Bibliography on
ASBESTOS IN SCHOOLS
by
Michelle S. L. Lee, Reference Librarian
January 1985
Headquarters Library
Information Management and Services Division
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M St., S.W. PM-211-A
Washington, D.C. 20460
(202) 382-5922
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BIBLIOGRAPHY ON ASBESTOS IN SCHOOLS
Asbestos is known to be a potential hazard to the health of
millions of people today. The problem of asbestos in school build-
ings is getting more and more attention.
At the Headquarters Library, requests for information on asbestos
in schools have been coming from individuals and organizations in both
the public and private sectors. This bibliography of EPA reports,
books, periodical articles, and regulatory citations is an introduction
to the literature on the subject. At the end of the bibliography is a
brief list of referral points for more information.
All the material listed in the bibliography is available in the
Headquarters Library. The bibliography is divided by format, and
many citations are annotated.
The EPA reports citations are listed in alphabetical order by
title, followed by abstracts quoted from EPA Publications Bibliography.
Citations followed by (f) are available in mi crofiche.
Airborne Asbestos Levels in Schools. By Paul C. Constant, Jr., et_
FT EPA-560/5-83-003. Jun. 1983. NTIS PB84-129683. 18 6p.
"Air and bulk samples were collected from 48 units at 25 different
schools of an urban independent school district. These were ana-
lyzed respectively by transmission electron microscopy and polarized
light microscopy techniques for asbestos fiber concentrations."
Asbestos
Analysi s
Lentzen .
- C o n t a i n i
Qual
EPA
i ty As
-560/1
ng
su
3-
Mate
ranee
80-23,
rials in
Program.
Aug.
School Buildings: Bui
By
80.
E. P.
NTIS
Brant"
PB8021
ly, Jr.
7243.
k Sample
and
32p.
D.t.
(f)
"EPA has initiated a quality assurance (QA) program for labo-
ratories claiming capability in the polarized light microscope
(PLM) analysis of bulk samples for asbestos. Commercial and
non-commercial laboratories participating in the program received
samples of four fibrous materials: chrysotile, anthophyl1ite,
fiberglass, and mineral wool."
Asbestos - Containing Materials in School Buildings: Bulk Sample
Analysis Quality Assurance Program. By E~iP~.B r a n 11 y, Jr. E~PA-
560/5-81-001. Mar. 81. PB81-225849. 34p. (f)
"The second round of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
voluntary quality assurance (QA) program for commercial labo-
ratories claiming capability in the polarized light microscope
analysis of bulk samples for asbestos was conducted in August and
September, 1980."
Asbestos - Containing Materials in School Buildings : A Guidance
Document. Part 1. By Office of Toxic Substances, E.P.A. EPA560/1-
82-002. Mar. 1979. NTIS PB82-225962. 73p. (f)
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"Recently there has been an increasing awareness of the sig-
nificance of environmental factors in causing illness. The
fibrous mineral known as asbestos, used in many different kinds
of products and applications, has entered the environment in
both occupational and non-occupational settings."
Asbestos - Containing Materials in School Buildings: Guidance for
Asbestos Analytical Programs. By D. Lucas, et_ al . EPA-560/ 13-80-
017A. Dec. 1980. NTIS PB 81-243586. 10 6p. (TJ
"This document is one in a series prepared in support of the EPA
asbestos-in-schools program. It was developed to provide guid-
ance to local school officials and their staffs in determining
the presence or absence of asbestos in school buildings. Data
and information generated during the EPA technical assistance
program have been used to design a rigorous sampling and anal-
ysis scheme for bulk materials."
Bulk Sample Analysis for Asbestos Content: Evaluation of the
Tentative Method .~"ByETP"! Brantly Jr. , et TTEPA- 600/4-82-021.
Apr. 1982. NTIS PB82-196841. 13 6p. (f)
"The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) asbestos-in-
schools program was established in March, 1979 to provide infor-
mation and technical assistance to the public for addressing
problems presented by asbestos-containing insulation materials
in school buildings."
Evaluation of the Asbestos-in-Schools Identification and Notifi -
cation RuTi"!By Janet Greenblatt. EPA-5 60 / 5-84-005. 0~ct~;T9~84.
(NoNTIS number assigned yet)
Indoor Air Pollution: An Emerging Health Problem. By General
Accounting Office. CED-80-111. Sept. 1980, NTIS PB81-160087.
46p. (f)
"Traditionally it has been presumed that a person was protected
from polluted air when indoors. Recent research has shown,
however, that this may not always be true. Various harmful
pollutants including radon, formaldehyde, and nitrogen dioxide
have been found in the air in homes, offices, schools, and even
in recreational facilities."
Interim
sul at
Mar.
i on
82.
Meth
Samp
NTI
od for the Det
les. By D. E.
S PB83-153643,
ermi nation
Lent
54 p.
zen ,
(f)
of
et_
Asbestos 1
ll-
EPA-
n Bui
600/4
k I
-82
n-
-020.
"This report presents information on the development and char-
acterization of the standard procedures for analysis of bulk
samples with polarized light microscopy (PLM) and x-ray dif-
fraction (XRD), and includes the interim method for the deter-
mination of asbestos in bulk insulation samples."
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Measurement of Asbestos Air Pollution Inside Buildings Sprayed
with Asbestos. By P. Sebastien, ejt_ aj_. EPA-5 60/13-80-02 6. August
1980. NTIS PB81-147001. 75p.
"This report is a translation of a document prepared in 1977 for
the French Ministry of Health and the French Ministry for the
Quality of Life-Environment on the measurement and assessment of
airborne asbestos levels in buildings throughout Paris."
BOOKS
Citations are in alphabetical order by title:
TITLE CALL NO.
Asbestos: An Information Resource. By Richard J. Levine. RA 1231
SRI International, U.S. National Cancer Institute, .A8S18
Prevention Branch, c!978.
Asbestos and Disease. By Irving J. Selikoff, e_t^ aj_. New RC 775
York : Academic Press, c!978. .A8S44
Asbestos in Schools: A Dilemma: Report. By General TD 887
Accounting Office.Washington, D. C. : U.S. G.A.O., .A8U534
C1982.
Asbestos in the Environment. By J. R. Kramer, et_
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"Airborne particulate samples were collected in several public
schools before and after friable asbestoscontaining insulation
material had been removed from ceilings. Transmission elec-
tron microscopy with selected area electron diffraction tech-
niques facilitated fiber identification and counting. Asbestos
fiber concentrations in indoor air were in the range 5-40 mg/M3
before insulation removal. Measurements made one week after
removal showed reductions of 56-90%."
"Arizona's School Asbestos Program." By Mike J. Charette. Journal
of Environmental Health. Vol. 45, No. 3, Nov. - Dec. 1982, pp.
135-37.
"The state of Arizona Dept. of Education operates a successful
program to remove Asbestos-containing building materials from
schools. Drawing from the expertise of the Dept. of Health
Services, Bureau of Environmental Hygiene and Sanitation,
Bureau of Waste Control, and eliciting cooperation of school
officials. Includes an asbestos detection/control flowchart."
"Asbestos." Clean Air (England). Vol. 13, No. 2, 1983, p. 57.
"The Asbestos Dilemma: Detection, Regulatory Options, and Statis-
tical Approaches to Identification." Hypotenuse. July-Aug. 1983.
pp. 10-19.
"The EPA regulations that took effect in June 1983 require
that school buildings be inspected for the presence of friable
asbestos. Since the late 1970s, asbestos-containing materials
have been removed from thousands of schools. Although the
substance is known to be toxic, no one knows for sure what
risks are associated with low levels of exposure. The cost
effectiveness of several alternatives for regulating asbestos
is discussed. A discussion of statistical approaches to
identification and asbestos hot-lines are included."
"Asbestos: Still a Danger in Schools." By Elaine S. Knapp. State
Government News. Vol. 27, No. 3, Mar. 1984. pp. 4-9.
"The use of asbestos materials in schools buildings was common
from the mid-1940s until EPA banned sprayed asbestos in 1973.
The agency requires schools to inspect for the material and
notify parents and employees of asbestos hazards; no removal
or abatement is required by EPA. However, a recent EPA report
found that many schools did not meet its June 1983 deadline
for asbestos detection, recordkeeping, and notification. The
problem is attracting national attention."
"Congress Ready to Examine Asbestos Compensation Issue; But Regu-
lation Lags." By Kathy Koch. Congressional Quarterly Weekly
Report. Vol. 40, Feb. 6, 1982. pp. 204-205,
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"Extrapolation from Occupational Studies: A Substitute for Environ-
mental Epidemiology." By Philip E. Enterline. Envi ronmental
Health Perspectives. Vol. 42, Dec. 1981. pp. 39-45.
"Three linear models-based on data from the U.S., Canada, and
the U.K.-for extrapolating occupational data to general envi-
ronmental exposures are described. The models are applied to
asbestos exposures resulting from heat shields in hair dryers
and asbestos exposures in public school buildings; cancer
mortality from these exposures are predicted. Linear models
are compared to a curvilinear dose-response curve which shows
little response at low levels of exposure. Asbestos exposure
in school buildings poses more of a risk than hair dryers."
"Federal Regulation - Too Little : the Consumer Product Safety
Commission and Asbestos." By Howie Kurtz. Washington Monthly.
Vol. 9, No. 10, Dec. 1977, pp. 28-31.
"The manufacturers of asbestos products have known for years
that asbestos can hurt people, just as they knew 50 years ago
that they were destroying the lungs of their workers. They
took a calculated risk that the hapless bureaucrats in
Washington world not take their products off the market in the
near future. So far, that risk has paid off."
"Huge Cost of Removing Asbestos Daunts Schools." By William E.
Schmidt. New York Times. Oct. 5, 1983. P. A21.
"A recent report by the U. S. Dept. of Education indicates
that it will cost about $1.4 billion to remove asbestos from
14,000 private and public school buildings around the country.
Many school officials are alarmed about where they will be
able to find money to finance these renovations. Removal
costs are estimated to run about $100,000 per school building,
and a recent survey indicates that over half of the schools in
the U.S. have not yet identified and reported on asbestos-
containing buildings in their areas,"
"New Study Shows States Not Regulations, Funding School Asbestos
Cleanup." AFL-CIO/CLC Service Employees International Union
Newsrelease. Apr. 3, 1984.
"A new study released by the Union shows little is being done
at the state level to combat asbestos contamination of schools.
This expensive cleanup undertaking is being advocated to
reduce the future incidence of asbestos-related diseases in
children and school workers. Although EPA regulations require
school districts to inspect for friable asbestos and report
findings. There are no regulations governing or mandating
removal activities. A lack of state funds and legislation
supporting asbestos removal is also noted."
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"Pollution Topics." Environmental Health. Vol. 91, No. 12, Dec.
1983. p. 339.
"Removal and Disposal of An Environmental Carcinogen: Asbestos."
By Severio D. Fodero. Journal of Environmental Health. Vol. 40,
No. 3, Nov.-Dec. 1977. pp. 133-137.
"This article details the removal and disposal of asbestos
ceiling material in a Yale University building. The removal
process utilized a water and wetting agent technique used by
firefighters and the debris disposal was in a sanitary land-
fill, following federal regulations for the handling of
hazardous materials."
"School' Asbestos Control Program." By John D. Dekany. EPA. Pre-
sented at National Environmental Health Association 43rd Annual
Educational Congrence. Charl eston, June 23-28, 1979. pT8~A~(9).
FEDERAL REGISTER AND CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATION
Citations are in. reverse chronological order:
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, 40 CFR Part 763 Asbestos in
Schools; [OPTS-211012C; TSH-FRL 2608-3], 49 FR 31302, Aug. 6,
1984.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, 40 CFR Part 763 Asbestos in
Schools; Response to Petition, [OPTS-211012C; TSH-FRL-2608-3], 49 FR
24552, Jun. 14, 1984.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, [OPTS-211012B , TSH-FRL2595-8] , 49
FR 22407, May 29, 1984.
CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION, 16 CFR Ch. II Regulatory
Flexibility Act; Semiannual Regulatory Flexibility and Unified
Agendas, 49 FR 16578, Apr. 19, 1984.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, 40 CFR Part 763 Response to
Citizen's Petition on Asbestos; Public Meeting, [OPTS-211012A;
TSH-FRC2566-5], 49 FR 15094, Apr. 17, 1984.
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
29 CFR Parts 1910 Occupational Exposure to Asbestos, [Docket No.
H-033C], 49 FR 14116, Apr. 10, 1984.
VETERANS ADMINISTRATION, 48 CFR Chapter 8 Administration Regula-
tions, 49 FR 12582, Mar. 29, 1984.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, 40 CFR Part 763 Asbestos; Res-
ponse to Citizens' Petition, [OPTS-211012; TSH-FRL-2506-3], 49 FR
8450, Mar. 7, 1984.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, [ODRM-FRL-249 61 ], 48 FR 51838,
Nov. 14, 1983.
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, Occupation Safety and Health Administration
29 CFR Part 1910. Occupational Exposure to Asbestos, [Docket No.
H-0330], 48 FR 51086, Nov. 4, 1984.
CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION, 16 CFR Ch. II Regulatory
Flexibility Act; Semiannual Regulatory Flexibility and Unified
Agendas, 48 FR 48064, Oct. 17, 1983.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, 48 FR 45280, Oct. 4, 1983.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, [OPRM-FRL-2435-1], 48 FR 41809,
Sept. 19, 1983.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, 40 CFR Part 763 Asbestos; Friable
Asbestos-Containing Materials in Schools; Identification and Noti-
fication, [OPTS-61004B; TSH-FRL-20 64-3], 47 FR 23360, May 27, 1983.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, 40 CFR Part 707 Asbestos Export
Notification, [TSH-FRL-1881-5; OPTS-120001C], 46 FR 37608, Jul. 21,
1981.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, Office of Elementary and Secondary Educa-
tion, 34 CFR Parts 230 and 231 Asbestos Detection and Control:
Local Educational Agencies; Asbestos Detection and State Plan:
State Educational Agencies, 46 FR 4536, Jan. 16, 1981.
Contact points in order to get more information:
If you should have any questions about this asbestos bibliography,
please refer to Ms. Michelle Lee in the EPA Headquarters Library,
Tel: (202) 382-5921.
Additional information on EPA's asbestos program is available from:
The Exposure Evaluation Division, Office of Toxic Substances,
EPA. Tel: (202) 382-3569.
The Asbestos Action Program in EPA, Office of Pesticides and
Toxic Substances. Tel: (202) 382-3949.
The EPA - Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), Office of Toxic
Substances. Tel: 800-424-9065. (554-1404 in the Washington
Area).
Additional information on the effects of asbestos on health is
available from Asbestos, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
20205. Call 800-638-6694; in MD, 800-492-6600.
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CURRENTLY AVAILABLE GTS PUBLICATIONS ON ASBESTOS
Title
Asbestos-Containing
Materials in School
Buildings: A Guidance
Document Part 1
(COOOQO)
Asbestos-Containing
Materials in School
Buildings: A Guidance
Document Part 2
(coongo)
Support Document
Commercial and
Industrial Uses of
Asbestos, Economic
Analysis of Reporting
Forms, Proposed Rule
Section 8(a) Toxic
Substances Control Act
Support Document for
Proposed Rule on School
Buildinas. Health Effects
and Magnitude of Exposure.
Proposed Rule, Section 6,
Toxic Substances Control Act
Support Document for
Asbestos-Containing Materials
in Schools, Economic Impact
Analysis of Identifcation
and Notification, Proposed
Rule, Section 6, Toxic
Substances Contol Act
Asbestos-Containing Materials
in School Buildings: Bulk
Sample Analysis Quality
Assurance Program (Round One)
Asbestos-Containing Materials
in School Buildings: Bulk
Sample Analysis Ouality
Assurance Program (Round Two)
EPA
Number
NTIS
Number
EPA 560/1-82-002 PB 82-225-962
EPA 450/2-78-014 PB 82-225-970
EPA 560/4-81-001 PB 81-156-168
EPA 560/12-80-003 PB 81-141-657
EPA 560/12-80-004 PB 81-141-640
EPA 560/13-80-23 PB 80-217-243
EPA 560/5-81-001 PB 81-225-849
Asbestos in Schools
EPA 560/5-81-002 PB 81-225-823
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Title
Asbestos Analytical
Programs Bulk Sample
Analysis: New York City
and Maryland
Measurement of Asbestos
Air Pollution Inside
Buildinqs Sprayed with
Asbestos: Paris
Identifying Potential
Asbestos Exposures in
Schools: The Montgomery
County Experience
Asbestos-Containing
Materials in School
Buildings, Guidance for
Asbestos Analytical Programs
Asbestos-Containing
Materials in School
Buildings, Guidance for
Asbestos Analytical Programs;
Statistical Background
Document
Identifying Potential
Asbestos Exposures in
Schools: The New York
City Experience
Characteristics of the
Asbestos Exposure Assessment
Algorithm
Airborne Asbestos Levels
in Schools: A Design Study
Guidance for Controlling
Friable Asbestos-Containing
Materials in Buildings
Airborne Asbestos Levels
in Schools
Evaluation of the Asbestos-
In-Schools Identification
and Notification Rule
EPA
Number
NTIS
Number
EPA 560/13-80-21 PB 81-146-722
EPA 560/13-80-026 PB 81-147-001"
EPA 560/13-80-039 PB 81-243-502
EPA 560/13-80-017A PB 81-243-586
EPA 560/13-80-017B PB 82-225-343
EPA 560/5-81-in PB 83-256-214
EPA 560/5-81-005 PB 83-253-500
EPA 560/5-81-006 PB 83-253-492
EPA 560/5-83-002 PB 83-214-924
EPA 560/5-83-003 PB 84-129-683
EPA 560/5-84-005 PB 85-135-085
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Title
Asbestos In Buildings: A
National Survey of Asbestos-
Containing Friable Materials
Evaluation of Asbestos
Abatement Techniques:
Phase I - Removal
Evaluation of Asbestos
Abatement Techniques:
Phase II - Encapsulation
Asbestos In Buildings:
Guidance for Service and
Maintenance Personnel
Transport of Airborne
Asbestos Fibers Within a
Building
EPA
Number
NT IS
Number
EPA 560/5-84-006 PB 85-136-653
EPA 560/5-85-019
EPA 560/5-85-020
EPA 560/5-85-018
EPA 560/5-85-021
NTIS PB number will be assigned when document is published.
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