PRELIMINARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF CONTROLLING LEAD
           EMISSIONS FROM STATIONARY SOURCES
                      DRAFT REPORT
                      July 6,  1976
        EPA Contract No. 68-02-1399, Task No. 5
               MRI Project No. 3925-C(5)
                          For

            Environmental Protection Agency
                 Research Triangle Park
                 North Carolina  27711

                          Gary McCutchen

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                                  PREFACE





          This study was conducted under Task No. 5 of EPA Contract No.



68-02-1399, which is Midwest Research Institute's Project No. 3925-C(5).



          This report covers all the principal activities that were under-



taken. These are summarized in Figure 1 (p» 4) which gives an overall view,



in block diagram form, of the approach used in performing the task work.



          A survey was performed to acquire pertinent information on fugi-



tive lead emissions. The results of this survey showed that there was



no information available with which to perform dispersion modeling and



provide significant results. As a consequence, pertinent data had to be



assumed in order to carry out dispersion calculations of assumed represen-



tative plants of 16 different stationary-source operations.



          A major effort as well as a significant accomplishment was the



development of specific dispersion modeling techniques that were used in



calculating lead concentrations for the 16 stationary-source operations:



primary lead smelter, secondary lead smelter, mining and milling of lead



ore, primary copper smelter, grey iron foundry, ferroalloy plant, gasoline



additive (TEL) plant, lead oxide plant, lead pigment manufacture, lead



acid battery plant, can manufacture, cable covering plant, type metal



operation, combustion of fossil fuel, waste oil combustion, and waste



crankcase oil combustion.



          The results of the dispersion calculations are given in Section



IV. These expected ambient air concentrations of lead in the vicinity of



assumed typical plants (in most cases) are given in graphic and tabular



form.
                                     ii

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          The results of the review of available state implementation

plans show that there were no regulations on the control of fugitive lead

emissions. Also, there was very little information in these plans on lead

emissions from any type source. Also, federal ambient air quality standards

are not adequate on this subject.

          Because of the lack of regulatory bases and the subjective nature

of the results of the dispersion calculations, it is recommended that the

Environmental Protection Agency should initiate a major program to control

new and existing sources under Section 111 of "The Glean Air Act."

          The work on this program was led by Mr. Paul C. Constant, Jr.

Messrs. Emile Baladi and William Maxwell participated in acquisition of

information. Dr. Chatten Cowherd undertook the modeling and dispersion

calculations. He was assisted by Mrs. Christine Maxwell, Dr. Robert Hegarty,

and Mr. Dan Nelson.



Approved for:

MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE
L. J. Shannon, Assistant Director
Physical Sciences Division
July 6, 1976
                                  iii

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                             TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                       PaR.e

List of Figures	•    vi

List of Tables	viii

I.    Introduction. . 	 ... 	 ........     1

        A.  Background. 	     1
        B.  Putpose of Task	     2
        C.  Overall Task Approach 	 ....... 	     3

II.   Acquisition of Information	•     5

        A*  Type of Information .............. 	     5

              1.  Lead Processes of Concern ...... 	 .     6
              2.  Sources of Emissions. 	 ........     6
              3.  Emission Source Data	     6
              4.  Physical Aspects of a Plant	     7
              5.  Climatology	 	     7
              6.  Topography.	 	     7

        B.  Sources	     7
        C.  Results	     8

              1.  EPA	     8
              2.  EPA Contractors ...... 	     9
              3.  State Agencies. • •	     9
              4.  Technical Groups and Associations	    10
              5.  Universities	    10
              6.  Industry	    10
              7.  Open Literature	    11

III.  Data Processing Techniques	•	    11

        A.  Source Characterization and Dispersion Phenomena	    11

              1.  "Tall" Stacks 	 .....    11
              2.  "Short" Stacks	    11
              3.  Roof and Side Openings	    11
              4.  Ground-Level Area Sources	    12

        B.  Modeling Approaches	•	    13

              1.  Annual Average Concentrations ..... 	 .    13
              2.  24-Hr Maximum Concentrations	    13
              3.  30-Day and 90-Day Maximum Concentrations	    15
                                      iv

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                       TABLE OF CONTENTS (Concluded)
IV*   Results of Dispersion Calculations	   18

V.    Conclusions	•	   70

VI*   Recommendations	   72

VII.  References	   73

Appendix A - Summary Listing of Contacts •••	   74

Appendix B - Summary of Fugitive Lead Results of Studies Previously
               Conducted	•	   78

Appendix C - Information From State Agencies 	 .....   81

Appendix D - Bibliography	   91

Appendix E - Source Emission Data:  Acquired and Assumed •	   99

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                              LIST OF FIGURES

No.         '                      Title                               Page

 1       Overall Task Approach	      4

 2       GDM Output - Primary Lead Smelter (Bunker Hill Company;
           Kellogg, Idaho)	     37

 3       CDM Output - Primary Lead Smelter (ASARCO; Glover,
           Missouri)	     38

 4       GDM Output - Secondary Lead Smelter	     39

 5       CDM Output - Mining and Milling of Lead Ore	     40

 6       CDM Output - Primary Copper Smelter	     41

 7       CDM Output - Grey Iron Foundry	     42

 8       CDM Output - Ferroalloy Plant	     43

 9       CDM Output - Gasoline Additive (TEL) Plant.  ...  	     44

10       CDM Output - Lead Oxide Plant	     45

11       CDM Output - Lead Pigment Manufacture	     46

12       CDM Output - Lead Acid Battery Plant.	     47

13       CDM Output - Can Manufacture.	     48

14       CDM Output - Type Metal Operation	     49

15       CDM Output - Waste Oil Combustion	     50

16       CDM Output - Waste Crankcase Oil Combustion	     51

17       PTMTP Output - Primary Lead Smelter (Bunker  Hill Company;
           Kellogg, Idaho) 	     52

18       PTMTP Output - Primary Lead Smelter (ASARCO; Glover,
           Missouri)		     53

19       PTMTP Output - Secondary Lead Smelter	     54

20       PTMTP Output - Mining and Milling of Lead Ore	     55


                                    vi

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                        LIST OF FIGURES  (Concluded)




No.                               Title                                 Page




21       PTMTP Output - Primary Copper Smelter	    56




22       PTMTP Output - Grey Iron Foundry.  • .	    57




23       PTMTP Output - Ferroalloy Plant  	    58




24       PTMTP Output - Gasoline Additive (TEL) Plant	    59




25       PTMTP Output - Lead Oxide Plant	    60




26       PTMTP Output - Lead Pigment Manufacture	    61




27       PTMTP Output - Lead Acid Battery Plant	    62




28       PTMTP Output - Can Manufacture.	    63




29       PTMTP Output - Cable Covering Plant .............    64




30       PTMTP Output - Type Metal Operation	    65




31       PTMTP Output - Combustion of Fossil Fuel	••    66




32       PTMTP Output - Waste Oil Combustion	    67




33       PTMTP Output - Waste Crankcase  Oil Combustion  	    68
                                     vii

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                        LIST OF TABLES (Concluded)




No.                               Title                                Page




22       Contributions to Maximum 24-Hr Ground-Level Concentrations. .   69




23       Concentrations for Selected Averaging Times 	 .*..   71




B-l      Fugitive Emission of Lead From Bunker Hill Primary Smelter. .   80
                                   IX

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                           I.  INTRODUCTION

A.  Background
          The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been concerned
with the magnitude and the effect of emissions from stationary lead sources.
An investigation was undertaken by EPA on this subject. This investigation
was completed in September 1974, and it resulted in the recommendation
that the control of lead emissions from stationary sources rely upon exist-
ing State Implementation Plans (SIPs) for the control of particulate matter,
with the possible selected use of performance standards for new and exist-
ing sources under Section 111 of "The Clean Air Act." This recommendation
(Alternative II below) is one of three basic alternatives available for
the control of lead emissions from stationary sources:
          I - Implement control through national, ambient air quality
standards, supplemented by standards of performance for new sources under
Section 111 of the Act.
          II - Rely upon existing SIPs for the control of particulate
matter, with the possible selected use of performance standards for new
and existing sources under Section 111 of the Act.
          Ill - Initiate a major program to control new and existing sources
under Section 111 of the Act.
          The investigation undertaken by EPA did not sufficiently explore
the importance of specific lead standards from an enforcement point of
view and the magnitude and effect of fugitive lead emissions. As a conse-
quence, EPA recognized that further work should be done in the attempt
to obtain sufficient information upon which to base policy decisions.
                                     1

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          In June 1975, EPA gave Midwest Research Institute (MRI) a task




under Contract No. 68-02-1399 to undertake an investigation for pertinent




information that may be available.







B.  Purpose of Task




          MRI was to make a preliminary determination as to the relative




adverse and beneficial environmental impacts that could result from the




three alternative regulatory approaches to the control of lead emissions




from stationary sources. The principal objectives that define the scope




of MRI's task are as follows:




          1.  Estimate total fugitive particulate and lead emissions from




the stationary source operations listed in Table 1.




          2.  Determine, by means of dispersion modeling and the results




that are available from the trace-element analyses of particulate samples,




expected ambient air concentrations of lead in the vicinity of typical




plants for emissions under SIP control and under performance standard




control.




          3.  Delineate those source categories for which performance




standards and/or SIP regulations can be expected to  reduce or maintain




ambient lead levels at or below 1, 2,  and 4 ug/nr averaged over 90 days.




          4.  Assess the effectiveness or total effectiveness of existing




SIP regulations for total fugitive particulates in reducing lead emissions.




          5.  Estimate the potential for standards developed under Section




111 of the Act to further reduce lead emissions and the extent of such




reduction.

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          6.  Analyze the alternatives to show adverse or beneficial en-

vironmental impact.


                                TABLE 1

               STATIONARY SOURCE OPERATIONS OF INTEREST
                   Primary Lead Smelter
                   Secondary Lead Smelter
                   Mining and Milling of Lead Ore
                   Primary Copper Smelter
                   Grey Iron Foundry
                   Ferroalloy Plant
                   Gasoline Additive (TEL) Plant
                   Lead Oxide Plant
                   Lead Pigment Manufacture
                   Lead Acid Battery Plant
                   Can Manufacture
                   Cable Covering Plant
                   Type Metal Operation
                   Combustion of Fossil Fuel
                   Waste Oil Combustion
                   Waste Crankcase Oil Combustion
C.  Overall Task Approach

          The overall approach that was taken in the performance of MRI's

task is shown in block diagram form in Figure 1. This approach comprised

four major phases of activity:  (a) data acquisition (Blocks 1 to 10);

(b) data processing techniques (Blocks 11 to 16); (c) analysis of results

(Blocks 17 to 21); and (d) reporting (Blocks 22 to 26).

          The acquisition of pertinent information is discussed in Section

II. The sources of information are identified; the means by which these

sources were investigated are given; the results of this phase of the

task are summarized.

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Ooto Set


• '5
r
itimoH of th«
OltmiQl for
rgnderdi Under
tction III of Act
o Further R»duc«
•ad Emiuiom. &
Kf«nt of Deduction

Source Col*goriM
•of ^KicP
-|

16
Eitimet** gf
Total Porttculafm
& Uad Emiuieni ,
fugirl** & tout*

AnficipatM Air
Conetfrtrotion of
Uod in Vicinity
of Typical Planti
fo* Eminiont
Under SIF Conrrol
or Ptrfbrfranct
Standard Control :
for tot* Fuoiilv*
& rVoctn Eminiofn
                  Ptrformonci
                  ifondordi and/or
                  SIP **aulot!om
                  Can deduce or
                  Maintain l«v»li
                  at or a«lo* 1.2
                  4 4  ttfl/m3
                  Avvrogcd O*«t
                  90 Doyi
                 AiM»m»nt of
                 E'feetivvntu of
                 lilting SIP
                 Regulation* for
                 To>al Part!culofM
                 '>n Reducing
                 Ltod Eminiom
Figure   1  -   Overall  Task  Approach
                            4

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          Source characterization and dispersion phenomena as well as
the modeling approaches that were used are discussed in Section III.  The
results that were obtained from applying the models to the data collected
and assumptions that were made are given in Section IV. Sections V and VI
present conclusions and recommendations, respectively.

                    ii.  AComsmoN OF INFORMATION

          The initial steps taken in the acquisition of information were
to:  (a) determine the type of information that would be required; (b)
determine the probable sources of this information; and (c) seek the  in-
formation from these sources in an effective manner. Each of these steps
is discussed in Sections II-A through II-C, respectively. Section II-D
summarizes the results from the data acquisition phase (Blocks 1 to 10
of Figure 1) of the program.

A.  Type of Information
          The information sought was that which is needed to meet the
six major objectives of the program (see Section I-B). The information
needed can be categorized into the following six major areas.
          1.  Lead processes of concern,
          2.  Sources of emissions,
          3.  Emission source data,
          4.  Physical aspects of a plant,
          5.  Climatology, and
          6.  Topography.
Each of these areas are discussed below.
                                      5

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          1*  Lead processes of concern;  The processes for which pertinent
information was sought are the 16 processes identified in Table 1 (see
page 3).
          2.  Sources of emissions;  The specific type of emissions of
concern was fugitive, lead* The primary sources of interest were stationary
sources of the processes* For example, in a lead acid battery plant, the
casting furnace is a fugitive source, whereas burning and paste mixer are
ducted sources. In a primary lead smelter, fugitive emission sources
could include ore stock piles, conveyor areas, and material transfer points
such as from a blast furnace to dross kettles.
          Mobile sources were not a part of this study. Emissions from
automobiles, trucks, etc., definitely were not to be included. However,
fugitive emissions from process-related, nonstationary sources were of
interest if they were considered to have significant emissions. An example
of a nonstationary source of potential interest is the transport of mate-
rial such as ore in rail cars or trucks from a mine to a primary lead
smelter.
          Since there were expected to be very few fugitive lead emis-
sion data, total particulate was sought from fugitive and ducted sources.
With this information, proportionality factors could be assumed to provide
fugitive lead emission information.
          3.  Emission source data;  The principal information needed
included height of the source, emission rate, geometry of emissions,
exit area, and exit velocity and temperature.
                                     6

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          4.  Physical aspects of a plant;  Plant geometric aspects in-




cluded number of stacks, location of ducted fugitive sources, building




dimensions, plant layout, and location and area of stockpiles.




          5.  Climatology;  The principal climatological data sought were




joint frequency function (stability wind rose), morning and afternoon




mixing heights, and mean atmospheric temperature.




          6.  Topography;  The topographical aspect of the immediate plant




area and that contiguous to it is important in dispersion modeling. Other




interests about the area are the type of ground cover that exists, as




well as the physical location of the plant with respect to principal ground




cover and topological aspects.







B.  Sources




          Sources from which information was sought covered EPA, state




agencies, industry, technical groups or associations, and open litera-




ture. The general approach to EPA and state agencies was to send a letter




explaining our mission and the type of information that was being sought.




This was followed in many cases by subsequent telephone conversations.




The general approach to industry and technical groups or associations




was to call and explain our purpose. In some cases, these calls were fol-




lowed by correspondence, especially in cases where a plant visit might




be arranged.




          The principal sources within EPA were the task project officer,




regional offices, and the Air Pollution Technical Information Center (APTIC).




The principal state sources were state air pollution agencies. All states




                                    7

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were contacted by  letter  for a copy of their implementation plans for the




control of particulate matter and for information on current and past




fugitive and process sampling from lead sources, as well as sources of




fugitive lead emissions*  In the case of California, it was necessary to




contact the different districts in seeking this information.




          There were a total of 37 different industrial, technical groups




and associations and universities contacted* In four cases, visits to




plants were made:  Ethyl  Corporation, Pasadena, Texas - gasoline additive




(TEL) plant; Amax  Lead and Zinc, Inc., Boss, Missouri - primary lead




smelter; General Battery  Corporation, Reading, Pennsylvania - battery




plant and secondary lead  smelter; and Delco Company, Olathe, Kansas -




battery plant* A summary  listing of contacts made is given in Appendix A.







C.  Results




          In summary, the extensive survey undertaken revealed that there




was not available  the technical information that is needed to meet the




objectives of the  program. The specific primary information or lack of




information is indicated  in the following subsections. Specific technical




data used in dispersion modeling are given in Section IV.




          1.  EPA;  There were two major findings:




               a.  Letters were sent to all the regional offices,  which




resulted in one source of fugitive lead emission data. This was the Bunker




Hill Company study that was done under EPA Contract No. 68-02-1343. This




information was obtained  from Region X. Appendix B contains a summary of




measured and calculated results of these studies.




                                    8

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               b.  A search was requested of APTIG. Searches were made




but no information was found. The key words for the search were fugitive,




lead, emissions, and processes. APTIC reported to MRI that fugitive and




lead were not terms for the computer. An auxiliary method was tried by




APTIC, which also resulted in no information.




          2.  EPA contractors; - There were three principal organizations.




The PEDCo Company has a contract with EPA on emissions from the industrial




processes of type printer, gasoline additives, and lead emissions. Contact




made with PEDCo provided no information on fugitive lead emissions from




these three sources. However, PEDCo did provide MRI with a copy of a re-




port on the Bunker Hill study.




          The Research Corporation of New England is a company working




under contract with EPA on the development of procedures for the measure-




ment of fugitive emissions. No information on fugitive lead emissions




was obtained.




          MRI has a program under Contract No. 68-02-2120 to look into




fugitive emissions from metallurgical processes. No fugitive lead emis-




sion information other than the Bunker Hill study was found.




          3.  State agencies;  A letter was sent to each state in search




of current and past fugitive lead emission tests or studies, as well as




a copy of the state's implementation plan for the control of particulate




matter. Answers were obtained from 38 states. The information gained was




implementation plans from the majority of those that responded, and some




peripheral data. There was nothing specifically on fugitive lead emissions.

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          The results of a critical review of the information received




from the states are given in Appendix C.




          4.  Technical groups and associations;  No pertinent technical




information on fugitive lead emissions was obtained from the seven organi-




zations contacted. Leads for other contacts as well as information on the




names and locations of industrial processes were obtained.




          5.  Universities:  The University of Missouri at Rolla has been




investigating lead emission of the Southeast Missouri Lead Belt region




where three of the six U.S. operating lead smelters are located. This




work is being done for the National Science Foundation under the RANN




project. Dr. Bobby 6. Wixson and Dr. Ivan H. Lowsley, Jr., were contacted




for fugitive lead emission information. This work did not include direct




investigations of fugitive lead emissions. Another technical report on




this work is due to be published during the summer of 1976.




          6.  Industry:  Contacts with industry were principally by tele-




phone. In some cases there was correspondence. Some of the industrial




leads came from our contacts with EPA Regional Offices, state agencies,




and the EPA project offices. However, most of the contacts were from sources




obtained from technical groups and associations, the open literature, and




MRI. The key findings are as follows:




               a.  There was no information on fugitive lead emissions.




               b.  There was no knowledge of fugitive emission tests for




lead emissions.




               c.  The production of type metal has been declining steadily




for the past several years. During 1972, domestic consumption of lead for

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B.  Modeling Approaches




          1.  Annual average concentrations;  EPA's Climatological Dis-




persion Model (CDM)^' was used to determine ground-level distributions of




annual average lead concentrations. Except for the Bunker Hill lead smelter,




meteorological conditions for the Kansas City area were input into CDM




(see Table 2).




          Emissions from roof openings and short stacks were modeled as




area sources with emission heights as follows:




          *  Buoyant emissions (> 25°C above ambient temperature) at build-




             ing height; and




          *  Nonbuoyant emissions (^ 25 C above ambient temperature) at




             one-half the building height.




Since overlapping area sources cannot be used with CDM, a weighted average




emission height was used when more than one area source existed.




          The validity of this modeling technique was demonstrated in the




case of the Bunker Hill lead smelter, for which ambient data were avail-




 ui  4/
able.




          2.  24-Hr maximum concentrations;  To determine the worst case,




24-hr meteorological conditions giving rise to the highest ground-level




lead concentrations, a series of modeling experiments were performed with




EPA point-source models. The results indicated that highest concentrations




would occur under the following conditions:




          *  Tall stacks - unstable atmosphere, low winds; and




          *  Building-affected sources - stable atmosphere, high winds.





                                     13

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                                               TABLE 2
Mean Ambient Temperature ( C)

Avg. Morning Mixing Height (m)

Avg. Afternoon Mixing Height (m)

Joint Frequency Function
                                  METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS (ANNUAL)
                                                                2/
                                                     Bunker Hill""
               8.9

               400

             1,700

October 24 - December 31, 1974-
           Bunker Hill
                                                                                          Other
                 3/
Source Operations"
         13
        436
      1,299
   1967 - 1971
    Kansas City
              k/
a/  Assumed C stability and eight wind directions were converted to 16 directions.
b/  Day/night stability classes broken down on the basis of 1964 data.

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          Having made these determinations, worst case meteorological


conditions were constructed as follows.


          1.  Wind direction was distributed normally with spread of 70


degrees.


          2.  Stability classes were chosen for extreme cases documented


by weather records.


          3.  Wind speeds were selected from a realistic range for each


stability class.


          4.  Mixing heights were interpolated from average annual morning


and afternoon values for the Kansas City area.""


Table 3 gives the resulting distributions of meteorological data in 3-hr


time increments.


          EPA's PTMPT model"  was used to compute distributions of maximum


24-hr concentrations. Building-affected sources and ground level sources


were modeled as virtual point sources. Other details on modeled source


configurations are given in Table 4.


          3.  30-Day and 90-day maximum concentrations;  The technique


used in this task to estimate 30- and 90-day maximum concentrations from


the annual mean concentration and the 24-hr maximum concentration follows

                                 g /
the analysis developed by Larsen.—  The following assumptions are made


in this analysis:


               a.  Concentrations are lognormally distributed for all


averaging times.


               b.  The median concentration is proportional to averaging


time raised to an exponent.

                                    15

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                           TABLE 3
DISTRIBUTION  OF METEOROLOGICAL DATA IN 3-HR TIME INCREMENTS
  UNSTABLE LOW WINDS
STABLE HIGH WINDS
Wind Time
Direction Interval
(deg.)
305 •
287.5
279.5
273
267
260.5
252.5
235
6pm - 9pm
Noon - 3pm
3am - 6am
Mid — 3om
9am - Noon
3pm - 6pm
9pm - Mid
6am - 9om
Wind Stability
Speed Class
(m/sec)
2.5 4
2.5 2
2.5 5
2.5 5
1.5 1
4.0 3
2.5 5
4.0 3
Mixing
Height
(m)
400
1500
400
400
1500
1000
400
1000
Wind Time
Direction Interval
(deg.)
305
287.5
279.5
273
267
260.5
252.5
235
6am - °om
3am - 6am
9am - Noon
Mid - 3arn
6pm - 9pm
Noon - 3pm
9pm - Mid
3pm - 6pm
Wind Stability
Speed Clots
(m/sec)
5.0 4
5.0 5
5.0 4
5.0 6
5.0 5
5.0 4
5.0 6
5.0 4
Mixing
Height
(m)
1500
1000
1500
400
1000
1500
400
1500

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                                               TABLE 4

           MODELED SOURCE CONFIGURATIONS FOR DETERMINATION OF 24-HR MAXIMUM CONCENTRATIONS
            Actual
                                                                Modeled
       Stable/High Winds
      Unstable/Low Winds
Tall Stack
             a/
"Short" Stack-

  •  Buoyant (> 25°C above
     ambient temperature)
  •  Nonbuoyant (£ 25°C above
     ambient temperature)

Building (roof) Emissions"
Open Storage
Tall Stack
Virtual point source at an
  emission height of one-
  half the building height

Virtual point source at 1 m
  emission height

Virtual point source at 1 m
  emission height
Virtual point source at 1 m
  emission height
Tall Stack
Virtual point source at an
  emission height equal to the
  building height

Virtual point source at 1 m
  emission height
a7  "Short" stacks were classified for emission heights in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 times the building
      height.
b_/  All building (roof) emissions were determined to be nonbuoyant.

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               c*  The arithmetic mean concentration is the same for all




averaging times.




          The first assumption means that if the geometric mean Mg and




standard geometric deviation Sg are known for a particular averaging time*




the maximum concentration can be determined according to the following




equation:




                                        ,                          (i)
where    z = 1.04 for a 90-day maximum (four samples), and




         z = 1.64 for a 30-day maximum (12 samples).




          The problem is to find Mg and Sg for 30- and 90-day averaging




times when only the arithmetic mean and 24-hr maximum are known. Since,




from. assumption c, the arithmetic mean is the same for all averaging times,




the  24-hr maximum and the arithmetic mean can be used to find Mg and Sg




for  a 24-hr averaging time by using assumption a. Since the EPA report




shows how, from assumption b, one can calculate Mg and Sg for one averag-




ing  time from information about another averaging time, one can calculate




Mg and Sg for 30- and 90-day averaging times from the corresponding values




for  24-hr averaging time. Once these values are found, Eq. (1) with the




appropriate value of z, can be used to find the maximum 30- and 90-day




concentrations.






                IV.  RESULTS OF DISPERSION CALCULATIONS







          The source emission parameters for each modeled source opera-




tion (see Table 1) are given in Tables 5 through 21. This information




was  input into either CDM or PTMPT as described above.




                                    18

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                                                       TABLE 5
                                              SOURCE EMISSION PARAMETERS
    Process

Main Lead Stack
Building Ventila-
  tion - Buoyant
Building Ventila-
  tion - Nonbuoyant
Open Stroage
Source Operation: Primary Lead Smelter (Bunker Hill
Building Dimensions: Height = 20 m; Width =
Open Storage Area: 8,800 m2
Lead
Emission
Rate
(g/sec)
8.97
6.0

18.5

0.088



Discharge Configuration

Actual
Stack
Roof
Opening
Roof
Opening
Area

Annual
Point
Area

Area

Area
Modeled
24-hr Max.
Point
VP(75)

VP(75)

VP(240)

Emis.
Temp.
(°C)
61
39

21

21

Company, Kellogg, Idaho)
50 m

Emission

Actual
61
20

20

0


Height (m)
Modeled
Annual 24 -hr Max.
61
20

10

1
61
10

1

1

Exit
Vel.
(m/sec)
12
1

1

1

Source
Diam.
(m)
4.57
1.0

1.0

1.0

-------
                                                         TABLE 6
                                                SOURCE EMISSION PARAMETERS
                           Source Operation:  Primary Lead Smelter (ASARCO,  Glover,  Missouri)



                                Building Dimensions:  Height =   20  m; Width  =   50  m

                                Open  Storage Area:   8,800  m2
ro
o


Process
Blast Furnace
Sintering Opera-
tion
Building Ventila-
tion - Buoyant
Building Ventila-
tion - Nonbuoyant
Open Storage
Lead
Emission
Rate
(g/sec)
6.01
0.624

2.044

6.363

0.03
Discharge Configuration
Modeled
Actual
Stack
Stack

Roof
Opening
Roof
Opening
Area
Annual
Point
Point

Area

Area

Area
24-hr Max.
Point
Point

VP(75)

VP(75)

VP(75)
Emis.
Temp.
(°C)
142
140

53

14

14
Emission Height (m)
Modeled
Actual
109
186

20

20

0
Annual
109
186

20

10

1
24-hr Max.
109
186

10

1

1
Exit
Vel.
(m/sec)
6.3
19.3

1.0

1.0

1.0
Source
Diam.
(m)
2.38
3.19

1.0

1.0

1.0

-------
                       TABLE 7
             SOURCE EMISSION PARAMETERS

   Process

Blast Furnace
Reverberatory
  Furnace
Open Storage
Source Operation: Secondary Lead Smelter

Lead
Emission
Rate
(g/sec)
0.02
0.033
Building Dimensions: Height =
Open Storage Ar^a: 465 m^
Discharge Configuration
Modeled
Actual Annual 24-hr Max.
Stack Point Point
Stack Point Point
15 m; Width = 45 m
Etnis. Emission Height (m) Exit Source
Temp. Modeled Vel. Diam.
(°C) Actual Annual 24-hr Max. (m/sec) (m)
90 30.5 40.0 30.5 4.2 1.2
65 21.3 40.0 21.3 7.6 1.2
0.00465
Area
Area
VP(75)
14
1.0
                                                                               1.0

-------
         TABLE 8
SOURCE EMISSION PARAMETERS
Source Operation: Mining and Milling
Building Dimensions: Height =
Open Storage Area: 0 m^
Lead


Process
Secondary
£ Crusher (3)
Tertiary
Crusher (3)
Rod-Ball Mill (3)
Emission
Rate
(fc/sec)
0.2

0.2

0.02
Discharge Configuration

Actual
Stack

Stack

Stack

Annual
Area

Area

Area
Modeled
24-hr Max.
VP(90)

VP(90)

VP(90)
of Lead Ore
15 m; Width =
Emis.
Temp.
(°c)
14

14

14
50 m
Emission Height (m)
Modeled
Actual
12.2

13.7

13.7
Annual
7.5

7.5

7.5
24 -hr Max.
1

1

1
Exit
Vel.
(m/sec)
1.0

1.0

1.0
Source
Diam.
(m)
1.2

1.2

1.2

-------
                                                     TABLE 9

                                            SOURCE EMISSION PARAMETERS
                        Source Operation:  Primary Copper Smelter
                             Building Dimensions:  Height =  18   m; Width -   60  m
                             Open Storage Area:    9,300 m
   Process

Roaster
Furnace
Converter
Building Ventila-
  tion
Open Storage
Lead
Emission
Rate
(g /sec^
0.174
0.160
0.092
0.0002

0.093
Discharge Configuration

Actual
Stack
Stack
Stack
Roof
Opening
Area
Modeled
Annual
Point
Point
Point
Area

Area
24-hr Max.
Point
Point
Point
VP(90)

VP(250)
Emis.
Temp.
(°C)
81
130
120
38

14
Emission Height (m)
Modeled
Actual
170
155
170
18

0
Annual
170
155
170
18

1
24 -hr Max.
170
155
170
18

1
Exit
Vel.
^m/secl
5.7
7.6
5.3
2.59

1.0
Source
Diam.
(m)
7.3
7.3
7.3
1.5

1.0

-------
                                                     TABLE 10
                                             SOURCE EMISSION PARAMETERS
   Process

Furnace
Building Ventila-
  tion
Open Storage
Source Operation: Grey Iron Foundry
Building Dimensions: Height = 15 m; Width =45 m
Open Storage Area: 465 m2
Lead
Emission
Rate
(g/sec)
0.0018
0.0088
0.00465
Discharge

Configuration Emis. Emission Height (m)
Modeled Temp. Modeled
Actual Annual 24-hr Max. (°C) Actual Annual 24-hr Max.
Stack
Roof
Opening
Area
Area VP(70) 46 18.3 15 15
Area VP(70) 35 18.3 7.5 1
Area VP(75) 14 0 1 1
Exit
Vel.
(m/secj
17.7
10.0
1.0
Source
Diam.
(m)
0.72
0.76
1.0

-------
        TABLE 11
SOURCE EMISSION PARAMETERS
Source Operation:   Ferroalloy Plant

     Building Dimensions:  Height =   15   m; Width
     Open Storage  Area:     930   m2
                                   45
Process
tering Op-
i Storage
Lead
Emission Discharge Configuration Emis. Emission Height (m)
Rate Modeled Temp. Modeled
(g/sec) Actual Annual 24-hr Max. (°C) Actual Annual 24-hr Max.
2.79 Point Point Point 107 27.5 40.0 27.5
0.0093 Area Area VP(80) 14 0 1 1
Exit Source
Vel. Diara.
(m/sec) (m)
32.5 3.7
1.0 1.0

-------
                                                      TABLE 12
                                              SOURCE EMISSION PARAMETERS
                          Source Operation:  Gasoline Additive (TEL) Plant
                               Building Dimensions:  Height
                               Open Storage Area:      0
15  m; Width
45  m
N3


Process
Flaker Vent
Furnace-Venturi
Vents (3)
Process Vent
Sludge Pit Vent
Area Vent (3)
Lead
Emission
Rate
(g/sec)
0.013
0.189

0.00033
(2) 0.0038
0.00094
Discharge Configuration
Modeled
Actual
Stack
Stack

Stack
Stack
Stack
Annual
Point
Point

Point
Point
Point
24-hr Max.
Point
Point

Point
Point
Point
Emis.
Temp.
(°C)
14
60

14
14
14
Emission Height (m)
Modeled
Actual
24.4
30.5

45.7
45.7
22.9
Annual
24.4
30.5

45.7
45.7
22.9
24-hr Max.
24.4
30.5

45.7
45.7
22.9
Exit
Vel.
(m/sec)
6.7
3.6

0.91
16.2
4.0
Source
Diam.
(m)
0.91
0.91

1.5
1.2
1.2

-------
                                                       TABLE 13
                                               SOURCE EMISSION PARAMETERS
                           Source Operation:  Lead Oxide Plant

                                Building Dimensions:  Height =  15   m; Width =   45  m
                                Open Storage Area:      0   m^
to
   Process

Barton Pots  (3)
Furnace Baghouse
Furnace Vent
Building Ventila-
  tion
Lead
Emission
Rate
(g/sec)
0.0076
0.0003
0.0002
0.020

Discharge Configuration
Modeled
Actual
Stack
Stack
Stack
Roof
Opening
Annual
Area
Area
Area
Area

24-hr Max.
VP(70)
VP(70)
VP(70)
VP(70)

Emis.
Temp.
(°c)
50
50
50
50

Emission Height (m)
Modeled
Actual
16.8
16.8
18.3
16.8

Annua 1
15
15
15
15

24 -hr Max.
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5

Exit
Vel.
(m/sec)
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0

Source
Diam.
(m)
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2


-------
                                                       TABLE 14
                                               SOURCE EMISSION PARAMETERS
ro
oo
   Process



Controlled



Building Ventila-

  tion
Source Operation:
Lead Pigment Manufacture
Building Dimensions: Height =
Open Storage Area: 0 m^
Lead
Emission
Rate
(g/sec)
0.041
0.010
Discharge Configuration
Actual
Stack
Roof
Modeled
Annual 24-hr Max.
Point Point
Area VP(45 )
15 m; Width = 45 m
Emis. Emission Height (m)
Temp. Modeled
(°C) Actual Annual 24-hr Max.
14 30.5 40.0 30.5
14 15.2 7.5 15
'
Exit Source
Vel. Diam.
im/sec) (m)
5.0 1.5
4.0 1.5
                                    Opening

-------
        TABLE 15
SOURCE EMISSION PARAMETERS
Source Operation: Lead Acid Battery
Building Dimensions: Height =
Open Storage Area: 0 m2
Lead
Emission Discharge Configuration
Process
Burning
Paste Mixer
Casting Fu ranee
Rate
(g/sec)
0.0008
0.005
0.0025
Modeled
Actual
Stack
Stack
Stack
Annual
Area
Area
Area
24-hr Max.
VPS(90)
VPS (90)
VPS(90)
Plant
10 m;
Emis.
Temp.
38
38
38
Width = 60
Emission
Actual
12.2
9.1
7.6

m
Height (m)
Modeled
Annual 24-hr Max.
10.0
10.0
10.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
Exit
Vel.
(m/sec)
2.0
2.0
2.0
Source
Diam.
(m)
1.2
1.2
1.2

-------
                                                       TABLE  16
                                               SOURCE EMISSION PARAMETERS
10
o
   Process



Solder Bath



Wiping Station
Source Operation:
Can Manufacture

Building Dimensions: Height - 15 m; Width = 60 m
Open Storage Area: 0 m2
Lead
Emission
Rate
(g/sec)
0.0023
0.011
Discharge Configuration Emis. Emission Height (m)
Actual
Stack
Stack
Modeled Temp. Modeled
Annual 24-hr Max. (°C) Actual Annual 24-hr Max.
Area VP(90) 14 15.2 7.5 1
Area VP(90) 14 15.2 7.5 1
Exit Source
Vel. Diam.
(m/sec) (m)
0.28 1.5
0.28 1.5

-------
                                                     TABLE  17
                                             SOURCE EMISSION  PARAMETERS
   Process

Dross Kettle,
  Robertson Pot,
  Robertson Press
Lead Pit
Perrille Pot
Source Operation: Cable Covering Plant
Building Dimensions: Height =
Open Storage Area: 0 m^
Lead
Emission
Rate
(g/sec)
0.0024
0.0031
0.000025
Discharge Configuration
Modeled
Actual Annual 24-hr Max.
Area Area VP(45 )
Area Area VP(45)
Area Area VP(45)
12 m; Width 30 m
Emis. Emission Height (m)
Temp. Modeled
(°C) Actual Annual 24-hr Max.
41 15.2 12 12
39 15.2 12 12
25 15.2 6 1

Exit Source
Vel. Diam.
(m/sec) (m)
12.4 0.51
10.4 0.30
2.7 0.36

-------
                                                     TABLE 18
                                             SOURCE EMISSION PARAMETERS
                         Source Operation:  Type Metal Operation

                              Building Dimension
                              Open Storage Area:
         Building  Dimensions:  Height  =   15   m;  Width =45    m
                                 0   m2
Process
Lead
Emission
Rate
(g/sec)
Discharge Configuration
Modeled
Actual Annual 24-hr Max.
Emis. Emission Height (m)
Temp.
(°C) Actual
Modeled
Annual 24 -hr Max.
Exit
Vel.
(m/sec)
Source
Diam.
(m)
 Building Ventila-
   tion
1.0
OJ
ro
Roof        Area     VP(70)
  Opening
14     15.2     7.5       1.0
5.0
1.2

-------
                                                     TABLE 19

                                            SOURCE EMISSION PARAMETERS


                        Source Operation:  Combustion of Fossil Fuel

                             Building Dimensions:  Height =   45  m; Width     45   m
                             Open Storage Area:      0   m^


                    Lead
                   Emission       Discharge Configuration     Emis.      Emission Height (m)      Exit    Source
                    Rate                  	Modeled	  Temp.          	Modeled	   Vel.     Diam.
   Process         (g/sec)     Actual     Annual  24-hr Max.  (°C)   Actual  Annual  24-hr Max.  (m/sec)    (m)

Boiler              0.022      Stack       Point    Point      149    91.5     91.5        91.5       8.2      4.3

-------
                                                     TABLE 20

                                            SOURCE EMISSION PARAMETERS


                        Source Operation:  Waste Oil Combustion

                             Building Dimensions:  Height =?   15  m; Width =   30  m
                             Open Storage Area:      0   m*


                    Lead
                   Emission       Discharge Configuration     Emis.      Emission Height (m)      Exit    Source
                    Rate                  	Modeled	  Temp.          	Modeled	   Vel.     Diam.
   Process         (g/sec)     Actua1     Annual  24-hr Max.  (°C)   Actual  Annual  24-hr Max,  (tn/sec)     (m)

Boiler              0.150      Stack       Point    Point      149    41.8    41.8      41.8       7.6       1.5

-------
                                                     TABLE 21

                                            SOURCE EMISSION PARAMETERS


                        Source Operation:  Waste Crankcase Oil Combustion

                             Building Dimensions:  Height =   18  m; Width =45   n>
                             Open Storage Area:      0   m^


                    Lead
                   Emission       Discharge Configuration     Emis.  	Emission Height (m)      Exit    Source
                    Rate                  	Modeled	  Temp.          	Modeled	   Vel.     Diam.
   Process         (g/sec)     Actual     Annual  24-hr Max.  (°C)   Actual  Annual  24-hr Max.  (m/sec)    (m)

Boiler               3.1       Stack       Point    Point      149     61      61        61       0.647      3.1

-------
Since there was very little information available, most of the information


that is given in Tables 5 through 21 was assumed. VP indicates a virtual


point source at an upwind distance, in meters specified in parentheses.


These basic data assumptions are given in Appendix E.


          The results of the modeling of annual average conditions are


presented in Figures 2 through 16. The values shown are total lead con-


centrations (in micrograms per cubic meter) resulting from all emissions


considered for each source operation (industry):  tall stacks (indicated


by a dot), short stacks and building roof and side openings (indicated


by an open square), and ground-level sources (indicated by shading). Source


operations of a cable covering plant and combustion of fossil fuel are


not presented because the 24-hr maximum lead concentrations are less than

         3
0.01 ng/m .


          In the case of the Bunker Hill lead smelter (Figure 2),  measured


concentrations are indicated by x's. It appears that predicted and measured


lead concentrations agree to within a factor of 2.


          Figures 17 through 33 give the profiles of maximum 24-hr lead


concentration under worst case meteorological conditions for a typical


year. The contribution of fugitive emissions is denoted by the shaded areas;


this includes emissions from building roof and side openings and ground-


level open storage activities.


          Table 22 gives the percentage breakdown of the contribution


of each source (tall stacks, short stacks, building roof and side openings


and ground-level sources) at the point of maximum ground-level lead con-


centrations.
                                    36

-------
 ANNUAL AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS  (/ig/m3)
 Source Operation: Primary Lead Smelter
                    (Bunker Hill Co.; Kellogg,  Idaho)
5x
    Figure 2 - CDM Output - Primary Lead  Smelter  (Bunker Hill Company; Kellogg, Idaho)
                                           37

-------
ANNUAL AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS (  g/m3)
Source Operation:  Primary Lead Smelter
    (ASARCO; Glover, Missouri)
N
        Figure 3  - CDM Output - Primary Lead Smelter  (ASARCO; Glover, Missouri)
                                        38

-------
ANNUAL AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS  (/ig/m3)
Source Operation: Secondary Lead  Smelter
                                                                 N
                    Figure 4 - CDM Output  - Secondary Lead Smelter
                                         39

-------
ANNUAL AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS (/zg/m3)
Source Operation: Mining and Milling of Lead Ore
                                                                  N
                                          1.1
               Figure 5 -  CDM Output - Mining and Milling of Lead Ore
                                        40

-------
ANNUAL AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS
Source Operation:  Primary Copper Smelter
                                                                      N
                                                                        .12
                                          .12
                   Figure 6 -  COM Output - Primary Copper Smelter
                                        41

-------
ANNUAL AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS
Source Operation:  Grey Iron Foundry
                                                                   N
                     Figure 7 - CDM Output - Grey Iron Foundry
                                       42

-------
ANNUAL AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS (jig/™3)
Source Operation:  Ferroalloy Plant
                                                                      N
                      Figure 8 - CDM Output - Ferroalloy Plant
                                        43

-------
ANNUAL AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS
Source Operation: Gasoline Additive
                (TEL) Plant
N
                Figure  9  - COM Output  - Gasoline Additive (TEL) Plant
                                       44

-------
ANNUAL AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS
Source Operation;  Lead Oxide Plant
                                                                       N
                      Figure 10 - CDM Output - Lead Oxide Plant
                                        45

-------
ANNUAL AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS
Source Operation:  Lead Pigment Manufacture
                                                                      N
                  Figure 11 - CDM Output - Lead Pigment Manufacture
                                        46

-------
ANNUAL AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS  (M9/™3)
Source Operation:  Lead Acid Battery Plant
                                                                    N
                  Figure 12 -  COM Output - Lead Acid  Battery Plant
                                         47

-------
ANNUAL AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS
Source Operation: Can Manufacture
                                                                N
                      Figure 13 - CDM Output  - Can Manufacture
                                        48

-------
ANNUAL AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS ( g/m3)
Source Operation: Type Metal  Operation
                                                                 N
                                         1.4
                    Figure  14  - CDM Output -  Type Metal Operation
                                        49

-------
ANNUAL AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS (/ig/m3)
Source Operation  : Waste Oil  Combustion
                                                                N
                    Figure 15  - CDM Output - Waste Oil Combustion
                                        50

-------
ANNUAL AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS (/ig/m3)
Source Operation: Waste Crankcase Oil Combustion
                                                                 N
                                          .24
               Figure 16  - CDM Output - Waste  Crankcase Oil Combustion
                                        51

-------
ro
i
z"
g
I
UJ
U
O
U
                                                                                MAXIMUM 24-HR CONCENTRATIONS
                                                                                Source Operation: Primary Lead Smelter
                                                                                               (Bunker Hill Co.; Kellogg, Idaho)
                                                                                        Fugitive Sources
                                                                                          (Roof openings and ground level storage)
                                                                                        Ducted Sources
                                                                                          (Tall and short stacks)


                                                          456
                                                         DOWNWIND DISTANCE. Km
               Figure  17 -  PTMTP  Output -  Primary Lead  Smelter (Bunker Hill Company,  Kellogg,  Idaho)

-------
to
                                                                                     MAXIMUM 24-HR CONCENTRATIONS
                                                                                     Source Operation: Primary Lead Smeller
                                                                                                     (ASARCO; Glover,  Missouri)
                                                                                     j:ji:j::::::3Fugitive Sources
                                                                                     "'''''''"'*'*  (Roof openings and ground level storage)
                                                                                     I     I Ducted Sources
                                                                                     '	'  (Tall and short stacks)
                                                           456
                                                          DOWNWIND DISTANCE, Km
10
                       Figure 18  - PTMTP  Output  - Primary Lead  Smelter  (ASARCO; Glover, Missouri)

-------
Cn
-P-
     1.8

     1.7

     1.6

     1.5

     1.4

     1.3

<1   1.2

^   ...
Z
O   >-°
^-
j|   0.9
Z
u   0.8
Z
U   0.7
Q
uJ   0.6

     0.5

     0.4

     0.3

     0.2

     0.1

      0
                                                                                            AAAXIMUM 24-HR CONCENTRATIONS
                                                                                            Source Operation: Secondary Lead Smelter
                                                                                      |?:$S-:v:} Fugi I ive Sources
                                                                                      t;-:-.-:::v.v<  (R00f openings and ground level storage)
                                                                                      I      (Ducted Sources
                                                                                      '	'  (Toll and short slacks)
                                                            456

                                                           DOWNWIND DISTANCE. Km
                                                                                                                       10
                                      Figure  19  -  PTMTP Output  -  Secondary  Lead Smelter

-------
Ln
Ui
    li


    60


    64


    60


    56



    52


"E  48


 =t  44

 Z

 2  40
        |


        LU
        u

        O
        u
    36


    32


    28


    24



    20


    16


    12


     8


     4


     0
                                                                                        MAXIMUM 24-HR CONCENTRATIONS

                                                                                        Source Operation: Mining and Milling

                                                                                                        of Lead Ore
                                                                                       Fufilive Sources

                                                                                        (Roof openings and ground level storage)
                                                        456

                                                      DOWNWIND DISTANCE. Km
                                                                                                                10
                              Figure  20 -  PTMTP Output - Mining and Milling of Lead Ore

-------
     27
     21
1   18
O   15
u
z
O
u
12
                                                                              MAXIMUM 24-HR CONCENTRATIONS

                                                                              Source Operation! Primary Copper Smelter
                                                                             (Fugitive Sources

                                                                             •  (Roof openings and ground level storage)
                                                4         56



                                               DOWNWIND DISTANCE.  Km
                                                                                                              10
                            Figure  21 -  PTMTP Output -  Primary  Copper Smelter

-------
Oi
—I
                                                                                       MAXIMUM 24-HR CONCENTRATIONS
                                                                                       Source Operation: Grey Iron Foundry
                                                                                     IFufilive Sources
                                                                                     •  (Roof openings and ground level storage)
                                                       456

                                                      DOWNWIND DISTANCE. Km
                                                                                                                      10
                                   Figure  22  - PTMTP Output -  Grey  Iron Foundry

-------
oo
                                                                                             MAXIMUM 24-HR CONCENTRATIONS
                                                                                             Source Operation: Ferroalloy Plant
I     (
' - '
                                                                                                  Source*
                                                                                             (Roof openings and ground level storage)
                                                                                           Dueled Sources
                                                                                             (Tall and short stacks)
                                                            456

                                                           DOWNWIND DISTANCE.  Km
                                       10
                                       Figure 23  - PTMTP  Output  -  Ferroalloy  Plant

-------
vO
              •4.5
              4.0
              3.5
              3.0
              2.5
           §  2.0

           Z
           o
           u

           a

           ^  1.5
              1.0
              0.5
                                                                     I
                                                                                           ^AAXIMUM 24-HR CONCENTRATIONS

                                                                                           Source Operation: Gasoline Additive

                                                                                                          (TEL) Plant
                                                                                           I     (Ducted Sources
                                                                                                  (Tall and snort stacks)
                                                                                                     I
                                      2         3          4          5          6         7          B


                                                          DOWNWIND DISTANCE. Km


                                Figure 24  - PTMTP Output -  Gasoline  Additive  (TEL) Plant
10

-------
    0.18


    0.17


    0.16


    0.15


    0.14


    0. »3


«E  0.12

 ^
 =t  0.11


 g  o.io
 P

 |  0.09
 2
 UJ
 u  0.08

 O
 u  0.07
 o
 <
 ^  0.06


    0.05


    0.04



    0.03


    0.02


    0.01


      0
                              I
                                                     MAXIMUM 24-HR CONCENTRATIONS

                                                     Source Operations  Lead Oxide Plant
                                                           Dueled Sources

                                                            (Toll and short slocks)
                   456

                  DOWNWIND DISTANCE. Km
                                                                                                                   10
Figure  25  -  PTMTP  Output  - Lead Oxide Plant

-------
O
u
z
O
u
o
25
                                                                              MAXIMUM 24-HR CONCENTRATIONS
                                                                              Source Operation! Lead Pigment Manufacture
I     I
' - '
                                                                                 r*°9'''ve Sources
                                                                                  (Roof openings and ground level storage)
                                                                                 Dueled Sources
                                                                                  (Tall and ihort stacks)
                                                  456

                                                 DOWNWIND DISTANCE. Km
                          Figure  26  -  PTMTP Output  -  Lead Pigment Manufacture

-------
                                                   MAXIMUM 24-HR CONCENTRATIONS
                                                   Source Operation:  Lead Acid Battery Plant
                                                         Ducted Sourcet
                                                           (Tall and short stacks)
                      456
                     DOWNWIND DISTANCE. Km
Figure  27 -  PTMTP  Output -  Lead  Acid  Battery  Plant

-------
                                                    MAXIMUM 24-HR CONCENTRATIONS
                                                    Source Operation: Con Manufacture
                                                          Ducted Sources
                                                            (Tall and short stacks)
                    456
                   DOWNWIND DISTANCE. Km
10
Figure  28 -  PTMTP Output -  Can  Manufacture

-------
   0.024
   0.021
"^ 0.018
 dS
1 0.0.5
 u
 z
 o
 u
 Q
0.012
   0.009
   0.006
   0.003
                                                                                   MAXIMUM 24-HR CONCENTRATIONS
                                                                                   Source Operation: Cable Covering Plant
                                                                                  Fugitive Sources
                                                                                   (Roof openings and ground level storage)

                   I
                                               456
                                              DOWNWIND DISTANCE. Km
10
                           Figure 29  - PTMTP Output  - Cable  Covering Plant

-------
01
                                                                                           MAXIMUM 2+HE roNCENTRATfn

                                                                                           Source Qperotion: Type Metal Operation




                                                                                    PJ.'.V.'/.M c  •»•    «-
                                                                                    [ij|||S:]Fu9'hve  Sources

                                                                                            (Roof openings and ground level storage)
                                                        4          5           6

                                                      DOWNWIND DISTANCE.  Km
6
                     10
                                  Figure 30 -  PTMTP Output - Type  fetal Operation

-------
   .003r
                                                                            MAXIMUM 24-HR CONCENTRATIONS
                                                                            Source Operation: Combustion of Fossil Fuel
                                                                                  Ducted Sources

                                                                                   (Tall and short stacks)
   . 002
 a>
 i

Z
O
u
Z
O
u
a
   .001
                                                1
                                                          I
                                                456

                                               DOWNWIND DISTANCE.  Km
10
                        Figure  31 -  PTMTP  Output  - Combustion of  Fossil Fuel

-------
    .18

    .17

    .16

    .15

    .14

    .13

°|-  .12
\
 O)   , .
 i  • '1

O  •'»
»—
2>  .09

S  .08

8  .07
Q
^  .06

    .05

    .04

    .03

    .02

    .01

      0
                               MAXIMUM 24-HR CONCENTRATIONS
                               Source Operation:  Waste Oil Combustion
                                     Ducted Sources
                                       (Tall and short stacks)
I
           I
                                                 456

                                                DOWNWIND DISTANCE. Km
                                                               10
                             Figure 32  - PTMTP Output - Waste  Oil  Combustion

-------
00
           4.5
           4.0
           3.5
           3.0
        o>
        i

       Z
       O
       Z
       IIJ  o n
       u  *-u
       Z
       O
       u
       Q
       <  i 5
       UJ  * • *•*
            1.0
           0.5
                                                                               MAXIMUM 24-HR CONCENTRATIONS
                                                                               Source Operation: Waste Crankcase Oil Combustion
                                                                               I     I Ducted Sources
                                                                                      (Tall and short stacks)
                                                        I
                                                                             I
                                                        456

                                                      DOWNWIND DISTANCE.  Km
10
                             Figure  33 -  PTMTP  Output - Waste  Crankcase  Oil Combustion

-------
                         TABLE 22
CONTRIBUTIONS TO MAXIMUM 24-HR GROUND-LEVEL CONCENTRATIONS
            Source Operations

Primary Lead Smelter
  (Bunker Hill Company, Kellogg, Idaho)
Primary Lead Smelter
  (ASARCO, Glover, Missouri)
Secondary Lead Smelter
Mining and Milling of Lead Ore
Primary Copper Smelter
Grey Iron Foundry
Ferroalloy Plant
Gasoline Additive (TEL) Plant
Lead Oxide Plant
Lead Pigment Manufacture
Lead Acid Battery Plant
Can Manufacture
Cable Covering Plant
Type Metal Operation
Combustion of Fossil Fuel
Waste Oil Combustion
Waste Crankcase Oil Combustion
                            	Percent Contributions to Maximum Concentration
                             Tall          Short           Building           Open
                            Stacks         Stacks          Openings          Storage
                               0

                               0
                             < 1

                               0
                             100

                            75.8
                             100
                             100
                             100
 < 1
22.2
   0

 100
24.2
 100
 100
 100
99.7

99.5

 100
 < 1
                                                              100
 < 1

 < 1
 100

 100
77.8
 100

-------
          Table 23 presents the annual average and highest expected 90-


and 30-day and 24-hr ground-level concentrations of lead. The 90- and


30-day maxima (which are expected to occur once per year) were determined


by the statistical approach described earlier. It is assumed that both of


these maxima will occur at the same distance from the source(s) as the


point of maximum 24-hr ground-level lead concentration (see Figures 17


through 33).



                            V.  CONCLUSIONS



          The results of the dispersion calculations were based,  in most


cases, on assumed data that was needed for calculated expected ambient


air lead concentrations in the vicinity of stationary-source operations.


Also, it was assumed that the operation considered was typical of that


industry.


          These assumptions were made because the data needed to  determine


expected ambient air concentrations in the vicinity of the 16 stationary-


source operations that were considered in this study were not available.


As a consequence, all results from this study are subjective.


          Based upon the concentrations determined, the following four

                                                         *5
stationary-source operations could exceed 1, 2, or 4 y,g/m  ground-level


lead concentrations at their boundaries on a 90-day basis:  primary lead


smelter, mining and milling of lead ore, type metal .operation, and primary


copper smelter. The following  four  are questionable:  ferroalloy plant,


grey iron foundry, secondary lead smelter, and gasoline additive  plant.



                                      70

-------
                           VII.  REFERENCES
1»  Busse, A. D., and J. R. Zimmerman, User's Guide for the Climatolog-
      ical Dispersion Model, EPA Report No. EPA-R4-73-024,  December 1973.

2.  "Aerometric Data Summary, Bunker Hill Lead Smelter," prepared by PEDCo
      Environmental Specialists, October 26 through December 31,  1974.

3.  "Annual Wind Distribution by Pasquill Stability Glasses (STAR Program),"
      January 1967 to December 1971 and 1964, Kansas City,  Missouri, from
      the National Climatic Center, Asheville, North Carolina.

4.  Silver Valley/Bunker Hill Smelter Environmental Investigation. Interim
      Report , PEDCo Environmental Specialists, EPA Contract No. 68-02-
      1343, Task No. 8, February 1975.

5.  Guidelines for Air Quality Maintenance Planning and Analysis » Vol. 10:
      Reviewing New Stationary Sources, U.S. Environmental  Protection
      Agency, Report No. EPA-450/ 4-74-011 (OAQPS No. 1.2-029), September'
      1974.

6.  Holzworth, G. C., Mixing Heights, Wind Speeds, and Potential  for Urban
      Air Pollution Throughout the Contiguous United States. U.S. Environ-
      mental Protection Agency, Report No. AP-101, January  1972.

7.  Turner, D. B., and A. D. Busse, User's Guide to the Interactive Ver-
      sions of Three Paint Source Dispersion Programs:  PTMAX, PTDIS.
      and PTMTP. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, January 1973.

8.  Larsen, R., A Mathematical Model for Relating Air Quality Measurements
      to Air Quality Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
      Report No. AP-89, November 1971.
                                     73

-------
        APPENDIX A





SUMMARY LISTING OF CONTACTS
            74

-------
       THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

    Project Officer
    All Regional Offices
    Air Pollution Technical Information Center
                  EPA CONTRACTORS

      PEDCo
      The Research Corporation of New England
      Midwest Research Institute
                      STATES

       All 50 states
       Districts in the State of California
         TECHNICAL GROUPS AND ASSOCIATIONS

National Association of Recycling Industries, Inc.
Grey and Ductile Iron Founders Society
International Typesetting Organization
Battery Council International
National Association of Recycling Industries
International Lead-Zinc Research Organization
Independent Battery Manufacturers Association
                   UNIVERSITIES

          University of Missouri at Rolla

             Dr. Bobby G.  Wixson
             Dr. Ivan H. Lowsley, Jr.
                        75

-------
                                 INDUSTRY
Ethyl Corporation
Pasadena, Texas

Delco Company
Anderson, Indiana
Olathe, Missouri
      Source Type

Gasoline additives
  (TEL)
Battery plant
Battery plant
AMAX Lead and Zinc, Inc.
Boss, Missouri              Primary lead smelter
                                                  Letter  Telephone  Visit
X
         X
                                  X
RSR Corporation
Dallas, Texas
Secondary lead smelter
Hammond Lead Products, Inc.
Hammond, Indiana            Lead pigment
Certified Metals and
  Manufacturing Company
Cincinnati, Ohio

Schreylkill Metals Corp.
Baton Rouge, Louisiana

ASARCO
El Paso, Texas

National Lead Industries/
  Metals Division
McCook, Illinois

General Battery Corp.
Reading, Pennsylvania and
  Dallas, Texas

Globe-Union Incorporated
Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Battery System, Inc.
Santa Ana, California

Gould, Inc., Industrial
  Battery Division
Trenton, New Jersey
Secondary lead smelter
Lead alloy
Metal products
Primary lead smelter
Battery plant and
Secondary lead smelter
Battery plant
Secondary lead smelter
Battery plant


Battery plant



Battery plant

         76
X
                                  X
         X
         X
         X
X
         X
                  X

-------
                            INDUSTRY  (Concluded)

                                  Source Type     Letter  Telephone  Visit

Prestolite Battery Division,
  Eltra Company
Toledo, Ohio                Battery plant                     X

East Penn Manufacturing Co. Battery plant and
Lyon Station, Pennsylvania  Secondary lead smelter            X

Standard Electric Company,
  Inc.                      Battery plant and
San Antonio, Texas          Secondary lead smelter            X

Chloride Incorporated
Columbus, Georgia and       Battery plant and
  Tampa, Florida            Secondary lead smelter            X

Gould, Inc.
Omaha, Nebraska             Secondary lead smelter            X

ESB Automotive Division
Cleveland, Ohio             Battery plant                     X

K & W Batteries             Battery plant and
Skokie, Illinois            Secondary lead smelter            X

Batteries Manufacturing Co. Battery plant and
Detroit, Michigan           Secondary lead smelter            X

Metal Industries            Battery plant and
Detroit, Michigan           Secondary lead smelter            X

St. Joe
Herculaneum, Missouri       Primary lead smelter              X        X

ASARCO
Glover, Missouri            Primary lead smelter              X        X

Missouri Lead
Boss, Missouri              Primary lead smelter              X

Bunker Hill
Kellog, Idaho               Primary lead smelter              X
                                    77

-------
            APPENDIX B

SUMMARY OF FUGITIVE LEAD RESULTS
 OF STUDIES PREVIOUSLY CONDUCTED
                78

-------
     A.  Bunker Hill Primary Smelters, Idaho

          A summary of fugitive lead emission, measured and estimated, is
presented.  The data are taken from previous studies.

          Table B-l contains a summary of fugitive lead emission, by process,
from the Bunker Hill primary lead smelter in the state of Idaho.  This study
was conducted by PEDCo Environmental Specialists of Cincinnati, Ohio.

          Based on the fugitive lead emission from Table B-l, and on the ore
analysis data below, the following calculation can be made for the fugitive
lead emission from the Bunker Hill primary copper smelter.

          1.  The lead content of copper concentrate is 0.29%;

          2.  The average lead content of lead concentrate is 62.5%; and

          3.  The smelter input is 1,200 tons/day copper concentrate.

          Therefore, fugitive emission from primary copper smelter is:
         147 (Ib/hr) x 1,200 (tons/day) x 0.0029 _
                  576 (tons/day) x 0.625         '
     B.  Silver Valley, Idaho

          Silver Valley is a cluster of mines, storage, tailings, towns and
smelters about 15 miles long.  Using the wind erosion equation, a methodology
based on extensive data collected by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and
PEDCo Environmental Specialists of Cincinnati, Ohio, had estimated lead
fugitive emission in the Silver Valley region.  The total fugitive lead
emission in the valley is 8.99 tons/year or:
             8.99 (tons/year) x 2,000 (Ib/ton) - 2 05 Ib Pb/hr
              365 (days/year) x 24 (hr/day)
                                     79

-------
                                                                 TABLE B-l

                                        FUGITIVE  EMISSION OF LEAD  FROM BUNKER HILL PRIMARY SMELTER
Fugitive Lead Concentration
Process lb/ft3 x 10'6
1.

2.


3.

4.

5.

6.
CO
0 7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

Sinter conveyor belt and rotoclone
discharge to ore preparation plant
Return sinter transfer belt on roof
of blending building

Exhaust vent from ore concentrate
building
Exhaust vent from ore preparation
building
Sinter product line from slzer to
storage area
Sinter product dump area
Sinter tunnel feed to blast furnace
Inlet area to blast furnace
Upset condition of blast furnace
Blast furnace roof vents
Lead refinery vents
Lead casting ducts
Zinc fuming furnace vents
Silver refinery and retort building
Electric arc furnace vents

0.2/1

85
1.3
121
0.47

4.4
4.3
21

0.03
43
0.05
230
0.26
0.15
0.35
0.17
0.24
0.11
0.04
Ib/hr
0.29

50
3.2
39
9.2

5.2
5.5
6.4

0.17
8.9
0.09
7.1
0.9
2.5
5
1.2
1.8
0.43
0.05
Ratio of Pb
g/sec to Partlculate
2.2

378
24.2
295
69.6

39.3
41.6
48.4

1.3
67.3
0.7
53.7
6.8
18.9
37.8
9.1
13.6
3.3
0.3
0.35

0.14
0.51
0.29
0.37

0.37
0.27
0.58

0.31
0.39
0.32
0.03
0.47
0.37
0.38
0.03
0.07
0.01
0.04
Area of Emission to
Emission the Atmosphere
Point (ft2) (ft3/mln)
175,000

61 400
270
36
23 161,792

19,733
21,323
25

225
31
100 100
." 625
2,657,160
35,443,574
34,211,944
500
18,259,178
9,408,284
120 21,000
% Operation
in 24 hr
100

100
100
100
100

100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
33
100
100
100
          Total
                                                         147
                                                                                  0.28
Notes:  (a) These measurements represent about 807. of the total fugitive emission.  The accuracy of  the  measurements is ± 50% of the"jja'ctual values.
        (b) The production rate is 15 tons Ph/hr.                                                                                    •'•3&-v  •
        (c) The Input lead concentrate contains 62.57. lead.  Therefore, plant input lead concentrate is  576  tons/day.

-------
           APPENDIX C





INFORMATION FROM STATE AGENCIES
               81

-------
                Lead Standard

                   Unknown

                    None
Arkansas

California
 None

Unknown
Colorado



Connecticut

Delaware
 None



Unknown

 None
District of
  Columbia

Florida
Unknown
 None
                                 Remarks
             State has no stationary sources that emit
             lead as a primary constituent.  Several
             copper smelters are located in the state.
             Some lead may be emitted- from them.  The
             state performs extensive monitoring in the
             vicinity of these smelters.  From particulate
             samples collected by hi-volume drivers, lead
             has been found to range from 0 to 0.6 ug/m^
             (avg. for 24 hr) at different locations.
1972 SIP out of print.  Working on a second
edition.  Local districts have the primary
responsibility for controlling emissions of
air pollutants from stationary sources.

SIP is being revised.  Air Pollution Control
Division has not identified lead as a signif-
icant pollution of concern to it.
Section 7 - Control of Potentially Hazardous
Particulate Matter - of Delaware's 1974
Regulations Governing the Control of Air
Pollution states:  "7.1  Persons responsible
for a source operation from which potentially
hazardous particulate matter may be emitted
such as, but not limited to, lead, arsenic,
beryllium, silica, asbestos, and other such
materials shall list such contaminants and
their exit concentrations in a written report
to the Department.  The Department shall as-
sign emission limits on an individual basis.
Ambient air quality standards - suspended par-
ticulates:  50 Ug/m3 annual geometric mean;
180 ug/m^ max.  24-hr concentration.
                                    82

-------
                Lead Standard

                   Unknown

                    None
Idaho
None
Illinois
None
                                Remarks
One stationary source of lead emissions:
Waiau plant of the Hawaiian Electric Company
on Oahu.  Summary results of testing for
lead content in the stack emissions from
waste-oil burning are:  (1) waste-oil burning
results in increased lead emissions from the
boiler stack; (2) for the conditions covered
by the test, the predicted contribution to
ground-level concentrations, based on emission
data obtained from the study, would be well
below 5 ug/m3, which is the level recommended
by the states of Montana and Pennsylvania as
a maximum limit.

One major source of lead in state, which is
iron smelter located in Kellogg, Idaho.  Minor
sources are lead-producing mines in this area.
Fugitive and stack emissions have been measured
in Kellogg Valley under EPA Contracts Nos. 68-
02-0236 and 68-02-1343.  Percent lead in par-
ticulate ambient-air samples ranged from 2 to
18, averaged by quarter during 1971 to 1974.
Monthly average lead in 24-hr ambient-air sam-
ples was as much as 35 ug/m3 at a distance of
~ 1.6 miles from the stack, and ~ 2 ug/m3 at
~ 2.5 miles.

Fugitive Particulate Matter;  Any particulate
matter emitted into the atmosphere other than
through a stack, provided that nothing in this
definition or in Rule 203(f) shall exempt any
source from compliance with other provisions
of Rule 203 otherwise applicable merely because
of the absence of a stack.
203(f) Fugitive Particulate Matter.
(1)  No person shall cause or allow the emission
     of fugitive particulate matter from any
     process, including any material handling
     or storage activity,  that is visible by
     an observer looking generally toward the
     zenith at a point beyond the property line
     of the emission source.
                                    83

-------
State
Lead Standard
                    Remarks
 Illinois  (concluded)
Iowa

Kansas
   Unknown

    None
                (2)  No person shall cause or allow the
                     emission of fugitive particulate matter
                     from any process, including any material
                     handling or storage activity, in such a
                     manner that the presence of such particu-
                     late matter shown to be larger than forty
                     (40) microns (mean diameter) in size exists
                     beyond the property line of the emission
                     source.
                (3)  Rules 203(f) (1) and 203(f) (2) shall not
                     apply to emissions of fugitive particulate
                     matter from stock-piles of materials when
                     the wind speed is greater than 25 miles per
                     hour.  Determination of wind speed for the
                     purposes of this rule shall be by a 1-hr
                     average at the nearest official station of
                     the U.S. Weather Bureau, by interpretation
                     of surface weather maps by a meteorologist,
                     or by wind speed instruments installed on
                     the stock-pile site.
                (4)  No person shall cause or allow the opera-
                     tion of a vehicle of the second division
                     as defined by 111. Rev. Stat., Ch. 95 1/2,
                     pp. 1-217, as revised, or a Semitrailer as
                     defined by 111. Rev. Stat.. Ch. 95 1/2,
                     pp. 1-187, as revised, without a covering
                     sufficient to prevent the release of par-
                     ticulate matter into the atmosphere, pro-
                     vided that this paragraph (f)(4) of this
                     Rule 203 shall not apply to automotive ex-
                     haust emissions.
                (5)  Except for the stockpiling of materials,
                     Rule 203(f) shall not apply to emissions
                     resulting from the manufacture of coke.
                (6)  Rule 203(f) shall not apply to emissions
                     of water and water vapor from cooling
                     towers.
28-19-51 Ground Level Particulate Limitations:
The provisions of other emission control regu-
lations, notwithstanding, no person shall cause
or permit the handling, transport or storage of
                                    84

-------
State
Lead Standard
                     Remarks
Kansas  (concluded)
Kentucky

Louisiana
   Unknown

    None
Maine
Maryland
    None
   Unknown
                any materials or any other use of a premise
                in a manner which has been demonstrated to
                allow sufficient quantities of particulate
                matter to become airborne to cause a ground
                level particulate concentration at the prop-
                erty line equal to or exceeding 2.0 milligrams
                per cubic meter above background concentra-
                tions for any time period aggregating more
                than 10 min during any hour.

                Compliance with this  section shall  be deter-
                mined by the Department  by means of collecting
                air samples from one  or  more locations both up-
                wind and downwind from the source of emissions
                at any point on,  or beyond, the premise prop-
                erty line.  Such sampling may be carried out
                by means of a portable high volume  sampler
                equipped with a 4-in.  diameter filter,  a
                portable electrostatic precipitator,  or any
                other sampling procedure established by the
                Department commensurate  with good engineering
                practice.  (Authorized by K. S.  1970 Supp.
                65-3005, 65-3006, 65-3010:  Effective January  1,
                1971.)  Plants handling  lead are:  Gould,  Inc.,
                Leavenworth; Delco-Remy  Div, of General Motors
                Corp., Olathe; Chicago Battery Corp.,  Kansas
                City; Sherwin-Williams Chemicals, Coffeyville;
                Cherryvale Zinc Division, National  Zinc Company,
                Cherryvale.
Ambient air-quality standards-Max. permissible
concentration of suspended air particulate:
75 ug/tn3 (annual geometric mean); 260 ug/m3
(max. 24-hr concentration not to be exceeded
more than once a year).

Ambient air-quality standards:  100 ug/m3
(24-hr cone.) and 50 ug/m^ (annual geometric
mean).

Proposed ambient-air quality standards for
suspended particulate matter:  SERIOUS -
75 Vg/m3 is annual arithmetic average;
                                      85

-------
State
Lead Standard
                    Remarks
Maryland (concluded)
Massachusetts
    None
160 ug/m3 is 24-hr max., and is not to be
exceeded more than one time a year.  More
adverse - 65 ug/m3 for annual arithmetic
average; and 140 ug/ra3 for 24-hr max., which
is not to be exceeded more than once a year.

There are some 200 nonferrous foundries in
Massachusetts and 100 or so metal reclaiming
plants.  Most of the foundries melt, pour and
grind lead bearing bronze (85-5-5-5) 570 lead.
The reclaiming operations are involved in
melting 100% lead.  The melting takes place
at a rather low temperature (600-800°C).
However, the dressing operation involves lead
oxide dust which can be liberated to the
ambient air.

The foundry operations are carried out at
higher temperatures (2000°C or higher) and
liberate lead fume as well as lead oxide
dust from the dressing operation.  Uncon-
trolled grinding operations are also a source
of lead dust.
Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri
    None

   Unknown

    None

    None
Air quality standards for suspended partic-
ulates (sampling with hi-volume samplers):
K.C. metropolitan area - 60 ug/m3 max. annual
geometric mean at any sampling site and 150 ug/
m3 24-hr average not to exceed more than one
24-hr period in any three consecutive months
at any sampling site; St. Louis metropolitan
area - 75 ug/m3 annual geometric mean at any
sampling site and 200 jig/m3 not to be exceeded
over one day in any 3-month period at any sam-
pling site; Springfield-Green County area -
60 ug/m3 max. annual geometric mean at any
sampling site and 150 pg/m3 24-hr average
not to be exceeded on more than one 24-hr
period in any three consecutive calendar
months at any sampling site.
                                   86

-------
                Lead Standard
                    None
                   Unknown
                    None
Nevada
None
                                Remarks
            One lead plant - East Helena, Montana.
Ambient air-quality standards for suspended
particulate matter:  primary standards -
during any 12 consecutive months, the geo-
metric mean value of all 24-hr averages of
suspended particulate matter concentrations
in ambient air shall not exceed 75 ug/m3
and during any 12 consecutive months, 24-hr-
average concentrations may not exceed 260 ug/
m3 no more than once; secondary standards
60 ug/m3 for the annual average, and 150 ug/
n>3 for the 24-hr average concentration.

Ambient air quality standards for particu-
late matter concentration are:  60 ug/m3
annual geometric mean, and 150 ug/m3 max.
24-hr concentration.
New Hampshire
None
New Mexico
 Yes
No person shall operate a new or modified
secondary lead smelter or a new or modified
secondary brass or bronze ingot production
plant in such a manner as to discharge or
cause to discharge into the atmosphere -of
any gasps from blast (cupola) furnaces which
contain particulate matter in excess of
50 mg/dscm.  Primary ambient air quality
standards for suspended particulate matter
of air (shall be determined by hi-volume sam-
plers) are:  (1) the annual geometric mean
for all particulates shall not exceed 60 ug/
m3; (2) the annual geometric mean will con-
sist of the geometric mean for the 12-month
period beginning on July 1 and ending on
June 30; and (3) the 24-hr max. cone, of
particulates shall not exceed 150 ug/m3
over one day per year.

Ambient air quality standards for total sus-
pended particulate - max. allowable concentra-
tions:  (1) average daily 150 ug/m3 for any
24-hr period; (2) average weekly 110 ug/m3;
(3) average monthly 90 ug/m3; and (4) annual
geometric mean 60 ug/tn3.
                                    87

-------
State
Lead Standard
New Mexico (concluded)
                    Remarks

When one or more of the following elements
are present in the total suspended partic-
ulate, the max. cone, of the element in-
volved is:  lead - 10 ug/m3 30-day average;
beryllium - 0.01 ug/m3 30-day average;
arsenic, copper and zinc - 10 ug/m3 30-day
average in any combination.

After April 30, 1974, no person owning or
operating a nonferrous smelter shall permit,
cause, suffer or allow particulate matter
emissions to the atmosphere in excess of
0.03 grains per average sampled cubic foot
of discharge gas at standard temperature and
pressure.

Only one stationary source within New Mexico
is thought to have significant emissions.  It
is Sandia Battery Company, Bernallillo,
New Mexico.
New York
North Carolina
   Unknown
    None
North Dakota
    None
Ambient air quality standards for suspended
particulate matter are:  60 ug/m^ annual
geometric mean, and 150 ug/tn^ max. 24-hr
cone, not to be exceeded more than once a
year.

Ambient air quality standards for suspended
particulate matter are:  60 ug/m3 annual
geometric mean, and 150 ug/m3 max. 24-hr
cone.
Ohio
   Unknown
                                No known sources of particulate lead in state.
Oklahoma
   Unknown
Oregon
    None
When fugitive emissions escape from a building
or equipment in such a manner and amount as to
create nuisance conditions or to violate any
regulation, the Department may, in addition to
other means of obtaining compliance, order that

    88

-------
State
Lead Standard
                    Remarks
Oregon (concluded)
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
     Yes
   Unknown
the building or equipment in which processing,  "
handling and storage are done be tightly closed
and ventilated in such a way that air contami-
nants are controlled or removed before discharge
to the open air.

Ambient air quality standards for suspended
particulate matter at a primary mass station
shall not exceed:  (1) 60 ug/m3 of air, as an
annual geometric mean for any calendar year;
(2) 100 ug/m3 of air, 24-hr cone, for more than
15% of the samples collected in any calendar
month; and (3) 150 ug/m3 of air, 24-hr cone.,
more than once a year.

There are 11 known emission sources of lead -
one smelter, one sporting goods, and nine
battery manufacturers.

Ambient air quality standards - the maximum
value of lead concentration averaged over
30 days shall not exceed 5 ug/m3.
South Carolina
   Unknown
South Dakota
Tennessee
    None
   Unknown
Ambient air quality standards for particu-
lates are 60 ug/m3 as an annual geometric
mean and 150 ug/m3 as the max. 24-hr cone.
Texas
Utah
    None
    None
All toxic elements (lead included) above
10 ug/m3 (arbitrarily selected) are on the
prime priority element surveillance list.

National air quality standards of perfor-
mance for secondary lead smelters and sec-
ondary brass and bronze ingot production
plants—no emission of particulate matter
from a blast (cupola) or reverberatory fur-
nace shall exceed 50 mg/dscm; for iron and
steel mills, emissions shall not exceed
50 mg/dscm.

     89

-------
                Lead Standard

                   Unknown

                    None
Washington
 None
West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming
Unknown

Unknown

 None
                                 Remarks
Ambient air quality standards for particu-
late matter:  primary standards, 75 ug/m3
annual geometric mean and 260 ug/m^ max.
24-hr cone, not to be exceeded more than
once a year; secondary standards, 60 ug/m3
annual geometric mean as a guide to be used
in assessing achievement, the 24-hr standard,
and 150 ug/m3 max. 24-hr cone, not to be
exceeded more than once a year.

Ambient air quality standards.  The suspended
particulate concentrations in the ambient air,
averaged over any 24-hr period, shall not
exceed:  (1) 60 ug/m3 annual geometric mean;
(2) 100 ug/m3 for more than 15% of the sam-
ples collected in any calendar month; and
(3) 150 ug/m3 not to be exceeded more than
once a year.
The ambient air standards for total sus-
pended particulates are:  (1) 60 ug/m3
annual geometric mean; and (2) 150 -ug/m3
max. 24-hr cone, not to be exceeded more
than once per year.
                                    90

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 APPENDIX D
BIBLIOGRAPHY
     91

-------
          1.  "The Clean Air Act," Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, B.C., December 1970.

          2.  "Standards Support and Environmental Impact Statement,"
Outline, Volume I.

          3.  "Preferred Standards Path Analysis on Lead Emissions From
Stationary Sources," Emission Standards and Engineering Division, Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, August 9,
1974.

          4.  "Preferred Standards Path Analysis on Lead Emissions From
Stationary Sources," Volume II.

          5.  "Preferred Standards Path Analysis on Lead Emissions From
Stationary Sources," Volume III.

          6. "Scientific and Technical Assessment Report on Lead From
Stationary Sources," Office of Research and Development, Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., EPA Report No. EPA-600/6-75-OOX,
February 1975.

          7.  "EPA's Position on the Health Implications of Airborne
Lead," Environmental Protection Agency,'Washington. D.C., November 28, 1973.

          8.  "Final Report on Economics of Lead Removal in Selected
Industries," Environmental Protection Agency/Battelle Columbus Laboratories,
August 31, 1973. Project No. 68-02-0611

          9.  "Emission Study of Industrial Sources of Lead Air Pollutants,
1970," Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, APTD-1543.

          10.  "Background Information for New Source Performance Standards:
Primary Copper, Zinc, and Lead Smelters, Volume I:  Proposed Standards,"
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards,
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, EPA Report No. EPA-450/2-74-002a,
October 1974.

          11.  "Emissions from Lead Smelter at American Smelting and Refining
Company, Glover, Missouri," by E. P. Shea, Midwest Research Institute,
Kansas City, Missouri, EMB Project Report No.  73-PLD-l. Proj. No. 68-02-0228.
MRI 3585-C27.
          12.  Workbook of Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates, by D.  Bruce Turner,
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Programs, Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina, Publication No. AP-26, Sixth Printing, January 1973.

                                   92

-------
          13.  "Primary Lead Production Areas in the United States,"
Lead Industries Association, May 1972.

          14.  "Facts about Lead and the Atmosphere," Lead Industries
Association, March 1968.

          15.  Lead, Lead Industries Association, Vol. 38, No.  1-2 (1975).

          16.  "Facts about Lead and Industrial Hygiene," Lead  Industries
Association, April 1967.

          17.  "Lead Welding," American Welding Society, reprinted and
distributed by Lead Industries Association, July 1972.

          18.  "Lead-Covered Underground Cable Use Increasing," by C. N.  Peters,
Wisconsin Electric Power Company, distributed by Lead Industries Association,
reprinted from Transmission and Distribution.

          19.  "Emissions from Coal-Fired Power Plants:  A Comprehensive
Summary," by Stanley T. Cuffe and Richard W. Gerstle, National  Air Pollution
Control Association, U.S. Public Health Service, Durham, North  Carolina
(1967).

          20.  Lagerwerff, J. V., W. H. Arminger, and A. W. Specht, "Uptake
of Lead by Alfalfa and Corn from Soil and Air," Soil Science,  Spring 1973.

          21.  Hankin, Lester, "Lead Poisoning - A Disease of  Our Time,"
reprinted from Journal of Milk and Food Technology, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 86-97,
February 1972.

          22.  McKee, Arthur G., and Company, Systems Study for Control of
Emissions Primary Nonferrous Smelting Industry, Vol. I of III,  for National
Air Pollution Control Administration, PH 86-65-85, June 1969.

          23.  McKee, Arthur G., and Company, Copper, Zinc and  Lead Smelting
Practice, Vol. II of III, for National Air Pollution Control Administration,
PH 86-69-85, June 1969.

          24.  McKee, Arthur G., and Company, Systems Study for Control of
Emissions Primary Nonferrous Smelting Industry, Vol. Ill of III, Appendices C
through G, for National Air Pollution Control Administration, PH 86-65-85,
June 1969.

          25.  Wixson, Bobby G., Ernst Bolter, Nord L. Gale, J. Charles Jennett,
and Krishnier Purushothaman, "The Lead Industry as a Source of  Trace Metals in
the Environment," presented to Environmental Resources Conference on Cycling
and Control of Metals, Batelle Memorial Institute, October 31  to November 2,
1972.
                                    93

-------
          26.  Wixson, Bobby G., and William H.  Tranter,  "An Investigation
of Environmental Pollution by Lead and Other Heavy Metals from Industrial
Development in Southeastern Missouri," presented to National Telecommuni-
cations Conference, Houston, Texas, December 4-6,  1972.

          27.  Wixson, Bobby G., Ernst Bolter,  J.  Charles Jennett,  and
Krishnier Purushothaman, "Environmental Impact  of  Trace Metals on the New
Lead Belt of Southeast Missouri," presented to  American Geophysical Union,
San Francisco, California, December 6-9, 1971.

          28.  Purushothaman, Krishnier, "Air Quality Studies of a Developing
Lead Smelting Industry," presented to Society of Engineering Science, First
International Meeting on Pollution, Tel Aviv, Israel, June 12-17, 1972.

          29.  Jennett, J. Charles, Bobby G. Wixson, Ernst Bolter,  and
James 0. Pierce, "Environmental  Problems and Solutions Associated with the
Development of the World's Largest Lead Mining  District," presented to
Society of Engineering Science,  First International Meeting on Pollution,
Tel Aviv, Israel, June 12-17, 1972.

          30.  Sandstead, H. H., W. H. Allaway,  R. G. Burau, W.  Fulkerson,
H. A. Laitinen, P. M. Newberne,  J. 0. Pierce, and  B. G. Wixson,  "Cadmium,
Zinc and Lead in Geochemistry and the Environment," Vol.  I, The Relation
of Selected Trace Elements to Health and Disease,  National Academy of
Sciences, Washington, D.C. , pp.  29-35 (1974).

          31.  Committee on Biologic Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants,
Lead;  Airborne Lead in Perspective, National Academy of  Sciences,  Washington,
D.C. (1972).

          32.  Foster, Ronald L., Peter F. Lott, John N.  Goulias, and James
H. Long, "The X-Ray Identification of Trace Amounts of Toxic Lead Compounds
Emitted into Air by Smelting Operations in Missouri," undated.

          33.  National Association of Recycling Industries, NARI Membership
Directory 1975-76, National Association of Recycling Industries Incorporated,
July 1975.

          34.  Gray and Ductile  Iron Founders Society, Sources for Gray and
Ductile Iron Castings; a Buyers  Guide and Directory of Members,  1975-76.

          35.  Battery Council International, The  Storage Battery Manufacturing
Industry, 1973-74 Yearbook.

          36.  Nonferrous Metal  works of the World, 1967-USA.
                                    94

-------
          37.  Davis, W. E., and Associates, National Inventory of Sources
and Emissions;  Barium, Boron, Copper, Selenium, and Zinc.  Section III:
Copper. EPA Office of Air Programs, Contract No. 68-02-0100, April 1972.

          38.  Anonymous, Potential Pollutants in Fossil Fuels, EPA-R2-73-
249, June 1973. Office of Research & Monitoring.

          39.  "Low Level Lead Toxicity and the Environmental Impact of
Cadmium," Environmental Health Perspectives, Experimental Issue No. 7,
May 1974.

          40.  Karvonen, M. J., "Air Pollution and its Effects on Health:
Heavy Metals and Hydrocarbons," in Comparative Studies of Food and Environ-
mental Contamination, proceedings of a Symposium, Otaniemi, August 27-31,
1973, International Atomic Energy Association, Vienna (1974).

          41.  Golberg, A. J., A Survey of Emissions and Controls for
Hazardous and Other Pollutants, Office of Research and Monitoring, Environ-
mental Protection Agency, November 1972.

          42.  Novick, Robert E., "Man, His Environment, and Lead," Journal
of Environmental Health, Vol. 35, No. 4, January-February 1973.

          43.  Berg, Byron A., and Carl Zenz, "Environmental and Clinical
Control of Lead Exposure in a Nonferrous Foundry," American Industrial
Hygiene Association Journal, pp. 175-178, March-April 1967.

          44.  Everett, J. L., C. L. Day, and D. Reynolds, "Comparative
Survey of Lead at Selected Sites in the British Isles in Relation to
Air Pollution," Food and Cosmetic Toxicology, Vol. 5, Permagon Press,
pp. 29-35 (1967).

          45.  Elkins, H. B., Chemistry of Industrial Toxicology, Chapter 4,
pp. 49-58, Wiley.

          46.  Wixson, Bobby G. et al.  An Interdisciplinary Investigation of
Lead and Other Heavy Metals in the New Lead Belt of Southeastern Missouri,
Interim Report to the National Science Foundation Research Applied to National
Needs (RANN), Vol. I, June 1, 1971 to June 1, 1972.

          47.  ibid.  Vol. II

          48.  Tsuchyia, Kenzaburo, and Susumu Harashima, "Lead Exposure
and the Derivation of Maximum Allowable Concentrations and Threshold Limit
Values," British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Vol. 22, p. 181 (1965).
                                   95

-------
          49.  National Oil Recovery Corporation Conversion of Crankcase
Waste Oil into Useful Products, for the Water Quality Office, EPA Water
Pollution Control Series 15080D30, EPIC L-8, pp. 37-53, March 1971.

          50.  Roberts, T. M., T. C. Hutchinson, and W. Ginz, "Effects of
Secondary Lead Smelters on Air, Soil and Vegetation Quality and on Local
Residents in Toronto," Department of Botany and Institute for Environmental
Studies, University of Toronto.

          51.  Williams, M. K., E. King, and Joan Walford, "An Investigation
of Lead Absorption in an Electric Accumulator Factory with the Use of Personal
Samplers," British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Vol. 26, pp. 202-216 (1969).

          52.  Davis, W. E. of W. E. Davis and Assoc., Leawood, Kansas,
APTD 1543, Contract No. 68-02-0271, Office of Air and Water Programs, Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards, EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
(1973).

          53.  Aust, Steven P., "Aerosol Lead, Its Present and Future in
Maryland," Division of Program Planning and Evaluation, Bureau of Air
Quality Control, Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Environmental
Health Administration, State of Maryland, October 1974.

          54.  Lagerwerft, J. V., D. L. Brower, G. T. Biersdorf, "Contamination
of Soil and Vegetation with Cadmium, Copper, Lead, and Zinc (in the Proximity
of a Smelter)"  USDA Agricultural Research Service, Agricultural Environmental
Quality Institute, Ag. Chemicals Management Lab (1971).

          55.  "Profile:  Amax Homestate Lead Mine-Mill-Smelter," AMAX.

          56.  Cramer, K., and S. Selander, "Studies in Lead Poisoning:
Comparison Between Different Laboratory Tests," British Journal of Industrial
Medicine, 22:311  (1965.).

          57.  	, "Lead Arsenate."

          58.  "Waste Oil Roundup No. 1," American Petroleum Institute.

          59.  Vanderkerk, G., and Lead Industry Association, "New Develop-
ments in Organo Lead Chemistry," Ind. & Eng. Chem., pp. 29-35 (1966).

          60.  "Helena Valley, Montana, Area Environmental Pollution Study,"
EPA, Publication AP 91  (1972).

          61.  "Background Information for Standards of Performance Phosphate
Fertilizer Industry," Vols. 1 and 2, EPA, Proposed Standards (1974).

                                    96

-------
          62.  Valentine, Fisher, and Tomlinson, Engineers, "Bunker Hill
Atmospheric Emission Evaluation:   Particulates" (1975).

          63.  Singmaster and Breyer, "Air Pollution Control in the Primary
Aluminum Industry:  Technical Appendices"  (1973).

          64.  Shea, E. P., "Emissions from Cable Covering Facility," EPA
Contract No. 68-02-0228, MRI Project No. 3585-C32 (1973).

          65.  "Development of Procedures for the Measurement of Fugitive
Emissions," TRC and EPA, Vol. 1, July 1975.

          66.  "Emissions from a Primary Lead Smelter Sintering Machine
Acid Plant, Boss, Missouri," EPA Contract No. 68-02-0228, Task 10, ETB Test
No. 72MM13, MRI Project No. 3585-Cll (1973).

          67.  Goldberg, A. J., and EPA, "A Survey of Emissions and Controls
for Hazardous and Other Pollutants"  (1972).

          68.  "Criteria for a Recommended Standard:  Occupational Exposure
to Inorganic Lead," U.S. Department Public Health Service HEW (1972).

          69.  (Map) Location of Major Lead Operations.

          70.  "Elemental X-Ray Analysis of Hi-Volume Filters from Public
Health Service Office Building, Ft. Bragg, California," State of California -
Resources Agency, Air Resources Board, Mendocino County Air Pollution Control
District, September 1973.

          71.  "Final Report on Suspended Particulate Sources in Mendocino
County, California  (S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, CO, Br, Pb, Cu, Zn)"  State
of California - Resources Agency, Air Resources Board, Mendocino County Air
Pollution Control District (1974).

          72.  Roberts, T. M., T. C. Hutchinsbn, W. Gizyn of Department of
Botany and Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Toronto,
"Effects of Secondary Lead Smelters on Air, Soil and Vegetation Quality and
on Local Residents  in Toronto."

           73.   Yankel,  A.  J.,  and I.  von Lindern,  Idaho  Department  of Health
 and  Welfare,  "Procedures  Employed for a Study of Lead in Dust,  Soil and the
 Ambient  Air,"  paper presented  74-AP-19  PWINS  meeting,  Boise,  Idaho, pp.  17-
 19,  November 1974.

           74.   "Report  on Source Testing of a Grid  Casting Pot  Stack and  a
 Lead Oxide  Mill  Stack for Prestolite (Battery Division)  Toronto," Enviroclean,
 LTD,  Willowdale,  Ontario  (Engineers).

                                    97

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          75.  "Lead Concentrations in the San Francisco Bay Area,"
Technical Services Division, Bay Air Pollution Control District, 1970-1973.

          76.  Culkowski, Walter M., and Malcolm R. Patterson, "A Compre-
hensive Atmospheric Transport and Diffusion Model," Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, ORNL NSF EATC-17, April 1976.

          77.  Wixson, B. G., and J. C. Emmett, "An Interdisciplinary
Investigation of Environmental Pollution, Lead and Other Heavy Metals,"
from Industrial Development in the New Lead Belt of Southeast Missouri,
Interim Progress Report, May 1972-June 1974, Interdisciplinary Lead Belt
Team, University of Missouri-Rolla, Vols. 1 and 2.

          78.  Same as above.  June 1971, May 1972, Vol. 1-11.

          79.  Fulkerson, W., W. D. Shults, and R. I. Van Hook, editors,
"Ecology and Analysis of Trace Contaminants - Progress Report, October 1973
- September 1974," Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ORNL NSF EATC-11, December
1974.

          80.  Van Hook, R. I., and W. D. Shults, editors, "Ecology and
Analysis of Trace Contaminants - Progress Report, October 1974 - December
1975," Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ORNL NSF EATC-22, February 1976.

          81.  Patterson, M. R., J. K. Munro, and R. J. Luxmoore, "Simulation
of Lead Transport on the Crooked Creek Watershed," Annual Conference on Trace
Substances in Environmental Health, University of Missouri, 1975.

          82.  Tussey, Robert C., Jr., "Emissions from a Primary Lead Smelter
Sintering Machine Acid Plant at Missouri Lead Operating Company, Boss, Missouri,"
for Office of Air Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, No. 68-02-0228,
MRI 3585-C(ll), ETB Test No. 72-MM-13, March 1973.

          83.  Jutze, George A., and Lawrence A. Elfers, "Testimony Support
Document:  In-Plant Fugitive Dust Emission Measurements, Bunker Hill Lead
Smelter," for State of Idaho, DHW, Division of Legal Counsel, Boise, Idaho,
PEDCo Environmental Specialists - Cincinnati, September 30, 1975.

          84.  Elfers, Lawrence A., and George A. Jutze, PEDCo, "Silver
Valley/Bunker Hill In-Plant Fugitive Dust Emission Tests," for EPA Region
X, No. 68-02-1343, Task 3.

          85.  "Ambient Air Data for Monitoring Locations at Silver Valley,
Idaho," DHW, State of Idaho, June 1974-June 1975, May 1976.

          86.  Fisher, Valentine, and Tomlinson, "Atmospheric Emission Formu-
lation:  Particulates," Bunker Hill Company, Kellogg, Idaho, EPA Region X,
Air Surveillance and Investigation Branch, Seattle, No. 68-02-0236, October
17-19, 1974 and November 4-22, 1974.
                                  98

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                APPENDIX E
SOURCE EMISSION DATA;  ACQUIRED AND ASSUMED
                     99

-------
  Source Operation:  Primary Lead Smelter (Bunker Hill Company; Kellogg, Idaho)

                                                     Value
               Process/Pat;
                                       11-74
10-74
Remarks
o
o
Main Lead Stack
  Height (m)                           61.0
  Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)             3.91
  Diameter (m)                         4.57
  Exit Velocity (m/sec)                12.0
  Temperature (°C)                     61.2

Sinter Sizing (W Rotoclone)
  Height (m)
  Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)             0.476
  Diameter (m)                         0.69
  Exit Velocity (m/sec)                10.8
  Temperature (°C)                     51.6

Sinter Sizing (N Rotoclone)
  Height (m)
  Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)             0.403
  Diameter (m)                         0.60
  Exit Velocity (m/sec)                10.7
  Temperature ( C)                     54.6

Reverb Furnace (Norblow Baghouse)
  Height (in)
  Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)             0.798
  Diameter (m)                         0.97
  Exit Velocity (m/sec)                15.5
  Temperature ( C)                     86.3
                                                              61.0
                                                              14.0
                                                              4.57
                                                              9.1
                                                              52.3
             PEDGo Report
             PEDCo Report, p. 23+  (19+)
             PEDGo Report
             PEDGo Report, p. 67+
             PEDGo Report
             PEDGo Report, p. 23+
             PEDCo Report
             PEDCo Report, p. 67+
             PEDGo Report
                                                                           PEDCo Report, p.  23+
                                                                           PEDCo Report
                                                                           PEDGo Report, p.  67+
                                                                           PEDGo Report
                                                                           PEDGo Report, p.  23+
                                                                           PEDCo Report
                                                                           PEDGo Report, p.  67+
                                                                           PEDCo Report

-------
Source Operation:   Primary Lead Smelter (Bunker Hill Company; Kellogg, Idaho) (Continued)

                                                   Value 	 	
             Process/Data
    11-74
                                              Remarks
  OPP Norblow Baghouse
    Height (m)
    Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)
    Diameter (m)
    Exit Veloctiy (m/sec)
    Temperature (°G)

  Reverb Furnace (J-M Baghouse)
    Height (m)
    Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)
    Diameter (m)
    Exit Velocity (m/sec)
    Temperature ( C)
a =
    0.013
    0.90
    5.8
    18.0
0.014 b
0.76
11.6
19.4
            = 0.09
                       0.51
                                PEDCo Report, p. 23+
                                PEDGo Report
                                PEDCo Report, p. 67+
                                PEDCo Report
PEDCo Report, a = 0.15b
PEDCo Report, p. 108 (41)
PEDCo Report, p. 67+
PEDCo Report
  Zinc Fuming Furnace
    Height (m)
    Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)             0.358
    Diameter (m)                         2.82
    Exit Velocity (m/sec)                13.6
    Temperature (°C)                     65.2

  Zinc Fuming Furnace Charging Hood
    Height (m)
    Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)             0.454
    Diameter (m)                         1.55
    Exit Velocity (m/sec)                11.7
    Temperature (°C)                     14.1
                       0.063
                       1.55
                       9.9
                       13.0
                                    PEDCo Report, p.  23+
                                    PEDCo Report
                                    PEDCo Report, p.  67+
                                    PEDCo Report
                                PEDCo Report, p.  17  (p.  19  -  Hi  Vol.)
                                PEDCo Report
                                PEDCo Report, p.  67+
                                PEDCo Report

-------
   Source Operation:  Primary Lead Smelter (Bunker Hill Company; Kellogg, Idaho) (Continued)

                                            	Value	
               Process/Data
                                       11-74
                   10-74
              Remarks
o
N>
Reverb Granulator (Slag)
  Height (m)
  Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)
  Diameter (m)
  Exit Velocity (m/sec)
  Temperature ( C)

Reverb Granulator (Copper)
  Height (m)
  Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)
  Diameter (m)
  Exit Velocity (m/sec)
  Temperature ( C)

Pelletizing Dryer
  Height (m)
  Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)
  Diameter (m)
  Exit Velocity
  Temperature (°C)

Electric Furnace Granulator
  Height (m)
  Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)
  Diameter (m)
  Exit Velocity (m/sec)
  Temperature ( C)
                                        cl ~~"
                                        cl """*
1.437 b
0.91
9.6
33.0
0.693 b
0.91
11.0
38.3
                                            0.287
                                            1.06
                                            11.2
                                            37.2
                                            0.075
                                            0.30
                                            18.2
                                            50.2
                                                    = 0.225
                                                    = 0.103
PEDCo Report, b = 0.15a (p. 17, 24)
PEDGp Report
PEDCo Report, p. 67+
PEDCo Report
PEDCo Report, b
PEDCo Report
PEDCo Report
PEDCo Report
                                PEDCo Report, p. 23+
                                PEDCo Report
                                PEDCo Report, p. 67+
                                PEDCo Report
                                PEDCo Report, p. 23+
                                PEDCo Report
                                PEDCo Report, p. 67+
                                PEDCo Report
= 0.15a (p. 17, 24)

-------
     Source Operation:  Primary Lead Smelter (Bunker Hill Company; Kellogg, Idaho)  (Continued)

                                              	Value	
                  Process/Dati
                                       11-74
                   10-74
            Remarks
o
LO
OPP Rodmill
  Height (m)
  Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)
  Diameter (m)
  Exit Velocity (m/sec)
  Temperature ( C)

Sinter Bin Discharge
  Height (m)
  Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)
  Diameter (m)
  Exit Velocity (m/sec)
  Temperature ( C)

Sinter Tank Return
  Height (m)
  Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)
  Diameter (m)
  Exit Velocity (m/sec)
  Temperature ( C)

Main Lead Baghouse (3)
  Roof Vent
  Height (m)
  Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)
  Diameter (m)
  Exit Velocity (m/sec)
  Temperature ( C)
                                              0.193
                                              0.60
                                              23.3
                                              17.0
0.035
0.36
16.8
24.1
                                              0.108
                                              0.51
                                              7.5
                                              48.8

                                              0.013 b
                                              1.47
                                              5.8
                                              53.9
        = 0.038
                                PEDCo Report, p.  23+
                                PEDCo Report
                                PEDCo Report, p.  67+
                                PEDCo Report
PEDCo Report, p. 23+
PEDCo Report
PEDCo Report, p. 67+
PEDCo Report
                                PEDCo Report, p.  23+
                                PEDCo Report
                                PEDCo Report, p.  67+
                                PEDCo Report
PEDCo Report, a = 0.15b  (p. 25,  19)
PEDCo Report
PEDCo Report
PEDCo Report

-------
Source Operation:   Primary Lead Smelter (Bunker Hill Company;  Kellogg, Idaho) (Continued)

                                         	Value	
             Process/Data
11-74
10-74
Remarks
  Silver Retort Roof Outlet
    Height  (m)
    Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)         a = 0.035 b = 0.252
    Diameter (m)                         1.57
    Exit Velocity (m/sec)                10.8
    Temperature (°C)                     17.2

  Reverb Granulator Charging-Roof Outlet
    Height  (m)
    Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)             0.017
    Diameter (m)                         1.46
    Exit Velocity (m/sec)                13.1
    Temperature (°C)                     29.6

  Dross Roof Outlet
    Height  (m)
    Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)         a = 0.362 b = 2.369
    Diameter (m)                         1.42
    Exit Velocity (m/sec)                11.0
    Temperature (°C)                     21.3

  Zinc Fuming Furnace Granulator
    Height  (m)
    Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)             0.085
    Diameter (m)                         2.29
    Exit Velocity (m/sec)                13.2
    Temperature (°C)                     81.0
                   0.113
                                PEDCo Report, a = 0.15b (p. 25,  20)
                                PEDCo Report
                                PEDCo Report
                                PEDCo Report
             PEDCo Report, p. 25, 20
             PEDCo Report
             PEDCo Report
             PEDCo Report
                                PEDCo Report, a == 0.15b (p. 25, 20)
                                PEDCo Report
                                PEDCo Report
                                PEDCo Report
                                PEDCo Report, p.
                                PEDCo Report
                                PEDCo Report
                                PEDCo Report
                              25

-------
Source Operation:  Primary Lead Smelter (Bunker Hill Company; Kellogg, Idaho) (Concluded)

                                         	Value	
             Process/Data
11-74
10-74
Remarks
  Open Storage
    Area (m^ )
    Emission Rate (g/sec/m^)

  Building Dimensions
    Length (m)
    Width (m)
    Height (m)
50
50
20
                   8,800        Assumed               .
                 1.0 x 10~5     1.10 tons/acre/montha
                                Assumed
aj  "Development of Emission Factors for Fugitive Dust Sources," EPA Report No. EPA-450/3-74-037,
      June 1974.

-------
Source Operation:  Primary Lead Smelter (ASARCO;  Glover,  Missouri)

             Process/Data                          Value
Blast Furnace and Baghouse
  Height (m)
  Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)
  Diameter (m)
  Exit Velocity (m/sec)
  Temperature ( C)

Sintering
  Height (m)
  Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)
  Diameter (m)
  Exit Velocity (m/sec)
  Temperature ( C)

Building Ventilation (Buoyant)
  Height (m)
  Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)
  Temperature ( C)

Building Ventilation (Nonbuoyant)
  Height (m)
  Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)
  Temperature ( C)

Open Storage
  Area (m^)
  Emission Rate (g/sec/m^)
   109
   6.01
   2.38
   6.3
   142
   186
   0.624
   3.19
   19.3
   140
   20
   2.04
   53
   20
   6.36
   13
   8,800
1.0 x 10-5
                                 Remarks
                                   a/
                         MRI Report-
                                   a/
                         MRI Report-
                         Assume d~~
                         Assumed"
Ambient
Assumed               .
1.19 tons/acre/month—

-------
Source Operation:  Primary Lead Smelter (ASARCO; Glover, Missouri) (Concluded)

             Process/Data                          Value                         Remarks

                                                                                d/
Building Dimensions                                                      Assumed"
  Length (m)                                       50
  Width (m)                                        50
  Height (m)                                       20
a/  "Emission from Lead Smelter at American Smelting and Refining Company (ASARCO), Glover, Missouri,"
      EPA Contract No. 68-02-0228 (1973).
b/  "In-Plant Fugitive Dust Emission Measurements, Bunker Hill Lead Smelter, PEDCo Envrionmental
      Report (1975).
c/  "Development of Emission Factors for Fugitive Dust Sources," EPA Report No. EPA-450/3-74-037,
      June 1974.
d/  Raw Assumption.

-------
Source Operation:  Secondary Lead Smelter

       Process/Data            Value
                                                     Remarks
Blast Furnace
  Height (m)
  Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)
  Diameter (m)
  Exit Velocity (m/sec)
  Temperature (°C)

Reverberatory Furnace
  Height (m)
  Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)

  Diameter (m)
  Exit Velocity (m/sec)
  Temperature (°C)
  Open Storage
    Area (m^)
    Pb Emission Rate (g/sec/
                               30.5
                               0.02
                               1.2
                               4.2
                               90
                               21.3
                               0.033

                               1.5
                               7.6
                               65
                             465
      m4'
                         -  1.0 x 10-5
  Building Dimensions
    Length (m)
    Width (m)
    Height (m)
                             45
                             45
                             10
EPA Communication
                               a/
Avg. Table VII-3, Assume 50% Pb~
Assumed 5 ftk/
Avg. Table VII-33/
Avg. Table VII-3-7
EPA Communication
Avg. Table VII-5, 6, Assumed
  50% Pb£/
Assumed 5 ft^/
Avg. Table VII-5, 6&
Avg. Table VII-5, 6JL/
Assumedk/

1.10 tons/acre/monthS/

Assumed^/
a/  "Background Information for New Source Performance Standards:  Primary
      Copper, Zinc, and Lead Smelters," EPA Report No. EPA-450/2-74-002a,
      October 1974.
b/  Raw Assumption.
£/  "Development of Emission Factors for Fugitive Dust Sources," EPA Report
      No. EPA-450/3-74-037, June 1974.
                                    108

-------
Source Operation:   Mining and MILling »f Lead Ore
         Process/Pat*
Stack 1
                                                       Value
Stack 2
Stack 3
       Remarks
  Secondary Crusher
    Height (m)
    Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)
    Diameter (m)
    Exit Velocity (m/sec)
    Temperature (°C)

  Tertiary Crusher
    Height (m)
    Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)
    Diameter (m)
    Exit Velocity (m/sec)
    Temperature (°C)

  Rod-Ball Mill
    Height (m)
    Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)
    Diameter (m)
    Exit Velocity (m/sec)
    Temperature ( C)

  Open Storage

  Building Dimensions
    Length (m)
    Width (m)
    Height (m)
 12.2
 0.2
 1.2
 1.0
 25
 13.7
 0.02
 1.2
 1.0
 25

 None
 60
 60
 15
 12.2
 0.2
 1.2
 1.0
 25
13.7
0.2
1.2
1.0
25
13.7
0.2
1.2
1.0
25
 13.7
 0.02
 1.2
 1.0
 25
 12.2
 0.2
 1.2
 1.0
 25
 13.7
 0.02
 1.2
 1.0
 25
AMAX Brochure Picture
Assumed
Assumed
Assumed
Assumed
                                             AMAX Picture
                                             Assumed
                                             Assumed
                                             Assumed
                                             Assumed
AMAX Picture
Assumed
Assumed
Assumed
Assumed

Assumed

Assumed

-------
Source Operation:   Primary Copper Smelter

         Process/Data               Value
                    Remarks
  Roaster
    Height (m)                      170
    Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)        0.174
    Diameter (m)                    7.3
    Exit Velocity (m/sec)           5.7
    Temperature (°C)                81

  Furnace
    Height (m)                      155
    Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)        0.160
    Diameter (m)                    7.3
    Exit Velocity (m/sec)           7.6
    Temperature (°C)                130

  Converter
    Height (m)                      170
    Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)        0.092
    Diameter (m)                    7.3
    Exit Velocity (m/sec)           5.3
    Temperature (°O                120

Fugitive Source (Uncontrolled)
  Height (m)                        18.3
  Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)          0.0002
  Diameter (m)                      1.5
  Exit Velocity (m/sec)             2.59
  Temperature (°C)                  37.8
Avg. of stacks, p. 5-3, EPA 450/2-74-002a~
Avg. of stacks, p. 5-3; Assumed 0.3% Pb2/
EPA Communication
Avg. of stacks, p. 5-3; Assumed 24-ft diameter—'
EPA Communication (avg.)
Avg. of stacks, p. 5-3, EPA 450/2-74-0023^
Avg. of stacks, p. 5-3; Assumed 0.3% Pb£/
EPA Communication
Avg» of stacks, p. 5-3; Assumed 24-ft diameter3-'
EPA Communication


Avg. of stacks, p. 5-3, EPA 450/2-74-002a^/
Avg. of stacks, p. 5-3; Assumed 0.3% Pb3./
EPA Communication
Avg. of stacks, p. 5-3; Assumed 24-ft diameter—/
EPA Communication (avg.)


Assumed 60-ft higb£
EPA Communication
Assumed 5-ft diameter£/
Assumed 10,000 cfmk/
Assumed 100°F^./

-------
Source Operation:  Primary Copper Smelter (Concluded)

         Process/Data               Value                             Remarks
  Open Storage
    Area (m^)                       465           Assumed0-/
    Emission Rate (g/sec/m^)      1 x 10~^        1.10 tons/acre/month£/

  Building Dimensions                             Assumed
    Lenght (m)                      60
    Width (m)                       60
    Height (m)                      18.3
a/  "Background Information for New Source Performance Standards:  Primary Copper, Zinc, and Lead
      Smelters," EPA Report No. EPA-450/2-74-002a, October 1974.
b/  Raw assumption that all building sources ducted to atmosphere (except storage).
c/  "Development of Emission Factors for Fugitive Dust Sources," EPA Report No. EPA-450/3-74-037,
      June 1974.

-------
Source Operation:  Grey Iron Foundry

           Process/Data              Value
                       Remarks
  Furnace
    Height (m)
    Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)

    Diameter (m)
    Exit Velocity (m/sec)
    Temperature (°C)
  18.3
  0.0018

  0.72
  17.2
  46
Assume 60 ft—'
EPA Report 75-GFE-3;
  Assumed 1%
EPA Reportk/
EPA Report^/
EPA Report^/
  Area Vents (fan)
    Height (m)
    Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)
    Diameter (m)
    Exit Velocity (m/sec)
    Temperature ( C)

  Open Storage
    Area (m^)
    Emission Rate (g/sec/m^)

  Building Dimensions
    Length (m)
    Width (m)
    Height (m)
  18.3
  0.0088
  0.76
  10.0
  35
  465
1 x 10-5
  45
  45
  15
Assumed3.'
Assumed 10% inlet; 1% Pb3/
Assumed 2-1/2 ft3/
Assumed3/
Assumed3./
Assumed3-'
1.19 tons/acre/month0-'

Assumed3.'
aj  Raw assumption, all sources ducted to atmosphere.
b/  "Stationary Source Testing of a Grey Iron Foundry," EPA Project Report
      No. 75-GFE-3, February 7, 1975, EPA Contract No. 68-02-1403, Task 4,
      MRI Project No. 3927-C(4).
c/  "Development of Emission Factors for Fugitive Dust Sources," EPA
      Report No. EPA-450/3-74-037, June 1974.
                                    112

-------
 Source  Operation:  Ferroalloy Production
             Process/Data
Value
                              Remarks
  Sintering Operation
    Height (m)
    Pb Emission Rage (g/sec)
    Diameter (m)
    Exit Velocity (m/sec)
    Temperature (°C)

  Open Storage
    Area (nr)
    Emission Rate (g/sec/m )

  Building Dimensions
    Length (m)
    Width (m)
    Height (m)
27.5
2.79
3.7
32.5
106.7
930
1 x 10
45
45
45
-5
                Source test by Pennsylvania Department
                  of Health, Air Pollution Control, on
                  New Jersey Zinc Company, 1970
                Assumed—
1.19 tons/acre/monthJ^'

Assumed3.'
jj/  Raw assumption.
b/  "Development of Emission Factors for Fugitive Dust Sources," EPA Report No. EPA-450/3-74-037,
      June 1974.

-------
Source Operation:  Gasoline Additive (TEL)  Plant
             Process/Data
                                                  Value
 Stack  1   Stack 2   Stack 3
               Remarks
  Flaker Vent - Source A
    Height (ra)
    Pb Emission Rage (g/sec)

    Diameter (m)
    Exit Velocity (m/sec)
    Temperature (°C)
            24.4
            0.013

            0.91
            6.7
            26.7
 Filter
 £/
 Assumed  1  Ib/hr,  9070 removal
  efficiency^/
                      fi /
 Assumed  3-ft diameter-
 Assumed  10,000  cfm£/
 Assumed  80°F (near  ambient)—'
  Furnace-Venturi Vent - Source E
    Height  (m)                          30.5
    Pb Emission Rate  (g/sec)            0.189
    Diameter  (m)                        0.91
    Exit  Velocity (m/sec)               3.6
    Temperature (°C)                    60
                                  Wet Venturi Scrubber
30.5
0.189
0.91
3.6
60
30.5
0.189
0.91
3.6
60
                                  Assumed 3 Ib/hr particulate, 50% Pb£/
                                  Assumed—'
                                  Assumed 5,000 cfm, 3-ft diameter3.?*:'
                                  c/
  Process  Vent  -  Source  U
   Height (m)
   Pb Emission Rate  (g/sec)
   Diameter  (m)
   Exit Velocity  (m/sec)
   Temperature (°C)
45.7
0.00033
1.5
0.91
26.7
~              , •*>!
Assumed 0.2 mg/mj—
Assumed—'
Assumed 3,500 cfm, 5-ft
Assumed (near ambient)—'

-------
 Source  Operation:  Gasoline Additive  (TEL) Plant  (Continued)
              Process/Data
                                                  Value
Stack  1   Stack 2   Stack 3
              Remarks
   Sludge Pit Vent  -  Source C
    Height  (m)
    Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)
    Diameter (m)
    Exit Velocity
    Temperature (°C)

   Area Vent -  Source D
    Height  (m)
    Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)
    Diameter (m)
    Exit Velocity (m/sec)
    Temperature (°C)

   Open Storage

   Building Dimensions (see attached)
    Length  (m)
    Width (m)
    Height  (m)
45.7
0.0038
1.2
16.2
26.7
22.9
0.00094
1.2
4.0
26.7
45.7
0.0038
1.2
16.2
26.7
22.9
0.00094
1.2
4.0
26.7





22.9
0.00094
1.2
4.0
26.7
None
                                  -
                                  Assumed 0.2 mg/n
                                                   —
                                  Assumed 40,000 cfm, 4-ft diamete
                                  c/
                                  Assumed 0.2 mg/m—'
Assumed 10,000
£/

Assumed
                                                                    a.c/
                                  Based on site visit—'
                                                     a/
a/  Rased on site observation or plant drawings; site visit April 30, 1976.
b/  Raw assumption.
£/  Based on discussion with plant personnel.

-------
                         TOP VIEW
                                                              N-
      3 Story  34' x 193'
4 Story  ~40'x260'
     1  High Story  47'x 234'
            ~30'
35'
            Gasoline Additive  (TEL) Plant  (Concluded)
                             116

-------
Source Operation:  Lead Oxide Plant
             Process/Data
                                                  Value
Stack 1   Stack 2   Stack 3
                                    Remarks
  Barton Pots
    Height (m)
    Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)
    Diameter (m)
    Exit Velocity (m/sec)
    Temperature (°C)
16.8
0.0076
1.2
5.0
50
16.8
0.0076
1.2
5.0
50
16.8
0.0076
1.2
5.0
50
Baghouse
Assumed 50-ft building, 5-ft stack-
Assumed 1.5 lb/hrk/
Assumed9.'
Assumed—'
Assumed—'
  Furnace Baghouse
    Height (m)
    Pb  Emission Rate  (g/sec)
    Diameter (ra)
    Exit Velocity  (m/sec)
    Temperature (°C)
16.8
0.0003
1.2
5.0
50
                      Assumed 50-ft building, 5-ft stack-
                      Assumed 0.06 Ib/hr-/
                      Assumed—'
                             a/
                      Assumed—'
                      Assumed?/
                                                                     a/
  Furnace  Vent
    Height (m)
    Pb  Emission Rate  (g/sec)
    Diameter  (m)
    Exit Velocity  (m/sec)
    Temperature (°C)
18.3
0.0002
1.2
5.0
50
                      Assumed 50-ft building, 10-ft stack8-'
                      Assumed 0.04
                      Assumed—'
                             Q /
                      Assumed-
                      Assumed3-'

-------
   Source Operation:  Lead Oxide Plant  (Continued)
                Process/Data
                                                     Value
                                     Stack 1   Stack 2   Stack 3
              Remarks
oo
Fugitive
  Height (m)
  Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)
  Diameter (m)
  Exit Velocity (m/sec)
  Temperature (°C)

Open Storage

Building Dimensions
  Length (m)
  Width (m)
  Height (m)
                                          16.8
                                          0.020
                                          1.2
                                          5.0
                                          50

                                          None
                                          45
                                          45
                                          15
Assumed 50-ft building,  5-ft  stacks.
Assumed 3.84
Assumed^'
Assumed-?.'
Assumed—'

Assumed-

Assumed8-'
                                                                                                               a/
   a/  Raw assumption, all sources ducted to atmosphere,
   b/  EPA communication.

-------
Source Operation:  Lead Pigment Manufacture
             Process/Data
Value
               Remarks
  Point Source
    Height  (m)
    Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)
    Diameter (m)
    Exit Velocity (m/sec)
    Temperature (°C)
30.5
0.041
1.5
5.0
25
Assumed 100 ft-/
Battelle Economics of Recovery  Report—'
Assumed 5 ft3.'
Assumed3-'
Assumed3-'
  Fugitive Source
    Height (m)
    Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)
    Diameter (m)
    Exit Velocity (m/sec)
    Temperature (°C)
15.2
0.010
1.5
4.0
25
Assumed—'
Assumed3/
Assumed-
Assumed—'
Assumed—'
  Open Storage
None
  Building Dimensions
    Length (m)
    Width (m)
    Height (m)
45
45
15
                     Assumed
£/  Raw assumption, all sources ducted to atmosphere.
_b/  "Economics of Lead Removal in Selected Industries,1
      August 31, 1973, by Battelle.
     EPA Contract No. 68-02-0611, Task 3,

-------
  Source Operation:  Lead Acid Battery Plant
               Process/Dat£
K)
O
Burning
  Height (m)
  Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)
  Diameter (m)
  Exit Velocity (m/sec)
  Temperature (°C)

Paste Mixer
  Height (m)
  Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)
  Diameter (m)
  Exit Velocity (m/sec)
  Temperature (°C)
    Casting Furnace
      Height (m)
      Pb Emission Rate  (g/sec)
      Diameter (m)
      Exit Velocity (m/sec)
      Temperature (°C)
                                                 Value
                                    Remarks
                                                     12.2
                                                     0.0008
                                                     1.2
                                                     2.0
                                                     37.8
                     EPA communication
                     EPA communication
                                 2 /
                     Assumed 4 ft—
                     Assumed 5,000 cfmi/
                     Assumed 100°F£/
9.1
0.005
1.2
2.0
37.8
EPA communication
EPA communication
Assumed 4 ft—'
Assumed 5,000 cfm -
Assumed
                                                                                            a/
                                                7.6
                                                0.0025
                                                1.2
                                                2.0
                                                37.8
                     EPA communication
                     EPA communication
                     Assumed 4 ftS./
                     Assumed 5,000 cfm§/
                     Assumed

-------
Source Operation:  Lead Acid Mattery Plant  (Continued)


             Process/Data                          Value                               Remarks



  Open Storage                  •                   None

  Building Dimensions                                                   Assumed
    Length (m)                                     60
    Width (m)                                      60
    Height (m)                                     15
£/  Raw assumption, all sources ducted to atmosphere.

-------
   Source Operation:  Can Manufacture
                Process/Data
                                                 Value
                                     Remarks
     Solder Bath
       Height (m)
       Pb Emission Rage (g/sec)
       Diameter (m)
       Exit Velocity (m/sec)
       Temperature (°C)
                                                 15.2
                                                 0.0023
                                                 1.5
                                                 0.28
                                                 25
                     Assumed  50  ft3-/
                     Battelle Economics  of  Recovery Report^'
                     Assumed  5 ft3-/
                     Assumed  1,100 cfm3/
                     Assumed3-'
t-o
N3
Wiping Station
  Height (m)
  Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)
  Diameter (m)
  Exit Velocity (m/sec)
  Temperature (°C)
15.2
0.011
1.5
0.28
25
                                                                                  a/
                                                                           Assumed—
Battelle Economics of Recovery Report^'
Assumed—
Assumed!!/
Assumed—'
     Open Storage

     Building Dimensions
       Length (m)
       Width (m)
       Height (m)
                                                 None
                                                 60
                                                 60
                                                 15
                     Assumed

                     Assumed
   ci/  Haw assumption,  all sources  ducted  to atmosphere.
   b/  "Economics  of Lead  Removal  in Selected Industries,"
         August 31,  1973,  by Battelle.
                                                      EPA Contract No. 68-02-0611, Task 3,

-------
   Source Operation:  Gable Covering Plant
                Process/Data
                                                 Value
                                    Remarks
     Dross Kettle, Robertson Pot,
     Robertson Press
       Height (m)
       Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)
       Diameter (m)
       Exit Velocity (m/sec)
       Temperature (°C)
                                                 15.2
                                                 0.0024
                                                 0.51
                                                 12.4
                                                 41.1
                     Assumed 50
                     MRI Report No.
                     MRI Report-'
                     MRI Report^/
                     MRK Report^/
               3585-C(32)-/
to
OJ
Lead Pit
  Height (m)
  ?b Emission Rate (g/sec)
  Diameter (m)
  Exit Velocity (m/sec)
  Temperature. (°C)
15.2
0.0031
0.30
10.4
39.4
Assumed—'
MRI Report^/
MRI Report^
MRI ReportV
MRI Report^/

-------
   Source Operation:   Cable Covering Plant   (Continued)
                Process/Data
Value
                                                                                     Remarks
K)
Peri-ille Pot
  Height (m)
  IM> Emission Kate
  lUainetev (m)
  lixit Velocity (m/scc)
  Tempera ture (°C)

Open Storage

Building Dimensions
  Length (m)
  Width (m)
  Height (m)
15.2
0.000025
0.36
2.7
25.4

None
                                                      30
                                                      30
                                                      12
                                                                                  a/
                                                                           Assumed—
                                                                           MRI Report^'
                                                                           Mill Report^/
                                                                           MRI Report^/
                                                                           MRI Report^/
                            a/
                     Assumed"
   a/  Raw assumption.
   b/  "Kmission from Cable Covering Facility," EPA Contract No. 68-02-0228, Task No. 31,
         MRI Project No. 3585-C(32), (EMB Project Report No. 73-CCC-l).

-------
Source Operation:  Type Metal Operation
              Process/Data
Value
               Remarks
Fugitive Source
  Height (m)
  Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)
  Diameter (m)
  Exit Velocity (m/sec)
  Temperature ( C)

Open Stox-age

Building Dimensions
  Length (m)
  Width (m)
  Height (in)
15.2
1.0
1.2
5.0
25

None
45
45
15
Assumed roof vents, 50  ft—'
Assumed^/
Assumed 4 itSJ
Assumed^.'
Assumed ambient—'

Assumed^.'
a/  Raw assumption.
b/  Raw assumption that all plant air ducted  to  atmosphere.

-------
Source Operation:  Combustion of Fossil Fuel

       Process/Data           Value
          Remarks
  Boiler
    Height (m)                91.5
    Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)  0.022
    Diameter (m)              4.3
    Exit Velocity (m/sec)     8.2
    Temperature (°C)          149

  Open Storage                None

  Building Dimensions
    Length (m)                45
    Width (m)                 45
    Height (m)                45
MRI Project No. 3821-0(27 &
MRI Report^/
MRI Report^/
MRI Report*/
AssumedlL'
Assumed"
a/  "Hazardous Emission Characterization'of Utility Boilers," EPA Report
      No. EPA-650/2-75-006, July 1975.
b_/  Raw assumption.
                                    126

-------
Source Operation:  Waste Oil Combustion

       Process/Data           Value
                         Remarks
  Boiler
    Height (m)
    Temperature ( C)

  Open Storage

  Building Dimensions
    Length (m)
    Width (m)
    Height (m)
41.8
    Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)  0.150
    Diameter (m)              1.5
    Exit Velocity (m/sec)     7.6
149
None
30
30
15
Letter, Hawaii Electric Company,
  December 21, 1972
Letter, Hawaii Electric Company
Assumed 5 ft*./
Assumed 1,500 ppm£/
Assumed3.'

Assumed3/

Assumed3/
a/  Raw assumption.
                                     127

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Source Operation:  Waste Grankcase Oil Combustion

       Process/Pata           Value
            Remarks
  Boiler Stack
    Height (m)                61
    Pb Emission Rate (g/sec)  3.1

    Diameter (m)              3.1
    Exit Velocity (m/sec)     0.647
    Temperature (°C)          149

  Open Storage                None

  Building Dimensions
    Length (m)                45
    Width (m)                 45
    Height (m)                18
Assumed 200 ftS
Table I, Waste Oil Roundup No. 1,
Assumed 10 ftJ/
Assumed 10,000 cfm§/
Assumed 300° F£/

Assumed^/

Assumed^
a/  Raw assumption.
b/  "Waste Oil Roundup—No. 1," Committee on Disposal of Waste Products,
      Division of Marketing, American Petroleum Institute, 1801 K Street,
      N.W,, Washington, D.C. 20006.
                                    128

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