ASSESSMENT
                 OF
       GROUND WATER MONITORING
                 FOR
  LAND TREATMENT AND LAGOON SYSTEMS
                 AT
   EPA CONSTRUCTION GRANT PROJECTS

            Prepared for

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Municipal Pollution Control
   Municipal Construction Division
       Washington, D.C.  20460
           March 26, 1985
                 by

         ERM-Southeast, Inc.
              Suite 201
       2623 Sandy Plains Road
         Marietta, GA  30066

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Page Intentionally Blank

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                       ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ERM would like to acknowledge and express our appreciation to
the  state  contacts for providing  the information  contained
herein.  Upon  completion of  the  first draft of  this  report,
all of the state contacts were sent copies of the appropriate
sections for review.   ERM  would,  thus,  also like  to  express
our  appreciation  to  the  contacts  in Arkansas,  California,
Connecticut,   Delaware,  Florida,  Idaho,   Indiana,  Maryland,
Michigan, New  Jersey, North  Carolina,   North  Dakota,  Ohio,
Virginia, Wyoming, and Wisconsin  for their comments  on  that
draft.

The information in this document was prepared  for  the Office
of   Municipal   Pollution   Control   under  contract   number
68-01-6622.   This document has not been subjected to  the
agency's peer and administrative review  and, therefore,•does
not necessarily reflect the views  of the  agency.

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                        ASSESSMENT OF
                 GROUND WATER MONITORING  FOR
             LAND TREATMENT AND LAGOON  SYSTEMS  AT
               EPA CONSTRUCTION GRANT PROJECTS
Executive Summary

The appropriate regulatory agencies  of each of  the fifty
states were contacted to determine  the  status  of  their ground
water monitoring requirements  for  land treatment systems as
required for construction grant projects  funded under Title  2
of the  Clean  Water Act.   In addition, eight of the states
reported having requirements for ground  water monitoring at
lagoons,  while  the  majority   of   the  states   use  seepage
limitations as  a  means  of protecting ground water  near
lagoons.

Thirty-seven  states  do have  requirements   for  ground water
monitoring at  land  treatment systems.    The thirteen states
with  no requirements  for ground  water  monitoring  at land
treatment  systems  gave the  following  information regarding
their requirements.   In three of these states (Alaska, Rhode
Island,  and West Virginia), land treatment is not considered
to be either technically or economically feasible  by the
state agency;   Kentucky,  Hawaii,   and  Ohio  reported  that no
land treatment systems have been built  under the. construction
grants program in their  states, while  Mississippi and North
Dakota reported that the current systems  were all located in
areas where ground  water monitoring was hot  believed  to be
necessary.   Two  states,  Indiana and Louisiana,  are  in the
process   of developing  ground  water protection regulations
which may include monitoring requirements for land treatment
systems.   Vermont,  Texas  and  Colorado have  land treatment
systems    and   consider   ground   water   monitoring   on    a
case-by-case basis, but do not have ground water monitoring
programs in place.

Three categories were  developed  to delineate  the  type of
ground  water  monitoring  requirements  at  land  treatment
systems.   The first  category  (Category 1) is  composed of
states which have no  guidelines or do  not generally require
ground water  monitoring.   Category  2  includes  states which
require  ground water monitoring and have established certain
minimum requirements.   Category 3 includes those  states which
have site-specific  requirements, or states  with  a geology so
diverse as to prevent development of uniform requirements for
the  state.   The  states  falling   into  each category  are
summarized in Table 1.

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                                                            TABLE 1
                                                 SUMMARY OF STATE GROUND WATER
                                                    MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
                                             FOR LAND TREATMENT AND LAGOON SYSTEMS
EPA REGIONS
Category I
1 RI
VT
2 CT
MA
ME



3 NH

II III
WV

NY MD
NJ PA
VA



DE

IV
MS
KY
AL
FL
GA
NC
SC
TN
_

V
IN
OH
IL
WI
•



MI
MN
VI VII
LA
TX
AR IA
MM KS
OK MO
NE


O — ""

VIII -IX
CO HI
ND
MT CA
SD
VT



WY AZ
NV
X Total
AR 13

WA 29
ID




OR 8

Category 1 - No guidelines for ground water monitoring or ground water monitoring is not generally required.
Category 2 - Guidelines for ground water monitoring exist.
Category 3 - Monitoring requirements are site-specific or state-wide guidelines cannot be formulated.

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Most  of  the  states  require  some  form  of  ground  water
monitoring at land treatment sites, as is apparent from Table
1.  The monitoring requirements of  each  state  as  reported by
the contacts listed in Appendix A  are  summarized  in Tables 1
through 10 of the  report.   Briefly, however,  one upgradient
and one or two  downgradient wells  is typical.  Analyses for
nitrate-nitrogen, ammonia  nitrogen,  pH and  conductivity,  or
total dissolved solids, either on  a  quarterly  or  semi-annual
basis, is also typical. t,.Few states have any chain of custody
procedures for ground water samples, while approximately half
of the  states have  guidelines  for  the  construction of  the
monitoring wells.

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                        ASSESSMENT OF
                 GROUND WATER MONITORING  FOR
             LAND TREATMENT AND LAGOON SYSTEMS AT
               EPA CONSTRUCTION GRANT PROJECTS


 Introduction

 In  recent years,  a considerable number of municipal  land
 treatment   systems   and   wastewater   lagoons   have   been
 constructed  and financed with  federal funds  under EPA' s
 Construction  Grants Program.   Since both of these  processes
 can  have  an  impact on ground water  quality,  it  is  important
 that they be  monitored  for such  impact.  A first  step  toward
 determining   the  adequacy  of  the  present  ground  water
 monitoring requirements  for  municipal  land treatment  systems
 and  lagoons is to review the present requirements.


 Objectives

 The  objective of this investigation was to  gather  information
 on  the  extent of the  states'  requirements  for ground water
 monitoring at municipal wastewater land application  sites and
 lagoons.    The  results  of  this  effort  combined with  a
 subsequent investigation of the  availability of ground water
monitoring data from individual systems,  can be  used to
 determine   the  adequacy   of   the   present  requirements.
 Recommendations for improving the monitoring requirements can
 then be made.
Scope of Study

In  this  study,  the  appropriate regulatory  agencies  of the
fifty  states  were contacted,  primarily  by telephone,  to
determine their ground water monitoring  requirements.  United
States' territories and  possessions  as  well as the District
of Columbia were not contacted in this effort.
Summary of State Requirements

The extent of  the  states'  requirements  were  used as a basis
for classifying each  state into one  of three  categories.
These  categories  are  defined  below and  apply  primarily to
land treatment  systems and not to lagoon treatment systems.
Most states use seepage limitations as a means of protecting
the ground water  beneath  lagoons.  Thus,  only a  limited
number  of  states   require  ground  water  monitoring  for
wastewater lagoons.

     Category 1; No specific requirements - The state has no
requirements for,  or does not generally  require,  ground water
monitoring at land treatment systems.

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     Category 2; Specific requirements exist - The  state has
formal requirements or guidelines  for  ground water monitoring
which  generally specify the minimum number of  wells, the
placement of  these wells,  the  sampling  frequency,  and the
analyses to be performed.  States which determine the  number
and placement of the wells on a  case-by-case basis,  but which
otherwise have general standards for the monitoring  frequency
and analyses,  are included in category 2.
                                .V*"
     Category  3:  Site-specific  requirements  ^-  The   state
generally requires ground water monitoring  at land  treatment
sites; however,   this category  differs from Category 2  in
that  the number  of wells,  placement  of these  wells, the
sampling frequency  and  the  analyses  to  be performed are
generally  site-specific.    To  some   extent,  all  states'
requirements are  site-specific.   Category  3  is  intended  to
include those states that require a hydrogeologic or similar
study to determine the specific  monitoring  requirements for a
land treatment  system.   States with  a  diverse  geology that
precluds development of a general state-wide policy are also
included in category 3.

A  summary  of the  ground water monitoring requirements for
each  state,  using  the  above  classification  system,   is
presented below.   Tables 1  through 10  present  a summary  of
the monitoring requirements for each  state,  listed  according
to EPA.Regions.   The information  presented in, these  tables
was reported by the state contact  identified in Appendix A  as
being representative  of  the typical  monitoring  requirements
for a  land  treatment system in their  state.   For ease  of
reference,  Tables  1  through  10  are presented at  the  end  of
this section.   A support  document  used to  develop  this  report
is presented  as Appendix B.   The  information  presented  in
Appendix B provides more  detailed  description of each state's
monitoring requirements.


Region I (Table 1,  page 11)

No Specific Requirements -  Two  states:  Rhode  Island and
Vermont  have  no   formal   requirements  for  ground   water
monitoring  at  land  treatment   sites.     The  Rhode   Island
Division of Water Supply and Pollution  Control,  however, has
not   funded   any   land   treatment   projects   through  the
construction grants  program.   The  majority  of  the land
treatment systems in Vermont are leach  fields,  some of which
have  monitoring  wells   to  check  primarily for   mounding.
Vermont also has two municipal spray  irrigation systems, one
of which .has  monitoring  wells.   The  wells at the  monitored
system,  however,  were   installed  as  part of   a   research
project,  and the  monitoring  results  are not sent to the
state.   The other  system is underdrained,  and the  discharge

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from the underdrains is monitored under the Vermont Agency of
Environmental Conservation's NPDES program.  Both states will
evaluate the ground  water  monitoring  requirements  for future
systems on a case-by-case basis.


Specific Requirements  Exist - The Connecticut  Department  of
Environmental   Protection,   Massachusetts   Department   of
Environmental Quality  Engineering,  and the  Maine  Department
of  Environmentc."1.  Protection require ground  water  monitoring
at  land treatment  and  lagoon sites.   Table  1  summarizes  the
requirements for monitoring reported by each state.


Site-Specific Requirements  - The New Hampshire Water Supply
and Pollution Control Commission's (NHWSPCC)  requirements  for
ground water monitoring  at land treatment sites and  lagoons
are  site-specific.   The NHWSPCC does, however,  generally
require ground water monitoring.


     Region 2 (Table 2, page 12)

Specific Requirements  Exist - The New York  State  Department
of  Environmental   Conservation  (NYSDEC)   and  New   Jersey
Department of  Environmental Protection (NJDEP) both  require
ground water monitoring at land treatment systems.   The NJDEP
also "requires ground water monitoring at  municipal  lagoons.
The monitoring  requirements of seach state are  summarized  in
Table 2.                               .
     Region 3 (Table 3, page 13)

No Specific  Requirements  - The  West Virginia Department  of
NaturalResources(WVDNR) does not have any  requirements  for
ground water  monitoring at land  treatment  or lagoon  sites.
Given West Virginia's mountainous terrain  and the requirement
for secondary treatment prior to  land  application,  the  WVDNR
does not believe land treatment is. a  cost-effective  treatment
technology in West Virginia.
Specific Requirements Exist -  The Maryland  Department of
Health  and Mental  Hygiene,  the  Pennsylvania  Department of
Environmental Resources, and the  Virginia  Wastewater  Control
Board, all require  ground water monitoring at  land  treatment
sites.   In addition,  Virginia  also requires  ground water
monitoring of  wastewater lagoons.   Table  3 summarizes  the
requirements of each state.

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Site-Specific  Requirements  -  The   Delaware   Department  of
Natural Resources and Environmental  Control (DNREC)  requires
a  hydrogeologic  study on  any land  treatment  site before
determining the monitoring requirements.


Region 4 (Table 4, page 14)

No Specific Requirements - The Mississippi  Department of
Natural Resources  (MDNR)  and  Kentucky Department of Natural
Resources  and  Environmental   Protection  (KDNREP)   have  no
specific requirements  for  ground  water monitoring  at land
treatment  sites.   The  hydrogeology of  most  land treatment
sites in Mississippi is such that ground water monitoring is
not  believed  to be  necessary.   No  land treatment  projects
with a  ground water monitoring system  are  believed  to have
been constructed in Kentucky.


Specific Requirements Exist - The remaining states in  Region
4(Alabama,Florida,Georgia,  North  Carolina,  South Carolina,
and  Tennessee)  all  have  requirements  for  ground  water
monitoring  at land treatment  sites,  and these  requirements
are summarized in Table 4.
Region 5 (Table 5,. page 15)

No Specific Requirements - Neither  the  Indiana  State Board of
Health(ISBH)northeOhio  Environmental  Protection Agency
(OEPA)  have  any  specific   requirements   for  ground  water
monitoring at  land treatment sites.   Ohio  state  law does,
however,  mandate  ground water  monitoring  if a  potential
health  hazard  exists.   The  ISBH  is  in  the  process  of
developing a ground  water  protection  strategy  which  may
include  ground   water   monitoring  requirements   for  land
treatment and lagoons.


Specific  Requirements  Exist - The  Illinois  Environmental
Protection Agency  and  the  Wisconsin  Department  of Natural
Resources  have  specific  monitoring  requirements  which  are
summarized in Table 5.
Site-Specific  Requirements   -   The   Michigan  Department  of
Natural Resources and the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
generally requires ground  water monitoring; however,  the
monitoring  requirements  are established  on  a  case-by-case
basis.

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     Region 6 (Table 6, page 16)

No Specific Requirements - The  Texas Department of Water
Resources  (TDWR)  does not have  any requirements  for  ground
water  monitoring  at  land  treatment sites.  A  review of  the
site   hydrogeology   is  conducted  by  the  TDWR;   however,
monitoring wells  are  not generally required.   The TDWR  does
require  that  the  ground water  quality be determined  before
start-up of  a land  treatment  system.    In  this manner,  the
background  water  quality  data  will   be  available  should
contamination occur after start-up.  T'..-e Louisiana  Department
of Natural Resources (LDNR) does not have any  requirement for
ground water  monitoring  at either lagoons or  land treatment
systems.  Applicable regulations,  however,  are  currently
being drafted.


Specific Requirements Exist  - Arkansas,  New  Mexico,  and
Oklahoma require  ground water  monitoring  at   land treatment
sites  (Table  6).   The Arkansas  Department  of  Pollution
Control  and  Ecology  (ADPCE)   does  not  require  treatment
systems  to  submit monitoring data  to  the ADPCE for  review.
The Oklahoma Department of Health (ODH) requires ground water
monitoring and  requires  the  treatment systems to  submit  the
data to  the ODH.   The ODH, however, does not  currently  have
any data on file.


     Region 7 (Table 7, page  17)         f

Specific Requirements Exist - The Missouri  Department of
Natural   Resources (MDNR) and the Nebraska  Department of
Environmental Quality  (NDEQ)  consider ground water  monitoring
at land  treatment  sites.   The NDEQ requires ground water
monitoring  at  approximately  half  of  the  land  treatment
systems  in Nebraska.  The MDNR generally only  requires  ground
water  monitoring  at  rapid  infiltration systems.   The  Iowa
Department of Environmental  Quality (IDEQ) and the  Kansas
Department of Health  and  Environment  (KDHE)  both generally
require  ground water monitoring at  land  treatment  sites,  and
these requirements are summarized in Table 7.


     Region 8 (Table 8, page  18)

No Specific Requirements - The  Colorado  Department of  Health
(CDH)does  not  have  any  regulations requiring ground  water
monitoring at land treatment sites;  although,  the CDH  does
encourage treatment systems to install monitoring wells.   The
North  Dakota  Divison  of Water  Supply  and Pollution  Control
(NDDWSPC) generally does not require ground water  monitoring
at land  treatment  sites.   Soil  and geologic  conditions in

                             -8

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North Dakota are  such that ground  water  monitoring is thus
not generally believed to  be  necessary by  the  NDDWSPC.   At
systems  where ground water monitoring  is believed  to be
necessary,   the  ground  water   monitoring  requirements   are
site-specific.


Specific  Requirements  Exist  -  The Montana Department of
Health and Environmental Sciences  (MDHES),  the South  Dakota
Department  of  Health   and  Natural  Resources  Management
(SDDHNRW)  and the Utah-Bureau of  Water Pollution Control
(UBWPC)  generally  require  ground  water  monitoring  at land
treatment sites.  Typical  monitoring requirements for these
states are presented in Table 8.


Site-Specific  Requirements  -  The  Wyoming  Department  of
Environmental Quality's(WDEQ)  requirements  are  site-specific
and  are  dependent   upon  factors   such  as  the  depth   and
classification of the aquifer.


     Region 9 (Table 9, page 19)

No Specific  Requirements - The Hawaii  State Department o'f
Health (HSDH) has  no requirements for ground water monitoring
at land treatment sites.   According to HSDH officials, there
are no municipal land treatment systems  in Hawaii.


Specific  Requirements Exist  - The California  State Water
ResourcesControlBoard(CSWRCB)  generally requires  ground
water monitoring at  land  treatment  systems unless  there is no
known beneficial use  for the  ground water.     The CSWRCB is
composed of  nine  regional  offices,  and each  regional  office
establishes the ground water monitoring requirements for  the
region.   Table 9 summarizes the typical requirements for  the
nine regions.


Site-Specific Requirements  - The Arizona Department  of  Health
Services(ADHS)  andtheNevada  Department  of  Environmental
Protection  (NDEP)  require   ground  water  monitoring  at land
treatment  sites.    The  specific requirements,  however,   are
based upon the site  conditions.


     Region 10 (Table 10, page  20)

No   Specific  Requirements   -  The Alaska  Department  of
Environmental   Conservation   (ADEC)   does    not   have   any
requirements for  ground - wate-r monitoring at land  treatment

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sites.  Given the climatic conditions, land treatment is not
considered by the ADEC to be a  feasible treatment technology
in Alaska.
Specific  Requirements  Exist  - The  Washington  Department of
Ecology (WDE) and the Idaho Department of Health and Welfare
(IDHW)  generally require ground water  monitoring  at  land
treatment  sites,  and  these  requirements are  summarized in
Table 10.


Site-Specific  Requirements  -   The  Oregon  Department  of
Environmental Quality's (ODEQ)  requirements  for ground water
monitoring are based upon the  site conditions.    Typical
monitoring requirements  for  systems with  a  ground water
monitoring program are summarized in Table 10.
                              10

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                                                            TABLE 1

                                   SUMMARY OF GROUND WATER MONITORING REQUIREMENTS BY STATE*
                                                         EPA REGION I
                          CT
ME
                                                                 MA
                                                                                 NH
                                                                                                      RI
                                                                                                              VT
Monitoring wplls
required for:
Land treatment
Lagoons
Minimum No. of Wells:
upgradient
on-site
downgradient
Sampling Frequency:
first year
thereafter
Monitoring Parameters:
.

Guidelines for
Monitofng Well
Construction:
Disposition of
Monitoring Data:


Chain of Custody
Procedures
Routinely Used:


yes
yes

1
-
2

4-12/year
4-12/year
NO3-N,NH3-N.
TKH.C1, Total P,
fecal coliform

formal


state
permit
file

no




yes
yes
-
1-2
-
site-specific

2-4/year
2-4/year
NH,-N.NO-.-N,
Total P.C1,
Total & fecal
coliforms
None, EPA
guidelines
used
state permit
file and
computer data
storage system
yes, by
state
only


yes
yes

1
-
3

depends upon
flow rate
pH.BOD,
SS.NO..-N,
NH3-N7TKN

formal


state
permit
file

no




yes
yes

site-
specific


site-
specific
N03-N.pH.
Total P, BOD
or COD, metals
Cond.
formal


state
permit
file

yes




** no
no no

NA NA
NA NA


NA NA

NA NA


NA informal


NA state
permit
file

NA no


 •Requirements  apply generally to land treatment systems
**Land treatment  is  not considered a cost-effective technology due to insufficient land availablility.

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                                TABLE 2

        SUMMARY OF GROUND WATER MONITORING REQUIREMENTS BY STATE
                             EPA REGION  II
                             NJ
                                                   NY*
Monitoring wells
required for:

   Land treatment
   Lagoons

Minimum No. of Wells:

   upgradient
   on-site
   downgradient

Sampling Frequency:

   first year
   thereafter

Monitoring Parameters:
yes
yes
4/year
4/year

NH -N,NO -N,
TKH, pH, TDS
yes
no
                      site-specific
12/year
12/year
NO3-N,others
on a case-by-
case basis
Guidelines for
Monitoring Well
Construction:

Disposition of
Monitoring Data:
formal

state
computer
data storage
file
none

state
permit
file
Chain of Custody
Procedures
Routinely Used:
yes
                      no
*The regional offices of the New York Department of Environmental
 Conservation develop specific- requirements for
 ground water monitoring.

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                                             TABLE  3

                    SUMMARY OF GROUND WATER MONITORING  REQUIREMENTS  BY STATE
                                         EPA REGION III
                        DE*
                                         MD
PA
              VA
                                WV*
Monitoring wells
required for:
Land treatment
Lagoons
Minimum No. of Wells:
upgradient
on-site
downgradient
Sampling Frequency:
first year
thereafter
Monitoring Parameters:







Guidelines for
Monitoring Well
Construction:
Disposition of
Monitoring Data:

Chain of Custody
Procedures
Routinely Used:


site-specific
no

site-specific
-


site-specific
2/year
site-specific









formal
state
permit
file


no


yes
no

2
-
2

variable
4/year
NO -N.
Total
PO., TDS
C17. feca.1
col i form;
metals &
chlorinated
organics on
annual basis


formal
state
permit
file


no


yes
no

1
-
1

4/year
4/year
NH -N.NO -N,
Total PO;:,
MBAS. others
on an annual
basis .


an



formal
state
permit
file


no


yes
yes

1
-
2

12/year

NO -N,C1,TOC
pHTTotal P
Hardness,
• Alk . , cond . ,
total coliform,
others on a
case-by-case
basis



none
state
permit
file


no


NA
no


NA


NA

NA









NA
NA




NA
*There are no municipal land treatment systems in West Virginia or Delaware.  West Virginia does
 not consider land treatment to be cost-effective given the mountainous terrain.  Delaware
 requries a hydrogeologic study before setting monitoring requirements.

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                                   ;TABLE 4

          SUMMARY OF GROUND WATER  MONITORING REQUIREMENTS  BY  STATE
                                EPA REGION IV
AL
            FL
GA
KY
MS
                                NC
                             SC
                                                                                       TN
Monitoring wells
required for:
Land treatment
Lagoons
Minimum No. of Wells:
upgradient
on-site
downgradient
Sampling Frequency:
first year
thereafter


Monitoring Parameters:




Guidelines for
Monitoring Well
Construction Exist:
Disposition of
Monitoring Data:


Chain of Custody
Procedures
Routinely Used:


yes
no

0
0
2

4/year
4/year


drinking
water
standards





informal
state
permit
file



no


yes
yes

1
1
1

4/year
4/year


drinking
water
standards,
toxics.
others



formal
state
computerized
data storage
system


no


yes
no

1
1
2

varies
with
influent
flow rate
N03-N,pH,
cond . ,
Cl



.

formal
state
permit .
file


yes, by
state only


no no yes
no no yes

NA NA 1
-
1

NA NA 3 /year
NA NA 3/year

:
NA NA NO^-N,NH3-N
NA NA TDS, Cl,
total coli-
form
pH, cond.
water level


NA NA formal
NA NA state
permit
file



NA NA no


yes
yes

1
-
2

4/year
biannual


NO^-N.NH -N
Total P, pH,
Cl.Na, TDS,
TOC, fecal
coliform,
alkalinity


formal
state
computerized
data storage
system


no


yes
no

1
-
1

4/year
4/year


pH,NO3-N
cond . , TOC
total N,
total
coliform,
water level


informal
state
permit .
file



no

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                                                            TABLE .5

                                   SUMMARY OF GROUND WATER MONITORING REQUIREMENTS BY STATE
                                                         EPA REGION V
                          IL
IN*
MI
                                                                             MN
                                                                                             OH
                                                                                                     WI
Monitoring wells
required for:
Land treatment
Lagoons
Minimum No. of Wells:
upgradient
on-site
downgradient
Sampling Frequency:
first year
thereafter
Monitoring Parameters:
Guidelines for
Monitoring Well
Construction:
Disposition of
Monitoring Data:
Chain of Custody
Procedures
Routinely Used:

yes
no
1
1 '

2/year
2/year
NO,-N,NH,-N
C1TSO ,pH
TDS, PO4, fecal
coliform
formal

state
permit
file
no

no yes
no site-
specific
NA site-
specific

NA site-
specific
NA site-
specf ic
NA formal

NA . . state
compliance
file
yes, by
NA state only

site-specific no
site-specific no
site- NA
specific

site- NA
specific
NO^-N.NH,-N NA
TKH.C1,
Cond . , pH
formal NA

state NA
permit
file
no NA

yes
no
1
1

flow dependent
2/year
(NO^+NO )-N,NH3-N,
BODTorg.N
cond.,Cl
COD, TDS, pH,
SO4, Alk.,hard
formal

state
permit
file
no
•Indiana has only recently established a ground water section in the Division of Water Pollution Control.

-------
                                                                   TABLE  6

                                          SUMMARY  OF  GROUND  WATER MONITORING  REQUIREMENTS  BY  STATE
                                                                EPA REGION  VI
                                             AR
                                                              LA.
                                                                       NM
                                       OK
                                       TX
a\
Monitoring wells
required for:
Land treatment
Lagoons
Minimum No. of Wells:
upgradient
on-site
downgradient
Sampling Frequency:
first year
thereafter
Monitoring Parameters:


yes no
no no

i N'A
1
1

4/year NA
4/year
NO -N.C1,
fecal coliform,
others on a
case-by-case
basis

yes
yes

site-
specific

3/year
3/year
Total N
NO,-N, Cl
TDS, fecal
coliform

yes
no

1
1
1

12/year
12/year
NH.-N
metals (annual)


no
no

NA

NA
NA

                      Guidelines for
                      Monitoring Well
                      Construction:

                      Disposition of
                      Monitoring Data:
                      Chain of Custody
                      Procedures
                      Routinely Used:
informal
kept at
facility
no
NA
                                                              NA
                NA
informal
         state
         permit
         file
                                                                       no
                                       none
              state
              permit
              file
                                                                                     no
NA
                                       NA
                                       NA
                      In general,  Texas does not require monitoring wells at land treatment or lagoon systems.

-------
                                             TABLE 7

                SUMMARY OF TYPICAL GROUND WATER MONITORING REQUIREMENTS BY STATE
                                         EPA REGION VII
                           IA
KS
MO
                                   NE
Monitoring wells
required for:
Land treatment
Lagoons
Minimum No. of Wells:
upgradient
on-site
downgradient
Sampling Frequency:
first year
thereafter

Monitoring Parameters:


Guidelines for
Monitoring Well
Construction:
Disposition of
Monitoring Data:


Chain of Custody
Procedures
Routinely Used:



yes
no

1
-
2

flow
dependent

Total N.TKN,
NH-.-N.NO--N
TOC.TDS.pH.Alk
hard., metals,
total coliform
informal



state
permit
file


no



yes
site-specific

1
-
site-specific

2-4/year
2-4/year

NO--N.NH..-N
Total P Sr
PO , SO.
T "»

informal



state
permit
file

.
yes, by
state only


yes*
no

1
-
1

4-12/year
4-12/year

BOD.TSS
NO3-N


informal



state
permit
file


yes, by
state only


yes
no

1
-
2

12/year
site-
specific
NH,-N,NO,-N
NO,-N,Clf
Total P.COD
TDS.pH, alk
hard.
formal



state
permit
file


no

•Monitoring required' usually only at rapid infiltration systems.

-------
                                                          TABLE 8

                                 SUMMARY OF GROUND WATER MONITORING REQUIREMENTS BY STATE
                                                       EPA REGION VIII
                          CO*
MT
ND
SO
UT
                                                                   WY
Monitoring wells
required for:
Land treatment no
Lagoons no
Minimum No. of Wells:
upgradient NA
on-site
downgradient
Sampling Frequency:
first year NA
thereafter

Monitoring Parameters: NA



Guidelines for NA
Monitoring Well
Construction:
Disposition of
Monitoring Data: NA


Chain of Custody
Procedures
Routinely Used: NA


yes
no

1
-
2

4/year
2-4/year

(N0a+N0 )-N
cond., Cl
water level


informal



state
permit
file


no


site-specific
no .'

site-specific



12/year
site-specific

NO..-N, NH..-N
BOD.SS, pH
fecal coliform


formal



state
permit
file


no


yes
site-specific

2
-
2

12/year
12/year

NO -N,NO.-N,
NH^-N.Cl
Cond. , TDS,
fecal coliforms,
others
formal



state
permit
file


no


yes
no

1
-
1

monthly
during
application
NO,-N, total
P, total
coliform •


informal



state
permit
file


no




site-specific
site-specific

. 1
-
2

I/year
I/year

NH--N,
pHT Cl,
Boron,


formal



state
permit
file


yes








NO -N,
TDS
Selenium












*Colorado does not have  regulations  requiring groundwater monitoring at land treatment sites,  but wells are encouraged.

-------
                                   TABLE 9

          SUMMARY OF GROUND WATER MONITORING REQUIREMENTS BY STATE
                               EPA REGIONS IX
                       AZ
          CA
                                                  NV
                                                                    HI
Monitoring wells
required for:
Land treatment
Lagoons
Minimum No. of Wells:
upgradient
on- site
downgradient
Sampling Frequency:
first year
thereafter
Monitoring Parameters:
Guidelines for
Monitoring Well
Construction :
Disposition of
Monitoring Data:

site-
specific
site-
specific

site-
specific

site-
spefific
site-
specific

none
state
permit
file

site-
specific
site-
specific

1
1

2-4/year
2-4/year
NO,-N. Tot. N,
CITTDS.Na

none
state
permit
file

yes
no

site-
specific

site-
specific
NO ,r-N, others
case-by-case
basis

none
state
permit
file

no
no

MA
NA

NA
NA
NA

NA
NA
permit
file
Chain of Custody
Procedures
Normally Used:
no
          no
                           yes
                                             NA

-------
                                                         TABLE 10


                                SUMMARY  OF  GROUND WATER MONITORING REQUIREMENTS  BY  STATE
                                                       EPA REGIONS. X
                                              AK
ID
OR
                                                                                       WA
to
O
Monitoring wells
required for:
Land treatment no

Lagoons no

Minimum No. of Wells:
upgradient NA
on-site NA
downgradient
Sampling Frequency:
first year NA
thereafter
Monitoring Parameters : NA





Guidelines for
Monitoring Well NA
Construction:

Disposition of NA
Monitoring Data:

Chain of Custody
Procedures NA
Normally Used:


yes

no


1
• •
1

12/year
12/year
N03-N,Tot. N
COD,
Total P,
and total
col i form


none


state
permit
file

no



site-
specific
no


site-
specific


4/year
4/year
NO-.-N.NH..-N,
SO^.Cl,
cond . , total
& fecal coli-
form, water
level

none


state
permit
file

yes, by
state only


yes

yes (if
unlined)

1
-
1

flow
dependent
NP--N,
total
col i form




EPA
guidelines
used
state
permit
file

no


-------
                        STATE CONTACTS
                         EPA REGION I
Con .ecticut

Rar>dy May
Cc  lecticut Department of
    Environmental Protection
165 'Japital Avenue
He?, ford, Connecticut  06115
C  ;) 566-3654

Ma Lne

N  cman Marcotte
E partment of Environmental
   Protection
I  spital Street
.  gusta, Maine  04333
  .07) 289-3355

)  \ssachusetts

  Dbert Cady
!  Lvision of Water Pollution
   Control
 assachusetts Department of
   Environmental Quality
   Engineering
100 Cambridge Street
Boston, Massachusetts  02202
(617)  292-5713
Rhode Island

Pierce Klazer
Rhode Island Division of Water
   c'upply and Pollution Control
75 Davis Street
Providence, Rhode Island  02908
(401)  277-2243

Vermont

Edward Leonard
Environmental Engineering
   Division
Vermont Agency of Environmental
   Conservation
State Office Building
Montpelier, Vermont  05602
(802) 828-3345
New Hampshire

Michael Sills
New Hampshire Water Supply and
Pollution Control Commission
P. O. Box 95, Hazen Drive
Concord, New Hampshire  03301
(603) 271-2755
                              21

-------
                         STATE CONTACTS
                         EPA REGION II
New Jersey

Brenda Jogan
New Jersey Department of
   il'ivironmental Protection
P. O. Box CN-029
Trenton, New Jersey  08625
(609)  292-2482

New York

John Marschilok
I/A Processes Section
New York State Department of
   Environmental Conservation
50 Wolf Road
Albany, New York  12233
(518) 457-3810
                              22

-------
                         STATE CONTACTS
                         EPA REGION III
Pennsylvania

Terry Killian
Pennsylvania Department of
Environmental Resources
Bureau of Water Quality
   Management
P. O. Box 2063
Harrisburg,  PA  17120
(717) 787-3481

Delaware

Michael Apgar
Delaware Department of Natural
   Resources and Environmental
   Control
Division of Environmental
   Control
Tatnall Building
Dover, Delaware  19901
(302)  736-5742

Maryland

Ching-Tzone Tien
Office of Environmental
   Records
Department of Health and
   Mental Hygiene
201 W. Preston Street
Baltimore, Maryland  21201
(301)  383-2054
Virginia

Scott Alexander
Virginia State Water
   Control Board
P. O. Box 11143
Richmond, Virginia  23230
(804)  257-6397
West Virginia

Michael Johnson
West Virginia Department of
   Natural Resources
Division of Water Resources
1201 Greenbrier Street
Charleston, West Virginia 25311
(304)  348-0637
                              23

-------
                        STATL CONTACTS
                        EPA  REGION IV
Alabama

Robert Bretzer
Alabama Department of
   Environmental Management
1751 Federal Drive
Montgomery, Alabama  3613C
(205)  271-7700

Florida

James McNeal
Groundwater Section
Florida Department of
   Environmental Regulation
Twin Towers Office Bldg.
2600 Blair Stone Road
Tallahassee,  Florida  32-301
(904) .488-8163

Georgia

Paul S. Dickens
Environmental Protection
    Division
Georgia Department of
    Natural Resources

270 Washington Street, S. W.
Atlanta, Georgia 30334
(404) 656-4769'
Kentucky

Vince Borres
Construction Grants Section
Kentucky Department of Natural
   Resources and Environmental
   Protection
Century Plaza
1065 U. S. 27 South
Frankfort, Kentucky  40601
(502)  564-3410
Mississippi

Louis Montgomery
Municipal Facilities Branch
Mississippi Department of
   Natural Resources
Bureau of Pollution Control
P. O. Box 10385
Jackson, Mississippi  39209
(601) 961-5171

North Carolina

Robert Cheek
Division of Environmental
   Management
North Carolina Department of
   Natural Resources and
   Community Development
P. O. Box 27687
Raleigh, N.C.  27611
(191)  733T-4984

South Carolina

Clyde Livingston
Ground Water Protection
   Division
South Carolina Department of
   Health and Environmental
   Control
2600 Bull Street
Columbia, S. C. 29211

Tennessee

Hari Akunuri
Tennessee Department of
   Public Health
Terra Building
150 Ninth Avenue,  N.
Nashville, Tennessee 37203
(615) 741-7883
                              24

-------
                        STATE CONTACTS
                        EPA  REGION V
Illinois

Bruce Yurdin
Illinois Environmental
   Protection Agency
2200 Churchill Road
Springfield, Illinois  62706
(217) 782-0610

Indiana

Steve W. Kim
Division of Water Pollution
   Control
Indiana State Board of Health
1330 West Michigan Street
Indianapolis, Indiana  46206
(317)  633-0706

Michigan

Scott Ross
Michigan Department, of
   Natural Resources
P. O. Box 30028  .
Lansing, Michigan  48909
(517)  373-8147

Minnesota

Lawrence Zdon
Facilities Section
Division of Water Quality
Minnesota Pollution Control
   Agency
1935 West County Road, B-2
Roseville, Minnesota  51133
(612)  296-7214
Ohio

Sanut K. Barua
Division of Construction
   Grants
Ohio Environmental
   Protection Agency
P. O. Box 1049
Columbus, Ohio  43216

Wisconsin

Rebecca Wallace
Municipal Wastewater Section
Wisconsin Department of
   Natural Resources
P. O. Box 7921
Madison, Wisconsin  53703
(608) 267-7611
                              25

-------
                        STATE CONTACTS
                        EPA  REGION VI
Arkansas

Martin Roy
Arkansas Department of Pollution
   Control and Ecology
8001 National Drive
Little Rock, Arkansas  72209
(501)  562-7444

Louisiana

Ken Fledderman
Louisiana Department of
   Natural Resources
P. O. Box 44066
Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70804
(504)  922-0529

New Mexico

Maxine Goad
New Mexi.co Environmental
   Improvement Agency
P. O. Box 968, Crown Building
Santa Fe, New Mexico  87501
(505)  984-0020

Oklahoma

Dr. H. J. Thung
Oklahoma Department of Health
Environmental Health Services
3400 North Eastern Avenue
P. O. Box 53551
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma  73152

Texas

Milton Rose
Texas Department of Water
   Resources
P. O. Box 13087
Austin, Texas 78711
(512) 475-3926
                              26

-------
                        STATE CONTACTS
                       EPA  REGION VII
Iowa

Tim O'Connor
Iowa Department of
    Environmental Quality
Henry A. Wallace Building
900 E, Grand
Des Moines, Iowa  50319
(515) 281-8911

Kansas

Larry Knoche
Kansas Department of Health
    and Environment
Division of Environment
Bureau of Water Quality
Forbes Field
Topeka, Kansas  66620
(913)  862-9360, ext. 331

Missouri

Donald Barnett
Missouri Department of
   Natural Resources
Program Support Environment
   Section
P. O. Box 1368
Jefferson City, Missouri  65102
(314)  751-3241

Nebraska

Rick Bay
Nebraska Department of
   Environmental Control
Engineering Division
P. O. Box 94877
State House Station
301 Centennial Mall South
Lincoln, Nebraska  68509
(402)  471-2186
                              27

-------
                        STATE CONTACTS
                       EPA ' "REGION VIII
Colorado                  .        Wyoming

Mary Gearhart                     Mike Hackett
Water Quality Control Division    Water Quality Division
Colorado Department of Health     Department of Environmental
4210 E. llth Avenue                 Quality
Denver, Colorado 80220            Hathaway Building
(303)  320-8333                   Cheyenne,  Wyoming  82002
                                  (307) 777-7085
Montana

Scott Anderson
Water Quality Bureau
Environmental Sciences Division
Cogswell Building
Helena, Montana  59620
(406) 444-2406
                                          »
North Dakota

Rodney Beck
Division of Water Supply and
   Pollution Control
North Dakota Department         .     .
   of Health
Missouri Office Building
1200 Missouri Avenue
Bismarck,  North Dakota  58505
(701)  224-4856

South Dakota

Larry Van Hout
South Dakota Departent of Water
   and Natural Resources
   Management
Joe Foss Building
Pierre, South Dakota  57501
(605)  773-3351

Utah

Roger Bishop
Utah Bureau of Water Pollution
   Control
150 W. North Temple Street
Box 2500
Salt Lake City, Utah  84110
(801)  533-6146
                              28

-------
                        STATE CONTACTS
                        EPA  REGION IX
Arizona

Calvin Nowack
Arizona Department of
   Health Services
1740 W. Adams
Phoenix, Arizona  85007
(602) 255-1258

California

Betty Meyer
California Reginoal Water
   Resources Control Board
6154 Mission Gorge Road, Suite 105
San Diego, CA  92110
(714) 265-5114

Hawaii

Hiram Young
WTW Construction Grants Program
Hawaii State Department of Health
P. O. Box 3378
Honolulu, Hawaii  96801

Nevada

James Williams
Nevada Department of
   Environmental Protection
201 S. Fall Street
Carson City, Nevada  89710
(702) 885-5870
                              29

-------
                        STATE CONTACTS
                         EPA REGION X
Alaska

Richard Marcum
Alaska Department of
   Environmental Conservation
Division of Water Programs
Pouch O
Juneau, Alaska  99811
(907) 465-2611

Idaho

Robert Braum
Idaho Department of
   Health and Welfare
Division of Environment
State House
Boise, Idaho  83720
(208) 334-4169

Oregon

Kent Ashbaker
Oregon Department of
    Environmental Quality
P. O. Box 1760
Portland, Oregon  97207
(503)  229-5257

Washington

Chris Haynes
Department of Ecology
Office of Water Programs
Olympia,  Washington  98504
(206) 459-6101
                              30

-------
                          APPENDIX B

          INFORMATION FURNISHED BY INDIVIDUAL STATES
Alabama

In the  state  of Alabama,  wastewater treatment  systems  which
discharge into  ground  water  are regulated under  the  Alabama
Department  of   Environmental   Management's    (ADEM)   NPDES
program.  All  land treatment  systems are thus  regulated  under
this system.   Specific ground water monitoring requirements
at a site are  established  by state geologists.   In  general,
land treatment  systems are required to  have a  minimum of two
downgradient wells  (1  deep and  1 shallow).   Before  a system
begins operation, the downgradient wells are used to collect
background  water   quality   data  for   the  aquifer.     The
monitoring  data  are   collected  and   sent  to   the  state
(quarterly), and drinking water  standards  are  used as  the
monitoring criteria.  The treatment  systems' monitoring data
and  operating   procedures   are  examined  during  periodic
inspections at  which  time  the  state  collects and  analyzes
samples.  The  state's results are. then  compared with  the past
monitoring data  collected by the treatment system.   The ADEM
does  not  have  ground  water  monitoring  requirements  for
lagoons.  Instead, the lagoons are required  to be lined.
Alaska

Due to  climatic  conditions  in Alaska,  land treatment  is  not
considered a  feasible  treatment  technology.    Therefore,  the
Alaska  Department  of  Environmental  Conservation  (ADEC)  has
not developed  any requirements  for  ground water  monitoring
for land treatment systems.
Arkansas

The Arkansas Department of Pollution Control  and Ecology
(ADP"CE) does not require ground water monitoring  for lagoons.
At  land  treatment sites,  the  ADPCE  requires  that wells  be
located  upgradient,  on-site,  and  downgradient.    The  exact
number of wells  at  each location,  however, will  depend upon
the site geology.   Quarterly analyses  for nitrate-nitrogen,
chloride and  fecal  coliform are required,  and analyses  for
BOD or TOG,  COD, total Kjeldahl nitrogen,  total  phosphorus,
total   coliform, .  total   dissolved   solids,    alkalinity,
temperature,  pH,  and  water  level  are   considered   on   a
case-by-case basis.    Most of  the  treatment  systems use
contract laboratories to perform  their  analyses, and the
results  are  kept on file by the  treatment plant.   Finally,
guidelines for the construction of  monitoring wells exist.
                              31

-------
Arizona

The  Arizona Department of Health  Services  (ADHS)  is  in  the
process  of  developing regulations  for the  protection  of
ground water.   These  proposed  regulations  require that  any
wastewater  treatment  facility which could impact  the  ground
water must develop a monitoring plan containing a description
of a monitoring system adequate to characterize the  effects
of the facility operation on  ground water quality.  The plan
may  be  required  to  specify  monitoring location  and type,
monitoring  frequer.;:y,  and procedures  for sample  collection
and  analysis.   Thus,  the monitoring requirements  at lagoon  or
land treatment  systems are site-specific.


California

The  state  of California is  divided into nine water  quality
regions,  each  of which is  regulated  by a  Regional Water
Quality  Control Board.   Each  Regional  Board can  establish
independent  ground  water  monitoring  requirements.   Four  of
the  nine  Regional Boards  were  contacted to  determine their
monitoring   requirements,   and  the   individual   regions'
requirements were  similar.   Ground water monitoring at land
treatment or lagoon sites is  generally not required if there
is no known  beneficial use  of the ground water.   Otherwise,
ground water monitoring is  required..    The  number of wells
required is  site-specific,  but  generally one  upgradient well
and  one  downgradient well  for each d.irection of  flow  is
required.  Typical ground  water monitoring parameters  include
TDS,  sodium, nitrate-nitrogen, total nitrogen, and  chlorides.
Other parameters may be required  depending  upon the type  of
system and  the  use of  the  ground  water   (e.g., boro'n,  if the
treated wastewater contains'a significant boron concentration
and  if the  aquifer is  used  for irrigation) .    The  monitoring
frequency ranges from  semi-annual to quarterly, and the data
are  sent  to the appropriate  Regional Water   Quality  Control
Board.   At  one  time, the  state  did   require the  use   of
certified laboratories  for performing the  analyses.  The
funding  for the  laboratory  certification program, however,
has been eliminated from the state budget.


Colorado

The  Colorado Department of  Health  (CDH) does  not have any
regulations  requiring ground  water  monitoring  at  land
treatment sites;  although,  the  CDH does encourage  treatment
systems  to  install  monitoring wells.   There are  also  no
requirements   for  ground  water   monitoring  at  lagoons.
Instead, lagoons are limited  to a seepage loss of  1/32-inch
per  day.

                              32

-------
Connecticut

The Connecticut Department of Environmental  Protection  (CDEP)
generally  requires  ground water monitoring  at both lagoons
and  land  treatment   systems.     Leach  fields  and   rapid
infiltration  systems  are  the  predominant   form  of   land
treatment    in   Connecticut.       The    CDEP    uses   a
pollutant/hydrogeology  model   to  deterine   the  specific
monitoring  requirements.    Typical  monitoring  requirements
specify  a  minimum of  one upgradient  and two downgradient
monitoring wells.   Samples are generally collected monthly  to
quarterly  and  analyzed  for   nitrate-  and  ammonia-nitrogen,
total Kjeldahl nitrogen,  chlorides,  fecal coliforms, and
total phosphorus.   The CDEP  has  formal  guidelines  for the
construction  of   monitoring   wells.      Chain  of  custody
procedures for samples,  however,  are  not generally used
unless an enforcement action  is planned.


Delaware

The  ' Delaware   Department   of   Natural   Resources   and
Environmental Control  (DNREC) requires a  hydrogeologic  study
of a proposed land treatment site (and sometimes  at a  lagoon
site) before a permit is granted.   The results of this  study
are used to determine the potential for and impact of  ground
water contamination; the number, location, and design of.the
monitoring   wells,   and   the  monitoring   parameters  and
frequency.  (The DNREC requires that a registered  profes-sional
geologist supervise the hydrogeologic investigation and  sign
the  hydrogeologic  report.   Construction of  all monitoring
wells must be  done by  a  licensed well  contractor  who  must
obtain state permits to construct  all monitoring  wells.   The
monitoring data is briefly  reviewed  when received  by the
DNREC and  is reviewed in more detail  when  the permit  is
subject  to  renewal.     There  are   no  chain  of  custody
requirements for either the state  or  facility,  nor is there a
quality assurance program.
Florida

Ground water monitoring regulations for municipal wastewater
treatment  facilities  that use land  treatment  are covered
under Section 17-4.245 FAC.  Ground water monitoring is only
required   by  the   Florida  Department   of  Environmental
Regulation  (FDER)  for those facilities which treat greater
than  100,000  gallons  per  day.   Any  facility treating less
than  this  amount is  not  routinely required  to  monitor  the
ground  water.      Any   facility  with  holding  ponds  or
percolation ponds  that treat over  100,000  gallons  per day,
but do not use land treatment methods, are still required by
the FDER to develop a  ground water monitoring plan.
                              33

-------
The ground water monitoring requirements foj. these facilities
have only been  in  effect  since  February 1984.   At this  time,
most facilities have only  submitted  one or two  analyses  of
ground water  samples.   Data are still  being collected on the
first year data base  to compare with background  levels.   The
data will be  stored in the FDER computer  system  and  tracked
over several years to determine if more monitoring parameters
are needed,  if  the  ampling  frequency should be  increased,  or
if more  wells may be needed.   Some facilities  may have  the
frequency of sampling reduced from fie  current quarterly
sampling interval if  no deviations  from background  are  noted
for several sampling periods.

Permits  are  renewed every  five  years.    At   each  permit
renewal,  a  complete  review of  the  ground water  monitoring
plan and the water quality data will be required to determine
if permit modifications  are  warranted.   EPA standards  are
used for sample collection,  analysis,  and quality control.
Florida does not have any sample chain of custody procedures.
The  FDER  requires   that   the   ground   water   be  monitored
quarterly  for  the  primary  and  secondary  drinking   water
standards as well as  for  several volatile  organic compounds.
A  list   of  these   volatile   compounds  is  shown, below.
Additional  monitoring parameters may  be  required  depending
upon the wastewater characteristics.

 *                 *.                     *
           List of Florida Drinking Water Standards
                for Volatile Organic Compounds


         Parameter                           Standard
                                              (ug/L)

     Trichloroethylene                          3.
     Carbon Tetrachloride                       3.
     Vinyl Chloride                             1.
     1,1,1-Trichlorethane                     200.
     1,2-Dichlorethane                          3 .
     Benzene                                    1..
     Ethylene Dibromide                         0.02
     Tetrachlorethylene                         3.


Georgia

The Georgia Environmental Protection Division (GEPD) does not
currently have  any  requirements for ground water  monitoring
for lagoons,  nor are any  such standards  under  development.
The current standards for land treatment  systems  require  at
least  one upgradient or  background well,  one  on-site  well
(within  the  application   area  of  the   system) ,  and  two

                              34

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downgradient wells.   These wells  are to  extend  to a  depth
sufficient  to  sample seasonal variations  in the  unconfined
water  table.   The frequency of  sampling varies with  the
wastewater flow rate of the treatment system,  and samples are
to   be   analyzed   for   nitrate-nitrogen,    pH,    specific
conductivity,  and  chlorides.   Drinking  water standards  are
also generally applicable for the ground water beneath  a land
treatment system.  All systems built  after 1978  are required
to have a monitoring system as described above.

The above requirements are currently being  revised  to include
specifications for the  construction of monitoring  wells  and
to  include additional chemical parameters.   The revised
standards,  if  implemented  in  their  present  form,   would
require that  monitoring  wells be  screened and the  borehole
backfilled to prevent  seepage  from the  surface  along  the
casing.  Monitoring of the unsaturated  zone  using  lysimeters
is also strongly recommended.  The  additional  analyses  which
would  be  required under  the proposed  system include  fecal
coliform,  metals, and priority pollutants.

The monitoring data from existing systems are currently being
collected  by  the  GEPD.     These  data,  however,  are  not
routinely reviewed.  Within the next  year, the GEPD hopes to
prepare reporting forms for use by  the  treatment systems  and
to  implement  a review procedure.   The  GEPD  does  maintain  a
chain  of  custody  for  samples collected  by  GEPD  compliance
inspectors.    The  treatment  systems,  however,   are   only
required  to  show  that  a  contract  laboratory  (if   used)
received and analyzed'the samples.


Hawaii

There  are  currently  no municipal  land  treatment  systems  in
the state of Hawaii;  thus,  there  are no requirements  for
ground water monitoring.  Lagoons are not  required  to have  a
ground water monitoring system.


Idaho

Although the Idaho Department of Health  and  Welfare's  (IDHW)
requirements  for  ground water monitoring  at land  treatment
sites  are  made  on  a  case-by-case  basis,   at  least  one
monitoring  well  is generally  required.   When ground  water
monitoring is required,  the monitoring parameters are  to
include    biochemical    or    chemical   oxygen    demand,
nitrate-nitrogen,  total  nitrogen,  total  phosphorus,   total
coliforms, and chemical  oxygen  demand.   Monthly sampling  is
typical.  For routine sampling,  the IDHW does not require the
use of a chain of  custody procedure.  The  analyses,  however,

                              35

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must  be performed  by a certified laboratory.   Monitoring
wells are not generally required at lagoons.


Illinois

The Illinois Environmental  Protection  Agency  (IEPA)  requires
ground  water  monitoring at all  land  treatment sites  except
those using overland  flow.  A minimum  of  one  upgradient  well
and one downgradient  well for each direction  of ground wate./
flow  is required.    Quarterly  analyses  for nitrate-  and
ammonia-nitrogen, chlorides,  sulfates, pH,  total  dissolved
solids,  phosphates,   and  fecal   coliform   are   generally
required.


Indiana

The Indiana Division  of Water Pollution Control  (IDWPC)  has
recently established  a ground water section.   As  of  December
1984,  this new  group had  not yet had sufficient time  to
develop a ground water protection strategy.   Currently, there
are no requirements  for  ground water  monitoring at  either
land treatment or lagoon sites.
Iowa       •                 •.                            .   •

The  Iowa  Department of  Environment  Quality (IDEQ)  requires
ground water monitoring  at  land  treatment sites.  A minimum
of one upgradient and one downgradient well  is  required,  and
the  frequency  of  sampling  varies with the  flow rate of  the
system.   An extensive  list of  parameters  is  required  for
monitoring  unless  a parameter is  absent  from"  the  influent.
These are:

     Total Organic Carbon               Beryllium
     Total Dissolved Solids             Boron
     Sodium Absorption Ratio            Cadmium
     Electrical Conductivity            Chromium
     Nitrogen                           Cobalt
        Total                           Copper
        Organic                         Fluoride
        Ammonia                         Iron
        Nitrate                         Lead
     Chloride                           Lithium
     Alkalinity                         Manganese
     Hardness                           Molybdenum
     Coliform Bacteria                  Nickel
     Aluminum                           Selenium
     Arsenic                            Zinc
                              36

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Kansas

The  Kansas  Department  of  Health  and  Environment  (KDHE)
generally   requires   ground   water   monitoring   at   land
treatment  systems.   Depending  upon the wastewater  quality,
monitoring wells at  lagoons  may  also be required.   The
specific  requirements  for  monitoring,  however, depend  upon
the site conditions.  For a spray irrigation system,  the KDHE
uses  a "rule-of-thumb"  requirement for one  well for every
twenty  acres  irrigated.   The  location  of  these wells would
depend  upon  the site  conditions.   For  other  types  of  land
treatment or for lagoons, at least one upgradient and several
downgradient  wells  would   typically  be  required.     The
monitoring   frequency   would   range    from   quarterly   to
semi-annually, and typical  analyses would  consist  of ammonia
and nitrate-nitrogen,  total  phosphorus  or  phosphate,  sodium,
and  sulfate.    The   KDHE   does have   guidelines  for  the
construction of monitoring wells. The KDHE  inspectors  do
utilize a  chain  of  custody procedure for  samples, while the
treatment  system  is  not  required to use such a  system.   All
analyses,  however,   must  be   performed   by   a   certified
laboratory.
Kentucky

.The    Kentucky    Department    of    Natural   Resources   and
Environmental Protection has no requirements for ground water
monitoring  at  either lagoon qr  land treatment systems.   To
date,  no  land treatment  systems have  not  been  constructed in
Kentucky  under the construction grants program.
Louisiana-

At present, the Louisiana Department of Natural Resources has
no  requirements  for ground water  monitoring at  either  land
treatment or lagoon sites.   Regulations  for ground water
protection which  may include  requirements  for  monitoring  at
land treatment or lagoon systems.are currently being drafted.


Maine

Ground  water  monitoring   is   generally   required  at  land
treatment  sites  and at  new lagoon systems.   The  number  of
wells  required  by the  Maine  Department  of Environmental
Protection (MDEP), however, depends upon the site conditions.
Typical   monitoring   parameters   include   ammonia-   and
nitrate-nitrogen,  phosphorus,  chlorides,  total  and  fecal
coliform, and  sometimes  metals.  The  MDEP  does  not have any
guidelines  for  well  construction,  but  instead  uses  EPA

                              37

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guidelines.     The   monitoring   wells,   however,   must   be
constructed  to  a  depth sufficient to  sample  the  upper three
to  four feet  of  the  aquifer of  concern.   The monitoring
frequency   required  depends   upon   site   conditions,   but
quarterly to semi-annual sampling is typical.  The monitoring
data  is  kept both in the permit file  and  in a computer data
storage  system.  The data is routinely reviewed when received
by  the  MDEP and  when the permit  is  subject to  renewal  (at
five-year intervals).   The treatment system  is  not required
to  utilize  a  chain  of custody procedure nor  is there  a
requirement  to  use  a certified  laboratory  for  the  analysis.
The  MDEP inspectors, however,  do  use  a  chain  of custody
procedure for their samples.
Maryland

The Maryland Department of Health  and  Mental  Hygiene (MDHMH)
requires monitoring wells at land  treatment systems,  but not
for lagoons.  The  number of wells  required  is site-specific;
however,  two  upgradient  and  two  downgradient  wells  are
generally considered the minimum acceptable number.   Typical
monitoring    parameters    consist    of     nitrate-    and
nitrite-nitrogen,  total  Kjeldahl  nitrogen,  total  phosphate,
total dissolved  solids,  chloride,  and  fecal  coliform.    For
the first three  months .prior  to and after  start-up,  samples
are collected  monthly for analysis; 'thereafter,  semi-annual
sampling  is  required.    Annual  analyses   for . metals  and
chlorinated organics are also  required.   The MDHMH  also has
guidelines for monitoring well construction.


Massachusetts

The   Massachusetts  Department  of   Environmental   Quality
Engineering (MDEQE) generally requires  ground  water mentoring
at both  lagoon and land treatment systems.   One  upgradient
and three downgradient wells are  considered  the  minimum
acceptable  number of  wells.   In  addition,  the MDEQE  also
encourages  the  use of  multi-level well  systems capable  of
withdrawing samples at  several depths  within the  aquifer  of
concern.     The   monitoring   frequency   depends  upon   the
wastewater  flow   rate.     Samples  are  analyzed   for  pH,
biochemical  oxygen demand,  suspended  solids,  nitrate-  and
ammonia-nitrogen,  and  total Kjeldahl  nitrogen.    Currently,
the data goes  into the facility's  permit file.   Eventually,
the MDEQE anticipates  using  a  computer for data  storage and
analysis.
                              38

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Michigan

The  Michigan   Department  of   Natural   Resources'    (MDNR)
requirements for  ground  water monitoring  at  land treatment
sites and  for  lagoons are  site-specific.   Permits  for the
construction of monitoring  wells over 25  feet  deep  must be
obtained from the  Michigan  Geologic  Survey Division  (MGSD).
Any monitoring data are  currently  kept in the  facility's
compliance  file;  however,  the MDNR  is  hoping  to  develop a
computer data  storage  system.   The  MDNR  uses  and requires
treatment systems  to use  accepted analytical procedures  (i.e.
ASTM,  EPA, or AWWA/WPCF analytical methods) for ground  water
samples.  MDNR  inspectors  also use a  chain  of custody.


Minnesota

The  requirements  for  ground   water  monitoring  at   land
treatment systems  are  site-specific; whereas,  ground  water
monitoring is not  required at  lagoon  treatment systems  if the
lagoons  meet maximum seepage  limitations.   The  number and
location of monitoring wells is  site-specific;  however,  when
ground water monitoring is required,  the Minnesota Pollution
Control Agency typically requires  one  upgradient  and two
downgradient wells.   Typical analyses  required  are total
Kjeldahl nitrogen, ammonia-  and  nitrate-nitrogen, ^chloride,
conductivity,  and pH.   The  monitoring  frequency is also
site-specific/  but three times per year  is typical,  and the
monitoring data is kept  in  the  facility's permit  file.  An
exception  to these  typical monitoring' requirements would
occur if the wastewater were applied  to privately-owned  land.
In such cases,  no  ground  water monitoring  is  required.  The
Minnesota Department of Health has  developed  guidelines for
monitoring well construction,  while  the  MPCA  has  guidelines
for ground water monitoring  procedures.


Mississippi

The Mississippi Bureau of Pollution Control (MBPC) currently
does not have any  requirements for ground water monitoring at
land treatment systems,  nor  are  any such standards under
development.  Currently,   none  of the land treatment  systems
in Mississippi have  a  ground water  monitoring  system.   The
ground water  flow patterns beneath  the existing  sites are
such that ground  water monitoring  is  not  believed to be
necessary,  but future systems  may be  required  to  have a
ground  water monitoring  system.   If  so,  parameters .for
monitoring would be  determined  at that  time.   According to
MBPC personnel,  fecal coliform and nitrites are the analyses
most likely to  be  required.  Any  ground water monitoring  data
collected at future land treatment systems would be required

                            .  39'

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to be  kept by  the  owner of the  treatment  system and to  be
available  for inspection upon request.


Missouri

The Missouri Department  of  Natural  Resources  (MDNR)  requires
ground water monitoring  for rapid  infiltration  systems,  but
not  for  other  forms of  land  treatment  or  for  lagoons.
Typical  monitoring  requirements  for a rapid  infiltration
system conL.'st  of one downgradient  and  one  upgradient  well
sampled monthly or quarterly for  BOD,  TSS,  nitrate-nitrogen,
and perhaps  heavy metals.   Monitoring data  is kept in  the
MDNR permit  file.   MDNR inspectors use a  chain of  custody
procedure; however,  the treatment facilities are not  required
to maintain a chain  of custody.   Informal guidelines  for  the
construction of monitoring wells are in existence.
Montana

The Montana  Department  of Health and Environmental  Sciences
(MDHES)  does   require   ground  water  monitoring  at   land
treatment sites.   One upgradient and two downgradient  wells
are generally required.   At some systems,  however,  an  on-site
well may  be substituted  for  one of the  downgradient wells.
In addition, existing private-wells may also be  used  instead
of  installing  dedicated  monitoring wells.   Nitrate- and
nitrite-nitrogen,   conductivity,   and  chlorides   are   the
principle monitoring  parameters.   For  the  first two years,
quarterly monitoring is  required.  Then,  semi-annual  sampling
is  required for two  years.  If  no contamination is  found
during  this four-year  period,  then annual monitoring  is
required.


Nebraska

The  requirements   for   ground  water  monitoring  at   land
treatment systems  or  lagoons  in Nebraska is  site-specific.
Currently, the  Nebraska Department of Environmental  Control
(NDEC)  requires approximately one-half of the  land treatment
systems in Nebraska to have a ground water monitoring  system.
Generally,   a   minimum   of   three   monitoring  wells   (one
upgradient  and  two  downgradient)  are  required  at   land
treatment systems.  Existing private wells  may  sometimes  be
substituted for dedicated monitoring wells.   Several  samples
are required to be  collected from the wells prior to system
ctart-up.   After start-up, monthly samples are  required  for a
period of two years.  The data are then  used to determine the
frequency of monitoring after  two years.   The parameters
considered for monitoring include: chlorides; total dissolved

                              40

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solids; pH;  total  hardness;  alkalinity; ammonia-,  nitrate-,
and  nitrite-nitrogen;  total phosphorus;  biochemical  oxygen
demand;  chemical  oxygen demand;  heavy  metals;  and fecal
coliform.  All or  only  a portion of these parameters  may  be
required, and the data is kept in the permit  file.   The  NDEC
does have guidelines for monitoring  well construction.
Nevada

The Nevada Department  of Environmental Protection  (NDEP)
requires ground water monitoring at land treatment sites,  but
not  for lagoons.    The  number  of wells,  the  monitoring
parameters,  and  the   monitoring  frequency  required   are
site-specific.     The  NDEP  does  not,  however,  have   any
guidelines  for  monitoring well  construction.


New Hampshire

The  New   Hampshire   Water   Supply  and  Pollution   Control
Commission  (NHWSPCC)  requirements for  ground  water monitoring
at land  treatment  sites and for lagoons are  site-specific.
The number and  location of wells  will, depend  upon the  site
conditions  such  as  the  local  geology.   Monitoring  criteria
typically include nitrate-nitrogen, total phosphorus-,  metals4
conductivity  and  .either  biochemical   or   chemical   oxygen
demand,  and  the  monitoring   frequency is  site-specific.
Monitoring  data is kept  in  the facility' s permit; file.   The
NHWSPCC does have final  guidelines  for well  installation.
Both the NHWSPCC inspectors and treatment systems  use  a chain
of  custody  as  part of  their  NHWSPCC quality assurance
procedures.


New Jersey

Ground water monitoring is  required  at both lagoon and  land
treatment  systems   by   the   New  Jersey   Department   of
Environmental   Protection   (NJDEP).        The    monitoring
requirements  of  all  facilities, however, are  site-specific.
The permittee may submit a proposed monitoring plan with  the
permit application,  and  this plan  may  include the  location
and number  of wells,  the monitoring parameters  and frequency,
and the quality  assurance/chain of custody  procedures to be
used.  Based upon the past and  present  discharge  activities,
the NJDEP will  determine if the proposed plan is  adequate, or
will specify a  monitoring plan.  A minimum of  three wells is
required   (one   upgradient,  two   downgradient).     Effluent
monitoring  is also used either  to  replace, or  in  conjunction
with, ground water monitoring.   Sampling frequency for  both
effluent and ground water monitoring varies  on a case-by-case

                             41

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basis, but is usually quarterly for che five year life of the
permit.   The data is sent to  the state  for  review and  is
computerized for ease of retrieval.


New Mexico

The New Mexico Environmental Improvement Division (NMEID) has
a very broad  ground water protection policy that  applies  to
any waste treatment  system whic?-  may  adversely  affect ground
water.   The  monitoring  requirements  at a land  treatment
system or a lagoon are determined on a case-by-case basis and
depend  upon  factors  such  as  the  site  geology  and  the
aquifer(s)  potentially  affected.     Monitoring   wells  are
generally sampled twice a year,  usually in April and October;
although, treatment  systems  located above  critical  aquifers
may  be required  to sample  quarterly.   Typical analyses
required for municipal land treatment  systems or  lagoons are
total nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen,  total dissolved solids, and
chlorides.

For  routine  sampling,  the NMEID  does  not maintain  a sample
chain  of custody.   On  the  other hand,  chain  of  custody
procedures are  used during  compliance inspections or for
enforcement actions.  The treatment systems  are not required
to maintain a sample chain of custody.

The  data  from the monitoring  systems  are currently  sent' to
the NMEID for review.  These  monitoring  reports are examined
to determine if any of the data appear "out-of-the-ordinary."
Currently,  statistical   analysis  of   the   data  are   not
conducted.   By  1985,  however, the NMEID expects to  begin
development of  a  computerized tracking system,  and  it  is
anticipated that  this system  will be used to  detect  any
trends in the data which may  be indicative  of  contamination.
Specific requirements  for the construction  of monitoring
wells do not  exist;  however,  the  NMEID does have  "suggested
guidelines" which must be equaled  or exceeded.


New York

For land treatment systems treating more than 30,000 gpd,  the
New  York Department  of  Environmental  Conservation  (NYDEC)
requires ground  water monitoring.   The specific  monitoring
requirements,   however,  are  established  by   the  regional
offices of the NYDEC.  Monthly  analyses  for  nitrate-nitrogen
are  typical  and  the  monitoring  data  are   kept  ' in  the
facility's permit  fij.e.   There are no state guidelines  for
monitoring  well  construction.   Monitoring  requirements  at
lagoon  systems  are  site-specific;   generally,   the  NYDEC
requires lagoons to  be  lined.   Unless an  enforcement action

                              42

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 is  planned,  the NYDEC does not  utilized a chain  of custody
 procedure  for samples, nor are the treatment systems required
 to  maintain a chain of custody.
North Carolina

The   North   Carolina  Environmental   Management  Commission
(NCEMC) standards requiring ground water monitoring have only
recently become effective, and  the  North Carolina Department
of  Natural  Resources  and Community  Development  (NCDNR)  is
responsible  for  implementing   these   regulations.     These
standards require monitoring wells  for  both  lagoons  and land
treatment  systems.    The  number  and  location  of monitoring
wells   required   is   site-specific   and   is   determined  in
conjunction with  state ground  water  specialists.   However,
two   wells   (one  upgradient   and   one   downgradient)   are
considered  the  minimum acceptable number.   Monitoring wells
are  to  be sampled three  times  a year,  in March, July,  and
November;   these  months  are believed to  be  critical periods
for  ground  water   quality.     Analyses   for  nitrate-  and
ammonia-nitrogen,  total  dissolved  solids,   total   organic
carbon, pH, total coliform, chloride,  conductivity, and water
levels  are required.

For   a   lined   lagoon,   analyses   for    nitrate-   and
ammonium-nitrogen,  chloride,,  total  dissolved  solids,  pH,
'specific conductivity, total col-iform,  total organic carbon,
and  water  level measurements are required.   Unlined lagoons
are  required to monitor for  iron and chromium in addition to
the  parameters  for   lined  lagoons.   All analyses must be
performed by  a certified  laboratory.   Standards  for the
construction of  the  monitoring  wells are  also in existence.
Quarterly monitoring  reports are  currently sent to the NCDNR
regional office  for   review.   In general, neither the NCDNR
inspectors nor the treatment system personnel are required to
maintain a chain of custody for any ground water samples.  If
ground  water contamination is found and an enforcement action
is planned, then the NCDNR would implement a chain of custody
procedure.
North Dakota

The  North Dakota Division of Water Supply  and  Pollution
Control  (NDDWSPC)   does not  generally require  ground water
monitoring around  lagoons,  while  the  requirements for ground
water monitoring at land treatment systems are site-specific.
Since  ground  water recharge  at many  of  the  land treatment
systems  in North  Dakota  is believed  to  be minimal,  ground
water  monitoring  is not generally  required.    The discharge
from the treatment systems  is  monitored  for biochemical

                              43

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oxygen  demand,   ammonia-   and   nitrate-nitrogen,   suspended
solids, fecal coliforms, and pH under the NPDES program.   The
monitoring frequency is monthly  for the first  year, then
after   the   first  year,   the  monitoring   frequency   is
re-evaluated based upon the flow rate and effluent quality.


Ohio

The  Ohio  Environmental  Protection  Agency   does  not have
specific  guidelines for ground water  monitoring  L •:. land
treatment sites;  however,  state  law mandates that ground
water monitoring  is  required  if a  potential health  hazard
exists.  The ground water monitoring requirements  for lagoons
are made  on  a case-by-case basis.   In general, lagoons  are
required  to  be lined  and  are designed  in conformance with
"GLUMRB Recommended Standards for Sewage  Works."


Oklahoma

Ground water monitoring is generally required  by the  Oklahoma
Department of Health  (ODH)  at  land  treatment  sites, but  not
at municipal lagoons.    A minimum of one upgradient,  one
on-site,  and  one downgradient well is  required  at land
treatment systems;  Monthly analyses for  ammonia-nitrogen  and
annual analyses for metals are required.  . The  monitoring data
is  submitted  to  the  state;   however,   the   data  are   not
routinely reviewed.  There are no chain of custody or quality
assurance requirements for ground water  samples collected at
land  treatment systems.   The  ODH also does not have  any
guidelines for monitoring well construction.


Oregon

The  Oregon  Department  of  Environmental Quality's  (ODEQ)
requirements  for  ground water monitoring  at  land treatment
systems  are  site-specific.    The  number  of  wells,   the
monitoring  frequency,  and  the monitoring   parameters   are
selected  based   upon  the  site   conditions.     Quarterly
monitoring for nitrate-nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen, sulfates,
chloride,  conductivity, total and fecal  coliforms, and water
level are typically required.  Any monitoring data collected
are sent to the ODEQ for review.   There are no guidelines  for
monitoring well construction.   The ODEQ inspectors  do utilize
a chain of custody procedure for their samples; however,  the
treatment systems are not required to use a chain  of custody
procedure.  The ODEQ  does  not,  as  yet, have  a  certification
requirement for the laboratories which perform the analyses.
Lagoons, in general, are not required to have a ground water
monitoring system.   Instead,  lagoons  can  have  a  maximum
seepage rate of 1/4-inch per day.
                              44

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Pennsylvania

The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental  Resources  (PDER)
requires ground water monitoring  at land treatment  systems.
The  number of  wells required will  depend upon  the site
conditions;  however,   the  PDER   requires   at  least   one
background well and one  well in  each direction of ground
water  flow from  the site.   Quarterly  analyses  for total
phosphate,   ammonia-  and  nitrate-nitrogen,   and  methyl blue
active  substances are  required.   Annual analyses for  the
following parameters  are also required.
     Alkalinity
     Biochemical Oxygen Demand
     Chemical Oxygen Demand
     Chloride
     Total Iron
     Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
pH
Sulfates
Total Solids
Settleable Solids
Suspended Solids
Specific Conductance
Temperature
The sample results are submitted to the PDER and are kept  in
the facility's permit  file.   The  PDER does have  guidelines'
for the construction of monitoring  wells.
Rhode Island

The availability of  land  in Rhode Island  is  too limited  to
permit the development of land  treatment  systems.   The  need
for ground  water monitoring requirements  at  land  treatment
sites is,  thus,  not applicable  to  Rhode  Island.
South Carolina

The  South  Carolina Department  of Health  and  Environmental
Control (SCDHEC)  requires  a  minimum of  three  monitoring  wells
at both land  treatment sites  and lagoons; however,  site
conditions may require a  greater number  of  wells.   Well
construction guidelines exist and  require  that the wells  be
screened in the aquifer of  concern and that the borehole  be
backfilled to prevent seepage  along  the  casing  from the
surface.   The  wells are to  be  sampled for total phosphorus,
chloride,   ammonia-  and  nitrate-nitrogen,   alkalinity,  pH,
sodium, total  dissolved solids,  and fecal  coliform.   All  of
the wells must be sampled before the system  begins operation
to determine the background water quality.    During the  first
year of operation, the  wells must be   sampled quarterly, and
than bi-annually thereafter.

Most of the existing  treatment systems  use state certified
contract laboratories  to  perform  their analyses.   The data

                             45

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 are then sent to  the  SCDHEC  for review and for entry into  a
 computerized tracking system.   With this  tracking  system,  the
 data  can  be  examined  statistically.     Chain  of   custody
 procedures are not used by  SCDKEC unless an  enforcement
 action is anticipated.  Treatment systems  are not  required to
 maintain a sample  chain of custody.
 South Dakota

 The South Dakota  Department of Water  and Natural Resources
 Management   (SDDWNRM)   generally   requires   ground   water
 monitoring  wells  at land  treatment  sites.   Although  the
 actual number of  wells  is  site-specific,  two upgradient and
 two downgradient  wells  is  generally  the minimum  number of
 wells required.   The monitoring requirements for lagoons, if
 any,  are site-specific.   The monitoring parameters  considered
 for   routine   analysis    (typically   monthly).   include:
 conductivity,  chlorides,  total dissolved  solids,  ammonia-,
 nitrate-,  and  nitrite-nitrogen,  fecal  coliform,  sulfates,
 biochemical  oxygen demand,  phosphorus, suspended solids,  and
 pH.  The  monitoring  data are kept  in  the facility's permit
 file.
,Tennessee

 The Tennessee Division of Water Quality  Control  (TDWQC)
 requires ground water  monitoring at land treatment sites, but
 not at lagoon treatment systems.   The  number of monitoring
 wells  required depends upon the size  of the system,  with two
 monitoring  wells  considered  the  minimum  acceptable number.
 Guidelines  for the construction of the wells exist, and it is
 recommended that  the  wells be   constructed  similar  to the
 wells  used  at  solid waste disposal sites.  For the first year
 of   operation,    quarterly  analyses   for   pH,   specific
 conductance,   total   organic    carbon,    total   nitrogen,
 nitrate-nitrogen,  and  water level  are required.   Thereafter,
 the nitrate-nitrogen analysis may  be  omitted.   Data  from the
 monitoring  wells  are kept in the facility's permit file.
 Texas

 Before  a land  treatment  system begins  operation,  the Texas
 Department   of   Water   Resources   (TDWR)  requires  that  the
 background  ground water quality be determined. Existing wells
 near  the site are to be  used  for  this  determination.   Total
 dissolved  solids,  chloride,  nitrate-nitrogen,  sulfate,  pH,
 and  coliform bacteria  are to be monitored.   Requirements for
 ground  water monitoring  after  start-up  for both lagoons and
 land treatment systems  are  made on a  case-by-case  basis;

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however,  in  general,  monitoring  wells  are  not  required  at
either lagoon or land treatment systems.  Exceptions to  this
general policy  occur  when  the  treatment  system  is located
near private wells,  or in the  case of  a  lagoon, if  seepage  is
suspected.    In  such  cases,  parameters  which  might   be
monitored could  include  nitrate-nitrogen,  sodium,  chloride,
or sulfate."  Any data collected from a monitoring  system are
reviewed and placed  in the facility's  permit  file.  Standards
for  the  construction  of  monitoring  wells do  not currently
exist.
Utah

The Utah Bureau of Water Pollution Control  (UBWPC)  generally
requires monitoring wells at land treatment systems, but not
for  lagoon  treatment  systems.    Although  the  monitoring
requirements are  site-specific,  most  land  treatment systems
have two monitoring wells and are required  to  sample monthly
dur'ing  the   period   of  wastewater   application.      Total
phosphorus,  nitrate-nitrogen,  and total  colifbrm are the
analyses most  frequently required,  and  the monitoring data
are kept in the facility's permit file.-  The UBWPC  does have
general guidelines for well  construction.


Vermont

The Vermont Agency of Environmental Conservation  (VAEC) does
not,  in  general,  require monitoring  wells  for  either land
treatment  systems or lagoons.    In  general, lagoons are
required to be lined.   Leach  fields comprise the major form
of land treatment in  Vermont,  and any ground water monitoring
requirements for  these  systems would  be  developed  on  a
case-by-case basis.   Guidelines  for well construction are  in
existence  should wells  be  required.   Any monitoring data
collected would be kept in the facility's  permit  file.


Virginia

The  Virginia  Water  Control  Board   (VWCB)   evaluates  and
approves ground water monitoring  systems  for  land  treatment
and lagoon systems  on  a case-by-case basis.   In  general,
however,  such systems are required to have  one  upgradient and
two downgradient  monitoring well  at   land  treatment  sites.
Prior to system  start-up,  the VWCB generally requires that
six months to  one year of background  data  be collected.    A
more  extensive list  of monitoring parameters  is  required
during this  phase of the project.   After  start-up, several
indicator parameters  are selected from  this  list  for analysis
at  a  quarterly monitoring  frequency.   Unless  an  enforcement

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actioi.  is anticipated, neither  the VWCB  inspectors  nor the
treatment facility   are   required  to  utilize  a  chain  of
custody.


Washington

The Washington Department  of Ecology  (WDE) generally requires
a minimum of one upgradient and one  downgradient monitoring
well  at  both land  treatment and  unlined  lagoon  systems.
To-al   coliform   and  nitrate-nitrogen   are  the  monitoring
parameters most  frequently required.   While  the  monitoring
frequency depends upon the size  of  the  treatment system, the
monitoring   frequencies   currently  required  range   from
bi-weekly to  semi-annually,  and  the  monitoring data are
placed  in the  facility's permit  file.   The WDE uses EPA
guidelines for  monitoring well  construction.    There  are  no
chain of  custody requirements.


West .Virginia

The  West Virginia  mountainous  terrain  combined with the
requirement  for  secondary treatment prior to  land treatment
has,  to date, prevented  the  use of  land treatment  in West
Virginia.  Thus,  the West Virginia Department of  Natural
Resources  has not  developed  requirements for  ground  water
monitoring at land treatment sites.
Wisconsin

The  Wisconsin   Department  of  Natural   Resources'   (WDNR)
requirements  for ground water  monitoring at  land  treatment
sites  are dependent upon the  flow rate  to the treatment
system.   In general,  the greater the flow rate,  the  more
extensive are the monitoring requirements.  Treatment systems
receiving less than  50,000 gpd  are generally not required to
have a ground water monitoring system, while systems treating
greater than  50,000  gpd must have  a  ground water monitoring
system.   If the wastewater flow  rate exceds 1.0 MGD,  the
monitoring  system  must  monitor the  aquifer at  two  levels.
The  location  and number of  wells  required  will  depend  upon
the  site  conditions.   For the  first three  months,  monthly
samples must  be  collected.  Thereafter,  semi-annual  samplng
is required.   Analyses  for  BOD,  specific  conductance,  COD,
organic nitrogen,  ammonia-,  nitrate-,  and nitrite-nitrogen,
chloride,   sulfate,  dissolved  solids,  alkalinity,  hardness,
and pH in both filtered and  unfiltered samples are  required.
The  WDNR  does  have  guidelines  for  the  construction  of
monitoring wells.
                              48  U.S. Envirormental Protection A&aaoy
                                  Library, Room 2404  P14-211-A
                                  401 a Street, S.W.
                                        on, DC   20460

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Wyoming

The Wyoming Department  of Environmental Quality's (WDEQ)
requirements for ground water  monitoring  at either  land
treatment or lagoon  systems are  site-specific  and  depend upon
factors  such as the  depth and  uses of  the aquifer.   One
upgradient  and  two  downgradient   wells   and  analyses  for
ammonia-  and  nitrate-nitrogen,   pH,  chloride,  and  total
dissolved solids are typical minimum monitoring  requirements.
The monitoring  frequency is also  site-specific and dependi,
upon factors such as  the  proximity  of  the system to private
wells.   Monthly grab samples are  typical.   General guidelines
for well  construction do exist.   The  treatment  systems are
not required to  use a chain of  custody  procedure for their
samples; however, the WDEQ  inspectors do  utilize  a chain  of
custody procedure for  any samples they collect.
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