00618
00720
00723
00945
01000
01002
01005
01006
01007
01010
01012
01025
01027
01030
01032
01034
01044
01045
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
Parameter Name
Nitrite-N Total, mg/1 as N
Nitrate mg/1
Total Cyanide, mg/1
Diss. Cyanide, mg/1
Diss. Sulfate, mg/1
Diss. Arsenic, ug/1
Total. Arsenic, ug/1
Dissol. Barium, ug/1
Susp Barium, ug/1
Total Barium, ug/1
Diss Beryllium, ug/1
Total Beryllium, ug/1
Diss Cadmium, ug/1
Total Cadmium, ug/1
Diss chromium, ug/1
Hexval chromium, ug/1
Total chromium, ug/'l
Susp Iron ug/1
Total Iron, ug/1
Diss Iron, ug/'l
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel ug/'L
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226. diss, pci/1
Radium-226. diss. pci/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
13
2885
9
10
2737
780
48
1057
0
38
94
0
160
6
519
57
70
0
179
1984
26
0
154
2032
0
0
486
22
17
•y
274
51
6
35
Pairs Above
Threshold
8
->
17
3
~>
j
->
1
3
6
3
3
September 30. 1999
A-l
Final Report
-------
Appendix A
V;
P00615
Code
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
00618
00720
00723
00945
01000
01002
01005
01006
01007
01010
01012
01025
01027
01030
01032
01034
01044
01045
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
Parameter Name
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Nitrate mg/1
Total Cyanide, mg/1
Diss. Cyanide, mg/1
Diss. Sulfate, mg/1
Diss. Arsenic, ug/1
Total, Arsenic, ug/1
Dissol. Barium, ug/1
Susp Barium, ug/I
Total Barium, ug/1
Diss Beryllium, ug/1
Total Beryllium, ug/1
Diss Cadmium, ug/1
Total Cadmium, ug/1
Diss chromium, ug/1
Hexval chromium, ug/1
Total chromium, ug/1
Susp Iron ug/1
Total Iron, ug/1
Diss Iron, ug/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel ug/L
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
14
7
78
15
43
633
623
12
2
0
87
9
25
28
0
24
0
19.
5
17
4
0
23
0
32
35
0
0
25
21
0
3
11
23
0
12
0
Pate; Above
Threshold
3
4
September 30, 1999
A-2
Final Report
-------
Appendix A
P00618
Code
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
00720
00723
00945
01000
01002
01005
01006
01007
01010
01012
01025
01027
01030
01032
01034
01044
01045
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
Parameter Name
Total Selenium, ug/I
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Total Cyanide, mg/1
Diss. Cyanide, mg/1
Diss. Sulfate, mg/1
Diss, Arsenic, ug/1
Total, Arsenic, ug/1
Dissol. Barium, ug/1
Susp Barium, ug/1
Total Barium, ug/1
Diss Beryllium, ug/1
Total Beryllium, ug/1
Diss Cadmium, ug/1
Total Cadmium, ug/1
Diss chromium, ug/1
Hexval chromium, ug/1
Total chromium, ug/1
Susp Iron ug/1
Total Iron, ug/1
Diss Iron, ug/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel ug/L
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
14
0
0
0
0
0
16
0
0
0
7
17
2715
792
46
1092
0
61
83
0
144
8
481
56
87
0
187
1843
23
0
157
1847
0
2
473
26
19
Pairs Above
Threshold
2
301
69
1
2
->
j
1
5
12
4
133
3
September 30, 1999
A-3
Final Report
-------
Appendix A
P00720
Code
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
00723
00945
01000
01002
01005
01006
01007
01010
01012
01025
01027
01030
01032
01034
01044
01045
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
Parameter Name
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226. diss, pci/1
U-238. diss, pci/1
U-235, diss. pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg. Tot. Rec.. ug/1
Radium-226. diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Diss. Cyanide, mg/1
Diss. Sulfate, mg/1
Diss. Arsenic, ug/1
Total. Arsenic, ug/1
Dissol. Barium, ug/1
Susp Barium, ug/1
Total Barium, ug/1
Diss Beryllium, ug/1
Total Beryllium, ug/1
Diss Cadmium, ug/1
Total Cadmium, ug/I
Diss chromium, ug/1
Hexval chromium, ug/1
Total chromium, ug/1
Susp Iron ug/1
Total Iron, ug/1
Diss Iron, ug/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel ug/'L
Co-occurring
Pairs
2
324
51
5
26
8
6
76
15
-> •>
jj
571
599
4
19
4
9
4
0
11
1
0
0
3
1
0
13
0
21
4
0
0
19
4
0
0
-V
J
5
Pairs Above
Threshold
15
1
3
3
1
113
September 30. 1999
A-4
Final Report
-------
Appendix A
P00723
Code
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
00945
01000
01002
01005
01006
01007
01010
01012
01025
01027
01030
01032
01034
01044
01045
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
Parameter Name
Diss Antimony, ug/'l
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226. diss, pci/1
Radium-226. diss, pci/1
U-238, diss. pci/1
U-235. diss, pci/1
Hg, diss. ug/1
Hg. Tot. Rec.. ug/1
Radium-226. diss, pci/1
Radon-222. pci/I
Radon-222. total, pci/1
Diss. Sulfate, mg/'I
Diss. Arsenic, ug/1
Total. Arsenic, ug/1
Dissol. Barium, ug/1
Susp Barium, ug/1
Total Barium, ug/1
Diss Beryllium, ug/1
Total Beryllium, ug/1
Diss Cadmium, ug/1
Total Cadmium, ug/1
Diss chromium, ug/1
Hexval chromium, ug/1
Total chromium, ug/1
Susp Iron ug/I
Total Iron, ug/1
Diss Iron, ug/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel ug/L
Co-occurring
Pairs
0
1
0
S
0
0
0
0
•^
J
3
0
0
0
25
23
10
28
0
10
5
0
9
~>
3
0
1
0
9
21
0
0
11
23
1
2
18
7
Pairs Above
Threshold
7
8
4
1
~!
5
September 30, 1999
A-5
Final Report
-------
Appendix A
P00945
Code
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01000
01002
01005
01006
01007
01010
01012
01025
01027
01030
01032
01034
01044
01045
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
Parameter Name
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/I
U-238. diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/I
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222. pci/1
Radon-222. total, pci/1
Diss. Arsenic, ug/1
Total, Arsenic, ug/1
Dissol. Barium, ug/1
Susp Barium, ug/1
Total Barium, ug/1
Diss Beryllium, ug/1
Total Beryllium, ug/1
Diss Cadmium, ug/1
Total Cadmium, ug/1
Diss chromium, ug/1
Hexval chromium, ug/1
Total chromium, ug/1
Susp Iron ug/1
Total Iron, ug/1
Diss Iron, ug/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel ug/L
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
0
1
6
4
0
0
0
0
16
0
0
1
1
3797
209
4950
1
292
263
34
545
66
2304
137
272
1
922
9630
139
^>
j>
701
9003
19
8
1813
141
85
Pairs Above
Threshold
2004
77
7
24
72
14
12
4
3
282
1299
81
249
2280
12
2
67
9
9
September 30. 1999
A-6
Final Report
-------
Appendix A
P01000
Code
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01002
01005
01006
01007
01010
01012
01025
01027
01030
01032
01034
01044
01045
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
Parameter Name
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/l
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss. ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226. diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222. total, pci/1
Total, Arsenic, ug/1
Dissol. Barium, ug/1
Susp Barium, ug/1
Total Barium, ug/1
Diss Beryllium, ug/1
Total Beryllium, ug/1
Diss Cadmium, ug/1
Total Cadmium, ug/1
Diss chromium, ug/1
Hexval chromium, ug/1
Total chromium, ug/1
Susp Iron ug/1
Total Iron, ug/1
Diss Iron, ug/i
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel ug/'L
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
35
1216
101
39
110
93
62
201
61
201
3965
3946
71
2007
0
27
87
1
181
5
1221
66
55
0
49
2563
9
•>
46
2226
11
0
692
24
78
6
845
Pairs Above
Threshold
6
50
6
4
53
8
~>
\
16
1764
56
5
3
19
1
4
•~n
453
1
25
854
8
8
1
9
3
7
September 30, 1999
A-7
Final Report
-------
Appendix A
PO 1 002
Code
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01005
01006
01007
01010
01012
01025
01027
01030
01032
01034
01044
01045
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
Parameter Name
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226. diss, pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss. pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss. pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222. total, pci/1
Dissol. Barium, ug/1
Susp Barium, ug/1
Total Barium, ug/1
Diss Beryllium, ug/1
Total Beryllium, ug/1
Diss Cadmium, ug/1
Total Cadmium, ug/1
Diss chromium, ug/1
Hexval chromium, ug/1
Total chromium, ug/1
Susp Iron ug/1
Total Iron, ug/1
Diss Iron, ug/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel ug/L
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226. diss, pci<1
Co-occurring
Pairs
8
11
28
51
37
101
2
83
1277
1284
84
0
140
8
29
19
39
21
8
100
0
193
125
0
0
179
132
8
6
42
108
3
28
13
69
2
0
Pairs Above
Threshold
1
1
28
2
2
3
1013
6
2
4
7
1
1
107
57
99
67
4
4
3
1
September 30. 1999
A-8
Final Report
-------
Appendix A
.
P01005
.Code
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01006
01007
01010
01012
01025
01027
01030
01032
01034
01044
01045
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
Parameter Name
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Susp Barium, ug/1
Total Barium, ug/1
Diss Beryllium, ug/1
Total Beryllium, ug/1
Diss Cadmium, ug/1
Total Cadmium, ug/1
Diss chromium, ug/1
Hexval chromium, ug/1
Total chromium, ug/1
Susp Iron ug/1
Total Iron, ug/1
Diss Iron, ug/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel ug/L
Diss Antimony, ug/I
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/I
Co-occurring
Pairs
4
1
13
33
3
13
14
1
133
273
23
490
35
1730
63
104
2
298
3703
50
->
j
240
3724
20
8
1849
97
79
28
792
36
9
102
82
57
165
31
Pairs Above
Threshold
1
11
2
7
10
September 30, 1999
A-9
Final Report
-------
Appendix A
P01006
P01007
Code
76001
76002
82303
01007
01010
01012
01025
01027
01030
01032
01034
01044
01045
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01010
01012
ParameterjName
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Total Barium, ug/1
Diss Beryllium, ug/1
Total Beryllium, ug/1
Diss Cadmium, ug/1
Total Cadmium, ug/1
Diss chromium, ug/1
Hexval chromium, ug/1
Total chromium, ug/1
Susp Iron ug/1
Total Iron, ug/1
Diss Iron, ug/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel ug/L
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Diss Beryllium, ug/1
Total Beryllium, ug/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
155
1787
1785
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
16
34
"Pairs Above
^/Threshold
September 30, 1999
A-10
Final Report
-------
Appendix A
P01010
Code
01025
01027
01030
01032
01034
01044
01045
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01012
01025
01027
01030
01032
01034
01044
01045
Parameter Name
Diss Cadmium, ug/l
Total Cadmium, ug/l
Diss chromium, ug/l
Hexval chromium, ug/l
Total chromium, ug/l
Susp Iron ug/l
Total Iron, ug/l
Diss Iron, ug/l
Ferrous Iron, ug/l
Susp Manganese, ug/l
Total manganese, ug/l
Diss manganese, ug/l
Diss Thallium, ug/l
Total Thallium, ug/l
Diss Nickel, ug/l
Total Nickel ug/L
Diss Antimony, ug/l
Total Antimony, ug/l
Diss Selenium, ug/l
Total Selenium, ug/l
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss. pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss. pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/l
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/l
Radium-226. diss. pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Total Beryllium, ug/l
Diss Cadmium, ug/l
Total Cadmium, ug/l
Diss chromium, ug/l
Hexval chromium, ug/l
Total chromium, ug/l
Susp Iron ug/l
Total Iron, ug/l
Co-occurring
Pairs
28
57
16
4
153
1
361
110
0
1
332
105
11
8
57
125
1
27
14
68
1
0
1
0
13
51
1
">">
20
0
125
•^
_?
89
4
5
0
35
Pairs Above
Threshold
1
8
8
11
6
8
September 30. 1999
A-ll
Final Report
-------
Appendix A
P01012
Code
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01025
01027
01030
01032
01034
01044
01045
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
Parameter Name
Diss Iron, ug/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel ug/L
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
U-238. diss. pci/1
U-235, diss. pci/1
Hg. diss, ug/1
Hg. Tot. Rec.. ug/1
Radium-226. diss. pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222. total, pci/1
Diss Cadmium. ug/I
Total Cadmium, ug/1
Diss chromium. ug/I
Hexval chromium, ug/1
Total chromium, ug/1
Susp Iron ug/I
Total Iron, ug/1
Diss Iron, ug/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/I
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
230
17
0
34
238
9
0
107
10
6
2
42
6
1
6
10
9
29
0
8
21
21
8
26
0
0
26
0
34
22
0
0
-* -*
jj
18
?
6
8
Pairs Above
Threshold
19
8
8
21
19
1
1
6
5
1
2
4
1
">
1
2
1
2
1
1
September 30. 1999
A-12
Final Report
-------
Appendix A
P01025
Code
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01027
01030
01032
01034
01044
01045
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
Parameter Name
Total Nickel ug/L
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss. pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss. pci/1
Hg. diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222. pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Total Cadmium, ug/1
Diss chromium, ug/1
Hexval chromium, ug/1
Total chromium, ug/1
Susp Iron ug/1
Total Iron, ug/1
Diss Iron, ug/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug'l
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/!
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel ug/L
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium. ug/I
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226. diss. pci/1
Radium-226. diss. pci/1
U-238, diss. pci/1
U-235. diss. pci/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
-> i
j^
0
17
1
15
0
0
0
0
1
21
0
0
0
16
141
4
25
0
48
470
">
9
54
485
2
3
229
22
8
10
54
~\
1
11
16
14
Pairs Above
Threshold
2
o
6
~i
50
1
8
63
24
->
~!
1
1
7
6
September 30. 1999
A-I:
Final Report
-------
Appendix A
P01027
P01030
Code
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01030
01032
01034
01044
01045
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01032
01034
01044
01045
01046
Parameter Name
Hg, diss. ug/1
Hg. Tot. Rec.. ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222. pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Diss chromium, ug/1
Hexval chromium, ug/1
Total chromium, ug/1
Susp Iron ug/1
Total Iron, ug/1
Diss Iron, ug/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel ug/L
Diss Antimony. u°/\
J O
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226. diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
U-238. diss. pci/1
U-235, diss. pci/1
Hg, diss. ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec.. ug/1
Radium-226. diss. pci/1
Radon-222. pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Hexval chromium, ug/1
Total chromium, ug/1
Susp Iron ug/1
Total Iron, ug/1
Diss Iron, ug/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
48
8
13
81
81
1
0
43
0
64
35
0
0
63
33
->
7
17
44
0
18
i
j
13
0
0
0
0
4
22
0
2
2
112
27
0
64
1499
Pairs Above
Threshold
9
2
12
-i
J
19
->
j
20
4
2
-%
j
4
1
7
September 30. 1999
A-14
Final Report
-------
Appendix A
P01032
Code
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01034
01044
01045
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
Parameter Name
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel ug/L
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss. pci/I
Radium-226. diss. pci/1
U-238. diss. pci/1
U-235. diss. pci/I
Hg. diss. ug/1
Hg. Tot. Rec.. ug/1
Radium-226. diss, pci/1
Radon-222. pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Total chromium, ug/1
Susp Iron ug/1
Total Iron, ug/1
Diss Iron, ug/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel ug/L
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
20
0
51
1354
8
0
1122
14
25
3
541
17
1
32
37
36
55
"i
38
1271
1246
24
0
9
44
0
0
6
29
0
0
11
8
0
0
32
8
Pairs Above
Threshold
1
8
7
1
3
5
4
1
i
s
September 30, 1999
A-15
Final Report
-------
Appendix A
P01034
P01044
Code
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01044
01045
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01045
01046
01047
01054
Parameter Name
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss. pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss. ug/1
Hg. Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222. total, pci/1
Susp Iron ug/1
Total Iron, ug/1
Diss Iron, ug/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/I
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel ug/L
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss. pci/1
U-238. diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, U2.il
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222. pci/1
Radon-222. total, pci/1
Total Iron, ug/1
Diss Iron, ug/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
1
1
0
251
80
0
0
227
71
0
6
22
91
3
22
22
84
0
0
^
j
1
4
38
0
5
5
2
2
0
1
Pairs Above
Threshold
11
12
1 1
1
1
September 30. 1999
A-16
Final Report
-------
Appendix A
POI045
Code
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
Parameter Name
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/I
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel ug/L
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226. diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss. pci/1
U-238. diss, pci/1
U-235. diss, pci/1
Hg, diss. ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226. diss. pci/1
Radon-222. pci/1
Radon-222. total, pci/1
Diss Iron, ug/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/I
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/I
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel ug/L
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226. diss, pci/1
Radium-226. diss. pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235. diss. pci/1
Hg, diss. ug/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
528
105
1
865
534
11
7
120
145
4
32
-i ~<
jj
105
10
0
->
j
0
25
Pairs Above
Threshold
1
223
78
1
488
216
5
~n
13
1
5
1
September 30. 1999
A-17
Final Report
-------
Appendix A
P01046
P01047
Code
71900
76001
76002
82303
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
Parameter Name
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel ug/L
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss. pci/1
Radium-226, diss. pci/1
U-238, diss. pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss. ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec.. ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222. pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel ug/L
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/I
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226. diss. pci/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
66
17
138
140
126
••>
j
425
8344
11
8
1403
85
49
30
706
29
33
90
47
25
158
27
145
2607
2603
0
85
135
0
0
29
0
1
0
1
0
0
Pairs Above
Threshold
2
1
52
86
181
2082
5
52
7
3
4
8
4
2
6
4
3
->
j
533
60
70
14
1
September 30. 1999
A-18
Final Report
-------
Appendix A
P01054
P01055
Code
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
Parameter Name
Radium-226, diss, pci/'l
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss. pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec.. ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222. pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium. ug/I
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel ug/L
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226. diss. pci/1
Radium-226. diss. pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss. pci/1
Hg. diss. ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec.. ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222. total, pci/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel ug/L
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226. diss. pci/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
~l
J
0
0
~>
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
466
10
8
121
133
2
"» ->
jj
25
86
10
Pairs Above
Threshold
1
261
9
26
13
1
3
7
September 30. 1999
A-19
Final Report
-------
Appendix A
P01056
P01057
Code
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
Parameter Name
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
U-238. diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss. ug/1
Hg. Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226. diss. pci/I
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/l
Total Nickel ug/L
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss. pci/1
U-238. diss, pci/I
U-235. diss, pci/1
Hg. diss. ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel ug/L
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226. diss, pci/1
Radium-226. diss. pci/1
U-238. diss. pci/1
U-235. diss. pci/1
Hg. diss. ug/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
21
20
3
23
58
38
108
110
10
4
1451
88
47
24
597
31
32
94
55
32
181
27
142
2410
2392
0
10
6
0
-*
j
11
6
1
0
0
0
0
Pairs Above
Threshold
1
1
1
->
_>
1
1
49
2
64
9
3
3
11
->
j
3
18
8
4
1
1
8
854
3
September 30, 1999
A-20
Final Report
-------
Appendix A
P01059
P01065
P01067
Code
71900
76001
76002
82303
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01095
01097
01145
01147
Parameter Name
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/'l
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel ug/L
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium. ug/I
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226. diss. pci/1
Radium-226. diss. pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg. diss. ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec.. ug/1
Radium-226. diss, pci/1
Radon-222. pci/1
Radon-222. total, pci/1
Total Nickel ug/L
Diss Antimony, ug'l
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium. ug/I
Radium-226, diss. pci/1
Radium-226. diss. pci/I
U-238. diss. pci/1
U-235, diss. pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec.. ug/1
Radium-226. diss. pci/1
Radon-222. pci/1
Radon-222. total, pci/1
Diss Antimony, ug/I
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
0
1
1
1
->
8
0
6
0
^
0
0
0
0
~>
5
0
0
0
57
23
12
380
15
1
61
44
40
66
12
60
1017
994
4
26
15
55
Pairs Above
Threshold
1
8
->
1
2
9
8
3
2
9
September 30. 1999
A-21
Final Report
-------
Appendix A
P01095
P01097
P01145
Code
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
Parameter Name
Radium-226, diss. pci/1
Radium-226, diss. pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235. diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/I
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/I
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Total Antimony, ug/I
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226. diss, pci/I
Radium-226. diss. pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss. pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec.. ug/1
Radium-226, diss. pci/1
Radon-222. pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226. diss, pci/I
Radium-226. diss, pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg. diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/I
Radium-226, diss. pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222. total, pci/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss. pci/1
U-238. diss, pci/1
U-235. diss. pci/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
0
0
0
0
8
30
0
3
3
0
28
1
0
1
10
">
2
0
1
29
26
2
12
0
0
1
0
1
12
0
0
0
20
10
6
48
41
Pairs Above
Threshold
1
1
September 30. 1999
A-22
Final Report
-------
Appendix A
P01147
P09510
P09511
P22603
P22620
Code
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
71890
71900
Parameter Name
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec.. ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Radium-226. diss, pci/1
Radium-226. diss. pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss. pci/1
Hg. diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss. pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Radium-226. diss, pci'l
U-238, diss. pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss. ug/1
Hg. Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss. pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222. total, pci/1
U-238. diss. pci/1
U-235. diss, pci/I
Hg. diss. ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec.. ug/1
Radium-226. diss. pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
U-235. diss. pci/1
Hg. diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec.. ug/1
Radium-226. diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Hg. diss. ug/1
Hg. Tot. Rec.. ug/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
36
0
56
413
418
1
0
1
1
4
16
1
->
9
0
0
0
o
0
45
36
36
24
6
23
5
116
94
94
63
0
0
29
80
76
0
0
Pairs Above
Threshold
1
6
1
9
1
2
2
16
8
6
46
September 30. 1999
A-23
Final Report
-------
Appendix A
P71890
P71900
P76001
P76002
Code
76001
76002
82303
71900
76001
76002
82303
76001
76002
82303
76002
82303
82303
Parameter Name
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222. pci/1
Radon-222, total pci/I
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226. diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Radium-226. diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Radon-222. pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
11
53
52
11
25
45
45
5
6
6
137
137
4439
Pairs Above
Threshold
2
6
3
3
~>
1
44
September 30. 1999
A-24
Final Report
-------
Appendix B
Appendix B: Number of Stations with Co-occurring Pair Counts for Surface water
(Shading shows pairs above sample size threshold)
P00613
Code
00615
00618
00720
00723
00945
01000
01002
01005
01007
01010
01012
01025
01027
01030
01032
01034
01045
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
Parameter Name
Nitrite-N Total, mg/1 as N
Nitrate mg/1
Total Cyanide, mg/1
Diss. Cyanide, mg/1
Diss. Sulfate, mg/1
Diss. Arsenic, ug/1
Total, Arsenic, ug/1
Dissol. Barium, ug/'l
Total Barium, ug/1
Diss Beryllium, ug/1
Total Beryllium, ug/1
Diss Cadmium, ug/1
Total Cadmium, ug/1
Diss chromium, ug/1
Hexval chromium, ug/1
Total chromium, ug/1
Total Iron, ug/1
Diss Iron, ug/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel, ug/1
Diss Antimony, ug/I
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226. diss. pci/1
Radium-226, diss. pci/1
U-238, diss. pci/1
U-235. diss. pci/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
771
3958
77
10
3130
625
452
1199
147
114
37
255
131
448
15
444
636
2626
2
0
575
2649
2
~i
776
480
54
32
358
127
0
112
3
0
Pairs Above
Threshold
September 30. 1999
B-l
Final Report
-------
Appendix B
P00615
Code
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
00618
00720
00723
00945
01000
01002
01005
01007
01010
01012
01025
01027
01030
01032
01034
01045
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
Parameter Name
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Nitrate mg/1
Total Cyanide, mg/l
Diss. Cyanide, mg/1
Diss. Sulfate, mg/1
Diss. Arsenic, ug/1
Total, Arsenic, ug/1
Dissol. Barium, ug/1
Total Barium, ug/1
Diss Beryllium, ug/1
Total Beryllium, ug/1
Diss Cadmium, ug/1
Total Cadmium, ug/1
Diss chromium, ug/1
Hexval chromium, ug/1
Total chromium, ug/1
Total Iron, ug/1
Diss Iron, ug/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel, ug/1
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226. diss, pci/I
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
237
197
112
19
19
751
51
9
1171
199
313
495
81
46
52
116
104
165
14
362
411
693
0
0
384
676
~>
9
386
366
99
25
141
69
0
51
0
Pairs Above
Threshold
1
September 30. 1999
B-2
Final Report
-------
Appendix B
P00618
Code
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
00720
00723
00945
01000
01002
01005
01007
01010
01012
01025
01027
01030
01032
01034
01045
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
Parameter Name
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Total Cyanide, mg/1
Diss. Cyanide, mg/1
Diss. Sulfate. mg/1
Diss. Arsenic, ug/1
Total. Arsenic, ug/1
Dissol. Barium, ug/1
Total Barium, ug/1
Diss Beryllium, ug/1
Total Beryllium, ug/1
Diss Cadmium, ug/1
Total Cadmium, ug/1
Diss chromium, ug/1
Hexval chromium, ug/1
Total chromium, ug/1
Total Iron, ug/1
Diss Iron, ug/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug'l
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug'l
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel, ug/1
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226. diss. pci/1
U-238. diss. pci/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
0
105
263
51
0
0
83
10
3068
610
464
1170
151
117
37
271
151
431
15
438
651
2548
~i
0
593
2580
->
5
762
479
51
31
360
126
0
104
2
Pairs Above
Threshold
66
7
5
4
o
5
11
o
1
1
September 30. 1999
B-3
Final Report
-------
Appendix B
P00720
Code
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
00723
00945
01000
01002
01005
01007
01010
01012
01025
01027
01030
01032
01034
01045
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
Parameter Name
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Diss. Cyanide, mg/1
Diss. Sulfate. mg/1
Diss. Arsenic, ug/1
Total. Arsenic, ug/1
Dissol. Barium, ug/1
Total Barium, ug/1
Diss Beryllium, ug/1
Total Beryllium, ug/1
Diss Cadmium, ug/1
Total Cadmium, ug/I
Diss chromium, ug/1
Hexval chromium, ug/1
Total chromium, ug/1
Total Iron, ug/1
Diss Iron, ug/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel, ug/1
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226. diss. pci/1
Radium-226. diss, pci/I
U-238. diss, pci/1
U-235. diss, pci/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
0
231
195
104
19
19
2
147
19
129
98
95
31
39
24
68
26
2
112
109
98
0
0
108
94
0
6
37
117
->
j>
7
8
53
0
2
0
0
Pairs Above
Threshold
3
1
2
1
1
•)
->
2
September 30. 1999
B-4
Final Report
-------
Appendix B
P00723
Code
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
00945
01000
01002
01005
01007
01010
01012
01025
01027
01030
01032
01034
01045
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
Parameter Name
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec.. ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Diss. Sulfate, mg/1
Diss. Arsenic, ug/1
Total. Arsenic, ug/1
Dissol. Barium, ug/1
Total Barium, ug/1
Diss Beryllium, ug/1
Total Beryllium, ug/1
Diss Cadmium, ug/1
Total Cadmium, ug/1
Diss chromium, ug/1
Hexval chromium, ug/1
Total chromium, ug/1
Total Iron, ug/1
Diss Iron, ug/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel. ug/I
Total Nickel, ug/1
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226. diss, pci/1
U-238. diss, pci/'I
U-235, diss. pci/1
Hg. diss. ug/1
Hg. Tot. Rec., ug/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
8
55
2
0
0
8
4
4
12
2
4
0
4
2
1
0
2
7
12
0
0
7
8
0
0
9
4
3
1
4
4
0
0
0
0
10
9
Pairs Above
Threshold
o
9
7
->
~>
~>
September 30, 1999
B-5
Final Report
-------
Appendix B
P00945
Code
76001
76002
82303
01000
01002
01005
01007
01010
01012
01025
01027
01030
01032
01034
01045
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
Parameter Name
Radium-226. diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Diss. Arsenic, ug/I
Total, Arsenic, ug/i
Dissol. Barium, ug/1
Total Barium, ug/1
Diss Beryllium, ug/1
Total Beryllium, ug/1
Diss Cadmium, ug/1
Total Cadmium, ug/1
Diss chromium, ug/1
Hexval chromium, ug/1
Total chromium, ug/1
Total Iron, ug/1
Diss Iron, ug/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel, ug/1
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226. diss. pci/1
Radium-226. diss. pci/1
U-238. diss: pci/1
U-235. diss. pci/1
Hg. diss. ug/1
Hg. Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226. diss. pci/1
Radon-222. pci/1
Radon-222. total, pci/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
0
0
0
1185
836
2017
414
231
155
502
355
703
15
871
1688
4730
125
2
1578
4756
2
25
1068
901
106
88
722
266
->
127
16
6
365
420
131
52
51
Pairs Above
Threshold
624
342
24
5
38
20
6
1
845
401
94
875
1179
35
15
7
3
24
1
1
1
2
34
September 30. 1999
B-6
Final Report
-------
Appendix B
„' , ''
'"' ' /'/
POIOOO : ;
P01002
Code
01002
01005
01007
01010
01012
01025
01027
01030
01032
01034
,01045s
01046
01047
01054
01055 :
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01005
01007
01010
01012
Parameter Name -
a- •-.,-
Total, Arsenic, ug/1
Dissl. Barium, ug/1
Total Barium, ug/1
Diss Beryllium, ug/1
Total Beryllium, ug/1
Diss Cadmium, ug/1
Total Cadmium, ug/1
Diss chromium, ug/1
Hexval chromium, ug/1
Total chromium, ug/1
Total Iron, ug/1; .' -',*.- «
Diss Iron, ug/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
:Total manganese, ug/1 ~
Diss manganese,- ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel, ug/1
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/I
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Dissl. Barium, ug/1
Total Barium, ug/1
Diss Beryllium, ug/1
Total Beryllium, ug/1
Co-occurring ,
Pairs •'''.•'•'
315
825
59
92
15
268
66
468
10
155
252
997
0
2
217 , i,,,\';
1038
0
0
459
147
101
•^ ••>
jj
453
98
1
32
5
2
303
95
37
30
29
391
230
62
107
Pairs Above
Threshold
195
9
1
15
4
5
106
17
101
248
,10
2
20
2
2
2
1
26
1
5
September 30, 1999
B-7
Final Report
-------
Appendix 6
P01005
Code --'&
01025
01027
01030
01032
01034
01045
01046
01047
01054
,01055?=
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01007
01010
01012
01025
01027
01030
01032
01034
01045
Parameter Name
••\
Diss Cadmium, ug/1
Total Cadmium, ug/1
Diss chromium, ug/1
Hexval chromium, ug/1
Total chromium, ug/1
Total Iron,.ug/l
Diss Iron, ug/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/i
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel, ug/1
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1 .
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Total Barium, ug/1
Diss Beryllium, ug/1
Total Beryllium, ug/1
Diss Cadmium, ug/1
Total Cadmium, ug/1
Diss chromium, ug/1
Hexval chromium, ug/1
Total chromium, ug/1
Total Iron, ug/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
150
243
164
12
592
658 j • '.
496
0
0
579
504
0
29
213
628
57
100
104
204
1
26
8
^
j
86
308
26
0
0
391
243
148
411
196
648
6
463
698
Pairs Above
Threshold
8
16
4
304
10
256 >
US
6
9
6
1
1
2
2
September 30, 1999
B-8
Final Report
-------
Appendix B
-
P01007
Code V- ,-, ;
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01010
01012
01025
01027
01030
01032
01034
01045
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
Pararaeter.Muiie •, -\;
\\-Ni ^^
Diss Iron, ug/I
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel, ug/1
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Diss Beryllium, ug/1
Total Beryllium, ug/1
Diss Cadmium, ug/1
Total Cadmium, ug/1
Diss chromium, ug/1
Hexval chromium, ug/1
Total chromium, ug/1
Total Iron, ug/1
Diss Iron, ug/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
- Co-occurring
%irs ,x
1914
11
2
641
2030
2
25
1058
474
102
65
384
137
2
121
11
•^
209
162
125
42
41
93
152
76
150
76
2
345
462
390
0
0
454
395
0
25
Pairs Above
Threshold
'
4
4
1
4
September 30, 1999
B-9
Final Report
-------
Appendix 6
-
P01010
Code
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01012
01025
01027
01030
01032
01034
01045
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
'Parameter Name
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel, ug/1
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/I
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Total Beryllium, ug/1
Diss Cadmium, ug/1
Total Cadmium, ug/1
Diss chromium, ug/1
Hexval chromium, ug/1
Total chromium, ug/1
Total Iron, ug/1
Diss Iron, ug/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/I
Total Nickel, ug/1
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/I
Diss Selenium, ug/i
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
133
341
7
39
39
106
0
4
2
1
29
116
4
0
0
74
133
47
82
4
97
117
243
•^
j
2
121
237
0
2
142
102
13
5
34
28
0
5
Pairs Above
Threshold
2
1
18
1
6
4
23
4
24
22
1
September 30, 1999
B-10
Final Report
-------
U.S. t:'PA'h;
.•vla'i
qi.'"in"rs Library
Appendix B
P01012
P01025
Code
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01025
01027
01030
01032
01034
01045
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01027
01030
Parameter Name
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/I
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Diss Cadmium, ug/1
Total Cadmium, ug/1
Diss chromium, ug/1
Hexval chromium, ug/1
Total chromium, ug/1
Total Iron, ug/1
Diss Iron, ug/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel, ug/1
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235. diss, pci/1
Hg, diss. ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Total Cadmium, ug/1
Diss chromium, ug/I
Co-occurring
Pairs
1
0
56
38
3
3
•->
j
28
84
23
4
165
175
154
0
0
175
146
0
20
55
157
2
30
8
45
0
2
1
1
11
89
?
0
0
145
180
Pairs Above
Threshold
1
1
1
4
2
4
1
1
3
1
1
15
6
September 30, 1999
B-ll
Final Report
-------
Appendix B
P01027
Code
*%
01032
01034
01045
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01030
01032
01034
01045
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
Parameter Name
Hexval chromium, ug/1
Total chromium, ug/1
Total Iron, ug/1
Diss Iron, ug/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel, ug/1
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/I
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/I
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Diss chromium, ug/1
Hexval chromium, ug/1
Total chromium, ug/1
Total Iron, ug/1
Diss Iron, ug/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
4
124
241
483
4
1
237
492
0
8
215
123
24
27
109
56
1
9
2
1
113
66
8
4
4
55
4
267
253
247
0
0
262
243
0
24
90
Pairs Above
Threshold /
15
26
21
37
22
6
1
17
6
21
17
•^
September 30, 1999
B-12
Final Report
-------
Appendix B
P01030
Code
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01032
01034
01045
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
Parameter Name
Total Nickel, ug/l
Diss Antimony, ug/l
Total Antimony, ug/l
Diss Selenium, ug/l
Total Selenium, ug/l
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/I
Hg, diss, ug/l
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/l
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Hexval chromium, ug/l
Total chromium, ug/I
Total Iron, ug/l
Diss Iron, ug/l
Ferrous Iron, ug/l
Susp Manganese, ug/I
Total manganese, ug/l
Diss manganese, ug/l
Diss Thallium, ug/l
Total Thallium, ug/l
Diss Nickel, ug/l
Total Nickel, ug/l
Diss Antimony, ug/l
Total Antimony, ug/l
Diss Selenium, ug/l
Total Selenium, ug/l
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/l
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/l
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
266
17
46
20
74
0
4
1
1
26
141
4
0
0
13
188
222
619
3
0
195
675
2
1
472
151
45
32
209
69
0
32
2
1
112
67
32
Pairs Above
Threshold
3
6
6
September 30, 1999
B-13
Final Report
-------
Appendix B
P01032
*
P01034
Code
"1" i;
'•|? s
H
76002
82303
01034
01045
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01045
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
Parameter Name
• i
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Total chromium, ug/1
Total Iron, ug/1
Diss Iron, ug/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel, ug/1
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/I
HO diss, u°/l
O' ' o
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Total Iron, ug/1
Diss Iron, ug/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/I
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel, ug/1
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
1
1
18
15
15
0
0
15
12
1
0
12
15
0
0
6
3
0
0
0
0
4
7
0
0
0
723
568
0
0
678
567
2
20
257
769
39
Pairs Above
Threshold, $ !
<\ * •. £
6
1
6
1
5
September 30, 1999
B-14
Final Report
-------
Appendix B
P01045
P01046
Code
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01046
01047
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01047
01054
01055
Parameter Name
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/I
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Diss Iron, ug/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel, ug/1
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Ferrous Iron, ug/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/I
Co-occurring
Pairs
79
88
169
0
25
7
3
65
336
25
0
0
1434
115
0
1763
1443
2
25
354
789
44
95
117
185
0
18
11
5
92
303
19
0
0
124
2
1362
Pairs Above
Threshold
399
88
1216
705
6
12
2
6
1
1
1
1
94
378
September 30, 1999
B-15
Final Report
-------
Appendix B
* * *f, ,
P01047
Code •"•
%„ ,
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01054
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
Parameter Name
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel, ug/1
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Susp Manganese, ug/1
Total manganese, ug/I
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel, ug/1
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
-Co-occurring
Pairs
^ ^
4702
2
23
1050
572
87
74
484
166
1
125
15
5
342
259
126
22
21
0
118
124
0
0
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
f>airs Above
Threshold ,,
i * '-S ,
659
32
5
1
1
1
89
94
1
September 30, 1999
B-16
Final Report
-------
Appendix B
'--
P01054
P01055
Code ,t%
82303
01055
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01056
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
Parameter Name
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Total manganese, ug/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel, ug/1
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Diss manganese, ug/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel, ug/1
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/I
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Co-occurring
*Patrs
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1387
2
25
327
719
34
80
107
162
0
15
13
5
84
307
16
1
Pairs Above
Threshold
799
10
16
1
6
1
1
2
1
September 30, 1999
B-17
Final Report
-------
Appendix B
* ' \
82303
01057
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01059
01065
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01065
01067
01095
Parameter Name
S -N , \
' f ^ ^
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Diss Thallium, ug/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel, ug/1
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Total Thallium, ug/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel, ug/1
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/I
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Diss Nickel, ug/1
Total Nickel, ug/1
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Co-occurrjng
Pairs ,
1
2
24
1119
587
94
78
514
170
2
122
13
5
338
253
123
24
23
0
2
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
25
0
Pairs Above
Threshold
""" V-
35
11
4
1
2
September 30, 1999
B-18
Final Report
-------
Appendix B
s.<
P01065
P01067
Code
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01067
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01095
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
Parameter Name
V
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Total Nickel, ug/1
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/I
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/I
Diss Antimony, ug/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
23
0
9
0
0
0
0
0
16
0
0
0
306
51
27
274
87
0
92
0
0
109
104
93
"i
j
^
j
45
85
75
143
0
14
9
3
60
320
14
Pairs Above
Threshold
6
2
September 30, 1999
B-19
Final Report
-------
Appendix B
P01095
P01097
P01145
P01147
Code
76002
82303
01097
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01145
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
01147
09510
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
09510
09511
Parameter Name
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Total Antimony, ug/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Diss Selenium, ug/1
Total Selenium, ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Total Selenium, ug/I
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
0
0
21
35
14
0
1
4
2
11
16
1
14
14
20
50
0
4
4
2
10
53
4
0
0
159
2
20
3
1
165
46
26
29
29
0
11
-Pairs ^kboyeK
Threshold* >
'"V: . ' .. ^'
2
1
10
1
1
September 30, 1999
B-20
Final Report
-------
Appendix B
-
P09510
P09511
P22603
P22620
P71890
Code
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
09511
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
22603
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
22620
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
71890
71900
76001
76002
82303
71900
76001
76002
82303
Parameter Name '<
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
U-238, diss, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
U-235, diss, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Hg, diss, ug/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Hg, Tot. Rec., ug/1
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
1
1
41
81
11
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
2
0
0
3
0
6
12
125
1
1
6
0
•->
j
o
j
•~t
j
3
0
1
0
1
1
59
5
4
4
Pairs Above
Threshold
1
September 30, 1999
B-21
Final Report
-------
Appendix B
P71900
P76001
P76002
Code
76001
76002
82303
76002
82303
82303
Parameter Name
Radium-226, diss, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/I
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Radon-222, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Radon-222, total, pci/1
Co-occurring
Pairs
12
0
0
1
1
64
Pairs Above
Threshold
4
September 30, 1999
B-22
Final Report
------- |