PRELIMINARY REPORT
OF A STATE AND
LOCAL AIR POLLUTION f
CONTROLAGENCY
MANPOWER AND
TRAINING SURVEY
Conducted in April,1971
By The U.S.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY
Office of Air Programs
Office of Manpower Development
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PRELIMINARY REPORT OF A
STATE AND LOCAL AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCY
MANPOWER AND TRAINING SURVEY
CONDUCTED IN APRIL 1971 BY THE
U. S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF AIR PROGRAMS
OFFICE OF MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Programs grate-
fully acknowledges the assistance provided by all state and local
air pollution control agencies.
Information collected in this survey will be used to guide
the Office of Manpower Development in providing responsive man-
power and training assistance.
We also wish to acknowledge the assistance provided by the
nine agencies that participated in the November 1970 pilot study.
Constructive criticism offered by agency personnel on the methods,
design, procedures and the draft questionnaire were most helpful
and contributed toward the success of this all-agency survey.
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CONTENTS
Page
I. INTRODUCTION 1
II. SUMMARY* 3
III. SURVEY FINDINGS 6
A. Agencies 7
B. Budget 11
C. Manpower 13
D. Salaries 21
E. Education 24
F. Functional Activities 26
G. Manpower Projections 28
IV. COMPARISONS 31
V. METHODOLOGY 35
APPENDICES
A. Titles and Definitions for Air Pollution Control
Personnel (Occupational Categories) 38
B. Functional Descriptions 42
C. Definitions 44
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TABLES
Section
Number
Title
Pa<
Agencies
III-A-1 DISTRIBUTION OF AGENCIES BY SIZE
BASED ON CLASSIFICATION OF
POSITIONS (State, Local and
Multijurisdictional Agencies)
III-A-2 DISTRIBUTION OF AGENCIES BY SIZE
BASED ON CLASSIFICATION OF
POSITIONS (State Agencies)
III-A-3 DISTRIBUTION OF AGENCIES BY SIZE
BASED ON CLASSIFICATION OF
POSITIONS (Local and Multijuris-
dictional Agencies)
10
Budgets
III-B-1 TOTAL MEAN BUDGETS FOR STATE AND
LOCAL AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
AGENCIES
12
Manpower
III-C-1 BUDGETED POSITIONS IN AIR POLLUTION 15
CONTROL AGENCIES BY REGION AND BY
TYPE OF POSITIONS (April 1971)
III-C-2 AVERAGE NUMBER OF POSITIONS PER 16
AGENCY BASED ON AGENCY SIZE
III-C-3 NUMBER AND PERCENT OF FILLED 17
POSITIONS IN AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
AGENCIES BY REGION AND BY
OCCUPATIONAL TITLE (April 1971)
III-C-4 BUDGETED VACANCIES IN AIR POLLUTION 18
CONTROL AGENCIES BY REGION AND BY
AGENCY TYPE
III-C-5 NUMBER OF VACANCIES IN AIR POLLUTION 19
CONTROL AGENCIES BY AGENCY TYPE AND
SIZE
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Salaries
Education
III-C-6
III-D-1
III-D-2
III-E-1
Functional III-F-1
Activities
Manpower III-G-1
Projections
Comparisons IV-T
IV-2
IV-3
IV-4
OBSTACLES TO FILLING BUDGETED 20
VACANCIES IN STATE AND LOCAL AIR
POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCIES
SALARIES OF FILLED POSITIONS IN 22
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCIES
(April 1971)
SALARIES OF VACANT POSITIONS IN 23
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCIES
(April 1971)
MAJOR FIELDS OF STUDY REPORTED BY 25
EMPLOYEES OF STATE AND LOCAL AIR
POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCIES
(April 1971)
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION OF TIME 27
SPENT IN AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
ACTIVITIES BY AGENCY TYPE
PROJECTED STAFF OF AIR POLLUTION 29
CONTROL AGENCIES, FISCAL YEARS
1972-1975
COMPARISON OF ALL STATE AND LOCAL 31
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCIES BY
SIZE RANGE BY INDICATED TIME FRAMES
BUDGETED FULL-TIME POSITIONS IN 32
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCIES BY
REGION FOR 1969 and 1971
NUMBERS OF STATE AGENCIES AND FULL- 33
TIME POSITIONS BASED ON AGENCY SIZE
NUMBERS OF LOCAL AGENCIES AND FULL- 34
TIME POSITIONS BASED ON AGENCY SIZE
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I. INTRODUCTION
The 1967 Amendments to the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 1857-18571)
section 305(b) directed the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare
to "make a complete investigation and study to determine (1) the need
for additional trained state and local personnel to carry out programs
assisted pursuant to this Act and other programs for the same purpose
as this act; (2) means of using existing Federal training programs to
train such personnel; and (3) the need for additional trained personnel
''; * ".'"..-.
to develop, operate, and maintain those pollution control facilities
designed and installed to implement air quality standards."
This task was completed and a "Manpower and Training Needs for
Air Pollution Control" Report was made to Congress in June 1970. In
the Report, it was estimated by means of a Predictive Manpower Model
that state and local air pollution control agencies would require
8,000 positions by 1974 to implement the Clean Air Act of 1967. The
1974 target of 8,000 is a conservative estimate since the model did
not take into consideration the 1970 Amendments to the Clean Air Act
which place an even greater workload on the control agencies than did
the 1967 Act.
No additional manpower studies were required by the 1970 Amendments
to the Clean Air Act; however, since state and local agencies are in a
period of rapid growth, it is especially important that the Office
of Air Programs have current and reliable information upon which to
develop and implement programs on a priority basis. In addition, the
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successful implementation of effective air pollution control
programs depends on sufficient qualified manpower in state
and local air pollution control agencies.
This study was undertaken to evaluate the current and
projected manpower needs of air pollution control-agencies
and to identify significant staffing problems of these
agencies. In order to maintain current data and provide
meaningful manpower and training assistance programs for
the agencies, it will be necessary to conduct similar
manpower surveys of control agencies on a continuing basis.
This is a preliminary report including the highlights
of the study. A comprehensive report is now being written
and will be published in early 1972.
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II. SUMMARY
The actual number of filled full-time positions has risen from
2,300 in 1969 to 4,205 in 1971, an increase of 1,905 positions. The
Survey indicated a total of 5,111 budgeted positions, which includes
4,205 full-time, 457 part-time and 449 vacant positions. There were
2,837 budgeted positions in 1969. The vacancy rate (based on full-
time budgeted positions) has been reduced from 18.9 percent in
1969 to 9.6 percent in 1971. The number of filled positions,
as estimated by air pollution control directors, is expected to
increase to 7,054 by 1974.
The major concentrations of manpower are in EPA Regions IX,
II, and V, while the lower concentrations of manpower are reported
in EPA Regions VII, VIII, and X. The total number of agencies has
increased from 241 in 1969 to 264 in 1971. A comparison of the
size of air pollution control agencies indicates a trend toward
larger staffs. For example, in 1969, 55.6 percent of the agencies
had 4 positions or less, however, in 1971 only 26.6 percent of
the agencies fall into this category. Agencies reporting 1-2
positions have dropped from 39.4 percent in 1969 to 11.4 percent
in 1971.
Agency officials indicated in the Survey that their manpower
recruitment problems still include low salary levels and lack of
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trained qualified applicants. These problems are especially
evident in the smaller agencies. Another frequently cited
reason for not filling vacancies even when positions have
been allocated and budgeted is a freeze on hiring. Approxi-
mately one-third of the agencies did not anticipate problems
in filling vacant positions.
Personnel with a wide variety of academic backgrounds are
employed in control agencies. Nearly half of all positions are
filled by personnel with engineering, biological and physical
science and health training. Sixty percent of agency staffs
hold degrees beyond high school. Five percent hold two year
associate degrees, 44 percent bachelor degrees, 10 percent
masters, and one percent doctorate. At the end of April 1971,
204 agencies reported a total of 449 vacant positions, with
the greatest need for engineers.
Salaries in agencies are increasing. In 1969 the Manpower
Report showed the salary levels for engineers were 30-50 percent
below the median level for engineers with comparable jobs in
industry. Comparisons of salary levels with various economic
indicators will be included in the final report of this study.
Engineers comprise the largest single professional occupa-
tional group and account for 26 percent of the total staff.
Seventeen percent of the engineers work in engineering positions;
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the remaining function in such capacities as agency directors
and air pollution specialists. The most common types of
engineers are chemical, mechanical and ci.vil.
Personnel in state agencies spend the greatest portion of
their time performing technical services, whereas local and
multijurisdictional agency personnel reportedly spend the
highest percentage of their efforts in enforcement activities.
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III. SURVEY FINDINGS
Highlights of the findings of the survey are presented in
this section. Characteristics of state, local and multijurisdictional
air pollution control agencies relative to number of agencies, budget
information, manpower (including filled and vacant positions), and
obstacles agencies face in filling their vacancies are presented.
Information concerning educational qualifications of agency manpower
including degrees, major fields, and certificates is discussed. Data
regarding percentage of effort devoted to administrative, technical,
engineering and enforcement activities in control agencies are included.
In addition, there are projections of manpower growth from FY 72-75
as viewed by air pollution control agency directors. Comparison of
1971 manpower data to 1969 data from the Manpower Report is also
included.
Occupational categories, functional descriptions and terms used
in this report are defined in Appendices A, B, and C, respectively.
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III. SURVEY FINDINGS
A. Agencies
A total of 264 air pollution control agencies were
identified in this Survey (Table III-A-1). Agencies are
staffed with full-time and/or part-time personnel. Twenty-
eight agencies are staffed with part-time personnel only.
Thirty percent of the 264 agencies are staffed with
5-8 positions. Twenty-seven percent have 4 or less positions
and 10 percent of the agencies have 33 or more positions.
The 264 air pollution control agencies include 53
state (Table III-A-2), 167 local (Table III-A-3) and 44
multijurisdictional agencies (Table III-A-4).
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TABLE III-A-1
DISTRIBUTION OF AGENCIES BY SIZE
BASED ON CLASSIFICATION OF POSITIONS
. >. , (April 1971) '
State, Local and Multijurisdic.tional Agencies*
Agency Size
(No. Positions)
1-2 -
3-4
5-8
9-16
17-32
33-64
65-128
129 or >
TOTAL
. Based, on Full-Time., -
Positions Only
No. Agencies
''51
. -;; ' 38
. . ;47«-
41 ';.
32
14
6
7
236
Tercent
. 21.6
16.1
19.9
' 17.4
' 13.5
5.9
2.5
3.0
100%
Based on Full-Time
and Part-time Positions
No. Agencies
30
. 40 '.
. . 78 '
47 ".
42
13
7
7
264
Percent
. 11.4
15.2
29.5
. 17.8
. 15.9
4.9
2.6
2.6
100%
*See Appendix C for Definitions
EPA-OAP-OMD
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TABLE III-A-2
DISTRIBUTION OF AGENCIES BY SIZE
BASED ON CLASSIFICATION OF POSITIONS
(April 1971)
State Agencies
Agency Size
(No. Positions)
1-2
3-4
5-8
9-16
17-32
33-64
65-128
129 or >
TOTAL
Based on Full-Time
Positions Only
No . Agencies
2
4
6
12
17
5
2
4
*52
Percent
3.8
7.7
11.5
23.1
32.7
9.6
3.8
7.7
100%
Based on Full-Time
and Part-Time Positions
No. Agencies
1
5
3
12
21
4
3
4
53
Percent
1.9
9.4
5.7
22.6
39.6
7.5
5.7
7.5
100%
*Includes Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands.
EPA-OAP-OMD
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TABLE III-A-3
DISTRIBUTION OF AGENCIES BY SIZE
BASED ON CLASSIFICATION OF POSITIONS
(April 1971)
Local and Multijurisdictional Agencies
Agency Size
(No. Positions)
1-2
3-4
5-8
9-16
17-32
33-64
65-128
129 or >
TOTAL
Based on Full-Time
Positions Only
No. Agencies
49
34
41
29
15
9
4
3
184
Percent
26.6
18.5
22.3
L5.8
8.1
4.9
2.2
1.6
100%
Based on Full-Time
and Part-Time Positions
No. Agencies
29
35
75
35
21
9
4
3
211
Percent
13.7
16.6
35.6
16.6
9.9
4.3
1.9
1.4
100%
EPA-OAP-OMD
10
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III. SURVEY FINDINGS
B. Budget
The budget levels for air pollution control agencies range
from $28,500 to $4,144,400 (Table III-B-1). "Budget" includes
both state and local funds and federal grant-in-aid monies.
These data represent the mean budgets for each type of agency
within a given size class.
11
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TABLE III-B-1
TOTAL MEAN BUDGETS FOR STATE .AND
LOCAL AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCIES
(In Thousands of Dollars)
April 1971
Agency Size
[Positions]
1-2
3-4
5-8
9-16
17-32
33-64
65-128
129 or >
Type of Agencies
State
43.3
40.6
89.6
177.0
427.8
9.22.9
924.3
2101.0
Local
28.5
51.8
101.3
181.1
321.6
541.0
1573.0
4144.4
Multijurisdictional
57.2
44.7
88.6
156.0
385.5
757.7
2051.5
-
EPA-OAP-OMD
12
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III. SURVEY FINDINGS
C. Manpower
A total of 5,111 budgeted positions are in 264 state, local and
multijurisdictional air pollution control agencies. (Table III-C-1).
Of this total, 4,205 are full-time (82.3%), 457 are part-time (8.9%)
and 449 are vacant (b.8%) (assumed to be full-time positions).
Table III-C-2 shows the distribution of control agencies
stratified by size into.eight groups based on full-time positions
only compared with full-time and part-time positions. As indicated,
there are 236 agencies based on full-time positions and 264 agencies
when part-time positions are added. There are 28 agencies of the 264
staffed by part-time employees only-. While many of these positions
are truly part-time, some of them represent full-time employees of
environmental agencies who devote a portion of their time to air
pollution activities.
Of the 4,662 filled positions, 17.2 percent are engineering
positions, the largest single professional group. The largest
occupational category is composed of inspectors who comprise 18.5
percent of the total staff. Meteorologists are the smallest
professional category and account for only 1 percent of all the
filled positions. Agencies in EPA Regions V, IX, and II are
staffed with the largest number of positions while Regions VIII,
VII and X have the smallest number of filled positions (Table III-C-3),
13
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The 449 vacancies are almost equally divided between state and
local agencies, with only 7.3 percent of the vacancies in multijuris-
dictional agencies. Agencies in EPA Regions III, V, II and IV
reported the largest number of vacancies, and agencies in Regions
VIII, I and VII reported the least vacancies (Table III-C-4).
The largest number of vacancies is in the 17-32 man agencies
(Table III-C-5).
For the 449 vacant positions in the 264 agencies, 492 responses
related to problems in filling vacancies were reported (Table III-C-6)
More than one obstacle to filling vacancies was reported for some
vacant positions. The most frequently stated obstacle was the
"lack of trained, qualified applicants". Another significant
problem was "inadequate salary". This was followed by "government
freeze on hiring". Of the responses, 35.8 percent anticipated no
difficulty in hiring.
14
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TABLE III-C-1
BUDGETED POSITIONS IN AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
AGENCIES BY REGION AND
BY TYPE OF POSITIONS
April 1971
Region
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
TOTAL
PERCENT
Type of Position
Filled
Full-Time
196
762
497
563
717
291
133
82
776
188
4205
82.3
Part-time
55
35
35
56
120
42
20
35
53
6
457
8.9
Vacant
8
80
88
63
87
43
11
7
43
19
449
8.8
Total
259
877
620
682
924
376
164
124
872
213
5111
100
EPA-OAP-OMD
15
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TABLE III-C-2
AVERAGE NUMBER OF POSITIONS PER
AGENCY BASED ON AGENCY SIZE
(For State, Local and Multijurisdictional
Air Pollution Control Agencies)
(April 1971)
Full-Time-Positions Only
Agency Size
(No. Positions)
1-2
3-4
5-8
9-16
17-32
33-64
65-128
129 or >
TOTAL
Number of
Agencies
51
38
47
41
32
14
6
7
236
Number of
Positions
73
130
311
472
744
609
472
1394
4205 .
Average No.
Posit ions /Agency
1.4
3.4
6.6
11.5
23.2
43.5
78.7
199.1
17.8
Full-Time and Part-Time Positions
Agency Size
(No. Positions)
1-2
3-4
5-8
9-16
17-32
33-64
65-128
129 or >
TOTAL
Number of
Agencies
30
40
78
47
42
13
7
7
264
Number of
Positions
47
147
491
524
949
551
543
1410
4662
Average No.
Positions /Agency
1.6
3.7
6.3
11.1
22.6
42.4
77.6
201.4
17.7
16
EPA-OAP-OMD
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TABLE III-C-3
NUMBER AND PERCENT OF FILLED POSITIONS IN AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCIES
BY REGION AND BY OCCUPATIONAL TITLE (April 1971)
Occupational Title
Director
Supervisor
Engineer I
Engineer II
Chemist I
Chemist II
Meteorologist I
Meteorologist II
Specialist I
Specialist II
Technician I (Trainee)
Technician II
Technician III
Inspector I (Trainee)
Inspector II
Inspector III
Aide I
Aide II
Adm. , Clerical, All Other
Total
%
I
16
12
15
39
4
15
-
7
11
3
10
3
1
26
29
1
5
54
251
5.4
II
23
51
66
83
16
19
5
3
23
37
10
35
12
9
113
41
15
24
212
797
17.1
III
22
42
51
52
17
21
1
4
36
21
27
36
14
28
35
10
4
2
109
532
11.4
IV
32
41
51
52
26
37
2
2
41
20
28
33
19
8
41
30
2
10
144
619
13.3
V
48
58
43
89
20
40
_
5
8
20
44
32
12
37
96
59
8
4
214
837
17.9
VI
21
22
14
14
15
15
2
4
27
24
3
18
4
13
38
10
4
6
79
333
7.1
VII
15
15
14
7
3
10
_
4
11
3
9
2
3
19
5
2
3
28
153
3.3
VIII
15
7
11
9
5
4
_
2
7
8
5
3
2
3
11
2
-
1
22
117
2.5
IX
26
48
75
91
25
26
4
7
11
22
20
54
17
21
120
34
4
1
223
829
17.8
X
14
17
6
22
4
13
4
7
8
-
15
10
1
15
6
1
1
50
194
4.2
TOTAL
232
313
346
458
135
200
14
31
171
182
143
245
95
124
514
226
41
57
1135
4662
%
5.0
6.7
7.4
9.8
2.9
4.3
0.3
0.7
3.7
3.9
3.1
5.3
2.0
2.7
11.0
4.8
0.9
1.2
24.3
100.0
*See Appendix A for Definitions of Codes
EPA-OAP-OMD
17
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17
TABLE III-C-4
TABLE III-C-3
NUMBER AND PERCENT OF FILLED POSITIONS
IN AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCIES BY REGION
AND BY OCCUPATIONAL TITLE CAPRIL 1971)
BUDGETED VACANCIES IN AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCIES
BY REGION AND BY AGENCY TYPE
(April 1971)
Region
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
TOTAL
PERCENT
Type of Agency
State
6
55
23
35
11
26
3
4.
17
13
193
43.0
Local
2
18
64
28
61
17
6
2
22
3
223
49.7
Multij urisdiction
0
7
1
0
15
0
2
1
4
3
33
7.3
Total
8
80
88
63
87
43
11
7
43
19
449
100
EPA-OAP-OMD
18
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TABLE III-C-5
NUMBER OF VACANCIES IN
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCIES BY
AGENCY TYPE AND SIZE
(April 1971)
Agency
Size
1-2
3-4
5-8
9-16
17-32
33-64
65-128
129 or >
Total
Percent
State
3
2
1
5
66
44
13
59
193
43.0
Type of Age
Local
16
17
28
23
22
22
71
24
223
49.7
ncy
Multi juris.
5
2
10
3
7
4
2
-
33
7.3
Tnt-al
24
21
39
31
95
70
86
83
449
7
5.3
4.7
8.7
6.9
21.1
15.6
19.2
18.5
:₯:₯:₯:$:$$:::::::
100 0
EPA-OAP-OMD
19
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TABLE III-C-6
OBSTACLES TO FILLING BUDGETED
VACANCIES IN STATE AND LOCAL
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCIES
(April 1971)
Obstacles to Filling
Vacant Positions
No difficulty expected
Lack of trained,
qualified applicants
Salary Inadequate
Government Freeze on
hiring
Lack of Funds or Grant
Awaiting exam results
on applicant accept.
Personnel system
problems
Limited Space
Other
Total
Percent
Type of Agency
State
75
40
10
31
11
14
13
5
7
206
41.9
Local and
Other
101
58
53
17
24
12
0
0
21
286
58.1
Total
176
98
63
48
35
26
13
5
28
492
Percent
35.8
19.9
12.8
9.7
7.1
5.3
2.6
1.0
5.7
XvXvXvX*X*X*X*
100
Note: "Other" category includes no reason stated, lack of
supervisory personnel, relocation of office, etc.
EPA-OAP-OMD
20
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III. SURVEY FINDINGS
D. Salaries
Salaries of filled positions in air pollution control
agencies vary considerably for each occupational category
(Table III-D-1). For example, agency directors' salaries
range from $7,300 to $34,000 per year, with a mean low of
$15,300 to a mean high of $18,100 per year. The wide salary
range shows no apparent relationship to the type of agency.
Salary range is reported only for full-time positions because
it was not feasible to convert a part-time salary to an annual
salary with any degree of accuracy.
Mean salaries of vacant positions are generally consistent
with those of filled positions; however, some differences do
exist (Table III-D-2). These differences may be due in part to
the relatively small number of vacant positions (449) compared
to the number of filled full-time positions (4205).
Note: The salary data in Table III-D-1 represent ranges
for a specified position and therefore are not necessarily the
actual salary for any given individual.
21
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TABLE III-D-1
SALARIES OF FILLED POSITIONS IN AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCIES (APRIL 1971)
(IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS)
TYPE OF AGENCIES
Occupational Title
Director
Supervisor
Engineer I
Engineer II
Chemist I
Chemist II
Meteorologist I
Meteorologist II
Specialist I
Specialist II
Technician I (Trainee)
Technician II
Technician III
Inspector I (Trainee)
Inspector II
Inspector III
Aide I
Aide II
Adm. , Clerical, All Other
State
Low
7.7
7.6
6.2
7.4
6.2
5.0
7.6
7.0
6.5
5.6
2.9
3.5
5.2
5.2
4.7
6.1
4.6
4.3
2.9
Range
Hieh
29.9
27.0
19.3
22.6
13.6
18.1
13.3
17.7
19.3
20.4
11.1
13.9
18.5
18.0
13.8
13.6
10.0
10.0
22.6
Local
Low
7.3
6.0
8.4
9.0
5.0
6.0
7.9
8.3
5.1
4.9
4.1
4.0
5.8
4.3
4.5
5.0
3.4
5.4
3.4
Range
Hieh
34.6
29.0
16.4
21.7
14.5
17.2
15.3
17.5
15.3
16.1
13.5
13.5
16.5
14.9
21.0
17.2
8.0
11.8
21.4
Multijuris.
Low
8.8
6.4
8.0
8.5
6.6
6.9
-
10.2
5.0
6.4
4.3
5.6
7.0
6.1
5.7
6.2
5.1
6.2
3.8
Range
High
31.0
24.0
14.7
21.0
14.4
17.4
-
17.0
13.9
21.0
13.1
16.2
17.0
11.8
12.8
17.4
8.3
11.0
26.0
Mean Range
Low
15.3
13.5
10.5
12.5
8.6
10.0
10.3
10.9
8.3
9.7
7.0
7.9
8.6
7.4
8.4
9.3
5.8
6.7
6.6
for All Agencies
High
18.1
16.6
12.9
15.5
10.6
12.5
12.2
14.2
10.6
12.2
9.0
9.8
10.9
9.7
10.3
11.2
7.0
8.0
8.0
- None Reported
* See Appendix A for Definitions
EPA-OAP-OMD
22
-------
22
TABLE III-D-1
SALARIES OF FILLED POSITIONS
IN AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCIES (APRIL 1971)
(IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS)
-------
TABLE III-D-2
SALARIES OF VACANT POSITIONS IN AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCIES (APRIL 1971)
(IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS)
TYPE OF AGENCIES
Occupational Title
Director
Supervisor
Engineer I
Engineer II
Chemist I
Chemist II
Meteorologist I
Meteorologist II
Specialist I
Specialist II
Technician I (Trainee)
Technician II
Technician III
Inspector I (Trainee)
Inspector II
Inspector III
Aide I
Aide II
Adm., Clerical, All Other
State
Low
16.8
11.7
8.0
9.6
6.6
10.0
7.2
10.0
7.4
9.0
3.5
4.0
4.7
5.2
5.4
7.7
-
3.8
3.9
Range
High
20.2
22.9
15.0
17.2
11.5
15.0
14.9
12.0
17.7
18.1
10.0
11.6
5.6
13.0
13.0
13.0
-
-
20.4
Local
Low
14.0
12.6
8.0
8.4
6.3
9.0
-
-
4.5
4.9
5.5
5.4
5.2
6.8
4.5
5.0
4.8
3.4
33.4
Range
High
20.0
28.1
15.3
19.0
12.9
16.1
-
-
12.3
15.6
10.1
10.4
13.5
12.2
13.5
11.4
5.7
9.3
24.2
Multijuris.
Low
12.2
10.0
10.6
-
12.0
-
-
-
-
7.1
6.1
8.0
7.0
7.2
-
7.5
6.2
5.1
Range
High
17.3
15.9
14.8
-
15.4
-
-
-
-
7.8
7.3
11.0
7.3
10.2
-
8.0
9.4
15.0
Mean Range
Low
15.3
15.2
10.1
11.7
8.4
11.2
9.1
10.0
8.5
9.4
6.6
7.2
7.2
8.1
7.7
7.5
6.8
5.3
6.5
for All Agencies
High
19.4
20.1
12.3
14.8
10.1
14.4
12.8
12.0
10.9
11.6
8.0
8.8
9.0
10.1
9.5
9.4
7.4
6.8
8.1
*See Appendix A for definitions
-None Reported
EPA-OAP-OMD
23
-------
23
TABLE III-D-2
SALARIES OF VACANT POSITIONS
IN AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCIES (APRIL 1971)
(IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS)
III. SURVEY FINDINGS
E. Education
Of the 4662 filled positions, 3036 degrees in major fields
of study were reported (Table III-E-1). A total of 1204 engineering
degrees were reported, the largest single professional category
in control agencies. The second highest number was 910, in
biological and physical sciences. The 433 "other" include degrees
in law, medicine or unspecified areas. These statistics represent
total degrees and include more than one degree within the same
major field or in different fields reported by some individuals.
Degrees were grouped into 9 major academic fields for this
preliminary report as indicated in Table III-E-1. Data were
collected on specific degrees in each of the major fields and
will be included in the final report.
24
-------
TABLE III-E-1
MAJOR FIELDS OF STUDY REPORTED BY EMPLOYEES OF
STATE AND LOCAL AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCIES (April 1971)
Major Fields of Study
Agriculture
Biol,,Phys, Science
Social Sciences
Business, Commerce
Mathematics
Lib. Arts, Humanities
Education
Health Professions
Engineering
Other*
Total
OCCUPATIONAL CATEGORY
01 02
5 6
68 80
4 4
8 15
1 6
2 4
4 7.
40 33
146 185
51 45
329 385
03 04
2 1
27 53
-
.5 .7
3 2
2
- 4
- . 6
317 403
15 39
369 517
05 06
2 8
117 182
1 2
- 1
2 3
. - . 1.
2 2
3 3
6 14
13 17
146 233
07 08
-
9 13
1 1
1
1 1
1
.-. .5.
. - . .-
1 6
1 9
13 37
09 10
12 4
81 91
3 4
6 2
. .5. . .-.
3 9
. . .5 . 5
- 9
25 15
15 29
155 168
11 12
1 2
16 23
2 1
1 2
2 3
.1 4
1 2
1
12 9
12 32
.48 79
13 14
1 2
14 15
3 3
4
1 2
-. .4
4
5 . 1.
8 3
11 9
43 47
15 16
8 2
45 37
13 3
19 4
3 1
4 3
14 3
1 2
20 12
30 34
157 101
17 18
4 2
1
-
-
-
1 1
-
-
- 1
5 5.
19
2
33
18
.18
6
16
4
10
22
70
199
Total
58
910
64
93
42
54
64
114
1204
433
3036
*0ther Category Includes;
- None Reported
Law, General Science, Medicine and Degrees
with no field specified
EPA-OAP-OMD
25
-------
25
III. SURVEY FINDINGS
F. Functional Activities
Approximately one-third of the effort in state air pollution
control agencies is directed toward technical aspects of air pollution
control and about one-sixth toward enforcement activities
(Table III-F-1).
Local agencies, on the other hand, spend about one-third
of their effort on enforcement and one-fifth in technical activities.
Multijurisdictional agencies are similar to local agencies
in that about one-third of their work is devoted to enforcement
and one-fourth related to technical aspects.
TABLE III-E-l
MAJOR FIELDS OF STUDY REPORTED
BY EMPLOYEES OF STATE AND LOCAL
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCIES (APRIL 1971)
26
-------
TABLE III-F-1
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION OF TIME SPENT
IN AIR POLLUTION CONTROL ACTIVITIES
BY AGENCY TYPE
(April 1971)
Agency
Type
State
Local
Multijuris-
dictional
Percent
Management
21
14
20
of Effort
Technical
34
23
25
in Each Functional Activity
Enforcement
16
30
34
Engineering
13
13
11
Other
16
20
10
NOTE: See Appendix B for Definitions of Functional Descriptions.
EPA-OAP-OMD
27
-------
III. SURVEY FINDINGS
G. Manpower Projections
Based on the Predictive Manpower Model, it was estimated
that state and local air pollution control agencies would require
8000 people by 1974 to implement the provisions of the Clean Air
Act of 1967. It should be emphasized that this estimate was made
prior to the 1970 Amendments to the Clean Air Act and therefore
the 8000 estimate is considered a conservative number at this
time.
At the present time, the actual number of positions is
slightly in excess of the Predictive Manpower Model estimates.
According to projected positions reported by the agencies, the
number of positions wi.ll correspond to the Model estimates by
the middle of FY 1972 (Table III-G-1). After this period the
manpower needs predicted by the Model will outnumber the positions
projected by the agencies, resulting in a manpower gap.
28
-------
TABLE III-G-1
PROJECTED STAFF OF
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCIES
FISCAL YEARS 1972-1975
(April 1971)
FY 71 Filled
Positions: 4662
1972
Fiscal Years
1973 1974
1975
Reported Staff
Projections
Manpower Adjustment-A
Adjusted Staff
Projections-A
5310 4942 5418 5584
717 1416 1504 1614
Manpower Adjustment-B
Adjusted Staff
Projections-B
6027 6358 6922 7198
210 78 132 65
6237 6436
7054
7263
NOTE; Staff projections reported in the Survey have been
adjusted to eliminate the influence of agencies who
did not respond for all Fiscal Years:
A_: This adjustment is based on the assumption
that non-responding agencies will not grow,
during the above time period, beyond the
staffing level last reported.
B_: This adjustment is based on the assumption
that non-responding agencies will grow during
the above time period, at the same rate as the
agencies who responded.
EPA-OAP-OMD
29
-------
IV. COMPARISONS
Comparisons, based on full-time positions, indicate that
. . . : .
the number of air pollution control agencies in 1971 is slightly
less than in 1969 (Table IV-1). The number- of 1-2 man agencies
has dropped from 95 in 1969 to 51 in 1971. 'The trend .is toward
fewer but larger agencies.
The number of full-time budgeted positions has increased
from 2,837 in .1969 to .4,654 in 1971,. assuming that all vacancies
are full-time positions (Table IV-2). The actual number of
t . ''-' ' . ,. ' r , '
full-time employees has increased from 2,300 to 4,205'during
the same time ,period. The vacancy rate (based on full-time
positions) has.decreased'from 18.9 percent to 9:.6 percent.
The average number of positions in state air pollution
control agencies.has increased steadily from-8.6 positions per
agency in 1961 to 3.1.4 positions in 1971 (Table IV-3).
The average number of positions in local air pollution
control agencies has.doubled from approximately 10 positions per
agency in 1961, 1967 and 1969 to 19.5 positions in 1971 (Table
IV-4). Local agencies with 3 or more.employees have increased
their average staff size from 23.0 in 1961 to 29.7 in 1971.
30
-------
TABLE IV-1 ;
COMPARISON OF :ALL STATE AND'LOCAL
AIR POLLUTION, CQNTROL AGENCIES BY
SIZE RANGE BY INDICATED TIME FRAMES
Agency
Size - -
Range
1-2 Positions
3-4 Positions
5-8 Positions
9-16 Positions
17-32 Positions
33-64 Positions
65-128 Positions
129 or More
TOTALS '
Number of
1969 '
- 95
39
43
29
21
5
4
5
241
Agencies and Percentage
' % -
39.4
16.2
17.8
12.0
8.7
2.1
1.7
2.1
100.0
1971
"51"
38
47
41
32
14
6
7
- 236*
%
' 21^6 s"'-'
16.1
19.9
17'. 4
13^.6
5.9
2.5
3...0
100.0 -
*Based on Full-Time Positions ONLY. There are 264 agencies
if part-time positions are included.
31
-------
TABLE IV-2
BUDGETED FULL-TIME POSITIONS
IN AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCIES
BY REGION FOR 1969 AND 1971
(April 1971)
Region
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
TOTAL
Year
and Type of Position
1969
Full-Time*
72
531
163
189
379
141
60
74
618
73
2300
Vacant"
41
150
90
. 92
81
20
28
2
31
.2
537
1971
Full-Time
196
762
497
563
717
291
133
82
776
188
4205
Vacant
8
80
88
63
87
43 '
- 11
. 7
43
19 .
449
\^S 1 TOTAL \
2837
^
r
18.9%
/ BUDGETED \
\ FULL-TIME I
\POSITIONS /
'/ VACANCY \
N RATE X
NX.
4654
^
r
9.62
*These numbers have been adjusted to conform with EPA Regional
Boundaries.
EPA-OAP-OMD
3?.
-------
TABLE IV-3
NUMBERS OF STATE AGENCIES AND FULL-
TIME POSITIONS BASED ON AGENCY SIZE
(Comparison of 1971 Survey with
1970 Manpower Report)
Agency
Size Range Number
f~C 1 1 T f K ^
\E u_LJ_ J-Xme
Positions) 1961
1-2 9
3-4 2
5-8 2
9-16 1
17-32 2
33-64 1
65-128
129 or >
TOTAL 17
of Agencies in
1967
8
4
10
8
3
1
3
-
37
1969
7
8
5
13
9
1
2
2
47
Range
1971
1
4
6
12
15
5
2
4
49
Number
1961
8
6
15
14
42
62
-
-
147
of Positions
1967
10
12
73
96
67
44
266
-
568
1969
8
26
37
142
224
36
177
347
997
in Range
1971
2
13
40
146
385
225
154
572
1537
Average
Positions Per
1961
1
3
8
14
21
62
-
-
8.6
1967
1
3
7
12
22
44
88
-
15.4
Number
Agency
1969
1
3
7
11
25
36
89
174
21.2
of
in Range
1971
2.0
3.2
6.7
12.2
25.7
45.0
77.0
143.0
31.4
Excludes: Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands to allow for direct comparison.
-None Reported
EPA-OAP-OMD
33
-------
33
TABLE IV-3
NUMBERS OF STATE AGENCIES AND FULL-
TIME POSITIONS BASED ON AGENCY SIZE
(Comparison of 1971 Survey with
1970 Manpower Report)
-------
TABLE IV-4
NUMBERS OF LOCAL AGENCIES AND FULL--,
TIME POSITIONS BASED ON AGENCY SIZE
(Comparison of 1971 Survey with
1970 Manpower Report)
I
Agency
Size Range
(Full-Time
Positions)
1-2
3-4
5-8
9-16
17-32
33-64
65-128
129 or >
TOTAL
Total Agencies
with 3 or More
Positions
Number
1961
50
9
11
6
6
1
1
1
85
35
of Agencies in Range
1967
72
20
19
14
7
4
1
3
140
68
1969
88
31
38
16
12
4
2
3
194
106
1971
49
34
41
29
16
9
4
3
*135
86
Number
1961
70
33
72
70
133
52
74
373
877
807
.. , . . Average Number of
of Positions in Range .
Positions Per Agency in Range
1967
52
75
151
174
185
151
75
695
1558
1506
1969
72
106
237
184
288
161
154
638
1840
1768
1971
69
117
271
326
342
384
318
822
2628
2559
1961
1.4
3.7
6.5
12.0
22.0
52.0
74.0
373.0
10.3
23.0
1967
0.7
3.8
7.9
12.0
26.0
38.0
75.0
232.0
11.1
22.1
1969
0.8
3.4
6.2
12.0
24.0
40.0
77.0
213.0
9.5
16.5
1971
1.4
3.4
6.6
11.2
21.4
42.7
79.5
274.0
19.5
29.7
*Totals Include those agencies in Survey defined as "Local" and "Multijurisdictional".
-"-Washington, D.C. is included above to allow for direct comparison to the Manpower Report.
EPA-OAP-OMD
34
-------
34
V. METHODOLOGY
TABLE IV-4
NUMBERS OF LOCAL AGENCIES AND FULL-j
TIME POSITIONS BASED ON AGENCY SIZE
(Comparison of 1971 Survey with
1970 Manpower Report)
In preparation for this all-agency survey a pilot study was
conducted in nine selected state and local air pollution control
agencies in the fall of 1970. The purpose of the pilot study was
to test methods and procedures of collecting data from agencies
by a mail questionnaire and to evaluate the draft questionnaire.
The pilot study demonstrated that the data required could be
collected by using a mail questionnaire. As a result of this
test, it was necessary to make minor modifications of some
questions and definitions for the revised questionnaire used
in the all-agency survey.
Questionnaires were mailed to 302 state and local air
pollution control agencies which were identified in the Office
of Air Programs grant files and the Air Pollution Control Asso-
ciation list of air pollution control agencies. Of the 302
possible agencies, 264 were identified and classified as state,
local, or multijurisdictional agencies. The remaining 38 responded
but indicated that they were no longer an agency, had been combined
with another agency or were voluntary agencies that had previously
received an air pollution grant but no longer functioned as control
agencies.
35
-------
Data were collected regarding each of the 264 agencies. All
but five of the agencies responded" by returning'their completed
questionnaires by mail.' Visits to four'agenciei were made to
assist them in: completing-their questionnaire'. Information on
one agency was obtained "from a recent air pollution program
grant application. >'" : . ' ,
' Each'completed'questionnaire returned by the agencies was
edited1and coded by the'Office of Manpower Development staff.
Data wer'e the:n keypunched directly from the source document to
minimize transcription errors'. AIT keypunching was verified.
A 60 percent random sample of the 264 agencies stratified by
size was selected and validated against the keypunched data.
An insignificant number of keypunching and coding errors was
identified. Errors were corrected and data files were updated.
Computer programs were written to compile data for the tables
in this report.
This is a 100 percent survey of all state, local and
multijurisdictional agencies. Most data presented are actual
counts; any data adjusted for non-response to individual questions
is indicated on the specific tables and explained in footnotes.
No data concerning training activities in state and local
air pollution control agencies are presented in this preliminary
report. These data are being analyzed and will be included in the
comprehensive report scheduled for publication in November 1971.
36
-------
The "administrative, clerical and other" occupational category
(code 19) is non-specific. Therefore in many of the following
analyses this category may show wide variation, appear unusually
large, and could be misleading. Substantive conclusions should
not be drawn from this category of information since it includes
not only administrative and clerical personnel but professional
categories such as lawyers, urban and transportation planners,
computer specialists, and physicians. Future occupational
classifications will be more specific and definitive.
37
-------
APPENDIX A TITLES AND DEFINITIONS FOR AIR POLLUTION
- ' CONTROL PERSONNEL (OCCUPATIONAL CATEGORIES)
Codes . AIR POLLUTION. CONTROL DIRECTOR
01 Plans, organizes, and directs the professional, administrative,
and technical activities of an air pollution control program;
.coordinates the program with local, state, regional, federal,
and private agencies and organizations concerned with air
pollution and related.environmental activities; and evaluates
program and personnel effectiveness and initiates improvements.
02 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL SUPERVISOR
Under the direction of the Air Pollution Control Director, with
broad technical latitude, is responsible for planning a major
segment of. an air pollution control program; coordinating it
with other segments of the program; supervising a professional,
administrative, and technical staff; and acting for the Director
as designated. .
03 I ' AIR POLLUTION CONTROL ENGINEER I
Under close supervision, makes beginning professional engineering
analyses and-evaluations of air pollution sources, problems, and
permit plans; makes basic emission inventory calculations and
... assists in the development of emission reduction strategies; may
assist in provision of professional and technical advice; may
participate in special studies; may lead and assist in training
program personnel; learns to perform more difficult engineering
. '. duties. ....
04' AIR POLLUTION CONTROL ENGINEER II
Under general supervision, with technical latitude, performs
professional engineering work in an office or in the field; makes
analyses and evaluations of air pollution sources, problems, and
permit plans; calculates emission inventories and develops emission
.control and reduction strategies and emergency episode plans;
provides professional and technical advice; plans and conducts
special .studies; assists in planning the air pollution control
program; leads and trains program personnel.
38
-------
05 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL CHEMIST I
Under close supervision, performs standardized chemical analyses of
atmospheric contaminants; assists in the development of analytical
procedures and measurement techniques; learns to perform more
difficult analyses and to provide professional and technical advice
on the chemistry of air pollution; may participate in special studies;
my lead and assist in training program personnel.
06 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL CHEMIST II
Under general supervision, with technical latitude, performs pro-
fessional chemical analyses of atmospheric contaminants; develops
. analytical procedures and measurement techniques for laboratory and
field activities; provides professional and technical advice; plans
and conducts special studies; assists in planning the air pollution
control program; leads and trains program personnel.
07 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL METEOROLOGIST I
Under close supervision, performs beginning professional meteorological
analyses and evaluations of meteorological and air pollution data;
assists in the relation of meteorological elements to air pollution
problems and preparation of periodic air quality forecasts; may
participate in special studies; may lead and assist in the training
of program personnel; learns to perform more difficult meteorological
duties.
08 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL METEOROLOGIST II
Under general supervision, with technical latitude, makes professional
meteorological analyses and evaluations of meteorological and air
pollution data; relates meteorological elements to air pollution
problems in control models; prepares periodic air quality forecasts;
recommends implementation and termination of emergency episode plans;
provides professional and technical advice; plans and conducts special
studies; assists in planning the air pollution control program; leads
and trains program personnel.
09 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL SPECIALIST I
Under close supervision, makes beginning professional level analyses
and evaluations of air pollution sources, problems and permit plans;
assists in complex inspections and investigations; assists in the
development of recommendations and in the conduct of negotiations
for improvement or modification of air pollutants conditions,
initiation of enforcement action and provision of professional and
technical advice; may participate in special studies; may lead and
assist in the training of program personnel, learns to perform
more difficult professional level duties.
39
-------
10 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL SPECIALIST II
Under general.supervision, with technical, .latitude, functions as a
professional-level program representative; conducts complex inspec-
tions and investigations of reported violations; analyzes and evaluates
''' air pollution sources, problems, and permft plans; develops recommen-
dations and negotiates improvements or'corrective actions; initiates
- enforcement Actions;-provides professional and technical,advice;
plans and conducts special studies; assists in planning the air
pollution control program; leads and trains program personnel.
11 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNICIAN I (TRAINEE)
Under close supervision, following detailed directions, performs
routine technical tasks in laboratory, field, and shop; assists
higher-level staff installing, operating, calibrating and repairing
a variety of equipment'and instruments used in the air pollution
control program; and participates in training.
}?. . . AIR POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNICIAN 'II ' :
Under supervision, following general directions, installs, calibrates,
operates, modifies, maintains, and' repairs a variety of equipment'
and instruments used in the air pollution control program; may
. assist professional staff conducting special studies; and may lead
and assist in the training of lower-level staff.
13 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNICIAN III
Under general supervision, with technical latitude performs a broad
range of technical duties of varying complexity in the laboratory,
shop, and field; assists professional staff conducting special
studies; and leads and trains lower-level staff.
14 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL INSPECTOR I (TRAINEE)
Under close supervision, following detailed directions, performs
routine field surveillance, facility and equipment inspection, and
complaint investigation and learns to perform more responsible tasks
by observing and assisting higher-level staff and participating in
training.
15 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL INSPECTOR II
Under supervision, following general technical directions, performs
field surveillance, facility and equipment inspection, and complaint
investigation; may assist professional staff conducting special studies;
and may lead and assist in the training of lower-level staff.
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16 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL INSPECTOR III
Under general supervision, with technical latitude, performs field
surveillance, facility and equipment inspection, and complaint
investigation; assists professional staff in conducting special
studies; and leads and trains lower-level staff.
17 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AIDE I
Under close supervision, following detailed directions, serves as
a helper to a higher-level employee and learns to perform routine
tasks.
18 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AIDE II
Under close supervision, serves as a helper to higher-level employees
and learns to perform more difficult tasks requiring some technical
knowledge and skill.
19 ADMINISTRATIVE, CLERICAL AND ALL OTHER
Includes any category not included in above occupational categories.
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APPENDIX B FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTIONS
1. MANAGEMENT SERVICES
A. Policy, public relations, intergovernmental relations, and
development of control strategies and plans: These functions include
the Variety of special activities required of an agency director and
his immediate staff in order to conduct a meaningful and dynamic
control program. As an agency increases in size, specialists such as
systems analysts, public relations experts, and technical writers may
be involved. For small agencies, these skills may be part of the
duties of major supervisors.
B. Administrative and clerical support: This function includes
budgeting, record keeping, filing, typing, and related work, as
normally required to operate an agency. All clerical staff of the
agency are included in this category for ease of tabulation.
C. Staff training: This function includes the activities of
training officers and supervisors in providing on-the-job or formal
group training. .
'21' 'TECHNICAL SERVICES
A. Laboratory operations: This function includes all labora-
tory support activities necessary for sources sampling, ambient air
monitoring, and special studies.
B. Operation of monitoring network: This function relates to
the routine servicing and operation of all sampling and meteorological
instruments deployed in the field for continuous surveillance of air
quality and diffusion characteristics. The data generated are used
as input to diffusion models for prediction of future air quality
and the development of control regulations; to determine the effec-
tiveness of agency operation in reducing and/or preventing air pollu-
tion to forecast episode conditions, and for public information and
education purposes.
C. Data processing: This function includes data reduction,
processing, and statistical treatment for air sampling, meteorology,
permit processing, emission calculations, and development of inspec-
tion schedules.
D. Special studies: This function includes a variety of special
studies conducted for purposes of locating sampling stations, determining
contribution of specific sources to ambient air pollution levels, and
determining need for new regulations.
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E. Instrument calibration and maintenance: This function
includes those duties to ensure the proper operation of sampling,
analytical, and meteorological instruments operated by the agency.
3. ENFORCEMENT SERVICES
A. Scheduled inspections for permit renewal.: This function
relates to the activities required of an air pollution inspector to
determine whether all sources of pollution, operating under a permit
are in compliance with the terms of that permit. The function includes
travel time, inspection, and report preparation..'
B. Complaint-handling and field patrol: This function includes
the operation of a continuous field patrol to enforce regulations on
open burning, visible emissions, odors, etc.
4. ENGINEERING SERVICES
A. Calculation of emission estimates: This function relates
to the work done in estimating emission rates from various sources
and source categories to provide information on program effectiveness,
potential future problems within an agency's area of jurisdiction,
location of sampling stations, and need for new regulations.
B. Permit system: This function covers all the work involved
in reviewing plans for potential new sources of air pollution; con-
sultation with builder, owner and/or other interested parties to
effect changes, where necessary, making inspections to ensure that
what is done conforms to the plans; and appearing before hearing
boards to substantiate findings. It is assumed that permits are
issued to prevent pollution in a comprehensive manner and that the
system includes an authority to construct and a permit to operate.
C. Development of control regulations, preparation of techni-
cal reports on control and review of industrial control plan for
episodes: These areas are generally project-oriented or considered
part-time responsibilities of the engineering staff.
5. OTHER:
Includes those activities not found above such as educational
leave, etc.
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APPENDIX C DEFINITIONS
The following terms are defined for use in this study.:.
1. AGENCY - refers to the state, local or multi jurisd'ictional air
pollution control agencies. To qualify for inclusion in the
report, all agencies must have had a specific budget and manpower
complement working full-time and/or part-time in air pollution
control activities. .
a. STATE AGENCY - a single state agency designated by the
governor of that iState as the official state air pollution
control agency. Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico and the Virgin
Islands were included as state agencies.
b. LOCAL AGENCY - those, agencies responsible for control activities
within a specific political jurisdiction, i.e., county, munic-
ipality, etc., within their own state.
c. MULTIJURISDICTIONAL AGENCY - those agencies responsible for
control activities within two or more political jurisdictions
within the same state or within two or. more states.
2. BUDGETED POSITIONS - all positions reported by the agencies,
. including FULL-TIME, PART-TIME AND_ VACANT which are included in
an agency budget. . .
a. FULL-TIME POSITION - a position filled by an individual who
.devotes all of his work efforts toward air pollution control
activities. ......
b. PART-TIME POSITION - a position filled by an individual who
devotes less than 100% of his work effort to air pollution
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control activities. This category also includes full-time
employees of "environmental" agencies who devote a fraction
of their work effort to air pollution control activities and
the remainder to other activities, i.e., water pollution,
solid waste, radiation control, etc.
c. FILLED POSITIONS - includes both full-time and part-time
positions, as in a and b above.
d. VACANT POSITION - a position authorized by the appropriate
approving authority and for which funds have been allocated
but is not filled on a full-time or part-time basis.
3. CLEAN AIR ACT - Clean Air Act. (42 U.S.C. 1857 et seq.) includes
the Clean Air Act of 1963 (P.L. 88-206), and amendments made by
the "Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control Act"P.L. 89-272 (Octo-
ber 20, 1965), the "Clean Air Act Amendments of 1966--P.L. 89-675
(October 15, 1966), the KAir Quality Act of 1967"P.L. 90-148
(November 21, 1967), and the "Clean Air Amendments of 1970"P.L.
91-604--(December 31, 1970).
4. MANPOWER REPORT - Manpower and Training Needs for Air Pollution
Control, Report of the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare
to the Congress of the United States in Compliance with Public
Law 90-148, The Air Quality Act of 1967.
5. OBSTACLES - reasons reported by agencies regarding difficulties
experienced or anticipated in filling vacant budgeted positions
in agencies.
6. PREDICTIVE MANPOWER MODEL - the model contained in Anpendix A
of the Manpower Report.
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7. QUESTIONNAIRE - the document entitled "Manpower and Training
Survey of State and Local Air Pollution Control Agencies" (OMD-
85-R0148) used to collect data in this survey from air pollution
control agencies. A copy of this document will be included in
the final report scheduled for November 1971.
ci. REGION - refers to the ten Environmental Protection Agency Regions
defined as follows:
Region States Included
I Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire,
Rhode Island, Vermont
II New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
III Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsyl-
vania, Virginia, West Virginia
IV Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Kentucky,
North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee
V Illinois, Indiana, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio,
Wisconsin
VI Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas
VII Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska
VIII Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota,
Utah, Wyoming
IX Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, Guam,
American Samoa
X Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Alaska
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