EPA-600/4-76-032 June 1976 Environmental Monitoring Series REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION STUDY: QUALITY ASSURANCE AUDITS Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 ------- RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, have been grouped into five series. These five broad categories were established to facilitate further development and application of environmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields. The five series are: 1. Environmental Health Effects Research 2. Environmental Protection Technology 3. Ecological Research 4. Environmental Monitoring 5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies This report has been assigned to the ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING series. This series describes research conducted to develop new or improved methods and instrumentation for the identification and quantification of environmental pollutants at the lowest conceivably significant concentrations. It also includes studies to determine the ambient concentrations of pollutants in the environment and/or the variance of pollutants as a function of time or meteorological factors. This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa- tion. Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. ------- EPA-600/4-76-032 June 1976 REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION STUDY: QUALITY ASSURANCE AUDITS By John R. Hibar Air Monitoring Center ROckwell International Creve Coeur, MO 63141 Contract No. 68-02-1081 Task Order 58 Project Officer Francis A. Schiermeier Regional Air Pollution Study Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory 11640 Administration Drive Creve Coeur, MO 63141 U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES RESEARCH LABORATORY RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, N.C. 27711 ------- DISCLAIMER This report has been reviewed by the Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. ------- ABSTRACT Aerometric data is being collected by the Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) for use in developing and evaluating air quality simulation models. In addition to the Regional Air Monitoring System (RAMS), data is also collected by research teams in periodic expeditions to the St. Louis study area. Data from all sources are made available for integration through the RAPS Data Bank. A quality assurance audit of instrument systems employed in the Summer 1975 RAPS Expeditionary Research Program was conducted to check the various systems for accuracy. Additionally such checks provide a basis for determining the extent to which data from different instrument systems may be integrated. This report describes the audit equipment and standards used and problems encountered. Quantitative audit results from individual instrument systems are presented. The audits included analyzers for NO, NO , 0,,, SO,,, CO, CH. and THC measurements. 11 i ------- CONTENTS ABSTRACT FIGURES TABLES 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 INTRODUCTION TASK ORDER REQUIREMENTS 2.1 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 2.2 EQUIPMENT 2.3 PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE 2.4 REPORTS WORK PERFORMED 3.1 VAN PREPARATION 3.1.1 Physical Support System 3.1.2 Instrumentation 3.2 CALIBRATION METHODS 3.2.1 NO-NOX Source Calibration 3.2.2 SOo Source Calibration 3.2.3 CO and CH. Source Calibration 3.2.4 03 Source Calibration 3.3 INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION METHOD 3.4 PREPARATION OF CALIBRATION CURVES 3.5 AUDIT SITES 3.5.1 "RAPS Helicopters 3.5.2 Meteorology Research Incorporated Plane (MRI) 3.5.3 Aerosol Trailer 3.5.4 Research Triangle Institute Van 3.5.5 Environmental Measurements Incorporated Van (EMI) 3.5.6 RAMS Stations 3.5.7 Lou Chaney's 03 and CO Monitors 3.5.8 Environmental Quality Research (EQR) Theta Sensor 3.5.9 . BatteH e Northwest DC-3 3.5.10 Gas Chrbmatography Laboratory 3.6 RAW DATA PROBLEMS AND RECOMMENDATIONS iii V vi 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3. 3 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 11 n 12 ------- NUMBER FIGURES PAGE 1 POWER CIRCUIT MODIFICATION 4 2 DYNAMIC CALIBRATION SYSTEM 7 ------- TABLES NUMBER PAGE 1 RAPS HELICOPTER #1 13 2 RAPS HELICOPTER #3 14 3 RAPS HELICOPTER #3 15 4 MRI PLANE ' 16 5 MRI PLANE 17 6 MRI PLANE 18 7 AEROSOL TRAILER 19 8 AEROSOL TRAILER 20 9 AEROSOL TRAILER 21 10 RTI TRAILER 22 11 EMI VAN 23 12 EMI CALIBRATOR 24 13 STATION 120 25 14 STATION 120 26 15 STATION 120 27 16 STATION 113 ' 28 17 STATION 113 • , ' 29 18 STATION 120 30 19 STATION 122 31 20 LOU CHANEY 0, MONITORS 32 21 CO ANALYSIS FOR LOU CHANEY 33 22 03 ANALYSIS FOR LOU CHANEY 34 23 CALIBRATION DIFFERENCE SUMMARY 35 VI 1 ------- 1.0 INTRODUCTION This report summarizes the preparation and use of a mobile calibration system for the RAPS 1975 Summer Study Quality Assurance Audits. The purpose of these audits was to check the analyzers of the RAPS field investigations and RAMS stations for accuracy. A mobile laboratory van was used to carry a controlled environment to the field. A brief description of the methods used to acquire the data and a listing of the pertinent data is included. -1- ------- 2.0 TASK ORDER REQUIREMENTS 2.1 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS Under this task order, the contractor was to: A) Prepare the EPA mobile laboratory for quality assurance audits. B) Drive the van to various sites and perform calibration checks of various air monitoring systems including the following: 1) Operate and maintain chemiluminescent oxone analyzers, chemiluminescent NO-NOY analyzers, total sulfur analyzers, A sulfur chromatographs, Beckman Model 6800 gas chromatographs, integrating nephelometers, and strip-chart recorders. 2) Prepare and operate the gas dilution systems, gas sampling systems, and air purification systems. 3) Compute the concentrations of standard gas mixes, preparation of calibration curves, and compile and record data. 2.2 EQUIPMENT The Winnebago laboratory van, instruments, and calibration gases were to be supplied by the EPA Task Order Project Officer. 2.3 PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE Task order duration - the task order was estimated to require 11 weeks ending September 5, 1975. - 2.4 REPORTS Monthly progress reports, draft final reports, and an approved final report were to be furnished in accordance with provisions of the EPA con- tract 68-02-1081. -2- ------- 3.0 WORK PERFORMED The work performed consisted of preparing the van for mobile calibration use, calibrating the transfer standards using National Bureau of Standards (NBS) reference materials, and performing audits on the measurement systems of independent investigators and selected RAMS stations. During the performance of this task the Air Monitoring Center provided the services of a senior engineer and a technician to perform the required tasks. The specific calibration procedures employed and the schedule of sites and analyzers were received from the EPA Task Coordinator, S.L. Kopczynski, in the form of technical direction on a daily basis. 3.1 VAN PREPARATION The van preparation included modifications to the physical support system and installation of the instrumentation system. 3.1.1 Physical Support__System The Winnebago van originally had a single generator for the entire vehicle when it was not using line power. In order not to overload this generator and to prevent surges in the instruments when the air conditioner started, another generator was installed by EPA. This generator was only used on the air con- ditioner with the other handling the instruments. The second generator was wired into the system to allow either A.C. line power or the generator to power the air conditioner (See Figure 1). 3.1.2 Instrumentation The government supplied instruments consisted of a Bendix NO-NO,, analyzer, a Bendix Ozone analyzer, a Tracer sulfur chromatograph and a Bendix dynamic calibration system. These instruments were calibrated and installed in the van with the appropriate auxiliary gases necessary for operation. The plans for using the mobile laboratory instruments for cross-checking analyses was dropped in favor of more thorough multipoint calibration checks which utilized all budg- eted manpower. 3.2 CALIBRATION METHODS The gas sources used in calibration were directly traceable to NBS where possible. These concentrated gases were diluted to several values and a cor- responding multipoint calibration performed on the analyzers. -3- ------- no AC EXISTING CIRCUITS CIRCUIT BREAKERS LINE POWER FIGURE 1 POWER CIRCUIT MODIFICATION . -4- ------- 3.2.1 NO-NOX Source Calibration The mobile lab contained a tank of approximately 100 ppm of NO, which was used as the standard for NO-NO*, calibrations. This tank was initially calibrated using a NBS NO cylinder #RSG-30-7963 which contained 93.4 ppm as the standard reference. This calibration was done in the GC lab using a Bendix NO-NO^ ana- lyzer (which was calibrated with the NBS tank) to measure several known mixtures of the unknown tank. Efforts were made to have the same concentrations as those used in the initial calibration of the instrument. 3.2.2 S02 Source Calibration Two NBS S02 permeation tubes Were used as the standard for all audits. Since the permeation rate of the tube is highly temperature dependent, it was placed in an oven in the Bendix Dynamic Calibrator which had provisions for both heating as well as cooling in order to maintain a temperature of 25°C, +_ 0.1°C. The output of the Bendix Dynamic Calibrator was cross-checked at the RAMS station 120 with an NBS permeation tube installed in the station calibration system. 3.2.3 CO and CH4 Source Calibration An NBS CO tank containing 9.82 ppm CO was used in conjunction with the GC laboratory's 6800 to certify three Scott tanks, one containing a 21.2 ppm of CO (#11722), one containing 2.01 ppm CH4 and 5.24 ppm CO (#1749) and one con- taining 2.04 ppm CH. and 5.20 ppm CO (#2359). These tanks were either used direct- ly to give a single point or dynamically diluted with either Matheson zero air or Scott ultrapure air to give a multipoint calibration. The zero air was also checked for residue CO and was found to be within acceptable tolerances. 3.2.4 03 Source Calibration The Oo used for the audits was generated on site through use of a uv tube which was assumed to have adequate short term stability but would vary from day to day. For this reason the 03 output was calibrated each time the 03 was used by means of an 03 - NO titration immediately after calibration of an NO-NOX analyzer. Since the instrument's calibration could be traced to a NBS NO tank, the drop in NO when the 03 was turned on gave a calibrated 03 value at that flow setting. Others were obtained by varying the dilution flow for a multipoint calibration. -5- ------- 3.3 INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION METHOD The calibration system employed was a Bendix Dynamic Calibrator which used precision pressure regulators to maintain a given pressure differential across sets of capillaries which in turn would give a constant flow. These flows were calibrated for various pressure settings using a bubble meter at the beginning of the study. Near the end of the study, a bubble meter and mass flow meters #FM-302 and FM-300 were used to recalibrate Input C capillary #4 and check the others. There are three pressure regulators; one controls the flow across the per- meation oyen which has two flow levels - a high flow and a low flow. The second controls the flow of concentrated calibrating gas to be diluted by the zero air from the third regulator. The third regulator has four capillaries associated with it for generating a wide range of dilutions. Air from one of these capil- laries flows through an ozone generator and is used, for NOp checks via gas phase titration and to calibrate the ozone analyzer (Figure 2). The gas mixture produced by this method was introduced into a glass manifold to produce a demand system operating at atmospheric pressure. Before the arrival of the manifold, a simple Tee was used, this was found to effect the sample flow rate of some instruments at the lower concentration levels. A complex Tee arrange- ment removed this bias, no data was taken under the simple Tee arrangement. The RAMS stations internal calibration manifold was used when auditing stations. In all cases, the inter-connections were made with Teflon tubing and fittings. 3.4 PREPARATION OF CALIBRATION CURVES The same procedure was used on all instruments to prepare calibration curves. This procedure consisted of generating various gas concentrations and allowing the instrument to sample them until the instrument equilibrated before a reading was taken. This reading along with the known concentration was tabulated and a least squares linear fit was used to find an intercept and a slope. All instruments were done this way including the NO-NO., instrument used in finding the ozone con- centration. This procedure assumes all of the flows are correct as well as the concentration of the tank gases and the zero air was pure. The dilution or zero air used was bottled zero air for areas other than RAMS stations with the station -6- ------- Dynamic Calibration System PERMEATION OVEN ASSEMBLY I SAMPLE i SUBSYSTEM PERMEATION PURGE DILUTION VENT VENT VENT • DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVE (3 WAY) FLOW DIVERTER VALVE PRESSURE GAUGE QUICK DISCONNECT A1706AI FIGURE 2 -7- ------- zero air used in the station except for CO and HC. 3.5 AUDIT SITES The main thrust of the quality assurance audits were to check analyzers of RAPS field investigations and RAMS for accuracy. Several RAMS stations were checked. In particular, stations 113 and 122 were selected because unusually high ozone concentrations were consistently obtained there. The data from each of the sites are presented in a standard format in Tables 1-22. For each case the column "data reading" contains the observed instrument response in volts; "Calibrator Value" is the known concentration (ppm) which was supplied to the instrument; "Station Value" is the concentration (ppm) calculated from the voltage response and the calibration constants in use for that instru- ment at that time. A summary of results is presented in Table 23. The percent error was cal- culated by subtracting the calibration value from the station value (at the high- est point), dividing by the calibrator value and multiplying by 100. The sig- nificance of the table is in that it demonstrates a rough confidence factor in measurements of this type. 3.5.1 RAPS Helicopters The RAPS helicopter site was audited three times. There was only enough time to audit one of the three helicopters each visit. The first visit was not successful due to malfunction of the calibration instruments. The Bendix cal- ibrator has several pull-to-test gas line diverters for calibration purposes, one of which had worked loose and shut off a main capillary flow. With this flow shut off, it was impossible to calibrate all instruments. The results are in Tables 1-3. 3.5.2 Meteorology Research Incorporated Plane (MRI) The MRI plane was audited twice in the Thunderbird hangar at Spirit of St. Louis Air Field. The temperature of the permeation bath was not performing correctly during the first audit. The temperature of the Bendix permeation oven is adjusted by a multi turn pot. In the process of moving, a wire was dislodged from this pot resulting in a much higher temperature than indicated by the set- ting of the pot. This wire was repaired and the setting was returned to 25°C. -8- ------- There was some question of this setting by MRI on the second visit since their value did not agree to the standard. The system was rechecked in station 120 and the setting was still found to be 25°C with a thermometer traceable to NBS. The results are in Tables 4-6. (NO, S02 data for first visit). 3.5.3 Aerosol Trailer The aerosol trailer located west of Glasgow, Illinois was visited twice. The first time the aerosol trailer had some grounding problems on the inputs which affected many of the readings, in particular the 0- reading gave a very poor linear fit. Since there wasn't any way to decide which values were valid, all values were reported. The results are in Tables 7-9. 3.5.4 Research Triangle Institute Van The 6800 on the RTI was audited once for CO values. The values are in Table 10. 3.5.5 Environmental Measurements Incorporated Van (EMI) The EMI van associated with the MRI plane was audited during the second visit to the plane. The van was located outside the Thunderbird hangar and the calibration took place outdoors since the air conditioner of the mobile labora- tory was not operational. The sulfur reading was high; however, upon checking the Bendix System later in Station 120 the temperature was still found to be 25°C. During the audit of the van the indicator for heating or cooling was steady on the cooling side; this may have represented an inability of the cool- ing unit to keep the permtube at the proper temperatures. The EMI calibrator was checked and found to give proper readings; however, the van was not available for further checking. The results are in Tables 11-12. 3.5.6 RAMS Stations The stations checked were 120, 105, 113 and 122. The permeation tubes were found to be off in 105, 113 and 120. In order to check the station perm- tube with a NBS standard, the NBS tube had to be placed in the station approx- imately 24 hours before the audit to equilibrate. Due to the large distance and time factor for station 122, this could not be done in time to check the station tube. Station #113 and 122 were checked mainly for 03 values. The values are -9- ------- found in Tables 13-19. 3.5.7 Lou Cheney's 0-, and CO Monitors Two portable 03 monitors were used in a series of experiments. These were compared twice with 03 analyzers at RAMS station 105, A CO monitor was also used in this experiment. Several bag samples as well as dynamic diluted samples were tested on this instrument. The results of the first audit are presented in the Tables. During the second audit, there appeared to be a problem with the 6800 in station 105 which gave conflicting results. This was later found to be caused by the automatic range switching program. A test in the G.C. laboratory cleared this up. The 0^ monitors during the second audit were off by as much as 30%. Questions arose as to the reliability of the NO NBS tank, Central's NBS tank and the working standard NO tank. A Bendix NO-NO,, instrument was connected to the Bendix dynamic calibrator and the various tanks were then compared by means of the NO-NOY instrument. A difference in the working standard tank was found A * - ' from the original calibration, then a difference between the two NBS tanks was found. Upon further retesting the values were not found to be repeatable since the NO-NO instrument was drifting. Readings taken a day apart or even morning X versus afternoon gave a different value. The NO-NOw instrument had been on pre- viously without the vacuum but with oxygen connected. In the past this condition has been found to give erroneous results on some instruments for as long as 2-3 days after the vacuum has been reconnected. This may have been the problem; however, it was not resolved in the time frame available. This is not believed to have affected the readings of the Tables. The results are in Tables 20-22. 3.5.8 Environmental Quality Research (EQR) Theta Sensor As a service to EQR a Theta sulfur sensor was calibrated using the stations calibration system with a NBS permeation tube. EQR inadvertantly readjusted the settings and the instrument was recalibrated in a similar fashion. 3.5.9 Battelle Northwest DC-3 Battelle Northwest employed a portable sulfur gas chromatograph (AID) -10- ------- (model #513) for the Metromex study. As a courtesy the gas chromatograph was calibrated for S0? on a visit to the Battelle plane at the Alton City Airport. 3.5.10 Gas Chromatography Laboratory The Gas Chromatography Laboratory was not audited. However, cylinder no. 1749 (Section 3.2.3) with its certified analysis, was used as the daily calibration standard for the Beckman 6800 gas chromatograph. 3.6 RAW DATA The raw data was placed in two laboratory notebooks with carbon copies. They were turned over to the EPA Task Coordinator. -11- ------- 4.0 PROBLEMS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Most of the problems encountered during the audits were caused by lack of feedback from the calibrator. There was no flow indicator or temperature indica- tor. A pressure was set on the regulator and it was assumed the flow was correct. The lack of a temperature indicator required the entire permeation oven to be taken apart in order to place a thermometer in the cavity to register the temperature. The permeation tube in the meantime would change temperature and require a settling time on the order of hours before it would register correctly. A higher setting of the temperature to 30°C would give a temperature which would be easier to maintain in a high temperature ambient environment such as was en- countered in the study. The calibrator did not have a calibration manifold attached to it, this re- quired an additional manifold to be carried each time there was a non-RAMS station field use. The problem from a lack of a calibrator manifold was en- countered early in the program when high dilution flows caused a pressure build- up in the sampling line which caused the instrument sample flow to increase. A portable calibrator with direct reading mass flow meters, or even rotameters along with an actual temperature indicator instead of a null de- tector, would solve many of these problems. -12- ------- TABLE 1 NO QUALITY ASSURANCE AUDIT RAPS Helicopter #1 NO,, Date: July 22, 1975 .CO. DATA READING 1.88 1.06 .0002 .353 1.85 a. Replic CALIBRATOR VALUE .800 .450 0 .170 .800a ate at end of STATION VALUE .94 .53 0 .176 .93 audit DATA READING 1.86 1.05 .002 .345 1.84 a. Rep' x. CALIBRATOR VALUE .800 .450 0 .170 .800a icate at end STATION VALUE .93 .525 .001 .173 .92 )f audit DATA READING .03 -.10 1.633 .391 .89 a. Mat unc CALIBRATOR VALUE Oa Instrument Zero 21<2 5.24 9.82 heson zero air- ertified puritj STATION VALUE .3 -1.0 16.33 3.91 8.9 / Converter Efficiency A = -.0100 B = 1.1873 r2= .9993 A =, B =. -.0097 1.1744 A = B = -.0579 .7938 .9991 -9862 DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE Station Value, ppm = A + B (calibrator value, ppm) -13- ------- NO TABLE 2 QUALITY ASSURANCE REPORT RAPS Helicopter #3 NOV Date: July 26, 1975 DATA READING 1.578 1.010 .657 .324 .000 CALIBRATOR VALUE .790 .505 .340 .170 0 STATION VALUE .789 .505 .329 .162 .000 DATA READING 1.588 1.003 .661 .324 .006 CALIBRATOR VALUE .790 .505 .340 .170 0 STATION VALUE .794 .502 .331 .162 .003 DATA READING 1.737 1.542 .828 .587 .337 .007 CALIBRATOR VALUE .198 .168 .094 .061 .031 0 STATION VALUE .174 .154 .083 .059 .034 .001 98.5% A = B = -.0053 1.004 .9997 A = B = -.0044 1.0052 .9996 A = B = .0039 .8726 -9979 S00 CO DATA READING 1.073V .794 .462 .115 .002 CALIBRATOR VALUE .997 .832 .399 .096 0 STATION VALUE 1.073 .794 .462 .115 .002 DATA READING .509 .060 .048 CALIBRATOR VALUE 5.20 Instrument Zero 0 STATION VALUE 5.09 .60 .48 DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE .0158 B = 1.0186 r2=__L9898_ A =, B =. .4800 .8865 A B Station Value, ppm = A + B (calibrator value, ppm) -14- ------- CO TABLE 3 QUALITY ASSURANCE REPORT RAPS Helicopter #3 NO Date: August 13. 1975 NOV DATA READING .0135 .010 .444 .399 .338 .260 .207 .170 a. At t b. At « CALIBRATOR VALUE Oa Instrument Zero 6.43 2.97 2.01 .870 .406 Ob eginning of ai nd of audit STATION VALUE .135 .10 4.44 3.99 .3.38 2.6 2.07 1.70 idit DATA READING .000 .370 .809 1.140 1.529 CALIBRATOR VALUE 0 .193 .423 .595 .812 STATION VALUE .000 .185 .405 .570 .765 DATA READING .005 .362 .802 1.108 1.505 CALIBRATOR VALUE 0 .193 .423 .595 .812 STATION VALUE .003 .181 .401 .554 .753 Converter Efficiency - 98 A = B = 1.6519 .5322 .6953 A = B = r2= .0026 .9452 .9998 A .0042 B = .9248 .9999 SO, DATA READING 3.15 2.245 1.76 1.246 1.611 .017 CALIBRATOR VALUE .390 .251 .203 .131 .176 0 STATION VALUE .315 .225 .176 .125 .161 .002 DATA READING .0006 .89 .625 .338 .167 .075 .400 CALIBRATOR VALUE 0 .874 .581 .297 .150 .066 .404 STATION VALUE .000 .890 .625 .338 .167 .075 .400 DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE A B .0133 .8029 A B .0108 1.0201. .9918 .9969 Station Value, ppm = A + B (calibrator value, ppm) -15- ------- N0(.5ppm range) TABLE 4 QUALITY ASSURANCE AUDIT MRI Plane N0(lppm range) Date: July 19. 1975 N0(2ppm range) DATA READING 5 427 311 211 125 CALIBRATOR VALUE 0 .390 .280 .190 .110 STATION VALUE .005 .427 .311 .211 .125 DATA READING 2 437 345 211 152 104 61 CALIBRATOR VALUE 0 .840 .670 .390 .280 .190 .110 STATION VALUE .004 .874 .690 .420 .300 .208 .120 DATA READING 219 170 105 076 050 0 CALIBRATOR VALUE .840 .670 .390 .280 .190 0 STATION VALUE .870 .680 .420 .300 .210 .000 98% A B .0055 1.0840 .9999 A =_ B = .0097 1.0278 .9996 NO X( .5 ppm range) NO X(1 ppm range) A = .0106 B .1020 ,.2= .9990 NOX (2 ppm range) DATA READING 20 499 325 230 139 CALIBRATOR VALUE 0 .390 .280 .190 .110 STATION VALUE . .020 .449 .325 .23 .139 DATA READING 12 468 369 224 164 111 68 CALIBRATOR VALUE 0 .840 .670 .390 .280 .190 .no STATION VALUE .024 .940 .730 .450 .330 .220 .140 DATA READING 8 235 184 113 083 056 CALIBRATOR VALUE 0 .840 .670 .390 .280 .190 STATION VALUE .032 .940 .740 • .450 .330 .220 A = .0194 -0217 B 1.0990 B 1.0815 A = B = .0253 1.0802 .9999 .9992 .9995 Station Value, ppm = A + B (calibrator value, ppm) -16- ------- TABLE 5 QUALITY ASSURANCE AUDIT MRI Plane Date: July 19, 1975 3 NO (.2 ppm range) NO (5 ppm range DATA READING 260 320 124 91 0 CALIBRATOR VALUE .214 .260 .100 .070 0 STATION VALUE .260 .320 .124 .091 .000 DATA READING 312 528 CALIBRATOR VALUE .110 .190 STATION VALUE .156 .264 DATA READING 177 129 85 66 0 CALIBRATOR VALUE 1.71 1.23 .84 .67 0 STATION VALUE 1.77 1.29 .85 .66 .00 B = r2= .0022 1.2175 .9996 A = B = .0075 1 . 3500 A = B = -.0149 1.0437 .9992 NO X (.2 ppm range) NO X (5 ppm range) DATA READING 335 528 CALIBRATOR VALUE .110 .190 STATION VALUE .168 .28 DATA READING 2 190 140 94 74 CALIBRATOR VALUE 0 1.71 1.23 .84 .67 STATION VALUE .02 1.90 1.40 .94 .72 DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE A = B =. .0140 A = .0079 1.4000 1.1102 B = _2= -9991 Station Value, ppm = A + B (calibrator value, ppm) -17- ------- TABLE 6 QUALITY ASSURANCE AUDIT MRI Plane NOV Date: July 31. 1975^ SO, NO (0.5 ppm ranq DATA READING 386 287 189 115 15 CALIBRATOR VALUE .390 .280 .190 .110 0 STATION • VALUE .386 .287 .189 .115 .015 e^ . A vu.o ppm range; z DATA READING 369 275 182 115 20 CALIBRATOR VALUE .390 .280 .190 .110 0 STATION VALUE .369 .275 .182 .115 .020 DATA READING 617 462 403 305 150 000 CALIBRATOR VALUE .802 .602 .530 .402 .199 0 STATION VALUE .617 .462 .403 .305 .150 .000 97.3% A = B = .0119 .9613 .9990 A = B = r2=_ .01709 .9026 .9989 A = B = -.0023 .7695 .9999 DATA READING 307 197 147 73 3 CALIBRATOR VALUE .315 .205 .142 .068 0 STATION VALUE .307 .197 .147 .073 .003 DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE A = B =. .0060 .9551 .9988, Station Value, ppm = A + B (calibrator value, ppm) -18- ------- TABLE 7 QUALITY' ASSURANCE AUDIT Aerosol Trailer S00 Date: July 28, 1975 CO DATA READING .8404 .4445 .1320 .4480 .001 .452 a. Usi b. Out CALIBRATOR VALUE .091 .056 .012 .056 0 .030 ng calibratior Her point nol STATION VALUE .120 .064 .019 .064 .000 .065b i value of . used DATA READING -.0001 .089 .055 .042 8/3 CALIBRATOR VALUE 0 .167 .097 .066 STATION VALUE .000 .157 .096 .073 DATA READING 1.453 .749 .232 7.425 2.020 .139 CALIBRATOR VALUE 3.82 1.95 .45 21.2 5.24 0 STATION VALUE 5.23 2.68 .81 26.8 7.28 .47 Convertor Efficiency A -.0005 B 1.2537 r2= .9855 100% A =, B =. ,.2= .0046 .9324 A = B = .4212 1.2475 .9937 .9997 DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE Station Value, ppm = A + B (calibrator value, ppm) -19- ------- TABLE 8 QUALITY ASSURANCE AUDIT Aerosol Trailer NO Date: July 28. 1975 NOV DATA READING .079 4.622 2.308 CALIBRATOR VALUE 0 .057 .027 STATION VALUE .001 .046 .023 DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE DATA READING .005 4.642 2.259 CALIBRATOR VALUE 0 .057 .027 STATION VALUE 0 .046 .023 Converter Efficiency A .0012 _ B 125.8% .7891 A = B =. .9997 A B .0004 .8063 .9991 THC CH. CO DATA READING .013 .655 CALIBRATOR VALUE 0 2.01 STATION VALUE .06 2.37 DATA READING .377 3.071 CALIBRATOR VALUE 0 2.01 STATION VALUE .69 2.17 DATA READING .139 2.020 CALIBRATOR VALUE 0 5.24 STATION VALUE .47 7.28 A . 0600 B 1.1493 A= .690 R= -7363 .4700 B = 1.3000 Station Value, ppm = A + B (calibrator value, ppm) -20- ------- TABLE s QUALITY ASSURANCE AUDIT NO Ae'rosol NOV Trailer Date: August 13, 1975 SO,, DATA READING -.3288 2.042 7.909 10.112 5.175 8.917 CALIBRATOR VALUE 0 .0199 .0747 .093 .0505 .081 STATION VALUE -.003 .020 .079 .101 .052 .089 DATA READING -.304 2.078 8.054 10.384 5.241 8.920 CALIBRATOR VALUE 0 .0199 .0747 .093 .0505 .081 STATION VALUE -.003 .021 .081 .104 .052 .089 DATA READING -.0006 .093 .198 .354 .085 .132 CALIBRATOR VALUE 0 .0914 .193 .427 .0914 .144 STATION VALUE .000 .164 .349 .626 .149 .233 98.9% A = B = -.0030 1.1161 .9992 A = R = r2= -.0030 1.1352 .9989 A = B = .0236 1.4571 .9870 CH, CO DATA READING .065 .443 .695 1.085 .033 CALIBRATOR VALUE .on .062 .097 .1566 0 STATION VALUE .009 .064 .101 .157 .005 DATA READING .428 3.381 .073 .665 CALIBRATOR VALUE 0 2.04 THC 0 2.04 STATION VALUE .48 2.11 -.02 2.52 DATA READING 1.794 .092 1.609 .316 .577 .167 CALIBRATOR VALUE 5.20 0 4.76 1.11 2.10 .55 STATION VALUE 12.74 .147 11.37 1.804 3.74 .702 A = B =. r2= .0021 .4800 _.9963 . 7990 .9981 .A = .B = -.0200 1.2451 .A -.0651 B = 2.5078 .9894 Station Value, ppm = A + B (calibrator value, ppm) -21- ------- CO TABLE 10 QUALITY ASSURANCE AUDIT R.T.I. Trailer CH, Date: August 4, 1975 THC DATA READING 3.252 2.217 1.426 .923 1.767 3.365 .079 CALIBRATOR VALUE 9.15 6.23 4.06 2.46 4.65 9.82 0 STATION VALUE 9.27 6.30 4.03 2.58 5.01 9.6 .17 DATA READING .798 .03 CALIBRATOR VALUE 2.04 0 STATION VALUE 1.52 .04 DATA READING 1.035 .093 CALIBRATOR VALUE 2.04 0 STATION VALUE 1.91 .10 Conv A = B =. r2= DATA READING ertor Efficie .2135 ncy .9751 .9979 CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE A B r2 DATA READING .0400 .7255 __ CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE A B r-2 DATA READING .1000 .8873 _ CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE Station Value, ppm = A + B (calibrator value, ppm) -22- ------- TABLE I I QUALITY ASSURANCE AUDIT EMI Van Date: July 31. 1975 NOy SO., DATA READING 6.95 7.95 3.25 2.35 0 CALIBRATOR VALUE .840 1.060 .390 .280 0 STATION VALUE .695 .795 .325 .235 .000 DATA READING .92 .62 .32 .01 CALIBRATOR VALUE .602 .403 .199 0 STATION VALUE .92 .62 .32 ..003 DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE Converter Efficiency . 84% A = .0166 A= -0089 B= .7653 R = 1.5178 r2= .9937 r2= .9997 DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE Station Value, ppm = A + B (calibrator value, ppm) -23- ------- so, TABLE 12 QUALITY ASSURANCE AUDIT EMI Calibrator Flow Date: August 7. 1975 DATA READING 2.2631 4.6557 1.1865 2.3144 3.2812 * With CALIBRATOR VALUE .312 .624 .0347 .0694 .0986 pure air dilul STATION VALUE .321* .662 .032 .064 .086 ion DATA READING 800cc/mir 600 400 200 500 300 CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE 794cc/mi 590 588 367 374 202 480 284 i DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE Converter Efficiency A = -0124 B 1.0774 r2= .9996 A =. B =. -13.2 .9997 .9975 DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE Station Value, ppm = A + B (calibrator value, ppm) -24- ------- NO(.5 ppm range) TABLE 13 QUALITY ASSURANCE AUDIT Station #120 NO (1 ppm range) Date: July 24, 1975 NOX (.5 ppm range) DATA READING 2.0922 4.2846 .8764 .0146 CALIBRATOR VALUE .17 .340 .070 0 STATION VALUE .160 .332 .065 -.002 DATA READING 1.0375 2.1313 3.1860 .4272 .0024 CALIBRATOR VALUE .170 .340 .505 .070 0 STATION VALUE .159 .330 .495 .063 -.003 DATA READING 1.7211 3.0376 .7519 .039 CALIBRATOR VALUE .170 .340 .070 0 STATION VALUE .157 .337 .066 .004 A = B = -.0037 .9825 .9997 A = B = r2= -.0028 .9810 .9996 A B -.0136 .9818 .9980 NO X (1 ppm range) DATA READING .8618 1.7675 2.6720 4.3041 .3588 .0468 CALIBRATOR VALUE .170 .340 .505 .790 .070 0 STATION VALUE .157 .327 .498 .803 .063 .000 DATA READING 2.7929 4.9633 1.5747 1.0107 .0390 CALIBRATOR VALUE .180 .323 .099 .061 0 STATION VALUE .181 .323 .101 .064 .001 DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE A =. B =. -.0102 1.0182 A = B =. .0022 .9941 .9993 .9999 Station Value, ppm = A + B (calibrator value, ppm) -25- ------- CO TABLE 14 QUALITY ASSURANCE AUDIT Station #120 CH. Date: July 24. 1975 THC DATA READING 2.1533 2.1923 1.0937 .5078 .2832 .1611 0.000 CALIBRATOR VALUE 5.20 5.17 2.56 1.19 .634 .314 0 STATION VALUE 4.58 4.66 2.32 1.079 .601 .342 -.001 DATA READING .8886 2.1801 1.1450 .5737 .3564 .2563 .0244 CALIBRATOR VALUE 2.03 5.23 2.59 1.20 .64 .318 0 STATION VALUE 1.83 4.60 2.38 1.15 .688 .472 -.025 DATA READING .9912 2.2363 1.3134 .7958 .5859 .4687 .1342 CALIBRATOR VALUE 2.03 5.23 2.59 1.20 .64 .318 0 STATION VALUE 1.95 4.68 2.66 1.52 1.06 .804 .069 A = B = r2= DATA READING .0345 .8853 .9996 CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE A B r* DATA READING .1031 .8639 .9980 CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE A B r< DATA READING .3958 .8305 =; >= .9857 CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE Station Value, ppm = A + B (calibrator value, ppm) -26- ------- TS TABLE 15 QUALITY ASSURANCE AUDIT Station #120 S00 Date: July 29. 1975 DATA READING 2.3364 3.5107 CALIBRATOR VALUE .0961 .150 STATION VALUE .121 .182 DATA READING 2.5073 3.8183 CALIBRATOR VALUE .0961 .150 STATION VALUE .126 .192 DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE Converter Efficiency A .0122 B 1.13.17 A .0083 B 1.2245 DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE Station Value, ppm = A + B (calibrator value, ppm) -27- ------- NO TABLE 16 QUALITY ASSURANCE AUDIT Station #113 NOV Date: August 8. 1975 DATA READING -.0488 1 .6381 2.7612 3.8281 4.3505 CALIBRATOR VALUE 0 .193 .313 .433 .486 STATION VALUE -.008 .161 .275 .383 .435 DATA READING -.0073 1.7480 2.8540 3.9746 4.8239 CALIBRATOR VALUE 0 .193 .313 .433 '.486 STATION VALUE .000 .176 .287 .399 .454 DATA READING 2.299 3.7597 2.8002 1.5014 .00439 CALIBRATOR VALUE .245 .412 .302 .158 0 STATION VALUE .226 .376 .276 .144 -.004 Converter Efficiency A -.0106 B .9117 r2= .9997 86.6% A = B =. -.0020 -.0026 .9304 .9998 A = B = _2= -9999 .9229 DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE Station Value, ppm = A + B (calibrator value, ppm) -28- ------- TABLE 17 QUALITY ASSURANCE AUDIT Station #113 Date: August 8. 1975 SO, DATA READING .0976 2.1972 2.0166 2.7690 4.1113 1.6064 CALIBRATOR VALUE 0 .082 .075 .103 .155 .060 STATION VALUE -.002 .097 .088 .124 .187 .069 DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE Converter Efficiency -.0030 B 1.2235 .9998 DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE Station Value, ppm = A + B (calibrator value, ppm) -29- ------- NO TABLE 18 QUALITY ASSURANCE AUDIT Station #120 NOV Date: August 11. 1975 0, DATA READING 4.5214 2.3242 3.3056 CALIBRATOR VALUE .358 .188 .265 STATION VALUE .361 .184 .263 DATA READING 3.8452 2.0090 2.8564 CALIBRATOR VALUE .358 .188 .265 STATION VALUE .370 .191 .274 DATA READING 2.1212 3.914 4.807 1 .6223 CALIBRATOR VALUE .144 .260 .308 .097 STATION VALUE .135 .251 .309 .103 Converter Efficiency !P1•7% A = -0122 B 1.0416 2= .9999 A =, B =. -.0092 1.0469 A = B = .0009 .9820 .9961 .9943 SO 2 (Sta. Perm tube) S02(NBS Perm tube) Bendix S02 Calibrator (EPA) DATA READING 3.18942 1.52194 .8911 CALIBRATOR VALUE* .1361 .0654 .0387 STATION VALUE .1565 .0745 .0434 DATA READING 2.2765 1 .8652 1.4550 4.1931 CALIBRATOR VALUE .097 .080 .063 .179 STATION VALUE .113 .092 .072 .208 DATA READING 1 .7871 2.6464 4.62155 1 .6699 4.2554 CALIBRATOR VALUE .072 .110 .194 .067 .176 STATION VALUE * .076 .113 .197 .072 .180 A =, B =. -.0015 1.1609 A =, B =. .0136 .9762 A = B = .0048 . .9918 1.0000 .9922 .9999 Station Value, ppm = A + B (calibrator value, ppm) *Station system calibrated with NBS permtube. -30- ------- TABLE 19 QUALITY ASSURANCE AUDIT Station #122 NO Date: August 11. 1975 CO DATA READING .0128 2.0422 3.7866 4.6850 4.0014 CALIBRATOR VALUE 0 .193 .344 .437 .381 STATION VALUE -.003 .188 .353 .437 .373 DATA READING .0494 1.7782 3.4716 3.3129 4.0698 CALIBRATOR VALUE 0 .193 .381 .344 .437 STATION VALUE -.001 .188 .375 .357 .440 DATA READING .1855 .8544 2.2265 -.0073 CALIBRATOR VALUE .331 1.74 4.74 0 STATION VALUE .369 1.78 4.48 -.024 Converter Efficiency A -.0035 B =. r2= 1.0079 .9987 A =, -.0024 1.0116 A B .0456 .9429 .9983 .9988 DATA READING .0267 2.0434 3.2209 3.9656 1.6210 CALIBRATOR VALUE 0 .229 .350 .427 .165 STATION VALUE .001 .235 .371 .457 .186 DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE •DATA REA5ING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE A = .0020 1.0589. .9985 Station Value, ppm = A + B (calibrator value, ppm) -31- ------- NO TABLE 20 QUALITY ASSURANCE AUDIT Station #105 NO-NOX Lou Chaney 63 Monitors NOV Date: August 6. 1975 DATA READING 3.1738 2.5146 1.4282 .8276 CALIBRATOR VALUE .424 .313 .193 .101 STATION VALUE .374 .291 .158 .084 DATA READING 3.1054 2.4829 1 .3769 .7885 CALIBRATOR VALUE .424 .313 .193 .101 STATION VALUE .389 .310 .169 .094 °3 #1 .052 .022 .020 .126 .160 .000 CALIBRATOR VALUE .047 .019 .0165 .115 .142 0 °3 #2 .047 .021 .018 .115 .137 .000 Converter Efficiency A = -0102 A = #1 n -.0028 n _ .0005 A = ,0016 R= .9209 R= .9439 p= 1.1104 R= .9670 r2= .9947 r2- . .9910 ,.2- -9995 r2= .9992 DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE Station Value, ppm = A + B (calibrator value, ppm) -32- ------- CO TABLE 21 QUALITY ASSURANCE AUDIT Station #105 CO Analysis for Lou Chaney CO Date: August 7-8. 1975 DATA READING * August CALIBRATOR VALUE 3.79 3.81 1.04 0 3.81 7 PSMCO Value 3.01 3.49 1.70 .00 3.41* DATA READING 4.1406 1.6064 2.3193 0.0314 0.6152 1 .8701 CALIBRATOR VALUE 8.66 3.55 5.20 0 1.044 3.81 STATION VALUE* 8.74 3.31 4.84 0.052 1.19 3.87 DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE Convertor Efficie A = .3717 iry - . . R = .7832 r2= .9395 DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE A ' B • r2 DATA READING . 0092 .9858 .9957 CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE Station Value, ppm = A + B (calibrator value, ppm) -33- ------- TABLE 22 QUALITY ASSURANCE AUDIT Station #105 (03 Analysis for Lou Chaney) Date: August 14, 1975 DATA READING .9815 .5908 .4155 .2595 a. Pro CALIBRATOR VALUE .1026 .0576 .0383 .0208a duced by chant STATION VALUE .109 .064 .044 .026 je in slee DATA READING ye settinc CALIBRATOR VALUE of ozone lamp. Reproduce bility of sleeve pos ition may be c uestionab e. STATION VALUE DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE Converter Efficiency A .0055 _ B 1.0090 .9999 NO DATA READING 2.3372 1.7895 1.300 CALIBRATOR VALUE .344 .266 .188 STATION VALUE .285 .215 .153 DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION VALUE DATA READING CALIBRATOR VALUE STATION • VALUE A .= . B =. -.0074 .8462 .9988 Station Value, ppm = A + B (calibrator value, ppm) -34- ------- TABLE 23 CALIBRATION DIFFERENCE SUMMARY (In Percent) SITE RAPS Helicopter 1 RAPS Helicopter 3 RAPS Helicopter 3 MRI Plane 7/19 (.2) MRI Plane 7/19 (.5) MRI Plane 7/19 (1.0) MRI Plane 7/19 (2.0) MRI Plane 7/19 (5.0) MRI Plane 7/31 Aerosol Trailer 7/28 Aerosol Trailer 8/13 RTI Trailer EMI Van EMI Calibrator Station 120 (.5) Station 120 (1.0) Station 113 Station 120 8/11 Station 122 Station 105 Chaney NO 17 0 -6 39 9 4 4 4 -1 -19 9 -2 _o -10 0 -12 -17 NOX 16 0 -7 47 15 12 12 11 -5 -19 12 -25 -6 2 -7 1 -8 03 -12 -19 21 -3 +32 0 0 -9 20 7 6 11 CO r23 -2 -31 23 174 1 -12 5 1 -3,1 CH4 8 3 -25 -12 THC 18 24 -6 -11 S02 7 2 -23 -6 47 53 6 28 20 TS 21 -35- ------- TECHNICAL REPORT DATA (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing) 1. REPORT NO. EPA-600/4-76-032 3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO. 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION STUDY: ASSURANCE AUDITS QUALITY 5. REPORT DATE June 1976 S. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE 7. AUTHOR(S) John R. Hribar 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO. 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS Air Monitoring Center Rockwell International 11640 Administration Drive Creve Coeur, MO 63141 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO. 1AA003 11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO. 68-02-1081 Task Order 58 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711 13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED Final 14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE EPA-ORD 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 16. ABSTRACT Aerometric data is being collected by the Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) for use in developing and evaluating air quality simulation models. In addition to the Regional Air Monitoring System (RAMS), data is also collected by research teams in periodic expeditions to the St. Louis study area. Data from all sources are made available for integration through the RAPS Data Bank. A quality assurance audit of instrument systems employed in the Summer 1975 RAPS Expeditionary Research Program was conducted to check the various systems for accuracy. Additionally such checks provide a basis for determining the extent to which data from different instrument systems may be integrated. This report describes the audit equipment and standards used and problems encountered. Quantitative audit results from individual instrument systems are presented. The audits included analyzers for NO, NO , O 3' co, CH and THC measurements. 17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS DESCRIPTORS b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS COSATI Field/Group *Air Pollution *Measuring instruments *Quality assurance. Auditing . 13B 14B 14A 05A 13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT RELEASE TO PUBLIC 19. SECURITY CLASS /77m Report, UNCLASSIFIED 21. NO. OF PAGES 44 20. SECURITY CLASS /This page/ UNCLASSIFIED 22. PRICE EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73) 36 ------- INSTRUCTIONS . REPORT NUMBER Insert the EPA report number as it appears on the cover of the publication. !. LEAVE BLANK i. RECIPIENTS ACCESSION NUMBER Reserved for use by each report recipient. >. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Title should indicate clearly and briefly the subject coverage of the report, and be displayed prominently. Set subtitle, if used, in smaller type or otherwise subordinate it to main title. When a report is prepared in more than one volume, repeat the primary title, add volume number and include subtitle for the specific title. 5. REPORT DATE Each report shall carry a date indicating at least month and year. Indicate the basis on which it was selected (e.g., date of issue, date of approval, date of preparation, etc.). 5. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE Leave blank. 7. AUTHOR(S) Give name(s) in conventional order (John R. Doe, J. Robert Doe, etc.). List author's affiliation if it differs from the performing organi- zation. 3. PERFORMING pRGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER Insert if performing organization wishes to assign this number. 3. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS Give name, street, city, state, and ZIP code. List no more than two levels of an organizational hirearchy. 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER Use the program element number under which the report was prepared. Subordinate numbers may be included in parentheses. 11. CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER Insert contract or grant number under which report was prepared. 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS Include ZIP code. 13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED Indicate interim final, etc., and if applicable, dates covered. 14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE Leave blank. 15. SUPPLEMENTARY Enter information not included elsewhere but useful, such as: Prepared in cooperation with, Translation of, Presented at conference of, To be published in, Supersedes, Supplements, etc. 16. ABSTRACT Include a brief ^200 words or less) factual summary of the most significant information contained in the report. If the report contains a significant bibliography or literature survey, mention it here. 17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS (a) DESCRIPTORS - Select from the Thesaurus of Engineering and Scientific Terms the proper authorized terms that identify the major concept of the research and are sufficiently specific and precise to be used as index entries for cataloging. (b) IDENTIFIERS AND OPEN-ENDED TERMS - Use identifiers for project names, code names, equipment designators, etc. Use open- ended terms written in descriptor form for those subjects for which no descriptor exists. (c) COSATI FIELD GROUP - Field and group assignments are to be taken from the 1965 COS ATI Subject Category List. Since the ma- jority of documents are multidisciplinary in nature, the Primary Field/Group assignment(s) will be specific discipline, area of human endeavor, or type of physical object. The application(s) will be cross-referenced with secondary Field/Group assignments that will follow the primary posting(s). 18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT Denote releasability to the public or limitation for reasons other than security for example "Release Unlimited." Cite any availability to the public, with address and price. 19. &20. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION DO NOT submit classified reports to the National Technical Information service. 21. NUMBER OF PAGES Insert the total number of pages, including this one and unnumbered pages, but exclude distribution list, if any. 22. PRICE Insert the price set by the National Technical Information Service or the Government Printing Office, if known. A Form 2220-1 (9-73) (Reverse) ------- |