FOR MORE INFORMATION
For more information contact your state or local air
pollution control agency, State Small Business
Assistance Program, or State Small Business
Ombudsman (states and local agencies may have
different or additional requirements). You may also
contact the EPA Regional Office (below) where your
state or territory resides.
Region
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
States
CT, ME, MA, NH, Rl, VT
NJ, NY, Puerto Rico,
Virgin Islands
DE.MD, PA.VA.WV,
District of Columbia
AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC,
SC, TN
IL, IN, MI.WI.MN, OH
AR, LA, NM.OK.TX
IA, KS.MO, NE
CO, MT, ND, SD, UT.WY
AZ, CA, HI, NV,
American Samoa, Guam
AK, ID, WA, OR
Telephone
(617)565-4180
(212)637-4249
(215)597-3237
(404) 347-2864
(31 2) 353-8651 (IL& IN)
(31 2) 886-5031 (Ml &WI)
(312)886-7017(MN&OH)
(214)655-7547
(913)551-7960
(303)293-1886
(415)744-1143
(206)553-1949
This pamphlet is intended for general reference
only; it is not a full and complete statement of the
technical or legal requirements associated with the
regulation. A copy of the rule can be obtained from
the Federal Register or the EPA's Technology
Transfer Network (TTN). The TTN can be accessed
via modem by dialing (919) 541-5742. Call (919)
541-5384 for TTN assistance.
The EPA will publish the "Guidance Document for
the Halogenated Solvent Cleaner National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP)"
(EPA-453/R-94-081), which will explain the rule
and will contain example compliance forms and
other compliance aids. This document can be
obtained from the sources noted above or from the
US EPA Library (MD-35), RTF, NC 27711, telephone
(919) 541-2777, or the EPA Control Technology
Center (CTC) at (919) 541-0800.
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA-453/F-94-083
March 1995
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (MD-13)
NEW REGULATION
CONTROLLING AIR
EMISSIONS FROM
SOLVENT CLEANING
MACHINES
(DEGREASERS)
INTRODUCTION
In December 1994, the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) issued national regulations to
control toxic air pollutant emissions
from solvent cleaning machines that
use anv °f the following halogenated
solvents: methylene chloride,
perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene,
1,1,1,-trichloroethane, carbon
tetrachloride, and chloroform.
Solvent cleaning machines are used to dry materials and
remove soils, such as grease, wax, and oil from metal
parts (such as nuts, bolts, and springs), circuit boards,
sheet metal, assemblies, and other materials. The
regulation appeared in the December 2, 1994, edition of
the Federal Register (beginning on page 61801). This
regulation is a pollution prevention regulation that
reduces solvent usage by requiring the use of good
housekeeping practices and efficient, well-controlled
cleaning machines.
Why the EPA regulated solvent cleaning
machines.
The 1990 Clean Air Act (CAA) directs the EPA to regulate
emissions into the air of 189 toxic chemicals, including
the halogenated solvents covered by this rule, from a
wide range of industrial sources. The halogenated
solvents listed above are known or suspected
carcinogens, and have high usage and emissions in
solvent cleaning. Therefore, the EPA has determined
that emissions from cleaning machines using these
solvents present a threat to human health or the
environment. The EPA is regulating the emissions of
these machines to meet the requirements of the CAA.
The EPA estimates that full compliance with this new
regulation will reduce air emissions of these toxic
solvents by 85,300 tons annually.
Who is covered by this regulation?
All owners and operators of any size solvent cleaning
machine at any size facility that uses one of the six
solvents listed above is affected by this regulation.
fZ^\ Owners and operators of batch cold
or A i
vj^ cleaning machines have special provisions
under this regulation (see inside).
jj^*v How you are affected depends on the type
vJJ of solvent cleaning machine you use and
the compliance option that you choose
(see inside).
FEATURES OF THE RULE
Flexibility - Choose one of
several compliance options.
Pollution Prevention- All
compliance options are based
on pollution prevention.
All controls are based on
pollution prevention except
carbon adsorbers.
Cost Savings - Savings from
reduced solvent use help offset
control costs.
COMPLIANCE SCHEDULE
Existing
Solvent
Cleaning
Machines
startup on
or before
11/29/93)*
New
Solvent
Cleaning
Machines
(startup
after
11/29/93)*
ASAP before
start-up.
Startup or
12/02/94,
whichever
is later.
150 days
after
compliance
date.
Printed on recycled paper
* 11129/93 = date of proposed standards
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THE ERA'S SOLVENT CLEANING AIR TOXICS REGULATION: COMPLIANCE OPTIONS AND REQUIREMENTS
For Batch Vapor and
In-Line Cleaning Machines
For each machine, choose either the overall emission limit or the
equipment standard (see flow chart).
(§1 If you choose the overall emission limit:
meet the appropriate limit
there are no equipment, work practice, or operator test requirements
f§ If you choose the equipment standard:
comply by selecting a listed control combination or the idling limit
in addition, comply with basic design, work practice, and operator
test requirements
OVERALL EMISSION LIMIT
If you can demonstrate compliance with these limits, there are no additional monitoring or
work practice requirements [Initial notification and compliance reports are still required.]:
Average Monthly Emission Limit
Machine Type kg/m2* month [lb/ft2 * month]"
Batch Vapor 150 [30.7]
Existing In-Line 15 3 [31.4]
New In-Line 99 [20]
aThe amount of solvent in kilograms [pounds] emitted per square meter [foot] of
solvent surface area per month.
EQUIPMENT STANDARD WITH WORK PRACTICES
CONTROL COMBINATIONS
BATCH VAPOR MACHINES
For each cleaning machine, install a control
combination applicable to that cleaning
machine type.
IN-LINE MACHINES
Cleaning
Machine
Type
In-Line -
Existing
In-Line -
New
E
O
S.
O
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
E
ro
Is
oĢS
^11.0:
III
Freeboard
Refrigera-
tion Device
Carbon
Adsorber
0)
Cleaning
Machine
Type
Batch Vapor
Cleaning
Machine
<1.21 m2
[<13ft2]
Batch Vapor
Cleaning
Machine
>1.21 m2
8
9
10
1
3
4
6
7
II
si
3 0)
WI
lag
III
ro T3
0<
IDLING LIMIT
FT
Demonstrate that the cleaning machine
can meet and maintain the following
idling mode emission limits (a test
method for determining idling emissions
is included in the rule):
Batch Vapor Cleaning Machines'1 -
0.22 kg/m2*hr
[0.0451b/ft2*hr]
In-Line Cleaning Machines'1 -
0.10 kg/m2 *hr
[0.021 Ib/ft2*hr]
The amount of solvent in kilograms
[pounds] emitted per square meter [foot]
of solvent surface area per month.
| DESIGN AND WORK PRACTICE REQUIREMENTS |
Design Requirements:
1. Cover or reduce room draft.
2. 0.75 freeboard ratio or greater.
3. Hoist: maximum speed of 3.4 [11 feet] meters
per minute.
4. Liquid and vapor level indicators that shut off
sump heat.
5. Primary condenser (required on vapor cleaning machines).
6. Carbon adsorber, if using a lip exhaust.
Work Practices:
1. Minimize air disturbances in the cleaning machine
and in the room.
2. Minimize solvent loss due to spraying operations.
3. Reduce the pooling of solvent on and in parts.
4. Remove parts only after solvent dripping stops.
5. During startup, turn primary condenser on before
sump heater.
6. During shutdown, turn sump heater off before the primary
condenser.
7. Maintain equipment as recommended by the manufacturer.
8. Store solvent waste in closed containers.
9. Do not clean absorbent materials.
10. Take and pass an operator test, if requested.
11. Transfer solvent using leakproof couplings.
For Batch Cold
Cleaning Machines
For each machine, comply with one of the
following equipment requirements and the work
practices (machines with water layer are exempt
from work practices). There is no operator test
requirement.
CONTROLS
Immersion cold cleaning machines
Cover and a 2.5 cm [1 in. ] water layer
or
Cover and a 0.75 freeboard ratio
or greater
Remote Reservoir cold cleaning machines
Cover
WORK PRACTICES
1. Store solvent waste in closed containers.
2. Flush parts in freeboard area.
3. Reduce the pooling of solvent on and in
parts.
4. Do not fill cleaning machine above fill line.
5. Clean up spills immediately.
6. Store wipe rags in closed containers.
7. Do not agitate solvent to the point of
causing splashing.
8. When cover is open, control room drafts.
9. Do not clean absorbent materials.
OPERATOR TEST
WHAT IS IT? A short test on operating procedure
requirements that must be completed and passed.
WHO MUST TAKE IT? Any operator of a batch
vapor or in-line solvent cleaning machine that is asked
to take the test by the EPA or the EPA's designee during
an inspection. Operators of batch cold cleaning
machines are not required to take the test.
WHERE IS IT? The complete test and answers are
included in Appendix A of the final rule.
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