ECONOMIC INCENTIVES IN PENDING
ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION
101ST CONGRESS
Prepared by the Regulatory Innovations staff
Office of Policy, Planning & Evaluation
July-20,
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INDEX
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT/GLOBAL WARMING
1. S. 201 World Environment Policy Act of 1989 1
2. S.324 National Energy Policy Act 1
3 . S.333 Global Environmental Protection Act of 1989 3
4. S.676 Global Environmental Protection Act of 1989 3
5. S.603 Global Warming Response Act 3
6. S.928 Global Environmental Protection Assistance Act
Of 1989 4
7. s.1045 National Environmental Policy on International
Financing Act of 1989 4
8. S.1144 [Promotes policies to encourage
"debt-for-conservation" exchanges] 5
9. S.1610 Global Climate Change Prevention Act of 1989 5
10. S.1611 International Climate Change Prevention Act
of 1989 5
11. S.2666 Ozone Protection Funding Act of 1990 6
12. S.J. Res. 101 [Support for Amazon forest conservation]....6
13. H.R.1704 Tropical Forest Protection Act of 1989 6
14. H.Con.Res.44 [Provides for "debt-for-conservation"
exchange 6
15. H.R.5088 [Authorizes "debt-for-conservation" conversion
agreements ] 6
CLEAN AIR (General)
16. S. 816 Toxics Release Prevention Act of 1989 7
17. S. 1490 Clean Air Act Amendments of 1989 7
18. H.R.303 Clean Air Act Amendments of 1989 7
19. S.1630 Clean Air Restoration and Standards Attainment
Act Of 1989...... 8
20. H.R.4 Clean Air Act Amendments of the 101st Congress 9
21. H.R.99 Clean Air Act Amendments of 1989 9
22. H.R.2323 Clean Air Restoration Act of 1989 9
23. H.R.2585 Air Toxics Control Act of 1989 11
ACID RAIN
24. S. 57 National Acid Rain Control Act of 1989 12
25. H.R.144 Acid Rain Abatement Act of 1989 12
26. H.R.2586 Comprehensive Acid Rain Enforcement Act
Of 1989 12
27. H.R.1470 Acid Deposition Control Act of 1989 13
28. H.R.2379 Acid Deposition Act 13
29. H.R.3316 Acid Rain Reduction and Clean Coal Development
Act of 1989 13
30. H.R.2909 Clean Fuels and Environmental Protection
Act of 1989 14
31. H.R.4177 [Imposes tax on discharges of sulfur
dioxide 14
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STRATOSPHERIC OZONE
32 . S.503 Chlorofluorocarbons and Halon Reduction Act ......... 15
33. S.870 Consumer Ozone Protection Act of 1989 ............... 15
34. S.871 Ozone Layer Conservation Act of 1989 ................ 15
35 . S. 1035 Stratospheric Ozone Layer Protection Act ........... 16
36. S.1052 Motor Vehicle Air Conditioner Ozone Depletion
Act [[[ 16
37. H.R.503 [Requires labeling of products containing CFCs]...ie
38. H.R.1112 Ozone Protection and CFC Reduction Act of
1989 [[[ 16
39. H.R.2699 Stratospheric Ozone Protection Act of 1989 ....... 16
RENEWABLE ENERGY
40. S.324 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technology
Competitivenes Act of 1989 ................................ 17
41. S.488 Renewable and Energy Efficiency Technology
Competitiveness Act of 1989 ............................... 17
42. H.R.1216 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technology
Competitiveness Act of 1989 ............................... 17
INDOOR RADON
43. H.R.1362 Radon Gas Tax Relief Act of 1989 ................. 18
44. H.R.1363 Radon Gas Tax Relief Act of 1989 ................. 18
45. S.643 [Allows tax credits for radon reducing measures ..... 18
46. S.894 Radon Mitigation Clarification Act of 1989 .......... 18
47. H.R.2005 [Allows tax credits for radon reducing
measures] ................................................. 18
48 . H.R. 2004 Funding Indoor Radon Abatement Act ........ . ...... 18
49. H.R. 2210 Radon Testing for Safe Schools Act ............... 18
EFFICIENCY
50. S.57 Motor Vehicle Fuel Conservation Act of 1989 .......... 19
51. S.324 Amendment No. 1 Vehicle Energy Efficiency Performance
Standards Act of 1989 ..................................... 19
52 . S . 984 Automobile Fuel Economy Act of 1989 ................. 20
53. S.1058 [Requires fleet phase-in of vehicles using
alternative fuels] ........................................ 20
54. S.1224 Motor Vehicle Fuel Efficiency Act of 1989 .......... 20
55. H.R. 2076 [Imposes a tax on noncomplying vehicle
manufacturers] ............................................ 20
56. H.R. 2269 Alternative Fuels Incentive Act of 1989 .......... 20
57. H.R. 2784 Alternate Fuels Transit Act of 1989 .............. 20
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SOLID/HAZARDOUS WASTE-RECYCLING
60. S.932 National Beverage Containers Reuse and
Recycling Act 22
61. H.R.586 National Beverage Container Reuse and
Recycling Act 22
62 . S. 1181 Consumer Products Recovery Act of 1989 22
63. H.R.2648 Consumer Products Recovery Act of 1989 22
64. S.1763 Newsprint Recycling Incentives Act of 1989 22
65. H.R.3483 Newsprint Recycling Incentives Act of 1989 22
66. S.1764 Newsprint Recycling Act of 1989 23
67. S.1884 National Recyclable commodities Act of 1989 23
68. H.R.3663 National Recyclable Commodities Act of 1989 23
69. H.R.4942 National Recyclable Commodities Act of 1990 23
70. S.1885 National Recyclable Commodities Financing Act
Of 1989 23
71. H.R.3663 National Recyclable Commodities Act of
1989 (Title II) 23
72. H.R.4944 National Recyclable Commodities Financing
Act Of 1990 24
73. S.2408 The Recyclable and Degradable Plastics Labeling
Act of 1990 24
74. S.2462 Tire Recycling Incentives Act of 1990 24
75. H.R.4147 Tire Recycling Incentives Act of 1990 24
76. S.2477 Tire Recycling Promotion Act 24
77. H.R.4321 Tire Recycling Promotion Act 24
78. S.2513 Congressional Recycling Act of 1990 25
79. H.R.4522 Congressional Recycling Act of 1990 25
80. H.R.4523 Congressional Recycling Act of 1990 25
81. S.2518 National Forest Recycled Paper Act of 1990 25
82. S.2643 Federal Paper Separation, Recycling, and
Waste Reduction Act of 1990 25
83. H.R.1593 Used Oil Recycling Act of 1989 25
84. H.R.1691 Recycled Paper Act of 1989 26
85. H.R.1810 Recycling Act 26
86. H.R.2156 Plastic Container Identification Act of 1989 26
87. H.R.2115 Plastic Container Identification Act 26
88. H.R.2853 Battery Recycling and Research Act of 1989 26
89. H.R.2845 Recycling Promotion Act 27
90. H.R.3032 Recycling Act of 1989 27
91. H.R. 3264 Clean Environment Protection Act 27
92. H.R.3735 Waste Materials Management Act of 1989 28
93. H.R.4209 [Tax on newspapers not using recycled
newsprint] 28
94. H.R.4575 Newspaper Recycling Incentives Act of 1990 28
95. H.R.4669 Recycling Grant Act 28
96. H.R.4697 [Grants for recycling equipment] 29
97. H.R.4698 [Investment tax credit for recycling
equipment] 29
98. H.R.4824 [Demonstration grants for community recycling
pro j ects 29
99. H.R.4943 Natural Recyclable Commodities Research Act
of 1990 29
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100. H.Res.385 [Providing for a mandatory recycling program
for the House of Representatives] 29
101. H.Con.Res.304 Congressional Recycled Paper Act 29
SOLID/HAZARDOUS WASTE-SOURCE REDUCTION
102. S.244 Agriculture Commodity Based Plastics Development
Act of 1989 30
103. S.1237 Degradable Commodity Plastics Procurement and
Standards Act of 1989 30
104. S.585 Pollution Prevention Act of 1989 30
105. H.R.1457 Waste Reduction Act 30
106. S.1112 Municipal Solid Waste Source Reduction and
Recycling Act of 1989 30
107. S.1113 Waste Minimization and Control Act of 1989 31
108 S.2049 [Encouraging removal of older model cars
from use ] 32
109. S.2175 Underground Storage Tank Pollution Prevention
and Assistance Act 32
110. H.R.4319 Underground Storage Tank Pollution Prevention
and Assistance Act 32
111. H.R.4577 Undergound Storage Tank Assistance and
Groundwater Protection Act 32
112. S.2148 Small Community Environmental Assistance Act
Of 1990 32
113. S.2468 State Regulations and Management of Solid Waste
Act Of 1990 32
114. H.R.1804 Municipal Solid Waste Reduction Act of 1989 33
115. H.R.2676 Solid Waste Prevention Act 33
116. H.R.4856 [Grants for technical assistance to oppose
issuance of permits] 33
WETLANDS CONSERVATION
117. S.2332 Conservation and Wetlands Enhancement Act
Of 1990 34
118. H.R.1746 Wetlands No Net Loss Act of 1989 34
119. H.R.4528 Wetlands No Net Loss Act of 1989 34
120. H.R.2322 The North American Wetlands Conservation Act 34
121. H.R.4212 Wetlands Conservation Initiative Act of 1990 34
122. H.R.4293 [Establishes a wetlands conservation reserve
prograa 35
123. H.R.4703 Wetlands Restoration and Conservation Act 35
124. H.R.4894 Wetlands Preservation and Restoration Act
of 1990 35
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ECONOMIC INCENTIVES IN PENDING
ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION
101st CONGRESS
Prepared by the Regulatory Innovations Staff
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT/GLOBAL WARMING
S.201 World Environment Policy Act of 1989 (Gore and others!
Establishes a Council on World Environmental Policy, requires
improvement in vehicle fuel efficiency, regulated and requires
the phaseout of ozone depleting substances, provides for
studies of degradable and recyclable substances, prohibits use
of nonrecycled or nonrecyclable material, and promotes
international cooperation in conserving world biodiversity and
the world's forests.
Economic Incentives:
1. Requires that any container or product containing ozone
depleting substances be labeled to indicate that the
substance harms public health and environment by
destroying ozone and disrupting the climate (Sec. 311).
2. Establishes a tax schedule for failure to meet vehicle
fuel economy standards (Sec. 412).
3. Increases "gas guzzler" tax rates (Sec. 421).
4. Requires the Environmental Protection Agency to
distribute a booklet on motor vehicle efficiency to car
dealers (Sec. 415).
5. Requires that vehicle fleets owned and operated by
federal agencies achieve fuel economy standards exceeding
those established for the industry as a whole (Sec. 416).
6. Authorizes tax credits for the purchase of fuel efficient
vehicles (Sec. 422).
S.324 National Energy Policy Act (Wirth and others)
Requires the Secretary of Energy to develop a least-cost
National Energy Plan to reduce global warming, establishes an
Office of Climate Protection in the Department of Energy, and
provides funding and other incentives for research,
development, and demonstration of energy efficiency, renewable
energy sources, second generation nuclear reactors, and
natural gas fueled mass transit systems.
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Economic Incentives:
1. Provides financial support for:
a) research and development projects and joint
ventures for transportation, industrial,
building and community energy efficiency (Sees.
302 and 303);
b) joint ventures for renewable energy sources
such as wind, solar, photovoltaic, biomass,
geothermal and hydrogen fuel cells (Sec. 614) ;
c) second generation nuclear reactors (Sec. 702);
d) projects of mass transit authorities to
demonstrate the feasibility of using natural
gas as a fuel (Title X); and
e) development of projects and programs in
tropical countries to carry out triennial
Forest Plans developed by State, Treasury, AID,
Interior and Agriculture (Sec. 1301).
2. Requires that progress in carrying out Forest Plans be
taken into account in the allocation of development
assistance funds (Sec. 1301).
3. Establishes a Federal standard for utility rate setting
which would permit gas and electric utilities to realize
higher earnings from least-cost supply measures (such as
conservation and demand reduction) (Sec. 311).
4. Instructs the United States representative to each
multilateral development bank to oppose loans and other
financial assistance to countries which do not have a
least-cost energy efficiency plan in place (Sec. 1305)
and conditions all future U.S. contributions to the banks
on their adoption of similar plans (Sec. 1307).
5. Directs the Treasury Department to encourage joint
public/private initiatives to reduce debt owed to U.S.
creditors by developing countries in return for forestry
conservation and energy efficiency policies, and
authorizes the secretary to reduce or extend payments on
the sovereign debt owed to the United States in return
for adoption of such policies (Sec. 1306).
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S.333 Global Environmental Protection Act of 1989 fLeahv and
Jeffords)
S.676 Global Environmental Protection Act of 1989 fBaucus and
others)
Provides for the regulation and elimination of global change
pollutants including chlorofluorocarbons, carbon dioxide,
ground level ozone and methane. In addition, S.333
establishes a National Commission on Inherently Safe Nuclear
Energy.
Economic Incentives:
1. Requires that any containers or products containing ozone
depleting substances be labeled to indicate that the
substance harms public health and environment by
destroying ozone and disrupting the climate (Sec. 112).
2. Directs the Department of Treasury to recommend to
Congress means of encouraging the replacement of central
furnaces, air-conditioners, and water heaters not meeting
emission limits through a system of tax or other
incentives (Sec. 116) .
S.603 Global Warming Response Act fBoschwitz and Gore)
Establishes an Office of Global Warming within the Department
of State to develop and coordinate interagency initiatives on
global warming including economic and technical assistance,
research and measures to heighten international awareness of
climate change.
Economic Incentives:
1. In administering its foreign aid programs, AID is
directed to:
a) develop economic incentives such as grants, subsidies
and land banks, and disincentives such as fines and
denial of assistance, to encourage preservation of
biological diversity (Sec. 202).
b) encourage private investment in projects which
preserve biological diversity (Sec. 202).
c) support projects which protect forest resources (Sec.
403); and
d) support projects which develop and demonstrate energy
conservation and efficiency, reusable alternative
energy resources (Sec. 701 and 704), and energy-
efficient urban mass transit (Sec. 702).
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2. Authorizes the Department of Agriculture to make grants
to non-governmental organizations for both foreign and
domestic efforts for reforestation and forest
preservation. (Sec. 404).
3. Authorizes the Treasury Department to negotiate with
developing countries to reduce public and private debt
owed to creditors in the U.S. in return for improvement
in forestry and energy practices (Sec. 406).
4. Instructs the U.S. Executive Director to the World Bank
to request that energy development loans be made
contingent on a finding that improved energy efficiency
and use of renewable energy resources could not be
included in the project at the same or lower cost (Sec.
204) .
S.928 Global Environmental Protection Assistance Act of 1989 (Title
VI) (Pell)
Provides support for debt-for-nature swaps and urges increased
consideration of environmental effects of development projects.
Economic Incentives:
1. Authorizes grants to non-governmental organizations for
the purchase of discounted commercial debt of foreign
governments under a debt-for-nature agreement and the
cancellation of such debt (Sec. 610).
2. Urges the development of an international institution to
facilitate exchanges of commercial debt for conservation
(Sec. 630).
3. Encourages the United States to initiate negotiations
among member countries of the Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development to increase consideration of
the impact of development projects on global warming, to
increase use of foreign assistance funds in support of
local conservation and to expand forgiveness of foreign
debt in exchange for policies and programs that address
global warming (Sec. 621).
S.1045 National Environmental Policy on International Financing Act
of 1989 f3vnnH8 and others}
Establishes a national environmental policy and goals for
improving the environmental performance of international
development institutions in which the U.S. participates.
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Economic Incentives:
1. Directs U.S. representatives to international foreign aid
agencies to request that environmental impact statements
meeting internationally accepted criteria be submitted
for review prior to voting on loans and to make such
statements available to borrowers, lenders and the public
(Sec. 3).
S.1144 (Kerry. Boschwitz. and Wirth)
Directs the U.S. Executive Director to the International
Monetary Fund to promote policy and administrative measures to
improve management of natural resources, including the
establishment of a program to foster "debt-for-conservation"
exchanges (Sec. 2).
S.1610 Global Climate Change Prevention Act of 1989 (Leahy and
others)
Establishes an Office of Climate Change, provides for a
research program on global warming, encourages international
cooperation, and provides assistance for environmental programs
to ameliorate climate change.
Economic Incentives:
1. Authorizes the Department of Agriculture, when requested
by the Agency for International Development, to provide
assistance to key developing countries in undertaking
forestry management, resource conservation, and
watershed, range, wildlife and fisheries protection and
improvement (Sec. 203).
2. . Authorizes the Department of Agriculture and other
appropriate agencies to provide technical assistance to
tropical countries for the formulation of national
forestry development strategies (Sec. 203).
3. Directs the Department of Agriculture to provide
technical assistance and competitive matching grants to
local governments and nonprofit organizations in the U.S.
to support an urban tree planting program (Sec. 222).
S.1611 International Climate Change Prevention Act of 1989 (Leahy
and others)
Strengthens U.S. foreign assistance activities in tropical
forestry and energy efficiency and encourages cooperation among
nations in providing assistance to developing countries.
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Economic Incentives:
Authorizes the Agency for International Development to provide
funds and technical assistance in key developing countries to
support tropical forestry, resources management and energy
efficiency programs aimed at reducing emissions of greenhouse
gases (Sees. 201 and 402).
S.2666 Ozone Protection Funding Act of 1990 (Gore and others)
Authorizes appropriations to the Department of State to assist
developing nations to comply with the Montreal Protocol on
Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layers including
contributions to an international account.
S.J. Res. 101 (Chafee and others)
Declares that it is the policy of the United States to
encourage Brazil to conserve Amazon forest resources and to
reduce unsound development resulting from external debt burden.
Economic Incentives:
Encourages the United States to provide support for Amazon
forest conservation through international financing,
environmental assessments and other measures.
H.R. 1704 Tropical Forest Protection Act of 1989 (Porter and
others)
H. Con. Res. 44 (Bates and others)
Provides for the reduction of debt owed by developing nations
in return for steps taken to protect tropical rain forests and
other natural resources.
H.R.5088 (Kostmayer and others)
Authorizes "debt-for-nature" conversion agreements with
countries in the Western Hemisphere.
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CLEAN AIR (General)
S.816 Toxics Release Prevention Act of 1989 (Durenbercrer and
others)
Establishes programs for the control of hazardous air
pollutants from stationary or mobile sources and catastrophic
accidents.
Economic Incentives:
Authorizes grants to states to assist in developing and
implementing programs to control air toxics (Section 2).
S.1490 Clean Air Act Amendments of 1989 (Chafee and others)
H.R. 3030 Clean Air Act Amendments of 1989 (Dincrell and other si
The Administration bill establishes procedures for State and
EPA action, including State and Federal implementation plans
following promulgation of national ambient air quality
standards, provides sanctions and penalties for nonattainment,
and authorizes a number of market and economic incentives as
alternatives or supplements to current measures.
Economic Incentives:
1. Authorizes use of economic incentives such as fees or
auctions to regulate the emissions of volatile organic
compounds from consumer or commercial products (Sec.
103) .
2. Directs EPA to establish a program of emissions trading
for auto makers and fuel pooling for fuel refiners to
encourage the development of alternative control measures
(Section 218).
3. Establishes an emissions allowance system including the
transfer and banking of allowances to assist utilities
in achieving emissions reductions (Sec. 501).
4. Authorizes use of economic sanctions such as bans on
construction and issuance of permits, denial of grant
assistance, moratoriums on highway projects, fees per ton
of emissions, and bans on water hookups for nonattainment
of required state implementation plans or permit programs
(Sees. 102 and 103).
5. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission is directed to
adopt utility regulations as a demonstration program
which include an incentive rate of return and a 10 to 20
year amortization period for innovative emissions control
technologies (Sec. 501).
7
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S.1630 Clean Air Restoration and Standards Attainment Act of 1989
CBaucus and others)
Establishes measures to reduce emissions from stationary
sources and motor vehicles in ozone, carbon monoxide, and
particulate matter nonattainment areas. Provides sanctions for
noncompliance.
Economic Incentives:
1. Establishes a graduated system of stationary source
emission fees for particulate matter, carbon monoxide and
ozone nonattainment areas. The amount of the fee is
determined by the volume of emissions. All revenues from
fees are to be used by state or local pollution control
agencies to develop and implement air pollution control
programs (Sees. 107, 108 and 109).
2. Establishes the following range of penalties in
nonattainment areas for failure to submit or implement
an approvable plan or to achieve required emissions
reductions: a) a ban on construction of major new sources
of air pollution, b) limitations on highway funding, c)
discretionary withholding of State air grants, d)
increases in emission fees (Sees. 107, 108 and 109).
3. Requires States to impose auto registration fees in ozone
and carbon monoxide nonattainment areas with the proceeds
to be used to develop and implement air pollution control
programs (Sees. 107 and 108).
4. Provides for a system of tradable, enforceable emissions
reductions that can be used to offset increased emissions
from new or modified major stationary sources in
nonattainment areas (Sec. 106).
5. Authorizes the regulation of ozone precursors through
labeling and fees applicable to the manufacture,
distribution, use, consumption, or disposal of consumer
or commercial products in ozone nonattainment areas (Sec.
107).
6. Requires employers who fail to achieve the required
average passengers per vehicle for work trips by
employees to pay a fee of $50 for each employee parking
space provided or subsidized (Sec. 108).
7. Requires any retailer of oxygenated fuel to label the
pumps to indicate that the fuel is oxygenated and will
reduce carbon monoxide emissions from motor vehicles
(Sec. 218).
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H.R. 4 Clean Air Act Amendments of the 101st Congress
Establishes a program for the control of hazardous air
pollutants from stationary sources.
Economic Incentives:
Authorizes grants to states and localities to assist in
developing and implementing programs to control air toxics
(Sec. 2)
H.R. 99 Clean Air Act Amendments of 1989 (Swift and Others)
Provides for improved monitoring and air quality data, grants
deadline extensions for areas not meeting standards, prescribes
control measures for ozone and carbon monoxide non-attainment
areas and for mobile sources, and establishes penalties for the
failure to enforce state implementation plans.
Economic Incentives:
1. Permits stationary sources to satisfy emissions reduction
requirements by obtaining enforceable emission reductions
from other sources such as mobile or area sources or
transportation (Sec. 114) .
2. Provides for the assessment of a $2,000 fine per ton of
VOC emissions on stationary sources emitting more than
25 tons per year, in the event that SIP revisions are
disapproved.
3. Requires EPA to disapprove any projects or grants in a
state which fails to implement SIPs for ozone or carbon
monoxide nonattainment areas (Sees. 115 and 125)
4. Authorizes EPA to request the Department of
Transportation to deny approval to certain projects and
grants for failure to comply with requirements governing
ozone and carbon monoxide nonattainment areas (Sees. 114
and 124).
H.R. 2323 Clean Air Restoration Act of 1989 (Waxman and others)
Grants deadline extensions for areas not meeting the Clean Air
Act Quality standards if control measures are adopted for
pollution from automobiles and local stationary sources;
defines emission reduction requirements for classes of ozone,
carbon monoxide and particulate matter nonattainment areas and
for mobile sources; establishes a timetable for submission and
approval or disapproval of state implementation plans; and
requires or authorizes the use of market incentives in
nonattainment areas.
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Economic Incentives:
1. Requires a minimum state fee on stationary sources with
annual emissions of volatile organic compounds or
nitrogen oxides exceeding 25 tons; revenues would be used
to reimburse the states for the cost of administering
enforcement strategies for ozone nonattainment areas
(Sec. 201).
2. Provides that "severe" ozone nonattainment areas may, and
areas classified as extreme must, adopt an economic
incentive program which may include emission fees;
marketable permits; fees on the sale, import or
manufacture of products which contribute to ozone
formation; and incentive to reduce vehicle miles
travelled (Sec. 201).
3. Requires that funds generated by incentive programs be
used to assist in developing pollution control
technologies, to encourage companies to achieve emissions
reductions, or to cover the administrative costs of state
programs (Sec. 201).
4. For "serious" and "severe" carbon monoxide nonattainment
areas, allows SIP revisions to include a system of
marketable credits for the use of fuels containing higher
oxygen levels than SIP requires (Sec. 301).
5. For severe carbon monoxide nonattainment areas, requires
that SIP revisions provide for a five dollar annual
vehicle registration fee; revenues are to be used by the
state air pollution control agency to develop carbon
monoxide emission reduction strategies (Sec. 201).
6. Prohibits Federal grants to a state for transportation
projects in severe carbon monoxide nonattainment areas
unless EPA has determined that transportation planning
within the area includes use of all reasonably available
techniques for reducing vehicle emissions (Sec. 301).
7. Provides that, if a state fails to comply with the SIP
revisions requirements for carbon monoxide and
particulate matter nonattainment areas, the Secretary of
Transportation may not approve any projects in the area
or make any grants except for mass transit or air quality
improvements (Sec. 301).
8. For serious carbon monoxide nonattainment areas which
fail to meet required emission reduction milestones, the
state is required to submit a SIP revision including a
program of incentives and requirements to reduce vehicle
miles travelled in the area (Sec. 301).
10
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9. For small particulate natter nonattainment areas, SIP
revisions may include economic incentives applicable to
both stationary and mobile sources (Sec. 401).
H.R. 2585 Air Toxics Control Act of 1989 fLeland and others1
Establishes programs for the control of several types of
hazardous air pollutants: toxic emissions from industrial
sources and motor vehicles, accidental releases, releases from
small "area" sources, and releases affecting the Great Lakes.
Economic Incentives:
Authorizes grants to states and localities to assist in
developing and implementing a program under the act (Sec. 2).
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ACID RAIN
S.57 National Acid Rain Control Act of 1989 (Kerry and Kennedy)
Establishes a program to control certain sources of sulfur
dioxide and nitrogen oxides to reduce acid deposition.
Economic Incentives:
1. Establishes a kilowatt hour fee schedule applicable to
all electricity generated using fossil fuel in each state
based on the average sulfur dioxide emission rate for the
state (Sec. 101).
2. Provides that the funds produced by such fees shall be
used: to reimburse owners of generating facilities for
capital costs of sulfur dioxide reduction over and above
the federally mandated reduction; for accelerated
research on cleaner burning industrial processes; and for
payments to states toward the costs of programs to
mitigate damage from acid rain (Sec. 101).
H.R. 144 Acid Rain Abatement Act of 1989 (Cooper)
H.R. 2586 Comprehensive Acid Rain Enforcement Act of 1989
(Bilirakis)
Requires reduction of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide
emissions, provides for SIP revisions, and provides assistance
for development of clean coal technologies.
1. Authorizes states to impose penalties for noncompliance
on generating units, to be based on the rate of sulfur
dioxide emissions (Sec. 2).
2. Authorizes state implementation plans to require
commitments by utilities to provide financial incentives
to rate payers for use of energy efficient appliances
(Sec. 2).
3. Imposes a noncompliance penalty on fossil fueled
generating units for state failure to submit a SIP and
for failure of generator units to comply with
requirements of the act; amount of penalty is based on
the rate of sulfur dioxide emissions in the state (sec.
2).
4. Authorizes SIPs to provide for trading of emission
reduction credits among electric utility units (Sec. 2).
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5. Directs the Department of Energy to enter into contracts
or cooperative agreements for cost sharing or to provide
grants for the construction and operation of electric
generating facilities which utilize clean coal
technologies (Sec. 2)
H.R. 1470 Acid Deposition Control Act of 1989 fSikorski and others)
Establishes performance standards for control of sulfur dioxide
and nitrogen oxide emissions from stationary sources powered
by fossil fuels, including utility and industrial boilers;
provides for state implementation plans, and establishes
maximum emission rates for nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons
from motor vehicles.
Economic Incentives:
1. Establishes a fee on all utilities using fossil fuels to
generate electricity; authorizes the use of revenues from
such fees to help subsidize rate increases that are
needed to pay for required emissions reductions (Sec.
101) .
2. Authorizes EPA to provide financial assistance to
utilities to encourage the use of innovative technologies
to control emissions from fossil fuels (Sec. 101).
3. Permits EPA to impose a fee, at the request of a state,
on the generation of electricity within that state for
the purpose of promoting use of innovative technologies
(Sec. 101).
H.R. 2379 Acid Deposition Act (Solomon)
Establishes an acid deposition impact region consisting of 31
states and the District of Columbia, requires states within the
region to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions and establishes a
research and evaluation program to examine the pattern of
effects of pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen
oxides.
Econoaic Incentive:
Authorizes the trading of emission reduction credits (on a
state or regional basis) and the establishment of emission
reduction banks or brokerage institutions (Sec. 101).
H.R. 3316 Acid Rain Reduction and Clean Coal Development Act of
1989 (Poshardl
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H.R. 2909 clean Fuels and Environmental Protection Act of 1989
(Bruce)
Establishes a program to reduce annual emissions of sulfur
dioxide from certain fossil fuel fired electric utility
generating units without contributing to energy disruptions and
while encouraging continued use of all fossil fuels.
Economic Incentives:
1. Authorizes states to provide for trading of emission
reduction credits among electric utilities (Sec. 2).
2. Requires EPA to levy a per kilowatt hour fee on utilities
emitting sulfur dioxide or nitrogen dioxide or importing
electric energy into the United States with the provision
that States with lower emissions will have a lower fee.
The proceeds will go into a Fund to reimburse electric
utilities for installation of fuel gas desulfurization
or other clean coal technology or energy conservation
measures (Sec. 2).
3. Requires States and EPA to collect penalties based on
volume of emissions from stationary sources which fail
to comply with emission limitations (Sec. 2).
4. Permits utilities with energy conservation programs to
apply any emission reductions resulting from conservation
as credits against the total reduction required under the
act (Sec. 2) .
5. Requires that State compliance plans include utility
commitments to provide financial incentives to rate
payers for the use of energy efficient appliances (Sec.
2).
6. Authorizes the Department of Energy to make grants to
fossil-fueled steam generating units for the use of clean
coal technology, conservation measures, or renewable
resource technology (Sec. 2).
H.R.4177 (Stark and Downey)
Imposes a per pound tax on discharges of sulfur dioxide by electric
utility generating units.
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STRATOSPHERIC OZONE
S.503 Chlorofluorocarbons and Halon Reduction Act: (Baucus and
Chafee)
Establishes a freeze on the production of ozone-depleting
substances, imposes a tax and import charge on such substances,
and set-up a research grant program.
Economic Incentives:
1. Imposes a production and importation fee on CFCs and
halon designed to smoothe the transition to more costly
substitutes and to remove any incentive to continue
producing CFCs (Sec. 5) .
2. Establishes a grant program to assist public and private
organizations in developing alternatives to CFCs and
halon (Sees. 7, 9 & 10).
S.870 Consumer Ozone Protection Act of 1989 (Gore)
Requires labeling and regulates the sale, use and distribution
of consumer products that contain substances which deplete
stratospheric ozone.
Economic Incentives:
1. Directs the Secretary of Commerce to develop a
Chlorofluorocarbon and Halon Reclamation Plan including
an assessment of the potential use of a deposit-refund
system to encourage return of ozone-depleting substances
(Sec. 9).
2. Requires labeling of any consumer product containing
substance listed in the Act (Sec. 8).
S.871 Ozone Layer Conservation Act of 1989 (Gore)
Imposes an excise tax on the manufacture of certain ozone-
depleting chemicals and allocates some of the receipts to a
trust fund for developing less harmful alternatives.
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S.1035 Stratospheric Ozone Layer Protection Act fJeffords and
Leahy)
S.1052 Motor Vehicle Air Conditioner Ozone Depletion Act (Kerry.
Leahy and Gore)
Regulates the sale and servicing of motor vehicle air
conditioners, prohibits the sale of motor vehicles containing
an air conditioner using CFCs and directs EPA to conduct a
study of retrieval, storage, and reuse of CFCs.
Economic Incentives:
Requires labeling of CFC coolants to indicate the potential
risks to stratospheric ozone (Sec. 2).
H.R. 503 fStark and others)
Requires that any product containing specified types of CFCs
be labeled to indicate the potential risks to stratospheric
ozone.
H.R. 1112 Ozone Protection and CFC Reduction Act of 1989 (Stark and
other)
Amends the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to impose an excise
tax, to be paid by the manufacturer, on the sale of chemicals
which deplete the ozone layer and products containing such
chemicals.
H.R. 2699 Stratospheric Ozone Protection Act of 1989 (Bates and
others)
Establishes a schedule for the phased reduction of substances
which contribute to depletion of stratospheric ozone.
Economic Incentives:
Requires that any product containing an ozone-depleting
substance be labeled to indicate that the substance may harm
public health and the environment (Sec. 3).
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RENEWABLE ENERGY
S.324 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technology
Competitiveness Act of 1989 (Title VI. Subtitle B) (Wirth and
others)
S.488 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technology
Competitiveness Act of 1989 (Fowler and others)
H.R. 1216 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technology
Competitiveness Act of 1989 (Sharp and others)
Provides for a program of Federal leadership and financial
assistance for research and public/private partnerships to
demonstrate the commercial feasibility of renewable energy
technologies.
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INDOOR RADON
H.R. 1362 Radon Gas Tax Relief Act of 1989 (Schroeder and others!
H.R. 1363 Radon Gas Tax Act of 1989 (Sensenbrenner)
Amends the Internal Revenue Code to provide tax relief (in the
form of income tax credits or deductions) to property owners
who take measures to prevent radon from entering their building
or homes.
s.643 (Conrad)
Amends the Internal Revenue Code to allow individuals a credit
against their income tax liability for expenditures in
connection with reducing radon contaminants in their homes.
S.894 Radon Mitigation Clarification Act of 1989 (Lautenbera and
others)
H.R. 2005 (Gordon)
Allows expenditures for home improvements to mitigate radon gas
exposure to qualify as federal tax-deductible medical expenses.
H.R. 2004 Funding Indoor Radon Abatement Act (Gordon)
H.R. 2210 Radon Testing for Safe Schools Act (Gordon)
Provides loans and grants to states and local education
agencies for assessment of radon levels in schools (H.R. 2210
and 1004} and for mitigation efforts (H.R. 2004).
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VEHICLE EFFICIENCY
S.57 Motor Vehicle Fuel Conservation Act of 1989 fTitle III) (Kerry
and Kennedy)
Establishes new fuel economy standards for motor vehicles, a
fee schedule for failure to meet standards, and incentives to
encourage purchase and use of fuel-efficient vehicles.
Economic Incentives:
1. Establishes a system of fees for failure to meet fuel
economy standards and dedicates 50% of the proceeds for
grants to conduct vehicle fuel conservation research
(Sec. 311).
2. Requires that the average fuel economy for vehicle fleets
acquired by Federal agencies meet standards exceeding
those established for the industry at large (Sec.302).
3. Increases "gas guzzler" tax rates (Sec. 319).
4. Authorizes tax credits for purchase of fuel-efficient
vehicles (Sec. 319).
5. Requires EPA to issue an updated booklet on motor vehicle
fuel efficiency every six months and distribute the guide
to car dealers (Sec. 314).
S.324 Amendment No. 1 Vehicle Energy Efficiency Performance
Standards Act of 1989 fWirth and Heinz)
Establishes new vehicle fuel efficiency standards; provides for
taxes on automobile manufacturers which fail to meet the
standards, and provides tax credits to buyers for the purchase
of fuel-efficient vehicles (Sees. 012 and 022) .
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S.984 Automobile Fuel Economy Act of 1989 (Metzenbaum and Others)
Establishes a graduated schedule of fuel economy standards for
motor vehicles with increased penalties on manufacturers for
noncompliance. The size of the penalties depends on the extent
to which fuel economy falls below required standards.
S.1058 (Bingaman)
In ozone and CO nonattainment areas, requires federal agencies
maintaining vehicle fleets to phase-in the use of vehicles
powered by alternative fuels; this would create a guaranteed
market for such fuels.
s.1224 Motor Vehicle Fuel Efficiency Act of 1989 (Bryan and Others!
Establishes a guaranteed schedule of fuel economy standards for
motor vehicles.
Economic Incentives:
1. Authorizes higher noncompliance penalties for repeated
violations (Sec. 13).
2. Requires the Secretary of Energy to distribute a booklet
on motor vehicle fuel efficiency to dealers (Sec. 11).
H.R. 2076 (Boxer and others)
Provides for the improvement of consumer information regarding
vehicle fuel efficiency and imposes a tax (in lieu of a
penalty) on noncomplying vehicle manufacturers.
H.R. 2269 Alternative Fuels Incentive Act of 1989 (Andrews and
Others)
Provides investment tax credits for installation of equipment
to permit vehicles to run on clean burning fuel, for the fuel
system of new vehicles so equipped and for refueling station
equipment needed for delivering such fuels.
H.R. 2784 Alternate Fuels Transit Act of 1989 (Wise)
Requires that buses purchased with Federal funds be fueled with
alcohol, natural gas or LP gas.
H.R.3906 Energy and Environmental Security Act of 1990 fDurbin and
others)
Extends for ten more years the excise tax reductions on, and
tax credit for, alcohol fuel mixtures, establishes minimum
oxygen content of motor fuels, and requires a study of aromatic
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compounds in gasoline.
H.R.4301 (Starkl
Increases the fuel economy standards for the gas guzzler tax
and increases the tax rate.
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SOLID/HAZARDOUS WASTE-RECYCLING
S.932 National Beverage Container Reuse and Recycling Act (Hatfield
and Jeffords)
H.R. 586 National Beverage Container Reuse and Recycling Act (Henry
and others)
Provides for a national system of deposit fees and refunds on
beverage containers.
S.1181 Consumer Products Recovery Act of 1989 (Wirth and Heinz)
H.R. 2648 Consumer Products Recovery Act of 1989 (Torres and
others)
Requires producers and importers of oil to recycle an annually
increasing percentage of used oil, establishes a management and
tracking system, requires the establishment of a recycled oil
credit system and provides for the phase-in of recycling
incentives for other products.
Economic Incentives:
1. Directs EPA to establish a system of marketable credits
to assist providers or importers of oil in meeting the
recycling percentage requirements (Sec. 3).
2. Directs EPA, within two years, to develop a plan to
promote recycling of newspapers, tires, lead acid
batteries, pesticide containers, antifreeze and certain
volatile organic compounds using incentives such as a
system of credits or deposits (Sec. 3).
S.1763 Newsprint Recycling Incentives Act of 1989 (Heinz and Wirth)
H.R. 3483 Newsprint Recycling Incentives Act of 1989 (Torres and
others)
Requires producers and importers of newsprint to recycle a
certain percentage of newsprint each year and establishes a
system of marketable recycling credits.
Economic Incentives:
Establishes a system under which producers or importers of
newsprint may create marketable credits for newsprint recyling
(Sec. 3).
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S.1764 Newsprint Recycling Act of 1989 (Boschwitzl
Requires consumers of newsprint to use a certain percentage of
recycled paper and establishes a recycling tradable permit
system.
Economic Incentives:
Establishes a system under which consumers of newsprint may
create marketable credits for newsprint recycling which may be
used to meet recycling requirements (Sec. 4).
S.1884 National Recyclable Commodities Act of 1989 (Corel
H.R. 3663 National Recyclable Commodities Act of 1989 (Florio and
others)
H.R.4942 National Recyclable Commodities Act of 1990 (Sikorski)
Establishes a Bureau of Recyclable commodities in the
Department of Commerce and directs the Department to promote
the use of recycled materials by encouraging domestic and
foreign markets, establishing standards and labeling
requirements for recycled materials, and establishing standards
for Federal procurement of products containing recycled
materials.
Economic Incentives:
1. Requires labeling of packages and nondurable goods to
indicate characteristics relating to recycling (Sec. 8).
2. Requires Federal procurement of certain designated items
containing the highest percentage of recycled materials
practicable, defines an "unreasonable" price for the
purchase of such items as a price more than 10% higher
than that of alternative items, and requires Federal
agencies to establish a recovered materials preference
program (Sec. 9).
3. Directs the Department to conduct a domestic advertising
campaign to promote recycling and purchase of recycled
goods and a program to promote the export of recyclable
commodities (Sec. 10 and 12).
S.1885 National Recyclable Commodities Financing Act of 1989 (Gore)
H.R. 3663 National Recyclable Commodities Act of 1989 (Title II)
(Florio and others)
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H.R.4944 National Recyclable Commodities Financing Act of 1990
fSikorski)
Amends the Internal Revenue Code to provide an investment tax
credit for remanufacturing equipment and authorizes tax exempt
bonds for municipal recycling facilities.
Economic Incentives:
1. Authorizes the use of tax exempt bonds to finance
municipal recycling facilities (Sec. 2).
2. Authorizes a 15% investment tax credit for
remanufacturing equipment used to produce secondary fiber
or paper board and recycled rubber products (Sec. 3).
S.2408 The Recyclable and Degradable Plastics Labeling Act of 1990
(Glenn)
Requires EPA to issue regulations for the labeling of plastic
containers to identify the plastic resin used in their
manufacture to facilitate recycling (Sec. 3).
S.2462 Tire Recycling Incentives Act of 1990 (Wirth and Heinz)
H.R.4147 Tire Recycling Incentives Act of 1990 (Torres and others)
Requires producers or importers of tires to recycle annually
a percentage of their production or imports as established by
EPA and requires states to incorporate minimum management
standards for scrap tire recycling programs in their plans and
to establish permit systems and inspections.
Economic Incentives:
Provides that recyclers of tires may create recycling credits
and that the annual recycling requirement can be met by
producers or importers either by recycling or retreading tires
or by purchasing credits (Sec. 3).
S.2477 Tire Recycling Promotion Act (Pell)
H.R.4321 Tire Recycling Promotion Act fHochbrueckner)
Establishes a Director of Recycling Research and Information
in the Department of Commerce.
Economic Incentives:
Authorizes the Director to make grants to public and private
entities for studies on managing, recycling and reclaiming
waste tires (Sec. 3).
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H.R.2513 Congressional Recycling Act of 1990 (Boschwitz)
H.R.4522 Congressional Recycling Act of 1990 (Bingaman)
H.R.4523 Congressional Recycling Act of 1990 fAnderson and Kleczkal
Directs Congressional staff to assure that to the greatest
extent possible, recycled paper and paper products are used in
Congressional operations (Sec. 2).
S.2518 National Forest Recycled Paper Act of 1990 (Binaamanl
Directs the General Services Administration to make paper with
recycled content available to the Department of Agriculture and
other agencies on request and directs the Department to conduct
a one year experiment with the Forest Service to use recycled
paper in its operations (Sec. 3).
S.2643 Federal Paper Separation Recycling, and Waste Reduction Act
of 1990 (Brvan and Reid)
Directs Federal agencies and Congress to take action to improve
waste source reduction and recycling of paper products which
they use.
Economic Incentives:
1. Directs EPA to promulgate requirements for separation of
paper for recycling by Congress and Federal agencies and
authorizes the deposit of funds received from the sale
of paper for recycling in a revolving fund. (Sees. 3 and
4).
2. Directs EPA to promulgate requirements for the
procurement of paper products with recycled content by
Congress and Federal Agencies (Sees. 5 and 6).
H.R. 1593 Used Oil Recycling Act of 1989 rskeltonl
Encourages the recycling of used oil, prohibits its listing
as a hazardous substance, directs EPA to establish management
standards and develop educational activities, establishes a
permit system for used oil processing facilities, and requires
a preference in Federal purchase for used oil fuel.
Economic Incentives:
The Administrator is directed to propose regulations for the
procurement of used oil fuel by Federal agencies (Sec. 6).
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H.R. 1691 Recycled Paper Act of 1989 fGeldensonl
Imposes a tax on the sale of paper products that do not
contain the minimum amount of recovered materials required
under EPA guidelines.
H.R. 1810 Recycling Act (Collins and others)
Establishes a preference for recycled products in Federal
procurement and construction, provides for Federal and
state/local recycling programs/ and authorizes loans, grants
and technical assistance programs.
Economic Incentives:
1. Establishes a preference for recycled paper in Federal
procurement and construction projects (Sec. 3).
2. Requires State and local governments to demonstrate that
they have effective recycling programs in order to
qualify for Federal assistance for solid waste facilities
(Sec. 5).
3. Authorizes loans, loan guarantees, grants and technical
assistance for recycling operations and educational
programs (Sec. 6) .
4. Directs governmental involvement in the development of
domestic and international markets for recycled products
(Sec. 8).
5. Requires that specified plastics be coded to facilitate
recycling (Sec. 9).
H.R. 2156 Plastic Container Identification Act of 1989 fSnowel
H.R. 2115 (Brennanl
Establishes a Federal requirement for the marking and coding
of plastic containers to facilitate recycling.
H.R. 2853 Battery Recycling and Research Act of 1989 (Hochbrueckner
and others)
Requires the recycling of lead-acid batteries and orders a
study of the disposal of used household dry-cell batteries.
Economic Incentives:
Requires retailers to accept, without charge, used lead-acid
batteries equal to the quantities sold and to post notices
regarding the legal requirements and the guarantee that used
batteries will be accepted without charge (Sec. 3).
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H.R. 2845 Recycling Promotion Act fWyden and others^
Promotes markets for recycled products, encourages state and
local solid waste planning and establishes new standards for
consumer packaging to facilitate recycling.
Economic Incentives:
1. Directs the Secretary of Commerce to gather information
on use of recovered materials and coordinate Federal
recycling related business promotion efforts (Sec. 2).
2. Encourages Federal agencies to purchase recycled
materials (Sec. 2).
3. Requires that recyclable containers be coded to
facilitate recycling (Sec. 9) .
4. Establishes system for the return to retailers or
distributors, at no charge to the customer, of used
batteries and other products which pose a health or
environmental hazard (Sec. 10).
5. Encourages Federal agencies to recycle waste products by
allowing funds obtained from their sale to be credited
to the agency's budget (Sec. 5).
H.R. 3032 Recycling Act of 1989 rcourterl
Establishes research and demonstration programs to promote
recycling.
Economic Incentives:
Authorizes grants to States and local governments to cover the
Federal share of the costs of recycling demonstration programs
(Sec. 6).
H.R. 3264 Clean Environment Protection Act (McDade)
Prohibits the disposal of solid waste outside the States in
which it was generated, requires a refund for the return of
beverage containers, provides for a study of degradable
materials and recycling and establishes an office of recycling
research and information in the Department of Commerce.
Economic Incentives:
Requires that all carbonated beverage containers have a refund
value which will be paid by retailers to consumers (Sec. 3).
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H.R. 3735 Waste Materials Management Act of 1989 (Luken and others)
Declares national policy to encourage the reduction and
recycling of solid and hazardous waste including the use of
economic incentives; amends RCRA provisions governing the
regulation of waste, including batteries, used oil and storage
tanks; establishes guidelines and minimum requirements for
state solid waste management plans and authorizes grant
programs.
Economic Incentives:
1. Declares national policy to encourage reduction and
recycling of solid and hazardous waste including the use
of economic incentives and measures to strengthen markets
for recycled materials (Sec. 101) .
2. Requires recycling of used lead-acid batteries and
requires dealers to accept used batteries from customers
at no cost (Sec. 108).
3. Requires recycling of used oil and establishes marketable
used oil recycling credits that can be purchased by
producers or importers of oil to meet recycling
requirements (Sec. 208).
4. Requires Federal procurement of certain designated items
containing the highest percentage of recoverable
materials practicable, and requires Federal agencies to
establish a recovered materials preference program (Sec.
801) .
5. Authorizes Federal agencies which sell material or energy
recovered from solid waste to retain the receipts from
such sales for the operations of the agency (Sec. 1001).
H.R.4209 (Donnelly)
Amends the internal Revenue Code to impose an additional tax
on income derived from publishing newspaper which do not use
recycled newsprint.
H.R.4575 Newspaper Recycling Incentives Act of 1990 (Slaughter)
Provides a tax credit to publishers of newspapers who use
recycled newsprint (Sec. 2).
H.R.4669 Recycling Initiatives Grant Act (Slaughter)
Authorizes a grant program administered by EPA for research
on, or the development of innovative techniques for, the
recycling of solid waste (Sec. 3).
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H.R.4697 fVolkmer}
Authorizes EPA to provide grants for 25% of the cost of
purchasing recycling equipment (Sec. 1).
H.R.4698 fVolkmer)
Provides a 25% investment tax credit for the purchase of
equipment to make operations compatible with the use of
recycled materials (Sec. 1).
H.R.4824 (Traficantl
Authorizes EPA to make grants for demonstration programs of
community recycling projects (Sec. 1).
H.R. National Recyclable Commodities Research Act of 1990
(Sikorskil
Directs the Department of Commerce to make grants to
institutions of higher education to establish not less than
4 or more than 9 recycling research centers to conduct
research into innovative processes, specifications and test
methods, potential markets, and composition of municipal
refuse. Authorizes the centers to enter into contracts with
companies and nonprofit organizations engaged in recycling
(Sec. 2).
H.Res.385 (Grant)
Directs the Architect of the Capitol to establish a program
for recycling paper, metal, glass and other recyclable
materials.
H.Con.Res. 304 Concessional Recycled Paper Act (Boxer)
Directs that action be taken to ensure that only recycled
paper is purchased for use by Congress (Sec. 2).
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SOLID/HAZARDOUS WASTE-SOURCE REDUCTION
S.244 Agriculture Commodity Based Plastics Development Act of 1989
(Glenn)
S.1237 Dearadable Commodity Plastics Procurement and Standards Act
of 1989 (Glenn)
Requires the General Services Administration to encourage the
use of agricultural commodity-based biodegradable plastics.
In addition, S.1237 establishes an Interagency Council on
Biodegradable Standards.
Economic Incentives:
Provides that in awarding competitive bids for products GSA
shall consider factors in addition to price and performance
that will make the use of degradable plastics technology
advantageous. Such factors should include the increased
market for agricultural products and benefits to the
environment and the long-term energy independence of the U.S.
(Sec. 4).
S.585 Pollution Prevention Act of 1989 (Lautenberg and others)
H.R. 1457 Waste Reduction Act (Wolpe and others)
Directs the Administrator of EPA to develop and implement a
strategy to promote source reduction through research,
training, grants, data collection, information exchange and
the establishment of a new office of pollution prevention.
Economic Incentives:
1. Directs EPA to make recommendations to Congress to
eliminate barriers to source reduction, including
proposals for the use of incentives and disincentives
(Sec. 4).
2. Directs EPA to identify opportunities to use Federal
procurement to encourage source reduction (Sec. 4).
3. Establishes a program of grants to states to provide
technical assistance to businesses and financial aid for
research, development and demonstration (Sec. 5).
S.1112 Municipal Solid Waste Source Reduction and Recycling Act of
1989 (Chafee and others)
Establishes a national waste management policy giving priority
to source reduction. Establishes an Office of Waste Reduction
within EPA and directs EPA to promulgate national packaging
standards, regulate the use of hazardous constituents in
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packaging, and develop information and education programs.
Economic Incentives:
1. Directs EPA to develop a national recycling seal to
identify recyclable products for consumer information and
a standardized label identifying the plastic resin used
to produce products to facilitate recycling (Sec. 106).
2. Broadens the provisions of the Solid Waste Disposal Act
to facilitate Federal procurement of recycled products
(Sec. 111).
3. Establishes a grant program for states, localities and
businesses to support research on recycled product
development (Sec. 115).
4. Directs the Secretary of Commerce to assist exporters in
identifying foreign markets and securing favorable
financial terms for recycled and recyclable products
(Sec. 116).
S.1113 Waste Minimization and Control Act of 1989 (Baucus and
others)
Complements S.1112, states similar national policy, and
establishes an Office of Waste Minimization within EPA.
Establishes a solid waste disposal management system including
standards, regulations and enforcement procedures and
authorizes grants to states and education programs.
Economic Incentives:
1. Authorizes grants to states for a rural recycling
demonstration program (Sec. 208) and for a program to
promote the use of waste reduction and recycling
techniques by businesses, local governments, and regional
authorities (Sec. 303).
2. Establishes a National Packaging Institute to develop
standards for the use of a recycling seal on packages
(Sec. 307).
3. Requires that recycled materials be used in any Federal
contracts for $1,000,000 or more (Sec. 309) and directs
EPA to promulgate Federal procurement guidelines
requiring the use of specified recycled materials (Sec.
311).
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S.2049 (Roth)
Directs EPA to establish a program encouraging the removal of
older cars from use including provisions for granting a
manufacturer credit to its corporate average fuel economy for
destruction by a dealer of an automobile engine-block and
chassis received in a trade-in for new car (Sec. 1).
S.2175 Underground Storage Tank Pollution Prevention and Assistance
Act (Baucus and Burdick)
H.R.4319 Underground Storage Tanks Pollution Prevention and
Assistance Act (Glickman and others!
H.R.4577 Undergound Storage Tank Assistance and Groundwater
Protection Act (Stangeland)
Establishes a loan gurantee program administered by EPA for
closure or replacement of undergound gasoling storage tanks
(Sec. 4).
S.2184 Small Community Environmental Assistance Act of 1990 (Baucus
and others)
Authorizes EPA to make grants to fund state small
community pollution control revolving funds to make loans
for construction of solid waste management and other
pollution control facilities. Grants are authorizes for
poor communities (Sees. 5 and 6).
S.2468 State Regulation and Management of Solid Waste Act of 1990
(Breaux)
States that the objectives of the Title are to reduce to the
maximum extent practicable the amount of solid waste generated
and disposed of during the next 20 years by encouraging
resource conservation and recycling, and requires States to
develop State Solid Waste Management Plans and Programs.
Economic Incentives:
1. Authorizes States to levy fees on solid waste that
differentiate rates or other aspects of payment on the
basis of the origin of the solid waste with at least 50%
of the revenues allocated to the local government where
the solid waste will be managed (Sec. 401.
2. Authorizes a state grant program to encourage recycling,
resource recovery and conservation and the development
of markets for recycled products (Sec. 601).
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H.R. 1804 Municipal Solid Waste Reduction Act of 1989 (Gephardt)
Establishes a national policy encouraging waste reduction,
provides for studies and establishes a grant program to
support research and development.
Economic Incentives:
1. Establishes a commission to study the labeling of
products and packages to accomplish waste reduction (Sec.
6).
2. Establishes a grant program for universities, businesses,
manufacturers, retailers and providers of services to
support research and development on redesigning consumer
products and packaging to reduce volume and toxicity
(Sec. 7).
H.R. 2676 Solid Waste Prevention Act (Schneider and others)
Establishes a pollution prevention program at EPA including
grants to state and local governments to evaluate the
effectiveness of their solid waste prevention and recycling
programs.
H.R.4856 (Pease)
Authorizes EPA to make grants to groups of individuals who can
demonstrate a threat to their health, enjoyment of the
environment, or economic well-being from the treatment,
storage, or disposal of hazardous waste at a facility seeking
a permit under the act. Such grants may be used to obtain
technical assistance in connection with preparing views for
presentations at a public hearing (Sec. 1).
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WETLANDS CONSERVATION
S.2332 Conservation and Wetlands Enhancement Act of 1990 (Burdick)
Establishes a wetlands reserve program under which the
Department of Agriculture enters into contracts with farmers
for long-term wetlands easments in return for annual rental
payments and a cost-sharing program for the restoration of
converted wetlands (Sec. 201).
H.R. 1746 Wetlands No Net Loss Act of 1989 (Bennett)
H.R.4528 Wetlands No Net Loss Act of 1989 (Bennett)
Establishes an Office of Wetlands Identification and
Preservation in the Interior Department, authorizes Wetlands
Preservation Trusts, establishes a grant program to states,
directs that studies be undertaken and transfers funds to
finance the program.
Economic Incentives:
1. Amends the Federal tax code to allow donations of
wetlands areas to Wetlands Preservation Trusts to qualify
as charitable contributions (Sec. 4).
2. Authorizes grants to states for implementation of state
Wetland Conservation Plans (Sec. 5).
3. Directs the Office of Technology Assessment to study
incentives for wetlands preservation (Sec. 6).
H.R. 2322 North American Wetlands Conservation Act (Owens and
others)
Establishes a Federal matching grant program for wetlands
conservation projects including acquisition, management,
enhancement and restoration.
H.R.4212 Wetlands Conservation Initiative Act of 1990 (Haves)
Provides a 75 percent tax credit for expenditures used to
restore, conserve, rehabilitate or maintain a wetland and a
tax credit equal to 75% of the farm market value of wetlands
donated as a charitable contribution (Sec. 3).
H.R.4293 (Schulze)
Makes converted wetlands and surrounding uplands eligible for
inclusion in the Conservation Reserve Program and for annual
rental payments (Sec. 2).
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H.R.4703 Wetlands Restoration and Conservation Act fTauzin and
others)
Requires the Corps of Engineers to redefine wetlands to
exclude marketable and converted agricultural lands,
distinguishes between protected wetlands and marketable lands,
allows states to establish wetlands protection programs that
meet requirements of the act, expedites permitting of
conservation projects and includes economic incentives.
Economic Incentives:
1. Provides a system of marketable or mortgageable
conservation credits for conservation measures taken by
land-owners (Sec. 5).
2. Establishes a wetlands protection trust fund, financed
by mineral revenues from Out Continental Shelf
Activities, tofind conservation project on an 85/15
Federal-State matching basis (Sec. 8).
H.R.4894 Wetlands Preservation and Restoration Act of 1990 (Conte
and Dingell)
Establishes a program under which the Department of
Agriculture purchases permanent easements on eligible lands
which are placed in a wetland reserve and shares with owners
the cost of restoring such land to wetlands (Sec. 2) .
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