our
Drinking
Water
Safe?
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Most Americans believe their drinking water is the
best in the world. Servicemen and their families,
vacationers, tourists, and others who travel abroad
know the familiar problems of unsafe drinking water. At
home we scarcely give it a thought. We believe that the
purity of our water can be depended upon. And usually
we are right. But there are exceptions.
These cases are serious enough to have moved the
Congress of the United States to enact a far-reaching
program to ensure that our drinking water is as good
as we think it is. This new program—and what it
means to your health—is the subject of this pamphlet.
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The Problem
If our water is good, why do we need a new program
to protect it? The reason is that the situation has been
changing dramatically during recent decades. Our
sources of water supply are being endangered by
hundreds of new chemicals and pollutants every year.
In addition, some of our water treatment facilities have
not kept pace with the technology required to remove
the increasing amounts of chemical or microbiological
contamination.
During these same years, our ability to detect
contaminants has been improving. Modem science is
now equipped to identify specific chemicals in terms of
billionths of parts of the water being tested. In some
cases, scientists can measure them in trillionths. These
figures are difficult for the layman to grasp. But in case
you think that such small amounts can't be very
significant, keep in mind that one can get sick from a
single microscopic virus particle.
With information so detailed, new questions arise.
What is the effect of consuming these contarpinants in
such small amounts over long periods of time? Doctors
can say that an acute, i.e., immediate illness, comes
from this or that virus or poison. But chronic, i.e.,
long-term problems that develop over many years are
not so quickly diagnosed. There is genuine concern in
the scientific community that prolonged exposure to
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certain elements, even at such low levels, may be
increasing the incidence of cancer and heart disease.
The Center for Disease Control tells us there are
about 4,000 cases of illnesses linked to drinking water
every year in the United States. This number is
generally thought to be considerably lower than the
actual figures. While we have almost eliminated typhoid
and cholera as water problems, we must now address
the threat of organic contaminants, viruses, and other
disease-causing organisms.
This new situation calls for a great deal of research.
There are many questions being studied and debated
by scientists, and this process will gradually produce
more answers than we have now. Meanwhile, we must
reduce the risks to our health by taking these steps:
• We can be sure that our water is being treated by
technology capable of removing potentially harmful
contaminants.
• We can test or monitor the purity of our water on a
regular basis to assure its quality.
• We can develop an informed citizenry to cooperate
with our water suppliers in introducing the changes
necessary to protect the public health.
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The National Approach
To safeguard public drinking water supplies and to
protect public health, Congress passed a law in 1974,
the Safe Drinking Water Act (P.L. 93-523). The law
directed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) to establish minimum national drinking water
standards. These standards set limits on the
amounts of various substances sometimes found in
drinking water.
This means that every community water supply in the
country serving 15 or more connections or 25 people
must ensure that its water meets these minimum
standards of purity. Even non-community supplies,
such as trailer parks, camping sites, and roadside
motels with their own water supplies will also be
covered by regulations. Thus, Americans will be able
to have even greater confidence in the water they
drink wherever they go—on the road, at work, at play,
and at home.
Most public drinking water systems, particularly the
larger ones, already meet the standards; for them, the
new national safe drinking water program is simply
added insurance that the quality of your drinking water
will be maintained or improved if necessary.
But for those water systems that cannot always deliver
high quality drinking water, the new program will
require some changes. Here's how it works:
In the 1974 law, the Congress said it wanted to assure
safe drinking water for all Americans. Congress
preferred that the States take on the responsibility for
the new program so that it would build on existing
efforts to protect the public health. Concerned about
costs, Congress also wanted the program to be carried
out in a reasonable manner, one step at a time. Thus,
EPA's regulations were developed by consulting with
the States, with water suppliers, environmentalists,
specialists in related fields, and with the public.
To be given primary responsibility for the program,
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each State must adopt drinking water standards at least
as strict as the national standards. (A State may set
stricter standards if it wishes.) Each State must also be
able to carry out adequate monitoring and enforcement
requirements. If a State cannot or does not do so,
EPA will step in and conduct the program itself.
To help the States meet their responsibilities under the
program, Congress directed EPA to provide them with
financial and technical assistance. Congress also
provided time for the States and water supply systems
to get ready to implement the new regulations. But
despite these efforts, all water supply systems will not
be able to meet the standards.
Some smaller systems may not initially be able to
afford additional treatment as easily as larger systems
and may apply to the State for an exemption.
Exemptions may be granted until January, 1981 to give
a system time to seek funds or to develop a plan to
serve its users from another water source. A system
may have until January, 1983 if it has agreed to
become part of a regional public water system that can
afford the needed treatment.
Other systems may not be able to meet the standards
because of the poor quality of the raw water coming
into the system even though they are using treatment
methods available to larger systems at a reasonable
cost. The supplier may then apply for a variance.
Although no time limit is placed on this, Congress felt
most systems requiring a variance would seek an
alternate water source, or the quality of the raw water
or the treatment methods would improve to enable
them eventually to meet the standards.
Whenever a supplier applies for an exemption or
variance, public hearings must be held so that citizens
being served by the system can voice their views.
In no case will an exemption or variance be granted if
there is any risk to public health.
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Public Notification
Effective June 24, 1977, your water supplier must
periodically sample and test the water pumped to your
tap. Most of the larger ones are already doing so. If
tests reveal that a national drinking water standard has
been violated, that is, if there is too much of any
substance for which a national standard has been set,
your water supplier must take action to correct the
situation and also notify the responsible State agency
of the violation.
And you, the consumer, must be notified too.
Under the new national program to safeguard your
drinking water, it is possible that on or after .
June 24, 1977:
• You may sometimes read in the newspaper . . .
• Or hear an announcement on radio or television . . .
• Or receive a letter from the health department or
your water system . . .
Telling you that a drinking water standard has
been violated.
If you hear or read such an announcement, don't
panic. It will explain the problem and tell you what
precautions, if any, you should take. It may also tell
you what's being done to remedy the situation.
Most notices of a violation of drinking water standards
will not mean that your health is endangered. The
reason is that the limit on the amount of each
substance allowed in drinking water was based on
what you can consume for a lifetime without adverse
health effects. The limit was based on consumption of
two liters (a little more than two quarts) of water (or
water-based fluids such as coffee, tea, or soft drinks)
every day for a lifetime. This large safety margin was
built into most standards so that you will not be
harmed even if the water you drink exceeds some of
the maximum contaminant levels for short periods
of time.
The fact that your State water agency or water
supplier announces a violation of a drinking water
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standard is not by itself cause for alarm. It is a safety
precaution required by Congress to call public
attention to deficiencies in a drinking water supply.
This procedure is intended to keep you informed so
that you can make intelligent decisions about the
problem. It is part of the new program to bring public
drinking water systems up to minimum national
safety standards.
In essence, Congress said in the Safe Drinking Water
Act that you have a right to expect water that meets
minimum national standards for protection of public
health. You have a right to be told—and your water
supplier must tell you—if your water does not meet
those standards. He is also obliged to inform you if he
is not monitoring the water as required. With such
information from the supplier or the State, you will
know what precautions to take. And you will be able
to apply pressure on the water supplier through public
opinion to do whatever is necessary to bring you
safe water.
That might require major or minor improvements. It
might require a new source of water. Most large water
systems will probably be able to remedy any problems
that may be discovered under the new monitoring and
public reporting program. Some smaller systems may
not, however. In some cases, the best alternative
might be to tie into a nearby large system.
But whatever the alternatives, the public now has a
right to know about the quality of its drinking water.
With that information, the public can then weigh all
possible alternatives and help make the decisions
needed to assure safe drinking water.
If adequate steps are not taken to correct violations of
safe drinking water standards, you have
additional rights.
You—or any individual or organization—have the right
to bring suit against anyone you believe is violating the
law: the water supply system, the State, or EPA.
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The Standards
The drinking water standards established by EPA
reflect the best scientific and technical judgment
available. They were refined by the suggestions and
advice of a 15-member National Drinking Water
Advisory Council, made up of representatives of the
general public, State and local agencies, and experts in
the field of public water supply. The Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare as well as other
agencies and organizations contributed to the
development of "The National Interim Primary
Drinking Water Regulations."
The regulations were published for review and
subjected to public hearings before they went into
effect. Many witnesses testified at the public hearings
and almost 500 written statements were received on the
proposed regulations.
The regulations set achievable levels of drinking water
quality to protect your health. They are called
"interim" regulations because research continues on
drinking water contaminants. The existing standards
may be strengthened and new standards will be
established for other substances based on studies being
conducted by the National Academy of Sciences, EPA,
and others.
EPA has established standards (or "maximum
contaminant levels," in technical language) for ten
chemicals, six pesticides, bacteria, radioactivity, and
turbidity (cloudiness).
Most of these substances occur naturally in our
environment and in the foods we eat. The national
drinking water standards set by EPA reflect the levels
we can safely consume in our water, taking into
account the amounts we are exposed to from these
other sources.
Only two substances for which standards have been
set pose an immediate threat to health whenever they
are exceeded:
Bacteria—Coliform bacteria from human and animal
wastes may be found in drinking water if the water is
not properly treated. These bacteria may cause disease
themselves or indicate that other harmful organisms
may be present in the water. Waterborne diseases such
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as typhoid, cholera, infectious hepatitis, and dysentery
have been traced to improperly disinfected drinking
water. If you should receive notice that the bacteria
level in your water exceeds the minimum standard,
follow directions given in the notice.
Nitrate—Nitrate in drinking water above the national
standard poses an immediate threat to children under
three months of age. In some infants, excessive levels
of nitrate have been known to react with the
hemoglobin in the blood to produce an anemic
condition commonly known as "blue baby." If you
receive notice that your drinking water contains an
excessive amount of nitrate, do not give the water to
infants under three months of age and do not use it to
prepare formula. Do not boil the water, as boiling will
only increase the nitrate concentration. Simply read
the notice you receive and follow instructions
carefully.
Following is a brief outline of the other substances
covered by the national drinking water standards.
Water exceeding the maximum contaminant levels for
these elements, for short periods of time, will pose no
immediate threat to health. However, these substances
must be controlled as drinking water that exceeds
these standards over long periods of time may prove
harmful.
Arsenic—This element occurs naturally in the
environment, especially in the western United States,
and it is also used in insecticides. It is found in foods,
tobacco, shellfish, drinking water, and in the air in some
locations.
The national standard allows for 0.05 milligrams of
arsenic per liter of water.
If you drink water that continuously exceeds the
national standard by a substantial amount over a
lifetime, you may suffer from fatigue and loss of
energy. Extremely high levels can cause poisoning.
Barium—Although not as widespread as arsenic, this
element also occurs naturally in the environment in
some areas. It can also enter water supplies through
industrial waste discharges.
Small doses of barium are not harmful. However, it is
quite dangerous when consumed in large quantities and
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will bring on increased blood pressure, nerve damage,
and even death.
The maximum amount of barium allowed in drinking
water by the national standard is 1 milligram per liter
of water.
Cadmium—Only minute amounts of this element are
found in natural waters in the United States. Waste
discharges from the electroplating, photography,
insecticide, and metallurgy industries can increase
cadmium levels, however. The most common source
of cadmium in our drinking water is from galvanized
pipes and fixtures. But the main sources of cadmium
exposure are the foods we eat and cigarette smoking.
The maximum amount of cadmium allowed in drinking
water by the national standard is 0.01 milligrams per
liter of water.
Chromium—This metal is found in cigarettes, some of
our foods, and the air. Some studies suggest that in
minute amounts, chromium may be essential to human
beings, but this has not been proven.
The national standard for chromium is 0.05 milligrams
per liter of water.
Fluoride—This is a natural mineral and all drinking
water contains some. High levels of fluoride in
drinking water can cause brown spots on the teeth, or
mottling, in children up to 12 years of age. Adults can
tolerate ten times more than children. In the proper
amounts, however, fluoride in drinking water prevents
cavities during formative years. This is why many
communities add fluoride in controlled amounts to
their water supply.
The maximum amount of fluoride allowed in drinking
water by the national standard ranges from 0.4
milligrams per liter of water to 2.4 milligrams,
depending on the average maximum daily air
temperature. (The hotter the climate, the lower the
amount allowed, for people tend to drink more water
in hot climates.)
Lead—This metal is found in the air and in our food. It
comes from lead and galvanized pipes, auto exhausts,
and other sources. The maximum amount of lead
permitted in drinking water by the national standards is
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0.05 milligrams per liter of water. Excessive amounts
well above this standard may result in nervous system
disorders or brain or kidney damage.
Mercury—Mercury is found naturally throughout the
environment. Large increases in mercury levels in
water can be caused by industrial and agricultural use.
The health risk from mercury is greater from mercury
in fish than simply from waterborne mercury. Mercury
poisoning may be acute, in large doses, or chronic,
from lower doses taken over an extended time period.
The maximum amount of mercury allowed in drinking
water by the national standard is 0.002 milligrams per
liter of water. That level is 13 percent of the total
allowable daily dietary intake of mercury.
Selenium—This mineral occurs naturally in soil and
plants, especially in western States. It is found in meat
and other foods. Although it is believed to be essential
in the diet, there are indications that excessive
amounts of selenium may be toxic. Studies are
underway to determine the amount required for good
nutrition and the amount that may be harmful.
The national standard for selenium is 0.01 milligrams
per liter of water. If selenium came only from drinking
water, it would take an amount many times greater
than the standard to produce any ill effects.
Silver—This metal should pose no problem. It is
sometimes used in disinfecting water. The maximum
amount of silver allowed in drinking water by the
national standard is 0.05 milligrams per liter of water.
Pesticides—Millions of pounds of pesticides are used
on croplands, forests, lawns, and gardens in the
United States each year. They drain off into surface
waters or seep into underground water supplies. Many
of them may pose health problems if they get into
drinking water and the water is not properly treated.
The maximum limits for pesticides in drinking
water are:
Endrin, 0.0002 milligrams per liter
Lindane, 0.004 milligrams per liter
Methoxychlor, 0.1 milligrams per liter
Toxaphene, 0.005 milligrams per liter
2,4-D, 0.1 milligrams per liter
2,4,5-TP Silvex, 0.01 milligrams per liter
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It would take a dose ten times greater than these
standards for pesticides to produce any
harmful effects.
Radioactivity—Radioactivity is the only contaminant for
which standards have been set that has been shown to
cause cancer. However, your possible exposure to
radiation in drinking water is only a fraction of your
exposure from all natural sources.
The main source of radioactive material in surface
water is fallout from nuclear bomb testing. Other
sources could be nuclear power plants, nuclear fuel
processing plants, and uranium mines. Those sources
are monitored constantly and there is no great risk of
contamination, barring accidents.
Alpha and radium radioactivity occur naturally in parts
of the west, mid-west, and northeast in ground water.
Standards for those types of radioactivity and for man-
made, or beta, radiation have been set at levels of
safety comparable to other contaminants.
The safe drinking water program includes a monitoring
effort to locate contaminated systems so that remedial
action can be taken.
Turbidity—The cloudiness, or turbidity, of drinking
water is also covered by the national standards. The
minute particles suspended in the water that cause
turbidity can interfere with disinfection and with
bacteria testing. Excessive turbidity can thus allow
disease-causing organisms to survive. Standards have
been set to provide for varying circumstances.
Those, in brief, are the substances for which drinking
water standards have already been established. Any
violation of those standards will be announced
publicly, even if the violation does not endanger your
health. The important thing to remember is that the
law requires water systems to inform the public of any
violation of the regulations, no matter how minor. It's
your extra margin of safety.
So if your water system notifies you of a violation,
read it carefully. Do whatever is recommended to
protect yourself and your family. If you follow
whatever precautions are suggested, you will have no
cause for immediate concern and can help support the
steps necessary to correct the problem.
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Summary
The Safe Drinking Water Act set in motion the first
comprehensive national program to safeguard public
drinking water. The national drinking water standards
apply to all public water systems serving at least 25
people or having at least 15 service connections. The
standards will protect everyone served by
approximately 250,000 water supply systems.
The Safe Drinking Water Act is a public health
measure. The standards are designed to protect your
health. As research progresses, other potentially
harmful substances may be regulated. The Congress
also required that "secondary" standards be issued
covering the esthetic or non-health characteristics of
drinking water—taste, color, and odor, etc.
Many States and many water supply systems already
meet the new national requirements, or will be able to
do so with a minimum of effort. Some will have to
improve their monitoring and treatment programs.
EPA is helping States that need help with technical
assistance and grants for program administration. EPA
is also carrying on research to learn more about the
health effects of other potential water contaminants,
how to detect them in water, and how to get rid of
them. EPA is also making sure that adequate supplies
of treatment chemicals will be available for all public
water supply systems.
But the major responsibility for bringing you safe
drinking water rests with your water supplier, your
State, and ultimately you as a concerned citizen.
This pamphlet has attempted to describe this new
program in simple, non-technical language. But the job
of implementing the Safe Drinking Water Act will be
no simple matter. It is complex. It requires your
cooperation and support.
And it requires your understanding that you may have
to pay more for safe drinking water—especially if you
are served by a small water supply system that has not
kept up with modem technology.
It is expected that the cost of safe drinking water for
some consumers may increase in systems that have to
improve their disinfection or filtration practices. For
consumers served by systems that have heavy metal
problems, the cost may be even greater. However,
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there are alternatives and programs available to
systems needing help. Most consumers, especially
those in large cities, should not be
significantly affected.
Whatever the added cost might be, keep the
alternatives in mind: water that's safe to drink, or the
risk of disease or other harmful effects. It's a small
price to pay for assuring yourself, your community,
and all Americans that our water is truly safe to drink.
Want More Information?
Additional information on what your State and EPA are
doing to make certain your drinking water is safe—and
remains safe—is available from these agencies:
EPA Regional Offices
EPA Region 1
Room 2303
JFK Federal Building
Boston, MA 02203
EPA Region 2
Room 1005
26 Federal Plaza
New York, NY 10007
EPA Region 3
Curtis Building
6th and Walnut Streets
Philadelphia, PA 19106
EPA Region 4
345 Courtland St., NE
Atlanta, GA 30308
EPA Region 5
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604
EPA Region 6
1201 Elm St.
Dallas, TX 75270
EPA Region 7
1735 Baltimore Street
Kansas City, MO 64108
EPA Region 8
Suite 900
1860 Lincoln Street
Denver, CO 80203
EPA Region 9
100 California Street
San Francisco, CA 94111
EPA Region 10
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, WA 98101
States Covered
Connecticut, Maine,
Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, Rhode Island,
Vermont
New Jersey, New York, Puerto
Rico, Virgin Islands
Delaware, Maryland,
Pennsylvania, Virginia, West
Virginia, District of Columbia
Alabama, Georgia, Florida,
Mississippi, North Carolina,
South Carolina, Tennessee,
Kentucky
Illinois, Indiana, Ohio,
Michigan, Wisconsin,
Minnesota
Arkansas, Louisiana,
Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico
Iowa, Kansas, Missouri,
Nebraska
Colorado, Utah, Wyoming,
Montana, North Dakota, South
Dakota
Arizona, California, Nevada,
Hawaii
Alaska, Idaho, Oregon,
Washington
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State Water Supply Agencies
Division of Public Water Supplies
Environmental Health Administration
State Office Building
Montgomery, AL 36130
Division of Air & Water Quality
Control
Dept. of Environmental
Conservation
Pouch 0
Juneau, AK 99801
Bureau of Consumer Protection
Services
State Dept. of Health
4815 W. Markham Street
Little Rock, AR 72201
Bureau of Water Quality Control
1740 West Adams Street
Phoenix, AZ 85007
State Dept. of Health
2151 Berkeley Way
Berkeley, CA 94704
Engineering & Sanitation
Dept. of Health
4210 E.11th Avenue
Denver, CO 80220
Water Supply Division
CT Dept. of Health
Elm Street
Hartford, CT06115
Bureau of Environmental Health
Dept. of Health & Social Services
Jesses. Cooper Building
Capitol Square
Dover, DE 19901
Water Resources Administration
415 12th Street N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20001
Bureau of Drinking Water & Special
Programs
FL Dept. of Environmental Reg.
2562 Executive Center Circle, E.
Tallahassee, FL 32301
Water Protection Branch
GA Dept. of Natural Resources
270 Washington Street, S.W.
Room 822
Atlanta, GA 30334
HI State Dept. of Health
Environmental Protection Div.
Pollution Technical Review Br.
P.O. Box 3378
Honolulu, HI 96801
Dept. of Health & Welfare
Statehouse
Boise, ID 83720
Division of Public Water Supply
IL Environmental Protection Agency
4500 South 6th Street
Springfield, IL 62706
Division of Sanitary Engineering
State Board of Health
1330 West Michigan Street
Indianapolis, IN 46206
Water Quality Management Division
Dept. of Environmental Quality
P.O. Box 3326
Des Moines, IA 50316
Water Supply Section
Division of Environment
Dept. of Health & Environment
Topeka, KS 66620
Division of Sanitary Engineering
KY Dept. for Natural Resources &
Environmental Protection
Century Plaza—U.S. 127 South
Frankfort, KY 40601
Bureau of Environmental Health
LA Health & Human Resources
Administration
Division of Health
P.O. Box 60630
New Orleans, LA 70160
Division of Environmental
Engineering
ME Dept. of Human Services
State House
Augusta, ME 04330
Water Supply
Division of Water & Sewerage
State Dept. of Health & Mental
Hygiene
201 W. Preston Street
Baltimore, MD21201
Division of Water Supply
MA Deot. of Environmental
Quality Engineering
600 Washington Street
Boston, MA 02111
Dept. of Public Health
3500 North Logan Street
Lansing, Ml 48914
Water Supply & General
Engineering
MN Dept. of Health
715 Delaware St. S.E.
Minneapolis, MN 55440
Division of Water Supply
State Board of Health
P.O. Box 1700
Jackson, MS 39205
Water Supply Program
Division of Environmental Quality
P.O. Box 1368
Jefferson City, MO 65101
Water Quality Bureau
Dept. of Health & Environmental
Sciences
Cogswell Building
Helena, MT 59601
Division of Environmental
Engineering
Dept. of Health
Lincoln Bldg.
10th & O Streets
Lincoln, NB 68509
Dept. of Human Resources
201 South Fall Street
Carson City, NV 89710
NH Water Supply & Pollution Control
Commission
105 Loudon Road
Concord, NH 03301
Bureau of Potable Water
Dept. of Environmental Protection
P.O. Box 2809
Trenton, NJ 08625
Water Supply Section
Environmental Improvement Agency
P.O. Box 2348
Santa Fe, NM 87501
Bureau of Public Water Supply
NY Dept. of Health
845 Central Avenue
Albany, NY 12206
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United States Office of
Environmental Protection Public Affairs (A-107)
Agency Washington, D.C. 20460
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use
$300
Postage and Fees Paid
Environmental
Protection
Agency
EPA-335
Third Class Bulk
Water Supply Branch
Division of Health Services
Dept. of Human Resources
Bath Bldg., P.O. Box 2091
Raleigh, NC 27602
Division of Water Supply & Pollution
Control
Dept. of Health
State Capitol
Bismarck, ND 58501
Office of Public Water Supply
OH Environmental Protection
Agency
P.O. Box 1049
Columbus, OH 43216
Water Quality Service
Dept. of Health
N.E. 10th & Stonewall
Oklahoma City, OK 73117
Office of Sanitation Services
Dept. of Human Resources
1400 S.W. Fifth Avenue
Portland, OR 97201
Division of Water Supply & Sewage
Pennsylvania Dept. of
Environmental Resources
P.O. Box 2063
Harrisburg, PA 17120
Rl Dept. of Health
Health Bldg., Room 209
75 Davis Street
Providence, Rl 02908
Division of Water Supply
SC Dept. of Health & Environmental
Control
2600 Bull Street
Columbia, SC 29201
Water Hygiene Program
Dept. of Environmental Protection
Joe Foss Building
Pierre, SD 57501
Division of Environmental Sanitation
TN Dept. of Public Health
320 Capitol Hill Building
Nashville, TN 37219
Environmental & Consumer Health
Protection
TX Dept. of Health Resources
1100 West 49th Street
Austin, TX 78756
Bureau of Water Quality
Environmental Health Branch
44 Medical Drive
Salt Lake City, UT84113
Div. of Environmental Health
VT Dept. of Health
60 Main St.
Burlington, VT 05401
Bureau of Sanitary Engineering
State Dept. of Health
James Madison Building
109 Governor Street
Richmond, VA 23219
Water Supply & Waste Unit
Dept. of Social & Health Services
P.O. Box 1788
Olympia, WA 98504
Environmental Health Services
State Dept. of Health
State Office Building
1800 E. Washington Street
Charleston, WV 25305
Public Water Supply Section
Dept. of Natural Resources
P.O. Box 450
Madison, Wl 53701
Water Quality Division
Dept. of Environmental Quality
Hathaway Bldg.
Cheyenne, WY 82002
Department of Public Works
Government of American Samoa
Pago Pago, American Samoa 96920
Environmental Protection Agency
Government of Guam
P.O. Box 2999
Agana, Guam 96910
Chief of Environmental Health
Dept. of Health Services
Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
Saipan, Mariana Islands 96950
Water Supply Program
PR Health Dept.
P.O. Box 9342
Hayto Rey, Puerto Rico 00927
Dept. of Conservation
Division of Natural Resource Mgmt.
Building 15-F
Watergut Homes
Christiansted, St. Croix
U.S. Virgin Islands 00820
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